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JfaBrirult of the Memorial Symposium
of the Class of Yale 1852, Academic,
held on their Classmate ^ ^ ^ ^

iattt^l Olott Cl^ttman

WHO DIED OCTOBER 13, 1908

■JfORHM

PUBLISHED BY THE CLASS

Hon. W. W. CRAPO, "President
NEW BEDFORD. MASS.

1852 YALE. ACADEMIC

Directory, August 28, 1909

Rev. J. F. Bingham, D.D., L.H.D., Hartford, Conn.

Edward Buck, Bucksport, Me.

Hon. W. W. Crapo, LL.D., President, New Bedford, Mass.

G. W. Gurtiss, 155 Seminary Ave., Ghicago, III.

Prof. Ephraim Gutter, M.D., LL.D., Secretary,

251 W. 81st Street, New York, or West Falmouth, Mass.
J. G. Dubois, M.D., Treasurer, Hudson, N. Y.
G. A. Griswold, M.D., Fulton, III.
Edward Houghton, Lancaster, Mass.

Prof. G. E. Jackson, LL.D., 4400 Morgan St., St. Louis, Mo.
Prof. W. A. Reynolds, 6 Northumberland Place, Bayswater,

London, W., England.
Prof. Homer B. Sprague, Ph.D., Los Angeles, Gal.
G. A. Wilcox, University Glub, New York; also Oakledge,

Madison, Gonn.

PREFACE

It has seemed best to the Secretary also to use epistles as
best showing the personalities of the writers' characters.

As to the fasciculi outside of the class, the Secretary takes
the responsibility. If Drs. Eliot and White were Oilman's
only peers, he thinks they should be at home with Yale 1852,
while the Johns Hopkins treasurer's words as to Johns Hopkins
are in place as the monetary foundation of our beloved class-
mate's successful world-wide career.

EPHRAIM GUTTER.

West Falmouth, Mass.
August 27, 1909.

189il(i

CONTENTS

PAGE

I. Contribution of President Crapo 7

II. Letter from Hon. W. M. Stewart 10

III. Contribution by Dr. Sprague 11

IV. Letter of G. A. Wilcox, Esq 20

V. Letter of Ex-President Eliot 22

VI. Letter of Ex-President White 23

VII. Letter of J. C. Thomas, Treasurer of Johns j . .^ , /

Hopkins Untyjrstt^y 25 fi^/}l J ^

VIII. Quotation from Dr. W. Osler 27

IX. Contribution by the Secretary, Yale 1852 . , 28

Fasciculus I

At the stated monthly meeting of the Massachusetts Histori-
cal Society, held November 12, 1908, President Gharies Francis
Adams annomiced in fitting terms the death of Daniel C. Oilman,
a corresponding member of the Society, and called upon
WilUam W. Crapo to respond.

Mr. Grapo spoke as follows:

Mr. President, — Permit me to add a few words to what has
been said of Daniel Goit Oilman. He was my college classmate,
and during our four years' course there was no companionship
more intimate and no friendship stronger than that which
existed between us, and this has continued these many years.
He was an excellent scholar, although not ambitious for the
high marks necessary to secure a valedictory honor, an honor
sometimes obtained at the sacrifice of a broader education. He
was alive to all the activities of the college and the class. He
was a steady-going, dihgent, well-balanced student. Upon
leaving college he had in contemplation the preparation of a
new English lexicon, a task which he thought would occupy
him many years. In this he was encouraged by Professor
Goodrich, the son-in-law of Noah Webster, who had edited
several editions of Webster's Dictionary. In pursuance of this
purpose he came to Gambridge, where he remained a year or
more.

About that time President Franklin Pierce appointed Thomas
H. Seymour, a respectable lawyer of Hartford, minister to
Russia. Mr. Seymour had served in the Mexican War as
colonel of the Gonnecticut regiment, as did Galeb Gushing as
colonel of the Massachusetts regiment, and Franklin Pierce as
colonel of the New Hampshire regiment. In the Mexican cam-
paigns Golonel Seymour displayed conspicuous bravery. On
his return to Gonnecticut he was greeted with much applause
and great ovations. He was made governor of his state and
was three times reelected to that office. It was natural that
his comrades in war, President Franklin Pierce and Attorney-
General Gushing, should desire for him further honors. Gov-

8 Daniel Coit Gilman

ernor Seymour was not a diplomat by training or experience,
and in going to his new post he desired a friendly companionship
which might at times be of assistance to him. He invited two
young men fresh from college to accompany him to St. Peters-
burg. They were Daniel C. Gilman and Andrew D. White, both
of whom subsequently became corresponding members of this
society. I do not remember what official position, if any,
these two men held in the legation, but their duties were not
pressing, and much of their leisure time was devoted to making
themselves familiar with European universities, their courses
of study and methods of instruction.

How far this accidental sojourn abroad, undertaken at the
outset as an agreeable vacation, influenced the future careers
of these two men is a matter of conjecture. On their return to
the United States Mr. White went to Ann Arbor, where he
was eminently successful as an instructor, and afterwards he
was employed by Ezra Cornell in the formation of Cornell
University. Mr. Gilman went to New Haven, where he became
librarian and held other offices in the college, to the great satis-
faction of the faculty and students. Later he was appointed
president of the University, of California, in which position he
demonstrated his ability and attracted the attention of edu-
cators. When the Johns Hopkins Fund became available, its
trustees, seeking a suitable person to execute the will of the
donor in the establishment of an educational institution,
selected President Gilman. In preparation for this task he
went abroad for a year or two, studying the universities of
Europe, comparing, analyzing, and balancing their merits.
On his return to Baltimore he had in mind an institution dis-
tinct from any existing American college or university, whose
purpose would be to furnish to the graduates of such colleges
or universities facilities for advanced study in special branches
of knowledge. The success of Johns Hopkins University is well
known. It was essentially the creation of President Gilman.

The qualities which led to his success were patient, pains-
taking, persistent application and complete thoroughness of
work. He was a good man to work with. His enthusiasm
inspired his associates; his example of untiring devotion to
whatever task he had in hand stimulated those about him.
Whatever rank may be accorded to President Gilman in scholar-

Memorial Symposium 9

ship, I venture to say that few have surpassed him in the field
of investigation, of organization, and of administration. This
is shown not only by what he did at Johns Hopkins, but in the
organization of the Carnegie Institute and the management
of the Peabody and Slater funds and the many other positions
of trust and service which were assigned to him.

He was a sincere and unselfish man. He was prominent in
many reform movements. He had no Uking for controversy.
He relied upon clearness of statement and strength of argument,
and as a reformer he never indulged in denunciation of those
who honestly differed with him about methods. His native
gentleness of spirit and his sweetness of disposition made that
impossible.

In any review of the life of Dr. Oilman, its notable feature
must be the exceptional and successful service which he ren-
dered in the promotion of higher education, of social and politi-
cal reforms, and of genuine philanthropy.

10 Daniel Coit Gilman

Fasciculus II

Wm. M. Stewart

law office

408 Corcoran Building

Washington

October 26, 1908.
E. Cutter, Esq., West Falmouth, Mass.

My dear Cutter, — Your letter of recent date, announcing the
death of Daniel Coit Oilman, is before me.

Few Americans have lived a more useful life than Daniel
Coit Gilman. Mr. Gilman was of the highest type of our civi-
hzation. His life was devoted to learning and education.

After our college days, I first met him in California, where he
was doing good work as president of the State University. He
was next called to Maryland, where he laid the foundation of
that great institution of learning known throughout the country
as Johns Hopkins. His methods of imparting information, his
rules for the government of institutions of learning, his incessant
labor, and, above all, his pure and unblemished character, have
made him known and loved by millions. The example of such
a man does much, not only to mold, but to popularize, free
government. We are proud of him as the best type of American
citizen, and he will ever be remembered as one of the most
useful sons of Yale. All admired him. Those who knew him
loved him and wiU ever cherish his memory.
Yours very truly,

WM. M. STEWART.

Memorial Symposium 11

Fasciculus III

DANIEL COIT QLMAN

BY HOMER B. S PRAGUE

Our distinguished classmate was fortunate from the first.
He was well born. In his boyhood he breathed an atmosphere
remarkably free from contaminating influences. In his college
course at Yale, those of us who knew him best noticed in him a
dehcacy of speech and conduct, not so much the effect of an
acute conscience, which may coexist with much frailty, as of
an inbred habitual freedom from temptation to vice. We can
hardly imagine our Oilman enslaved by the devils of appetite
and passion that drag so many gifted men down.

His classmates must have noticed, too, in his demeanor an
unusual grace and poise, a mind earnest yet calm, judicial,
never intensely partisan, interested in all that was good, yet
never impatient to reform the world in a day, a year, or a decade,
nor carried away, as some of us were in danger of being, by
youthful excitement.

As one of the editors of the Yale Literary Magazine, I came
into closer relations with him. More than before, I was im-
pressed with his good sense, fairness, and justice, without envy,
extravagance, or contentiousness; a certain sweetness of dispo-
sition, a disinclination to be censorious, an unwillingness to
impute wrong motives for any questionable action. Once,
when a fellow-editor made a satirical comment upon some well-
meant but seemingly injudicious procedure, Oilman rebuked
him with a gentleness that was not soon forgotten, " Does this
ironical remark of yours reveal to me a phase of your character? "
From that day the " charity that thinketh no evil," that will
not impute a bad motive when, within the saving grace of com-
mon sense, a good one can possibly be assigned, became with
his friend a ruhng principle in speech.

There were giants in those days. Among them we saw in
the streets Roger S. Baldwin, Ralph I. Ingersoll, and Ex-Presi-
dent Day. In the faculty, among other gifted men, there was

12 Daniel Coit Gilman

the magnificent elder Silliman of mellifluous speech; the exact
and genial Olmsted ; the eloquent, magnetic Goodrich; the
profound and kindly Porter; the learned and witty Kingsley;
the manly, great-souled Thacher; the keen, many-sided Hadley ;
the beloved, all-accomplished Woolsey. How they loom up in
memory!

" Ever their phantoms arise before us,
Our loftier brothers, but one in blood;
At book and board they lord it o'er us
With looks of beauty and words of good! "

Into their society and companionship, Gilman, living in the
family of his uncle, Prof. James Kingsley, was early brought,
and in the midst of such influences he remained the greater part
of twenty years. Having gone to Europe in 1853 as attacM to
the Russian legation, he returned to America in 1856 with
mind broadened and enriched by travel and study, spending
many months at St. Petersburg, Paris, and Berlin. Now as
librarian at Yale, the world of books opened still wider before
him.

When the Civil War flamed forth in 1861, and some of his
classmates, carried away by the heat of passion or impelled by
a sense of duty, quitted their proper vocations, and for four
years were absorbed in the struggles, the hardships, the sorrows,
and the unedifying experiences of the sanguinary conflict, and
so lost the precious opportunities they might have utilized in
the cultivation of their intellects, Gilman, '^ in the quiet and
still air of delightful studies," was wisely laying in ammunition
and accumulating strength and skill for a nobler battle than
that of the tented field, and preparing to render higher service
than we who were in the business of killing and getting kiUed.

The chief interest, the most vital function, of any nation is
the right education of the young. More than any other Ameri-
can institution, with the possible exception of Harvard, our
Yale has been the mother of teachers, academies, colleges, and
universities. Of the two hundred classes she has sent forth,
that of 1852, as I showed on our fiftieth anniversary, holds the
highest record of achievement in this respect. And of all of
our class who became instructors, not forgetting Johnston,
Brewer, Cooper, Salter, Hallowell, who have passed away, and
some still conspicuous among the eminent living, Gilman was

Memorial Symposium 13

facile princeps. He was thoroughly versed in primary and
secondary education, for he had been city superintendent in
New Haven. As secretary of the State Board, he had made a
careful study of the whole school system in Connecticut. He
was a rare judge of men, but not infallible, for it was always
my misfortune to have my abilities overestimated, and he,
perhaps more than any other, made me principal of the state
normal school at New Britain, headmaster of the Girls^ High
School at Boston, and president of the State University at
North Dakota. He was an officer of the Winchester Astronomi-
cal Observatory, and official visitor of the Yale Fine Arts School.
In the Sheffield Scientific, he rendered long and valuable service
as organizer, secretary, and professor of physical and political
geography.

He knew his limitations. He could not, like Horace Mann,
awaken and rouse to enthusiasm by fiery eloquence a thousand
teachers and ten thousand students, nor was he ready, like
Andrew D. White, publicly to strike heavy blows at political
wrongs, defiantly challenge old superstitions, and, cutting loose
from narrowing traditions, endeavor, with Ezra Cornell, to
^' found an institution where any student can find instruction
in any study." But it is safe to say that no other president of
a new university ever came from a wider educational outlook
or brought to the work a more admirable preparation.

In 1870 he was offered the presidency of the infant Univer-
sity of California. He had already been attracted thitherward
by the representations of the greatest of then living American
divines, Horace Bushnell, who, after careful and extended
explorations, had selected with exquisite judgment the un-
equaled site at Berkeley. For two years, while the new insti-
tution continued to occupy the old quarters of the College of
California in Oakland, and while he was still on duty at Yale,
he was studying deeply the general subject of universities and
the particular situation on the Pacific coast. In 1872 came a
second and more urgent invitation. He accepted, and on the
7th of November, at Oakland, delivered his inaugural address.
The subject was '' The Building of the University." The wis-
dom accumulated during twenty-five years of study and obser-
vation went into that magnificent address. It is a masterpiece.
I have seen nothing of the kind finer. As I read it, his great-
ness grows upon me.

14 Daniel Coil Gilman

Extraordinary difficulties, complications, and oppositions
arose, but he had laid the foundations deep and solid. With
tact and skill, and with a nimbleness, persistency, and per-
suasiveness that proved successful at last, he solved the threat-
ening problems that fronted him like hydras; energetically but
with suavity he cut the Gordian knots that could not be untied;
iron hand in velvet glove, as far as possible without wounding,
he pushed aside the disintegrating hostile forces, which, if
allowed to remain, would have wrecked the new institution.
For two years and a half, October, 1872, till March, 1875, it
was a strenuous struggle, a continuous battle. Of course he
%^^'] did, incur the woe denounced upon him of whom all men speak

wen, for enemies were not altogether silenced, though for the
most part won over, disarmed, or crushed. Victorious, he was
yet weary of the incessant wrestling.

So he informed me at an interview to which he invited me
in New York, in which he unfolded some of his plans, and
cautiously sounded me as to a possible professorship in some
department of the Johns Hopkins University.

He had more faith in himself and in me than I had. I was
not inclined to a life work mainly of research, nor alive to the
importance of the projected enterprise at Baltimore. I held
that the proper and principal business of a university, and,
indeed, of every school for the young, as illustrated in some of
the famous universities of the old world, and the work in
America of Mann, Hopkins, Wayland, Woolsey, Eliot, Andrew
White, and other great educators in their respective institutions,
should be to gather multitudes of students, in them inculcate
right principles, inspire lofty sentiments, and build up noble
characters. Of course a little had been done in the direction
of original investigation at Yale, Harvard, and elsewhere, and
I remembered hearing our Woolsey express an ardent desire
that there might be more, as in the great foreign universities.
But in America the men and means were wanting; elementary
instruction must monopolize the time and energies of pro-
fessors; deep research must either be omitted altogether or
relegated to the background.

In this, as in every important undertaking, Gilman showed
consummate wisdom. He argued that there were already
colleges enough blossoming out into so-called universities, and

Memorial Symposium 15

universities enough to supply the demand for ordinary colle-
giate instruction. Why build another of the old sort?

The good old Quaker had bequeathed three and a half million
dollars. He left his trustees free, and they left Oilman free.
The new plan was simplicity itself. Research was the watch-
word, deep, prolonged, thorough; delving and sifting to find
out the exact fundamental truth in every field of intellectual
activity; to discover and, when discovered, publish bottom
facts and ultimate laws; and so to begin enlarging in many
directions forever the boundaries and the stores of knowledge —
this was his grand aim. This scheme was far broader than that
of Bacon as set forth in the " New Atlantis," for his lordship's
wonderful vision of " Solomon's House " appears to have con-
templated no researches other than those in natural history and
physical science.

Not less simple than this aim of Oilman was the chief means
of its accomplishment. ^' We two were the faculty," he is
reported to have said of himself and Oildersleeve. Five other
distinguished professors he selected as heads of departments,
each in the prime of Ufe, each an authority and enthusiast in
his chosen field, each to continue his favorite researches, and
each to be " guide, philosopher, and friend " to students already
post-graduates, but aspiring to the still higher degree of the
German doctorate of philosophy.

Another new feature: The fruits and tests of original re-
search, manifested in theses, were to be published in university
journals, as of chemistry, mathematics, history, philology, etc.
To these were superadded twenty fellowships, which should
supply to the most successful candidates the means of further
prosecuting their studies for one, two, or three years.

Incidental and strictly preparatory to all this, was a collegiate
department of rather higher grade than any of the then existing
colleges, inasmuch as it omitted the usual studies of the fresh-
man year. As new features, he skillfully arranged parallel
elective groups like those at the Sheffield Scientific School; he
established freedom as to residence, study hours, chapel and
church attendance. Best of all, perhaps, every undergraduate
was to have one member of the faculty as an interested, vigilant,
and sympathetic counselor.

So, almost wholly without buildings, apparatus, libraries,

16 Daniel Coit Gilman

works of art, museums, or anything to strike the eye or the
imagination, the Johns Hopkins University was begun. It
reminds us of President Garfield's ideal college, ''a log in a
forest, with Mark Hopkins at one end and myself at the other "!

It had at first less than a hundred students. At the end of
ten years there were nearly two hundred in the university and
one hundred and thirty in the college. There are now six or
seven hundred in all. Johns Hopkins' graduates are in demand
as professors everywhere.

But the uplift to post-graduate instruction in America is
perhaps the most beneficial result of all. In 1850, in all our
colleges, there were but 8 post-graduate students pursuing still
higher studies; in 1875 there were 400; in 1890, 5,668; now
there must be nearly 10,000.

The perplexities that often beset American colleges and uni-
versities were not in evidence. The " accursed problem," as
Burns styled it, " of making one pound do the work of five,"
the hard necessity that turns the chief executive from an edu-
cator into a sturdy beggar for funds to keep the poor thing
alive; the narrow rivalry that sometimes springs up between
well-meaning but ambitious departments or professors; the
competition of other institutions appealing for patronage or
public favor; the sharp antagonism of conscientious religious
zealots; the attempts at exploitation of the whole or a part of
the funds in behalf of pohtical or semi-political organizations;
the investigations by officious legislative committees eager to
criticise in the interest of economy; the colhsions between
'Hown " and "gown"; the craze for overdone rough and
tumble athletics, intercollegiate brutahty, the " hazings," the
" rushes," the sometimes poisonous politics of secret fraterni-
ties; from these and many other distressing annoyances the
new university and its president were mercifully free.

But it must not be supposed for a moment that he had an
easy task. The toil of heart and brain he underwent in origi-
nating, building, controlling, and perfecting that vast and won-
derful structure was almost incredible. Only those who have
had to do with the beginnings of new educational institutions
are likely to grasp appreciatively that threefold plan, — of
excavating deeper in many directions for treasures hitherto
hidden, of sending forth to hundreds of great schools specialists

Memorial Symposium 17

trained in the processes of working in new mines of thought,
and of arousing scores of universities to estabUsh and maintain
post-graduate courses of their own; and all this not for a genera-
tion, but to go on forever, " enlarging," to use the language of
Lord Bacon, " enlarging the bounds of human empire to the
effecting of all things possible."

We may well be amazed at his other multitudinous activities ,
both before and after he resigned the presidency in 1901, at
the age of seventy. There is not time here and now to more
than mention some of the most important, such as his editorial
work in Norton's Literary Gazette; his speech at Manchester,
England, in 1853, on primary and secondary education in
America; his correspondence while abroad with prominent
American newspapers; his cooperation in publishing the
Connecticut Common School Journal, Guyot's Geographies and
Wall Maps, Appleton's American Encyclopedia, Webster's
Revised Dictionary; his address at the opening of Sibley
College, also at the bicentennial celebration of Norwich, Conn.,
also on the " Launching of a University " (1906) ; his discourse
on ''University Problems"; his biographies of President
Monroe and Professor Dana; his editorship of the works of
Lieber, of Dr. Thompson, and De Tocqueville's " Democracy
in America"; contributions to Johnson's Cyclopedia; editor-
ship of the New International Encyclopedia; services as United
States commissioner to the French exposition, chairman of the
Committee on Awards at the Atlanta exposition (1895) , mem-
ber of the Venezuela Commission (1896), member of the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society and of the British Association for
the Advancement of Science, president of the American Bible
Society, also of the Baltimore Municipal Art Society, also of
the American Oriental Society, also of the Baltimore Charity
Organization, also of the Civil Service Reform Association, also
of the trustees of the John F. Slater Fund, also of the Carnegie
Institution ; also joint trustee of the Winchester Observatory,
the Russell Sage Foundation, and the Peabody Education Fund,
of which he was vice-president ; vice-president also of the Ameri-
can Archaeological Society; and last, but far from least, head
director of the magnificent Johns Hopkins Hospital, to which
the medical world is unspeakably indebted.

A fiery mind is pretty sure to burn up a frail body. The

18 Daniel Coit Gilman

hardiest physique will wear out under incessant toil. Every
man of talent has his option, either to shine brilliantly and die
soon, or

" To husband out life's taper at the close,
And keep the flame from wasting by repose."

If it was ambition that impelled our classmate to remain too
long in the focus and full blaze of glory, it was an honorable
ambition, but let us give him credit for a nobler motive than a
ruling desire of fame.

Let me call attention to one prominent aim of his which
nearly all his eulogists seem to have overlooked. In his
inaugural address (1876), speaking of the educational discus-
sions prevalent in all civilized communities at the close of the
hundredth year of the republic, these words are central: " It
means a wish for less misery among the poor, less ignorance in
the schools, less bigotry in the temple, less suffering in the
hospital.'* Hear Andrew D. White's testimony written last
October: ^' When I went with him to Europe in 1853, his
main interest was in ragged schools and the bringing of educa-
tion practically within the reach of the poorest classes."
White adds: " I have known him fifty-five years, and I have
never known a day during that whole period when his thoughts
were not upon some enterprise for the good of his fellow-men/'
May 22, 1907, he wrote to us of his deep interest in the Slater
Fund for the education of the humblest of Americans, the
colored freedmen. Last October the superintendent of the
Johns Hopkins Hospital said in his memorial address, " Gilman
came often to the hospital before breakfast, and, on occasion,
spent a night here, and this, too, when burdened with university
duties. . . . His kindness of heart and keen sympathy with
the poor and friendless led him to modify many stringent regu-
lations then generally in force in other hospitals." What is
this but the spirit of Him who gave as proof of his Messiahship,
*^ The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are
cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and " —
crown of crowns — " the poor have the gospel preached to them^'f
In the presence of such greatness and tenderness, how the ex-
ploits of warriors and the triumphs of politicians sink into
insignificance !

Memorial Symposium 19

Another strange omission by his encomiasts : They make no
mention of the vast service he rendered to the greatest cause
that for several years past has occupied the attention of the
civiUzed world, — international arbitration. On the 31st of May,
1905, at the Lake Mohonk Conference, he suggested the im-
portance of a systematic effort in all colleges and universities
to promote the study of a possible peaceful solution of all inter-
national disputes. Two days later he was made chairman of
a committee of six, of which our most eminent living diploma-
tist, Andrew D. White, was a member, to formulate a plan for
securing concerted efforts among undergraduate students for
the study and discussion of this great subject. The plan met
with immediate and extraordinary success. At the next annual
Mohonk Conference, June 1, 1906, he reported that one hundred
and fifteen institutions had taken favorable and, in many cases,
important action. His report the following year, May 23,
1907, showed an increase to one hundred and forty. At the
Mohonk Conference last June, about two hundred universities
and colleges and very many schools of lower grade were shown
to be actively engaged in the work. It seems likely to become
general in schools for secondary and higher education. Its
importance in the near future can hardly be overestimated.

Swedenborg tells us, ** In heaven the angels are always ad-
vancing toward the spring-time of their youth, so that the
oldest angel appears the youngest." But such a life as Gil-
man's shows that we need not wait for translation thither; all
along it flowered out in consummate beauty and immortal
youth till its very close on earth.

20 Daniel Coit Gilman

Fasciculus IV

New York, November 3, 1908.
My dear Cutter, — Your letter of 27th ult. came to this address
before I returned to the city from my summer home in Connecti-
cut. This will explain the tardiness of my reply to your sug-
gestion of a " symposium " of class tributes to our recently
deceased and lamented classmate, Gilman. I do not quite
understand the scope of the proposed tributes, nor the mode
of combining and using them when contributed. Evidently
they must be very brief if intended for publication in any form.
Such necessarily would be anything I can say on the subject
specially assigned to me, viz., that of the cumulative honors
of LL.D. conferred upon him. I have kept no trace or record
of these scholastic degrees, hence am not able to name the
sources nor enumerate the specific achievements on which they
were based.* My own impression is that these degrees, which
in most other cases are given in recognition of eminence in some
particular field of scholastic or literary labors, were in Oilman's
case founded on a broader view of his all-around characteristics
as an educational organizer, with practical business judgment
combined with highly developed literary ability. The degree
of LL.D. in itself, as now used, has generally no reference to any
prominence in legal learning, but is adopted as an expression of
the highest academic appreciation of good service in any of the
higher ranges of scholarly work, and sometimes for eminent
public service not strictly scholarly. In any of these applica-
tions the titles and the honors implied were worthily bestowed
on our classmate. To those of us who remember Gilman in his
undergraduate days, his subsequent career was but a develop-
ment and fulfillment of the characteristics manifest in the

* Since this was written I have ascertained that the honorary degree of LL.D. was
conferred upon Gilman by no less than ten educational institutions, including the four
leading universities of the United States. Thb is a remarkable record, perhaps not
equaled in number in any other instance in this country or elsewhere. Doubtless each
of these honorary degrees was based upon certain specific phases of the recipient's
many-sided work in the educational field, which in its range afforded abundant cause
for multiform recognition. It may be added in this connection, and as evidence of
Oilman's social cosmopolitanism, that he was a member of six of the higher order
of clubs in different localities, each of a distinctively literary caste. Probably some of
these memberships were also honorary.

Memorial Symposium 21

college student. Hence his great success in later years has been
no surprise to his college mates. This success is so fully estab-
lished and so permanently recorded in actual achievement that
neither the giving nor the withholding of honorary titles could
add to or detract from its far-reaching and beneficial influence.
Certainly no words of feeble eulogy are needed from any of the
few survivors of those undergraduate days of promise to extol
or magnify the fruition so widely recognized by the world at
large.

Very truly yours,

GEO. A. WILCOX.
To Ephraim Cutter, M.D., Sec'y.

22 Daniel Coit Gilman

Fasciculus V

Harvard University, Cambridge.
S* April 29, 1909.

■' My dear Sir, — President Gilman and Johns Hopkins Univer-
sity were fortunate in that the university was able to control
a large hospital, in immediate connection with which its medi-
cal school could be carried on. This fortunate condition has
never obtained at the Harvard Medical School. The univer-
sity is dependent on other boards of trustees for its cHnical
facilities. This is a great disadvantage, but we have some hope
that it is about to be overcome.

Very truly yours,

CHARLES W. ELIOT.
Dr. Ephraim Gutter.

Memorial Symposium 23

Fasciculus VI

Ithaca, N. Y., May 8, 1909.

Dr. Ephraim Cutter, West Falmouth, Mass.

Dear Dr. Cutter, — At various times during my life in Europe
after leaving college I met Oilman and came into close relations
with him. Indeed, on our first journey to Europe we were
cabin mates together, and during our subsequent stay in London
and Paris were room mates for some weeks. Various things
we saw together, but our paths diverged somewhat, since he
was devoted to popular education and I could not resist the
fascinations of sightseeing. It was very interesting to see how
naturally at that period he took his place among leaders and
how highly he was appreciated by them, among others by
Cobden, Bright, and Lord Goodrich. Indeed, the first two
insisted on his addressing with them the great educational meet-
ing at Manchester.

Several years later I met him delightfully in Switzerland,
interesting as ever, full of thoughtful discussion upon every-
thing we saw.

In the early days, first of Cornell and later of Johns Hopkins
University, I saw him often, and one thing astonished me.
There was not only sound thought, but there was at times a
very striking originality in his views as to what was desirable
in what was called in those days ^' the new education." He
abounded in fruitful suggestions, and he certainly had a most
remarkable ability in the choice of those who were to cooperate
with him in university work.

Very noteworthy was his visit to BerUn during the second
period of my official fife there. The impressions made by him
upon the foremost scholars living in that city, and, indeed, upon
leading men of affairs, was deep. He was at that time visiting
sundry institutions in the city and its neighborhood and famil-
iarizing himself with various fields of scientific observation in
view of his presidency of the Carnegie Institution, and their
opinions of him as expressed to me afterward were everywhere
most favorable. He seemed to me at his very best.

24 Daniel Coit Gilman

We were both of us certainly greatly pleased when it turned
out that President Cleveland had appointed us as colleagues
in the Venezuela Commission in 1895. His habit of close and
careful work and his early geographical studies came in most
usefully during this whole period. My duty being in the line
of historical work, we were especially thrown together, and I
always prized my discussions with him.

Our last meeting was in Rome during the closing days of
May last year. He was as kindly and in every way delightful
as ever, but clearly somewhat weary. He seemed slightly
depressed and easily fatigued. I remember with especial
pleasure a day passed by us together under excellent auspices
in the Forum among the more recent excavations, and espe-
cially those which had brought to view the House of the Vestals.
Our last hours together were passed when he dined with me on
the 24th of May. He was still cheery and kindly, sitting under
the trees in the garden of the Quirinale Hotel during a lovely
day. He was as joyous and hearty as in his college days, and
he discussed various Italian matters with as much interest as
at any period in his life. I have a feeling of gratitude that
these last days which we passed together were in every way so
delightful and only deepened the happy impressions made upon
me by our earlier life together.
I remain.

Yours faithfully,

AND. D. WHITE.

Memorial Symposium 25

Fasciculus VII

John C. Thomas
Room 1068, Calvert Building
Baltimore

July 6, 1909.
Dr. E. Cutter, West Falmouth, Mass.

Dear Sir, — Your letter of inquiry for some details of Johns
Hopkins not yet published was duly received, and I have jotted
down a few, as they have occurred to me in the intervals of
business occupation. I hope they may be of some use to you.
I believe them to be strictly correct, having had first-hand
opportunity to learn them from his associates, and having been
myself in contact with him.

Sincerely yours,

JOHN C. THOMAS.

Johns Hopkins was born of very respectable Quaker parent-
age May 19, 1795, in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Though
he did not retain through life the membership with the Friends
acquired by birth, he attended their meetings quite regularly
on Sundays as long ashehved, and was a regular contributor.
Farm life was too slow for the ambitious boy, and acting, it is
said, on his mother's sage remark, " My son, if thee wants to
make money, thee must go where money is," he came to Balti-
more and entered the wholesale grocery and commission house
of his cousins, T. W. and G. T. Hopkins. In a few years he
went into business on his own account and soon distinguished
himself for his shrewdness and courage.

He had none of the unscrupulous cunning that has charac-
terized so many of the more modern financiers and manipu-
lators. The business of that day was conducted on long credits;
merchants in buying their goods would give notes payable in
six, twelve, and eighteen months, and the country merchants to
whom the goods were sold had to give long credits to the farmers.
Money was scarce and high, collections were slow and often
difficult. A buyer might be perfectly honorable in his inten-
tions, and yet if he did not exercise good judgment as to the
solvency of his customers, he would ultimately fail himself and
drag others down with him.

26 Daniel Coit Gilman

Johns Hopkins had the rare instinct of knowing whom to
trust and whom to pass by. His endorsement on a note came
to mean not only that he guaranteed to pay it, if needs be, but
also it was a quasi certificate of the business ability of the
maker and was worth considerable in that way. He was accus-
tomed to charge well for his endorsement, or would often dis-
count a note himself. In this way he saved many a firm from
bankruptcy when he was satisfied that it really had the assets,
and only needed time to collect them. In times of financial
stress he came to be a tower of strength. In the early days of
the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, when its credit was exhausted
and many feared it would never be finished, its stock got very
low. Johns Hopkins bought largely, loaned it money, and
helped to reform the management. He eventually realized
great profit in the advance, as the railroad was brought to
completion and extended to point after point far beyond the
original plan.

The state of Maryland, about the same period, loaned its
credit to several enterprises of public improvement that were
imexpectedly long in being completed, and its finances became
so involved that there was talk of repudiation, after the example
of several southern states. Johns Hopkins, however, had faith
that Maryland would fulfill all its obligations, and bought
largely of its bonds at the low prices then current. This trans-
action also brought him large profit and helped to build up his
fortune, which was in those days considered a great one.

He attributed his remarkable success to an overruling Provi-
dence, and remarked to his confidential friend and adviser that
he beUeved that his wealth was given to him for a good purpose,
and that he was trying to dispose of it with that end in view.

Memorial Symposium 27

Fasciculus VIII

OLD AND NEW *

WILLIAM OSLER, M.D.
Regius Professor of Medicine in the University of Oxford, Oxford, England

A UNIQUE opportunity, indeed, was the founding of the Johns
Hopkins Hospital. That those of us intrusted with its organi-
zation should have won your esteem and should have been
adopted by the city and by the state is by far the best testi-
monial of our character and of our work. Considering the cir-
cumstances, it might easily have been otherwise. But the
success of that experiment must not be attributed altogether
to the professional side. Such men as Francis T. King, Judge
Dobbin, Dr. Carey Thomas, and Francis White were equal to the
occasion, and we owe much to their wisdom and good manage-
ment. But to one man more than all others I would like to
express my personal thanks, — Daniel C. Oilman, whose name
will be forever associated with fundamental reforms in Ameri-
can educational methods. And at the Johns Hopkins Hospital
we shall always cherish his memory for the work done in con-
nection with its organization, and for his unfailing interest in
the work of the medical school. When I heard of his happy
death, the words of Elisha rose to my lips: " My father, my
father, the chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof." It is
one of my deep regrets to miss on this occasion the greetings of
a man whose encouragement and support meant so much in
my life here.

* Anniial oration on the occasion of the opening of the new building of the Medical
and Chirurgical faculty of Maryland, May 13, 1909.

28 Daniel Coit Oilman

Fasciculus IX

CONTRIBUTION OF THE SECRETARY

Daniel Coit Oilman entered Yale in 1848 and graduated in
1852. Yale is noted for its class spirit, and it seems fit in a
class obituaiy to take the Yale College view of him and of all its
graduates ; that Yale simply laid the foundations of future use-
fulness, a jpou sto on which to build a good character for church
and state. We may speak of him as in college and then of him
as fruiting, like apples of gold in pictures of silver.

Some of His Collegiana

Went all through the whole course with no tobacco, cards,
oaths, impurity, nor liquors.

Was in the second division, of which at the time of his death
there were eight or nine survivors, out of a total of fifteen of
the class.

Out of fifty-five prizes awarded to twenty-eight of his class,
he took four.

Belonged to J A' as freshman; J J ^ as junior; Skull and
Bones and <^ /^ A' as senior.

Was a member of the College Congregational church.

At Junior exhibition he was a manager and had a part, '^ Dis-
ceptatio Latina," with Safford, and a dissertation, " The
Poetical in Our College Life," the only one person given two
parts.

At the Wooden Spoon exhibition he 'had a poem, " The
Prosaical in Our College Life "; a colloquy, " The Gobblers
Gobbled," with A. Bigelow and Cutter, and another colloquy
with A. Bigelow, '* Meeting of the Society of the Veteran
Antiquarians." He had thus three out of seventeen parts
performed by twelve performers whose names were given. At
commencement, in 1852, he was the twenty-fifth of fifty-three
honored with parts, and had a dissertation on " Anesthesia."

He was mildly athletic, being purser of the Atlanta Boat Club,
1852, and one of those who voted in the majority not to accept
the Sophs' challenge to football, the idea being that it was, as

Memorial Symposium 29

Seropyan at the meeting said, " a barbarous custom, unworthy
of gentlemen," an unpopular idea then as now.

He thought well of athletics as an exercise, and of fun as
equally necessary.* (Elizabeth Oilman.)

He certainly was close in touch with the faculty, as all through
college he boarded with his uncle. Prof. J. L. Kingsley, LL.D.,
known best as '' Uncle Jimmie "; and as his brother Edward,
Yale 1843, was tutor, he could not help this intimacy.

The following extract from the album of one of his classmates,
placed against his beautiful lithograph, gives a good picture of
his social college character:

Yale College, May 25, 1852,

Friend C , — I sit down to write on your autograph leaf,

with the thoughts of last Friday night still fresh in my mind,
when, with a few other " Beethoveners," we roused fair ladies
from their slumbers with the serenaders' songs. Not only your
clear and pleasant voice, but your constant flow of cheerful
spirit have added zest to many such occasions and enhanced
the ^' Poetry of our College Life " (his Junior exhibition sub-
ject), but our intercourse has not been confined to scenes like
this. We have been together in more serious hours, and in
graver as well as gayer moments have harmonized together.
I shall think of you always as singing your way through life's
short course, and when such songs are over, may you join in
nobler strains above.

I am sincerely your friend and classmate,

Daniel C. Oilman.

He was not a singer, but liked serenading his lady friends,
who enjoyed it much more. The " serious hours " referred
to class prayer meetings, receptions given to Him who " made
the stars also,'' — even Arcturus, which if placed where the sun
is, would be about as near to us as Venus, and our earth would
instantly vanish into vapor, they tell us! Was it not well to
meet with One of such glorious, astounding power? We think
he thus got dynamis that made him such a kinetic energy for
good in the world. No good reason why such meetings are
not popular. Out of six Doctors of Laws of 1852, four were
attendants of prayer meetings and the other two were church

* President Crapo says: Seropyan's speech carried the day by a close vote. But
McConmick, Sill, and others made a petition to accept, and got signers enough. Crapo
and others who voted against it joined in, but we were beatl The Secretary knew
nothing of it for many years afterwards.

30 Daniel Coit Gilman

members where prayer meetings are not so much made of.
Surely God honors those who honor him!

" The Remarkable Coeval Education of Great Future
University Presidents in 1848-1853 "

This was the subject of a very able paper by our classmate,
Rev. Dr. Jacob Cooper, a man of whom it was said, if all the
Hebrew Bibles in the world were destroyed, he could rewrite
another. Of course he referred to Gilman and President W. P.
Johnston, of Tulane (he should have added our Dr. H. B.
Sprague, the president of a university, and protagonist of large
United States summer schools), also Hon. Andrew D. White,
Yale 1853. He might have brought in President Eliot, Har-
vard 1853. Such a quintet of future organizers of university
education was, he said, unparalleled, and time sustains this
estimate. But they could not have done their great work and
gained their great reputations unless the Lord had lavished on
our nation riches of agriculture, mining, inventions, immigra-
tion, colossal railroad enterprises, utilizing of gigantic natural
material resources, increase of population and wealth in mar-
velous ways, so that our national wealth is now estimated at
one hundred and twenty-seven billions of dollars !

To Him be all the praise! Credit should be given also to
Messrs. Cornell, Johns Hopkins, Tulane, and the multitudinous
donors of Harvard and Yale, when the names of these institu-
tional presidents are spoken of. The eleemosynary idea of
Harvard, for example, is strongly impressed when its living
graduates are called to contribute for the benefit of President
Eliot after his resignation. Rightly, too, save as to his new
religion. There is no reason why the histories of such careers
should not include appreciations of those great donors who
made such histories possible by their money and impossible
without them.

With Gilman in Yale after Graduation

The words of ex-President Woolsey form an academic appre-
ciation entirely satisfactory, specially to those who were stu-
dents under him, to this effect, " Gilman is the most promising
and satisfactory young educationalist I know of.'^ Dear old
president, how good of you to say so !

Memorial Symposium 31

Was His Life One Trialless Round op Success ?

He would not have been human were it so. There was once
a time when ruin impended to Johns Hopkins University be-
cause of failures in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad securities.
All honor to the public-spirited Baltimoreans who contributed
funds to tide over this emergency! Oilman was fortunate in
the primary foundation of seven millions of dollars, and more
fortunate in the timely gifts of his noble benefactors! Not
every classmate of his was so fostered in his financial straits.
An official writes that his salary as president of Johns Hopkins
was not over ten thousand dollars per annum.

Did he reaUze all his expectations that he raised in his Balti-
more inaugural address? He said, " We welcome any new
ideas, no matter whence they come." But he did not receive
the following ideas when presented by Judge Dobbin, one of the
Johns Hopkins trustees: The foodal treatment of tuberculosis;
the removal of albuminuria by food, etc. He showed the writer
a receptacle containing, he said, five hundred frogs, yet he never
demonstrated Dr. S. Weir Mitchell's syntheses of cataracts in
frogs by sugar endosmosis, nor the foodal treatment of heart
disease, of which he died himself, etc.

Surely he must have been hampered somewhere, as he was
also on medical matters in the Carnegie Foimdation. He was a
man of his words, and if he did not realize them it must have
been because of environments beyond his control. Had he
pushed the open-air food treatment mentioned in 20 b.c. by
Celsus, and in 1794 by Dr. Benjamin Rush, in tuberculosis, he
would have excelled his present fame. His words at one of our
quinquennial reunions voiced a " mene, mene, tekel upharsin ''
estimate as to his own and our doings: " None of us has done
anything to last, or added to the knowledge of mankind.''
This utterance was passed over and nothing said to the contrary,
as an after-dinner controversy is out of place. The universal
comments since his death are the furthest from his being
weighed in the balance and found wanting, a matter not to be
discussed here ; but this is far more creditable to him than if he
had proudly exalted himself above his class and not classed
himself along with them in temporahty and fruition.

Good for His Yale Spirit
" Genial, scholarly, courtly, in touch with the best and domi-

32 Daniel Coit Gilman

nant influences of the nation, Dr. Gilman brought honor to
any institution he served. And he in turn esteemed it an honor
that he was president of the American Bible Society." —
Memorial Minute of the Managers, 1908.

Why?

Because had there been no Bible there would have been no
Yale, nor Cahfornia, nor Johns Hopkins universities. No place
for them in Bibleless lands !

Because it is the deathless book. — Rev. Dr. D. 0. Mears.

Because, if all accept the authenticity of Tacitus, Homer,
Virgil, and Herodotus on the testimony of eleven or twelve
contemporaneous authors of antiquity, then why reject the
Bible with eleven or twelve hundred or more? — Prof. C. E.
Stowe.

Because Josephus says practically that had not the writers
of the Bible told the truth, they would have been put to death
by the Jewish laws.

Because the Bible has been translated into some five hundred
languages and dialects.

Because no other book has been published by different socie-
ties specially organized for the purpose and in such enormous
numbers and for so many years.

Because in the year ending July 1, 1903, one Bible house
pubUshed and sent away ten million English copies. Ten
miUion Bibles in one year, when the United States Congressional
Library has taken more than one hundred years to collect less
than two million volumes.*

Because Jonathan Edwards, Yale 1720, Academic, the fifth
in a class of ten graduates, is probably the greatest of all Yale
alumni, and this came from the Bible.

Because Hiram Bingham, Yale 1853, one of the greatest
modern Yalesians, as he went among cannibals, reduced their
language to writing, translated the whole Bible and saw it
through the press — the John EUot of the Gilbertese — and as
with the Bible he lifted them up to a new and higher life and
gave them all their literature!

* The British Museum, it is said, has four millions of volumes, requiring forty-eight
miles of shelves. At this rate the issue above named would occupy one hundred and
twenty miles of shelving, or, in President Eliot's sixty-inch library estimate' one hundred
and ninety miles!

Memorial Symposium 33

Because, take away all the Bibles in the world, there would
be no place for universities such as our deceased classmate
founded, as storehouses of food of the spiritual kingdom.*

Notable Admission. ^' In a popular weekly," says The
Christian y of London, '' the question has been mooted as to
what single book would be the best for a man to have with
him — a work of which he would not tire — supposing he were
cast for a year upon a desert island. As may be imagined, the
replies were varied enough, but one answer is very significant:

' . . I am a rationalist, an agnostic, a freethinker. I make
this statement with all seriousness that should accompany
expression on such an important subject, that if I were stranded
on an island and doomed to live in solitude, the one book that
I should wish to have by me for constant study and reference
would be the English Bible. For I know of no book that has
so helped me in the past and promises to be a steadfast guide
in the future. After years of study the profundity of its
psychological menage astounds the intellect, and the apparent
sincerity that resounds through all its chapters adds a fervent
tone.

^' ' Besides, for simplicity and beauty of word and phrase, it
undeniably holds the monopoly of all the most trenchant, the
most ennobhng, and the most inspiriting of the verbal possi-
bilities of the English language.' "

Charles Dudley Warner says a fair knowledge of the Bible is
in itself almost a liberal education.

Partial List op Offices and Memberships

Administrator remarkable for selecting and dealing with men.

Attache United States Legation, Russia.

Auspicer of first annual meeting of American Librarians.

Author, " The Launching of a University."

Biographer of James D. Dana.

Biographer of James Monroe.

Chairman Committee of Awards, Atlanta Exposition.

Chairman Committee of Six at Lake Mohonk to report a plan of
systematic effort in all colleges and universities for the study of a
possible peaceful solution of all international disputes.

* Note that being a Bible man, prayer-meeting attendant, lover of music, poet,
virgin, an oathless, temperance man did not prevent Gilman from attaining the
highest position in life, where he served Church and State gloriously according to the
idea that Yale was founded to attain in its graduates.

34 Daniel Coit Gilman

Chairman Walter Reed Yellow Fever Commission.

Citizen, public spirited and a splendid type.

Co-editor Norton's Literary Magazine.

Co-editor Yale Literary Magazine.

Commissioner, Baltimore City Charter and public schools.

Commissioner Paris Exposition, 1855.

Commissioner, Venezuela.

Contributor to Appleton's Encyclopedia.

Contributor to Johnson's Encyclopedia.

Cooperator in publishing Connecticut Common School Journaif
Guyot's Geographies and Maps.

Corresponding member of the American Geographical Society.

Corresponding member of the British Association for the Advance-
ment of Science and of many other scientific and historical societies.

Corresponding member of Massachusetts Historical Society.

Director Johns Hopkins Hospital.

Editor De Tocqueville's " Democracy in America."

Editor works of Lieber.

Editor New International Encyclopedia.

Editor Rev. Dr. J. P. Thompson's works.

Editor, 1864-5-6, Yale Obituary Records.

Facile princeps in a class of educators at Yale in 1852-3.

Fellow American Academy.

Fellow American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.

Foremost in every good word and work.

Founder of the Baltimore Civil Service Reform.

Founder of the Baltimore League.

Founder of the Baltimore Municipal Art Society.

Founder of the Baltimore New Mercantile Library.

Founder of the Charity Organization of Maryland.

Good of his fellow-men his aim.

Great taskmaster, with mild but fatal insistence.

Helped support himself in college.

Incorporator General Board of Education Commission.

International Arbitrator.

Librarian and assistant librarian at Yale.

LL.D.s ten, the largest number in Yale and Harvard catalogues;
also in the world (President Northrup at Yale's two hundred and
fiftieth anniversary).

Member American Geographical Society.

Member of American Philosophical Society.

Member of Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.

Member of Council, Yale School of Fine Arts.

Memorial Symposium 35

Member of New York Academy of Science.

Mercantiler in his father's store.

Naturalizer of the American idea of a university.

Officer of PubHc Instruction in France.

Officer of Winchester Astronomical Observatory.

Orator, Norwich bi-centennial.

Orator, Manchester, England, on primary and secondary American
education.

Orator before the New Haven Historical Society in the address on
the removal of Yale from Saybrook.

Orator, " The Story of Fifty Years in the Sheffield Scientific School.''

Orator, Yale bi-centennial ; address on Science and Letters in Yale.

Orator semi-centennial at Wisconsin University.

Organizer Johns Hopkins Medical School.

Organizer W^alter Reed Commission.

Organizer Johns Hopkins Press.

Organizer Sheffield Scientific School,

President American Bible Society.

President American Oriental Society.

President American Social Science Association.

President Association of Colleges in the Middle States.

President Carnegie Institution.

President Linonia Society.

President National Civil Service Reform.

President " Science," a newspaper association.

President J. F. Slater Fund.

President University of California.

President Johns Hopkins University.

President Emeritus of Johns Hopkins University.

Presidencies declined: Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
Army Investigation Commission.

Private teacher at New Haven.

Professor Physical and Political Geography, Yale.

Reviser Webster's Dictionary.

School visitor, New Haven, Corm.

Secretary Connecticut Board of Education.

Securer of large subscriptions for Sheffield Scientific School, Johns
Hopkins University and Medical School.

Superintendent Johns Hopkins Hospital.

Superintendent Johns Hopkins Medical School.

Trustee of General Board to provide Education throughout the
American Union.

Trustee of Peabody Educational Fund.

Trustee Peabody Institute, Baltimore.

36 Daniel Coit Gilman

Trustee Pratt Free Library.

Trustee Samuel Ready Orphans' School, Baltimore.
Vice-President American Archeological Institute.
Vice-President Peabody Educational Fund.
Voyager, ten African and European tours.

List op Clubs

1. Authors', New York.

2. Century, New York.

3. Grolier, New York.

4. University, New York.

5. Cobden, London.

6. Cosmos, Washington, D. C.

7. Johns Hopkins, Baltimore.

8. University, Baltimore.

Ten LL.Ds.

Highest academic honors post-graduate.

So far as Yale and Harvard are concerned, Gilman heads the
record, imless the writer has made a mistake. Lord Kelvin
comes next, with nine LL.D.s. Out of fifteen LL.D.s conferred
on six of Yale 1852, two thirds are his.

Ex-President White, Yale 1853, follows well, with six LL.D.s,
while President Porter had three. President Woolsey three.
President Day one, Jonathan Edwards none. The class of
1852 feels proud of this highest distinction of Gilman over all
other classes in the world (President Northrup), which, if value-
less, Gilman himself would never have officially conferred nor
received. Nor would they be programmed at commencements
and centennials, nor inked, nor spaced in the quinquennial
catalogues. It may be doubted whether they are worthily
bestowed in some cases, but not in Oilman's —

Because, with considerable pains to get the reasons, they are
as follows:

(1) Harvard, 1876. No records kept.

(2) St. John's, Maryland, 1876, being the oldest academic
institution in Maryland, thought it a fitting recognition of the
youngest to bestow such a degree upon the man who had been
chosen to direct the course of the new and richly endowed
university, and time has justified the tribute.* ^

* St. John's, Fordham, N. Y. (addressed by mistake), Vice-President said, "I re-
gret to state that we have not the honor of claiming Daniel Coit Gilman as one of our
degree men."

Memorial Symposium 37

(3) Columbia University, 1887. " President of Johns Hop-
kins University only/'

(4) Yale, 1889. No record. Rev. Dr. Palmer, Fellow, says:
" No doubt his services to science and to education and his
position in a sister university were considered, but the facts
connected with the vote have quite faded out of my memory."
The practice of having a public orator to present the candidate
had not then commenced.

(5) University of North Carolina, 1889. Centennial cele-
bration. No specific record. Doubtless, both on account of
his scholarly achievements and the high position he held as
president of Johns Hopkins University.

(6) Princeton, 1896. For his eminent services in the devel-
opment of American university education, and particularly for
his great work in the organization and administration of Johns
Hopkins University.

(7) University of Toronto, 1903. No record.

" It was, I am quite satisfied, his high standing in' the aca-
demic world." — Registrar.

(8) University of Wisconsin, semi-centennial jubilee, 1904.
President Van Hise: *' Daniel Coit Oilman, successively pro-
fessor at Yale, president of the State University of California,
first president of Johns Hopkins University, first president of
the Carnegie Institution of Washington; for leadership in
education and especially for the development in America of two
institutions of the highest type committed primarily to scholar-
ship and research, on behalf of the faculty and regents I have
the honor to confer upon you the degree of Doctor of Laws of
the University of Wisconsin."

(9) WilUam and Mar>- College, 1906.

" A recognition of his abiUty and merit."

(10) Clark University, 1905. "As the creator of the Johns
Hopkins University, he was the leader in the great university^
movement in this country, and raised the level of all academic
work."

Query. — Could he have " created " it without Johns Hop-
kins?

Ask people how far they can see, and probably ninety per
cent will say, " Perhaps ten miles." But they see the moon,
237,000 miles, and the sun, 93.000,000 miles, distant. So Saint

38 Daniel Coit Gilman

Paul addresses an epistle to the saints in Ephesus (made by
grace). Thus eyesight and privileges are not fully estimated
because Christians are not now called saints as they were in the
first century.

Dr. Sprague, ex-president of a university, said money had
been offered him for degrees.

But, as said before. Oilman's unusual degrees were honestly
received, and we should estimate them at their real value and
not as perfunctory.

Never a Military Man

Entangled with more than sixty vocations and avocations,
how could he? The wonder is that he filled as many positions
and places as he did !

President Oilman's Aims

In his inaugural, February 22, 1876, he said, *' The new uni-
versity was to develop character, to make men." A Yale idea,
always found where there is a true Yale man.

" Another great aim was to stand for the doctrine that
religion claims to interpret the ' words of Ood ' (as Johns Hop-
kins, the Quaker, said) and science to reveal his laws. Inter-
preters may blunder, but truths are immutable, eternal, and
never in conflict."

For the Johns Hopkins University he chose the motto, " The
truth shall make you free." Upon these, the words of the Oreat-
est Teacher, Yale, too, was founded; Harvard also. Congrega-
tionally and Quakerly, Dr. Oilman acted as a minister, for many
years conducting public worship in chapel.

Johns Hopkins charged his trustees '' to provide for the soul
and give the earthly body a spiritual and intellectual character
that should administer to the eternal part of man while not
neglecting the temporal." Fortunate his trustees were in
having Oilman to carry out this Yale idea rather than that now
so much made of at Yale, — the excessive exaltation of the
temporal in spectacular meets of thirty to forty thousand
people. Thank Ood for this work of Oilman !

" He was indifferent to nothing which has to do with human
welfare "; hence his many avocations and affiliations. ^

Memorial Symposium 39

Hospitable he wa^ to students and " always inspiring confi-
dence and manifesting kindness towards those who served as
teachers under him, thereby securing a service that cannot be
bought."

No Lowering of Standards

A splendid idea for church music as shown long ago by the
great Horace Bushnell.

Ten Voyages to Europe and Africa

The old idea was that presidents of the United States and
colleges should not travel about much. Presidents Oilman and
Roosevelt broke this rule and showed in no way did it
interfere with their usefulness. Rather, it increased it and
doubtless prolonged their lives.

Though his withdrawal was complete, and he said to his suc-
cessor, " I am out of it, I cannot help you," there was no lack
of friendliness, but the ties of friendship grew stronger than /
ever. " In financial storms he never flinched. He was no
fair weather leader. He created an atmosphere good to live in
— salutary and stimulating. The success of the university
traces back to this clear, invigorating atmosphere."

May these ideals never be lost sight of I May his successors to
the remotest ages exalt them, adhere to them, and so continue
to bless the world to the honor and glory of God and Yale 1852,
academic.

251 West 81st St., New York,

and

West Falmouth, Mass., August 27, 1909.

^y THE

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