746 13 BANCROFT LIBRARY > THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA flflfftrtal program Containing Historical Data for the Idaho Semi-Centennial Celebration June 14 and 15, 1910, at Franklin, Idaho GEO. C. PARKINSON, THOS. SMART, G. H. BLOOD, President Vice-President Cashier D i recto rs: GEO. C. PARKINSON S. C. PARKINSON THOMAS SMART E. C. FOSS JOHN LARSON JOHN O. GOOCH A. R. CUTLER We Pay 4 Per Cent. Interest on Savings Deposits Compounded Quarterly Idaho State and Savings Bank Preston, Idaho STATE DEPOSITORY T - your money be working for you; you won't / />/ have to work so hard yourself* As you grow '^^ older the money keeps piling up and making more money, and finally the fund will be so great you will not have to work at all. A good Savings account is the best Insurance against Hard Times and Hard Luck. Think what it means to your comfort and those depending on you to have money at work for you. AV r*\^]]~ . opens an Account Une Dollar al our Bank Interest Paid on Time Deposits Drafts Sold payable in all principal Cities of the World YOUR BUSINESS IS SOLICITED IDAHO Facts and Statistics PERTAINING TO ITS Early Settlement and Colonization with Special Reference to the Franklin Colony TOGETHER WITH STORIES OF THE INDIAN TROUBLES IN THE SOUTH EASTERN PART OF THE STATE Information Collected and Compiled for the I IDAHO SEMI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Held at Franklin, June 14 and 15, 1910 5KELTON PUB. CO., SALT LAKE CITY Committees Executive. L. L. Hatch, chairman ; S. C. Parkinson, first vice-president; Dr. G. \Y. Slates, second vice- president ; Ezra P. Monson, secre- tary ; I. II. Xash, treasurer. Finance. S. C. Parkinson, Hyrum Hatch, Frank Shrives, Martin Anderson, William Mendenhall, Abe White- head. S. L. Woodward, George McGee. Reception. Hon. J. W. Webster, F. C. Parkinson, Jos. Scarborough, Hon. Thomas Preston, Hon. I. B. Evans. History and Data. Pres. Geo. C. Parkinson, S. B. Wright, Hon. T. G. Lowe, S. P. Morgan. Program. S. W. Parkinson, A. B. Nash, Thos. Smart. Invitation and Advertising. C. D. Goaslind, D. A. Rogers, W. C. Shipley, Ezra Hatch, Jas. Packer, F. Thompson. Entertainment. I Ion. Thos. Durant, Abe White- head, Edwin Bodily, W. M. Daines, John A. Lowe, L. G. Parkinson. Arrangements. Peter Whitehead, Cecil Wood- ward, Wm. Lowe, Hyrum Mor- rison. Monument. Thomas Smart, S. C. Parkin- son, Ivan Woodward. Transportation. Pres. Geo. C. Parkinson, Hy- rum Hatch. Sports. A. B. Nash, F. F. Shrives, W. C. Shipley, P. B. Dunkley, Cecil Woodward, Dr. G. W. States. Fireworks. Peter Whitehead, Wm. Lowe, Parley Hill, Geo. Robinson. Firing Salutes, Etc. Wm. Lowe, Parley Hill, Geo. Robinson. Parade and Indian Skirmish. Ivan Woodward, John White- head, Jos. H. Lowe, A. W. Web- ster, B. P. Porter, Dr. G. W. States, O. H. Shumway, P. B. Dunkley, A. C. Smith, Fred Hawkes. [3] The Academy of Idaho Pocatello, Idaho Idaho's technical School HTHE function of the State Academy is to offer to * the young men and women of Idaho a well rounded education, that will tend to make them at once efficient producers, good citizens, and cultured individuals* The following departments of study, covering four years of work are offered: Agriculture, Domestic Economy, Commerce, Shorthand, %Cusic, and a College Preparatory Course which includes all academic subjects required for en- trance to the leading Colleges and Universities. '! The Equipment in all the departments is adequate and up to date in every particular, and includes an Experiment Farm of One Hundred Acres The Institution has excellent Dormitory Accomo- dations for both men and women* First Semester will begin September 19, 19 JO* Special Winter Term will begin November 7, J910* Write for free catalogue* [4] Preface HE facts and data contained herein have been collected from histories of Idaho written by Hon. John Hailey and James Onderdonk, from diaries and journals of the pioneers, and from living pioneers themselves, still residing 1 at Franklin and nearby settlements. The stories as told by different ones of the first settlers all agree very closely, also as it is told in some of the writings of some of those who have passed to the ' ' Great Beyond" variations only occurring in some of the minor details, S. P. MORGAN, Collector and Compilor. [6] Skelton Publishing Co. Manufacturers of Court Records, Dockets, Legal Blanks, and Salt Lake City, Utah Headquarters of the Executive Board of the Idaho Semi-Centennial Celebration EZRA P. MONSON Dealer in Dry Goods, Notions, Boots, Shoes, Hats, Caps, Underwear, Staple and Fancy Groceries, Chinaware, Etc. Orders taken for the * 'Royal Tailors' ' Line of All Wool Clothing WE INVITE COMPARISON and SOLICIT YOUR PATRONAGE Franklin, Idaho [6] Idaho, O, Idaho! Song. (Tune: "Maryland, My Maryland.") A lovely mountain home is ours, Idaho, 0, Idaho! Of winters mild and springtime showers, Idaho, 0, Idaho! Her breezes blow from western shore, Where broad Pacific 's billows roar ; Each year we love her more and more; Idaho, 0, Idaho! Her mountains, grand are crowned with snow, Idaho, 0, Idaho! And valleys fertile spread below, Idaho, 0, Idaho! The towering pittas on cliffs so steep, O'er cataracts their vigils keep, Or in the lakes are mirrored deep, Idaho, 0, Idaho! A thousand hills where herds may range, Idaho, 0, Idaho! And lava beds so weird and strange. Idaho, 0, Idaho! Above our heads are cloudless skies, In gorgeous hues the sunset dias, Then starry diamonds greet our eyes, Idaho, 0, Idaho! Such is our wondrous mountain home, Idaho. 0, Idaho! And far away we ne'er would roam. Idaho. 0, Idaho! Oh, "Land of Liberty" we tell, Beneath a starry flag we dwelj, One star is ours, we love it well, Idaho, 0, Idaho ! ERNEST 0. MILLS, Shelley, Idaho. [7] The "OWYHEE" Boise's Best Hotel Completed Stridly Modern Embodies the latest ideas in Modern Hotel Construction The marvelous development of Southern Idaho, from the early pioneer days, with their lack of accommo- dations and hardships, is fittingly typified by throw- ing open to the public this sumptuous hostelry. It represents the march of Idaho's progress. It is up-to-date in every way. // has all the Comforts of Home Life and Many More Safest, Finest and Most Elegantly Furnished Hotel between Chicago and San Francisco 250 Rooms f^S^ 1 00 Private Baths Twenty-five Large Sample Rooms Rates $ 1 .00 and up The Schubert Hotel Co. E. W. SCHUBERT, Manager [8] Program June 15, 1910 Firing Salutes and Hoisting Flags at Sunrise. Grand Parade at 8:30 A. M. Meeting at 10:00 A. M. President George C. Parkinson Chairman Invocation Hon. Wm. Budge, Logan, Utah Singing, "Idaho" School Children Address Governor James H. Brady Solo Prof. R. J. Hammer Address Hon. Robert Lousdon, Secretary of State Solo Miss Blanche Larsen Address By Other State Officials Violin Solo Prof. C. M. Harris Singing Franklin Choir Benediction Hon. Solomon H. Hale INTERMISSION. 3 P. M. Trip to the top of Mt. Smart, in charge of Mr. Thos. Smart. Short Address on "Incidents Connected with the Mountain" Mr. C. D. Goaslind, State Insurance Commissioner Reply State Officials The usual games and field sports, from 11:00 A. M., until evening. Grand ball, Opera House, 8:30 P. M. [9] Read the Preston News Now under Management of James B. W alia ce The Only Paper in Eastern Oneida Co. and Northern Cache Valley A Faithful Representative of the People Subscription Price $1*50 per Year Preston, Idaho [10] Program, June 14, 1910 Marshall of the Day Hon. Wm. H. Mendenhall, Thatcher, Idaho Firing Salute and Hoisting Flags at Sunrise Pioneer and Indian Skirmish, 8 : 30 A. M ...Between 75 Shoshone Indians Against Whites, Representing Pioneers Pioneer Meeting at 10 A. M Temporary Chairman Hon. Lorenzo L. Hatch Chairman Idaho Semi-Centennial Celebration. Permanent Chairman Judge Alfred Budge, Pocatello, Idaho Invocation Prea. Jos. S. Geddes Singing Franklin Choir Pioneer Addresses Mr. S. R. Parkinson, Mr. Wm. G. Nelson, Mrs. Wm. Wright, Mr. A. Stalker Song Indians Address s Hon. John Hailey, State Historian Song, Pioneer Daughters. .Mrs. S. C. Parkinson, Mrs. Jos. S. Geddes and Others Pioneer Reminiscences by a Pioneer. .. .Hon. Wm. H. Smart, Vernal, Utah Sing'ng Franklin Choir Benediction Hon. Thomas Durant INTERMISSION. 2:30 P. M. Services at the Monument. Bishop S. C. Parkinson presiding, who will make a short address, presenting Monument to the Public. Tnvei ing of Monument by Speech of Acceptance His Excellency Hon. Jas. H. Brady, Governor of the State of Idaho Dedicatory Speech Pres. Jos. F. Smith Music By Bands Baseball between Indians and whites horse races, foot races, tug-of-war, other sports, and the usual carnival attractions on the grounds. Evening, June 14. Banquet. Hon. D. C. McDougall, Attorney-General, State of Idaho, Toast Master Toasts Hon. T. G. Lowe, Hon. C. A. Hastings, Treasurer of State of Idaho; Hon. S. D. Taylor, Audtor, State of Idaho; Mr. J. B. Scarborough, Miss S. Belle Chamberlain, Superintendent Public Instruction, State of Idaho; Hon. J. W. Webster, of Rexburg, Idaho. Music Orchestra Open Air Concert Brass Band Indian War Dance, Etc. [11] Choice Irrigated Lands Carey Lands and Government Lands With Perpetual Water Rights at $20 to $40 per Acre A 1 Choice Improved Farms and Stock jJiLSO Ranches with Government Range and Decreed Water Right, on Big and Little Lost Rivers at $30 to to $75 per Acre; one to five miles from Railroad. S. J. VANCE Blackfoot or Arco, Idaho [12] Idaho Day Proclamation In the early sixties small bands of pioneers located in different sections of Idaho, some in the western and northern parts of the state locating at Pierce City and Orofino, some in Lemhi County, and some at points in the southern portion of the state, a number of such settlements still being in existence. Many were the hardships endured by these pioneers, and it is but fitting and proper that we keep in mind the noble sacnhces they made in order that the generations of the future might enjoy the fruits o their labors. By the grace of God a few of these forerunners of our power- ful civilization now live to tell the story of privation, battle with the Indians, and the long struggle for livlihood, and I am sure that every citizen of Idaho, with them, gives thanks to our Creator for His great share and help in subduing the waste places and bringing about our present prosperity. Authentic records of these first settlements are very rare, but I am informed that, upon the affidavits and recollections of the survivors of one of these expeditions, the historians are agreed in saying that the first permanent white settlement was made at Franklin, Idaho, fifty years ago on the fourteenth day of this month. On this day thirteen families were located, and from that day began their struggle to subdue the then bare waste of Idaho and to com- bat the red men. During the summer this number was increased until there were in the neighborhood, of sixty families. This little band, while engaged in their pursuit for subsistence, built the first school house and conducted the first school within the state of Idaho. ...Thus the first foundation stone of our Commonwealth was laid. I desire to call the attention of the people of our great state of Idaho that the citizens of Franklin will celebrate the fourteenth and fifteenth days of June, 1910, in commemoration of this settlement by the Franklin pioneers. I, therefore, request that Wednesday, June fifteenth, 1910, be observed by our citizens of the state as "Idaho Day," and I trust that each one of us on this day will mo- mentarily pause and reflect upon the great debt we owe our pioneers, and to pay reverence to their memory. IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Great Seal of the State of Idaho to be affixed. Done at the Capitol in the State of Idaho this twenty-sixth day of April in the year of our Lord One Thou- sand Nine Hundred and Ten. (Signed) JAMES H. BRADY, Governor. By the Governor. Secretary of State. [13] W. B. SLICK, Pres. and Gen. Mgr. J. W. SLICK.Wce-Pres. and Treas. W. E. GRAY, Secretary Direct' rs: W. B. SLICK; J. W. SLICK; W. E. GRAY ; EUGENE BROWN; ALEX McGOWAN Slick Bros. Construction Co., Ltd. Contracting F nginee's Principal Office, 209-10-15-17 New Mode Building BOISE, IDAHO Phones, Bell 1420; Ind. 988 "THE MEN WHO DO THINGS" SNAKE RIVER BRIDGE. HIGH WATER Historical LIST how the I'liiled States acquired tlu- territory from which Idaho was formed, is somewhat con- fusing as presented by the majority of text-book Writers. Nearly all of them assign it as a part of the vast area included in the Louisiana Purcnase. This, however, is hardly correct. The territory known as "Oregon Country," was not included in the tract of land bought from France in that purchase. Mr. Blaine, in his "Tweutv Years of Congress," sets forth the following facts: "The Louisiana Purchase did not extend eastward beyond the main line of the Rocky Mountains, and our title to the scope of country which includes the states of Oregon, Washington and Idaho rests upon a different foundation, or a series of claims, all of which are strong in the laws of nations." We claimed it, first, by right of the discovery of the Columbia River by an American navigator in 1792; second, by the right of prior exploration in 1805 ; third, by settle- ment in 1810; by a party of home-seekers headed by John Jacob Astor; and lastly and principally by the transfer of title from the Spanish government, many years after the Louisiana Purchase, in 1819. Washington Territory was created March 2, 1853, and included all the present states of Washington, Idaho and the western part of ?dontana. Idaho was created March 3, 1863, from parts of Dakota, Nebraska and Washington Territories. As first created Idaho em- braced 326,373 square miles, including all of Montana and a large portion of Wyoming. In 1868 Idaho was reduced to its present boundaries. Origin cf the Name. The name Idaho is generally supposed to be a corruption of an Indian word E-dah-hoe, meaning "The Gem of the Mountains"; some claim that it means in Indian tongue, "Shining Mountain," but the terms are closely synonymous. The poet Joaquin Miller claims that the honor of naming Idaho belongs to Colonel Craige and dates from 1861. A writer in the "New West Magazine," who appeared to be well informed, declares that Idaho is not a Nes Perce word, and says: "The mountain that Joaquin Miller speaks of may be named with somewhat similar appellation, but most likely the whole story grows out of the fertile imagination of the poet. Idaho Springs, Colorado, were known long before Idaho Territory was organized." Colorado should have been named Idaho. It was the name first , [15] THE FAMOUS Big Lost River Project IN SOUTHERN IDAHO OPENING OF THE BIG LOST RIVER PRODUCT f\f\f\ A Now availa ble *o r entry under the L\ p ype Carey Act, with Go verment Protection ,\J\J\J r-\LxlCd and Supervision at all times. upervision $40.50 per Acre for Land Permanent Water Right The Price of Land AND WATER ON FUTURE PROJECTS in this State will range from $50.50 up to $65.50 per Acre, for the same kind of land, the same climate and same markets, etc. WHY DO YOU WAIT AND PAY THE HIGHER PRICES WITH THIS OPPORTUNITY IN VIEW? Go" to Arco, via Blackfoot, Idaho, select your land and make your filing NOW. First on the ground, first served FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ADDRESS Clinton, Hurtt & Co. Boise, Idaho placed in the hill which created Colorado and afterwards changed. Pleased by the beauty of the country William H. Wallace, the delegate to congress from Washington Territory introduced a bill in congress creating a territory out of the eastern part of Washing- tun ,and suggested Idaho as an appropriate name. The bill first passed the House of Representatives and naming the present state cf Idaho, 'Montana/ when it came up in the senate for considera- tion March 3, 1863. Senator Wilson of Massachusetts moved that the name be changed to Idaho^ And the name is familiar with the Nes Perce, Shoshone, and Mat I lead Indian tribes; so says Ex-sena- tor Nesmith of Oregon. First Discoverers and Settlers. So far as authentic records show, the first white men to enter Idaho were the party that accompanied Lewis and Clark on their exploring expedition in 1805-6. They passed through the state and along the Snake River, which they called Lewis Fork, to its Junc- tion with the Columbia. They returned through Idaho the follow- ing year, did some exploring and named several streams and places, such as Horse Plains, Red Rock Creeks, Fish Creek. Salmon River they called Sammanah and Quamash Flats, now known as Camas Prairie. The next expedition of any note to come to the ''Gem of the Mountains" was Captain Bonneville who, with one hundred men r came during the year 1834 in his search for the outlet of Lake Bon- neville. He explored the southeastern part of Idaho, and traced the Port Neuf Rive rto the Snake. Both of these expeditions were merely exploring parties and made no attempt at settlement. In the same year Nathaniel J. Wyeth, in his trip across the continent established "Old Fort Hall" on the east bank of the Snake River, north of the present site of Pocatello. Wyeth sold "Fort Hall" in 1836 to the Hudson Bay Company. This company had already established, during 1835, a trading post at old "Fort Boise." Both these posts were abandoned by the Hudson Bay Company when the United States gained undisputed title to the land. The Indian mission at Lapwai, some twelve miles from the present site of Lewiston, was established during 1 the year 1836. This was the first mission established in the state. During the year 1839 the missionaries of the Sandwich Islands presented to the Presby- terian missions of Oregon a printing press, with type which was set up and put into operation during the same year at Lapwai. O. E Hall put the press into operation and began printing books in the Xez Perce language to be used in the Indian schools. This was the first printing office on the Pacific Coast of the /United States. Thus Idaho has the honor of the first printing office in the West. Other missions and trading posts were established in various places, and at different times through the state, all of which includ- ing the ones mentioned, were sooner or later abandoned. During the early Spring of 1860, a little band of six families left Provo, Utah, on a journey northward in search of some favor- [17] The Oneida Mercantile Union Franklin, Idaho c ONTINTKS m I,,, the Old Reliable, and deals in First Class Merchandise at lowest possible prices consist cut with reliable merchandising. They a iv headquarters for Dry Goods. Notions. Staple and Fancy ( inn-erics. ( Jlasswarc. Crockery. Hats. Caps. Shoes for K V.TV body and Furnishings. An inspection of their immense, well selected .stock, and comparison of their prices, will convince yon that yon c^in well afford to make your pur- chases of them at all seasons. The Oneida Mercantile Union Franklin, Idaho Steam and Water Fitting neatly and scientifically done Plumbing FRANCIS THOMPSON Franklin, Idaho Bell Phone 27-Y P. O. Box 33 High Grade Plumber's Supplies, Paints, Linseed Oil [18] able Spot to locate and build l"< T themselves future' homes. This little baud of home seeker^ belonged to the Mormon faith, one of the policies ol which was to expand and settle new territory. Thev \\ere travelling under the directions and orders from the head of the church. They arrived at Wcllsvillc, ( 'ache County, I 'tali, carlv in April and after a few (lavs rest and wait for orders from the leaders of the Mormon Church, who were located in I 'ache Vallcv. The order for them to proceed to the east side- and north end of I 'ache Valley and locate on what was then known as " I he Muddv," now Cub River. They left Wellsville early the morning ,,f the 10th of April and that night re-ached a point about two miles southeast of the present sidte of Franklin. Mere they camped for three days, while a road could be constructed and a bridge built across Spring Creek. During their stay at Camp Cove, as it was called, their num- ber was increased to twenty-three families. On the morning of April 14, 1860, they all left Camp Cove and arrived at their newly-con- structed bridge across Spring Creek, where they were stopped by some Indians. After some discussion the emigrant train was al- lowed to pass unmolested and arrived on the present townsite of Franklin, near the east end of Main street at ten o'clock that morning. The Indians of the vicinity of Franklin at the time of its settle- ment were under Chief Kittemare who welcomed the whites to the land, water and timber. Kittemore and his band were great beg- gars, and exacted beef, flour, grain, potatoes and other provisions quite often. The policy of the people was to feed and treat the In- dians kindly rather than fight them. Their requests were complied with and at times became very burdensome. There was a great difference between this band of people and those who had visited Idaho before. All the former parties were in quest of gold and rich furs, that they could barter from the In- dians for a few trinkets. This band of Pioneers came to settle here, build up the country and conquer the sage brush wastes ana con- vert them into beautiful homes and farms. They at once began to plough the land and plant crops and build for themselves homes. Being men and women with some years of western experience, they knew that crops could not be grown without the aid of irrigation. Thus during the Spring they built a ditch and took out the waters of Maple Creek and irrigated their crops during the first season, thus laying the foundation for the first irrigation system in the state. The number kept increasing until by Fall their were about sixty families in Franklin. The houses were built along the sides of a square enclosing a rectangle sixty by ninety rods. The houses were all constructed with the fronts facing the 'inside of the square, with the corrai* ,*td yards outside. Being people who were actually hunting homes and desiring to settle and build up the country, and they were necessar- ily industrious and hardworking people. During the spring and [19] Ben Franklin who used to run a newspaper down east years ago, also edited an almanac which contained some wise ^.lyings. Here is one of them: "The way to wealth, if you desire it, is as plain as the way to market. It depends chiefly on two \\ords industry and frugality. He that gets all he can honestly and saves all he gets (necessary expenses excepted) will certainly become rich." What Ben said was not only true at that time but it still holds good at the present day. There is no better way to save than to have a hank account you are not tempted to spend it. We will be glad to have you start an account at this bank. FIRST NATIONAL BANK Pre^lon, Idaho Do YOU Know That the PUREST, STRONGEST SALT in the World is produced at our New Plant? Royal Crystal Shaker Ro>al Crystal Table Crown Dairy, Stock Salt, Red Rock Lump Sulphurized Rock "SALT WITHOUT A FAULT" FOR EVERY PURPOSE Inland Crystal Salt Co. Salt Lake City, [20] summer of 1860 they built for themselves homes, planted and har- vested crops of grain and vegetables, constructed roads into the can- yons, so that they could get what timber and firewood they needed ; dug a small irrigation canal, about three and a half miles long with which they irrigated their crops; erected a school house large enough to accommodate all the children of the settlement and ac- complished many other things of minor importance. The writer has been impressed in collecting his data with the wholesouledness and unity with which every one turned out on public works, or to help a neighbor in need. In many instances when a call was made by those presiding, or in charge in the settlement, every man and boy would turn out, and men would have to be detailed to stay at home to protect the women and children from the Indians. At one time when a call was made to work on the irrigation ditches every man and boy that was large enough to do so went to w r ork. William Garner and a crippled boy were appointed to stay at home. During the day, to the terror of all in the settlement seventeen Redskin Warriors, decorated in war paints and feathers, came to the settle- ment. Mr. Garner entertained the Indians until the crippled boy could make the ride of about four miles on horseback and notify the men, who were working on- the ditch. The Indians were fed and treated with kindness and soon went their way peaceably. Thomas S. Smart was captain and leader of the first company that came to Franklin. He, with Samuel R. Parkinson, and James Sanderson formed a committee of three, with Alfred Alder as clerk, who had charge of the affairs of the colony during the first few months of the settlement. This committee had charge of all public work, presided over all meetings and were supervisors of everything of a public nature. June tenth, 1860, Brigham Young, the resident of the Mormon church, and Governor of Utah, came to Franklin and appointed Preston Thomas as Bishop. Franklin at this time and up to the early seventys was considered to be in Utah and all political affairs were conducted under the laws of that territory. The season of 1860 was very dry, and Maple Creek afforded very little water, but the crop acreage was small and all was irri- gated. The hay used in those days were the wild grasses that grew in the meadows south and east of town. Very little hay was out up during the Summer of 1860, but the Winter was open and mild and there was no loss of cattle on that account. Soon after arriving the people selected a committee of three of their number whose duty it was to have the farm and haylands surrounding the settlement surveyed and divided into one-acre tracts and the bench east of town, five-acre lots in the bottoms north and ten-acre tracts in the meadows south. This committee also had the allotting of the lands to the settlers, each one receiving a one-acre tract for gardening. Owing to the location frost did not do the damage on the one-acre tracts as anywhere else surrounding the town. These lots were used principally to produce sugar cane, from which molasses was [21] LEADERS IN Vehicles and Harness (5 <5 (5 [22] The season of 1S<>1 was a good one and the rich soil yielded Abundantly and a good harvest of wheat, oats, potatoes, corn, cab- hagc and other garden truck was gathered that fall. Some of tlu- wheat \\as not threshed that I- all and owing to the very mil'd Win- ter of '(>! -J got infilled and consequently many .if the people had to eat musty bread. The rains .if the Winter were very disagreeable to the settlers, tilling their cellars with water and their "goyern- ment shingles" (dirt roofs i would not stand the steady downpour of rain, making some of the houses as wet inside as they were on ihe outside. I hiring the Fall and early Winter of IShJ large bands of In- dians under Chiefs Hear llunter. Sanguitch and I 'acatello, had col- lected at the mouth of Battle Creek, about twelve miles northwest of Kranklin mi the. west bank of Hear Uiver. Brigham Young's well-known policy that had become proverbial, "It is cheaper to feed the Indians than to fight them." was the only thing that had made it possible for the settlers to exist at all. The peace offerings that settlers \vere compelled to give the exacting Red man from rime to time had become a burdensome tax and the worst of it was that these peace offerings did not furnish immunity from Indian thiev- e; v and treachery. NO Mediterranean pirate ever levied tribute with more regularity and persistency than did these Indians, i neir begging, exacting and stealing had gone on until a large supply of provisions had been collected which was to form a -base of sup- plies for an organized system of raids to be made upon the white settlers later on in the Spring. Thanks to Providence that incidents came about which caused Colonel E. P. Conner to make that mem- orable forced march from Fort Douglass, near Salt Lake City, to Franklin during the dead of the cold Winter of 1862-3 and the fight at Battle Creek. Soon after Christmas, 1862, David Savage and William Bevins, with a small company of men, came down from Leesburg, a min- ing camp on the Salmon River to get supplies and cattle. They lost their way in a blinding storm in the north end of Cache Val- ley and kept on the west side of Bear River. When the storm cleared off they found themselves about west of Richmond. Mak- ing a boat of some wagon boxes, the party crossed the river. While the last boat load were still in the river some of the Indians from the Battle Creek camp, who had followed them, came upon them and began shooting at them. One man of the party was killed and several others wounded. The survivors hid in the brush and during the night made their way to Richmond, six miles south of Frank- lin, and told their story. In the morning Bishop Marriner W. Mer- rill of Richmond (afterwards Apostle Merrill), sent some men uown to bring up the dead man and horses. This party was attacked by a large band of Indians but succeeded in getting the dead man's body and a number of the horses. Bishop Merrill sent the message with Savage and Bevins to Salt Lake City, which brought Colonel Conners with 200 soldiers from Fort Douglas. Col. Conner and his 1*3] men arrived at Franklin during the evening of January 28, 1863. On the 27th Bear Hunter and a party of his warriors came to Frank- lin and exacted twelve sacks of Hour (two bushel sacks) and wanted more, and when the people hesitated (seeming to them more than they could stand, for in those days flour was scarce), the Indians surrounded Bishop Preston Thomas's house and held a war dance, flourishing their tomahawks and threatening the people. The next day Bear Hunter came to Franklin for wheat. When they had col- lected three sacks (between six and seven bushels), the soldiers came in sight over a small ridge about one mile south of town. The old warrior did not seem worried, as he did not leave until the coldiers were close to town, and upon going some one said to him : "Here comes the soldiers, you may get killed." He cooly an.d care- lessly remarked, "Mav-be-sa soldiers get killed too," and started for camp with his burden of wheat. It is evident though, that the old fallow became a little worried as one of his sacks of wheat was picked up by the soldiers next morning a^pyd^^jnile out of town, nd the other two before they reachedyPreston. i*****- '^favd? Conner and his men camped at Franklin that night. The men all seemed eager to. get at the Indians and left the post at 3 o'clock January 29, 1863, with the themometer registering far below zero. When they reached the Indian camp they found it well fortified with rifle pits under a steep bank which made a perfect protection against the fire of the soldiers and drove them back three different times. The cavalry crossed the river and charged the Indians first, but were driven back, fourteen brave soldiers being shot dead at the first volley from the Indians' guns. Conner, after three unsuc- cessful attempts fell back and divided his men into three parties, sending one around to come up the creek, another to go around to the north and come down the creek, while he attacked from the front. The two divisions that went up and down the creek came in behind the Indians on some high bluffs. The fight began in earnest and some eye-witnesses, that are still living, say that Conner made "Good Indians" out of about three hundred bad ones in a few sec- onds not minutes. The fourteen dead and forty-nine wounded liers were hauled to Franklin by the settlers, where they were nursed and cared for with the very best that the people had. The ishop said "allright" lie was going t< go to sleep as it was near midnight and he was tired. Me rolled over as though he was going to sleep. The Indians then i eld a short council among themselves, ami >o<>n let the prisoners go home. A.S >oon as the trouble began William L. \\'ebster mount- ed the best horse in town and started south through the settle- ments to notify the minute-men, and by moonlight they began coming to I ; ranklin with their guns and ammunition and by day- 1-ght three hundred armed men were in town. The Indians, through their scouts, learned of the minute-men's coming and began soon after midnight to pack up and send their squaws and papposses across Cub River and started them out for Bear Lake Valley. Next morning peace was made with the Indians for four beeves and twelve saeks of flour. The two men who sold the Indians the liquor had to furnish the oxen and the community the flour. During the argument that took place at the peace meeting one of the finest and most picturesque examples of eloquence inai is characteristic of the highest type of American savage was made by Chief Washakie. His theme was, "Put Yourself in My Place." The savage brought home to the Christian the beauty of the eleventh commandment : "Do Unto Others as You Would That They Should Do Unto You'' ; and his brief speech was a temperance sermon besides. He said, "Until the white man come there was no fire water, and the Indian was sober ; your people sold fire water to my people and made my warrior loco (crazy). If my people had sold fire water to your braves and made them drunken, how would you feel about it? Would you like to see him shot down like a clog, because he made a fool of himself? Will the White Father put himself in Washakie's place?'' Samuel Handy was robbed by the Indians of everything in the way of clothing, food, cattle, chickens and everything on the place, of which they thought they could make use. The threshing ma- chine belonged to Joseph Hendricks and it, like Mr. Handy, was robbed of all belts, chains, tools and anything that the Indians thought they could use. The treaty was finally made for the above stated amount of property and all was well between Washakie's band and the whites again. This was the last trouble the Red man ever gave the citizens of Franklin. One of the first things that the sturdy pioneers undertook was the education of the rising generations. During the Summer of 1860 a log school house was erected as near the center of the fort as could be selected. This house was used for school, church, amusements and all public gatherings. School was begun early dur- ing the fall of 1860 with Hannah Cornish as teacher, thus laying [27] the cornerstone in the foundation of the educational system of the commonwealth of Idaho, this being the first school taught for white pupils within the boundaries of the present state. The next year school was taught by George A. Davy and in '61-3 by William Woodward. The old log school house became too small and had to be enlarged for the coming season. School was taught each >ear from then until the present time. During the Spring of '65 work was begun and the rock meeting-house and the rock school- house was built during 1866. It was a good sandstone structure ; was twenty-five by forty feet, with a good shingle roof and ac- ommodated the town for a long time as a school-house, and stood until it was torn down to make room for the present brick struc- ture. The "Mormon" meeting-house, which still stands in good re- pair was begun during the spring of 1$65. When the structure was nearing completion, the roof ralrm^wing to bad architecture. The people were disheartened, as tlrey had worked hard and faithfully with the hopes o/soon having a place where they could meet and be comfortable and enjoy themselves. The building stood in its ruinous condition for nine years, when it was eventually taken hold of and completed. The old rock school-house that has been mentioned before was begun one year later than the meeting-house, and pushed to com- pletion that season. The lumber that was used in these buildings was hauled from Bear Lake with ox teams over a round-about road some fifty miles in length. The saw-mill business of our state had its beginning at Frank- lin during the year 1861 by Joshua Messervy in the form of a "pit saw" which is a saw-mill constructed by digging a hole, or pit, in the ground deep enough for a man to stand in. The logs, or timbers, that were to be cut into lumber, were then rolled over the pit and with one man under the logs and another on top with a large saw with handles on each end, the log was slowly ripped into lumber. What would one of our modern lumbermen think of attacking one of our forests in the northern part of the state today vith a mill of this kind? In 1863 Samuel R. Parkinson and Thomas Smart built a more modern saw-mill which was operated by water-power, a few rods west of the present residence of Bishop S. C. Parkinson. The story is told in a joking way that Messorvey could cut more lumber in the same time than could the new mill. In 1872 Flave Green brought to 1- rank 1 in a steam sawmill and set it up in one of the near-by canyons and this solved the question of building material for the surrounding country. Lumber from this mill was hauled to all parts of Cache Valley. During tin- yar 1865 L. H. Hatch, James Howarth and John Goaslind built atfnir mill, the fallen-down ruins of which are now on the Howartrr homestead. To a young person of today it would be interesting to visit this old mill and compare the wooden snaits, [28] the wooden gearings, some pin ??. ? cog, the wooden bearings in which they operated,, the wooden worms used in the transmission t" the grains andWcmr, and the old stone burro between which the wheat was ground, the old wooden water wheel that set the mill in motion with the present modern, up-to-date, four-story mill which stands a little northwest of town, and note the contrast. The North Star Woolen mills, located about two miles east of Franklin were built by the Franklin Co-operative Mercantile Com- pany in 1877 and was the pioneer institution of its kind in the state; and is probably the only one of its kind in operation today in Idaho. The mercantile institution from which the present Oneida Mer- cantile Union grewxavas incorporated under the name "Franklin Co-op Store," in 18^with William Woodward, Charles W. Fox, AYilliam T. Wright, Samuel R. Parkinson and Alexander Stalker as directors, and Alevander Stalker as manager, clerk and book-keeper. The store was kept in the vestry of the meeting house. Franklin was first incorporated as a city under the laws of Utah Territory, February 19, 1868, and is described in the act creat- ing it as follows, "Commencing at a point efghty rods east from the northeast corner of Lorenzo H. Hatch & Co.'s grist mill, thence west four miles, thence south four and one-half miles thence east four miles, thence north four and one-half miles to the place of beginning." Franklin at that time covered eighteen square miles or sections, or eleven thousand five hundred and twenty acres. The village boundaries today embrace about six hundred and fifty 'acres, or a little more than one square mile. We have not yet reached the expectation of our founders. The first person to suggest the celebration of the fiftieth an- niversary of the settlement of Idaho was William Woodward, some two years ago. Mr. Woodward was near the close of years allotted to man at that time, and failing quite rapidly. He had a great desire to live to take part in the great event, but that privilege was no granted him. The idea was kept alive by some of Franklin's leading citizens, and at the celebration of the 24th of July, 1909, the people took up the matter and the board of village trustees was appointed as a central committee to attend to the work. The vil- lage trustees did not do anything with it and during the Winter the people again took hold of the matter and a central committee, con- sisting of twenty representative citizens of Southern Idaho, and northern Utah, all of whom at one time were citizens of Franklin, was formed. This committee met at Franklin and chose L. L. Hatch as chairman, S. C. Parkinson, Dr. G. W. States as first and second vice-chairmen, E. P. Monson, secretary and I. H. Nash as treasurer. They appointed a number of sub-committees and set the work in order. Arrangements have gone on smoothly since. One of the first pieces of work completed for the coming event was the building of the figures "1860" on the east side of Mt. Simart (commonly known as a tailor by trade and made his livelihood by tiiat occupation. He also operated a small farm. Knodi I'.n.dbeiit was the town butcher and did the slaughter- ing fur the settlement. Thomas IJurnett was a farmer. J"h" Bi med a livelihood by working in the canyons as a lumberman: cut some of the first lumber used in the state of Idaho. IK- also kept a small garden farm. Alexander I'.awthwick was a Scottish fanner and did consider- able labor for his neighbors that were in need of help. [30] Richard Coulters was a quiet peacable, unassuming man of not much note, and did not figure much in public affairs. Nephi Cornish was one of the first stage actots of the town and quite a successful farmer. John Cornish kept himself busy on his farm and is slill follow- ing that occupation. Benjamin Chadwick, one of Franklin's minute-men was a horse- man of considerable note. James Chad wick was a stone mason. Some of his work may be seen today in the L. D. S. meeting-house at Franklin ; also a rock dwelling, now owned by Ella Mbnson, which he built for him- self some forty years ago. Joseph Chadwick, a miner and prospector, also did some farm- ing. He hailed from the gold fields' of California. George W. Crocheron had some literary talent ; composed some lyric poetry. He was also a farmer. William Corbridge, like Enoch Broadbent, was a farmer and butcher. John Corbridge, Jr., is one of our successful farmers of today. His present farm is located some five miles northwest of Franklin. Me followed the occupation of farming since he came to Idaho. William K. Cornish came from the Isle of Mann and followed the occupation of farming. Joseph Dunkley, before coming to Franklin, worked at Calica printing. After his emigration he became a farmer. John Doney was one of Franklin's most successful farmers and dairy men. He owned a farm of 160 acres, joining the town on the east, which he handed down to his children when he went to reap harvests in "That bright land afar/' He and h's faithful wife, Ann, who still survives him, crossed the plains with the hand-cart company in 1856; walking all the way from Council Bluffs to Salt Lake City. Robert Dowdle gained his livelihood principally as a common laborer ; was one of the early minute-men and in latter years became ? farmer. He was an excellent axeman one that could hew to the bne. George A. Davey, Franklin's second school teacher ; taught school in the old fort school-house during the years of 1861-2. and for some time afterwards. Ephraim Elsworth was a common laborer and farmer. George Foster was an English Waterloo veteran ; made a liv- ing after coming to Franklin by farming. Charles W. Fox was a stone mason; helped to build the pres- ent L. D. S. meeting-house; also, like Chadwick, built for him- self a large stone dwelling some forty years ago, now the home of Hon. L. L. Hatch. He also took a prominent part in the first mercantile business of the state, established at Franklin in the early 'sixties. [31] William Fluitt, a typical frontiersman, was a farmer and sheep raiser; froze to death on one of his exploring trips during the Win- ter of 1863. John Frew was a common laborer. Mr. Frew had considerable talent along the line of vocal music. James Frew, a farmer, horse and cattle raiser is at present lo- cated on his farm 2 1-2 miles west of the town of Preston, Idaho. Robert Gregory was a successful farmer after the English style of doing things on the farm. William Garner made himself conspicuous as a builder and re- pairer of irrigation ditches. John Goaslind, a millwright and carpenter, built the first flour mill of the state. Part f the old wooden machinery and ruins of the building still stand on the site, one and one-fourth miles north- east of Franklin. Arnold Goodleif was a miller by trade and worked along that line during his stay at Franklin. Lorenzo H. Hatch, a carpenter by trade, was the second bishop of Franklin ecclesiastical ward and one of the energetic men of the early days of Franklin and Idaho, serving his people two terms in the Territoral legislature, and was first mayor of the city of Franklin. >rgc Hampton came to Franklin when a boy about fourteen years of age, learned the carpenter trade and followed that line of work until the present time. T. C. H. Howell was a veteran of the Mormon Battalion that unit to the Mexican war; was the first justice of peace elected by the people soon after their arrival at Franklin. Sarah Hampton, a widow with four children, came acrosss the plains in the hand-cart company and moved to Franklin in the Spring of 1860; married shortly after coming to Franklin to Wil- liam Rodgers. Samuel Huff, the shoe-maker of the town, gained his livelihood in his humble line of work. Samuel Handy, in the early days of the settlement, was the town herdsman and attended to the herds and flocks of the people. Handy became a farmer, which occupation he followed the remain- der of his life ; was a minute-man and figured quite prominently in some of the Indian troubles. Henry Hobbs was a gardner and a man gifted with musical talent. William II. I U-;ul was captain of the first company of cavalry which was a local organization organized for the purpose of pro- ion against the Indians. He was also a musician. Martha 1 ). ilawland came to Franklin as a widow; was at one time the wife of Bill Hickman ; sustained her family by teach- ing school. [32] Robert Hull, a rock mason and a farmer, figured quite con- spicuously in the early Indian troubles of Franklin ; at one time was taken prisoner by a band of Red warriors. He was liberated, but was finally killed by an Indian in cold blood at Blackfoot, about the year 1886. William Hull was a farmer; was an expert hand with the old ""Armstrong binder,'' known as a cradle. Thomas Hull was a farmer and like his brother William could bind the grain by hand at about the same speed that William could ciadle it. Charles W. Halbo, during the early days of Franklin, was a farmer, while his wife conducted the village hotel. They were both conspicuous singers and faithful members of the L. D. S. choir. William Handy, a farmer of Whitney, some three miles north- west of Franklin, was one of the first to come upon the present site of the town, and was one of the early day minute-men. Dahnes Keel was the fiddler and a farmer and a very industri- ous man. Edward Kingsford, a man of English descent was a successful f aimer. Peter Lowe was a farmer of Scottish descent ; was a peaceful, good citizen; also an Old Country mason and brick-layer. Thomas Lowe, a carpenter and lumberman, established a shingle mill about 1865 and sawed the first shingles in the state, after which the dirt roofs began to disappear. He presided as act- ing bishop of the ward for some time in the seventys'. George Lee was a common laborer and good citizen, and tilled a small farm of his own. John Lord, a Scotchman, gained a livelihood by weaving cloth and carpets. Thomas Mendenhall was a farmer and "traveling merchant," making regular monthly trips between Franklin and Salt Lake City, and took orders to deliver anything that the settlers along the route wanted. Thomas Mendenhall, Jr., one of Franklin's honorable citizens, was a farmer and stock-raiser; owns a large cattle ranch and farm four miles west of Preston, Idaho. John Morrison was a hardy farmer of Irish decent. Thomas McCann was a witty Irish farmer. Astory is told of his mowing hay with a scythe in early days and he laid ins nat clown where he cut one swath and when asked what he did that for said, "so I can tell where to start in on the next swath." Joshua Messeorvy, a cabinet-maker and cooper, and all around mechanic, manufactured the furniture and buckets and barrels used in Franklin and surrounding settlements. Joshua Messeorvy, Jr., was a self-made man and a genius of some little note. [33] John Messeorvv. a veteran of Captain Lot Smith's company, is a farmer and stock-raiser of Idaho Falls, Idaho, at present. loseph Messeorvv. son of Joshua, assisted his father in his work as a cabinet-maker, and afterwards became a school teacher -;iake River Valley. all Marshall was a widow with a large* family of girls and soon after coming to Franklin became the wife of Joseph Chad- v. ick. Mrs. Mavberrv. a widow, with her two sons, were successful farmers and wheat raisers. Andrew Morrison was one of the minute-men and a farmer. While in the canyon during 1863 he had his team stolen and was by Indians. The head of the arrow, after passing into his body, 1' dged in the spine, where it remained until his death twenty-seven afterwards. Uaac II. Xash was a blacksmith by trade, who instilled his \>ro- :n into each .f his three sons. Mr. Xash was a very prominent character in the ward as a choir leader, singer, Sunday school sup- erintendent, stage actor and play-writer ; had considerable talent in a literary line, especially lyric poetry. Many of his songs are now being sung by the Sunday school children. Amenus M. Xeeley was a farmer of some little note and an Indian interpreter of the early days of Franklin. William