CHICAGO, 
 
 ROCK ISLAND 
 
 AND PACIFIC 
 
 RAILWAY 
 
 COMPANY 
 
 NEW MEXICO 
 
 BANCROFT 
 
wbu^ 
 
 University of California Berkeley 
 
NEW 
 
 MEXICO 
 
 TKe Land 
 of Sunshine 
 
* ~r 
 
 New Mexico 
 
 THE LAND OF 
 SUNSHINE 
 
 Setting forth some good reasons 
 
 why YOU might become a citizen 
 
 of New Mexico to your very 
 
 great advantage 
 
 Passenger Traffic Department 
 
 Rock Island Lines 
 
 Chicago. 1907 
 
New IMexico. 
 
 When a man chooses a new place for a home he carefully 
 considers certain prime factors which are the conditions of ex- 
 istence, prosperity and happiness in that place. First h.e asks 
 about the climate, which, in the long run, is greater than any 
 man. Then he considers questions of soil, products, trans- 
 portation, government, population, education, taxation, facilities 
 for banking, worship, recreation, and other of the perfected 
 agencies of American civilization. When he thus knows the 
 essentials of life in a given place he is prepared to decide like 
 a wise and sane man whether he wishes to live in that place. 
 The man who thus deliberately chooses a new home is a man 
 to be welcomed and honored in life and remembered in death. 
 Such a homeseeker the Rock Island Lines beg the distinction 
 of serving. 
 
 44 What about New Mexico?" 
 
 is the question that is being asked to-day by thousands of home- 
 seekers from all parts of the country. 
 
 As New Mexi-o as a whole is a very large proposition, with 
 a wide variety of soil, climate, elevation and industrial condi- 
 tions, let us confine the question to narrower limits: "What is 
 this country west of Texas that they call New Mexico?" If 
 we call it the country west of Texas, we simplify matters to 
 begin with. 
 
 Because New Mexico may be colored green, or some other 
 color, on the maps, and Texas, perhaps, red, and Oklahoma a 
 different color still, one is led to suppose that the countries 
 are as different as the colors on the map. But really they are 
 very much the same. The land is not of a different color, nor 
 are the live-stock across the boundary line of a different pat- 
 tern. The land is higher as you approach the mountains, and 
 you generally, but not always, go deeper for water, but it is 
 good land, and good water, as in Texas or Oklahoma. 
 
 Free Homesteads in New Mexico 
 
 New Mexico settled long before our northern west, or 
 our northern east, for that matter, and the children of the first 
 families, who brought the Merino sheep and the Malaga grape, 
 are there to-day, and are "well-fixed." Our northern and 
 eastern people spread out slowly, filling up state after state, 
 passing the Ohio, the Mississippi, and then the Missouri. Now 
 they are going into New Mexico, pouring in, one might say. 
 
15,000 Families Settled There in Eight 
 
 'Mdnths. 
 
 Do you remember the rush to Oklahoma, and how long it took 
 to fill up the country that the eastern editors could not find 
 words to anathematize ? Now there is a movement to New Mex- 
 ico, the last Territory with government land free to the home- 
 steader. The immigrants are gathering, like some eastern pil- 
 grimage, from nearly every state in the Union, selling high- 
 priced land and taking up equally as good at next to no cost at all. 
 
 "Uncle Sam has land enough to give us all a farm," 
 so the old song ran, but the old gentleman is almost through 
 cutting up the estate. In a year or two he will say : 
 "All gone, my children." A writer from New Mexico, in the 
 Outlook recently, arguing that the "prairie schooner" is not a 
 thing of the past, says: "During the eight months thus far 
 elapsed of this year more than fifteen thousand families have 
 established their homes in eastern and southern New Mexico, 
 and fully half of these have journeyed to their new homes in 
 'prairie schooners.' " And he adds that his own little valley, 
 not a hundred miles long, that eight months ago was inhabited 
 only by widely scattered ranchers and Mexican sheep-owners, 
 has since been invaded by an army of immigrants a thousand 
 strong, coming from Texas, Oklahoma, Indian Territory, Ar- 
 kansas, Missouri, Kansas and Georgia. Thousands, as we know, 
 are going in over the Rock Island-Frisco lines. 
 
 Think of New Mexico as the Rock Island-Frisco country 
 adjoining West Texas. If we divide the United States into 
 three parts, eastern, central and western, we will find the Mis- 
 sissippi River making one dividing line, and the Rocky Moun- 
 tains another, with eastern New Mexico falling into the middle 
 section, part of it being in the drainage basin of the great river 
 and part in that of the Rio Grande. As to latitude, New Mex- 
 ico lies between the 32nd and 37th degrees north, as indicated 
 by Savannah, Georgia, and Norfolk, Virginia, on the eastern 
 coast, and from a point fifty miles below San Diego to Santa 
 Cruz, on the Pacific. But while these places are on the coast, 
 we must bear in mind that New Mexico, the Rock Island coun- 
 try west of Texas, is elevated from 4,000 to 7,000 feet above 
 the sea, with the ranges of the Rocky Mountains close to its 
 back; that it has no swamps, and is sheltered from the fog- 
 bearing winds of the sea. 
 
 Through this country, from the Texas Pan-Handle, the 
 Rock Island-Frisco System runs in a southwesterly direction, 
 climbing to the ridge at Torrance, about half way to the Mex- 
 ican border, and dropping to the Rio Grande at El Paso (the 
 pass, or gateway) at 3,700 feet. And while you may find some 
 harmless horned toads to send back east for souvenirs, you 
 won't find a mosquito in the whole country. 
 
 Put this down in your notebook : New Mexico, with Ari- 
 zona, will be the last state, within our continental borders, to 
 enter the Union, and it is the last of the great southwest to 
 offer a welcoming hand to the home-seeker. NEW MEXICO HAS 
 
 MORE FREE HOMESTEADS THAN ANY OTHER STATE OR TERRITORY. 
 
 "And what do they raise in that country west of Texas?" 
 is the next question of the home-seeker. 
 
 "Just about what they raise in the Pan-Handle, only gener- 
 ally a little bigger and a little better," replies the New Mexican, 
 with pardonable pride. It would do the enquirer good to attend 
 one of the county fairs held every fall at Tucumcari,- Clayton, 
 Santa Rosa, Lincoln or Alamagordo. Perhaps he will remember 
 the fine Territory exhibit at the St. Louis Exposition. 
 
 Everything earth yields seems to be here, and of the finest. 
 Grains of all kinds, from the best milling wheat to the big golden 
 ear of maize and the larger heads of kaffir corn and milo maize. 
 Vegetables of every sort, potatoes, sweet and white, beets, 
 squashes, pumpkins, melons, etc., all of mammoth proportions and 
 delicate flavor; and fruit, too, of bewildering variety peaches, 
 plums, apricots, nectarines, tumas, figs, Japanese persimmons, 
 
New Mexico is Very Fruitful. 
 
 apples, pears, quinces, grapes and berries ; in fact, everything but 
 the citrus fruits, and all as fine as the finest and as sweet as the 
 sweetest. 
 
 For example : In 1901, at the Pan-American Exposition, the 
 apples of New Mexico were conspicuous and received first 
 prize, while in 1900 the New Mexico apples were carried across 
 the continent and the Atlantic Ocean to the Paris Exposition, 
 receiving second premium in competition with the famous ap- 
 ples of France and England. Similar were the results of the 
 exhibits of New Mexico apples at the Chicago and St. Louis 
 Expositions. At Buffalo, an agricultural and horticultural ex- 
 hibit from New Mexico received two gold medals, and five 
 certificates of honorable mention in competition with the entire 
 continent. At St. Louis, New Mexican peaches took first pre- 
 mium in competition with peaches from California. The follow- 
 ing were among the exhibits at a recent agricultural fair in the 
 Territory: Barley, 7 feet high; oat heads, 30 inches long; 
 apples, 16 inches in circumference and weighing 28 ounces ; 
 pears, 9 ounces, and peaches, 12 ounces; Muscat grapes, 25 
 ounces per bunch; nectarines, 6 ounces, and watermelons, 40 
 
 Melons Between the Corn. 
 
 pounds; cabbages, 42 pounds; a bunch of 9 sweet potatoes 
 weighing 18 pounds, et cetera. 
 
 One might think, looking out on the gray plains, and then 
 on these displays of nature's w.ealth, that. there was some trick 
 in it. But before we go into details, let us borrow some pas- 
 sages from the report of Gov. Hagerman^of the Territory, who 
 surely will be admitted as a competent witness. Under date of 
 Sept. 15, 1906, he says : 
 
 All Conditions Good. 
 
 "The Territory was never in a more prosperous condition. 
 During the past year there has been more activity in all lines 
 of industry than ever before in the Territory of New Mexico. 
 The three greatest industries, upon which the w.elfare and pros- 
 perity of the people depend, the stock industry, agriculture 
 
 6 
 
Raising Live Stock a Big Industry. 
 
 and mining, have all shown great activity. The rainfall in 
 most parts of the Territory has been over the average and 
 well distributed throughout the year, resulting in unusually 
 good range conditions and in very gratifying results in many 
 farming districts, both in the mountains and on the plains, 
 where crops are being raised without irrigation. The good 
 grass and abundant water supply, both in running streams and 
 surface reservoirs, has resulted in a large percentage of increase 
 in the herds of cattle and sheep, as well as in small loss among 
 the grown animals. The wool crop, a source of great revenue 
 to the Territory, has been very large, and the market price of 
 both wool and sheep the highest they have reached for many 
 years. * * * 
 
 "In many sections of the Territory hitherto considered un- 
 productive it is being demonstrated that crops are being suc- 
 cessfully raised without irrigation by means of careful farming 
 and hard work. * * In several places in eastern New 
 M.exico and the adjoining counties of Texas, experimental 
 farms are being conducted under the dry-farming methods 
 a system which I believe will result in great benefit to the 
 whole arid west." 
 
 Live Stock. 
 
 By nature and tradition New Mexico is a stock-raising coun- 
 try. Her warm, dry winters; her even climate; her grass-cov- 
 
 New Mexico Sheep Ranch. 
 
 ered ranges, dotted with sweet-water springs, make it an ideal 
 stock country. Last January the Territory reported 948,000 
 cattle, valued at $15,788,000, being an increase from 852,000 head 
 in 1904, which were valued at $11,789,000. This was exclusive 
 of 21,800 milch cows, an increase of 1% in the past two years. 
 Sheep show a still greater increase, the Territory having 2,857,- 
 000 head in 1904 and 4,558,000 on the first of January last. For 
 sheep range, the hills and valleys of New Mexico are unex- 
 celled anywhere. It is a good country for hogs, too. Altogether, 
 New Mexico has gained nearly two million more head of stock in 
 the past two years. Of New Mexico as a sheep country, Gov. 
 Hagerman says: 
 
 7 
 
Sheep and Goats Very Profitable. 
 
 Pre-eminent as a Sheep Country. 
 
 "The climate and natural resources of the Territory are par- 
 ticularly adapted to the sheep business. On the 1st of January, 
 1906, the government reports showed that New Mexico had 
 nearly 4,000,000 head of sheep within her borders. On a con- 
 servative estimate of value these sheep were worth about $14,- 
 000,000. For the past two years the sheep business has probably 
 been the most valuable of any in the west. During the past two 
 seasons the Territory has been blessed with abundant moisture, 
 which has produced an excellent stand of grama grass. This 
 grass is the most nutritious known, and nature cures it where it 
 grows. The fact that New Mexico has been pre-eminently a 
 sheep-growing section was demonstrated by the Spaniards when 
 they settled here hundreds of years ago, as they brought into 
 the country large numbers of sheep of the Spanish Merino 
 breed. 
 
 "Great development has been made in the last ten years in 
 improving the sheep of this Territory. Many growers have 
 gone to great expense in getting the finest bred Merino and 
 Rambouillet bucks that could be found in the United States. 
 As a result of this breeding the quality of the wool has been 
 improved and New Mexico now produces, in some sections, as 
 fine a grade of wool as can be found in any state of the Union. 
 In number of sheep New Mexico ranks third in the United 
 States, being surpassed by Montana and Wyoming only. As 
 sheep are raised in every state and territory in the Union, it 
 can readily be seen how important this industry is in New 
 Mexico, when only two states contain more sheep. * * * 
 
 "The demand for New Mexican sheep by the packers and 
 feeders has been far in excess of the supply. It is a well- 
 known fact that sheep from New Mexico will dress out more 
 pounds of meat than any stock from other sections of the 
 United States. There is much less waste when sheep are 
 killed than results from those of the northern territories, and 
 for this reason the sheep from New Mexico are preferred to 
 all others. The demand for New Mexico sheep this year is 
 greater than it ever has been in the past. * * * The sheep 
 growers of New Mexico are in splendid financial condition, as 
 they have obtained fancy prices for their sheep and wool the 
 past few years. 
 
 Goats. 
 
 "Equally profitable and as free from difficulties is the rais- 
 ing of goats. Especially on the foothills and on the mountain 
 mesas goats do better than sheep. There are many thousand 
 square miles of profitable goat pasture in the Territory. In 
 Guadalupe, Lincoln, Otero and other mountain counties 
 there are many large goat farms, much attention being given 
 to high-grade Angoras. Incidental to the profit from the hair 
 of the Angoras, their skins and their meat, they will clear 
 land from brush and thus make it available for agriculture. 
 The goat is very hardy, will subsist upon a range that would 
 starve another animal, and is free from disease. There are 
 about 225,000 goats in the Territory, and room for as many 
 millions. 
 
 Lumber. 
 
 "One of the greatest business enterprises of New Mexico is 
 the lumbering industry. Few people not thoroughly informed 
 regarding the resources of this Territory realize that New Mex- 
 ico is one of the big lumber-producing commonwealths of the 
 United States. * * * When developed to its greatest possi- 
 bility this industry is bound to rank among New Mexico's great 
 
Rich in Coal Deposits. 
 
 Dipping Sheep. 
 
 material resources. * * * About 2,500 men are employed in 
 the lumbering camps and at the saw-mills. From the statements 
 of the owners and managers of the various lumber companies 
 it is evident that they are doing all in their power to co-operate 
 with the government to preserve the forests. As far as is 
 practical the lumbermen are attempting to protect young trees 
 and to guard against disastrous forest fires. One of the lum- 
 bering companies the Alamagordo Lumber Company, has of- 
 fered to deed its cut-over lands to the government for the estab- 
 lishment of a government forest reserve. Another company is 
 retimbering its lands by planting the hardy catalpa tree." 
 
 Coal. 
 
 In his report for 1905, the Governor spoke at some length 
 regarding the immense coal deposits of the Territory. This 
 subject is chiefly interesting to us here as foreshadowing the 
 future prosperity of this state to be, a prosperity in which the 
 farmer will naturally partake. He says: 
 
 "The area of the prospected coal lands is 1,500,000 acres, or 
 about one-fiftieth of the total area of the Territory. It is thus 
 seen that New M.exico is well endowed with fuel, the first 
 requisite for successful manufacturing, smelting and railroading. 
 The United States coal mine inspector reports that the coal in 
 sight in these prospected fields amounts to almost 9,000,000,000 
 tons, and at the present rate of production it will take six thou- 
 sand years to exhaust the fields now known. Considerable of 
 the coal is of good coking quality, and the production of coke 
 during the past five years was 200,000 tons. The coal produced 
 during the same period was 7,000,000 tons, valued at $10,000,000 
 at the mines." 
 
 The Governor goes on to speak of one seam of coal 40 feet 
 thick. New Mexico's prosperity is assured. There are also 
 large deposits of silver, copper, iron, lead, zinc and other metals, 
 besides many valuable minerals, such as salt, alum, sulphur, 
 graphite, gypsum, lime, etc. 
 
 10 
 
Truly an Agricultural State. 
 
 The New Mexico Farmer an 
 Aristocrat. 
 
 Lest some of the readers of this booklet might think we 
 were exaggerating when we speak of the wonderful possibilities 
 of New Mexico as an agricultural country, and that without the 
 aid of irrigation, which is, of course, an immense aid where it 
 can be resorted to, we take the following from the report of 
 the Governor for 1905: 
 
 "The up-to-date New Mexico farmer is the aristocrat of his 
 craft. * * * If his ranch is well located, he fears neither 
 excessive moisture nor drought, neither hard times nor panics. 
 There is always a good market in which his products command 
 top prices, and as to crop failure, it is out of the question if 
 he knows his business. New Mexico is attracting more 
 attention to-day than at any former time on account of its agri- 
 cultural possibilities. Home-seekers are coming into the Terri- 
 tory in great numbers, taking up or purchasing large areas of 
 land in valleys or on the mesas, and building new agricultural 
 communities of considerable importance." 
 
 Alfalfa. 
 
 Alfalfa is one of the most valuable crops of New Mexico. 
 It is profitably grown not only in the irrigated valleys, but on 
 the "benches" and wherever there is a water table within the 
 reach of the plant's roots, which may be twenty feet, or even 
 more. It is grown considerably in dry farming sections, where 
 there is no irrigation. In New Mexico, as in western Texas, 
 alfalfa does well in almost every class of soil. / The chemical 
 constituents of the soil seem to have little to do with the 
 growth of the crop, provided the surface is level and the roots 
 can get down to the water table, and the depth that the roots 
 will penetrate in search of water is almost incredible. It grows 
 well on light sandy loam as on the heaviest adobe. In fact, 
 about the only place that alfalfa will not grow is in a water- 
 logged soil. The area of alfalfa in New Mexico has increased 
 from 12,140 acres in 1890 to 63,000 acres in 1905. The average 
 annual yield in the Territory is about three tons to the acre. 
 (These figures are taken from the Governor's report.) The cost 
 of production, including taxes, harvesting, baling and delivery 
 
 Cutting Rye. 
 11 
 
12 
 
An Abundance of Grains. 
 
 to the car, does not exceed four dollars per ton, and the large 
 irrigation farmers produce it at a much lower figure. The 
 demand for alfalfa, aside from that of local consumption, conies 
 from cities and towns, mining and railroad camps, and the 
 thousands of isolated stock ranches scattered over the arid and 
 semi-arid sections, as well as a considerable demand from por- 
 tions of Texas and the republic of Mexico. At harvest time the 
 price of alfalfa is comparatively low, usually not exceeding $8 
 per ton, but the forehanded farmer who holds his crop until win- 
 ter usually gets from $10 to $13 per ton. Alfalfa farming has 
 proven very attractive and profitable and it is not surprising 
 that the area devoted to it has increased five fold in the past 
 fifteen years. As to the feeding value of alfalfa, it is conceded 
 throughout the country that it leads all other forage crops in 
 its total digestible food constituents and nitrogen contents. 
 
 Other Forage Crops. 
 
 "While alfalfa is the main forage crop, it is not the only 
 one. There are some twenty or thirty varieties of grasses 
 that grow wild upon the range and which are harvested for 
 hay, the chief, and probably the most nutritious being grama 
 grass, which during the wet years yields as high as two 
 tons to the acre. Large quantities of it are harvested on the 
 public range and sold during the winter or fed to stock. At- 
 tempts to cultivate the bromo grass, a drought and cold-resist- 
 ing forage crop of great value to stock men, yielding three to 
 four heavy crops per year, has proven successful, especially 
 on the upper Pecos. White clover does well, as do nearly all 
 the other forage plants of the temperate zone. Of late the 
 value of wild peas for the feeding of stock has been recognized, 
 and as the yield per acre in nutritive value is equal to that of 
 an acre of alfalfa, there is a future for those who will go into 
 the feeding of lambs and beeves in New Mexico, as the wild 
 pea and lupine requires very little attention. Oats do very 
 w.ell in the mountain valleys, as well as on the plains farms, 
 and the yield per acre is quite profitable. In fact, oats have 
 become a staple crop in the. northern part, even where the 
 raising of other crops is not attempted. The cultivation of 
 spineless cactus also opens vast possibilities to the stockmen, 
 for cactus^ and mesquite are as native here as are the sage brush 
 and the pinon. 
 
 Other Grains. 
 
 "Wheat is a sure crop in New Mexico if sown early. The 
 yield of wheat per acre is equal to the yield in the leading 
 wheat growing states. New Mexico wheat received first pre- 
 mium at the World's Fair at Chicago and at other expositions. 
 Before the building of the railroads, the Taos and other val- 
 leys of New Mexico w.ere considered the granaries of the 
 Southwest. Rye, barley, millet, and other cereal crops do as 
 well, and there is a good home market for all that can be 
 produced." 
 
 Heavier Yields than in the North. 
 
 The Governor is too conservativ.e. Perhaps he was afraid 
 that he would not be believed if he said that wheat yielded 
 twice as much in New Mexico as in the northwestern wheat 
 states, but he would be corroborated by the Department of Ag- 
 riculture. From the Government crop tables it will be seen 
 that the average yield of wheat in New Mexico in 1906 was 
 25 bushels to the acre, against an average of 12.4 bushels for 
 the Dakotas and Minnesota. Moreover, the value of an acre 
 of wheat in New Mexico is given at $20.75, against $7.85 for 
 the great wheat states named. The difference is even more 
 
Ranks High in Sugar Beets. 
 
 Beans and Kafflr Corn. 
 
 pronounced in favor of New Mexico when we consider the 
 hay crop, regarding which the Governor of New Mexico speaks 
 with such well-merited enthusiasm. The Department of Ag- 
 riculture report, just cited, shows that the average value of an 
 acre of hay in New Mexico in 1906 was $26.88, against $7.54 
 for the three states used in the above comparison, or, if it 
 claimed that a term of years would supply a much fairer test, 
 which is quite true, we find that, taking the past ten years, 
 the average value of an acre of hay in New Mexico was $25.28, 
 against $6.01 for the northwest! If figures prove anything, they 
 prove that farming pays in New Mexico. 
 
 Corn. 
 
 Corn (maize) stands next to alfalfa, in acreage and value 
 of total product. Kaffir corn (a variety of sorghum) grows as 
 well, if not better than ordinary corn, and in some parts of 
 the Territory is grown almost exclusively for feeding stock. 
 It yields from 25 to 50 bushels to the acre, besides producing 
 a large quantity of excellent stover. Both the grain and stover 
 are fed to cattle and sheep in the fattening pens. Kaffir corn 
 is an excellent drouth resister, and in northeastern New Mexico 
 is raised without irrigation. Sorghum also yields good crops 
 and in many localities is grown for its sugar content. 
 
 Sugar Beets. 
 
 New Mexico ranks first among localities best suited to the 
 growth of high-grade sugar beets. In nearly all localities where 
 good beets can be grown, there may also be found the neces- 
 sary fuel, limestone and water of good quality, as well as cheap 
 labor. In the face of these facts, it seems plain that New Mex- 
 ico will soon have its sugar factories. When it becomes known 
 that New Mexico is even better suited than Colorado for both 
 the growing of beets and the manufacture of sugar, capital will 
 develop this industry as it has others. The isothermal sugar 
 zone of 70, or that belt of the United States best adapted to 
 the growth of sugar beets, extends east and west across the 
 United States and embraces that portion having ^ a mean sum- 
 mer temperature between 69 and 71 F. Entering the north- 
 ern boundary of Colorado, it passes through the entire state 
 
Prospects Bright for the Farmer. 
 
 and into New Mexico, where it forms a loop in the extreme 
 southern part of the Territory, and passes upward again and 
 out at the extreme northwestern part. The entire agricultural 
 part has the proper climatic conditions for the cultivation of 
 sugar beets, although the Mesilla and lower Pecos valleys in 
 less degree than the more northern valleys. Beets when fully 
 matured have shown a high sugar content. Dr. Wiley, of the 
 United States Department of Agriculture, who is undoubtedly 
 the best authority in the country on sugar beets, says: 
 
 "It is evident that there are many localities in New Mex- 
 ico where conditions of temperature are most favorable to the 
 growth of beets. There are also large areas of comparatively 
 level lands which are capable of irrigation. Wherever the tem- 
 perature of these regions is sufficiently low to permit the proper 
 development of the beet, and where sufficient water for irriga- 
 tion can be secured, there is good reason to believe that the 
 industry may be established and prove to be profitable. While 
 the summer days of New Mexico are not so long by an hour 
 or more as in the regions farther north, the amount of sunshine 
 which the growing beets will receive is practically as great as 
 in more northern localities, because of the comparative absence 
 of cloudy or rainy days." 
 
 The same scientist tabulates analyses of sugar beets grown 
 in the different states and territories, from which it may be 
 seen that New Mexico grown beets have a higher percentage of 
 sugar than those of any state (of twelve) which at that time 
 had sugar factories in operation, and in purity of juice were 
 only exceeded, and that very slightly, by those of New York 
 and Wisconsin. The average of sugar content for eleven states 
 was 12.8, and for New Mexico, 17.2; and the average of purity 
 was 80, while the New Mexico beets tested 82. Do not these 
 facts indicate that northeastern New Mexico is destined to be 
 the sugar bowl of the country? 
 
 General Agriculture. 
 
 A chapter might be written on the methods of agriculture 
 pursued by the successful New Mexico farmer, but there is not 
 room for it here. We have aimed to give results methods are 
 easy to learn. The "Dry-farming" system, which every intelli- 
 gent farmer at the north puts in practice, more or less, has been 
 
 Harvesting Sugar Cane. 
 15 
 
New Mexico's Orchards Equal the Finest. 
 
 found to be very successful in the Pan Handle of Texas and in 
 eastern New Mexico. Do not get the idea that "dry-farming" 
 means desert farming nothing of the sort. You might as well 
 suppose that the kind of farming that they do in the east, which 
 might be called "w.et farming," means putting wooden shoes 
 on the horses, as they do in Holland. Dry farming is simply 
 the trick of making a little water go a long way; of making 
 fifteen or twenty inches do the work of crop raising better than 
 forty inches. In other words, demonstrating that a little water 
 judiciously used, is better than too much. Recognize our coun- 
 try, says the New Mexico farmer (formerly from the east or 
 the north), as an agricultural country, and you will soon catch 
 on. Look at the thousands of new homesteads that have been 
 entered and improved ; look at the new dwellings, the barns, 
 windmills, and other evidences of prosperity; look at the grow- 
 ing crops, or the crops in stack and barns, and look at the 
 stock, and see if it does not all testify to the goodness of the 
 land. Notice the new towns springing up along the Rock Island, 
 and see how the old towns are taking on new life. This is not 
 because of mineral wealth, though the Territory is one of the 
 richest mineral regions in the world, but because the country 
 is prospering agriculturally. This is an established fact. 
 
 Fruit. 
 
 We have spoken of the exhibits of New Mexico's fruit, and 
 their triumphs, at international expositions. New Mexico, in its 
 latitude and elevation, resembles the fruitful vales of northern 
 Persia, famed in all history for the great variety and delicious 
 quality of its fruit. The growing of fruit is assuming large 
 proportions in the Territory, where, on account of the great 
 amount of sunshine and the dry climate, there is little trouble 
 from insect or fungus pests. It may already be said that the 
 orchards of New Mexico are fully equal to those of the finest 
 horticultural sections of the United States. The apple flour- 
 ishes in Lincoln and Otero counties, and is being extended suc- 
 cessfully to the draws and valleys of the northern counties. An 
 apple tree in Otero county in 1900 yielded 6,000 pounds of fruit. 
 Other pomacious fruits, like the pear and quince, thrive as well 
 as the apple, but these are not so important nor are they planted 
 so extensively. The pear has a marked adaptability and thrives 
 
 Fruit Orchard Three Years Old. 
 16 
 
Grapes Grow Well. 
 
 Drying Fruit. 
 
 on the heavy adobe soil, seldom showing blight. The trees 
 usually bear early, and are long-lived and hardy. 
 
 The peach succeeds in all the fruit-growing sections of the 
 Territory and usually begins to bear at three years from the 
 time of planting. The tendency of the trees is to overbear, and 
 it becomes necessary to thin the fruit. A peach orchard of 
 3,000 trees has yielded 100 tons of fruit. In size and quality, 
 New Mexico peaches are not excelled anywhere in the country. 
 The fruit, as a rule, are highly-colored, due doubtless to the 
 more continuous sunshine during the ripening period, and from 
 the same cause are rich in sugar and are highly flavored. The 
 profitable period of the peach tree here is ten or fifteen years. 
 By replanting an orchard at intervals of five to eight years a 
 profitable orchard can be kept up almost indefinitely. In New 
 Mexico, the apricot gives evidence of a longevity greater than 
 that of any other orchard tree, with the possible exception of 
 the pear. At Santa Fe, seedling apricot trees are known to be 
 two centuries old. 
 
 Cherries and plums are being successfully cultivated and 
 there is a growing demand for these fruits. The English 
 Morello and other sour cherries do especially well, and are as 
 highly flavored as in the east. The Gages, Damsons and egg 
 plums, and other old English varieties of plums, are found to 
 succeed, as do the Japanese sorts. 
 
 The Territory is celebrated for its grapes, and; like Texas, 
 it enjoys the distinction of being able to raise both the Vinifera 
 and the Labrusca varieties. The so-called California grapes do 
 finely, and these are the kinds grown for market. The native 
 or American grapes are also satisfactory for commercial pur- 
 poses, and are mostly grown for family use. The Diamond, 
 Concord, Catawba, and other eastern varieties do well in the 
 northern counties. It is estimated that there are over fifteen 
 thousand acres of vineyard in the Territory. 
 
 Small fruit does well and yields big profits, especially cur- 
 rants, raspberries and gooseberries, which obtain a size and 
 flavor that are nowhere excelled in this country. The prospect 
 for canneries and preserving plants in New Mexico is very 
 bright. 
 
 17 
 
New Mexico Growing Rapidly in Population. 
 
 New Mexico's 
 Population. 
 
 To say that the Territory of New Mexico has a population 
 of 300,000 means little. Many cities in the east have more peo- 
 ple, though they may have a much smaller proportion of pros- 
 perous inhabitants. But when we consider that in 1850, when 
 the Territory was organized, though it then included what is 
 now Arizona and a portion of Colorado, it had but 61,500, w,e 
 can understand the great change that has taken place in the 
 population. But a small portion is the natural increase of the 
 original inhabitants. The greater part of the New Mexican 
 citizenship of to-day is the stock that has drifted in from Texas, 
 from Mississippi, from Alabama, from Arkansas and Kansas 
 and from other states west of the Mississippi, with a sprinkling 
 of nervous, hustling northerners. But it is not only in popula- 
 tion that New Mexico has progressed during the past half- 
 century. A public school system has been established and is 
 being liberally maintained, its schools comparing favorably with 
 those of eastern cities of much larger population. Financially, 
 the Territory is in excellent condition; institutions are well sup- 
 ported and the bonded indebtedness is being paid off, with a low 
 rate of taxation. 
 
 Progressive Communities. 
 
 Here is what the Governor says of the condition of society 
 in the Territory: "The cities and towns are progressive, and 
 the idea that the Territory is upon the ragged edge of civiliza- 
 tion is entirely erroneous, for civilization is older in New Mex- 
 ico than in any other part of the United States. Every settle- 
 ment has its church and its school house, and social organiza- 
 tions and fraternities were organized in the centers of popula- 
 tion as long as fifty years ago, the Masonic and Odd Fellows' 
 lodges at Santa Fe, for instance, having both celebrated their 
 semi-centennial. Irrigation works, a network of railroads, mod- 
 ern mercantile establishments, colleges, academies, high schools, 
 institutions of learning and of charity, hospitals, sanitariums, 
 all testify to a spirit that aims to keep abreast with the times. 
 The larger towns have electric light works, two of the cities 
 have electric street railways, all of the larger towns have water- 
 works, four of the cities have free delivery mail, three rural 
 mail routes have been established, the Territory has entered 
 upon a program of good road building, and on every side there 
 are evidences of civic spirit and pride manifested in beautiful 
 homes, prosperous farms, and progress along every line of pub- 
 lic and private activity." 
 
 Union County. 
 
 Union county is the first reached from the Texas border, by 
 the Rock Island-Frisco lines, and is located in the northeastern 
 corner of the Territory. The county is as large as the Hawaiian 
 islands, and three times as large as the state of Delaware. The 
 Canadian river, flowing across the lower end of the county, is 
 its principal stream, and other streams are Ute Creek, Tram- 
 peras, Tucumcari, Los Cerros, Flag, Carriso, Major Long, Leon, 
 Palo Blanco, Hoi Keo, Currumpaw, Travesier and Dry Cimar- 
 ron. In the north are the Sierra Grande in which Mount Ca- 
 pulin, an extinct volcano, rises to a height of 9,000 feet. Ex- 
 tinct volcanoes, by the way, indicate a remarkably rich soil. We 
 take the following description from the official report: 
 
 "Stock raising is the principal industry and source of ^its 
 wealth. The mild winters, the free range, and the flourishing 
 grasses make stock raising very profitable here. Of the 60,000 
 
 18 
 
Union County Rich in Resources. 
 
 cattle on the range, many are a good grade of Herefords, and 
 a number of model stock farms are to be found. The number 
 of sheep exceeds 600,000, it leading all others in the Territory 
 in the sheep industry. At Clayton, the county seat, 3,000,000 
 pounds of wool and about 600 carloads of stock, are sold an- 
 nually, while buyers of lambs for feeding and breeding pur- 
 poses make frequent visits to Clayton and Folsom. Each year 
 100,000 lambs are shipped to Colorado and Kansas City points, 
 where they are fed for market. Of late years, quite a number 
 of cattlemen have been raising alfalfa on a small scale for 
 feeding purposes. Altogether, about 2,000 acres have been put 
 under cultivation. The sheep growers will undoubtedly soon 
 follow this example. The cattlemen are rapidly improving their 
 stock by importing registered cattle from the States. The rais- 
 ing of goats is a growing industry, as well as the breeding of 
 horses for market, both proving profitable. Railroads afford 
 good facilities for the shipment of stock. 
 
 Whenever water is available for irrigation purposes crops 
 of grain, vegetables and fruits can be raised with unvarying an- 
 nual success. There are a number of orchards in which every 
 variety of fruit of the temperate zone is raised. Wild fruits 
 and nuts grow in abundance along the streams and on the 
 
 Cattle Range, New Mexico. 
 
 mountain slopes. If the flood waters which run down the 
 river beds at certain seasons were stored, fully 100,000 acres 
 could be brought under cultivation. Many natural reservoir 
 sites exist. Dry farming will eventually reclaim many acres 
 in this county. Over 2,000 homestead entries have been made 
 since June, 1905. 
 
 Mining is in its infancy, but there are undoubted indications 
 of gold, silver, copper and lead ores in various precincts. Coal 
 deposits exist in the northern part, the veins being an exten- 
 sion of the Trinidad fields in Colorado. Fine mineral springs 
 are at Folsom, and there is but little doubt that artesian water 
 will be found at a moderate depth. 
 
 The climate is as good as is to be found in the United 
 States. The altitude, ranging from 4,000 to 8,000 feet, giving 
 the air a lightness that is especially beneficial in pulmonary 
 troubles. The nights are always cool, and the summer heat is 
 moderated by the altitude as well as the cool breezes from the 
 mountains, while the cold in winter is tempered by the constant 
 sunshine and protection which the mountains afford from high 
 winds. 
 
 19 
 
N^Va^rva^ 
 
 { \ &">> P ^--~^ V 
 
 ArroyohonJ B "<* ^AWSC 
 
 ORanches !' 
 ofTaos / _, 
 
 li l )f L LA NO 
 
 MAP OF 
 EASTERN PORTION 
 
 NEW MEXICO 
 
 Traversed by Rock Island Lines 
 
Nara Visa a Coming City. 
 
 The county seat is Clayton, situated in the northeastern part, 
 on the Colorado and Southern Railway. Here the Federal land 
 office for the northeastern part of New Mexico is situated. The 
 town has a population of 800, with electric light, water works 
 and good public buildings. 
 
 Nara Visa. 
 
 Nara Visa is 46 miles from Dalhart, and has about 500 popu- 
 lation. The town is only a year old and has over thirty busi- 
 ness houses, including seven general stores, two dry-goods 
 stores, one of which is valued at $100,000; a drug store, four 
 hotels, a National bank with deposits of over $70,000, two wide- 
 awake newspapers, two lumber yards and three coal yards. A 
 water works, ice and electric light plant have been organized, 
 and an active business men's club is busy inviting industries of 
 a varied character. Bonds have been voted for an $8,000 
 school, and churches and public buildings will soon follow. 
 
 Among the strong points of Nara Visa, the water is perhaps 
 the most important. It is pure, cold and soft, entirely free from 
 alkali, and is plentiful at a depth of 50 to 200 feet. The rail- 
 road wells here analyze 98 per cent. pure. The soil ranges from 
 a light, sandy loam near the Canadian river, to a heavy, dark 
 chocolate loam further north, and is very productive for small 
 grain, fodder crops and fruit. Corn yields 35 and 50 bushels, 
 and wheat 15 to 30 bushels on sod land. The latitude is the 
 same as that of Raleigh, N. C, with an altitude of 4,000 to 
 4,500 feet above the sea level, insuring a good ripening season, 
 with mild and equable weather both summer and winter. The 
 summer evenings and nights are always cool, and there is an 
 average of over twenty clear, sunshiny days to the month. The 
 climate is considered a specific for asthma, and some have come 
 here on that account alone. 
 
 Amistad. 
 
 Amistad, on the Tramperas prairie, north of Nara Visa, is 
 a settlement of about 250 families of Christian people of sev- 
 eral denominations from the north, who have founded this pro- 
 tective colony in Texas and New Mexico, where religious, edu- 
 cational and healthful social influences shall be secured for 
 themselves and their children. They have a church, school and 
 academy; general store, hardware store, lumber yard and hotel, 
 and are actively engaged in securing new industries. At lone, 
 20 miles west, is an Iowa settlement, which is doing finely. 
 Central City, 35 miles north of Nara Visa, has a bank and 
 store, and is an excellent opening for many kinds of trade and 
 business. It is in an artesian belt, which means that it is good 
 for alfalfa and fruit and vegetables. There are no negroes in 
 the neighborhood. About eight miles west is a settlement of 
 Hungarians, whose industry and thrift has made them many 
 friends. They are making themselves comfortable homes where 
 a few years ago the land could scarcely be given away. 
 
 One of the great needs of this country is a good nursery, 
 where fruit and other trees can be originated and domesticated, 
 and new and valuable varieties introduced. Mr. L. K. Egerton 
 has established a nursery at Nara Visa, and after considerable 
 experience in the Pan Handle and western Oklahoma, he says 
 that fruit and shade trees put out in the Nara Visa country 
 are doing better than any he has put out in any other section 
 of the southwest. 
 
 Mr. Willard Belknap, an attorney and successful ranchman 
 and farmer, writes that those who have cattle on range are 
 selling them off as rapidly as possible, as farming has practi- 
 cally ended the free range, but the homesteaders are going into 
 the stock farming business by raising hogs, beef cattle and dairy 
 
What One Man Did. 
 
 Orchard Near Nara Visa, N. M. 
 
 products. He adds that an association is being formed to 
 promote the raising of cantaloupes, and another of broomcorn 
 raisers, the soil and climate being ideal for both these prod- 
 ucts'. 
 
 By the way, the first sale of a deeded homestead in this sec- 
 tion, lying fifteen miles northwest of Nara Visa, with no im- 
 provements but a well, was made this August ('07) at $2,000. 
 Land in the Texas Pan Handle, five miles east of this point, 
 is selling at $8 to $15 per acre for the "raw stuff." In a radius 
 of twenty miles around Nara Visa there are about 137,000 acres 
 of deeded land, now priced at $8 to $15 per acre, and 75,000 
 acres of good land open to homesteaders. Most of the occu- 
 pants of homestead lands are preparing to commute, an evidence 
 that they are satisfied with the land and able to perfect their 
 titles in advance of the legal limit. 
 
 The soil in this part of Union county varies from a heavy 
 red sandy loam to a dark chocolate loam. All crops of the 
 Pan Handle are raised here, especially Kaffir corn, milo and 
 sorghum. Just east of here wheat has been extensively raised, 
 with as high as 40 bushels to the acre. Within a couple of 
 miles of Nara Visa last year 35 bushels of corn to the acre were 
 made on sod land. The rainfall here for June last was over 
 three inches. Here are a couple of letters from recent home- 
 steaders, which tell their own story : 
 
 $150 an Acre from Turnips. 
 
 I came to the Nara Visa country August 5, 1905, and made a 
 homestead entry on a quarter-section of free government land, 
 in January, 1906. I located on my claim and commenced to 
 break sod and get ready for a crop. I planted milo maize, 
 Kaffir corn and Indian corn, all of these crops doing well. My 
 Indian corn made 30 bushels to the acre on sod land; the fod- 
 der did not get so good a stand but I made two tons of fodder 
 to the acre. 
 
 I experimented with melons, cantaloupes and pumpkins and 
 they all made a success. I had half an acre of turnips and 
 gathered 125 bushels, weighing from four to five pounds each. 
 The turnips sold readily for 60 cents a bushel. 
 
 22 
 
Stock Raising in Quay County. 
 
 I put in fifteen acres of Indian corn the 17th of April; at 
 this date, June 22, it is about knee-high, and has a good stand. 
 I am well pleased with the Nara Visa country ; all any man has 
 to do is to go to work with the same energy as he would back 
 east and he will have no trouble about crops. 
 
 E. M. KERR. 
 
 "Corn, the Finest I Ever Saw." 
 
 I went onto my claim about the middle of January, 1907, 
 and with my son commenced to break the sod. We planted 
 fifty acres of Indian corn about the 10th day of May. It is now 
 looking the finest I ever saw. I have not had to plant any of it 
 the second time, and, in fact, I do not know of any one who 
 has planted corn the second time here this year. We have 
 planted twenty-eight acres of milo maize; it was planted about 
 the middle of May and is doing as good as I ever saw. We 
 have about nine acres of sorghum and are just about to sow 
 seven acres of millet. We have about an acre of Irish potatoes 
 sowed about the first day of May, and have already dug po- 
 tatoes as large as a hen egg. We have a small patch of alfalfa 
 with a good stand, and it is about seven inches high at this 
 time. We have over one hundred acres of crops in and every- 
 thing is doing well. We have plenty of rain and all any man 
 need to do to get good crops is to take hold and work. 
 
 The Nara Visa country is good enough for me. I came here 
 from the Cherokee Nation, and I consider this as good a coun- 
 try as I have ever seen, and the climate is the best. 
 
 G. W. PAYNE. 
 
 All kinds of grain and fodder, as well as fruits and vege- 
 tables, that may be grown in the Mississippi valley, have been 
 grown in this part of New Mexico for the past six years. The 
 country is especially fitted for raising hogs, poultry and dairy 
 cattle; the mild, open winter making it possible for all kinds of 
 stock to run out during the day, requiring shelter only during 
 the night or during an occasional "norther." The rainfall is 
 twenty to twenty-five inches, the larger part of which is during 
 the growing months. In fact, during last April and May (1907) 
 the rainfall of northeastern New Mexico exceeded that of the 
 northern Mississippi valley by about an inch each month. 
 
 Quay and San Miguel Counties. 
 
 Quay county lies directly south of Union county and the 
 eastern end of San Miguel, consisting almost wholly of the 
 great Pablo Montoya grant, and adjoins Deaf Smith and Old- 
 ham counties of Texas on the west. Following is from the of- 
 ficial report already cited: 
 
 "Quay is classed as a plains country, but it is by no means 
 entirely level, the surface being broken by hills and peaks, which 
 in spots rise to the dignity of mountains, all being foothills of 
 the great Rocky Mountain system. The southeastern portion 
 is part of the Staked Plains. The county is in the drainage 
 area of the Canadian River in its northern part. Besides the 
 Canadian, the Pajarito is the principal water course. The 
 Plaza Largo and the Trujillo are other streams, but are dry 
 part of the year. Basins or water holes dot the plains, which 
 are filled with water at times, forming lakes in the rainy sea- 
 son. 
 
 "Being a grazing country, the stock industry flourishes. On 
 its ranges are 150,000 sheep and 60,000 cattle. Tucumcari has 
 become a great wool-shipping center, the grade of wool pro- 
 duced being above the average. The mild winters and a good 
 supply of water make the county especially favorable to the 
 stock industry. 
 
 23 
 

 0S& 
 
 
Tucumcari a Very Important Place. 
 
 "Agriculture is also carried on upon a small scale, water for 
 irrigation being supplied chiefly from shallow wells. The water 
 can be raised by windmills or with gasoline engines. On the 
 Pajarito and around Tucumcari there are good farms. A be- 
 ginning has been made in raising fruit, the climate being espe- 
 cially adapted to horticulture, apiary, chicken farming and other 
 branches of husbandry. Dry farming gives encouraging results. 
 Excellent building stone is found, as well as clay for the mak- 
 ing of brick. The climate, like that of the rest of the Terri- 
 tory, is a specific for lung and throat trouble. The winters are 
 mild and the summers are cool, especially the summer nights. 
 The altitude varies between 4,000 and 6,000 feet. On July 1, 
 1905, there were 1,467,532 acres still subject to entry under the 
 Federal land laws, although around Tucumcari the land has 
 been pretty well taken up by homesteaders." 
 
 Tucumcari. 
 
 Tucumcari, 93 miles from Dalhart, is the county seat of 
 Quay county and the business town for the eastern part of San 
 Miguel, as it is close to the county line. Here the Rock Island- 
 Frisco line, on its way to El Paso, joins the Dawson branch of 
 the El Paso Southwestern, which runs up into the coal fields, 
 timber and mining country of Colfax county, and gives access, 
 through Raton and Trinidad, to the Colorado mining region. 
 From the east, the Rock Island-Frisco, which has already placed 
 its shops and roundhouse here, is building from Amarillo, thus 
 giving bee-line connection with Oklahoma City, Memphis and 
 the east. Another road is projected from central Texas, so that 
 the transportation necessities are well provided for. 
 
 Tucumcari has about 3,000 people, having doubled in popu- 
 lation in the past twelve months. There are two banks, with 
 deposits of over $400,000, while a year ago there was but one 
 bank, with less than $90,000. There is a fine $15,000 stone court 
 house, and a two-story brick school, costing $10,000; two news- 
 papers, three lumber yards, two wholesale merchandise and 
 commission houses, with agricultural implement and hardware, 
 two groceries, three drug stores, three general merchandise (the 
 business of one of which averaged $1,000 a day last year), one 
 tinshop and cornice works, two furniture houses, one bakery, 
 one photographer, one musical instrument house, an ice factory 
 and cold storage, cigar factory, broom factory, a wool-scouring 
 plant that ships some 2,000,000 pounds of wool a year, three 
 hotels, several restaurants, etc. There is also an electric light 
 plant, telephone service and good artesian water. 
 
 A valuable and profitable addition to Tucumcari would be a 
 well-managed sanitarium. The altitude is 4,194 feet, and the 
 climate, winter and summer, is all that could be desired. The 
 average temperature for 1905 was 57, and for 1906, 56.8, while 
 the lowest in 1905 was -11 and in 1906 -1. The highest in 
 1905 was 101, and last year 100. It should be added that in 
 this wonderfully dry atmosphere the extremes of heat and cold 
 are scarcely felt. The precipitation in 1905 was 22 inches, and 
 in 1906 it was 15.3. Average, 18.3 inches. The average precipi- 
 tation, May to August, inclusive, was 10 inches. 
 
 An illustration of the dryness of the atmosphere: Last Sep- 
 tember a collection of grain, fruit, vegetables, etc., was made 
 by the postmaster and exhibited in the postoffice, and a very 
 creditable exhibition it was, by the way. The big sweet po- 
 tatoes, beets, squash, pumpkins, etc., including a large water- 
 melon, remained on the floor until June last, when they were 
 seen by the writer, and they showed no decay. They had dried 
 up. Meat, when it is killed, may be exposed to the sun and 
 dried; it does not spoil. And the tubercle bacillus, which lives 
 on dampness, dries up also and ceases its torments. 
 
 25 
 
Some Examples of Success. 
 
 Many Testify ^to Fine Crops. 
 
 Revuelto, Palomas and Montoya are growing towns of Quay 
 county, the first named being ten miles east, on the line of the 
 new Choctaw road, and the others being stations on the El Paso 
 line. There is also a flourishing German settlement about four- 
 teen miles south of Tucnmcari. Here are some examples of 
 what Tucumcari soil can do, and they are only a few out of 
 half a hundred witnesses whose records we have. 
 
 Judge W. C. Patterson, general farming, made 40 bushels of 
 oats to the acre, beside a big crop of oat hay; two and a half 
 tons of beans, and four and a half acres of peanuts, which fed 
 four head of cattle, five horses and seventeen hogs. Judge Pat- 
 terson believes in peanuts. 
 
 R. M. Salyer has a thrifty orchard of apples, peaches, pears, 
 plums and cherries, besides a vineyard of various varieties. 
 
 William Murphy, near Tucumcari, made four cuttings of al- 
 falfa, the second being two and one-half feet high, the whole 
 totaling eight feet. 
 
 Harvesting Millet. 
 
 Capt. Langston, of near Tucumcari, last year, raised 270 
 bushels of corn on 9 acres, 25 tons of Kaffir corn on 10 acres, 
 25 tons of milo maize on 10 acres, 255 tons of cane on 30 acres, 
 3,600 Ibs. of Mexican beans on 3 acres and sold at three cents 
 a pound, 1,000 melons from l l /2 acres, and 300 pounds of peanuts 
 from y* acre. 
 
 A. A. Blankenship, of near Tucumcari, raised 200 bushels 
 of oats, 30 tons of maize and 5 tons of barley, from 90 acres of 
 sod, and sold $500 worth of hogs. 
 
 Earnest Dodson, eight miles south of Tucumcari, rented 25 
 acres to a neighbor for one-third of the crop, and his part 
 netted him $4 per acre. 
 
 E. H. Fullwood, of Tucumcari, a successful grower of broom 
 corn, has put up a broom factory to handle his crop. The 
 neighborhood will plant 1,000 acres this year. Last year he had 
 10 acres that produced one and one-half tons of oats per acre, 
 one-quarter acre of onions that yielded 1,000 Ibs., and four acres 
 of broom corn that made 100 dozen brooms, which he sold at 
 $4 per dozen. 
 
 Alfalfa last year produced two and three cuttings at $12 to 
 $15 a ton. Onions yielded 4,500 Ibs. an acre; broom corn, one- 
 quarter to one-half ton an acre; and corn, 20 to 50 bushels an 
 acre. 
 
New Mexico is Very Healthful. 
 
 .^. 
 
 An Interesting Letter. 
 
 TUCUMCARI, June 20. 
 
 I have been engaged in farming here for five years, on a 
 small scale, and have found it very profitable. I have raised 
 Indian corn for the last three years, the average yield being 
 about 25 bushels per acre. Last year's yield was better, owing 
 to the land being in a better state of cultivation. I have also 
 had splendid success with milo maize, Kaffir corn and oats, rye, 
 millet and Mexican beans. The soil is a dark, sandy loam, and 
 produces with less moisture than any lands I have ever culti- 
 vated. Water is generally shallow, though in some localities it 
 is deep. It is usually of good quality, though in places some 
 soda is met with. The climate is very good, with the exception 
 of high winds in the spring months. The evenings are always 
 cool and pleasant. 
 
 The country is being settled up with a good class of peo- 
 ple; thrifty farmers from Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri and 
 Texas, in fact, from most all states. Stock farming pays, as 
 the climate is well adapted to stock of all kinds. Hogs do un- 
 usually well. We have had a splendid market for all farm 
 produce. R. A. DODSON. 
 
 The Canadian river, with the Rio Concha and other tribu- 
 taries, flows through the eastern end of San Miguel county, and 
 the adjoining benches and plains offer promising opportunities 
 for grazing, fruit and alfalfa. Atarque, Canadian, Campana, 
 Chaves, Medio and Bell Ranch are points in this neighborhood 
 that are well worth looking up. The Bureau of Immigration 
 has this to say about San Miguel: 
 
 "It will be hard to find public lands in the valleys of the 
 streams or where springs or permanent lakes are situated. Nev- 
 ertheless, many good locations on the public domain are still 
 open, although it is not believed that any of them contain liv- 
 ing water. The public lands are excellent for grazing and ex- 
 perience has taught that upon many quarter-sections in this 
 county water can be developed by artificial means. Abundant 
 crops of cereals and vegetables can be raised wherever and 
 whenever sufficient water can be had. It is one of the leading 
 sheep raising counties in the Territory. There are also many 
 common goats raised and many cattle are owned and grazed 
 within its confines. 
 
 "During 1905 and 1906 several successful experiments in rais- 
 ing crops by intensive farming or by the dry culture method 
 were reported." 
 
 Alamo Ave., Alamogordo, N. M. 
 
 27 
 
Railroads Mean Rapid Development. 
 
 New Mexico Ranch Home. 
 
 A Mile High. 
 
 The land gradually rises as we go west and south, and at 
 Pastura we find ours.elves at an elevation of 5,285 feet, or nearly 
 1,100 feet higher than Tucumcari. At Torrance, which is a 
 junction point, and where cement works are located, we have an 
 altitude of 6,432 feet, and at Corona, a little beyond, we are 
 on the height of land, at 6,666 feet. If it were not that the 
 whole country was a natural sanitarium, and where simply liv- 
 ing out in the open air and going about one's business was to 
 insure sturdy good health, one might expect soon to see a big 
 health factory erected at Corona, or on the Mesa de Callo, near 
 by. If I were asked to name the three leading crops of this 
 country, I should say: health, Kaffir and cantaloupes. 
 
 Guadalupe County. 
 
 Guadalupe county is south of San Miguel and west of Quay. 
 The Governor's report says: 
 
 "The county is rapidly developing. A few years ago it did 
 not contain a mile of railroad, telegraph, or telephone line. It 
 was practically isolated from the world and even from its neigh- 
 boring counties. But since then the Rock Island and El Paso and 
 the El Paso and Northeastern railways have built into the 
 county, forming a junction at Santa Rosa. With the railroads 
 have come the telegraph, new towns, new settlers and new life. 
 It is, first of all, a stock country. This year (1905) it produced 
 3,000,000 pounds of wool, and the sheep on its ranges are esti- 
 mated at 600,000. Some of the highest grade wools produced 
 in New Mexico come from this county, the bulk being of De- 
 laine-Merino mixture. Cattle raising is an important business. 
 About 10,000 Shetland ponies and about 10,000 goats are in- 
 cluded in the county's wealth. In the eastern part are many 
 springs. On July 1, 1905, there were 1,562,578 acres subject to 
 entry. The Pecos river cuts through from northwest to south- 
 east, and in its valley are fertile agricultural lands. Its princi- 
 pal tributaries are the Gallinas, Enteros, Agua Negra, Chiquita, 
 San Juan de Dios, Alamogordo, Petrillo, Pintada, Salado, and 
 Los Lunas. The northwestern portion is in the drainage of 
 the Canadian; the Pajarito and Cuervo are the principal trib- 
 utaries. There are no modern or extensive irrigation systems. 
 The county has no high mountain peaks or ranges, but is never- 
 theless very rugged. The following land grants are in the 
 county: Preston Beck, Anton Chico, Perea and Agua Negra. 
 
Some of the Richest Soil on Earth. 
 
 "The crops raised are alfalfa, fruit, vegetables and cereals. 
 There are no developed mines, but indications of gold and cop- 
 per ores exist, and oil rock is quite prevalent, covering a large 
 area around Santa Rosa. Large deposits of good building stone 
 and some pine and cedar timber are found. The county will 
 always be a fine stock country, for it possesses vast stretches 
 of grazing lands that are not likely to be invaded by the farmer, 
 miner or factory hand. But it also has some good farming 
 possibilities. The soil is very fertile, and the building of storage 
 reservoirs or the development of water by means of windmills, 
 gasoline engines, or other power, will ultimately place large 
 tracts under cultivation. Fort Sumner is an old army post, and 
 near it is to be laid out a new town, to be known as Sunny- 
 side, and which is to be the principal settlement under the Lake 
 Urton reservoir project, under contemplation by the reclama- 
 tion service. It has a weekly newspaper and several stores. 
 Puerto de Luna, eight miles south of Santa Rosa, was the for- 
 mer county seat and is the center of a good agricultural dis- 
 trict. Pastura is the postoffice and shipping point for the sheep 
 ranches of the Salado Live Stock Company. Anton Chico and 
 Colonias are agricultural settlements. 
 
 Santa Rosa. 
 
 "The county seat is Santa Rosa, which consists of an old and 
 a new town, the latter having been laid out since the advent 
 of the Rock Island. Five hundred acres are embraced in the 
 town site, which is picturesquely situated on the Pecos river, 
 and platted around a plaza, one side of the plaza being reserved 
 for a modern hotel. It is a prosperous and growing trade and 
 stock center, with a population of 1,200. It has two weekly 
 newspapers, a bank, several churches and a good public school. 
 The new town is situated at an elevation of 4,600 feet. The sur- 
 rounding country, with the exception of the valleys along the 
 river, is prairie and devoted to cattle and sheep raising. Along 
 the valley splendid fruit, grain and vegetables can be grown 
 with the aid of irrigation. A remarkable example of the 
 well-and-windmill method of irrigation now exists in the county 
 at the Sumner ranch, eight miles north of Santa Rosa. The 
 town is sheltered by hills on two sides. It is subject to but 
 few of the windstorms so likely to spring up at any time in the 
 less protected uplands which make up the greater part of the 
 county. The country surrounding is not without its scenic at- 
 tractions and the climate is good. Santa Rosa sandstone quar- 
 ries are already well known. In addition to its local use the 
 superb sandstone, including solid red, white and gray colors 
 and variegated hues, should develop a shipping industry of wide 
 radius and profitable returns." 
 
 Lincoln County. 
 
 Comprising an area larger than the state of Connecticut, 
 Lincoln county has some 1,750,000 acres subject to entry under 
 the United States land laws, 88,700 acres being still unsurveyed. 
 Its lies within the drainage area of the Pecos river, although 
 only the headwaters of several of its tributaries are within its 
 lines. The Rio Hondo, one of its tributaries, is the largest 
 stream and has its tributary streams of clear, cool water known 
 as the Bonito, Eagle and Little Eagle, and Ruidoso creeks. 
 Storage reservoirs, to supplement the present primitive irriga- 
 tion systems, would increase the cultivated area, according to 
 the Governor's report, to 100,000 acres. 
 
 Climate and soil are very suitable for the raising of fruit and 
 grain. The orchards on the Bonito, the Ruidoso, and other 
 streams produce as fine fruit as can be raised in the United 
 States. Good crops of oats, wheat and barley are raised with- 
 
 30 
 
Promising New Towns Springing Up. . 
 
 out irrigation on some of the mesas. Even alfalfa is thus 
 grown. The following crop figures are taken from the official 
 report: Wheat yields 30 bushels to the acre; cabbage, 30,000 
 pounds, and grapes, four and a half tons to the acre. There 
 are in the county 200,000 sheep, 85,000 cattle, 1,000 goats and 
 3,000 horses. Naturally, it is a fine stock country, springs of 
 sweet water being frequent and the range good throughout 
 the winter. 
 
 The Carrizozo Valley, some sixty miles in length and twenty 
 wide, lies at the western base of the Capitan range, surrounded 
 by extinct volcanoes and lava beds, which, being interpreted, 
 means that it has the richest soil on earth. We wonder often 
 that the Neapolitan peasants cling so tenaciously to their scant 
 acres on the scarred side of Vesuvius, but it is because they 
 well know that the finest fruit and vegetables in Italy are raised 
 in that powdery volcanic soil, laboriously watered by hand. Mr. 
 N. S. RoSe, U. S. Commissioner at Carrizozo, thus writes of 
 the country: 
 
 Paradise of Pear Growers. 
 
 "The valley lies almost on the 33rd degree of north latitude, 
 and at an average altitude of about 5,500 feet, thus giving it a 
 matchless climate, free from extremes of either heat or cold, 
 and noted the world over for its healthfulness. The soil ranges 
 in depth from four to ten feet. It is a silt washed from the 
 mountains and is highly impregnated with mineral. It is for 
 the most part a light reddish sandy loam, and is superior to 
 the alluvial soil of the prairie states, producing almost any 
 crop grown in the north temperate zone. 
 
 "Growing crops are seldom troubled by insects or fungus dis- 
 eases, the almost continuous sunshine of the region preventing 
 the growth of fungi. Orchardists do not have to spray their 
 trees, and a wormy apple is an unheard-of thing, there being 
 no codling moths. Parker Earle, the well-known horticulturist, 
 alluded to this valley as a paradise for pear growers, stating 
 that he had been driven from various other places by the blight 
 until he had at last discovered that in New Mexico, his favorite 
 fruit reached its highest perfection in size, color and flavor, 
 and that the age to which the tree would live could not be 
 computed, as there is no blight. 
 
 "The soil also produces the best of cereal and vegetable crops, 
 and the new settler can depend on wheat, oats, corn, sorghum, 
 melons and all vegetable crops for support until his land can 
 be made more profitable by planting it to orchard. 
 
 To the farmer who has been used to taking his hogs to mar- 
 ket for a money crop this region offers particularly attractive 
 features, as the hog-cholera is unknown here, and there is al- 
 
 School House, Alamogordo, N. M. 
 31 
 
Alamogordo an Attractive City. 
 
 ways a good home market, with prices higher than in Kansas 
 City or Chicago. Experiments have been made which demon- 
 strate that milo maize and Kaffir corn fed to hogs bring even 
 greater returns than Indian corn. As these crops are easily 
 grown here, there should be no trouble in making the hog busi- 
 ness profitable. 
 
 "While there are a number of promising new towns starting 
 in the valley, the principal town and trading center of the re- 
 gion is Carrizozo, a division point on the El Paso and South- 
 western Railway, an extension of the Rock Island, which tra- 
 verses the valley lengthwise, thus giving it the best of trans- 
 portation facilities. Besides being the central point in the val- 
 ley, Carrizozo is the supply station for a vast stock range and 
 mining country surrounding the valley. To the north are the 
 copper mines and lumber mills of the Gallinas mountains, while 
 at the east are the camps of White Oak, Jicarilla, Nogal, Capi- 
 tan and Parsons, all producers of minerals, and two of them 
 having good coal mines as well. Again, at the southwest, and 
 some 30 miles distant, are the rich copper mines of the Oscuros." 
 
 Lincoln county is rich in coal as well as in the precious and 
 bas.e metals. The coal production of the Capitan mines has been 
 as high as 100,000 tons a year, and there are also producing 
 mines at White Oaks, near the Rock Island-Frisco line. The 
 extensive undeveloped coal fields and iron ore deposits presage 
 future industrial prominence. Fine timber covers the moun- 
 tain sides, and the Lincoln Forest Reserve, covering half a mil- 
 lion acres, is a Government pledge of the perpetuation of the 
 forests. There are several saw mills, one flouring mill, and a 
 number of reduction and cement works. At Fort Stantpn, the 
 United States Marine Hospital service maintains a sanitarium 
 for consumptives, thus giving official testimony to the superior- 
 ity of the climate of this part of N.ew Mexico. The Fort Stan- 
 ton reservation has an area of 28,000 acres. Gold, silver, copper 
 and lead are found in producing quantities in the southwestern 
 part of the county. 
 
 Otero County. 
 
 Otero county lies in the southern part of New Mexico, be- 
 tween the valleys of the Pecos and the Rio Grande. The streams 
 flowing from the Sierra Blanca in the north and the Sacra- 
 mento mountains in the middle of the Territory, offer oppor- 
 tunities for irrigation, some of which have already been utilized 
 with great success. A dam across the Rinconada canyon, near 
 Tularosa, which will impound sufficient water to irrigate 20,000 
 acres, is projected. A considerable acreage is under cultivation, 
 it being practicable to raise crops in parts of the Sacramento 
 and White mountains without irrigation, water being reached 
 at 20 to 200 feet. 
 
 The leading industries are stock raising cattle, sheep and 
 goats doing equally well ; mining, especially in the Jarillas, where 
 gold, silver, copper, iron, lead and turquoise deposits exist ; lum- 
 bering, there being thousands of acres of virgin timber lands 
 in the Sacramento mountains, and manufacturing, there being 
 lumber mills, tie-preserving plants, and railroad shops at Alamo- 
 gordo. The Mescalero Apache Indian Reservation and part of 
 the Lincoln Forest Reserve are in the county. 
 
 Alamogordo. 
 
 The county seat and largest town is Alamogordo, 4,500 feet 
 above the sea level, and probably the prettiest town in the Ter- 
 ritory; it has experienced the most remarkable growth of any 
 town in New Mexico. The town was established only in re- 
 cent years, and it has to-day over 4,000 inhabitants, broad 
 streets, brick business blocks well stocked with merchandise, 
 
 32 
 
Grand Mountain Scenery. 
 
 Park Adjoining Station, Alamogordo, N. M. 
 
 five churches, the Southwestern Baptist college, the Territorial 
 asylum for the blind, two large sawmills costing over $200,000, 
 an electric light plant and ice factory, steam laundry, planing 
 mill, an artificial stone plant which utilizes the gypsum from 
 the white sands, a water works system (which cost $100,000), a 
 railway hospital, a woman's club, a park a mile long, three 
 weekly newspapers, a fine railroad depot, a modern and com- 
 modious hotel, a fine public school building, and a public li- 
 brary. It is the headquarters of the Sixth judicial district. The 
 streets are lined with shade trees and here and there about the 
 city are beautiful parks. The city water supply is brought 12 
 miles from springs in Alamo Canyon, the last 8 miles of the dis- 
 tance being pip.ed. The water for the irrigation system is 
 brought down from La Luz Canyon, 7 miles away. A $25,000 
 court house has been constructed, a $75,000 tie-preserving plant, 
 two big lumber mills and railroad shops. 
 
 The town is the geographical and commercial center of a fine 
 fruit-growing section, has thousands of tributary fertile acres 
 open to Government entry, is on the main line of the shortest 
 route between Kansas City, Denver, and El Paso to California 
 and Mexico, and is within several hours' jaunt of the famous 
 Cloud Croft, a summer and scenic southwestern resort, with 
 which it is connected by the Sacramento Mountain Railway, one 
 of the engineering wonders of the United States. 
 
 Cloud Croft. 
 
 The ride to Cloud Croft from Alamogordo is one of the 
 most interesting scenic trips imaginable. Alamogordo is at the 
 base of the mountains and in a distance of 26 miles the rail- 
 road makes the ascent of 5,000 feet, through gorges and over 
 chasms to the summit, presenting a series of mountain views 
 that combines the 'beauties of the Yosemite with the majesty 
 of the Alps and the rugged grandeur of the Rockies. 
 
 At Cloud Croft the summer temperature ranges from 60 to 
 72 degrees, with no extreme changes. There are no chilling 
 breezes, or oppressive rays of heat. Usually the morning is 
 fresh and invigorating, the mid-day bright and genial, and the 
 
 33 
 
34 
 
Figures Showing Remarkable Production. 
 
 evening sufficiently cool to render a fire decidedly comfortable. 
 Throughout the month of June there is very little precipitation, 
 but the melting snow of winter has already left the grass and 
 foliage green and thick. There is no dust at any time of the 
 year. 
 
 No grander forests can be found in any country. The trees 
 include the sugar pine, with its picturesque spread of boughs; 
 the red fir, with its deeply corrugated bark; the yellow pine, 
 white pine, some a hundred, some two hundred feet high, with 
 scarcely a limb for the first fifty feet, and often six feet through 
 at the base. There are groves of aspen and all varieties of ferns. 
 The whole mountain top is carpeted with blue grass, and the 
 altitude precludes the possibility of snakes or poisonous insects. 
 Wild flowers grow in magnificent profusion everywhere, but at- 
 tain their greatest luxuriance on the hill sides and in the half- 
 exposed valleys, where they imbibe the showers and the sun- 
 shine. Swarms of humming-birds hover over these floral feasts, 
 their brilliant irridescent plumage flashing in the light, and the 
 movement of their wings filling the air with a bee-like drone. 
 
 There are primroses, buttercups, verbenas, red bell-shaped 
 lilies, daisies with stems as long as the arm, and dozens of other 
 queens of plant life, not in patches, but vast fields of them 
 masses of yellow, red, pink, white, and purple, blending in an 
 indescribable glory of color. It is estimated that the Sacra- 
 mento region contains as many as fifty varieties of wild flow- 
 ers, some growing upon lofty peaks as far as the eye can glance, 
 while others hide their gentle faces in deep gorges where the 
 sunlight never falls. 
 
 A Few Figures. 
 
 A few figures, just to show how New Mexico is growing, 
 will do no harm. In the first place, it may be interesting to 
 know that the six counties of the Territory which we have been 
 considering contain about 30,000 square miles, or the equivalent 
 of three times the area of the state of Massachusetts, with Con- 
 necticut added to the sum. Now the Territory as a whole : 
 Population in 1890, 153,593; in 1905, 300,000. Number of farms: 
 1890, 4,458; 1905, 15,000. Acres in farms: 1890, 787,882; 1905, 
 0.200,000. Value of farms: 1890, $8,141,000; 1905, $30,000,- 
 000. Value of farm implements: 1890, $291,000; 1905, $1,500,- 
 000. Value of farm products: 1890, $2,000,000; 1905, $18,000,- 
 000. Acres in alfalfa: 1890, 12,140; 1905, 63,000. Acres under 
 cultivation: 1890, 91,745; 1905, 340,000. Butter produced: 1890, 
 105,000 pounds ; 1905, 500,000 pounds. Eggs : 1890, 280,000 dozen ; 
 1900, 840,000 dozen. Hay: 1900, $1,427,000; 1905, $2,000,- 
 000. Cereals: 1900, $980,000; 1905, $1,500,000. Vegetables: 
 1900, $278,400; 1905, $350,000. Fruit: 1900, $197,300; 1905. 
 $500,000. These figures show progress. 
 
 The Climate. 
 
 It can be said of the climate of the plains east of the moun- 
 tains that it is as near perfect, for health conditions and agri- 
 culture, as can be imagined. The mean temperature is 50 in 
 the northern part, and 60 near the Rio Grande. The clear 
 days will run from 225 to 250 in the year, not counting the 
 partly cloudy, and the precipitation from 10 inches along the 
 river to 20 inches and over in Union county. 
 
 Nearly Approaches Paradise. 
 
 This booklet aims to give a fair and even conservative de- 
 scription, and picture such conditions of agriculture as are with- 
 in the reach of intelligent and industrious farmers. That it has 
 at least approximated such result may be judged by the en- 
 dorsement given in "A Ranchwoman in New Mexico," by Edith 
 
Sunstrokes Unheard Of. 
 
 Bird's-eye View of Tucumcari, N. M. 
 
 M. Nicholl, an English lady (McMillan & Co., 1898), where the 
 following interesting comments upon the climate are made: 
 
 'The winter climate of this section is as superior to that 
 of Virginia, or Southern California, as that of these two states 
 is to the winter climate of Vermont. Here one brilliant day 
 succeeds another with little variation. Weather (bad) comes 
 in the shape of a stray wind or so or a very occasional rain or 
 light snowfall. Our winter warmth is due entirely to the force 
 oi the sun's rays shining through an atmosphere un- 
 impeded by fog or damp. * * * * In southern New 
 Mexico we make no pretenses. We light good fires and keep 
 ourselves warm nights and mornings, or, in fact, whenever 
 we are likely to feel cold. * * * In New Mexico, to sit in 
 the winter sunshine is to bask healthfully. This does not imply 
 that there is no difference betwixt shade and sunshine with us; 
 on the contrary, the difference is strongly accentuated. But in 
 this dry, aseptic, bracing atmosphere, and at such an altitude, 
 there is no relaxation of the system, and, in consequence, com- 
 paratively little susceptibility to atmospheric variations. The 
 astonishing leaps the thermometer is capable of making betwixt 
 a winter sunrise and its noon is looked upon by progressive 
 physicians as being not only beneficial to consumptives, but al- 
 most essential to their improvement, implying as it does strong 
 tonic and bracing influence combined with the important factor 
 of excessive dryness. * * * 
 
 "Let me repeat with emphasis, that if any person imagines 
 that in coming to New Mexico he is coming to the tropics, he 
 is singularly deluded. But though there exists no paradise on 
 earth, the climate of this section approaches as nearly to para- 
 dise as any earthly clime may. * * * 
 
 "Sunstrokes and prostrations from heat are unheard of with 
 us. Therefore when we read of this form of suffering occur- 
 ring in England when the thermometer is only in the vicinity 
 of eighty, in our clime a delicious and health-giving tempera- 
 ture, we realize more than ever the aseptic and invigorating 
 qualities of the atmosphere we daily breathe, and no matter 
 to what heat the thermometer may rise later, the morning hours 
 are invariably fresh and sparkling. 
 
 El Paso, a Storehouse of Wealth. 
 
 El Paso, and the El Paso country, though in Texas, may 
 properly be included in a consideration of New Mexico. 
 
 El Paso, "the Pass," the gateway. Whence? To Mexico, a 
 land that will soon, nay, it does even now, surprise the people 
 of the north with its wealth of resources, the richness of its 
 soil, and the salubrity of its great central plateau. Do not con- 
 sider the Rio Grande as the boundary of the .earth, beyond 
 which there is nothing but chaos. A new world lies beyond 
 
 36 
 
Why Don't You Go to New Mexico? 
 
 that muddy stream; a world of vaster wealth for the peaceful 
 conquest of our commerce and our agriculture than Columbus 
 offered to Spain. El Paso is the pass, too, to the Pacific, by our 
 most southerly and lowest grade road to southern California. 
 Situated thus, on the highway between two great nations, and 
 midway between the Gulf and the western ocean, under skies 
 the fairest that smile on an American city, the prospects of El 
 Paso are bright, indeed. 
 
 The city has a population estimated (1907) at 42,000. It is, 
 first, a mining metropolis, the trade center and headquarters of 
 the richest copper district in the world, the most extensive coal 
 measures west of the Ohio river, the greatest silver mines of 
 the world, some of the richest gold mines, immense iron de- 
 posits, abundant lead and zinc, rich quicksilver deposits, im- 
 mense beds of sulphur and salt, gypsum, cement, rock, onyx 
 of rare beauty and gem turquoise. Near El Paso, also, is a de- 
 posit of rich tin ore of unknown extent, and petroleum is abun- 
 dant in west Texas and New Mexico, though not yet developed 
 commercially. 
 
 El Paso is electrical with the energy of production. A ton 
 of ore goes through its great smelters every minute of the 
 year. Eight railroads groan with the burden of ores and bul- 
 lion, fuel, machinery, timber, supplies, and provisions for the 
 mining camps. Mining investors and prospectors make El Paso 
 their headquarters, and in their train come the merchants and 
 the men of business. They must all be fed, and here comes 
 in the work of the farmer, the truck grower, the dairyman, the 
 
 Cloudcroft Mountains New Mexico. 
 37 
 
Why Don't You Go to New Mexico? 
 
 fruit grower. The country is discouraging, at first, to the east- 
 ern farmer. He does not understand how plants can be made 
 to grow in that ardent sunshine. But let him visit the dairies, 
 the alfalfa farms, the orchards, and the market gardens, and 
 he will see that it is done, and what is much to the purpose, 
 that the farmers make money as well as the smelters. 
 
 Why Go To New Mexico? 
 
 Why go to New Mexico? Because it is the country that 
 offers, without doubt, the largest return in the fruits of the soil, 
 in remuneration for crops, and in health, long life and happi- 
 ness, for your expenditure in money and effort. Too far away? 
 That is what the boy up in Maine said to the man from New 
 York. Settle in New Mexico, that Rock Island-Frisco country 
 west of Texas, and your children will grow up nearer the 
 center of this country's life and energies than will be the 
 people of New York. There will be "things doing" in the 
 Southwest, on the Gulf and on the Pacific, and across the Rio 
 Grande, in the next fifty years, and the man who raises alfalfa, 
 poultry, mutton and melons, on the mesas and in the arroyos of 
 New Mexico will have a share in the prosperity that is now 
 dawning on the Land of Sunshine. 
 
 Very low Homeseekers' Excursions ar^ run by the Rock 
 Island-Frisco Lines each first and third Tuesday of each month. 
 The tickets are round-trip, first-class, with generous return limit, 
 and liberal stop-over privileges are granted. These low rates of 
 fare are made to enable you to see the country for yourself and 
 to decide by actual inspection whether the country is all that is 
 claimed and meets your ideas of a home. 
 
 You owe it to yourself to make a trip of investigation if you 
 <lo, you will not find New Mexico lacking. 
 
OTHER ROCK ISLAND PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 The Western Trail A monthly paper devoted to the develop- 
 ment of the great Southwest. It contains true and interesting 
 letters from people who have settled there, as well as up-to-the- 
 minute description of conditions in the various states and terri- 
 tories. It is printed on best quality of paper and finely illustrated. 
 Sent free to intending homeseekers. 
 
 Kansas A forty-eight page book, illustrated throughout. 
 Tells you truthfully the great resources of the State, dwelling 
 especially on that part adjacent to the lines of the Rock Island 
 in Western Kansas the land of bountiful crops and homemaking 
 possibilities. Sent to any address on receipt of a 2-cent stamp 
 to cover postage. 
 
 Oklahoma A forty-eight page book devoted entirely to the 
 resources of the new State of Oklahoma. It contains complete 
 and reliable information as to the advantages of that section. 
 Newly written and illustrated. Sent on receipt of 2 cents in 
 stamps to cover postage. 
 
 Texas The natural resources, products and present and pros- 
 pective development of the greatest of American commonwealths 
 are set forth in this book in a popular way. Each subject and 
 section is treated under graphic sub-heads, making easy reference 
 to the facts about any portion or feature of Texas. Its orderly 
 arrangement will appeal to every seeker after information. Forty- 
 eight pages, fully illustrated. Sent on receipt of 2 cents in stamps 
 to cover postage. 
 
 Missouri A fifty-six page illustrated book of facts regarding 
 the exceptional opportunities for the farmer, fruit-grower, poultry 
 and stock-raiser in the northern portion of this rich state, adja- 
 cent to Rock Island Lines. A 2-cent stamp will bring it. 
 
 Free Homesteads A leaflet fully explaining how to secure 
 a homestead, where the lands are located, how to reach the lands, 
 and the entire cost. Free. 
 
 Factors of Prosperity A most instructive and illuminating 
 document just issued, devoted to exhibiting in graphic form by 
 colored diagram maps and very readable text the underlying 
 sources of the prosperity of a very large section of the Middle 
 West. While the folder is of peculiar value to the student of 
 economics, it is also of interest to everyone who desires to be 
 informed on the sources of the country's prosperity. It should 
 be in every library. Sent on request. 
 
 Opportunities A book with map containing concise, descrip- 
 tive writeups of each town and city along the entire Rock Island- 
 Frisco and Chicago and Eastern Illinois Lines with list of open- 
 ings for manufacturing industries, business houses and professions. 
 Sent on request. 
 
 39 
 
Ticket*, sleeping car reservatipns and information about fares, train service, etc., 
 will.be ( gladly furnished on application, personally or by letter, to any of the following 
 
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 900 Olive St ............... C. L. SICKLES ......... City Pass'r Agent 
 
 St. Paul, Minn ........ Sixth and Robert Sts ....... F. W. SAINT .......... City Pass'r Agent 
 
 Salt Lake City ......... 100 W. Second South St ---- JAS. DOOLITTLE .......... General Agent 
 
 H. L. VOUNGERMAN, Trav. Pass'r Agent J. F. HARVEY ........ Trav. Pass'r Agent 
 
 ( F. W. THOMPSON. . .Gen'l Western Agent 
 San Francisco, Cal ____ 872 Market St ............ < C. A. RUTHERFORD . . .Dist. Pass'r Agent 
 
 ( P. A. ZEIGENFUSS. . . .Trav. Pass'r Agent 
 
 Seattle, Wash ......... 322 Pacific Block. . ......... . _ Trav. Pass'r Agent 
 
 ,. _. Va J C. E. MORTON ....... Trav. Pass'r Agent 
 
 Topeka, Kan ................................... j A. M. FULLER ......... City Pass'r Agent 
 
 Wichita, Kan ................................... PHIL W. JOHNSTON. . . .City Pass'r Agent 
 
 L. M. ALLEN, General Passenger Agent ...... Chicago, III. 
 
 W. J. LEAHY. First Asst. General Passenger Agent .... Chicago, III. 
 
 HAL. S. RAY, Assistant General Passenger Agent - St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 GEO. H. LEE, General Passenger Agent, Choctaw District, - Little Rock, Ark. 
 
 C. B. SCHMIDT, Commissioner of Immigration ..... Chicago. III. 
 
 JOHN SEBASTIAN, Passenger Traffic Manager, - Chicago, III. 
 

Rock 
 Island 
 
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