POLITICAL DI.CTIONAR Y EXPLAINING THE TRUE MEANING OF WORDS. ILLUSTRATED A-ND EXEMPLIFIED IN THE LIVES, MORALS, CHARACTER AND O F ,T H S F O L,L O W I H MOST ILLUSTRIOUS A M O.N G MA NY O T $ E & $. The King, Queen, Prince of Wales, Duk of York, ;Pope Pius VI. Emperor, King of Pruflia, the Tigrefs of Ruflia. Duk"s of Brunfwick, Portland, Richmond, 'Newcaflle, .Lee4s. Earls Chatham, Fitzwilliam, Darlington, Spencer,, Ho we, Chef- terfield. ; I,ords Grenville, Mornin^ton, JVIoira, Mountmovris, Mulgrave, Fitzgerald, Harvey. Judges Kenyon and v-ougnbo- rough. Hon. Frank North. .Sirs George Saville, ,Cilbert Elliot, Francis Molyneux, Waikin Lewes, Roger , Curtis, Sidney Smythe. .Francis Sykes. Richard ,Hill. Landgrave .of HefTe Caffel. Madam Schwellenbergcn. Medrs. :Pirr., ^ox. Burke, Dumourier, Warren Haftingg, Wyndham, Powis, J>unda, Thornton, Wilberforce, Reeves, Arthur Young, George Hanger, Charles jenkinfon, Colonel Tarleton, 3rook Wattbn,^Aldermefx Curtis, Anderfon, Le Msfurier, ^anderfon. "JJilhqps mt!. .Ciergy. Charles I. and .Louis XVI, BY -T H B L A..T* CHARLES I G T T, E AUTHOR OF THE JOCKEY CLUBS, &C. &C. K* \v-YeRK- Printed for THOMAS No. 54, Wall-Strcst, f P I G O T T's POLITICAL DICTIONARY, A BSURDITY Mr. Pitt's furplus JL\. fund, his Majefty's civil-lift, and the combination of kings, to reftore priefthood, ariftocracy, and monarchy in France. Ahufe. The different governments of Europe ; privileged orders ; church eftablifhments. Adam. The only man of his time, a true Sans Culottes, and the firft revolu- tiomft. Addrefs. An echo of venal proflitu- tion; an infidioas, miniflerial trap to catch popularity, never to be truilcd. Admiralty. An office of the firfl re- fponiibility, requiring the grcatell talents, , and experience, in the man JV1 ^ 4 P I G O T T'S whoprefides over it.} filledby an IDEOT, beetle h& :hUf)ejri to be brother to a PRIME -NflMSTJER. A : if&ftfatAgCi : The evacuation of Tou- **4iV; : -the ' retreat from Dunkirk t the French triumphant matters of the fea; and Earl Moira's expedition to the coaft of Britanny. Alarm. The tocfin of dehifion ; plunging Englishmen into all the cala- mities of war, under the falfell pretence of their liberties and properties being endangered, to cover fche real defigns of hatred, j.caloufy, defpotifm, and revenge. A pretext for profecutions, unconHitu- tional augmentation of the army, the in- troduction of foreign troops, barracks, &c. &c. &c. Alarmifts. Miferable politicians^ who have been dupes of the found, terrified by the downfal of ariftocracy in France ; bewildered by apprehenlions and fears for themfelves, they have loft all fenfe of their duty towards the people, and have jo 1 *ied the confpiracy of courts againft the interests of humanity. For example, Duke of Portland, Earls Fitzwilliatn, POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 5 Spencer, Me firs. Wind ham, Powis, and a lift of et ceteras, ad infimtum. Alderman. Stupidity, gluttony, fer~. vility, avarice; perfectly reprefented in the perfons of MclT. Curtis, Andcrfon, Le Meflieur, and Sanderfon; turtle feaft- iag, &c. &c. Ally (new.) George III. Pope Pius America. A bright and immortal ex- ample to all colonies groaning under a foreign yoke, proving the invincible energy and virtue of Freedom, and en- joying a ftate of profperity, fince fhe has thrown off her dependence on Great- Britain, hitherto unknown in the nations of Europe. Ambaffador. A privileged fpy ; a genu- ine reprefentative of royalty. Ambition. An- irreiiftible ftimulus to ( ferfonal aggrandizement ; a rage for for- eign conquefls, fovereign contempt for public calamity, and an everlasting attach- ment to courts. Ankerftrom. A generous TYRANNICIDE equal if not fuperior to BRUTUS. Apathy. A word charadteriftic of modern Britons. Apoftate. One who barters his politi- 6 P I G O T T*S cal principles for a fum of money, for a penfion, a place, or a greater; Dumourier, Pitt, Burke, Moira, and other great men. Argument. Proclamation, manifeftoes, Newgate, fine, pillory, BOTANY BAY. Ariftocrat. A fool, a fcoundrel, gene- rally both ; a monfter of rapacity, and an enemy to mankind. Armv (ftandi-ng}. An engine employed in monarchies, by which nations areenflav- ed. Dalrymple obferves, that <( flavery follows a Handing army, as fure as the lhadow follows the body." Afs. A beaft of burthen. The cele- brated naturalift Buffon fays, that an afs is the moft patient of all animals ; but the philofopher had never read the hiftory of JOHN BULL. Affcrtion. The king's fpeech on open-" ing the feflions of Parliament,, 1 794 ; the account of brilliant fuccefTes obtained by: the combined powers ; the Britifh Conlli- tution, the chef d'ceuvre of perfection, the envy and admiration of the whole world; the inexhauftible refources, and unprece- dented proiperity of England / themadnefs of reform ; the neceflity of carrying on the war , and, finally, the virtue of Mr. Pkt and his adminift ration, POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 7 Affectation. The meaning of this word has lately undergone a revolution. In former times it was deemed legal for Eng- limmen to aflbciate, for the purpofe of difcufling political principles and their own rights. Such meetings were once held constitutional and meritorious ; Pitt, the Duke of Richmond, and other Friends of the People, were the chief fupporters of them. Now government deems them un- conftitutional and/editions, and the afTbci- ators ftand a good chance of being confined four years in Newgate, or, if in Scotland, of being loaded with irons, and tranfported to Botany Bay. Neverthelefs, on the other hand, aiTbciations are formed under the im- mediate fandion of this very identical Pitt, for the fuppreflkm ofthefe once conftitu- tional meetings, and/^/j aflbciators are re- garded by him as the only true loyalifts, the beft friends to their country. Sir George Saville was a diftinguifhed member of the firft affociations ; Mr. Reeves, a placeman, the Prince of Spies and Informers, is at the head of the >atter. It remains forfober-minded men to deter- mine, on which fide the truth lies ; it is for them to judge, between a common hireling and Sir George Saville, the PATRIOT of * $ I G O T T ' S Fiisday.- Other aflbciations are alfo/r/V?/y legal 3 and warmly countenanced by a ge- nerous ariftocracy ; fuch, for example a : re united for the prefervation of game, and for bringing to condign punifnment the guilty culprit who' 1 fhall* have dared to kill a hate or pheafant,that laid vvafte his half rood > gaKlen^nd deftroyed its produce,mtend- ed for the fupport of himfelf and family. Attornies* A fet of mifcrcants (for the Mo it part Jin 1 rapacity and crueky inferior to noneybutthojfe who excrcifc a-jurifdic- 6& over them.* Author. Duke of Leeds; Lord Mount- fnorres ; Honourable Frank North ; George lianger.- B. Sdlartce 6f poi&er. A catch-\v : ord that incites- nations to war ; the politician's d?ea^m^ a 1 word now falling into difufe, its 4 fallacy being detected. ,- A proof of national prof- ^ the advantages refulting from our France. Vide Dundas's fpeeches, Pstrlkinentary Regifter. Bargain* Miniflerial loans; Brook Wa'tfon's contract ; 2oo,ool. a year fub- ^idiz^d to the King of Sardinia, to enable fern to defend his own dominions ; fublidits POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 9 to the Elector of Hanover and the Land- grave ofHelTe CaiTcl; a penfion of 1500!. per annum to the Jefuit of St. Omer's ; the pecuniary douceur granted to Sir Gilbert Elliot, for his fer vices at Toulon,, &c. &c. Baronet. Sir Francis Molyneux. Barrifter. Loquacity, impudence, pre- furnption, vanity, confequence, fophiftry, inconfiftency, and felf-intereft. Garrow. Baflille. Newgate ; New Prifon, Cold- bath-fields, finifhed under the SPECIAL DI- RECTION of Mr. PITT. Beggars. National profpcrity ! (Spi- taliields) (ruined manufactures). Bijbop. A wolf in (heep's cloathing. Blindnefs. The Englifli nation ; c none are fo blind ^s thofe that won't fee.' Bomhaft. Lord Grenville, and Pitt's- fpeeches, Vide Parliamentary Regifler. Boxing. A fafhionable amufement, lately in great vogue, and chiefly patro- nifed by Princes of the bload, and Nobles of ihe realm. Braggadocio. Colonel Tarleton, Sir Watkin Lewes, Sir Roger Curtis, Sir Sid- ney Smythe. Bvafs . D u ndi " . AS 10 P I G O T T'S Bravery. The Royal Dunkirk Here y . Lord Mulgrave, Earl Howe. Briton. Slave. Briton, (True) a minifterial newfpaper fynonymous for true informer, defpotifm,. lies, felf-intereft, and corruption. Briinfwick, (Duke of) the victorious hero who threatened to exterminate twenty- five millions of people, if they did not fubmit to his arbitrary conditions ; and who, in lefs than a fortnight afterwards, was completely routed and put to flight, by a few volunteers of the above people. Brutality. Thief-takers : the keepers and turn keys of goals. A judge patting fentenceofDEATHagamft a. youthful convict not fourteen years old, for STEALING FIVE SHILLINGS. The late. Earl of Lincoln, now Duke of Newcaftle, profecutinga countryman for killing a hare on hiseflatc, and afterwards declaring, on being told the magiftrates had only condemned the man for fix months imprifonment in the county-goal, that had he known the fen- tence would have been fo mild, he would have profecuted him in the Exchequer, when he might have been able to tranf- pcrt the culprit to IV- Bay. The POLITICAL DICTIONARY. I! Lord Advocate of Scotland's fpeech in the Englifh Houfe of Commons, on the cafe of Muir and Palmer. The amufe- ments of Princes and nobles ; boxing, cock fighting, hunting down hares, (hoot- ing Partridges, woodcocks, &c. &c. dray- men abufing their draft horfes, and the Earl of Darlington, a young NOBLEMAN, poflefling 50,000!. a-year, riding one ge- nerous animal fixty miles in fix hours, and thereby cauling the horfe's death ! Qucre, Which be the greater brute, his lorJmip or the horfe ? Budget. New taxes ; an increafe of in- fluence to the Crown, and of mifery to the poor. Bully. Lord Hervey, Lord Robert Fitzgerald, the Britifh Envoys at Florence and Berne. Burden. A civil lift, a ftanding army. Butchery. A regiment of Englifh mi- litia, at the command of their officers, firing on their countrymen, the unarmed Inhabitants of Briftol^when a number of men, women, and children were killed. C. Calumny. Uniform abufe and exag- gerated falfehoods againft the French. Candour. Karl Meira, on his j$ P I G O T T'S from oppolition to adminiflration; Pitt fupporting the ncceffity for extending the prerogative of the Crown, and juf- tifyin-g himfelf for keeping up and en- larging the fyftem of corruption, which fee had formerfy pledged himfelf toabolifh. Cannon.' The only argument of con- f icftiori to dcfpots.' Chancery.- A tribunal which profeflesr fo have no other object in view than the ilriclefl equity; an office requiring the moil incorruptible honour and integrity, but which is generally filled by the vileft tools- and lycophants of power, and, in- Head of being a fa'ithful admimflration of ipeedy and impartial juftice, is pro- verbial for its extortion and delays. This <6fficc is generally allotted as a reward for apoftacy, Cba6s< Confufion ; the Britifh confti- tutiony King, Lords, and Commons. Charity* Enormous contributions for French rebels ; an utter neglect of our Own poon Chafiityj (^ertu unique] Queen Char- lotte. Cburcbj A patent for hypocrify ; the tefuge of floth, ignorance and fupertliti- on, the corner-ftone of tyranny. #61ITICAL DICTIONARY. 13 Citizen. The moft honourable of titles ; the definition of a virtuous man. Clemency. The court of King's-bench ; the court of Judiciary in Scotland. Client. An unfortunate viclim to ill- placed con dence, to the rapacity and plunder of lawyers, Coalition.- An union of parties, when monopoly on either fide is impoflible^ and when the principle itfelf is threaten- ed, to defend and divide the loaves and fifhesv Cock (game), A fanguinary, cruel ty- rant. Vide the bill of indictment pre- ferred againll D. I. Eaton ; where the Attorney-General compares a game-cock to a cruel, fanguinary tyrant, and fays, that it muft mean our moft gracious Sove- reign GEO. III. Company , (Eaft India)-- -Chartered rob^ bers, licenfed murderers, fending out military ruffians to conquer, plunder, and defolate the remoteli countries. Confidence. A word employed by flatcf- men, in order to preferve their power, and enflave a nation to their yoke. Confequence. Pitt,///// drej)'ed y furround- cd by his myrmidons on the Treafury^ bench* 14 P I G O T T * S Covjiftency. MeJTrs. Fox, G rattan, &c. &c. Conftitution. A code of laws, founded in principles of equal rights, a id general happinefs, fuch as Kenyon and Afburft define that of England, but \vhich their practice proves directly the reverfe. Contractors. A fet of men who are known to live in luxury on the plunder of the ignorant, the innocent, and the help- lefs ; upon that part of the community which Hands moil in need of and bed de- ferves the care and protection of the legif- lature. In all Minifterial contracts > it is never a queflion of making a profitable bargain for the public the only object is to enrich the CONTRACTOR, who is always a creature of the Miniftcr. Brook Wat- Ton, &c. &c. &c. Contraft. The invincible ardour, the independent fpirit of a FRENCH RE- PUBLICAN ; the tame fervility, the fawning fycophancy of a Britifo courtier ; the RIGHTS OF MAN, by THOMAS PAIN:: ; the libel on the human race, by the Right Honourable Edmund Burke ; the manifeitoes of tyrants, the anfwers of freemen, the impudent ajferiicns of Grem'ille or Maxs- POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 15 field ; theiRRESISTIBLETRUTHS of STAN- HOPE ; a convention of the people, a par- liament of ariftocracy. Corporation. An infamous relic of the ancient feudal fyftem ; a tyrannical, ex- clufive monopoly, generally confirming of gluttons, idiots, and opprefibrs ; brutes in a human form. Corruption. " The oil which makes the wheels of Government go well." Vide\ Arthur Young's Example of France, a Warning to Britain, p. 191. Courtier. Duke of Montrofe, Lords Chcfterfield, Elgin, Sidney, Rivers, On- flow, &c. &c. &c. A fycophant. Court. The dunghill that breeds the above vermin ; the focus that confumes the mduftry and labour of the people. Halifax, himfelf a courtier, ftiles it a den of well fed, well drefled beggars. Cowardice. Military ruffians affaulting the Rev. Dr. Knox, his wife and daugh- ter, at the Brighthelmfron theatre. Crown. A jewel that dazzles the eye of the vulgar by its extenfive fplendor ; the gewgaw and pageantry which it dif- plays, reconciles the nation to a bauble which colls a million annually to fupport, 16 p i G o T T'S drained from the virtue of induftry, and the fvveat of labour. Partial fplendour, public calamity. Cruelty. Lord Hood commanding a man of war filled with helplefs pnfoners to be funk ; the horrors perpetrated oil men and women in La Vendee by rebels fighting aprainft the liberties of their na-r tive councry ; criminal laws that inflicl: capital punifhment for trivial offences ;> the SLAVE TRADE. D Dagger. A figure in rhetoric, unknown to ancient and modern orators, till the days of Mr. Edmund Burke, to whofe pointed genius we are indebted for the dif- covery. Damien. A virtuous afTaflin, who aim- ed an abortive blow at the life of a tyrant (Louis XV.) who by his prodigality and brutal vices had fcattered famine far and wide over his country, and corrupted the morals of a \vhole people. Damien un- derwent the mod ihidied and excruciating tortures ; his eye-balls were torn out ; hot boiling lead, drop by drop was poured into their fockets, and every refinement of the ciuelieft invention praclifed on his POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 17 Wangled body ; and for what ? for an inef- fevhial attempt to rid the world of a moa- ner, who every day of his life was the caufe of mifery and death to thouiands. D-imein expired on the bed- of torture. The other was fuffercd to die in peace on a bed of Mate ; but after death, the people could not be retrained from venting their execration, and pointing their wrath again ft his putrid Royal corpfe. Death. The grand leveller of human difrinctions.- Armed with his dreadful fcymitar, he mows down princes and pea- fants indifcriminately but he is partial to forrow and misfortune,, vifiting the v/retched under "their afflictions, and re- lieving them from all their troubles, while at the very fame inftant he will hurl a ty- rant, in the plenitude of omnipotence, from his throne, and level the conqueror of worlds in the duft. He will (land in- vifibie at the elbow of Kings, \vhen they are meditatirig the moil wafteful and un- bounded fchemes of ambition and con- queft, the flavery of their own fubjcdrs, and the extermination of diftarit empires. Death in an inftant blafts their infernal projects, and fends them to their account,, with all their enormities on their 18 PIGOTT'S Debauchery. Carlton-houfe, Kempfhot. The Dunkirk Hero in a fit of intoxication at three o'clock in the morning at a brothel, furrounded by half a dozen prof- titutes, watching a favourable opportunity to pick his pocket. Scene in W-t-n's Berkeley-dreet. Debt (National) Politicians defcribe the immenfity of our public debt as the lured proof of our profperity. Philofophers lament it, as the caufe of unparalleled tax- ation and poverty to the people. Degeneracy. Old England. Deluflon. The ruling principle and lad furviving hope of the Britifh Cabinet. Democrat. One who maintains the rights of the people; an enemy to privileged orders, and all monarchical encroachments, the advocate of peace, ceconomy and re- form. Aridotle affirms that liberty can never flourilh out of a democracy. Mon- tefquieu calls it the nurfery of virtue. Dif content (Popular). In the aridocra- tic dictionary, fedition. When people, vexed and goaded by oppreflion, exprefs difcontent, aridocracy deems it fedi- tion. The judges tell them they have no right to complain ; things can net POLITICAL DICTIONARY. T$ be better, and the law finally con- demns them to the pillory, fine, and two years confinement in one of his Majefty's Baftilles y there to learn patience, refignation, and lubmiflion. The word will alfo admit of another conftruclion. ft When popular difcontents have been S an Average, there was not more than fifty commifTions of bankruptcy ligned per week, and when the profits of each coin- mi fiion to his Lordihip did not exceed FIFTEEN POUNDS. Dijjtmvlation. An art in which Kings- excel. The late Louis Capet, King of France,. fell a viclim to the fatal Ikill with which he practifed its refinements. There .re other Kings frill greater adepts in the art, and who continue to praclife it with incredible fuccefs, although it is not mo- illy impofliblc but a fimilar fate may i nallybefal them. Pafts and prayers > all the external canf-oi religion, are attributes of diffimulation. Halifax itiles it cc a^ ( jewel in the crown." Divinity > The Bench of Bifhops uni- formly voting in their capacity as legifla- tors, againfl the maxims of the gofpel, in fupport of war and extermination. Drunkennefs . Meflrs. Pitt and Dundas, when fo intoxicated with liquor, as not to be able to articulate their words, engaging a vaft majority in the Houfe of Commons to precipitate their country into a war w ? ith France ; the feflivities of Brighton, Hoi vv cod, Wimbledon, Gordon Houfe, Dowmng-ftreet ; the Duke of Norfolk POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 21 Drinking common gin with the Royal Sove** reign, at her lodgings in Strand-lane. Dullnefs. Poet Jerningham's tragedy / the liege of Berwick ; Lady Wallace's comedy / Mrs. Robinfon's novels ; the ; Houfe of Peers ; fafhionable routs ; Mon- sieur Le Texier's Readings ; and their Mujeftics' private parties. Dunce. Lord Grcnville, Tom St le, Colonel Cawthorne, &c. &c. E. Effeminacy. A word, the meaning of which was once illuftrated by the French nation, till the noble fpirit of republican- ifm deftroyed the ancient charad:er, and gave birth to thofe prodigies of heroifm and magnanimity, that at prefent juftly rank -it the firit nation of the earth. Ef- feminacy is now perfectly well defcribed in Fop's Alley, at our Opera Houfe in the Haymarket,by the defcendants ofHamp- den, Sidney, RufTel, and other Rritifh patriots. The two nations have under- gone a complete revolution of character. Regeneration and degeneracy. Emigrant (Englifh). One who, like Dr. Prieilly or Thomas Cooper, is com- pelled to fly from perfecutioii, and 22 P I G O T T ' S liberty in a far diilant land, probably America, theftates of Europe, for the moft part, France excepted, being rank defpo- tifms. The late dreadful punifhments that have been inflidted under the fanclion of a government falling it/elf free ; the reftriftions impofed upon citizens, the in- tolerable and ftill increaiing taxes, the fo- reign armies that have been landed, and the military barracks erected throughout the country, have produced an extraordi- nary effect on the public mind, and threaten fuch an emigration as ought to create the moft ferious appreheniions. When Mr. Pitt \vas called into power, the death- warrant of Old England's remaining liberties, and, with them, of her great- nefs, was figned. It were prepofterous to fuppofc, whenever peace mall be cfbu blimed, that induflry and labour will de- vote their fervices to an old, exhaufted, worn-out fyilem, working its own difio- lution, and which is only preferved in its prefent rotten flate by an immenfity of impofr., that robs the virtues by which alone it is kept from mortification; while new conlrjtutions, UN TAX ED, with every advantage of climate, and al POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 2J tible charms of freedom, fhall invite them to emigration. England, thy Sun is fet. Emigrant (French). One who flies his country flruggling for freedom, and be- comes its enemy; who enlifts under a fo- reign banner to fight againft it. One who labours by treafon and mafTacre to revive that ancient dcfpotifm, under which fo many millions of vidlims were born with- out hope, and perifhed through want, but under which, he himfelf enjoyed all the milk and honey of the land. One who leaves his wife, his children, and every thing that ihculd be moft dear and facred to him, in the hands of his enemies, and who hopes to deliver them by fword, by fire, and by- famine ; \\ ho finds it unjuft that thefe ene- mies (his countrymen, whom he has aban- doned) mould feize his effects, and treat him with rigour, although he publicly avows, that ihould he himfelf be victori- ous, he Will ihcw grace and indulgence to none. One who complains alfo, that the foreigners, on whole ferviccs he relies, have the moft interefted and venal views, although at the fame time he confefles that thefe foreigners o\ved no obligation to him, and that they ail had ever been th--> fecret enemies of his country, ccc. : 24 P 1 G O T T'VS Enemy ( nat u ral ) . National enmities have been always produced and .encouraged by kingly and prieflly policy. The wolf is the natural enemv of the 'lamb ; the vulture .-of the dove. By inftintJ ibey are fo. c l bey miift live ; but one people can never be the natural enemy of another ; u.nlefs we con- lider mankind in the fame ia-vage light as the vulture and the wolf. A nation is no more than a member of that large family, the human race, and can only ftourifh in proportion with the felicity and welfare of the whole. What greater abfurdity can be imagined, than -that a people who owe all their profpcnty to commerce, that is to fay, to their connections with other people, fhould call themfelves the natural enemy of this or of that people, and indeed of every thing that is not confined within their own circle ! Is it not evident that this abominable prejudice is kept up > gang of -plunder rs and monopolisers, ir, protection of CHURCH and STATE, who find their advantage and emolument in it ? Enquiry. According to the modern con- flruction, fignifks Sedition. In the old En- gliih dictionary, it was held a CONSTITU- TIONAL PRIVILEGE, derived from VT POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 25 CHARTA and the BILL of RIGHTS, for the people to enquire into the conduct of Kings or M milters, and into the errors of their government ; but all things now feem in a (late of revolution, and accord- ing to Mr Pitt's new code, which is im- plicitly adopted by all the legal courts through the three kingdoms, enquiry im- plies difloyalty, fedition, or treafon, and they who are audacious enough to claim this ancient obfolete privilege, expofe thenafelves to the penalties of fine, pillory, or imprifonment, and if in Scotland, of tranfportation for fourteen years to Bo- TANY BAY. The people, however, begin to murmur at the revolution that the world has undergone, and to think this is not altogether a F&EE country. Enterprise: This word implies judg- ment to conceive plans, with ability and ikill to execute them. The left definition of the word may be found in the hiitory . of our lad campaign againft the French jn the years 1793-94, and in the gallant Earl Moirz's projected economical expedi- tion to the coait of France. Equality. In the Alarm/ft vocabulary, everything mdrafly .i ; .l ph,;i- ^B 26 PIGOTT'S cally impofiible ; equal wifdom, equal jftrength, equal wealth, &c. but equality truly iignifics, both in Trance and Eng- land, as well as every where elfe, EQUAL RIGHTS ; a RIGHT of every citizen, not difquahficd by nature or by crime, to the benefits and protection of fociety ; aright of voting for the election of thofe who are to make laws by which he himfelf is to be bound ; by which, his liberty, his property, and his life are affected, and an equal right of exerting to advantage the genius and talents which he may poflcfs the equal rights of nations. Extermination. The principle of the war in which the combined powers are engaged againfl France ; to deftroy twenty-five millions of people, or other- wife to force on them ffcch a government^ as thefe combined powers in their clemency and wifdom, mall approve ; fuch is the war in which the rulers of nations have in- volved their fubjecls ; in which, already more than 300,000 men have been flaugh- tered, during the courfe of two campaigns j neverthelefs, thefe horrible maffacres- feein only to have increafed the fury> by which thefe defpots arc ftimulatcd j POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 27 anri thus myriads of innocent, ignorant victims ftili continue, without reflection, to obey the tyrants order, and to yield their willing throats to the butcher's knife. f Ye gods, what havoc does ambition make amongft your works.'* Pa if I on. In its primitive fenfe, figni- fies mifchief, conspiracy, oppofition to good and lawful government; likewifc Jecrct cabals, or an open violent conteft be- tween two unprincipled, reftlefs, rapa- cious parties, for a monopoly of the fpoils of a plundered exhaufted people. In ano- ther, that is, in the Minijlerial fenfe, fae~ tion is virtus ; but a virtus liable to the heavieft penalties and puniihments. AiTo- ciations of citizens peaceably met together fordifcuiling the abufes of Government, and for deliberating on the fafefl and moil effectual method of procuring their re- form ; an enquiry into the meafures of their fervants (the Miniilers) and an ex- ercife of thofe privileges, which Englifh- men were taught byfomeof theferninif- ters themfelves to believe inherent in their free conftitution, are now conftruecl into fa^lion, and thus, the word is polIeHed of ti^o different fignification&. I 28 PIGOTT'S Whether Mr. Pitt's modern reading, or the ancient conflrudion be the juft one, wtfl defers es the ferious confideration of our popular f octettes throughout Great- Britain and Ireland, who would ad: wifely in affording to their heaven-born Minifter, a STRIKING fpecimen of their opinions on the fubjedt. Perhaps, after all, the moil accurate definition of the word fafiion, is to be found in the coalition between alarmifts and courtiers, in defence of Royal preroga- tive, of extravagant finecures, fupernu- merary places, and unmerited peniions ; as well as of every other fpecies of corrupt influence, againil the rights and liberties of mankind ; in the confederation of Kings agamft the independence of the French Republic, as folemnly ratified by the people, through the organ of reprefen- tatives, FAIRLY and CONSTITUTIONALLY elected by their own FREE UNBOUGHT fuf- frages. Faith. Credulity, fuperftition. An article loudly extolled and vehemently in- filled on, in all ages, by PRIESTS and KINGS. Succefs has crowned thdir exer- tions. Mankind, on every occaiion, have POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 39 opened a gullet wide enough to f wallow the abfurdeft paradoxes, the inoil glaring im- podibilities. Only lay, that Cf an army of foldiers was lecn lafi night to pafs over the moon/' and you will immediately per- ceive a vaft legion of implicit believers making their comments and remarks on the phenomenon^ explaining it on the au- thority of fcriptural prophecies. Nothing too prepoflerous tor popular credulity, which has been always fed and cheriihed by the great leaders in Church and Stale ; knowing this, on that bails only their em- pire depends. Thus have nations by dint of error and fuperftition, for a vaft luccef- iion of ages, yielded themfelves up to the dominion of royal or priedly authority, which, in moil inilances, have formed a coalition for the purpofc, whereby the community have been plunged into a fa- thomlefs abyfs of fervitude and ignorance, from which patriotifm and philofophy have hitherto laboured in vain to refcue them. The FAITH infpired by prieftcrjft &\\& flat e-cr aft > is the prime caufe of that mifery and tyranny, which, to this hour,, continue to rage through the ur^vcric. Tne SCOURGES OF THE WORLD are held ^o PIGOTT'S out by PRIESTS, as the VICEGERENTS OF HEAVEN, and the opinions and confciences of men, till very lately, have been al- mcft entirely diredted by priefts y but as their empire is terribly convulfed by the revolution in France, which has ferved ib efTentially to enlighten the human under- Handing, may it loon be totally deflroyed, and may Wifdom, Peace and Philanthropy eredt a Ian ing throne, on the wreck of FAITH, Error, and Superitition 1 Their reign has been too long ; they have ruled with an iron fceptre. It is time for Peace to fix her refidence amongft us. The Millenium, however, can never arrive, till FAITH in priefts and fovercigns be annihi- lated. Their mtereft, their ambition is war the grand engine of CHURCH and STATE. Fame. A term in general moft barba- roufly mifapplied. Murderers have been ftiled heroes, and conquerors gods. To immc realize their memory, maufoleums have been raifed, the arts of invention ran- facked, and the imagination of genius ex- haufkd ; while the real benefaftor of man- kind, ci.-it during his mortal pilgrimage in an humble fphere, may after death, conti- POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 31 .nue to rot in an obfcure, neglected grave, without any honourable memorial to pre- ferve his name from oblivion ; but it is time fuch unnatural prejudices and unjuft diftinctions ihould ceafe. Every gene- rous fpirit afpircs to FAME. Itfhould be the virtuous ftudy of philofophy to give to public gratitude a proper direction Too long have genius and talents been proftituted at the footftool of power, to adulate the crimes of CONQUERORS and KINGS. A brighter example is due. Let us juftly beftow the meed of Fame. Let us flrew choicelt flowers o'er the tombs of virtue ; let us venerate with pi- ous forrow and affectionate gratitude, the blefled ihades of Hampden, Sidney, and Milton, thofe true heroes, who, during life, had virtue to relift, and fortitude to en- dure, the fierceft malice of tyrannic power. Let us confecrate to immortality, the me- mory of all thofe patriots, who have fuf- fered and bled for the facred caufe of Free- dom. Let us alfo be liberal in our praife and benefactions towards thofe generous mar- tyrs for righteoufnefs fake, who are now groaning in cruel bondage, bani fried to a J2 P I G O T T * S far diflant, barren, and inhofpitable more, the victims of a moll ferocious defpotifnru Let us pour the balm f confolation on their wounded fouls, and enfurc to them the nobleft enjoyments to which they af- pi re ; the praife of their fellow-citizens, the applaufe and admiration of pofterity. Let e'm remember that they carry \\ith them the regret, the efleem, the afreclioii of their countrymen ; of fuch, at leafr, whofe hearts are not dead to humanity and to juflice. Let them chcrifh the grateful hope, that the fyftem of delulion and tyranny is about to expire, that their fuffenngs will be of fhort duration, that their chains will be broken on the heads of their oppreilbrs, and that their return will be hailed with acclamations of joy, by an applauding and regenerated people. Let 'em alfo reflect that the breads of the mercilefs tyrants who torture /&;#, are f hem/elves tortured ; not by the pangs of feflfibility and remorfe, but by the fcor- pion flings of terror, anxiety and alarm, which incefTantly goad them, and that a- midil the tempeituous billows of the ocean, v/ith all the devoted victims of evil POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 33 vernmentand misfortune before their eyes, they enjoy more ferenity of mind, more fearlefs {lumbers, than the unrighteous, har- dened Judges who patted the fentence againft them, or than the INEXORABLE M-G-T-E who confented to the execution by which almoft as many Indians are fup~ 36 PIGOTT'S pofcd to have perifhed ; fo rigidly did they adhere to the purity of their religion, which prohibits in all cafes, the ufe of ani- mal flefh ; neverthelefs Sir Francis has been long returned to Europe with his wealth, enjoys unmolefted, otium cum dig- nitate ,- has a feat in the Britifh fenate, bo- roughs at his command, and has been re- warded, by our moft gracious Sovereign, with the title of Baronet. Famine is one of the gentlejl inftruments employed by our heaven-born minifter in the prefent juft and religious war with France. All the treafons he has fomented, all the maffacres he has planned and cauf- ed to be committed, having proved infuf- ficient, he ftill indulges the hope of being able to ftarve twenty-five millions of peo- ple, and thereby at laft to conquer that na- tion. It has been well obferved by a fagacious writer, ff that if there were no KINGS, there cf would be no WARS ;" and, certainly, if there were no wars, there could be nocon- quefls ; of courfe, famine would be un- known ; for nature, fddom or never, in the word of feafons, is herfelf fo rigorous, even in the moil barren resrioas, or \\licrc POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 37 the inhabitants arc moft addicted to floth and effeminacy, as to refufe fupply of their real wants-. Indeed in thofe countries where the heat of climate difpofes the natives to indolence, nature in general yields her gifts fpontaneoufly ; whereas, in more un- grateful climes, the people are prone to toil and labour. But war does the bufi- nefs effectually in all countries, however fertile or induftrious. During the war* previous to the peace of Ryfwick, the price of corn was double in England, and in Scotland quadruple its ordinary rate ; and in one of the years pending that war, eigh- ty thoufand perfons died of WANT in the lafl mentioned country. Neverthelefs, while Kings, Prelates, and Nobles, are not cxpofed to the horrors of famine, it is per- fectly coKJijlent that the people mould al- ways, as at prefent, 1794, co-operate with their leaders to inflict it on themfelves. When famine rages in the heart of a coun- try, the prodigality of a court experiences no abatement ; there it is unfelt ; courts are exempt from the calamities which they fpread over the univerfe. Fa/bion. Whatever cuftom prevails a- xnongft the great, whatever mode of drefs, C 38 PIGOTT'S particular Idiom of exprefTion, is by them employed, \ve ftile Fafhion \ and in general, no matter how contemptible, iriifchievcus, or unnatural, we are eager to adopt and practife the abfurdity. Thus we perceive, what a vafi: influence Fdfijion muri neceflarily have over the mo- rals of fociety, and how much its welfare consequently depends on the example of the fuperior orders. It is therefore to be lamented, that thofe to whom we look up as our betters, mould fo feldom fet up VIRTUE as a fafaion ; but that, iriftead *J J * thereof, they fhould only afford us an ex- ample of the moll extravagant follies, of the rankefl debaucheries. If a Prince of Wales mould delight in the molt violent exceiles of the table, it is then tkcfjfttcv to be eternally drunk \ if he fnould on eve- ry occaiion, difplay fymptoms of heed- lefs and unbounded prodigality, it is then the ton to fix no limits to our expences ; or, if he fhould take it in his bead to talk nonfenfe, it then becomes quite the fafhion to do like the Prince, arid talk like a fool. Hence the contagion immediately per- vades ever) department of the community, from his Royal HighncfVs LORD IN WAIT- POLITICAL'' -DICTIONARY. 39 ING, down to the loii' eft journeyman fa op ~ keeper. In like manner if a Duke of York, anx- ious to make a fplendid parade of his great military talents, mould cry out for war, the whole Britifh noblefle re-echo the found, and the nation breathes the fame warlike fpirit, till after two or three unfortunate campaigns, the treafury drained, commerce decayed, manufactures annihilated, the mafs of the people reduced to beggary, they begin to deplore their madnefs, and to invoke the btefllngs of peace. Now then is arrived the feafon of reflection ; pow is the time for Britons to deliberate on the policy or impolicy of implicitly fubmitting to the doctrines, or blindly adopting the principles of the Great. Now is the time for them moft ferioufly to con- lider whether fociety owes any obligat on to their virtues, whether it ought to enter- tain any rational hope of improvement, or happinefs, either from their exertions or facriiices ; and finally, it becomes necef- fary now to determine, how far it will be wife or prudent, any longer to abide by thofe FASHIONS, which for fo many ages, have been irjpofed on the world. 40 PIGOTT'S Faft (by proclamation.) A farce. The people called on to go to church and ne- gled their bufmefs, while minifters arc celebrating their caroufals, and getting drunk at each other's houfes. An impious mummery, or rather blafphemy. We arc told of our national fins, and, in expiation of them, are inftrudted to befeech the GOD OF PEACE to blefs our exterminating prin- ciples of war ; to fet ourfelves up as a peo- ple diftincl:, on whom exclufively, he ought to mower his benign protection, and to crown our efforts, in deflroying countlefs millions of his creatures. A court juggle ; a flimfy jefuitical contri- vance to inflame the public mind, and to give the clergy an opportunity of promul- gating their flavifh maxims, their political herefies from the pulpit. Favourite (Royal.) Weak and arbitra- ry princes, from the ftrft efrablifhment of monarchy, down to the prefent day, have always had their favourites, their Minions, their KNIGHTS of the BACK STAIRS ; ma- ny of whom have eventually fallen juft fa- crifices to the vengeance of a people who could no longer endure their outrages and enormities. A wife Prince has no other POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 4! favourite than the people. He can have no right to fquander Juperfluities on fa- vourites to keep up prodigal eftabliih- ments for them, while the nation is crufh- ed by a weight of taxes, and a majority of it reduced almoft to a want of necejjaries : but, as nothing can be more capricious than a monarch's fancy, the fituation of thefe gentry is not the moft enviable or fe- cure; and the examples yielded by hiflory are rather a drawback on their tranquility. They may be compared to fun-dials, which \vhile the fun mines upon them, all the world are eager to confult, but are at once forfaken, and left to their fate, as foon as he has withdrawn his rays. Feftival. Holiday a day fet apart for the commemoration of any honourable or profperous event. The GREEKS and RO- MANS celebrated their triumphs by Olym- pic games, that trained their youth td martial exercifes, and which have been fo beautifully defcribed by their poets andhif- torians. The FRENCH REPUBLIC difplays all the fublimity of fentiment, all the richnefs of imagination, and ardour of patriotifm, in thofe civic feftivals which the Convention 42 P I G O T T'S decrees, in honour of any fplendid viftory, or important advantage, which the arms of Libc||fe-.atchicve over the forces of TieaJ 1 ! i^PSfid Def^gifm. Magnificent proceirioiis, no longer iullied by the igno- ble badges of fuperrlition and fanaticifm, but embellifhed with all the iniignia of peace,, freedorrj, and equality, animating citizens with an invincible hatred of ty- rants, and a -f acred love for the divine caufc in which thev arc engaged. Painting, mufic, fculpture^all thearts, elegantly and honourably brought 1-orth for the common fervice oi : mankind. A fpe&acle combin- ing the happier! aflemblage of fimplicity and grandeur, which it is impoflible for a generous foul to contemplate without glowing with the immortal fpirit of juf- tice and philanthopy. The Englifh obferve their f eft ivah in a different niann-er. Of late, God knows, they have had few triumphs to celebrate ; but they have Hill their public days of re- joicing j~ a Prince'of Wales, or Duke of York's birth-day ! when oxen are roafted entire ; and,, as if the people were not al- ready fu-friciently flupified, they are tobs further lethargizcd by dint of BEEF and POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 43 PORTER, of GLUTTONY and DRUNKEN- NESS. Then they are taught to ihout is the GENIUS of Brutality, the GENIUS of Deluiion, or the GENIUS of Confulion, the whole fyftem of right and wrong confounded, order perverted, vice and tolly exalted to the ikies, virtue and talents funk in the duil ; a profligate blockhead, whofe fole merit probably hangs on a royal efcutcbeov, held up as a PAGOD of adoration, while a man like Gerald, with tranicendant abilities, and moft amiable inodeily, is tamely beheld, in violation of all ENGLISH law, of every principle of jultice, languifhing in New r ~ gate, hourly expecting to be feized and dragged to the veflel that is to convey his poor infirm, emaciated body to Botany Bay. The bell illuftration of thefe different entertainments, is difplax ed in the civic fi:ftivals> as arranged by Divid, and exhi- bited in the Champs de Mars at Paris, an account of which may be feen in Jordan's 44 P I G O T T ' 3 Political State of Europe, and in thcfplen- didfeafts given in honour of a royal Prince or Duke's birth- day, at Brighton and other places ; an account of which may be feen in moft of our periodical journals for the months of Auguft, 1791-92. From the contraft, Britons may, in fome degree, be enabled to form an eftimate of the virtues and genius peculiar to each nation. To know tjie difference between a BRITISH RovALisT,&a FRENCH REPUBLICAN . COD SAVE THE KING. VIVE LA RPUBLIQUE. Amen. Financier. A Chancellor of the Exche- quer who excels in taking money from the people's pocket in the eafiefi w&genteeleft manner. When it is neceifary to raife a loan, or to levy taxes, the rniniiler, like the frog in the fable, ready to burit with the fenfe of his own dignity and impor- tance, collecls around him the monied men of the city, and attends to their different proportions, with r.ll the affected gravity of his ftation. He then ccnf ults one con- fidential and experienced friend, who is al- ways employed on thefe occafions, whofe advice he uniformly follows, and then, wrapt up in the mantle of pride and con- fequence, he goes down to the Houfe of POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 45 Commons, opens his budget in an elo- quent, elaborate fpeech, in which he mines with borrowed feathers, and thus on the merit of another, Mr. Pitt acquires the reputation of a moil accurate calculator, of an excellent Financier. Flat. A kind of fla/h word, defcribing a perfon eafily impofed on, unfufpecliing, c redulous. One who fuffershimfelf to be ca- joled by words, without looking to works. One who talks of the excellence of our conftitution, at the very moment when-the conftitution is violated in all points ; one who has implicit belief in the parlia- mentary orators , who declare "that the " people do not pay enough for their cc happy government," while they are taxed at the rate of feve niecn Jbillings in the pound > and w j ho urge as a plea again ft furrendcring the lead part of the profits arifing from their finecures and penfions, that info doing, they would encourage a belief that the government was not worth fo much as was paid for it,* Great Britain at this day is the land of Flats. * Vide Mr. Montague's fprech on Mr. Harrifon's motion for appropriating a part of certain penfions and fiuecure places to parucular purposes. Moini;\g Foil, Wednesday April gth, 179.1- 46 PIG O T T ? S Flattery. A fort of ?bafe money, which has a vaft circulation in Courts. It cannot bedelcribed better than in the words of a modern author : CT Reverfing all the rules (( ofjuftice, and humanity, matured in the cc vile arts of adulation, at the fame time c< arrogant and overbearing, a courtier f< will turn his back on tranfcendant merit, < ( in the garb of modefly and misfortune ; <( while with fawning fmiles, he will cringe " at the heel of the moft deipicable folly f( or hideous defpotifm, if inverted with (< the f acred robes of royal impunity. rf The trade of courtiers is flattery : it having loft its object, Reafon POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 47 ff On commence par etre dupe, on finit par ctre Fripon." <( We begin fey being dupes, and finifh by being knaves." As this is too often the cafe, an honed man had better be content in any ilation, POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 51 than embark on the dangerous ocean of PLAY. The French Republic have abo- lifhed lotteries, and enacted fevere laws againft^axg/ffg. But the French are Atheifts> and what is much worfe, they are REPUB- LICANS. Garni/b. When a poor prifoner is com- mitted to gaol, he fares but rudely, unlefs he tips the turnkeys and the gaoler their garnijh> which is the cant word for money on thefe occalions. This garnijfh produces miraculous effects; it ftr ikes off the hea- vieft irons from the leg of the MURDERER ; while, for want of it, the limbs of the IN- NOC E N T are ofren loaded therewith. Gar- ni/b is a word perfectly well underflood in all our courts of law, and although rather in the flajb vulgar ftyle, it is not altoge- ther unknown in more, polite and imma- culate courts. For a further illuflration of this word, confult Meffrs. Haftings, Loughborough, Harry Dundas, Mad. Schwellenbergen, Charlotte, &c. &c. Garter (order of the). The pride of modern nations converts even the play- thing of an infant into an object of glory and emulation. The Englifh triumphantly 2 PIGOTT'S boaft that their Kings never wore any fo- reign order, while many foreign Kings and eight Emperors, have been decorated with the GARTER. Virtuous exultation ! But the free nations of antiquity were not vain of the vanity of others. The Greek and Roman commonwealths fixed their af- fect ions on different objects. We have in England right honourable and noble Garters of various colours ; but the blue, which, by way of preference, we call THE Garter, is reckoned the prettieft; and my Lord will at any time give up the green, or the red, to get at the BLUE, which makes him the bappieft of men; and is con- fideredby this GREAT Nation, as the ulti- matum of GREATNESS : if, therefore he be not fpeedily prefented with a ribband for his neck, of a coarjer grain, we may expect to fee ur heaven-born Miniiler inverted with the Garter. In cither cafe, he will be exalted. Government. An universal contract, the object of which is the happinefs ot a date, for whofe benefit it was formed. Whenever the object is not attained, it is natural, lawful, and right to alter the government, and the only competent judges POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 53 in thefe cafes are the people themfelvcs, who, while they enjoy plenty, fecurity, and freedom, will neceffarily fupport the fyftem which enfurcs to them thofe blef- iings, and who, by a parity of reafoning, w r ill murmur and complain, and, at length refill, when they find themfelves opprcf- fed by fumptuary and fanguinary laws, and borne down by a weight of taxation, that I renders all their induftry and labour fruit- lefs. ff That government isbeft which the peo- <( pie think fo, and they not /, arc the na- <( tural, lawful and competent judges of f this matter." Burkejs Thoughts on the Caufe oftheprefent Difcontents. Economy is the wifeft principle of all virtuous governments. \Vhenever we per- ceive a departure from this principle, and a nation providing luxuriously for myriads of penfioners and placemen, by exorbitant falaries, and when we hear thofe minions afTerting their well earned claims (which conlift merely in the fawning fycophancy of courtiers) to thofe falaries, boafling of them as a reward conferred on thzirjervites by the left of 'princes ; the old hackneyed language of peniioned Haves,) although 54 P I G O T T'S it be from the pockets of a Jlarving people y and not from the overflowing treafures of this BEST OF PRINCES, that the payment is extorted; when we witncfs thefe GEN- TRY refilling to yield up the fmalleft part of their finecures and douceurs towards the expence of the war, in which they have involved thofe who are fuffering the moil grievoufly and innocently from it, and when we behold the lethargy of the people, under all the bitter calamities that have been thus wantonly and barbarouily in- flicted on them, tamely fubmitting to the provoking arrogance, and glaring faifhoods with which they are iniulted, we may fafely fay that both the govern- ment and the people have reached the acme of degeneracy and corruption ; but as evil governments, in the firft inflance, corrupt the morals of the nation, fo by ex- cefs of their corruptions, is a nation finally regenerated. So it was in France : So it will be in England. In monarchical flates, the art of govern- ment generally confifts in taking as much money as poflible from one clafs of citi- zens, in order to befrow it on another clafs ; and what ought to be very POLITICAL DICTIONARY- 55 inftead of taking it from tht rich, to im- , prove the condition of the poor, it is ex- ! torted from the poor, to pamper the lux- ; uries f the rich. For proof of this affer- tion, confult thehiftory of our civil lift. There are in print many more books on government, than there are princes on the earth, yet with three or four thoufand volumes on the fubject, kings flill appear mainly ignorant of their duties, altogether unfkilled in the art of governing man- kind. The maxim in kingly governments, cf that kings can do no wrong," feems to be borrowed from the fcriptures. PufFen- dorff obferves that David having fworn not to attempt the life of Sbimci his privy conn-feller y did not violate his oath, when [according to Jewifh tradition,] he or- dered his fon Solomon to put Shimci to death, becaufe David had only fworn that he bim/elf would not kill Shimci. Puff. book IV. ch. XI. art. XIII. PuffendorfF, by approving this conduct in the Lord's anointed, fanctions an exam- ple, that will not be much to the tafie of RIVY COUNSE-LLORS. are merely theeifecls of egua- (r liiy, good proportion, correfpondence ; <( fo that equality, that bugbear to arifto- (f cracy and kings, and correfpondence, <( are the' caufes of harmony." Lord Ba- ^ Harmony. TlBjkpajority of both Houfes of Parliamen^^^The Combined Pow- ers 1 The Court of Jufticiary in Scotland. Harveft. The ieafon of reaping the fruits cf the earth. A good or a bad har- ieft y according to the conftitution of mo- narchical governments, has very little ef- fect on the price of provifions. In the moil plentiful feafons, the price is (till POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 65 kept up ; prodigal landlords rack their tenants, and thus the people derive no be- nefit from the bounty of Heaven. The rich devour that barveft which the poor man's labour procures. Harvcft. A plentiful crop of taxes well got in. Hafte. Hurry ; precipitation. This \vord cannot be better explained, than by a reference to the Dunkirk hero and hu army at the liege of Dunkirk, and on fun- dry other occaiions. Haugbtinefs. Ourimmaculate minifter ; Lord Mansfield ; Lord Loughborougli ; and the devil. Havock. Defolation ; llaughter. KINGS cry havoc k (t Ate by their lide repeats the found, and C( lets looie the dogs of war." SHAKESPEARE. <{ See ! with what heat thofe DOGS OF HELL advance, t To waile and havock yonder world, which I f( So fair and good created." MILTON'S PARADISE LOST, Book II. Hazard. The conquer! of rrancc. Heaven. The beft definition of ibis \vord, is the confjierrce of a virtuous 1111 1 66 PIGOTT'S Heaven-lorn. The molt infamous of mankind. Heir. One who, according to the wife laws of primogeniture, is to inherit all his father's pofTefTions, to the detriment of his other relations, although he be polluted by every vice, and they endowed with every virtue. Thus, monilers have inherited dominions, and become the fcoirrge of the human race ; and thus mankind will con- tinue to be tyrannized over, and to be mi- ferable, till they have courage and wif- dorn to unite, to make off the yoke, and get rid at once of all thofe barbarous pre- judices and prepofterous cuftoms, that have fo long poifoned their exiftence. [Swift obfeives, that heirs to titles and large eftates have a weaknefs in their eyes y and a tendernefs in their conjUtution.^ Hell. A place of torment ; where there Is neither liberty of fpeech, nor liberty of thought, nor liberty of aclion ; where men can be imprifoned at the will of a minif- ter, without ever being brought to trial ; where the rich exult, and riot at the ex- pence of the poor ; where vice triumphs, profligacy prevails, and war, taxes, and de- iolation are the cc-.tfolatiwis of the people. POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 67 Hell. The confcience of a TYRANT. REX, TYRANNUS. Hemp. A plant with which they make ropes. Never did the cultivation of hemp deferve more encouragement than in the year of our Lord 1794, when the horrible crimes of ariftocracy feem to be preparing punifhments that will require a vaft con- fumption of the above falu tar y vegetable. The guillotine is not yet introduced into England. Heraldry. A fubflitute for virtue, ho- nour and integrity. Hereditary. Worfe and worfe. The claim of folly ; the boaft of infamy ; and the pride of vice. Hercfy. An abjuration of nonfenfe and fuperftition. Hcrefy. The rights of man, and the promulgation of truth. Hero (Young.) A young prince, with- out fenfe, without knowledge, and with- out virtue, who commands armres, under the direction of fome officer of (kill and experience. Hero. This word, in its literal fenfc, fignifks a perfon eminent for bravery and 68 PIG virtue. According to the modern reading in England, it fignifies a young prince, from the ftevvs of debauchery and excef- five diflipation, inverted in an inftant with the command of numerous armies, which he directs at pleafure, without ever expof- ing his own precious perfon within four miles diftance of the leafl danger. The city of Valenciennes furrendered to the va- lour of the renowned Dunkirk hero> while it is a notorious facl:, that this fame PRU- DENT commander was never within five miles of the place during the whole time oftheiiege. The beroifm of this illuftri- ous Chief may be more ieverely tried be- fore he arrives at Paris ; an expedition \vhich he appears to have fo dearly at heart. His magnanimous uncle, the Duke of Brunfwick, threatened in like manner ; but neither was that veteran HERO up to the atckievement. Paris ftill holds their HEROISM in mockery and defiance, not- \vithftanding the brilliant and UNSOUGHT advantage obtained by the furrender of Landrecics. Hanover. From the year 1740 to 1756 it was a place not to be found in the map, a poor, pit if ul electorate ; but being the pa- POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 69 trimonial territory and the electoral do- minions of our Moft SERENE SOVEREIGN, mult be preferved as a mill-ftone about the neck of England, the ruin of our trea- fuiy, and the grave of Britons. Thus happy are we incur German connections. Hero. The great Duke of York; Phi- lip Artley, Efq. of Hercules-hall, Lam- beth, Marfhal Freytag, Prince of Saxe- Cobourg, the Prince of Orange and Ge- neral Paoli. Hesitation. (e Intermiffion of fpeech." Johnfon. Squire Rolle and Squire Drake, whenever they rife. to fpeak in the Houfe of Commons, afford a tolerable idea of he fit at ion. Hiccius Doccius. A cant word for a juggler in any ftation. Juftice Mainuar- ing is an biccius doccius. " An old dull fool, who told the clock <( For many years at Bridewell-dock, " At IVeftminflcr and HICK'S HALL, <( And biccius doccius played in all ; ff Where, in all governments and times, " He'd been both friend and foe to crimes.'' HUDIBRAS. Hideous. The countenance of William Pitt, 70 PIGOTT'S Hierarchy. An ecclefiaftical cftablifh- ment, whofe principles art pomp, fplendour and revenue. Jefus Chrift., the Founder of ourreligioa, on the contrary, preached poverty, humility^ equality. Chriftian Bi- fhops delight and revel in wealth and pa- laces, yet, departing fo wide from its max- ims, they are infolent enough to uphold the excellence and orthodoxy of the Chrif- lian fyftera. Aa invention of pricft craft, which united with flat 'e '-craft helps to daz- zle and cnflave the unhappy, deluded people. Hint. Infinuation ; gentle fuggeftioii. Hints are often as iignificant and expref- iive as downright plain fpeaking, arad pro- duce the fame erTecl-. Sometimes indeed they fail. The combined powers have re- ceived pretty broad hints, how mad and defperate is it t attempt the conquefl of France. " But in blood they are jufl and necef- Jary war ! and to oppofe every fpecies of reform. Loyalty (true.) Extends to one's coun- try as \ve)l as to the prince ; and to oppofe tyranny is no breach of loyalty, but an ef- fcntial branch of it. LOYALTY (as the very word imports) is fuch an attachment to both king and people, as is founded on the laws ; and a hair's-breadth beyond law, true loyalty does not go. AUG. TOPLADY. Luxury. Profuiion, debauchery ; Carl- ton-Houfe. M. Madnefs. In political life, an over- heated brain with difappointcd ambition. It has lately appeared in diflempered rav- ings againfl the French, in vehement gefticulation, in throwing down a dagger in the midit of an imtemperate fpeech, and in writing books full of obfcurity and myfticifm, filled with extravagant fictions and falfe rhetoric. The cafe of one Ed- mund Burke, who has been lately afflicted with this difeafe, will illuftrate the ordi- nary phenomenon of this mania. Seethe POLITICAL DICTIONARY. Sj lift of patients, moft of them incurables, in the hiftory of St. Stephen's Hofpitai 'Tis the time's plague when madmen lead the blind. SHAKE s P E AR E. Magna Chart a. An idle word, IDLY made ufe of by the populace, fignifying a, natural right of being governed by juft laws, equally diflributed, which they con- ftantly luffer to be trampled on, and an in- herent claim to the pofleffionof thofe pri- vileges which they have neither fenfe or fpirit enough to poiTefs. Majefty. This word once fignified greatnefs of mind ; but fincc it has been ufed as a title for kings, it has of courfe acquired a contrary interpretation. It is indifcriminately applied to a Trajan and a Louis ; a Harry the Fourth of France and a George the Third of England. Majority. The cattle belonging to the miniflry ; or, in other words, a Fet of men whole bufinefs it is to plunder the nation, .under pretext of reprefenting it. The greater part of them, during a debate, are lounging about the lobbies, or dining at Beverley's. When the harangues are over they are fummoned by their keeper, and ranged in the order in which he wifhes 86 p i them to be placed. Some of them are in a profound fleep at their own houfes when, they are obliged to attend a divifion upon war and peace, or fome other folemn and important queflion ; and, having perform- ed their legiflative functions, with uiv buttoned breeches and ungartere.d hofe, they return as expeditioufly as poflible to their beds. But there are always fome \vho fit in the Houfe to utter cc hear him/' as loud as they can bawl, when the minif- ter or Lord Mornington is making a drow- fy fpeech. This tribe has been augmented iince the rife of the new feel: of Alarmiils. See Alarmijls. Malcontent. A hog that is fhut out of its ilye on a frofty night, and who grunt's to be let in. Malcontents. The greater part of this nation ; confining of the laborious poor, from whom the earnings of impoverifhed induflry are fqueezed and torn, for the fup- port of our happy Conftitution, the pride of the world ! the envy of furrounding nations ! &c. &c. Malefactors. Either in Parliament, or on the high way. The former are fuppofed to belong to a more dignified clafs than POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 87 the latter. The difference in their for- tunes is very great ; the one clafs is ele- vated to places at court, and rewarded ; with penfions ; the other is elevated to the gibbet, and rewarded with a rope. Malevolence. A new figure of rhetoric, introduced by Mr. Pitt into his fpeeches. Man. A degenerate, degraded animal; the victim of kings, priefts, and courtiers. Born to be free, yet content to be a flave. Homo eft duplex animal, fay the old fchool men. When he is independant and free, he is the nobleft work of the creation, the image of his Maker ; but when he is a fub- jecl to monarchs, and duped by their mi- riifters, he is the vileft wretch that crawls upon the earth. When he ftarts from op- preilion, and breaks his chain, he prefents an awful and fublime fpediacle, on which the gods might look with pleafure ; but finking into ignorance and llavery, he is the fcorn, the difgrace, and the derifionof every clafs of animated beings. Manage. To hood-wink and deceive. <( Let us alone, and we will manage JOHN < BULL, I'll warrant you." SWIFT'S Mifcellanies. Hilt, of John Bull. S3 PIGOTT'S Mangy. Applied to dogs infe-flcd with the mange ; and metaphorically to the Houfc of Commons. Manifejlo. A kind of compofltion in which bullying generals and lying minif- ters excel. The Duke of Brunfwick threat- ened to put all the Parifians to fire and the fword ; and he gave the French notice of it by means of his celebrated manifeilo, But, owing probably to the badnefs of the roads, as well as other unavoidable acci- dents, his Serene Highnefs, after having proceeded part of the way, was under the neceflity of poftponing his journey. Manifejlo. An aflemblage of lies and deceit, ufed by crowned villains and their military flaves to juftify their ufurpations, injuftice, and treachery. That which was publifned by the duke of Brunfwick, in the names of the Emperor and the King of PrufTia, exceeds by far every thing of the kind. If the ancient chiefs of the HUNS and VANDALS had known how to write, they would have preceded their invafions by manifeflos lefs barbarous and inhuman, and lefs abfurd. Manufacturers. According to the de- finition of the minifter, a difcontented fet POLITICAL DICTIONARY. $9 of men, who, being infected with fedition and Jacobinifm, clamor againft a juft and neceifary war, becaufe it deprives them of their trade, and ftarves their families ! March. A military movement ; at fomc times quicker than others. When the Duke of York marched from Dunkirk, the pace of his army was what the coachmen y ould call ff the long trot." Market. Of two kinds; r. fuchasthat in Co vent-Garden ; 2. fuch as that in the Houfe of Commons. In the one are fold fruit, vegetables, &c. in the other, men, conferences, integrity, and other articles cf fmall value. Martyr (a bleffed.) A perjured prince, who broke his coronation oath in the molt material of all points ; governed without a Parliament ; imprifoned his fubjecls for re fu ling to lend him money ; commenced a falfe, Villainous profecution for high treafon agaiaft a moil deferving nobleman (the Earl of Briftol;) reduced his people to the dreadful necellity of taking up arms in their own defence ; and by his ihame- ful diflimulation when he was abut to be reftored, left it utterly impolTible to con- fide in his honour, his humanity, or his 90 PISOTT'S oath, but drove the principal officers of the adverfe party, in their own defence, to lit in trial upon, and fentence him to death. Truly, a very blefTed martyr I Had this princ been a private man, who would have dared to fay a word in his de- fence ? Majk (of Religion.) Worn by Sir Ri- chard Hill, Thornton, and Wilberforce. Mercy (of the law.) See the fentences of Muir, Palmer, &c. Concealing the murderers of young Allen, in St. George's Fields ; the pardon of Balf and Macquirck for the murder of Mr. Clark at' Brentford, becaufe he polled againft the miniilerial leech ; pardoning the two Kennedys, be- caufe their fifter was a proflitute to a pam- pered tided flave. Merit. Out of fafhion at court ; an ob- folete word ; and when met feldom re- warded, and almofl univerfally shunned. Metapbyfics. A confufion of the brain ; Mr. Wyndham is a metaphyfician. , Military profejjion. The firfl of all pro- feflions in a free country, but the moft defpicable one in all that are othervvife. Million. A (mail numerical flgn in po- litical calculation. Thus, to give the king POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 9! of Sardinia twenty-five millions flerling is to give merely a trifle, to the fupport of the jnft and neceffary war! r l'o talk of ex- tirpating twenty-five millions of French- men is to talk of a very eafy and practica- ble experiment. Minion. A courtier ; a buffoon ; a dependant ; Henry Dundas ; Jenkin- ion, &c. The drowfy Tyrant, by his minions led. Devotes to kingly rage the patriot head. SWIFT. Minfftcr. A word that comprehends all that imagination can conceive of the corrupt, the treacherous, the cruel, the vindictive, and the oppreflive ; all that is calculated to make human nature hang down its head with forrow and \vith mame. Miniflers, as Bolingbroke calls them, (( are die corrupt engrofTers of delegated Cf authority." They muft be fervile, and compliant with every humour and caprice of the fovereign, and they mud learn to dcfpife the rights, and undermine the pri- vileges, of the People. If they can do this as Pitt has done, after having cajoled them with dcluiive promifes and expectations, they (land a furer chance of obcaining the <^2 f I royal patronage and favour ; and to add cruelty to perfidy, arrogance to oppreffi'on and infolence to folly, is the poliihed per- fection of the minifterial character. Wai- pole was once thought to be too corrupt for a minifter ; but were fuch a man as Walpole to fucceed Pitt, the utmoft cor- ruption of which Walpole was capable would be innocence and purity itfelf com- pared to the black and deteftable policy, the tricks, the bafenefs, and the low cun- ning, of his predeceiTor. Minifter. I do not know how it is, but I never liked a minifter in all my days. Our friends Oxford and Bolingbroke I had a lincerc value for in their private fla- tions, but in their public capacities I looked upon them both as little better than a couple of rafcals. In fad, I be- lieve it impoilible for any minifter to be an honeft man : there are fifty thoufand trap-doors, from the very nature of his office, ia which it is next to iunpoflible but his integrity muft tumble. All winiflers, iis well as all priefls, are the fame. SWIFT to POPE. Mitre. An emblem of fervility, fuper- Aition, and bigotry. Sec Bifeops. POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 93 Mob (Church and King.) A fpecies of regular militia, kept in pay by the mi- niftry,for the protection of propertyagainfl Levellers and Republicans. Some writ- ers fuppofe that they arc a conflituted tribunal, to take a fort of fummary cogni- zance on Jacobins, Diilenters, and Pref- byterians ; and that they form an impor- tant part of our happy Conftitution. They were very ferviceable at Birmingham, Manchcfter, and other places ; and they are, without doubt, the mo ft loyal portion of his Majefly's fubjects. Monarch. A word which in a few y^ars is likely to be obfoletc. It fignines a man, who is begotten by another man, to rule over millions of his fellow-creatures ; to trample upon their necks, and to build his own aggrandifement on the mifcry and degradation of his fubjecls. They are al- ways the mod unhappy and miferabie men of the community ; and at the fame time the weakeft and the molt wicked. The office is growing into difrepute, and man- kind are daily feeing the inconvenience and folly of keeping up an humbug, which is at once ridiculous and pernicious, op- prelRvc and contemptible. We have al- 94 PIGOTT'S , lowed them for a confiderable time cc to Corruption, &c. Monarchy. Though monarchies may d if- fer a good deal, kings differ very little. Thofe who are abfolute defire to continue fo ; and thofe who are not endeavour to become fo ; hence the fame maxirn in all courts. CHESTERFIELD. Multitude. All fwine, according to the natural hiftory of kings and nobles. Multitude (Siximjb.) Vid. People. Murder. See lVar y &c, &c. My (pronoun.) poffeffive, if expref- fing the property ; as when we fay, MY PEOPLE ! my horfe / MY KINGDOM ! my lands. N. Nab. To nab a cull is a modern vulgar, though technical term, in the new-invent- ed fyflcm of crimping, iignifying, to POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 95 kidnap for the military fervice any young man who is imprudent enough after dark to frequent- the infernal flews and brothel- houfes, with which the well-policed me- tropolis abounds. Nadir (of adverfity.) In the political world, means that miferable ftate we have been in ever fince the year 1760, anterior to which period we were comparatively in the zenith of prof peri ty. Ncenia. The goddefs of funerals. The laft funeral me attended was at the death of Liberty. She died unlamented ; and Mr. Burke was the undertaker employed. Naiffarit. In political heraldry, is ap- plied to a Tyrant 's head, which is fcen if- iuing out of the midft of Britannia's coat of arms. Under it is G. R. Nakednefs of the Land. To be feen to great advantage any where in Great Bri- tain, efpecially in work-houfes, houfes of indufhy, and in all manufacturing towns fince the war. f< To fee the nakednefs of f< the land ait thou come." HOLY BIBLE. Name. When applied to great men, means fame, renown. Thus George III. and Dionyiius, Burke and Thomas Paine, j Pitt and Robefpicrre, Bifhop Horfley and I iQiop Bonner. have all got nam es. 96 P I G O T T ' S Namslefs. Th^ good deeds of George, Pitt, Dundas, and their myrmidons the clergy. Nap. A political (lumber, which John Bull is continually afflicted with. Narcotic. Producing torpor and inac- tion. OppreiTive proclamations, gold duft, and leaden bullets, are very ftrong narcotics, according to the new political pharmacopoeia. Narrow-minded. See Houfe of Hanover. Nation. A collective term, arbitrarily ufed for a fmall number of people, who againftthe confcnt of a large number, agree to fubmit themfelves and their pofterity for ever, to the unlimited and uncontroul- cd tyranny of one man. National Debt. Three hundred and thirty-one millions of pounds flerling, which isincreafing everyday, and with it, as we are told, ourhappinefsandprofperity. To give fome idea of this f um, if it was laid down in guineas clofe together in a line, it would extend upwards of fix thoufand miles in length. If it was laid down in millings it would extend upwards of five times round the world, and would require fe verity thoufand horfes to draw POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 9.7 it, at the rate of fifteen hundred weight ach horfe. Natural Enemies (to England.) A na- tion that governs itfelf without a king, upon the principles of honour, virtue and eternal juftice. Nave of a wheel. The mod efTential parts of the political wheel. Thus the King, Lords, and Commons are all naves. Navy. A floating hell, confifting of an afiembly of huge, unwieldy, wooden caflles, well ftored with artillery, gun- powder, chain fhot, cannon balls, grape ihot, bombs, hand-grenades, flugs, leaden bullets, fharp-angled pieces of iron, flints, Iglafs, old rufty nail?, falt-petre, brimflonc, jcombuftiblc canniftcrs, and every engine of deftruclion that will do execution. Molt of the failors who conduct and ma- nage thefc ufeful machines, are tojn by force from their wives and families, to a (fid monarchs in executing this only and uniVerfal objeft of their whole lives, viz. the extermination of the humin fpe- cics. Nebuchadnezzar. He was an hirfute king, and like other brute beads, ate grafs and potatoes, whence the name of potcn * F o8 p i o T T*S- rate (vide Lemon.) It is thought by phyiiclogifls, that it would greatly con- duce to the welfare of his people, if the king of Georgia was turned out to grafs. before the meeting of every feflion of Par- liament. NeceJJary War. A war carried on by* kings, againfl the liberty and happincfs o mankind. Neck. That {lender part that is fituated between the head and trunk of the body^ on which the gentle axe, and gentler guil- lotine, glided acrofs, and produced a Jo-, lution of continuity, in the perfons of the Tyrants Charles the Firil and Louis the Laft. extracted from the brows of the labouring poor. This bottle \va* POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 99 "kept in the Treafury ; and Mr, Windham, going there one day, very thirfiy, hazily opened the bottle fora draught of this pre- cious aqua-vitse. The and with a face fomewhat rcfembling the human. He is a biped, but clearly not a human being, as he is neither a Chriftian, nor can he talk Englifh. This animal is very ufeful in our fettlements in the Weft Indies, and admirably fupplies the place of horfes, affes, mules, and oxen, in cultivating the produce of thofe inclement iflands. The rlefh of their young is very white and ten,, der when fricafeed, which the planters in general prefer, for delicacy of flavour, to that of the adults, -which is rather tough and fibrous, from exeefs of labour and coarfediet. Neighbourly. To fubfidize Pruflia, Hol- land, Auftria, and the King of Sardinia. To giveflavery to the Poles, and to exter- minate the French. Nem. Con. Is applied when a motion or bill pafTes unanimoufly, and there can- not be found one honeft man to ftem the torrent of oppreflion, which flows from a royal fource, through the muddy, polluted channel of an arrogant minifter. Nero. A King during the American* war, there was publiihsd a caricature P G L I T I C A t 2>I t T.I -O N A, K ,V ;. I p I print of a reign ng tyrant; in frfer ha-ftrt'of a Sultan. Behold the man. ! The name of Nero has been proverbially applied to him, in common with other tyrants. Neft-egg. A fnug finecure place under Government, incapable of improvement by extortion and fraud ; fuch as Admiral of the Cinque Ports, 4Ooo/. a year. keeper of the King's Hawks, I374/. a year, &c. &;c. &c. too tedious and too dif graceful to mention, Nelbcrmoft Hell. The country feat of Loughborough, Dundas, Pitt, and the whole crew- of rafcals round the throne. Neu! nil Fewer -s. Thole iiates which do not perfbnally enter the theatre of Arar, but which promote this infernal trade by fecret plots, machinations and confpi- racies. See -the hiftory of the reign of George the Jaft; "What ! flab a man in ucre. Will the firm of thchrufe of Meflrs. Auflria, Pruf- fia, and Co. fatisfy the demands of their creditors ; or, where mufl they apply for a ftatute of bankruptcy ? POLITICAL DICTIONARY. Party. There ncvejr was any- party in which themoft ignorant were not the moil violent ; for a bee is not a bufier animal than a blockhead. However, fuch inflru- roents are neceilkry ;to politicians ; and perhaps it may be with dates as with clocks, which muft have fome dead weight hanging at them to help and regulate the motion of the finer and more ufeful parts. SWIFT. Parly Jury. Means, in law, a jury of h?*lf foreigners,,half natives ; in politi- cal practice, it means a Winterbotham jury, *****, *****, cetera defcunt. Pajlimc. The fport or amufernent by which fome kings are diverted ; as by ar- maments, battles, fieges, and mallacres. Patience. Is a virtue faid to belong peculiarly to cuckolds and to affcs, in com- pany with whom we with juilice may place the People of England. Patriot. Not the individual feeking perfonal emolument by temporary profef- fions, nor the oppoiitionift who votes the fupplies for the war he condemns. It is the man, " juftum &: propofiti tenax," wbo dares be bun?ft in the tuorft of times whom no threats can difcgurage ; whom ro temptatioa can fubdue ; who [canjbehoid Ii 6 PTGOTT'S ^he tide of popular opinion ebb and fic^ without a dereliction of principle ; who can,if called upon > facrifice even life it- fclf for the good of his country. Patriotifw. In the times oi thcRcmnns, it cpnlifted in iacnficing upon the altar? of the country all who \verc not P on tans under the name of Barbarians. Among the Engliib, it conilfts in. treating as enemies all who are not Lngliili, under the name of Foreigners. Patron. One \vho countenances the apCihite, protects the informer, and fup- ports the dependant ; whole patronage extends not to the friend of virtue, the oppofer of tyranny, or the lover of juf- tiee ; but, on the contrary, fecks to enrich the man \vho fells his country for a bribe, cr courts the wretch who difowns his principles for the pavilion of ambition- Peace. To a nation, is as contentment to an individual; it is a gentle imam running with fmooth and eafy current, fertilizing the land through v hichit iiows and enriching the country whofe labours have made it navigable ; it is the trunk of the vail oak, furniming made to the flocks, and food for the cattle ; it is fo ne- ceilary an ingredient in the mixture etna- POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 11^ tional happinefs, that without it no peo- ple can be flourifhing or virtuous any more than the rich individual can procure cafe without contentment, or happincf* without virtue. Pf acock. A fowl eminent for the beau- ty of his tail, and deformity of his voice ; in other words, a great parliamentary ora- tor, whofe volubility amufcs, but whofc arguments difpleafe, and whole arrogance difgufts. Peculator. A robber of the public mo- ney. Is not, however, the robber of pub- lic freedom equally deformed ; and the filcher of national reputation equally cul- pable. Who fteals my purfe (teals trafh ; 'Tis nought ; 'twas mine, 'twas his, And has been (lave to thoufands, But he that filches from me my good name; Steals that which nought enriches him. Bat makes me poor indeed. SHAKESPEARE.' Peerage. That hereditary body of mea to whom the public virtue, and national freedom are entruftcd. Thefc guardians f public liberty, thcfe political prieit*. 1 18 PIGOTT'S have indeed been the nomina rerum, the but- terflies of the hour. Thus, ********, of Commons' Houfc aftupid wretch, Whofe mind to A, B, C, can fcarccly ilretch, Has, by a monarch's all-creating \vord, Become a very decent lord. Peerage. In former days an honour con- ferred upon fuch as had rendered them- felves confpicuous for their merit, and eminent for their virtues; but in the more modern ages it has been, in general, the ulages of venality and corruption, and a diilmclion not to bepurchafedat a fmaller price than everlaihng infamy and dif-. grace. Peers. The generality of Peers, far from fupporting > themfelves in aftate of independent greatnefs, are but too apt to iall into an oblivion of their proper digni- ty, and to run headlong into an abjcdllcr- vitude. BURKE. Pfnfion. In England it is generally underilood to mean pay given to a flate hireling for treafon to his country. JOHNSON. POLITICAL DICTIONARY. I 19, Pen/ion. This word has been well de- fined by Addifon, to be Cf an allowance * ( made to any one without an equiva- lent." Had not penfions, as it were, obtained a fancdon by long and continued ufage, we fhould have decried the mea- fure as an abfurdlty ; and the man who fhould have propofed it, more fitted for the cells of Bedlam than the departments of the (late. It is however with civil abfur- dities as with religious ceremonies, whofe fetters are firfl made eafy by chaplets of rofes, and afterwards retained by prefcrip- tive rights. The time, indeed, may arrive when the ceremonies of the latter, and the abfurdities of the former, may moulder in- to dufl and be known only from the re- cording page of iiiftory. Penjioner. A Have of flate, hired by a ftipend to obey his mailer. JOHNSON. In Britain's Senate he a feat obtains, And one more Pevfioner St. Stephen's gains. POPE. Peofle. It is "he People which compofc the human fptxv.::. Ail which is not the G 1 2O P I C O T T ' S People, is of fo little confequence that it is not worth the trouble of counting. ROUSSEAU. People. The commonality ; the vulgar; the Sivinijb Multitude ; or whatever the enrolled race may, in their infinite goodnefs and mercy > be pleafed to term them. Permit. A final! piece of paper, for which at Harwich, you pay 13.*. 4^. to be divided between the twenty -Jour electors of that paltry borough, for the liberty of pairing and re-paffmg from thence to Helvcetlluys. Pcrjeculion. We refervc this defini- tion until we can colleft the experienced authorities of Eaton, Winterbotham, Muir, and Palmer. We promife its ap- pearance in the next edition of this Dic- tionary. Perspicuity. We refer our readers to a vorkjufl publifbed by Sir James Murray, compofed in Flinders ; fpecimens of which may be feen in fome Extraordinary Gazettes. Petition. A form of prayer, unprofit- able, inconvenient and ufelefs, when di- reded from the people to the miniftcr; but fure, certain, and infallible, when in POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 121 the form of a parliamentary acl it requcfts money from the nation. Pillory. A very forcible argument, ufed by men in power to divert the atten- tion, and refcue the imagination from the abfurd and dreadful notion f a Parlia- mentary Reform. Placeman. Mr. Pitt, and his heaven-* born family, Mr. Rofe, Henry Dundas > and others. A heavenly, diiinterefted, and honourable ad m migration ! Quere~ Is it the king that has made them rogues, or they who have made the king a ? Pluralift. The man who, under the facrcd name cf religion, contrives to gain from the farmer his produce ; to pil- lage mankind of their reafoa ; and to plun- der from the Hate its religious liberty. Poet Laureat. One who takes the place of buffoon, orfvol in moft courts in Eu- rope,. Police. The art of erecting military lafiillts i. e. I arracks, in every county in the kingdom. Poor. Both in fpirit and in purfc, the People of England. Ptor. Self-evident ; fcarch your own purfc, _.and look round and fee. 122 PIGOTT'S Popularity. The means by which Pitt got into power ; /. e. the reforming of Parliament, and deftroying abufes ; but, his turn ferved, the apoflate is difcovcred, and who hitherto attempts to delude and deceive by averting that this is not a pro- per time, nor that a proper time ; in fhort, no time is proper whilil he is in adminif- tration. \Popularity. The heaven-born mmifler, and a hanging thief. Power (arbitrary). Where any one per- fon or body of men, who do not reprefent the whole, feize into their hands the power in the laft refort, there is properly no longer a government, but what Arif- totle and his followers call the abufe and corruption of one. I look upon Arbitrary Power as a greater evil than Anarchy it- felf ; as much as a favage is a happier ilatc of life' than a flave at the oar. Whoever argues in defence of abfolute power in a iinglc perfon, ought in all free ftates to be treated as the common enemy of man- kind. SWIFT. Precedent. A kind of argument, which \vc mufl not confound with c^am^lc.^ PRECEDENT is only brought in proof no POLITICAL DICTIONARY. favour the claims and intcrefl of kings, miniflers, and the privileged clalfes. It is abfolutely infignificant, and of no force, when the maintaining or recovering the Rights of the People is in queftion. This is what diftinguimes^mY^fl/ from exam* pie, which applies equally to all. Prejudice (National). Is the moft com- jrnon, and the moft allowable of all devia- itions from juftice ; it is a near,- though Jan illegitimate, relation of patriotifm. Prerogative (a regard for the royal). A worn-out pretence to infringe upon the laws, and a glaring deiign upon the pri- vileges of the people. Prefs (the). Formerly the palladium of Englifh Liberty ; what it is at pre- fent let facts declare. Mr. Holt, of New- ark, in the year 1793, was tried, convicted and imprifoncd, for re-printing the Duke of Richmond's Letter to Col. Sharman, and Mr. Pitt's Refolutions in the year 1782. tempera, mores ! Prefs (licentioufncfs of the). The candid method of representing the fufTerings of the kingdom, and the fpccdkfl means of having them redrcfied. f 24 !> i e o T T ' $ Prince. A being nurfed by Luxury reared by Affluence, educated by Flattery, and degraded by Servility. Princes. In their infancy, childhood, and youth, are faid to difcovcr prodigious parts and wit. Strange, fo many hope- ful princes, fo many mameful kings 1 If they happen to die young, they are pro- digies of wifdam and virtue ; if they live, they are often prodigies indeed, but of another fort. SWIFT. Prifoner. Among others, the man who, originally indebted a few millings, fhall, by the villainy of attorneys, and chicanery of law, fpend in the gloomy ceil thofe years that might have been con- fbling to his family, and ufcful to his country. Proclamation. A fuppofed letter from the king to his People, in which they arc informed when they are happy, and by which they learn an increafe of taxes to t>can accumulation of comfort. Prudence and CEconowy. An increafe of taxes at the conclufion of an cxpenfivc war; and lavifhing that treafure upon profligate favourites which fhould be ap- plied to chfcharge the public debts of the nation, POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 125 . Qualification. Implies frequently, the quantum of money neceflary for a rcpre- fentative in Parliament to polTefs, before he fhall be fuppofed to have fufficienc knowledge to give his aye or no upon the weighty affairs of the nation. Quarrel. In political affairs, cleans nothing more than the deiire of two po- tentates to try each other's force ; a fyf- tem perfectly rational, and freely confid- ent with that which gave it birth ! Qiteen. The poor wife oi a king, whe miierably hoards up riches , and counts her gold, guinea for guinea, with the ava- ricious, covetous mifer herhuiband ; who is greatly belied if me ever did a generous or meritorious acl-in her whole life; and, for the blefling of the nation, has contri- buted all in her power to make a bad thing good for nothing. Quorum. A bench of JufHces ; who afTenible at fornc hall, or fomc inn, to do juftice; and there pafs orders to convey a man, his wife, and twelve children, two hundred miles off, becaufe he was not born, or ferved apprenticeship, in this town, although he is ellecmed the beft T26 f I G O T T * ft "workman, and bears the befl of charade r, under the apprehenfion that he or his fa- mily may become chargeable to the pa- rifh ! O MAN ! ARE THESE LAWS JUST ? Or to fcntcncc a man to tranfportation, ur fine, or, from inability of payment, to imprifonment, for having knocked down a hare which was devouring his cabbages in his garden ; or fining a man ten pounds, for not being worth a hundred a year, and for carrying a gun without a licence I R Ralllr. An afiembly of low-bred, vul- gar, and riotous people; other-wife the Swinifo Multitude, fo called by St. Ed- mund, becaufe they dare to grunt their grievances even at the fo$t of the throne. The Engliih rabble, when once roufed, are very faucy and unmanageable, but they have the remarkable quality of the mo ft paflivc forbearance, as it is not a lit- tle will difturb their (lumbers, Sincere, plain-heartedj hofpitable, Yet like the muftcring thunder when provrk'd ;, TJie, clrcad of Tyrants, and the iolc rtlource Of thole that under grim opprellion gruan. Rack. An engine of torture, commo- ^ioully fitted up with cords, pincers, flclh- POLITIC A* I, DICTIONARY. hooks, &c. &c, ufed chiefly for extorting confefiion from innocent men. la Eng- land the rack has been out of life ever lince the mild reign of Tyrant Elizabeth^ but, it is reported, has been propofed in, the Cabinet Council to be renewed for the accommodation of the Jacobines of the prcfent day. It was introduced here by a duke of Exeter A in the reign of Tyrant Henry VI. and has from that circum- Itance, been called, ilovve thouiands of mc-n : and the piracc \vho \vas bold enough to compare himfeU" to ALEXANDER, regarded the difference as nothing. Yet hiltory, both ancient and modern, proves it fufficient to render ROBBERY infamous and diihonburable, ^whilft CONQUEST is held both lawful and glorious. Rope. In revolutions, an article ia great demand among the canaille, or Swi- nifli Multitude, when great men are put in a. -ft ate of requifition, by a few moments on from their titles aad honour. Hi 13$ PIGOTT'S Rofe (red and white). By way of dif~ tinclion between two factions, who delug- ed this country with blood through a fc- ries of above thirty years, in order to cfta- blifii a permanence of tyranny on the throne. The houfe of York had for its badge a white rofe; that of Lancaftcr a red one. They were both emuloufly re- vengeful, cruel, unjuft, ambitious, and bloody minded. As each in turn got the aiccndant, the fcafTold was the fource of a constant and never-failing ftream of blood and there were alternately attainders in every noble family in the kingdom, which were as frequently reverfed. The remote caufe of all this blood-med \vas Tyrant Henry IV. furnamcd Bolingbroke, who cepofed, and then murdered, Tyrant Richard II. Rcyuu/t. Among the ignorant part of mankind, iignifies a perfon attached to rc- f al government ; among artful courtiers It is a veil for their own ariflocracy. Royalty. The curfe of God Almighty in!his wrath to man. Where this office ex ids, the whole country is pale, iickly, and unfruitful. The poor lueklefs inha- bitant* ndfcrable, melancholy, and almcft POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 1 39 mad with defpair. Emaciated through hunger, fpiritlcfs through fubjcction., and depraved to the mmoft pofiible, by mimicking the abandoned profligacy of the court. See England. Rtiftic. The poor labourer, who toils all the live long day, to procure, by the fweat of his brow, enjoyment for another. He tills the ground, and fows the feed, but another comes to reap the harvefr. He ismockcdwith the beautiful profufeneft of nature ; but denied to partake of her bounties. He cultivates her flowers, but cannot fhare her fruits. Great God ! if this is ever tolie the fiate of man on earth, happy had it been had he never been born ! S , Salbath. A day appointed by Chriftians (from the Jews) for public worfhip, which is employed in works of piety, inftead of works of labour. This heb iomcdal fit of devotion among chriftians returns regularly every Sunday, when they dif- charge in whining prayers and difcord- ant hymns, the accumulation of the week, and empty themft Ivcs in copious evacua- tion, much in the fame ncccfTarv manner 1 40 ? I G Q T T * S that a gormandizing alderman does after a fcaft. In different parts of England, va- rious ways are adopted of cxp re fling to the Creator, the devotional fervor of the peo- ple. In the metropolis the city apprenti- ces, journeymen, and their mailers gene- rally pay their tribute of adoration, in a fhilling ordinary at Hackney, or fome other neighbouring village, a row in aboat to Putney, or at the Dog and Duck. The .higher orders of lociety, in a ride in Hyde Park in the morning, and at a gaming-table in the afternoon. In the country, the athletic villages generally e igage in a game of cricket, trap-bal^ or long fives, and the boys arruife them- ielves at marbles, or at tol's halfpenny on a :omb-ftone in the church-yard. In rhc churches you wjll find a few old bachelors, old maids and. other poor deluded wretches (who think to atone for the fins of a whole life, by going to church twice in one day in the week, and cheating all they can the other fix) lillening wich open mouth to the dogmas of an illiterate prieft, who is bound apprentice to Impli- cit Faith, Efq. a wholefile merchant both ia religion and politics ; and afterwards- POLITICAL DICTIONARY. bccomcs'an #/;; partner in the extenfive commercial houie of Mcffra, Superstition, Fraud, Flypocrify and Co. Sacerdotal. Belonging to the pricfr-- hood. A generic term for the molt abo- minable vices, the.rnoft confummatc de- pravity, and the moil bloated corruption that cither the mind or body h capable of. Sec Les Crimes dcs Papcs. Sack. To fack a city, is when it it taken by ftorm, and left to the ravages | land indifcriminate plundering of the fol- dicry, and ;w hen the fair fcx is not treated tv'ith that decency and decorum which is ever due to it. At the recapture of Tou- lon by the French, an Englifh lady of virtue, very coolly went up to a French officer, and as ccmpofedly alked him* Cf Pray, Sir, can you tell me when th *' ravifhing begins ?*' Sack-cloth. Is a kind of pfcklirig fiiift, which is impofed on the backs of fir ful heretics who impioufly attempt to relift the unlimited authority of the prieft, over all their thoughts, wordsj and actions. The Jews (iifl wore them by way of mortification of the ffjb, and after them, P I G O T T * S thofe who follow the religion of the Whore of Babylon at Rome. Sacrament. The Eucharifr., the holy Communion, the celebration of the Lords-! Supper, which generally takes place about eleven or twelve o'clock in the morning, \vhen (according to the doclrine of the Romifh or Popifh church) the pricfl (in a manner worthy of Breflaw, Hymen Pala- tine, Katterfelto, or of any other moft ac- complifhed conjuror) after muttering a, rnyftical abracadabra of Dog- Latin, adtu- ally changes a piece of half-baked dough, and a bottle of good old port, into the real body and blood of Chrift ! Sacred. Exciufively every word which comes out of the mouth of that infallible, though human being, called a pricft. Sacrifice. Any thing which is offered up to heaven, by way of Haying the rage of the Deity again ft finners; MANDEVILLE. In modern times, human facrificei have been ufed by pious princes, inftead of thole of the brute creation ; and feme faith- POLITICAL DICTIONARY. I4J fill generals, obedient to the mandates of their truly Chriftian mailers, have facrificed twenty and thirty thoufand human beings in a day ; which plainly (hews that they have always the fear of God before their eyes. Sacrilege. To deprive God's vicege- rents here on earth, the clergy, of a tittle of their pofleflions would be facrilcge ; ff they toil not, neither do they fpin," but they do much more, they provide for us eternal falvation, in a fnug birth in the other world, merely by a word or two, fpoke in a canting drant, and with thole additi- onal and irrefiftible pleaders in favour of their petition, " the lifted whites of both " their eyes ;'" and for fuch a kind office as this, they ought to have a tenth of -the produce of all human induflry, and a tenth of the bountiful gifts* of nature. Sailor. A feaman who is taken vo/u ?/- tartly by force from his native home, to fight for a country which he is indebted to for nothing, except it be mifery and Wretchedncfs. Saint. A devotee who, before men, re- probates fwearing, lying, cheating thiev- ing, and whoring, but practices them all at 144 J? I G T T'S his leifure, undcuedtcd and even petted. Vide Clergy. Salute. A gentle declination of the head, hat off, when you meet a peribn. Some time ago, Mr. Beaufoy, M. P. for Yarmouth, was actually brought to tears, becaufe Mr. Pitt did not return his falute. - It was a hard cafe. Sanfluary. A facred afylum, not for kings and prime minifters alone, but for rogues of all defcriptions. The Houfc of : Commons is the iaaduary of Pitt, George., and Co. Sans. Without. * f Talents in Alfred's lofty mind, cc Were with integrity combined ; f< I,a the laft Henry, talents fhonc cf Without integrity alone; (f But lucklels George, alas-! wo fee, f< Sans taleat, fans integrity ! Sans-Guhttes. Breeches arc deemed -4 necellury appendage to decorum ; bun among oi^r more northern brethren arc confide red as a degrading Ih&ckle upon natural liberty. At the fame time we ForJ bade the Scotch to carry arms/ we co.ni-| pelledthem to wear Irwcbts. POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 145 Satellites. In aftronomy this appella- tion is given to lubordinate bodies, called moons, revolving about a fuperior orb. In the political world, it is applied to Dun- das, Jcnkinfon, Windham, and to about 5 1 8-5 5 8 of the Houfe of Commons, who (although they cannot bear the thoughts of a revolution) revolve round Mr. Pitt once in every fedion. The word moon which is ufed in ailronomy, is evidently- a corrup- tion from the word man moons, mciis, mans, man. Saviour. George III. is the Snviour of this country, and it was a particular diipcnfation of Providence, in his kind- neis towards us, to blefs us with fo wife, ib pious, and Ib good a king. For in this happy reign not more than two hundred and (ifty millions of money and of lives, a number exceeding the prefent population of the country, have been expended \nji*ft andneccffary wars. Seal L^ard. One of the maxims of Ohrifiian kings is, ff Draw the fword, and " throw away the fcahbard." This is n obedience to the commands of our bleiicd Redeemer, (( I came not to fend pence 0:1 I I &c. SWIFT. Stage. If any one wi flies to obferve the vitiated and corrupt Hate of the are, let him repair to our theatres, efpecially Co- vcnuGardcn, and he will be furfcited with PO LI T I C A L D 1 C T I N A R Y. 157 the fervile effervefcence of the mod ( >r i- tifh loyalty, and with the empty frivol icy of fentiment with which the new pieces all abound. A declining fti^e in tafle and morality, is invariably the proof ot a de- clining empire. Standing Army. It is directly againft the principle of our bleffed and glorious con- Ititution to keep up a Handing ajmy, and yet we have an immenfe oae, which is renewed every year under the fiction of a mutiny-bill. Whataninfult upon t\e peo- ple ! What a mockery of juilice ! vVnat a faithful adherence to the ca-.ift for which our fathers fought arid bled ! Who ca i view with a complacent eye, thefe lo mils of the earth, ff eating up the people, as it were bread," thefe drones that are armed with the fling of the bee, to plunder vvit.i impunity, and fatten on the fpoils of others induilry, not to defend the well- earned pittance of their own ! Staple-commodity. Of this country, wool was formerly, but imce the war, the {luff and woollen manufacturers have had no other ufe for this flaple article, than to makerlinnel fhrouds for our gal- hnt countrymen in Flanders. P I G O T T>S S tar-Chamber. Till the 17 Car. L this was a criminal court, calling itfelfa court of equity, in which all Hate delinquents were thrown, when any offence was given to the king or his minifters. Thr penal- ties chiefly impofed by this infamous tri- bunal were fine, imprifonment, pillory, and lofs of ears. The cabinet-council of modern days, has fuperfeded the ufc of the ftar-chamber of ancient days ; and I fhould -carcely be furprifed if part of the houfe of commons were to form them- felves into a kind of fecret committee for the- fame purpofe. Starvation. What two-thirds of the people are adhially reduced to, unlcfs they choofc to go into a workhoufe, or for fol- diers. The poor ff may die like dogs in ditches/' and yet our king is as merry as a grig ! Statue. The folid reprcfentation of a living being. The Hon. Mrs. Darner has gained much credit by hermaiterly execu- tion of the king in a marble bull ; which idea gave birth to the two following im- promptu's. Lord ! what a lurnpifh, fenfelefs thing ! And yet 'tis very like the king ! POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 159 IL Why drive to animate the marble rock, Kis facred majefty's more like the block ! Statutes. Acts of parliament. The lex fcripta, or, for the moft part, gradual in- croachments upon the liberty of the fub- jcct. Stiletto, a fhrt dagger, which Pitt al- ways carries about with him, in order to cheat the executioner ; as he expects to be impeached whenever he goes out of place and I think there is little doubt when that happens, that he will be hanged. Some time ago St. Edmund, the Jefuit, brought one of thofe convenient inftruments into the Haufe of Commons, but he did not ufe it as he might have done. He only drew it from under his coat in a furious theatrical attitude, and with much vehe- mence of action threw it on the floor. ff Hie crazy eft, hunc tu Romane cavcto !" Sukjeft. Can only with propriety be applied to a member of a ftate, whole go- vernment has been inftituted by foreign conqueft, or the prevalence of a domeflic faction. Citizen is the ancient appella- tion given to the members of free ftates. 1 60 tIOOTT*S Suljefts. A nody of people who fub-j mit to trie tyn.ny of jae IIVLI ; a id yet; they co.nphi 1 1 Sulor / tls'ii.n'fes. On ilatc trials, is to' procure faiie vvit ielL's to tweir awiy t'*e lives a id pr >pe ty of in,io:ent individuals. \vho wiili for a reform in Parliament. A real (la: {"mi-i-hke miniflcr will always h.ive a 'lore of fjca w-taeil^s by him, tj ufe thetii wlun wanted. Suljiitut*. I knew an inflance of a Ro- man Cunohc being driwn fnr che M.iitia. The Magi (1 rates would not fuller him to be fworn in and fcrve, and yet made him procure a fubititute, v\hich coit the poor fellow nine guineas ! Succejjor. All monarchs are in felled v/ith the ftrange wifh, that their fucccf- f;)rs may turn out bad princt-s. Good ki.igs defire it, as they imagine thu their gK^ry will thus appear the n-oit fplendiJ ; an-.1 the bad defire it, as they condiier iucii Kings will fer->e to couatenarcc uie i own niiiaemeanouis. Sugar and Coffee. Vegetables which have been the ruin and mii'cry of two parts of the world ; America has been un- peopled to get land to plant them in, and POLITICAL DICTIONARY. l6l Africa is unpeopled to cultivate them. Suicide. Self-murder, very prevalent in England, and which I think is wholly afcribable to government. For when men have married, and find they cannot fup- port their wives and families, they arc thereby driven to this act of dcfperation. Under a perfect form of government, a poor man would be an anomoly, a pheno- menon. The character of a nation is cer- tainly influenced and determined entirely according to the administration of the go- vernment. I never was fo much affected as at the relation of a fact which took place a few years ago on the coaft of Africa. Some Englifh ihips appeared on th'ecoaft. This amongft the tribes, was the fignal for war. After the battle, upwards of forty victims, who had been taken prifoners, knowing their fate, burft from their chains, ruilicd into the woods, where they all committed fuicide together. Oh ! En- glifhmen ! have ye hearts to feel, and yet continue this traffic ? Superftiiion. Come forward, ye reve- rend crew ! and anfwer for your crimes ! Ye priefts of Satan, it is you that have lighted up the torch of intolerance ; it is *> I G O T T S you that have fet fire to the fi^got ; it is you civil hive ere ;t -J the funeral pile of rrrmyrd-mi ! It ,s you t.-vac ha-'e ordained r-'i .tiOiu nvA.ii ; es ! you ;uve it re wed the ii IcN with .: i in i ir:ales, and deluged trie. Ti in bipod } and vet you have it done all tot; >; T -;d ! i alfe religion, tiife moraht/, tiLc rev rence f-ridle cereirn- n'-v:s, a.iu tiiie vvor.h^p, ire all tne children oi tiie pr j i.io )d, aa.i iia c been, are now > a vl i i -u, ever vv;ll be adopted, by lool- iui \:\ i unrerkJiiiy; men ! Surf./ ire. \ vvriite girb,- which prieds wear vvne i they are huai judging the pco- pie. S LIU mfi M i li itudc. A n e p i t h e t a p p 1 5 J by Mr. Burke, the jefuit oi 6t. Omer's, to the En^ltih people, be_ufe tlaey tamely fuTer their rights ro be w re ted frotu th;-m and their wrr>.igs to rcmiia uarc- 01. Jed, O'LC'ST./. A weapon of offence an-1 de- fence, p : into the ha.ids of mercenary troops, uo'ieil deil ruction to all vithi i their iiifernal rea.-ri. Trie tyrant William I if. ordered the }nafia:re or 3!e uoe^ in waich 'leiuier age nor fex ^'ere fpa^red. \ ftauiur event, it has bc POLITICAL DICTIONARY. l6j place, a few years iince, at Lexington, ..i America. Of what materials are Princes made ? I fhould much like to kno^v whe- ther their anatomy and phyiiology be the funeasin oiher men! How can they ever procure men to murder for them at fix-pence a da/ i Sycophants. A long firing of rafcals, from Lough borough dow i to vVindnam. of Coins* i o keep the people in ^gnoiunce ; hecaufe if they were fuf- fered to be e n I !ghtentd > " Otliello's oc- cupation's gone!" ^ LO be falle. In the violence ot his 1 64 P I G O T T ' S his enemies, the friends ol liberty, he faid, < it v as r.ctcrcis that title v.as a criminal correfpondence between the Jacobins of England and the Jacobins of Paris ; that there was a regular con- fpiracy, and that, like the accomplices of Catalme, they were bound to fidelity by thefolerm.ity of a horrid oath (here he was interrupttd by feme members who exclaimed, prove ! f-r^e !) The orator then proceeded to flate his authority, which, he (aid, was unqueftionable, no lefs than that of an honourable Member, but " ike f aft ivas -net of much conjeqiience." Tally. Thelit'tle boy's to, kay bean, that grew up to the moon, would icarcely be long enough to cut a tally upon, of our national debt. But it is all for the belt, as Dr. Panglofs fir. s. Tartarus. A place in hell fet apart for Engiiih Kings and Minillers, who lord it over their iubjedts with an imperious, cruel, and iniquitous domination. Tattoo. The roar of cannon is the De- vil's Tattoo, by v.hich thofe generous- hearted men (calle* foldiers, who are paid fix-pence a day to fhoot and be mot at,) are warned to appear at their loft quarters. Can any one pity them f POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 165 'Taxes. Thefe are imports laid on the common bounties of nature, and on the bleffmgs of Providence, in order, as is pre- tended, to defray the neceffary ex peaces of a flate, but, in fact, to aflift defpots in carrying on bloody and internecine wars againfl human lite, human liberty, and human happinefs. In this country our unrelenting tax-mailers and taik-maflers, as if ftudying a refinement of cruelty, in- flict upon the mute and patient people, the v. Gift of all punifnments, difeafe, by taxing the light of heaven, that grand cf- fential to health. This tax alone is the remote caufe of the premature mortality of nearly cone hundredth part of the na- tion. To fupe racial obftrvcrs this may appear incredible ; but to the enquiring and fcrutiniziag philofopher, it is & lad and melancholy truth. Oh ! People, People ; when will yc open your eyes ? Tear. A cryftal drop of water, which at once involuntarily ftarts in the eye of the philofopher, upon the bare mention of the word Kins:, or Prieft ! I declare to God I al-noft \vifli that I polTeffed the gloomy eloquence of He^cf p ris, that mankind bv ih?.t fad alternate o, might be l66 PI GOT T ' S forever relieved fromthofe fcourges of the human race ! Te Deum. A hymn of praifeand thankf- giving offered up by Chriitians to the God cf Peace, in c'dtbratibn of thofe maflacres called victories. ] have fludied the En- glifh people thoroughly, and I v ; rily be- lieve they are v ery rapidly indeed merging towards Popery ; nor fhould I be afioniih- ed to fee the Englifh church a real church militant, its Priefts at the head of armies carrying the bloody banners of war into the churches, to be confecrated at a pol- luted altar, and an Auto-de-fe to crown the whole. Temper of the Times. What a wonder- ful fource of contemplation \ What an endlefs field of fpeculation to the think- ing man ! In the times of Junius, in that period when the prcfent Chamberlain of London was a man, and at the relu&ant clofe of the American war, what national energy wasdifplaycd ! What ipirited re'o- lutions were entered into ! V\ hat manly rcanbhft ranees ! Every man w ? as permitted to cxcrcife the faculties of man ! He might lben> with impunity declaim again ft iniquity, oj. prefiiorr, and military mafia- crcs ! A lung was not then divine, a POLITICAL "DICTIONARY. I -y Prime Minifter infallible, or a Fried tbc Vicegerent of God ! It \vasrot tben li- bellous to expofc the conduc'r of corrupt Judges, nor was it trcafon to cenfurc the blind and mifguided, yet pei fevering, po- licy of a crowned man. - ly be called both temporal and eternal. Temporal, becaufe not ecclciiailical ; and 1 68 F I G O T T * S eternal, becaufe their titles and pofTcfliont defcend by hereditary right in eternal fuc- ceffion. Temporize. <( Thefe are the times to Cf try men's fouls," and when, to tempo- rize is a heinous crime. Tent. A canvas awning extended upon poles under which, upon the cold and damp earth, a wifp of ftraw is thinly ftrewed, to make a bed for five creatures of a human appearance, whofe bodies arc ftretched upon this downy couch, forming radii of a circle, with their feet wedged together in the middle like the fpokes of a. wheel. Here they all join in the glee, f How merrily we live that foldiers fc be. ! !" Tenth. As an adequate reward for thofe flrongdofes of intolerance, bigotry, fu- perfiition, and fanaticifm, which are ad~ ininiftcred from the pulpit, and as a rea- r enable compenfation for the general er- ror and mifchief which is fuperinduced in the minds of the ignorant and deluded, the ; wily prieft demands one tenth of all the bountiful gifts of cultivated nature. And he will tell you with a grave face and up- lifted eyes, that eternal damnation is the POLITICAL DICTIONARY". 169 fine qua non of a refufal to this /acred de- mand ! ! ! T' eft- Atf. This is one of the many Acl* of Parliament that difgraces our Statute Book. It enjoins, that no one, except he is of the eftablifried Church, ihall enjoy any place, penfion, or emolument in ol- fice, under government, unlefs he has pre- vioufly eaten a piece of confccrbted bread, or drank fome confe crated wine, which is by the magic of the pried, conjured into the mylUcal (not real as the true Chriftians iflcrtj body and blood of Chrift ! ! Telrarcbv. The object of this juft and necefiary war, is to change the wild anar- chy of France inro a glorious tetrarchy, under the kind and parnculardifpenfatiori of Providence to the crowned men of PruiTia, Spain, Germany, and England ! Dsinoberos Bafilcus ! ! Theatre. 1. of \V?.r, is a large plain where the fleih pl-int grows to perfection, and likewife a ne\v plant perfectly un- known to Linnreus, hitherto a Non-De- fcript y but which 1 ihall hive the honour of fir ft acquainting botanifts with, and therefore proceed to o-; v * the following r _ o o K 1 7O P I G O T T ' S description of. I clafs it according to the Linnean fyflem. Clafs and Order. Monandria. Nogyma. Genus and Species. Miles. Sanguina- rius. Generic Character. Pugnat ct trucidat pro auro. T*igurq\ Humana, ct emittit Voccm hu- rnanam. Calyx. Galeatus, plumis, fanguinco co- Jore, decora tus. Corolla. Ovata ; nafo, et ore, ct lingua, ft mento, et pubc in mentum tamquam in animale humano, ct duabus auribus, < t duobus oculis, ornata. Cortex. Cocci natus. Yandex. Cruralis, brachiatus, et Iracca- tus. Stamina. Plcrumque ab auris frigidis et humidis, etiam exhalationibus terras ex^ itialibus, debilitata. PijliHa. Duo, cum pulvcre ct ballis char- geata Tcncarpium. Folliculus, cartridgis cx- plctus. fulcra. Arma. Mufkcta bayonettata ; et glad ius ancepsy/7/r vagina. Ji.aHtat. In barrackis fetidiflknis, ct in agris humidis, varies. POLITICAL DICTIONARY. I'/f Frutex eft pcrennis, parafiticus ; et fbepif- lime nuitilatus invenitur, c. g. line ca- pitc, line cruribus, fine brachiis, &c. Florefcit optime in Orbe Chriftiano. Theatre. II. Dramatic. The common fewer for the mod beaftly and the mod dc - p raved fentiments of loyalty, that a bafe- born, abject people, can make life of! A temple of worfhip, where the little, fcep- tered and tinfelled creature is adored with more veneration and reverence, than the great Creator ! It is in thcfc places that a mod impious, and blafphemous long is fung, during which time the obedicnc People are compelled, by force of arms, to ftand np, uncovered, as if they were in a church! Theologian. A Profeifor of Divinity, which is fynonymous to a practiicr of chicanery, fraud, and hypocrify. For ample cxaiiiples, apply to the bead* of Colleges in our Uaiveriltics of Oxford and Cambridge. Thirteen. United States of America ; which bravely threw oil" the Englilh yoke, and like all r>;ood Republicans, renounced the bug-bear of Royalty. I 7 2 PIC O T T ' S c iboiifi.uid. When i peeking of Englifh ibldiers flam in haule, a n,ere milk-fc.ore, hot worth a King of iinglanci's thinking' of ! " What ! what ! what ! Pitt ! only " a thoufand ! only a thoufand ! Heh'l to toinion... lew i cores .;: guments are j brairal and ai ailbrda dec id -d of the fu ''ccfl. , : t-ry t-i e It was the cv.i- thefe letters a s ; b i Hie ar- in Alge- .-', ulnch L] v.ruof *t *^i beauty and admiral hefc Algebraic equations, - fotnietimes lent \vith bl baniv of England, to be i difcretion of the doiu. ! 1 fllall fubj'oih two Algebraic equafion^ by way of ill ailration, with an ..^. L~aLiOii appended. EQJ.JATION I. VSHCA x ScoLT x P SD. EQUATION II. VA x GSAF A.MEG BC x I' GE K P x RS 178 PJGOTT'S Explanation of the Firft Equation. Voting for Sufpenfon of Habeas Corpus Act, plus a Speech, is equal to 50 Lottery Tickets, plus a Pen lion, minus a Small Drawback when Pitt goes out of place. Explanation of the Second Equation. Voting for the Addrefs, plus a Good Speech Abufing the French, minus Abuiing the Miniflers of the Englilh Government, is equal to a Blank Cheque on the Bank of England, plus a Peerage, minus a Good Eftate to it, but plus the Promife of one, multiplied by Royal Smiles. IV. The Treasury is a large fpacious apartment, filled with guineas, which the tniniftfriov the time being, and his friends and the friends to Church and king have conftant accefs to, whether it be to pur- chafe perjury againft an innocent friend to liberty, or whether it be to gain over an untradlablc, doubtful or unjlauncb jury. \-\\\X that be, v, iiere the noble and in veil i^a ting rnind of man dares not promulgate known truths, where the fcru- tinizing ey-* of the philofopher has pene- trated, but where that eye dares only fee in fccret ^ VV hat can we think of a flate where our religion is the patch-work of priells, and our fyftem of policy the Dagon of a few wily and idolatrous knaves called (latefmen ? Where upon the only fub- jec'ts worthy of difputation or minute e-n^- quiry, all th nobleit faculties of the foul are huihed into iilence, and fettered down POLITICAL DICTIONARY. to the received opinions of an age of frper- Ihtiom and preiud.ce, on- pain of the m ,-fl cr-:el and VK d ftive punilhmtnts ? Truth in fuch a country is a ft range r ; fhe zan- ders up and down like a houfelefs pilgrim, not having where to lay her head ; and if ihe chaiice to flray into fome lo-vly cot- tig", (he is driven out with unrelenting fury, by fome loyal brute or other, in the pen on ;f a a ignorant, hot-headed magif- trite, or a bigotted Mtolerant f>ric lv ! Thus perfccuted and thus driven from all foci- e:y, ihe droops her head in piteo'is Li;i- gii'iliment, yet ftill ftrug.:;les againrt: the oppoiing tide, each itruggle fainter than, the former, and her fate itill tumbling in the balance, till at kill fhe is over- whelmed at once by the flrong arm of ^ower, and plunged into the pitchy fhades of everlalling night ! Tyrant. For examples look into hiflo- ry, no matter of what country ! U. Ubiquity. It is curious to hear pr lefts talk ot the ubiquity of the Deity, and yec at the fame time furiouily deny his mate+ rial exigence. What is this in fact but denying his exiflence at all ? For if the Deuy is fpirit, the Deity is nothing, or a. 38'2 P I O T T'S non-entity ; lor a fpirit is nothing which can either be delcribed cr pencilled. Therefore there is no God (according to theii dogmas) unlefs it can be fuppofed thcie is an immaterial fomeihing heating siv-ut, \\hich hov. ever occupies no (pace,, . o | aits, no fchdity, extenilcr., DCT an> c.her picperties ol matter, ard >ct this nothing is fomething, and pcflefies volition re leal a6.ion. Priefis only make this probKm; they alone can fclve it. lio-.vcvcr, the) may reafon away anydiffi- ci'lt'es ci this kinc ; they can never with any iacc, deny that there is in England an i4iiiuiy of priefrs who cringe, fawn and tyrannize ; chat there is an ubiquity of fpie& a-nd infoimers, \\ho live by caUin.ny and perjury ; an uliquity of loyal magiftrate| v, no fu^ port them ; and laltly, an uHquity of trcak-ry gold \vhich fupports them all. UtH^iqi'eralle. The human mind. In fpite oi the tyranny and intolerance of kings and prieits, in fpite of the internal machinations and combinations of crown- ed conipirators^ if a great and mighty na- tion wills only to be free, ilie niuil be iree in ipite cf all earthly interference, France laid, Let there be freedom,, and POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 183 there was freedom ! And I hope to God that liberty there is uriconyttefafk. Uncrown. What a pity it is that kings never coniider that reafon and juftice can as well co-operate to uncrown them, as well as ignorance, \veaknefs and credulity s ! take care what you are after, for the lame de- vouring flame that is kindled fora heretic v. ,;i con fume a biiliop ! U"-'prifiLfly. Any action that is perform- ed irom motives of benevolence and hu- manity. Un/a table. The thirft of feme princes aftei and bor- rowing time. III. In the fenate, although there is and mult be (o much important bufinefs to tranfadt, yet the vacation with them is eight or nine months in the year. I uon- der much that King Pitt docs not vote the POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 187 Parliaments ufelefs at once. And yet thefe doughty Patriots, thefe wife men of Gotham, have the impudence and effron- tery to call therrfelvcs Kriends to the Peo- ple, and men men v\ho confult the wel- fare and happinefsof the poor.and the na- tion at larg ! ! Vaffal. In Poland the pe i r ants are all vaflals at this prefem day, and in England the effence and fpiritof vafialage is kept up, although the name of it be abolimed. But if the nation v. ills it, I fay, long live the Feudal f)ftem ! ! Vendible. A feat in the Houfe of Com- mons, which is as marketable a commo- dity as a pig or a goofe, through the me- dium of venal and corrupt boroughs. T' e prefent price is about 4,000 guineas, ^ Iv.ch is much more than given under fort, er adminifTrations ; but Pitt, as Mr. Drake lays, is an immaculate and hciven-bora Minifter. Vicar. A prieft who gets a good fat bene- fice by deluding the People, ancl teaching them to look upon the King and the Clerg/ ns objeds of infallibility, awe and adora- 'cf*GBitii(?far. In our monkifh Uni- ^ f : e i ;,h is is a man, /^ c>:nd only in mi- 1 88 PIGOTT'S quity, who takes cae that the ftudents fhali be io involved in mathematics and divinity that they can find no time to in- vefligate fubjeclsof greater import. And if any of the gownimc-n fh(.uid be found out in reading politics or polemics, to dif- countenance, or get a grace to expel him, becaufe fuch irreverent arrogances, as Kenyon, would fay, is contra bonos mores ! Vict-^rent. In clays of yore, the Monks* alias Priefts, would ttll you, under pain of the faggot if you denied it, that they were God's Vice-gt rents. In modern days,, nay even now, they would enforce the fame, but they dare not. Kce-Rpy. In Ireland this is an Englifh nobleman fent over there by our monarch to play the king. A country at the fame time remarkable for the fervile venality of the nobles, and the noble fpirit of the People! Village. Is a collection of two or three miferable huts, whofc wretched inhabi- tants can but juft keep their clay in an ani- mated ftate, by the fcanty pittance of the coarfelt and moil unautri'tive diet. However fmall the village is, one locuft of fociety at lealt you are lure of meeting, and one tcnipk of Ignorance at leuit you POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 189 ire certain, erects it griily and monkiih head above the woods and plantations of the fquire, in which temple the name of the God of Peace is invoked again and ag;.in to go forth with " our *< fleets and armies," and to " give us the power tl over our enemies" by their deitru6tion. Oh God ! Oh God ! Is this humanity r But hold rr,y impious tongue it is Chriitian Charity. Violet. " The king is but a man, the violet " fmelis to me as it does to him." Shakefpeare had no proof in his time that kings were men, and in obedience to the doctrine that they go- vern jurediv.ino, I mould really think that no legal king i? human, but jult the contrary, //;- man by their very office. Volunteer. A l^yal fubject and king's-man, who enters into a focicty of armed men tooppfe 'by force of arms any reform, or attempt to a in- form of the reprefentation of the People in Par- liament, and further, to be ready at any riot to pull down the houfes of all Jacobins and DMentcrs, \vhoeither oppofe our holy Religion, or our holy political Inftitution which they callz Government. Vulgar. The ariltocratic epithet given to the mod ufeful) the molt indultrious, and the molt valuable part of the community. W. Wafer. Myftical pafte, which, among the Ro- maiiifts, is changed by that arch-conjuror of all conjurors, the pneft, into the r^/body of Chriff, and given to that deluded mafs of mankind, un- it ijJeaamJ with that irnprefficn ia one of P I G O T T * S their commimuns, called the Eucharift. " Oh ! muii, man i have y>u eyes r" JVar. Of all things in this world, it fec-Tis to me nv>ft itrange,that men, large parties of men, perfectly iudiiTerent to, and ignorant of the me- rits of the difpute, mould voluntarily enter into the fervice of a fanguinary tyrant, and, as far as in them lay, to maifacre and deftroy their fellow- creatures who are oppofed to them, and who are as innocent and as ignorant as they, of the whole fubjecl: and occaiion of quarrel. Is it that the found of fife and drum, the trumpet and bugle- h'.-rn, cr any o'hrr martial mufic, poffeifelh fiKh a favage charm r I am a man, but it has no fuch an effect on me. Is it that the garnifh fplendor of a camp, the emblematic veil merit of the fol- dier, the glittering of arms, the roar of cannon, the difplay of gaudy colours, or any other military trappings, po fiefs fuch a favage charm ? I am a man, but they have no fuch effect on me. Is it that the leifurable, eaf.riul lii'e of the mili: ^ry, the mi : dnefs of their difcipline, or the profligate diiTo- 4 f 'j 'ciucfs of their maiiKers, poifeiTeth fuch a favage ch-:r;n r I am a man, but i confefs thefe things h.-venofuch effect on me. Or, is it that thefe men are fbfta rifts, and have doctrines, creeds, and opinions peculiar to tMernfelves ; that love Tv r ar, bipod hjJ and rapine, and intejnecioain the abitra^l r I ^rn a man fubjecl to frailty in com- mon with other men, but I could never yetcon- viocc niyfJ.r, that the deilruclion of the human fpccies was a lovely n:id defirable occupation, fr that a man could liitlcfsly enter into it, as iato a POLITICAL DICTIONARY. trade, by way of getting a livelihood. Whence then this fond defire, this msdnefs after {laugh- ter r Is it any confoktion or folace when wound- ed, to fee your enemy by your fide extended breath- lefs on ihe plain r Oh foldiers, foldiers ! lay not the flattering unclion to your fouls, that you are herots ! You are nothing but murderers ; butchers. When you btgan to be foldiers, you ceafed to be r en ! Do you delight in blood, and in the fweet ti;i:ciul groans cfr dying animals? fet up the trade, of butchers at once ; there muft be fuch men in civilized fociety. But do not murder rran tor gold. If ye are foldiers, ye cannot be virtuous men. Ton are more abandoned and de- praved even than the priefts. Let them then gain the fummit of their wifhes and their ambi- tion, viz. the afcendant in human depravity, the acme of human wickedncfs, the climax ot mor- tal guilt. Bow to them with humility, leave to them the crimfon palm, they are your fuperiors in invention, and would be in aftion if they dared ! Still I am bewildered ho\v to account for this univerfal and brutal rage for mailacre, which feems to have ftagnated and paliied every human fentiment, and flopped at once all.the noble work- ings of nature which ones glowed in your bofoms ! I have only one way more to account for your un- juftifiable dereliction from all principle of virtue, only one caufe more that could pofTibly induce you to fuch a dreadful effect, and that caufe is, want. If this be the caufe of your join- ing a lawlefs band of hired aflaflins, then you are from a load of guilt ; fR'i however P I G O T T'S bunhened with a load of remaining guilt, for you cannot be viituous if you are foldiers. It is then to you, O iniquitous Governments ! that man- kind is indebted for this awful calamity ! . You ftnrve your people, and then the loud calls of na- ture force them into a compliance and concur- rence with you in plunder and murder! You takeaway their earnings, and deftroy their com- merce, and then inlift them under your bloody banners! You depopulate the world, and then hie to your corrupted churches, to pay yourfllthy adoration to an all-benevolent God, to thank him for what he has done, as if he was a cruel and vindi&ive being like yourfelves ! Why don't you ordain your prieits to drink hot blood at the al- tar, and devour hu-nan carcafes^Jby way of cele- brating the Lord's fupper f' You will want but little of imagination then to believe in tranfub- fhntiation ! They'll do't if you order them. It \vill infpire your troops with the true blood- hound vigour ; and you may then, with fomc ~ " Cry havoc and let flip the dogs of War." JVeal. The common weal, the public weal, the general weal, fo much regarded in Saxon an- tiquity, is now out of date, and fneered at by our legillators ; in fo much, that if a man talks of the public weal, he is a viiionary ; and if he bynclions, drives to promote the general weal, he is a rebel, and a leveller ; fo changed are the times, fo -perverted is the reafon of man, and fo abjet his {iibtniilion topriclts, and the " Vo.-vcrs "' ;> POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 193 W-M. Although it is as perceptible as th e rneridu.i fin, that in England the riches of the country are merging in the h.inds of one order of men, ye f , in fpire Jt the alarming increafe r*f the poor, and the fynchronqus decline of manufac- ture*** and manuia&urers, that loyal fool John Bull is made to believe that the country was ne- .ver fo rich, and commerce never fo thriving ! If a people will fuffer oppreilion to trcfpafs on their conampn -rights, which even brutes enjoy unmj- leited, they defer ve it. Werner. L~t the mod unfeeling, the rmfl hardened, the moll cruel and inflexible of our fhtefmen, (I don't know which to ch :ofe, Wiid- ham or his mafter Pitt, for they are both fuper- lativei'} pay a vifit to any of our manufaclurin^ towns, where this ufcful clafs of c'rizens, once were feen with btify faces, carrying their looms- work home to their employers ; it matters not where, whether at Manchester, Norwich, Leed?, Halifax, or any other manufacturing town, ftili it is the fame ; nothing but mifery and wretched- nefs ; he will do well to avoid Rumbling over fhut- tles, weavers' beams, looms, and every other? the implements of a loft occupation ! Let this man Windham, if he be really a man, lift up the latchet of the door of one of the thoufands of miferable huts which abound in every one of titolSt fburljbing towns. After fatiating his glad- dened eyes with the mifery before him after glut 1 ing hisr.ivi(hed fight, in the voluptuous lux- ury of beholding wretchednefs in its maxi runn ; U't him thus addrcfs th ftarvin P I G O T T * S re language of his heart " You " : i^cticus i-.nd difcontentied fellows, t: iv; :>!u "\;, c'T'pU-iir.ing ntvjr fati.*-fkd. ou art as well off as you deferve to be ; there tl aly ays rri-il be poor people in all countries, 11 L ; cl i > r ; . { uli : cnce ha.s ft le died you to be of the " nurrLbfcj thtr. i^re it b in -pious as v, ell as di- " 'oyal toiri.n ur. I 4 ' it be true, that you can rn work, and are itarvirig, go to the work- // t a; . cl:. ThiF is that h^ppy ar d er viable (late, h but f r w can ci : - \ i M v>, i.ked and unpiinci- ] \ ' -rts. I kfow net how cr why it is, Li,t I'pr-p turr.ingto the page of hiflrry for a tew back, I find a grtai many evili that date . chr nology from the year 1760. and this evii, c : myiiad, that tvvo^thirds of our yoi; h sr- in ;- itate oi celibacy at the age of twenty-nine* 1 e d not here (I'a^e to the philcfopher, that go- vern^-ent njuit of nectffity be the.root of this evil. Under a ire -re p:rfc6t inftitution of government, the human rr n'e and female would enter upon the ]<;:ppyilate or wedlock at iixteen and fourteen. A -00 J king would encpurage early marriage-; .a v. 'ii.-k-i! lang will difcourage it, by wars, which '.{.liui a people, arid by the natural prohibi- tion ofi., by rreansot heavy burthens, luxuries, a-d b, -curbing the natural noble fpiritof the pe.o- by unequal iinpcil-", partial laws, interdic- tions, and reftraints. What is the confequence ? Juiiives the women toproflitution, and the men 10 i he mod abandoned and avowed concubinage. Tlas indiscriminate commerce entails on them dif- POLITICAL DICTIONARY. 195 eafe, fordidrtefs, and n:i(Vry. 1 hey arc luni.d to an early grave, v ith a ten 1 Ir.fs n, ot a i ; u i tion,Jt would therefore be, ola.Liib'y, or yi-t .'.'.-. t be, the People's own aL fndcw-mttker. A crowned man whom I cculd name, is C.'/v /?<: ;;t lcr.-> h afcertalned the meaning ot ibis cvuou It is o rtr* ir.d ihem r.i f hc.ir duly to their f vert it. n, viz. that they ihculd do all in their power to kicp the Uaple commodity ot the countiy under. !Cj6 P I G O T T 7 S Workloitfe. The abode of wretchecrnefs and; defpair, fiithHy fitted up fur the reception o dccrepid old men and women, orphans and wi- dows, of thofe who have been killed in battle,, fighting for ci fpouf.n and tyranny. The poor are firit deprived of all means of fubfiitence in the .uereial way, by the deftrucHon of trade, and- thn thrown inro thisfihhy fLvv, to be eaten up by vermin, the offspring of naitintfs and a pu- trid atmofphere. World. A boHe<5Hve term ufed to fignity all the nations of this vail globe. Here is an im- rncnie field of inveftrgation tor tlic p'>i ofopher. It isflrange, "but no !efs mi;, thai all nations, without any excepdoo, are fubjc-61 to and the fL-ves of, fore error cr fuperiii.ion whkh is the fundamental of u:ihappii;i.f to the people. Ex- perience, knowledge, l.iilcry, in v;-in tff -rd them leilbns, what p,iths to follow, what to (him. ted by the warring; padions, and flupified by their lr,7c of fenfudlity, they ruQi on headlong into the abyfs of ^icc and folly, and think to ex- tii ate themf Ives from thefe piitalls by heaping .- upon cri :ne, lill they fird therrifelres even \vish (he reil of theworM. The grand and ilead- i ; t nei lies ro the hr.ppinefs of ir^nkind, are re- J: : *r nd government. Thefirltisthe off r pring of fear ; the latter, the child of d-pravry ; and ere notforthe intervention of prieft- and y- rant, mankind would ftill have had to b'efs tl^e halcyon d. ::;ural government and a natural r ;i i >n. I, is worthy of remark, that a Hand i Vt ^;uth is creeled, by every little tyrant, i POLITICAL DICTIONARY. little ft,te, and though truth is imrrutable, fhe is a very Proteus divcrfifyir.g and variegating her fnowy garb in every foil, in every climate, among every trib., ai.d in every age. What is a virtue in one country, is a crime in another ; what is truth in one, is falfehood in the next ; v h:.r is juitice here, is injuflice there ; what u i- li-y here, injury there -, \\hat laudable here, cul- pable there. . Thus the axe and the halter, the rack and the wheel \ the tag-got and the crucifix are the infallible urrpircs, the unerring oracles, the unchangeable ftandaids of truth, the grand de- tern incrs of right and wrong ! Treafon and inuvriiy, religion and fu.pentition, reafon and error go hand in hand in the world, and the ty- rant and the prkft ot every pi.hul territory ar- bitrarily decide i-ylcw, which is truth and which is error. " Oh i world, thy flippcry turns 1" Wrongs, Public. It all the wrongs that exift in this world under different governments were to be written dow r n> the whole earth, to ufe the language of fcripture, " would not be able to " contain the books that might be written." As a fpecimcn ot fuch a vaft voluminous work, it would take to record the public wrongs of Eng- land, more than ten hundred thoufand millions of folio volumes, fmall print and no margin ! Take. Of flavery, is what men of all nations bend their necks to with cheerful fubmifiivenefs, and to fuch things, that lap-dogs would not fub- mit to, but con tern ptuou fly wag their tails at. State ministers and church miniflers are yoke- mailers to the whole of the civilized world, and 198 P I O T T ' S man i n A w fo -iccu I ;med, f> wedded to it, that he would ibii k hi - (elf robbed of his rights, if d;piived oi i'. Y^.r after year, d \y at'cr dn of y >irh. Thofe whoi.i The vvan^ of li^e .tre counting on the joys of hcr.-iftcr, ^h nild'conltderit one of the firll of dtries to warn the rring ^en^ra^ion againit their thcughtlefs prodigality or rime, hat greateft of e rthty ir^afurts. l r lialt ihat wide lapfe of dme, vvhicii at once confuxes itfelf and the health of ihs body i.i exce'.fiis went fpent in the improvement oi the miiid, vvhai a wond- rrul change, what a revo- lution would be produced : kings would not then *y- rannize over ti'uir lubjecl >, and b : idolized tor it ; mr would piiclt" plunge the bulk of mankind in cLrknef" and i ?noranice, and be revered for it i Our Univer r nies are nothing but monkeries, where real knowledge is trodden und.:r ihe hoofs of an aifem- b^.ge of ignorant, fupenli ious, bigotted, intolerant fri/.rs. a-.d where the p uua! knowledge of word- is. prererred tothe knowledge of things, and of mea ar=d manners! '"T is ignorance that is the tyrant !. 5 Tis ignorance that is the prieft! 'Tis igm/rai-cc-. th-it lights the torch of intolerance, that ians t--e; fi rue of the faggot ! becaufe it is fwiaiih, fottiili>, ignorance that fuifers it ! F I N I S. FOURTEEN DAY USE RETUPN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWE1 *-*-f"iir Is z| II Ms 160 VH GENERAL LIBRARY - U.C. BERKELEY M123924 Ps THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY