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 HENRY Y. SATTERLEE, D. D., LL. D. 
 Bishop of Washington 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 EDWIN 8. GORHAM 
 
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 PREFACE 
 
 This little book is sent forth in response to the 
 ever-growing demand for more definite and detailed 
 information concerning the Cathedral of SS. Peter 
 and Paul in Washington. 
 
 It has been a labour of love to write it ; not only in 
 grateful remembrance of those Cathedral workers in 
 Washington, who have gone before us, but because the 
 ideal of a cathedral, like its majestic watch tower, soars 
 so high toward God and His Heaven above the crowded 
 streets of the city and the noisy din of earthly life. 
 And this ideal has been inspired by Christ Himself. 
 
 As men gaze, first at that, which, in popular par- 
 lance, is called " institutional religion," with its parish 
 churches and cathedrals ; then, at Jesus of Nazareth 
 travelling on foot and preaching the Gospel to the poor, 
 the question often arises : " Are there not here, in vivid 
 contrast, two types of the Christian religion, which 
 can never be reconciled ? " 
 
 In silent response, as it were, Gospel history holds 
 up another contrast Christ in Galilee and Christ at 
 Jerusalem. These two types of religion are united in 
 Christ's own many-sided life. When, beside Christ 
 " the carpenter's Son " of Galilee, we place the equally 
 vivid Bible picture of Christ, " the Son of David," in the
 
 8 THE CATHEDRAL OP THE FUTURE. 
 
 Holy City, we behold our Lord Himself inspiring every 
 true ideal of Church life. In New Testament days there 
 were synagogues without number in Galilee, Samaria 
 and Judea, but the only church building in all Palestine 
 was the Temple, that great Duomo or Cathedral of the 
 ancient Jews ; and the Gospel shows us how Christ 
 loved this Temple. In His childhood, when His par- 
 ents sought Him sorrowing, He said to them : " Wist 
 ye not that I must be in My Father's house ? " (compare 
 S. Luke ii : 49, R. V.). Years afterward, when He 
 began His public ministry, He went up to the Temple 
 and, casting out the buyers and sellers, He said : 
 " Make not My Father's house a house of merchan- 
 dise." And when the chief priests asked Him by what 
 right He did this and what sign He had to show 
 of His authority, He answered : " Destroy this Temple, 
 and in three days I will raise it up " (S. John ii : 19), 
 revealing to those unbelieving Jews the profound truth 
 that their Temple was a type and symbol of His own 
 Incarnation. 
 
 Three years afterwards, at the very end of His pub- 
 lic ministry, Christ made His triumphal entry into the 
 Holy City, as King of the Jews, amid the welcoming 
 hosannas of the multitudes, and rode through the 
 streets of Jerusalem to the same Temple. 
 
 The last voice of the Old Testament had sent out 
 the prophetic cry, " The Lord whom ye seek shall sud-
 
 PREFACE. 9 
 
 denly come to His Temple "; and when, in fulfilment of 
 this prophecy, Christ cleansed His Temple for the last 
 time and proclaimed, " My house shall be called the 
 house of prayer, but ye have made it a den of thieves," 
 He stood not only before the Jews like one of their 
 ancient prophets, but before the whole world as the 
 Judge of the quick and dead, who now gave sentence 
 that judgement must begin at the House of God ; and 
 is not this warning, at the same time, a solemn charge 
 sent out into the future, that, henceforth, every Christ- 
 ian church should be known, first of all, as a house of 
 prayer ? 
 
 The more we ponder that simple description given 
 by Christ " My house shall be called a house of 
 prayer for all nations" the more profound and 
 comprehensive it becomes. Every Christian church 
 is a house of prayer in a far higher sense than the 
 vanished Jewish Temple could ever become, for all 
 types and symbols have been fulfilled in Christ Him- 
 self, and the clear light now shineth. 
 
 A cathedral stands as a ceaseless witness for Jesus 
 Christ and His Incarnation, while the Church of Christ 
 prays and labours for the coming of His kingdom. 
 At the same time it is a prophetic and ever 
 present reminder of the coming day of Christ, when 
 God shall create a new heaven and a new earth, and 
 when the social bond of brotherhood in Christ shall be
 
 10 THE CATHEDRAL OF THE FUTURE. 
 
 fully revealed in that city of God, the new Jerusalem 
 which corneth down from God out of heaven. 
 
 In so far as the cathedrals of the past have fulfilled 
 this idea of a home of prayer has their work been 
 blessed ; where they have come short of it, they have 
 been deserted more and more by the people, until at 
 last, as in the instance of the old abbeys of England, 
 they have crumbled into ruins.* 
 
 Looking backward, we cannot fail to realise how 
 far these cathedrals of the past, notwithstanding all 
 their hallowed associations and historic memories, 
 have fallen short of this ideal. Though they have 
 silently stood, for century after century, as witnesses 
 for Christ, and monuments of the continuity of that 
 church which was the beacon light of the dark ages, they 
 not only influenced each passing age for good, but 
 were in their own history influenced too much by its 
 evil. And, yet, this is no argument against cathedrals, 
 for does not the same sad truth appear in the manifold 
 life of the Church herself, throughout mediaeval times? 
 
 Looking forward, as children of light, we hear a 
 voice from heaven which bids us forget those things 
 which are behind ; and breathing the inspirations of 
 the future, to reach forward to the glorious things 
 which are before us, as the Christ light grows brighter 
 
 *If the English nation had felt that these Abbeys were real 
 houses of God which belonged to all Christian people, the political 
 power of the State could never have caused their destruction.
 
 PREFACE. 11 
 
 with each coming century and the earth " sweeps into 
 the younger day." 
 
 As the Christian world becomes more and more 
 illumined by the Light which lighteth every man that 
 cometh into the world, the ideal of the cathedral of 
 the future cannot fail to be higher and broader than 
 that cherished by the cathedral builders of the past. 
 
 Though Christ's Incarnation, in its length and 
 breadth and height and depth, passes all understand- 
 ing : though it is, we are told, a mystery which the 
 angels themselves desire to look into, yet, there is 
 ceaseless progress in human apprehension of its truth. 
 Certainly, the Incarnation has never meant so much, 
 through all the nineteen centuries of the past, as it 
 means to the Christian world to-day. 
 
 As these words are being written, the blessed Christ- 
 mas-tide is at hand. The time draws near the birth 
 of Christ, when the bewildering fullness of that 
 prophecy was unveiled : " Behold the Tabernacle of 
 God is with men and He will dwell with them and 
 they shall be His people." The Incarnation of our 
 Lord, which was first revealed when He lay, a Babe 
 newborn, in the manger of Bethlehem, brings ever 
 fresh and new revelations, as He rises from the grave ; 
 as He ascends to heaven, a reigning King, to whom 
 " All power is given in heaven and on earth " ; as He
 
 12 THE CATHEDRAL OP THE FUTURE. 
 
 prepares the world for that day when He shall return 
 in the clouds of heaven to be our incarnate Judge. 
 
 Even then, a series of fresh revelations begin. The 
 New Testament does not stop with the Judgement Day, 
 but goes onward. It holds up the Incarnation, as the 
 central truth of God's revelation to man, and tells us 
 that " in the dispensation of the fullness of time God 
 will gather together into one, all things in Christ, both 
 which are in heaven and which are on earth." 
 
 It is not given to the Church on earth to know the 
 many things which our Lord has yet to say unto us, 
 but she can distinguish already, as civilization advances, 
 and new needs, new questions and new problems arise, 
 that many of these can never be met, or solved, or 
 reconciled with one another, apart from Christ ; and 
 she has His promise of an Infallible Guide, in the 
 Spirit of Truth, who shall lead her into all Truth. 
 
 She may not be able to explain, all at once, in defi- 
 nite terms, how Christ's Incarnation is the solution of 
 every problem of Nature, of human life and human 
 destiny, but she is set in this world by her Lord to face 
 this task bravely, patiently and honestly. In the 
 light of Christ's life she must strive to meet the intel- 
 lectual questions and the social needs of the times by 
 a new interpretation of New Testament facts, which 
 will bring the old Gospel truth home, in all its fresh- 
 ness, to the hearts of thinking, struggling men. And
 
 PREFACE. 13 
 
 she must do this, not only in all honesty but with all 
 humility. 
 
 While the Church is consecrated and commissioned 
 to be a fearless witness for Jesus Christ and for the Faith 
 once for all delivered to the Saints, she must not only 
 teach, but be taught by every successive age, and 
 patiently learn God's lessons from the progress of the 
 world itself. And if she strives to do this, through 
 parochial ministrations and pastoral efforts in every 
 town and village, she should do it pre-eminently 
 through her cathedrals for the sphere of a cathedral 
 is altogether different from that of a parish church. 
 It is not pastoral, but evangelistic. 
 
 It is to deliver the ringing Gospel message, the 
 good news from Heaven, in such a way as to win the 
 ear of large masses of men and be in touch with their 
 thought. It is to be a watch tower, from which the 
 signs of the times are detected ; a centre, in which 
 inspiring missionary or social movements originate, and 
 from which earnest evangelists go forth. It is to be a 
 home of religious learning, and a storehouse of Chris- 
 tian information, in whose scholastic and cloistered 
 atmosphere, real teachers of teachers may be found. 
 It is to be a school of the Prophets, where devout and 
 intellectual students may ponder the questions of the 
 day, side by side with the facts of the Gospel ; where 
 all inquirers will discover that the Christian Church is
 
 14 THE CATHEDRAL OF THE FUTURE. 
 
 abreast, with an ever-advancing secular education in 
 science and in history ; where skilled theologians, and 
 interpreters of " the Queen of sciences," shall be com- 
 petent to translate the doctrinal truths of theology into 
 the common language of life, in such a way as to take 
 hold of the living convictions of thinking men.* 
 
 This is the way in which the Cathedral of the future 
 should stand forth as a living witness for Jesus Christ 
 and His Religion. If all knowledge is power, knowl- 
 edge of God and of Christ's Incarnation is " Life 
 eternal " (S. John xvii : 3, I John v : 20). The burden 
 of the most earnest, oft repeated prayer in God's House 
 of Prayer should be : 
 
 " Thy kingdom come. 
 Thy will be done 
 On earth as it is in heaven." 
 
 The cathedral ideal beckons us onward. It points to 
 the dawning Christ light. It tells us that God's king- 
 
 * The new post-graduate university which has just been founded 
 in Washington this winter, and endowed by Andrew Carnegie, 
 cannot fail to make the Capital of the country more and more of a 
 centre of education, to which learned men and experts in every 
 branch of science will be drawn. All this, when viewed from the 
 right standpoint, is, undoubtedly, a work for God and the advance- 
 ment of His Kingdom. But it is only one side of that work, and that 
 the earthward side. The very earnestness with which this one side 
 of the truth is presented makes it necessary that the Church 
 should present, with equal force, ability and expert knowledge, 
 that other and heavenward side, which has been revealed to us by 
 the incarnate Son of God, who is Himself the Way, the Truth and 
 the Life. The more we, as Christians, welcome every advance in 
 secular knowledge, the more deeply we should feel our responsi- 
 bility to Christ for supplementing it with the higher spiritual 
 knowledge of His Gospel.
 
 PREFACE. 15 
 
 dom will come, when Christ's own Spirit comes into 
 the hearts of sinful men and overcomes the self-will of 
 the world. It is ours, in our time and generation to 
 realise that is, make real in our thought and action 
 the grandeur of our ideal, in its many sided possibili- 
 ties and opportunities ; in its organization and its 
 work ; in its spiritual influence and practical useful- 
 ness. 
 
 HENRY Y. SATTERLEE. 
 
 Christmas Eve, 1901.
 
 Table of Contents 
 
 CHAPTER I. PAGE. 
 
 Brief Historical Account of the Beginnings of a Washington 
 
 Cathedral 19 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 The Cathedral Foundation of SS. Peter and Paul 26 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 The Cathedral Close and Its Situation 41 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 The Cathedral Organization 45 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 The Object and Purpose of the Washington Cathedral .... 54 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 The Cathedral as a Witness for Jesus Christ and the Historic 
 
 Church 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 The Cathedral as a Witness for Historic American Memories . 72 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 The Cathedral of a Free Church in a Free State 76 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 The Cathedral Building 81 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 The Financial Outlook . 85
 
 Rt. Rev. Thomas John Claggett, D. D. 
 
 First Bishop of Maryland 
 
 Rt. Rev. William Paret, D. D., LL. D. 
 
 Present Bishop of Maryland
 
 THE BEGINNINGS OP THE CATHEDRAL. 19 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Brief Historical Account of the Beginnings 
 of a Washington Cathedral. 
 
 THE origin of the city of Washington was due to 
 causes directly connected with the government of 
 the new-born country created by the Declaration of In- 
 dependence of 1776. Though Philadelphia, New York, 
 Baltimore and other places proffered a home for the 
 President, Congress, and Supreme Court of this new 
 nation of the world, it was felt that the local interests and 
 associations of any one of the thirteen States were too 
 strong, and the general government of the United States 
 too weak, to accept such offers. And in 1791 Congress 
 decreed that, after ten years, the government should 
 be removed to that " Federal District" of ten square 
 miles which had been given for its exclusive use by the 
 States of Virginia and Maryland. The different rea- 
 sons which led to this decision, the conflicting inter- 
 ests which it reconciled, and the various compromises 
 which brought it about, form a story of deep interest, 
 which every American should read. 
 
 Thus, from its very beginning, the capital of the 
 United States was identified with interests and influ- 
 ences, associations and traditions of the general govern- 
 ment, and in a way which makes its history stand abso- 
 lutely unique in the annals of all national capitals. Like
 
 20 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 that government itself, its capital city is created by the 
 people and for the people. Whatever other interests have 
 been founded or institutions planted in Washington 
 whether religious or educational, commercial or finan- 
 cial they have all come in subsequent days, and as a 
 result of those beneficent influences which are safe- 
 guarded by the Constitution of the United States. In 
 proportion as the country at large has been blessed, so 
 has its capital been blessed. In proportion as the 
 country has grown, in exactly such ratio has the popula- 
 tion of its capital increased. In proportion as the best 
 influences of religion and education, of science and art 
 are enriching the life of the people at large, in such 
 proportion are they enriching and finding a centre in 
 the life of its capital. 
 
 When the Congress of the United States determined 
 in 1791 that the " Federal City" as it was then called,* 
 should be the future capital of the United States, 
 President Washington employed Major 1'Enfant, a 
 French architect, to lay out the plan of the city, and 
 among other buildings, there was to be a great church 
 
 * In answer to many inquiries as to how the name of the 
 city of Washington originated, and how so modest and retiring 
 a leader as Washington allowed it to be called after himself, the 
 following facts may be of interest: At first the only names 
 by which the capital of the country was known were "the 
 Federal District" and "the Federal City." But the feeling 
 kept growing stronger and stronger that such abstract names 
 were too impersonal to evoke interest, consequently, in September, 
 1791, the three Commissioners of the District met to consider 
 this matter and invited Mr. James Madison and Mr. Thomas 
 Jefferson to join them. When the meeting was over, they 
 announced that the name of the Federal District was henceforth 
 to be "the District of Columbia" and that of the Federal City 
 " the City of Washington."
 
 THE BEGINNINGS OF THE CATHEDRAL. 21 
 
 on a selected site, not far from the City Hall. Major 
 1'Enfant's words are as follows : 
 
 " A church (should be erected) for national purposes, 
 such as public prayer, thanksgiving, funeral orations, 
 etc.; and be assigned to the special use of no particular 
 denomination or sect ; but be equally open to all. It 
 will likewise be a shelter far such monuments as were 
 voted by the last Continental Congress for the heroes 
 who fell in the cause of liberty." 
 
 But, of course, the erection of such a church was 
 found to be impossible, in a land where Church and 
 state are irrevocably separated ; and therefore, nothing 
 was, or could be, done in this direction. The idea was 
 therefore abandoned and the chosen site was afterward 
 appropriated to the erection of the present Patent 
 Office. 
 
 About that same time Mr. Joseph Nourse was 
 appointed by President Washington as First Registrar 
 of the Treasury. He was not only one of the first 
 civil officers of the Government, and the personal 
 friend of the father of our country, but a deeply relig- 
 ious man. His residence was within the boundaries 
 of the Federal District. Like some of the old Hebrew 
 patriarchs, he was wont to find a sanctuary of God in 
 the hill overlooking the city, and to retire for seclu- 
 sion and communion with God under the gothic arches 
 of the wood on Mount Alban, where he lived. It was 
 his constant prayer so runs the tradition which has 
 been handed down that, at some future day, a church 
 should be built on this self-same hill, which should 
 stand as a witness for Jesus Christ and His Gospel.
 
 22 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Little did he then realise the way in which this prayer 
 was to be answered. 
 
 Years after he had gone to his rest the old residence 
 ou Mount Alban was sold and changed into St. John's 
 Church School for Boys. An upper room of this 
 school was fitted up by the Principal, the Rev. Mr. Ten 
 Broeck, as a chapel ; and here the granddaughter of 
 Joseph Nourse came, year after year, to teach 
 Sunday School, until her health failed. After her 
 death, in 1850, a small box was found containing 
 forty gold dollars the proceeds of her needlework as 
 an invalid and on its cover were inscribed the words : 
 11 For a free church on Alban hill" A fund was then 
 started to build ; the boys of St. John's School dug the 
 foundation, and three or four years afterwards, St. 
 Alban's, the first free church in the District of Colum- 
 bia, was completed. From that day, for fifty years, 
 without the omission of a single Sunday's service, that 
 church has remained there, with open doors, conse- 
 crating the site with its prayers and its eucharists ; 
 and again and again, the surrounding property would 
 have been purchased for secular purposes had not this 
 little sanctuary of God stood there, like a sentinel, 
 guarding it from all but sacred uses. 
 
 During the Civil War the Rev. John H. Chew, a 
 grandson of Bishop Claggett, was called to be Rector, 
 and from 1861 to 1865, St. Alban's Church was fre- 
 quently used as a hospital for the Union Army, but, 
 strange to say, this did not cause the interruption of a 
 single Sunday's service ; in fact, for year after year 
 during that eventful period, the uniformed soldiers
 
 Saint Alban's Church, A. D. 1855
 
 THE BEGINNINGS OF THE CATHEDRAL. 23 
 
 themselves with their officers formed the greater part 
 of the church congregation?. 
 
 After the war was over, at a meeting of the clergy 
 which was being held in St. Alban's the subject of a 
 new diocese of Washington was earnestly debated. 
 When the meeting adjourned the celebrated rector of 
 the Church of the Epiphany, Dr. Charles H. Hall, 
 said : " This new diocese sooner or later will and must 
 be created. And when it does come," said he, stretch- 
 ing his hand toward the beautiful prospect of the city 
 of Washington, " this must be the site of its Cathe- 
 dral." 
 
 But the idea of the Cathedral preceded that of the 
 diocese. Other Christian bodies have laid the founda- 
 tions of such great schools of learning as the Ameri- 
 can University of the Methodists, the Catholic Uni- 
 versity of the Romanists, and the Columbian University 
 of the Baptists, but it was left for our own Church to 
 make the first move in this direction. Under such 
 circumstances and traditions, associations and memo- 
 ries, it was fitting that she should fill a real need and 
 build a great House of Prayer for all people in the 
 capital of our country. 
 
 The first impulse was given by a proposed donation 
 of property, valued at $70,000, from Miss Elizabeth 
 Mann, to be an endowment for the support of a 
 Cathedral Foundation in the District of Columbia. 
 The Right Rev. Dr. William Paret, Bishop of Mary- 
 land, who had always seen the need of a Cathedral 
 in the capital of the country, now felt that the 
 way was opened for the practical realisation of this
 
 24 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 long cherished aim, and, throwing himself heartily 
 into the project, he used his great influence in 
 its behalf. Several consultations were held between 
 the Bishop, the Rev. Dr. George William Douglas, 
 Rector of S. John's Church, Washington, and Mr. 
 Charles C. Glover, the President of the Riggs Bank, 
 all of whom were not only equally interested in the 
 building of a Cathedral, but were willing to take the 
 initiative in the movement. The first memorable meet- 
 ing was held at the residence of Mr. Glover, and most of 
 those who are now trustees of the Cathedral Board 
 were present. Bishop Paret presided and made the 
 opening address ; there was a full discussion, and the 
 plan was carefully outlined. After this, further steps 
 were taken, proposed forms of procedure were adopted 
 and submitted to the Bishop of Maryland for his 
 approval and revision ; and the whole subject of a 
 Cathedral Foundation was most carefully considered 
 before the final steps were taken. 
 
 On January 6, 1893, a Protestant Episcopal Cathedral 
 Foundation was created by Act of Congress, and it may 
 be an inspiring memory, for all future time, that the 
 charter of the Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul was thus 
 granted, and this great Mission Church for all people 
 founded, on the ancient Feast Day of the Epiphany ; 
 that great missionary anniversary of the Church 
 which commemorates the manifestation of Christ to 
 the Gentiles. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Douglas, with the valuable cooperation 
 of Senator Edmunds of Vermont, after painstaking and 
 diligent labors, which should never be forgotten, drew
 
 Rev. George William Douglas, D. D. 
 
 First Dean of the Cathedral 
 
 Gen. John G. Parke, U. S. A. 
 
 Alexander T. Britton, Esq. 
 
 First Secretary of the BtKird of Cathedral Trustees Trustee of the Cathedral Foundation
 
 THE BEGINNINGS OF THE CATHEDRAL. 25 
 
 up the " Constitution and Statutes " of the Cathedral 
 Foundation. A Board of Trustees was elected : Dr. 
 Douglas was chosen Dean and Chancellor of the Cathe- 
 dral. In addition to the property so generously offered 
 by Miss Maun to the Cathedral Foundation, others 
 promised to remember it in bequests, and the work 
 was prosecuted so energetically and enthusiastically 
 that public interest was soon aroused. 
 
 The next question that came up was that of a suit- 
 able site for the Cathedral. While Mount Saint Alban 
 was not only the most beautiful and majestic situation 
 in the whole District of Columbia for the coming 
 Cathedral, and in that northwestern direction, where, 
 in the judgement of all, the growth of the future city 
 would be most rapid, there were no funds on hand 
 wherewith to purchase this valuable and unique site. 
 An offer of the Chevy Chase Land Company, therefore, 
 to donate several acres of land in the same neighbor- 
 hood providing buildings costing $500,000, within 
 the next ten years, were erected was gratefully 
 accepted, and about the same time Mrs. Hearst 
 generously volunteered to erect a school building for 
 the education of girls.
 
 26 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 The Cathedral Foundation of SS. Peter and 
 
 Paul. 
 
 In the meantime, the old idea that the Diocese of 
 Maryland should be divided, and that Washington 
 should be made the See City of a new Diocese, had 
 been rapidly gaining ground. Bishop Paret himself 
 proposed and strongly advocated the measure in the 
 Diocesan Convention. This started the movement, 
 and the Rev. Dr. Randolph H. McKim of Epiphany 
 Church, Washington, not only became one of the 
 recognized leaders in its behalf, but, through his own 
 personal exertions, raised the amount necessary for the 
 endowment of a Diocese of Washington. But a similar 
 amount had to be raised for the old Diocese, and the 
 movement would have come to a standstill had it not 
 been for a most unexpected event, bringing help 
 in a way which cannot but be looked upon as provi- 
 dential. The helping hand was stretched out from the 
 mother Diocese of Maryland. A meeting had been 
 called for a certain day, not only to consider what 
 progress had been made, but, also, to report that the 
 efforts already put forth had failed to secure the sum 
 adequate for the endowment of the old Diocese. At this 
 meeting the Bishop of Maryland appeared and stated 
 that that very morning he had been officially notified 
 regarding a large legacy just left by a deceased citizen
 
 Arms of the Diocese of Washington 
 
 The motto beneath the shield is the Anglican 
 Basis for Church Unity set forth first at Chicago 
 and afterwards at Iambeth
 
 THE CATHEDRAL OI 1 SS. 1>ETER AND PAUL. 27 
 
 of Baltimore to the whole Diocese of Maryland ; and 
 that, though a third of this belonged to the projected 
 Diocese, the remainder was sufficient to complete the 
 endowment fund. 
 
 The Diocese of Washington was created by the Gen- 
 eral Convention which met at Minneapolis shortly 
 afterwards.* Before the ending of that same year, 
 
 *The Diocese of Washington comprises the District of Columbia 
 and the following four Counties of the State of Maryland : Mont- 
 gomery, Prince George's, Charles and St. Mary's. It is about one 
 hundred and thirty miles long by about twenty or twenty-five 
 wide. At the time of the division it contained about 92 clergy, 
 49 parishes, and 30 mission chapels, about equally divided between 
 city and country. Many of these parishes are over two hundred 
 years old, as can be seen by such old historic names, as " William 
 and Mary," " Prince George," " Queen Ann," " Kings and Queens," 
 " King George's " Parishes, etc. 
 
 It may also be of interest to note here that the Seal of the Diocese 
 of Washington, while it bears a resemblance to the Arms of the 
 Country, is also full of religious and symbolic meaning. The Arms of 
 the Diocese consist of a Shield impaled : On the dexter side, 
 Jerusalem Cross (or) in an azure field : On the sinister side, Arms 
 of George Washington, viz, three mullets ( gules ) in chief with two 
 bars (gules) on a field (argent); a Mural Crown (argent) is blazoned 
 on the upper bar, as the heraldic emblem of a city. 
 
 Symbol ically, the Arms represent that great principle of the 
 Incarnation the union of the spiritual and the natural. The 
 Jerusalem Cross, on the right or spiritual side of the Shield, signi- 
 fies that our Church traces her lineage back, not to England or 
 Rome, but to that Holy City where Christ was crucified and rose 
 again from the dead. It is traditionally said that these five crosses 
 represent the five wounds of Christ crucified, though other explana- 
 tions of the Jerusalem Cross have also been given. The left, or 
 secular side of the Shield, appropriately contains the Arms of 
 Washington, not only because the capital of the country is named 
 from him, but for a deeper reason. The only connection between 
 Church and State that ever is, or should be, recognized in our 
 free country is in each individual man, who is, at one and the 
 same time, a citizen of the United States and a citizen of the King- 
 dom of Heaven. It is to be hoped that our Church shall ever 
 stand true as a witness for this principle. She could have no 
 higher inspiration in so doing than the life and example of that 
 revered and illustrious churchman whose Arms are blazoned on 
 her Shield and who is known to all as " the Father of His Country." 
 
 There are other interesting symbolic meanings in the Arms of 
 the Diocese but these will suffice to show why they were adopted.
 
 '28 *HE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 1895, the present Bishop was elected, and one of the 
 first burdens laid upon him was the building up of 
 t'uit Protestant Episcopal Cathedral Foundation in the 
 capital of the country, the plans and projects of which 
 had been shaping themselves more and more definitely 
 for so many years. 
 
 It was now found that the site donated by the Chevy 
 Chase Land Company even with the addition of 
 adjoining lots, which had been acquired by purchase 
 was entirely inadequate for a Cathedral Foundation 
 which was to stand and grow through all coming time. 
 Shortly afterwards, it was discovered that the Mount 
 Saint Alban property could probably be obtained ; but, 
 alas ! there were no funds in hand wherewith to pur- 
 chase it, for the property originally given by Miss 
 Maun, but not yet transferred, was so incumbered by 
 mortgage and taxes that, at her own request, the 
 trust was cancelled. 
 
 These were the darkest of all the days of the Cathe- 
 dral Foundation. For a year the Board of Trustees 
 had to carry a very heavy burden and face a despair- 
 ing outlook. They had, on the one hand, to bear the 
 responsibility of planting a Cathedral Foundation 
 which would represent the life and work of the Episco- 
 pal Church in the capital of the country ; and, on 
 the other, to do this, without substantial aid or 
 support from the Church at large. Every intelligent 
 churchman felt the need and importance of the Cathe- 
 dral of Washington ; yet no one proffered the material 
 and financial help necessary to carry the project into 
 effect.
 
 THE CATHEDRAL OF SS. PETER AND PAUL. 29 
 
 It was at this juncture that Senator Edmunds of 
 Vermont wrote the following letter to the Bishop of 
 Washington : 
 
 1724. Spruce Street, 
 PHILADELPHIA, January 25tli> 1898. 
 MY DEAR BISHOP : 
 
 I was very glad to be present at the meeting of the 
 Cathedral Board at your house the other day, and to 
 hear your clear statement of the situation. 
 
 If our brother Churchmen in every part of the coun- 
 try especially those blessed with abundant means 
 could only realise the state of things, as you and I see 
 it and know it, there would be, I am sure, no want of 
 the material resources necessary to carry on the work 
 with all the rapidity of which it is capable. 
 
 The Capital of this great Nation is necessarily the 
 pivotal point of national religious, as well as political, 
 progress on the continent. 
 
 The astute and far-seeing authorities of Rome have 
 seen it, and have established their headquarters at 
 Washington, with a delegated authority that locates an 
 almost dual Vatican in the District of Columbia, and 
 thence conducts its propaganda in every part of the 
 country, and exerts its powerful influence in every 
 direction. 
 
 Our Church, the real lineal and historical descendant 
 and successor of the primitive Apostolic Church, seems 
 to fail to see our duty and our opportunity to establish 
 our Protestant National Cathedral Foundation in the 
 same central sphere of influence, with the worship, the 
 schools, the theological seminaries and the missionary 
 work that are included in the idea and charter of our 
 Cathedral Foundation. 
 
 I do most earnestly hope that our brethren every- 
 where may be Jed to understand the very great importr
 
 30 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 ance of the work at Washington, and help to the 
 utmost of their abilities to carry it on. 
 
 Yesterday has gone ; to-morrow is always to-morrow ; 
 to-day is the time for action. 
 
 Very faithfully yours, 
 
 GEO. F. EDMUNDS. 
 
 After prolonged and careful consideration the Cathe- 
 dral Board determined to sell the old site and to buy 
 the Mount Saint Alban property, if funds could be 
 raised sufficient for the purchase. The emergency was 
 great, the need of prompt action was urgent, the 
 opportunity was fleeting and would soon have passed 
 away, had not generous friends of the Cathedral 
 now come forward to proffer assistance. Twenty-five 
 thousand dollars were offered by Mrs. Percy R. Pyne, 
 of New York, and $15,000 by Miss Bessie J. Kibbey, of 
 Washington. These were the first and largest contrib- 
 utors toward the purchase of the Cathedral land. 
 The next was Miss M. W. Bruce, of New York ; then 
 others, among whom were Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan, 
 Messrs. Cornelius and William K. Vanderbilt, Mrs. 
 Thomas Nelson Page, Mrs. Woerishoffer, and Mr. R. 
 Fulton Cutting, swelled the amount to a sufficient sum 
 to secure this property, leaving a large mortgage ; and, 
 on September 7, 1898, it became the possession of the 
 Cathedral Board. 
 
 Since that time, with the active and energetic 
 cooperation of Mr. Charles C. Glover, President of the 
 Riggs National Bank, one of the first members of the 
 Board of Trustees, and with the help of the Cathedral 
 Committees in Philadelphia, New York, Boston, New-
 
 e 
 
 D 
 
 
 
 I
 
 THE CATHEDRAL OF SS. PETER AND PAUL. 31 
 
 port and Washington, the Bishop has been able to raise 
 sufficient funds, not only to pay the interest on the 
 mortgage, and taxes from that day to this, but also 
 largely to reduce the mortgage itself. General Parke, 
 Colonel Truesdell, Rev. Dr. Mackay-Smith, Messrs. 
 Kasson, Hyde, Bell, Stevens, Boardmau and Lowndes, 
 and other Washingtonians generously assisted in this 
 effort. 
 
 In October, 1898 about a month after the Cathedral 
 land was bought the General Convention met in 
 Washington, and on the Sunday before its adjourn- 
 ment, in the presence of the late President of the United 
 States and the members of both Houses of the Conven- 
 tion, a Peace Cross, given by a Churchman of New 
 York, was unveiled, which commemorates the ending 
 of the war between Spain and the United States.* 
 
 At this, the first service of the Cathedral of SS. Peter 
 and Paul, our martyred President, William McKiiiley, 
 said : 
 
 " I appreciate the very great privilege, extended to 
 me through its bishops and laymen, of participating 
 with this ancient Church, in this new sowing for the 
 Master and for man. Every undertaking like this, for 
 the promotion of religion, morality and education is 
 a distinct and positive gain to citizenship, to morality 
 and to civilization. 
 
 For this sacred enterprise, through you, its originators 
 and promoters, I wish the highest influence and the 
 widest usefulness, both in the immediate present and 
 in all the years to come." 
 
 * In the accompanying picture of the Peace Cross Service, the 
 central figure is that of President McKinley ; at his right are 
 Bishop Satterlee, Bishop Dudley and Dr. Dix ; on his left are 
 Bishop Doane, Bishop Whipple and Bishop McLaren.
 
 32 THE BUILDING OP A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 This brief address of Mr. McKinley, so descrip- 
 tive of the work of the Cathedral, adapted itself, with 
 a few verbal alterations, to liturgical form ; and it has 
 been used ever since, after the manner of an opening 
 exhortation, at every laying of a corner-stone, opening 
 of a new building, or similar service, on the Cathedral 
 Close. 
 
 On the next day, at the meeting of the General 
 Convention, on motion of the Bishops of Delaware 
 and New York, the following resolution was passed : 
 
 BY THE HOUSE OF BISHOPS. 
 
 Resolved, That the members of this House express 
 to the Bishop of Washington their earnest congratula- 
 tions upon the happy inauguration of his Cathedral 
 project, and their hearty prayers for God's continued 
 and abundant blessings upon this part of his impor- 
 tant work." 
 
 On the same day the House of Clerical and Lay 
 Deputies took corresponding action and, on motion of 
 the Rev. Dr. H. W. Nelson, passed the following reso- 
 lution : 
 
 BY THE HOUSE OF DEPUTIES. 
 
 Resolved, That this House, mindful of yesterday's 
 noble and most impressive service of the unveiling of 
 the Cross of Peace on the Cathedral grounds of Saint 
 Peter and Saint Paul, gives joy to the Bishop of Wash- 
 ington for this formal and felicitous beginning of his 
 great Cathedral work, in the success of which the 
 whole Church will share, and in the doing of which 
 the whole Church might well assist, and renders thanks 
 to God that through the influence of the Christian 
 faith, the old war cross, always a sign of war an<} desor
 
 - 
 
 Bishop Claggett's Tombstone 
 
 (From The Peace Cross Book, Copyrighted 1899, by Robert Howard Russell)
 
 THE CATHEDRAL OF SS. PETER AND PAUL. 33 
 
 lation, is being more and more supplanted by Christ's 
 blessed cross of peace. 
 
 Resolved, That this House recognizes with pleasure 
 the presence of the President of the United States at 
 the ceremonies of the unveiling of the cross, and thanks 
 him for the kindly and generous words he uttered. 
 
 Before the closing of that same General Convention 
 the House of Bishops, on a motion of the Bishop of 
 Kentucky, which was seconded by the Bishop of Los 
 Angeles, passed the following memorable resolution : 
 
 WHEREAS, It has been represented to some of the 
 Bishops attending this session of the General Conven- 
 tion, that the grave of the first Bishop of Maryland, 
 the Rt. Rev. Thomas John Claggett, is not guarded by 
 a monument appropriate to perpetuate the memory of 
 a man who bore such relation to the very beginnings 
 of our Ecclesiastical life ; and 
 
 WHEREAS, There is eminent propriety that his 
 remains should rest near the precincts of the Cathedral 
 of SS. Peter and Paul in this city ; therefore, 
 
 Resolved, That a committee of five bishops* shall be 
 appointed by this House to whom shall be entrusted 
 the work of raising a sufficient fund to provide for the 
 removal and reinterment of the remains at such place 
 as may be agreed upon in consultation with the Bishop 
 of Washington, and the erection of a monument fitting 
 to mark the grave of this Father of our Church, the 
 first Bishop consecrated on the American continent. 
 
 The Right Rev. Dr. Claggett, the first Bishop of 
 Maryland, will ever stand forth as an historic charac- 
 ter in the annals of our American Church, not only 
 
 * The committee appointed were the Bishop of West Virginia, 
 the Bishop of Kentucky, the Bishop of Maryland, the Bishop of 
 Massachusetts, and the Bishop of Washington.
 
 34 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 from the fact that he was the first Bishop of any 
 branch of the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic 
 Church ever consecrated in America, but also because 
 he was the only Bishop of our own Church in whom 
 the Scotch succession secured by Bishop Seabury was 
 continued and handed down to those Bishops who 
 came afterward. 
 
 In addition to this, Bishop Claggett was the first 
 Chaplain of the Senate of the United States after the 
 Government removed to Washington, and when he 
 died in 1816, Francis Scott Key, the author of "The 
 Star Spangled Banner," wrote the epitaph engraved 
 upon his tombstone. 
 
 In accordance with the resolution of the House of 
 Bishops, and with the consent of the family of the 
 deceased prelate, the remains of Bishop Claggett and 
 his wife were translated from the graveyard at Croom, 
 and, on All Saints' Day, 1898, in the presence not only 
 of the Bishop and many of the clergy of the Diocese 
 of Washington, but also of a large number of Dr. 
 Claggett's lineal descendants, the two coffins were rev- 
 erently laid in a vault specially built to receive them 
 beneath the chancel of St. Alban's Church, where 
 they will repose until the canopied tomb decreed by 
 the resolution of the House of Bishops is erected in the 
 future Cathedral itself.* 
 
 Events now began to move more rapidly. Mrs. 
 Phcebe A. Hearst generously increased the amount 
 
 * For a more detailed account of all these events, the reader is 
 referred to " The Peace Cross Book." Among the pages of this 
 little book will be found a vivid description of the memorable 
 Peace Cross Service itself from the pen of the distinguished author, 
 Mr. Thomas Nelson Page.
 
 Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst
 
 THE CATHEDRAL OF SS. PETER AND PAUL. 35 
 
 she had donated from $175,000 to $200,000, and 
 founded the Cathedral School for Girls. 
 
 Competitive designs from prominent architects were 
 presented. That of Mr. R. W. Gibson, of New York, 
 was unanimously selected by the Board of Trustees and 
 approved by Mrs. Hearst herself. Few, if any church 
 boards, have among its members such a skilled build- 
 ing committee as the Cathedral of Washington possessed 
 in General John M.Wilson, Chief of Engineers, U. S. A. ; 
 the Hon. George Truesdell, Commissioner of the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia, and Mr. Alexander T. Britton. 
 Under the supervision of these, the beautiful and 
 stately Cathedral School for Girls (the gift of Mrs. 
 Hearst) was erected at the northwest corner of the 
 Cathedral Close.* Through the thoughtful liber- 
 ality of Miss Matilda W. Bruce, of New York, who 
 contributed $20,000 for the purpose, it was equipped 
 and furnished. On October 1, 1900, it was opened 
 with Miss L. A. Bangs and Miss Mary B. Whiton, as 
 principals. And, already, under their successful leader- 
 ship and administration it has achieved for itself a 
 place among the foremost educational institutions for 
 girls in the United States. 
 
 The large assembly room of this school has been 
 named " St. Hilda's Hall," after the celebrated woman, 
 whose life and literary efforts were such an inspiration, 
 so many centuries ago, to English scholarship, and Sir 
 Charles Strickland has kindly sent the keystone of an 
 ancient arch, to be called the " Hilda stone," from the 
 
 * Mr. Adolph Cluss was the Supervising Architect during its 
 construction and not a little is due to his able and conscientious 
 cooperation.
 
 36 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 ruins of St. Hilda's Abbey, at Whitby, that " cradle of 
 all English literature," and placed in St. Hilda's Hall. 
 
 A gift of even greater historic interest has come 
 across the ocean to the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. 
 Paul from the mother church of England, and it 
 came in this way : 
 
 The last great service of the Lambeth Conference 
 of 1897 took place in the ruins of the ancient Abbey 
 church of St. Peter and St. Paul at Glastonbury. It 
 was a scene which none who were present can ever 
 forget, not only on account of its rural beauty, but of 
 the associations reaching back to the days when Chris- 
 tianity was first established in ancient Britain and, 
 perhaps, as tradition has it, to those of Joseph of 
 Arimathea himself. Whether this tradition, and those 
 which cluster around King Arthur and his court are 
 true or not, Glastonbury was the ancient Avallon ; and 
 an old Saxon church stood here long before the reign 
 of William the Conqueror. In after times the Abbey 
 was rebuilt, again and again, and the old stones were 
 incorporated in each new structure, until the last one 
 was erected, about the times of Richard Coeur de Leon 
 and the wars of the Crusades. 
 
 It was at this Lambeth Conference Service that the 
 Bishop of Washington for the first time met Mr. Stan- 
 ley Austin, the owner of Glastonbury Abbey. Since 
 that day, Mr. Austin and the people of Glastonbury 
 have taken deep interest in the Washington Cathe- 
 dral ; and in the year 1900, twenty carved stones of 
 the old Abbey church of SS. Peter and Paul were 
 sent, as a gift "from the churchmen of Glastonbury to
 
 THE CATHEDRAL OF S3. PETER AND PAUL. 37 
 
 the churchTnen of America," for the Cathedral church 
 of SS. Peter and Paul in the capital of the United 
 States ; to be shaped into a bishop's chair, which was 
 named by a well-known historian (the Rt. Rev'd Dr. 
 G. F. Browne, Lord Bishop of Bristol) " the Glaston- 
 bury Cathedra." This ancient and historic monument 
 will stand for all coining time as a witness of the con- 
 tinuity in America, of that Apostolic ministry which 
 England derived from the Apostolic church herself. 
 Through the generous cooperation of a public-spirited 
 American, who is deeply interested in the Cathedral 
 of Washington, this Cathedra has now been com- 
 pleted. It is to be seen to-day erected on the site 
 of the future Cathedral, and in addition to these 
 other associations, upon which we have been dwelling, 
 there is one more which adds to it no little interest in 
 American eyes. Though no one can tell how ancient 
 these stones may be ; though some of them, if they 
 could cry out, might tell of scenes which occurred 
 even in Apostolic days, one thing is certain : they all 
 reach back to the times of the Magna Charta ; and from 
 the walls of God's House of Prayer they must have 
 echoed back the voices of some of those great religious 
 leaders who signed that charter of all English liberties 
 which proclaimed that the Church of God in England 
 must henceforth be free forever. 
 
 The next offering to the Cathedral in the capital 
 of the United States was from a different quarter. It was 
 not from the Church of England, but has been given 
 from the dioceses and missionary jurisdictions of our 
 own Church in America. On June 29, 1901 the 
 ancient S. Peter and S. Paul's Day of the early
 
 38 THE BUILDING OP A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Church by a happy coincidence, there arrived twelve 
 large blocks of marble, taken from those very " quarries 
 of Solomon" at Jerusalem from which the stones of 
 Solomon's Temple were hewn. * Interesting, however, as 
 such associations are, they are eclipsed by another which 
 is far more sacred. These mizzi helu stones, as they 
 are called in Palestine, were taken from that sacred 
 locality " without the gate " or second wall of Jerusa- 
 lem, and "nigh unto the city," where a skull-shaped 
 hill is to be seen to-day, which is now generally 
 believed to be " the place called Calvary." Those who 
 stood over the place, whence these stones were hewn, 
 could have viewed the procession toward Calvary, heard 
 the cries, " Crucify Him, Crucify Him" and, without 
 doubt, (had there been no intervening obstacle) could 
 have witnessed the crucifixion, burial and resurrection 
 of Christ. In coming time, no memory amongst the 
 many of the beginnings of the Washington Cathedral 
 will be more hallowed than the remembrance that the 
 first stone of the Cathedral was this Jerusalem altar, 
 hewn from the sacred quarry, and given by the 
 different dioceses of our own Church. 
 
 The altar itself is four square in shape, with no other 
 ornamentation than those simple Bible verses which 
 record the crucifixion, entombment, resurrection and 
 ascension of our blessed Lord ; the incised letters of 
 which, catch and reflect the lights and shadows, and 
 seem, at a distance, like fretwork tracery. It is inter- 
 
 * The first suggestion regarding these altar stones came from Mr. 
 Herbert E. Clark, when the Bishop of Washington met him in 
 Paris, in the summer of 1900. It was only through Mr. Clark's 
 unwearied and persevering cooperation that the plan was finally 
 achieved. The two photographic views of these stones were 
 kindly taken by Dr. Selah Merrill, U. S. Consul at Jerusalem.
 
 THE CATHEDRAL OP SS. PETER AND PAUL. 39 
 
 esting to note in the Old Testament, how the idea of 
 worship, as symbolized by the altars of Abraham, Isaac 
 and Jacob, preceded that of the House of Prayer itself, 
 and how the altar of the Temple was erected before 
 the Temple itself was built. In the history of the 
 Cathedral of Washington, the same kind of religious 
 continuity has been preserved. 
 
 But while the central act of all Christian worship is 
 the Lord's Supper, there are other forms of divine 
 worship needful, especially for those who are not com- 
 municants of the Church, nay, who oftentimes are very 
 far from being even ordinary church-goers ; and during 
 the summer of 1901, open-air mission services on the 
 Cathedral grounds have been held on Sunday after- 
 noons. An amphitheatre-like formation on the very 
 site of the future Cathedral readily adapted itself to 
 such services. A rustic open-air chancel and pulpit 
 were erected beneath the trees for the " People's Even- 
 song." White robed choirs sang simple familiar 
 chants and hymns, led by a musical band, and plain 
 gospel sermons were preached to the crowds who 
 gathered beneath the shade trees or reclined on the 
 hillsides, sometimes to the number of two thousand. 
 The whole scene in effect was a vivid reminder of New 
 Testament times ; and thus a Cathedral congregation, 
 chiefly of non-church-goers, has been gathered before 
 the Cathedral itself is built. 
 
 Meanwhile the little neighboring church of St. 
 Alban has been enlarged to double its former capacity 
 to accommodate the ever-growing number of persons 
 who attend it, one hundred of whom come from the 
 Cathedral School itself.
 
 40 THE BUILDING OP A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 And now, in this winter of 1901-1902, a " Little 
 Sanctuary " is being erected, at the All Hallows gate of 
 the future Cathedral, facing Massachusetts avenue on 
 the south. The building of this little chapel on the 
 Cathedral site, where Communion Services and Quiet 
 Hours may be held, has been rendered possible by the 
 children of the late Mrs. Percy R. Pyne, in remem- 
 brance of her interest in the Cathedral of Washington. 
 In this Little Sanctuary will be placed the Glastonbury 
 Cathedra and also the Jerusalem Altar, there to repose 
 until the great Cathedral is built. 
 
 Thus, in addition to the open-air mission services 
 there will be also the Cathedral Eucharists at the 
 Cathedral altar, and a celebration on the Lord's Day 
 of the Lord's Supper, the one service of public worship 
 which the Lord Himself ordained. 
 
 At the southeast corner of the Little Sanctuary the 
 observer may behold " the Glastonbury thorn," the 
 gift of Mr. Stanley Austin, and an offshoot from the 
 celebrated thorn tree with which so many legends are 
 connected. 
 
 It is hoped that, at an early day, an ice-water 
 fountain may be erected in the vicinity of All Hallows 
 gate, for the use of the congregations which come to 
 the Open Air Services on Sunday afternoons in the 
 warm summer time. And it may be of interest to 
 state here that much of the carved stone work of this 
 proposed fountain, as well as the pillars, window 
 mullions and corbels of the Little Sanctuary, once 
 formed a part of the beautiful Academy of Design, 
 which for fifty years stood on Twenty-third street in 
 New York.
 
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 O 
 
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 THE CATHEDRAL CLOSE AND ITS SITUATION. 41 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 The Cathedral Close and Its Situation. 
 
 It has often been objected that the site chosen is too 
 far from the crowded city for a Cathedral. This point 
 was carefully considered. The position of the principal 
 European cathedrals, the growth of American cities, 
 and the development of Washington itself (which has 
 increased four hundred per cent, in forty years) were 
 all borne in mind. Most cities begin in the valley, 
 near the water courses ; they afterwards climb to the 
 surround ing hills and, unless there are grave hindrances, 
 their development is generally westward. In the city 
 of Washington there are special reasons for such 
 growth towards the heights on the west. For the wide 
 Anacostia river lies on the east, and the wider Potomac 
 on the south, while the large Rock Creek Park and 
 Soldiers Home occupy hundreds of acres on the north. 
 This fact was realised many years ago and consequently, 
 Massachusetts avenue, the broad thoroughfare which 
 runs past the Capitol to the northwest, was laid out as 
 a principal street of the city, with parklike " circles " 
 and statues, at the points of intersection with the other 
 great avenues. 
 
 At the place where it crosses the deep gulf of Rock 
 Creek there has been erected a massive stone bridge or 
 viaduct with a roadway over it, half again as wide as 
 any avenue in the city of New York, and an appro- 
 priation has recently been made by Congress to cover
 
 42 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 this whole street with asphalt pavement, at least, as 
 far ns Wisconsin avenue. It is at the crossing 
 of these two avenues that the Cathedral Close 
 stands. In distance it is about as far from the Treas- 
 ury Building, as Westminister Abbey is from the Bank 
 of England in London, or as Washington Square is 
 from Central Park gate in New York, and it is only 
 twenty minutes' drive from the White House the pres- 
 ent centre of the city of Washington. Again, while 
 Massachusetts avenue is destined to be the street 
 whereon the residences of the wealthy are, and will be, 
 erected, Wisconsin or Georgetown avenue, on the 
 contrary, is already being rapidly built up with houses 
 which, until it comes to the neighborhood of the 
 Cathedral and Cleveland Park, are of an humbler 
 class ; and, here as elsewhere, electric tram car lines 
 are a new force in modern civilization which develop 
 new conditions in the growth of large cities. Thus, 
 as it were, two tides of population are trending 
 toward that neighborhood where the great Cathe- 
 dral will one day stand ; and such is its import- 
 ance in the estimation of the present residents that 
 they have formed a " Cathedral Heights Association " 
 to watch and care for the improvements in that part 
 of West Washington. Though the Cathedral itself will 
 stand on a plateau nearly four hundred feet above the 
 Potomac and the Washington Monument, the ascent 
 along Massachusetts avenue is so gradual (five feet in 
 a hundred) that no one realises how great it is, until 
 the carriage enters the Cathedral grounds. And then, 
 looking through the massive archway of All Hallows
 
 Map of West Washington 
 
 (Showing Electric Street Car l.incs)
 
 THE CATHEDRAL CLOSE AND ITS SITUATION. 43 
 
 Gate, the wonderful view suddenly bursts upon the 
 gaze. There lies the whole city of Washington slum- 
 bering in the sunshine beneath, like Florence from 
 San Miniato. The central object is the white dome 
 of the Capitol rising against the distant blue hills 
 of Maryland. At the right is the slender shaft of 
 the Washington Monument, and behind, like a broad 
 silver ribbon, the winding Potomac glistens in the sun. 
 
 The Cathedral Close, at present, is covered with oaks 
 and other forest trees. Where St. John's School once 
 was, there are the remains of a garden in which stands 
 a venerable box tree planted by Thomas Jefferson. At 
 the northwest corner, near Woodley road, is the Cathe- 
 dral School for Girls, a stately edifice built in the 
 Renaissance style by Robert W. Gibson, the architect of 
 the Cathedral of Albany and the Church Mission House 
 in New York. 
 
 The situation of this School demanded careful con- 
 sideration. The Cathedral trustees have borne in mind 
 that they have been put in charge of a Foundation 
 which is to live and grow for centuries, and have con- 
 sequently been obliged to take a long look ahead. 
 This northern part of the Cathedral Close over a 
 thousand feet square, or more than twice as large as 
 Madison Square, New York will ultimately be covered 
 by a series of " Quads," like those of Oxford 
 or Cambridge, as need for the different educa- 
 tional, missionary and literary buildings, from time 
 to time, arise ; and the Cathedral School for Girls 
 which has been erected with this object in view is the 
 first of these buildings. The southern portion of the
 
 44 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Cathedral Close slopes down toward the city, until, at 
 the corner of Thirty-fifth and Galveston streets, it is one 
 hundred and twenty feet bflow the level of the Cathedral 
 plateau. On the Georgetown side, where it faces 
 Massachusetts avenue, it descends also in a series 
 of gentle terraces. Consequently, this was the spot 
 selected for the Cathedral site itself. The great 
 cruciform building will be about five hundred feet 
 long, and (including the aisles) one hundred feet 
 wide. It will face the east at that point, where 
 the sun rises on April 9th, the day that Christ rose 
 from the dead. The ground on which it stands is so 
 high above all the surrounding country that no build- 
 ings can possibly obstruct the view from the east. As 
 seen from the esplanade of the Capitol and the whole 
 of the present city of Washington, it will stand out, 
 with its three majestic towers, crowning the summit of 
 the hill which cuts itself against the horizon of the 
 western sky. As seen from Massachusetts avenue on 
 the south, its south transept and buttressed walls will 
 loom up, above the grassy slopes and the clumps of 
 trees of the Cathedral park. While, from Wisconsin 
 avenue, its whole West Facade and central doorway 
 will rise face to face with the beholder on the street. 
 The only part of the Cathedral which will not, there- 
 fore, stand out conspicuously, with unobstructed view, 
 will be that north side, where the cloisters and 
 " Quads " of collegiate buildings in future days will lie.
 
 The Cathedral Close 
 
 (Showing proposed grading of streets)
 
 THE CATHEDRAL ORGANISATION. 45 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 The Cathedral Organisation. 
 
 After the charter of the Cathedral was granted 
 by Congress, under the corporate title of THE 
 PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CATHEDRAL FOUNDATION IN 
 THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, the incorporators elected 
 the following Board of Trustees : The Right Rev. 
 William Paret, D. D., Bishop of Maryland, President, 
 ex offitio ; Rev. George W. Douglas, D. D., Rev. R. H. 
 McKim, D. D., Rev. J. S. B. Hodges, D. D., Rev. A. 
 Mackay-Smith, D. D., Hon. George F. Edmunds, Gen. 
 John G. Parke, Gen. John M. Wilson, Charles C. 
 Glover, Esq., Hon. George Truesdell, Hon. John A. 
 Kasson, A. T. Britton, Esq., Henry E. Pellew, Esq., 
 James Lowndes, Esq., Theodore W. Noyes, Esq. 
 
 The first work of this newly-elected Board was to frame 
 the laws of the Cathedral. Before this was done, however, 
 the whole method of organisation of the great cathe- 
 drals of England and other countries, as well as the regu- 
 lations of American cathedrals were carefully studied 
 and compared, and on December 5, 1894, the Constitu- 
 tions and Statutes were adopted. In these it was pro- 
 vided that while the title and management of the real 
 estate and principal funds should remain with the 
 Board of Corporate Trustees, the income of the Founda- 
 tion and the care and direction of the institutions, 
 buildings and organisations should be under two chap-
 
 46 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 ters, called respectively the Larger Chapter and the 
 Smaller Chapter. The duties, privileges and responsi- 
 bilities of each of these chapters are specifically 
 defined.* 
 
 The Larger Chapter consists of the Bishop, the Dean 
 and other members of the Smaller Chapter, the 
 Standing Committee of the Diocese ex officio, the Arch- 
 deacons of the Diocese ex officio, the Treasurer of the 
 Diocese ex officio, the Board of Trustees ex officio ; the 
 Honorary Canons, some of whom are clergymen and 
 others laymen, from the Diocese of Washington and 
 other dioceses. This Larger Chapter serves as a Senatu* 
 Episcopi and performs other duties. The Smaller 
 Chapter consists of the Bishop, the Dean, the Canon 
 Missioner, the Canon Chancellor, the Canon Precentor, 
 and two other Canons who are to be chosen by the 
 Standing Committee of the Diocese with the advice 
 and consent of the Bishop. 
 
 Provision is made for the gradual formation of this 
 organisation as occasion calls for its development. At 
 the present time the only officers of the Cathedral 
 Foundation are the following : 
 
 President of the Board of Trustees, the Rt. Rev. Henry 
 Y. Satterlee, D. D., LL. D., Bishop of Washington ; 
 members of the Board of Trustees, the Rev. Randolph 
 H. McKim, D. D., the Rev. Alexander Mackay-Smith, 
 D. D., the Rev. John H. Elliott, D. D., Mr. Charles C. 
 
 *In the old cathedrals there were almost always a school for 
 grammar, a school for theology, a school for music and a school 
 for architecture. Most of these needs are now met by other insti- 
 tutions of learning. The schools to be attached to the future 
 Cathedral of Washington will be devoted more exclusively to such 
 kinds of instruction and training as cannot be secured elsewhere.
 
 n
 
 THE CATHEDRAL ORGANISATION. 4*7 
 
 Glover, Hon. George F. Edmunds, General John M. 
 Wilson, Q. S. A., Hon. George Truesdell, Mr. Henry 
 E. Pellew, Hon. John A. Kasson, Mr. James Lowndes, 
 Admiral George Dewey, U. S. N., Mr. Charles J. Bell, 
 Mr. Thomas Hyde and Hon. Wayne MacVeagh. The 
 Canon Missioner is the Rev. P. M. Rhinelander. 
 The Rev. Richard P. Williams, Archdeacon of Wash- 
 ington ; the Rev. Thomas J. Packard, Archdeacon of 
 Montgomery and Prince George's, and the Rev. Chris- 
 topher I. LaRoche, Archdeacon of Charles and St. 
 Mary's, with the Standing Committee of the Diocese, 
 together with certain other Diocesan Officers, would 
 be ex officio members of the Larger Chapter if that 
 Chapter were now formed, but the development of 
 the Cathedral Foundation has not yet required the 
 necessity of this or of any further organisation than 
 that which has been stated. 
 
 That evangelistic work, however, which, by and by, 
 will be the special sphere of effort for the Cathedral, is 
 constantly growing ; and in the conduct of this, a staff 
 of five clergy, one deaconess and three or more lay 
 readers are assisting the Bishop and laboring under 
 his Episcopal supervision. While, in one aspect, and 
 speaking accurately of present conditions, the work 
 which these are doing in various parts of the city of 
 Washington can scarcely be described as Cathedral 
 Mission Work, until the Cathedral itself is built ; yet, 
 inasmuch as the Bishop himself is the chief missionary 
 of a diocese, and as the Mission Church of the Bishop, 
 where the Bishop's seat is placed, is the natural centre 
 from which all such evangelistic efforts should flow,
 
 48 THE BUILDING OP A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 it will be readily seen, that all this is, when viewed 
 from another aspect, the evangelistic work of the 
 Cathedral, moving on under the Bishop, in advance 
 of the Cathedral building itself; and this is in accord- 
 ance with ancient precedent. For centuries, the least 
 part of the work of a cathedral was that which was 
 connected directly with the cathedral building itself. 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Devries is the head of the Pro-Cathe- 
 dral work at St. Mark's Church, which (by a con- 
 cordat between the Bishop and the vestry) is the 
 Bishop's church, where ordinations and such other 
 services are held, as will ultimately take place in 
 the Cathedral itself; the Rev. Mr. Peter is the assistant 
 under Dr. Devries at St. Mark's, and Mr. W. B. Trott is 
 Lay Reader. 
 
 The Chapel of the Good Shepherd in St. Mark's 
 parish is under the charge of the Rev. Messrs. Rhine- 
 lander and Stetson. Within the past year the congre- 
 gation has removed to the new church, partly com- 
 pleted, the basement of which has been fitted up for 
 temporary use (while the old building is kept as a 
 clergy house and mission room), for the ever-growing 
 work in that important part of Northeast Washington, 
 where the population is increasing so very fast. Some- 
 what further on, All Saints' Chapel, in St. Matthew's 
 parish, is under the charge of the same clergymen. 
 
 In St. Alban's parish (in the midst of which the Ca- 
 thedral Close stands), with the consent of the Rector and 
 vestry, Rev. C. N. Clement Brown, Deaconess Libbey 
 and Messrs. Gilfillan, Holmead and Pole are doing 
 Cathedral mission work at Tenley, at the Conduit Road
 
 n
 
 THE CATHEDRAL ORGANISATION. 49 
 
 or Palisades of the Potomac, at Broad Branch, at Fort 
 Reno and at Glen Echo (with the consent of the rector 
 and vestry of All Saints' Parish). 
 
 The Rev. Dr. Pierce, Chaplain of the U. S. Army 
 at Fort Myer, has also kindly assisted in the work, 
 chiefly by preaching through the summer at the open- 
 air services on the Cathedral Close. 
 
 All this work varies necessarily, not only as year 
 follows year, but as congregations develop in size, 
 and missions in stability, at different centres. Again, 
 as part of this work is being done in parishes which 
 once were weak, it rightly becomes more and more 
 parochial in character as these same parishes grow 
 stronger, and the mission workers pass to other fields. 
 For these reasons it is impossible to give such exact 
 statistics of its nature and progress, such as appear in 
 an ordinary parochial report. 
 
 It may suffice to say that since 1896, with the help of 
 the Pro-Cathedral clergy, about fifteen deacons and the 
 same number of priests have been prepared for ordina- 
 tion by the Bishop. 
 
 One church has been built so far that the congrega- 
 tion can now worship in its basement story continuously. 
 Two or three new mission stations have been founded 
 and are regularly supplied with services ; 509 children 
 and adults have been baptized, 482 persons have been 
 confirmed, 608 new Sunday-school scholars have been 
 added, 997 new families also have been added to the 
 Church. There are now upwards of 1,000 young 
 persons under religious instruction in these churches 
 and missions; and hundreds of families have been
 
 50 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 visited at their homes who have been heretofore without 
 any pastoral ministrations whatever. 
 
 THE CATHEDRAL SCHOOL. 
 
 The corner-stone of the National Cathedral School, 
 founded by Mrs. Phoebe A. Hearst, was laid by the 
 Bishops of Washington and Maryland on Ascension 
 Day, 1899. In the following year the building was 
 completed and the school was opened on October 1, 
 1900. 
 
 The principals of the school are Miss Lois A. Bangs 
 and Miss Mary B. Whitoii. 
 
 In so short a space as can be given to this subject 
 very little beyond a statement of the ideals upon which 
 the school was founded can be made. 
 
 The religious instruction is under the care of the 
 Bishop of Washington, and of the Rev. G. C. F. 
 Bratenahl, the Rector of the parish church, St. Alban, 
 which church the school family attends. 
 
 The business management and general direction of 
 the school is in the hands of Miss Bangs and Miss 
 Whiton, the former principals of a college preparatory 
 school in New York City, in which they had, for many 
 years, held the privilege of sending pupils upon their 
 own certificate without further examination to four 
 colleges : Smith, Vassar,Wellesley and Mount Holyoke. 
 
 While it is sincerely hoped that the new school will 
 stimulate interest in college preparation here in Wash- 
 ington, and so broaden and deepen the education of 
 our girls, no pains are spared, no method left untried, 
 to give students for whom a college course is not
 
 THE CATHEDRAL ORGANISATION. 51 
 
 desirable a thorough and symmetrical education with 
 special advantages in modern languages, history, 
 literature, science, music and art. 
 
 The foundation upon which the curriculum rests is 
 love of " Christ and His Children," and the purpose to 
 prove that under God's leading all the triumphs of the 
 new education may be laid at His feet and a Church 
 School put in the front rank of those schools which 
 are leading educational thought in this country. It 
 is recognized that the history of the school, yet to be 
 written, must help to prove that the triumphs of the 
 new education are at the largest, and its defects at the 
 smallest, when it is religious as well as new. 
 
 There are at present 19 teachers, 58 home pupils, and 
 38 day scholars. The school is already self-supporting 
 at the present time. 
 
 Although the following committees are purely vol- 
 untary associations of those who are taking an interest 
 in the growth of the Cathedral of Washington, and, 
 therefore, are not connected with its organisation, their 
 co-operation has been in every way so valuable and 
 helpful, that this description of the Cathedral Founda- 
 tion would be incomplete and imperfect without a brief 
 account of what these associations have been doing. 
 
 THE CATHEDRAL PARK BOARD. 
 
 This Association is composed of ladies of Washington 
 and other cities, and its object is the care, improve- 
 ment and development of the Cathedral park. Acting 
 under the authority of the Bishop and the Cathedral 
 Trustees this Board has secured the services of Miss
 
 52 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Beatrix Jones as landscape gardener, and has under- 
 taken the work of laying out paths, building roads 
 and fences, planting trees and improving the grounds 
 as fast as the funds raised for the purpose will allow. 
 The whole Cathedral Close is open to the public 
 from sunrise to sunset ; much has already been done to 
 make the grounds more attractive, and the advantages 
 of the situation become more and more apparent with 
 each successive year of care. The Close, with its 
 wonderful view from the Peace Cross, has become one 
 of the attractions of Washington ; and when Mass- 
 achusetts avenue is open in the spring of 1902, there 
 will be a broad street with asphalt pavement leading 
 straight from Dupont Circle to the south gate of 
 the Cathedral grounds, and the number of visitors will 
 be correspondingly increased. 
 
 THE COMMITTEES ON THE WASHINGTON CATHEDRAL. 
 
 At the suggestion of Mr. George Wharton Pepper, of 
 Philadelphia, two years ago, the plan was adopted of 
 forming committees on the National Cathedral of our 
 Church in various cities and dioceses. With the con- 
 sent of the bishops of their respective dioceses such com- 
 mittees have already been formed, first in Philadelphia, 
 in which the Declaration of Independence was signed 
 and the first Continental Congress met. In New York, 
 where General Washington, the first President of the 
 United States, was inaugurated ; in Boston, where the 
 first campaign of General Washington and the heroes 
 of the Revolution took place ; and in the city of Wash- 
 ington itself. Within the past year similar committees
 
 g 
 
 O 
 
 ~^ 
 
 E 
 
 O 
 
 3
 
 THE CATHEDRAL ORGANISATION. 53 
 
 have been formed in Newport, Rhode Island, and in 
 San Francisco, California, and it is hoped that ere 
 long there will be committees representing the Cathe- 
 dral of Washington in most of the dioceses of the Ameri- 
 can Church. The chief object of these associations is to 
 evoke interest among all the churchmen of America in 
 the Cathedral at the National Capital. In the mean- 
 time each of these committees has also generously under- 
 taken to raise a certain proportion of the interest upon 
 the mortgage which still encumbers the land, while the 
 Bishop of Washington concentrates his efforts in secur- 
 ing funds for the payment of the principal. Through 
 the help of these committees that interest has been 
 promptly paid ; while, in some cases, several thousand 
 dollars have likewise been contributed, in addition, for 
 the payment of the principal. 
 
 On the Feast of Ascension Day, May 8, 1902, 
 it is proposed, God willing, to open the Little Sanc- 
 tuary for Divine Service, and for the first time to 
 celebrate the Holy Communion at that Jerusalem 
 Altar, hewn from rock which lay so close " to the place 
 called Calvary." It is hoped that representatives from 
 all the committees on the National Cathedral which 
 have been formed in various dioceses up to the present 
 time, will be present on that day to participate in the 
 Service.
 
 54 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 The Object and Purpose of the Washington 
 Cathedral. 
 
 The question is often asked : " Of what use is a 
 great Cathedral in this practical age ? " Men say : 
 " We see at a glance the value of hospitals and infir- 
 maries, of schools and colleges, of libraries and 
 museums of art, but fail to distinguish that of a costly 
 cathedral. It seems like an anachronism in these 
 days of modern civilization." 
 
 How far such sentiments are the result of deep relig- 
 ious thought ; how far they are only an expression of 
 a passing spirit of the age, it will be for future genera- 
 tions to determine. It is, of course, perfectly natural that 
 disbelievers in Christianity should speak thus, but 
 Christian people, before committing themselves to the 
 same opinions, should take the New Testament into 
 their hands and contrast the atmosphere in which 
 Christ and His Apostles lived and thought and spoke, 
 with that of modern conventional Christianity. If a 
 great Cathedral stands out as a witness for certain 
 spiritual truths, for certain aspects of New Testament 
 life and belief, for a side of the Christian religion 
 which our modern one-sided Christianity has lost 
 sight of and forgotten, can we call it " a useless 
 anachronism " ?
 
 THE USE AND WORK OF A CATHEDRAL. 55 
 
 In this connection, we venture to present a few con- 
 siderations to the attention of every thoughtful Chris- 
 tian reader of these pages. 
 
 I. 
 
 Christ, in the Temple, told the people that the first 
 and greatest of all the commandments of God is this : 
 " Thou shalt love the Lord, thy God, with all thy heart 
 and with all thy soul and with all thy mind." 
 
 If there was ever an age when this commandment 
 needs to be emphasised, or when the Church of Christ 
 should stand forth as a fearless witness of its pre-emi- 
 nent importance, it is in this dawning twentieth cen- 
 tury. The temper of the age is sociological rather 
 than theological. Men think that it is more important 
 to have right ideas about humanity than to have right 
 ideas about God ; and argue that, however beautiful 
 and devotional in sentiment the theological side of 
 Christianity may be, different men will always have 
 different opinions regarding God, while they have no 
 question at all about a practical religion which teaches 
 the Brotherhood of Man. 
 
 We find here, undoubtedly, the chief cause of the 
 so-called decay of faith in the doctrines of Christianity. 
 If men seem to have lost not only the spirit, but the 
 very idea of worship ; if they deem that churches and 
 cathedrals are of less importance than schools and hos- 
 pitals, it is not that we are less religious than our fore- 
 fathers, or that Christianity has lost its hold upon the 
 present generation, but it is because the world, in its 
 sudden realisation of all that neighborly love can do
 
 56 THE BUILDINGjOF A CATHEDRAL 
 
 for the human race is placing Christ's Second Com- 
 mandment above the First. 
 
 We Christians should have a care how we misinter- 
 pret that sacred phrase, " the Brotherhood of Man." 
 You can not have the real brotherhood of man without 
 the Fatherhood of God, for brotherhood implies con- 
 sanguinity ; a bond of union in a common father ; a 
 common consciousness that we owe everything to that 
 Father and share His love. Now, all that we men 
 know regarding the Fatherhood of God we have learned 
 only in and through Jesus Christ, His Son. If we 
 love God because He first loved us, and so loved us as 
 to send His only-begotten Son into the world to save 
 us, then, only in proportion as, through Christ, we 
 approach and love our Father in Heaven, can we feel 
 the eternal yearnings of real brotherhood for our fel- 
 lowman. 
 
 If it is true that in past ages, the Church, dwelling 
 too exclusively upon the love of God, and the neces- 
 sity of worship, has forgotten the corresponding obli- 
 gation of love to our neighbour and been guilty 
 of a heathen cruelty, a relentless persecution of adver- 
 saries and a lack of Christian charity, the memory 
 of which will last for generations to come ; it is also 
 true that this last age, with all its generosity, phil- 
 anthropic works and Christian magnanimity, has gone 
 to the very opposite extreme. In its enthusiastic de- 
 votion to the cause of humanity it is playing fast and 
 loose with the heart's deepest convictions about the 
 truth of God ; it is ignoring carelessly the plainest 
 teachings of Jesus Christ ; it is dragging down the
 
 THE USE AND WORK OP A CATHEDRAL. 57 
 
 Religion of the Incarnation to the popular level of 
 Natural Religion. Every previous era has had its 
 peculiar temptations and assaults upon the Faith of 
 the Gospels ; this is the subtle danger with which 
 Christianity has had to contend in these present days. 
 
 Action and reaction are a law, not only in dy- 
 namics, but in human thought and human life. 
 This age may temporarily set its human knowledge 
 above Christ's knowledge, but sooner or later a strong 
 reaction will come, at least, among Christians, and 
 in the flood of heavenly light which will then break 
 upon human minds, men will see that the highest 
 blessing of all is that which our Lord sets forth when 
 He says : " This is life eternal, to know Thee the only 
 true God and Jesus Christ Whom Thou hast sent." 
 The consciousness of loving and being loved by God 
 and of serving Him in spirit and in truth, is the pearl 
 of great price, the unsearchable riches of Christ, the 
 possession of the Kingdom of Heaven. And the hearts 
 in which that love exists must outpour their thanks- 
 givings and express their allegiance to Christ in joy- 
 ous acts of worship. 
 
 In every age which preceded our own such worship 
 has been the spontaneous and irrepressible instinct of 
 all true devotional life. Prayer and praise are not only 
 the characteristic expression of the life lived by the 
 holiest men and women in Bible times, but in all the 
 Christian centuries as well. And when Christ called 
 the Jewish Temple " a house of prayer for all people " 
 He set forth, then and there, the ideal of every 
 church or cathedral which bears the holy name of His 
 religion.
 
 5S THE BUILDING OP A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 II. 
 
 And now the question arises, what is worship? Such 
 worship, we mean, as will meet and satisfy the ideal 
 set before us by Christ Himself? 
 
 The great cathedrals of Europe, from time imme- 
 morial, have been filled with a throng of worshippers 
 who are so spellbound by the magnificence of the ritual, 
 that a foreigner often whispers to himself, " Would 
 that I had the instinct of worship as these kneeling 
 people feel it ;" yet, if one should visit these very people 
 in their homes, he would discover that, in their daily life, 
 as husbands and wives, as parents and children, as buyers 
 and sellers on the streets, they fall, as a rule, far below 
 the level of men who make no profession of religion 
 whatever. Then, the question arises, " Is there a dis- 
 tinction to be drawn between worship and morality, 
 worship and intellectual life?" No, the difficulty 
 lies in men's false ideas of worship ; for true worship is 
 the expression of love to God. Christ said to us all, 
 " Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy 
 heart and with all thy soul and with all thy mind." 
 Christ himself is " the Lord our Righteousness." He 
 is called by St. John the Logos, or " Word of God," 
 which means that He is intellectually and morally, as 
 well as spiritually, the Way, the Truth and the Life. 
 
 And man, who is made in the image of God, intel- 
 lectually, morally and spiritually, can only worship 
 God in spirit and in truth, when he employs all his 
 faculties in such worship. 
 
 The kind of church service, therefore, which does 
 not inspire the worshippers to live moral lives, to be bet-
 
 Q 
 
 Q. 
 
 o
 
 THE USE AND WORK OF A CATHEDRAL. 59 
 
 ter husbands and wives, better parents and better citi- 
 zens ; or which fails to make them more intelligent, as 
 well as more devout, must have some inherent moral 
 defect. 
 
 The Cathedral of the future, in its worship, should 
 stimulate every nobler instinct of our manhood. While 
 its form of prayer should be, of course, the ancient 
 liturgy of the Church, outward forms and ceremonies 
 should never obscure that high ideal of worship set 
 forth by Christ himself. 
 
 A house of prayer for all people means not only a 
 House of God where all people are welcome, but where 
 all people can join in a service, in which while they 
 pray with the spirit, they pray with the understanding 
 also ; not only a church where all the congregation 
 sing praises with understanding, but a church which 
 unites every congregation in every place, with the 
 people of God in all ages. 
 
 And, perhaps, among English-speaking peoples, no 
 book, after the Bible itself, brings so vivid a realisa- 
 tion of the Communion of Saints, as the Book of Com- 
 mon Prayer. Its confessions of sin touch deeper depths 
 of penitence and its thanksgivings rise to higher 
 heights of praise than any single worshipper ever 
 feels. Every time we come to church we are in the 
 presence of a devotional life which transcends our per- 
 sonal experience. 
 
 We are listening to the hymns of the ages, to the 
 prayers of the ages, to the voice of the Church of the 
 ages, as she worships her Lord and her God. And
 
 60 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 the same Prayer Book which thus hands down to us 
 the liturgical heritage of the ancient Catholic Church 
 breathes also the evangelical influence of the Reforma- 
 tion. 
 
 III. 
 
 And this leads us on to the silent influence of such 
 worship in the direction of Christian unity. . 
 
 No one can foretell that day when Christ's 
 prayer, that all His disciples shall be one, may be 
 answered, or when the reunion of Christendom shall 
 come, but He has shown us in His Highpriestly prayer 
 (St. John xvii), that real Christian unity begins not at 
 man but at God. It is not for us to know " the times or 
 the seasons." That era certainly will not come until 
 churches and Christians become more Christ-like. But 
 if our National Episcopal Cathedral breathes that spirit 
 of worship which emanates from the Prayer Book itself it 
 will be both Catholic and Protestant. Catholic, in stand- 
 ing as a living present witness of what the Holy, 
 Catholic and Apostolic Church is, and was, in the first 
 three centuries after Christ, before the mediaeval nov- 
 elties . of Roman Catholicism were ever heard of; 
 Protestant, in holding to those evangelical principles 
 of the Gospel so dear to our American forefathers. 
 
 For Protestantism is something more than a protest 
 against the errors of Rome ; it has a positive 
 basis ; it is a protest for a lost element of the 
 ancient Catholic Faith. The Reformation was a pro- 
 test in behalf of the inward, which had been sacrificed 
 for the outward ; a protest in behalf of the sacredness 
 of human personality, of the right of the individual
 
 THE USE AND WORK OF A CATHEDRAL. 61 
 
 and of the freedom of conscience, all of which had 
 been sacrificed for outward forms, outward professions 
 of belief and the preservation of Church organization. 
 
 The English Church of the sixteenth century made 
 room in her system for these positive elements of the 
 Protestant Reformation, without sacrificing the herit- 
 ages which bound her to the past. With the Bible in 
 her hands, and the history of the Primitive Church 
 before her eyes, she saw clearly and unmistakably that 
 this movement on the continent of Europe, apart from 
 its exaggeration, was, in a deeper sense, not only a re- 
 formation but the restoration, under God, of a true, script- 
 ural principle, which was manifested in the free Catholic 
 life and the robust Apostolic faith of the early Church. 
 
 Just as true civil liberty means that a man is per- 
 fectly free up to that point where his own liberty 
 interferes of the freedom of other men ; so does the 
 religious liberty of our own branch of the Church of 
 Chiist. In our Church there is full freedom for Catholic 
 thought up to that point where it conflicts with inward 
 Protestant convictions, and for Protestant thought up 
 to the limit where it does violence to the Catholic 
 instincts of a Divine Society ; full freedom on the one 
 hand, for the principles of the great historic churches 
 which would keep their continuity with the past ; 
 and on the other, for modern Protestantism in its 
 aspirations to be in touch with the living, religious 
 movements of the present. Nor is our Church 
 logically inconsistent, as is so often charged, in com- 
 bining these two tendencies, for they are not mutually 
 antagonistic, but inter-dependent. In the Anglican
 
 62 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Communion, as in the Primitive Church, all true 
 Catholic and Protestant tendencies find united and 
 adequate expression. As the Bible itself is larger 
 than any of those sects which claim the Bible as their 
 own, so the Prayer Book is greater than any one of 
 those schools of churchmanship in the Anglican Com- 
 munion which prize the Prayer Book. And just as 
 our Church resists, as by a divine instinct, every attempt, 
 whether from the Catholic side or the Protestant side, 
 to narrow her comprehensiveness, so our National 
 Cathedral should stand in the capital of the whole 
 country, not as a monument of the spirit of sectarian- 
 ism, but as a witness for Christian unity, with that 
 Anglican basis for the Reunion of Christendom in- 
 scribed over its doorway : 
 
 " Holy Scripture and Apostolic creed ; 
 Holy Sacrament and Apostolic order. " 
 
 IV. 
 
 Let us now pass from the idea of Cathedral worship 
 to that of Cathedral work. Those who affirm that 
 Cathedrals will be useless in our American Church life 
 never rise in thought above parish life and its activities, 
 and, therefore, conclude that there are no needs which 
 the parish cannot fill. Here in America especially, 
 where, with our American genius for organisation, 
 parish work has been developed to so high a degree of 
 efficiency, it has become a natural conclusion with many 
 that no higher or wider kind of organisation is needed. 
 But let us pause and consider. St. Paul describes the 
 Church as the Body of Christ, and the analogy, as Bishop
 
 The Peace Cross
 
 THE USE AND WORK OF A CATHEDRAL. 63 
 
 Westcott has well said, is one of the most wonderful in- 
 stances of prophetic insight in the whole New Testa- 
 ment. Is it reasonable to suppose that all the poten- 
 tialities and activities of the Church, as the Body of 
 Christ, are called into operation by the parish? Does 
 it not stand to reason that there must be larger powers 
 and capacities in the organic life of the Church than 
 are evoked by parochial effort in separate congrega- 
 tions? And that, if there are these latent capacities 
 for combined religious and social activities in a larger 
 sphere of influence, they must continue to remain dor- 
 mant until they are called into exercise by a kind of 
 organisation which is larger than a parish ? There is 
 a parochial perspective, a diocesan perspective and 
 even a national perspective in Church work. There 
 are congregational needs, and needs which no single 
 congregation can possibly meet missionary needs, 
 sociological needs, educational needs, which only a 
 great Mission Church, like a cathedral, with its wider 
 organisation in missionary and educational depart- 
 ments, and its trained corps of specialists in historical^ 
 theological and sociological knowledge, can satisfy. 
 
 As Archbishop Benson has so clearly shown, the 
 least part of the work of a cathedral is that which is 
 directly connected with the cathedral building itself. 
 Here, indeed, that continuous worship is offered which 
 is the inspiration of every effort and which sanctifies 
 the motive of every worker ; but the needs of Christ's 
 growing Kingdom of Heaven on earth are the ever 
 present theme of study. And the sphere of labour is 
 the supra-parochial work of the whole diocese.
 
 64 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 V. 
 
 Especially is this the case with that Cathedral which 
 is to take its stand in the capital of our country. 
 
 Washington, as the political centre of the United 
 States, is the least sectional city of the whole Republic ; 
 it belongs to the country at large. No North or South, 
 East or West, are recognized in Washington, for 
 prominent men dwell here, side by side, from every 
 part of the Union. This constitutes at once a grave 
 danger and a great advantage. It is a danger, for a 
 careless feeling of irresponsibility is thus engendered 
 regarding social conditions and religious influences, 
 which does not exist elsewhere. Washington is not the 
 real home of those statesmen and their families, nor is 
 the parish they attend their church home. The influ- 
 ences which govern their social life, their religious life, 
 and the education of their children are not home influ- 
 ences. In addition to this, here are concentrated in a 
 comparatively small city, those social conditions, diplo- 
 matic surroundings and court influences which belong 
 to every national capital in modern civilization. And 
 these foreign social influences are bound to increase as 
 our country assumes more and more of an international 
 position. If there is any one city where religious im- 
 pressions need to be strengthened and religious prin- 
 ciples upheld, it is in the capital of our own country. 
 Yet, such influences cannot be made strong and effect- 
 ive unless they are brought to bear in supra-parochial 
 ways. 
 
 Take, for example, that very important matter, the 
 education of children. Everywhere about us to-day, 
 fathers and mothers who call themselves Christians
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 U
 
 THE USE AND WOR& OF A CATflEDRAL. 65 
 
 are educating their sons and their daughters in intel- 
 lectual pursuits, in modern languages and accomplish- 
 ments, while they seem to be utterly deaf to those 
 strong, earnest words, in which Christ Himself not 
 only emphasised His own care and love for chil- 
 dren, but warned us to " take heed " how we put any 
 stumbling block in the way of their souls. Christian 
 character the kind of character which means honest, 
 wholesome manhood, and pure, refined womanhood, 
 truthfulness, simplicity, a hatred for shams, a deep rever- 
 ence for good, a courage in doing right, and a firm sense 
 of responsibility regarding duty is what is most needed 
 in these days. If our Western Bishops have found it 
 necessary to establish schools, especially for the girls 
 who are to be the mothers of the coming generation, do 
 we not need even more in Washington schools for those 
 daughters of Senators and Congressmen who are now 
 being sent to Roman Catholic convents ? In this, as in 
 many other ways, the astute Roman Church is far 
 ahead of us. But we are thankful to say that the 
 Cathedral School for Girls has already risen to a posi- 
 tion of prominence among the girl schools of America. 
 This is only the beginning of the educational work that 
 the Cathedral Foundation can do. Our limits now 
 oblige us to pass on to another kind of Cathedral work 
 even more important. 
 
 VI. 
 
 We have said that the absence of all local influences 
 in the capital of the country constitutes not only a 
 danger but an advantage. One of the most marked 
 advantages is the opportunity for stimulating interest 
 in missionary work. Washingtonians, by their very
 
 66 THE BUILDING of A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 residence in Washington, feel that they belong, not to 
 any particular State, but to the whole country. Indeed, 
 far-seeing American statesmen in Congress have inten- 
 tionally produced this result by withholding the right 
 of suffrage from all residents in the District of Columbia, 
 and thus preventing the evils of local politics among 
 those who reside at the seat of the National Govern- 
 ment. As a natural consequence their interest is 
 evoked by national more than by local matters. 
 
 Such a state of mind leads Church people to take a far 
 more vivid interest in Missionary work than if they were 
 differently situated. Their eyes are accustomed to wide 
 horizons. Hearing so constantly of the work of the 
 Government in such widely separated regions as the 
 Philippines and Hawaii, as Alaska and Puerto Rico, 
 as China and Japan, they appreciate what the Mission 
 of the Church also means. They realise the significance 
 of the " Kingdom " and of Christ's message " The King- 
 dom of Heaven is at hand." Again, the absence in 
 Washington of those social problems regarding poverty 
 and vice, which characterise most of our overcrowded 
 modern cities, gives the people freedom to expend 
 their energies in the Missionary cause. 
 
 Under such circumstances the Cathedral of Wash- 
 ington is undoubtedly destined to become a great Mis- 
 sionary centre. Nay, it will stand there before all, as an 
 object lesson in itself, of the freedom of the gospel. For 
 a house of prayer for all people means a spiritual home 
 to which men of every class, rich and poor, statesman, 
 tradesman and laborer, may come without money and 
 without price, with the consciousness that it is their 
 common Father's house. The great cathedrals of the
 
 THE USE AKD WORK: OF A CATHEDRAL. 67 
 
 Middle Ages, while they eclipsed kings' houses in their 
 stately magnificence, were called the " palaces of the 
 poor." Little did the leaders of the French Revolution 
 realise when they stamped their own motto " Lib- 
 erty, Equality and Fraternity " on the portals of the 
 Cathedral of Paris, that this same cathedral was the 
 one place where liberty and equality had been recog- 
 nised and the brotherhood of all men in Christ had 
 been taught through bygone centuries. And if this 
 were so in mediaeval Europe, how much more can 
 Christ's own ideal of a house of prayer for all nations 
 be realised in America, where all people are declared 
 free and equal by the Constitution of the country 
 itself? Does not a National Episcopal Cathedral then 
 accord with the very genius of the nation ? Think of 
 the religious impression which such a majestic Cathe- 
 dral would create in the breasts of those who come 
 from all parts of the United States to the capital of 
 their country; and especially of those outsiders and 
 non-church-goers, who, at home, hold themselves aloof 
 from all parish life. Standing there, on the height of 
 Mount Saint Alban, the majestic towers of God's House 
 of Prayer cannot but be a reminder of the Kingdom of 
 Heaven to every beholder. Think of the gospel lesson 
 that Cathedral will preach to them and their Repre- 
 sentatives in Congress, as they go back to those homes ; 
 of the inspiring influence which such a great mission 
 church will be, if all people flock to it as their Father's 
 house, find it free as the gospel itself to every 
 stranger, are uplifted by its daily services of common 
 prayer, and feel on each Lord's Day the eucharistic joy 
 of the Lord's Supper.
 
 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 The Cathedral as a Witness for Jesus Christ 
 and the Historic Church. 
 
 The Cathedral of Washington will stand on the 
 brow of the hill as a ceaseless object lesson for God. 
 In contrast to Athens, where, in the very centre of 
 Greek civilization, there stood an altar erected " to an 
 Unknown God" we need, in the capital of a country 
 which marches at the forefront of modern civilization, 
 not an altar of Agnosticism but a witness for Him who 
 said : " To know Thee, the only true God and Jesus 
 Christ whom Thou hast sent this is life eternal." 
 
 A great building, as Dr. Huntington has well said, 
 always exercises a great influence. The cathedrals of 
 Europe, which stand with open doors and offer daily 
 services of prayer to God, have ever wielded a mys- 
 terious influence, increasing with the increment of years 
 and the development of history. It is so in all Chris- 
 tian countries and in all past history. No other type 
 of building combines so much religious sentiment, 
 national and local ; none so warms the heart of the 
 emigrant with the love of home. 
 
 The greater the commercial prosperity and political 
 power of our own Nation, the greater will be the 
 danger that our heart be lifted up to say : " My power 
 and the might of mine hand hath gotten me all this 
 wealth." And correspondingly, the greater becomes 
 the need of those broad religious influences which
 
 THIJ CATHEDRAL AND THE HISTORIC CHURCH. 69 
 
 centre in a National Cathedral, lest we forget the Lord 
 our God "lest we forget." 
 
 In Washington there are arising great universities 
 and other imposing structures, which represent the 
 political, the intellectual, the sesthetical life of the 
 people, and the ecclesiastical supremacy of Rome. 
 
 Yet, this is but the beginning. Capitals of other 
 nations, like London, Paris or Rome, have existed for 
 centuries. Our own is but one hundred years old. 
 
 Washington is destined to become a monumental city 
 of magnificent buildings,* yet among those which, up 
 to the present day, have been erected and devoted to 
 civil government or education, science or art, every 
 building of equally majestic proportions, which repre- 
 sents the grandeur of the Christian Faith, is conspicuous 
 by its absence. Most European cities have their great 
 cathedrals devoted to the worship of God, and often- 
 times these are the edifices of all others which make the 
 deepest and most lasting impression upon the visitor's 
 mind. Is the chief point of contrast between the cities 
 of Europe and that city of America, which is the 
 capital of our country, to be, this absence of any great 
 building erected at Washington in Christ's Name? 
 Is there to be no monument in this dawning 
 twentieth century to bear witness that the first settlers 
 of America, from Plymouth Rock to Jamestown, were 
 religious men ? None to tell Americans that their 
 country was born of God ? 
 
 * Never before has this feet been so thoroughly appreciated and 
 understood as it is now ; since the Parking Commission appointed 
 by Congress, a year ago, have sent in their remarkable report.
 
 70 THE BUILDING OP A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 We have said that our own Church is the only 
 Christian body in Washington which can well erect 
 a great cathedral, and is there not also, lying 
 back of this, an historic reason why thus it should be ? 
 
 The more the records of the past are studied in the 
 light of modern research and principles of historic 
 criticism, the more plainly it will be found that the 
 Anglican branch of the one, holy, Catholic and Apos- 
 tolic Church stretches back in one unbroken and con- 
 tinuous line to Apostolic days. Whether we trace 
 back the history of its Episcopate, or of its English 
 Bible (the growth of a thousand years) ; of its English 
 Prayer Book, or of its parish life ; of its holdings of 
 real estate ;* or of its continuous struggles against the 
 encroachments of the Papacy, since the days of Wil- 
 liam the Conqueror ; the same story of continuity repeats 
 itself, now in this connection and then in that. The 
 great Reformation of the sixteenth century, which made 
 such a break in the religious history of different 
 countries in Northern Europe, made no break whatever 
 in that of English church life. Generations of English 
 reformers had, from the days of Wickliffe in 1380, felt 
 the need of reform, and when the time for action came 
 about 1520 they slowly and laboriously tested every 
 
 * In A. D. 609, Ethelbert King of Kent gave, for the support of 
 the Church in London, an estate in Essex called Tillingham. This 
 estate belongs to-day to the Cathedral of St. Pauls, and has been in 
 their possession for 1300 consecutive years. There is no Act of 
 Parliament taking this property away from the Church of Rome 
 and giving it to the Church of England ; no legal claim of the 
 Church of Rome upon the property ; no Act of Parliament con- 
 firming the title to the English Church. This is but one example 
 out of a great many similar ones, regarding the holdings of real 
 estate by the Church of England.
 
 
 * 
 
 The Glastonbury Cathedra
 
 THE CATHEDRAL AND THE HISTORIC CHURCH. 71 
 
 proposed reform, first, by the Holy Scripture, and sec- 
 ondly, by Primitive Church life in the first three 
 centuries. They took over thirty years to complete their 
 work, and all through that period there was not so much 
 as the interruption of a single Sunday's service. The 
 faith, the worship, the organisation of the Anglican 
 Communion to-day is practically exactly what the 
 faith, the worship and the organisation of the Primi- 
 tive Church were in the first three or four centuries of 
 the Christian era. 
 
 The Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul in Washington 
 will, therefore, stand in the capital of our country, both 
 as a witness for Jesus Christ Himself and as a testimony 
 of the continuity of the Apostolic Church from New 
 Testament days down to this twentieth century of the 
 Christian era.
 
 72 TfiE BtJILDlNQ OP A CATftEDRAl. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 The Cathedral as a Witness for Historic 
 American Memories. 
 
 Not only will this Cathedral stand with others as 
 a witness of what the primitive and undivided 
 Church was in the first three centuries, before 
 the union of Church and state was ever heard of, 
 but it also stands as a witness for the faith of our 
 forefathers. The early settlers in the thirteen British 
 Colonies from the Puritans of New England, the 
 Baptists of Rhode Island and the Congregationalists 
 of Connecticut, to the Quakers of Pennsylvania 
 and the first Colonists of Virginia, Georgia and 
 the Carolinas were mostly descendants of those 
 who had belonged to the Church of England for 
 untold centuries ; nor would these, their children, 
 have ever left her fold to come to these Western 
 wilds had it not been for the union of Church 
 and state, or had the Church of England been then, 
 what the Protestant Episcopal Church is to-day. There 
 was, therefore, a bond of union with the old mother 
 Church, beneath all the separation and dissension she 
 had caused ; and, as we look back to the beginning of 
 our own history as a nation, it is a significant fact that, 
 among our early Presidents, George Washington, 
 James Madison and James Monroe and even Thomas
 
 EARLY CHURCH MEMORIES IN AMERICA. 73 
 
 Jefferson,* were all churchmen. So were Benjamin 
 Franklin and thirty-four of the fifty-six signers of the 
 Declaration of Independence, according to Perry's 
 History of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and his 
 other writings ; and of the thirty-nine distinguished 
 men who framed the Constitution of these United States 
 two-thirds were by birth, by baptism, by family or 
 personal affiliation connected with the Episcopal 
 Church. Moreover a large number of these had 
 already been engaged in framing the Constitution 
 and canons of that Church, two years before they 
 were called upon to frame the Constitution of the 
 United States itself. We could never convict these 
 fathers of our country, these patriots, presidents, 
 signers of the Declaration of Independence and framers 
 of our country's Constitution, of the spirit of disloyalty 
 to American ideas or institutions. Most of them were 
 men of Christian convictions. While, in contradis- 
 tinction to English churchmen, they were the most 
 stalwart defenders of the separation of the Church 
 and state ; they upheld the principle of a free Church 
 
 * It is said that Jefferson waa an atheist. The real facts are as 
 follows : 
 
 He was born and brought up in the Episcopal Church. At 
 Charlottesville he attended the services of that Church in the Court 
 House, and afterward when the people were rich enough to build, 
 he himself drew the plans of the church and superintended its 
 construction. He was elected a vestryman, and never failed to 
 perform the duties while he was at Monticello. He freely gave of 
 his time and money to the Church, and also assisted in building 
 new churches in other parts of Virginia. He indignantly denied 
 that he was an atheist. He not only contributed $50 to the Bible 
 Society but gave a copy of the Bible to his descendants when each 
 became of age. While in early life he spoke of Christ as Jesus, 
 and probably held the belief of a Unitarian ; in his later years, he 
 always called Him "Our Saviour." and his last words were " Lord, 
 now lettest Thou Thy servant depart iu peace."
 
 74 f HE BUILDING OP A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 in a free state, and stood forth both as distinguished 
 statesmen, on the one hand, and as active and loyal 
 churchmen, on the other. We are breathing the very 
 spirit of these revered ancestors in building our 
 churches by voluntary efforts and offerings, and if we 
 erect such churches as witnesses for Christ in every 
 town and village of the country, we ought surely to 
 have a greater witness for Christ in the capital of the 
 whole country. 
 
 A year ago, the Centenary of the city of Washing- 
 ton was celebrated, and the address made, at that 
 time, by Senator Hoar of Massachusetts may well be 
 considered historic. Among other things he said : 
 " There are few places that can show, for any one 
 century, more than three products of architecture that 
 equal the Capitol, the Washington Monument, and 
 the Congressional Library. If we can add to the glory 
 of Washington three such structures only, for each 
 coming century, we need not be ashamed of compari- 
 son with any foreign city, when Washington shall 
 have reached the same age." 
 
 If three such buildings are to be erected in this 
 twentieth century in the capital of our country, 
 which, as Senator Hoar said, " is, in a larger sense, 
 a Washington Monument," why should not one of 
 those three be the Cathedral of Washington ? George 
 Washington, the father of his country, was not only 
 a patriot, a military leader and a statesman, he was 
 also a Christian man. He was both a citizen of 
 the United States and a citizen of the Kingdom 
 of Heaven. He was not only a Christian believer,
 
 EARLY CHURCH MEMORIES IN AMERICA. 75 
 
 but a communicant of our own Church and a 
 vestryman of his parish in Virginia. Do not these 
 associations and memories make it seem all the more 
 appropriate that there should be in this city, which is 
 called by Washington's name, a great Mission Church 
 a House of Prayer for all people which shall not 
 only stand as a witness for Christ Himself but also as 
 a witness for the faith of our forefathers?
 
 76 TflE5 BUILDING OP A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 The Cathedral of a Free Church in a Free 
 
 State. 
 
 The Golden Age of the early, undivided Catholic 
 and Apostolic Church of Christ, the age to which 
 Greeks and Romans and Anglicans and all Protestants 
 look back for inspiration, was the first three cen- 
 turies of the Christian era. Then, there came slowly 
 and gradually a change, not for the better, but for the 
 worse ; and one of the chief factors, undoubtedly, in 
 bringing about this change was the union between 
 Church and state. After the experience of ages our 
 own beloved country stood out for the separation be- 
 tween Church and state, and if there is one principle 
 ingrained in the convictions of the American people, 
 it is that, for the welfare of the state itself, this separa- 
 tion must be irrevocable. But the supplemental truth 
 has not, as yet, been equally emphasised. Churchmen 
 should realise and bear witness that for the sake of the 
 Church of Christ herself for her spiritual welfare, for 
 her freedom, for her unfettered growth and develop- 
 ment she should be kept entirely separate from the 
 political influences of the state. Our Cathedral Foun- 
 dation should stand in Washington not only as an 
 institution which represents the Kingdom of Heaven 
 in contradistinction to all human governments, but as 
 a triumphant witness that there is in this new world
 
 The Hilda Stone 
 
 From St. Hilda's Abbey, Whitby
 
 THE CHU&CH AND POLITICAL POWER. 77 
 
 of America a branch of the Holy Catholic Church 
 which claims to be free free as the Primitive Church 
 in Apostolic days. 
 
 Especially is this needful in these present times. 
 When Christ denounced those ecclesiastico-political 
 rulers of His day who compassed sea and land to make 
 one proselyte, He was rebuking a kind of ecclesiasticism 
 which has become awfully familiar to us in the later 
 history of the Christian Church. Religion always 
 exercises an enormous power over the lives of men. 
 The tremendous temptation to use the organised spirit- 
 ual forces of the Church in combination with the 
 political forces of the state fetters both, and not only, as 
 all experience proves, is demoralising to both church- 
 men and statesmen, but it always engenders double- 
 mindedness. 
 
 Those who are once committed to the idea that the 
 Church of Christ should wield temporal power must, 
 perforce, act consistently with their ecclesiastical creed : 
 nor can they refrain from intermeddling with politics to 
 promote the aggrandizement of their Church. Surely, 
 it is not in accordance with the moral principles of the 
 Gospel of Christ that His Church should arouse, by 
 methods which bear the brand of such doubleininded- 
 ness, not the confidence, but the suspicion of the 
 community ; and if this type of ecclesiasticism has 
 already planted in the capital of our country a centre 
 of ultramontane influence which has been truly called 
 a " dual Vatican " ; if the whole Roman hierarchy in 
 America is governed by a personal representative or 
 " ablegate," residing in Washington, of the Pope of
 
 78 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Rome, who puts forth the claim of precedence over all 
 other ambassadors, because he is not only the represent- 
 ative of a Political Sovereign but of the Bishop of the 
 whole world, it is high time that we should recognize 
 the real facts just as they are. It is true, that such a 
 claim is ignored by our Government, and we may 
 feel quite sure that the American people will never pay 
 allegiance to a church which is not only governed by a 
 European ruler in Italy, but identified wholly with 
 European conditions and mediaeval traditions of re- 
 ligious life. Yet, on the other hand, the Roman 
 Church, especially since the acquisition of Puerto Rico 
 and the Philippines, as every one in Washington 
 knows, is exercising a greater political influence than 
 ever before ; and this influence is continuously on the 
 increase. 
 
 The spirit of Romanism has become, in consequence, 
 persistently aggressive. Already this Church has 
 acquired more property in land and buildings than 
 all the other Christian bodies of Washington combined, 
 and no time should be lost in establishing in Washing- 
 ton a Cathedral Foundation, representing that higher, 
 purer, more primitive ideal of the Catholic Church 
 which is in accordance not only with the principles of 
 constitutional liberty but the very spirit of New Testa- 
 ment churchmanship. 
 
 As such a church has no favors to ask or receive 
 from the state; no temporal power to gain ; no propa- 
 gandist work to do in a spirit of proselytism ; as she 
 simply stands witness for Gospel Truth and Apostolic 
 Order, her officers will be above suspicion and their
 
 THE CHURCH AND POLITICAL POWER. 79 
 
 innermost motives will be an epistle seen and read of 
 all men. 
 
 And this constitutes a great spiritual opportunity. 
 The Cathedral preachers will be free, like Christ in the 
 Temple, to rebuke the class sins, the political sins, the 
 national sins of the people; free to stand forth as 
 Savonarolas, if need be, in denouncing corruption, 
 unpatriotism or immorality, whether in a dominant 
 political party or in the highest rulers in the land. 
 Think of the tremendous moral power of a great Cathe- 
 dral preacher, who dares, from the pulpit of a free 
 church in a free state, to hold up the mirror of 
 Christ's pure Gospel, with its high ethical standard, 
 before the eyes of those who neglect the responsibili- 
 ties their country has laid upon them, or who forget 
 that public office is a public trust. 
 
 All the great prophets of the Bible rebuked national 
 sins as a moral disease which honeycombs the life of 
 the people ; and Dante whom we might almost call a 
 descendant of the Old Testament prophets in the Chris- 
 tian era lays bare the awful nature of political sin. 
 In his vision of the Inferno he beholds first those 
 who have sinned against their own souls the drunk- 
 ard, the lustful, the prodigal ; as he goes downward 
 where punishments and scenes become increasingly 
 fearful, he comes, at last, to those religious leaders of 
 the Church, and those political leaders of the state, 
 who, by bribery and fraud have broken down public 
 morals, corrupted the state and sinned against society. 
 These traitors to God and their country he finds at the 
 bottom of the lowest hell.
 
 80 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Dante is gone, and the ancient prophets are gone, 
 but do we not need to-day such servants of the most 
 high God to rebuke spiritual wickedness in high 
 places ? Do we not need to make more room in our 
 American Church for the prophetic office? At pres- 
 ent, those upon whom this gift is bestowed are fettered 
 and paralyzed by the cares of pastoral work and by the 
 ever-increasing administrative duties of parish life. A 
 cathedral pulpit is, in these modern days, the only place 
 where the messenger of God who interprets the faith of 
 the gospels can have full tirno for preparation, full free- 
 dom for observation and study of those influences which 
 make or mar our civilization, and full opportunity for 
 appealing to a larger circle of hearers than any parish 
 church affords. 
 
 We are thankful to say that through the generosity 
 of two ladies in Washington,* the beginning of a " St. 
 Chrysostoin's Fund " has been made, for the endow- 
 ment of the office of a " Canon Missioner." This was 
 a wise and far-seeing provision. As this endowment 
 increases from various sources, and, by and by, 
 becomes adequate for the needs of the position, it will 
 secure a succession of able and eloquent " Special 
 Preachers," each one of whom, in his day and genera- 
 tion, will be a living voice to deliver God's message, in 
 a way to reach thinking men and women, and make 
 the Cathedral pulpit a living power in Washington. 
 * Mrs. Benjaraiu H. Buckingham and Miss Isabel C. Freeman.
 
 Shoeing Proposed Crfding of Ctthedrtl il 
 St./. ... i.-.k 
 
 C..ro_, ll...al 3 ft.f 
 
 The Cathedral Close 
 
 Contour lines show proposed gradings of Cathedral Site 
 
 The dotted line shows the South and East Boundary Lines of the 
 
 Cathedral Land
 
 THE CATHEDRAL BUILDING. 81 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 The Cathedral Building. 
 
 It is only the power and inspiration of a great 
 thought which can stir the hearts of a great people. 
 It is only when truehearted men and women realise 
 what the ideal of a National Cathedral of our Church 
 means that they can attain its possibilities ; it is only 
 when they themselves reach out for this ideal that 
 they can bring others to share it. Therefore, we have 
 striven to show, in the preceding pages, what the 
 Cathedral of SS. Peter and Paul in Washington may 
 stand for ; how it should be so truly national in char- 
 acter that, in every patriot's heart, it will inspire a 
 deeper love for God and his country ; so strong a power 
 for good in the community that every statesman and 
 officer of the civil government will welcome its high 
 moral influence ; so comprehensive in its religious 
 aims that, to every Christian in this broad land, it will 
 breathe the very spirit of New Testament Christianity ; 
 so truly representative of the Apostolic Church, in 
 primitive days, that every churchman will recognise 
 its catholic character ; and so spiritual in its atmos- 
 phere that every worshipper, whoever he may be, or 
 from whatever land he comes, may feel that here is a 
 homelike refuge which fulfils indeed Christ's memora- 
 ble words : " My house shall be called the house of 
 prayer for all people." $hajl the coming Cathedral of
 
 82 THE BUILDING OP A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Washington stand in outward form as well as inward 
 spirit as such a fulfilment? 
 
 When, on Palm Sunday, our Lord rode, amid the 
 welcoming hosannas of the multitudes, to that great 
 cathedral of ancient times, the Jewish Temple, and 
 the Pharisees exclaimed : " Master, rebuke thy disci- 
 ples," His answer was, " If these should hold their 
 peace, the stones would immediately cry out." 
 
 Were those words the inspiration of Christian 
 architecture? It is interesting to mark how, ever 
 since that day, architecture has struggled to carve in 
 stone the idea of Christian faith. Perhaps, in the 
 cathedrals of the Middle Ages we behold the strongest 
 expression of this devotional spirit. As we stand 
 beneath the towers and pinnacles of one of the great 
 cathedrals of England and watch the ribbed arches 
 mounting upward, until they meet above our heads, 
 like angels' fingers clasped in prayer, we feel that past 
 ages are really speaking to us in the language of stone, 
 and are overpowered by the consciousness of a religious 
 life which has gone before us. 
 
 But, somehow, in the cathedrals of the past, even in 
 those of England itself, there is a sense of incomplete- 
 ness. Nothing is finished. It is as though the build- 
 ers were struggling to express a thought that was too 
 great for them, and must leave it for future generations 
 to spell out more plainly than they, Christ's description 
 of a house of prayer. 
 
 Shall the cathedrals of the future carry on the work 
 which these so well began, and bring to future genera- 
 tions a deeper, fuller realisation that each cathedral 
 church is none other than the House of God, the gate 
 of Heaven ?
 
 THE CATHEDRAL BUILDING. 83 
 
 St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice is unsurpassed in 
 popular estimation as an historic shrine of early Chris- 
 tian art. But there is an influence in St. Mark's greater 
 than any artistic attraction. As we enter between portals 
 and clustered columns, the leafy capitals of which 
 seem to be tossing and waving in some pentecostal 
 gale, we are carried backward a thousand years, and 
 feel a spell which no mediaeval theology can create. We 
 behold on all sides the Bible in stone, the Te Deum in 
 stone. 
 
 Surrounded by the men of all ages, " of whom 
 the world was not worthy," we walk beside Christ, 
 and under the shadow of His blessed life, from Bethle- 
 hem to Calvary ; and then, comes not only a surprise, 
 but an inspiring lesson from the early Church. The 
 Crucifixion and Resurrection are not represented as 
 the climax of the Gospel story. They are portrayed 
 upon the soffit and spandrel of a low bending arch 
 the doorway to the triumph beyond and there, high 
 up, in the bright sunshine of the central dome, amid 
 the molten gold of " a sea of glass like unto crystal," 
 sits enthroned the Ascended Christ, our Prophet, Priest 
 and King. 
 
 Is there not here an echo of that eucharistic note of 
 heavenly victory and superhuman joy which rings 
 through the New Testament ? The one vision cease- 
 lessly before the early Christians was that of the cruci- 
 fied Christ, now sitting at the right hand of God. His 
 last words were ever ringing in their ears : " All power 
 is given to Me in heaven and on earth;" the one 
 prayer ever upon their lips was : " Thy kingdom come, 
 Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven ;" their one
 
 84 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 dominant feeling was, that they must " Rejoice ever 
 more, pray without ceasing, in every thing give thanks, 
 for this was the will of God concerning them;" and no 
 cathedral can ever adequately express Christ's ideal of 
 a house of prayer for all nations, unless it continues 
 this Apostolic hymn of praise. 
 
 While the Cathedral of our Church in Washington 
 must stand as a witness for the simplicity of the Gos- 
 pel, and inspire men to live the life portrayed by our 
 Lord in the Sermon on the Mount ; while its dim 
 religious light ushers us into that same atmosphere of 
 prayer and devotion that we feel in the great cathedrals 
 of the Middle Ages ; while its prophetic message to 
 human souls proclaims that the kingdom of Heaven is 
 at hand, when the earth shall be full of the knowledge 
 of the Lord as the waters cover the sea ; it must also 
 set forth, as the source of all inspiration, the Incarna- 
 tion of the Son of God. 
 
 The Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul, while it 
 enshrines whatever attracts us in the Christian archi- 
 tecture of the past, must, above all, rise to those sub- 
 lime heights of faith which St. Peter and St. Paul 
 attained ; while its every stone cries out, " Hosanna to 
 King David's Son," the whole majestic pile must be a 
 great Sursum Corda, proclaiming to all people, in God's 
 House of Prayer, the triumph of the Cross, the majesty 
 of the Ascended Christ, the glory of His growing King- 
 dom of Heaven on earth, and the love of our Reigning 
 King. 
 
 The Cathedral Church itself, like its altar, must be 
 an Apostles' Creed in stone.
 
 THE FINANCIAL OUTLOOK. 85 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 The Financial Outlook. 
 
 In January, 1898, the Cathedral Foundation possessed 
 a valuable charter from Congress and eighteen acres 
 of land ; on the one hand, entirely unsuited for its 
 purposes, and, on the other, encumbered by the impos- 
 sible condition that the property was to revert back to 
 the donors, unless buildings costing five hundred 
 thousand dollars were erected upon it before 1903. 
 
 Before the ending of that same year 1898 the 
 Cathedral Foundation had come into full possession of 
 Mount Saint Alban, the most valuable and beautiful 
 site for a cathedral in the whole District of Columbia, 
 covering a domain of over thirty acres and situated in 
 that suburban vicinity which will be undoubtedly the 
 centre of the residential part of Washington within this 
 present century. For this property $245,000 was asked, 
 and the land was bought, leaving $162,000 on bond 
 and mortgage. 
 
 The efforts of the Bishop and some of the Board of 
 Trustees, it is needless to say, have been constant and un- 
 remitted to reduce the mortgage ; aud, to-day, those 
 efforts are as earnest as ever. But the labor has been an 
 arduous undertaking for the permanent inhabitants of 
 Washington, with scarcely an exception, are far from
 
 86 THE BUILDING OP A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 wealthy ; while such transient residents as I statesmen, 
 Government officers, Members of Congress and people of 
 large means, who give to Washington the reputation of 
 a wealthy city, really look upon themselves, as a rule, 
 only as temporary sojourners, and are wont to feel more 
 public spirit in the church work and the religious 
 and social conditions of the cities which they call their 
 home than in Washington, even though it is the cap- 
 ital of the United States. Under such circumstances, 
 paradoxical as it may seem, by far the largest amount 
 of help which has brought the Washington Cathedral 
 to its present healthy financial condition has come 
 from those far-seeing and public-spirited churchmen in 
 various parts of the country who realise the important 
 and influential position which this Cathedral is destined 
 to occupy in the future. 
 
 In this connection it may be of interest to state that 
 several thousand dollars were contributed by per- 
 sons, in various parts of the country, in the following 
 manner : 
 
 The Cathedral land cost nearly twenty cents a foot ; 
 and shortly after it was bought,'* Founder's Certificates " 
 were issued to those who could only contribute in small 
 sums, stating, first, that the holder, by a donation of 
 one dollar or more, had given so many square feet of 
 land (five feet for $1.00 ; twenty-five feet for $5.00, etc.) 
 to the Cathedral Foundation ; and secondly, that his 
 or her name would be inscribed in a " Book of Remem- 
 brance," to be kept in a place, specially prepared for it, 
 in the chancel of the future Cathedral. Such a fire- 
 proof receptacle is now being built into the wall of the
 
 THE FINANCIAL OUTLOOK. 87 
 
 Little Sanctuary, at the side of the Jerusalem Altar. 
 Subscribers are constantly asking for these Founder's 
 Certificates. The number is not large, but they belong 
 to widely-separated dioceses and missionary jurisdic- 
 tions ; they show that there is a widespread interest 
 among church people in the Cathedral at the capital 
 of the country, and that this interest is lasting. Occa- 
 sionally offerings of several hundred dollars have thus 
 been made for the redemption of the land, but, as a 
 general thing, the Founder's Certificates represent 
 gifts of from one to five dollars. 
 
 But this method of raising necessary funds has been 
 very slow. While there are encouraging indications 
 of quite a general interest in this work, it is confined, 
 naturally, to the comparatively few, who behold the 
 national, as well as parochial and diocssan, aspects of 
 the Church's responsibility, and comprehend the import- 
 ance of founding this great Mission Church at the 
 capital of the nation. 
 
 For the sake of nationalising such an Episcopal 
 Cathedral it is of course far better that a large number 
 of persons should offer small gifts, than that there should 
 be a small number of large benefactors. But this can 
 scarcely be expected until believers in Christ and His 
 Church generally realise the object and purpose of the 
 Washington Cathedral. 
 
 In the meantime, financial aid for immediate needs 
 has been absolutely required. The interest on the 
 mortgage alone, in the past four years, has been more 
 than $25,000. And, therefore, it was necessary to 
 appeal to those who could give in far greater sums ;
 
 88 THE BUILDING OP A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 and their response has been so generous and helpful 
 that, in those four years intervening between 1898 and 
 1902, the Cathedral and its work have been placed 
 upon a much more enduring basis. 
 
 In that time, the debt has been reduced over 
 $40,000, and all interest and taxes have been paid to 
 date. The Cathedral School has been built, at a cost 
 of over $200,000 ; $30,000 more has been raised for its 
 furniture and equipment, and the School, in the first 
 year of its existence, has become already self-supporting. 
 All Hallow's Gate and the Little Sanctuary are in 
 course of erection. Streets have been opened and 
 houses built, in the immediate neighborhood, and the 
 land has correspondingly arisen in value. In a word, 
 that same Cathedral Foundation, which in 1898 pos- 
 sessed nothing in the way of available assets, has to-day, 
 four years later, a property worth more than $500,000, 
 which is mortgaged for about one-fourth its value. 
 
 The greatest financial need at the present day is the 
 speedy payment of the mortgages upon the Cathe- 
 dral land, aggregating the sum of $120,000. These 
 have been covered by notes, held by various parties, 
 and bearing five per cent, interest. After careful con- 
 sideration the Board of Trustees have recently made 
 a very advantageous arrangement in the way of refund- 
 ing this debt. They have paid off the various notes ; 
 made a single mortgage upon the property, which is 
 now covered by one hundred aud twenty notes of one 
 thousand dollars each ; which bear four and a half 
 per cent, interest, and can be paid off at any time. In
 
 THE FINANCIAL OUTLOOK. 89 
 
 the meantime the Bishop is straining every 7 nerve to 
 raise the principal.* 
 
 Nor ought this to be a difficult task. For a solid 
 foundation has now been laid. As will be seen by every 
 thoughtful reader who peruses these pages, the educa- 
 tional and missionary work of the Cathedral Founda- 
 tion is far in advance of the building itself, and the 
 institution is now in a position to command justly the 
 confidence of the community. 
 
 These are perfectly normal conditions. The spiritual 
 and religious need is far greater than the temporal 
 supply. Under such circumstances, the appeal of the 
 Cathedral Foundation is not, primarily, for financial 
 aid but for a true understanding and intelligent interest 
 among churchmen at large, regarding the nature, value 
 and efficiency of its work. If the actual facts were 
 known and realised, such interest would naturally 
 follow ; and in proportion to this inward sympathy 
 with the Cathedral and its aims, would be the outward 
 and material aid afforded. So far as that work itself 
 is concerned, the progress made in the past four years, 
 surpasses all anticipations. And if financial resources, 
 commensurate with this development, have not, as yet, 
 been supplied, the Cathedral workers must patiently 
 and hopefully bide God's good time, walking by faith 
 
 *This is, in feet, considerably less than the amount which has 
 already been raised by the Bishop of Washington during the past 
 five years, for in that time, he has secured from the few who have 
 believed in the Cathedral of Washington from its beginning, over 
 $200,000 for the Cathedral land, the Cathedral School and the 
 Cathedral mission work. Yet it must be borne in mind that the 
 number of such persons known to the Bishop is limited, and it is 
 ungenerous to expect that these who have so generously stood 
 in the breach at the time when the Cathedral Foundation most 
 needed help should bear the whole burden.
 
 90 THE BUILDING OF A CATHEDRAL. 
 
 and not by sight, with thankful hearts for what has 
 already been accomplished. There is unquestionably 
 need of such patience, for they can not, and ought not, 
 to shut their eyes to the fact that the mortgage, which 
 still rests upon the land, is an unpaid debt. This 
 inevitably gives rise to a mental burden of uncertainty 
 and insecurity which will never be dispelled until the 
 mortgage is cleared off. All are looking forward to 
 that day when fresh help and new friends will be found 
 to free the land from debt and create a general feeling 
 of confidence among the church people of our country 
 in the Cathedral of Washington, and make its founda- 
 tions absolutely secure and permanent. 
 
 When one hundred and twenty persons come for- 
 ward to assume each the payment of one of the 
 thousand-dollar notes, the whole mortgage upon the 
 land will be cleared off and the Cathedral Close will 
 be freed of all encumbrance. If, in addition to this, 
 $40,000 more can be raised, the irregular line of the 
 Cathedral property on the east and south will be 
 squared, by purchase of additional lands, so that 
 it will front upon Galveston and Thirty-fifth streets 
 in the same way that it now fronts upon Mas- 
 sachusetts and Wisconsin avenues at the southwest and 
 west ; and upon Woodley road at the north. It is the 
 unanimous judgment of the Board of Trustees that 
 these additional lots should be secured without delay, 
 and none are more urgent than those business men 
 and old residents of the city who have closely watched 
 the development of Washington for the past forty 
 years.
 
 [PUBLIC No. 14.] 
 
 An Act to incorporate the Protestant Episcopal Cathedral Foundation of the 
 District of Columbia. 
 
 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
 States of America in Congress assembled, That William Paret, John S. 
 
 B. Hodges, William Keyser, of Maryland ; Melville W. Fuller, Walter 
 S. Cox, George William Douglas, Randolph H. McKirn. Thomas Lin- 
 coln Casey, John G. Parke, John M. Wilson, Henry E. Pellew, John 
 A. Kasson, Charles C. Glover, George Truesdell, E'lward J. Stell- 
 wagen. Alexander T. Britton, Calderon Carlisle, Henry E. Davis, Theo- 
 dore W- Xoyes. of the District of Columbia ; Levi P. Morton. William 
 
 C. Whitnev. of New York ; George W. Childs. Brinton Coxe, of Penn- 
 sylvania : John S. Lindsay, of Massachusetts ; Marshall Field, of Illinois; 
 George F. Edmunds, of Vermont ; George W. Curtis Lee. William 
 Wirt Henry, of Virginia, their associates and successors, are hereby 
 constituted a body politic and corporate by the name of the Protestant 
 Episcopal Cathedral Foundation of the District of Columbia, with 
 power to sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, and have perpetual 
 buccession ; to acquire, take by devise, bequest, or otherwise, hold, 
 purchase, encumber, and convey such real and personal estate as 
 shall be required for the purposes of its incorporation ; to make and 
 use a common seal, and the same to alter at pleasure ; to choose a board 
 of trustees consisting of not more than fifteen, of whom five shall con- 
 stitute a quoru.ni to do business, and which board shall be authorized 
 to fill any vacancies in their number ; to appoint such officers and 
 Agents as the business of the corporation shall require, and to make 
 by-laws for the accomplishment of its purposes, for the management of 
 its property, and for 'the regulation of its affairs : Pr ortded, hou-eirr, 
 That bishop of the diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the 
 United States of America of which the District of Columbia shall or 
 may form the whole or a part shall be ex officio one of .said trustees 
 and shall be chairman thereof: And further provided. That no part of 
 the property of said corporation shall be aliened or encumbered without 
 the written concurrence of the said bishop of the diocese aforesaid. Said 
 corporation is hereby empowered to establish and maintain within the 
 District of Columbia a cathedral and institutions of learning for the 
 promotion of religion and education and charity. The said corporation 
 shall have power to grant and confer diplomas and tin- usual college 
 and university degrees and honorary degrees, and also such other 
 powers as may be necessary fully to carry out aud execute the general 
 purposes of the said corporation as herein appearing. 
 
 SKC. 2. This act may be amended or repealed at any time by the 
 Congress in its pleasure. 
 Approved, January 6, 1893. 
 
 The Cathedral Charter
 
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