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WITTER'S 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING 
 
 AND 
 
 BUSINESS FORMS 
 
 FOR 
 
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 ,:,v- 
 
 * 
 
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 $ 0\ 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND HOME USE 
 
 THREE BLANK BOOKS 
 
 FOR 
 
 SINGLE ENTRY BOOK-KEEPING, TWO METHODS ; COPYING MODEL 
 
 LETTERS AND BUSINESS PAPERS; AND PRACTICE IN 
 
 WRITING LETTERS, BILLS, RECEIPTS, ORDERS, 
 
 AND NOTES, FROM OUTLINES GIVEN. 
 
 
 FOURTH EDITION. 
 
 
 NORWICH, 
 CONN. 
 
 C . A . WITTER 
 1903. 
 
 REDLANDS, 
 CAL. 
 
tLduC 
 
 EDUCATION DEPT' 
 
 ' ' • "•' Copyright, 18S6. 
 
 By C. A. WITTER. 
 
 Printed by The Bulletin Co. 
 Norwich, Conn. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Of all the twenty different subjects taught more or less 
 in the grammar schools, there is not one, on which there 
 is such a diversity of opinion, or no opinion at all, among 
 those who plan our Courses of Study, as on Book-keeping. 
 
 It always appears in the manuals among the subjects for 
 examination of teachers, and marked at its estimated value, 
 "two-bits," or twenty-five credits. A few progressive boards 
 have raised it to fifty. 
 
 In thej correlation of studies it is placed with arithmetic, 
 but considered by some as a separate study and far removed 
 from it. One of the leading superintendents in the state 
 said in a circular to the teachers of his county, "Arithmetic 
 and book-keeping should be correlated closely, since in the 
 latter study is found an expression of the practical use of 
 the former. Hence it is recommended that more and 
 better work be done in the latter study." So far as the 
 work done in the grammar grades is concerned, book-keep- 
 ing is a part of arithmetic. It cannot well be taught 
 in arithmetic but with it. 
 
 We teach partnership — how to divide the profits, not 
 how to find them — percentage, profit and loss, commission, 
 brokerage, insurance, taxes, duties, stocks, interest, partial 
 payments, discount, average of payments, all purely busi- 
 ness subjects, and leave out book-keeping which is closely 
 allied to them, and more necessary than any or all of them. 
 
 The graduates of the public school should be able to 
 write common business letters in good style with ease. 
 They should know the form, meaning and value of all busi- 
 ness papers in every day use, and should be capable of 
 opening, writing and closing a set of ordinary accounts by 
 the best single entry method. All this should be practiced 
 so thoroughly that it will be a pleasure, not a task when 
 the time comes for them to' do it for themselves. Is this 
 asking too much for the "Boy we teach?" Especially for 
 the boy who must complete his school education in the 
 
 (3) M118288 
 
4 TREFACE. 
 
 grammer grades? It will be about the first "Knowledge 
 learned at school/' that he will use, and he should have an 
 opportunity to get it in the grammar school. It will take 
 but little over a dollar of his money, and less than sixty 
 hours of his time. If he goes to high school, and does not 
 take the commercial course, he does not get any knowledge 
 of accounts there. 
 
 If book-keeping were made optional with pupils all would 
 willingly buy the necessary books and study it, providing 
 "may" instead of "need not" were used. If this plea for 
 book-keeping causes any honest thinking in regard to its 
 value to the average pupil in the public schools, my object 
 will be attained. 
 
 While teaching a period of thirteen years in a city school, 
 I was convinced that my graduates ought to know what is 
 mentioned above, whether they went to high school or not, 
 and whether it was on the course of study or not, but there 
 was no book containing what I wanted. Writing from 
 dictation in blanks not prepared for the work was not satis- 
 factory. Single entry books contained too much and were 
 confusing. Double entry would be useless to a majority 
 of the class. I used many text books, examined more, 
 finally planned and wrote Witters Book-keeping. The 
 first edition was published with the assured patronage of a 
 few superintendents and myself. Since then when revising 
 each edition, the suggestions of teachers have been care- 
 fully considered, and improvements that I could see while 
 using it each year, inserted, until I am confident that it is 
 the book for the place for which it was planned. 
 
 Its merits are best attested by its popular use, and the 
 commendations of the teachers who use it. 
 
 Please read the points of superiority which are claimed 
 for text book and blank books. 
 
 To the many friends who have honored my book by their 
 
 patronage, and who have said many kind words in its favor, 
 
 I would express my most sincere thanks ; and, trusting that 
 
 this, the fourth edition, will be still more worthy, I remain, 
 
 Yours, very truly, C. A. Witter. 
 
 Redlands, Cal., February ip, 1903. 
 
Points of Superiority Claimed. 
 
 The book teaches the "Single Ledger," Direct Entry, 
 method of keeping accounts. It is also called the Itemized 
 Ledger method. This method is used by ninety per cent, 
 of the people in ordinary business because it is far superior 
 to any other, and for the same reason it should be used in 
 schools. 
 
 Knowing that the writing of many methods produces 
 confusion, only two are given, the Single Ledger, on ac- 
 count of its merits, and the Day Book and Ledger method, 
 which is still used on too many examination papers. 
 
 It is prepared expressly for Seventh and Eighth Grade 
 work. 
 
 Nearly all of the work in "Accounts" consists of short 
 practical sets, thus giving practice in opening and closing 
 books. 
 
 The arrangements of the sets, that the learner may see 
 what has been written, as one person's or firm's business. 
 
 Each set represents a business for one year, the Re- 
 sources, Liabilities, and Net Capital at commencing are 
 given, and the accounts opened. At closing the Resources 
 and Liabilities are collected, a statement made, the Present 
 Worth found, and the Profit or Loss shown. 
 
 Printed directions tell where to write every thing in the 
 text book, and how much space will be needed for each 
 account. This is appreciated by teachers. 
 
 Each transaction, at first, afterwards only the most diffi- 
 
 (5) 
 
6 p6itfrs 'OF* 'superiority claimed. 
 
 cult, is followed by numbers in ( ) which refer the learner 
 to an explanation and direction for writing it. There are 
 fifty explanations. 
 
 All the Business Papers are followed by varied material 
 for reproduction. 
 
 The Blank Books are short, not long, giving a form 
 better adapted to school desks. 
 
 The spaces are as wide as copy book spaces, and long, to 
 allow free penmanship. 
 
 The paper is thick and heavy, that erasures, not holes, 
 may be made. 
 
 Only one Blank Book is used at a time, as school desks 
 are not large enough for three and a text book. 
 
 Seven different rulings for all the varied work in the text 
 book. 
 
 It is especially planned for teachers, who have not made 
 book-keeping a study. 
 
 Copying is purposely limited to the business forms. 
 
 Last, to produce the best results in the shortest time. 
 
PLAN OF WORK 
 
 FOR SEVENTH GRADE. 
 
 Part First to second year of Set III. While this is being 
 written commence Part Second and write one-half of the 
 letters, all the forms of business papers ; and about one-half 
 of the material for receipts, orders, notes, drafts and bills. 
 Then write Example X and Set IV, Part Second, and in 
 Part Third write Set VI. 
 
 FOR EIGHTH GRADE. 
 
 Review the whole by writing what was omitted in Seventh 
 Grade, viz., The Second Year of Set III in Part First. The 
 letters and the business papers that were omitted and Set 
 V in Part Second. Set VII in Part Third. 
 
 FLAN FOR EIGHTH GRADE ONLY. 
 
 The best results are obtained by doing the work outlined 
 above for Seventh Grade first, and then review the whole 
 by writing of that omitted, what the class most needs, if the 
 time is limited. 
 
 (7) 
 
TO TEACHERS 
 
 This book is planned for the learners to do the work, not 
 the teacher ; as printed directions tell where to write every 
 thing in the book, how much space for an account, etc. ; and 
 at first, a number in ( ) after a transaction refers to an 
 explanation and direction for writing it. 
 
 Pupils should require but little of your time while writing, 
 save to insist upon accuracy, perfect spelling, their best pen- 
 manship, plain figures, and straight lines, not freehand. 
 
 The class will write more intelligently, and progress more 
 satisfactorily if the questions on the last pages of this book 
 or better ones are used while the work is being done. 
 
 To save time the teacher should have a set of blanks 
 written out, then when a pupil cannot possibly get the cor- 
 rect result, and concludes that the error is in the text book, 
 let him read the amounts only, from his book, and by com- 
 paring them with the amounts in your book, you can quickly 
 detect the error, and thus avoid the greatest perplexity in 
 teaching Book-Keeping. A set can be bought, begged or 
 borrowed when a class has finished the work. 
 
 See plan for doing the work in seventh and eighth grades. 
 Page 7. 
 
 As business transactions are written in certain forms, it 
 is well to teach some of them first, by dictating them to< be 
 written on the board or paper. A few are on page 21. 
 
 Then study Set I, page 2J, and commence writing at Ex. 
 I, page 42. 
 
 (8) 
 
TO PUPILS. 
 
 "Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well," is 
 very true in regard to Book-Keeping. 
 
 Think about each transaction- before you write it ; if you 
 have any doubt, read the direction. 
 
 Do not ask your teacher questions that you can decide 
 yourself, by thinking. 
 
 Your trouble will not be to know but to do. 
 Write every word plainly. 
 Make every figure clearly. 
 Spell every word correctly. 
 Draw every line properly. 
 Make your calculations accurately. 
 Do all the work neatly. 
 Keep your columns vertically. 
 Write everything thoughtfully. 
 You will need beside this book and its accompanying 
 blank books, black ink and pen, red ink and pen, a small 
 rule, and a blotter; you may need a sharp knife. 
 
 If you cannot add a column of figures, or multiply, sub- 
 tract, and divide small numbers correctly, you had better 
 practice until you can. 
 
 Perhaps this advice will be needed by just one boy in the 
 class ; if you are a lazy, careless, thoughtless, don't-care sort 
 of a boy, do not begin this book, it will be nothing but 
 errors, mistakes, and blunders and blots, and you will not 
 succeed in book-keeping, or any thing else that requires 
 thought. 
 
 (9) 
 
Directions and Explanations. 
 
 1 — Book-Keeping is the science of accounts. There are 
 two kinds : Single Entry and Double Entry. 
 
 2 — In Double Entry, the amount of each business transac- 
 tion is written twice; and accounts are kept with different 
 kinds of property, as well as with persons. 
 
 3 — In Single Entry (cash on account and Bank Account ex- 
 cepted), the amount of each transaction is written but once, 
 and accounts are kept only with persons. 
 
 The two principal methods are Single Ledger (double page 
 and single page) ; and Day Book and Ledger. 
 
 4 — Single Ledger, Double Page, has but one book, with the 
 Dr. and Cr. pages of each account opposite. The Dr. side 
 shows the person's indebtedness to you, the Cr. side shows 
 your indebtedness to him. You charge or debit things to a 
 person by writing them on the Dr. side of his acet, and you 
 credit a person with things, by writing them on the Cr. side of 
 his acct. 
 
 Each page contains seven vertical columns, the first is for 
 the month, with the year at the top ; the second for the day of 
 the month ; the third for an abbreviated record of the transac- 
 tion, commencing with "To" on the Dr. side, and "By" on 
 the Cr. side ; the fourth and fifth for dollars and cents, when 
 there is more than one item ; the sixth and seventh for dollars 
 and cents when there is but one item, or for the amount of all 
 when there is more than one. 
 (10) 
 
DIRECTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. II 
 
 When "@" is used, it means at so much per yd., lb., ft., 
 etc., and you must find the amount. 
 
 When "@" is not used, the amount following the item is the 
 whole amount. 
 
 The price of hay, straw, coal, etc., is given for one ton, and 
 the number of tons is quickly found by dividing the number of 
 lbs. by two and pointing off three decimals. 
 
 The price of lumber is usually given in dollars for 1,000 ft.,, 
 the number of thousands is found by pointing off three deci- 
 mals in the number of feet. 
 
 Goods are said to be sold, or bought "on acct." when they 
 are not paid for at the time of the transaction. 
 
 Cash is received, or paid "on acct." when it is to pay for 
 value already charged or credited. 
 
 5 — Page your Blank Book, write the figures within one-half 
 inch of the corners ; see that the last page is 68. 
 
 6 — The first page of Blank No. I is for the Index ; write the 
 word on the double red line, over the vertical line. When you 
 open an account write the name on the index page, and put 
 the number of the page close at the right of the name, you will 
 have two columns of names. 
 
 7 — An account is opened, when double pages are used, by 
 writing the name on each page, on the double red line, letting 
 the small letters touch the top blue line. At the right of the 
 left hand name write Dr. one inch from the end of the line, and 
 at the right of the other name write Cr. Then write the name 
 and page in the Index. 
 
 8 — The Cash account is kept to show from whom, or for 
 what money was received ; and to whom, or for what money 
 was paid out, also the amount of money on hand ; the Dr. side 
 shows the money received, the Cr. side the money paid out. 
 
12 DIRECTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. 
 
 The amount of money on hand when the cash account is begun 
 is placed on the Dr. side. The amount of the Cr. side sub- 
 tracted from the amount of the Dr. side will show the cash on 
 hand at any time, if each amount of money received or paid has 
 been written on the account. See Cash Acct. Set I. 
 
 9 — When you sell anything to a person on account, or trust, 
 the date, quantity, name of the article, price per yd., lb., etc., 
 must be written on the Dr. side of his account and the amount 
 put in the second money columns, but if there is more than 
 one article, let each have one line, and put the amount of each 
 in the first money columns, and the amount of the whole in 
 the second money columns, opposite the amount of the last 
 article. 
 
 id — When you pay cash to a person on account, or loan 
 money to him, put the amount on the Dr. side of his account ; 
 also on the Cr. side of the Cash Acct. 
 
 11 — When you receive cash on account, or borrow money, 
 from a person, put the amount on the Cr. side of his account, 
 ■also on the Dr. side of the Cash Acct. 
 
 12 — When you buy anything of a person on acct. or he 
 trusts you, the date, quantity, name of the article, price per 
 yd., lb., etc., must be written on the Cr. side of his account, 
 using one line for each article. If but one article place the 
 amount in second money columns, if there is more than one 
 article put the amt. of each in the first money columns, and 
 the amount of the whole in the second money columns, op- 
 posite the amount of the last article. 
 
 13 — When you do any work for a person, charge it to him, 
 by writing the'date, number of hours, days, or months, kind of 
 work, and the price per hour, day, or month, on the Dr. side of 
 his account and carry out the amount. 
 
DIRECTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. 1$ 
 
 14 — When a person does any work for you give him credit 
 for it by writing the date, number of hours, days, or months > 
 kind of work, and the price per hour, day, or month, and carry 
 out the amount. 
 
 15 — When you give an order to a person, charge it to him,, 
 on the Dr. side of his account ; and give the person on whom 
 the order is drawn, credit for it, on the Cr. side of his account. 
 
 16 — When a person presents an order on you from some 
 other person, give the bearer of the order credit for it, and 
 charge it to the person who gave it. But if you pay the order 
 when presented, only charge the order to the person who 
 gave it. 
 
 17 — When you sell a thing for cash, or receive money not; 
 on acct, as for a note, a trade, for labor, etc., write it on the 
 Dr. side of the cash acct. only. 
 
 18 — When you buy goods, or any thing for cash, or pay 
 money not on acct, write it on the Cr.side of the cash acct. only.. 
 
 19 — When you receive a note in part payment, or in full 
 payment of an account, give the person credit for it on the Cr. 
 side of his account, for the note is evidence of his indebtedness, 
 to you. (See form of notes, Part Second.) 
 
 20 — When you give your note in part payment, or in full 
 payment of an account, charge it to the person on the Dr. side 
 of his account, for the note will be proof of your indebtedness 
 to him. (See form of notes, Part Second.) 
 
 21 — If you let anything and do not receive your pay, charge 
 it to the person, or if you hire anything and do not pay for it,, 
 give the owner credit for the use of it. 
 
 22 — When an account is carried to a new page, leave the 
 lowest space vacant, draw a line with red ink across each right 
 
14 DIRECTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. 
 
 hand or second money columns on the horizontal line below 
 the lowest figures, then add the right hand columns on each 
 page and place the amount of each under the red lines, op- 
 posite each other, and write on both Dr. and Cr. sides, on the 
 same line as the added amounts, "Amt. carried pg. — ," writing 
 the number of the page to which you carry the account, leave 
 the last line for this. 
 
 On the new pages write the person's name at the top of each 
 page as before, and under it "Amt. from pg. — " giving the 
 page from which you transfer the amount. (See the account 
 of Henry M. White in Set. I.) 
 
 Last, write the number of the new page to which the account 
 is carried, at the right of the old number, in the index. If an 
 account is balanced the balance only may be carried. 
 
 23 — To balance an account, add the Dr. and Cr. sides, and 
 write the difference in red ink on the smaller side; if the Dr. 
 side is the smaller write the date and "To balance" in red 
 ink ; if the Cr. side is the smaller write the date and "By bal- 
 ance" in red ink. Draw one red line across both money col- 
 umns, opposite each other, under the longer column of figures 
 and place the amounts, which are now alike, on the line below 
 in black ink, then draw double red lines under these amounts. 
 
 If the account is to be continued write the balance in black 
 ink on the line below the double red lines, on the opposite side 
 from the balance in red ink, and write "To balance" or "By 
 balance," with black ink. (See William Webster's account, 
 Set I.) 
 
 24 — When an account is settled by paying or receiving cash 
 find the balance as in (23), and write with black ink "To cash 
 to bal.," or "By cash to bal.," on the smaller side, then add 
 
DIRECTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. 15 
 
 both columns, and draw the red lines as before. (See Web- 
 ster's acct., Set I.) 
 
 25 — When an account is settled by giving or receiving a 
 note, write in black ink on smaller side, "To note to bal.," 
 or "By note to bal.," then add and draw the red lines. (See 
 Smith's acct., Set I.) 
 
 26 — When you wish to keep an account with any one kind 
 of property which you own, write the name of the property for 
 the headings, and write the value on the Dr. side, then charge 
 all expenses, and credit all incomes, and at the end of the year, 
 write the value of the property on the Cr. side of the account, 
 and balance it; if the Cr. side is the larger, the balance will 
 show your profit, if the Dr. side is the larger, the balance will 
 show your loss. 
 
 27 — The Bank is Dr. to all money that you have deposited, 
 and to all that you deposit ; and Cr. by all that you withdraw 
 by checks. On the Dr. side write "To cash deposited;" on 
 
 the Cr. side by "By check to ." When cash is deposited 
 
 the amount must also be put on the Cr. side of the cash acct. 
 When a check is given to pay "on acct." the amt. must also be 
 charged to the person receiving it. 
 
 28 — Pages 34 and 35 are for a record of the notes in Set III 
 only ; which is sufficient to show how it is written. The record 
 is usually kept in a separate book. Notes Payable include all 
 notes that you owe. Write "Notes" on page 34 and "Paya- 
 ble" on page 35. On the next line, in the wide space at the 
 left, write "Note to," in the next "for," across the next two 
 "Amount," across next two "Dated," next "Time," next 
 "Due," last "Remarks." On the next line below, write No. i, 
 James Willis, cattle $500.00, Jan. 15, 6 months, July 15, and 
 
l6 DIRECTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. 
 
 when the note is paid, write "Paid" and the date of payment, 
 in the last space. 
 
 29 — On the lower red line of pages 34 and 35, write as you 
 wrote above, "Notes Receivable," and instead of "Note to" 
 write "Note of." This is for a record of all notes due you. 
 
 Notes Payable and Notes Receivable are usually called Bills 
 Payable and Bills Receivable. 
 
 30 — The Ledger should be closed yearly, to find the present 
 worth of the proprietor, and by comparing it with the capital at 
 the time the set was commenced, to find the gain or loss. 
 
 The statement to find the Present Worth is usually made on 
 detached paper. See form, page 24. We will write it in the 
 book in the form of an account with the proprietor, in Set III. 
 
 On the Cr. side write the name of each kind of property 
 that he owns, and write its fair value in second money columns. 
 (The items of each kind of property may be collected in an 
 Inventory book, and amount of each written.) Read (a 41.) 
 
 Balance all the accounts in the Ledger, and write the names 
 of the persons that owe him, and the amounts on the Cr. side ; 
 also the cash in bank, and on hand, and the notes due him. 
 
 On the Dr. side write the names of the persons whom he 
 owes, and the amount, also the notes payable, or notes that he 
 owes. 
 
 The Cr. side shows his Assets, and the Dr. side his Liabili- 
 ties; if the assets are larger than the liabilities the balance 
 will be his Present Worth, if the liabilities are larger than the 
 assets the balance will be his Net Insolvency. 
 
 If you were to open the accounts, in new books, the balances 
 and notes would be carried to the new books, but in Set III 
 the accounts are continued on the same pages. 
 
DIRECTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. 17 
 
 31 — The Profit in Single Entry book-keeping is found by 
 subtracting the capital at commencing from the Present 
 Worth, or capital at closing ; and the Loss, by subtracting the 
 capital at closing from the capital at commencing. 
 
 Net capital at closing, $ . 
 
 Net capital at commencing, $ . 
 
 Net Gain, $ . 
 
 Or, 
 
 Net capital at commencing, $- 
 
 Net capital at closing, $- 
 
 Net Loss, $- 
 
 32 — When you give your check to pay for anything just 
 purchased and not credited, make but one entry. Bank Cr. 
 
 33 — This note is not negotiable, as it does not say "to 
 bearer" or "to the order of," or "order," and can not be trans- 
 ferred or made payable to any one but S. Howland. It is 
 payable when the money is demanded or asked for by Mr. H. 
 
 34 — This note is payable Sept. 30th, to J. G. Graham, or any 
 one to whom he may transfer it, by writing his [Graham's] 
 name on the back ; as it is payable to order. 
 
 35 — This note is payable Aug. 10th at the bank, the inter- 
 est, called bank discount, for 30 days is deducted from the 
 $300. when the note is discounted ; and Mr. Morse receives the 
 balance, or proceeds. He pays the face of the note $300. when 
 the note is due. 
 
 Mr. Day indorses the note by writing his name on the back 
 of it. 
 
 36 — This note is payable Jan. 1, 19 — , by two persons; if 
 one fails to pay, the other must pay the whole amount. 
 
 37 — All of the sets have cash accts. The disconnected 
 examples do not. 
 
l8 DIRECTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. 
 
 38 — In Part Second only one page is used for an account, 
 the transactions are written as in Part First ; the first money 
 columns are for Dr. amounts, and the second are for Cr. 
 amounts. (See Jacob Wolfson's acct. for mode of writing and 
 balancing the accounts.) 
 
 The cash acct. is also written on one page, with the first 
 money columns for Dr. amounts ; and the second columns for 
 Cr. amounts. 
 
 39 — When you make out a bill of a patron's account, write 
 the balance with pencil, and do not balance it until it is paid. 
 
 40 — Posting a business transaction from the day book is 
 writing the date, name of article if but one, mdse. or sunds. if 
 more than one ; the page of the day book on which it is writ- 
 ten; and the whole amount, in the ledger, under the proper 
 heading ; and writing the page of the ledger at the left of the 
 name in the day book. (See sample ledger page of Otis Park's 
 acct. in Part Third.) Open an account with the proprietor on 
 the first ledger page, 53rd, and write the date, "By Capital/' 
 page of day book, and amount on Cr. side; and put the number 
 of the ledger page at the left of his name in the day book. 
 
 Open an account with Winona Bank on next page and write 
 "To Cash deposited," and amount on Dr. side. 
 
 Open an account with Hugh West on the next page and 
 write "19 — , Apr. 1, To mdse. 1, 7.20" on the Dr. side. Asa 
 Long's acct. has "To mdse." on Dr. side, and "By work" 
 on Cr. side. 
 
 Find the transactions in the Day Book with Otis Park and 
 see how each is posted on the Ledger Page given. No Index 
 is given in 2nd and 3rd books. The one in 1st book will 
 suffice to show its use in large books. 
 
DIRECTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. 19 
 
 41 — When closing a set of books do not put bad debts in 
 as assets. 
 
 A common note, payable to order, is outlawed in six years, 
 but a payment renews the time from the date of the payment. 
 
 The receipt for money paid on a note is written on the back 
 of the note. (Received on the within note, etc.) 
 
 Give a receipt when you receive a sum of money, and take 
 one when you pay money in large amounts. 
 
 Drafts are "accepted" by writing the word, and the name 
 of the person who accepts or agrees to pay it, across the face. 
 . Letters instead of figures are used in marking goods. Cer- 
 tain letters may be used for the digits ; or the letters of a word 
 as below: 
 
 b la c k 
 
 s m i 
 
 t 
 
 h 
 
 12345 
 
 678 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 f r e s n 
 
 c i 
 
 t 
 
 y 
 
 Write cost above the line 
 
 1.25, b 1 k 
 
 
 
 Selling price below the line 1.50, f n y 
 
 42 — When you pay money on acct. charge it to the person 
 in the day book, and put the amount on the Cr. side of the cash 
 acct. ; and when you deposit money put the amount on Cr. side 
 of cash acct. and charge it to the bank. 
 
 When you receive money on account give the person Cr. for 
 it in the day book, and put the amount on the Dr. side of the 
 cash acct. 
 
 43 — When a note due you is paid, write, Paid and the date, 
 in the last column of the Notes Receivable record, also put the 
 amount on the Dr. side of the cash acct. 
 
 44 — When you pay a note, write, Paid and the date, in the 
 
20 DIRECTIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. 
 
 last column of the Notes Payable record ; also give Cash credit, 
 if paid in cash, or give the bank credit if paid by a check. 
 
 45 — Used instead of a note, when there is a small balance 
 due on some transaction. 
 
 46 — An order on a bank; to be of any value, the party 
 that gives the check, must have money deposited in the bank. 
 
 47 — A letter from the drawer, David Wilson, requesting 
 Henry D. Clark, the drawee, to pay Hall & White, the payee, 
 the amount mentioned. 
 
 48 — A draft drawn by Harold Ware, on Smith, Harris & 
 Co., and deposited in the Citizens Bank for collection. When 
 presented S., H. & Co. will accept it by writing across the face 
 the word "accepted," name of firm, and date, and it is payable 
 ten days after. 
 
 49 — Keep the bank account in Set IV only, as below : 
 19 — . Citizens Bank, Dr. 
 
 Jan. 1. To cash deposited 440-30 
 
 Cr. 
 " " By check to Lathrop & Son 80.00 
 
 Dr. 360.30 
 
 6. To cash deposited 300.00 
 
 Cr. etc. 660.30 
 
 Use the first money columns only when you enter more than 
 one check at the same time ; or when you deposit cash, other's 
 checks, etc. at one time, simply to get the amount of them. 
 
 50 — When a party gives you an order on another party 
 credit the party that gave the order, and debit the party on 
 whom it is drawn. But if it is paid when presented, only 
 credit the party that gave it. 
 
Simplest Form of Accounts, 
 
 Every one not in business needs to keep a Cash Account just 
 as much as the merchant. It will show where the money came 
 from and how it was spent. Cash on hand at beginning'. Rec'd 
 
 for , or Rec'd of ; Paid to , or Paid for , and how 
 
 to balance it, is all there is to learn. See the form by single page 
 plan. Page 23. 
 
 If but very few business transactions, the debit and credit 
 entries may be written in Day Book form, — See second page, Part 
 Third, — and not collected or posted, and when settled marked 
 with a cross, but this would be merely a memorandum. See forms 
 below. 
 
 Next in importance to the Cash Account is a yearly Statement, 
 showing what you own, and what you owe, also your Present 
 Worth or Net Capital, and by comparing your Present Worth with 
 your Net Capital at the beginning of the year, find your Profit or 
 Loss. See the form on page 24, also read (30). 
 
 Henry M. White, Dr. 
 To 5 doz. Eggs ® 30$, $1.50 
 
 Henry Garvsood, Cr. 
 
 By 1 Harness, $15. 
 
 Jacob Smith, Cr. 
 By 2V* days' work @ $2.50, $6.25 
 
 Dr. 
 To cash, $5.00 
 
 William Webster, Dr. 
 
 To cash loaned, $10. 
 
 Nash & Coit, Cr. 
 By order of Jacob Smith, $25. 
 
Examples for Practice. 
 
 [Write the statements on detached papers.] 
 
 Frank Fargo has the following property: 10 acre ranch, including 
 house, barns, orange grove, etc., $10,000. Household goods, $800. 
 Piano, $300. Wearing apparel, $100. Ranch implements, $250. 
 1 pr. work horses, $150. 1 horse, $100. 3 vehicles, $180. 1 cow, 
 $60. Hay and grain, $50. Hens, $50. 1 Dog, $30. Money in Sav- 
 ings Bank, $300. Deposited in Union Bank, $125. Cash on hand, 
 $10. He owes S. S. Jones $500 on a note. A lumber company, $25. 
 and sundry small bills, $5. What is his Present Worth? 
 
 A merchant commenced business with a cash capital of $1500. 
 At the close of the year his books show that J. Smith owes him 
 $120.57. W. Grant, $80. I. Jones, $30.50. K. White, $28. B. Wells, 
 $31.50. W. K. Bacon, $37.75. B. F. Smith, $85.05. J. Green, $16.50. 
 O. Lyman, $69.68. Cash on hand, $2908.26. Mdse. per inventory, 
 $1075.45, and that he owes Stiger, Randolph and Co., $2000. Show 
 that his Present Worth is $2483.26 and his gain $983.26. 
 
 A merchant's capital at commencing was $3500, at the end of 
 six months he has cash on hand $1575. J. L. Smith's note for $3750. 
 Mdse., $4000. A. C. Jones owes on account, $150. H. Smith, $175. 
 P. Powers, $107.25. W. P. Hill, $315. He owes a note to A. Wix, 
 $1500, another to Henry Kendle, $3000. S. Wood, Bal. on acct, 
 $750. J. Hays, $375. W. H. Sweet, $375. Find gain. 
 
 James Lawton's resources are, mdse. per inventory, $2,487.35. 
 Cash, $542. Levi Long owes $7. John Lee, $68.40. Henry Foster, 
 $38. Lewis Rich, $62. James Guy, $67.50. Neal Smith, $12, 
 Frank Gray, $10.50. Peter Rice, $15. Walter King, $31. Edwin 
 Cate, $37.50. Frank Jones, $1.75. His only liability is a balance 
 due Ira Cook of $50. He commenced business with $3130. Has 
 he gained $200? 
 
 (22) 
 
EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. 
 
 23 
 
 Cash Acct. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 1903. 
 Jan. 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 14 
 29 
 
 To cash on hand 
 Rec'd for 1 cd. Wood 
 Paid M 1 Harness 
 Rec'd of Wm. "Webster 
 
 65 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 40 
 
 25 
 
 
 Feb. 
 
 15 
 
 Paid for Insurance 
 
 Rec'd " 10 bbls. Apples @ $1.50 
 
 15 
 
 
 8 
 
 42 
 
 Mar. 
 
 16 
 
 Paid to Jacob Smith 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 u 
 
 23 
 
 11 for 1 Plow 
 
 " "2 Shovels @ 750 
 
 " "J Fork 
 
 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 50 
 
 Apr. 
 
 10 
 
 28 
 
 " " 1848 lbs. Coal @ $5 
 M " Citrograph 1 year 
 " " 1 pr. Shoes 
 11 11 1 it B 00 t s 
 
 ' : to Jacob Smith 
 
 
 
 4 
 2 
 4 
 2 
 8 
 
 62 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 June 
 
 1 
 
 Rec'd for 1 cd. Wood 
 By Balance 
 
 5 
 
 
 27 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 
 101 
 
 40 
 
 101 
 
 40 
 
24 
 
 EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. 
 
 Statement 
 
 June 30, 19 
 
 Resources. 
 
 
 
 
 
 House, etc., 84 Lake St. 
 
 2000 
 
 
 
 
 Real Estate, 18 Main St. 
 
 2000 
 
 
 
 
 Mdse. per inventory 
 
 1856 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 Dep. in Merchants Bank 
 
 536 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 Cash on hand 
 
 92 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 Note to John Harold 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 
 James Hill, Bal. of acct. 
 
 18 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 Henry White," " 
 
 29 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 B. F. Jones, " " " 
 
 16 
 
 85 
 
 
 
 C. A. Smith, " u " 
 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 6757 
 
 80 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lusk & Jones, Bill of Mdse. 
 
 435 
 
 
 
 
 Pyle & Cone, Bal. of acct. 
 
 175 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 Note to Silas Jacobs 
 
 332 
 
 20 
 
 943 
 
 00 
 
 Present worth 
 
 5814 
 
 80 
 
 Capital at commencing 
 
 
 
 5000 
 
 
 Net Profit 
 
 814 
 
 80 
 
PART FIRST 
 
 
 (25) 
 
PART FIRST. 
 
 Single Ledger. Double Page. 
 Blank Book No. 1. 
 
 SET I. 
 To be Studied, not Written. 
 
 The following is a list of the business transactions of a 
 farmer with Henry M. White, a grocer; William Webster, a 
 carpenter ; and Jacob Smith, a laborer ; also the farmer's cash 
 acct. for six months. 
 
 These memoranda are followed by the accounts written as 
 they appear in actual business. 
 
 Read the first transaction, then direction (7), see how the 
 account is opened, then (9), notice date, quantity, article, price, 
 amount. 
 
 Read the next, then (7) if necessary, then (8). (12) will ex- 
 plain the third, etc. 
 
 Study the set until you can read rapidly; Henry M. White, 
 Dr. To 5 bu. Potatoes @ 75^, etc. Cash Acct. Dr. To cash on 
 hand, etc. Henry M. White, Cr. By 1 bbl. Flour, etc. Cash, 
 Dr. To 1 cord Wood. Cash, Cr. By 1 N. P. Harness. William 
 Webster, Cr. By 2 days' work, etc. 
 
 Look up the answers to the first eight paragraphs of 
 questions, also read first four paragraphs of Explanations and 
 Directions. 
 
 (27) 
 
28 BOOK-KEEPING PART FIRST. 
 
 Jan. i, 19 — . Sold to Henry M. White, 5 bu potatoes @ 
 75^ per bu. and 10 doz. eggs @ 35^ per doz. (7.) (9.) 
 
 The cash on hand Jan. 1st is $65.40. (7.) (8.) 
 
 Jan. 4. Bought of Henry M. White 1 bbl. flour, $7.50, 16 
 lbs. sugar, $1., 1 lb. tea, 60^, 3 lbs. coffee @ 25^. (12.) 
 
 Jan. 4. Sold for cash, 1 cord oak wood for $6. (17.) 
 
 Jan. 14. Bought of Henry Garwood 1 nickel plated harness 
 for cash, $25. (18.) 
 
 Jan. 15. William Webster has worked 2 days making a sled 
 @ $2.50 per day. (7.) (14.) 
 
 Jan. 18. Jacob Smith has bought 2 bu. corn @ 95^, 1 bu. 
 potatoes, 75f (7.) (9.) 
 
 Jan. 20. Sold William Webster 24 fence posts @ 16^, J4 
 cd. oak wood @ $6., 2444 lbs. hay @ $18. (9.) 
 
 Jan. 25. Worked one day drawing coal for Henry M. 
 White, $4.50. (13.) 
 
 Jan. 26. Gave Jacob Smith an order on Henry M. White 
 for groceries to the amt. of $5. (15.) 
 
 Jan. 28. Bought of Henry M. White 10 gals, molasses @ 
 60^, 6 lbs. raisins @ i2j^, 4 brooms (§25^. (12.) 
 
 Jan. 29. William Webster has paid $10. on acct. (11.) 
 
 Jan. 31. Give Jacob Smith credit for one month's work, 
 
 $15- (MO 
 
 Feb. I. Paid $8.42 for insurance on house for 3 years. (18.) 
 Feb. 6. Jacob Smith has worked 4 days cutting wood @ $1. 
 
 (MO 
 
 Feb. 8. Sold Henry M. White 1000 lbs. hay @ $20. per 
 ton, 2 cds. chest, wood @ $5. (9), and bought of him 5 gals. k. 
 oil @ 15^. (12.) 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 2Q 
 
 Feb. 12. William Webster has bought 2120 ft. chest, plank 
 @ $15. per M. (9.) 
 
 Feb. 15. Sold for cash 10 bbls. apples @ $1.50. (17.) 
 Feb. 18. Let Jacob Smith, horse and carriage, $2. (21.) 
 Feb. 22. Delivered to William Webster 860 ft. ash plank @ 
 
 $25. (90 
 
 Feb. 24. Charge H. M. White 2 bbls. apples @ $1.50, 10 
 
 bu. potatoes @ 75^, 5 doz. eggs @ 30^. (9.) 
 
 Mar. 1. William Webster has given his note for $60. paya- 
 ble in 3 months. (19.) 
 
 Mar. 5. Give Jacob Smith credit for cutting 8 cords of 
 wood @ $1. (14.) 
 
 Mar. 8. Bought 1 box salt, 42^, 24 bars soap, $1., 1 lamp, 
 $2.50, 11 lbs. pow. sugar, $1., 2.y 2 doz. oranges @ 30^, of 
 Henry M. White. (12.) 
 
 Mar. 16. Paid Jacob Smith $10. on acct. (10.) 
 
 Mar. 18. John Curry presented an order from William 
 Webster for 1 cord of wood which has been delivered to him, 
 price $5. (16. One entry.) 
 
 Mar. 23. Bought of Harris and Smith for cash, 1 Wright's 
 plow, $6.50, 2 shovels @ 75^, 1 fork, $1. (18.) 
 
 Apr. 2. William Webster gave an order, on the farmer, to 
 Jacob Smith for $8.25. (16.) 
 
 Apr. 5. Henry M. White is debtor for 20 bu. oats @ 45^, 5 
 bu. turnips @ 40^, 1 bu. onions, $1., 248 lbs. pork @ 7^. (9.) 
 
 Apr. 10. Paid for subscription to paper, $2.50. Paid for 
 1848 lbs. coal @ $5. Bought of Isaac Reeves for cash, 1 pr. 
 calf boots, $4., 1 pr. thick boots, $2.50. (18.) 
 
 Apr. 24. Henry M. White sold the farmer 10 lbs. rice @ 
 10^, 15 lbs. sugar, $1., y 2 gal. syrup @ $1.12. (12.) (22.) 
 
30 BOOK-KEEPING PART FIRST. 
 
 Apr. 28. Jacob Smith has worked 12 days @ $1.25, and 
 paid him $8. on acct. (14.) (10.) 
 
 Apr. 30. William Webster has made a harrow, $4.50, re- 
 paired cart, $1.50, mended cultivator, $1.25. (14.) Bought 
 of him 1 ladder, $3.25. (12.) 
 
 This account is balanced; the bal. is $10.05, which he does not pay, 
 therefore it is carried to a new account. Notice how it is done. (23.) 
 
 May 4. Sold to Jacob Smith */ 2 ton hay @ $18., 8 bundles 
 straw @ 15^, 24 cd. chest, wood @ $4., 24 lbs. pork @ 8^. (9.) 
 
 May 8. Paid Jacob Smith, $7.48 to balance his acct. (24.) 
 
 May 21. Bought of H. M. White 2 lbs. soda @ 8^, 2 lbs. 
 coffee @ 25^, 8 lbs. ma. sugar @ 20^, % lb. nutmegs @ 
 $1.20, % lb- P e PP er > io ^> /4 lb. cinnamon, 12^, 34 lb. cloves, 
 12^, 1 box figs, 50^. (12.) Bought of William Webster 2 
 doors @ $2.50, 6 windows @ $2.20. (12.) 
 
 June 1. Sold for cash 1 cord oak wood, $5., 1600 ft. chest, 
 timber @ $15., 4 bu. potatoes @ 50^. (17.) William Web- 
 ster has paid his note given Mar. 1, $60. (17.) 
 
 June 10 Received $3. for use of oxen, and $2. for use of 
 horse and carriage. (17.) 
 
 June 14. Jacob Smith has worked 4 days @ $2. (14.) 
 
 June 16. Sold Henry M. White, 32 gals, vinegar @ 15^, 6 
 bu. turnips @ 25^, 10 doz. eggs @ 15^, 16 lbs. butter @ 
 
 25^ (9-) 
 
 June 18. Sold Jacob Smith on acct. 2 bu. corn @ 75^, 10 
 
 lbs. pork @ 8^, (9), and gave him an order on Henry M. White 
 
 for 1 bbl. flour, $6. (15.) 
 June 19. Credit William Webster, 4 days' work @ $2. (14.) 
 June 24. Bought of Henry M. White, 12 lbs. milk biscuits, 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 31 
 
 $1., 6 lbs. S. G. starch, 50^, 1 box baking powder, 50^, 10 lbs. 
 oat meal @ 6^, 4^ lbs. prunes, 25^. (21.) 
 
 June 26. Paid township tax, $24.82. (18.) Bought for 
 cash a bill of dry goods, $16.18. (18.) Paid freight bill, $4.50. 
 
 June 28. Sold 1 colt two years old for $100. cash; and 
 paid $25. for a horse rake. (17.) (18.) 
 
 June 29. Sold William Webster a bill of timber amounting 
 to $18.80, and 1000 ft. chest, plank @ $15. He has worked 8 
 days @ $2., and furnished lumber to the amt. of $23.80. (9.) 
 (14.) (12.) 
 
 June 30. Credit Jacob Smith with 10 days' work @ $2. 
 (14.) Bought of William Webster 75 ft. of boards @ 4^, and 
 he has repaired wagon, 70^. (12.) (14.) Bought of Jacob 
 Smith, 1 Alderney cow, $65., and gave him a note for $84.70 
 payable in 3 months to bal. his acct. (12.) (20.) Sold for 
 cash, 2480 lbs. hay @ $18. (17.) 
 
 When the accounts are balanced we find that Henry M. 
 White owes $41.08; that the farmer owes William Webster 
 $25.85; the cash on hand is $162.70; and Jacob Smith's ac- 
 count balances. 
 
 
32 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING PART FIRST. 
 
 Henry M. White. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 1903. 
 Jan. 
 
 1 
 
 To 5 bu. Potatoes @ 750 
 
 3 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 doz. Eggs @ 350 
 
 3 
 
 50 
 
 7 
 
 25 
 
 it 
 
 25 
 
 " 1 day's work with team, 
 drawing Coal 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 50 
 
 Feb. 
 
 8 
 
 " 1000 lbs. Hay @ $20 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 cds. 0. Wood @ $5 
 
 10 
 
 
 20 
 
 00 
 
 it 
 
 24 
 
 44 2 bbls. Apples @ $1.50 
 10 bu. Potatoes @ 750 
 
 3 
 
 7 
 
 00 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 doz. Eggs @ 300 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 
 12 
 
 00 
 
 Apr. 
 
 5 
 
 " 20 bu. Oats @ 450 
 5 44 Turnips @ 400 
 1 44 Onions 
 
 9 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 248 lbs. Pork @ 70 
 
 17 
 
 36 
 
 29 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 Amt. carried pg. 6. 
 
 
 
 73 
 
 11 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 
 
 33 
 
 Henry M. White. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 1903. 
 Jan. 
 
 4 
 
 By 1 bbl. Flour 
 16 lbs. Sugar 
 1 " Tea 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 00 
 60 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 " Coffee @ 250 
 
 
 75 
 
 9 
 
 85 
 
 » 
 
 26 
 
 " Order of Jacob Smith 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 
 28 
 
 "10 gals. Molasses @ 600 
 6 lbs. Raisins @ 12j£0 
 
 6 
 
 00 
 76 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 Brooms @ 250 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 7 
 
 75 
 
 Feb. 
 
 8 
 
 " 5 gals. K. Oil at 150 
 
 
 
 
 75 
 
 Mar. 
 
 8 
 
 1 Box Salt 
 24 bars Soap 
 
 I Lamp 
 
 II lbs. Pow. Sugar 
 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 
 42 
 00 
 50 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 iy 2 doz. Oranges @ 300 
 
 
 75 
 
 5 
 
 67 
 
 Apr. 
 
 24 
 
 " 10 lbs. Rice @ 100 
 15 " Sugar 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 y 2 gal. Syrup @ $1.12 
 Amt. carried pg. 6. 
 
 
 56 
 
 2 
 
 56 
 
 
 31 
 
 58 
 
34 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING PART FIRST. 
 
 Cash. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 lyos. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 1 
 
 To cash on hand 
 
 
 
 65 
 
 40 
 
 « 
 
 4 
 
 Reed, for 1 cd. "Wood 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 (< 
 
 29 
 
 " of William Webster 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 Feb. 
 
 15 
 
 " for 10 bbls. Apples @ $1.50 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 June 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 " 1 cd. O. Wood 
 " " 1660 ft. Timber @ $15 
 
 5 
 
 24 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 " "4 bu. Potatoes @ 50^ 
 
 2 
 
 00 
 
 31 
 
 
 u 
 
 t< 
 
 11 " note of Wra. Webster 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 i< 
 
 10 
 
 " " use of Oxen 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 14 " use of Horse 
 
 2 
 
 00 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 M 
 
 28 
 
 M " 1 Colt, 2 yrs. old 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 «( 
 
 30 
 
 " 2480 lbs. Hay @ $18 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 314 
 
 72 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 
 
 35 
 
 Cash. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 lyos. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 14 
 
 Paid for 1 N. P. Harness 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 
 Feb. 
 
 1 
 
 " M Insurance 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 42 
 
 Mar. 
 
 16 
 
 " to Jacob Smith 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 23 
 
 " for 1 Wright's Plow 
 2 Shovels @ 75^ 
 
 6 
 1 
 
 50 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 Fork 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 9 
 
 
 Apr. 
 •I 
 
 10 
 
 << 
 
 " " 1848 lbs. Coal @ $5 
 " " Sub. for paper 
 " 1 pr. Calf Boots 
 
 4 
 
 00 
 
 4 
 2 
 
 62 
 50 
 
 
 
 " " 1 " Thick " 
 
 2 
 
 50 
 
 6 
 
 50 
 
 u 
 
 28 
 
 " to Jacob Smith 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 May 
 
 8 
 
 u it ii << 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 48 
 
 June 
 
 26 
 
 " Town Tax 
 
 " bill of Dry Goods 
 
 24 
 16 
 
 82 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 
 " Freight Bill 
 
 4 
 
 50 
 
 45 
 
 50 
 
 •i 
 
 28 
 
 " for Horse Rake 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 00 
 
 it 
 
 30 
 
 By Balance 
 
 
 
 162 
 
 70 
 
 
 314 
 
 72 
 
36 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING PART FIRST. 
 
 William Webster. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 1903. 
 Jan. 
 
 20 
 
 To 24 Fence Posts @ 16^ 
 y 2 cd. Wood @ $6 
 
 4 
 3 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 2444 lbs. Hay @ $18 
 
 22 
 
 
 29 
 
 00 
 
 Feb. 
 
 12 
 
 " 2120 ft. Plank @ $15 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 80 
 
 it 
 
 22 
 
 11 860 " A. » " $25 
 
 
 
 21 
 
 50 
 
 Mar. 
 
 18 
 
 " 1 cd. Ches. Wood delivered 
 to J. Curry 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 Apr. 
 
 2 
 
 " Order of Jacob Smith 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 25 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 " Balance 
 
 
 
 95 
 
 55 
 
 May- 
 
 10 
 
 05 
 
 June 
 
 29 
 
 " bill of Timber 
 
 18 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 
 
 1000 ft. Plank @ $15 
 
 15 
 
 00 
 
 33 
 
 80 
 
 it 
 
 30 
 
 11 Balance 
 
 
 
 25 
 69 
 
 85 
 70 
 
 
 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 
 
 3Z 
 
 William Webster. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 1903. 
 
 Jan. 
 
 15 
 29 
 
 By 2 days' Work @ $2.50 
 " Cash on acct. 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 
 Mar. 
 
 1 
 
 " note at 3 months 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 Apr. 
 
 30 
 
 " 1 Harrow 
 
 " repairing Cart 
 
 " mending Cultivator 
 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 
 50 
 50 
 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 " 1 Ladder 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 10 
 
 50 
 
 u 
 
 21 
 
 " Balance 
 
 " 2 Doors @ $2.50 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 10 
 
 05 
 
 
 95 
 
 55 
 
 May 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 Windows @"2.20 
 
 13 
 
 20 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 
 June 
 
 19 
 
 29 
 
 " 4 days' Work @ $2 
 u 8 u ii .i u 
 
 16 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 11 bill of Lumber 
 
 23 
 
 80 
 
 39 
 
 80 
 
 » 
 
 30 
 
 "75 ft. P. Boards @ 40 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 11 repairing Wagon 
 
 
 70 
 
 3 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 " Balance brot. down 
 
 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 
 25 
 
 85 
 
38 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING PART FIRST. 
 
 Jacob Smith. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 1903. 
 Jan. 
 
 18 
 
 To 2 bu. Corn @ 950 
 
 1 
 
 90 
 
 
 
 
 
 "1 " Potatoes 
 
 
 75 
 
 2 
 
 65 
 
 '« 
 
 26 
 
 " order on H. M. White 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 00 
 
 Feb. 
 
 13 
 
 " use of Horse and Carriage 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 00 
 
 Mar. 
 
 16 
 
 " Cash on acct. 
 
 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 Apr. 
 
 28 
 
 il U It II 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 May 
 
 4 
 
 " y 2 ton Hay @ $18 
 8 bun. Straw @ 150 
 tf cd. C. Wood @ $4 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 00 
 20 
 00 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 
 24 lbs. Pork @ 80 
 
 1 
 
 92 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 M 
 
 8 
 18 
 
 " Cash to bal . 
 
 " 2 bu. Corn @ 750 
 
 1 
 
 50 
 
 7 
 
 48 
 
 
 50 
 
 25 
 
 June 
 
 
 
 
 
 10 lbs. Pork @ 80 
 
 
 80 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 ii 
 
 " 
 
 " order on Henry M. White for 
 1 bbl. Flour 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 00 
 
 " 
 
 30 
 
 11 note at 3 mo's to bal. 
 
 
 
 84 
 
 70 
 
 
 93 
 
 00 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 
 
 39 
 
 Jacob Smith. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 1903. 
 
 
 Jan. 
 
 31 
 
 Feb. 
 
 6 
 
 Mar. 
 
 5 
 
 Apr. 
 
 2 
 
 « 
 
 28 
 
 By 1 month's work 
 " 4 days' work @ $1 
 " cutting 8 cds. Wood @ $1 
 " order of Wm. Webster 
 M 12 days' work @ $1.25 
 
 " 4 days' work @ $2 
 " 10 " " « » 
 M 1 Aldemey Cow 
 
 15 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 15 
 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 25 
 00 
 
 SO 
 
 8 
 20 
 
 65 
 
 25 
 00 
 00 
 00 
 
 93 
 
 00 
 
40 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING PART FIRST. 
 
 Henry M White. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 1903. 
 June 
 
 To amt. from pg. 2 
 " 32 gala. Vinegar @ 150 
 6 bu. Turnips @ 250 
 10 doz. Eggs @ 150 
 16 lbs. Butter @ 250 
 
 80 
 50 
 50 
 00 
 
 73 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 80 
 
 84 
 
 91 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 
 
 41 
 
 Henry M. White. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 lyua. 
 
 
 By amt. from pg. 2. 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 58 
 
 May- 
 
 21 
 
 " 2 lbs. Soda @ 8^ 
 2 " Coffee @ 25^ 
 8 M ma. Sugar @ 200 
 X" Nutmegs @ $1.20 
 X " Pepper 
 X " Cinnamon 
 X " Cloves 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 50 
 60 
 30 
 10 
 12 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 box Figs 
 
 
 50 
 
 3 
 
 40 
 
 June 
 
 18 
 
 . M 1 bbl. Flour delivered to 
 Jacob Smith 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 00 
 
 <t 
 
 24 
 
 '• 12 lbs. M. Biscuit 
 6 " S. G. Starch 
 1 box Baking Powder 
 10 lbs. Oat Meal @ 60 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 50 
 50 
 60 
 
 
 
 
 
 A% " Prunes 
 
 
 25 
 
 2 
 
 85 
 
 <i 
 
 30 
 
 " Balance 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 84 
 
 08 
 91 
 
42 BOOK-KEEPING PART FIRST. 
 
 Commence writing here. Blank Book No. 1. 
 
 EXAMPLE I. 
 
 If you have thoughtfully studied the preceding set, you will 
 have no difficulty in writing the nine following accounts. 
 
 Each account in Blank Book No. I will require two pages. 
 
 Use but one line for each item unless (2 lines) is printed 
 after it. 
 
 Omit words of little importance, abbreviate all but the prin- 
 cipal word if you wish. 
 
 Erase the errors, there are few vacant spaces. 
 
 The examples are not connected ; in the first, a farmer keeps 
 an account with J. D. Peterson, merchant, for one year. 
 
 You will find that the farmer owes the merchant $8.03. 
 
 Read and heed the page, "To Pupils." 
 
 Refer to the directions, whose numbers are in ( — ), until you 
 can write the transactions correctly without reading them. 
 
 Read (5), then (7), and open the account on pages 2 and 3. 
 
 Jan. 3, 19 — . Sold J. D. Peterson 4 cords wood @ $4. per cord. (9.) 
 Jan. 5. Bought of J. D. Peterson 2 yds. broadcloth @ $5, and trim- 
 mings for coat, $2.12. (12.) Jan. 11. Sold J. D. Peterson 1 ton hay, 
 $15. (9.), and bought of him 2 brooms @ 180. (12.) Feb. 4. Sold 
 him 5 bu. apples @ 500. (9.), and bought of him 20 lbs. sugar @ 10^, 
 1 lb. V. H. Tea, 880. (12.) Mar. 18. Sold him 1 bu. clover seed, $5. 
 (9.), and bought of him 1 lb. saleratus, 60; 1 lb. ginger, 120; % lb. 
 cloves @ 520 per lb. (12.) Apr. 1. Sold him 4% doz. eggs @ 200. (9.) 
 Apr. 1. Bought of him 17 yds. sheeting @ 130, 2 yds. linen @ 750. 
 (12.) Apr. 29. Bought of him 20 lbs. candles at 120. (12.) Apr. 30. 
 Sold him 3 lbs. butter @ 250. (9.) May 4. Bought of him 2% yds. 
 cassimere @ $2.00, and a bill of carpets, $31.81. (12.) June 3. Bought 
 of him 24 lbs. sugar @ 90. (12.) June 28. I have pastured his cow 8 
 weeks @ 250, and his horse 6 weeks @ 380. (13.) June 30. Sold 
 him 7 doz. eggs @ 160. (9.) Sept. 14. Bought of him 2 lbs. tea @ 
 750. (12.) Oct. 16. Sold him 16 lbs. butter at 250, (9.), and bought 
 5 lbs. coffee @ 240. (12.) Nov. 1. Sold him 2 bu. apples @ 500, 5 bu. 
 potatoes at 650, 1 bu. onions, $1.00. (9.) Dec. 4. Bought of him a 
 bill of crockery amounting to $14.88. (12.), and sold him % ton hay @ 
 $20. per ton, and V 2 ton oat straw @ $12. per ton. (9.) (23.) (39.) 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 43 
 
 EXAMPLE II. 
 
 A blacksmith keeps an account with Samuel Hunt, hard- 
 ware merchant, for six months. Samuel Hunt is Dr. (13.) to all 
 the work done for him, and Cr. (12.) by all the goods bought by 
 the blacksmith. June 30, Mr. Hunt owes the blacksmith $3.09. 
 
 Read No. 7; open the acct. on pages 4 and 5. 
 
 Jan. 1, 19 — . Bought of Samuel Hunt 1 anvil 150 lbs. at 40, 1 vise, 
 $4.50, 1 pr. calipers, 250, 4 doz. carriage bolts @ 300, 2 doz. carriage 
 bolts @ 400, 1 pr. compasses, 250. Jan. 5. Shod 1 pr. horses for him, 
 $4. Jan. 6. Bought of him a bill of iron, $8.80. Jan. 22. Repaired hia 
 carriage, $1.50. Feb. 9. Bought of him 1 set gate trimmings, 800, and 
 1 grindstone, $3.20. (12.) Feb. 11. Shod 1 double sleigh, $5, and 
 made 3 new braces @ 150. (13.) Feb. 25. Repaired single sleigh, 
 750. (13.) Mar. 1. Sharpened shoes, $1. (13.) Mar. 12. Bought 
 of him 2 hammers @ 750, (12.) Mar. 30. Bought of him 1 Monkey 
 wrench, 750. (12.) Apr. 14. Bought of him 1 doz. punches, 600, 18 
 lbs. wire @ 50. (12.) Apr. 26. Repaired his elevator, $2.24. (13.) 
 May 4. Set 2 shoes @ 150. (13.) May 14. Mended chain, 420, 
 welded iron bar, 280, shod 1 horse, $2. (13.) May 28. Bought 1 
 square, 500, and a bill of steel tire, $6.80. (12.) June 3. Ironed 
 wagon, $20. June 7. Repaired 2 springs at 75c, drilled iron plate, 500, 
 set 4 tires @ 350, and set 1 shoe, 200. (13.) June 24. Bought of 
 him 1 wheelbarrow, $2.00. June 30. Sharpened 4 chisels, 40c 1 . 
 (23.) (39.) 
 
 EXAMPLE III. 
 
 A carpenter keeps an account with Charles Moore, dealer in 
 lumber and coal. 
 
 (Open the account on pages 6 and 7 of your blank book. At 
 the end of six months the carpenter giVes his note for $30. and 
 balances the account.) 
 
 Jan. 7, 19 — . Bought of Charles Moore 1260 ft. spruce timber @ $15. 
 per thousand. (12.) (2 lines.) Jan. 27. Bought 1 ton stove coal, $5.50, 
 and 1 ton chestnut coal, $5.50. (12.) Jan. 31. I charge him with 10 
 days' work on coal shed at $2. (2 lines), and 16 days' work of C. 
 Scott at $1.75. (2 lines.) Feb. 11. Bought of him 4000 cedar shingles 
 @ $4 1 / £ per M. (2 lines.) Feb. 15. Scott and myself worked 1 day for 
 him on scales @ $1.75 and $2.00. (3 lines.) Feb. 27. Bought of him 
 
44 BOOK-KEEPING PART FIRST. 
 
 5 bundles of lath @ 200, 86 ft. clear pine boards at $50. per M. (2 
 lines.) Mar. 16. Bought 100 ft. 2 in. plank at 50 per ft. (12.) Mar. 
 22. Worked for him 8 hours @ 200. (13.) Apr. 9. Bought V 2 ton 
 ch. coal at $5.50. Apr. 26. Bought 472 ft. flooring @ 2y 2 per ft., 864 
 ft. roof boards @ 1%0, 260 ft. spruce joists @ 1^0. (12.) Apr. 28. 
 Paid him $20. on acct. (37.) May 14. Repaired his coal wagon, 750. 
 (13.) May 27. Repaired roof of house, $1. June 8. Bought of him 16 
 fence posts @ 200, 420 ft. fence boards @ 40. June 16. Made for him 
 1 corner cupboard, $12. (13.) June 28. He has sold me a bill of 
 matched P. boards amounting to $7.49. June 30. Gave him my note 
 at 60 days for $30.00 to balance. (25.) 
 
 EXAMPLE IV. 
 
 The following is a furniture dealer's cash account for one 
 day, June 30, 19 — ; you will find that he has on hand at the 
 close of the day $181.36. 
 
 (See cash acct. Set I.) 
 
 Cash on hand $72.86. (8.) Paid freight bill of $4.75, and drayage, 
 $1.25. (8.) Sold for cash 1 set En. furniture, $175. Paid for sta- 
 tionery, $1.25. Received cash for 2 hair mattresses @ $12., 1 up- 
 holstered chair, $20., 1 spring rocker, $18. Paid James Rose, $5. 
 Sold for cash 1 child's crib, $6., 6 cane bottom chairs, $12. Paid draft 
 at sight of Mason & Jones, $150. (2 lines.) Rec'd for one black 
 walnut book case, $24. Sold for cash 1 piano stool, $8.50. Bought 
 for cash $50.00 worth black walnut lumber. Sold for cash 1 exten- 
 sion dining table, $15.00. Received for 1 doz. dining room chairs, 
 $18.00 and 1 cane rocking chair, $3.00. Paid William Smith, $10.00. 
 Received $50.00 for 1 sofa bedstead. Paid gas bill for 1 month, $6.75. 
 Sold for cash 1 lounge, $15.00, 4 office chairs @ $2.50, and 1 marble 
 top wash stand, $14. Received for 1 teacher's desk, $25.00. Paid 
 $100. for rent for mo. of June. (8.) 
 
 EXAMPLE V. 
 
 The following is the cash account of a young man who 
 works for -$50.00 per month, paid weekly, and the account is 
 balanced at the end of each week. (23.) 
 
 Jan. 4, 19 — . Cash on hand $10.00. Paid for 1 pr. gloves, 500, and 1 
 blank book, 200. Jan. 6. Paid 250 for a pocket knife. Paid for one 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 45 
 
 week's board, $5.00, and received for 1 week's salary, $12.50. (23.) 
 Jan. 12. Paid for telephoning, 250. Paid for collars and cuffs, 250, 
 and laundry, 500. Jan. 16. Paid 1 week's board, $5.00. Jan. 16. Re- 
 ceived 1 week's salary, $12.50. (23.) Jan. 18. Hired horse and car- 
 riage, $2.00, and paid for a suit of clothes, $15.00. Jan. 23. Paid for 
 board one week, $5.00, and received $12.50 for one week's salary. 
 Paid 500 for laundry. (23.) 
 
 (He has a balance of $13.05 on hand at the end of three 
 weeks. This is sufficient to show how a cash account balanced 
 weekly may be kept.) 
 
 EXAMPLE VI. 
 
 Memoranda of an account kept by a grocer with Elihu 
 Barnes, a dry goods merchant, for one month. 
 
 June 2, 19—. Sold Elihu Barnes 1 bbl. pat. Minn, flour, $6.50, 15 lbs. 
 sugar, $1.00, 15 lbs. rice @ 60, 12 lbs. loaf sugar @ 100. June 4. 
 Bought of Elihu Barnes 10 yds. silk at $2.25. June 5. Sold him 5 gals, 
 molasses at 650, liy 2 lbs. cheese at 140, and bought of him 14 yds. 
 cotton cloth @ 80. June 8. Sold him 1 box of butter, 5 lbs. at 250. 
 June 11. Sold him 14 lbs. ham at 120. June 14. He has bought of 
 me 6 doz. eggs at 16^0. (9.) June 19. He bought of me 10 gals. 
 K. oil at 150, 2 bu. potatoes @ 650 (9), and I bought of him 2 doz. 
 buttons at 250. (12.) June 21. Sold to him 1 box codfish 5 lbs. at 
 60, 1 bag of meal, $1.15, 2 bu. oats @ 400, 1 bu. corn, 600. Bot. of him 
 2 yds. ribbon @ 150, 3 yds. lace at 350. (12.) June 24. He sold to me 
 IY2 yds. flannel at 180. 25th. Bot. of Elihu Barnes 4 yds. broadcloth. 
 @ $3., y 2 doz. linen hdkfs. @ $1.50, 16 yds. sheeting @ 100. 29th. 
 Bought of him 4 yds. Hamburg @ 60, 3 yds. satinet @ $1.00, 1 pr. 
 gloves, $1.00, 2 pr. hose @ 250. (12.) Sold to him 20 lbs. pow. sugar 
 @ 100. 30th. Bought of him 1 necktie, 620, Zy 2 yds. cassimere @ 
 $3., 5 yds. cambric @ 120. July 1. Paid him cash to balance acct. 
 $30.51. (24.) (37.) 
 
 EXAMPLE VII. 
 
 Memoranda of Master John's receipts and expenditure in 
 his hen account for one year ; if written correctly it will show 
 
46 BOOK-KEEPING PART FIRST. 
 
 that he made a profit of $7.44, besides having a stock on hand 
 valued at $10.55. ( 2 6.) Write for heading, "Hen Acct." 
 
 Apr. 1, 19 — . Bought 2 large boxes for a hen-house @ 500. (2 
 lines.) 2 bundles of lath @ 250, 6 pine strips for yard, 180, 3 lbs. 
 nails @ 40, boards for roof, 400, and paid for carting boxes, 500. (26.) 
 Apr. 5. Bought 13 fowls at 750. Apr. 6. Bought 100 lbs. meal, $1.20, 
 2 bu. corn @ 600, % bu. cracked corn @ 640, 1 bu. oats, 280. Apr. 10. 
 1 bu. oyster shells, 100. Apr. 30. He has sold during the month of 
 April, eggs to the amt. of $1.60. May 31. Eggs sold this month 
 amounted to $1.84. June 30. Paid $3.25 for bill of feed, and sold two 
 dollars' worth of eggs. July 31. Value of eggs sold this month $1.96. 
 Aug. 31. Received for eggs during month of August $1.42. Sept. 19. 
 Bought feed to the amount of $3.42. Sept. 30. Received for egg3 
 this month $1.62. Oct. 31. Received $1.27 for eggs in October. Nov. 
 30. $1.34 was received in November. Dec. 31. Credit the "Hen 
 Acct." $1.51. Jan. 14. Paid for feed, $3.28. Jan. 31. Credit $2.40. 
 Feb. 28. Received for eggs this month, $2.58. Mar. 31. Sold eggs this 
 month to the value of $2.85, and have on hand 12 fowls valued at 650, 
 1 hen house value at $2.50, and feed on hand to the amount of 250. 
 (The last three are Cr. items.) 
 
 EXAMPLE VIM. 
 
 Sinclair Farm. 
 
 The following is the owner's account with the Sinclair Farm 
 rented to Jacob Wilson, per lease for $400.00. (26.) 
 
 Open an account with "Sinclair Farm," April 1st, 19 — , and on the 
 Dr. side write, To value of Farm, $5000. Apr. 15. Paid for paint and 
 oil, $22.48. (26.) (37.) May 1. To 12 days' work painting at $1.75. 
 4th. Paid Township tax of $37.50. 18th. Sold 1 stack of hay 6 tons 
 at $17. (26.) June 1st. Paid cash for insurance on buildings, $15.25. 
 8th. Bought for farm 150 ches. rails @ 80. July 1st. Received 1 
 quarter's rent, $100. (26.) 18th. Sold 1% cords oak bark at $30. 
 Aug. 4th. A carpenter worked 4 days at $2. on carriage house and I 
 furnished lumber to the amount of $4.85. Oct. 1st. Jacob Wilson has 
 paid 1 quarter's rent, $100. 9th. Paid highway tax $6.82. 10th. I 
 furnished 10 rolls of paper @ 400. Nov. 18th. Sold timber to the 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 47 
 
 amount of $28.65. Dec. 11th. Bought 80 tons of marl @ 800, to be 
 drawn at expense of tenant. Jan. 1st, 19 — . Received of Jacob 
 Wilson $100. for rent 3 mos. 19th. Received for timber sold, $52.35. 
 Feb. 8th. I have taken for my own use 6 cords of wood valued when 
 standing at $2.50 per cord. (26.) 25th. My tenant has made 1 gate 
 $1.50 which I pay for. Mar. 18th. To painting kitchen, $2.40. Mar. 
 24th. Paid for mason work, $3.60. Have taken for my own use 20 
 fence posts, worth 150 each. 28th. Paid for making 10 pair bar posts 
 @ 250. 31st. Jacob Wilson has paid 1 qr's. rent, $100. 
 
 As I have put on as much as I have taken from the farm, I call its 
 value $5000. (26.) 
 
 If you have written the account correctly you will find the 
 owner's profit to be $440.10. 
 
 EXAMPLE IX. 
 
 No. 76 Orange St. 
 
 Owner's account with House and Lot, No. 76 Orange St., 
 valued at $4000, and rented to Henry Nichols for $300. 
 
 Open an account with "No. 76 Orange St.;" as the rent is paid 
 monthly give the property credit, on the last day of each month dur- 
 ing the year, for $25., and enter the following memoranda of ex- 
 penses on the Dr. side (26.) after writing the value of the property 
 Jan. 1, 19 — , on the Dr. side. Jan. 1. Paid $24. for insurance for three 
 years, ^ of $24. to be charged this year. (37.) Feb. 24. The plumber 
 cleared the frozen water pipes at a cost of $2.50. Mar. 16. Paid for 
 repairing side-walk, $1.50. Apr. 1. Paid Township tax of $22.50. 
 Apr. 4. Paid 3 months' water bill, $3.00. May 16. Paid School tax, 
 $7.50. June 5. Bought 50 lbs. paint @ 6%fc 4 gals, oil at $1. July 1. 
 Paid water bill, $3.00. 29th. Repairing fence, $1.75, 1 fence post, 25f*. 
 Oct. 1. Paid 1 quarter's water rent, $3.00. Nov. 14. Bought 3 elm 
 shade trees, $5.00. 15th. Paid City tax, $21.00. Dec. 31. Paid water 
 bill for 3 mos., $3.00. 
 
 Calling the value of the property at the end of the year, 
 $4000, the owner's profit, or balance is $210.75. ( 2 6.) 
 
48 BOOK-KEEPING PART FIRST. 
 
 SET II. 
 
 The following is a record of the business transactions 
 of a farmer with a blacksmith, carpenter, dry goods merchant, 
 grocer, hired man, neighbor, and cash, for a year. 
 
 The occupations are given, and the learner may substitute 
 for them the names of persons following these occupations 
 with whom he is acquainted. 
 
 If the transactions are properly written you will find that the 
 farmer owes the blacksmith, $29.90, and the hired man, $46.78 ; 
 that the carpenter owes the farmer, $18.46, the merchant, 
 $14.53, tne grocer, $45.53 ; that he has cash on hand, $109.20, 
 and the neighbor's account balances. 
 
 January. 
 
 2nd. The blacksmith has shod my horses $3. (14.) Sold 
 the carpenter y 2 ton of hay @ $22.50. (9.) Bought of the 
 grocer 1 bbl. of flour, $6.25. (12.) The carpenter has re- 
 paired my sled for $2.84. (14.) I have cash on hand, $48.20. 
 (37.) 10th. I have received for teaming, $5.00. (17.) And 
 paid for insurance on house, $8.65. (18.) 14th. My hired 
 man has cut wood for me 6 days @ $1.00. Sold my neighbor 
 12 lbs. mutton @ 12^. 21st. The blacksmith has bolted yoke 
 for me, 75^. Sold 1 cd. wood to hired man, $5.00. (9). Sold 
 ths grocer 1 cord walnut wood for $6.00. 28th. I have 
 bought of the carpenter 1 ox sled @ $15.00; and sold him 1000 
 ft. ash plank at $25. per thousand. (9.) 
 
 February. 
 
 1st. Bought of dry goods merchant a bill of dry goods 
 amounting to $12.68, and sold him 6 bu. potatoes @ 65^, 4 
 doz. eggs @ 36^, 15 lbs. mutton at I2f 4th. The black- 
 smith has shod my sleigh for $4.00. Drew wood for my hired 
 man 1 day, $4.50. 11th. Sold the grocer 480 lbs. pork @ 7^. 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 
 
 49 
 
 Paid my hired man, $2.00 (10.), and he has worked 10 days @ 
 $1. (14.) The carpenter has filed my cross-cut saw, 50^. Paid 
 for 1 year's subscription for paper, $2.00. (18.) 14th. The 
 carpenter has worked 2 days for me @ $2.00. 27th. The 
 grocer has bought of me 1 cord chest, wood at $5.00 (9.), and 
 I have bought of hirn 10 gals, molasses at 65^, 10. gals. K. oil 
 at 15^, 2 doz. oranges at 40^. 28th. The merchant has 
 bought of me 1 cord oak wood, $6.00. Sold for cash 2 cords 
 chest, wood at $5.00. (17.) 
 
 March. 
 4th. Drew 1 ton of coal for blacksmith, $2.00, and 1 load 
 old iron to foundry, $1.50 (13.), he has mended log chain for 
 me 25^, and 1 iron bar 20^. 9th. Drew lumber for carpenter 
 $3.00, and bought of him 380 ft. oak plank @ 3^. (13.) (12.) 
 16th. The merchant has sold me 18 yds. cotton cloth at 8#, I 
 umbrella, $1.75, 2 doz. buttons @ 40^, 1 pr. gloves, $1.25. 
 18th. I have bought of the grocer 24 lbs. sugar @ 7^, 20 lbs. 
 gran, sugar @ 10$, 10 lbs. pow. sugar, $1.00; and sold him 1 
 jar butter 35 lbs. at 30^. 19th. The hired man has worked 6 
 days at $1.00; and he has hired my horse and carriage one 
 day, $1.50. (21.) 
 
 April. 
 1st. Sold the blacksmith y 2 ton of hay at %22. ; and he has 
 made for me 17 harrow teeth at 10^. 2nd. The carpenter has 
 worked for me 3 days @ $2.00. ; he has bought of me 1^2 tons 
 of hay at $22. 5th. Sold to the merchant a bill of timber for 
 barn, $35. ; and bought of him 3 yds. Turkey red cloth at 25^, 
 20 yds. Hamburg @ 2$, 10 yds. bleached c. cloth at 7^, 12 yds. 
 unbleached c. cloth at 5$. 12th. Sold the grocer 12 doz. eggs 
 at 20^, 4 bu. potatoes @ 70^ ; bought of him 9 lbs. prunes at 
 6^, 8 lbs. mackerel @ 8$. 30th. The hired man has worked 
 
50 BOOK-KEEPING — PART FIRST. 
 
 for me I month, $20. ; and I have paid him $10. (10.) 30th. 
 My neighbor has helped me 2 days sawing wood @ $1.50. 
 Paid for sawing wood by horse power 2 days @ $5. (18.) 
 
 May. 
 
 8th. Traded horses with my neighbor and received $20.00. 
 (17. only), and sold him 5 bu. seed oats at -40^, 1 bu. seed po- 
 tatoes, $1.00. 14th. My neighbor has worked 1 day grafting 
 trees for me, $1.50. 18th. Was paid $5. for 1 day's work with 
 team. 27th. Plowed garden for hired man, 75$. 31st. Bought 
 of the grocer 1 bbl. flour, $6.00. Sold the merchant y 2 ton 
 rye straw at $16. My hired man has worked 1 month, $20.00. 
 
 June. 
 4th. Bought 1 cultivator for cash, $6.50. 10th. My neigh- 
 bor has hoed corn for me 3 days at $1.50; and I have sold him 
 2 pigs at $5.00. The blacksmith has shod my horse, $2.00. 
 19th. Drew 1 ton of coal for the blacksmith, $2.00. Bought of 
 the grocer 2 lbs. tea at 75^. 30th. Paid for repairing bicycle, 
 $3.25. My hired man has worked 1 month, $20.00. 
 
 July. 
 2nd. Bought of the grocer, 1 doz. lemons, 25^, 1 sack coarse 
 salt, $4.00, 18 lbs. rock salt @ 2$. The blacksmith has re- 
 paired my mowing machine, $1.25. 4th. Received for horse 
 and carriage, $3.00. 5th. The carpenter has made for me 1 
 revolving horse rake, $8.00; and 1 set hay shelvings, $4.00. 
 Paid for horse pitchfork, $7.00. The blacksmith has made for 
 me 2 pulley fasteners @ 50^. 11th. My neighbor has helped 
 me 2 days haying at $2.00 ; and I have worked for him 1 day 
 with mowing machine, $5.00. 31st. I credit my hired man 
 with 1 month's work, $20. ; and the carpenter with 4 hours' 
 work at 20^. 
 
single ledger. double page. 51 
 
 August. 
 
 1st. Have kept i horse for the grocer 8 weeks @ 75^. Paid 
 the hired man, $20.00, and gave him my note at 3 mo. for $50. 
 Received cash for 2 tons hay from field at $18.00. 12th. My 
 neighbor has worked for me 4 days cradling at $2.50, and he 
 has hired my team 1 day, $3.00. 18th. Bought of the mer- 
 chant a bill of dry goods amounting to $8.44 ; and sold him 16 
 lbs. butter at 25^. 21st. Gave my hired man an order on the 
 grocer for $10.00. (15.) 28th. The blacksmith has shod my 
 horse $2.00, and I have sold him 6 lbs. butter @ 25^. The 
 carpenter has repaired my cultivator, 50^. 31st. My hired 
 man has worked 1 month, $20.00. Paid cash for threshing, 
 $8.00. Have delivered to John Hall 1 ton of hay on an order 
 from the carpenter, $16. (16.) 
 
 September. 
 
 4th. Paid for 2 bu. seed wheat at $2.00, and for freight 50^. 
 Received pay 2 loads straw @ $10., and for teaming, $7.50. 
 (17.) 6th. Bought of my neighbor 11 hens @ 60^, and sold 
 him 1 calf for $6^. 10th. I charge my hired man 1 day's lost 
 time, JJ$, and use of horse and carriage, $1.50. (21.) 11th. 
 Sold the grocer 4 bu. apples at 40^, 3 bu. potatoes at 70^, 1 bu. 
 turnips, 40^. Bought of the merchant 2 pr. overalls at 37^^, 
 and sold him 2 bu. potatoes at 70^. 18th. The carpenter has 
 mended my ladder, 75^, and I have bought of him 1 new one 
 for $3.00. 24th. The blacksmith has shod my horses for 
 $3.00. 30th. Sold the blacksmith 2 bu. potatoes at 70^, 1 bu. 
 turnips at 35^. Sold my neighbor 15 eggs at 40^ per doz., and 
 14 lbs. pork at 9^. Credit hired man by 1 month's work, $20.00. 
 
 October. 
 
 3rd. My neighbor has borrowed $5.00 of me (10.), and I 
 have sold him 1 old wagon for $12.00. 8th. Sold to the car- 
 penter 25 bundles rye straw at 6^. 9th. Bought for cash 10 
 
52 BOOK-KEEPING PART FIRST. 
 
 lbs. oat meal @ 6^, I box figs, 50^. Charge the blacksmith 
 for pasturing horse 6 weeks at 75^, and give him credit for 
 mending chain, 25^. 14th. Hauled 2 loads lumber for car- 
 penter at $3, and 2 cords wood @ $1. (13.) 18th. Sold to 
 the grocer 3 bu. apples at 75^, 20 lbs. butter @ 32^. 19th. 
 Sold to hired man 5 lambs at $3.50. 21st. My neighbor has 
 paid $5.00. 24th. My hired man has worked 1 month, $20.00, 
 and I have sold him 12 bu. oats at 40^. 
 
 November. 
 
 1st. Paid note of hired man, $50. (18.) My neighbor has 
 paid me $20. on acct. (11.) 4th. Sold the grocer 10 bu. oats 
 @ 40^, 1 load rye straw, $8., 5 bu. potatoes @ 70^. (9.) 8th. 
 Sold my neighbor 1 bbl. apples, $2., 1 bbl. $1.50, and 5 bu. oats 
 at 40^. 17th. Sold for cash 18 bbls. apples @ $1.25, 10 bbls. 
 @ $1.50. 24th. The merchant has bought of me 3 bbls. 
 apples at $1.75, 1 ton hay, $18., *^ ton rye straw at $12. (9.), 
 and he has paid me $30. on acct. (11.) Sold my neighbor 62 
 lbs. beef @ 8^. 28th. The carpenter has made a stalk sled for 
 me, $6.50, and has worked 7 days @ $2. for me. (14.) 30th. 
 My hired man has worked 8 days @ $1. for me this month. 
 
 December. 
 
 9th. My neighbor has helped me 1 day sawing wood, $1.50, 
 2 days drawing logs at $1.50, and I have sold him 1 stick of 
 timber for $3. and one for $5.50. 11th. Bought of the mer- 
 chant 20 yds. carpet at 85^, 1 lady's wrap, $18., 3 yds. broad- 
 cloth @ $3., and sold him 26 lbs. butter @ 30^, 2 bbls. apples 
 @ $1.75, 1 ton hay, $20. 15th. Bought of the carpenter 1 saw 
 horse, 75^, 1 wagon jack, $1.25. 16th. Sold to the blacksmith 
 4 bbls. apples @ $1.75. 18th. Bought of my neighbor 1 stick 
 of timber for sled tongue, $1.25. Bought of the grocer 1 bbl. 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 53 
 
 flour, $6. 19th. Bought of the blacksmith I sleigh, $40., and 
 he has repaired my sled, 75^, and 1 log chain, 50^, 1 yoke, 50^. 
 23rd. Bought of the merchant 1 pr. blankets, $4. Bought of 
 my neighbor 1 ox yoke, $6., and y 2 bu. corn @ 62^. 31st. 
 My hired man has worked for me 12 days @ $1., and I have 
 sold him 52 lbs. beef @ 8^, 2 bu. corn @ 62^, 2 bu. rye @ 75^. 
 
 SET III. 
 Riverside Farm. 
 
 The following is a record of the business transactions of 
 William Starr ; who buys a farm near the village of Westboro. 
 It includes accounts with a grocer, dry goods merchant, lum- 
 ber dealer, boot and shoe merchant, wheelwright, carpenter, 
 blacksmith, drover, dealer in hardware, day laborer, month 
 laborer, bank, cash acct, notes given and notes received; for 
 two years ; the accts. are balanced, and statements made at the 
 close of each year, showing his present worth ; and profits for 
 the past year; also his capital for the next. 
 
 Write "Riverside Farm Cash Acct." on pages 36 and 37 of 
 your blank book, and write the four cash items. On the next 
 two pages open an account with Brown & Hill, then with 
 Stone & Hall, etc. 
 
 Jan. 1, 1902. With a cash capital of $5000. (8.) he buys "River- 
 side Farm" for $3000. cash (18.), and begins farming. Paid for bill of 
 furniture $242.65. Bought for cash a bill of household goods amount- 
 ing to $17.35. 2nd. Bought of Brown & Hill bill of groceries, on acct. 
 $42.67. 3rd. Bought carpets to the amt. of $58.64 of Stone & Hall on 
 acct. 4th. Nash & Coit have sold him lumber to the amt. of $14.82. 
 (12.) 6th. Deposited $1000 in Westboro Bank (Bank Dr. and Cash 
 Cr.) (7.) (27.) Bought of E. P. Reeves 1 pr. thick boots, $2.50. 1 
 pr. rubber boots, $3.50. Bought for cash 1 stack of hay, $45. 9th. 
 Sold L. B. Wright 1 W. O. tree, $2.50, 1 ash tree, $1.75 on acct. 12th. 
 
54 BOOK-KEEPING PART FIRST. , 
 
 William Ware has worked 5 days @ $2. Credit Edwin Stone by shoe- 
 ing 1 pr. horses, $3.50. 13th. Bought of James Willis 1 pr. bay 
 horses, for $290. (12.) Jacob Smith has worked 10 days @ $1.25. 
 Samuel Jones has sold William Starr 1 hub range, $18.50, fixtures for 
 range, $8. (12.) 14th. Bought of Brown & Hill 5 cwt. meal at $1.20. 
 Bought of Nash & Coit 4 bundles lath @ 250, % M. shingles @ $4. 
 15th. Bought of James Willis on acct. 4 Alderney cows @ $60.; and 
 gave him a note at six months for $500. (28.) (20.) 20th. Credit 
 Jacob Smith with 5 days' work at $1.25. 23rd. Edwin Stone has 
 ironed a heavy sled, $1.50, which was bought this day of L. B. Wright 
 for $14.50 on acct. 29th. Sold for cash 1280 ft. of elm plank @ 20. 
 30th. Paid cash for sundries per memorandum, $41.28. 
 
 Feb. 8th. Sold for cash 4% cords oak wood at $6. Sold Brown & 
 Hill 2 cords walnut wood @ $6.25. 11th. Bot. of Stone & Hall 15 
 yds. cotton cloth @ 80, 6 yds. linen @ 550, 4 doz. buttons @ 120, 1 pr. 
 fur gloves, $3.12, and sold }.hem 3 cords ches. wood at $5. 18th. Sold 
 Nash & Coit 1864 ft. ches. plank @ 1^0. 24th. Bot. of E. P. Reeves 
 
 1 pr. calf boots, $4., 1 pr. child's shoes, $2., 1 rubber coat, $4.50. Sold 
 to L. B. Wright 284 ft. W. O. plank @ 2^0, 460 ft. ash plank @ Zf, 
 342 ft. O. timber @ 2V 2 0. Credit William Ware with 3 days work at 
 $2., and charge him 2 cords C. wood at $5. 28th. Bought of Edwin 
 Stone 1 sleigh, $24. Jacob Smith has worked 8 days cutting wood at 
 $1.25. Bought of Samuel Jones on acct. 1 Bay State parlor stove, $24., 
 
 2 hay forks at 900. 
 
 Mar. 8th. Bought for cash 42 hens @ 600. Bought of L. B. Wright 
 1 team wagon, $42., 1 set hay shelvings, $8. Sold Edwin Stone 1 load 
 slabs, $4. 16th. Bought of James Willis 6 Alderney cows at $65. 
 Gave Jacob Smith an order on Brown & Hill for $10. (15.) Sold 
 Nash & Coit 80 fence posts @ 200. 28th. Received for 200 telegraph 
 poles @ $3.25, $650., and $200. for 100 piles @ $2. Jacob Smith has 
 worked 4 days @ $1.25. 
 
 Apr. 1st. Deposited in Westboro Bank, $400. (27.) Sold Brown 
 & Hill 8% doz. eggs at 360, 24% lbs. butter at 300, and bought 1 bbl. 
 P. Minn, flour, $6.25. Sold Stone & Hall 16 lbs. butter @ 300, 6 doz. 
 eggs @ 360. 14th. Sold E. P. Reeves 1 cord C. wood, $5, and a bill 
 of timber for barn $34.60. Paid a saw bill of $24.50. 18th. Drew 
 stones for E. P. Reeves 2 days at $5. Paid a township tax of $46.00. 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 55 
 
 30th. Jacob Smith has worked 12 days @ $1.50. Credit Lyman Snow 
 with 1 month's work, $25. 
 
 May 4th. Bought for cash 8 pigs at $4. 15th. Paid for 80 tons 
 marl @ $1., and received pay for 40 fence posts at 250. Bought of 
 Brown & Hill per bill groceries to the amt. of $16.42. Bot. of Stone 
 & Hall 12 rolls satin wall paper @ 400, 16 yds. border @ 100. 31st. 
 Lyman Snow has worked 1 month, $25. 
 
 June 8th. Gave Lyman Snow an order on Nash & Coit for lumber 
 to the amt. of $15. (15.) Worked 6 days drawing gravel for E. P. 
 Reeves @ $5. 14th. E. P. Reeves has given his note for $50. payable 
 in 60 days. (19.) (29.) Sold Samuel Jones 6 doz. eggs @ 250, 10 
 lbs. butter @ 300, and bought of him 1 cultivator, $6.50, 2 hoes @ 650, 
 3 hand rakes @ 250. 30th. Lyman Snow has worked 1 month, $25., 
 and Jacob Smith 10 days @ $1.50. Credit Samuel Jones with a bill 
 of phosphate, $54.65, and debit him with note at 30 days for $100. (28.) 
 
 July 1st. Gave Jacob Smith a check on Westboro Bank for $50. 
 (J. S. Dr.) (27.) Gave a check on W. Bank to Charles Watson for 
 $45. (32.) 2nd. Bought of Nash & Coit 15 M. shingles @ $4.50. 
 Wm. Ware has worked 10 days on barn at $2. 15th. Paid note to 
 James Willis, due this day, by check on Westboro Bank for $500. 
 (44.) Bought of James Willis 40 sheep at $3.25. 18th. Sold to Jacob 
 Smith 2000 lbs. hay at $16. per ton. Edwin Stone has mended a 
 chain, 250, and shod 1 pr. horses, $3.50; and charge him for drawing 
 2 tons of coal @ $1.50. 24th. Sold Wm. Ware 3000 lbs. hay at $16. 
 per ton. Jacob Smith has worked 20 days at $2.00. Sold for cash 
 20 doz. eggs @ 200, and 50 lbs. butter @ 250. Bought of Brown & Hill 
 groceries to the amt. of $24.82; and sold them 4000 lbs hay at $16. 
 per ton. 25th. Sold for cash 2 tons W. O. bark @ $30. Bought of 
 Stone & Hall dry goods per bill, $5.60. 30th. Note to Samuel Jones 
 paid by check on W. Bank $50., cash $50. (44.) 31st. Lyman Snow 
 has worked 1 month $25.; and have given him an order on Brown 
 & Hill for $12. (15.) 
 
 Aug. 8th. Sold Brown & Hill 8 doz. eggs @ 200, 32 lbs. butter @ 250. 
 Have drawn lumber for Nash & Coit per contract, $40. 13th. Note of 
 E. P. Reeves paid in cash, $50. (43.) 24th. Bought of E. P. Reeves 
 1 pr. shoes, $2., 1 pr. boots, $3. Bought of L. B. Wright, 1 stone drag, 
 
56 BOOK-KEEPING PART FIRST. 
 
 $5., and he has made a harrow frame, $2. Sold 20 lambs for $40. cash. 
 Edwin Stone has made 16 harrow teeth @ 100. 31st. Credit Lyman 
 Snow with 1 month's work, $25. 
 
 Sept. 14th. Sold Stone & Hall 3 tons hay @ $18., 4 bu. potatoes @ 
 750, 2 bu. apples @ $1.50. Gave note to James Willis for $390.00 
 payable in 6 mo. Sold Lyman Snow 2 pigs @ $4.50. 19th. Bought 
 of Samuel Jones 1 plow, $5.25, 1 iron kettle, 750. Jacob Smith has 
 worked 6^ days @ $1.50, and I have sold him 3 pigs @ $4.50, 64 lbs. 
 beef at 80; and have given him an order on Stone & Hall for $15.50. 
 30th. Credit Lyman Snow with 1 month's work, $25.; and charge him 
 cash, $20., check on W. Bank, $50., and my note at 4 mo. for $44. to 
 balance. (27.) (25.) 
 
 Oct. 3rd. Sold Edwin Stone 2 tons of hay @ $18., 5 bu. potatoes @ 
 600, 1 bu. apples, 750, 18 lbs. butter @ 250; and he has repaired my 
 wagon, $2.50, and shod horse, $1.25. 14th. Wm. Ware has worked 
 1 day, $2.00, and sold me 1 wheelbarrow, $2., 1 corner cupboard, $12.50. 
 Bought of L. B. Wright 1 stalk cart, $10. 18th. Bought of E. P. 
 Reeves 1 pr. slippers, $1.25, 2 boxes blacking @ 80; and sold him 6 doz. 
 eggs @ 200, 14 lbs. butter @ 250, 2 bu. turnips at 250. Drew lumber 
 for Nash & Coit 4 days @ $5.; and bought of them 360 pine pickets (a) 
 30. 25th. 2 bbls. of flour @ $6. were bought of Brown & Hill; and 
 sold them 6 doz. eggs @ 250, 10 bu. turnips @ 250. 
 
 Nov. 8th. Credit Jacob Smith with 3 days' work @ $1.50; and 
 charge 1 calf, $6. Bought of James Willis 1 pr. steers, $60. Sold to 
 Edwin Stone 5 bu. turnips @ 250, 3 bbls. apples @ $1.50. 13th. Sold 
 L. B. Wright 380 ft. ash plank @ 30, 340 ft. timber @ 20. 14th. Sold 
 a bill of timber to John Nichols amounting to $84.60 for which he has 
 given his note payable in 4 mo. (29.) (One entry.) Sold Samuel 
 Jones 2 bbls. apples @ $2., 2 bbls. @ $1.50. 30th. Jacob Smith has 
 cut 18 cords of wood @ $1. Sold Wm. Ware 5 bbls. apples @ $1.50, 
 10 bu. potatoes @ 750. 
 
 Dec. 1st. Sold E. P. Reeves 10 bu. potatoes @ 700, 3 bbls. apples CD 
 $1.50. 4th. Paid a bill for seed wheat, $15.60. 12th. Sold for cash 
 18 bbls. apples @ $2., 100 cabbages <g> 10c, 2 bu. onions @ $2. 19th. 
 Gave James Willis a check on W. Bank for $200. (J. W. Dr.) (27.) 
 24th. Sold for cash 120 lbs. chickens @ 16^0. 31st. Paid cash per 
 memorandum, $176.09. 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 57 
 
 This closes the business for the year. Open an account 
 with Wm. Starr on pages 64 and 65 and close the ledger. (30.) 
 
 On the Cr. side of Starr's account write the following in- 
 ventory of property on hand : Riverside Farm, valued at 
 $2500., Household Goods, $400., Farming Utensils, $125., 1 pr. 
 Horses, $275., 9 Cows, $540., 40 Sheep, $140., 30 Lambs, $60., 
 Hay and Grain, $265., 40 Hens, $20., Potatoes, Apples, etc., 
 $55. You will also get the following Assets from the ledger 
 balances : Cash in bank, $505., Cash on hand, $933.43, E. P. 
 Reeves, bal. on acct. $23.39, Edwin Stone, bal. on acct. $18.90; 
 and from record of Notes Receivable, Note of John Nichols, 
 $84.60; making total assets, $5945.32. 
 
 The Liabilities are, per ledger balances, Brown & Hill, bal. 
 on acct. $61.74, Stone & Hall, $12.28, Nash & Coit, $11.82, L. 
 B. Wright, $29.60, Wm. Ware, $3.50, James Willis, $20., Jacob 
 Smith, $22.88, Samuel Jones, $10., and from "Notes Payable'' 
 record, Note to James Willis, $390., note to Lyman Snow, $44., 
 making total liabilities, $605.82. (Dr. side.) 
 
 The difference between the assets and liabilities is the bal- 
 ance of the account, which is $5339.50, this amount is the net 
 capital at closing, or present worth ; it is also the capital for 
 the next year. 
 
 On 'the last page of your blank book find the profit, (31.), the 
 capital at beginning Jan. 1, 1902 was cash, $5000, the capital 
 at closing, Dec. 31, 1902, was per Starr's account $5339.50, and 
 the profit for the year, $339.50. Write his name at top of page. 
 
 On detached papers, not in the blank book make Statements 
 of the facts found on page 22 of the text book. See form 
 page 24. 
 
 
58 book-keeping part first. 
 
 Riverside Farm. 
 
 William Starr's business transactions for the year 1903 con- 
 tinued in the same book, and on the same pages as the ac- 
 counts of 1902 (23.), except the cash acct., the balance of which 
 must be carried to the Dr. side of pages 62 and 63, and a new 
 cash acct. opened; date the balance Jan. 1, 1903, also all the 
 balances brought down. 
 
 Jan. 1st. Paid cash for insurance, $15.50. Bot. of Brown & Hill 
 a bill of groceries on acct. $18.64; and paid them cash on acct. $60. 
 18th. Bought of Samuel Jones 1 stove (base burner), $18.50. Sold to 
 Jacob Smith 18% lbs. pork @ 80. 24th. Bought of James Willis 2 
 cows @ $55. Edwin Stone has repaired sleigh, 850, sharpened horse 
 shoes, $2., and mended 2 log chains, 500. Wm. Ware has worked 2 
 days @ $2. 30th. Paid note to Lyman Snow in cash, $44. (44.) 
 
 Feb. 8th. L. B. Wright has made a tongue for sled, $2., and Edwin 
 Stone has ironed the same, 750. Bought of E. P. Reeves 1 pr. boots, 
 $2.50, 1 pr. rubbers, 750, 1 pr. child's shoes, $2.25. 18th. Deposited 
 in the W. Bank $500. (27.) Bot. of Nash & Coit 280 ft. spruce joists 
 @ 1%0. Sold to Stone & Hall on acct. 1 jar butter 24 lbs. @ 300; and 
 bought of them a bill of dry goods, $8.62. 23rd. Sold for cash 480 lbs. 
 pork @ 70, 720 lbs. beef @ 60. Sold Brown & Hill 80 lbs. pork at 70, 
 20 lbs. beef at 60. 
 
 Mar. 4th. Gave Jacob Smith an order on Brown & Hill, $6.50, and 
 one on Nash & Coit for $10.00. (15.) 14. Paid in cash, note to James 
 Willis due this day, $390. (44.) Received cash for note of John 
 Nichols due this day, $84.60. (43.) 23rd. Jacob Smith has worked 
 6 days at $1.50. Sold Edwin Stone 2 cords oak wood @ $6., and drew 
 1 load of coal for him, $1.50. 
 
 Apr. 6th. Drew 4 loads of lumber for Wm. Ware @ $1.00. Sold to 
 L. B. Wright 240 ft. oak plank @ 2%0, 342 ft. ches. plank @ 1%0, 2 bu. 
 potatoes @ 700, 1 bbl. apples, $1.50. 8th. Sold E. P. Reeves 4 doz. 
 eggs @ 300, 12 lbs. butter @ 250, 16 bundles straw @ 100. 16th. Sold 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 59 
 
 Jacob Smith 1 calf, $4.50. Sold Nash & Coit 40 fence posts @ 200, 
 2000 ft. ches. plank @ 1%0. Sold Stone & Hall 12 lbs. mutton @ 100, 
 12 lbs. butter @ 250, 8 doz. eggs @ 200. 30th. Paid cash for 40 apple 
 trees @ 500, 10 pear trees @ $1., 6 peach trees @ 250, 2 quince bushes 
 @ 750. Lyman Snow has worked one month, $25. Sold to Lot Wilson 
 on his note at 3 mos., 1 pr. steers, $100. (29.) 
 
 May 4th. 16 lbs. asparagus @ 12 %0 were sold to Brown & Hill, also 
 16 lbs. butter @ 250. Bought of Nash & Coit lumber for grape arbor, 
 $6.84. Wm. Ware has worked 4 days @ $2., on grape arbor, and sold 
 him 10 hens @ 650. 15th. Paid James Willis by check on W. Bank 
 $100. (27.) 31st. Gave check on W. Bank for bill of phosphate, 
 $120. (32.) Credit Lyman Snow 1 month's work, $25. 
 
 June 3rd. Gave Lyman Snow an order on Nash & Coit for $25. (15.) 
 Sold Nash & Coit 6 doz. eggs @ 16^0, 8 lbs. butter @ 250, 2 bu. pota- 
 toes @ 700. 18th. L. B. Wright has repaired 1 wagon wheel, 750, and 
 made a cultivator frame, $2.25. 30th. Lyman Snow has worked one 
 month, $25. 
 
 July 3rd. Sold for cash 8 bu. pease @ $1.50, 20 qts. strawberries @ 
 200. 8th. Sold Samuel Jones 1 bu. apples, 750, 4 doz. eggs @ 200, 1 bu. 
 turnips, 250. 31st. Lot Wilson has paid his note due this day $100. 
 (43.) Credit Lyman Snow with 1 month's work, $25.; and charge him, 
 cash on acct. $15. (10.) and 5 lambs @ $2. 
 
 Aug. 1st. Deposited in Westboro Bank $100. (27.) Loaned John 
 Pay well $300. on note payable in one year at 5 per ct. interest, and 
 gave him a check on Westboro Bank for the amt. (29.) (32.) 4th. 
 Jacob Smith has worked the month of July for $30.; and paid him 
 cash on acct. $20. 18th. Bought of Samuel Jones 2 shovels at 750. 
 Bought of James Willis 20 sheep @ $3.00 per head; and gave him a 
 check for $50. (12.) (27.) 31st. Lyman Snow has worked the 
 month of Aug., $25.; and sold him 10 hens @ 650, 1 heifer, $30. 
 
 Sept. 1st. Have pastured 2 horses for Nash & Coit 10 weeks at 500 
 per week each. Bought a bill of groceries amounting to $34.65 of 
 Brown & Hill. 2nd. Paid a bill of fertilizers amounting to $120. by 
 check on Westboro Bank to Lippincott & Co. (32.) 8th. Bought of 
 L. B. Wright 1 dump cart, $25., and sold him 16 chickens at 400, 4 bu. 
 
60 BOOK-KEEPING PART FIRST. 
 
 oats @ 400, 2 bu. corn @ 800. 18th. Wm. Ware has worked 5 days @ 
 $2.; and charge him with 1 cord chest, wood, $5., 1 load wheat straw, 
 $12. 30th. Bought of Wm. Ware 1 set corn sides, $6. Lyman Snow 
 has worked 1 month, $25., and I have given him a check on W. Bank 
 for $50. 
 
 Oct. 13th. Bought of James Willis 10 head young cattle, $350.; and 
 gave him a check on W. Bank for $75. and note at 3 months for $300. 
 25th. Paid bill of sundries amounting to $16.50. 
 
 Nov. 1st. Sold for cash wool to the amt. of $188.64. Jacob Smith 
 has worked 6 days @ $1.50. 8th. Edwin Stone has shod 1 pr. horses, 
 $3.00. Wm. Ware has made 1 washing tank, $4., and 1 clothes reel, 
 $3.80. 22nd. Edwin Stone has paid $20. on acct. (11.) Bought of 
 Brown & Hill bill of groceries, $17.65. Bought of Stone & Hall a bill 
 of dry goods, $11.15. Sold to Nash & Coit 1000 ft. chest, plank at $15. 
 per M. 30th. Deposited in W. Bank, $100. (Bank Dr. and Cash Cr.) 
 
 Dec. 1st. Sold Amos White on note at 60 days, 6 head young cattle 
 @ $40. (29.) Bought of Samuel Jones 1 grindstone, $4., 1 grain 
 shovel, $1.50, 1 feed kettle, $2.50; and sold him 28 lbs. butter @ 250, 6 
 bu. potatoes @ 600. 11th. Edwin Stone has ironed 1 team wagon, $12. 
 14th. Sold to William Ware 24 lbs. butter @ 250, 1 bbl apples, $2., 
 8 doz. eggs @ 350, 4 bu. potatoes @ 600, 1 bu. onions, $1.50, 2 bu. 
 turnips @ 300. Bought of E. P. Reeves 1 doz. shoe boxes, $1.20, and 
 he has given me an order on Nash & Coit for $22.49 for the bal. of his 
 acct. (50.) 20th. Bot. of Nash & Coit 200 ft. pine boards @ 50, 120 
 ft. matched boards @ 40. Bought of Stone & Hall 10 yds. oil cloth 
 <g> 350, 4 window curtains @ 500, 1 pr. blankets, $8.; and sold them 
 32 lbs. butter @ 250, 12 lbs. chickens @ 15c. 27th. Bought of Brown 
 & Hill groceries per bill, $12.16; and sold them 30 lbs. chickens @ 150. 
 28th. Paid cash for marl drawn to date, $75.47. 29th. Sold for cash 
 20 lambs and 4 calves, $100. 30th. Bought of John Pancoast 10 acres 
 of land @ $30., paid by check on W. Bank. (32.) 31st. Have paid 
 cash for articles per mem., $125. Received cash for pork, $59.64, and 
 for beef, $40.36. (17.) 
 
 This closes the record for the year, open an account with 
 Wm. Starr, on pages 66 and 6j, and close the ledger. (30.) 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. DOUBLE PAGE. 6l 
 
 The following is the inventory of the property on hand : 
 Riverside Farm valued at $3000., Farming Utensils, $150., 
 Household Goods, $400., 12 Cows @ $65., 1 pr. Horses, $275., 
 65 Sheep, $195., 28 Lambs, $56., 6 Young Cattle, $225., 80 
 Hens, $48., Hay and Grain, $300., Potatoes, etc., $65. The 
 other assets are : Cash in Bank, $90. ; Cash on hand, $125. ; 
 Note of John Paywell with interest, $306.25 ; Note of Amos 
 White, $240.; Balance due from Nash & Coit, $17.23, and 
 Wm. Ware, $3.50. The liabilities are: Balance due Brown 
 & Hill, $74.04; Stone & Hall, $22.75; L. B. Wright, $35-97j 
 Edwin Stone, $6.70; James Willis, $15.; Jacob Smith, $28.40; 
 Samuel Jones, $25.60; Lyman Snow, $13.50; Note to James 
 Willis, $300. The capital at closing is $5754.02. Find the 
 profit on the last page of the blank book. The profit is 
 $414.52. (31.) 
 
 On detached paper write the statement of the above like 
 form on page 24. 
 
 This completes Part First, and Blank Book No. 1. The 
 double pages are used when the accounts contain nearly an 
 equal number of debit and credit entries ; but for accounts 
 where entries are nearly all on one side, the Single Page, as 
 used in Part Second, and Blank Book No. 2, is better. 
 
 Both can be used in one business, as a retail grocer, would 
 keep an account with a farmer by the double page plan, and 
 with a city customer by the single page plan. 
 
 
PART SECOND 
 
 (6 3 ) 
 
PART SECOND. 
 
 Letter 8 and Business Papers. 
 Blank Book No. 2. 
 
 Social letters, write them in good form. There is a place 
 for the heading, the salutation, the subscription, the signa- 
 ture, and the address, if one is out of place, we see it at a 
 glance. 
 
 Write what will interest your correspondent, not yourself. 
 Make your letters worth reading, many are not. Express 
 your thoughts in the best language that you are capable of 
 using, practice will help you in this. When you begin a sub- 
 ject, finish it, and then begin a new subject with a new para- 
 graph. Punctuate properly, business men may slight it, you 
 must not. Spell correctly, it is almost a sin not to. Write 
 plainly, it is an insult to your friend, not to do it. 
 
 Business letters; nearly all of the above applies to them 
 also. The address is written at the top. The salutation is 
 more formal. They should be brief and to the point. Make 
 your meaning plain. Enclose a stamp when you ask a favor 
 and expect a reply. Answer business letters, immediately. 
 
 Page your blank book (5) and copy the six following let- 
 ters, then write nine (one page) letters, use your P. O. ad- 
 dress, and sign your own name 
 
 (65) 
 
66 BOOK-KEEPING PART SECOND. 
 
 CMy deal Q?Zl. OnMtwnd,.' 
 
 C^t2&'W> me, &$ 
 
 c-p i&ri'tsOri Ae td> tz> memvel. &$l£ CjMi. 
 
 ^W, Cy £cz<Se £Ae /i-aeify £& ec-m-mend 
 
 
 
LETTERS AND BUSINESS PAPERS. 67 
 
 A^Jeml Gfci: — o4^- leAcy- fa 
 
 dt&W w-€> die de>ndt<'n<€Z> <y,o€t, totzciit> ■v>ty Of. 
 
 
 e> t&ie <mt<t€>ri As^ecZsded fa &/ie>'n> t&n, 
 
 ezccotm 
 
 £ W-i>£A> 14>0>£4>, €&*l€& footd-^ 14 Hit, 
 
 
 C/t^^ufal (r GmLcAoultM,. 
 
68 BOOK-KEEPING PART SECOND. 
 
 Omedd>id>. ofcevettd ft sVc-.^ 
 
 
 &9tuCewt4tt> ; — [ y/e tzle tn 
 
 uttf., tZ'tttd riczve tauLc- ieeetved £rie 4-611™= 
 
 jfo-l o-wi A-led-ent d>tz€ed>, w-e> wiitdc cie= 
 &id>C -Ao-rie- Co do- do- i-n £Ae ?-te€Z-l jftttu-ie. 
 
 yVAcz-^-c^/el ft' &o>. 
 
LETTERS AND BUSINESS PAPERS. 69 
 
 m c^od iftcZ'U&'l &f $7'&* &0. \/fe tale v-ely 
 ttitze>ril'C'if 'i&€Z{4,ed'£ £/tcit- tyc<t4> t^i-v-e ctie 
 
JO BOOK-KEEPING PART SECOND. 
 
 
 ^ze^t (2/. S2&czlit<d> 
 
 &V"C£t2,e J 
 
LETTERS AND BUSINESS PAPERS. Jl 
 
 CMeddid. C2fonttrt> (P X2$tz>iitd>. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S2*/o/im€?< ^Ae €&e€& 
 
 <czi^ wisCi, wats m= 
 
 
J2 BOOK-KEEPING PART SECOND. 
 
 Answer this advertisement, on page 7, stating qualifica- 
 tions, etc. 
 
 Wanted — Boy 14 to 16 years of age to work in retail grocery; must 
 be honest, intelligent, and not afraid of work. Address in hand- 
 writing of applicant, giving references, and stating salary expected. 
 
 GROCER, care Times Office. 
 
 Los Angeles, Oct. 4, 19 — . 
 
 On page 8, write a letter to Prof. Harr Wagner, 723 Mar- 
 ket St., San Francisco, Cal., enclosing $1.50 for one year's 
 subscription for "Western Journal of Education." 
 Dear Sir: — Enclosed please find, etc. 
 
 On 9th page one to Messrs. Harper and Brothers, Franklin 
 Square, New York City, enclosing draft on Manhattan Bank 
 for $54.82 to pay a bill of books which you are supposed to 
 have bought of them. 
 
 Page 10. Write a letter introducing some friend, who is 
 going to Chicago to look for a situation in £\e mercantile 
 business, to J. P. Gates & Co., 84 Lake St. Mention some 
 of his good qualities, character, habits, ability, education, 
 industry, intelligence, ambition, etc. 
 
 Gentlemen: — Allow me to introduce my friend who 
 
 visits your city to — 
 
 Page 11. Aug. 31. Your account for the month of June 
 amounting to $27.82 as per bill rendered, is now long over- 
 due. We would like to have you remit immediately, or at 
 least enlighten us as to the cause of this long delay. 
 
 Written by William Rush to John Slow. 
 
 Put it in letter form, supply locations. 
 
LETTERS AND BUSINESS PAPERS. 73 
 
 Write a letter to some friend naming state, city, street and 
 number, inviting him or her to spend one week of his or her 
 next vacation with you at your home, outlining plan of 
 amusements, &c. (On page 12.) 
 
 Write Ketchem and Cheatem of the Overcharge House, re- 
 fusing to pay for some article, which was not as they repre- 
 sented, and was billed at a higher price than that stated by 
 them, and that you have returned it by express. (Page 13.) 
 Supply what is needed. 
 
 William Howard, of 482 Market St., Albany, N. Y., on 
 Apr. 1st, 1903, writes a letter to Colton & Hyde, 38 Tremont 
 St., Boston, ordering eight pieces of furniture, which you 
 will name, giving the catalogue number (without price), to be 
 sent via Boston & Albany R. R. (Page 14.) 
 
 Write a letter, to Jones' Book Store, 226 W. First St., Los 
 Angeles, Cal., ordering ten books, which you will name, to be 
 forwarded by express to you. (Dear Sir — Please send me 
 by express, '. O. D., &c.) (Page 15.) 
 
 On pages 16 and 17, draw the outlines of two envelopes 2^4 
 in. by 5 in., stamp V4. by 1 inch, on each page, with a space of 
 about one inch between them, and direct them with the 
 addresses of the letters on pages 1, 2, 14 and your own. 
 Draw the lines with black ink. 
 
 BUSINESS PAPERS. 
 
 Copy the following five pages, on five pages of your blank 
 book. Leave two spaces and draw a red line between each. 
 Read (33), (34), etc. These forms should be learned and 
 remembered. 
 
64 
 lOO 
 
 74 BOOK-KEEPING PART SECOND. 
 
 Receipt in part payment. 
 
 <y&ececvea c/ ^Mt. JJ a/am Crcc//, /utcn/u ./tve-^ 
 
 aeaalA, on account. 
 
 J;amed Benton . 
 
 Heceipt in full (41 d.) 
 
 cece/vtot o/ t^ni. fflaitci woefi. eta ween mri etc/ 
 
 100 
 
 /au, in /a// c/ au aemanaa /o aate. 
 
 J ?cnizi )t'e/inacn 
 
 Order for Mdse. 
 $/tr.W. & jMrn*. Wt., fane /, /f. 
 
 t. T/,ecige tScu<e//: 
 
 T 
 
 we cte/ivet to t-S&au <_7niim tnaae. Jo //e am/, e/ 
 /en ao//aU, ana c/iatae /o me acct. c/ 
 
 v/at/t r_s/u//et. 
 
LETTERS AND BUSINESS PAPERS. 75 
 
 Demand Note, (33.) (41.) 
 
 *j? f ct vauee iecet'vea, <Jr Atomize Jo /iau C/amae/ \jg0out _ 
 /ana, one nanatea ana twenty -/out 1(JO ao/taU, on aemana, 
 €Oi'm JnJeiedJ at dice 4ei cent. 
 
 amed // afface 
 
 Time Note. (34.) 
 0J/S.JJ. j¥L <gast/e, ®£eA, U&f. /, /f- 
 
 C/i'cvJis, aat/4 a/Jet otaJe, /ot va/ae teceJvea, <_/ fit 
 Jo /vati 'conn y. y la nam, ot oiaet, Jmee^ /lundtea ana 
 
 itotntdt 
 
 wnJu - /Jve ioo dof/atd , 
 
 tttte /z tfuama 
 
?6 BOOK-KEEPING — PART SECOND. 
 
 Note to be discounted at bank. (35.) 
 
 <Jn€t/u aaua a/fei aafe, 4oi vaate ieceivea, tjr /tlomi'ae 
 & Aau to me ciaet cf ffli/6'atn <y. ~l)au, mtee Aattaiea 
 acuata, at ^/fton^ciai't <yva6'cna/ <&)ann. 
 
 <¥/e/tfi€n £$. ^Mcue, fti. 
 
 Joint, time note. (36.) 
 
 tffffa.W. S&nta J&ta, ffirf., J&6 /, /f . 
 
 tStx; mcnmd a/eei aafe, /ot va/ae ieceivea, tee fcinfcu 
 ana devetalCu fttctnide fo /tau xg&eniu w. <y7(€/ic{d, five 
 
 nanatea ana dt<z/u -foal ao/lalA, <u/tm intfeiett a/ o Aet cent. 
 
 <J/atnaet <yaanaeU. 
 Jfanied fflceawala. 
 
LETTERS AND BUSINESS PAPERS. JJ 
 
 Due Bill. (45.) 
 
 {20. 9Hed/and*, 9)€i/., @t£ /, S9 
 
 z^yue Jp. <s. cra/ei, fwenfu dot/an /iauav/e in 
 mate, at cut* iiwe. 
 
 Bank Check. (46.) 
 
 No. 126. 9Ltiam/*,%i/., fan. /, /9 ,. 
 
 THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK 
 
 OF REDLANDS. 
 
 Pay to vAar/e* Sd. MAiJe or order 
 
 U/ne nundred and tweniii 
 
 .DOLLARS. 
 
 amei perome 
 
yS BOOK-KEEPING PART SECOND. 
 
 Sight Draft. (47.) 
 {80. So* Sdnpe/e*, ^a/., S^r. /, /9 
 
 S&t 4iant, /iau C/Ca// zP /snite or ort/er, eiantu 
 dc/tari, va/ue received, tint/ cnarae to tne account oz 
 
 ^Jo ^ZCenru ^. xo/ard, 
 
 C/an ^franciico, v5a/. 
 
 are ti /ttteon 
 
 Time Draft. (48.) (41 e.) 
 f//6. 85. So* Sdnye/e*, ^a/., @ct. /, </9- 
 
 *Jen day* after want, /iau to me order- cJ 
 
 v5iuzent ^Avann, one nundred ana sixteen -j^do/mr*, 
 
 <va/ue received, and cnarae to tne account ot 
 
 ^/taro/d Mare. 
 ^Jo bfmim, ^tarri* & wo., 
 
 (yon/ana, (Da/. 
 
letters and business papers. 79 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Write three receipts on each page. Supply names, date, 
 amt., &c, if they are not given. Consult the printed forms. 
 3 pages. 
 
 Henry A. Johnson, of Rialto, Cal., receives, Mar. 3, 19 — , 
 of Arthur A. Smith, $25.42, on acct. 
 
 Robert Jenkins pays Stone & Hall, of Jersey City, N. J., 
 $48.64 to balance his acct. to date, July 1, 19 — . 
 
 George Stone pays, July 1, 19 — , to Isaac Morgan, for rent 
 of house one month, $25. 
 
 Write a receipt for cash reed, on account ; for cash reed, for 
 labor ; for cash reed, to bal. an acct. ; for rent of a house ; for 
 part payment of a note ; for cash received for one month's 
 salary. 
 
 Orders. 
 
 Write three on each page of blank book. 
 
 Charles Miller, of St. Albans, Vt., gives an order to Ray 
 Smith, on Geo. Powell, for 1 bbl. flour, Mar. 4, 19 — . 
 
 July 8, 19 — . Stone & Hall receive an order, from Henry 
 Jacobs to William Brown, for $10. in groceries. Hartford, Ct. 
 
 An order from Levi Long, to Hugh West, on Hiram Smith, 
 for cash $10. Anaheim, Calif., Oct. 4, 19 — . 
 
 March 14, 19 — . John Poorpay, of Glassboro, N. J., gives 
 an order on the Whiting Glass Co., to Stone & Hall, for $20. 
 payable Apr. 1st. 
 
 Write the order that the farmer (using some name) gave to 
 Jacob Smith, on H. M. White, Jan. 26th. Set I. 
 
 Also the order that William W r ebster gave to Jacob Smith 
 on the farmer. Apr. 2, 1903. Set I. (Supply name.) 2 pages. 
 
80 book-keeping part second. 
 
 Notes, Etc. 
 
 Write the following notes in proper form ; two on each 
 page. Consult the forms given. 5 pages. 
 
 Samuel Scott, of Worcester, Mass., owes John Stewart, 
 $125.42, for which he has given his note July 1, 19 — , payable 
 on demand, with interest at six per cent. 
 
 William Wilder, of Bethlehem, N. H., has given his note, 
 payable in sixty days to James Kidder, for $135.84, dated 
 June 16, 19 — , without interest. 
 
 Harvey Brown, of Albany, N. Y., wishing to borrow money 
 from the Second National Bank, writes a note for $500., gets 
 Samuel Trusty to indorse it, and presents it July 18, 19 — , 
 time thirty days. 
 
 The Montclair National Bank of Montclair has loaned 
 $150. to Robert Felson, on a note indorsed by James Pay well, 
 June 8th, 19 — , payable in sixty days. 
 
 Lewis Clark and Hiram Day have this day promised John 
 Wheeler, to pay him $500. in one year, with interest at five 
 per cent. ; at Westfield, Mass. 
 
 Write a note in which you promise to pay to the order of 
 some one, a certain amount of money in sixty days, with in- 
 terest at ten per cent. 
 
 Write a due bill payable in groceries ; another payable in 
 cash; also a bank check, all on one page. 
 
 Write a sight draft ; also a time draft. Across the face of 
 the last write "Accepted," a date a day or two after the date 
 of the draft, and the name of the party on whom it is drawn. 
 The three lines in red ink. 
 
LETTERS AND BUSINESS PAPERS. 
 
 81 
 
 Bills. 
 On the first page of your blank book containing money 
 columns, page 33, copy the first bill, John Smith's ; on the 
 next page, copy the next two ; then write the others, two on 
 each page of blank book. 8 pages. 
 
 Mr. John Smith, 
 
 Bill of Goods Bought. 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal, May 19, 1903. 
 
 Bot. of Warren & Wood. 
 
 1903. 
 Apr. 
 
 4 
 16 
 
 2 Tea Sets @ $20. 
 
 3 Ice Pitchers @ $7. 
 
 3 Cake Plates @ $2. 
 
 4 Berry Dishes @ $3 . 
 
 2 Spoon Holders @ $2. 
 
 3 Card Receivers @ $1. 
 
 y z doz. Fruit Knives @ $2. 
 
 40 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 12 
 4 
 3 
 1 
 
 
 67 
 20 
 
 
 11 
 
 21 
 24 
 
 30 
 
 1 Tilting Ice Pitcher 
 
 2 Vases @ $2. 
 
 3 Butter Dishes @ $2. 
 
 1 Pickle Dish 
 
 4 doz. Table Knives @ $3. 
 
 2 " Nut Picks @ $1.50 
 
 4 
 6 
 2 
 12 
 3 
 
 
 15 
 10 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 5 Cups @ $1. 
 
 5 
 
 
 22 
 $134 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 Received Payment, 
 
 Warr 
 
 EN & 
 
 Wo< 
 
 3D. 
 
 
82 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING PART SECOND. 
 
 Bill for Salary, 
 
 Brattleboro, Vt., Jan. 14th, 1903. 
 
 Mr. Henry Stone, 
 
 
 
 
 To James Dixon, 
 
 Dr. 
 
 1903. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jan. 
 
 1 
 
 To 1 month's salary 
 Cr. 
 
 
 
 
 $75 
 
 Jan. 
 
 6 
 
 By cash 
 
 Balance due 
 
 
 
 50 
 $25 
 
 Bill for Labor. 
 
 Winona, N. /., July 14, 1903. 
 
 Mr. James Williams, 
 
 To John Holt, Dr. 
 
 1903. 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 To 4 days' work @ $2. 
 .1 3 .« ,. .» .. 
 
 Cr. 
 By 1 bbl. Flour 
 '« 15 lbs. Sugar 
 
 Received Payment, 
 
 $8 
 
 00 
 
 
 6 
 
 00 
 
 $14 
 
 6 
 
 25 
 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 7 
 $6 
 
 00 
 
 John Holt. 
 
LETTERS AND BUSINESS PAPERS. 83 
 
 Make out bills for the following transactions, and receipt 
 them. 
 
 June 1, 19 — . Henry E. Black bought of George Thomp- 
 son, of Boston, 10 lbs. Java coffee @ 25^, 2 lbs. Y. H. tea @ 
 75^, 40 lbs. C. sugar @ 6^^, 10 gals, molasses @ 60^. 
 
 July 1, 19 — . Taylor & Farley, of Worcester, sold to C. A. 
 White, 1 cabinet organ for $150.00; he paid cash, $100.00 
 July 1, and the balance Aug. 1. Receipted by Smith, book- 
 keeper. 
 
 James Long, of Deerfield, N. J., has sold to J. D. Smith, 2 
 tons of hay at $16., 1 ton wheat straw, $8.00; and has bought 
 of him 1 sleigh for $35., and received the balance in cash, Jan. 
 
 4, 19—. 
 
 July 31, 19 — . William Nichols has worked one month, for 
 
 Hall & White, at Windsor, Conn., for $75. 
 
 July 1, ig — . Samuel Palmer has worked 3 months for 
 William Turner at $50. He received May 2nd an order on E. 
 L. Wait for $25., June 10th, cash $100. and the balance July 1. 
 Deerfield, N. J. Receipt it yourself for Samuel Palmer. 
 
 Apr. 1, 19 — . Charles Miller is indebted to James Holt for 
 I quarter's tuition, $8., books, $3., stationery, $1.50, at Dare- 
 town, Penn. 
 
 Write a bill of a piano and guitar ; 4 articles bought of a dry 
 goods merchant ; 14 bought at a book store. Receipt the last 
 which will require one page. Make out a bill of Jacob Wolf- 
 son's account, which is on the next page of this book. Write 
 all the debtor items first, then the credits. See the third bill 
 for form. 
 
8 4 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING PART SECOND. 
 
 Single Ledger* Single Page. 
 Blank Book No. 2. 
 
 EXAMPLE X. 
 
 ' A grocer's account with Jacob Wolfson, tailor ; to be copied 
 on page 41. (38.) 
 
 Jacob Wolfson. Dr. Cr. 
 
 19—. 
 Mar. 
 
 1 
 
 To 1 bbl. Pat. Minn. Flour 
 " 1 " St. Louis 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 65 
 75 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 
 " 15)4 lbs. Gran. Sugar 
 "16 44 C. 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 
 
 u 
 
 13 
 
 By 1 Business Suit 
 
 
 
 20 
 
 00 
 
 " 
 
 16 
 
 To 10 lbs. Prunes @ 60 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 « 
 
 19 
 
 " 5 gals. Molasses @ 600 
 M 2 lbs. Tea @ 600 
 " 1 lb. 0. G. Coffee 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 00 
 
 20 
 25 
 
 
 
 << 
 
 22 
 
 By 1 Dress ('oat 
 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 ti 
 
 25 
 
 To 5 lbs. Butter @ 250 
 " 10 " Lard @ 80 
 
 1 
 
 25 
 80 
 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 44 22 bars Welcome Soap 
 •' 12 lbs. M. Biscuit 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 29 
 
 44 6 qts. W. Beans @ 60 
 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 •t 
 
 30 
 
 By 1 Boy's Suit 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 50 
 
 44 
 
 31 
 
 To Cash to balance 
 
 24 
 
 64 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 46 
 
 50 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. SINGLE PAGE. 
 
 
 SET IV. 
 
 
 
 Cone & White 
 
 
 
 
 Jan. I, 
 
 , 19—. 
 
 Resources. 
 
 
 
 Real Estate, State St., - 
 
 $5000. 
 
 
 Mdse. per inventory, 
 
 4560. 
 
 
 Citizens Bank, - 
 
 440.30 
 
 
 Cash on hand, - 
 
 45.20 
 
 
 Note of James Johnson, 
 
 85.60 
 
 
 John Fields, bal. due, 
 
 62.30 
 
 
 William Cook, " 
 
 2445 
 
 
 Charles Allyn, " " - 
 
 32.65 
 
 
 Martin Wilson, " " 
 
 18.45 
 
 $10268.95 
 
 Liabilities. 
 
 
 
 Henry Bowers, bal. due, 
 
 $ 20.95 
 
 
 Note to Jones & Cook, - 
 
 125.00 
 
 145.95 
 
 8S 
 
 Net Capital, - $10123.00 
 
 Copy the above on page 42, and open an account with 
 Citizens Bank on page 43,. see (49), the Cash Acct. next (38), 
 then John Fields', and the four following accounts. Each 
 account will require one single page. Read (49.) 
 
 Jan. 1. Paid J. L. Lathrop & Son for insurance, by check on 
 Citizens Bank, $80. (32.) Paid cash for one single ledger $5. Paid 
 for advertising $25. Sold John Fields, on acct. 8, 10 lb, pkgs. F. tea, 
 80 lbs. @ $1. per lb., 2 mats O. G Java coffee, 120 lbs. @ 300, 1 bale 
 A. M. coffee, 160 lbs. @ 250, 1 sack C. R. coffee, 150 lbs. @ 180. Sold 
 Charles Allyn, 10 doz. Baker's cocoa @ $5., 2 pkgs. 48 lbs. M. choco- 
 late @ 50^, 24 Rex ext. of beef @ 250. 2nd. William Cook has 
 bought on acct. 10 doz. Cal. fruit syrups @ $2.50, 5 doz. S. lime juice 
 @ $4., 50 lbs. b. pepper @ 200, 10 lbs Cayenne pepper @ 400, 5 lbs. J. 
 ginger @ 350. Henry Bowers has bought 10 lbs. C. mustard @ 250, 
 1 sack rock salt, 750, 50, 5 lb. bags, T. salt, each 12^0, 1 doz. C. 
 baking powder, $5.25. Charge to Martin Wilson, 3 doz W. sauce @ 
 $3.25, 2 doz. c. sauce @ $3.75, 4 doz. t. catsup @ $3.25, 2 doz. mix. 
 pickles @ $4., 1 doz. chow chow, $4., 5 gals, vinegar @ 650. 3rd. 
 Charge to John Fields 10 gals. Cal. olives @ 800, 1 doz. canned 
 
86 BOOK-KEEPING PART SECOND. 
 
 turkey, $5.75, 2 doz. cooked ham, $4., 4 doz. dev. ham @ $1.65. 4th. 
 Debit Henry Bowers, 1 doz. F. bouillon, $4., 1 doz. mock turtle, $4., 
 1 doz. terrapin, $8.50, 2y 2 doz. beef @ $4. 5th. Debit William Cook, 
 4 doz. sardines @ $5., 2 doz. anchovies, $8., 1 case B. P. oysters, $5.60, 
 60 lbs. cod-fish @ 100. 6th. Sold to Martin Wilson, 10 lbs. mackerel 
 @ 90, 100 lbs. gran, sugar @ 60, 40 lbs. pow. sugar @ 80. Rec'd. for 
 cash sales this week, $342.65. Deposited in Citizens Bank, $300. (27.) 
 8th. Paid Joseph Ray by check on Citizens Bank, $250., for a horse 
 and dray. (32.) 9th. Sold Charles Allyn, 100 lbs. ex. c. sugar @ 40, 
 24 lbs. maple sugar @ 12^0. 10th. Sold John Fields, 1 doz. qt. cans 
 m. syrup, $4.50, 10 gals, sugar syrup @ 500. 11th. William Cook is 
 debtor for 30 lbs. soda crackers @ 60, 15 lbs. honeycakes at 140, 
 bought to-day. 12th. Charles Allyn has bought on acct. 30 lbs. 
 pilot bread @ 50, 15 lbs. pretzels @ 100. 13th. Received for cash 
 sales this week, $212.75. 15th. Paid Norton & Converse for bill of 
 mdse. bought this day, by check on Citizens Bank, $200. (32.), and 
 cash, $152.35. (18.) 16th. Sold John Fields 20 lbs. c. c. butter @ 
 320, 1 case, 30 doz. eggs @ 12 %0. 17th. Sold William Cook 5 lbs. 
 Roquefort cheese @ 500. 18th. Charles Allyn, Dr., 40 lbs. Rex. 
 ham @ 140. 20th. Sold Martin Wilson, 5 bbls. W. R. flour @ $5., 
 10 sacks crown flour @ $1. Reed, for cash sales, $306.40. Deposited 
 in bank, $300. (27.) 22nd. Sold Henry Bowers, 50 lbs. graham 
 flour, $1., 20 pkgs. germea @ 20c, 24 pkgs. quaker oats @ 12%0. 23rd. 
 Sold Martin Wilson, 100 lbs. Car. rice @ 8%0. 24th. Charles Allyn. 
 has bought of Cone & White, 4 boxes Cal. macaroni @ 600, 3 boxes 
 vermicelli @ 600, 2 boxes spaghetti @ 600. 25th. William Cook 
 buys 24 lbs. Shepp's cocoanut, $8.00, 1 doz. Mellin's food, $6.75. 26th. 
 John Fields, debtor, to 1 case canned peaches, $3.50, 1 case canned 
 plums, $2.80, 1 case canned apricots, $3.30. 27th. Sold Henry 
 Bowers, 1 case canned asparagus, $5.00, 1 case canned celery, $4.50, 1 
 case canned corn, $3.00. Reed, for cash sales, $241.55. Deposited 
 in Citizens Bank, $500. 29th. Paid a sight draft of Norton and 
 Converse, by check on Citizens Bank for bill of mdse. shipped to- 
 day amounting to $384.35. (32.) Charles Allyn has paid $100 on 
 acct. (11.) Martin Wilson buys on acct., 5 boxes, 125 lbs. raisins @ 
 50, 60 lbs. almonds @ 120, and pays $75. on his account. 30th. 
 Sold Charles Allyn, 2 doz. Col. f. soap, $7.50, 7 bars castile soap @ 
 500. 31st. Paid note to Jones & Cook in cash, $125. (17.) Sold 
 Henry Bowers, 2 doz. H. J. brooms @ $2.75. Bought of Charles 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. SINGLE PAGE. 87 
 
 Allyn, one building lot, for which we are to pay mdse. as ordered, 
 $300, (C. A., Cr.) William Cook has paid his account in cash, $145.95. 
 John Fields has given his note at 30 days to balance his account, 
 $298.90. (19.) Received for cash sales, $116.20. Paid note of James 
 Johnson, by check on Citizens Bank, $85.60. 
 
 This finishes the business for the month of January; we 
 will close the set, as if it were Dec. 31, and the business had 
 been conducted one year instead of one month. Balance all 
 the accounts in the set. Take an inventory of all property in 
 the business, and make a Statement on page 50, in the same 
 form as that on page 24 of text book. 
 
 The resources are Real Estate, State St., valued at $5100. 
 Mdse. per inventory Jan. 31, $3838.75. Cash on deposit in 
 Citizens Bank $540.35. Cash on hand $178.35. Balances 
 due from Martin Wilson and Henry Bowers. Horse and 
 Dray $250. Real Estate, Elm St., $300. Note of John Fields 
 $298.90. Amount of resources or assets $10608.65. The 
 liability is a balance of $255.35 due Charles Allyn. The 
 Present Worth or Net Capital at closing is $10353.30, and 
 the Profit is $230.30. 
 
 SET V. 
 
 Smith & Harris. 
 
 William Smith and James Harris purchase the stock and 
 good will of the retail grocery store, No. 84 Market St., and 
 take possession July 1, 19 — , with the following assets: 
 
 Cash in Merchants Bank, - $1900 
 
 " " Safe, - - -• - - - 100 
 
 Merchandise, per inventory, - 3000 
 
 Net Capital, - $5000 
 
 Copy the above eight lines on page 51, then open an ac- 
 count with Merchants Bank page 52. (38.) (2y.), and a cash 
 acct. page 53 ; the cash on hand is the money in the safe ; we 
 will suppose that a record of all cash sales is made during the 
 
88 BOOK-KEEPING PART SECOND. 
 
 day, in a "petty cash book," and the amount transferred at 
 the close of the day to the cash acct. (38.) 
 
 This cash acct. should be balanced daily, but to save space 
 and time we will balance it weekly. (23.) 
 
 They buy for cash, and sell on thirty days' credit. 
 
 July 1. (Thursday.) Paid for account books, $12.50. Sold 
 John Hill 4 lbs. asparagus @ 12y 2 $, y 2 pk. S. beans, 150, 15 lbs. sugar, 
 $1.00, 1 bunch radishes, 80, 1 pk. pease, 500. Sold Henry Stone 1 
 bbl. flour, $5.75, 10 lbs. rice @ 80. Sold John Hall 10 gals, molasses 
 @ 650, 5 gals. k. oil at 150. Paid for vegetables, $8.50. Rec'd. for 
 cash sales this day, $90.40. (17.) 2nd. Sold James Stone 1 can c. 
 beef, 300, 1 bunch celery, 200, 20 bars W. soap, $1. Sold John Hill 
 1 bbl. Wash, flour, $5.75, 16 lbs. sugar, $1. Sold Harry Willes y 2 bu. 
 apples @ $1, 1 doz. oranges, 400. Cash sales this day, $84.60. 3rd. 
 Sold Seth Hull 2 doz. tomato plants @ 250, 4 doz. cabbage plants @ 
 150. Paid for vegetables, $12.50. Sold Ralph Smith y 2 bu. pease @ 
 $2., 1 box salt, 200, 3 doz. eggs at 16^0. Paid for stamps, $1. For 
 printing bill heads, $5. Deposited in Merchants Bank, $250.00. (27.) 
 Rec'd. for sales this day, $80.90. (23.) 5th. Bought of Bronson & 
 Co. mdse. per bill to amt. of $1082.65, and paid by check on Mer- 
 chants Bank (32.); also gave check for bill of sundries, $87.80 to S. 
 Hall. (32.) Paid cash for sundries, $25.60. (18.) Paid expenses to 
 New York, $6.20. Sold Edwin Coit 3 11-16 lbs. cheese @ 160, 1 bottle 
 ketchup, 300, 2 lbs. raisins @ 200. Sold Philip Young iy 2 doz. lemons 
 @ 300, 2 lbs. raisins @ 200, 1 lb. Java coffee, 280, y 2 lb. tea @ 800, 1 
 box cinnamon, 120, 1 box cloves, 100. Reed, for sales this day, $110.40. 
 6th. Sold Henry Stone 2 boxes berries @ 300, y 2 lb. citron @ 400, % 
 lb. nutmegs, 250. Paid for strawberries, $8.50. (22.) Sold Jacob 
 Cook 1 pa. cocoa shells, 250, 4 bottles essences @ 200, 1 pa. chocolate, 
 250, 1 pkg. d. cocoanut, 500. Sold John Hall y 2 pk. onions, 250, 2 
 bunches beets @ 100, 2 hds. lettuce @ 80, 4 squashes, 260, 3 cucumbers, 
 150, 1 broom, 300, 2 pails @ 250. Deposited in Merchants Bank, $100. 
 (27.) Paid for vegetables, $4. Cash sales this day, $98.50. 7th. 
 Sold Jacob Cook 8 pa. Washing Remedy, $1., 2 lbs. pearl barley @ 
 100, 10 lbs. oat meal @ 80. Sold Philip Young, 2 pa. c. starch @ 150, 
 1 pa. c. tartar, 120. Paid for insurance, $25.50. Paid for sign, $12.50. 
 Reed, for sales this day, $64.20. 8th. Paid James Clark for mdse. 
 by check on M. Bank, $148.50. (32.) Paid cash for freight, $2.50., 
 
SINGLE LEDGER. SINGLE PAGE. 89 
 
 cartage, $1. Sold Philip Young 1 bbl. St. Louis flour, $5., 2 boxes 
 berries @ 20**, 3 bunches radishes @ 100. Sold Edwin Coit 2 lbs. 
 currants @ 180, %■ lb. pepper @ 180. Sold Ralph Smith 2 boxes 
 cloves @ 120, 6 lbs. starch, 500, 1 pkg. matches, 250, 10 lbs. cod-fish @ 
 60. Paid for expressage, 750. Reed, for sales this day, $74.50. 9th. 
 Sold Seth Hull 1 can tongue, 400, 1 jar pickles, 500. Sold Harry 
 Willes 1 lb. ginger, 150, 1 lb. J. coffee, 280, 15 lbs. sugar, $1. Paid 
 for eggs, $1.80. Deposited in Merchants Bank, $200. Reed, for sales 
 this day, $81.20. 10th. Sold John Hill, 14 lbs. crackers @ 80, 10 lbs. 
 bacon @ 9^.0, 12 lbs. lard @ 100, 4% lbs. pork @ 100. Sold James 
 Stone 16 lbs. sugar, $1., 3 boxes berries at 16^0, 3 lbs. milk biscuits, 
 250, 1 lb. mix. tea, 750, 1 wash tub, 750. Deposited in bank, $100. 
 Paid for mdse., $4.25. Received for sales this day, $101.42. (23.) (22.) 
 12th. Sold Seth Hull % bbl. St. Louis flour, $2.75, 2 gals, molasses 
 @ 700, 3 lbs. butter at 250, 3 7-16 lbs. cheese @ 160, 6 lbs. prunes @ 
 50. Sold Edwin Coit 1 pkg. cocoanut, 500, 1 can b. powder, 500, 1 gal. 
 molasses, 700, 16 lbs. sugar, $1. Reed, for sales, $62.40. 13th. 
 Bought for cash, mdse. amounting to $18.60. Sold Jacob Cook 1 bbl. 
 W. flour, $5.75. Rec'd. for sales, $69.42. 14th. Henry Stone has 
 bought 5 doz. clothes pins @ 80, 1 wash board, 200, 2 tubs at 750. 
 Sold Harry Willes 5 gals, molasses @ 700, 1 box starch, 500, y 2 lb. 
 tea @ 800, 4 lbs. raisins @ 200, 2 lbs. butter @ 250. Cash sales 
 this day, $70.30. 15th. Deposited cash, $250. Paid sight draft of 
 Bronson & Co. on me, for $850., by check on M. Bank. (32.) Paid 
 freight and cartage in cash, $3.42. Reed, for cash sales, $50.64. 16th. 
 Sold John Hill 10 lbs. rice @ 80, 2 cans c. beef @ 250, 8 lbs. prunes @ 
 50, 1 doz. oranges, 400, 3 doz. eggs, 500. Reed, for cash sales, $62.20. 
 17th. Gave a check to Hiram Allen for garden vegetables, $50. (32.) 
 Deposited cash, $100. Cash sales, $61.80. (23.) 19th. Sold John 
 Hall 4% lbs. mackerel @ 100, 1 bottle bluing, 150, 2 doz. eggs @ 170, 
 2 hds. cabbage @ 100, 4 lbs. w. soda @ 50. Reed, for sales, $42.81. 
 20th. Sold Jacob Cook 1 lb. citron, 400, 2 lbs. d. currants @ 180, 1 
 jar pickles, 500, 5 gal. k. oil @ 150, y 2 lb. tea @ 800, 2 lbs. coffee 
 <g> 250. Cash sales, $67.84. 21st. Sold Philip Young 1 pk. potatoes, 
 500, y 2 bu. pease @ $1, 4 squashes, 200, 1 pk. turnips, 200, 16 lbs. sugar, 
 $1. Sold Edwin Coit, 1 bbl. M. flour, $5.75, 5 lbs. rice @ 80, 1 lb. m. 
 cakes, 120, 1 pa. cocoa shells, 250. Reed, for sales, $62.21. (22.) 22nd. 
 Sold Ralph Smith 1 bag flour, 750, 20 bars soap, $1., 4 lbs. cheese @ 
 160, 1 nest boxes, 650, 6 lbs. prunes @ 50, 2 doz. eggs @ 180, 8 lbs. 
 sugar, 500, 1 gal. molasses, 700. Cash sales, $56.42. 23rd. Sold 
 Seth Hull 5 gals, kerosene @ 150, 12 lbs. milk biscuits, $1., 4 lbs. 
 
90 BOOK-KEEPING PART SECOND. 
 
 raisins @ 20^, 16 lbs. sugar, $1., 6 lbs. gran, sugar, 500. Sold James 
 Stone 1 bbl. H. flour, $5.50, 2 cans c. beef @ 300, V 2 bu. n. potatoes, 
 800, 4 gals, molasses @ 650, 1 box starch, 500, 1 bottle bluing, 150, 1 
 yeast cake, 20. Cash sales, $75.81. 24th. Deposited cash, $300. 
 Sold Henry Stone, 2 doz. eggs, @ 170, 1 doz. bananas, 350, 1 box figs, 
 250, 10 lbs. meal @ 20. Cash sales, $93.10. (23.) 26th. Harry 
 Willes has bought 1 bbl. St. Louis flour, $5.50, 1 doz. bananas, 350, 2 
 brooms @ 250, 1 brush broom, 150. Sold Henry Stone, 1 box figs, 250, 
 iy 2 doz. lemons @ 400, V 2 lb. tea @ 800, 2 gals, molasses @ 750. Cash 
 sales this day, $61.11. 27th. Sold Edwin Coit 1 bbl. M. flour, $5., 6 
 lbs. pow. sugar, 500, 4 doz. eggs @ 170. Paid Bronson & Co., for mdse. 
 by check on M. Bank, $564.82. (32.) Reed, for cash sales, $72.14. 
 28th. Sold Seth Hull 5 lbs. rice @ 80. Paid cash for sundries per 
 bill, $208.75. Cash sales, $81.15. 29th. -Sold Jacob Cook, 20 bars 
 soap, $1., 16 lbs. sugar, $1. Cash sales this day, $84.80. 30th. Sold 
 Ralph Smith, 1 bbl. St. Louis flour, $5,50. Sold Harry Willes 10 lbs. 
 rice @ 80, 5 lbs. cheese @ 140. Sold John Hall 1 bbl. P. flour, $5.75, 
 16 lbs. ham @ 12%c. Reed, for cash sales, $68.40. 31st. Sold 
 James Stone 2 doz. bananas @ 350. Deposited in bank, $300. (27.) 
 Gave a check for 1 month's rent. $50. (32.) Reed, of John Hill, 
 $15.30 to bal. his acct. for month of July. (24.) Reed, of Henry 
 Stone, $13.19 to bal. (22.) Reed, of John Hall, $18.16 to bal. Reed, 
 of James Stone cash to bal. $15.62. Harry Willes has paid cash to 
 bal. $16.03. Seth Hull has paid $12.20 to bal. Reed, of Ralph Smith, 
 $13.69 to bal. Reed, of Edwin Coit cash to bal., $17.14. Reed, of 
 Philip Young cash to bal., $10.27. Reed, of Jacob Cook, $14.46 to 
 bal. his acct. (24.) (11.) Paid clerk's salary for month, $50. Reed. 
 for cash sales, $98.14. 
 
 This completes the set, all the accounts balance except the 
 bank account and cash account, balance them, and on page 68 
 make the following 
 
 Statement. 
 July 31st, 19 — . 
 
 Mdse. per Inventory, - $43 2 3 77 
 
 Cash in bank, ----- 666 23 
 
 Cash on hand, ----- 260 00 
 
 Capital at closing, - $5250 00 
 
 " beginning, - 5000 00 
 
 Net Profit, - $250 00 
 
PART THIRD 
 
 (91) 
 
PART THIRD. 
 
 Day Book and Ledger 
 Blank Book No. 3. 
 
 Part Third contains the old time, Day Book and Ledger 
 method. It is put last as the style leads toward Double 
 Entry methods. After writing it, you will see why the 
 "Single Ledger," Direct Entry, method has superceded it. 
 
 Three separate books would be used in business, Day 
 Book, Cash Book and Ledger, but for school work, I prefer 
 to bind them in one. 
 
 Page the No. 3 Blank Book. No index. Commence the Day 
 Book on page 1, the first page is printed in full in the text 
 book, write the date at the beginning of each day's business, 
 skip one line after each transaction, observe where Dr. and 
 Cr. are written, see how Otis Park is credited and debited, 
 do not write the figures at the left until you post. 
 
 Begin the Cash Book at page 46, use single page, the cash 
 on hand is the cash in the safe, write the page of the cash 
 account, at the left of the item, in the Day Book. In busi- 
 ness all cash sales would be written, and the account balanced 
 at the close of each day's business ; to avoid tedious repeti- 
 tion, the amount for the week is given, and the account 
 balanced weekly, notice (23) at end of each week. 
 
 Write three days' business, ending Saturday, balance the 
 cash acct. read (40) and post what you have written in the 
 Day Book. 
 
 Each account will need one page in the Ledger. 
 
 (93) 
 
94 
 
 BOOK-KEEPING PART THIRD. 
 
 Winona, April ist, ip — . 
 
 
 53 
 
 William Foster, Cr. 
 By Mdse. per inventory, 
 
 2000 
 
 
 
 
 
 54 
 
 Cash in Winona Bank, 
 
 900 
 
 
 
 
 
 46 
 
 M " safe, 
 
 100 
 
 
 3000 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 Hugh West, Dr. 
 To 3 yds. Satinet @ $1. 
 Y % doz. pr. Hose @ $6. 
 
 o 
 3 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 yds. Linen @ 40^ 
 
 1 
 
 20 
 
 7 
 
 20 
 
 
 56 
 
 Otis Park, Cr. 
 By 2480 lbs. Hay @ $18. 
 Dr. 
 
 
 
 22 
 
 32 
 
 
 56 
 
 To 1 bbl. St. Louis Flour 
 
 5 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 
 
 5 gals. Molasses @ 70^ 
 
 3 
 
 50 
 
 9 
 
 00 
 
 • 
 
 57 
 
 Asa Long, Cr. 
 By Shoeing 1 pr. Horses 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 00 
 
DAY BOOK AND LEDGER. 
 
 95 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Otis Park. 
 
 Cr. 
 
 19— 
 Apr. 
 
 To Mdse. 
 
 " Cash 
 " Mdse. 
 
 M ti 
 
 M Cash 
 " Mdse. 
 
 balance 
 
 
 
 
 19— 
 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 00 
 
 Apr. 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 30 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 75 
 
 
 5 
 
 7 
 
 
 95 
 
 
 8 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 26 
 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 25 
 
 
 16 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 19 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 28 
 
 
 22 
 
 19 
 
 
 72 
 
 
 24 
 
 21 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 26 
 
 21 
 
 
 60 
 
 
 
 24 
 
 2 
 
 80 
 
 
 
 25 
 
 61 
 114 
 
 80 
 81 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 By Hay 
 " Work 
 " Straw 
 " Hay 
 " Wood 
 M Sund. 
 " Butter 
 " Vinegar 
 " Order 
 " Sund. 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 4 
 7 
 
 11 
 14 
 16 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 
 22 
 1 
 2 
 
 23 
 5 
 
 19 
 6 
 2 
 
 10 
 
 21 
 
 By balance 
 
 114 
 61 
 
g6 BOOK-KEEPING PART THIRD. 
 
 SET VI, 
 
 Record of the business transactions of William Foster, 
 dealer in groceries, dry goods, etc., in the village of Winona. 
 He begins Apr. I, 19 — , with a capital of $3000, consisting of 
 mdse. in store, $2000. ; Cash in Winona Bank, $900., and cash 
 on hand, $100. (Write "Cash Acct. Set VI.") Remem- 
 ber (23.) 
 
 Sold Hugh West 3 yds. satinet @ $1., y 2 doz. pr. hose @ $6., 3 yds. 
 linen @ 40$*. Bought of Otis Park 2480 lbs. of hay at $18., and sold 
 him 1 bbl. St. Louis flour, $5.50, 5 gals, molasses @ 700. Asa Long 
 has shod 1 pr. horses, $3. 
 
 2nd. Sold Levi Clark 4 bu. potatoes at 700, y 2 bu. beans @ $3., 6 
 lbs. butter @ 250. Seth Young has worked 4 days @ $1.75, and 
 furnished lumber to the amt. of $3.45. Sold Adam White 25 lbs. oat 
 meal at 80, 10 lbs. rice at 80; and bought of him 36 lbs. butter @ 220. 
 Sold Hugh West 5 9-16 lbs. cheese @ 160. 3rd. Paid for mdse. by 
 check on W. Bank, $562.75 to Horton & Co. (32.) Paid for freight 
 and cartage, $6.75. (Cash acct.) Sold Hugh West 1 bbl. W. flour, $6., 
 10 gals. k. oil @ 150. Sold Asa Long 4 doz. eggs @ 220, 8 lbs. prunes 
 @ 50, 1 box starch, 500. He has repaired wagon, $3.50. Otis Park has 
 drawn 2 tons coal, $1.50; and sold him 2 bags meal @ $1.15. Reed, 
 for cash sales this week, $62.80. (No entry in day book.) (17.) (23.) 
 
 Post the three days' business, see (40.), also the sample 
 ledger page. 
 
 In business, the accounts should be posted each day, you 
 can write the business of one week and then post it ; but write 
 all entries that belong in the cash acct. in it, as you copy the 
 memoranda. Cash paid or received, on account, and cash de- 
 posited, should be written in day book, and on cash acct. (42.) 
 
 5th. Sold Levi Clark 16 lbs. ham @ 12 %0, 4 doz. eggs @ 220. Bot. 
 of Otis Park 30 bundles straw @ 80; and sold him 32 lbs. sugar, $2., 
 5 gals. k. oil @ 150. Credit Asa Long, by shoeing sleigh, $5.25. Sold 
 Seth Young 2 lbs. J. coffee @ 250, % lb. Y. H. tea @ 800; and he has 
 worked 1 day, $2. 6th. Bot. of Adam White % cd. c. wood @ $5.; 
 and sold him 1 bbl. St. Louis flour, $5.50. Sold Hugh West 2 cans 
 
DAY BOOK AND LEDGER. . 97 
 
 cocoanut @ 500, 24 lbs. butter @ 250, 1 jar pickles, 500. Bot. of Levi 
 Clark 1 pr. calf boots, $4., 1 pr. slippers, $1.50, 1 bottle blacking, 100. 
 Sold Seth Young 1 bbl. P. flour, $6. 7th. Paid for painting sign, 
 $8.50. (18.) Asa Long has ironed 1 set wheels, $8. Sold Seth Young 
 24 lbs. m. biscuits @ 8^, 16 lbs. sugar $1., 12 lbs. gran, sugar, $1. 
 Deposited in bank, $100. (42.) Sold Levi Clark 1 bbl. P. flour, $6., 
 2 lbs. J. tea @ 75$!. Sold Hugh West 4 doz. eggs @ 250, 16 lbs. sugar, 
 $1. 8th. Credit Asa Long by iron and work, $2.; and charge him 2 
 gals, vinegar @ 120, 1 bottle vanilla, 20$*, 1 gal. m. syrup, $1.12. Sold 
 Seth Young 2 pa. s. polish @ 100, 1 bag salt, 200, 1 bottle s. oil, 350. 
 Bot. of Otis Park 2640 lbs. hay @ $18.; and sold him 2 lbs. J. coffee 
 @ 250, 1 pkg. tapioca, 250, 1 pkg. sago, 200. Paid for sundries, $2.75. 
 (18.) 9th. Sold Adam White 10 yds. gingham @ 120, y 2 doz. linen 
 towels @ $4., 1 doz. buttons, 400. Sold Hugh West V 2 doz. hand- 
 kerchiefs, $1.50, 1 lamp, $2.50, 1 pr. gloves, $1. Asa Long has bought 
 1 bbl. flour, $5.50. Levi Clark has bought 2 doz. oranges @ 350, 1 
 doz. bananas, 400, 2 brooms @ 300, 1 wash tub, 750. lOth. De- 
 posited in bank, $100. (42.) Sold Seth Young 1 gal. vinegar, 120, 1 
 jar pickles, 500, 2 doz. lemons @ 300, 16 lbs. sugar, $1. Sold Hugh 
 West 3 doz. oranges @ 300, 10 lbs. prunes @ 50, 2 lbs. currants @ 18<!, 
 1 can cocoanut, 500. Bot. of Adam White 10 bu. potatoes @ 650, 32 
 lbs. butter at 220. Reed, for cash sales this week, $180. (23.) 12th. 
 Sold Seth Young 10 lbs. crackers @ 60, 2 doz. pa. pins @ 12^0, 1 pr. 
 overalls, 500. Sold Levi Clark 20 yds. cotton cloth @ 80, 1 dos. 
 napkins, 500. Sold Adam White 12 yds. cambric @ 60, 4 yds. velve- 
 teen @ 300. Hugh West has paid $25. on acct. (42.), and sold him 
 22 bars soap, $1., 1 wash board, 300. 13th. Credit Levi Clark 1 pr. 
 gent's shoes, $3.50, 1 pr. ladies' shoes, $4.50. Bot. of Otis Park 1 cd. o. 
 wood, $5.50.; and sold him 5 bags meal @ $1.14, 16 lbs. c. fish @ 60, 
 6 boxes spices, 600. Seth Young has worked 2V 2 days @ $2.; and sold 
 him 2 lbs. J. coffee at 250, 1 lb. tea, 800, 16 lbs. sugar, $1. 14th. Sold 
 Hugh West 22 bars W. soap, $1., 2 lbs. butter @ 250, 4 doz. eggs @ 
 250. Asa Long has set one tire, 400, repaired truck, 200; and sold 
 him 2 bu. potatoes @ 700, y 2 bu. turnips @ 300. Sold Levi Clark 25 
 bars B. soap, $1., 1 cardigan, $1.75. Bot. of Seth Young 1 wheel- 
 barrow, $2. Bought for cash a bill of mdse., $62.40. 15th. Sold 
 Levi Clark 1 bbl. flour, $6. Sold Otis Park 5 gals, molasses @ 700, 
 5 gals. k. oil @ 150. Sold Seth Young 4 qts. onions @ 100, 8 lbs. 
 7 
 
98 BOOK-KEEPING PART THIRD. 
 
 prunes @ 50, 1 lb. tea, 800. Bot. of Seth Young 80 ft. pine boards @ 
 50. Sold Adam White 10 gals, molasses @ 650. 16th. Sold Asa 
 Long 1 bbl. St. Louis flour, $5., 1 box starch, 500, 1 box figs, 350, 1 
 pkg. matches, 250. Sold Levi Clark 1 doz. oranges, 40c, 2 gals, 
 molasses @ 700, y 2 lb. citron, 200, 1 pk. apples, 500. Bot. of Otis Park 
 840 ft. ches. plank @ 20, 4 posts @ 250, 1 load stone, $1.50; and paid 
 him cash on acct., $10. (22.) 17th. Sold Hugh West 4 lbs. w. 
 nails @ 80, 10 yds. gingham, $2.50, 2 yds. satinet @ $1., 3 lin. hand- 
 kerchiefs at 250, 2 yds. cambric @ 12^0. Deposited in bank, $50. 
 (42.) Bot. of Adam White 1 cd. c. wood, $5., y 2 cd. o. wood @ $6.; 
 sold him 16 lbs. sugar, $1. Sold Levi Clark 16 lbs. sugar, $1. Reed. 
 for cash sales this week, $190.50. (23.) 19th. Deposited cash, $200. 
 (42.) Hugh West has bought 4 lbs. creamery butter @ 300, 1 lb. 
 maple sugar, 200, % lb. nutmegs @ 800. Otis Park has sold to Wm. 
 Foster 30 lbs. butter @ 200; and bought of him 2 lbs. corn starch @ 
 250, 4 lbs. soda crackers @ 70, 1 lb. chocolate, 350, 3 lbs. prunes @ 50. 
 Asa Long has made 2 brackets @ 350. Bot. for cash 1 bottle ink, 880. 
 (18.) 20th. Sold Asa Long 4 bottles extracts @ 250, 3 lbs. cheese @ 
 150, 8 lbs. lard @ 12^-0. Bot. of Levi Clark 1 pr. boys' boots, $2.50, 
 1 pr. rubbers, 400; and sold him 4 lbs. raisins @ 200, 1 pa. gelatine, 
 300, 5 lbs. hominy @ 60. Credit Seth Young with two hours' work 
 @ 250; and charge him with 16 lbs. ham @ 12^0, 4 doz. eggs @ 220. 
 Paid for advertising, $8.50. 21st. Bot. of Adam White 10 cloz. eggs 
 @ 200, 5 bu. potatoes @ 600, 2 bu. turnips @ 250; and sold him 1 gal. 
 m. syrup, $1.12, 2 lbs. raisins at 200, 10 lbs. h. bread @ 80. Gave Hugh 
 West an order on Levi Clark for $5. (15.) (2 entries.) Sold Seth 
 Young 12 lbs. oat meal @ 80. 22nd. Charge Asa Long 1 pr. gloves, 
 $1.12, 4 yds. satinet @ $1. Credit Otis Park 32 gals, vinegar @ 80; 
 and charge him 4 lbs. currants @ 180. Sold Hugh West % bu. beans 
 @ $2., % lb. nutmegs @ $1. Bot. of Levi Clark 2 boxes blacking @ 
 80, 1 pr. rubbers, 750, 1 p. child's slippers, $2. 24th. Dep. in bank, 
 $100. Bot. of Horton and Co. mdse., $182.50, and paid by check on 
 W. Bank. (32.) Gave Seth Young an order on Otis Park for $10. 
 (15.) Sold Hugh West 4 lbs. c. butter @ 30c, y 2 doz. handkerchiefs @ 
 $3. Sold Asa Long 4 yds. flannel @ 250. Reed, for cash sales this 
 week, $150.60. (23.) 26th. Gave check on W. Bank for $62.50 to 
 Reed & Miller for dry goods. (32). Paid for painting, $16.50. Paid 
 
DAY BOOK AND LEDGER. 99 
 
 for bill of paint and oil, $8. Credit Seth Young with 1V 2 days' work 
 @ $2., and lumber $4. Paid Otis Park $10, on acct. (22.) Reed, of 
 Hugh West $25. on acct. (42.) Bot. of Otis Park 1840 lbs. hay @ 
 $18. per ton, 924 lbs. straw @ $10.; and sold him iy 2 doz. oranges @ 
 40**. 27th. Bot. of Adam White 240 lbs. pork @ 60;' and paid him 
 $8. on acct. (42.) Asa Long has made an awning frame, $5.; sold 
 him 1 hat, $2.50. Sold Levi Clark 1 pkg. matches, 250, 3 gals, mo- 
 lasses @ 70^, 2 lbs. J. coffee @ 250. Sold Seth Young 16 lbs. sugar, 
 $1., V 2 lb. tea @ 800. Paid a city tax of $21.80. 28th. Sold Adam 
 White 1 bbl. St. Louis flour, $5., 4 lbs. rice @ 80. Sold Asa Long 4 
 boxes spices @ 100, 12^ lbs. c. fish @ 60. Sold Levi Clark 2 cans 
 cocoanut @ 500. Sold Hugh West 5 gals, molasses @ 750. Paid B. 
 S. Reeves by check on bank, $42.50 for bill of boots and shoes. (32.) 
 29th. Sold Levi Clark 10 lbs. oat meal @ 60, 2 pa. corn starch @ 250. 
 Sold Hugh West 5 lbs. pearl barley @ 8c, 2 brooms @ 250. Sold Adam 
 White 1 whip, 500. Bot. of Seth Young 1 ironing board, 500. Sold 
 Otis Park 25 bars B. soap, $1., 2 wash tubs @ 900. Paid for notions 
 bought of a peddler, $11.10. 30th. Sold Asa Long 4 cans tomatoes 
 @ 12^0. Sold Hugh West 2 cans c. beef @ 300. Deposited in bank, 
 $100. Sold Adam White 2 gals, syrup @ $1.12. Sold Otis Park 8 lbs. 
 rice @ 100. Paid Horton & Co. for mdse. by check on bank, $284.60. 
 (32.) Paid rent of store 1 mo., $25. Paid for clerk hire, $25. Reed, 
 for cash sales this week, $180.42. 
 
 This closes the set; balance all the accounts, except 
 William Foster's; on the page below his account open a 
 "Balance Acct." on fifth line below the red line, with Dr. at 
 the left, Cr. at the right; on the Dr. side write the assets 
 which are, Mdse. per Invt., $2693.42, Winona Bank, $415.15, 
 Cash on hand, $39.14, Hugh West, $7.27, Asa Long, $1.16, 
 Levi Clark, $14.92, Seth Young, $2.91 ; on the Cr. side the 
 balances due Otis Park, $61.81, Adam White, $12.16, then 
 balance the Balance Account. 
 
 Below the Balance Acct. make a statement (31.), and the 
 profit $100. write on the Cr. side of William Foster's acct., 
 and balance that. 
 
 The Balance Acct. and Statement are put on the page with 
 Wm. Foster's account to save space. 
 
IOO BOOK-KEEPING PART THIRD. 
 
 SET VII. 
 
 James Lawton, Furniture Dealer. 
 
 Mem. of his business for one month, representing one 
 year; the set is to be written like the preceding set, and fol- 
 lows it in Blank Book No. 3. Begin the day book at page 
 26, by writing James Lawton, Cr. and under it the six items 
 which make his resources; then Dr. on the next line, and 
 under it the two liabilities. 
 
 Begin the Cash Acct. at page 50, single page, balance it 
 weekly. See the (23.) (Cash Acct. Set VII) at top of page. 
 
 We will put two accounts on each page of the Ledger. 
 Divide each page except the last, into two parts, by drawing 
 with red ink two horizontal lines, across the pages in the 
 middle of the tenth space from the foot of the page; when 
 you open an account on the lower half, write the person's 
 name on the second blue line below the red lines. 
 
 Open an account with James Lawton on page 61, on the 
 Cr. side write, By Assets, 26, $3300, on Dr. side write, To 
 Liabilities, 26, $170. 
 
 Open accounts with the next four persons and write the 
 amount each owes on the Dr. side of his acct. in the ledger. 
 In third space write, "To bal." 
 
 Open accounts with the next two persons and write the 
 amount due to each on the Cr. side of his account, write the 
 ledger page of each at the left of each name in the day book. 
 
 Woodstown, Jan. 1st, 19 — . 
 
 James Lawton has the following assets, Mdse. in store, $3000., Cash 
 on hand, $100., John Lee owes him, $20., Ira Cook, $40., James Guy, 
 $80., Frank Gray, $60. Total, $3300. He is Dr. to Walter King, bal. 
 on acct., $80., and to Frank Jones, $90., total, $170. 
 
 Sold to James Guy 1 office desk, $18. Bot. of Frank Jones 1 hat, 
 $4.50, 1 pr. gloves, $3. 2nd. (Saturday.) Sold John Lee 1 set b. w. 
 furniture, $62.50. Bot. of Ira Cook 25 yds. carpeting @ $1. Bot. of 
 Frank Gray 1 Magee range, $24.50. Sold Walter King 4 office chairs 
 @ $1.50. Bot. of James Guy 1 ton coal, $5.50. Sold Frank Jones 1 
 ex. din. table, $14.25. Reed, for cash sales two days, $90.51. (38.) 
 
DAY BOOK AND LEDGER. '' ' ' IOI 
 
 Paid for insurance, $25. (23.) 4th. Paid for advertising, $5. Sold 
 Ira Cook 1 b. w. book-case, $20. Bot. of John Lee 20 lbs. butter @ 
 250. Bot. of Walter King 1 silver watch, $18. Sold Frank Gray 12 
 d. r. chairs @ $1.25. Bot. of James Guy 1 ton s. coal, $5.50, 1 ton c. 
 coal, $5.50. Sold Frank Jones 1 cherry side-board, $24.50. 5th. 
 Paid Frank Jones $40. on acct. Sold Walter King 1 spring rocker, 
 $18., 1 student's chair, $22. Sold Frank Gray 1 office lounge, $10. Bot. 
 of John Lee 2240 lbs. hay @ $20. Sold Ira Cook 1 cane r. chair, $3. 
 Sold Levi Long 1 spring bed, $10. 6th. Sold Frank Jones 1 b. w. 
 cor. what-not, $2.50. Sold Ira Cook 1 cottage suit, $35. Sold Walter 
 King 1 cherry wardrobe, $22. Sold Frank Gray 1 Turkish lounge, $18. 
 Sold James Guy 1 parlor suit, $80. Sold Levi Long 1 cyl. book-case, 
 $24. 7th. Bot. of John Lee 2 cords o. wood @ $6.; and sold him V 2 
 doz. chairs @ $6. Sold Levi Long 1 chamber suit, $40. Sold Frank 
 Gray 1 pat. child's chair, $5. Sold James Guy 1 revolving chair, $5. 
 Sold Walter King 1 library table, $18., 1 folding crib, $5.50. 8th. 
 Reed, of Frank Gray, $80. on acct. Sold James Guy 1 Lumburg chair, 
 $7. Sold Ira Cook 1 folding chair, $6.; and he has paid $50., on acct. 
 Bot. of John Lee 2420 lbs. hay @ $20.; and sold him 1 black walnut 
 rocker, $2.50. Reed, of Levi Long, $50. on acct. 9th. Sold Frank 
 Jones 1 plush parlor suit, $75.; and bought of him 1 set furs, $50. 
 Sold Levi Long 1 hair mattress, $8. Sold Ira Cook 1 hat stand, $6. 
 Sold Walter King 1 Grand Duchess suit, $75.; and bought of him 1 
 watch chain, $25. Sold James Guy 1 cot bedstead, $3. Reed, for 
 cash sales this week, $240. (23.) 11th. Bot. of James Guy bill 
 of lumber, $18. Sold John Lee 1 E. L. chamber suit, $50. Bot. of Ira 
 Cook 30 yds. tapestry carpet @ $1.50. Bot. of Frank Gray 1 Rich- 
 mond furnace, $80.; and sold him 1 im. b. w. suit, $90. Sold Walter 
 King 1 b. w. bureau, $8. 12th. Sold Henry Foster 1 oak sideboard, 
 $20. Bot. of John Lee 4 bu. potatoes @ 650, 2 bu. turnips @ 25#, 8 
 doz. eggs @ 30^, 5 cabbages @ 100, 20 lbs. butter @ 250. Sold Lewis 
 Rich V 2 doz. library chairs, $24. Sold Neal Smith 1 set library furni- 
 ture, $95., 1 Lumburg chair, $7. 13th. Sold Peter Rice 1 piano stool, 
 $5. Sold Lewis Rich 1 ex. table, $12. Sold Edwin Cate 1 oak side- 
 board, $20. Bot. of Seth Webb 1 carriage, $200.; and sold him 1 im. b. 
 w. suit, $100. Sold Frank Gray 1 square what-not, $4. (Write two 
 days' business on one page.) 14th. Sold Edwin Cate 1 b. w. hat 
 stand, $6., 1 round table, $8. Bot. of Frank Jones 1 pr. gent's fur 
 gloves, $5., 1 fur cap, $2. 15th. Sold Seth Webb 6 cane chairs, $9. 
 Sold Edwin Cate 1 cherry wardrobe, $15. Bot. of James Guy 1 ton s. 
 coal, $5.50, 1 ton c. coal, $5.50. 16th. Sold Neal Smith 1 easy chair, 
 $8. Sold Peter Rice 1 pat. child's chair, $6., 1 folding crib, $4. Reed, 
 for sales, $251.80. (23.) (22.) 18th. Sold Seth Webb 1 willow 
 
102 ' ' 300K-KEEPING PART THIRD. 
 
 rocker, $3. 1 m. t. table, $7. Bot. of Walter King 1 scarf pin, $2.50. 
 Reed, of James Guy cash on acct., $80. Paid for bill of mdse., $672.11. 
 Paid expense to New York, $6.75. 19th. Paid freight, $8.75. Paid 
 for cartage, $5. Sold Seth Webb 1 pat. c. s. rocker, $8., 1 corner cup- 
 board, $12. Edwin Cate has bought 1 bureau and book case, $13.50. 
 20th. Sold Peter Rice 1 pat. lounge, $20. Sold Neal Smith 1 pat. 
 lounge, $20. Bot. of Frank Gray 1 register, $3., 1 child's bath tub, $4. 
 21st. Reed, of Neal Smith, $100. on acct.; and sold him 1, 14 ft. ex. 
 table, $12. Reed, of Peter Rice, $25. on acct. 22nd. Sold Henry 
 Foster 1 cyl. book-case, $20. Sold Lewis Rich %■ doz. curtain poles 
 and fixtures, $6. Sold Seth Webb 1 Qu. An. cham. set, $50. 23rd. 
 Sold Edwin Cate 1 library chair, $15., and he has paid, $50. on acct. 
 Sold Henry Foster 1 cherry wardrobe, $20., 1 easy chair, $15., 1 pat. 
 sp. rocker, $15. Reed, for cash sales this week, $240.75. (23.) 25th. 
 Reed, of Lewis Rich $30 on acct. Sold Seth Webb 1 office lounge, $10., 
 and paid him $1. to bal. our acct. 26th. Bot. of Walter King 1 pr. 
 bracelets, $8., 1 gent's ring, $10. Paid for stationery, $2.50. (22.) 
 27th. Sold Edwin Cate 1 E. L. cham. set, $50.; and he has paid $40. 
 on acct. Sold Neal Smith 6 b. w. cane seat chairs, $9.; 1 arm chair, 
 $8., 1 c. s. rocker, $3. Sold Henry Foster 2 f. screens @ $3. 28th. 
 Paid for postage stamps, $1. Paid for show case, $10. Reed, of 
 Henry Foster $90. on acct.; and sold him 1 hair mattress, $12. Sold 
 Lewis Rich 1 pat. lounge, $20. 29th. Sold Peter Rice 1 hat stand, 
 $5. Bot. of Ira Cook 2 Smyrna rugs, $10. Sold John Lee 1 m. book- 
 case, $5. Paid for bill of mdse., $462.80. 30th. Sold Henry Foster 
 1 brocatelle suit, $95. He has paid cash on acct. $100. Gave Lewis 
 Rich an order on Ira Cook for mdse. to the amt. of $30. (2 entries.) 
 Paid a gas bill, $6.25. Paid for clerk hire, $100. Henry Foster has 
 given Levi Long an order on me for $25. (16.) Neal Smith has paid 
 $50. on acct. Reed, for cash sales, $220.10. (23.) 
 
 Balance all of the accounts, except James Lawton's ; open 
 a "Balance Acct." on page 68, as in last set, and write the 
 statement below it. (31.) 
 
 The value of the Mdse. per inventory is $2487.35, the Cash 
 on hand is $542., Levi Long owes $7., John Lee, $68.40, 
 Henry Foster, $38., Lewis Rich, $62., James Guy, $67.50, 
 Neal Smith, $12., Frank Gray, $10.50, Peter Rice, $15., 
 Walter King, $31., Edwin Cate, $37.50, Frank Jones, $1.75, 
 total, $3380. Bal. due Ira Cook, $50., Capital at closing, 
 $3330., at commencing, $3130. Write the net gain, $200. on 
 the Cr. side of the proprietor's account, and balance it. 
 
(QUESTIONS 
 
 1. — What is Book-Keeping? 
 
 2. — Name the two methods. 
 
 3.— How do they differ? 
 
 4. — How many, and what methods of Single Entry book-keeping 
 are shown in this book? 
 
 5. — What is the name of the first method? 
 
 6. — How many books? How many pages for an account? What 
 is the relative position of the two pages? What does the Dr. 
 page show? The Cr. page? How many columns on each page? 
 What is each column used for? 
 
 7. — How do you open an acct. in the Ledger? Why do you 
 write the name in the index? On which side is "To" written? 
 On which is "By" written? How and when do you charge mdse. 
 to a person? How and when do you credit a person with mdse.? 
 Name the four most important items in each entry, when goods 
 are bought or sold on acct. What does "on acct." mean? 
 
 8. — What is the cash account for? What does the Dr. side 
 show? The Cr. side? What is the first entry? What would it be 
 if you had none? What does the difference, or balance show? 
 Why cannot the amount of the Cr. side be larger than the amount 
 of the Dr. side? 
 
 9. — What entry or entries do you make when you pay cash on 
 account? When you receive cash on account? When mdse. is 
 bought for cash? When sold for cash? When you pay cash for 
 expenses? When mdse. is sold on acct.? When you buy on acct.? 
 When you give an order ? When you receive an order? When you 
 receive an order and pay it when presented? When you loan a 
 small sum of money? When you borrow a small sum of money? 
 When a person works for you, and you do not pay him when the 
 work is done? When you do pay him? When you do any work 
 for a person, and you are not paid immediately? When you are 
 paid when the work is done? 
 
 (I03) 
 
104 QUESTIONS. 
 
 10. — How do you balance an account? Which side is the larger 
 when the balance is due you? Which when you owe the balance? 
 What entries do you make with red ink? What do you do with the 
 balance, if the account is continued, and not settled at the time? 
 What does the balance of the cash acct. show? 
 
 11. — What do you write when you receive a note on acct.? A 
 note to balance an account? When you give a note on acct.? A 
 note to balance an account? When cash is paid to balance an 
 account? 
 
 12. — How do you carry an account to a new page? Do you use 
 red or black ink in drawing lines? 
 
 13. — What is the balance of Example I? Which owes it? To 
 whom? 
 
 14. — Which owes the balance of Ex. II? To whom? How was 
 Ex. Ill settled? Who gave it? What was the amount of cash oh 
 hand, in Ex. IV, Part First, in the morning? At the close of 
 business? 
 
 15. — How often was Ex. V balanced? 
 How was Ex. VI settled? Which paid it? What was the profit 
 
 in Ex. VII? 
 
 16. — When you keep an account with some particular property, 
 as "Sinclair Farm," what is the first entry, and where is it writ- 
 ten? What does the Dr. side show? The Cr.? What is the last 
 entry, and where ? What does the balance show? What profit did 
 the property No. 76 Orange St. pay? How would you keep an 
 account with a ten acre orange grove? 
 
 17. — Are the nine preceding accounts connected? How many 
 entries for the cash items in these accounts? 
 
 18. — Are the accounts in Set II connected? How many entries 
 for the cash paid or received on acct. in Set II? Did you forget? 
 
 19. — In Set III what was the capital at commencing, and of 
 what did it consist? When did you open a bank acct.? What 
 does the Dr. side show? The Cr.? How many entries when you 
 deposited money? When you gave a check to pay on acct. ? When 
 you gave a check to pay for articles just bought, and not credited? 
 
 20. — How many items did you write in the mem. of Notes Paya- 
 ble for each note ? When did you write the last ? How many were 
 
QUESTIONS. 105 
 
 unpaid at the end of the first year? At the close of the second? 
 How many entries when you loaned money, and received a note 
 for it? 
 
 21. — What does the Cr. side of Wm. Starr's statement at the 
 end of the first year show? The Dr. side? The balance? What 
 were the profits for the first year? What was his capital for the 
 second year? What was his capital at the close of the second 
 year? What were his profits for the second year? 
 
 PART SECOND. 
 
 1. — What should be observed in writing the different parts of a 
 letter? (4 items.) What in writing- the body of a letter? 
 (8 items.) Why should you avoid a careless style? 
 
 2. — What is a receipt? When would you give one? When de- 
 mand one? Why? 
 
 3. — What is an order? What three names are written? 
 
 4. — What is a written promise to pay money called? What is a 
 demand note? A negotiable note? A time note? A joint note? 
 Where does the indorser sign his name on a note? What does it 
 bind him to do? What are partial payments? Where are they re- 
 corded? What does three days' grace mean? What is Bank 
 Discount? Proceeds? Face of note? 
 
 5. — What is a bill? When, how, and by whom is a bill re- 
 ceipted? 
 
 6. — What does Single Ledger, Single Page, mean? How many 
 books are used? How many pages for an account? When is it 
 better to use one page instead of two? (See page 61.) What are 
 the first money columns for? The second money columns? How 
 was Ex. X, Part Second, balanced and settled? Who paid it? To 
 whom? 
 
 7. — How was Cone and White's capital at commencing found? 
 What is the benefit, of keeping the bank account as it is kept in 
 Set IV? How was the Statement made? How was the profit found? 
 
 8. — What was Smith and Harris' capital when they commenced? 
 What was the name and amount of each of the three assets? 
 
106 QUESTIONS. 
 
 "Which two accounts did you open first ? What is the usual time of 
 credit? Did they all pay at the end of the month? What were 
 the assets at the time of closing the ledger? What was their 
 profit? 
 
 PART THIRD. 
 
 1. — What is this method of keeping accounts in single entry 
 called? 
 
 2. — How many books are needed? 
 
 3. — Where are the business transactions first written? Where 
 and how often is the date written? Which cash amounts are 
 written in the day book? Which are not? Are they all written 
 on the cash account? 
 
 4. — What is posting? When should the transactions be posted? 
 What do you write in the ledger? What page number do you 
 write? What page number in day book? Do you write the num- 
 ber before or after you post the transaction? Why? Which is 
 the first account to open? What does the Cr. side show? Did he 
 have any liabilities? When you closed the set what account did 
 you open? What did the Dr. side show? The Cr. side? The 
 Balance? Was it more or less than the capital at commencing? 
 How did you find the profit? Where did you write it? Did the 
 balance of Mr. Foster's account agree with the balance of the 
 "Balance account"? 
 
 5. — What was James Lawton's capital at commencing in Set 
 VII? At closing? Did he gain or loose? How much? 
 
 6. — Can you take foolscap and rule a page for Day Book, one for 
 Cash Book, and one for a Ledger? (This is a favorite Ex. question). 
 
 7. — Which is the Single Ledger like? Can you tell what each 
 space is for? 
 
 8. — What is a Statement? How written? (See page 24). What 
 are assets? Liabilities? What is Net capital? Net Insolvency? 
 (30) Read page 21 and see the three things a person not in busi- 
 ness should do. Why keep a cash account? Why a memorandum? 
 Why make a yearly statement? 
 
. ^suDjectto immediate recall 
 
 SEP 1 1960 
 S£P~TrECI] 
 
 LD 21-50^6/59 
 (A2845sl0)476 
 
 .General Library 
 
< I— ' >»• v-^ ^ I 
 
 M118288 ^ - 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY