UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 SCHOOL OF LAW LIBRARY
 
 p 
 
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 KL"
 
 Ulf\ 
 
 DEU 
 
 EN LOS 
 
 ESTADOS UNIDOS. 
 
 (Travelers' Guide in the United States.) 
 
 Edition of 1892-93. 
 
 It is written by Mr. Jose F. Godoy, author of several 
 works in the Spanish language, and will be the ONLY 
 BOOK printed in that language to serve as a guide in 
 this country to the thousands of persons coming from 
 Spain, Cuba, Mexico, Central and South America. 
 
 It will be handsomely bound, printed on fine paper, 
 and will have numerous illustrations and maps. 
 
 The retail price of the book will be $3.00, U. S. coin.
 
 INCORPORATED 1863. 
 
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 Banking- Connections in all the important centers of the world. 
 Letters of Credit for the use of travelers, available in all parts of the 
 
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 Telegraphic Transfers in Cipher made in London, Paris, Berlin and 
 
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 Drafts issued on Australia and the Orient. 
 Dividends and Coupons collected. 
 Bullion bought and sold. 
 
 Orders executed for all Investment Securities. 
 State, County, City and Water Bonds negotiated. 
 
 Approved Business Paper discounted or received as Security for Loans. 
 Loans on Goods in Transit. 
 Loans on Warehouse Receipts. 
 Collections on the Pacific Coast, Mexico, Central and South America, 
 
 New Zealand, India, China and Japan, handled at lowest rates, with 
 
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 Bills drawn on Union Bank of London, Credit Lyonnais, Paris, and 
 
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 LA REPUBLICA, a newspaper published weekly in the Spanish 
 language in San Francisco. It was established in 1879 and has a 
 large circulation in Mexico, Central and South America, and also 
 among the Spanish reading people of this coast. On this account it 
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 Bills of Exchange, Commercial and Travelers' Letters of 
 
 Credit issued, collections made, and stocks, bonds 
 
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 Managers in San Francisco: 
 
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 THE LEGAL AND MERCANTILE 
 
 OF 
 
 MEXICO 
 
 Written and Edited by 
 
 A. K. CONEY, Consul General of Mexico 
 at San Francisco, Cal., 
 
 AND 
 
 JOSE F. GODOY, Attorney at Law and Vice Consul 
 
 of Mexico at San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 *'* rr (( 
 
 CHICAGO. SAN FRANCISCO. 
 
 Pan- American Publishing Company. 
 
 V <y' 
 
 1892. 
 
 nv 
 mm
 
 Copyright, 1891, 
 
 By A. K. Coney and Jose F. Godoy, 
 All rights reserved. 
 
 \\ 
 
 1 1
 
 TO 
 
 HON. IGNACIO MARISCAL, 
 
 SECRETARY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC* 
 OF MEXICO, 
 
 THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED 
 
 BY 
 
 THE AUTHORS. 
 
 r 1 "~ 
 
 blo
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The growing importance of the trade relations between the En- 
 glish-speaking countries and the Republic of Mexico, as well as the 
 fact that every year there is a noticeable increase in the amount of 
 American and English capital invested in that country, renders it 
 important that there should be published a book containing all mat- 
 ters pertaining to the laws of Mexico affecting foreigners, and such 
 other data and information as may be useful to the merchant, manu- 
 facturer, miner, and investor dealing in or with that country. 
 
 It is with that object in view that this publication was undertaken, 
 and its authors hope that the readers of the "L/EGAt, AND MERCAN- 
 TILE HANDBOOK OF MEXICO," will find in it, in a convenient form, 
 all the information that they may need regarding the laws and com- 
 fnercial usages of the Mexican Republic. 
 
 The greatest care has been taken in the translation of official docu- 
 ments, and all information comprised in this book has been obtained 
 from official sources. 
 
 In order to give it a more manuable form, its authors have been 
 compelled to give only selections from the Custom House Ordinance, 
 Code of Commerce, Civil and Sanitary Codes, but such selections 
 contain all matters affecting foreigners in any way whatever. If the 
 Codes had been translated in, their entirety, such translation would 
 have required the publication of two or three large volumes instead of 
 one, and would have necessitated the abandonment of the plan of 
 this publication. 
 
 The original text of the tariff in Spanish is placed side by side 
 with the corresponding translation, in order that shippers may know 
 the exact article to which the law refers, as sometimes there is a dif- 
 ference of opinion as to the technical meaning of some of the words 
 used in the law, and also so that the reader nmv know exactly the
 
 xii PREFACE. 
 
 item of the tariff to which the translation refers. The Vocabulary 
 in the tariff has not been translated immediately after such law, but 
 its translation has been embodied in the General Index. 
 
 The Mining Code and other mining laws have been carefully 
 translated in their entirety, and in the notes that accompany them 
 will be found the prescriptions issued up to date on the subject, as 
 contained in the circulars of the Department of Public Works. 
 
 Both the law of patents and of trade-marks are those lately ap- 
 proved and now in force. 
 
 The selections given from the Federal Constitution are such as 
 from their general application and importance must prove of interest 
 to the readers of this book. 
 
 Among the laws that it is thought have never until now been pub- 
 lished in any book, written in English, may be mentioned the Laiv 
 regarding Foreigners and Naturalization, Code of Commerce, and 
 Sanitary Laivs, all of them most important to foreigners, especially 
 the law first mentioned, which regulates their rights and obligations 
 in Mexico, and tfhe provisions of the Code of Commerce referring to 
 the general obligations of merchants, affecting corporations and reg- 
 ulating negotiable instruments. 
 
 The portion of the work devoted to the laws of public lands aiifl 
 colonization is complete, and will be found very useful to those who 
 may have any dealings in real property in Mexico. 
 
 In the part relating to "Port Charges" merchants will find much 
 information never before compiled and printed in English. It has 
 been extracted from official publications issued by the Department 
 of Public Works of Mexico. 
 
 The synopsis of President Diaz' address is given in order that the 
 readers of this book may obtain a clear idea of the financial status 
 of Mexico and its present era of improvement. 
 
 The tables of Mexican coins, weights, and measures have been 
 carefully compiled, and the same may be said of the statistical in- 
 formation regarding population, coinage, importations, and exporta- 
 tions, etc., all being obtained from the latest official publications on 
 such subjects. 
 
 The Official Directory, as well as the data regarding the Diplo- 
 matic and Consular service, have likewise been revised and taken,
 
 PREFACE. xiii 
 
 not only from publications of the various departments, but from 
 special information kindly furnished to the authors by such depart- 
 ments. 
 
 The Legal and Mercantile Directories included in this work will, 
 it is thought, prove quite useful, and have been compiled from the 
 latest directories issued in the Republic, rectified in many cases by 
 means of private information on the subject. 
 
 As to the data relative to railways, it may be said that most of 
 that information has been obtained from the railway officials them- 
 selves. 
 
 The work contains, likewise, the internal revenue stamp duties now 
 in force and never included* before in any I?ook published in 
 English. 
 
 Knowing how important, or, rather, how necessary, it is for works of 
 the character of the present publication to be accompanied by as 
 full and complete an index as possible, great pains have been taken 
 in the formation of the one that is to be found at the end of this 
 volume. That index is quite exhaustive, and it is thought will 
 enhance the value of the publication. 
 
 Before closing this rather lengthy preface, the authors beg to ex- 
 press their thanks to the various State Departments of the Mexican 
 Government and to the Bureau of American Republics at Washing- 
 ton for the kind assistance given them in the preparation of this work 
 
 The -authors of "THE LEGAL AND MERCANTILE HANDBOOK OF 
 MEXICO" issue it, hoping that, with all its shortcomings, it may prave 
 useful to the legal profession and to the mercantile classes dealing in 
 or with the Mexican Republic. 
 
 A. K. CONEY, 
 JOSE F. GODOY.
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Preface 11 
 
 New Ordinance of Maritime and Frontier Custom Houses 17 
 
 Table of Money Values .... 63 
 
 Tariff of Importation Duties 64 
 
 Additions to the Tariff 133 
 
 List of Custom Houses and of Customs Sections or Ports. . 135 
 
 Mining Code ' 137 
 
 Regulations for Mining Deputations and Schedule of Fees 184 
 
 Law to Foster Mining and Agriculture 198 
 
 Law of Patents 202 
 
 Trade-mark Law 210 
 
 The Federal Constitution 212 
 
 Extradition Treaty between the United States and Mexico 223 
 
 Postal Convention between the United States and Mexico 227 
 
 Convention for a Parcel Post between the United States and 
 
 . Mexico 233 
 
 Law Regarding Foreigners and Naturalization 239 
 
 Law of Occupation and Sale of Public Lands 251 
 
 Circular as to Public Lands 257 
 
 Price List of Public Lands r 259 
 
 Law as to Public Lands for Colonization Purposes 261 
 
 Regulations for Importation of Articles Belonging to Colonists . . . 268 
 
 Code of Commerce 275 
 
 Sanitary Code 318 
 
 Regulations for the Transportation of Dead Bodies by Railroads.. 322 
 
 Port Charges 327 
 
 Synopsis of the Address of President Diaz 349 
 
 Mexican Coins, Weights, and Measures 353
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Diplomatic and Consular Service 359 
 
 The Federal Administration 376 
 
 State Administrations 391 
 
 Statistical Information 393 
 
 Legal Directory of the Leading Cities of the Republic 404 
 
 Mercantile Directory of the Leading Cities of the Eepublic 410 
 
 Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express List of Agents and Tariff 491 
 
 Postal Eates 495 
 
 Principal Railways of the Republic 600 
 
 Principal Steamship Lines 508 
 
 Telegraphs in the Republic 510 
 
 Revenue Stamp Tax 511 
 
 General Index.. . 515
 
 NEW ORDINANCE 
 
 OP 
 
 MARITIME AND FRONTIER CUSTOM HOUSES. 
 
 THE Tariff and the Custom House Ordinance now in force in the 
 Republic of Mexico are contained in the law approved on the 12th of 
 June, 1891, and which took effect on the 1st of November, 1891. 
 It repealed the former law approved on the 1st of March, 1887. 
 
 Chapter I of the present law treats of the general conditions of 
 commerce with the Mexican Republic. This chapter is divided into 
 two sections. Tlie first of these, containing ten articles, is entitled 
 "General Provisions." It prescribes that Mexico has opened its 
 ports of the high seas and frbntier custom houses to the commerce of 
 all nations; that the importation, exportation, re-exportation, and 
 the transit of merchandise is regulated by said law; that in the 
 republic there is no prohibition against the importation of foreign 
 goods of any kind, excepting w*ar material, when prohibited by the 
 Federal Executive; that foreign goods imported to the republic 
 through the frontiers or in foreign vessels shall pay the duties 
 stated in the tariff, or in default thereof those that may be fixed 
 according to the rules established by said tariff; that foreign goods 
 imported in national vessels, whether sail or steam, shall enjoy the 
 prerogatives specified in the special laws relating thereto; and 
 finally that the Treasury Department is the only legal authority to 
 transmit to the Federal custom houses orders as to the exemption 
 of duties, as also all classes of prescriptions relative to the tariff. 
 
 Section II of Chapter 1 treats of the powers and duties of th 
 Federal Executive, which give it authority to order the exemption 
 of duties in certain cases, permit it to explain or amend the exist- 
 
 (17)
 
 18 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 ing tariff and to prescribe duties on merchandise as yet not 
 to any. 
 
 Chapter II of the law treats "Of the cargoes of vessels abroad," 
 and the following is a translation of that entire chapter: 
 
 SECTION I Rules to which vessels coming from foreign countries 
 are subject^ and duties which they must pay in Mexican ports. 
 
 ARTICLE 12. Vessels of all classes and nationalities, in ballast or 
 laden with merchandise, destined to the United States of Mexico, 
 shall be precisely dispatched to some one of the ports qualified for 
 commerce in the high seas. 
 
 ART. 13. National and foreign vessels can carry mail, passengers, 
 and cargoes for one or more ports of the republic, even though 
 they may likewise carry mail and passengers for foreign ports, pro- 
 vided always that said vessels shall comply with what this law 
 provides, npon arriving at the Mexican ports. 
 
 ART. 14. Vessels in ballast coming from abroad which are to be 
 used in diving or fishing on Mexican coasts, or which come for the 
 purpose of receiving and carrying passengers and mail, or to load 
 with cattle, wood, or any other national product, must precisely go 
 first to ports of entry, that there they may be dispatched to their 
 destination. 
 
 ART. 15. When a vessel in ballast solicits permission to go and 
 load national effects at a place where there is no custom house, the 
 collector of customs at the proper port may grant such permission, 
 npon compliance with the prescriptions specified in article 336 of 
 this law. 
 
 ART. 16. Foreign and national vessels may freely enter at the 
 ports of the republic to winter, water, take in fresh provisions, or 
 repair damages without being subject to the payment of tonnage or 
 any other dues, with tlie exception of pilotage, that foreign vessels 
 must pay in all cases, and national ships only when they solicit 
 pilots, being subject to the general prescriptions of this law and to 
 the special ones which the collectors of customs may deem proper 
 to issue. 
 
 ART. 17. Merchant, sail or steam vessels, national or foreign, are 
 subject to the payment of pilotage dues, which will be collected by 
 the captain of the port, according to the prescriptions issued by the 
 War and Navy Department which may be in force at the time of
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 1& 
 
 their arrival, and to lighthouse dues, wherever there may be a 
 lighthous which will be collected as follows: 
 
 I. On sti-am vessels, carrying merchandise, $100 upon entering 
 and a similar amount upon leaving, even if they g o in ballast. 
 
 II. On sailing vessels, carrying merchandise, $25 upon entering 
 and a similar amount upon leaving, even if they go in ballast. 
 
 III. Foreign vessels which having been dispatched in ballast come 
 directly to some port of the republic, to load national products 
 shall pay as lighthouse dues upon leaving, $100 if steam, and $25 
 if sailing vessels. 
 
 IV. Vessels coming with merchandise destined to two or more 
 ports of the republic, shall pay for one time only, the lighthouse 
 dues, and having paid the same at the first port where a lighthouse 
 may exist, they shall not be required to pay any at the other ports 
 where they may go to unload the rest of the merchandise that they 
 carry; provided they shall obtain the proper certificate which 
 shows such payment, and care being taken that the custom house 
 collecting said dues shall notify that fact officially to the other ports 
 to which the vessel may go. 
 
 ART. 18. Foreign sailing vessels coming from abroad bringing 
 merchandise, excepting mineral coal, will pay once in the first port 
 that they touch, the tonnage dues established at the rate of $1.50 on 
 the measurement tonnage, which shall be determined according to 
 the regulations issued for the purpose by the War and Navy Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 ART. 1.9. Foreign sailing vessels destined to ports of the republic, 
 bringing merchandise and mineral coal, shall only enjoy an exemp- 
 tion of the payment of tonnage dues, for the tonnage occupied by the 
 coal that they may bring. 
 
 In order that the tonnage dues to be paid by vessels mentioned 
 in this, and the preceding, article be not collected again in the other 
 national ports at which they may touch during the same voyage, for 
 whatever purpose it may be, the captains shall provide themselves 
 with a certificate, which must be given to them by the custom house 
 which may have collected such dues, which certificate shall in all 
 cases prove the payment made. 
 
 ART. 20. The following are exempted from the payment of ton- 
 nage dues:
 
 20 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 I. Vessels referred to in articles 14 and 16 of this chapter. 
 
 II. Steam vessels. 
 
 III. Foreign sailing vessels arriving at the republic and bringing 
 only mineral coal. 
 
 IV. National vessels. 
 
 V. Foreign war vessels. 
 
 ART. 21. National or foreign vessels after having fully discharged 
 the merchandise which they may have brought, and after having 
 complied with the payment of the corresponding duties, shall be con- 
 sidered as vessels in ballast, as specified in articles 14 and 15, and 
 may be employed, under like duties, in the same operations; but 
 such foreign vessels shall remain subject to pilotage dues and 
 national vessels only when they ask for a pilot. 
 
 ART. 22. National and foreign merchant vessels, from the moment 
 that they enter into the waters of the republic, are subject to the 
 vigilance, inspection, and visits that the Mexican custom houses are 
 obliged and think proper to exercise over them. 
 
 SEC. II Obligations of captains of vessels abroad. 
 
 ART. 23. The captain of any ship receiving a cargo abroad to be 
 taken to any port of the republic is obliged to prepare a general 
 manifest of the cargo that he may bring, separately for each one of 
 the ports of his destination, in conformity with model No. 1 an- 
 nexed to this law. Said manifests shall contain 
 
 I. The name, class and nationality of the vessel, tonnage of 
 measurement, the name of the captain, of the consignor and of the 
 Mexican port to which the vessel is destined. In cases of trans- 
 shipment, when the vessel mentioned in the manifest is not the same 
 as that taking the cargo to the Mexican port, the custom house 
 shall, at the bottom of said manifest, make the proper entry, with- 
 out requiring from the parties concerned to rectify such information. 
 
 II. The marks, countermarks, and numbers of the packages, 
 partial quantities of these, their classes, gross weight, the generic 
 classification of the merchandise, and the total amount of packages. 
 Items of the same class of packages that may contain merchandise 
 of the same generic classification, machinei-y, iron, steel, plates of 
 metal and merchandise free of duty, may be stated with their 
 corresponding gross weight as a whole. 
 
 III. The names of the partial consignees of the merchandise, and
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 21 
 
 the date and signature of the captain, with the protest set forth in 
 the said model No. 1. 
 
 ART. 24. Captains of vessels consigned to order shall be con- 
 sidered as consignees thereof, if, within twenty -four hours after the 
 vessel has communicated with the port, they have not designated for 
 this purpose a person residing at such port. Within the same time 
 the captains may designate a resident of the port as consignee of 
 the goods which they may bring to order. Should they not do so, 
 the proper custom house shall proceed, as in the case of lack of 
 consignee, in conformity with article 45 of this law. 
 
 ART. 2o. Whenever in the manifests there shall be interlinea- 
 tions, erasures, blots, or corrections, a fine shall be imposed not to 
 exceed $50, excepting in the following cases: 
 
 I. When the parties concerned may have corrected the same, by 
 explanatory notes placed at the foot of the documents, before receiv- 
 ing the certificate mentioned in article 68. 
 
 II. When, despite the corrections, the various copies of the same 
 document may be found to agree among themselves. 
 
 III. When the interlineations, erasures, etc., occur or refer to 
 data which are not of any importance for the payment of the duties. 
 
 ART. 26. The captains shall present for their certification, to the 
 Mexican consul, or consular or commercial agent who resides in the 
 place where the vessel loads, four copies of the general manifest of 
 the merchandise which they may bring to the Mexican port to which 
 they are bound, leaving three copies of the document in the consu- 
 late or agency, and taking the other copy, with the proper certifi- 
 cate, and corresponding receipt, that the Mexican official must de- 
 liver to them. Such copy and receipt shall be brought by captains 
 for the purposes stated in subdivision II of article 81. 
 
 ART. 27. If at the place where the vessel loads there should be no 
 Mexican official authorized to certify the general manifest, the cap- 
 tains shall merely prepare three copies of that document, two of 
 which they shall put in the post office of the place, under registered 
 envelope or specially recommended, and respectively addressed to the 
 Treasury Department at Mexico, and to the collector of the custom 
 house of the port of their destination; they having to exact the receipts 
 that are prescribed in subdivision II of article 6 of the Postal Union, 
 so that, after being annexed to the third copy of the manifest, they
 
 22 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 may present the same to the Mexican custom house where the 
 vessel is to unload. 
 
 ART. 28. Captains are obliged to deliver to the custom house of- 
 ficials, upon their presenting themselves on board to make the visit 
 previous to the anchorage of the vessel, the following documents: 
 
 I. The general manifest of the merchandise that they may bring 
 for the port in which they are, with its respective consular receipt, 
 or the postal receipts to which reference is made in article 27. 
 
 II. A detailed account of the packages of samples in their charge, 
 according to model No. 2. 
 
 III. A list of the passengers, if there should be any, with a 
 statement of the packages which constitute their baggage, according 
 to model No. 3. 
 
 IV. A detailed statement of the excess of ship stores and of the 
 goods that they may have on board for the economical service of the 
 vessel, in conformity with model No. 4. 
 
 V. A statement of the packages that they bring which contain 
 inflammable or corrosive substances, in conformity with model No. 5. 
 
 VI. A list of the packages that may have been delivered to them 
 to be carried and that may belong to the ship's cargo, when it has 
 been impossible to make such packages appear in the manifest with 
 its corresponding note. 
 
 VII. The manifests or specification of the merchandise which they 
 may bring on board, with destination to other ports of the republic 
 or abroad, in conformity with what is provided in article 34 of this 
 Ordinance. 
 
 ART. 29. I. The absolute lack of the manifest with the consular 
 receipt shall be punished, when the vessels carry merchandise, by a 
 tine not to exceed $500, and when they shall arrive in ballast, by a 
 fine not to exceed $100, in the discretion of the collectors of cus- 
 toms. 
 
 II. The lack of the postal receipts referred to in article 27 shall 
 be punished the same as the absolute lack of manifest, if when the 
 latter is presented the proper copy is not found in the custom house 
 of the place for which the ship may have been cleared. 
 
 III. The nonpresentation and delivery of the manifest with the 
 consular receipt or the postal receipts, whenever the custom house of- 
 ficials shall present themselves on board to make their first visit
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 23 
 
 previous to the anchorage of the vessel, shall be punished by a line 
 that shall not exceed twenty-five dollars. 
 
 IV. Tue nonpresentation of any of the other documents to which 
 reference is made in subdivisions II, III, IV, V, and VI of the 
 foregoing article, shall be punished by a fine not to exceed fifty dollars. 
 
 V. All the penalties that the custom houses may impose for non- 
 compliance of the requirements heretofore stated, are subject to the 
 approval of the Treasury Department. 
 
 ART. 30. When the captains present the general manifest with the 
 consular receipt or the postal receipts, and the custom house has 
 not received its corresponding copy, the custom house collectors 
 shall demand the exhibition of the vessel's log-book, the bills of 
 lading, and the other documents which are necessary, to compare 
 the date of departure of the vessel with that of the custom house 
 documents. If the dates agree, they shall order that two copies be 
 made of the manifest, so as to proceed with the unloading of the 
 vessel, rendering an account thereof to the Treasury Department so 
 that it may make inquiry of the corresponding consulate, as to the 
 cause of such noncompliance. 
 
 ART. 31. If the dates of sailing of the vessel and of the documents 
 <lo not agree, and if it be not plainly proved that these differences 
 were caused by superior force, the custom house collectors shall in- 
 stitute an inquiry to ascertain the facts, by having the passengers 
 (if there be any) and the ship's crew declare what did occur during 
 the voyage, and give a prompt and full account of the proceedings 
 to the Treasury Department for its information and decision. 
 
 The irregularity which this article mentions shall not prevent the 
 unloading and departure of the vessel, if it be so asked, provided 
 that the captains, or their -representatives, shall give satisfactory 
 bonds to the custom house collector to accept the determination of 
 the Government thereon. 
 
 ART. 32. When captains do not present the copy of the general 
 manifest that they should bring, and those of the custom house or 
 of the Treasury Department shall have been received, an exact copy 
 of the one existing in either of said offices shall be issued, and this 
 copy, signed by the captains, shall fill the place of the one that they 
 should hava delivered at the time of the visit of inspection, upon 
 the anchorage of the vessel.
 
 24 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 ART. 33. The formalities set forth in the foregoing articles are 
 obligatory to the captains, 'even when the vessels which they com- 
 mand are dispatched without cargo, or in ballast for ports of the 
 republic; but in case that they carry merchandise for foreign ports, 
 the captains shall comply with the provisions of the following article. 
 
 ART. 34. Captains of vessels which carry merchandise to Mexican 
 and to other foreign ports, shall deposit at the custom house of 
 each port of Mexico which they may touch at, while remaining 
 therein, the corresponding manifests of the other cargoes that they 
 may have on board. The collectors of the custom houses at the 
 ports touched shall make a note that the deposit was made. 
 Should the goods destined for another port be not protected by a 
 manifest, the captain of the vessel is obliged to make a detailed 
 statement of such goods, and deliver the same to the custom house 
 officials, in conformity with the prescriptions of subdivision VII of 
 article 28 of this Ordinance; it being understood that any merchan- 
 dise found in the vessel and not comprised in the manifest by the 
 captain or whoever perfornis|his duties, shall be considered as an arti- 
 cle of contraband. 
 
 ART. 35. All documents that the captains of vessels must j ire- 
 sent in conformity with this law shall be written in Spanish, or in 
 the language of the vessel's nationality, or in that of the port from 
 which they proceed. 
 
 ART. 36. Manifests authorized after the departure of the vessels 
 carrying merchandise which the former protect, shall be considered 
 absolutely null by the custom house collectors, who shall act there- 
 upon as if the said document were lacking. The Treasury Depart- 
 ment alone can overlook this^fault, upon examination of the report 
 which may justify the cast*, as being due to superior force. 
 
 ART. 37. Captains shall take care that the packages for Mexican 
 ports containing samples, shall appear in a separate document from 
 the cargo which they carry. 
 
 ART. 38. When a vessel carries packages which belonged to the 
 cargo of another vessel, and that had remained fo> gotten, or through 
 some other cause shall not have been embarked, the captain shall 
 take care to enter them in the general manifest with the correspond 
 ing note; but should they be delivered to him at some port where 
 he is not to take up any cargo, he must make a list of such
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 25 
 
 packages, which upon their arrival he shall deliver at the same 
 time, as the other documents mentioned in article 28 of this Ordi- 
 nance. 
 
 ART. 39. Captains are obliged to preserve in good condition the 
 seals that the officials of the custom house may place on the hatch- 
 ways and bulkheads; the breaking of such seals, except in cases 
 of superior force, which must be proved, shall be punishable by a 
 tine not to exceed two hundred dollars, besides having to be subject 
 to the other penalties appropriate thereto, should the above be done 
 intentionally. 
 
 ART. 40. Captains of vessels, or those who perform their duties, 
 are obliged to exhibit the log-book, bills of lading, and all the other 
 documents that they are required to have on board, whenever they 
 are demanded by the collectors of the custom houses, in order to 
 explain away any difficulties that may arise. 
 
 The captain, or the person who may perform his duties, who shall 
 make any opposition to the presentation of the above documents, 
 which fact shall be certified by the officials of the custom house by 
 means of the corresponding report, shall be sent before the judicial 
 authority, that will proceed against him in conformity with the pro- 
 visions of the Penal Code, relative to the punishment of offenses of 
 disobedience and resistance on the part of private individuals. 
 
 ART. 41. Captains of vessels are required to treat with due 
 civility all the officials that the custom house may appoint to in- 
 spect the operations on board, and must treat them as first-class 
 passengers. 
 
 A violation of the foregoing provision in this article shall be 
 punished by the custom house officers by a fine not to exceed one 
 hundred dollars. 
 
 ART. 42. When the vessels shall be unloaded, the captains are 
 under the obligation of preparing for each boat a list in writing of 
 the packages that they may be unloading, with the details stated in 
 model No. 6. These lists shall be numbered consecutively, and be 
 delivered to the person in charge of the boat taking the load to the 
 shore. 
 
 ART. 43. Persons who legally, or as a matter of fact, take the 
 place of the captains, when these are not present, shall be responsi- 
 ble and incur in the obligations that are prescribed in this chapter.
 
 26 CUSTOM HOUSK ORDINANCE. 
 
 SEC. Ill Obligations of shippers. 
 
 ART. 44. Shippers of merchandise for ports of the republic are 
 obliged to make invoices of the articles which they send, even in case 
 that these are for the public service of the Federation or of the 
 States, by special concession, or if they refer to those articles which 
 this law exempts from the payment of duties, the shippers having 
 to make them separately for each one of their consignees, in tripli- 
 cate or quadruplicate, according to the cases which this law deter- 
 mines. These invoices shall be prepared in conformity with model 
 No. 7, and shall contain: 
 
 I. The class, nationality, and name of the vessel in which the mer- 
 chandise is shipped, the name of the captain and of the consignee 
 of the articles and the port to which the vessel is bound. 
 
 II. The marks, countermarks, and number of packages. 
 
 III. A statement in words and figures of the number of packages, 
 boxes, barrels, or any other class of wrappings in which the mer- 
 chandise may be brought, with its corresponding gross weights, in 
 words and figures likewise. 
 
 IV. The net or legal weight, in words and figures, of the mer- 
 chandise that pay duty by such respective weights. 
 
 V. The number, in words and figures, of the pieces, pairs, or 
 thousands of goods quoted by the piece, pair, or thousand. 
 
 VI. The length and width of the merchandise that pay by meas- 
 ure, in words and figures, stating the unity of measurement which 
 serves as a basis for that statement. 
 
 VII. The net weight of each square meter, and the total net 
 weight of each class, of woolen fabrics, in conformity with the item 
 of the tariff, to which each piece of merchandise may correspond. 
 
 VIII. The name, material, and class of the merchandise, stated 
 according to the nomenclature of the tariff or vocabulary; or the 
 name, material, and subdivision of the tariff, if they are comprised 
 within it, and all the necessary details, if the statement refers to ar- 
 ticles not quoted, and for which no subdivision can be found to apply. 
 
 IX. The nation from which the articles proceed, their correspond- 
 ing values, and the sum total of the packages. 
 
 X. The name of the place where the invoice was made, the cor- 
 responding date, and the signature of the shipper or forwarder, 
 with a statement wherein he declares that the same is true and that 
 he acts legally and in good faith.
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 27 
 
 XI. In order that shippers may have a proper understanding of 
 the manner in which invoices are to be made, they shall also, when 
 making their statements regarding the merchandise, consider the 
 provisions contained in the tariff of this law for the payment of 
 importation duties. . 
 
 ART. 45. When the shippers or forwarders do not state in the 
 consular invoices the names of the consignee or consignees of the 
 merchandise, or when it is stated that they are consigned to order 
 and the captains of vessels shall riot avail themselves of the power 
 given them by article 24 of this law, the custom house collector 
 shall act as consignee and shall discharge the trust so imposed in 
 conformity with the following provisions: 
 
 I. The collector of the custom house shall name a person in whom 
 he has confidence, to act as a provisional consignee of the merchan- 
 dise which came without consignment, or that are consigned to order. 
 This commissioner shall take care to comply with the general pro- 
 visions of this ordinance, until the true consignee presents himself, 
 and, in case that the latter does not appear, until the sale of the 
 merchandise. 
 
 II. The owners of goods consigned to order or whose consign- 
 ment is not stated, shall present themselves to the custom house 
 collector within twenty-four consecutive hours, calculated from 
 the moment that the vessel which brought the merchandise shall 
 have been entered, to verify their identity, and must exhibit the 
 corresponding documents and state at the foot of them, and under 
 their signature, that they constitute themselves consignees of the 
 merchandise. 
 
 III. If the period specified shall have expired, and the owner or 
 consignee shall not have presented himself, the collector shall ap- 
 point the consignee, and deliver to him a certified copy of the in- 
 voice that the custom house may have received from the consul, so 
 that he may be present at the inspection to which reference is made 
 in subdivisions V and VI of this article, and may prepare and im- 
 mediately present the corrections and amendments that the invoice 
 may require, in conformity with the prescriptions of article 44, as 
 well as make demand for the clearance of the merchandise, thereby 
 avoiding any damage that might result to the owner. 
 
 In that case the merchandise shall remain warehoused, as this
 
 28 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 Ordinance prescribes, until the sale thereof at public auction is ef- 
 fected, should the merchandise be not claimed. 
 
 IV. If, after the consignee appointed by the collector shall have 
 taken charge of the consignment, the owner of the merchandise 
 should appear and show his identity, he will be admitted as such, 
 and may proceed to clear the merchandise, after having paid all ex- 
 penses incurred including an adequate commission to the provis- 
 ional consignee 
 
 V. In all cases when the consignee of the merchandise is not 
 named in the manifest of the vessel, or when they come to order, 
 care should be taken to separate, while unloading the vessel, the 
 packages that may be without being consigned, so that when the 
 discharge shall have been made, an inspection of them b had, be- 
 fore they are put into a warehouse, in order to verify their agreement 
 with the consular invoice received at the custom house. 
 
 If the custom house has not received said invoice, a detailed state- 
 ment of the merchandise shall be made in the document to which 
 reference is made inthe succeeding subdivision. 
 
 VI. The inspection mentioned in the foregoing subdivision shall 
 be made by the inspector which the collector may designate, there 
 being present at such inspection beside the collector himself, or an 
 officer who acts in his stead, the provisional consignee appointed 
 and the captain of the vessel importing the merchandise, if he should 
 so demand it; and a document in triplicate shall be made, wherein 
 the result of the inspection shall be stated, and which shall be signed 
 by the persons mentioned. Thereupon they shall proceed to close and 
 tie up the packages with wire and lead seals, in such manner that 
 they cannot be opened without breaking the seals; and the goods 
 shall be deposited in a warehouse under special care. 
 
 VII. All the expenses incurred in the inspection, packing, sealing? 
 unloading, carrying, etc., shall be for account of the consignees or 
 owners of the merchandise, or of the latter if sold, as provided in 
 this law. 
 
 ART. 46. Shippers of merchandise may put together in the same 
 package several bundles, boxes, bags, bales, or any other class of 
 packages, containing goods of the same kind, provided that the con- 
 sular invoice shall state the number of packages contained within 
 each bale, bundle, or box. If this statement should be wanting, and
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 29 
 
 the proper amendment is not made within the time granted to con- 
 signees under article 129 of this law, the latter shall be punished 
 by a fine not to exceed fifty dollars. 
 
 It is not necessary to make the above statement with reference to 
 the following merchandise: 
 
 I. Coarse goods commonly fastened, as iron and steel bars, pipes, 
 metal plates, staves and shingles, buckets of metal or wood, pieces 
 of machinery and all merchandise of a similar kind, and goods 
 which are admitted free from the payment of duties. 
 
 II. Cases oi- interior wrappings of the merchandise contained in 
 each package. 
 
 III. Pieces of cloth that come in bales or boxes; bottles, casks, 
 And jars containing canned goods, drugs, perfumery, etc., and, gen- 
 erally, small packages, sacks, boxes, or any other class of packages 
 that may be found within one strong packing. 
 
 ART. 47. The consular invoices shall designate separately the 
 gross, net, or legal weights of the packages as the case may be, even 
 if they should be of the same merchandise, if they come under dif- 
 ferent coverings. 
 
 Packages containing cotton, linen, woolen, or silk frabrics or arti- 
 cles may be united in one item with their weights or measures as a 
 whole, provided they are articles subject to the payment of the same 
 importation duties, and if the difference of weight between them 
 does not exceed ten kilograms. 
 
 A violation of this article shall be punished by a tine not to ex- 
 ceed fifty dollars, if the consignees do not enjoy the prerogatives 
 granted to them under article 129 of this Ordinance. 
 
 ART. 48. The statement as to the width of fabrics which have to 
 pay duties by the square meter, can only be made in a single item, 
 if the upper and lower width do not differ more than six centimeters 
 between them. 
 
 Should the limits of width stated as to any of the fabrics men- 
 tioned, differ between them moi-e than six centimeters, and the party 
 concerned does not correct the error within the time allowed by 
 law, it shall be considered that the cloth has only the width of the 
 upper limit stated, and in that case, when the goods are examined, 
 an inspection shall be had of all the merchandise which is affected 
 ,by such mistake.
 
 30 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 ART. 49. Interlineations, erasures, blots, or additions are prohib 
 ited in consular invoices, when they shall produce a difference be- 
 tween the various copies of the same invoice. 
 
 Should the difference relate to data necessary for the adjustment 
 of duties, the latter shall be paid in conformity with the statement 
 which shall entail higher duties as to those that may differ among 
 themselves. 
 
 They shall only be tolerated in the following cases : 
 
 I. When the corrections have been made by the parties concerned 
 and placed at the end of the document with explanatory notes, be- 
 fore obtaining the certificate mentioned in articles 68 and 69. 
 
 II. When, notwithstanding the corrections, all the copies of the 
 documents are found to be alike. 
 
 III. When the interlineations, erasures, etc., occur or refer to 
 data which has no importance in the payment of the duties. 
 
 ART. 50. When, in the same package, there are different articles 
 which are subject to the payment of different duties, and among 
 them any article that pays on gross weight, besides a statement of 
 the total weight of the package, the invoice must likewise state the 
 legal weight of each one of the articles contained in the package, in 
 order to be able to make the proportional estimate as to the gross 
 weight. 
 
 This statement as to legal weight shall be made independent of 
 the statement referring to net weight, piece, pair, thousand, or meas- 
 ures required for the computation of duties and the adjustment of 
 each one of the other articles not quoted under gross weight. 
 
 If in the case stated there should be an omission as to the legal 
 weight of some of th merchandise not subject to the payment o* 
 duties by virtue of said weight, the estimate of subdivision of tare in 
 order to obtain the proportional gross weight of each merchandise, 
 shall be made by computing only the legal weights that may be 
 stated in the invoice, excepting in case that the parties concerned 
 shall make the proper addition within the time provided by law. 
 
 ART. 51. Invoices of packages only containing samples of the kind 
 stated in section IV of Chapter V shall not need a consular certifi- 
 cate. There shall be a statement in them of the name of the vessel 
 in which the samples were shipped, the name of the consignee of such 
 samples, the port for which they are bound, the mark and number.
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 31 
 
 quantity and kind of packages, gross weight of each and generic 
 designation of the class of samples. 
 
 A fine not exceeding five dollars for package shall be levied on 
 the consignee, if this document is lacking. 
 
 ART. 52. Shippers of merchandise shall present for their certifica. 
 tion, before the sailing of the vessel, four copies of each invoice to 
 the Mexican consul, consular or commercial agent, residing in the 
 place whence the goods are shipped, or at the port where tiie vessel 
 takes its cargo, leaving three copies in the consulate, and receiving 
 the one which must be given to them by the Mexican official, with 
 proper certification and receipt. This copy of the invoice, with the 
 consular receipt, shall be sent by the shipper to the consignees of 
 the merchandise, so that the latter in their turn may at the Mexican 
 ports comply with the provisions of the law. 
 
 ART. 53. The invoices may be presented for their certification to 
 any Mexican consul or consular agent abroad, but this should be done 
 before the departure of the merchandise with destination to the re- 
 public. 
 
 ART. 54. In places where there is no Mexican consul or consular 
 agent, shippers shall make their invoices only in triplicate; and in 
 other respects, according to the preceding provisions, sending on the 
 same day, by certified letter or with indorsed envelopes by the post 
 office of the place (subdivision II of article 6 of the Postal Union) 
 one copy of the invoice to the Treasury Department, and another to 
 th"e collector of the custom house of the port to which the mer- 
 chandise is destined. 
 
 The shipper shall take care to demand from the postmaster the 
 proper receipts, which he will forward to the consignee at the port 
 to which the merchandise is sent, who shall, when received, present 
 them to the collector of the custom house with the third copy of the 
 invoice when asking for a permit to unload the merchandise. The 
 fact that the invoices are certified by the consul of some friendly na- 
 tion, does not exempt the shippers from the obligation of complying 
 with the provisions of this article. 
 
 ART. 55. The absolute lack of an invoice with the consular certifi- 
 cate or the postal receipts, which, in conformity with article 54, the 
 consignee of the goods must present to the custom house, shall be 
 punished by the collection of double duties on the merchandise im- 
 ported.
 
 32 CUSTOM HOUHK ORUIXANCK. 
 
 ART. 56. It' the consignee should present his invoice with the 
 proper consular receipt attached and the custom house has not re- 
 ceived theirs, a copy of that of the consignee shall be made to place 
 it with the records of the case; but if the latter does not present it 
 and the custom house should have the one that belongs to it, the 
 consignee may demand in writing a certified copy of such invoice, and 
 thereby shall supply the want of his copy. 
 
 When the custom house shall have prepared the certified copy 
 and canceled the revenue stamps that the document may have af- 
 fixed, of the value of fifty cents for each leaf of legal dimensions, the 
 consignee shall subscribe it with his own signature. 
 
 The petition for a copy to which this article refers, shall have rev- 
 enue stamps of the value of fifty cents for each leaf of paper of legal 
 dimensions. 
 
 ART. 57. When the goods proceed from a place where there is no 
 Mexican consul or consular agent, and the vessel which carries them 
 comes also from a place where there are no such Mexican officials, 
 the presentation of the postal receipts is indispensable, it being un- 
 derstood that its default shall only be excused when the custom 
 house or the Treasury Department shall have received its cor- 
 responding inclosures by mail. If the invoice presented by the 
 consignee of the merchandise <loes not agree, either through an ex- 
 cess or a decrease with the contents stated in the documents in pos- 
 session of the custom house or of the Treasury Department, the 
 payment of duties shall be made in conformity with the statement 
 that implies the payment of higher duties of those that differ among 
 themselves. 
 
 ART. 58. In default of the invoice, either of the custom house, or 
 of the party concerned, or the one intended for the Treasury De- 
 partment, proceedings shall be had in the same manner as in the 
 case of consular invoices. 
 
 ART. 59. The custom house invoices should be written in the 
 Spanish language; but it may be permitted to present them in any 
 other known language, if the shippers are ignorant of the official lan- 
 guage of the republic. 
 
 ART. 60. .Noncornpliance with the provisions of this law with 
 reference to consular invoices, shall be punished by the custom 
 house collectors with the penalties established in the articles rela- 
 tive to the same.
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 33 
 
 
 
 ART. 61. The consignees of goods in Mexican ports are legally 
 responsible, by virtue of the law, for the mistakes incurred by the 
 shippers or forwarders of merchandise. ' 
 
 ART. 62. The shipper who should, before the departure of the ves- 
 sel carrying the merchandise, notice any error in his invoices, after 
 the consular certificate shall have been issued, may present to the 
 consul who certified the invoice, a statement regarding the error 
 committed, made out in quadruplicate. The consul shall return one 
 of the copies of the statement to the party concerned, sealed and 
 certified to, in order that it may be sent to the consignee of the mer- 
 chandise, and the latter must present it with the consular invoice to 
 the proper custom house, when he shall ask for the permit to land 
 the goods. 
 
 This statement certified to shall excuse the error committed in the 
 invoice. 
 
 ART. 63. If the statement be made after the departure of the ves- 
 sel carrying the merchandise and before its arrival at the port of 
 destination, the certificate shall nevertheless be made out by the 
 consul; but its admission in the proper custom house shall only be 
 decided by the Treasury Department. 
 
 ART. 64. When through unforeseen accident, the shipper may not 
 be able to obtain the certification of his invoices, although there rtiay 
 be a Mexican consul or consular agent at the place of his residence, 
 he shall proceed as is prescribed in article 54 of this Ordinance, it 
 . remaining within the discretion of the Treasury Department to de- 
 termine whether or not said invoices should be received, in view of 
 the causes that might be alleged in justification of such failure and 
 default. 
 
 ART. 65. Packages of merchandise should only contain one mark 
 and number so that they may be easily identified. When the pack- 
 ages shall have other marks and numbers than those stated in the 
 consular invoice and manifest, a fine shall be imposed on the con- 
 signee not to exceed one dollar for each package that may be in that 
 condition. The name or address of the factory which may be uni- 
 formly stamped on all the packages, shall not be considered as a 
 mark under this provision, but the initials, figures, and numbers with 
 which each one is to be distinguished from the rest. 
 
 ART. 66. When cattle of any class are to be sent to the republic, 
 the proceedings thereon shall be as follows: 
 3
 
 34 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 I. The shipper must present himself before the Mexican consul re- 
 siding at the place whence the animals are forwarded, stating his in- 
 tention to make that traffic. with the markets of the republic. 
 
 II. The consul shall appoint a veterinary surgeon, who, at thp 
 expense of the party concerned, shall examine the cattle referred to 
 and issue the proper certificate of sanity. 
 
 III. This certificate shall be approved by said consul and must be 
 annexed to the consular invoice that the party concerned must pre- 
 sent at the custom house of entry. 
 
 IV. Upon the arrival of the cattle at the custom house of entry, 
 the collector of the port shall appoint a veterinary surgeon, who, at 
 the expense of the party concerned, shall proceed to make a 
 proper examination of the same, and issue a certificate therefor. 
 
 V. If the cattle should be found to be in a perfect sanitary condi- 
 tion, the procedings for their debarkation and delivery shall be com- 
 menced; otherwise, if the disease which the cattle are suffering from 
 is sufficiently proved, the collector of the custom house shall not 
 issue the order for their landing, but must give notice immediately 
 to a competent authority that may take the proper steps, so that said 
 cattle shall immediately be taken out of the country. 
 
 VI. No importation duties shall be collected whenever, in conform 
 ity with the foregoing subdivision, the cattle are not allowed to be 
 introduced in the republic. 
 
 ART. 67. The following prescriptions shall be observed in the send- 
 ing of fresh meats to the republic: 
 
 I. The shipper must present himself to the Mexican consul resid- 
 ing at the place wherefrom the cattle are to be sent, stating that 
 he desires to make that traffic with the markets of the republic. 
 
 II. The consul shall thereupon appoint an expert veterinary, who, 
 at the expense of the party concerned, shall examine the meats 
 before and after they shall have been cut from the animals, and issue 
 the proper certificate of sanity. 
 
 III. This certificate, approved by said consul, ought to be annexed 
 ,to the consular invoice that may be presented at the custom house 
 of the port of entry by the party concerned. 
 
 IV. Fresh meats must be forwarded in special apparatus for re- 
 frigeration or by using any other physical or chemical device for 
 preservation, that may sufficiently insure the unchangeable condition 
 of the articles and their sanitary condition.
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 35 
 
 V. Upon the arrival of the meats at the point of destination, the 
 custom house collector of the proper Federal office shall give notice 
 to the Board of Health of the place, so that, without loss of time 
 and at the expense of the party concerned, the Board may proceed 
 by means of proper experts to the most scrupulous examination of 
 said meats, and thereupon issue the proper receipt therefor. 
 
 VI. If the meats are in perfect condition, the proceedings for 
 unloading and delivering them shall be commenced; but if it is just 
 the opposite, and their bad condition is sufficiently proven, a proper 
 report thereon shall be prepared, and, with the intervention of the 
 local authority, they shall thereupon be destroyed by fire. 
 
 VII. No importation duties shall be collected when, in conformity 
 with the foregoing sxibdivision, the destruction of the meats is 
 to be effected. 
 
 VIII. Small introductions of fresh meats for the exclusive use of 
 the towns situated along the frontiers, may be excepted from the 
 obligation stated in subdivision IV of this article, if the collector 
 of the proper custom houses deem it advisable. 
 
 SEC. IV Duties of Mexican consuls abroad. 
 
 ART. 68. The duties of Mexican consuls or commercial agents 
 abroad, with reference to the compliance with the provisions of this 
 Ordinance, are the following: 
 
 I. To receive the four copies of the manifest which may be pre- 
 sented to them for their certification, examining if the sum total of 
 packages is correct and is alike in the four copies, if these have ex- 
 plained at the bottom any corrections, interlineations or erasures, 
 and if the signature is the same in the four copies. 
 
 II. To certify on each one of the four copies, on the very paper of 
 the invoice, and immediately after the last- line written, the fact of 
 their having been presented, with the name of the captain who signs 
 the manifest, the number of packages which it indicates, of the folios 
 which it may comprise, the date of the presentation, and if they 
 have any explanations at the end, and in what number; sealing, dat- 
 ing, and signing at the end thereof (model No. 9). 
 
 III. Of the four copies of the manifest they shall deliver one to 
 the party concerned, with a receipt having a stub united thereto in 
 the form shown in model No. 1, which is found annexed to this law; 
 said receipt to contain the consecutive number corresponding to the
 
 36 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 manifest, the date of the delivery of the latter, and the seal of the 
 consulate. 
 
 IV. To receive and certify the four copies of any statement of 
 erroneous information or data omitted in the invoice, which the 
 shippers may present, in conformity with the provisions of articles 
 62 and 63 of this Ordinance. In the certificate the date of the pre- 
 sentation must be stated, and it must be shown whether it was before 
 or after the sailing of the ship carrying the merchandise. 
 
 Of these four copies, one they shall return to the party concerned, 
 and as to the three others they shall be used as is provided in the 
 case of consular invoices. 
 
 ART. 69. All the provisions of the foregoing article about the 
 manifests of the vessels, are applicable to the invoices which the 
 shippers or consignors must present to the consuls for their certifica- 
 tion. 
 
 ART. 70. Consuls shall proceed with the three manifests and the 
 invoices, which, in compliance with this law, should be left in their 
 hands by the captains and shippers, in the following manner: 
 
 I. They shall form two collections subdivided in groups, each one 
 comprising the manifest and invoices relating to the same vessel and 
 to merchandise destined for the same port. These groups of man- 
 ifests and invoices they shall send, respectively inclosed in sealed 
 envelopes, and by the vessel if it is a steam vessel, to the Treasury 
 Department and to the collector or collectors of the custom houses of 
 the ports to which the vessel carries merchandise; if the vessel 
 carrying the goods should not be a steamship, the consuls will avail 
 themselves of the first direct mail to forward the corresponding doc- 
 uments. 
 
 II. With the third copy of the manifest and the third series of 
 invoices, they shall proceed to form two records, wherein there shall 
 separately appear these documents in the same order followed in the 
 stub receipt books. 
 
 ART. 71. Should some manifest or invoice referring to goods that 
 may have already left the port of departure, be presented to the 
 consuls for their certification, when it would not be possible that said 
 goods should have reached the Mexican port to which they are des- 
 tined, they shall certify such documents in conformity with what is 
 provided in article 68, stating thereon the date of the departure of
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 3T 
 
 the vessel which carries the goods, and the reason that the parties 
 concerned may have presented to justify their delay; but th admis- 
 sion of those documents by the proper custom houses can only take 
 place if the Treasury Department so determines it, in view of the 
 reasons stated to excuse the delay. 
 
 ART. 72. Consuls residing in foreign towns situated opposite to 
 frontier Mexican custom houses, shall certify the four copies of each 
 "permit for importation," issued by the custom house, when pre- 
 sented to them. They shall return the duplicate of the permit to 
 the party concerned, with the proper certificate, keeping the orig- 
 inal and the two remaining copies. 
 
 ART. 73. At the end of each hionth the consuls shall prepare a 
 statement wherein may be comprised the number, date, amount of 
 packages, generic class of the merchandise, origin, value, and con- 
 signee of each one of the permits which they may have certified. 
 
 They shall send a copy of this statement, with the original of the 
 corresponding permits, to the proper custom house, and another 
 copy with the triplicate, to the Treasury Department. The quadru- 
 plicate shall serve to form part of the records of the consulate. 
 
 ART. 74. Consuls and consular agents of Mexico are under the 
 obligation of explaining everything pertaining to this Ordinance 
 to whoever may ask such information, and to give to the captains 
 of vessels and to the shippers, all possible data and information 
 regarding the laws of the country and the requirements exacted by 
 the nation with regard to its international commerce. 
 
 ART. 75. Consuls are authorized to use in the certification of 
 manifests and invoices seals with blanks for writing, provided they 
 shall take care to advise the Treasury Department of it, sending an 
 impression of the seal that they may have adopted. 
 
 These seals shall be precisely stamped on the paper of the invoice. 
 ART. 76. Consuls must only issue a certified copy of the documents 
 which may be of record in their office, at the request of the party 
 concerned; but these documents shall not be received by the custom 
 house, unless the approval therefor shall have been obtained from the 
 Treasury Department. 
 
 Only under the same circumstance of petition made by the party 
 concerned, shall the consuls issue the other certificates which are 
 for the purpose of pi-oving facts of which they have knowledge and
 
 38 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 statements made to them with reference to the documents that they 
 may have already certified. 
 
 ART. 77. So as to comply with the provisions of subdivision II 
 of article 68 and for other analogous uses, consuls shall use a seal 
 with the national arms and around it the following inscription: 
 Consulate of the United States of Mexico, at . 
 
 ART. 78. Consuls shall charge for the certifications in the docu- 
 ments which the captains of vessels and shippers of merchandise 
 must present: 
 
 I. For the certification of a manifest referring to a vessel 
 
 carrying merchandise to the republic $10 00 
 
 II. For the certification of a manifest of a ship dispatched 
 
 in ballast 4 00 
 
 III. For the certification of each set of custom house invoices 4 00 
 
 IV. For a certificate which for any purpose may be issued 
 
 to the captains or shippers 2 00 
 
 V. When the certificates to which the preceding subdivision 
 
 refers, are asked in duplicate, triplicate, etc., they shall 
 charge for each additional copy 1 00 
 
 VI. For certifying each set of statements referred to in arti- 
 
 cles 62 and 63 2 00 
 
 VII. For certifying each set of permits of importation 
 
 through the frontier custom houses 25 
 
 The value of the certificates that under any head may be charged 
 by the consuls or consular agents, must be paid in cash and in 
 money of the country where theste officials reside, in accordance 
 with the table that is to be found at the end of this law, which estab- 
 lishes the equivalent values of foreign coins, as compared with the 
 Mexican dollar, which is the monetary unit of the republic. 
 
 ART. 79. Consuls must place exactly the same certificates on the 
 four copies of each manifest or invoice, without charging more fees 
 on that account, than those fixed in the preceding article. 
 
 ART. 80. The following likewise constitute duties of Mexican 
 consuls:-* 
 
 I. To inquire into all the circumstances of importance in regard 
 to mercantile shipments which are directed to ports of the repub- 
 lic, especially those which proceed from the place of their residence.
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 39 
 
 II. To forward to the Treasury Department a monthly statement 
 of the vessels sent to Mexican ports, with the relative number of the 
 manifest and those of the invoices of each one of them, as it is shown 
 in model No. 10. < ' 
 
 III. To send likewise a statement of the vessels which arrive at 
 the ports of their residence, coming from the republic, with all the 
 details indicated in model No. 11, and the others which they may 
 think of interest. 
 
 IV. To send to the Treasury Department on the first days of each 
 month, duplicate notes of the current prices of merchandise in the 
 place of their residence, and information as to the new articles and 
 industrial products which may be found in the market. 
 
 V. To give information to the Treasury Department regarding 
 all data which they may obtain concerning national articles that 
 may be returned to the republic, and whose invoices they may cer- 
 tify. 
 
 VI. To appoint a veterinary surgeon for the inspection of cattle 
 and fresh meats that from the place of his residence may be for- 
 warded to the republic, and to legalize the corresponding certificates. 
 
 Chapter III of the law treats of the " Obligations of captains of 
 foreign vessels and their consignees to the Mexican custom 
 houses. 1 ' It is divided into three sections. The first section refers 
 to the "Arrival and unloading of vessels coming from abroad," and 
 gives the rules to be observed by the captain and the custom house 
 officials upon the arrival of a vessel from abroad, and the steps to be 
 taken to get the permit to unload the ship and perform that opera- 
 tion in conformity with the law. The second section refers to the 
 "Consignees of vessels and merchandise," showing what their duties 
 are and prescribing that they are the only persons whom the custom 
 houses or any other authorities will allow to take any steps in mat- 
 ters relating to custom house operations. And section 3 treats of 
 "Renouncing the consignment," and gives to the consignees the priv- 
 ilege of renouncing their consignments within the period of twenty- 
 four hours, calculated from the time that the mail from the vessels 
 reaches the shore and before making the petition for permission to 
 unload, and section 3 furthermore shows the manner and circum- 
 stances for exercising that right. 
 
 Chapter IV of the law gives rules for the "Additions and correc-
 
 40 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 tions in manifests and consular invoices, 1 ' to be made by the cap- 
 tains and consignees of vessels, after their arrival at the Mexican 
 port. 
 
 Chapter V of the law treats of the "Dispatch of foreign goods, 
 collecting duties of analogy, appraisements by experts, samples, 
 baggage of passengers and damages" 
 
 The first section of said chapter gives the rules for dispatching or 
 unloading foreign goods from vessels arriving at Mexican ports, and 
 the second section establishes regulations of duties by analogy, when 
 an article is brought 011 a vessel to a Mexican port, whose form, class, 
 or material is not determined in the tariff; while the third section 
 prescribes the manner in which the controversies regarding disputes 
 as to the classification of some merchandise, arising when the vessel 
 is to unload, between the consignees and the fiscal authorities, must 
 be settled. 
 
 Section IV of Chapter V treats of " Samples," and a translation 
 of the entire section is as follows : 
 
 ART. 213. Samples intended to make known the merchandise 
 which they represent, shall be granted, on their importation, the 
 privileges stated in the articles of this law relative thereto. 
 
 ART. 214. Remnants of cloth not exceeding twenty centimeters 
 in length, even when having all the width of the cloth, and any article 
 which, not being entire, cannot be used for sale, shall be considered as 
 samples exempt from the payment of duties. 
 
 ART. 215. Samples of entire articles, such as manufactured goods 
 of any material whatever, articles of hardware, ironware, lampware, 
 handkerchiefs, small and large, stockings and socks, shirts, etc., 
 shall pay the duties corresponding to such articles, or shall be ren- 
 dered useless for their sale, by cutting or perforating them in sev- 
 eral places. 
 
 ART. 216. When the sample cases of iron and hardware shall con- 
 tain articles paying different kinds of duties and the weight of each 
 class cannot be ascertained, the whole sample case shall pay at the 
 highest rate assessed on any of the articles contained in the case. 
 
 ART. 217. In regard to samples which an importer wishes to pre- 
 serve for re-exportation, their entrance shall be permitted without 
 the payment of duties, provided that the custom house believes that 
 they can be identified when they shall be taken out of the country ;
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 41 
 
 and in such case the custom house collector shall demand a bond for 
 twice the amount of the duties which should be paid on such mer- 
 chandise, giving the party concerned a period of six months, that 
 the re-exportation of them may be made through the same custom 
 house. 
 
 If within the time granted the party concerned presents himself 
 to pay the corresponding duties, those which should be paid on said 
 merchandise shall be collected; but if at the expiration of the time 
 granted they are not re-exported, nor the duties are paid, the 
 bond for the payment of double duties which was given shall be 
 declared forfeited, and collection made thereon. 
 
 ART. 218. When it may be to the interest of the owner of the 
 samples te which reference is made in the foregoing article to re- 
 export them by another custom house different from that at which 
 the merchandise passed on entering the republic, he shall make ap- 
 plication therefor to the Treasury Department, that shall pass upon 
 that application and decide the case in conformity to what it may 
 deem just and proper. 
 
 Section V of Chapter V in its entirety may be translated as fol. 
 lows: 
 
 Section V Oj passengers and their baggage. 
 
 AKT. 219. Passengers upon their arrival at the republic are 
 obliged to present their baggage to the custom house employer who 
 has their inspection in charge; and if thy bring small quantities of 
 articles as presents or for their private use, upon which duties are 
 to be paid, they shall so state in writing to said employe before the 
 baggage is opened, for which purpose they shall be informed of the 
 obligation already mentioned. 
 
 If they are able to give the necessary information for the adjust- 
 ment of duties, they shall state it in writing in the blank docu- 
 ment that will be delivered to them for that purpose; but if they 
 are not able to give such information, it shall be sufficient if they 
 make their statement in the terms that may be possible. 
 
 ART. 220. The document or manifest to which reference is made 
 in the foregoing article, shall be made out in triplicate, and will serve 
 as a petition for the clearance of the articles; but it shall not be neces- 
 sary to place any revenue stamps thereon, nor shall any penalties 
 be incurred in, should not sufficient information be furnished fo r 
 the adjustment of duties.
 
 42 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 ART. 221. When a passenger shall state that he brings among his 
 baggage small quantities of articles as presents, or for his private use, 
 on which duties should be paid, the examination shall be made by 
 the inspector that the collector of customs may desiginate, who shall 
 make an entry of the articles upon which duties should be charged 
 under the law, so that they shall be immediately adjusted and paid, 
 without detaining the passenger any more time than what is indis- 
 pensable for these operations. 
 
 ART. 222. When the passengers do not bring in their baggage 
 articles on which duties should be paid, but merely articles of their 
 personal use, they shall so state it verbally before the inspection of 
 their packages takes place. 
 
 ART. 223. Passengers who bring with them in their baggage, or 
 outside of it, articles of commerce on which duties exceeding $100 
 may be charged, shall be obliged to have them accompanied by con- 
 sular invoices, in compliance with the prescriptions of this ordinance 
 for the importation of merchandise. 
 
 Those articles are considered as articles of commerce which, ow- 
 ing to their class or quantity, may be considered as not being for the 
 personal use of the passenger. 
 
 ART. 224. The baggage of a passenger, for the purposes of being 
 free from the payment of duties, may consist of: 
 
 I. Clothing for personal use, if not excessive, and the determina- 
 tion whereof is left to the judgment of the collector of customs in 
 accordance with the circumstances of the passengers. 
 
 II. Articles which they wear, or of their personal use, such as jew- 
 elry, a watch and chain, buttons, cane, etc., and one or two fire- 
 arms, with their accessories and one hundred shots. 
 
 III. The instruments or tools more essential or indispensable to 
 exercise their profession or trade, if the passengers are professors, 
 artists or artisans; it being understood that this exemption does not 
 extend to pianos, organs, or hand organs, nor to materials or acces- 
 sories for the establishment of laboratories, shops, or offices. 
 
 IV. Ninety-nine cigars, forty packages of cigarettes, and a half 
 kilogram of snuff or chewing tobacco, if the passengers are adults. 
 
 ART. 225. If the passengers should be artists of some opera, 
 comedy, circus, or other company, besides the free articles granted in 
 general in the foregoing articles, they shall be permitted to intro-
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 43 
 
 duce to the republic, free from duties, their costumes and scenery, 
 coming as part of their baggage, under the obligation of re-exporting 
 them within the period of one year, and under the following condi- 
 tions: 
 
 I. The manager or representative of the company shall present 
 to the corresponding custom house a detailed statement of the 
 costumes, scenery, etc., that they may bring with them, showing, 
 furthermore, in the statement the marks or special signs that may 
 be placed on each one of the articles. 
 
 II. The custom house shall proceed to the inspection and adjust- 
 ment of the said articles in conformity with the tariff of the Ordi- 
 nance in force, requiring from the representative a bond that shall 
 be deemed sufficient for the total amount at which the duties may 
 be estimated. 
 
 III. In case that the manager of the company declares that the 
 articles are going to be sent out of the country by another point 
 different from that of their entrance, the custom house collector 
 shall inform that fact to the head of the custom house mentioned 
 by the manager, and must immediately send a certified copy of the 
 manifest or statement, so that the articles may be compared there- 
 with when they shall be r-exported. 
 
 IV. If the re-exportation is effected through the custom house 
 where the articles entered, a minute examination of the articles 
 shall be made, and if they shall agree with the statement presented, 
 the permit for their re-exportation shall be entered on the docu- 
 ment itself, and the bond deposited shall be returned; but if the 
 articles leave the country through another custom house, the clear- 
 ance shall be made in the same manner, by delivering to the repre- 
 sentative a certificate wherein the departure of the articles may be 
 stated, and advice of the result of the examination shall be given 
 to the custom house through which the goods entered, sending thereto 
 a statement mentioning the articles that may have been re-exported,, 
 so that upon showing the same and the presentation of the certifi- 
 cate, the party concerned or the person who may represent him 
 shall withdraw the bond already given. 
 
 V. Any article that may not be presented for re-exportation shall 
 be subject to the payment of the proper importation duties, except 
 in cases of superior force, duly proved.
 
 44 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 VI. When the custom house collectors notice that among the 
 articles introduced there are some that should not enjoy the privi- 
 lege granted, they shall make an invoice and collect the correspond- 
 ing duties thereon, they being allowed, in case that the articles may 
 be damaged, to make a reduction of the duties, according to the 
 condition in which the articles may be found. 
 
 ART. 226. When the passengers bring with them some of their 
 household effects, which show that they have been long in use, the 
 custom house collectors are authorized to grant a reduction on the 
 duties according to the damaged condition of the articles, proceed, 
 ings therefor being taken as is prescribed in section IV of this 
 chapter. 
 
 ART. 227. When a passenger declares that in her baggage there 
 is any package which she does not think proper to be inspected 
 by the male officials, it shall be granted to her that it may be exam- 
 ined by a person of the female sex, appointed by the custom house 
 collector. This person shall be paid by the Treasury, and shall 
 share in the smuggled articles which she may seize. 
 
 ART. 228. The searching of the passenger's person, and especially 
 if pertaining to the feminine sex, shall only be made in very excep- 
 tional cases, and by another of the same sex, when there is very 
 specific information given, or when, for reasonable cause, the person 
 is suspected; but in either of these cases the search shall not be 
 made, without pi-eviously advising the custom house collector. 
 
 ART. 229. Packages on which the passengers may make a state- 
 ment must correspond in numbers, marks, and countermarks with 
 those which the list presented by the captains of the vessels or rail- 
 way conductors contain; otherwise a presumption arises that they 
 are smuggled articles and the custom house collectors shall proceed 
 at once to make the corresponding investigation. 
 
 ART. 230. The employes of the custom houses shall be cai-eful to 
 inform the passengers that they have nothing to pay for the exam- 
 ination of baggage, excepting the duties which should be paid on 
 their articles, or of the wire and seals for the sealing of the baggage 
 whenever it is asked and this law requires it. 
 
 ART. 231. The examination of baggage shall be made in a conven- 
 ient and secure place, gradually, and of each passenger one after an- 
 other, without offensive distinctions, and strictly in turn. Not with-
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 45 
 
 standing this the collectors shall see that this operation is hastened 
 as much as is possible, so as not to a detain the passengers any longer 
 than necessary. 
 
 ART. 232. When passengers from abroad come to the capital of 
 the republic or to any point in the interior, where there are counter 
 custom inspectors, the examination of their baggage may be per- 
 mitted to be made at those places, provided that the packages are 
 sent directly by the custom house to a proper fiscal office, at the 
 risk and expense of the party concerned. 
 
 ART. 233. Transportation or express companies may be likewise 
 allowed that the baggage intrusted to their care be dispatched at the 
 capital, or other point of the interior where there may be some 
 counter customs inspectors; but in that case the packages shall be 
 sealed up and tied up with wires, said transportat io company be- 
 ing responsible under bond, to the payment of a fine in an amount 
 not to exceed one hundred dollars ($100) for each package that may 
 be found tampered with, besides being subject to the other penalties 
 that may properly be imposed on them therefor. 
 
 ART. 234. In the cases specified in the two preceding articles, 
 when the sending of baggage for examination in the interior of the 
 country is solicited, the packages which contain articles on which 
 duties have to be paid shall be stated. 
 
 The interior offices which have charge of the examination and 
 dispatch of baggage are exclusively responsible for the result of such 
 examination, and consequently they must take care to collect the 
 amounts properly due for duties, issue the certificate showing that 
 such payment has been made, and notify the result to the custom 
 house which granted the permit to let the baggage pass into the 
 interior of the republic. 
 
 ART. 235. When railroad companies, conductors of trains, or ex- 
 press companies as carriers of baggage, take charge of them without 
 the passenger coming, they must ask from the latter the keys and 
 the information that may be necessary to dispatch and clear the bag- 
 gage. If those requisites are not complied with, the baggage shall 
 be deposited at the custom house, and if six months elapse without 
 their being claimed, they will be considered as abandoned, and pro- 
 ceedings may be had in reference thereto, in conformity with what 
 is pi-escribed in Chapter XX of this Ordinance.
 
 46 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 ART. 236. It is prohibited in every way, and under tlie strictest 
 responsibility of the subordinate officials who do it, or the superiors 
 who tolerate or permit it, to look over and read the private papers 
 of the passengers, their professional or property titles, books, and 
 accounts, whether private or of any mercantile or industrial estab. 
 lishment or society. The examination of those articles shall be 
 limited to what is indispensable in order to ascertain that there be 
 no dutiable articles. 
 
 ART. 237. Custom house collectors shall take care that the em- 
 ployes who are under their orders shall treat passengers who arrive 
 in the republic with all politeness and urbanity, making them un- 
 derstand, before the examination of their baggage, the obligations 
 which custom house laws impose on them, never permitting the sub- 
 ordinate employes to make the examination, unless a superior offi- 
 cer oversees it. The federal officers shall neither permit passengers 
 to behave disrespectfully or improperly _, with regard to the country 
 which they have entered, or the government which said officers rep- 
 resent; they can even take before the local authority any passenger 
 who may commit such faults, in order that the merited punishment 
 may be applied. 
 
 ART. 238. The revision of baggage shall be made without greatly 
 disarranging the articles, and when passengers desire to make such 
 revision themselves, they shall be permitted so to do, provided the 
 officers are satisfied that there are no other articles besides those 
 which the passenger has shown. 
 
 ART. 239. The free entrance without examination of their baggage 
 and articles of private use, and the exemption of duties to the articles 
 that they may import for their use, in conformity with the law ap- 
 plicable to the case, shall only be granted through courtesy and re- 
 ciprocity to the foreign ministers or diplomatic representatives 
 accredited to the republic. 
 
 In each case the Treasury Department, upon notice of the Depart- 
 ment of Foreign Relations, shall communicate to the proper custom 
 house the orders that may be necessary to more properly carry out 
 the prescriptions contained in this article. 
 
 ART. 240. Custom house collectors are authorized to permit that 
 the baggage of passengers may be landed at the same time as they 
 do, if the captain has already delivered a statement of their baggage,
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 1 
 
 and even to dispatch them at unusual hours, provided the pas- 
 senger is obliged to continue his journey at once, and if the packages 
 are not very numerous and do not contain so many articles that 
 they require a long and minute examination. As a general rule, 
 custom house collectors shall make all possible concessions in favor of 
 passengei-s, provided that they do not result to the detriment of the 
 fiscal interests. . 
 
 ART. 241. When passengers make the statement that they do not 
 bring in their baggage anything but articles for their personal use, 
 and the examination shows that they bring merchantable articles 
 that are subject to the payment of duties, the penalty of double du- 
 ties shall be applied on said articles as a punishment for the conceal- 
 ment. 
 
 ART. 242. If the passengers are accused of being smugglers, or if 
 their too frequent trips render them suspicious, the custom house 
 collectors are authorized to restrict, as far as may be necessary, the 
 privileges granted in this chapter, but must advise the Treasury De- 
 partment what they shall have done and the reasons that they may 
 have for so doing. 
 
 ART. 243. Mail messengers, mail carriers, civil and military 
 officers, on their arrival at the country, are subject to the same pre- 
 scriptions as other passengers. Federal custom house employes 
 may inspect the departments assigned to mail carriers, not opening, 
 however, any letters, mail bags, or mail boxes which may be duly 
 closed and sealed. They can also examine the mail bags through an 
 officer appointed by the custom house collectors for the purpose; 
 but this examination can only be made at the post office itself, before 
 its postmaster or the employer who represents him, in conformity 
 with the provisions of the Ordinance of that department, and with- 
 out opening or injuring any mail package. 
 
 ART. 244. Custom house collectors shall take care to have this 
 chapter printed in French, English, German, and Italian, in sepa- 
 rate copies for each language, the Spanish text being in each, so 
 that it may serve as a notice to passengers who come to this coun- 
 try. Those notices shall be fixed in public places, and especially 
 where the examination of baggage is made. These notices shall be 
 distributed to steam companies making trips at stated times, to rail, 
 road companies, and to express companies carrying baggage, so that
 
 48 CrsTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 passengers, if possible, may know them before their arrival to the 
 national territory. 
 
 Section VI of Chapter V gives the rules for determining the 
 "Damage done to merchandise." 
 
 Chapter VI treats of the "Adjustment and payment of custom 
 house duties. 
 
 Chapter VII is entitled : "Other marine operations in maritime 
 Custom Houses." Its first section refers tcthe "Arrival, discharge 
 and dispatch of vessels due to their arrival through damage and 
 other accidents, and the reloading of the merchandise;" and sec- 
 tion II to the " Transhipment of merchandise." 
 
 Section III of said Chapter VII treats " Of the coasting trade " 
 and commences as follows: 
 
 ART. 291. By coasting trade is understood, for the purposes of 
 the law, the transportation of national or nationalized goods from 
 one port of the United States of Mexico to another, and that of 
 national goods between any point on the coast and a national port, 
 whether it be of entry or for the coast trade. 
 
 ART. 292. The transportation of the baggage of passengers travel- 
 ing from one national port to another cannot be considered as coast- 
 ing trade. 
 
 ART. 293. Only national vessels can engage in the coasting trade, 
 except in the following cases, when it may be permitted to foreign 
 vessels that ask such privilege: 
 
 I. When at the port there is no national vessel with open register, 
 and carrying goods to the place to which the foreign vessels ask to 
 be permitted to go. 
 
 II. When, although there is a national vessel with open register 
 for the same destination, its sailing cannot take place until eight 
 days after the date fixed by the foreign vessels that ask the permit. 
 
 III. When merely reference is made to the. transportation of 
 coin, fruits, and fresh vegetables. 
 
 IV. When, owing to some public calamity, the carrying of provis- 
 ions or other class of assistance may be of urgent necessity. 
 
 ART. 294. If there is a national line dedicated to the coasting 
 trade, that may make, with due regularity, at least two round trips 
 every month, with fixed time-table and stated day of sailing, no 
 permit shall be granted to any foreign vessel to carry on such coast-
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 49 
 
 ing trade between the points of the itinerary of the former, unless 
 upon the express condition that it will open its register at least three 
 days before the departure of the national vessel, and that it will sail 
 at furthest six days after the arrival of such vessel upon its re- 
 turn trip. 
 
 ART. 295. The permit to a foreign vessel for carrying on coasting 
 trade in the cases stated in subdivisions I and II of article 293, can 
 only be granted by the Treasury Department, based on the report 
 relative thereto sent by the corresponding custom house. 
 
 ART. 296. In the cases referred to in subdivisions III and IV of 
 article 293, the custom house collector shall grant the corresponding 
 permit, giving immediate notice thereof to the Treasury Department. 
 
 The remaining articles of said Chapter VIII refer to the manner 
 in which mei'chandise may be carried in and unloaded from vessels 
 engaged in the coasting trade. 
 
 Chapter IX treats " Of exportation in general" 
 
 Its first two sections are as follows: 
 
 ART. 321. All national products, articles and manufactures are 
 free from duty on their exportation, with exception of those that 
 may be specially assessed by the laws. 
 
 ART. 322. The exportation of national antiquities is prohibited. 
 
 The remaining articles of said Chapter IX give the rules and 
 regulations for all exportation, from the ports of the republic. 
 
 Chapter X treats of the ''Transit of national or nationalized 
 merchandise across foreign territory" and Chapter XI of the "Return 
 of national merchandise coming from abroad." In Chapter XII, 
 entitled " Introduction into the interior of foreign merchandise 
 coming from ports of entry," and in Chapter XIII, which treats of 
 the "Introduction of foreign merchandise for its examination 
 in places in the interior of the republic," the rules and regula- 
 tions relating to those subjects are laid down. 
 
 Chapter XIV, entitled " International transit of foreign mer- 
 chandise through the territory of the republic," begins as follows: 
 ART. 368. The international transit of foreign goods through the 
 territory of the republic is permitted, in conformity with the regu- 
 lations laid down in this chapter. 
 
 ART. 369. All merchandise destined for transit through the terri- 
 tory of the republic must necessarily make its entrance and de-
 
 50 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 parture thi-ough the points previously designated by the general 
 government. 
 
 ART. 370. Goods for transit shall be accompanied by the corre- 
 sponding consular invoices in the form and terms prescribed for the 
 trade of importation, in the articles of this law relative thereto: 
 and the officers at the port or frontier custom house through which 
 they shall enter, shall observe the same formalities with reference 
 thereto that this law prescribes for the articles intended for con- 
 sumption in the republic. 
 
 The remaining articles of said Chapter XIV fully explain the 
 proceedings for effecting the transit of foreign merchandise through 
 the territory of the republic. 
 
 Chapter XV treats " Of warehouses for the deposit of foreign 
 goods;" the manner of establishing and the rules to govern said 
 warehouses and the goods deposited therein. 
 
 Chapter XVI relates to "Frontier custom houses." Its first sec- 
 tion, entitled "Traffic in General" may be translated as follows: 
 
 ART. 443. Traffic through the frontiers of the republic cannot 
 take place, excepting through the points where, frontier custom houses 
 may be established, and through the paths and fords designated by 
 the collectors of the corresponding custom houses. 
 
 ART. 444. Railroad trains carry ing freight cars or empty flat cars, 
 cannot cross the Mexican frontier, excepting from five o'clock in the 
 morning till five o'clock in the afternoon, from the 15th of April t 
 to the 15th of September, and from seven o'clock in the morning till 
 four in the afternoon from the Itith of September to the 14th of 
 April. 
 
 ART. 445. Trains carrying passengers only may be permitted to 
 cross till ten o'clock at night; but the custom house must keep the 
 baggage cars in deposit to be examined on the following day, at the 
 hour for their dispatch, and will only permit the passengers to carry 
 with them the small packages of baggage that they bring in their 
 hands. 
 
 ART. 446. A train may also be permitted to ci-oss at some other 
 time of the day or night in case of urgent necessity for the public 
 servic-;, but only by virtue of a special order from the executive of 
 the Union, communicated by the Treasury Department. 
 
 ART. 447. At the places on the frontier where there may be .
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 51 
 
 tramways for Intel-national transit, such tramways shall be subject 
 to the prescriptions of article 445. After ten o'clock at night the 
 transit can only be permitted by the collector of the corresponding 
 custom house, but he must give notice to the Treasury Department 
 that he has granted such permit. 
 
 . ART. 448. Public hacks and private carriages shall be subject to 
 what is provided in article 445, and it is only the custom house 
 collectors who may permit political authorities and their agents, and 
 the physicians of both towns, to cross at any time of the night, pro- 
 viding, however, that no one shall be exempt from the fiscal regu- 
 lations established by this law. 
 
 ART. 449. Traffic through the paths and fords designated by the 
 corresponding custom houses, where boats, canoes, horses, and mules, 
 and common wagons, etc., are employed, shall only be permitted 
 from the break of day till nightfall, at any season of the year. 
 
 The infringement of this prescription shall be punished in con- 
 formity with the articles of this Ordinance relative to clandestine 
 traffic. 
 
 ART. 450. Tramway companies, carriages, and other means of 
 international transportation of passengers, are obliged to announce 
 by means of notices placed within their conveyances that it is not 
 permitted to carry therein any merchandise, unless accompanied by 
 the corresponding custom house document!-; Ilie conductor srd 
 their conveyances being subject, in case of an infraction, to the 
 penalties established for smuggling. 
 
 ART. 451. The owners of cars for transportation of merchandise 
 that pass them from foreign to Mexican territoi-y within a stated 
 time, shall solicit from the custom house collector the proper permit 
 therefor, and execute a bond to the satisfaction of said officer, 
 for the importation duties that may be applicable thereto, so that 
 in case they shall not have returned them to the starting-place 
 within the time granted, the bond shall be enforced. The time 
 granted by the custom house collectors shall merely be that strictly 
 necessary to facilitate the operations of international trade in which 
 they may be engaged, and shall, in no instance, exceed a period of 
 eight days. 
 
 ART. 452. Persons who may come from abroad for the purpose of 
 making surveys, mining explorations, etc., and bring with them
 
 52 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 wagons, carriages, tools, or instruments for their investigations, and 
 ask a permit to go into the interior of the country, may obtain it 
 from the Treasury Department, if the latter deems proper to grant 
 it; provided they shall execute a bond to the satisfaction of the 
 corresponding custom house collector, conditioned that if, at the ter- 
 mination of the period stated by the Treasury Department, the re- 
 exportation has not been made, the duties that may have been 
 assessed on the arrival of the articles shall be collected. 
 
 ART. 453. Wagons and carriages, and their teams or spans of 
 animals that may be taken into the interior of the republic in con- 
 formity with the privilege granted in the foregoing article, shall be 
 described as accurately as possible in the bond that may be executed, 
 so that they can be identified when they are re-exported. 
 
 ART. 454. It is unequivocally forbidden to the owners of wagons 
 and carriages taken into the interior of the republic, under the terms 
 stated in articles 451 and 452, to use them for hire to carry mer- 
 chandise or passengers within the republic in mines, farms, roads, or 
 towns. Should this prohibition be violated, the bond shall be en- 
 forced. 
 
 ART. 455. The collectors of the corresponding custom houses may 
 grant to the inhabitants of the Mexican frontiers a temporary per- 
 mit in writing, to pass to foreign territory their wagons or carriages, 
 it being necessary to accurately describe in the permit the convey- 
 ances and their teams or spans of animals. If, after the expiration 
 of the period granted, the parties concerned have not returned 
 them to their starting-place, the permit for their return shall be- 
 come void, and thereafter they cannot be returned, except upon the 
 payment of the corresponding duties as foreign articles. 
 
 ART. 456. Should there arise a material impossibility to comply 
 with the prescriptions of articles 451, 452, and 453, owing to supe- 
 rior force duly proven, the Treasury Department shall determine 
 what it may deem just in the premises. 
 
 Section II of said Chapter XVI treats of "Transportation of 
 foreign merchandise through frontier custom houses," and may be 
 translated as follows: 
 
 AKT. 457. All merchandise imported through any one of the in- 
 ternational railways must be accompanied by the corresponding 
 manifests and consular invoices, as is stated in articles 23 and 44 of
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 53 
 
 this Ordinance, and must contain all the requisites stated in models 
 45 and 46. 
 
 These manifests do not require a consular certificate. 
 
 ART. 458. Shippers of articles who employ some other means of 
 transportation, must accompany the articles sent with the proper 
 consular invoice, excepting in case of small importations, to which 
 reference is made in article 468 of this Ordinance. 
 
 ART. 459. The conductor of a freight train, upon arriving to 
 national territory, shall deliver to the chief, inspector or to the of- 
 ficer who may perform his duties, a general manifest, in accordance 
 with model No. 45, of all the packages that he brings, stating the 
 number and mark of the freight and flat car loaded and those empty, 
 if the train brings any, and a list of the packages with inflammable 
 materials, in conformity with model No. 5. 
 
 The chief inspector shall immediately deliver the documents to 
 the custom house collector, together with a note stating the hour of 
 the arrival of the train and any other circumstance which he may 
 deem of interest. 
 
 ART. 460. Should the manifest be not delivered upon the arrival 
 of the train, such failure shall be punished by a tine not to exceed 
 $500, in the discretion of the custom house collector and with the 
 approval of the Treasury Department. The failure of presentation 
 of a list of inflammable articles shall be punished with a fine not to 
 exceed $50. \ 
 
 ART. 461. The consignee of the train named in the manifest, has 
 the duty to present to the custom house within twenty- four hours 
 after the arrival of the articles, a simple copy of said manifest, 
 which will be preserved by the custom house in its archives, while 
 the original is used to prove the account relative thereto. 
 
 ART. 462. As soon as the custom house collector deems it con- 
 venient, he may order that the packages be unloaded, for which 
 purpose a division of inspectors shall make a list of the marks and 
 numbers of each one of the packages, so that after the train is un- 
 loaded, the list so made may be compared with the general manifest. 
 
 ART. 463. Whenever there are differences owing to a lack or ex- 
 cess of packages when unloading the train, th prescriptions of 
 articles 125, 126, and 127 of this Ordinance shall be carried out, 
 with the modification of time, as laid down in article 465.
 
 54 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 ART. 464. Packages containing explosive, inflammable, or corro- 
 sive matters shall have a label that may state the same in large 
 letters, the provisions of article 85 of this Ordinance being appli- 
 cable to this class of articles. 
 
 ART. 465. Conductors or consignees of the train have the power 
 to add or amend their manifest within twenty-four hours immedi- 
 ately after the arrival of the goods. 
 
 These additions or amendments shall be passed upon by the collec- 
 tors of the custom houses, in accordance with the prescriptions of 
 article 124 of this Ordinance, and they must be presented in dupli- 
 cate and in writing, one of the copies to have revenvie stamps of 
 the value of twenty-five cents. 
 
 ART. 466. Consignees of merchandise shall have the power of 
 making additions and amendments to their consular invoices within 
 the time stated in the foregoing article. These amendments must 
 be presented in quadruplicate, one of such copies to have revenue 
 stamps of the value of twenty-five cents, and must contain the other 
 requisites mentioned in article 137 of this Ordinance. 
 
 These additions and amendments shall be passed upon by the 
 custom house collectors, in accordance with the prescriptions of 
 articles 130 and 133 of this law, complying in all particulars with 
 Chapter IV thereof. 
 
 ART. 467. In order to dispatch the merchandise, consignees must 
 present their respective petitions in the terms stated in articles 147 
 to 150 of this Ordinance, and the custom house when it receives 
 them shall act as is shown in section I of Chapter V of the same 
 Ordinance; the dispatching of the merchandise being made in strict 
 accordance with the prescriptions of said chapter. 
 
 ART. 468. Small importations of foreign merchandise coming 
 from towns situated opposite to the Mexican custom house, and 
 destined for consumption in frontier towns, when the duties due 
 on the merchandise sent at one time do not exceed the sum of $100, 
 shall be made by virtue of "importation permits" to be issued by 
 the corresponding custom house. 
 
 ART. 469. In order to carry out the provisions of the foregoing 
 article, the following rules should be observed : 
 
 I. Importers shall present a petition in quadruplicate to the 
 custom house collector, in accordance with model No. 47. In these
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 55 
 
 petitions the merchandise shall be described, by complying with all 
 the requisites that article 44 of the Ordinance exacts with reference 
 to consular invoices, each leaf thereof of legal size to have revenue 
 stamps of the value of twenty-five cents. 
 
 II. The custom house collector shall place on the stamped peti- 
 tion a note in the following words: "Let it pass to the controller for 
 revision and comparison" and the latter shall subscribe his approve)] 
 if everything is in order, but should something be wanting, the per- 
 mit shall not be granted, and the party concerned shall be instructed 
 to make his petitions anew, either because they differ among them- 
 selves or because they lack the information necessary for the adjust, 
 ment of the duties, all of which shall be explained to the party 
 concerned. 
 
 III. If the petitions are correct, the controller shall place on the 
 original, which is the stamped one, the number which in its order 
 may correspond thereto, by taking it from a stub book, which for 
 that purpose the custom houses will receive, properly stamped by 
 the Treasury Department, by registering on that portion of the stub 
 which should remain on the book all the data therein stated, and 
 shall send such petitions to the custom house collector, in order that 
 said official may write his signature under the words, " The importa- 
 tion is allowed." 
 
 IV. When the permits are issued, the parties concerned must 
 present them to the Mexican consul or consular agent resident in 
 the foreign town opposite to the Mexican custom house, in order 
 that they may be certified in the following manner: " This permit 
 
 was presented in written folios, and contains packages" 
 
 with the date, signature of the consul or consular agent and seal of 
 the consulate. 
 
 V. When the certificate is issued, the consuls shall return to 
 the parties concerned, one of the copies of the permit, which shall 
 serve as consular invoice for the purposes of the importation. 
 
 VI. All merchandise accompanied by the corresponding permit 
 for importation, shall be presented to the watchman at the custom 
 house gate where the entry is to be effected, so that he may com- 
 pare the marks, numbers, and packages with the corresponding per- 
 mit, and if he finds them to be correct, he shall register in a book 
 to be kept for that purpose, legalized by the custom house officials,
 
 56 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 the nun her of the document, the name of the importer, the quantity 
 of packages, the generic class of the merchandise and the total value 
 thereof. Having done this, he shall write on the permit the follow- 
 ing words: " Compared and registered on folios of the corre- 
 sponding book," with the date,seal,and signature of the custom officer. 
 
 VII. If upon comparing there is a difference as to the class and 
 number of packages from those stated in the permit, or should the 
 watchman notice any other irregularity, he shall immediately give 
 notice thereof in writing to the custom house collector, and this of- 
 ficial shall, like in every other case, send the articles to the custom 
 house under the custody of a customs inspector. 
 
 VIII. When the merchandise shall arrive at the custom house, 
 the collector shall appoint an appraiser, who may make the examina- 
 tion and dispatch the articles, which operations shall be carried 
 out by this officer in strict accordance with the prescriptions of Chap- 
 ter V of this law. 
 
 ART. 470. Importers of articles with "importation permits" 
 shall have the power to amend and add to such permits, provided 
 they do it within twenty-four hours after they may have been issued, 
 and precisely befoi'e the articles are dispatched by the custom house 
 
 These amendments and additions must comply with the require- 
 ments of article 137 of this Ordinance, and they shall be passed upon 
 in conformity with article 130 thereof. 
 
 ART. 471. The "importation permits" shall become void three days 
 after their date, if during that time the merchandise regarding 
 which the permits were granted, shall not have been introduced into 
 the country; but in that case the parties concerned are obliged to 
 return them to the custom house, stating at the bottom thereof, and 
 under their signature, that they desist from making the importation. 
 
 ART. 472. Any importers who do not comply with the prescrip- 
 tions of the foregoing article shall not thereafter be granted any 
 "importation permits" until they return those that the custom 
 house issued and became void. 
 
 Should it be impossible to return such documents, because they 
 may have been mislaid or owing to superior force, the parties con- 
 cerned must so state it, under writing, to the custom house so as not 
 to incur in the penalty prescribed in this article. 
 
 ART. 473. At the end of every month, when the consuls shall,
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 57 
 
 in compliance with what is prescribed in article 73 of this Ordinance, 
 transmit to the proper frontier custom house the statement and 
 original of the permits which, they may have certified, tlie latter office 
 shall make the corresponding revision, declaring void those which, ac- 
 cording to the prescriptions of article 471, may have become null. 
 
 ART. 474. All the failures incurred in by the importers in the 
 preparation of their documents, as well as the cases of fraud and 
 smuggling, shall be punished in conformity with the prescriptions of 
 this Ordinance. 
 
 Section III of Chapter XVI treats of the "Introduction of for- 
 eign merchandise coming from frontier custom houses." 
 
 Section IV of said Chapter XVI is as follows: 
 
 Of passengers and their baggage at the frontier custom houses on 
 entering the country. 
 
 ART. 479. Upon the arrival of a passenger train at the Mexican 
 frontier, the head of the division of inspectors established at the rail- 
 way station shall direct one or more inspectors to board the cars and 
 examine the packages which the passengers may carry by hand, 
 placing in those already examined and that do not contain any 
 articles subject to the payment of duties, a ticket or tag with the 
 following inscription, "Dispatched by the inspectors of the custom. 
 
 house at " When some of such packages 
 
 contain articles subject to the payment of duties, they shall be taken 
 under the care of the officer who makes the examination, to the 
 place dedicated to tlie dispatch of baggage, where the passenger 
 shall immediately prepare a statement in writing, in the form shown 
 in model No. 24, with the information which he can obtain, for the 
 adjustment of the duties. Printed blanks of these statements shall 
 be kept at the custom houses, so as to give them to the passengers 
 whenever it may be required. 
 
 ART. 480. Until the examination of the packages which the 
 passengers may carry by hand is concluded, no package can be taken 
 out of the train. 
 
 ART. 481. All the baggage carried in the baggage car of the train 
 shall be unloaded at the place designated for such purpose, at the 
 expense of the railroad. 
 
 ART. 482. The unloading of the baggage shall be done in presence 
 of one of the inspectors appointed by the custom house collector,
 
 58 CUSTOM HOUSK ORWNANOK. 
 
 and this officer is obliged, when that operation is finished, to visit 
 the car where the baggage was placed, so as to determine whether 
 any of the packages remain, without having been taken to the place 
 where the examination is to take place. 
 
 ART 483. Passengers are under the obligation of opening their 
 packages and delivering the keys to open them, so that the appraiser 
 appointed by the custom house collector may, together with the 
 chief of the inspectors, examine those that may correspond to each 
 one of them. 
 
 ART. 484. Before the examination of the packages unloaded from 
 the baggage car is commenced, the passengers must state whether 
 they bring any articles that are subject to the payment of duties. 
 Should they state that there are any, they must make their declaration 
 in writing in conformity with the prescriptions of article 479, relat- 
 ing to the small bundles carried by hand. 
 
 When it has been stated that some articles are subject to the pay- 
 ment of duties, proceedings may be had thereon as prescribed in 
 article 221. 
 
 ART. 485. Should the owner of the articles refuse to pay the 
 duties due thereon, they shall be sent to the custom house, where 
 they may be kept deposited during thirty days. After that time 
 has elapsed, without their being claimed, they shall be sold at public 
 auction, and the balance of the proceeds of the sale, after deducting 
 the importation duties, warehouse and other expenses, shall be kept 
 in deposit to be returned to the owner of the merchandise, as is 
 stated in Chapter XX of this Ordinance. 
 
 ART. 486. As the various pieces of baggage are dispatched, the 
 inspector designated by the custom house shall fix upon each pack- 
 age a ticket or tag with this inscription, "Examined at the custom 
 
 house of ," whilst the watchman at the 
 
 door shall permit that the packages dispatched be taken out and 
 shipped. 
 
 ART. 487. If when the baggage is dispatched some package re- 
 mains, on which no request for examination has been made, the 
 appraiser or inspector shall order that it be taken to the custom 
 house under the care of one of the inspectors, who may be on duty 
 at the railway station. 
 
 ART. 488. The custom house collector, upon receiving the package
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 59 
 
 or packages sent by the appraiser, shall order that before they are 
 , deposited in the custom house, they may be tied up crosswise with 
 wire with lead seals affixed on their extreme ends. 
 
 ART. 489. If a piece of baggage remains in the warehouses of the 
 custom house during six months without being claimed, the pack- 
 ages shall be opened and the articles contained therein shall be 
 examined; the custom house collector will then order that the ar- 
 ticles be sold at public auction and proceedings had thereon in 
 conformity with the prescriptions of Chapter XX of this Ordinance. 
 
 ART. 490. Both in cases mentioned in the foregoing article, as in 
 those stated in articles 45, 118, 119, and 235, the custom house 
 collector shall order that public notice be given to the owners of the 
 articles detained, by publishing advertisements thereof in the news- 
 papers of the place, stating the time when they shall be sold at public 
 auction. 
 
 ART. 491. When the owner of a piece of baggage refuses to open 
 it for its examination, the package shall be forwarded to the ware- 
 houses, to be deposited therein, and proceedings had thereon in con- 
 formity with the prescriptions of article 485 of this chapter, the 
 penalty of double duties to be applied if it is found to contain arti- 
 cles for trade. 
 
 ART. 492. The inhabitants of the towns situated along the fron- 
 tiers shall not be considered as passengers, owing to their simple 
 transit between 1 the frontier towns of the republic, and those of 
 foreign countries, and in such cases they shall not be entitled to en- 
 joy the prerogatives granted under article 224 of this Ordinance, re- 
 garding baggages; free passage being granted only to the articles 
 that in the discretion of the corresponding custom house collectors 
 may be indispensable for such transit. 
 
 ART. 493. The inhabitants and passers by along the foreign front- 
 iers shall be permitted to cross to Mexican territory with a horse or 
 carriage, without requiring the payment of duties therefor, provided 
 that the person bringing it comes with the special object of return- 
 ing on the same horse or carriage on the same or following day. 
 
 ART. 494. The inhabitants of the Mexican frontier shall be per- 
 mitted to cross into foreign territory with a horse or carriage, with- 
 out exacting therefor the formalities in cases of exportation, nor re- 
 garding importation on their return, if made within a period not to 
 
 518?
 
 60 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 exceed eight days. The permit shall contain an exact description 
 of the carriage, horses and harness, for their identification upon 
 their return. 
 
 If under cover of this privilege a substitution of horses, carriages, 
 or harness should be made in foreign territory, in order to introduce 
 them fraudulently upon the return to the republic, the penalties pre- 
 scribed by this Ordinance for cases of fraud shall be applied to the 
 infringer. 
 
 ART. 495. Besides the special" proceedings prescribed in this 
 chapter, in other matters compliance shall be had of the prescrip- 
 tions contained in section V of Chapter V of this Ordinance. 
 
 Chapter XVII of the law treats of "Revenue stamps;" Chapter 
 XVIII relates to the " Violations of the law and penalties ;" Chap- 
 ter XIX regulates "Law proceedings" under the Ordinance; Chapter 
 XX prescribes rules for the " Sale of merchandise at public auction, 
 and Chapter XXI prescribes the rules for the "Disposal of the 
 penalties imposed for infractions of this law." 
 
 Chapter XXII of the law treats of the "Free Zone." The first 
 articles of the first section of said chapter entitled "Special Conces- 
 sions" are as 'follows: 
 
 ART. 675. By Free Zone is understood a strip of national terri~ 
 tory which extends along the northern frontier of the republic, in 
 the States of Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Chihuahua, Sonora, and Terri- 
 tory of Lower California, from Matamoros to Tiajuana, stretching 
 twenty kilometers in width towards the interior, starting from the 
 frontier line. 
 
 ART. 676. As special concession to the Free Zone all arti- 
 cles imported by its inhabitants for consumption within said zone 
 shall pay for importation duties ten per cent of the amount stated 
 in the tariff of this Ordinance, excepting in case of cattle subject to 
 the payment of duties, regarding which the entire amount of duties 
 shall be levied. 
 
 Merchandise which according to the law has to pay the interior 
 income tax, shall be subject to the payment of this entire tax, calcu- 
 lated upon the importation duties in conformity with the tarift' and 
 additions made thereto, in the terms stated in article 505 of this 
 Ordinance, because the concession granted by this article only refers 
 to importation duties.
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 61 
 
 ART. 677. The importation of foreign articles for consumption in 
 the Free Zone shall be made in conformity with the prescriptions 
 of this Ordinance regarding frontier custom houses, and such foreign 
 merchandise cannot be introduced into said Zone, excepting through 
 the custom houses for the general entry of merchandise. 
 
 In the dispatch of said articles the following rules must be ob- 
 served : 
 
 I. The consignees must present their petitions in conformity with 
 the prescriptions of Chapter V of this Ordinance. Only in cases of 
 small importations accompanied by an "importation permit," to 
 which reference is had in article 468 of this Ordinance, shall the 
 consignees be exempted from the obligation of preparing petitions 
 for the dispatch of merchandise, the presentation of the correspond- 
 ing "permit" being sufficient for that purpose. 
 
 II. After the necessary requisites for the documents are complied 
 with, and the appraiser is designated for the examination and dis- 
 patch of the articles, the latter operation shall be made in conform- 
 ity with the prescriptions of Chapter V of this Ordinance. 
 
 The rest of said section I of Chapter XXII regulates the manner 
 of ascertaining the duties to be paid and how they are to be distrib- 
 uted. 
 
 Section II of said chapter treats of the "Transportation of for- 
 eign goods within the Free Zone;" section III refers to the "Con- 
 sumption of merchandise in those places in which neither frontier 
 , custom house nor customs sections are established;" and section IV 
 treats of the " Introduction into the interior of the republic of 
 merchandise coming from the Free Zone." 
 
 Chapter XXIII is the last of the Ordinance, is entitled " General 
 Provisions," and may be translated as follows: 
 
 ART. 697. Collectors and employes of the custom houses and 
 customs inspections shall treat all persons who have business with 
 their offices with due consideration, and shall not occasion them 
 any more delay than such as is indispensable for the fulfillment of 
 the provisions of this Ordinance. 
 
 ART. 698. The head watchmen of the warehouses are responsible 
 for the articles that mav be mislaid before they are dispatched by 
 the owners or consignees, if the articles have been placed in deposit 
 in the warehouses; and the inspectors, for those that may have re-
 
 62 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 mained in their care outside of the warehouses. In every case the 
 claim shall be presented to the head of the proper department. 
 
 ART. 699. Manifests, consular invoices, and the other custom 
 house documents, may be prepared by means of reproducing appa- 
 ratus and systems, even if violet inks of methyl and other anil nes 
 be used therein, provided the reproduction is sufficiently distinct 
 and the writing plainly legible. 
 
 ART. 700. When any packages are to be tied with wire and sealed 
 up, an employe of the customs inspection shall watch the operation 
 of placing the wires, both in order that they may see that each 
 package is well secured, and to prevent that, through a defect in the 
 tying, they might easily become unfastened, owing to the operations 
 required for their transportation. 
 
 ART. 701. All the expenses of moving and fastening the packages 
 shall be on account of the parties concerned, who shall furthermore 
 pay to the custom house the value of the lead seals at the rate of 
 five cents apiece. 
 
 ART. 702. For the purposes of this law all merchandise must be 
 considered foreign, if they appear as such by means of coverings, 
 marks, or signs, even though they may be products or manufactures 
 of national origin. 
 
 ART. 703. The receipts of foreign merchandise through postal 
 pai-cels shall be regulated by the prescriptions of the corresponding 
 Postal Conventions, and of the regulations issued by the Interior 
 and Treasury Departments. 
 
 ART. 704. The Treasury Department is authorized to diminish in 
 exceptional cases, and when justice may demand it, the penalties that 
 this Ordinance imposes, and even to release from them those who 
 may have committed some violation thereof. 
 
 ART. 705. All laws and regulations that may contravene the ful- 
 fillment of this Ordinance are repealed.
 
 CUSTOM HOUSE ORDINANCE. 
 
 63 
 
 TABLE OF MONEY VALUES 
 
 (Applicable to Art. 78 of the Ordinance of Maritime and Fron- 
 tier Custom Houses), showing; the Equivalents of Different 
 Foreign Coins, as Compared with the Mexican Peso (Dol- 
 lar), which is the monetary unit of the Republic. 
 
 COUNTRIES. 
 
 COIN. 
 
 METALS. 
 
 Equivalents 
 in Mexican 
 dollars 
 and cents. 
 
 Argentine Republic .... 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 $1 00 
 
 Austria. 
 
 Florin 
 
 Silver 
 
 50 
 
 Belgium . . . 
 
 Franc . . .' 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 20 
 
 Bolivia 
 
 Bolivian 
 
 Silver 
 
 90 
 
 Brazil 
 
 Milreis 
 
 Gold. 
 
 55 
 
 British America. 
 
 Dollar.. 
 
 Gold. .. . 
 
 1 00 
 
 Central America,. 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Silver 
 
 90 
 
 Chile 
 
 Dollar . 
 
 olold and silver. . 
 
 95 
 
 China . . . 
 
 Tael . 
 
 Silver. 
 
 1 25 
 
 Colombia 
 
 Dollar.. 
 
 Silver 
 
 90 
 
 Cuba 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 1 00 
 
 Denmark . 
 
 Crown 
 
 Gold 
 
 / 27 
 
 Ecuador 
 
 Dollar . . 
 
 Silver 
 
 90 
 
 Egypt . . 
 
 Piaster 
 
 Gold 
 
 05 
 
 JiVance 
 
 Franc 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 20 
 
 Germany 
 
 Mark 
 
 Gold 
 
 25 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 Pound sterlin 1 * 
 
 Gold 
 
 5 00 
 
 Greece . . 
 
 Dracon 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 20 
 
 Haiti 
 
 Gourde 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 1 00 
 
 India .... 
 
 Rupee 
 
 Silver 
 
 40 
 
 Italy . 
 
 Lire . 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 20 
 
 Japan 
 
 Yen 
 
 Silver 
 
 1 00 
 
 Netherlands 
 
 Florin 
 
 Gold and silver . . 
 
 40 
 
 Norway . 
 
 Crown . 
 
 Gold 
 
 27 
 
 Paraguay 
 
 Silver 
 
 Gold 
 
 1 00 
 
 'Peru 
 
 Sol 
 
 Silver : 
 
 90 
 
 Porto Rico 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Gold 
 
 1 00 
 
 Portugal 
 
 Milreis 
 
 Gold 
 
 1 08 
 
 Russia. . 
 
 Ruble 
 
 Silver 
 
 70 
 
 Sandwich Islands 
 
 Dollar.. 
 
 Gold 
 
 1 00 
 
 Spain 
 
 Peseta* 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 20 
 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 1 00 
 
 St. Thomas 
 
 Dollar. . 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 1 00 
 
 Sweden 
 
 Crown. . . . 
 
 Gold 
 
 27 
 
 Switzerland 
 
 Franc 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 20 
 
 Turkey. 
 
 Piaster . .... 
 
 Gold 
 
 05 
 
 United States of America .... 
 
 Dollar 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 1 00 
 
 Uruguay . . 
 
 Patacon 
 
 Gold. ... 
 
 1 00 
 
 Venezuela 
 
 Bolivar 
 
 Gold and silver. . 
 
 20
 
 64 TARIFF. 
 
 \ 
 
 TARIFF OF IMPORTATION DUTIES. 
 
 GENERAL RULES FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE TARIFF. 
 
 I. All merchandise annotated in the vocabulary annexed to this 
 Ordinance, shall pay the rate assigned in the subdivision to which 
 it corresponds in this tariff. 
 
 II. Merchandise not comprised in the nomenclature of the tariff 
 or vocabulary shall pay duties in conformity with section II of 
 Chapter V of this Ordinance. 
 
 III. Merchandise annotated in the tariff* or vocabulary annexed 
 to this Ordinance, with the words "of all classes," without having 
 after it the exception "of those not specified," shall pay the rate 
 corresponding to the subdivision to which they belong, even if they 
 contain other materials which are not gold, silver, or platinum. 
 
 IV. Manufactures composed of two or more materials, which are 
 not expressly specified in the tariff or vocabulary, shall pay the rate* 
 corresponding to the material that exists in a large amount in such 
 manufactures, excepting those that contain ornaments or accesso- 
 ries of gold, silver, or platinum. 
 
 V. When a manufactured article made up of several things quoted 
 in the tariff or vocabulary of this Ordinance, shall come unmounted* 
 and each thing is referred to separately in the invoice, even if all 
 are found in the same package, provided that the weight of each of 
 those things can be ascertained, the duties payable thereon shall be 
 adjusted in conformity with those which correspond to each one of 
 them. 
 
 VI. Scientific instruments, such as barometers, thermometers, or 
 others, which may come affixed to some manufactured article such 
 as statues, candelabra, inkstands, watches, etc., shall pay the duties 
 that are applicable to the article of which they form a part. 
 
 VII. Mirrors which form part of a piece of furniture are those 
 which constitute an essential portion thereof, and that could not be 
 separated from it without becoming incomplete; therefore mirrors 
 cannot be considered part of furniture such as those that are placed 
 on side tables, are in no way affixed to the piece of furniture, and 
 may be used entirely by themselves.
 
 TARIFF. 65 
 
 VIII. By net weight must be understood the intrinsic weight of 
 the merchandise, without the interior casings, packages or wrap- 
 pings. 
 
 IX. By legal weight must be understood the weight of the goods 
 including only the interior casings, wrappings, casks, boxes of card- 
 board, wood, or tin in which they may be packed inside of the ex- 
 terior box, which serves as the outside or general receptacle. 
 
 When goods taxed on the legal weight have no interior covering, 
 but come simply with an exterior package, the intrinsic weight of 
 the merchandise must be considered its legal weight. In ascertain- 
 ing the legal weight, no account shall be taken of the straw or shav- 
 ings with which the articles may have been packed within the ex- 
 terior or general case, nor of the legal weight of the latter. 
 
 X. By gross weight must be understood the weight of the mer- 
 chandise with all its wrappings and cases, interior and exterior, 
 without allowance for packing, filling, or hoops. 
 
 When a package contains several articles taxed on the gross 
 weight, the custom house will apportion the tare among them ac- 
 cording to their respective legal weight, complying, however, with 
 what is prescribed in article 50 of this Ordinance. 
 
 XI. Articles which are taxed on the gross weight shall pay 
 duties upon the total weight of the merchandise, when they come 
 without wrappings or packages or are contained in cases which are 
 assessable. 
 
 XII. When manufactured articles having fringes are dutiable on 
 the square meter, the measurement shall include such fringes. If 
 they are dutiable according to weight, the weight must include that 
 of the fringe. 
 
 XIII. -By ordinary casings or wrappings are understood the flasks, 
 earthen or glass bottles or receptacles, iron, zinc, copper, and lead 
 cases, boxes of wooden, pasteboard, tin, etc., which are appropriate 
 to the merchandise which they may contain, and do not by them- 
 selves constitute a merchandise giving greater value to the contents, 
 or which may be used separately without it. 
 
 When merchandise contained in ordinary casings or wrappings 
 pays duties on the net weight, number, or measurement, such casings 
 or wrappings shall not pay any importation duties. 
 
 If the merchandise contained is that taxed on the legal or on
 
 66 TARIFF. 
 
 the gross weight, then the said ordinary casings or wrappings shall 
 pay the duties correspomding to the merchandise contained therein. 
 
 XIV. Casings or wrappings which are not of the customary class 
 stated in the foregoing subdivision, and are plainly shown not to 
 correspond to the merchandise which they contain, but that by 
 themselves have a merchantable value, either because they constitute 
 a fashionable casing or wrapping, or because they have a different 
 application to that to which they are then placed, shall pay the 
 duties corresponding thereto, and must be stated in the invoice so 
 as to be taxed. 
 
 XV. When articles taxed in the tariff' come serving as exterior 
 casings or wrappings, such as boxes for coin, trunks, valises, furni- 
 ture, etc., they shall pay their corresponding duties, but in this case 
 no tare shall be taken into account. 
 
 XVI. Cloths .which come as wrappings to the merchandise in the 
 interior of the packages, shall be stated in the invoices and pay the 
 duties corresponding thereon in conformity with the tariff, no matter 
 what their amount and class may be, excepting impermeable, tarred, 
 or waxed cloths which are merely used for the purpose of protect- 
 ing the merchandise from the exterior dampness, and may come in 
 an amount indispensable for such purpose. 
 
 XVII. Cloths and articles of linen, hemp, or analogous vegetable 
 fibers, with a mixture of cotton in any proportion, not determined 
 in this Tariff or the Vocabulary annexed hereto, shall pay the duty 
 which corresponds to cloths or articles of pure linen. 
 
 XVIII. Cloths of wool with mixture of any material which is not 
 fine metal, as well as those which contain in the texture a mixture of 
 cotton, linen, flax, or other analogous vegetable fiber, in whatever 
 proportion, shall pay the duty corresponding to the c)oth,s of pure 
 wool. 
 
 XIX. Silk ribbons with mixture of cotton, linen, or wools are 
 considered merely those wherein the warp or woof is formed in their 
 entirety by threads of cotton, linen, or wool. 
 
 XX. Cloths and articles of silk with mixture of cotton, linen, or 
 wool shall be considered those in which the mixture is found in the 
 texture or in many portions thereof. Those which have said mix- 
 ture only on the edges shall pay the duties which correspond to 
 cloths or articles of silk.
 
 TARIFF. 67' 
 
 XXI. By dresses partly made are considered those which, placed 
 on cardboard or in any other manner, are wrapped up, basted, or 
 pinned in such way, shall form a pattern of the waist or skirt for 
 which they are intended, and their ornaments are so appropriate to 
 that object that it is plain that the arrangement constitutes by itself' 
 a portion of the merit of the whole. If these conditions ax-e want-' 
 ing, when the case refers to cloths wrapped up without the artistic 
 form of a model and with ornaments apart or placed in such a way 
 that they might be used separately, then duties shall be paid on the 
 cloth in accordance with its class and also those corresponding on 
 the ornaments. 
 
 XXII. Handkerchiefs of cotton or linen cloth, with plain texture, 
 although they have an ornamented or worked border, if it is not 
 embroidered or in Spanish I ace work, shall be considered as of plain 
 texture. 
 
 Handkerchiefs having only a small embroidery of cotton, linen, 
 wool, or silk in one corner alone, shall be taxed as belonging to the 
 class of texture, and not as embroidered. 
 
 Handkerchiefs with white background and having merely a strip 
 of fringe in colors, shall be considered as made of white cloth. 
 
 XXIII. Jewelry and every kind of manufactured articles which 
 may be contained in cases, shall be placed in the invoice having the 
 weight and class of such cases separately stated so that they may be 
 taxed respectively. 
 
 , By cases are to be considered the wooden or cardboard boxes 
 Jined with cloth or leather, as well as the wooden ones varnished 
 and polished, lined in their interior with cloth or leather, and suit- 
 able to contain one or several objects in their corresponding divis- 
 ions or receptacles. 
 
 XXIV. Mounting or setting must be understood as being the 
 part of metal which adheres to an article of glass or porcelain, and 
 serving as ornament or support and forming an essential part thereof. 
 
 The screws or caps which unite two or more pieces, the small caps 
 at the extremities, the covers or stoppers of bottles or flasks or gilt 
 or silver ornaments laid precisely on the glass cannot be considered 
 as mountings or settings. 
 
 XXV. Nickel-plated articles of metal shall pay the rate assigned 
 to those of the metal which constitutes the article.
 
 68 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 XXVI. When medicinal drugs and chemical products have on their 
 interior wrappings a label or ticket different from the contents 
 stated in the invoice, even though the merchandise agree with the 
 statement so made, they shall be rated with the highest duty, 
 whether it be of the article stated in the invoice or of the article 
 mentioned in the ticket or label. 
 
 XXVII. When coming with industrial machinery or apparatus 
 there are as accessories articles rated in the tariff, in amounts in ex- 
 cess of what is indispensable to make them begin operations, what- 
 ever is found in excess shall be rated in conformity with the duties 
 appropriate thereto. 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 NOTE.X kilogram=:2.2046 pounds. i square meter=i.i96 square yards. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures . 
 
 , Animal substances. 
 
 I. LIVE ANIMALS. 
 
 Animals, alive, not specified 
 
 Geldings per head . , 
 
 Stallions, mares, and colts more 
 than one year old. . . per head . . 
 
 Swine and sucking pigs 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Neat cattle and their calves 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Sheep and goats per head . 
 
 Mules per head. 
 
 Asses per head . 
 
 Sucklings of the above men- 
 tioned, with the exception of 
 calves and sucking pigs, pay 
 25 per cent of the duties on 
 the grown animals, in conform- 
 ity with this tariff. 
 
 Materias Animates 
 
 I. ANIMALES VIVOS. 
 
 Animates vivos, no especificados. 
 Caballos castrados...por cabeza. . 
 Caballos enteros, yeguas y po- 
 
 tros de mas de un afio 
 
 por cabeza . . 
 
 Cerdos y lechoncillos kilo. . 
 
 Ganado vacuno y sus crias 
 
 kilo .. 
 
 Ganado cabrio y ovejuno, 
 
 por cabeza . . 
 
 Ganado mular por cabeza . . 
 
 Ganado asnal por cabeza. . 
 
 Las crias de leche de los gana- 
 dos especilicados, con excep- 
 ci6n de los becerros y lechou- 
 cillos, causaran por derechos 
 de importaci6a el 25 por ciento 
 de los que correspondan con- 
 forme ;i esta tarifa. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Free. 
 40.00 
 
 30.00 
 .03 
 
 .03 
 
 1.50 
 5.00 
 3.00
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 69 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Animal substances continued. 
 
 II. ANIMAL PARTS. 
 
 Articles of food. 
 
 Meat, fresh, all kinds, including 
 fowl, net weight . . . .per kilo. . . 
 
 Fish, fresh, including that kept 
 in ice 
 
 Meats, smoked or salted, legal 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Fish and shellfish, dry, -salted, 
 smoked, or pickled, legaj 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Industrial. 
 
 Animals prepared for cabinets of 
 natural history, gross weight 
 
 ppr kilogram . . 
 
 Whalebone in the rough, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Wool waste, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Tortoise shell in the rough, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Bristles for shoemakers, leal 
 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Cochineal, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Hair, horse and c >w, aud bristles, 
 
 gross weight. . . .per kilogram. . 
 Horn, in tii e rough, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Spermaceti, crude, legal weight 
 
 per ki'ogram. . 
 
 Animal fats not specified, gross 
 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Bone, ia the rough, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Wool, in the fleece, net weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Wool, carded, net weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Ivory, in the rough, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Mother-" f pearl, in the rough, 
 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . , 
 
 Pesoado fiesco aun cuando est6 
 
 conservado en hielo 
 
 'arnes, ahumadas 6 saladas, 
 peo legal kilo . . 
 
 Pescados y mariscos secos, sa- 
 lados, ahumados 6 salpresos, 
 peso legal kilo. . 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Materias animales contintia. 
 
 II. DESPOJOS DE ANIMALES. 
 
 
 
 A timenticios. 
 
 )arne fresca de res de pelo 6 
 cerda y de aves, peso neto 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Industriales. 
 
 Animales preparados para gabi- 
 netes de historia natural, peso 
 bruto kilo. 
 
 Barbas de ballena en bruto, peso 
 legal kilo. , 
 
 Sorra de lana, peso bruto 
 
 kilo. 
 
 !arey en bruto, peso legal 
 
 kilo. 
 
 )erda para zapatero, peso legal 
 
 kilo. 
 
 /ochinilla, peso legal 
 
 . . kilo . 
 
 rin, cerda y pelo de vaca, peso 
 
 bruto kilo . . 
 
 Cuerno en bruto, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Esperma de ballena en marqueta, 
 peso legal kilo.. 
 
 Grasas animales no especificadas, 
 peso bruto kilo . 
 
 Hueso en bruto, peso legal 
 
 . .kilo. 
 
 Lana en vellon, peso neto 
 
 kilo. 
 
 Lana cardada, peso neto 
 
 .kilo. 
 
 Marfil en bruto, peso legal 
 
 kilo. 
 
 Nacar en bruto, peso legal 
 
 .kilo. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Dalian:. 
 
 .10 
 
 Free. 
 .20 
 
 .12 
 
 .01 
 .10 
 .02 
 .25 
 .10 
 .10 
 .03 
 .10 
 .25 
 .10 
 .10 
 .10 
 .15 
 .25 
 .26
 
 70 
 
 TAKIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Animal substances continued. 
 
 ii. ANIMAL PARTS continued. 
 
 Industrial continued. 
 
 Hair, human, net weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Hair, poat or camel, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Fur, beaver, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Fur or hair, vicuna, rabbit, hare, 
 mnskrat, and the like, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Pearls, uaset per carat . . 
 
 Skins, of all kinds, untanned. 
 
 gross weight.. . .per kilogram. . 
 Feathers, for ornaments, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Feathera and down, for pillows, 
 
 legal weight. . ..per kilogram.. . 
 Sepia, legal weight. . ..per kilo. . . 
 
 Medicinal. 
 
 Musk, legal weight. . ..per* kilo. . . 
 Cantharides, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Castoreum, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 III. ANIMAL PRODUCTS. 
 
 A lirnentary substances. 
 
 Sausages of all kinds, and hams, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Meats, nVh, and shellfish, pre- 
 served, legal weight, 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Eggs, fresh 
 
 Milk, fresh 
 
 Milk, condensed, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Lard, net weight, per kilogram. . 
 
 Butter, legal weight. . .per kilo. . . 
 
 Materias animates contintia. 
 
 II. DESPOJOS DE ANIMALES Cunt. 
 
 fndustriales contimia. 
 
 Pelo humano, peso neto 
 
 kilo.. 
 
 Pe!o de cabra y de camello, pe>o 
 
 neto kilo . . 
 
 Pelo de castor, peso legal 
 
 kilo.. 
 
 Pelo de vicuna, conejo, liebre, 
 
 rata almizclada, ragondin * y 
 
 sus semejantes, peso legal, 
 
 kilo.. 
 
 Perlas sin montaduras, quilate. . . 
 Pieles de todas clases, sin curtir, 
 
 peso bruto kilo . . 
 
 Plumas para adornos, peso legal 
 kilo 
 
 Pluma y plumon para almohadas, 
 
 peso legal ki Jo . 
 
 Sepia, pea j legal kilo . 
 
 Medicinales. 
 
 Almizcle, peso legal . . . 
 Cantdridas, peso legal 
 
 Cast6reo, peso legal . . . 
 
 ...kilo. 
 
 . kilo. 
 ...kilo. 
 
 III. PRODUCTOS ANIMALES. 
 
 Alimenticios. 
 
 Butifarras, chorizos, salchicho- 
 DCS y janiori en pernil, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Carnes, pescados y mariscos en 
 conserva, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Huevos frescos . . 
 
 Leche fresca 
 
 Leche coadensada, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 10.00 
 
 .10 
 
 3.00 
 
 2.00 
 .50 
 
 .01 
 3.00 
 
 .75 
 .08 
 
 6.00 
 
 1.00 
 2.00 
 
 Vtanteca de cerdo, peso neto 
 
 .kUo. 
 
 M antequilla, peso legal .... kilo . 
 
 .20 
 .15 
 
 Free. 
 
 Free. 
 .15 
 
 .20 
 20
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures . 
 
 Animal substances-continued. 
 
 III. ANIMAL PRODUCTS COntill'd. 
 
 A limentary substances continued. 
 
 Honey, gross weight.. .per kilo. . . 
 
 Cheese of all kinds, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Industrial. 
 
 Oil, fish, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Albumen, of eggs or blood, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Wax, white or yellow, net 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Glue, gross weight per kilo. . . 
 
 Coral in the rough, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Sponge, fine or medium, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Sponge, common, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Stearine, crude, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Glycerine 
 
 Grenetine, pure, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Guano 
 
 Fishglue, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Silk, raw or unspun, of all kinds, 
 
 net weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Charcoal, animal 
 
 Medicinal. 
 
 Oil, cod liver, pure or combined 
 in any preparation, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Bacteria cultures . . 
 
 Vaccine 
 
 IV. MANUFACTURED ARTICLES. 
 
 Leather and skins. 
 
 Saddles of all kinds, including 
 those with ornaments notgold, 
 silver, or platinum, legal 
 
 Materias animales contintia. 
 
 III. PRODUCTOS AMMALE-; COnt. 
 
 A limenticios continua. 
 
 Miel de abeja, peso bruto. .kilo. 
 Queso de todas clases, peso legal 
 ..kilo. 
 
 fndiistriales. 
 
 Aceite de pescado, peso legal 
 
 . .kilo. 
 
 Albiimina de huevo y de sangre, 
 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Cera blanca 6 amarilla, peso neto 
 . . kilo . . 
 
 Cola fuerte, peso bruto. . . .kilo. 
 Coral en bruto, peso legal 
 
 . . kilo. 
 
 Esponja fina y entrefina, peso 
 
 legal kilo . 
 
 Esponja ordiuaria, peso legal 
 
 . . kilo . , 
 
 Estearina en marqueta, peso 
 
 bruto kilo . 
 
 Glicerina , 
 
 Grenetiua, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Guano . 
 
 Ictiocola, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Seda cruda 6 en rama, de todas 
 
 clases, peso neto kilo. , 
 
 arbon animal . . 
 
 Medicinaleg. 
 
 Aceite de higado de bacalao, 
 puro 6 confeccionado bajo 
 cualquiera formula, peso legal 
 kilo. . 
 
 Culturas bacteriologicas 
 
 Pus vacuno. 
 
 IV. ARTKFACTOS Y MANUFACTURAS. 
 
 Pekteria. 
 
 Albardones y sillas de montar 
 de todas clases, aim cuando 
 tengan adornos que no scan 
 
 Dollars. 
 .05 
 .12 
 
 .10 
 
 .10 
 
 .50 
 .10 
 
 .25 
 
 2.00 
 
 .40 
 
 .10 
 
 Free. 
 .15 
 
 Free. 
 .15 
 
 1.00 
 Free. 
 
 .10 
 
 Free. 
 
 Free.
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Animal substances -continued. 
 
 IV. MANUFACTURED ARTICLES 
 
 continued. 
 
 Leather and skins continued, 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Articles of leather, not specified, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . 
 
 Belts, leather for machinery, not 
 imported with the machinery 
 to which they belong, gross 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Belts, rawhide, for machinery, 
 not imported with the machin- 
 ery to which they belong, gross 
 weight per kilogram. 
 
 Belts, leather or rawhide, for 
 machinery, when imported 
 with the machinery to which 
 they belong 
 
 Calfskins, patent leather, kid, 
 chamois, and other common 
 dresaed skins, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Gloves, leggings, and breastplates 
 for fencers each . 
 
 Gloves, skin, plain or embroid- 
 ered, unlined, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Gloves, skin, plain or embroid- 
 ered, lined, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Harness of all kinds, for wagons 
 or carriages, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Buckles and rinas, leather-cov- 
 ered, legal weight. . .per kilo. . 
 
 Skins of fine fur, dressed, for cov- 
 erings, and their manufactures 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Bands, leather, for hats, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 ARTICULO DE MKRCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 
 Mexican 
 
 money, 
 
 weights, 
 
 and 
 
 measures. 
 
 Materias animales continfia. 
 
 IV. ARTEFACTOS Y MANUFACTURAS 
 
 continua. 
 Peleterla continua. 
 
 de plata,- platino li oro, peso 
 legal kil > . 
 
 Artefactos de cuero no especifi- 
 cados, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Bandas de cuero para maqui- 
 naria, cuando no vengan en 
 union de la maquinaria cor- 
 respondiente, peso bruto 
 kilo.. 
 
 Bandas de pelo de vaca para 
 maquinaria, cuando no ven- 
 gan en uni6n de la maqui- 
 naria correspondiente, peso 
 bruto kilo . . 
 
 Bandas de cuero 6 de ptlo de 
 vaca, para maquinaria, cu indo 
 vengan en uui6n de las maqui- 
 nas a que correspondan 
 
 Becerrillos, charoles, cabiitillas, 
 
 gamuz:is y demas pieli-s co- 
 
 munes preparadas, peso legal. 
 
 . .kilo. 
 
 Guantes, petos y piernas para 
 esgrima pieza . 
 
 Guantes de piel, lisos 6 bordados, 
 sin forrar, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Guantes de piel, lisos 6 borda- 
 dos, cuando este^i forrados, 
 peso legal kilo . , 
 
 Guarniciones de todas clases 
 para tiros de carros 6 carrua- 
 jes, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Hebillas y argollas forradas de 
 cuero, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Picles preparadas de pelo fino 
 para abrigo, y sus manufactu- 
 res, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Tiras de cuero para sombreros, 
 peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 2.00 
 
 -75 
 
 .50 
 
 .10 
 
 Free. 
 
 1.50 
 
 .50 
 
 4.50 
 
 2.75 
 
 1.50 
 .30 
 
 2.00 
 
 .75
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 73 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 duties in 
 
 Mexican 
 
 money, 
 
 weights, 
 
 and 
 
 measures. 
 
 Animal substances continued. 
 
 IV. MANUFACTURED ARTICLES 
 
 continued. 
 Boots and shoes. 
 
 Slippers of all kinds, of leather 
 or othermaterial not containing 
 silk or metal, up to 12 centi- 
 meters lengthofsole... per pair. . 
 
 Slippers of all kinds, of leather or 
 other material not containing 
 silk or metal, up to 20 centime- 
 ters length of sole. ...per pair. . 
 
 The same, nv>re than 20 centi- 
 meters length of S' le . .per pair . . 
 
 Slippers of all kinds, of leather 
 or other mateiial, including 
 those with ornaments or em- 
 broidery of silk or metal other 
 than gold, silver, or platinum, 
 up to 12 centimeters length of 
 s le per pair . . 
 
 The same, up to 20 centimeters 
 length of sole per pair. . 
 
 The same, more than 20 centi- 
 meters length of sole. per pair. . 
 
 Boots and half bots, cowhide, 
 for men and hoys. . . .per pair. . 
 
 Boots and half boot*, calf or pat- 
 ent leather, for men and boys 
 per pair . . 
 
 Gaiters, leather, or cloth net con- 
 taining silk, including those 
 with elastics and ornaments not 
 of gold, silver or platinum, up 
 to 12 centimeters length of 
 sole per pur 
 
 The same, up to 20 centime- 
 ters length of sole .'...per pair. . 
 
 The same, more than 20 centi- 
 meters length of sole, per pair. . 
 
 Gaiters, silk, or cloth contain- 
 ing silk, including those with 
 elastics and ornaments not of 
 gold, silver, or platinum, up to 
 12 centimeters length of sole 
 per pair. 
 
 The same, up to 20 centimeters 
 length of sole per pair . 
 
 Materias Animales cominfia. 
 
 IV. ARTEFACT08 Y MANUFACTURAS 
 
 continiia. 
 Calzado. 
 
 Babuchas, chinelas y pantuflas 
 de cuero li otra materia que 
 no coutenga seda 6 metal, 
 hasta de 12 centimetres de 
 planta par . . 
 
 Babuchas, chinelas y pantuflas 
 de cuero u otra materia que no 
 contenga seda 6 metal, hasta 
 20 centimetres de planta.. par. . 
 
 Idem, id., id , de mas de 20 cen- 
 timetres de planta par. . 
 
 Babuchas, chiuelas y pantutias 
 de cuero li otra matsiia, aun 
 cuando tengan adornos 6 bor- 
 dados de seda 6 metal que no 
 sea oro, plata 6 platino, hasta 
 de 12 centimetros de planta 
 par . 
 
 Idem, id., id., hasta de 20 cen- 
 timetros de planta par. , 
 
 Idem, id., id., de mas de 20 cen- 
 timetros de planta par . 
 
 Botas y medias botis de vaqueta 
 para varones pa r . 
 
 Botas y medias botas de becerillo 
 6 charol para \ arones .... par . 
 
 Botines de cuero 6 tela que no 
 contenga seda, aun cuando 
 tengan resortes y adornos que 
 no sean de oro, plata 6 pla 
 tino, hasta de 12 centimetros 
 de planta par. 
 
 Idem, id., id., hasta de 20 centi- 
 metros de planta par. 
 
 Idem, id., id., de mas de 20 cen- 
 timetros de planta par . 
 
 Botines de seda 6 tela que con- 
 tenga -seda, aun cuando ten- 
 gan resortes y adoruos que no 
 sean de oro, plata 6 i latino, 
 hasta de 12 centimetres de 
 planta. par. 
 
 Idem, id., id., hasta de 20 centi- 
 metros de planta par. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .15 
 
 .25 
 .40 
 
 .25 
 
 .35 
 
 .50 
 
 1.50 
 
 2.50 
 
 .50 
 
 .80-
 
 74 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MRRCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures . 
 
 Animal substances continued. 
 
 IV. MANUFACTURED ARTICLES 
 
 continued. 
 Boots and shoes continued. 
 
 The same, more than 20 centi- 
 meters length of sole. per pair. 
 
 Slippers ot all kinds, leather, not 
 made up, legal weight 
 per kilogram. 
 
 Boots and gaiters, leather, not 
 made up, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Shoes, low, skin, or cloth not 
 containing silk, including those 
 with ornaments not of gold, sil- 
 ver, or platinum, up to 12 cen- 
 timeters length of sole 
 per pair. 
 
 The same, up to 20 centimeters 
 length of sole per pair . 
 
 The same, more than i.0 centi- 
 meters length of sole, per pair. 
 
 Shoes, low, silk, or cloth con- 
 taining silk, including those 
 with ornaments not of gold, 
 silver, or platinum, up to 12 
 .centimeters length of sole 
 per pair . . 
 
 The same, up to 20 centimeters 
 length of sole per pair. . 
 
 The same, more than 20 centime- 
 ters length of sole. . . per pair. 
 
 Sundry arti les. 
 
 Fans, bone ribs and handles, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Fans, horn ribs and handles, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram. . 
 
 Fans, tortoise shell each. . 
 
 Fans, shell each . . 
 
 Fans, ivory each . . 
 
 Whalebone, articles of, not spec- 
 ified, legal weight, .per kilo... 
 
 Tortoise shell, articles of, not 
 specified, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Horn, articles of, not specified, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram . . 
 
 Materias animales continua. 
 
 IV. ARTEFACT08 Y MANUFACTURA 
 
 continua. 
 Calzado continua. 
 
 Idem, id., id., de mas de 20 cen- 
 timetros de planta par. 
 
 Cortes de babuchas, chinelas 6 
 pantuilas de cuero, peso le- 
 g*l kilo. 
 
 Cortes de botas y botines de 
 cuero, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Zapatos baj'is de piel 6 tela que 
 no coutenga seda, aun cuando 
 tengan aclornos que no sean 
 de oro, plata 6 platino, hasta 
 de 12 ceutiinetros de planta 
 par 
 
 Idem, id., id., hasta de 20 centl 
 metres de planta par. 
 
 Idem, id., id., de mas de 20 cen- 
 timetres de planta par . 
 
 Zapat< s b;.jos d-: seda 6 tela que 
 contenga seda, aun cuando 
 tengan .idoruos que no sean 
 de oro, plata 6 platino, hasta 
 de 12 ceatimetros de planta 
 
 .par. 
 
 Idem, id., id., hasta de 20 centf- 
 metros de planta par. 
 
 Idem, id., id., de mas de 20 cen 
 tfmetros de planta par. 
 
 Vctrios. 
 
 Abanicos con varillas de hueso, 
 
 peso legal kil > . 
 
 Abanicos con varillas de cuerno, 
 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Ahanicos de carey pieza. . 
 
 Abanicos de concha pieza. . 
 
 Ahanicos de marfil piezi. . 
 
 Artefactos de 1> illena, no esp ci- 
 
 ficados, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Artefactos de cnrey no especifi- 
 
 cados, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Artefactos de cuerno no especi- 
 ficados, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1.25 
 
 .75 
 3.00 
 
 .15 
 .30 
 .45 
 
 .50 
 .75 
 
 1 00 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.25 
 2.50 
 
 2 50 
 2.50 
 
 .40 
 1.75 
 
 .40
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 75 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures . 
 
 Animal substances continued. 
 
 IV. MANUFACTURED ARTICLES 
 
 continued. 
 Sundry articles continued. 
 
 Bone, articles of, not specified, 
 legal weight per kilogiam. . 
 
 Ivory, articles of, not specifi, d, 
 le^al weight. . . .per kilogram.. 
 
 Mother-of-pearl, ai tides of, not 
 specified, legal weight 
 per kilogram . , 
 
 Hair, human, articles or mauu- 
 factures of, net weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Billiard balls, ivory, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Cupels 
 
 Coral, wrought, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cords or strings for musical in- 
 struments, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Toothpicks, quill, legal weight 
 . per kilogram . 
 
 Haircloth, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Candles or tapers, wax, gross 
 weight per kilogram. 
 
 Candles or tapers, spermaceti, 
 gross weight.. . . per kilogram. 
 
 Candles or tapers, stearine, gross 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Cand.es or tapers, tallow, pressed 
 or unpiessed, gross weight, 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Vegetable substances- 
 
 I. TEXTILE FIBERS. 
 
 Cotton, unginned. gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Cotton, ginned, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Cotton, waste, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Cotton, carded, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Materias animates -continfla. 
 
 FV. ARTEFACTOS Y MANUFACTURAS 
 
 continua. 
 Varies continria. 
 
 Artefactos de hueso no especi- 
 ficados, peso legal kilo , 
 
 Artefactos de marfil no especi- 
 ficados, peso legal kilo. , 
 
 Artefactos de nacar no especi- 
 ficados, peso legal kilo . , 
 
 Artefactos 6 manufacturas de 
 pelo humano, peso neto.. kilo. 
 
 Bolas de marfil para billar, peso 
 
 legal kilo. 
 
 Copelas 
 
 Coral labrado, peso legal . . kilo . 
 
 Cuerdas de tripa 6 tendones para 
 instrunvntos de miisica, peso 
 leaal kilo. 
 
 Limpiadientes de pluma, ptso 
 legal kilo. 
 
 Tela de cerda, peso legal . . . kilo . 
 
 Velas 6 bujias de cera, peso 
 
 bruto kilo 
 
 Velas 6 bujias de esperma, 
 
 peso bruto kilo . 
 
 Velas 6 bujias estearicas, peso 
 
 bruto kilo 
 
 Velas 6 bujias de sebo prensado 
 
 6 sin prensar, peso bruto. kilo. 
 
 Materias vegetales 
 
 I. FIBRAS TEXTILES. 
 
 Algodbn en rama, con pepita 
 
 peso bruto kilo. . 
 
 Algodon sin pepita, peso bruto 
 , . kilo. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .40 
 
 1.75 
 1.75 
 
 10.00 
 
 5.00 
 Free. 
 1.50 
 
 .60 
 
 .40 
 .45 
 
 60 
 .20 
 .20 
 .20 
 
 Algodon e hilaza sucios, peso 
 
 bruto kilo.. 
 
 Algodon cardado, peso legal 
 
 .. kilo. 
 
 .03 
 .08 
 .02 
 .20
 
 76 
 
 TARIFP. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures 
 
 Vegetable substances continued. 
 i. TEXTILE FIBERS continued. 
 
 Hemp, flax, ramie,'jute, and other 
 vegetable fibers not specified, 
 crude or hackled, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 II. FRUITS AND GRAINS. 
 
 A limentary substances. 
 
 Olives, stuffed or in oil, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Caraway and anise, green, net 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Almonds, sweet or bitter, un- 
 
 shelled, net weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Almonds, sweet or bitter, shelled, 
 
 net weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Oats, in the grain, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cocoa, all kinds, net weiaht 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Coffee, net weinht . . . .per kilo.. . 
 Cinnamon of all kinds, including 
 
 cassia, net weight. . .per kilo... 
 Cloves, net weight. . . .per kilo.. . 
 
 Fruits, dried, not specified, net 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Fruits in brine, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Fruits in their juice, in spirits or 
 syrup, legal weight... per kilo. . 
 
 Fruits, vegetables, garden prod- 
 ucts, and bulbs, fresh, not 
 specified, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Fruits, vegetables, garden prod- 
 ucts, and bulbs, not specified, 
 preserved, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Corn (maize), gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Pepper, net weight per kilo. . 
 
 Seeds and grains, alimentary, not 
 specified, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Materias vegetales contintia. 
 I. FIBRAS TEXTILES continua. 
 
 Canamo, lino, ramie, yute y 
 demas fibras vegetales no es- 
 pecificadas, en rama 6 rastril- 
 ladas, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 II. FRUTOS Y GRAN OS. 
 
 Alimentldos. 
 
 Aceitunas rellenas 6 en aceite, 
 peso legal kilo . , 
 
 Alcaravea y anis verde, peso neto 
 kilo. 
 
 Almendra. dulce 6 amarga, con 
 cascara, peso neto kilo. 
 
 Almendra, dulce 6 amarga, fin 
 
 cascara, peso neto kilo . 
 
 Avena en grano, peso bruto 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Cacao de todas clases, peso neto 
 
 kilo 
 
 Cafe, peso neto kilo. 
 
 Canela de todas clases, iaclusa 
 
 la cassia, peso neto kilo. , 
 
 Clavo especia 6 clavillo, peso 
 
 neto kilo . . 
 
 Frutas secas no especificadas, 
 
 peso neto kilo . , 
 
 Frutas en salmuera, peso bruto 
 . kilo.. 
 
 Frutas en su jugo, en almibar y 
 en aguardiente, peso legal 
 kilo . 
 
 Frutas, hortalizas, legumbres y 
 tuherculos frescos no espeeifi- 
 cados, peso bruto kilo. . 
 
 Frutas, hortalizas, lesnmbres y 
 tuberculos no especih'cados, en 
 conserva, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Mai/, peso bruto kilo . . 
 
 Pimienta, peso neto kilo . 
 
 Semillas y granos alimenticios, 
 no especificados, peso bruto 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .05 
 
 .10 
 .10 
 .10 
 
 .20 
 .01 
 
 .20 
 .10 
 
 1.00 
 .65 
 .10 
 .06 
 
 .75 
 .02 
 
 .15 
 .01 
 .25 
 
 .05
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 77 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures . 
 
 Vegetable substances continued. 
 
 II. FRUITS AND GRAINS COntin'd. 
 
 Alimentary substances continued. 
 
 Wheat and other cereals, not 
 
 specified, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Vanilla, net weight .... per kilo . . 
 
 Medicinal. 
 
 Seeds and berries, medicinal, le- 
 gal weight per kilo . . 
 
 Live plants and seeds. 
 
 Live plants 
 
 Garden seeds 
 
 Farm seeds, when imported hy 
 permission of the Treasury 
 Department 
 
 III. VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUB- 
 STANCES. 
 
 Saffron, dry or in oil, net weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cane, for furniture, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Teasels 
 
 Cork, in the rough or in sheets.. . 
 Cork, in leaves or stoppers, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Hair vegetable, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Broom corn, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Firewood 
 
 Lycopodium, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Hops 
 
 Moss and natural flowers . . 
 
 Hay ;."..;; 
 
 Roots, barks, flowers, herbs, and 
 leaves, medicinal, whole or pul- 
 verized, legal weight 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Tobacco, in theleaf, not Virginia, 
 net weight .per ki'ogram. . 
 
 Tobacco, in the leaf, Virginia, 
 net weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Tea, green or black, all kinds, 
 net weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Materias vegetales continua. 
 
 II. FRUTOS Y GRANOS continua. 
 
 A limenticios continua. 
 
 Trigo y demas qereales no espe- 
 cificados, peso bruto kilo. , 
 
 Vainilla, peso neto kilo . 
 
 Medicinales. 
 
 Semillas y bayas medicinales, 
 peso legal kilo . , 
 
 Piantas vivas y simiente. 
 
 Plantas vivas 
 
 St millas para horticultura 
 
 Semillas para la agricultura.cuan- 
 do se importen previo permiso 
 de la Secretaria de Hacienda. . . 
 
 III. MATERIAS VEGETALES DI- 
 
 VERSAS. 
 
 Azafran seco 6 en aceite, peso 
 neto kilo. . 
 
 Bejuco para rejilla de muebles, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 (iardas vegetales 
 
 Corcho en bruto 6 en plancha. . . . 
 
 (Jorcho en laminas y tapones, 
 peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Criu vegetal, peso bruto. . .kilo. . 
 
 Espiga de maiz de Guinea 6 
 
 mijo, peso bruto kilo. . 
 
 Lena 
 
 Licopodio, peso legal kile . . 
 
 Liipulo 
 
 Vlusgo y flores naturales 
 
 Pasto seco en paja 
 
 LJaiues, cortezas, (lores, yerbas y 
 hojas medicinales, euteras 6 
 pulverizadas, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo.. 
 
 Tabaoo en ran a, que no sea de 
 Virginia, peso neto kilo.. 
 
 Pabaco de Virginia, en rama, 
 peso neto kilo . . 
 
 1'e verJe 6 negro, de todas clases, 
 peso neto kilo . . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .05 
 1.00 
 
 .20 
 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 Free. 
 
 2.00 
 
 .10 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 .50 
 .01 
 
 .03 
 Free. 
 .08 
 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 .20 
 
 1.37 
 
 .25 
 
 .50
 
 78 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Vegetable substances continued. 
 
 IV. VARIOUS VEGETABLE PROD- 
 UCTS. 
 
 Alimentary. 
 
 Oil, olive, in jugs or cans, no al- 
 lowance for leakage or break- 
 age, net weight, per kilogram. . 
 
 Oil, olive, in glass, no allowance 
 for leikage or breakage, net 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Sugar, common or refined, gross 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Comtits and sweetmeats, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Chocolate, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Feculas of all substances, includ- 
 ing those lactated or prepared 
 in any way, Ifgal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Crackers of all kinds, gross 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Flour, wheat, and other cereals, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram. . 
 
 Molasses or glucose, gross Wright . . 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Pastes, alimentary, of Hour, gross 
 weight per kilogram. , 
 
 Medicinal. 
 
 Oil, fixed, liquid or concrete, for 
 medicinal uses, not specified, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Camphor, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Gums, resins, and I alsams, nat- 
 ural, not specified, legal weight 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Opium of all kinds, and its ex- 
 tracts, legal weight, .per kilo. . 
 
 Industrial. 
 
 Oil, cotton seed, of all kinds, net 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Oil, cocoanut, net weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Materias vegetales cominua. 
 
 IV. PROD0CTOS VEGETALES DI- 
 VERSOS. 
 
 A limenticios. 
 
 Aceite de olivo en botijas 6 latas, 
 sin abono de met m.ts ni rotu- 
 ras, peso neto kilo. . 
 
 Aceite de olivo en vas>jeria de 
 vidrio, sin abono de mermas 
 ni roturas, peso neto. .. .kilo. . 
 
 Azucar comun y el refinado, 
 peso bruto kilo . . 
 
 Coufituras y dulces, peso legal 
 , kilo. 
 
 Chocolate, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Feculas de todas materias y las 
 lacteadas 6 preparadas bajo 
 cualquiera formula, peso legal 
 kilo.. 
 
 Galletas de todas clases, peso 
 bruto kilo. . 
 
 Marina de trigo y demas cereales, 
 peso legal kilo.. 
 
 Miel de cafia 6 de fecula, peso 
 bruto kilo . . 
 
 Pastas alimenticias de harina, 
 peso bruto kilo. . 
 
 Medidnales. 
 
 Aceites fijos, liquidos 6 concre- 
 tos, para uso medicinal, no 
 especificados, peso legal 
 kilo.. 
 
 Alcanfor, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Gomas, resiuas y balsamos natu- 
 rales, no especificadus, peso 
 legal .kilo. 
 
 Opio de todas clases y su ex- 
 tracto, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Induntriales. 
 
 Aceite de semilla de algodon de 
 
 todas clases, peso neto... kilo. 
 
 Aceite de coco, peso neto. .kilo. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 monry, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .15 
 
 .20 
 .15 
 
 .75 
 .75 
 
 .10 
 .15 
 .10 
 .05 
 .08 
 
 .20 
 .50 
 
 .25 
 3.00 
 
 .10 
 .10
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 79 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 duties in 
 Mexican 
 noney, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Vegetable substances-continued. 
 
 IV. VARIOUS VEGETABLE PRODUCTS 
 
 continued. 
 Industrial continued. 
 
 Oils, tixed, liquid or concrete, 
 not specified, for industrial 
 uses, legal weight. . . per kilo. . . 
 Oils, essential, orange flower, 
 rose geranium, nutmeg, pat- 
 chouli, and rose, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Oils, essential, not specified, liq- 
 uid or solid, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Turpentine and spirits of, legal 
 
 weight per kil' >gram . . 
 
 Tar, Norwegian, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Starch, legal weight. . . per kilo. . 
 Amber, crude, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Indigo, legal weight. ...per kilo. . 
 
 Charcoal, vegetable 
 
 Wax, vegetable, net weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Dextrine, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Gum arabic, copal, damar, sanda- 
 rach, lac, Senegal, and traga- 
 canth, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Orchil, gross weight. . . per kilo. . 
 Colophony, gross weight 
 
 p. j r kilogram.. 
 
 Pulp, wood, including that in 
 sheets, for paper 
 
 Tannin, legal weiaht. . .per kilo. 
 Shavings (excelsior) for stuffing 
 furniture . . 
 
 v. WOODS. 
 
 Wood, common, for building in 
 logs, beams, planks and 
 boards, common 
 
 Wood, common, for building, in 
 tongued-and-grooved boards, 
 per 100 square meters 
 
 Mater ias vegetales contintia. 
 
 V. PBODUCTOS VEGETALES DIVER- 
 SOS coiitinua. 
 
 Industriales continiia. 
 
 Aceites fijos, liquidos 6 concre- 
 tos, no espeeiticados, para uso 
 industrial, peso legal. . . .kilo. . 
 
 Aceites esenciales de azahar 6 
 neroli, gerauio rosa, nuez mos- 
 cada, pachulf y rosa, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Aceites esenciales no especifi- 
 cados, liquidos 6 solidos, peso 
 legal kilo. . 
 
 Aguarras y trementinas, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Alquitran de haya 6 de Norue- 
 ,a, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Almidou, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Ambar en bruto, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo.. 
 
 Anil, peso neto kilo . 
 
 Carbon vegetal 
 
 ?era vegetal, peso neto .kilo. 
 
 Dextrina, p' so legal kilo . 
 
 ioma arabiga, copal, damar, 
 
 grasilla 6 sanrlaraca, lana, se- 
 
 negal y tragacanto, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Orchilla, peso bruto kilo. 
 
 Fez griega 6 colofonia, peso 
 bruto kilo. 
 
 Pulpa de madera, aun cuando 
 este laminada, para fabricar 
 papel 
 
 Tanino, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Viruta para rellenar muebles . . 
 
 V. MADERAS. 
 
 Madera ordinaria para construc- 
 ciones, labrada en trozas, vigas, 
 tablones y tablas comunes .... 
 
 Madera ordinaria para construc- 
 ciones, labrada en tablas ma- 
 chihembradas, 100 metres 
 cuadrados. . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .20 
 
 5.00 
 
 2.00 
 .10 
 
 .10 
 .10 
 
 .50 
 1.50 
 Free. 
 .50 
 
 .10 
 
 .10 
 
 .05 
 
 .04 
 
 Free. 
 
 .10 
 Free. 
 
 Free. 
 
 1.00
 
 80 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 duties in 
 
 Mexican 
 
 money, 
 
 weights, 
 
 and 
 
 measures. 
 
 Vegetable substances continued. 
 v. WOODS continued. 
 
 Woods, fine, sawn in logs, beams, 
 boards, or planks, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Boxwood, not manufactured, 
 gross weight. . . .per kilogram. . 
 
 Dyewoods, including pulverized, 
 gross weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Wood, in form for putting to- 
 gether, for carriage bodies, 
 gross weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 VI. MANUFACTURES OF WOOD. 
 
 Articles, wooden, not specified, 
 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram . 
 Barrels, wooden, set up or in 
 
 pieces, and their hoops 
 
 Boxes, or box shooks, common 
 
 wood, for packing 
 
 Tubs and firkins, wooden, gross 
 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Cross ties, railroad 
 
 Shoepegs, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Handles, wooden, for brooms, 
 
 painted or varnished, gross 
 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Handles, common wood, plain, 
 
 gross weight .... per kilogram . 
 
 Hubs, posts, and spokes, wooden, 
 for carriages, gross weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Poles, cross-pieces, and pins for 
 telegraphs and telephones 
 
 Oars 
 
 Bungs, wooden, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Wood with other materials. 
 
 Fans with ribs and handles of 
 
 wood, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Masts and spars for vessels 
 
 Materias vegetales~ cont ' n< i a - 
 v. MADERAS continued. 
 
 Vladeras finas, aserradas en tro- 
 zas, vigas, tablas 6 tabl >nes, 
 peso bruto kilo . , 
 
 Madera de boj que no este manu- 
 facturada, pe*o bruto. . .kilo. . 
 Maderas tiutoreas, aun cuando 
 esten pulverizadas, peso 
 bruto kilo. 
 
 Vladera combinada para caj^s 
 de carruajes, peso bruto, kilo. 
 
 VI. ARTEFACTOS DE MADERA. 
 
 Artefactos de madera no especi- 
 ticados, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Barriles de madera annados 6 
 
 desarmados y sus aros 
 
 'aja^ de madera ordinaria para 
 
 envases, armadas 6 desarmadas 
 
 lubos y cubetas de madera, 
 
 peso bruto kilo . 
 
 Durmientes para ferrocarril 
 
 Estacas de madera para calzado, 
 peso bruto kilo . 
 
 Mangos de madera pintados 6 
 barnizados, para escobas, peso 
 bruto kilo . 
 
 Mangos de madera ordinaria sin 
 pintar ni barnizar, para esco- 
 bas, peso bruto kilo . 
 
 Mazos, pilares y myos de ma- 
 dera para carruajes, peso 
 bruto kilo . 
 
 Postes, cruceros y estacas para 
 telegrafos y telefonos 
 
 Remos para embarcaciones 
 
 Tapones de madera, peso legal 
 . kilo . 
 
 De madera con otras materias. 
 
 Abanicos con varillas de ma- 
 dera, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Arboladuras 
 ciones . 
 
 para embarca 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .02 
 .01 
 
 .05 
 .02 
 
 .40 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 .10 
 
 Free. 
 
 .05 
 .03 
 .01 
 
 .06 
 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 .06 
 
 1.25 
 Free.
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 81 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mex can 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Vegetable substances continued. 
 
 VI. MANUFACTURES OF WOOD 
 
 continued. 
 
 Wood with other materials 
 continued. 
 
 Articles of pulp or paste, with 
 wooden veneering, in imitation 
 of carvings, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Articles of wood with silk cloth 
 or cloth containing silk, or 
 with skin, with or without or- 
 naments not of gold, silver, or 
 platinum, not specified, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Handles for tools, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Billiard cues, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Of different vegetable substances. 
 
 Fans, common, straw or palm- 
 leaf, legal weight . . . .per kilo . 
 
 Sandals, cloth, with grass or hemp 
 sole, up to 20 centimeters 
 length of sole per pair . 
 
 Sandals, cloth, same, more than 
 20 centimeters length of sole, 
 per pair . 
 
 Articles of straw or cane, not 
 specified, legal weight, per kilo . 
 
 Articlesof straw or cane with cloth 
 of silk mixed, or with skin with 
 or without ornaments not of 
 gold, silver, or platinum, not 
 specified, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Articles of amber, not specified, 
 legal weight per kilogram . 
 
 Cables, agave, hemp, and other 
 vegetable fibers, 3 centimeters 
 or more in diameter. . . 
 
 Curtains, wood or grass, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Bags (sacks), common, jute, pita, 
 henequen, and hemp, for ex- 
 
 Materias vegetales continua. 
 
 VI. ABTEFACTOS DE MADERA 
 
 continua. 
 
 De madera con otras materias 
 continua. 
 
 Artefactos de pasta con hojas de 
 madera imitando obras de 
 talla, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Artefactos de madera con tela 
 de seda 6 que contenga seda, 
 6 con piel, a.un cuaudo ten- 
 gan adornos que no scan de 
 oro, plata 6 platino, no especi- 
 ficados, peso legal kilo.. 
 
 Mangos y cabos para herramien- 
 tas, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Tacos para billar, peso legal 
 
 . . kilo . . 
 
 De materias vegetales diversas. 
 
 Abanicos ordinaries de paja 6 
 palma, peso legal kilo.. 
 
 Alpargatas de tela con suela de 
 esparto 6 de canamo, hasta de 
 20 centimetres deplanta. .par. . 
 
 Idem, id., id., de mas de 20 centi- 
 metros de plauta par. . 
 
 Artefactos de paja 6 bejuco no 
 especificados, peso legal. kilo.. 
 
 Artefactos de paja 6 bejuco, con 
 tela de seda 6 que conteuga 
 seda, 6 con piel, aun cuando 
 tengan adornos que no sean 
 de oro, plata 6 platino, no es- 
 pecificados, peso legal. . .kilo. . 
 
 Artefactos de ambar no especi- 
 ficados, paso legal kilo . . 
 
 Cable de aloe, canamo y demas 
 fibras vegetales, cuando mida 
 tres centimetres de diametro 6 
 mas 
 
 Cortinas de madera 6 esparto, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Costales ordinarios, hechos de 
 yute, pita, henequen y cafia- 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .25 
 
 .60 
 .05 
 .40 
 
 .25 
 
 .10 
 .15 
 
 .40 
 
 .60 
 1.75 
 
 Free. 
 
 .30 
 
 6
 
 82 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 
 Tegetable substances continued. 
 
 TI. MANUFACTURES OF WOOD 
 
 coiitinuedL 
 
 Of different vegetable substances 
 continued. 
 
 porting vegetable products or 
 
 minerals 
 
 Coverings, straw, for bottles, 
 
 gross weight .... per kilogram . . 
 Brooms, large and small, of heath 
 
 or broom corn, all kinds, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Mats, hemp, jute, cocoa, palm, 
 
 or henequen, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Rigging and cordage, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Wicks, cotton, for open lamps or 
 
 tinder, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Rope pickings, for paper manu- 
 facture 
 
 Tobacco, chewing, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Tobacco, sifted or fine cut in 
 
 threads, for cigarettes, net 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Tobacco, powdered, or snuff, all 
 
 kinds, legal weight . . per kilo . . 
 Tobacco, line cut, for pipes, net 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Tobacco, in cigarettes of all kinds, 
 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 Tobacco, in cigars, net weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Rags, in pieces, clippings, thread, 
 
 waste, and refuse, for paper 
 
 manufacture.. . 
 
 Materias vegetales continua. 
 
 VI. AHTEFACTOS DE MADERA 
 
 continua. 
 
 Material vegetales divertas 
 continua. 
 
 mazo, para exportacion de 
 frutos 6 minerales 
 
 Envolturas de paja para botellas, 
 peso bruto kilo . 
 
 Escobas y escobillas de brezo 6 
 i ni jo, de todas clases y taina- 
 nos, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Esteras de canamo, yute, coco, 
 
 palma 6 henequen, peso legal 
 
 . . kilo . 
 
 Jarcia y cordelerla, peso legal 
 kilo . 
 
 Mechas de algod6n para quin- 
 
 que y para eslab6n, peso legal 
 
 . kilo . 
 
 VII. FURNITURE. 
 
 Furniture, common wood, 
 roughly made, unpainted and 
 unvarnished and without cane, 
 legal weight. . . . per kilogram. . 
 
 Furniture, common wood, painted 
 or varnished, including cane- 
 seated or bent wood, and that 
 
 Pedaceria de jarcia para fabrica- 
 
 ci6n de papel 
 
 Tabaco breva 6 de mascar, peso 
 
 legal kilo. . 
 
 Tabaco ceruido y el picado en 
 
 hebras, para cigarillos, peso 
 
 neto . . kilo . 
 
 Tabaco en polvo 6 rape de todas 
 
 clases, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Tabaco picado para pipas, peso 
 
 neto kilo . 
 
 Tabaco labrado en cigarillos de 
 
 todas clases, peso legal . . kilo . 
 Tabaco ^brado en puros, peso 
 
 neto kilo . 
 
 Trapo en pedaceria, recortes, 
 
 hilacha y desechos para fabri- 
 
 cacion de papel 
 
 VII. MUEBLES. 
 
 Muebles de madera ordinaria 
 toscamente lal/rados, sin pin- 
 tar ni barnizar y sin rejilla de 
 bejuco, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Muebles de madera ordinaria 
 pintados 6 barnizados, y los de 
 bejuco 6 de madera de vuelta, 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Free. 
 
 .03 
 
 .2t 
 
 .25 
 
 .12 
 
 .30 
 
 Free. 
 .70 
 
 1.4* 
 
 2.75 
 1.2* 
 1.5fr 
 5.59 
 
 Free. 
 
 .OS
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Vegetable substances continued. 
 vn. FURNITURE continued. 
 
 with mirrors or marble tops, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Furniture, fine wood or common 
 wood veneered with fine wood, 
 not upholstered, with or with- 
 out mirrors or marble tops, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Furniture, fine wood or common 
 wood veneered with fine wood, 
 upholstered .with leather or 
 cloth not containing silk, with 
 or without mirrors or marble 
 tops, legal weight . . . .per kilo . . 
 
 Furniture upholstered with silk or 
 silk mixture, with or without 
 mirrors or marble tops, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Furniture of all kinds, inlaid with 
 wood, shell, ivory, tortoise, or 
 metal not gold, silver, or plat- I 
 inum, legal weight. . .per kilo. . 
 
 Mineral substances. 
 
 I. METALS. 
 
 GOLD, SILVER, AND PLATINUM. 
 
 Ore, gold, silver, or platinum .... 
 Gold, silver, or platinum ' ex- 
 tracted, in bullion or dust 
 
 Manufactured articles. 
 
 Wire, bugle, and other wire- 
 drawn articles, of silver, gilt, 
 or ungilt, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Jewelry and all kinds or articles 
 of gold or platinum, or both 
 combined, with pearls or 
 precious stones, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Materias vegetales continua. 
 vn. MUUBLES continua. 
 
 ann cnando tengan espejos 6 
 cubiertas de marmol. peso 
 legal kilo. . 
 
 Muebles de madera fina 6 de 
 madera ordinaria enchapados 
 con madera fina, que no esteu 
 tapizados, aun cuando tengan 
 espejos 6 cubiertas de marmol, 
 peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Muebles de madera fina 6 de ma- 
 dera ordicaria enchapados con 
 madera fina, tapizados con piel 
 6 tela que no contenga seda, 
 aun cuando tengan espejos o 
 cubiertas de marmol, peso le- 
 gal kilo . . 
 
 Muebles tapizados con tela de 
 seda 6 que contenga seda, 
 aun cuando tengan espejos o 
 cubiertas de marmol, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Muebles de todas clases con 
 embutidos de madera, concha, 
 marfil, carey 6 metal que no 
 sea oro, plata 6 | -latino, peso 
 legal kilo. . 
 
 Materias minerales. 
 
 I. METALES. 
 
 ORO, PLATA Y PLATINO. 
 
 Mineral de oro, plata 6 platino . , 
 
 Oro, plata 6 platino beneficia- 
 
 dos, en pasta 6 en polvo , 
 
 A rtefaclos, 
 
 Alambre, canutillo y demas 
 
 efectos de tiraduria, de plata 
 
 dorada 6 sm dorar, peso neto 
 
 .. kilo., 
 
 Alhajas y toda clase de oh/as de 
 oro 6 platino, 6 de am bos 
 metales, con perlas 6 piedras 
 preciosas, peso neto kilo. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 20 
 
 .25 
 
 .30 
 
 .35 
 
 .40 
 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 10.00 
 
 75.00
 
 84 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Mineral substances continued. 
 I. METALS continued. 
 
 OLD, SILVER, AND PLATINUM 
 
 continued. 
 Manufactured articles continued 
 
 Do., do., do., without pearls or 
 precious stones, net weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Jewelry and all kinds of articles 
 of silver, or silver and gold, 
 with pearls or precious stones, 
 net weight per kilogram . 
 
 Do., do., do., without pearls or 
 precious stones, net weight . . . . 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Crucibles of platinum 
 
 Galloons and textures of silver, 
 up to 15 centimeters wide, net 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Galloons and textures of silver, 
 gilt, up to 15 centimeters wide, 
 net weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Coin, lawful, gold or silver, of 
 all nations 
 
 Gold-leaf, for gilding, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Silver-leaf, for plating, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 COPPER AND ITS ALLOYS. 
 
 Copper, brass, bronze, and 
 white metal in ingots or grains, 
 gross weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Copper, etc., in bars, gross 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Copper, etc., in plates or sheets, 
 gross weight . . . .per kilogram. . 
 
 Copper ores, not reduced 
 
 Manufactured articles. 
 
 Wire, copper, brass, or white 
 metal, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Wire, copper or brass, covered 
 with cotton, silk, paper, or other 
 like material, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Materias miner ales continfia, 
 I. METALES continiia. 
 
 ORO, PLATA, AND PLATING 
 
 continued. 
 A rtefactos continua. 
 
 Idem, id., id., sin perlas ni pie- 
 dras preciosas, peso neto 
 kilo.. 
 
 Alhajas y toda clase de obras de 
 plata 6 de plata y oro, con 
 perlas 6 piedras preciosas, 
 peso neto kilo. 
 
 Idem, id., id., sin perlas ni 
 piedras precibsas, peso neto 
 kilo. 
 
 i ^risoles de platino 
 
 Galones y tejidos de plata, hasta 
 de 15 centimetros de ancho, 
 peso ueto kilo . 
 
 Galones y tejidos de plata do- 
 rada, hasta de 15 centimetros 
 de ancho, peso neto kilo. 
 
 Moneda legal de oro 6 plata,. de 
 todas naciones 
 
 Oro batido en hojas para dorar, 
 peso legal kilo. 
 
 Plata batida en hojas para pla- 
 tear, peso legal kilo . 
 
 COBRE Y SUS ALEACION'ES. 
 
 Cobre, la ton, bronce y metal 
 bianco, en lingotes 6 granu- 
 lado, peso bruto kilo. 
 
 Idem, id., id., en barras, peso 
 bruto kilo. 
 
 Idem, id., id., en planchas 6 
 laminas, peso bruto kilo. 
 
 Miner.ales de cobre sin beneficiar 
 
 A rtefactos. 
 
 Alambre de cobre, laton 6 metal 
 bianco, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Alambre de cobre 6 laton cu- 
 bierto con algoddn, seda, pa- 
 pel li otra materia analoga, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Dollart. 
 
 50.00 
 
 50.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 Free. 
 
 13.00 
 
 15.50 
 Free. 
 15.00 
 2.00 
 
 .10 
 .12 
 
 .15 
 
 Free. 
 
 .20 
 
 .60
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Mineral substances continued. 
 I. METALS continued. 
 
 COPPER AND ITS ALLOYS COntin- 
 
 ued. 
 Manufactured articles continued, 
 
 Wire, copper, insulated with any 
 material, for electric light 
 
 Wire, spangles, thread, and foil 
 of common metal, gilt or sil- 
 vered, legal weight 
 ' per kilogram . . 
 
 Articles of copper, brass, bronze, 
 or white metal, not specified, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram . . 
 
 Articles of copper, brass, bronze 
 or white metal, weighing more 
 than 10 kilograms each, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Articles not specified, of copper, 
 bronze, brass, or any other 
 common metal, gilt or silver- 
 plated, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Articles of copper or its alloys, 
 not specified, with cloth of silk 
 or containitig silk, or with skin, 
 with or without ornaments not 
 of fine metal, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Spangles, thread, or foil of com- 
 mon metal, not gilded or plated, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Bugle, tinsel, and other articles 
 not specified, wire drawn, of 
 common metal, not gilded or 
 plated, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Bugle, tinsel, and other articles 
 not specified, wire-drawn, of 
 common metal, plated or 
 gilded, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Materias miner ale scontintia. 
 I. MET ALES continiia. 
 
 BRB T SUS ALEACIONES COH 
 
 timia. 
 Artefactos continiia. 
 
 Alambre de cobre aislado con 
 cualquiera materia, para luz 
 electrica 
 
 Alambre, bricho, hilado y hojue- 
 la de metal ordinario, dorado 
 6 plateado, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Artefactos de cobre, laton, 
 bronce y metal bianco no 
 especificados, peso legal, kilo. . 
 
 Artefactos de cobre, Iat6n, 
 bronce y metal bianco, cuando, 
 el peso de cada uno exceda 
 de diez kildgramos, peso le- 
 gal kilo. . 
 
 Artefactos no especificados de 
 cobre, bronce, Iat6u 6 cual- 
 quier otro metal comun, dora- 
 dos 6 plateados, peso legal 
 
 . . kilo . . 
 
 Avtefactos de cobre 6 sus alea- 
 ciones, no especificados, con 
 tela de serla 6 que contenga, 
 seda, 6 con piel, aun cuando, 
 teng-m adornos que no scan 
 de metal fino, peso legal, kilo. 
 
 Bricho, hilado y hojuela de me- 
 tal ordinario, sin dorar ui 
 platear, peso legal kilo . 
 
 'anutillo, lentejuela y demas 
 efectos no especificados de 
 tiradurla, de metal ordinario, 
 sin dorar ni platear, peso le- 
 gal kilo. . 
 
 ?anutillo, lentejuela y demas 
 efectos no especificados de 
 tiradurla, de metal ordinario 
 plateado 6 dorado, peso legal 
 
 . . kilo . . 
 
 Dollars.' 
 
 Free. 
 1.00 
 
 .40 
 
 .20 
 1.50 
 
 60 
 .50 
 
 1.00 
 
 2.00
 
 86 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OK MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Mineral substances continued. 
 I. METALS continued. 
 
 COPPKR AND ITS ALLOYS contin- 
 ued. 
 
 Manufactured articles continued, 
 
 Galloons ana textures of com- 
 mon metal , ungilt and u nplated, 
 up to 15 centimeters wide, le- 
 gal weight ...... per kilogram . . 
 
 Galloons and textures, plated or 
 gilt, legal weight. . . . per kilo. 
 
 Jewelry or ornaments of copper 
 or brass, plain, gilt, or plated, 
 legal weight. . . . per kilogram. . 
 
 Furniture, brass or bronze, all 
 kinds, with or without marble 
 tops or mirrors, gross weight 
 ................ per kilogram . . 
 
 Brass foil and enamel, in leaves 
 or cut fine, legal weight 
 ............... per kilogram . . 
 
 Copper plates, polished, for en- 
 graving, legal weight 
 ............... per kilogram . . 
 
 Powders for bronzing, legal 
 weight ......... per kilogram . . 
 
 Brass solder, gross weight 
 
 ............... per kilogram . . 
 
 Woven wire, copper or brass, 
 legal weight ... .per kilogram . , 
 
 Tubing, copper, brass, brouze, or 
 white metal, gross weight 
 ............... per kilogram . , 
 
 TIN, LEAD, AND ZINC. 
 
 Tin in bars and in the rough, le- 
 gal weight ...... per kilogram . , 
 
 Alloys of lead and antimony in 
 ingots, for type-casting ........ 
 
 Ores, tin, lead, or zinc, not re- 
 duced 
 
 Pig lead, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Zinc in ingots, gross weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Materias miner ales continfla. 
 I. METALES continua. 
 
 COBRE y sirs ALEACIONES con- 
 tinua. 
 
 Artefactos continua. 
 
 Galones y tejidos de metal ordi- 
 nario sin dorar ni platear, 
 hasta de 15 centimetres de 
 ancho, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Galones y tejidos de metal ordi- 
 nario, dorado 6 plateadp, hasta 
 de 15 centimetres de ancho, 
 peso legal kilo .. . 
 
 Joyas 6 alhaj as de cobre 6 Iat6n, 
 aun cuando esten doradas 6 
 plateadas, peso legal. .. .kilo. . 
 
 Muebles de Iat6n 6 bronce de 
 todas clases, aun cuando ten- 
 gan cubiertas de marmol y 
 espejos, peso bruto kilo . . 
 
 Oropel y esmalte en hojas 6 pi- 
 cado, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Planchas de cobre pulidas para 
 grabar, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Polvos para broncear, peso legal 
 
 kilo.. 
 
 Soldadura de laton, peso bruto 
 
 ..kilo.. 
 
 Tela de alainbre, de cobre 6 
 Iat6n, peso legal kilo . , 
 
 Tubos de cobre, Iat6n, bronce 6 
 metal bianco, peso bruto, kilo . , 
 
 ESTANO, PLOMO Y ZINC. 
 
 Estaiio en barras y en grefla, 
 peso legal kilo . , 
 
 Liugotes de aleaciones de plo- 
 mo y antimonio para fundir 
 tipos de imprenta 
 
 Minerales de estano, plomo 6 
 zinc, sin beneficiar 
 
 Plomo en galapagos, peso bruto 
 kilo. . 
 
 Zinc en lingotes, peso bruto 
 
 . .kilo. , 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 2.50 
 
 3.50 
 .60 
 
 .30 
 1.00 
 
 .05 
 
 .50 
 .10 
 .20 
 .15 
 
 .12 
 
 Free. 
 
 Free. 
 .05 
 .05
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 87 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Mineral substances continued. 
 I. METALS continued. 
 
 TIN, LEAD, AND ZINC continued. ESTANO, PLOMo Y ZINC continua. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Materias minerales contintia. 
 I. METALES continua. 
 
 Manufactured articles. 
 
 Articles of tin, not specified, le- 
 gal weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Articles of lead, not specified, le- 
 gal weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Articles of zinc, not specified, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Articles of alloys of zinc, lead, 
 . or tin, not specified, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Lead pipe, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Zinc plates for engraving, gross 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Solder of lead and tin, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Zinc, sheet, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 IRON AND STEEL. 
 
 Ores, iron . . 
 
 Building and industrial material. 
 
 Steel in bars and rods, square, 
 round, or octagonal, net 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Steel in bars and rods, round or 
 octagonal, for mines 
 
 Wire, iron, or steel, diameter from 
 26 to 30, inclusive, Birming- 
 ham measure, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Wire, iron, or steel, diameter not 
 less than 25, Birmingham 
 measure, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Wire, iron, galvanized, for tele- 
 graphs and telephones 
 
 Wire, iron, flat, for book -binding, 
 gross weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 A rtefactos. 
 
 Artefactos no especificados de 
 estano, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Artefactos no especificados, 
 de plomo, peso legal kilo . , 
 
 Artefactos no especiticados de 
 zinc, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Artefactos no especificados de 
 aleaciones de zinc, plomo y 
 estano, peso' legal kilo . . 
 
 Caneria de plomo, peso bruto 
 
 .kilo. 
 
 Planchas de zinc para grabar, 
 peso bruto kilo. 
 
 Soldadura de plomo y estano, 
 peso legal kilo . , 
 
 Zinc laminado, peso bruto, kilo. 
 
 HIERRO Y ACERO. 
 
 Miuerales de hierro. . . 
 
 Material para construcd6n y para 
 la industria. 
 
 Acero en barras cuadradas, ci- 
 lindricas u ochavadas, peso 
 neto kilo. . 
 
 Acero en barras ciliifdricas u 
 ochavadas, para minas 
 
 Alambre de hierro 6 acero, cuyo 
 
 j diametro sea del niimero 26 
 
 I al 30 inclusives, del calibra- 
 
 dor de Birmingham, peso 
 
 bruto kilo . . 
 
 Alambre de hierro 6 acero cuyo 
 diametro no sea menor del 
 numero 25 del calibrador de 
 Birmingham, peso bruto, kilo... 
 
 Alambre de hierro gnlvanizado 
 para telegrafos y telefonos 
 
 Alambre de hierro aplanado 
 para encuadernaci6n, peso 
 bruto. . . .kilo. . 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .26 
 .07 
 .25 
 
 .25 
 .05 
 .05 
 
 .12 
 
 .07 
 
 Free. 
 
 .05 
 
 Free. 
 
 .01 
 
 .10 
 
 Free. 
 
 .01
 
 88 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures 
 
 Mineral substances continued. 
 
 I. METALS continued. 
 IRON AND STEEL continued. 
 
 Building and industrial material 
 continued. 
 
 Wire, iron, for fences, and staples 
 for fastenings 
 
 Stone h'ammers, dies, and shoes, 
 iron or steel 
 
 Plows and plowshares 
 
 Ties, iron, with their rivets, for 
 baling and boxing, and iron 
 wire with clasps, for the same 
 purpose 
 
 Barrels or kegs, iron 
 
 Cable, iron or steel wire, of any 
 diameter 
 
 Pipes and tubing, iron, all di- 
 mensions, tinned or not 
 
 Pipes and tubing, iron, lined 
 with bronze, brass, copper, or 
 white metal, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Spades, scythes, sickles, harrows, 
 rakes, shovels, picks, pitch- 
 forks, hoes, mattocks, and ma- 
 chetes, common, without 
 sheaths, for agricultural uses . 
 
 Crucibles, iron 
 
 Axles and axle boxes, iron or 
 steel, for carriages, gross 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Iron or steel in ingots, filings, or 
 scraps, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Iron, strap, rounded, square, flat, 
 and half-round, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Iron, angle or f> gross weight 
 per- kilogram . . 
 
 Iron, perforated, in sheets, for 
 sieves 
 
 Iron, in sheets, corrugated, and 
 tiles, for roofing, painted or 
 galvanized, or not, gross 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Materias minerales contintia. 
 
 I. METALES continua. 
 
 HIERRO Y ACERO continua. 
 
 Material para construcddn y para 
 la industria continua. 
 
 Alambre de hierro para cercas, 
 y las grampas para fijarlo. . . . 
 
 Almadanetae, dados y zapatas, 
 de hierro 6 acero 
 
 Arados y sus rejas 
 
 Aros de hierro con sus remaches 
 para amarrar bultos y el alam- 
 bre de hierro con broches 
 para el mismo uso 
 
 Barriles de hierro 
 
 Cable de alambre de hierro 6 
 acero de todos gruesos 
 
 Caneria de hierro de todas di- 
 mensiones, aun cuando este 
 estanada 
 
 Caneria de hierro forrada de 
 broace, laton, cobre 6 metal 
 bianco, peso bruto kilo. . 
 
 Coas, guadanas, hoces, rastros, 
 rastrillos, palas, picos, biel- 
 dos, azadas, azadones y ma- 
 chetes ordinal ios sin vaina, 
 para la agricultura 
 
 Crisoles de hierro , 
 
 rfs y bujes de hierro 6 acero 
 para carruajes, peso bruto 
 
 .. kilo.. 
 
 Hierro 6 acero en lingotes, 
 limaduras 6 pedaceria, peso 
 bruto kilo . 
 
 Hierro fleje, redondillo, cua- 
 drado, platina y media cana, 
 peso bruto kilo. . 
 
 Hierro en escuadra y en T> P es o 
 bruto kilo . . 
 
 Hierro en laminas perforadas 
 para tamices 
 
 Hierro en laminas, el estriado 
 y en tejas para techos, aun 
 cuando este pintado 6 galvani- 
 zado, peso bruto kilo. . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Free. 
 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 Free. 
 
 Free. 
 
 .05 
 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 .10 
 
 .03 
 
 .10 
 .03 
 Free. 
 
 .04
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Mineral substances continued. 
 
 I. METALS continued. 
 IRON AND STEEL continued. 
 
 Building and industrial material 
 continued. 
 
 Tin plate in sheets up to 55 centi- 
 meters long by 40 wide, not 
 stamped or painted 
 
 Tin plate in sheets more than 55 
 centimeters long or more than 
 40 wide,' and that stamped, 
 painted, or japanned, of all 
 dimensions, gross weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Springs, steel, for carriages, 
 gross weight. . . .per kilogram. 
 
 Plates, steel, for engraving, pol- 
 ished, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Posts and crosspieces, iron, for 
 telegraphs and telephones 
 
 Kails, iron or steel, switches, 
 plates, frogs, and cross- ties, for 
 railroads 
 
 Beams and rafters, iron, for roofs, 
 gross weight. . . .per kilogram. 
 
 , Manufactured articles. 
 
 Wire, iron or steel, covered with 
 
 cotton, linen, wool, silk, or 
 
 paper, legal weight 
 
 ..per kilogram . , 
 
 Anchors, with or without their 
 
 chains, iron 
 
 Articles not specified, of iron, 
 steel, or tin plate, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Articles not specified, of iron or 
 steel, exceeding 10 kilograms 
 in weight each, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Chains, iron, 'whose links are 
 made of iron not less than No. 
 5, Birmingham measure, in 
 diameter, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Materias minerales contintia. 
 
 I. METALES continua. 
 
 HIEKKO Y ACERO continua. 
 
 Material para construccidn y para 
 la industria continua. 
 
 Hoja de lata en laminas hasta 
 de 55 centimetres de largo por 
 40 centimetres de ancho, que 
 no este estampada iii pintada. . 
 
 Hoja de lata en laminas de mas 
 de 55 centimetres de largo 6 
 de mas de 40 centimetres de 
 ancho, y la estampada, pintada 
 6 charoJada de todas dimen- 
 siones, peso bruto kilo. . 
 
 Muelles de acero para carruajes, 
 peso bruto kilo . . 
 
 Planchas de acero pulidas para 
 grabar, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Postes y cruceros de hierro para 
 telegrafos y telefonos 
 
 Rieles de hierro 6 acero, agujas, 
 tortugas, durmientes y sapos 
 para ferrocarril 
 
 Vigas y viguetas de hierro para 
 techos, peso bruto kilo... 
 
 Artefactos. 
 
 Alambre de hierro 6 acero, cu- 
 bierto con algodon, lino, lana, 
 seda 6 papel, peso legal, .kilo. . 
 
 Anclas para embarcaciones, con 
 sus correspondientes cadenas 
 de hierro 6 sin ellas 
 
 Artefactos de hierro, acero li hoja 
 de lata, no especiticados, peso 
 legal kilo. . 
 
 Artefactos de hierro 6 acero no 
 especiticados, cuando el peso 
 de cada uno exceda de 10 kilo- 
 
 gramos, peso legal kilo.. 
 
 adenas de hierro cuando la 
 cabilla de los eslabones tenga 
 un diametro que no sea menor 
 del numero 5 del calibrador de 
 Birmingham, peso legal, .kilo. . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Free. 
 
 .07 
 .10 
 .05 
 Free. 
 
 Free. 
 .01 
 
 .20 
 
 Free. 
 .25 
 
 .10
 
 90 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measure*. 
 
 Mineral substances continued. 
 
 I. METALS continued. 
 
 IRON AND STEEL continued. 
 
 Manufactured articles continued. 
 
 Masks of iron or steel wire, all 
 
 kinds eacli . . 
 
 Nails, tacks, screws, bolts, nuts, 
 
 and rivets, of iron, legal 
 
 weight .per kilogram. . 
 
 Furniture, iron, all kinds, with 
 
 or without marble tops and 
 
 mirrors, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Wire cloth, iron, all kinds, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Hods, iron or steel, covered, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Other metals. 
 
 Aluminum, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Antimony, metallic, or regulus, 
 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram. . 
 Arsenic, metallic, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Quicksilver 
 
 Cadmium, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Calcium, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Magnesium, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Nickel, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Potassium, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Sodium, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 All other metals not specified, 
 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 II. STONES AND EARTHS. 
 
 Asbestos, in fiber or powdered . . . 
 Clay and sand, common and for 
 
 molding 
 
 Jet, crude, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Materias minerales continfia. 
 
 I. METALES continua. 
 
 HIERRO Y ACERO continua. 
 
 A rtefactos continua. 
 
 Caretas de alambre de hierro 6 
 acero de todas clases . . . pieza . 
 
 Clavos, puntillas, tornillos, 
 pernos, tuercas y remaches de 
 hierro, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Muebles de hierro de todas 
 clases, aun cuando tengan cu- 
 biertas de marmol y espejos, 
 peso bruto kilo. 
 
 Tel a de alambre de hierro de 
 todas clases, peso legal . .kilo. 
 
 Varillas de hierro 6 acero forra- 
 das, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Demds Metalea. 
 Aluminio, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Antimonio metalico 6 regulo, 
 
 peso legal kilo . 
 
 Arsenico metalico, peso legal 
 
 .. kilo. 
 
 Azogue 
 
 Cadmio, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Calcio, peso legal . .kilo." 
 
 Magnesio, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Niquel, peso legal '. . . kilo. 
 
 Potasio, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Sodio, peso legal kilo. , 
 
 Todos los demas met ales no es- 
 pecificados, peso legal. . .kilo. , 
 
 II. PIEDRAS Y TIERRAS. 
 
 Amianto en fibra 6 polvo 
 Arcilla, arena y arenilla . 
 
 Azabache en bruto, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Dollari. 
 
 .20 
 .10 
 .20 
 
 .26 
 
 .28 
 
 .25 
 Free. 
 .25 
 
 1.00 
 
 .25 
 
 .25 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.00 
 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 .2*
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 91 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Mineral substances continued. 
 
 II. STONES AND EARTHS 
 continued. 
 
 Sulphur, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Lime, common, hydraulic, and 
 
 Roman or Portland cement . . . 
 Carbonates of baryta, magnesia, 
 
 or strontium, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Carbonate of lime or Spanish 
 
 white 
 
 Diamonds, cut, in all shapes, un- 
 mounted per carat . 
 
 Emeralds, rubies, and sapphires, 
 
 unmounted per carat . , 
 
 Emery, powder or grain 
 
 Spar, legal w eight per kilo . , 
 
 Mineral coal , 
 
 Marbleand alabasterin the rough, 
 
 in sawn slabs, unpolished, or 
 
 in dust, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Ochers, legal weight. . .per kilo. , 
 
 Flint, gross weight per kilo. 
 
 Peroxide of manganese, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Stone ore of all kinds 
 
 Precious stones, not specified, 
 
 unset hectogram . . 
 
 Pumice stone and lava, in the 
 rough, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Graphite (plumbago), legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Talc, legal weight.. . . .per Uilo. . 
 
 Fire clay, rotten stone, and Trip- 
 oli 
 
 Plaster of Paris and stucco, gross 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Mineral products. 
 
 Oil, mineral, crude, gross weight 
 ... per kilogram . . 
 
 Oil, mineral, refined, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 C'oal tar, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Materias minerales contintia. 
 
 II. PIEDRAS Y TIERRAS 
 
 contimia. 
 
 Azufre, peso bruto kilo . . 
 
 Cal, comiin, hidraiilica y cemento 
 romano 6 Portland 
 
 Carbonates de barita, magnesia 
 6 estronciana, peso legal 
 kilo.. 
 
 Carbonate de cal 6 bianco de 
 Espana 
 
 Diamantes tallados de todas for- 
 mas, no montados. . . quilate . 
 
 Esmeraldas, rubies y zafiros, no 
 montados quilate . , 
 
 Esmeril en polvo 6 en grano 
 
 Espatos, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Hulla 
 
 Marmol y alabastro en bruto, en 
 hojas aserradas sin pulim en- 
 tar 6 en polvo, peso bruto 
 
 ..kilo.. 
 
 Geres, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Pedernal, peso bruto kilo. . 
 
 Peroxide de manganeso, peso 
 
 legal kilo. . 
 
 Piedra mineral de todas clases. . . 
 Piedras preciosas no especifica- 
 
 das, sin montaduras 
 
 hectogramo . . 
 
 Piedra p6mez y lava en bruto, 
 
 peso bruto kilo. . 
 
 Plombagina, peso legal. . . .kilo. . 
 
 Talco, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Tierra refractaria, tierra podrida 
 
 y de tripoli 
 
 Yeso y eituco, peso bruto, kilo . . 
 
 Prodiictos. 
 
 Aceite mineral impuro, peso 
 bruto kilo . . 
 
 Aceite mineral purificado, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Alquitran de hulla, peso bruto 
 
 ,. kilo.. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 ' .01 
 Free. 
 
 .08 
 Free. 
 5.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 Free. 
 
 .08 
 Free. 
 
 .01 
 .08 
 .05 
 
 .03 
 Free. 
 
 10.00 
 .01 
 .08 
 .03 
 
 tree. 
 .10 
 
 .02 
 .10 
 .04
 
 92 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Mineral substances continued. 
 
 H. STONES AND EARTHS 
 continued. 
 
 Mineral products continued. 
 
 Asphaltum, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Wax, mineral, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Coke 
 
 Paraffin, crude, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram. 
 
 Paste, mineral, for polishing, 
 
 legal weight . . .per kilogram. , 
 Vaseline, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Manufactured articles. 
 
 Adobes of raw clay. . .thousand. 
 Paving stones square meter . 
 
 Articles not specified, of alabas- 
 ter or marble, gross weight 
 per kilogram 
 
 Articles of clay, gypsum, or 
 stucco, not specified, gross 
 weight ....... .per kilogram . . 
 
 Articles of lava, not specified, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram. . 
 
 Articles of agate, not specified, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram. . 
 
 Articles of meerschaum, not 
 specified, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Articles of jet, not specified, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Glazed tile (Dutch tiles) 
 
 per thousand. . 
 
 Paraffin candles, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Crucibles, earthen, clay, or 
 plumbago 
 
 Chalk for schools, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Firebrick 
 
 Brick and paving blocks, clay 
 per thousand . . 
 
 Pencils of all kinds, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Materias minerales continoa. 
 
 II. PIEDRAS Y TIERRAS 
 
 continua. 
 
 Productos continua. 
 
 Asfalto, peso bruto kilo. 
 
 Cera mineral, peso bruto. .kilo. 
 Coke. . 
 
 Parafina en marqueta, peso bruto 
 
 kilo. 
 
 Pasta mineral para pulir, peso 
 
 legal kilo , 
 
 Vaselina, peso legal kilo . , 
 
 Artefactos. 
 
 Adobes de arcilla cruda, millar. 
 
 Adoquines de piedra 
 
 metro cuadrado . 
 
 Artefactos de alabastro 6 mar- 
 mol no especiricados, peso 
 bruto kilo. , 
 
 Artefactos de barro, estuco 
 6 yeso no especificados, peso 
 bruto kilo . . 
 
 Artefactos delava, no especifica- 
 dos, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Artefactos de agata, no especifi- 
 cados, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Artefactos de espuma de mar, 
 no especificados, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo.. 
 
 Artefactos de azabache no espe- 
 cificados, peso legal kilo. , 
 
 Azulejos millar. . 
 
 Bujias de parafina, peso bruto 
 . .kilo. 
 
 Jrisoles de tierra, barro 6 gra- 
 
 rito , 
 
 ^is para escuelas, peso legal 
 
 .kilo. . 
 
 Ladrillos de tierra refractaria. . . . 
 Ladrillos y losas de barro 
 
 millar. . 
 
 Lapices de todas clases, peso 
 legal kilo. . 
 
 Dollars. 
 .04 
 .10 
 Free. 
 .10 
 
 ' .10 
 .15 
 
 1.00 
 .03 
 
 .20 
 
 .15 
 .20 
 
 1.75 
 
 1.75 
 
 1.75 
 7.00 
 
 .20 
 
 Free. 
 
 .10 
 
 Free. 
 
 2.50 
 .10
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 93 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Mineral substances continued. 
 
 II. STONES AND EARTHS 
 continued. 
 
 Manufactured articles continued. 
 
 Sand or emery paper or cloth, 
 legal weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Paving slabs, stone 
 
 square meter . . 
 
 Slabs, marble, for floors, up to 40 
 centimeters square, dressed on 
 one side only, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Slabs, marble for floors, of more 
 than 40 centimeters square, 
 dressed on one side only, gross 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Slabs, marble, for furniture, and 
 such as have polished or carved 
 edges, gross weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Grindstones and whetstones, 
 gross weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Mosaics of artificial stone for 
 paving, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Furnaces, enameling, and other 
 small, of fireclay 
 
 M illstones 
 
 Slate slabs, polished on both 
 sides, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Slates for roofing, gross weight 
 per kilogram 
 
 Slates for schools, with or with- 
 out frame, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Slate pencils, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Tiles and pipe for drainage, clay 
 per thousand . 
 
 Chalk for billiard cues, legal 
 weight per kilogram... 
 
 CRYSTAL, GLASS, CROCKERY, AND CRISTAL, 
 PORCELAIN. 
 
 Insulators for telegraphs and tel- 
 ephones 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Materias minerales-continua. 
 
 II. PIEDRAS Y TIERRAS 
 continua. 
 
 A rtefactos continua. 
 
 Lija de vidrio 6 esmeril sobre pa- 
 pel 6 lienzo, peso legal. . .kilo. . 
 
 Losas de piedra para emban- 
 quetado. . . . metro cuadrado. . 
 
 Losas de roarmol para pisos, 
 hasta de 40 centimetres en cua- 
 dro, labradas por &61o una 
 de sus caras, peso bruto. .kilo. 
 
 Losas de mdrmol para pisos de 
 mas de 40 centimetres en cua- 
 dro, labradas por s61o una 
 
 , de sus caras, peso bruto kilo. 
 
 Losas de marmol para muebles, 
 y las que tengan sus cantos 
 pulimentados 6 moldurados, 
 peso bruto kilo . 
 
 Mollejones y piedras de amolar, 
 peso bruto k il o . 
 
 Mosaicos de piedra artificial 
 para pavimento, peso bruto 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Muflas y hornillos de tierra re- 
 f ractaria 
 
 Piedras para molino 
 
 Pizarras en losas pulidas por 
 ambas caras, peso bruto.. kilo. , 
 
 Pizarras en hojas para techos, 
 peso bruto kilo . 
 
 Pizarras para escuelas, aun 
 cuando tengan marco, peso 
 bruto kilo . 
 
 Pizarrines, peso bruto kilo. 
 
 Tejas y tubos de barro para de- 
 sague..... millar. 
 
 Tiza para tacos de billar, peso 
 legal kilo . 
 
 Duties in 
 
 Mexican 
 
 money, 
 
 weights, 
 
 and 
 
 measures. 
 
 VIDRIO, LOZA Y FORCE 
 LAN A. 
 
 Aisladores para telegr af oa 6 tel- 
 efonos. . . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .07 
 .03 
 
 .01 
 .03 
 
 .15 
 05 
 
 .01 
 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 .15 
 .01 
 
 .10 
 .10 
 
 2.56 
 .10 
 
 Free.
 
 94 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Mineral substances -continued. 
 
 II. STONES AND EARTHS 
 ' continued. 
 
 CRYSTAL, GLASS, CROCKEKY, AND 
 
 PORCELAIN continued. 
 
 Articles not specified of crystal, 
 glass, clay, or porcelain, with 
 cloth of silk or containing silk, 
 or with skin, with or without 
 ornaments not of gold, silver, 
 or platinum, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Bottles, of common glass, for 
 ordinary packages of wine, 
 beer, or liquors, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Demijohns, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Mirrors, with frames of brass, 
 zinc, tin, white metal, wood, 
 or pasteboard, up to 30 centi- 
 meters length of side, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Mirrors, etc., up to 75 centime- 
 ters length of side,, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Mirrors, with frame of celluloid, 
 gutta percha, or cloth, not con- 
 taining silk, up to 30 centime- 
 ters length of side, legal 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Mirrors, etc., up to 75 centime- 
 ters length of side, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Mirrors, with frames of cloth of 
 silk or containing silk, skin, 
 or crystal, and those with or- 
 naments of artificial flowers or 
 feathers, up to 30 centimeters 
 length of side, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Mirrors, etc., up to 75 centime- 
 ters length of side, legal weight 
 per kilogram... 
 
 Mirrors, with wooden or brass 
 frame, with or without cloth 
 or crystal, more than 75 centi- 
 meters length *of side, gross 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Mate ri as miner alescon tintta. 
 
 II. PIEDRAS Y TIERRAS 
 
 continua. 
 
 CRISTAL, VIDRIO, LOZA Y POR- 
 
 CELANA contimia. 
 
 Artefactos no especificados de 
 cristal, vidrio, barro 6 porce- 
 lana con tela de seda 6 que 
 contenga scda, 6 con piel, 
 aun cuando tengan adornos 
 que no seau de oro, plata 6 
 platino, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Botellas de vidrio corriente para 
 envases comunes do vino, cer- 
 veza 6 licores, peso bruto 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Damajua*na3 6 garrafones, peso 
 bruto kilo . . 
 
 Espejos con marco de Iat6n, 
 zinc, hoja de lata, metal bian- 
 co, madera 6 carton, hasta de 
 30 centimetres por lado, peso 
 legal kilo . 
 
 Idem, id., id., hasta de 75 cen- 
 timetres por lado, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo.. 
 
 Espejos con marco de celu- 
 loide, gutapercha 6 tela que 
 no contenga seda, hasta de 30 
 centimetres por lado, peso 
 legal kilo . 
 
 Idem, id., id., hasta de 75 cen- 
 timetres por lado, peso legal 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Espejos con marco de tela de 
 seda 6 que contenga seda, de 
 piel 6 cristal, y los que ten- 
 gan adornos de flores artifici- 
 ales 6 plumas hasta de 30 cen- 
 timetres por lado, peso legal 
 kilo 
 
 Idem, id., id., hasta de 75 cen- 
 timetres per lado, peso legal 
 
 . .kilo. . 
 
 Espejos con marco de madera 
 6 Iat6n, aun cuando contenga 
 tela 6 cristal, de mas de 75 
 centimetres por lado, peso 
 bruto . . . kilo . . 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measure. 
 
 DolUrs. 
 
 .60 
 
 .01 
 .03 
 
 .30 
 
 .30 
 .3* 
 
 .40 
 .4ft 
 
 .60
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Mineral substances continued. 
 
 II. STONES AND EARTHS 
 continued. 
 
 RYSTAL, GLASS, CROCKERY, AMD 
 
 PORCELAI y continued. 
 
 Mirrors without frame, up to 30 
 centimeters length of side, le- 
 gal weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Mirrors, etc., up to 75 centime- 
 ters length of side, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Mirrors, etc., more than 75 cen- 
 timeters length of side, gross 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Flasks, jars, and vessels, com- 
 mon earthen, for packing in- 
 dustial products, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Flasks, glass, covered with 
 leather, cane, gutta percha, or 
 common metal, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Lenses, single glass, with handle 
 not of gold, silver, or platinum, 
 legal weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Lenses arid optical glasses, not 
 specified, with mounting not of 
 gold, silver, or platinum, legal 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Crockery and porcelain in articles 
 not specified, gross weight 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Crockery and porcelain in articles 
 not specified, with mountings 
 or settings of copper and its al- 
 loys, not gilded or silver plated, 
 gross weight. . . .per kilogram. . 
 
 Crockery and porcelain in articles 
 not specified, with mountings 
 or settings of common metal, 
 silver plated or gilded, gross 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Glass and crystal in articles not 
 specified, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Materias minerales contintia. 
 
 II. PIEDRAS Y TIERRAS 
 continua. 
 
 CRISTAL, VIDRIO, LOZA Y POR- 
 
 CELANA continua. 
 
 Espejos sin marco, hasta de 30 
 centimetres por lado, peso le- 
 gal kilo.. 
 
 Idem, id., id., hasta de 75 cen- 
 tlmetros por lado, peso bruto 
 kilo 
 
 Espejos sin marco de mas de 75 
 centimetres por lado, peso 
 bruto kilo. . 
 
 Frascos, tarros y vasijas de barro 
 
 comun para envases de pro- 
 
 ductos industrials, peso bruto 
 
 ..kilo.. 
 
 Frascos de vidrio forrados con 
 cuero, bejuco, tela, guta- 
 percha 6 metal ordiuario, peso 
 legal. ... kilo . 
 
 Lentea de un solo vidrio con 
 mango que no sea de oro, 
 plata 6 platino, peso legal 
 
 kilo, 
 
 JLentes y anteojos no especifica- 
 
 j dos, con montaduras que no 
 scan de oro, plata 6 platino, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Loza y porcelana labrada en 
 piezas no especificadas, peso 
 bruto kilo.. 
 
 Loza y porcelana labrada en 
 piezas no especiticadas, con 
 montaduras 6 engastes de 
 cobre 6 sus aleaciones, sin 
 dorar ni platear, peso bruto 
 kilo . . 
 
 Loza y porcelana labrada en 
 piezas no especificadas, con 
 montaduras 6 engastes de 
 metal ordinario plateado 6 
 dorado, peso bruto kilo. . 
 
 Vidrio y cristal labrado en piezas 
 no especificadas, peso bruto 
 
 . .kilo. . 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .20 
 .25 
 .35 
 
 .01 
 .50 
 .40 
 
 1.00 
 .15 
 
 .30 
 
 1.00 
 .20
 
 96 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Mineral substances continued. 
 
 II. STONES AND EARTHS 
 continued. 
 
 CRYSTAL, GLASS, CROCKERY, AND 
 
 PORCELAIN continued. 
 
 Glass and crystal, with mount- 
 ings or settings of copper or its 
 alloys, not gilded or silver 
 plated, gross weight, .per kilo. . 
 
 Glass and crystal, with mountings 
 or settings of common metal, 
 gilded or silver plated, gross 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Panes, glass, up to 1 meter length 
 of side, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Panes, glass, more than 1 meter 
 length of side, gross weight 
 .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Glasses for spectacles and 
 watches, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures 
 
 I. COTTON. 
 
 Spun goods. 
 
 Cord, cotton, not more than 10 
 millimeters in diameter, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Cord, cotton, more than lOmilli- ' 
 meters in diameter, legal weight 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Yarn, cotton, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Thread, cotton, in balls or skeins, 
 including crochet, and smooth 
 for shawls (rebozos), legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Thread, cotton, in spools, up to 
 275 meters 
 per hundred spools . . 
 
 Thread, etc., from 276 to 458 
 meters per 100 spools. . 
 
 Thread, cotton, called crochet, 
 in spools 
 . .per 100 spools of 275 meters . . 
 
 Materias minerales contintia. 
 
 II. PIEDRAS Y TIERRAS 
 
 continua. 
 
 CRISTAL, VIDRIO, LOZA Y POR- 
 
 CELANA contimia. 
 
 Vidrio y cristal labrado en piezas 
 no especih'cadas con montaduras 
 6 engastes de cobre 6 sus alea- 
 ciones,- sin dorar ni platear, 
 peso bruto kilo . . 
 
 Idem, id., id., con montaduras 6 
 engastes de metal ordinario 
 dorado 6 plateado, peso bruto 
 ..kilo.. 
 
 Vidrios pianos hasta de 1 me- 
 tro por lado, peso bruto, kilo. 
 
 Vidrios pianos de mas de 1 me- 
 tro por lado, peso bruto . kilo . 
 
 Vidrios para anteos y para 
 relojes, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Tejidos y sus manufactures- 
 
 I. ALGODON. 
 
 Hilados. 
 
 Cordones de algod6n cuyo dia- 
 metro no exceda de 10 mili- 
 metros, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Cordones de a!goJ6n cuyo dia- 
 metro sea mayor de 10 mili- 
 metros, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Hilaza de algod6n, peso legal 
 kilo. 
 
 Hilo de algod6n en ovillos y 
 madejas, incluso el de cro- 
 chet y el planchado para re- 
 bozos, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Hilo de algod6n en carretes 
 hasta de 275 metros 
 cada 100 carretes . 
 
 Idem, id., id., de 276 hasta 458 
 metros cada 100 carretes . 
 
 Hilo de algocWn denominado de 
 crochet, en carretes .... cada 
 100 carretes de 275 metros 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .30 
 
 1.00 
 
 .20 
 
 .15 
 .50 
 
 1.50 
 
 .15 
 
 .80 
 
 1.20 
 
 1.00 
 2.00 
 
 2.00
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 97 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 
 Mexican 
 
 money, 
 
 weights, 
 
 and 
 
 measures. 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 I. COTTON continued. 
 Spun goods continued. 
 
 Wicking, cotton, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Woven goods. 
 
 Canvas, embroidery, cotton, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Lace and network, cotton, with 
 hexagonal meshes, embroid- 
 ered or not with cotton, linen, 
 wool, or silk, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Lace and net, etc. , with beads of 
 glass, common metal, or paste, 
 legal weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Lace and net, of cotton, with 
 meshes not hexagonal, em- 
 broidered or not with cotton, 
 linen, wool, or silk, legal 
 weight per kilogram. , 
 
 Lace, etc., with beads of glass, 
 common metal, or paste, legal 
 weight per kilogram . , 
 
 Book muslin for binding, legal 
 weight per kilogram. 
 
 Cloth, cotton, raw or white, plain 
 woven, with not more than 30 
 threads of warp and woof per 
 square of 5 millimeters 
 per square meter . 
 
 The same, with more than 30 
 threads per square of 5 milli- 
 meters per square meter. . 
 
 Cloth, cotton, painted, stamped, 
 or dyed, smooth woven, having 
 not more than 30 threads per 
 square of 5 millimeters 
 per square meter. , 
 
 Tejidos y sus manufacturas -Con- 
 
 tinfia. 
 
 i. ALGOD6N continua. 
 Hilados continua. 
 
 Pabilo de algod6n, peso legal 
 
 .. kilo. 
 
 Tejidos. 
 
 Caneva de algodon, peso legal 
 
 . .kilo. 
 
 Encaje y punto de algodon, de 
 malla exagonal, aun cuando 
 este bordado con algodon, 
 lino, lana 6 seda, peso legal 
 
 . . kilo. 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tenga 
 abalorios de vidrio, metal or- 
 dinario 6 pasta, peso legal 
 
 . . kilo . 
 
 Encaje y punto de algod6n, de 
 malla que no sea exagonal, 
 aun cnando este bordado con 
 algoddn, lino, lana 6 seda, 
 peso legal kilo . 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tenga aba- 
 lorios de vidrio.metal ordiD#- 
 rio 6 pasta, peso legal . .kilo. 
 
 Percalina para encuadernaci6n, 
 peso legal . . ; kilo . 
 
 Telas de atgodon crudas 6 blan- 
 cas, de tejido liso, cuando no 
 excedan de 30 hilos de pie y 
 trama en un cuadfado de 5 
 milimetros por lado 
 metro cuadrado . . 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tengan 
 mas de 30 hilos de pie y 
 trama en un cuadrado de 5 
 milimetros por lado 
 metro cuadrado . 
 
 Telas de algodon pintadas, es- 
 tampadas 6 tefiidas, de tejido 
 liso, cuando no excedan de 30 
 hilos de pie y trama en un cua- 
 drado de 5 milimetros por 
 lado. . metro cuadrado. . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .16 
 .60 
 
 6.00 
 4.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 2.00 
 .10 
 
 .09 
 .11 
 
 .12
 
 98 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 I. COTTON continued. 
 Woven goods continued. 
 
 The same, with more than 30 
 threads per square of 5 milli- 
 meters per square meter. 
 
 Cloth, cotton, raw, white, or 
 colored, not smooth woven, 
 open-worked, or embroidered 
 per square meter. 
 
 The same, open-worked or em- 
 broidered with cotton, linen, 
 or other vegetable fiber 
 per square meter. 
 
 Cloth, cotton, all kinds, em- 
 broidered with wool 
 per square meter . 
 
 Cloth, cotton, all kinds, in- 
 woven with any metal not gold 
 or silver, in figures or embroid- 
 ery, legal weight . . . per kilo . 
 
 Cloth, cotton, of all kinds, with 
 mixture of precious metal, in 
 streaks or threads, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 The same, in raised work or 
 
 . figures, woven or embroidered, 
 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram. . 
 
 Manufactures. 
 
 Carpets and rugs of cotton pile 
 on foundation of any vegetable 
 fiber per square meter . . 
 
 Articlesormanufacturesof cotton 
 netting, not specified, with 
 or without small ornaments of 
 any substance except fine 
 metal, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Tassels, cotton, with bobbins of 
 same or other material, legal 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Tassels, cotton, with cords of 
 same material, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANC1A. 
 
 Tejidos y BUS manufacturas con- 
 tinua. 
 
 I. ALGOD6N continua. 
 Tejidos continua. 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tengan 
 mas de 30 hilos de pie y trama 
 en un cuadrado de 5 milime- 
 tros por lado, metro cuadrado . 
 
 Telas de algodon, crudas, blan- 
 cas 6 de colorei, de tejido que 
 no sea liso, calado ni bordado 
 metro cuadrado . 
 
 Idem, id., id., caladas 6 borda- 
 das, con algodon, lino ii otra 
 fibra vegetal, metro cuadrado . 
 
 Telas de algodon de todas 
 clases, bordadas con lana 
 metro cuadrado . 
 
 Telas de algodon, de todas 
 clases, con mezcla de metal 
 que no sea plata u oro, en la- 
 bores 6 dibujos tejidos 6 bor- 
 dados, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Telas de algodon, de todas 
 clases, con mezcla de metal 
 .fino en forma de lluvia 6 
 hilos, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Idem, id., id., en labores 6 dibu- 
 jos, tejidos 6 bordados, peso 
 legal kilo . 
 
 Manufacturas. 
 
 Alfombras y tapetes de rizo 6 de 
 tripe de algodon sobre base 
 de cualquiera fibra vegetal 
 metro cuadrado . , 
 
 Artlculos 6 manufacturas de 
 punto de media de algodon, 
 no especificados, aun cuando 
 contengan pequenos adornos 
 de otra materia que no sea 
 metal fino, peso legal .... kilo . . 
 
 Borlas de algodon aun cuando 
 sus almas sean de otra ma- 
 teria, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Borlas de algodon cuando ten- 
 gan cordones de la misma 
 materia, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Dollars.
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 99 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 I. COTTON continued. 
 
 Manufactures continued. 
 
 Drawers, cotton, for men and 
 boys, legal weight. . ..per kilo. . 
 
 Shirts, cotton, for men and boys, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Shirts, cotton, for men and boys, 
 with front, collar, and cuffs of 
 linen, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Corsets, cotton, with or without 
 ribbons and small ornaments, 
 not of precious metal, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Dress patterns, cotton, with or 
 without ornaments of embroid- 
 ery or lace of cotton or linen, 
 for ladies and girls, legal 
 weight . per kilogram . . 
 
 Dress patterns, cotton, with orna- 
 ments of silk or which contain 
 silk, legal weight. . . .per kilo. . 
 
 Dress patterns, cotton, with skirt 
 
 , or overskirt of lace or knitwork 
 
 of cotton, of all kinds, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Flutings, cotton, with or without 
 laces of cotton, and- small or- 
 naments of silk or imitation 
 gold or silver, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Fringe, galloon, braid, ribbons, 
 and network, cotton, legal 
 weight. per kilogram. . 
 
 Fringe, etc., with bead work of 
 glass, common metal, or paste, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Garters and suspenders, cotton, 
 of all kinds, with or without 
 trimmings, legal weight 
 per kilogram . , 
 
 Tejidos y sus manufacturas con- 
 
 tinua. 
 
 I. ALGOD6N eoiitiiuia. 
 Manufacturas continua. 
 
 Calzoncilloa de tela de algodon 
 para hombres y ninos, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Camisas de tela de algodon para 
 hombres y ninos, peso legal 
 kilo.. 
 
 Camisas de tela de algodon para 
 hombres y ninos, cuando ten- 
 gan pechera, cuello y pufios de 
 lino, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Corses de algodon, aun cuando 
 tengan cintas y pequenos 
 adornos que no sean de metal 
 fino. peso legal .kilo. . 
 
 Cortes de vestidos de tela de al- 
 godon, aun cuando tengan 
 adornos bordados 6 de encaje 
 de algodon 6 lino, para senoras 
 y ninas, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Cortes de vestidos de tela de al- 
 godon, con adornos de tela de 
 seda 6 que contenga seda, peso 
 legal kilo, . 
 
 Cortes de vestidos de tela de al- 
 godon, con falda 6 sobrefalda 
 de encaje 6 punto de algo- 
 don de todas clases, peso 
 legal kilo. . 
 
 Encarrujados de algodon, aun 
 cuando tengan encajes de 
 algodon y pequenos adornos 
 de seda 6 metal falso, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Fleco, galdn, pasamanerfa, espi- 
 guilla, cinta y mallas de algo- 
 don, peso legal . . .kilo . . 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tengan 
 abalorios de vidrio, metal 
 ordinario o pasta, peso legal 
 kilo.. 
 
 Ligas y tirantes de algoddn, de 
 todas clases, con avios 6 sin 
 ellos, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 2.00 
 1.30 
 
 2.00 
 1.25 
 
 1.00 
 2.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 2.50 
 2.00 
 
 1.00 
 .65 
 
 SEP 1 1916 
 
 SCHOOL LIBRARY,
 
 100 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 i. COTTON continued. 
 Manufactures continued. 
 
 Handkerchiefs, cotton, embroid- 
 ered, open-worked or trimmed 
 with lace each. 
 
 Umbrellas, parasols, or sun- 
 shades, cotton each . 
 
 Shirt fronts, collars, and cuffs, 
 cotton, embroidered or open 
 worked, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Shirts, etc., without embroidery 
 or open work, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Shawls (rebozos), cotton and 
 printed, marbled, striped fab- 
 rics, with raised work or figures 
 in imitation of such, up to 26 
 threads per square of 5 milli- 
 meters per square meter. 
 
 Shawls, etc., with more than 26 
 and up to 33 threads per square 
 of 5 millimeters 
 per square meter . 
 
 Shawls, etc., with more than 38 
 threads per square of 5 milli- 
 meters ..... per square meter . 
 
 Elastic of cotton and rubber, 
 more than 4 centimeters wide, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Elastic, etc., not more than 4 
 centimeters wide, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Clothing, ready-made, not speci- 
 fied, and parts for same, when 
 sewed together, of cotton of 
 all sorts .and textures, with or 
 without ornaments of lace or 
 insertions of cotton or linen, 
 ribbons of silk or common 
 metal, for adults and children, 
 legal weight per kilogram . . 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Tejidos y BUS manufacturas con- 
 tin fia. 
 
 i. ALGODdN continua. 
 Manufacturas continua. 
 
 Panuelos de algoddn bordados, 
 calados 6 con guarnicidn de 
 encaje uno. 
 
 Paraguas, sombrillas 6 quita- 
 soles, de algoddn uno . 
 
 Pecheras, cuellos y punos de 
 tela de algoddn, sin bordados 
 ni calados, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Pecheras, cuellos y punos de 
 tela de algoddn, cuando esten 
 bordados 6 calados, peso le- 
 gal kilo . 
 
 Rebozos de algoddn, y los tejidos 
 estampados, jaspeados, lista- 
 dos, con labores 6 dibujos que 
 los imiten, hasta de 26 hilos 
 de pie y trama en un cuadrado 
 de 5 milfmetros por lado 
 metro cuadrado. 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando scan de 
 mas de 26 hasta 38 hilos de pie 
 y trama en un cuadrado de 5 
 milimetros por lado 
 metro cuadrado. 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando scan de mas 
 de 38 hilos de pie y trama en 
 un cuadrado de 5 milimetros 
 por lado metro cuadrado. 
 
 Resorte d elastico de algoddn 
 y hule, de mas 4 centimetros 
 de ancho, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando no exceda 
 de 4 centimetres de ancho, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Etopa hecha no especificada y 
 sns partes sueltas cuando es- 
 ten cosidas. de tela de algoddn 
 de t das clases y tejidos, aun 
 cuando tengan adornos de en- 
 cajes d tiras bordadas de algo- 
 ddn d lino, cintas de seda d 
 metal ordinario, para adultos 
 y nifios, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Dollar*. 
 
 .20 
 .60 
 
 1.50 
 2.00 
 
 1.20 
 
 2.20 
 
 5.00 
 
 .60 
 
 1.00 
 
 2.50
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 101 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 i. COTTON continued. 
 Manufactures continued. 
 
 Clothing, etc. , with ornaments of 
 silk or cloth containing silk, 
 legal weight per kilogram . 
 
 Clothing, etc., with skirts or over- 
 skirts of cotton lace or net- 
 work, legal weight 
 per kilogram . , 
 
 Bands, cotton, open-worked or 
 embroidered with cotton, linen, 
 wool or silk, legal weight 
 per kilogram. 
 
 Bands, etc., with or without 
 beadwork of glass, common 
 metal or paste, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 II. FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER SIM- 
 ILAR VEGETABLE FIBERS. 
 
 Spun goods. 
 
 Cord, flax, or hemp, not more 
 than 10 millimeters in diame- 
 ter, legal weight. .. .per kilo. . 
 
 Cord, etc., more than 10 milli- 
 meters in diameter, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Yarn, flax or hemp, and like 
 fibers, legal weight 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Thread, hemp, raw or colored, 
 fine or common, including 
 slack-twisted, all sizes, in 
 balls, reels, or skeins, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Thread, linen or hemp, white or 
 colored, in spools, legal 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Thread, linen, smooth, for 
 shawls (rebozos), legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Tejidos y sui manufacturas con- 
 
 tinua. 
 
 I. ALGODON continiia. 
 Manufacturas continiia. 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tengan 
 adornos de tela de seda 6 que 
 contengan seda, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tengan 
 faldas 6 sobrefaldas de en- 
 caje 6 punto de algod6n, peso 
 legal kilo . 
 
 Tiras de algodon caladas 6 bor- 
 dadas con algodon, lino, lana 
 6 seda, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Tiras de algod6n caladas 6 bor- 
 dadas con algod6n, lino, lana 
 6 seda cuando tengan abalo- 
 rios de vidrio, metal ordinario 
 6 pasta, peso legal kilo . 
 
 II. LINO, CANAMO Y DEMAS 
 FIBRAS VEGETALES ANALOGAS. 
 
 Hllados. 
 
 Cordones de lino 6 canamo cuyo 
 diametro no exceda de 10 mill- 
 metros, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 [dem, id., id., cuando su diame- 
 tro sea mayor de lOmilimetros, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Eilaza de lino, canamo y demas 
 fibras analogas, peso legal 
 kilo.. 
 
 Elilo de canamo, crudo 6 de co- 
 lor, fino 6 corriente, incluso el 
 de medio tuerce, de todos grue- 
 sos, en ovillos, devanadores y 
 madejas, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 ;tilo de lino o canamo bianco 6 
 de color, en carretes, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Eiilo de lino planchado para re- 
 bozos, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 3.00 
 
 3.00 
 2.00 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.50 
 .15 
 .10 
 
 .12 
 
 1.00 
 1.50
 
 102 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures 
 continued. 
 
 II. FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER SIM- 
 ILAR VEGETABLE FIBERS COnt'd. 
 
 Woven fabrics. 
 
 Canvas, linen or hemp, legal 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Lace and netting, linen, hexa- 
 gonal mesh, with or without 
 embroidery of cotton, linen, 
 wool, or silk, legal weight 
 t per kilogram. . 
 
 Lace, etc., with beadwork of 
 glass, common metal, or paste, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram. . 
 
 Lace and netting, linen, not 
 hexagonal mesh, with or with- 
 out embroidery of cotton, 
 linen, wool, or silk, legal 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Lace, etc., with beadwork of 
 glass, common inetal, or paste, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram . . 
 
 Cloth, linen, hemp, and like 
 fibers, white, brown, or col- 
 ored, smooth- woven, having up 
 to 12 threads per square of 5 
 millimeters square meter. . 
 
 Cloth, etc., having more than 12 
 threads per square of 5 milli- 
 meters square meter . . 
 
 Cloth, etc., of texture not 
 smooth, open-worked, or em- 
 broidered square meter . . 
 
 Cloth, etc., open-worked or em- 
 broidered with cotton or linen 
 square meter.., 
 
 Cloth, etc., embroidered with 
 wool square meter . . 
 
 Cloth, etc., with mixture of imi- 
 tation of precious metal in 
 raised work, woven figures, or 
 embroideries, legal weight. kilo . . 
 
 Tejidos y BUS manufacturas con- 
 
 tintia. 
 
 II. LINO, CANAMO Y DEMAS FIBRAS 
 VEGETALES ANALOGAS cont iinia. 
 
 Tejidos. 
 
 Canevtt de lino 6 canamo, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Encaje y punto de lino, de inalla 
 exagonal, aun cuando este 
 bordado con algodon, lino, 
 lana 6 seda, peso legal . . . kilo . 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tenga 
 abalorios de vidrio, metal or- 
 dinario 6 pasta, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo., 
 
 Encaje y punto de lino, de malla 
 que no sea exagonal, aun 
 cuando este bordado con 
 algodon, lino, lana 6 seda, 
 peso legal kilo . , 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tenga 
 abalorios de vidrio, metal ordi- 
 nario 6 pasta, peso legal.. kilo. . 
 
 Telas de lino, canamo y demits 
 fibras analogas, blancas, tri- 
 guenas 6 de color, de tejido 
 liso, que tengan hasta 12 hilos 
 de pie y trama en un cuadrado 
 de 5 milimetros por lado 
 metro cuadrado . . 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tengan 
 mas de 12 hilos de pie y trama 
 en un cuadrado de 5 milimetros 
 por lado metro cuadrado. . 
 
 Idem, id., id., de tejido que no 
 sea liso, calado ni bordado 
 metro cuadrado . . 
 
 Idem, id., id., caladas 6 borda- 
 
 das con algodon 6 lino 
 
 metro cuadrado . . 
 
 Idem, id., id., bordadas con 
 lana metro cuadrado.. 
 
 Idem, id., id., con mezcla de me- 
 tal falso en labores 6 dibujos 
 tejidos 6 bordados, peso legal 
 . .kilo. . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .60 
 7.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 4.00 
 3.00 
 
 .22 
 
 .32 
 .35 
 
 2.00
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 103 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 II. FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER SIMI- 
 LAR VEGETABLE FIBERS COnt. 
 
 Woven fabrics continued. 
 
 Cloth, etc., with mixture of pre- 
 cious metal, in streaks or 
 threads, legal weight, per kilo. . 
 
 Cloth, etc., with mixture of pre- 
 cious metal in raised work, 
 woven figures or embroidery, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Manufactured articles. 
 
 Carpets and rugs, entirely of 
 hemp, jute, or other like vege- 
 table fiber, of plain or twilled 
 texture, worked or shag 
 square meter . . 
 
 Carpets, etc., with pile 
 
 square meter . . 
 
 Carpets, etc., with fringe or bor-' 
 ders of wool square meter. . 
 
 Articles or manufactures of lin- 
 en stockinet, not specified, 
 with or without small orna- 
 ments of other materials not 
 precious metal, legal weight 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Tassels, linen, hemp, jute, or 
 other like vegetable fiber, with 
 bobbins of same or other ma- 
 terial, legal weight., .per kilo. . 
 
 Tassels, etc., with cords of same 
 material, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Drawers, linen, for men and 
 boys, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Shirts, linen, for men and boys, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram. . 
 
 Corsets, linen or hemp, with or 
 without ribbons and small or- 
 naments not of precious metal, 
 legal weight . per kilogram . , 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Tejidos y sus manufacturas con- 
 tinfia. 
 
 II. LINO, CANAMO Y DEMAS FTBRAS 
 VEGETALES ANALOGAS COnt. 
 
 Tejidos contimia. 
 
 Idem, id., id., con mezcla de 
 metal fino, en forma de lluvia 
 d hilos, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Idem, id., id., con mezcla de 
 metal fino en labores d dibujos 
 tejidos 6 bordados, peso legal 
 . . kilo . . 
 
 Manufacturas. 
 
 Alfombras y tapetes de solo 
 canamo, yute 6 cualquiera otra 
 fibra vegetal analoga, de tejido 
 liso, cruzado, labrado 6 de- 
 rizo metro cuadrado. . 
 
 Alfombras y tapetes de solo ca- 
 namo, yute d cualqiiiera otra 
 fibra vegetal analoga, de tripe 
 metro cuadrado . . 
 
 [dem, id., id., cuando tengan 
 franjas u orillas de lana 
 metro cuadrado. . 
 
 Articulos 6 manufacturas de 
 punto de media de lino no 
 especificados, aun cuando 
 tengan pequenos adornos de 
 otra materia que no sea metal 
 fino, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Borlas de lino, canamo, yute 11 
 otra fibra vegetal analoga, 
 aun cuando sus almas sean de 
 otra materia, peso legal, .kilo. 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tengan 
 cordones de la misma materia, 
 peso legal kilo . 
 
 Calzoncillos de tela de lino para 
 hombres y ninos, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Camisas de tela de lino para hom- 
 bres y ninos, peso legal, .kilo. , 
 
 Corses de lino 6 canamo, aun 
 cuando tengan cintas y peque- 
 nos adornos que no sean de 
 metal fino, peso legal .... kilo . 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 3.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 .25 
 
 .35 
 
 .40 
 
 1.75 
 
 .60 
 1.50 
 
 2.50 
 3.00 
 
 1.25
 
 104 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures . 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 II. FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER SIMI- 
 LAR VEGETABLE FIBERS COnt. 
 
 Manufactured articles contin'd. 
 
 Dress patterns, linen, with or 
 without ornaments of embroid- 
 ery or of cotton or linen lace, 
 for ladies and girls, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Dress patterns, linen, with orna- 
 ments of silk or texture con- 
 taining silk, legal weight 
 , per kilogram . . 
 
 Dress patterns, linen, with skirt 
 or overskirfc of lace or net- 
 ting of cotton or linen, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Ruffles, linen, with or without 
 linen laces and small orna- 
 ments of silk or imitation pre- . 
 cious metal, legal weight, kilo. 
 
 Fringe, galloon, braid, ribbon, 
 and network, linen, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Do., do., do., with beadwork of 
 glass, common metal, or paste, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Garters and suspenders, linen or 
 hemp, all kinds, with or with- 
 out buckles, clasps, etc., legal 
 weight. per kilogram . . 
 
 Handkerchiefs, linen, embroid- 
 ered, open- worked, or trimmed 
 with lace each. . 
 
 Umbrellas, parasols, and sun- 
 shades, linen each . . 
 
 Shirt fronts, collars, and cuffs, 
 linen, without embroidery or 
 open work, legal weight 
 per kilogram 
 
 The same, with embroidery or 
 open work, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Shawls (rebozos), linen, and 
 cloths printed, marked, striped, 
 with figures or raised work 
 
 Tejidos y sus manufactures con- 
 
 tinua. 
 
 II. LINO, CANAMO Y DEMAS FIBRAS 
 VEGETALES ANALOG AS COnt. 
 
 Manufacturas continua. 
 
 Cortes de vestido de tela de lino, 
 aun cuando tengan adornos 
 bordados 6 de encaje de algo- 
 don 6 lino para senoras y 
 ninas, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Cortes de vestido de tela de lino, 
 con adornos de tela de seda 6 
 que contenga seda, peso legal 
 .kilo. 
 
 Cortes de vestido de tela de lino 
 con falda 6 sobrefalda de en- 
 caje d punto de algodon 6 
 lino, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Encarrujados de lino aun cuan- 
 do tengan encajes de lino y 
 pequenos adornos de seda 6 
 rnetal falso, peso legal. . .kilo. 
 
 Fleco, galon, pasamaneria, espi- 
 guilla, cinta y mallas de lino, 
 peso legal kilo . 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tengan 
 abalorios de vidrio, metal or- 
 dinario 6 pasta, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Ligas y tirantes de lino 6 cana- 
 mo, de todas clases, con avios 
 d sin ell os, peso legal . . .kilo 
 
 Panuelos de lino bordados, cala- 
 dos d con guarnicidn de en- 
 caje uno. 
 
 Paraguas, sombrillas y quita- 
 soles de lino uno. 
 
 Pecheras, cuellos y punos de 
 tela de lino sin bordados ni 
 calados, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando eaten bor- 
 dados o calados, peso legal 
 kilo. 
 
 Rebozos de lino, y los tejidos es- 
 tampados, jaspeados, listados, 
 con dibujos 6 labores que los 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1.25 
 2.50 
 2.50 
 
 2.50 
 2.00 
 
 1.00 
 
 I 00 
 
 .40 
 .60 
 
 2.00 
 3.00
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 105 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 
 Mexican 
 
 money, 
 
 weights, 
 
 and 
 
 measures . 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 II. FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER SIMI- 
 LAR VEGETABLE FIBERS COllt. 
 
 Manufactured articles contin'd. 
 
 in imitation of such, up to 26 
 threads per square of 5 milli- 
 meters . square meter. . 
 
 Shawls, etc., more than 26 up 
 to 38 threads per square of 5 
 millimeters square meter . 
 
 Shawls, etc., of more than 38 
 threads per square of 5 milli- 
 meters square meter. , 
 
 Elastic of linen or hemp with rub- 
 ber, more than 4 centimeters 
 wide, legal weight . . . per kilo . , 
 
 Elastics, etc., not more than 4cen 
 timeters wide, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Clothing, made up, or loose parts 
 of same, when sewed together, 
 of linen of all kinds and tex- 
 tures, with or without lace or- 
 naments or insertions, ribbon 
 of silk or common metal, for 
 adults and children, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Clothing, etc., with ornaments of 
 silk or cloth containing silk, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram. 
 
 Clothing, etc., with skirts or 
 overskirts of lace or netting of 
 cotton or linen, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Insertions, linen, open- worked 
 or embroidered with cotton, 
 linen, wool, or silk, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Insertions, linen, with beadwork 
 of glass, common metal, or 
 paste, legal weight . . ..per kilo . 
 
 Tejidos y sus manufacturas con- 
 
 tinfla. 
 
 I. LINO, CANAMO Y DEMAS FIBRAS 
 VEGETALES ANALOGAS COnt. 
 
 Manufacturas contimia. 
 
 imiten, hasta de 26 hilos de 
 pie y trama en un cuadrado de 
 5 millmetros por lado 
 
 metro cuadrado . , 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando scan de 
 mas de 26 hasta 38 hilos de pie 
 y trama en un cuadrado de 
 
 5 miiimetros por lado 
 metro cuadrado . 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando scan de 
 mas de 38 hilos de pie y trama 
 en un cuadrado de 5 milfme- 
 tros por lado.. metro cuadrado. 
 
 Resorte 6 elastico de lino 6 
 cafiamo con hule, de mas de 
 4 centimetres de ancho, peso 
 legal kilo. 
 
 Resorte 6 elastico de lino 6 ca- 
 fiamo con hule, cuando no 
 exceda de 4 centimetres de 
 ancho, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Ropa hecha no especificada y sus 
 partes sueltas cuando vengan 
 cosidas de tela de lino de todas 
 clases y tejidos, aun cuando 
 tengan adornos de encajes 6 
 tiras bortiadas, cintas de seda 6 
 metal ordinario, para adultos y 
 ninos, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tenga 
 adornos de tela de seda 6 que 
 contenga seda, peso legal. kilo. 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tenga 
 faldas 6 sobrefaldas de encaje 
 
 6 punto de algoddn 6 lino, 
 peso legal kilo. 
 
 Tiras de tela de lino caladas 6 
 bordadas con algoddn, lino, 
 lana 6 seda, peso legal. . .kilo. 
 
 Idem, id, id., cuando tengan 
 abalorios de vidrio, metal or- 
 dinario 6 pasta, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 2.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 .60 
 
 1.00 
 
 3.00 
 4.00 
 
 4.00 
 2.50 
 
 1.50
 
 106 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures 
 
 continued. 
 
 III. WOOL. 
 
 Spun goods. 
 
 Cord, woolen, not more than 10 
 millimeters in diameter, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Cord, woolen, more than 10 milli- 
 meters in diameter, legal 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Cord, cotton or hemp covered 
 with wool, not more than 10 
 millimeters in diameter, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 The same, more than 10 mil- 
 limeters in. diameter, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Worsted or thread, wool, with or 
 without mixture of imitation 
 precious metal, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Yarn, wool, legal weight 
 
 ... per kilogram . . 
 
 Woven fabrics. 
 
 Lace and net goods, wool, hex- 
 agonal stitch, with or without 
 embroidery of cotton, linen, 
 wool, silk or imitation precious 
 metal, legal weight, .per kilo. . 
 
 The same with beadwork of 
 glass, common metal, or paste, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Lace and net goods, wool, not 
 hexagonal mesh, with or with- 
 out embroidery of cotton, 
 linen, wool, silk, or imitation 
 precious metal, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 The same, with beadwork of 
 glass, common metal, or paste, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Cloths, wool of all textures, with 
 or without embroidery of wool, 
 cotton, or linen and with or 
 
 Tejidos y sus manufacturas-con- 
 
 tinfia. 
 III. LANA. 
 
 Hilados. 
 
 Cordon de lana cuando su dia- 
 metro no exceda de 10 mili- 
 metros, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Idem, id., cuando su diametro 
 sea mayor de 10 milimetros, 
 peso legal kilo 
 
 Cordon de algoddn 6 canamo 
 forrado con lana, cuando su 
 diametro no exceda de 10 milf- 
 metros, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando su diametro 
 sea mayor de 10 milimetros, 
 peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Estambre 6 hilo de lana,- aun 
 cuando tenga mezcla de metal 
 falso, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Hilaza de lana, peso legal, .kilo. . 
 
 Tejidos. 
 
 Enca je y punto de lana, de malla 
 exagonal, aun cuando este 
 bordado con algoddn, lino, 
 lana, seda 6 metal falso, peso 
 legal kilo. . 
 
 Idem, id. , id. , cuando tenga aba- 
 lorios de vidrio, metal ordi- 
 nario 6 pasta, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Encaje y punto de lana, de malla 
 que no sea exagonal, aun 
 cuando este bordado con 
 algoddn, lino, lana, seda 6 
 metal falso, peso legal. . .kilo. 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tenga aba- 
 lorios de vidrio, metal ordi- 
 nario 6 pasta, peso legal 
 
 . . kilo . . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 3 00 
 1.00 
 
 1.50 
 .50 
 
 1.75 
 1.75 
 
 6.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 Telas de lana de todos tejidos, 
 aun cuando esten bordadas 
 con lana, algoddn d lino, 6
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 107 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures - 
 
 continued. 
 
 ill. WOOL continued. 
 Woven fabrics continued. 
 
 without streaks of silk or imita- 
 tion precious metal, weighing 
 up to 100 grams per square 
 meter, net weight . . . per kilo . . 
 
 Cloths, etc., weighing more than 
 100 and up to 250 grams per 
 square meter, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cloths, etc., weighing more than 
 250 and up to 450 grams per 
 square meter, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cloths, etc. , weighing more than 
 450 and up to 600 grams per 
 square meter, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cloths, etc., weighing more than 
 600 grams per square meter, 
 net weight . . . .per kilogram. . 
 
 Cloths, wool, of all textures, em- 
 broidered with beadwork of 
 glass, imitation precious metal, 
 or paste, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Manufactured articles. 
 
 Carpets, coarse, smooth woven 
 or twilled, or of beaten wool 
 per square meter . . 
 
 Carpets and rugs of wool shag, 
 with warp of hemp or other 
 material. . . .per square meter. . 
 
 Carpets and rugs of wool pile, 
 with warp of hemp or other 
 material. . . per square meter. . 
 
 Carpets of wool, corded, with 
 warp of hemp or other mate- 
 rial per square meter. . 
 
 Tejidos y sus manufacturas con- 
 
 tinfia. 
 
 in. LANA continua. 
 Tejidos continua. 
 
 tengan lluvia de seda 6 metal 
 falso; cuando el metro cua- 
 drado tenga un peso hasta de 
 100 gramos, peso neto. . .kilo.., 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando el metro 
 cuadrado tenga un peso de 
 mas de 100 hasta 250 gramos, 
 peso neto ' kilo . . 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando el metro 
 cuadrado tenga un peso de 
 inas de 250 hasta 450 gramos, 
 peso neto kilo . . 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando el metro 
 cuadrado tenga un peso de 
 mas de 450 hasta 600 gramos, 
 peso neto kilo.. 
 
 Telas de lana de todos tejidos, 
 etc., etc., cuando el metro cua- 
 drado tenga un peso de mas de 
 600 gramos, peso neto. . .kilo. . 
 
 Telas de lana de todos tejidos 
 con bordados de abalorios de 
 vidrio, metal falso 6 pasta, 
 peso neto kilo. . 
 
 Manufacturas. 
 
 Alfombras de jerga de tejido 
 liso 6 cruzado, 6 de lana batida 
 metro cuadrado . . 
 
 Alfombras y tapetes de rizo de 
 lana con pie de caTiamo 6 
 cualquiera otra materia 
 metro cuadrado . . 
 
 Alfombras y tapetes de tripe de 
 lana, con pie de canamo o 
 cualquiera otro materia 
 metro cuadrado. . 
 
 Alfombras de lana acordonada 
 con pie de canamo 6 cual- 
 quiera otra materia 
 
 . . metro cuadrado . . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 2.75 
 
 1.75 
 
 3.00 
 
 2.50 
 
 2.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 .75 
 
 .80 
 
 1.30 
 
 .80
 
 108 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures . 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 in. WOOL continued. 
 Manufactured articles continued. 
 
 Articles or manufactures not spec- 
 ified, of woolen knitwork or 
 worsted, with or without small 
 ornaments of silk or imitation 
 of precious metal, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Tassels, wool, with bobbins of 
 same or other material, legal 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Tassels, wool, with cords of same 
 material, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Drawers, shirts, and undershirts, 
 wool, with or without small 
 ornaments of silk, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Corsets, wool, with or without 
 ribbons and small ornaments, 
 not of precious metal, legal 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Dress patterns, wool, all textures, 
 with or without embroidery of 
 cotton, linen, or wool, orna- 
 ments of cotton, linen, wool, 
 or silk ribbons, for ladies and 
 girls, legal weight. . .per kilo. . 
 
 Dress patterns, wool, all textures, 
 with ornaments of beadwork 
 of glass, common metal, or 
 paste, legal weight, per kilo. . 
 
 Dress patterns, wool, with mix- 
 ture of silk in the texture or 
 in embroideries, with or with- 
 out ornaments of, containing 
 silk, for ladies and girls, legal 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Dress patterns, wool, with mix- 
 ture of silk in the texture or 
 in embroideries, with orna- 
 ments of beadwork of glass, 
 common metal, or paste, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Tejidos y sus manufacturas con- 
 tinua. 
 
 in. LANA continua. 
 Manufacturas continua. 
 
 Artlculos 6 manufacturas de 
 punto de media de lana 6 
 de estambre delana, no especi- 
 ficados, aun cuando ten- 
 gan pequenos adornos de seda 
 6 metal falso, peso legal, .kilo. . 
 
 Borlas de lana, aun cuando las 
 almas sean de otra materia, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Borlas de lana, cuando tengan 
 cordones de la misma materia, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Calzoncillos y camisas interio- 
 res 6 exteriores de tela de 
 lana, aun cuando tengan pe- 
 quefios adornos de seda, peso 
 legal kilo . 
 
 Corses de lana aun cuando ten- 
 gan cintas 6 pequenos ador- 
 nos que no sean de metal fino, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Cortes de vestido de tela de lana 
 de todas clases, aun cuando 
 este bordada con algoddn, lino 
 6 lana, y aun cuando tengan 
 adornos de algoddn, lino, lana 
 d cintas de seda, para senoras 
 y ninas, peso legal kilo . , 
 
 Cortes de vestido de tela de lana 
 de todas clases, cuando ten- 
 gan adornos de abalorios de 
 vidrio, metal ordinario 6 pasta, 
 peso legal kilo. , 
 
 Cortes de vestido de tela de lana 
 con mezcla de seda en el tejido 
 6 en bordados, aun cuando ten- 
 gan adornos de seda 6 que 
 contengan seda, para seno- 
 ras y ninas, peso legal. . .kilo. . 
 
 Cortes de vestido de tela de 
 lana con mezcla de seda en el 
 tejido d en bordados, cuando 
 tengan adornos de abalorios 
 de vidrio, metal ordinario 6 
 pasta, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1.75 
 1.00 
 2.00 
 
 2.00 
 1.25 
 
 2.00 
 
 1.50 
 
 3.50 
 
 2.75
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 109 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties is 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 me a 
 
 es 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 m. WOOL continued. 
 Manufactured articles continued. 
 
 Vests and jackets, wool, stock- 
 inet, legal weight. . . per kilo. 
 
 Ruffles or flu tings, wool, with 
 or without woolen lace and 
 small ornaments of silk or im- 
 itation of precious metal, legal 
 weight per kilogram. 
 
 Felt, wool, weighing up to 350 
 grams per square meter, legal 
 weight per kilogram. 
 
 Felt, wool, weighing more than 
 350 grams per square meter, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . 
 
 Felt, wool, in endless belting for 
 machinery, when imported 
 apart from said machinery, 
 legal weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Felt, wool, in endless belting for 
 machinery, when imported 
 with the machines to which 
 it belongs 
 
 Fringe, galloon, braid, ribbon, 
 and network, wool, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Fringe, etc., with bead work of 
 glass, common metal, or paste, 
 legal weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Gloves, wool, not knit and un- 
 lined, legal weight. . . per kilo. . 
 
 Gloves, etc., lined, legal weight 
 per kilogram . , 
 
 Chenille, wool, with or without 
 imitation of precious metal, le- 
 gal weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Garters and suspenders, wool, all 
 kinds, with or without clasps, 
 buckles, etc., legal weight 
 per kilogram . , 
 
 Tejidos y sus manufacturas con- 
 
 tinfia. 
 
 in. LAN A continua. 
 Manufacturas continua. 
 
 Chalecos y chaquetonesde punto 
 de media de lana, peso legal 
 kilo 
 
 Encarrujados de tela de lana, 
 aim cuando tengan encajes de 
 lana y pequefios adoroos de 
 seda 6 metal falso, peso le- 
 gal kilo. 
 
 Fieltro de lana, cuando el metro 
 cuadrado tenga un peso hasta 
 de 350 gramos, peso legal 
 kilo 
 
 Fieltro, de lana, cuando el metro 
 cuadrado tenga un peso de 
 mds de 350 gramos, peso legal 
 kilo 
 
 Fieltro de lana en banda sin fin 
 para maquinaria, cuando no 
 venga unida & esta, peso le- 
 gal kilo . 
 
 Fieltro de lana en banda sin fin 
 para maquinaria, cuando 
 venga unida a su correspon- 
 dieute maquiaaria 
 
 Fleco, galdn. pasamaneria, es- 
 piguilla, cinta y mallas de 
 laua, peso legal kilo . 
 
 dem, id., id., cuando tengan 
 abalorios de vidrio, metal or- 
 dinario 6 pasta, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo.. 
 
 jfuantes de lana que no scan 
 de pun t<> de media, sin forrar, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 dem. id., id. , cuando esten for- 
 rados. peso legal kilo 
 
 jrusanillo de lana, aun cuando 
 tenga metal falso, peso legal 
 
 kilo. 
 
 igas y tirantes de lana de todas 
 clases, con avios 6 sin ellos, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1.25 
 
 3.00 
 
 1.00 
 
 .25 
 
 .06 
 
 Free. 
 2.50 
 
 1.50 
 
 3.00 
 1.50 
 
 2.50 
 1.30
 
 110 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 in: WOOL continued. 
 Manufactured articles continued. 
 
 Saddlecloths of woolen cloth or 
 felt, with or without leather 
 or common metal, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Umbrellas, parasols, and sun- 
 shades, wool each . . 
 
 Shawls (rebozos), wool and fab- 
 rics, printed, marbled, striped, 
 with figures or raised work in 
 imitation of such, up to 26 
 threads per square of 5 milli- 
 meters square meter . . 
 
 Shawls, etc., having more than 
 26 threads per square of 5 mil- 
 limeters square meter . . 
 
 Elastic, wool and rubber, more 
 than 4 centimeters wide, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Elastic, wool and rubber, not 
 more than 4 centimeters wide, 
 legal weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Clothing, made up, not specified 
 and separate parts of same 
 when imported sewed together, 
 of woolen cloth of any texture, 
 with ornaments of cotton, lin- 
 en, wool, or silk, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Clothing, with ornaments of 
 beadwork of glass, common 
 metal, or paste, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Clothing, made up, not specified, 
 and its separate parts when 
 imported sewed together, of 
 woolen cloth with mixture of 
 silk in the texture or in em- 
 broideries, with ornaments of 
 cotton, linen, wool, or silk 
 ribbon, legal weight, .per kilo. , 
 
 Tejidos y BUS manufacturaa con- 
 
 tintia. 
 
 III. i, ANA continiia. 
 Manufacturas continiia. 
 
 Mantillas de tela de lana 6 de 
 fieltro para albardones, aun 
 cuando tengan cuero y metal 
 ordinario, peso neto kilo. . 
 
 Paraguas, sombrillas y quita- 
 soles de lana uno. . 
 
 Rebozos de lana y los tejidos 
 estampados, jaspeados, lista- 
 dos, con dibujos 6 labores que 
 los imiten, hasta de 26 hilos 
 de pie y trama en un cuadrado 
 de 5 milimetros por lado 
 metro cuadrado . . 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando scan de 
 mas de 26 hilos de pie y trama 
 en un cuadrado de 5 milime- 
 tros por lado 
 metro cuadrado . 
 
 Resorte 6 elastico de lana y hule 
 de mas de 4 centimetres de 
 ancho, peso legal kilo.. 
 
 Resorte 6 elastico de lana y hule, 
 cuando no exceda de 4 centi- 
 metres de ancho, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Ropa hecha no especificada y 
 sus partes sueltas cuando yen 
 gan cosidas, de tela de lana de 
 toda clase de tejido, con ador- 
 nos de algodon, lino, lana 
 d seda, peso legal kilo . , 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tenga ador- 
 nos de abalorios de vidrio, 
 metal ordinario 6 pasta, peso 
 legal kilo. 
 
 Ropa hecha, no especificada, y 
 sus partes sueltas cuando ven- 
 gan cosidas, de tela. de lana 
 con mezclade seda en el tejido 
 6 en bordados, con adornos de 
 algodon, lino, lana d cintas de 
 seda, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 2 00 
 1.00 
 
 1.50 
 
 2.50 
 .80 
 
 1.50 
 
 5.50 
 4.00 
 
 6.00
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 Ill 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures . 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 m. WOOL continued. 
 Manufactured articles continued. 
 
 Clothing, etc., with ornaments 
 of beadwork of glass, common 
 metal, or paste, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Serapes (ponchos), wool, in imita- 
 tion of those of Saltillo worked 
 or printed square meter . . 
 
 Insertions, wool, open- worked or 
 embroidered with cotton, linen, 
 wool, or silk, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Insertions, wool, with beadwork 
 of glass, common metal, or 
 paste, legal weight, .per kilo. . 
 
 Spun goods. 
 
 Cord, silk, net weight.. per kilo. 
 
 Silk, fine, twist or floss, of all 
 kinds, in skeins, balls, reels, 
 or spools, net weight, per kilo . , 
 
 Woven fabrics. 
 
 Blond, lace and nettings, silk, 
 net weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Cloth, silk, all textures, net 
 weight per kilogram . , 
 
 Cloth, silk, for bolting flour 
 
 Manufactured articles. 
 
 Articles or manufactures not 
 specified, of knit work or other 
 texture of silk, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Dress patterns, silk, net weight 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Umbrellas, parasols, and sun- 
 shades, silk each . . 
 
 Tejidos y sus manufacturas con- 
 tinQa. 
 
 III. LANA continna. 
 Manufacturas continua. 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando tenga 
 adornos de abalorios de. vidrio, 
 metal ordinario 6 pasta, peso 
 legal kilo . 
 
 Sarapes de lana imitando los del 
 Saltillo, labrados 6 estampa- 
 dos metro cuadrado . 
 
 Tiras de tela de lana caladas 6 
 bordadas con algoddn, lino, 
 lana 6 seda, peso legal . . . kilo . 
 
 Tiras de tela de lana, cuando 
 tengan abalorios de vidrio, 
 metal ordinario 6 pasta, peso 
 legal kilo . 
 
 Hilados. 
 
 Gordon de seda, peso neto, kilo . . 
 
 Seda pelo, torcida 6 floja, de to- 
 das clases, en madejas, ovi- 
 llos, devanadores 6 carretes, 
 peso neto kilo. . 
 
 Tejidos. 
 
 Blondas, encaje y punto de seda, 
 peso neto kilo . . 
 
 Tela de seda de toda clase de te- 
 jido, peso neto kilo. . 
 
 Tela de seda para tamizar harina . 
 
 Manufacturas. 
 
 Articnlos y manufacturas no es- 
 pecificadas de punto 6 cual- 
 quier otro tejido de seda, peso 
 
 neto kilo . . 
 
 ortes de vestido de tela de se- 
 da, peso neto kilo. . 
 
 Paraguas, soinbrillas y quita- 
 ..uno. . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 5.00 
 8.00 
 3.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 16.00 
 6.00 
 
 16.00 
 
 16.00 
 
 Free. 
 
 16.00 
 
 16.00 
 
 1.75
 
 112 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MKRCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 iv. SILK continued. 
 Manufactured articles continued 
 
 Shawls (rebozos), silk, and fab- 
 rics printed, marbled, striped, 
 with figures or raised work in 
 imitation of such, up to 26 
 threads per square of 5 milli- 
 meters, net weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Shawls, etc., having more than 
 26 and up to 38 threads per 
 square of 5 millimeters, net 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Shawls, etc., having more than 
 38 threads per square of 5 mil- 
 limeters, net weight 
 per kilogram . , 
 
 Clothing, made up, and its sep- 
 arate parts, silk, net weight 
 per kilogram . , 
 
 V. SILK MIXED WITH OTHER 
 MATE11IALS . 
 
 Spun goods. 
 
 Thread, silk, and wool, with or 
 without imitation precious 
 metal, net weight. ...per kilo. 
 
 Woven fabrics. 
 
 Blond, lace, and net of silk, 
 with beadwork of glass, com- 
 mon metal or paste, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cloth, cotton, linen, or wool, 
 with mixture of silk, forming 
 stripes or figures of silk on 
 ground of the other materials, 
 or vice versa, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cloth, cotton, linen, or wool, 
 with mixture of silk which 
 only appears on the surface or 
 right side of the fabric, net 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Tejidos y sus manufacturas-con- 
 
 tinua. 
 
 iv. SEDA contimia. 
 Manufacturas contimia. 
 
 Rebozos de seda y los tejidos 
 estampados, jaspeados, lista- 
 dos, con dibujos 6 labores que 
 los imiten, hasta de 26 hilos 
 de pie y trama en un cuadrado 
 de 5 millmetros por lado, peso 
 neto kilo . . 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando sean de 
 mas de 26 hasta 38 hilos de 
 pie y trama en un cuadrado 
 de 5 milimetros, peso neto 
 kilo.. 
 
 Idem, id., id.', cuando sean de 
 mas de 38 hilos de pie y trama 
 en un cuadrado de 5 milime- 
 tros por lado, peso neto. .kilo. . 
 
 Ropa hecha y sus partes sueltas 
 de tela de seda, peso neto 
 
 .. kilo. 
 
 SEDA CON MEZCLA DE OTRAS 
 MATERIAS. 
 
 Hilados. 
 
 Hilo de seda y lana, aun cuando 
 tenga metal falso, peso neto 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Tejidos. 
 
 Blondas, encaje y punto de seda 
 con abalorio de vidrio, metal 
 ordinario 6 pasta, peso neto 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Telas de algoddn, lino 6 lana 
 con mezcla de seda, formando 
 listaa 6 dibujos de seda sobre 
 fondo de las otras materias 6 
 vice versa, peso neto kilo. . 
 
 Telas de algoddn, lino 6 lana 
 con mezcla de seda, cuando 
 solo esta aparezca en la super- 
 ficie 6 derecho de la tela, peso 
 neto kilo. . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 18.00 
 25.00 
 
 34.00 
 16.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 3.50 
 
 5.00
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 113 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 V. SILK MIXED WITH OTHER MA- 
 TERIALS continued. 
 
 Woven fabrics continued. 
 
 Cloth, silk, with cotton, linen, 
 or wool, and mixture of imita- 
 tion precious metal, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cloth, silk, with mixture of imi- 
 tation precious metal, net 
 weight per kilogram . , 
 
 Cloth, silk, with cotton, wool, or 
 linen, and mixture of precious 
 metal, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cloth, silk, with mixture of 
 precious metal, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Velvet and plush, silk, on ground 
 of cotton, linen, or wool, net 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Velvet and plush, silk, on ground 
 of cotton, linen, or wool, mixed 
 with silk, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Manufactured articles. 
 
 Articles, silk, with mixture of 
 . cotton, linen, or wool, not 
 specified, with or without em- 
 broidery or ornaments not of 
 precious metal, nor beadwork, 
 
 net weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Articles, silk, with mixture of 
 cotton, linen, or wool, not 
 specified, with beadwork of 
 glass, common metal, or paste, 
 net weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Articles, silk, all textures not 
 specified, with beadwork of 
 glass, common metal, or paste, 
 net weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Articles or manufactures of stock- 
 inet of silk with mixture of cot- 
 ton, linen, or wool, not speci- 
 fied, net weight. per kilogram. . 
 
 Tejidos y sns manuf acturas con- 
 
 tinfia. 
 V. SEDA CON MEZCLA DE OTRAS 
 
 MATERIAS continiia. 
 Tejidos continua. 
 
 Telas de seda con algoddn, lana 
 6 lino y mezcla de metal falso, 
 peso neto kilo . 
 
 Telas de seda con mezcla de 
 metal falso, peso neto . . . kilo . 
 
 Telas de seda, con algodon, lana 
 6 lino, con mezcla de metal 
 fino, peso neto kilo . 
 
 Telas de seda con mezcla de 
 metal fino, peso neto .... kilo . 
 
 Terciopelo y felpa de 
 sobre base de algodon, lino 6 
 lana, peso neto kilo . 
 
 Terciopelo y felpa de seda 
 sobre base de algoddu, lino 6 
 lana, con mezcla de seda, peso 
 neto kilo . 
 
 Manuf acturas. . 
 
 Artfculos de seda con mezcla de 
 algodon, lino 6 lana, no especi- 
 ficados, aun cuando tengan 
 bordados 6 adornos que no 
 scan de metal fino, 6 aba- 
 lorios, peso neto kilo 
 
 Articulos de seda con mezcla de 
 algodon, lino d lana, no espe- 
 citicados, cuando tengan aba- 
 lorios de vidrio, metal ordi- 
 nario 6 pasta, peso neto 
 
 . kilo . . 
 
 4rticulos de seda de todas teji- 
 dos, no especificados, con aba- 
 lorios de vidrio, metal ordina- 
 rio 6 pasta, peso neto .... kilo . , 
 
 Articulos 6 manufacturas de 
 punto de media de seda con 
 mezcla de algodon, lino 6 
 lana, no especificados, peso 
 neto . . kilo . , 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 5.50 
 6.50 
 
 10.00 
 16.00 
 
 3.50 
 5.00 
 
 9.00 
 
 8.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 7.00
 
 114 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 
 Mexican 
 
 money, 
 
 weights, 
 
 and 
 
 measures. 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 V. SILK MIXED WITH OTHER MA- 
 TERIALS continued. 
 
 Manufactured articles continued. 
 
 Tassels, silk, -with bobbins of 
 same or other material, net 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Tassels, silk, with cords of same 
 material, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Tassels, silk, with mixture of 
 cotton, linen, or wool, with 
 bobbins of same or other ma- 
 terial, and with or without 
 cords of same mixed materials, 
 net weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Belts, silk or silk mixed, without 
 precious metal, net weight 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Cord, hemp covered with silk, 
 net weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Cord, hemp covered with mixture 
 of silk and cotton, linen or 
 wool, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Corsets, silk, mixed with cotton, 
 linen,* or wool, net weight 
 per kilogram. 
 
 Dress patterns, silk, with orna- 
 ments of beadwork of glass, 
 common metal, or paste, net 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Dress patterns, silk, with mixture 
 of cotton, linen, or wool, with 
 or without embroidery or orna- 
 ments not of precious metal or 
 beadwork, net weight 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Dress patterns, silk, with mixture 
 of cotton, linen, or wool, with 
 beadwork of glass, common 
 metal, or paste, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Linings, silk, with mixture of 
 cotton, linen, or wool, sewed 
 or in cuts, for parasols, um- 
 brellas, and sunshades, net 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Tejidos y sus manufactures con- 
 
 tinua. 
 V. SEDA CON MEZCLA "OE OTRAS 
 
 MATERIAS continua. 
 Manufacturas continiia. 
 
 Borlas de seda, ann cuando sus 
 almas sean de otra materia, 
 peso neto kilo. , 
 
 Borlas de seda, cuando tengan 
 cordones de la misma materia 
 peso neto kilo . . 
 
 Borlas de seda con mezcla de 
 algoddn, lino 6 lana, aun 
 cnando sus almas sean de otra 
 materia, y aun cuando tengan 
 cordones de las mismas ma- 
 terias mezcladas, peso neto 
 
 ..kilo.. 
 
 Cinturones de seda 6 seda 
 mezclada, que no contengan 
 metal fino, peso neto . . . .kilo. 
 
 Cordon de cinamo forrado con 
 seda, peso neto kilo. 
 
 Cordon de cdfiamo forrado con 
 seda mezclada con algoddn, 
 lino 6 lana, peso neto . . kilo . . 
 
 Corses de seda con mezcla de 
 algoddn, lino 6 lana, peso 
 neto kilo 
 
 Cortes de vestido de tela de seda 
 con adornos de abalorios de 
 vidrio, metal ordinario 6 pasta, 
 peso neto kilo . . 
 
 Cortes de vestido de tela de seda 
 con mezcla de algoddn, lino 6 
 lana, aun cuando tengan bor- 
 dados 6 adornos que no sean 
 de metal fino, ni abalorios, 
 peso neto kilo.. 
 
 Cortes de vestido de tela de seda, 
 con mezcla de algoddn, lino 6 
 lana, cuando tengan abalorios 
 de vidrio, metal ordinario 6 
 pasta, peso neto kilo . . 
 
 Forros de seda cou mezcla de 
 algoddn, lino 6 lana, cosidos 
 6 en corte, para sombrillas, 
 paragnas y quitasoles, peso 
 neto kilo.. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 4.00 
 6.00 
 
 2.80 
 
 2.50 
 4.00 
 
 2.80 
 
 3.80 
 
 12.00 
 
 9.00 
 8.00 
 5.00
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 115 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 T. SILK MIXED WITH OTHER MA- 
 TERIALS continued . 
 
 Manufactured articles continued. 
 
 Switches (chignons), silk, with 
 or without mixture of cotton, 
 linen, or wool, and ornaments 
 of imitation precious metal, 
 net weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Ornaments, sacerdotal, silk, with 
 mixture of cotton, linen, or 
 wool, with or without em- 
 broidery or galloons of imita- 
 tion precious metal, legal 
 weight ...per kilogram. . 
 
 Ornaments, sacerdotal, silk, with 
 mixture of cotton, linen, or 
 wool, with embroidery or gal- 
 loons of silver or silver gilded, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram. . 
 
 Ornaments, sacerdotal, silk, with 
 or without embroidery or gal- 
 loons of silver or silver gilded, 
 legal weight. .. .per kilogram. . 
 
 Umbrellas, parasols, and sun- 
 shades, silk, with a mixture of 
 cotton, linen, or wool. ..each. . 
 
 Shawls (rebozos) and textures, 
 printed, marbled, striped, with 
 figures or work in imitation of 
 such, of silk with mixture of 
 cotton, linen, or wool, having 
 up to 26 threads per square of 
 6 millimeters, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Shawls, etc., with more than 26 
 and up to 38 threads per square 
 of 5 millimeters, net weight 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Shawls, etc., with more than 38 
 threads per square of 5 millime- 
 ters, net weight, per kilogram. . 
 
 Tejidos y BUS manufacturas con- 
 
 tinfia. 
 
 V. SEDA CON MEZCLA DE OTRAS 
 
 MATERIAS continua. 
 Manufacturas continua. 
 
 Monos de seda, aun cuando 
 tengan mezcla de algodon, lino, 
 6 lana, y adornos de metal 
 falso, peso neto kilo. . 
 
 Ornamentos sacerdotales de 
 tejido de seda con mezcla de 
 algodon, lino 6 lana, aun cuan- 
 do tengan bordados 6 galones 
 de metal falso, peso legal 
 
 . . kilo . 
 
 Ornamentos sacerdotales de 
 tejido de seda con mezcla de 
 algodon, lino 6 lana, cuando 
 tengan bordados 6 galones de 
 plata 6 plata dorada, peso le- 
 gal kilo . 
 
 Ornamentos sacerdotales de 
 tela de seda, aun cuando ten- 
 gan bordados 6 galones de 
 plata 6 plata dorada, peso 
 legal kilo. , 
 
 Paraguas, sombrillas y qnita- 
 soles de seda con mezcla de 
 algodon, lino 6 lana uno . . 
 
 Rebozos y los tejidos estampa- 
 dos, jaspeados, listados, con 
 dibujos 6 labores que los imi- 
 ten, de seda con mezcla de 
 algodon, lino 6 lana, hasta de 
 26 hilos de pie y trama en un 
 cuadrado de 5 milimetros por 
 lado, peso neto kilo . , 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando sean de 
 mas de 26 hasta de 38 hilos de 
 pie y trama en un cuadrado de 
 5 milimetros por lado, peso 
 neto kilo.. 
 
 Idem, id., id., cuando sean de 
 mas de 38 hilos de pie y trama 
 en un cuadrado de 5 milime- 
 tros por lado, peso neto. .kilo. , 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 5.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 20.00 
 1.75 
 
 9.00 
 
 14.00 
 
 23.00
 
 116 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Cloths and their manufactures- 
 continued. 
 
 \T. SILK MIXED WITH OTHER MA- 
 TERIALS continued. 
 
 Manufactured articles continued. 
 
 Elastic, silk and rubber, with 
 mixture of cotton, linen, or 
 wool, more than 4 centimeters 
 wide, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Elastic, silk and rubber, with 
 mixture of cotton, linen, or 
 wool, not more than 4 centime- 
 ters wide, legal weight 
 .per kilogram. . 
 
 Clothing made up, not specified, 
 and the parts of same, of silk, 
 with beadwork of glass, com- 
 mon metal, or paste, net 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Clothing, made up, not specified, 
 and parts of same, of silk 
 mixed with cotton, linen, or 
 wool, in the texture or in em- 
 broidery, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Clothing, made up, not specified, 
 and parts of same, of talk 
 mixed with cotton, linen, or 
 wool, in the texture or in em- 
 broidery, with beadwork of 
 glass, common metal, or paste, 
 net weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Serapes (ponchos), in imitation 
 of those of Saltillo, embroid- 
 ered or printed, of silk mixed 
 with cotton, wool, or linen, 
 net weight per kilogram 
 
 Chemical products and phar- 
 maceutical preparations. 
 
 Oil of aniline, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Acetates of alumina, ammonia, 
 lime, copper, iron, and lead, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Acid, arsenious 
 
 Tejidos y sus manufacturas con- 
 
 tinua. 
 V. SEDA CON MEZCLA DE OTRAS 
 
 MATERIAS coutinua. 
 Manufacturas continua. 
 
 Resorte 6 elastico de hule y seda 
 pura con mezcla de algoddn.lino 
 6 lana, de mas de 4 centime- 
 tres de ancho, peso legal, kilo. . 
 
 Resorte 6 elastico de hule y seda 
 pnra 6 con mezcla de algodon, 
 lino 6 lana, cuando no exceda 
 de 4 centimetres de ancho, 
 peso legal kilo. 
 
 Ropa hecha no especificada y 
 sus partes sueltas, de tela de 
 seda, con abalorios de vidrio, 
 metal ordinario 6 pasta, peso 
 neto kilo . 
 
 Ropa hecha no especificada y 
 sus partes sueltas, de tela de 
 seda con mezcla de algodon, 
 lino 6 lana, en el tejido 6 
 en bordados, peso neto. . .kilo... 
 
 Ropa hecha no especificada y sus 
 partes sueltas, de tela de seda 
 con mezcla de algodon, lino 
 6 lana, en el tejido 6 en bor- 
 dado, cuando tengan abalo- 
 rios de vidrio, metal ordina- 
 rio 6 pasta, peso neto .... kilo . . 
 
 Sarapes imitando los del Sal- 
 tillo, labrados 6 estampados, 
 de seda con mezcla de algo- 
 don, lana o lino, peso neto 
 
 kilo.. 
 
 Productos quimicos y farma 
 ceuticos. 
 
 Aceite de anilina, peso bruto 
 kilo.. 
 
 Acetates de alumina, amoniaco, 
 cal, cobre, hierro y plomo, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Acido arsenioso 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1.00 
 
 3.06 
 
 12.00 
 
 9.00 
 
 8.00 
 
 13.50 
 
 .07 
 
 .08 
 
 Free.
 
 TABIFF. 
 
 117 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 
 i and 
 measures. 
 
 Chemical products and pharmaceu- 
 tical preparations continued. 
 
 Acids, carbonic, hydrochloric 
 (muriatic), sulphuric, and sul- 
 phurous, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Acids, acetic, nitric, oxalic, and 
 pyroligneous, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Acid, phenic (carbolic) 
 
 Acids, liquid, not specified, legal 
 weight per kilogram. 
 
 Acids, crystals or powder, not 
 specified, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Sizing for cloths, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Waters, aromatic, distilled, not 
 spirituous, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Alkaloids, natural, not specified, 
 and their salts, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Alcohol or spirits of wine, net 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Alcohol, amylic and methylic 
 (wood spirit), legal weight 
 per kilogram.. 
 
 Alizarine, natural or artificial, 
 gross weight. . ..per kilogram. . 
 
 Cotton, antiseptic, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Ammonia, liquid or concrete, 
 gross weight .... per kilogram . 
 
 Anthracene (anthracine), gross 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Sugar of milk (lactose), legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Sugar, medicinal and aromatic, 
 legal weight. .. .per kilogram.. 
 
 Varnishes, white and colored, le- 
 gal weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Benzine, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Blacking and varnish, paste or 
 liquid, for shoes and harness, 
 legal weight. . .per kilogram. . 
 
 Medicine chests, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Froductos quimicos y farmaceuticos 
 continiia. 
 
 Acidos carbdnico, clorhidrico, 
 sulfurico y sulfuroso, peso 
 bruto kilo . . 
 
 Acidos acetico, nitrico, oxalico 
 y pirolenoso, peso legal kilo.. 
 
 Acido fenico 
 
 Acidos liquidos no especifica- 
 
 dos, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Acidos en cristales 6 en polvo, 
 
 no especificados, peso legal 
 
 kilo.. 
 
 Aderezo para telas, peso legal 
 
 kilo... 
 
 Aguas aromaticas, destiladas, no 
 
 espirituosas, peso legal . . kilo . . 
 
 Alcaloides naturales no especifi- 
 cados y sus sales, peso legal 
 kilo. 
 
 Alcohol 6 espiritu de vino, peso 
 neto kilo. . 
 
 Alcohol amilico y metllico 6 
 espiritu de madera, peso legal 
 kilo. . 
 
 Alizarinas naturales 6 artiticia- 
 les, peso bruto kilo. . 
 
 Algoddn antiseptico, peso legal 
 kilo. . 
 
 Amouiaco liquido 6 concrete, 
 peso bruto kilo . . 
 
 Antraceno, peso bruto kilo.., 
 
 Aziicar de leche, peso legal, kilo . . 
 
 Aziicar medicinal y el aromati- 
 zado, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Barnices blancos y de colores, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Bencina, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Betun y c'narol en pasta 6 liquido 
 para calzado, y guarniciones, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Botiquines, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .03 
 
 .05 
 
 Free. 
 
 .20 
 
 1.00 
 .08 
 
 .50 
 
 S.OO 
 .70 
 
 .20 
 .05 
 .25 
 
 .01 
 .07 
 
 .40 
 
 .50 
 
 .20 
 .10 
 
 .20 
 
 .75
 
 118 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties i 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Chemical products and pharmaceu- 
 tical preparations continued. 
 
 Boxes of chemical reagents, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Capsules, pearls, globules, pel- 
 lets, granules, pills, and com- 
 fits, medicinal, and empty cap- 
 sules of gelatine or paste, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Carbonate and bicarbonate of 
 potash or soda, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cyanide of potassium, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Collodion, common and photo- 
 graphic, of any kind, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Colors, in powder, crystals, or 
 prepared, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Chloral, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Chlorate of potash or soda, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Chloroform, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Chloride of lime, soda, or potash . 
 
 Chloride of gold or platinum, 
 legal weight. . ..per kilogram 
 
 Chloride of zinc and protochlo- 
 ride of tin, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cream of tartar, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Creoline, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Diastase, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Drugs, medicinal and chemical, 
 and pharmaceutical products, 
 not specified, legal weight 
 per kilogram... 
 
 Lint, antiseptic, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Ether, fruit, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Ether, not specified, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Productos qnimicos y farmaceatico 
 
 continda. 
 
 Cajas con reactivos quimicos, 
 peso legal kilo. 
 
 Capsulas perlas, globules, gra- 
 jeas, grdnulos, pildoras y oon- 
 fites medicinales y las cpsulas 
 vacias de gelatina u oblea, 
 peso legal kilo. 
 
 Carbonato y bicarbonate de po- 
 tasa y de sosa, peso legal, kilo . 
 
 Cianuro de potasio, peso legal 
 kilo. 
 
 Colodidn normal y el fotogrdfico 
 de cualquiera formula, peso 
 legal kilo. 
 
 Colores en polvo, en cristales 6 
 preparados, peso bruto . . kilo . 
 
 Cloral, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Clorato de potasa 6 de sosa, 
 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Cloroformo, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Cloruros de cal, sosa y potasa. . . . 
 Cloruros de oro y de platino, 
 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Cloruro de zinc y protocloruro 
 
 de estano, peso pruto. . . .kilo. . 
 
 Cremor tartaro, peso legal.. kilo. . 
 
 Creolina, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Diastasa, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Drogas, medicinales y productos 
 quimicos y farmaceuticos no 
 especificados, peso legal, kilo.. 
 
 Estopa ahtiseptica, peso legal 
 
 kilo.. 
 
 Eter de f rutas, peso legal . . kilo . . 
 
 Eter no especificado, peso legal 
 ..kilo.. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1.00 
 
 .75 
 .03 
 
 .08 
 
 1.00 
 
 .08 
 
 1.00 
 
 .06 
 1.00 
 
 Free. 
 
 16.00 
 
 .01 
 
 .10 
 
 .03 
 
 1.00 
 
 .75 
 
 .03 
 .75 
 
 .20
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 119 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Chemical products and pharmaceu- 
 tical preparations continued. 
 
 Extracts of dyewoods, gross 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Phosphorus, white or red, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Matches and tapers, all kinds, 
 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 Oum, liquid (mucilage), for offi- 
 ces, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Hyposulphite of soda 
 
 Soaps, medicinal, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Lyes, concentrated, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Yeast of all kinds, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Morphine and its salts, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 itrate of silver, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Orchil, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Plasters and plaster cloths, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Pastes, pastilles, and jellies, me- 
 dicinal, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Pepsin, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Permanganate of potash 
 
 Plates, dry, photographers', legal 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Powders, medicinal, compound, 
 
 legal weight . . . per kilogram . . 
 
 Putty, tin 
 
 Quinine and other alkaloids of 
 
 cinchona, net weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Salt, common or table, gross 
 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Salt of aniline, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Salts of strontium and baryta, 
 
 legal weight. . . per kilogram . 
 Salts and oxides of all sub- 
 stances, not specified, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Productos quiinicos y farmaceuticos 
 continua. 
 
 Extractos de maderas tintdreas, 
 
 peso brnto kilo. 
 
 Fdsforo bianco y el rojo, peso 
 
 legal kilo. , 
 
 Fdsf oros y cerillos de t o d a s 
 
 clases, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Goma liquida para oficinas, peso 
 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Hiposulfito de sosa 
 
 Jabones medicinales, peso le- 
 gal kilo . . 
 
 Lejias concentradas, peso bruto 
 kilo 
 
 Levadura de todas clases, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Morfina y sus sales, peso legal 
 kilo. 
 
 Nitrato de plata, peso legal 
 
 . . kilo . . 
 
 Orchilla, peso bruto kilo. . 
 
 Parches y telas emplasticas, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Pastas, pastillas y jaleas medici- 
 nales, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Pepsina, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Permanganate de potasa 
 
 Placas secas fotogrdficas, peso 
 
 legal kilo . , 
 
 Polvos medicinales compuestos, 
 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Potea de estafio 
 
 Quinina y demas alcaloides de las 
 
 quiiias, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Sal comuh d de mesa, peso 
 
 bruto kilo.., 
 
 Sal de anilina, peso bruto . . kilo . . 
 
 Sales de estronciana y de barita, 
 peso legal kilo. 
 
 Sales y dxidos de todas sustan- 
 cias, no especificados, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .05 
 .50 
 
 1.50 
 .30 
 Free. 
 .40 
 .03 
 .05 
 
 6.00 
 
 8.00 
 .05 
 
 .50 
 
 .75 
 
 1.00 
 
 Free. 
 
 .30 
 
 .30 
 
 Free. 
 
 1.00 
 
 .03 
 .07 
 
 .08 
 .15
 
 120 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Chemical products and pharmaceu- 
 tical preparations continued. 
 
 Productos quimicos y farmaceuticos 
 
 continua. 
 
 Saltpeter or nitrates of potash 
 
 soda 
 
 Silicates of soda or potash, gross 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Soda and potash, caustic, gross 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Sulphates of copper, iron, and 
 
 ammonia 
 
 Sulphates of soda and magnesia, 
 
 legal weight. . ..per kilogram. . 
 Sulphite, bisulphite, and trisul- 
 
 phite of lime and of soda 
 
 Sulpho-oleine, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Sulphide of carbon, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Tablets or pastilles, hypodermic, 
 
 of alkaloids, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Tartar, crude, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Ink, writing, in common pack- 
 ages, gross wtight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Poison for hides 
 
 Wines, medicinal, net weight 
 
 , . . per kilogram . . 
 
 Iodine, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 lodoform, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram 
 
 Spirituous beverages, fer- 
 mented and natural. 
 
 Spirits of all kinds, in glass or 
 earthen ware, no allowance for 
 leakage or breakage, net 
 weight per pound. 
 
 Spirits of all kinds, in wood, no 
 allowance for leakage or break- 
 age, gross weight, .per pound. . 
 
 Waters, mineral, natural or arti- 
 ficial, legal weight. . .per kilo. . 
 
 Beer and cider, bottled, no allow- 
 ance for leakage or breakage, 
 net weight per kilogram. . 
 
 or Salitre 6 nitrato de potasa y de 
 sosa , 
 
 Silicatos de sosa y de potasa, pe- 
 so bruto kilo.. 
 
 Sosa y potasa causticas, peso 
 bruto kilo. . 
 
 Sulfatos de cobre, hierro y amo- 
 niaco 
 
 Sulfatos de sosa y de magnesia, 
 peso legal kilo. , 
 
 Sulfito, bisulfito y trisulfito de 
 cal y de sosa 
 
 Sulfo-oleina, peso bruto kilo. 
 
 Sulfuro de carbono, peso legal 
 kilo., 
 
 Tablillas 6 pastillas hipoder mi- 
 cas de alcaloides, peso legal 
 kilo.. 
 
 Tartaro crudo, peso bruto. .kilo. . 
 
 Tinta para escribir, en envases 
 comunes, peso bruto. .... kilo. . 
 
 Veneno para pieles 
 
 Vinos medicinales, peso neto 
 
 kilo., 
 
 Yodo, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Free. 
 .03 
 .03 
 
 Free. 
 .03 
 
 Free. 
 .07 
 
 .10 
 
 8.00 
 .08 
 
 .08 
 
 Free. 
 
 .25 
 1.00 
 
 Yodof ormo, peso legal kilo . . j 1 . 50 
 
 Bebidas espirituosas, fermenta 
 das y naturales. 
 
 Aguardientes de todas clases, en 
 vasijerla de barro 6 vidrio, sin 
 abono de mermas ni roturas, 
 peso neto kilo . . 50 
 
 Aguardientes de todas clases en 
 vasijeria de madera, sin abono 
 de mermas ni roturas, peso 
 bruto kilo.. .30 
 
 Aguas minerales, naturales 6 ar- 
 tificiales, peso legal kilo. . .05 
 
 Cerveza y cidra en botellas, sin 
 abono de mermas ni roturas, 
 peso neto kilo . . ' .20
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 121 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Spirituous beverages, fermented and 
 natural continued. 
 
 Beer and cider in barrels, no al- 
 lowance for leakage or break- 
 age, gross weight . . . .per kilo . . 
 
 Bitters of all kinds, no allowance 
 for leakage or breakage, net 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Liquors (liqueurs), of every kind, 
 in earthen, glass, or wood, no 
 allowance for leakage or break- 
 age, net weight.. per kilogram . . 
 
 Vinegar in wood, no allowance for 
 leakage or breakage, net weight 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Vinegar in glass, no allowance 
 for leakage or breakage, net 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Wine, red or white, in wood, 
 gross weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Wine, red or white, in glass, net 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Paper and its applications- 
 
 I. WASTE AND PULP FOR PAPER- 
 MAKING. 
 
 Paper waste and clippings, and 
 pressed pulps for paper- 
 making, of fibers of cotton, 
 flax, hemp, straw, broom-grass, 
 or wood . . 
 
 Bebidas espirituosas, fermentadas y 
 naturales contintia. 
 
 Cerveza y cidra en barril, sin 
 abono de mermas ni roturas, 
 
 peso bruto kilo . . 
 
 otas amargas y bitter de todas 
 clases, sin abono de mermas 
 ni roturas, peso neto kilo . . 
 
 Licores de toda clase en vasi- 
 jeria de loza, vidrio 6 madera, 
 sin abono de mermas ni ro- 
 turas, peso neto kilo . . 
 
 Vinagre en vasijeria de madera, 
 sin abono de mermas ni rotu- 
 ras, peso neto kilo . . 
 
 Vinagre en vasijeria de vidrio, 
 sin abono de mermas ni ro- 
 turas, peso neto kilo . . 
 
 Vino tinto y bianco en vasijeria 
 de madera, peso bruto. . .kilo. . 
 
 Vino tinto y bianco en vasijeria 
 de vidrio, peso neto. . . . .kilo. . 
 
 Papel y sus aplicaciones. 
 
 I. DESECHOS Y PASTAS PARA 
 FABRICACI6N. 
 
 Desechos y recortes de papel 
 y las pastas prensadas para 
 fabricacidn, de fibras de algo- 
 ddn, lino, canamo, paja, es- 
 parto 6 madera 
 
 II. PAPER. 
 
 Paper, unsized, white, or of dyed 
 pulp, legal weight . . . per kilo . 
 
 Paper, half-sized, white or of dyed 
 pulp, legal weight. ...per kilo. 
 
 Paper, sized, white or of dyed 
 pulp, legal weight . . . per kilo . 
 
 Paper, brown and wrapping, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 in. MANUFACTURED PAPER. 
 
 Advertisements, printed, en- 
 graved, or lithographed, on 
 paper or cardboard, without 
 frame, will pay the duty of the 
 respective paper or cardboard. 
 
 II. PAPEL. 
 
 Papel sin cola, bianco 6 de pasta 
 tenida, peso legal kilo. , 
 
 Papel de media cola, bianco 6 
 de pasta tenida, peso legal 
 kilo., 
 
 Papel encolado, bianco 6 de 
 pasta tenida, peso legal . . kilo . 
 
 Papel de estraza, estracilla y 
 para etnpaque, peso legal . kilo . 
 
 III. PAPELES MANUFACTURADOS. 
 
 Anuncios impresos, grabados 6 
 litografiados, pobre papel 6 
 carton, sin marco, causarau el 
 derecho que corresponda al 
 papel d carton en que esten 
 nechos. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .08 
 .30 
 
 .25 
 .06 
 
 .10 
 .10 
 .20 
 
 Free. 
 
 .05 
 
 .10 
 .2* 
 .05
 
 122 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Paper and its applications continued 
 
 III. MANUFACTURED PAPER COU- 
 
 tinued. 
 
 Tickets, printed, engraved, or 
 lithographed, for lotteries, 
 raffles, exhibitions, and rail- 
 roads, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Blanks, printed, engraved, or 
 lithographeH, for bank notes 
 of banks in the Republic, when 
 imported by permission of the 
 Treasury Department 
 
 Blanks for documents printed, 
 engraved, or lithographed, with 
 ruling, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Paper with monogram or heading 
 printed, lithographed, or en- 
 graved, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Paper with cuts printed or en- 
 graved, for books or illustrated 
 periodicals, pay duty accord- 
 ing to class of paper. 
 
 Paper, glazed, painted, marbled, 
 and embossed, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Paper, gilded or silvered on its 
 entire surface, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Paper, tarred or pitched, cloth- 
 lined, impermeable, and parch- 
 ment paper, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Paper, gelatinized or albumin- 
 ized, legal weight .... per kilo . , 
 
 Paper, wall, common, not 
 gilded, silvered, or plush, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Paper, wall, gilded, silvered, or 
 plush in whole or in part, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Paper, wall, combined with cloth 
 or silk, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Paper, tracing, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Papel y sus aplicaciones continfia. 
 
 III. PAPELES MANUFACTURADOS 
 
 continua. 
 
 Billetes impresos, grabados 6 
 litografiados, para loterias, 
 rifas, espectdculos y ferro- 
 carriles, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Esqueletos impresos, grabados 
 6 litografiados para billetes de 
 los bancos establecidos en la 
 republica, cuando la importa- 
 ci6u se haga previo permiso 
 de la Secretaria de Hacienda. . 
 
 Esqueletos para documentos, im- 
 presos, grabados 6 litografia- 
 dos, con claros para escribir 
 peso legal . . 
 
 Papel con monograma, mem- 
 brete 6 encabezamiento im- 
 preso, litografiado 6 grabado, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Papel con estampas impresas 
 6 grabadas, para libros 6 perid- 
 dicos ilustrados, segun la- 
 clase del papel. 
 
 Papel de lustre, el pintado, 
 el jaspeado y el realzado, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Papel dorado 6 plateado en toda 
 su superficie, peso legal . . kilo . . 
 
 Papel embreado 6 alquitranado, 
 el enlienzado, el impermeable 
 y el apergaminado, peso legal 
 kilo.. 
 
 Papel gelatinado 6 albuminado, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Papel ordinario para tapizar, 
 que no sea dorado, plateado 
 ni aterciopelado, peso legal 
 
 . .kilo. . 
 
 Papel para tapizar, dorado, pla- 
 teado 6 aterciopelado, en todo 
 6 en parte, peso legal .... kilo . . 
 
 Papel para tapizar, combinado 
 con tela 6 seda, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo.. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1.00 
 
 Free. 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.00 
 
 Papel para calcar, peso legal 
 ..kilo.. 
 
 .10 
 .20 
 
 .05 
 .30 
 
 .10 
 .20 
 
 .50 
 .10
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 123 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Paper and its applications contin'd 
 
 in. MANUFACTURED PAPER con- 
 tinued. 
 
 Paper, ruled, for documents, 
 letters, accounts, or music, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram. . 
 
 Periodicals of all kinds, and 
 collections of same when un- 
 bound . . 
 
 IV. CARDBOARD. 
 
 Cardboard, Bristol board for 
 visiting cards, including those 
 called "porcelain "and that for 
 playing cards, legal weight 
 per. kilogram . 
 
 Cardboard, common, of all thick- 
 nesses, beaten or in sheets, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram. 
 
 V. MANUFACTURED ARTICLES. 
 
 Fans, cardboard or paper, with- 
 out ribs, with or without cord 
 or tassel, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Fans, cardboard or paper, with 
 feathers, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . , 
 
 Articles not specified, of paper 
 or cardboard, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Articles not specified, of paper or 
 cardboard, covered with silk or 
 skin, with or without ornaments 
 not of gold, silver, or platinum, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Maps and charts 
 
 Pictures without frame, for walls 
 of school rooms 
 
 Drawing and writing books, witb 
 copies, for primary instruction. 
 
 Cuts, printed, engraved, or litho- 
 graphed, oleographs, and paint- 
 ings on paper and cardboard, 
 with or without frame not of 
 precious metal, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Fapel y sus aplicaciones continfia. 
 
 III. PAPELES MANUFACTURAD09 
 
 continiia. 
 
 Papel rayado para docnmentos, 
 cartas, cuentas 6 miisica, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Periddicos de todas clases y sus 
 colecciones, cuando no esten 
 empastados 
 
 IV. CART6N. 
 
 Carton Bristol, cartulinas para 
 tarjetas, incluso las llamadas 
 de porcelana y la cartulina 
 para fabricar naipes, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Cart6n ordinario de todos grue- 
 sos, batido 6 de hojas, peso 
 legal kilo. . 
 
 V. ARTEFACTOS. 
 
 Abanicos de carton 6 papel sin 
 varillas, aun cuando tengan 
 cordon 6 borla, peso legal 
 kilo., 
 
 Abanicos de carton 6 papel, con 
 plumas, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Artefactos no especificados de 
 papel 6 carton, peso legal 
 
 . .kilo. . 
 
 Artefactos no especificados de 
 papel 6 carton, cuando esten 
 forrados con seda 6 piel, aun 
 cuando tengan adornos que no 
 sean de oro, plata 6 platino, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Cartas geograficas, topograficas 
 y nauticas 
 
 Cuadros murales para escuela, 
 sin marco 
 
 Cursos de dibujo y cuadernos de 
 escritura con muestras para la 
 ensenanza primaria 
 
 Estampas impresas, grabadas 6 
 litografiadas, oleografias y pin- 
 turas sobre papel 6 carton, aun 
 cuando tengan marco que no 
 sea de metal fino, peso legal 
 
 . . kilo . . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .30 
 
 Free. 
 
 .25 
 .15 
 
 .25 
 1.00 
 
 .25 
 
 . .66 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 Free. 
 
 .75
 
 124 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 
 Paper and its applications contin'd 
 
 V. MANUFACTURED ARTICLES COH- 
 
 tinued. 
 
 Books, blank or ruled, bound in 
 pasteboard, leather, or muslin, 
 w ith or w i thout corners or clasps 
 not of gold, silver, or platinum, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram. 
 
 Books, printed or blank, bound 
 in velvet, shell, ivory, tortoise, 
 gutta-percha, wood, celluloid, or 
 metal not gold, silver, or plat- 
 inum, legal weight., .per kilo.. 
 
 Books, and music printed or 
 manuscript, unbound 
 
 Books, and music printed or 
 manuscript, bound in boards, 
 leather, or muslin, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Books, and music'printed or man- 
 uscript, bound in boards, 
 leather or muslin, and with 
 corners or clasps of metal not 
 gold, silver, or platinum, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Cards, playing, all kinds, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Bags, paper, even though having 
 an advertisement or heading, 
 will pay the duty of the paper 
 on which they are made. 
 
 Envelopes, common, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Envelopes, of all kinds and sizes, 
 withmonogram, heading, print- 
 ing, lithograph, or engraving, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Cards, visiting, with name or ad- 
 dress lithographed, engraved, 
 or printed, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cards, visiting, without name or 
 address, lithographed, en- 
 graved, or printed, and com- 
 plimentary cards with cuts, 
 engravings, or ornaaenta of 
 cloth, ribbons, or flowers, le- 
 gal weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Fapel y BUS aplicaciones continfia. 
 v. ARTJBFACTOS contim'ia. 
 
 Libros en bianco 6 rayados, con 
 pasta de carton, cuero 6 per- 
 calina, aun cuando tengan can- 
 toneras 6 broches de metal 
 que no sea oro, plata 6 platino, 
 peso legal kilo. , 
 
 Libros impresos 6 en bianco, con 
 pasta de terciopelo, concha, 
 marfil, carey, gutapercha, ma- 
 dera, celuloide 6 metal que no 
 sea oro, plata 6 platino, peso 
 legal ...kilo.. 
 
 Libros y miisica impresa 6 ma- 
 nuscrita a la rustica 
 
 Libros y miisica impresa 6 ma- 
 nuscrita con pasta de carton, 
 cuero 6 percalina, peso bruto 
 kilo 
 
 Libros y musica impresa 6 inanus- 
 crita con pasta de cart6n, 
 cuero 6 percalina y con canto - 
 neras 6 broches de metal que 
 no sea oro, plata 6 platino, 
 peso legal kilo. 
 
 Naipes de todas clases, peso le- 
 gal kilo . 
 
 Sacos 6 bolsas de papel, aun 
 cuando tengan rotulo 6 aviso, 
 cansaran el derecho del papel 
 de que esten hechos. 
 
 Sobres comunes, peso legal 
 
 kilo.. 
 
 Sobres de todas clases y toma- 
 fios, con inonograma, mem- 
 brete, impresi6n, litografia 
 6 grabado, peso legal .... kilo . . 
 
 Tarjetas con nombre 6 direcci6n 
 litografiada, grabada 6 im- 
 presa, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Tarjetas que no tengan nombre 
 6 direccidn litografiada, gra- 
 bada 6 impresa, y las de felici- 
 tacion con estampas, graba- 
 dos 6 adornos de tela, cintas 
 6 flores, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.75 
 Free, 
 
 .03 
 
 .10 
 1.60 
 
 .25 
 
 1.00 
 1.00 
 
 .25
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 125 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weig hts, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Machines and apparatus- 
 
 Apparatus, fire-extinguishing, 
 with as many aa six recharges . 
 
 Apparatus for reproducing man- 
 uscript 
 
 Batteries, electric 
 
 Pumps and turbines 
 
 Globes for incandescent electric 
 light 
 
 Elevators, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Frames for parasoli and umbrel- 
 las not having gold, silver, or 
 platinum handles, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Bellows, hand, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Cranes and diving apparatus 
 
 Tools of all kinds and materials, 
 for workmen (artisans), legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Instruments, scientific, not spec- 
 ified 
 
 Instruments, musical, of all 
 kinds and materials, including 
 their cases, legal weight 
 per kilogram . , 
 
 Toys, automatic, spring, steam, 
 or electric, legal weight 
 per kilogram . , 
 
 Lamps for miners 
 
 Pencil cases, not of gold, silver, 
 or platinum, and their points, 
 legal*weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Piano actions put together, legal 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Engine, steam, and their parts 
 for repairs 
 
 Machinery and apparatus, and 
 their parts for repairs, for man- 
 ufactures, agriculture, mining, 
 and the arts, not intended to 
 be operated by winch, pedal, 
 or lever. . . 
 
 Machinery, etc., when intended 
 to be operated by winch, pedal 
 or lever, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Maquinas y aparatos. 
 
 Aparatos para extinguir incen- 
 dios, hasta con seis cargas de 
 refaccion 
 
 Aparatos para reproducir manus- 
 critos 
 
 Baterias electricas 
 
 Bombas y turbinas 
 
 Bombillas para luz electrica in- 
 candescente 
 
 Elevadores 6 as censor es, peso 
 bruto kilo . 
 
 Esqueletos para sombrillas y 
 paraguas, cuyos mangos no 
 scan de oro, plato 6 platino, 
 peso legal kilo: 
 
 Fuelles de mauo, peso legal 
 ..kilo. 
 
 ruas y escafandras , 
 
 Herramienta de todas clases y 
 materias, para artesanos, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 [nstrumentos para las ciencias, 
 no especificados 
 
 [nstrumentos de musica de todas 
 clases y materias, inclusos sus 
 correspondientes estuches, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Juguetes automaticos de cuer- 
 da, vapor 6 electricidad, peso 
 legal kilo. . 
 
 Lamparas para mineros 
 
 Lapiceros que no sean de oro, 
 plata 6 platino, y sus puntillas, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Maquiuas armadas para pianos, 
 peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Vlaquinas de vapor y sus piezas 
 de refaccion 
 
 Vlaquinas y aparatos y sus paries 
 sueltas 6 piezas de refacci6n, 
 para la industria, la agricultu- 
 ra, la mineria y las artes, 
 cuando no este'n dispuestos 
 para ser movidos por ciguena, 
 pedal 6 palanca 
 
 .dem, id., id., cuando esten 
 dispuestos para ser movidos 
 por ciguena, pedal 6 palanca, 
 peso bruto kilo . , 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 Free. 
 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 Free. 
 
 .01 
 
 .80 
 
 .40 
 
 Free. 
 
 .05 
 
 Free. 
 
 .60 
 
 .60 
 
 Free. 
 
 .20 
 .50 
 
 Free. 
 
 Free. 
 
 .05
 
 126 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Machines and apparatus continued 
 
 Mechanisms for clocks, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Mechanisms for watches, repeat- 
 ing each . . 
 
 Mechanisms tor watches, not re- 
 peating each . . 
 
 Pile drivers 
 
 Lightning rods, all kinds, with 
 their respective conductors 
 and insulators. . . 
 
 Presses, printing or lithograph- 
 ing, type, vignettes, stones, 
 and other special articles, not 
 specified 
 
 Clocks for towers and public 
 buildings 
 
 Clocks, house, all kinds, with or 
 without small ornaments of 
 common metal, legal weight 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Watches, gold, or gold-plated, re- 
 peaters, with or without pre- 
 cious stones each . . 
 
 Watches, gold or gold-plated, 
 with or without precious 
 stones, not repeaters .... each . , 
 
 Watches, silver or other mate- 
 rial, not gold, repeaters, .each . 
 
 Watches, silver or other mate- 
 rial, except gold, not repeaters 
 . . . each . . 
 
 Vehicles- 
 
 Carts, wagons, drays, cars, with- 
 out springs, for loads, gross 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Carts, etc., with springs, for 
 loads, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Handcarts and wheelbarrows, 
 gross weight. per kilogram. . 
 
 Cars, railway, all kinds 
 
 Maquinas y aparatos continua. 
 
 Maquinas para reloj de pared 
 6 mesa, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Maquinas para reloj de bolsillo, 
 con repetici6n una . 
 
 Maquinas para reloj de bol- 
 sillo, sin repetici6n una. 
 
 Martinetes para clavar estacas. . 
 
 Pararrayos de todas clases, in- 
 cluso sus correspondientes 
 conductores y aisl adores 
 
 Prensas para imprenta y lito- 
 grafia, letra, vinetas, piedras y 
 demas utilts especiales no 
 especificados 
 
 Reloj es para torres y edificios 
 publicos 
 
 Relojes para mesa 6 pared, de to- 
 das clases, aun cuando teugan 
 pequenos adornos de metal 
 ordinario, peso legal kilo. 
 
 Relojes para bolsillo de oro 6 
 chapeados de oro, aun cuando 
 tengan piedras preciosas, sien- 
 do de repetici6n uno . , 
 
 Relnjes para bolsillo de oro 6 
 chapeados de oro, aun cuando 
 tengan pied ras preciosas, 
 cuando no scan de repetici6n 
 
 Relojes para bolsillo, de plata 
 otras materias, excepto oro, 
 siendo de repetici6n uno. 
 
 Relojes para bolsillo, <Je plata u 
 otras materias excepto oro, no 
 siendo de repeticion uno. . 
 
 Vehiculos. 
 
 !arretas, carretones y carros, 
 sin muelles, para carga, peso 
 bruto kilo 
 
 Idem, id., id., con muelles, para 
 carga, peso bruto kilo . . 
 
 Carretillas de una 6 dos ruedas, 
 
 peso bruto kilo . . 
 
 arros y coches de todas clases 
 para camiuo de hierro 
 
 Dollart, 
 
 .60 
 5.0O 
 
 1.00 
 Free. 
 
 Free, 
 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 .75 
 14.00 
 
 7. (XX 
 
 5.00 
 
 
 1.00 
 
 .06 
 .08 
 
 .01 
 Free.
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 127 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE: 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Vehicles continued. 
 
 Carriages of all kinds, not spec- 
 ified, weighing not more than 
 100 kilograms, net weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Carriages, etc., weighing more 
 than 100 and not more than 
 250 kilograms, net weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Carriages, etc., weighing more 
 than 250 and not more than 
 500 kilograms, net weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Carriages, etc., weighing more 
 than 500 and not more than 
 750 kilograms, net weight 
 per kilogram.. 
 
 Carriages, etc., weighing more 
 than 750 and not more than 
 1,000 kilograms, net weight 
 per kilogram . , 
 
 Carriages, etc., weighing more 
 than 1,000 kilograms, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Carriages, unfinished, without 
 trimmings and unpainted, 
 weighing not more than 1,000 
 kilograms, net weight.per kilo . . 
 
 The same, weighing more than 
 100 and not more than 250 
 kilograms, net weight, per kilo . . 
 
 The same, weighing more than 
 250 and not more than 500 kil- 
 ograms, net weight, .per kilo. . 
 
 The same, weighing more than 
 500 and not more than 750 kil- 
 ograms, net weight. . per kilo. . 
 
 The same, weighing more than 
 750 and not more than 1,000 
 kilograms.net weight, per kilo. . 
 
 The same, weighing more than 
 1,000 kilograms, net weight 
 per kilogram. . 
 
 Carriages, all kinds, small, for 
 children, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Stage-coaches, omnibuses, and 
 covered wagons of all kinds, 
 without springs, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 VehiculOS continua. 
 
 Carruajes de todas clases no 
 especificados, cuando su peso 
 no exceda de 100 ki!6gramos, 
 peso neto kilo . 
 
 Carruajes de todas clases no es- 
 pecihcados, ouando su peso ex- 
 ceda de 100 y no pase de 250 
 kildgramos, peso neto. .. .kilo. 
 
 tdem, id., id., cuando su peso 
 exceda de 250 y no pase de 
 500 kildgramos, peso neto 
 kilo. 
 
 [dem, id., id., cuando su peso 
 exceda de 5(JO y no pase de 750 
 kildgramos, peso neto.. .kilo. 
 
 .dem, id., id., cuando su peso 
 exceda de 750 y no pase de 
 1,000 kildgramos, peso neto 
 kilo. 
 
 dem, id., id., cuando su peso 
 exceda de 1,000 kildgramos, 
 peso neto kilo. 
 
 Carruajes en bianco, sin vestir 
 ni pintar, cuando su peso no 
 exceda de 100 kildgramos, 
 peso neto kilo . . 
 
 dem, id., id., cuando su peso 
 exceda de 100 y no pase de 
 250 kildgramos, peso neto 
 
 kilo 
 
 dem, id., id., cuando su peso ex- 
 ceda de 250 y no pase de 500 
 kilogramos, peso neto. ...kilo. . 
 
 dem, id., id., cuando su peso 
 exceda de 500 y no pase de 750 
 kildgramos, peso neto. .. .kilo. . 
 
 dem, id , id., cuando su peso ex- 
 ceda de 750 y no pase de 1,000 
 kildgramos, peso neto. .. .kilo 
 
 dem, id., id., cuando su peso 
 exceda de 1,000 kildgramos, 
 peso neto kilo . . 
 
 arruajes pequeflos de todas 
 clases, para ninos, peso neto 
 kilo.. 
 
 iligencias, dmnibus y guayines 
 de todas clases, sin muelles, 
 peso neto kilo . . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .60= 
 .55- 
 
 .50 
 
 .45 
 
 .40 
 .35 
 
 .30 
 
 .25 
 .20 
 .IS 
 .12 
 .10 
 .30 
 
 .10
 
 128 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Vehicles continued. 
 
 Stage-coaches, omnibuses, and 
 covered wagons of all kinds, 
 with springs, net weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Boats of all kinds and sizes 
 
 Running gear, forepart, for car- 
 riages, gross weight, .per kilo. 
 
 Wheels, separate, for carts, gross 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Wheels, separate, for carriages, 
 gross weight .... per kilogram 
 
 Velocipedes, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Arms and explosives. 
 
 Arms, side, all kinds, and sepa- 
 rate blades for same, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Firearms, repeating and breech- 
 loading, all kinds, and their 
 parts for repairs, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Firearms, not repeating or 
 breech-loading, all kinds and 
 their parts for repairs, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Canes with blade, firearm, or 
 air-gun, with handle not of 
 gold, silver, or platinum, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Cartridges, loaded or unloaded, 
 for firearms, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Caps, pprcussion, for firearms, 
 gross weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Explosive agents for mines 
 
 Dynamite and other explosives 
 
 for mines 
 
 Fireworks, gross weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Slow matches for mines 
 
 Gunpowder, for mines 
 
 Gunpowder, not for mines, gross 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Pyroxiline or gun-cotton 
 
 Air guns and air pistols, legal 
 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 VehlCUloS continua. 
 
 Diligencias, 6mnibus y guayines 
 de todas closes, con muelles, 
 peso neto kilo . 
 
 Embarcaciones de todas clases . . 
 Juegos delanteros para carrua- 
 
 jes, peso bruto kilo . 
 
 Ruedas sueltas para carros, peso 
 
 bruto , . kilo . 
 
 Ruedas sueltas para carruajes, 
 
 peso bruto kilo. 
 
 Velocipedes, peso bruto. .. .kilo. 
 
 Annas y explosives. 
 
 Armas blancas de todas clases 
 y sus hojas sueltas, peso 
 legal kilo . 
 
 Armas de fuego, de repetici6n 
 retrocarga, de todas clases, y 
 sus piezas de refaccion, peso 
 legal kilo . 
 
 Armas de fuego, que no scan de 
 repetici6n 6 retrocarga, de to- 
 das clases, y sus piezas de 
 refaccion, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Bastones con arma blanca, de 
 fuego 6 de viento, cuyo puno 
 no sea de oro, plata 6 platino, 
 
 peso leeal kilo . 
 
 artuchos cargados 6 sin carga, 
 para arnias de fuego, peso 
 bruto kilo . , 
 
 Oapsulas f ulminantes para 
 annas de fuego, peso bruto 
 kilo., 
 
 Detonadores de todas clases para 
 minas 
 
 )inamita y demas explosives 
 para minas 
 
 Tuegos artificiales, peso bruto 
 
 . .kilo.. 
 
 Vfechas y canuelas para minas. . . 
 
 ~'6l vora para minas 
 
 61vora que no sea para minas, 
 
 peso bruto kilo . . 
 
 iroxilina 6 algoddn p6lvora 
 
 istolas y carabinas de viento, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 DoUart. 
 
 .20 
 Free. 
 .60 
 .15 
 
 .60 
 .20 
 
 .75 
 
 1.7 
 
 .50 
 
 2.00 
 .50 
 
 .60 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 .30 
 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 Free. 
 
 .50 
 
 .60
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 129 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Miscellaneous- 
 
 Fans, cloth, without handles, 
 with or without cord and tas- 
 sels, legal weight .... per kilo . 
 
 Oils, lubricating, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Frames of all kinds for hats 
 
 . . each . 
 
 Articles of all materials, not 
 specified, with ornaments, etc., 
 of gold, silver, or platinum, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram. 
 
 Articles not specified, of gutta- 
 p ircha or celluloid, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Articles not specified, for artifi- 
 cial flowers, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Razor-strops of all kinds, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Belting, rubber, for machinery, 
 not imported with the corre- 
 sponding machinery, gross 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Belting, rubber, for machinery, 
 imported with the machines to 
 which they belong 
 
 Belting, machinery, of all kinds, 
 when imported with the corre- 
 sp .nding machines 
 
 Canes, not specified, without 
 ornaments of gold, silver, or 
 platinum, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Balls, billiard, of composition, 
 gutta-percha, or celluloid, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Buttons, covered or woven with 
 silk or cloth containing silk, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Buttons covered with cloth not 
 containing silk, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Brushes, painters', of all kinds, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Caps of all kinds and materials, 
 with or without visar.. . .each . , 
 
 Diversos. 
 
 Abanicos de lienzo, sin varillas, 
 aun cuando tengan cordon y 
 borla, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Aceites para lubricar, peso legal 
 kilo. 
 
 Armazones de todas clases para 
 sombreros una . 
 
 Artefactos de t )das materias, no 
 especiricados, con adornos 6 
 accesorios de oro, plata 6 pla- 
 tino, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Artefactos no especificados de 
 gutapeichay de celuloide, peso 
 legal kilo . 
 
 Artefactos no especificados para 
 flores artificiales, peso legal 
 kilo. 
 
 Asentadores de todas clases 
 para navajas, peso legal, .kilo. 
 
 Bandas de hule para maquina- 
 ria, cuando no vengan en 
 union de sus correspondientes 
 maquinas, peso bruto. ...kilo. , 
 
 Bandas de hule para maquina- 
 ria, cuando vengan en union 
 de las maquinas & que corre- 
 spondan 
 
 Bandas de todas clases para 
 transmision de movimiento, 
 cuando se importea con la 
 correspondiente maquinaria.. . . 
 
 tJastones no especificados que 
 no contengan adornos de oro, 
 plata 6 platino, peso legal 
 kilo. . 
 
 3olas de composicidn, guta 
 percha 6 celuloide, para billar, 
 peso legal kilo . . 
 
 3otones forrados 6 tejidos cou 
 sed* 6 con tela que la cou- 
 tenga, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Botoues forrados con tela que 
 no contenga seda, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo.. 
 
 3rochas y pinceles de todas 
 clases, peso legal kilo. , 
 
 Caehuchas de todas clases y ma- 
 terias, con 6 sin vissra. . .una. , 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .25 
 .06 
 .25 
 
 5.00 
 .40 
 
 1.50 
 .60 
 
 .10 
 
 Free. 
 Free. 
 
 1.25 
 2.0C 
 1.00 
 
 .40 
 .05 
 .50
 
 130 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 measures. 
 
 Miscellaneous continfla. 
 
 Boxes of paints, all kinds, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Baskets, travelers', with table 
 articles, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Tubing, rubber, with cloth or 
 without, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Masks of all kinds except wire. . 
 each . . 
 
 Sieves, bolts, and sifters, of silk, 
 hair, or wire, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Belts, not specified, not contain- 
 ing precious metal, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Cushions, mattresses, and pil- 
 lows, whose covering does not 
 contain silk, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cushions, mattresses, and pil- 
 lows, whose covering contains 
 silk, legal weight per kilo. . 
 
 Collections, numismatical, geo- 
 logical, or of natural history, 
 for museums and cabinets 
 
 Patterns, for t>lippers of all kinds, 
 of cloth not containing silk, 
 legal weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Patterns, for slippers of all kinds, 
 of cloth of silk or containing 
 silk, legal weight . . . .per kilo. . 
 
 Patterns, for gaiters, of cloth not 
 containing silk, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Patterns, for gaiters, of cloth of 
 silk or containing silk, legal 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Window shades of painted cloth, 
 legal weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Brass strings, for musical instru- 
 ments, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Artificial teeth, of all materials, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram. . 
 
 Drawings, molds, models, and 
 patterns, for the arts, gross 
 weight per kilogram. . 
 
 Di verSOS con tintia. 
 
 Cajas de pintura de todas clases, 
 peso legal kilo. 
 
 Canastas de viaje con avios de 
 mesa, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Caneria de hule, ann cuando 
 contenga tela, peso legal 
 
 kilo 
 
 Caretas de todas clases que no 
 scan de alambre una. , 
 
 Cedazos, harneros 6 cribas de 
 seda, cerda, cuero 6 alambre, 
 peso legal kilo. , 
 
 Cintu rones no especincados, que 
 no contengan metal iino, peso 
 legal kilo . , 
 
 Co Jin es, colchones y almohadas, 
 cuyo forro no contenga seda, 
 peso legal kilo . 
 
 Cojines, colchones y almohadas, 
 cuyo forro contenga seda, peso 
 leyal kilo . 
 
 Colecciones numismaticas, geo- 
 16gicas 6 de historia natural, 
 para museos y gabinetes 
 
 Cortes de babuchas, chinelas 6 
 pantunas de tela que no con- 
 tenga seda, peso legal. . .kilo. . 
 
 Cortes de babuchas, chinelas 6 
 pantuflas de tela de seda, 6 que 
 contenga seda, peso legal kilo. . 
 
 Cortes de bo tines de tela que 
 no contenga seda, peso legal 
 kilo 
 
 Cortes de botines de tela de 
 seda 6 que contenga seda, peso 
 
 legal kilo. . 
 
 brtinas transparentes de tela 
 pintada, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Cuerdas entorchadas para ins- 
 trumentos de musica, peso 
 legal kilo . . 
 
 Dientes artificial es de todas ma 
 terias, peso legal kilo . . 
 
 Disefios, moldes, modelos y 
 patrones para las artes, peso 
 bruto kilo. . 
 
 Dotlart. 
 
 .30 
 .60 
 
 .12 
 .25 
 
 .25 
 
 .60 
 
 4.00 
 Free. 
 .75- 
 
 s.oa 
 
 1.00 
 
 8.00 
 .60 
 
 .60 
 4.00 
 
 .01
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 131 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 duties in 
 
 Mexican 
 
 money, 
 
 weights, 
 
 and 
 
 measures. 
 
 Miscellaneous continued. 
 
 Buildings, complete, of iron, 
 steel, or wood, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Statues, busts, flower vases, and 
 works of art, of any material 
 whatever, weighiag more than 
 50 kilograms, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Cases (instrument, etc.), of all 
 kinds, not of precious metal, 
 exclusive of their contents, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Flowers, artificial, of cloth not 
 containing silk, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Flowers, artificial, and feathers, 
 of silk or cloth containing silk, 
 legal weight .... per kilogram . . 
 
 Hat linings and coverings of all 
 kinds, net weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Covers (sheaths), all kinds, for 
 umbrellas and parasols, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Rubber, erasing, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Ice, gross weight . .per kilogram . . 
 
 Rubber, in boots and shoes, with 
 or without cloth, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Rubber, in sheets, with or without 
 cloth foundation, gross weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Rubber, spun and in strips, for 
 billiard cushions, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Rubber, prepared, dental, legal 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Soap, unseen ted, gross weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Sealing wax, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Asbestos, paper and tow, in 
 sheets, tarred, for roofing, grots 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Whips, of all kinds, without or- 
 naments of precious metal, 
 legal weight. . . .per kilogram . 
 Books of slate or imitation, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Di versOS continua. 
 
 Mificios completes de hierro, 
 acero y madera, peso bruto 
 
 ..kilo. . 
 
 statuas, bustos, macetones y 
 obras de arte, cualquiera que 
 sea la materia componente, 
 y cuyo peso exceda 50 kilos, 
 
 peso bruto kilo. . 
 
 stuches de todas clases, que 
 no tengan metal fino, sin in- 
 cluir los avios que conten- 
 gan, peso legal kilo. 
 
 ?lores artificiales de tela que no 
 contenga seda, peso legal 
 
 . . kilo . 
 
 Floras artificiales y plumas de 
 seda 6 tela que contenga seda, 
 peso legal kilo . 
 
 Fondos y forros de todas clases. 
 para sombreros, peso neto 
 
 . . kilo . 
 
 Fundas de todas clases, para 
 sombrillas y paraguas, peso 
 
 legal kilo. 
 
 oma para borrar, peso legal 
 
 . . kilo . 
 
 Hielo, peso btuto kilo . 
 
 Hule en calzado, aun cuando 
 tenga tela, peso legal. . . .kilo. 
 
 Hule en planchas, aun cuaudo 
 
 tenga alma de tela, peso bruto 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Hule hilado y en tiras para ba- 
 randas de billar, peso legal 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Hule preparado para dentistas, 
 
 peso legal kilo. 
 
 Jab6n sin aroma, peso bruto 
 
 ..kilo. 
 
 Lacre, peso legal kilo . 
 
 Laminas de asbest6s, cart6n y 
 estopa alquitranada para te- 
 chos, peso bruto kilo. 
 
 Latigos de todas clases sin ador- 
 nos de metal fino, peso legal 
 
 Libros de pizarra 6 de imitaci6n, 
 peso legal kilo. 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .01 
 
 .05 
 
 .75 
 3.00 
 7.00 
 2.00 
 
 .50 
 
 .40 
 .01 
 
 .60. 
 
 .10- 
 
 .40 
 2.50 
 
 .25 
 .50 
 
 .04 
 
 1.2S 
 
 .60
 
 132 
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights, 
 and 
 
 Miscellaneous con tinued. 
 
 Tapers for night lamps, legal 
 weight per kilogram . 
 
 Billiard tables, of any material, ex- 
 clusive of their cloth and acces- 
 sories, gross weight, .per kilo. 
 
 Wafers for letters, legal weight 
 per kilogram . 
 
 Embroideries, begun or com- 
 pleted, on canvas, not speci- 
 fied, legal weight. .. . per kilo. 
 
 Perfumery of all kinds, legal 
 weight per kilogram. , 
 
 Paintings on paper, cloth, glass, 
 porcelain, wood, or metal, with 
 or without frame, not silver or 
 gold, legal weight per kilo. . 
 
 Plants, artificial, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Feather dusters, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Penholdrrs, not gold, silver, or 
 platinum, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 'Game-bags, legal weight 
 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Hats, felt and "Panama,'' and 
 imitations of same, unblocked, 
 
 without trimmings each . . 
 
 Hats, grass, chip, cotton cloth 
 prepared, or paper pulp, fin- 
 ished or unfinished, and with 
 or without ornaments. . .each. . 
 
 Hats of all kinds, not specified, 
 wit!} trimmiugs and ornaments 
 or without each. . 
 
 Hats, not specified, unfinished, 
 without trimmings each . . 
 
 Hats or ca->quss for miner< 
 
 Rubber cloth of all kinds, in 
 clothing, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Oilcloth for tables, floors, and 
 other uses, gross weight 
 per kilogram... 
 
 Tents, army, all kinds, without 
 their poles, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 DiversOS continfia. 
 
 Mariposas para veladoras, peso 
 legal kilo. 
 
 Mesas de billar de todas mate- 
 rias, sin incluir el pano ni sus 
 accesorios, peso bruto. . .kilo. 
 
 Obleas para cartas, peso legal* 
 kilo. 
 
 Obras comenzadas 6 acabadas 
 sobre caneva, no especificadas, 
 peso legal kilo . 
 
 Perfumer-la de todas clases, peso 
 legal : kilo. 
 
 Pinturas sobre papel, tela, vi- 
 drio.porcelana.madera 6 metal, 
 auu cuando tengan raarco que 
 no sea de plata li oro, peso 
 legal kilo. 
 
 Plantas artificiales, peso legal 
 
 kilo. 
 
 Plumeros para despolvar, peso 
 legal kilo. 
 
 I'ortaplunns que no scan de 
 oro, plata 6 platino, peso le- 
 gal kilo. 
 
 Sacos 6 morrales para cazador, 
 peso le<^al kilo . 
 
 Sombreros de fieltro, los llama- 
 dos de jipijapa y sus imitacio- 
 nes, en corte, sin avios. . .uno. 
 
 Sombreros de esparto, viruta, 
 tejido de algodon prepar^do 
 6 pasta de papel, en corte 6 
 acabados, y con adornos 6 sin 
 ellos uno . 
 
 Sombreros de todas clases, no 
 especificados, con avioi y con 
 adornos 6 sin ellos uno. 
 
 Sombreros no especificados, en 
 
 corte, sin avios uno 
 
 >mbreros 6 cascos para mineros , 
 
 Tela ahulada de todas clases, en 
 piezas de vestido, peso legal 
 
 . .kilo. . 
 
 Tela ahulada para mesas, pisos 
 li otros usos, peso bruto. .kilo. . 
 
 Piendas de campana de todas 
 clases, sin incluir los postes 
 para armarlas, peso bruto 
 
 . .kilo. . 
 
 Dollart. 
 
 .40 
 
 .30 
 .50 
 
 .70 
 1.00 
 
 .75 
 
 1.00 
 
 .40 
 
 .10 
 
 .75 
 
 .50 
 
 .20 
 
 1.00 
 
 .25 
 Free. 
 
 2.00 
 .30 
 
 .20
 
 TARIFF. 
 
 133T 
 
 ADDITIONS TO THE TARIFF. 
 
 FOREIGN MERCHANDISE IN THE FEDERAL DISTRICT. 
 
 On the 20th of October, 1891, the following decree was issued: 
 
 ARTICLE 1. Foreign merchandise which has to pay duty upon its 
 importation, under the tariff of the general custom house Ordinance, 
 when introduced to the Federal district, shall pay no further duty 
 than 5 per cent for consumption, calculated on the amount of the 
 importation duties. 
 
 ART. 2. Foreign merchandise exempt from the payment of duties 
 upon its importation under the tariff of the custom house Ordinance, 
 shall not pay any further duty, when introduced to the Federal dis- 
 trict. . 
 
 ART. 3. The prescriptions of the tariff of consumption duties for 
 the Federal district, issued on the 16th of last June, are hereby 
 repealed, in so far as they are opposed to the carrying out of this- 
 decree. 
 
 ART. 4. This decree shall take effect on the 1st of next Novem- 
 ber. 
 
 NEW DUTIES. 
 
 Under decree of the 30th of November, 1891, the following 
 articles were added to the tariff: 
 
 ARTICLE OF MERCHANDISE. 
 
 ARTICULO DE MERCANCIA. 
 
 Duties in 
 Mexican 
 money, 
 weights,. 
 and 
 measures . 
 
 Blocks or frames, wooden, for 
 car and wagon wheels, gross 
 weight per kilogram . . 
 
 Shirts, cotton cloth, without em- 
 broidery, with fronts of silk 
 cloth, for men, legal weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Postal stamps, Mexican, uncan- 
 celed 
 
 Mastic or putty to fix glasses on 
 window frames, gross weight 
 per kilogram . . 
 
 Camas de madera para ruedas de 
 carros y carretas, peso bruto 
 . .kilo. , 
 
 Camisas de tela de algodon sin 
 bordar con pecheras de tela 
 de seda, para hombres, peso 
 legal kilo . , 
 
 Estampillas postales mexicanas 
 sin. cancelar 
 
 Mastic 6 masilla para tijar los 
 vidrios en los bastidores de 
 vidrieras, peso bruto. . . .kilo. . 
 
 Dollars. 
 
 .06 
 
 3,00 
 Free, 
 
 .08
 
 LIST OF CUSTOM HOUSES AND OF CUSTOMS 
 SECTIONS OR POSTS. 
 
 MARITIME CUSTOM HOUSES. 
 
 IN THE GULP OF MEXICO. 
 
 Vera Cruz State of Vera Cruz 
 
 Progreso State of Yucatan 
 
 Campeche State of Campeche 
 
 Carmen Island State of Campeche 
 
 Frontera State of Tabasco 
 
 Coatzacoalcos (Minatilan) State of Vera Cruz 
 
 Tampico State of Tamaulipas 
 
 Matamoros (frontier and maritime) State of Tamaulipas 
 
 IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 
 
 Todos Santos Territory of Lower California 
 
 Magdalena Bay Territory of Lower California 
 
 San Jos6 del Cabo Territory of Lower California 
 
 La Paz _ Territory of Lower California 
 
 Santa Rosalia Territory of Lower California 
 
 Guaymas State of Sonora 
 
 Altata . . State of Sinaloa 
 
 Mazatlan State of Sinaloa 
 
 San Bias Territory of Tepic 
 
 Manzanillo State of Colima 
 
 Acapulco State of Guerrero 
 
 Puerto Angel (Pochutla) State of Oaxaca 
 
 Salina Cruz (Tehuantepec) State of Oaxaca 
 
 Tonald State of Chiapas 
 
 Soconusco (maritime and frontier, Tapachula) State of Chiapas 
 
 (134)
 
 LIST OP CUSTOM HOUSES, ETC. 135 
 
 FRONTIER CUSTOM HOUSES. 
 
 IN THE NORTH. 
 
 Camargo - State of Tamaulipas 
 
 Matamoros (frontier and maritime) State of Tamaulipaa 
 
 Mier ._ State of Tamaulipag 
 
 Laredo . . State of Tamaulipas 
 
 Guerrero State of Tamaulipas 
 
 Oiudad Porfirio Diaz (formerly Piedras Negras) .. State of Coahuila 
 
 Oiudad Juarez (formerly Paso del Norte) State of Chihuahua 
 
 La Ascencion . . .State of Chihuahua 
 
 Palominas (San Pedro) State of Sonora 
 
 Nogales State of Sonora 
 
 Sasabe State of Sonora 
 
 Tijuana . Territory of Lower California 
 
 IN THE SOUTH. 
 
 Soconusco (frontier and maritime, Tapachula) State of Chiapas 
 
 .Zapaluta (Comitan) . . State of Chiapas 
 
 CUSTOMS SECTIONS OR POSTS. 
 
 IN THE GULF OP MEXICO. 
 
 Alvarado ^ 
 
 mj , , I s Dependent on Vera Cruz Custom House 
 
 Nautla.. ) 
 
 Tecolutla. . Dependent on Tuxpam Custom House 
 
 Tonala Dependent on Custom House of Coatzacoalcos 
 
 Soto la Marina. Dependent on Custom House of Tampico 
 
 Celestum ^ 
 
 Isla de Mujeres v Dependent on Custom House of Progreso 
 
 Cozumel j 
 
 p ,. e > Dependent on Carmen Island Custom House 
 
 Dos Boca I Dependent on Frontera Custom House
 
 136 LIST OF CUSTOM HOUSES, ETC. 
 
 IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 
 
 Cape San Lucas Dependent on San Jose del Cabo Custom House 
 
 Mulej6 Dependent on Santa .Rosalia Custom House 
 
 Agiabampo , Dependent on Guaymas Custom House 
 
 Piaxtla \ 
 
 eacapam . . i Dependent on Mazatlan Custom House 
 
 Topolobampo ) 
 
 Chamela Dependent on Manzanillo Custom House 
 
 , J I Dependent on Acapulco Custom House 
 
 Dependent on San Bias Custom House 
 
 ~ , , Vi"*j>-. -- Dependent on Todos Santos Custom House 
 Guadalupe Island J 
 
 IN THE NORTHERN FRONTIER. 
 
 Reynosa Dependent on Matamoros Custom House 
 
 Las Vacas \ 
 
 Pacuache > Dependent on Porfirio Diaz Custom House 
 
 "Villa de Fuerte j 
 
 Ojinaga (formerly Presidio d el Norte) 
 
 Dependent on Ciudad Juarez Custom House 
 Quitovaquita Dependent on Nogales Custom House
 
 MINING LAWS. 
 
 The Mining Code of the Republic was approved on the 22d of 
 November, 1884, and repealed all existing mining laws. It went 
 into effect on the 1st of January, 1885. That Code and the Regu- 
 lations for Mining Deputations, as well as the circulars issued by 
 the Department of Public Works on the subject of mining, deter- 
 mine and regulate everything pertaining to mining throughout the 
 Republic. 
 
 THE MINING CODE. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, COLONIZATION, INDUSTRY, 
 
 AND COMMERCE OF THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC, 
 
 BUREAU FOURTH. 
 
 The President of the Republic has been pleased to send me the 
 following decree: 
 
 Manuel Gonzalez, Constitiitional President of the United States 
 of Mexico, to all those whom these presents may see 
 
 KNOW YE: That by virtue of the authority granted to the Ex- 
 ecutive by the law of the 15th of December, 1883, I have deemed 
 it proper to issue the following: 
 
 CODE OF MINES OF THE UNITED STATES OF MEXICO. 
 TITLE I. OF MINES AND MINING PROPERTY. 
 
 ARTICLE 1. The following are subject to the provisions of this 
 Code: 
 
 I. Mines and deposits of all those inorganic substances, as gold, 
 silver, copper, iron, manganese, lead, mercury, tin, antimony, zinc, 
 sulphur, rock salt, and all analogous substances whose utilization 
 requires mining labors, and which, in beds, veins, or in masses of 
 any form, constitute deposits whose composition is distinct from that 
 of the rocks there located. 
 
 (137)
 
 138 MINING LAWS. 
 
 II. Placers of gold and of platinum with their accompanying 
 metals, and of precious stones used in jewelry. 
 
 III. Reduction works and sites for their erection, including 
 under the first designation all industrial establishments for mining, 
 wherein, through any kind of process, may be extracted some of the 
 substances contained in the materials taken out from the mines, or 
 places referred to in the two foregoing subdivisions of this article. 
 
 IV. Waters extracted from the mines, and those that may be re- 
 quired for drinking purposes by the operatives and animals, for 
 motive power, or for any other use in mines or reduction works. 
 
 ART. 2. Mines and placers referred to in subdivisions I and II of 
 the foregoing article constitute real property, different from that of 
 the ground in which or below whose surface they are found, even 
 though both might come to belong to the same owner. 
 
 ART. 3. The ownership of mines, placers, reduction works and 
 waters referred to in article 1, shall be acquired by virtue of dis- 
 covery and denouncement,* by means of a concession made by the 
 proper authorities, according to the rules and under the conditions 
 which are hereafter laid down in this present Code. 
 
 ART. 4. The law gi-ants to private persons, in conformity with the 
 preceding article, the ownership of mines for an unlimited time, 
 under the condition of working and developing them in accordance 
 with the prescriptions of this Code and of the Regulations which 
 may be issued for the operation thereof, for the purpose of provid- 
 ing for the preservation of the mines and the security of the opera- 
 tives. 
 
 ART. 5. All persons who can legally acquire real estate in the 
 Republic of Mexico may acquire mines, placers, reduction works, 
 and water comprised within the first article. 
 
 ART. 6. Foreigners can acquire mining property under the same 
 terms and with the restrictions that the laws of the republic give 
 them for the acquisition, possession, and transfer of ordinary prop- 
 erty; submitting themselves, like Mexicans, to the prescriptions of 
 this law and to any others which may be issued relative to mining 
 industry. 
 
 '"Denouncement" is the term that has been adopted, for want of a better 
 one, to express the mode of claiming mining property in Mexico, in conform- 
 ity with this Code.
 
 MINING LAWS. 139 
 
 ART. 7. Mining property acquired in conformity with this Code 
 may be freely transferred, as any other real property, subject to the 
 prescriptions of the law in force relative thereto. 
 
 ART. 8. Mining property shall not be forfeited, except in the 
 cases expressly determined in this Code. 
 
 ART. 9. The title to ownership of the property referred to in the 
 four subdivisions of the first article, shall be a transcript of the 
 proceedings of record as to the denouncement and of the act of pos- 
 session, which are to be given by the authorities or functionaries in 
 manner laid down in this Code. 
 
 ART. 10. The owner of the soil shall have exclusive property 
 therein, and thereby may work and utilize, without necessity of de- 
 nouncement or of special condemnation of property : 
 
 I. Deposits of the various varieties of mineral coal. 
 
 II. Bocks in place and materials of the soil, such as limestonesi 
 slates, porphyries, basalts, stones for construction purposes, earths, 
 clays, sands, and another analogous substances. 
 
 III. Substances not specified in division II of the first article, 
 which may be found in placers, such as iron, tin, and other minerals 
 *n their natural state.* 
 
 IV. Salts existing on the surface, pure or salt waters, either su- 
 perficial or subterranean, petroleum, and outlets of gas or of warm 
 or medicinal waters. 
 
 For the extraction of all these substances the owner of the soil 
 shall, nevertheless, be subject in his labors to the police rules and 
 regulations; and for the working of mineral coal beds and of other 
 substances which require the opening of excavations he shall be sub" 
 ject to the provisions of this Code, relating to the preservation of 
 the mines and to the security of the operatives. 
 
 ART. 11. It is hereby declared that the working of mines and 
 placers, the establishment and working of reduction works, and the 
 
 *Under circular of the Department of Public Works dated May 29, 1889, 
 the destruction, exportation, and sale of all meteorites is prohibited; said sub- 
 stances shall be preserved in the places where they may have fallen or be 
 found, and all political authorities of the .Republic 'are required to notify the 
 Department of the existence of such meteorites, so that proper measures may 
 be taken to preserve them.
 
 140 MINING LAWS. 
 
 utilization of waters, all of which form the objects of the present 
 law, according to article 1, are matters of public utility. 
 
 ART. 12. Mining claims and sites for reduction works can be de- 
 nounced and acquired in any part of the Republic, whether they are 
 situated in government lands or in those of public or private prop- 
 erty, indemnity being first made in the latter two cases, for the 
 surface occupied. 
 
 ART. 13. The possession and property acquired in mines is to be 
 understood to be only as referring to all that may be under the 
 surface, and not to be that of the surface itself. The latter continues 
 under the dominion of its owner, except as to the part which the 
 miner may occupy, according to the two preceding articles. 
 
 ART. 14. Whenever the existence of a mine or deposit shall be 
 established, the lands, even if of private property, become subject to 
 be occupied by any miner, or any person owning or in charge of re- 
 duction works, in all the extension necessary for the opening of 
 shafts, or for the construction of buildings, dwellings, warehouses, 
 metallurgical offices, washers, dams, aqueducts, and roads, after in- 
 demnity, according to valuation by experts, for the surface occupied 
 or for the easement which may be acquired in the property of an- 
 other person. 
 
 ART. 15. The superficial area comprised within 'the limits of the 
 claims of mines and placers, and also the areas adjoining thereto, 
 shall be subject to an easement of a right of way for the operatives,, 
 wagons and animals necessary to the working thereof, and to the 
 right of use of any water which may exist therein, or pass through 
 them, for drinking purposes of said persons and animals. Within 
 said areas works may be erected for providing the water necessary 
 for the working of machinery, or for any other necessary use in 
 mines or reduction works. The easements to which this article re- 
 fers shall be established only after proper indemnity has been made 
 therefor. 
 
 ART. 16. Roads that are opened for any mine may be used by 
 any other mines situated in the same mining district, but in this 
 case the cost of preservation shall be divided among the mines that 
 use said roads, according to agreement, and in default thereof in 
 accordance with the use that is made of such roads. 
 
 ART. 17. Waters proceeding from the underground workings of
 
 MINING LAWS. 141 
 
 mines belong to the owners thereof, as long as they preserve tho 
 ownership of the mines; it being understood that the provisions of 
 the laws in force are to be observed, with regard to the rights of the 
 owners of the lands over which said waters may be discharged. 
 
 TITLE II. OF THE AUTHORITIES THAT ARE TO INTERVENE IN 
 AND TAKE COGNIZANCE OF MINING AFFAIRS. 
 
 ART. 18. Mining affairs with regard to their government and 
 administration shall be dependent on the Department of Public 
 Works, and upon the functionaries or authorities made suboidinate 
 thereto by this law. In contested cases the cognizance of mining 
 matters pei tains to the judges and tribunals of each locality having 
 jurisdiction thereof. 
 
 ART. 19. There shall be established in the capital of the Repub- 
 lic a corps of engineers and miners, that shall be immediately sub- 
 ordinate to the Department of Public Works, and that shall be 
 composed of three graduated experts and of three mine owners, 
 and that shall have the character* of an advisory council for the 
 encouragement of mining. 
 
 ART. 20. The corps of engineers and miners mentioned in the 
 preceding article will consider all the scientific, economical, or ad- 
 ministrative questions which may be submitted or proposed to it by 
 the Department of Public Works, and will promote everything that 
 pertains to the improvement and advancement of mining industries. 
 
 ART. 21. In all mining districts where it may be possible, and 
 where the Department of Public Works may deem it necessary, 
 there sh;ill be established Mining Deputations, that shall exercise all 
 the governmental and administrative functions that are assigned to 
 them by this Code. 
 
 ART. 22. All Mining Deputations shall be dependent on the De- 
 partment of Public Works, and be directly subject thereto. 
 
 ART. 23. In these districts in which Mining Deputations cannot 
 be established, their functions shall be discharged by the local politi- 
 cal authority, which shall be, in the exercise of their powers, subor- 
 dinate to the Department of Public Works. 
 
 ART. 24. The organization, mimber of employes, and payment 
 of the corps of engineers nd miners bhall be subject to regulations 
 which the Executive will issue.
 
 142 MINING LAWS. 
 
 ART. 25. The Executive will, in the same manner, regulate 
 Mining Deputations, in everything relating to their formation by 
 election from the body of miners of each district, to the number of 
 their members and to their periodical renewal, to the fees which 
 they may charge for the judicial proceedings they may authorize or 
 carry on, and to the remuneration and obligations of their secretary. 
 
 ART. 26. In mining districts, the importance of which makes it 
 possible and necessary, there shall be a graduated expert attached to 
 the local Deputation to act as its adviser or counselor, who shall be 
 obliged to do all the labors which the Deputation may intrust to 
 him, with the salary or fees that may be fixed by the regulations 
 and schedule of fees. 
 
 ART. 27. The Department of Public Works shall appoint as 
 many mining engineers as inspectors of mines as may be necessary., 
 who shall be obliged to visit the mining districts, to make reports, 
 study, prospect, and to carry on any labors which the Department 
 may intrust to them. 
 
 ART. 28. Under the direction of the Department of Public 
 Works, the Mining Deputations shall labor in collecting and for- 
 warding all useful and pertinent data for the formation of mining 
 statistics. 
 
 ART. 29. In conformity with the provisions of this title, a sepa- 
 rate bureau of the Department of Public Works shall have charge 
 of everything that relates to the industry of mining. 
 
 TITLE III. OF EXPLORATIONS FOR THE DISCOVERY OF MINES. 
 
 ART. 30. Every inhabitant of the republic, whether native or 
 foreign, may undertake and carry out freely, in all lands not pri- 
 vate property, exploration labors for the discovery of mines and 
 deposits of such substances as are the objects of this law. 
 
 The exploration labors may be effected by examinations, whose 
 depth or diameter shall not be more than five meters, or by borings 
 made by drills to any depth. 
 
 ART. 31. If the property or lands should belong to private 
 parties, and if the owner thereof, or his manager, or the person in 
 charge should object to the performance of such exploration labors 
 for the discovery of mines as are referred to in the preceding article,.
 
 MINING LAWS. 143 
 
 they cannot be carried on except by the special permission of the 
 political authority of the place, and with the limitations and requi- 
 sites which are prescribed in the following articles. 
 
 ART. 32. If the lands in which it is desired to explore be neither 
 fenced nor cultivated, the authority, after due hearing given to the 
 owner of the land or to the person in charge thereof, shall extend a 
 permit to carry on the exploration labors, in the manner set forth in- 
 article 30; provided, however, that the explorer shall give a bond, 
 which shall be sufficient in the opinion of the authority referred to, to 
 answer for all damages which he may cause to the owner of the 
 land by his exploration labors. 
 
 ART. 33. If the exploration is to be made in fenced or cultivated 
 lands, the political authority, after a verbal hearing of the parties 
 concerned, and after a report upon the advisability of the explora- 
 tion and as to the damage it may cause, shall have been made by an 
 expert appointed by said autbority at the expense of the explorer, 
 shall deny or grant the permit. In the latter case the petitioner 
 shall give a bond in the same terms and for the same purpose as 
 stated in the last paragraph of the preceding article. 
 
 ART.. 34. The explorer must give the bond referred to in the two 
 preceding articles, for the sum of money which the political authority 
 of the place may determine, and within the term of ten days, which 
 cannot be extended, and at the expiration whereof he forfeits his 
 rights. 
 
 ART. 35. After the proper bond has been given, the authority 
 shall issue in writing the permit referred to in articles 32 and 33 of 
 this title, which shall clearly designate the site or sites where the 
 explorations are to be made, and the number of persons that may 
 be employed in the same, it being understood that the permit is 
 always granted under the following conditions: 
 
 1. That the time for completing the exploration shall not exceed 
 one month, calculated from the date of the permit. 
 
 2. Tli at in case the exploration is not made by drills, neither the 
 depth of the excavations nor the diameter of the prospect holes shall 
 exceed five meters.* 
 
 *Under circular of the Department of Public Works dated July 23, 1887, 
 whenever a permit is granted for the exploration of a mine, a report must be
 
 144 MINING LAWS. 
 
 ART. 36. If for justifiable cause the exploration shall not be 
 made within the time allowed, the permit may be extended once 
 only, and for one month more, by virtue of a new decision of said 
 authority. 
 
 ART. 37. During the time that may be employed in going through 
 the formalities prescribed in the preceding articles, as being necessary 
 in order that the authorities may grant the permit to make explora- 
 tion, during the time granted for such explorations and for one 
 month after, neither the owner of the land, nor any other person 
 except the explorer, can denounce mines or deposits of any of the 
 substances comprised under the present law, in the place designated 
 for the exploration, or within the distance of three hundred meters 
 in all directions therefrom. 
 
 ART. 38. For the purpose of securing the right to which the pre- 
 ceding article refers, and in order that if there be different de- 
 nouncements, the first discoverer may have the preference, the 
 Authority that has the power to grant the permit for exploration 
 shall notify the proper local Mining Deputation, or the authority 
 acting in its stead, of the petition presented, and shall designate the 
 place or places chosen by the explorer to effect his exploration la- 
 bors. 
 
 ART. 39. The explorer must terminate his work of exploration 
 within the term of one month, or within the extension, if 8uch an 
 extension has been obtained by him. On the expiration of these 
 periods and of one month more, if the explorer has not made the 
 formal denouncement, according to the prescriptions of this law, he 
 shall lose the exclusive right to do what is granted to him by arti- 
 cle 37, and shall have no preference over other denouncers. 
 
 ART. 40. Only by the consent of the owner shall any work of 
 mining exploration be commenced within a building or dwelling- 
 house or within its appurtenances, as gardens, yards, orchards, or 
 stock pens, etc., or at a distance of less than thirty meters from its 
 exterior walls. No appeal can be had from the negative of the 
 owner in the cases referred to in this article. 
 
 made to the Department of the location so granted, of the extension thereof, 
 who are the explorers, when the exploration is to bagin and terminate, and also 
 what was the result obtained in such mining explorations.
 
 MINING LAWS. 145 
 
 ART. 41. Neither shall exploration labors for the discovery of 
 mines be made in the streets or public squares of towns, nor outside 
 of these at less than thirty meters' distance from the exterior lines 
 of roads or canals, or of any other structure, such as a house, arch- 
 way, aqueduct, dam, bridge, etc. 
 
 TITLE IV. OF THE MANNER OF ACQUIRING MINES, PLACERS, 
 ABANDONED REDUCTION WORKS, OR THE SITES TO ESTAB- 
 LISH SUCH WORKS AND WATER TO FURNISH MOTIVE POWER 
 FOR MINES OR" REDUCTION WORKS. 
 
 ART. 42. The ownership of mines and reduction works or of sites 
 to establish the latter and of water, as referred to in this title 
 is to be acquired originally by adjudication and by virtue of a de- 
 nouncement. 
 
 ART. 43. The denouncement may be made: 
 
 1. Under title of discovery. 
 
 2. Under title of abandonment. 
 
 3. Under title of the lapse or extinction of the rights of a former 
 owner for contravention of this present law, in the cases. which it 
 expressly determines. 
 
 ART. 44. The discovery may be: 
 
 1. Of a new mineral district. 
 
 2. Of a new deposit in a mineral district already known. 
 
 3. Of a new mine in a known deposit in a known mineral dis- 
 trict. 
 
 ART. 45. The discoverer of a new mineral district shall have the 
 right to a concession comprising three claims following each other 
 on the principal vein or deposit, and to one more claim on each one 
 of the other veins or deposits of the same site or mining district 
 which he may also have discovered; the possession of the latter 
 to be given to him separately. 
 
 In the second case the discoverer shall have the right to two suc- 
 cessive claims, and to only one claim in the third case. 
 
 ART. 46. The claims shall have the area and dimensions which 
 will be prescribed in title V of this Code; and according to the provis- 
 ions of article 106 of that title, if several claims should be included 
 in the same grant or adjudication, they must be measured in con- 
 tinuation, and prolongation, one after the other. 
 
 
 9
 
 146 MINING LAWS. 
 
 ART. 47. With respect to the effects of the prescriptions of arti- 
 cle 45, the restorers of ancient mineral districts, ruined or aban- 
 doned, shall be considered as discoverers and shall have the same 
 rights as the latter; said districts shall be considered to be such, 
 for the effects of this article, when no work shall have been done 
 thereon for one year. 
 
 ART. 48. If the discovery should be of placers, beds 01' layers, the 
 discoverer shall have the right to three claims; those who may de- 
 nounce after him on the same deposit shall only obtain one claim, 
 all in the form and according to the measurements set forth in title 
 V. 
 
 ART. 49. If in any of the cases mentioned in the foregoing arti- 
 cles, the denouncer, discoverer, or restorer should be a company con- 
 stituted in the manner and form established in title VIII, it shall 
 only have a right to a concession of four claims with the measure- 
 ments which are fixed, according to the nature of the deposit, in 
 the corresponding articles of title V. 
 
 ART. 50. A mine shall be considered deserted and abandoned and 
 may be granted to whoever may denounce it, if, for the period of 
 one year preceding the date of the denouncement, or for a more lim- 
 ited time, it shall not have been worked by six miners, employed at 
 some underground work within the limits of the claims acquired 
 under any single concession, for twenty-six weeks, consecutive or 
 interrupted. 
 
 A cessation of work at any time prior to the year preceding the 
 date of the denouncement shall not be taken into consideration. 
 
 The denouncement and adjudication of a mine as deserted and 
 abandoned shall be subject to the formalities prescribed in articles 
 61 to 67.* 
 
 ART. 51. Only in case of calamities or of disturbances of the pub- 
 lic order within twenty leagues around the locality of any mines, 
 and only for the time during which these circumstances may last, 
 all the mines in general of that particular district may be considered 
 
 *Under circular of the Department of Public Works dated July 13, 1886, 
 the omission to ^egin working upon any mine as prescribed by article 57, is 
 not a reason why it should be considertd abandoned, but it is only from that 
 date that may be computed the period of abandonment prescribed in the man- 
 ner staged in article 50.
 
 MINING LAWS. 147 
 
 as protected from denouncement without necessity of a special pro- 
 tection or declaration ; but if within four months from the date when 
 public oi-der is restored, which fact shall be ascertained and pub- 
 lished by the local Deputation, or by the functionary who takes its 
 place, the work be not recommenced and renewed, the mines may be 
 denounced under title of abandonment. 
 
 ART. 52. Those who for just and grave causes may be compelled 
 to suspend the working of their mines for more than twenty-six 
 weeks, may go before the Mining Deputation to solicit the necessary 
 protection,*, a'nd must explain and fully state the reasons for their 
 petition. 
 
 ART. 53. The Mining Deputation, after taking into consideration 
 the petition, and the report made by an expei't or other evidence, 
 if it should deem it necessary, shall deny the protection, without 
 further appeal, or grant it for a period of not more than six months.! 
 
 ART. 54. If rf the miner should need a special protection for more 
 than six months, he shall ask it through the Mining Deputation, 
 from the Department of Public Works, and the latter, in view of 
 the report of the Mining Deputation and of an expert, or of the 
 evidence that may be presented or which it may judge necessary, 
 shall deny the protection without further appeal, or may grant it 
 for a term not to exceed one year.! 
 
 *The word "amparo" is translated by protection, for want of a better one, 
 as being already adopted by persons dealing in mines in Mexico. "Amparo" 
 signifies the permission given by the authorities to a mine owner, to let 
 his mine remain without being worked for a longer peritd of time than is 
 customary. 
 
 tUnder circular of the Department of Public Works dated November 6, 
 1886, the Mining Deputation must exact the production of sufficient evidence 
 to prove that the mine has been worked up to the date of the petition, or up 
 to less than twenty-six weeks, at most, before said date. The same evidence 
 shall be adduced when petition for protection of a mine is asked through the 
 Deputation to the Department of Public Works. 
 
 +By virtue of circular of the Department of Public Works dated July 29, 
 1885, the Mining Deputation having jurisdiction must send with each petition 
 for protection to a mine a report, wherein it shall set forth the reasons which 
 in its opinion exist to grant or deny such petition, and if the mine is being 
 worked, the report of the expert mentioned in article 54. 
 
 And under circular dated January 25, 1887, all petitions for protection 
 to mines shall be forwarded to the Department by the Deputations, with the 
 proper reports relative thereto.
 
 148 MINING LAWS. 
 
 ART. 55. While a determination is being had as to the protection 
 asked, work in the mine in question must not be suspended, under 
 penalty of losing it for abandonment, according to the provisions of 
 article 50. 
 
 ART. 56. The especial protections granted by the Mining Deputa- 
 tions, or by the Department of Public Works, cannot be extended, 
 and, whatever may be the reasons alleged, no second protection can 
 be granted to the same mine within the term of three years there- 
 after.* 
 
 ART. 57. For the purpose of declaring any minS deserted and 
 abandoned, according to article 50, the miner shall not be consid- 
 ered exempt from the obligation of working the same, except during 
 the term of the special protection granted, and work must be com- 
 menced on the day following that on which the protection granted 
 may have expired. 
 
 ART. 58. When protection is solicited for one or several mines in 
 order to undertake certain works in neighboring mines, by means 
 whereof the former may be more conveniently worked, the Mining 
 Deputation shall appoint an expert whom it may consider reliable, 
 who shall, after the necessary investigations, give his opinion upon 
 the utility of the work, and upon such other matters as he may con- 
 sider pertinent. The Mining Deputation, upon the report of the 
 expert, shall deny the protection of that kind or in the form solic- 
 ited, or shall grant it for the time which the projected work may 
 last, and shall fix the conditions which the work must have or be 
 subject to. 
 
 ART. 59. The ownership of any mine caay be forfeited, and it may 
 be* awarded to whoever may denounce such mine: 
 
 *Under circular of the Department of Public Works dated July 22, 1886. 
 Mining Deputations must state in their report, if the mine to be protected 
 has or has not been granted protection theretofore by the Mining Deputation. 
 
 Under circular dated August 16, 1888, whenever the Mining Deputations 
 transmit to the Department a petition for special protection, they must ac- 
 company it with a report thereon of an expert, and a statement showing 
 whether protection has been granted to the same mine within three years 
 prior to the petition, if the mine has been worked in conformity with the law 
 for twenty-six weeks before the presentation of such petition, and if the peti" 
 tioners are the real owners of the mine, or duly authorized by the latter to 
 present such petition.
 
 MINING LAWS. 149 
 
 I. When for want of work for preservation, or from its bad con- 
 dition, the lives of the operatives shall be in peril, or when any 
 workings, indispensable for the continuation of the investigation 
 and labors in the deposit, such as shafts, winzes, tunnels, main gal- 
 leries, or slopes, shall be in a ruinous condition. 
 
 The ruin of old workings, useless for the labors and through 
 which the operatives do not pass, is not a reason why the owner 
 shall lose his property, but the Mining Deputations may order their 
 preservation, if they should deem it necessary. 
 
 II. When the working places are badly ventilated to such an ex- 
 tent that, through scarcity of oxygen in the air, the health of the 
 operatives may be injured, or the combustion of the lights is made 
 difficult. 
 
 III. When for the term of one year preceding the date of the de- 
 nouncement, or for a shorter period, the taking out of the waters 
 which may prevent the workings has been suspended for twenty-six 
 weeks, consecutive or interrupted. 
 
 Suspension of drainage, in time preceding the year anterior to the 
 date of the denouncement, shall not be taken into account. 
 
 In case that a mine is denounced as ruinous, or as badly venti- 
 lated, or for the suspension or want of drainage, the Mining Depu- 
 tation or the official that takes its place, shall take note of the de- 
 nouncement, and before the expiration of three days shall have the 
 mine examined by some expert, upon whom it may rely, who sliall 
 be accompanied by the secretary and by two witnesses, notifying to 
 the owner of the mine and to the denouncer the fact that such ex- 
 amination is to be made. 
 
 If the denouncement shall be found without cause, it shall be re- 
 jected; if otherwise, the owner of the mine shall be notified and a 
 time be granted him, which shall not be more than six months, dur~ 
 ing which period such owner may remedy the denounced evil which 
 has been found to exist. 
 
 ART. 60. If, within the period fixed according to the preceding 
 article, the infractions or defects shall not have been corrected in 
 the manner prescribed by the Deputation, or if the drainage shall 
 not have been re-established, the mine shall at once, without further 
 proceedings, be adjudged to the denouncer, and Ke shall OB put, in 
 possession with the formalities prescribed for said act tjy this law; 
 
 '"////
 
 150 MINING LAWS. 
 
 always provided that the denouncer shall previously give a bond, 
 to the satisfaction of the Mining Deputation, for the cost of estab- 
 lishing the drainage, or of the workings which ought to be and are 
 necessary to be done, which workings he shall begin to execute 
 within one month from the date when possession was given him, 
 and he shall lose his rights in case of failing to do so, or of not 
 remedying the denounced evil before six months, calculated from 
 the same date. 
 
 ART. 61. A denouncement shall be made in all cases by means 
 of a petition in writing, which shall be presented in duplicate te the 
 Mining Deputation of the district, and which shall express under 
 what title it is made of the three set forth in article 43, and also 
 the name of the denouncer and those of his partners, if he should 
 have any. the place of his birth, his profession or trade and resi- 
 dence, and the most remarkable features of the deposit, mine or site 
 denounced, or of which the adjudication is asked, and such petition 
 must terminate by praying that the party or parties concerned 
 shall.be held to be the denouncers in some one of the three cases set 
 forth by the said article 43.* 
 
 ART. 62. If the denouncement should be for abandonment or for 
 forfeiture of title, the petition in writing shall also contain the name 
 of the last possessor, if known, his domicile, the name of the mine, 
 and its location and distinctive signs; also the names of ttie adjoin- 
 ing mines and those of their owners, if they are known. 
 
 ART. 63. Upon presentation of the petition in duplicate, the secre- 
 tary of the Mining Deputation shall annotate upon both copies the 
 hour and day of the presentation, taking note of these facts in the 
 register book, which must be kept, and one of the two copies shall 
 be returned to the party concerned for his security. 
 
 ART. 64. The Deputation shall pass upon the petition within 
 twenty-four hours, ordering the denouncement to be published on 
 the three following Sundays, by means of placards, which shall be 
 affixed in the customary places, and by the official newspaper, if 
 there is one, in the seat of the district or in the capital of the State, 
 
 *Under circular .of the Department of Public Works dated February 16, 
 1887, only the original petition for denouncements provided for by this arti- 
 cle need be stamped; the duplicate thereof shall not require that formality. 
 
 ' 
 
 \ 
 
 1
 
 MINING LAWS. 151 
 
 in order that, coining to the notice of all, anyone who considers he 
 has a right to oppose it, may do so. 
 
 AKT. 65. In the same decree in which the publication of the de- 
 nouncement is orderetl, the denouncer shall be notified that within 
 four months from the date of the denouncement he must have a 
 working opened at the place of the denouncement, in which an ex- 
 pert can investigate the peculiarities of the deposit, as well as its 
 strike and dip. When the deposit is a vein, said working shall 
 be composed of a shuft and a gallery opened on one of the side 
 walls, each one of which excavations shall have a section of at 
 least one and a half meters of side or diameter, and' five meters of 
 depth or length. *If the deposit should not be a vein, two excava- 
 tions in distinct directions shall be opened in its body, each one of 
 which must have at least the dimensions indicated, but both of 
 them must always be sufficient to give an idea of the nature and 
 formation of the deposit so denounced. 
 
 In case that the owner of the soil shall claim, before giving the 
 possession of the mine, the value of the land which the denouncer 
 must necessarily occupy on the surface to open the working for the 
 investigatiqn, the Mining Deputation, or the authority which takes 
 its place, after a report previously made by an expert whom it may 
 trust, and after hearing the parties concerned, shall order the de- 
 nouncer to pay the value of the surface that he may require to oc- 
 cupy, and the damages which may directly be occasioned to the owner 
 of the soil. 
 
 ART. 63. As soon as the said working is opened, and without 
 waiting for the termination of the four months from the date of the 
 denouncement, provided that the term of the publications has passed, 
 a scientific expert, or, in the absence of such, a practical one, shall 
 be appointed, who, after previous investigation of the working pie- 
 pared, of the material of which the vfein or deposit is composed, of 
 its width, hardness, and of the kind of ore, with its strike and in- 
 clination or dip, shall measure and mark on the ground the corres- 
 ponding claim or claims, staking out the angles thereof, so that the 
 landmarks may be erected which are to serve as boundaries. After 
 the conclusion of the measurements, and after the report and the 
 plan made by the expert, on which must also be laid down the ad-
 
 152 MINING LAWS. 
 
 joining mines, shall have been added to the record of proceedings, 
 the adjudication shall be decreed in favor of the denouncer.* 
 
 ART. 67. Within the period of ten days next following, and on 
 the day assigned for the giving possession, at the hour which may 
 have been fixed, one of the deputies of the district, accompanied by 
 the secretary and by the expert who made the measurements, shall 
 go to the place denounced, and give to the denouncer or denouncers 
 possession, in the name of the law. of the mining property as meas- 
 ured and marked. 
 
 For this act, and for that of measurement, the owners or parties 
 in charge of the adjoining mines shall always be summoned, all those 
 mines that are situated at a distance of 200 meters, or less, from the 
 one in question being considered adjoining the latter; also the 
 former possessor shall be summoned, in the case of a mine denounced 
 as abandoned, or for violation of the prescriptions of this Code. 
 
 ART. 63. In the certificate of possession shall be carefully set 
 forth the person or persons who take possession, whether they have 
 been present, or whether they appeared by attorney in fact, for 
 which a simple unacknowledged power of attorney is required, 
 which- must be filed with the other papers of record. The propor- 
 tions of the parts into which they themselves consider the mine vir- 
 tually divided as represented by each party concerned, must also be 
 set forth. t 
 
 ART. 69. When all this is terminated, the record of proceedings 
 shall be deposited in the archives, there shall be given to each party 
 concerned who may request it a certified copy of the record in due 
 form, at his expense, for the security of his rights. 
 
 ART. 70. The same proceedings as established by the foregoing 
 
 *Under circular of the Department of Public Works dated June 17, 1887, 
 whenever Mining Deputations, or< authorities performing their duties, shal 
 have to appoint experts, they must give preference to graduated in lieu of 
 practical experts. 
 
 tUnder circular of the Department of Public Works dated December 16> 
 18SG, a simple unacknowledged power of attorney is not sufficient to enable 
 any person to denounce mines in the. name of another, or of a company. 
 There must be a power of attorney given in legal form before a notary. (Civi 
 Code, article 2352, section II [. ) Far the taking of possession in the name of 
 another a simple unacknowledged power of attorney is sufficient.
 
 MINING LAWS. 153 
 
 articles shall be observed in proceedings for discovery, as well as in 
 the denouncements for abandonment. 
 
 ART. 71. In denouncements for abandonment the publication 
 shall, however, not be commenced without previously summoning 
 the last possessor, when known: and after giving him a copy of the 
 denouncement, he shall have a hearing, to which the denouncer shall 
 also be summoned. 
 
 The Deputation shall determine, in view of what the parties con- 
 cerned may state, if they come to the hearing, and of the evidence 
 or information that they may present, and which may be re- 
 ceived within a term of not over ten days, whether or not the de- 
 nouncement is to be admitted. In the first case the publication 
 shall be made and the denouncement shall be perfected, according to 
 the foregoing articles; in the second case the mine shall continue in 
 the possession of its former owner; and in case that either one of 
 the parties shall not be satishVd with the decision, he can present 
 his opposition thereto within the period of eight days. 
 
 ART. 72. Managers, clerks, or employes, and operatives of a 
 mine are prohibited from denouncing other mines within a distance 
 of eight hundred meters from the one in question; they can only do 
 so for the owner of said mine by virtue of his power of attorney by 
 letter, or if he shall ratify such action during the periods prescribed 
 for the proceedings in denouncement and for the taking of posses- 
 sion. 
 
 ART. 73. An opposition to any denouncement shall be admissible, 
 if founded on the fact that the person making the opposition had 
 previously denounced the mine in question, or on any other legal 
 cause according to the provisions of this law, provided it is pre- 
 sented before the termination of the act of possession. 
 
 ART. 74. No opposition shall be admitted, unless the writing in 
 which it is made shall state clearly and precisely the legal cause or 
 motive on which it is founded, nor after the period prescribed in the 
 preceding article. 
 
 AHT. 75. In case of contest between two or more persons who 
 may claim to have discovered any mine, he who may have registerd 
 his denouncement first shall be held to be the discoverer. 
 
 ART. 76. Whenever two or more denouncements are presented 
 which apply to the same site or deposit, or to contiguous sites or de-
 
 154 MINING LAWS. 
 
 posits, the proceedings shall take place strictly in the order of the 
 dates, and in the same order the measurements of the correspond- 
 ing claims and the possessions thereof to the denouncers shall be 
 given. 
 
 ART. 77. If the opposition is presented during the period of the 
 preparation or publication of notices, the proceedings in denounce- 
 ments shall be suspended until the decision thereof is made; but if 
 the opposition be presented afterwards, the proceedings shall be con- 
 tinued until possession has been given to the denouncer, without 
 prejudice of a decision upon the opposition, after this shall have 
 been fully supported by proofs and at the proper time. 
 
 ART. 78. In all cases of opposition the Deputation shall at jonce 
 summon the contestant and the denouncer, and shall endeavor to 
 make them come to an agreement and avoid the contest; but if it 
 does not succeed in so doing, it shall receive the proofs that may be 
 presented and shall make, or cause to be made, the necessary exam- 
 ination within the period of twenty days, after which time, and 
 within the ten succeeding days, it shall render a decision in the 
 premises in accordance with the law. 
 
 ART. 79. A record shall be formed of everything relative to the 
 opposition, wherein all the proceedings shall bs set forth, the proof's 
 shall appear, and the decision which may be rendered. 
 
 Art. 80. In case of opposition to any denouncement, and in any 
 other contest between the parties concerned, if any one of them does 
 not wish to abide by the decision rendered by the Mining Deputa- 
 tion, he shall state the same in writing, or by appearance in p'erson, 
 within the term of eight days after he shall have been notified of 
 said decision, all of which shall be set forth upon the record, 
 which shall be forwarded to the court of first instance that has 
 jurisdiction in the case, and if there be several such courts, to which" 
 ever the contestant may choose. 
 
 ART. 81. After the expiration of the term of eight days, pre- 
 scribed in the foregoing article, no such appeal can be made and the 
 decision shall be held as agreed to and shall take effect irrevocably. 
 If the appeal is perfected within said time, the Deputation shall 
 allow it, and shall forward the record to the proper judge, so that, 
 the law proceedings being instituted and legally tried, the fact or 
 right in controversy may be finally decided.
 
 MINING LAWS. 155 
 
 ART. 82. The same appeal may be interposed by any miner who 
 believes himself to be injured or prejudiced in his rights, in the 
 cases referred to in articles 50, 60, and 73 of this Code, provided 
 that he does so at the time that possession is given to the denouncer- 
 
 ART. 83. Until a judical decree be rendered contrary to the de- 
 cision of the Mining Deputation, and notwithstanding the perfect- 
 ing of the appeal mentioned in the preceding articles, the decision of 
 the Deputation shall be carded into effect, it not being permitted to 
 suspend the working of a mine, even though it may be in litigation. 
 
 ART. 84. Only in case of the non-existence of the vein or deposit 
 as denounced, or when there is not enough free ground to permit 
 the giving of the proper claim or claims, will the act of giving pos- 
 session be suspended, but never owing to any opposition that may 
 be made or right for contest that may be alleged ; the opposition shall 
 only be made to appear on the record, preserving thereby the rights 
 of the opposing party or contestant, so that he may separately ad- 
 duce the same before the proper judges and courts. 
 
 ART. 85. While a denouncement has not been finally passed upon, 
 no other denouncement shall be admitted with regard to the same 
 site, mine, or deposit, not even for the purpose of considering it as 
 presented, and to be passed upon only, in case the former one is re- 
 jected. 
 
 ART. 86. The foregoing prohibition extends to the miner who 
 made the denouncement and his partners; and neither he nor they 
 can bs allowed to present successive denouncements, during the 
 pendency of the proceedings and decision upon the first one. 
 
 ART. 87. The right acquired by any denouncer shall lapse if he 
 does not have the workings open, or does not take possession, within 
 the periods designated by this Code or by the Mining Deputation, 
 in conformity with articles 65 to 67. 
 
 ART. 88. The aforesaid periods can be extended by the Mining 
 Deputation for any just cause, and once only., by the granting a 
 second term to the contestant, provided such extension shall not ex- 
 ceed two months.* 
 
 i 
 * Under circular of the Department of Public Works dated October 17, 1887, 
 
 every two months the Mining Deputations or authorities perfowning their 
 duties, shall piiblish a list of the mines that can be denounced, stating 'their 
 location, and in such list must be included those referred to in article 88, when 
 the extension of two months therein mentioned shall have expired.
 
 156 MINING LAWS. 
 
 ART. 89. Old sites of reduction works, new sites for the establish- 
 ment of the same, and abandoned works, shall be denounceable, and 
 may be awarded to the denouncer in the same manner and form as 
 is established with regard to new or abandoned mines; the same re- 
 quirements are to be observed in case of opposition, or of contest 
 made to the denouncement. 
 
 ART. "90. A redaction works site or establishment for the reduc- 
 tion of ores shall be held as abandoned if the roofs, machinery, tools, 
 and serviceable timbers are totally wanting, even though the walls 
 and massive structures should still exist; and even without these 
 circumstances a reduction works can be awarded to anyone who 
 may denounce it, if during three years no work at all has been done 
 therein, and if the owner, after a requisition of the local Deputation, 
 shall not re-establish the labors within a proper stated period of time 
 of not more than six months. 
 
 ART. 91. In the case referred to in the forgoing article, as well 
 as in that of the awarding of a mine when denounced for abandon- 
 ment, or for forfeiture, owing, to the non-observance of the rules es- 
 tablished as to the manner of working it, if the former possessor 
 shall claim to have left at the mine or reduction works any exterior 
 removable structures made at his expense, such as sheds, machinery, 
 or other things of the kind which the denouncer may use, and desire 
 to preserve, the latter shall pay their value to the owners thereof, 
 according to the appraisement of experts to be appointed, one by 
 each party, and a third by the Deputation in case of disagreement. 
 
 ART. 92. The denouncement of vacant ground between claims 
 shall be entirely subject to the provisions of title V, articles 111, 
 112, and 113. 
 
 ART. 93. Upon the presentation of a denouncement of a stream, 
 or fall of water, to be employed in the working of mines or of re- 
 duction works, either for motive power or for the washing of the 
 ores, said denouncement shall be admitted and established by the 
 same proceedings as those relative to mines, as well in case that 
 said water was formerly used for the purposes referred to (if de- 
 nounced as abandoned and deserted), as in the case that it has no 
 known owner; in no case, however, shall such a denouncement be 
 allowed, neither shall forcible occupation be permitted on the ground 
 of public utility, in favor of the miner, in regard to waters of private
 
 MINING LAWS. 157 
 
 property, which the owner thereof may be using, or may need for 
 his own uses, or for that of his property or industries. 
 
 The ownership of a stream or fall of water shall be lost, and may 
 be adjudged to the first denouncer, when it has not been utilized 
 during twenty-six weeks, consecutive or interrupted, within the 
 period of one year prior to the denouncement. 
 
 Waters that have been used in reduction works are not de- 
 nounceable unless such works have been abandoned.* 
 
 ART. 94. Waste heaps and dumps of abandoned mines are not 
 denounceable, unless by denouncing at the same time the mines from 
 which they come. 
 
 Neither are the slag heaps and slime pits of abandoned smelters 
 and reduction works denounceable, apart from the works them- 
 selves, f 
 
 ART. 95. In every case in which the mine owner, after the termi- 
 nation of the proceedings for the taking possession of the mine or 
 deposit, may require to occupy some part of the surface of the 
 ground, either within or without his claims, in order to open shafts, 
 establish offices, roads, dams, aqueducts, or any other construction, 
 in the exercise of the rights granted to him by articles 12 to 15 
 of the title I, or to utilize the superficial portion of any depo$it accord- 
 ing to article 98 of title V, he may do so by consent of the Mining 
 Deputation, when the ground is government land; if the land is 
 either public or private property, the miner must first pay the value 
 of the area which he may occupy and the direct damages that may 
 follow to the owner, without taking into consideration the value 
 of the ore according to the appraisement made by experts, who shall 
 be appointed, one by each party, and the third by the Deputation in 
 case of disagreement. Nor can anyone, under pretext of the owner- 
 ship of the land, oppose the possession of any mine which is granted 
 
 *Under circular of the Department of Public Works dated August 14, 1886, 
 falls or streams of water, denounced and duly taken possession of for the es- 
 tablishment of new reduction works, cannot be denounced separately from the 
 reduction works under construction, as the works upon the latter completely 
 protect the water right. 
 
 tBy virtue of circular of the Department of Public Works dated December 
 16, 1886, it is forbidden to pick ore of mines once worked and abandoned, and 
 the ore extracted may be confiscated.
 
 158 MINING LAWS. 
 
 to a denouncer, nor the carrying on of the workings and the pro- 
 ceedings prior to the possession. 
 
 ART. 96. In cases where there is no contention or opposition by 
 other persons, the parties concerned may appeal from the decision 
 of any Mining Deputation, or the functionaries that take its place, 
 to the Department of Public Works, and ask a revocation thereof, 
 but any such appeal must be presented and perfected within one 
 month from the date when the decision in question has bjen notified 
 to said parties concerned. 
 
 TITLE V. OP THE DIMENSIONS THAT MINING CLAIMS 
 OUGHT TO HAVE. 
 
 ART. 97. The claim or unit of measurement for mining conces- 
 sions is a solid of indefinite d-epth, limited on the exterior by the 
 projection upon the surface of the ground of a horizontal square or 
 rectangle, and in the interior by four vertical planes' which pass 
 through its respective sides. 
 
 ART. 98. The dimensions of the square or rectangle, which ought 
 to serve as the upper base to the solid, which constitutes the clai m 
 are fixed, in the following articles, in conformity with the nature and 
 position of the deposit, with the understanding that the miner may 
 work and profit by all the mineral substances existing within the 
 interior of his claim, and that after previously paying the value of 
 the soil, without taking into consideration the mineral that may be 
 the object of the exploitation, he may also utilize that part of the 
 deposit that may lie on the surface, and may occupy the ground 
 which he may IT quire for Ids operations and workings, according to 
 the provisions of articles 12 to 15 of title I. 
 
 ART. 99. The mining claim, or the aggregate of claims, that con- 
 stitutes any single concession, is indivisible between the owners 
 thereof, as it' also is in any case of transfer of the ownership of the 
 said property, by whatever title it may be made. 
 
 ART. 100. In concessions upon veins, the upper base of the claim 
 shall be a rectangle, of which two sides, parallel to the strike of the 
 vein, shall always be 200 meters long on the level; and the length 
 of the other two sides, perpendicular to the first one, shall vary, 
 with the inclination of the vein, between 100 and 300 meters,
 
 MINING LAWS. 159 
 
 according to the principles which will be stated in detail in the fol- 
 lowing article, so that the miner shall, as a general rule, be able to 
 work about 400 meters upon the vein in the direction of its dip. 
 
 ART. 101. When the vein is perpendicular, or when it has an in- 
 clination or dip of more than 85, the transverse width shall be 100 
 meters, measured on eitlier side of the vein, or divided between both 
 sides, as the miner' may wish, always provided that no detriment 
 to third parties shall result therefrom. 
 
 When the vein has less then 85 of dip, the length of the trans- 
 verse sides of any claim shall be measured in the direction of the 
 dip, and shall be as stated in the following table: 
 
 The length of the transverse 
 When the dip is between side shall be 
 
 85 and75| 100 meters 
 
 75 and 72 120 " 
 
 72i and 69i 140 " 
 
 69| and66J : J60 " 
 
 66| and 63| 180 " 
 
 63^ and 60 200 " 
 
 60 and56f 220 " 
 
 56| and 53 240 " 
 
 53 and49i 260 " 
 
 49 and 45 280 ' 
 
 45iandless. 300 " 
 
 ART. 102. The measurement pf the sides of the rectangle of the 
 claim parallel to the strike of the vein may, in ground free from 
 other mining possessions, be laid off to one or the other side of the 
 workings for explorations referred to in article 65, title IV, as the 
 miner may desire. 
 
 ART. 103. When the vein has less than 85 of dip, and the miner 
 petitions that some part of the transverse width that he owns 
 shall be measured in a direction opposite to that of the dip, it may 
 be allowed to him to the extent qf 25 meters, provided, however, that 
 no detriment to third parties can result therefrom. Only in case 
 that on account of the existence of another claim on the side of the 
 dip of vein denounced, there shall not be room for the whole length 
 of the whole transverse side, will more than 25 meters be measured in 
 a direction contrary to that of the dip. 
 
 ART. 1 04. With reference to concessions upon placers of precious
 
 160 .MINING LAWS. 
 
 stones, of gold or of platinum and their accompanying metaJs, the 
 upper face of the claim shall be a square of 20 meters on each side, 
 which shall be measured in a horizontal direction and as the de- 
 nouncer may direct. 
 
 ART. 105. With regard to concessions upon beds or upon irregu- 
 lar deposits not specified in the foregoing articles, the upper face of 
 the claim shall be a square of 300 meters on each side, which shall 
 be measured in a horizontal direction and laid out as the denouncer 
 may desire. 
 
 If the deposit is of iron, the upper face of the claim shall be a 
 square of 500 meters on each side. 
 
 ART. 106. The demarcation of claims shall be made according to 
 the following conditions: 
 
 I. The working or excavation referred to in article 65 of title 
 IV must be included within the boundaries of the claim. 
 
 II. Whatever may be the irregularities of the ground, the hori- 
 zontal projections of the sides of the rectangle or of the square, in 
 their respective cases, shall have the length designated in the fore- 
 going articles; provided it shall not be permitted for any reason to 
 measure off a fraction of a claim. 
 
 III. All measurements must be made upon lands that are not 
 occupied by any other mining property, so that no claim shall ever 
 overlap that of any neighboring one. 
 
 IV. When a concession consists of several claims, they shall be 
 continuous and must be measured, one on the prolongation of the 
 other, so that the concession shall be bounded by a square or a rect- 
 angle, even if it should be necessary, in order to comply with this 
 prescription, to reduce the number of claims which ought to belong 
 to any miner.* 
 
 ART. 107. Experts must refer the courses of their measurements 
 
 *Under circular of the Department of Public Works dated November 12, 
 1 886, all the claims may be placed along the strike or the dip, some on the 
 strike and the others on the ip, such a way that there never will exist any 
 portion of free ground within the interior of the concession, and so that the 
 sides of some of them may be on the prolongation of the other, it being in- 
 tended that the figure- which limits the surface of the ground which is to be 
 granted, shall have the form of a square or a rectangle; provided all this may 
 be done without injuring the rights of third parties.
 
 MINING LAWS. 161 
 
 to the magnetic meridian, but shall note the variation of the magnetic 
 needle, and shall insert the same in their plans, whenever it is known 
 in the place of their operations; and they must, whenever it is pos- 
 sible, fix the position of the workings of exploration, that of a boiind- 
 ary corner, or that of some one of the lines, by noting their distances 
 from other fixed objects. 
 
 ART. 108. The angles of the rectangle or square of the concession 
 shall be marked by solidly-constructed landmarks, which, if possible, 
 shall be distinguished from those of the neighboring owners by their 
 form or by some sign. 
 
 ART. 109. These landmarks shall be immovable and the miner 
 must preserve them in good condition, making the necessary repairs 
 and abstaining from changing their place. 
 
 ART. 110. If any miner observes that his vein has undergone 
 any perceptible change in its strike or in its dip, and desires to 
 alter his claims, so as to bring them in correspondence with the 
 changes observed, he may petition for new measurements from the 
 Mining Deputation, which may be granted to him after an examina- 
 tion and a report thereon has been made by an expert, if no detri- 
 ment to third parties follows therefrom, and if such a petition is pre- 
 sented before the expiration of one year from the giving of the first 
 possession. 
 
 ART. 111. If there should exist between two or more neighboring 
 claims any piece of free land which is not sufficiently large to con- 
 tain a claim, it shall constitute an addition, which can only be 
 awarded to one of the adjoining mine owners, or divided between 
 the claims which it separates.* 
 
 ART. 112. If the addition should be denounced by one of the 
 miners, on account of having passed out of his claim and entered 
 into the addition with interior workings that have more than 100 
 meters of length or of depth, the addition shall be awarded to him 
 as a wliole-t 
 
 *Under circular of the Department of Public Works dated November 15. 
 ^886, all proceedings for denouncement, awarding, and forfeiture of the 
 additional claims referred to in articles 111, et aeq., shall be the same as those 
 referring to a mine, with the restrictions set forth in said articles. 
 
 tBy virtue of circular of the Department of Public Works dated October 
 5, 1886, the additional ground comprised between several claims is to be 
 
 1O
 
 162 MINING LAWS. 
 
 ART. 11*3. If the addition should be denounced before having 
 been occupied in the interior by any workings, it shall be divided 
 between the adjoining claims, according to agreement between the 
 owners of the same or in default thereof, in equal portions; the 
 cost of the measurements and possession shall be divided between 
 the owners, proportionately to that part of the addition which each 
 one may receive. 
 
 ART. 114. In case that any miner has so far advanced in his sub- 
 terranean workings as to have passed out of the limits of his claim, 
 whether along the strike or transversely, he may continue his work- 
 ings wherever he is in free ground, and may acquire the same by 
 denouncement; provided that no concession shall exceed more than 
 double the measurement first granted, and that the miner shall 
 be required to remove his landmarks to the new limits. 
 
 ART. 115. If the requirements of the working of a mine, such as 
 ventilation, drainage, etc., should oblige the owner to carry any of 
 his workings into other claims, it shall be permitted, whenever in 
 the opinion of an expert, designated by the Mining Deputation, the 
 proposed working shall be useful and that thereby no detriment shall 
 result to the adjoining mine owner. Said workings shall be carried 
 out entirely according to the directions prescribed by the Mining 
 Deputation upon the report of the expert it may designate, and at 
 the exclusive expense of the miner who may be interested in having 
 the labors executed. 
 
 ART. 116. If during the execution of the works referred to in the 
 foregoing article any ore or products of value should be found, the 
 mine owner carrying on the work shall be required to give notice at 
 once to the Deputation and to the owner of the claim, and thereafter 
 must divide with the latter the ores or products and the costs 
 thereof in equal parts, in case that the exploitation is profitable. 
 
 The above prescriptions shall be carried into effect until the 
 
 awarded to that mine owner who has, in some subterranean working of more 
 than 100 meters long, passed out of his own claim and entered within the 
 surplus grounds, even though his workings should have only a small part of 
 their length within the addition. With regard to the one hundred meters of 
 depth, it is to be understood that the shaft or winze must have them; the gal- 
 lery which is directed toward the addition may have any length, however 
 small, it being strictly necessary that it enter within the addition.
 
 MINING LAWS. 163 
 
 owner of the claim shall communicate his own workings with those 
 that are yielding ore; after such a communication is made, the 
 first mine owner shall stop taking out ore from the claim of the 
 other, and shall only proceed with the workings necessary for the 
 convenience of his own mine, according to the authorization as 
 granted him in the foregoing article. 
 
 ART. 117. When a mine owner gets to the boundary of his claim 
 with any working that is yielding ores or products, he may con- 
 tinue onward even into another claim, provided, however, he shall 
 give immediate notice thereof to the Mining Deputation and to the 
 owner of the claim, and thenceforward he shall divide with the 
 latter the products and the costs thereof in equal parts, in case that 
 the exploitation is profitable; .all of which shall be done until the 
 said owner shall communicate his workings with those yielding ore. 
 
 If the mine owner shall not give the notice prescribed in this arti- 
 cle and in the foregoing, he shall pay the value of all the products 
 for ores that he may have taken out of the other claim, without de- 
 duction of the expenses incurred, and he shall be forbidden to con- 
 tinue utilizing the part that might have belonged to him. 
 
 ART. 118. As soon as the communication referred to in the fore- 
 going article has been made, each miner shall keep within the limits 
 of his claim, fixing on the dividing line, whenever necessary, a grat- 
 ing that will prevent the passage of the operatives, but which 
 must not obstruct the free circulation of air. 
 
 TITLE VI. OF THE MANNER OF WORKING MINES. 
 
 ART. 119. Mines shall be worked according to the rules of min- 
 ing scientific principles, and subject to the presciiptions of this title, 
 but nevertheless the police regulations shall also be observed, in so 
 far as they relate to the works or workings which may be under- 
 taken in the mines. 
 
 ART. 120. In the working of mines the following prescriptions 
 shall be complied with: 
 
 I. By natural or artificial means the necessary ventilation shall 
 be maintained. 
 
 II. The interior passages shall be sufficiently ample, and when- 
 ever the number of operatives shall exceed fifty, there shall not oe 
 less than two passages that must communicate with the exterior.
 
 164 MINING LAWS. 
 
 III. Weak workings shall be strengthened with timber or masonry 
 work, by constructing at convenient places such arches, bridges, 
 pillars, and supports, as may be necessary to prevent any sliding 
 down or caving in. 
 
 IV. In case of not preserving the natural pillars and supports of 
 the deposit, which are ordinarily left to sustain the slopes, all such 
 work of strengthening shall be done, as may be necessary for the 
 security of the mine itself and of the operatives engaged therein. 
 
 V. The workings and passages shall be kept clear, the rubbish 
 being placed in the interior, in the cavities that may be found from 
 the sloping out of the deposit, or on the surface at points where it 
 will not obstruct public roads, nor prevent the flow of streams. 
 
 VI. When the labor on a mine, requires the drainage of its 
 workings, the same shall be maintained continuously. 
 
 ART. 121. To secure the fulfillment of these conditions, and of 
 the police regulations relative to the workings of mines, the authori- 
 ties will exercise proper vigilance through the Mining Deputations, 
 the mining engineers, or any agents they may find proper to em- 
 ploy. 
 
 ART. 122. Mining Deputations are obliged to visit or to order 
 examined whenever they may deem it necessary, or at least once in 
 two years, the mines comprised within their respective districts.* 
 
 *Under circular of the Department of Public Works dated October 29, 1886, 
 every two years each Deputation must appoint an expert who, accompanied 
 by two witnesses, shall visit all the mines comprised within the district and 
 render a detailed report concerning the condition of each one of them; they 
 shall make extraordinary visits whenever they obtain reliable information as 
 to the bad condition of any mine, in which case the Deputation shall ac- 
 company the expert, if it deem it proper to do so, and in all cases an en- 
 deavor shall be made to render the visit as economical as possible. 
 
 By virtue of circular dated January 10, 1887, whenever an expert may have 
 to go over a long distance, owing to the fact that he has to visit several mines 
 distant from each other, the Deputation must appoint several experts instead 
 of one, and each if possible from the place where the mine is situated, in order 
 to reduce the expense of the visit to the various mines. 
 
 Under circular dated March 15, 1887, the Deputations, or the political au- 
 thorities performing their duties, must send to the Department a copy of every 
 report made by the experts on their visits, either biennial or extraordinary, 
 to any mine, and also render reports on the visits which the Deputations them- 
 selves may make.
 
 MINING LAWS. 165 
 
 ART. 123. These visits may be made by the Mining Deputation 
 accompanied by an expert, or it may order the latter to make such 
 visits accompanied by a notary or by witnesses. In the report 
 of the visits shall be stated the condition in which the mine may be 
 found, and also whatever may be observed relative to article 120 of 
 this title. If any infractions are observed, the Mining Deputation 
 shall give, in writing, adequate wai-ning to the owner of the mine to 
 correct the same within proper time, which shall be stated to him.* 
 
 ART. 124. If the owner of the mine shall not comply with what 
 the Deputation has prescribed, by remedying the infractions which 
 have been noticed, he shall be fined, according to the discretion of 
 said Deputation, and in proportion to the gravity of the infraction, 
 from fifty to two hundred and fifty dollars for the first offense. If 
 the disobedience is repeated, the Deputation shall double the fine 
 and order the partial or total suspension of the" working of the mine, 
 until the execution of the works that have been ordered. 
 
 ART. 125. If by the method indicated or owing to some complaint 
 (in which case a visit to the mine shall be made in the same man- 
 ner), it should appear that the infractions are serious, so that on 
 account of them the prosecution of the working of the mine is hin 
 dered, or the lives or health of the operatives is imperiled, the 
 Mining Deputation shall take such measures as it may deem nec- 
 
 *A circular dated June 24, 1887, gives the following rules for the official 
 visits to be made to all mines, in conformity with articles 122 and 123 of the 
 Code: 
 
 I. The visits to mines are of two kinds, biennial or ordinary and extraor- 
 dinary. 
 
 II. Biennial visits shall be made every two years, beginning in the month 
 of January, and only to those mines that have been under possession for 
 more than six months, and which have not enjoyed any special protection 
 during that time. 
 
 III. Biennial visits are not to be made to any mine that is under special pro- 
 tection under the Code. 
 
 IV. Biennial visits shall always be made by an expert and two witnesses. 
 
 V. The corresponding fees of the experts and witnesses must be paid by the 
 mine owners; but the Mining Deputations, or authorities performing their 
 duties, are to see that before the visits an arrangement is entered into between 
 the owners and the expert and witnesses, whereby the fees for such visits 
 may be according to the relative importance of each mine and taking into ac- 
 count the number of mines to be visited, and not with strict adherence to the
 
 166 MINING LAWS. 
 
 essary, and may go so far as to cause, as a precautionary measure, 
 the suspension of the workings in the whole mine, or in certain por- 
 tions thereof, according as the case may require it. If a total sus- 
 pension of the workings should be ordered, and if the owner does not 
 correct the indicated evil within the period of six months, he shall 
 lose the ownership of the mine, which may be awarded to whoever 
 may denounce it under title of abandonment, according to the provis- 
 ions of article 50. 
 
 ART. 126. If the parties concerned in the mine do not wish to 
 abide by the decisions of the Mining Deputation, they shall be exe- 
 cuted notwithstanding, and the record shall be forwarded to the 
 proper judicial authority for its decision according to law. 
 
 The said authority, after hearing the parties concerned and re- 
 ceiving from them the evidence they may adduce within a term of 
 not more than fifteen days, shall decide whatever may be proper in 
 the premises, and from the decision so given there shall be no recourse, 
 except that of responsibility. 
 
 ART. 127. In these cases the decision shall be given after citation 
 to the official who ordered the suspension, and the evidence shall 
 also be received after citation to the same; but if there should be a 
 denouncer who asks that the mine be awarded to him, the legal pro- 
 schedule. The two witnesses should, if possible, be taken from the mines 
 themselves, in order to avoid paying them fees for mileage. 
 
 VI. Extraordinary visits are to be made whenever t by common reports 
 well established, any mine is thought not to be worked according to the law, 
 In this case the authority that receives such information shall communicate it 
 to the Department of Public Works, which will decide as to whether the visit 
 should be made. 
 
 VII. The Department in these cases will decide if the visit is to be made by 
 an expert and two witnesses, or whether the Mining Deputation is to accom- 
 pany the expert. 
 
 VIII. Only in case the Department has ordered a Deputation to make" an 
 extraordinary visit, can such Deputation charge fees for their visits. 
 
 IX. Experts must carefully note in their visits the condition of fortifications, 
 etc., of the mine, and whether the police regulations are duly complied with, 
 also the state of the mine with respect to richness. 
 
 X. Experts shall report to the Deputation as to what work is urgently 
 needed in the mine, and the time it will take to perform the same, so that the 
 Deputation may give the ne< essary orders, in confoimity with aiticle 123, and 
 the succeeding ones of the Mining Code.
 
 MINING LAWS. 167 
 
 ceedings shall be carried on in the manner prescribed in articles 70, 
 71, and from 78 to 83 of title IV. 
 
 ART. 128. The management of the interior and exterior works of 
 any mine, the redaction of the ores, and the establishment, con- 
 struction, and preservation of machinery, shall necessarily be com- 
 mitted to the care of scientific or practical experts of known apti- 
 tude. 
 
 ART. 129. Accidents that, through unskillfulness, may happen in 
 the working of any mine, or from the use of machinery, shall be 
 upon the responsibility of the miner, when he does not employ gi'ad- 
 uated or practical experts according to the foregoing article. 
 
 ART. 130. In case mines are not managed by graduated mining 
 experts, in places where they can be had, the Mining Deputations 
 shall take care that such expsrts take part: 
 
 I. In the laying out of important works, such as tunnels, work- 
 ing shafts, galleries of co nmunications, etc., with the obligation to 
 visit the work every one or two months, as its progress may demand, 
 so as to avoid in time any error in the execution thereof. 
 
 II. In the communications to be made with inundated workings 
 or with those that contain mephitic gases. 
 
 III. In the execution of workings near the surface that might 
 endanger the security of buildings or inhabitants. 
 
 ART. 131. The superintendents of mines shall give notice to the 
 local Mining Deputation, and, in the proper case, to the executive 
 or judicial authority, of the death, or of any serious accident to any 
 operative, when it occurs within the mine, and also of any calamity 
 that may occur therein, such as a cave-in, an inundation, a tire, etc. 
 
 ART. 132. Tho^e mining enterprises whose operatives may exceed 
 two hundred in number, shall keep a medicine chest, and shall have 
 \n their employment a surgeon to attend at first to the operatives, in 
 case of any accidents that may occur during the exploitation of the 
 mine. 
 
 TITLE VII. OF THE DRAINAGE OP MINES, OF ADVENTURER TUN- 
 NELS, AND OF GALLERIES OF EXPLORATION. 
 
 ART. 133. Mine owners must continually maintain the drainage 
 of the mines by means of shafts or of tunnels, and by employing the 
 adequate resources and expedients of mining principles, so that if
 
 168 MINING LAWS. 
 
 any mine owner shall confine himself to the working of the upper 
 levels of his mine without maintaining the drainage, the mine may 
 be denounced according to the provisions of articles 59 and 60. 
 
 ART. 134. If the owner of any mine that has workings below 
 those of the neighboring mine*, should be burdened with the costs of 
 drainage, because in the latter, mines they do not maintain it, or 
 do not maintain all that may be necessary, thereby permitting the 
 water from such mines to flow to his own, the^ said owner shall 
 have a right to be indemnified by the owners of the mines thus ben- 
 efited, and the latter must contribute to the costs of drainage in 
 proportion to the benefits they may receive. 
 
 ART. 135. Owners of any mines that may be completely drained 
 shall deliver as indemnity to whoever keeps up the drainage, the 
 tenth part of all the products they may extract from below the level 
 that the experts shall fix beforehand. 
 
 ART 136. If the drainage should not be complete, being only 
 partially done, the compensation above mentioned shall be dimin- 
 ished more or less according to the estimate of experts, one to be 
 named by each party concerned, and a third, in case of disagree- 
 ment, to be appointed by the Mining Deputation. 
 
 ART. 137. Mines that are newly opened at places where they may 
 be benefited by the drainage already existing in other mines, shall 
 be subject to the provisions of the foregoing articles. 
 
 ART. 138. The provisions of the three foregoing articles shall only 
 be enforced when the parties concerned do not arrive at an agree- 
 ment upon that point; for if there should be an agreement they 
 must abide by it. 
 
 ART. 139. If the opening of a tunnel would facilitate the drain- 
 age, exploration, or exploitation of several mines opened upon any 
 class of deposits, and if all the mine owners, or some of them, or an 
 outside party, either alone or associated with various partners (even 
 if none of the latter should be owners of any claims through which 
 the tunnel must pass), shall offer to open said tunnel, tlie proposi- 
 tion of the party or parties undertaking the work and the denounce- 
 ment they must present, shall be allowed under the following con- 
 ditions: 
 
 I. That the work shall be possible and useful, in the opinion of 
 an expert named by the Mining Deputation.
 
 MINING LAWS. 169 
 
 II. That the petition of denouncement shall be accompanied by 
 a plan formed by an expert, on which shall be marked the line of 
 direction of the tunnel, the mining claims through which it is to 
 pass, and also those that are within the distance of 100 meters on' 
 each side. 
 
 ART. 140. In the denouncements for such tunnels the proceedings 
 established for the acquirement of new mines shall be observed, and 
 the dimensions of their claims in any portions of free ground shall 
 be the following: 
 
 I. If the adventurer tunnel is to be opened along a vein, the 
 width of the rectangle shall be that which corresponds to the greater 
 or smaller dip of the vein, according to the provisions of article 101, 
 and its length shall be that of the tunnel to be made. 
 
 II. If the greater part of the tunnel is to be opened outside of 
 any vein or deposit, the claim thereof shall be 100 meters in width, 
 distributed in equal portions on each side of the line or lines marked 
 for the tunnel, and the length shall be that of the tunnel itself. In 
 those portions of the land where there are mines under possession, 
 the vacant addition may be granted to the adventurer, and his 
 measurements may be permitted to cross other claims, provided al- 
 ways that he respects the ownership of the same. 
 
 ART. 141. The mine owner or the company that may undertake 
 an adventurer tunnel must comply with the special prescriptions 
 which, in conformity with the opinion of an expert, the Mining 
 Deputation shall lay down for the execution thereof at the time of 
 giving possession, it being further provided that in the carrying 
 out and legal protection of the work, the provisions of the fore- 
 going titles shall be observed. The workings of such tunnels shall 
 approximately follow the line or lines laid down in the concession; 
 but if it should be more convenient for the party who undertakes 
 the work to vary the direction, he may present a petition therefor, 
 and may be allowed to do so without detriment to third parties, 
 provided the proceedings of a new denouncement are first complied 
 with. 
 
 ART. 142. The owner or the person undertaking an adventurer 
 tunnel shall be entitled to the following concessions: 
 
 I. He may work, not only in vacant ground, but also within the 
 claims of mines occupied, without injuring the security thereof.
 
 170 MINING LAWS. 
 
 II. He may denounce at the time of planning the tunnel or dur- 
 ing its execution, and may acquire as many as five new or aban- 
 doned mines, each one with the claims granted to a company, -always 
 provided that they shall be less than 150 meters distant from the 
 line of the tunnel. 
 
 III. If during the execution of the tunnel, new veins or deposits 
 should be discovered after a previous denouncement, and the pro- 
 ceedings incident thereto, besid what is granted in the foregoing 
 subdivision, the owner or person undertaking the work may acquire 
 three claims upon each one of the said veins or deposits, if working 
 alone, and four if working with a company, as also the whole of the 
 additions wherever there may not be room for a complete claim. 
 
 IV. The concessions referred to in the foregoing two subdivisions 
 shall be considered as annexed to the tunnel and as protected by the 
 working thereof, but when the tunnel is finished each concession 
 shall be worked separately. 
 
 AKT. 143. When the tunnels have for their principal object the 
 drainage of the mines, and where MO agreement therefor exists, the 
 owner or person undertaking the work shall receive the compensa- 
 tion mentioned in the articles 135, 136, and 137 of this title, with- 
 out interfering with their other prerogatives as such adventurers. 
 
 ART. 144. If the owners of any tunnel should find ores in their 
 workings in the claims of other persons, they shall be obliged to 
 give immediate notice thereof to the Deputation and to the owner of 
 the claim, and to divide with the latter the ores and their cost in 
 equal parts, always provided that the extraction thereof be profitable; 
 the foregoing shall be done until the owner of the claim may break 
 through and communicate with the tunnel workings, after which 
 time the owners of the tunnel must cease to appropriate the ores so 
 found. 
 
 ART. '145. If the adventurer, or those who undertake the work on 
 the tunnel, shall not give in proper time the notice referred to in 
 the foregoing article, they shall pay to the owner of the claim, in 
 conformity with the valuation of experts, the entire value of the 
 ores that they may ascertain to have extracted, without deducting 
 the expenses incurred thereby, and they shall be prohibited from 
 continuing to appropriate the portion that might have belonged to 
 them.
 
 MINING LAWS. 171 
 
 ART. 146. If the tunnel should be utilized by any mines for the 
 purposes of transportation and extraction, they shall pay the adven- 
 turer that which they may have agreed to, or, in case no agreement 
 has besn made, they shall deliver to him five per cent of the ores 
 they may take out through the tunnel. 
 
 ART. 147. Neither the owner of an adventurer tunnel, nor in 
 general any other miner, shall have a right to be compensated for 
 the service of ventilation that he may afford to other mines, by means 
 of his works of communication. 
 
 ART. 148. When, in any mine, one or more shafts are fitted up 
 with proper machinery to raise water to the surface, and thereby 
 cause the general drainage of several mines, such shafts, after a 
 proper petition has been presented, and after a favorable report 
 thereon from two experts that the Mining Deputation shall appoint, 
 may be considered as general shafts, and the galleries and drifts 
 that lead away therefrom shall be held as adventurer tunnels, with 
 all the rights and obligations of the latter, and may be continued 
 onward even into claims of the other owners. 
 
 ART. 149. Whenever- a gallery of exploration, or other working of 
 common utility to various mines, even though it should not be for 
 the purpose of drainage, and should have to be opened in the claims 
 of other owners, is to be started from a shaft or other subterraneous 
 workings, it may be permitted to be made, if it should be really use- 
 ful in the opinion of two experts appointed by the Mining Deputa- 
 tion. 
 
 ART. 150. The conditions under which the works mentioned in 
 the foregoing article are to be executed, shall be those prescribed for 
 the adventurer tunnels. 
 
 The distribution of the expenses thereof, and of the ores and prod- 
 ucts between the several mines, shall be made according to agree- 
 
 ' O O 
 
 ment, and in default thereof proportionally in conformity with the 
 opinion of experts, applying thereto the principles that refer to 
 similar cases in adventurer tunnels. 
 
 TITLE VIII. OP MINING COMPANIES. 
 
 ART. 151. Partnerships or companies that may be formed for 
 working mines and the operation of reduction works, shall be regu- 
 lated by the provisions of the Civil Code of the Federal District, in
 
 172 MINING LAWS. 
 
 so far as the same may not be modified by the special provisions of 
 this title. 
 
 ART. 152. Every mine, whether consisting of one, two, or more 
 claims, according to the title of concession thereof, is indivisible in 
 the sense of not being allowed to be separated, so as to be subdi- 
 vided between different owners, and also in the sense that the part- 
 ners of a mining company shall have no right to insist on working 
 for their separate individual account any particular claim or por- 
 tion of the mine or mines that comprise the object of the company; 
 but the work must be done jointly, and the costs and products shall 
 be divided according to agreement, and in the absence thereof, pro- 
 portionally to the share represented by each person: 
 
 ART. 153. Every company formed for working mines may acquii-e, 
 according to the provisions of article 49, by denouncement, four 
 continuous claims upon the same vein or deposit. 
 
 ART. 154. Every mining company must be constituted by a deed 
 duly recorded as the necessary requisite for its validity.* 
 
 ART. 155. The contract for the formation of the company must 
 necessarily contain the name and domicile of each one of the part- 
 ners, and the share represented by each one, or the part he may 
 have in the company; the latter will not be considered as constituted 
 unless the above requisites are complied with. 
 
 ART. 156. In every mining partnership, or company, the mine 
 shall be considered as divided into a certain number of shares, and 
 each partner shall have a right to one or several of such shares, 
 according to the agreement entered into. 
 
 ART. 157. Any one of the partners shall be free to dispose of 
 the share that he may represent, but the other partners shall have 
 no right of preference for the same price. Notice must be given to 
 the director or manager of the company of the person to whom any 
 share may have been transferred, except in case that the shares are 
 represented by certificates in favor of bearer. 
 
 ART. 158. The death of any partner shall not dissolve the com- 
 pany, but it shall continue with his hairs, who may make use of the 
 right granted in the foregoing article. 
 
 * Under circular of the Department of Public Works dated March 31, 1886, 
 the deed for the organization of a mining company must be executed before, 
 and not after, possession of the mine is taken and work thereon is com- 
 menced.
 
 MINING LAWS. 173 
 
 ART. 159. It is not necessary that the capital of any company 
 formed for the working of mines shall be fixed or determinate. 
 
 ART. 160. In mining companies the partners are only responsible 
 for the amount or value of their shares, deducting therefrom what 
 they may have contributed towards the operations, if a determinate 
 value has been fixed for the shares at the time of the formation of 
 the company; otherwise, the partner shall not be responsible for the 
 obligations contracted by the company, except up to the value of 
 the mine or undertaking itself, including whatever may belong 
 thereto. 
 
 ART. 161. Notwithstanding that a mine is real and immovable 
 property, and subject, on that account, to all the provisions of the 
 Civil Code of the Federal District as to real estate, in whatever re- 
 lates to its sale or transfer of dominion, mortgage, and other con- 
 tracts, nevertheless, the shares in any mining company or partner- 
 ship shall be considered personal property for all legal purposes. 
 
 ART. 162. The shares of mines, or I/eduction works, referred to in 
 the foregoing article shall be represented by certificates drawn to 
 bearer or order, and transferable by simple indorsement, without 
 the other stockholders having any right to be preferred as purchas- 
 ers for an amount equal to that offered by any other person. 
 
 ART. 163. If no stipulations are contained in the contract for the 
 formation of the company, the decision of any questions that may 
 arise with relation to the working, management, etc., shall be made 
 by the partners, by a majority of votes; but in order to pass any 
 resolution that implies the sale of the ownership of any mine, a 
 unanimous vote shall be required. 
 
 ART. 164. In the deliberations of such companies, the owner or 
 owners of one share shall have one vote, and the owner of more 
 than one share shall be considered when voting with the representa- 
 tion that may correspond to the number of shares that he may 
 have, but if one person should be the sole owner of one-half or more 
 of the shares, his vote shall always be considered as one less than 
 half thereof. 
 
 ART. 165. In all cases where no decision can be obtained owing 
 to the equality of the votes, an appeal may be had to the Mining 
 Deputation, which shall decide without further proofs than the 
 knowledge of what has occurred and been said at the meeting, and
 
 174 MINING LAWS. 
 
 the Deputation shall take into account the equity between the part- 
 ners and the interest of mining industry, when adopting a determi- 
 nation of the case. 
 
 ART. 166. In order that any resolutions adopted may be valid, 
 it shall be necessary to have notice of the meeting or citation given 
 to all the shareholders, stating the object of the meeting or the sub- 
 ject to be discussed, and such citation or notice shall be issued at 
 least fifteen days in advance; furthermore, the attendance of the 
 majority, or of one more than half of the shares is required, but if 
 for want of such attendance a new citation has to be issued, the 
 meeting then may be held with the number of shares that are rep- 
 resented by the persons that may attend. 
 
 ART. 167. The citation referred to in the foregoing article shall 
 be made personally to the known shareholders that may reside or 
 have a representative in the same place, and to the remaining share- 
 holders through the official newspaper of the district, if there should 
 be one, and it' there is none, by means of that of the capital of the 
 State. 
 
 ART. 168. Any partner who shall neglect to contribute the por. 
 tion of the expenses that correspond to him, and who does not pay 
 his assessment within the period of two months, shall lose his shares; 
 these shall be declared without owner, and the remaining shares 
 shall be proportionally increased in the manner and under the con- 
 ditions stated in the following articles. 
 
 ART. 169. In order to declare any share without owner there 
 must first be notice given by the contributing shareholders, or by 
 the manager or superintendent of the mine, to the proper Deputa- 
 tion, so that note may be taken of the date on which the owner of 
 said share neglected to contribute; and that thereupon the share 
 may be declared without owner by said Deputation, if two months 
 elapse without payment being made by such shareholder. 
 
 ART. 170. If it should not be shown that the stockholder has had 
 notice of the assessment voted or demanded, and of the payments 
 that he was bound to make, and that he has demurred or refused to 
 pay up, the two months' time fixed in the preceding articles shall 
 only begin after the shareholder has been notified by the Deputation 
 of the obligation he has to meet, and of the amount that he must 
 contribute. If the shareholder should not be known, or should be
 
 MINING LAWS. 175 
 
 absent, the notice sliall be made through the newspapers and for a 
 period of fifteen days, as is provided for the notice of meetings or 
 assemblies in article 167. 
 
 ART. 171. In case that any shares are declared to be lost or with- 
 out an owner by the Deputation, the si iareh older, owner of the same, 
 who does not wish to abi-le by that determination, may bring suit 
 against the company that has petitioned for such determination, by 
 applying to a competent civil court, provided that he shall do so 
 within fifteen days calculated from the time when he shall have been 
 notified of the said determination and not afterwards. 
 
 ART. 172. The partner whose shares have been declared without 
 an owner shall, in the absence of a contrary agreement, preserve 
 only the right to be- reimbursed of what he may have paid in. This 
 reimbursement shall be made out of fifty per cent of the net profit 
 of the mine, after making tlie payment of all the expenses incurred 
 by the remaining partners, both before and after the determination 
 as to the share being without an owner. 
 
 ART. 173. The partners in the absence of any contrary agreement, 
 shall not have any obligation to reduce their ores in common, nor 
 to contribute to the purchase or establishment of reduction works. 
 The division of the ore extracted between the partners, proportion- 
 ally to the shares that each one represents, shall not be made until 
 after everyone has paid in the portion of the expenses of the mine 
 that corresponds to him. 
 
 ART. 174. The foregoing rules and prescriptions shall only be 
 applicable in the absence of an agreement, but if others are adopted 
 in the contract entered into, or in the respective by-laws, the latter 
 sliall be enforced; still the provisions of articles 152, 154, 155, 156, 
 158, and 161 of this title cannot be renounced, nor can they be 
 altered or modified by private parties. 
 
 TITLE IX. OF CONTRACTS OF HABILITATION* AND OF OTHER CON- 
 TRACTS IN RELATION TO MINES. 
 
 ART. 175. The contract of habilitation may be made either by 
 the habilitator acquiring a portion of the mine, or as a mere loan or 
 
 *The contract of avio has been called of habilitation, by employing an ob- 
 solete English word, which has been generally adopted by English-speaking 
 residents of the Republic to designate such a contract. Avio means the con-
 
 176 MINING LAWS. 
 
 assistance; and in either case the stipulations of the agreement shall 
 be complied with; or, in default thereof, the following rules must 
 be followed, although the provisions contained in articles 181, 183, 
 and 186 cannot be modified or avoided. 
 
 ART. 176. When in the contract of habilitation it is provided 
 that the habilitator acquire a share in the mine, he shall keep the 
 same and the administration thereof while he maintains the habili- 
 tation; and the net profits shall be used in the first place to pay 
 off the debt of habilitation, and afterward they shall be divided 
 between the owner and the habilitator in proportion to the share 
 which each one of them may have. 
 
 The habilitator or habilitators may terminate the contract of ha- 
 bilitation whenever he or they may so desire, by losing in such a 
 case the portion of the mine which they had conditionally acquired, 
 and the latter shall again become the property of the original owner 
 or owners, whilst the habilitator shall preserve the right to be re- 
 payed whatever he may have spent, as long as the ownership of the 
 mine is not lost. 
 
 ART. 177. If the capital of habilitation is exhausted or be only 
 partly repaid, the miner shall not be obliged to repay it with his 
 other property, but only out of the net profits of the mine. Fifty 
 per cent of such profits, after payment of the last habilitation, shall 
 be devoted to the payment of the former habilitators one after the 
 other, beginning with the latest or newest, always provided that the 
 capital shall have been spent in the exploration of the mine. 
 
 The debts, charges, or mortgages that any mine may have, are 
 extinguished in case that the property is lost owing to abandonment 
 or for nonobservance of the provisions of this Code, and they shall 
 not be recoverable when the mine is in the hands of a new owner. 
 
 ART. 178. A contract of habilitation entered into as a loan, 
 whether it earns interest or not, or under the condition of receiving 
 the silver or ores with some profit, shall be repaid only with the 
 products of the mine, and shall not imply any other security except 
 
 tract whereby a capitalist furnishes money to work a mine; he is said to be 
 the aviador, and the mine so worked is spoken of as aviadtt. Of course 
 custom alone has in Mexico sanctioned the use of the words "habilitation," 
 "habilitator," and "habilitated," to substitute the corresponding Spanish 
 words.
 
 MINING LAWS. 177 
 
 the mine itself, unless mortgages of other properties or other securi- 
 ties have been given, or especially stipulated for in the contract. 
 
 ART. 179. With the exception of operatives' wages due and un- 
 paid, the claim of the habilitator referred to in the preceding article 
 shall be preferred to any other claim that does not proceed from a 
 contract of habilitation, provided the capital has been used in the 
 mine; and as between several habilitators the preference shall be 
 given to the latest, or to the last one of the preceding ones. 
 
 ART. 180. If the mine itself and its machinery, stores, and other 
 valuable things that form part of the undertaking, should be at- 
 tached and sold in execution, the provisions of the foregoing articles 
 shall be observed in favor of the habilitators, as to the preference of 
 their several claims among themselves, and with regard to the other 
 creditors. 
 
 ART. 181. Every contract of habilitation must be ^executed by 
 recorded deed; and if this requirement is not complied with, it 
 shall have no validity, nor can it have any legal effect. 
 
 ART. 182. If the habilitation should be made for any fixed period, 
 or if the habilitator should agree to advance any specified amount 
 of capital to the miner, the former, in case of suspending or ceasing 
 to furnish the funds under the contract of habilitation before 
 fully complying with his agreement, shall lose the right to collect 
 whatever amount he may have advanced, without prejudice to the 
 right that the miner shall have- to demand the carrying out of the 
 contract', and to look for another habilitator. 
 
 ART. 183. Any miner to whom his habilitator does not advance 
 the wages of the operatives at the proper time, may take and sell 
 for the payment thereof, and, notwithstanding any agreement to the 
 contrary, all such articles or tools as may be easiest to realize on, 
 and any loss that may be suffered thereby, shall be for account of 
 the habilitator. 
 
 ART. 184. Any habilitator who does not manage the mine may 
 put in an intervenor, and the miner or owner may, in his turn, put 
 in an intervenor as against the habilitator, if the latter has the man- 
 agement of the mine, under the terms of the contract. 
 
 ART. 185. The intervenors referred to in the foregoing article 
 
 shall not interfere with the management, and they shall confine 
 
 hemselves to watch and examine the operations, books and accounts; 
 
 11
 
 178 MINING LAWS. 
 
 but they must give notice to the habilitator or to the owner, which- 
 ever they may represent, of everything that it may be to their inter- 
 est to know, and in serious and urgent cases, and when it is neces- 
 sary to prevent some abuse or damage, they may give information 
 thereof to the local Mining Deputation. 
 
 ART. 186. With regard to sales or contracts relating to mines 
 there shall not be in any case a right to bring the action of recision 
 on account of partial failure of consideration, nor to the action of 
 entire restitution. 
 
 ART. 187. The salary, day's wages, division of ore, or any other 
 system of payment of operatives that may be adopted in mining 
 enterprises, is a matter for private arrangement between the owners 
 of the same and the employes or operatives, and all contracts relat- 
 ing thereto shall be governed by the provisions of the ordinary laws. 
 
 TITLE X. OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IN MINING CASES. 
 
 ART. 188. The Deputations must observe, in all that refers to 
 the economical and administrative portions of legal proceedings 
 in mining matters, the provisions laid down in titles IV and VI of 
 this Code. 
 
 ART. 189. All litigation in mining matters shall be heard and 
 ultimately decided in the Federal District, in the territory of Lower 
 California, and in each State, by the judges and courts having j uri si- 
 diction thereof, and according to the local appropriate laws of pro- 
 ceedings, but always observing the rules prescribed in the fbllowing 
 articles. 
 
 * ART. 1 90. The proceedings shall always be of a summary char- 
 acter whenever the litigation has not, owing to its proper nature, 
 some special or briefer form by the law of proceedings of the State 
 in which the mine is situated, or by that of the Federal District or 
 Territory in the corresponding case. 
 
 ART. 191. Work in any mine or reduction works cannot be sus- 
 pended owing to any litigation, attachment, or execution, but an in- 
 tervenor may be put in charge of the property. 
 
 ART. 192. Machinery, tools, utensils, and provisions necessary to, 
 or existing in, any mine or reduction works, cannot be levied upon or 
 attached separately from the business for any debt of the mine 
 owner; only for the payment of the wages of the operatives may this
 
 MINING LAWS. 179 
 
 be effected out of such property seized and taken, though only in 
 such amount as may be necessary and sufficient* for that purpose. 
 
 ART. 193. In any case of attachment or of execution the products 
 of any mine or reduction works shall be, by preference, used for 
 the continuance of the labors undertaken. 
 
 ART. 194. In cases of insolvency, or of proceedings testamentary, 
 or of administration of an estate, if there should exist among the 
 property any mine or reduction works, the continuance of the labors 
 therein shall be attended to by the judge or by the representative 
 of the creditors, or of the estate, and if the products of the said 
 mine or reduction works shall not be sufficient for such labors, and 
 if all the parties concerned do not present themselves to contribute 
 thereto, any one of them may pay the expenses thereof, in which 
 case the latter shall have the same rights as a habilitator, with re- 
 gard to whatever he may advance and invest for said purpose, and 
 if a creditor, for his original claim; but should none of the parties 
 concerned contribute, an outside habilitator may be sought. 
 
 ART. 195. Any creditor in execution shall have the right granted 
 in the foregoing article if, when the products are not sufficient to 
 continue the labors and the person in possession under execution 
 does not provide for the same, said creditors shall offer to do so. 
 
 TITLE XL OF TAXES UPON MINING. 
 
 ART. 196. During the period of fifty years, calculated from the 
 date of this law, all mines of mineral coal of every kind, of iron and 
 of quicksilver, and the products of such mines, shall be exempt 
 from all direct taxes. 
 
 ART. 197. The circulation in the interior of the Republic of gold 
 and silver, in bars or coined, of other metals, and of all the products 
 of the mines, shall be exempt from all duties or taxes. 
 
 AtRT. 198. Quicksilver shall continue to be exempt from all im- 
 port duties and from the payment of direct taxes. 
 
 ART. 199. Beside the imports or duties of coinage and of expor- 
 tation already existing, or that may be established, such mines as 
 are not excepted in article 196 and the products thereof, shall not 
 pay more than one single direct tax, which shall be levied upon the 
 value of the oive or substance taken out of the mines, without deduc- 
 tion of expenses, and such tax shall never exceed two per cent of 
 said value.
 
 180 MINING LAWS. 
 
 ART. 200. The direct tax to which reference is made in the fore- 
 going article, shall be for the use of the State where the mine may 
 be situated, or for the Federal Government if located within the 
 Federal District or territory of Lower California, and for that 
 reason the rate of such tax, within the limit prescribed, shall be 
 annually determined by the Legislatures of the respective States, 
 and, in the proper case, by the Congress of the Union, taking into 
 account the requirements of the treasury and the protection which 
 must be given to mining industry. 
 
 ART. 201. Reduction works, or metallurgical shops of any kind, 
 shall only pay to the State in which they may be situated, or to the 
 Federation, if located in the Federal District or in the territory of 
 Lower California, the same taxes which in their respective districts 
 are levied upon other industrial establishments, without any differ- 
 ence whatever. 
 
 ART. 202. The Federal Government shall receive, as is already 
 prescribed, twenty-five per cent of the taxes which, according to the 
 preceding articles, are levied by the States. 
 
 TITLE XII. GENERAL PROVISIONS. 
 
 ART. 203. It is the duty of Mining Deputations, in addition 
 to those that are especially prescribed in this law, to oversee the 
 xact observance and fulfillment of its prescriptions in the mines 
 and reduction works within their respective districts, under the 
 instructions and direction of the Department of Public Works. In 
 serious and urgent cases, which may not allow them time to con- 
 milt with said Department, the Deputations may decree, upon then- 
 own responsibility, such measures or proceedings as they may deem 
 necessary or timely, for the preservation and proper regulation of 
 the workings and labors in the mines, and the local authorities must 
 lend them assistance for the execution thereof, if it should be ne*ces. 
 sary. 
 
 ART. 204. The persons who may comprise any Mining Deputa- 
 tion shall be treated with all the respect which, according to law, 
 should be had toward public authorities and functionaries; and in 
 case of any accusation against any Deputy on account of some act 
 relative to his office, the only tribunal competent to 'try him shall 
 be that which has jurisdiction in cases against judges of first in- 
 stance.
 
 MINING LAWS. 181 
 
 ART. 205. Mining Deputies and the employes of the Deputations 
 shall be responsible for any crimes or abuses they may commit in 
 the exercise of their duties, in conformity with the provisions of the 
 Penal Code of the Federal District. 
 
 ART. 206. For any minor offenses that they may commit, and in 
 cases of complaints for having delayed the dispatch of business un- 
 duly and without justified cause, persons constituting Mining Dep- 
 utations may be suspended and fined in conformity with the order 
 given by the Department of Public Works.* 
 
 ART. 207. The Deputations shall receive the fees that are fixed in 
 the schedule to be prepared by the Department of Public Works for 
 the legal acts performed by them, or the proceedings in which they 
 may take part. 
 
 ART. 208. The fees referred to in the foregoing article, and those 
 that said schedule shall fix for experts, must be paid by those de- 
 nouncing mining properties or commencing proceedings in mining 
 matters; but in case any denouncement founded on the fact that 
 a mine is being improperly worked should prove to be well founded, 
 if the person denouncing it does not take possession, because the 
 owner or possessor remedies the evil complained of within the 
 period decreed, the costs of the denouncement shall be satisfied by 
 the said owner or possessor. 
 
 ART. 209. All owners or habilitators of mines must have, within 
 the district in which is situated the mine that they own, or is being 
 worked under their contract of habilitation, in case they absent 
 themselves therefrom, an agent or attorney-in-fact duly accredited, 
 with whom the authorities may communicate regarding all legal pro- 
 ceedings that may arise. In default of such an agent or attorney- 
 in-fact, they shall communicate and act with the manager or person 
 in charge of the business if he is to be found therein, and in 
 default of such person with any one of the employes. If none of 
 those persons are to be found, judgment shall go by default, in con- 
 formity with the law of proceedings relative thereto. 
 
 *Under circular of the Department of Public Works dated October 8, 1886, 
 Mining Deputations are responsible under article 206 for the failure of any 
 expert to present any report or any labors intrusted to him, within the period 
 that the Deputations must specify beforehand, and the duration whereof must 
 depend on the nature of the business in question.
 
 182 MINING LAWS. 
 
 ART. 210. The Executive, in conformity with article 21 of the 
 Constitution, shall designate the penalties to be incurred by those 
 who may infringe the provisions of any regulations that he may 
 issue for the application of this Code; and he may authorize the 
 Mining Deputations or the functionaries who may perform their 
 duties, to apply the penalties so prescribed. 
 
 ART. 211. All owners of mines or of reduction works, or the man- 
 agers thereof, are obliged to supply such data and statistical infor- 
 mation as may be required of them by the Deputations, or by the 
 functionaries that perform their duties, in conformity with the in- 
 structions that may be issued by the. Department of Public Works, 
 or by the General Bureau of Statistics; and should such persons 
 not furnish said data and information, they shall be subject to the 
 penalties prescribed in the Regulations of Statistics. 
 
 TRANSITORY PROVISIONS. 
 
 ART. 212. All mining properties legally acquired before the date 
 in which this present law shall begin to take effect, must remain 
 subsisting, even though they may be of substances or deposits not 
 comprised herein, or though the claims should have measurements 
 different from those now established. 
 
 ART. 213. If the properties acquired by denouncement prior to the 
 date on which this law begins to take effect, should be of deposits 
 or substances which, according to article 10, belong to the owner of 
 the soil, the parties to whom they may have been awarded as mines 
 shall continue to possess them as heretofore, and, for that time only, 
 shall enjoy a special protection for two years, calculated from the date 
 on which this Code begins to take effect, so that within that period 
 they may begin the operations of working such mining properties; 
 and if, after said period has expired, such mining properties are 
 abandoned, or the ownership therein is lost by forfeiture, they shall 
 thenceforward be considered as the property of the owner of the soil. 
 
 Any denouncements that may be presented before this Code be- 
 gins to be in force, shall be decided in conformity with the laws in 
 force at the date when they shall be presented, but the prescriptions 
 of this Code shall be observed in the proceedings had thereunder. 
 
 ART. 214. Any mines that may be worked or legally protected 
 up to the time of the publication of this Code, shall preserve the
 
 MINING LAWS. 183 
 
 measurements they may have, even if their claims should be differ- 
 ent from those hereby pi-escribed; but such measurements may be 
 ratified, if the parties concerned should so demand. 
 
 ART. 215. In all cases, in order to continue preserving the rights 
 previously acquired, it is a necessary requirement that the possessor 
 shall comply hereafter with the prescriptions of this Code, under 
 the penalties established by the same. 
 
 ART. 216. Salt deposits which the Federal Government owns on 
 the coasts of the Republic, or at other places within the national 
 territory, shall be worked according to such regulations as may be 
 prepared by the Department of Public Works, without interfering, 
 however, with leases or other contracts that may have been made 
 with regard to these deposits until the termination thereof. 
 
 Regarding such of the above deposits as may have been alienated 
 by the National Government, their present possessors shall continue 
 to hold them in conformity with the terms of their respective con- 
 tracts, and the owners of the soil in which such salt deposits may 
 be found must respect all acquired rights. 
 
 ART. 217. Those States whose taxes upon mines and their prod- 
 ucts, as also upon reduction works or establishments of any class, 
 may not be regulated in conformity with the provisions of title XI 
 of this Code, shall pass the necessary laws, so that the said taxes 
 may be in accord with the prescriptions of said title, after July 1 
 1885. 
 
 FINAL PRESCRIPTION. 
 
 ART. 218. This Code shall begin to be in force throughout the 
 Republic on the first day of January, 1885; and thenceforward the 
 Mining Ordinances of the 22d of May, 1783, as well as all other 
 laws, decrees, and regulations of the colonial epoch of the Federal 
 Government or of the States, relating to the industry of mining, 
 shall be repealed, even those portions thereof not in conflict with 
 this Code. 
 
 Wherefore, I order that it shall be printed, published, circulated, 
 and duly observed. 
 
 Given in the Palace of the Executive Power of the Union, in 
 Mexico, on the 22d of November, 1884. MANUEL GONZALEZ. 
 
 To the Citizen Manuel Fernandez, Subsecretary in charge of the 
 Department of Public Works.
 
 184 MINING LAWS. 
 
 And 1 communicate it to you for your knowledge, and for the 
 proper purposes. 
 
 Liberty and Constitution: Mexico, November 22, 1885. 
 
 M. FERNANDEZ, Subsecretary. 
 
 REGULATIONS FOR MINING DEPUTATIONS AND 
 SCHEDULE OF FEES. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF PDBLIC WORKS, COLONIZATION, INDUSTRY, ^ 
 AND COMMERCE OF THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC. 
 BUREAU FOURTH. 
 
 The President of the Republic has been pleased to address me the 
 following decree : 
 
 Manuel Gonzalez, Constitutional President of the United States 
 of Mexico, to all those whom these presents may see 
 
 KNOW YE: That by virtue of the authority given by the Consti- 
 tution to the Executive, and in conformity with the provisions of 
 article 25 of title II of the Mining Code, I have considered it proper 
 to issue the following: 
 
 REG ULATIONS. 
 
 FOB THE ORGANIZATION OF THE MINING DEPUTATIONS AND SCHEDULE 
 FOR THE COLLECTION OP FEES AND DUES. 
 
 CHAPTER I. OF MINERS. 
 
 ART. 1. All persons who know how to read and write, and who 
 are inscribed in the book or register referred to in article 6, shall be 
 considered miners in each locality, for the purpose of being able to 
 vote in the elections of members of Mining Deputations. In order 
 to be inscribed in said book or register, persons must have some of 
 the following requisites: 
 
 I. Those who for the period of one year before the date of the in- 
 scription have been owners or habilitators, in whole or in part, of 
 one or several mines or reduction works. 
 
 II. Mining engineers or assayers of ores, after they have resided 
 one year in the locality. 
 
 III. Those who, having already been inscribed in some other
 
 MINING LAWS. 185 
 
 Mining Deputation, may acquire property in that locality, even if 
 they have not owned it for a whole year.* 
 
 ART. 2. Such persons as are comprised within subdivision I of the 
 foregoing article may be inscribed as miners in any locality, if they 
 themselves expressly solicit it. For that purpose they must present 
 a proper petition therefor in writing to the Mining Deputation of such 
 locality, together with the documents that prove their ownership, so 
 that the Deputation may determine what may be just in the prem- 
 ises. 
 
 ART. 3. All petitions for inscription, referred to in the foregoing 
 article, can be made through an attorney in fact, and it shall also be 
 sufficient for the purpose to give a simple power, by letter duly 
 signed in the presence of two known witnesses. 
 
 ART. 4. Persons that are comprised within subdivision II of arti- 
 cle 1 must present with their petition such documents as may be nec- 
 essary to prove, in a legal manner, their residence in the locality for 
 the time that is stated in said subdivision. 
 
 ART. 5. Persons that are comprised within the provisions of sub- 
 division I.I of said article 1 shall accompany their petition with a 
 certificate from the Deputation in which they were formerly in- 
 scribed, and with evidence of ownership of property in that locality. 
 
 ART. 6. For the purpose of recording the petitions mentioned in 
 the foregoing articles, and the resolutions that may be had thereon, 
 if favorable, a book shall be formed which shall be entitled "Regis- 
 ter of Miners of the Mining Deputation of " (locality). 
 
 CHAPTER II. OF THE MINING DEPUTATIONS. 
 
 ART. 7. Mining Deputations shall exercise such economical and 
 administrative powers as are granted to them in the Mining Code, 
 and are obliged to supply such information and to render such re- 
 ports as may be demanded from them by the political or judicial 
 authorities, or by the Department of Public Works. 
 
 ART. 8. Mining Deputations shall exercise their functions under 
 the immediate supervision and direction of the Department of 
 Public Works. 
 
 * Under circular of the Department of Public Works dated November 11, 
 1886, miners who are foreigners have the right to vote at all elections of Min- 
 ing Deputations.
 
 186 MINING LAWS. 
 
 ART. 9. For the present there shall be Mining Deputations in the 
 places designated in article 56. Hereafter, whenever a number of 
 miners, or of Mining Deputations, may solicit it, or whenever new 
 mining districts are discovered, the Department of Public Works 
 may establish new Mining Deputations, defining their proper limits 
 of jurisdiction; but in order that such resolution may be carried 
 into effect, it is indispensable that there should be residing in the 
 chief place of the district in question at least fifteen persons able 
 to perform the duties of Mining Deputies, which fact must be 
 established by the certificate of the first political authority of the 
 place. 
 
 AET. 10. The limits of the jurisdiction of Mining Deputations 
 shall be conformable, as far as possible, to the political divisions of 
 the State, Federal District, or Territory in which they may be located. 
 
 ART. 11. Half of the members of each Mining Deputation shall 
 be renewed each year, and such Deputations shall consist of two dep- 
 uties and four substitutes or alternates, directly elected by the min- 
 ers that are inscribed in each locality. 
 
 ART. 12. Mining Deputies and their alternates shall not have any 
 fixed salary, but shall receive such fees as are designated in article 
 47. Their term of office shall be two years, and they may be re- 
 elected. 
 
 ART. 13. In order that the ordinary elections may take place, the 
 Deputations in office must issue the proper notices therefor before 
 the fifteenth day of November of each year, stating therein the day, 
 hour, and place in which the election is to be held. The omission 
 of what is here provided shall be punished by the Department of 
 Public Works by a fine of from ten to fifty dollars, which shaD be 
 imposed on the deputies that do not comply with this provision. 
 
 When it is intended to establish a new Mining Deputation, the 
 order of the Department of Public Works relative thereto shall des- 
 ignate the date on which the president of the Town Council or of 
 tlie municipal corporation of the locality, must issue the notice for 
 the election and the day on which this is to be held. 
 
 As soon as the order of the Department of Public Works for the 
 establishment of a new Deputation is received, the president of the 
 municipality shall issue the notice for an election, and from that 
 time on and up to within three days prior to the election, he shall
 
 MINING LAWS. 187 
 
 keep open a provisional register for the inscription of miners, in 
 which note shall be taken of all such persons as may have a right 
 to take part in the election, on account of possessing some of the 
 qualifications that are stated in article 1. The resolutions of the 
 municipal President, whether he admits or refuses the petitions for 
 inscription, cannot be reversed on appeal, but the Department of 
 Public Works, on the petition of any person aggrieved, may punish 
 the omissions which the municipal president may make in this re- 
 gard, by a fine of from ten to fifty dollars. 
 
 ART. 14. The ordinary election shall be held on the first day of 
 December in every year, even though it should be a legal holiday, 
 in those places where a Mining Deputation is already established. 
 The election shall be presided over by the deputy whose turn it may 
 be; and two of the persons present shall act as canvassers or in- 
 spectors, they being elected on the spot by a majority of the votes 
 of the persons present. In each year there shall be elected one 
 deputy and two alternates in order to partly renew the Deputation. 
 
 Where there is no Mining Deputation, the first election for all its 
 members shall be held, having as presiding officer the president of 
 the municipality of the place in which the Deputation is to perform 
 its duties, and at the termination of the first year the first deputy 
 and the two first alternates shall cease to hold office,' unless they 
 are re-elected. 
 
 ART. 15. In order to be a Mining Deputy, whether as proprietor 
 or substitute, the person must be a miner inscribed in the register 
 of -that Deputation, a Mexican citizen in the exercise of his rights, 
 and a resident of the place in which the Deputation is to perform 
 its duties. 
 
 ART. 16. In these elections all the miners that are inscribed in 
 the register referred to in article 6 have a right to attend, either 
 personally or by an attorney-in-fact, who must be a miner, if the 
 said inscription has taken place at least three days before the elec- 
 tion. 
 
 ART. 17. In order to hold an election, it is necessary that at least 
 fifteen miners inscribed in the register, or their representatives, shall 
 attend the meeting. If the election cannot be held for want of a 
 quorum, a new election must be called, to be held, at most ten days 
 after, until it takes place.
 
 188 MINING LAWS. 
 
 ART. 18. Each one of the miners shall "have one vote and may 
 represent, if he has special authorization therefor, which may be 
 by a power of attorney in legal form, or by a simple letter signed 
 before two known witnesses, as many as four other miners, so that 
 in no case can the representation of one person comprise more than 
 five votes. If any one of the pei'sons present shall have more than 
 five authorizations, his total representation shall merely be counted 
 as five votes. 
 
 ART. 19. The election shall be held for each office separately, and 
 it shall be by secret ballot. If, on the first count, it shall appear that 
 no one has obtained an absolute majority, the election shall be re- 
 peated between the two highest candidates, until a majority is ob- 
 tained. Whenever two candidates shall obtain an equal number of 
 votes, the election shall be held once more, and if two candidates 
 should again receive an equal number of votes, lots shall be cast to- 
 ascertain which one of the two is to be considered as elected. When 
 the presiding officer shall declare who were the persons elected, the 
 official certificate of the election shall be prepared, discussed, and be 
 signed by the persons that may comprise the board of election. 
 
 ART. 20. If any of the miners who voted with the minority shall 
 present a protest or allege the election was null and void, either be- 
 fore the election or during the same, such protests or allegations 
 shall be added to or be noted down in the certificate. 
 
 ART. 21. Copies of the certificate of election, and of the protests 
 when there have been any, duly legalized by the citizens that formed 
 the board of election, shall be sent to the Department of Public 
 Works, and the parties elected shall be notified of their election, so 
 that they can take possession of their offices on the 1st of January 
 following. 
 
 ART. 22. In case that the election should be declared null and 
 void by the Department of Public Works, the miners shall be called 
 anew to an election, which must be held within a new period of time 
 that must not be longer than ten days, but the said reversal shall 
 not invalidate any acts of the deputy or deputies that may have en- 
 tered into possession of their offices. 
 
 ART. 23. The office of Mining Deputy, whether proprietor or al- 
 ternate, cannot be renounced, except for a justified cause proved be- 
 fore the Deputation. The fact that any person has filled the office 
 during the two preceding years is a Talid excuse.
 
 MINING LAWS. 189 
 
 ART. 24. When, at the time of holding an ordinary election, the 
 Deputation is incomplete on account of the disability or absence of 
 some deputy or an alternate, which vacancy has happened during the 
 year, then there shall be elected, in addition to such deputies as are 
 to replace, according to law, those who may have completed their 
 term of office, as many deputies more as may be necessary to fill the 
 vacancy or vacancies that may exist. 
 
 The person or persons so elected shall only hold office for the 
 unexpired term of the two years, which should have been served by 
 the person that they are to replace. 
 
 ART. 25. In order that there may be no delays in the denounce- 
 ment and in the other administrative business and simple formalities, 
 the two deputies shall alternate in the transaction of business dur- 
 ing periods of three months each. 
 
 ART. 26. All important or difficult matters that may present 
 themselves, such as orders of adjudication, protection, and declara- 
 tions as to mines deserted or forfeited, shall be heard and decided by 
 the two deputies together, for which purpose they shall meet once 
 a week, and on other occasions whenever it may be necessary. 
 
 ART. 27. When the opinions of the two deputies shall be at vari- 
 ance upon any matter, they shall summon one of the alternates in 
 the order of their election, so that after proper examination of the 
 point in question by the three, a decision may be arrived at as the 
 majority shall sustain. All the three who may take part in the de- 
 cision should sign it, adding thereto such explanations as they 
 may deem proper. 
 
 ART. 28. Deputies shall consult with a legal adviser of their own 
 free choice, as to any doubts that may present themselves to them, 
 whether as to the jurisdiction that they may or may not have in the 
 matters before them, or whether as to what are the proceedings 
 that should be adopted; but it shall not be obligatory upon the 
 deputies to accept the opinion of the legal adviser. 
 
 ART. 29. For the proper dispatch of such business as is of their 
 jurisdiction, all Mining Deputations shall have a secretary. 
 
 ART. 30. The secretary shall have a salary of six hundred dollars 
 per annum, and shall be appointed by the Department of Public 
 Works, at the suggestion of the Mining Deputies. 
 
 ART. 31. In order to be secretary of a Mining Deputation, it is
 
 190 MINING LAWS. 
 
 necessary to be a Mexican citizen in the full exercise of his rights 
 and have the practice and knowledge that are necessary for the dis- 
 patch of business in the opinion of the Deputation itself.* 
 
 ART. 32. Without interfering with the holding of ordinary and 
 extraordinary meetings that the deputies may hold, the secretary 
 shall keep his office open to the public during four hours of the day 
 to receive there petitions for denouncements and other motions of the 
 miners. 
 
 ART. 33. Deputies, secretaries, and experts may excuse themselves 
 in any particular proceeding, but always for cause, and strictly in 
 conformity with the laws for the administration of justice in force 
 in that locality. The point in question shall be settled by the Dep- 
 utation itself, made up of the other deputy and by the alternate to 
 whom it may fall in turn, with the exclusion, for this case only, of 
 the person to whom the matter may relate. 
 
 ART. 34. The first deputy shall be replaced by the second', in the 
 temporary or absolute disability of the first, and in place of the sec- 
 ond deputy the alternates must be called, in the order of their elec- 
 tion . 
 
 ART. 35. In the absence or disability of the latter, those persons 
 who may have been deputies or alternates during the preceding 
 year, or in former years, shall fill their places. 
 
 ART. 36. The substitutions provided in the two foregoing arti- 
 cles shall last, in the case of an absolute disability of the principals, 
 until a new election can be held in conformity with article 24. 
 
 ART. 37. When the secretary shall be absent temporarily and for 
 less than one month, or should not act in some special matter, the 
 deputies may perform their duties in the presence of two wit- 
 nesses, but if the absence of the secretary, through sickness, leave 
 of absence, or his staying away, is to last more than one month, a 
 temporary secretary may be appointed with the consent of the De- 
 partment of Public Works, who shall only hold office until the re- 
 turn of the permanent secretary. 
 
 ART. 38. Members of the Mining Deputations, during the 
 
 *Under circular of the Department of Public Works dated October 17, 1887, 
 the secretaries of Mining Deputations must safely keep the records, and at 
 the expiration of their term of office must deliver all such records to their 
 successors, with an inventory thereof.
 
 MINING LAWS. 191 
 
 period for which they are elected, shall be excused from the per- 
 formance of other municipal duty. 
 
 ART. 39. In each Deputation there shall be kept a book which 
 
 shall be entitled: "Experts of the Mining Deputation of " (such 
 
 a place), and that shall be formed from a list of the petitions of the 
 parties concerned approved by the competent Deputation. It shall 
 contain an extract or copy of the accompanying proofs, the originals 
 whereof shall be returned after having compared the copies thereof.* 
 
 ART. 40. All mining engineers, reducers, or assayers of ores, civil 
 and mechanician engineers, land and water surveyors, who may peti- 
 tion shall be registered as scientific experts for the purpose of carry- 
 ing on their professional labors. Such persons shall only be consid- 
 ered as practical experts in those branches that are not comprised 
 in their respective diplomas. 
 
 ART. 41. In conformity with the provisions of article 26 of the 
 Mining Code, the Deputation shall appoint from among the regis., 
 tered experts a graduated expert, with whom they may consult re- 
 garding official matters that may come before them. 
 
 ART. 42. In all proceedings between private parties, the Mining 
 Deputations must of preference appoint as experts in their respec- 
 tive branches such graduated experts as may be registered. 
 
 Excepting in the absence of such persons, shall they appoint in 
 their place some of the practical experts of the locality, who, in the 
 opinion of the Deputation itself , are the most intelligent. 
 
 ART. 43. Mining Deputations, in addition to the books for the in- 
 scription of miners and of experts already mentioned, shall also 
 keep the following: A book for the registration of elections; one for 
 the registry of denouncements; one for the possessions of mines and 
 reduction works; one for the protection to mines; one for the visits 
 to mines; one for the record of all proceedings transcribed to the 
 courts; and one for a general inventory of their archives. 
 
 ART. 44. Whenever Mining Deputations shall take any determi- 
 nation whereby any party concerned may think himself aggrieved, the 
 latter may, without in any way interfering with the prescriptions 
 
 *Under circular of the Department of Public Works dated January 16, 
 1886, Mining Deputations must report to the Department when an expert is in- 
 scribed and when anyone already inscribed goes to reside at some other 
 locality.
 
 192 MINING LAWS. 
 
 of articles 80 and 96 of the Mining Code., present his complaints 
 with competent proofs, to the Secretary of Public Works, wh must 
 immediately demand a report thereon from the deputies whose acts 
 are questioned, and to whom shall be sent the complaint and proofs, 
 either in the original or by copies. 
 
 ART. 45. The complaints referred to in tlie foregoing article can 
 only be presented and taken into consideration, within one month 
 after notification has been given of the proceeding in question. 
 When this period of time has elapsed, or when the complaint is not 
 accompanied by the proper proofs, it will be rejected at once. 
 
 ART. 46. The Secretary of the Department* of Public Works, 
 upon due examination of the complaint and of the report and proofs 
 thereon, will resolve what is just and proper in the premises. 
 
 I. If a slight fault has been proven, a fine not to exceed one hun- 
 dred dollars shall be imposed without further proceedings upon the 
 responsible party. 
 
 II. If the fault should be a grave one, the fine shall be from one 
 hundred to five hundred dollars; and if any crime should have been 
 committed, the record of the case shall be sent to a competent 
 court or tribunal, and the guilty party shall be accused before it, so 
 that, after trial is had therefor, he may suffer the punishment that 
 he may deserve. 
 
 CHAPTER III. OF THE FEES THAT SHOULD BE PAID IN MINING 
 
 PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 ART. 47. Mining Deputations shall not have the right to receive 
 fees, except in the following cases: 
 
 I. For every rule or decree that they may make or issue for the 
 allowance of petitions of denouncements, for the recording of any 
 denouncement, granting an order of protection, adjudication of a 
 mine, etc., they shall receive one dollar. 
 
 II. For their presence at meetings or sessions, two dollars for 
 every hour or fraction of an hour that they may be so engaged. 
 
 III. For delivering possession of a mine, of whatever number Q 
 claims it may consist, or for that of any additions or of any reduc- 
 tion works, five dollars. 
 
 IV. For any surface examination or investigation of the exterior 
 works of a mine, whether consisting of one or several claims, of any 
 additions to a mine or reduction works, five dollars.
 
 MINING LAWS. 193 
 
 V. For inspections, visits, or examinations in the interior of mines, 
 five dollars for each claim when the depth is not greater than 100 
 meters, and five dollars more for each 100 meters or fraction thereof 
 more than 100 meters in depth. 
 
 If the examination should extend to another or to other claims, 
 they shall receive besides one-half the fee mentioned in this subdivi- 
 sion, for each additional claim. 
 
 VI. For the leagues the deputies may travel in order to practice 
 the above formalities, they shall be paid at the rate of one dollar for 
 each league going and the same for return.* 
 
 ART. 48. Secretaries of Mining Deputations shall receive: 
 
 I. .For legalizing any decree, extract of record, or certificate of the 
 deputies, one dollar. 
 
 II. For countersigning the leaves contained in the record of any 
 case, and the other documents that they may have to make an ab- 
 stract of, at the rate of five cents per leaf. 
 
 III. For preparing and writing orders, decrees, statements, in- 
 spections, appearances, notices, citations, abstracts, advertisements, 
 extracts, etc., at the rate of twenty-five cents for every ten lines or 
 fraction thereof, in addition to the fees prescribed in subdivision I. 
 
 IV. For writing and comparing and authenticating legal copies, 
 certificates, and other exact copies, at the rate of one dollar for 
 every hundred lines or fraction thereof, and one-half of that amount 
 when the copies are not legalized. 
 
 V. For attending meetings, at the rate of one dollar for every 
 hour or fraction thereof that they may be so occupied. 
 
 VI. For attendance at delivery of possessions and at examina- 
 tions of exterior works of mines, five dollars for each of said services, 
 whether with reference to the addition of one or of several claims, 
 or of a reduction works. 
 
 VII. For a search of records or for any other- documents in the ar- 
 
 *By virtue of circular of the Department of Public Works dated March 2, 
 1891, Mining Deputations must require prepayment of the fees due in min- 
 ing proceedings, and when it is impossible to ascertain beforehand the amount 
 of such fees, a sum approximately sufficient to cover it shall be deposited, and 
 upon the termination of the proceedings the party concerned shall pay the rest 
 of the indebtedness, and if he refuses to pay, the fee bill may be forwarded 
 to a competen^ court, where the *um due may be collected together with costs. 
 
 1*
 
 194 MINING LAWS. 
 
 chives, at the rate of one dollar for each year of archives so exam- 
 ined. 
 
 VIII. For the notifications or citations they may give by visiting 
 the houses of the parties concerned, fifty cents more than is stated 
 in subdivision 111. 
 
 IX. For inspections and visits or investigations to the interior 
 works of mines, and for the leagues they may travel, the same pay 
 as to the deputies. 
 
 X. For the copying of plans, five dollars for each one. 
 
 ART. 49. When for want of a secretary the deputies [shall act, 
 accompanied by witnesses, such deputies shall receive the fees fixed 
 for the secretary, the amount whereof shall be paid to the witnesses. 
 
 ART. 50. Graduated mining experts, if no other agreement has 
 been made, shall receive the following: 
 
 I. For any examination of a vein or deposit that they may make, 
 in any new or old mine to stake out its claims, and for the proper 
 report and plans thereof, five dollars for each grant made of what- 
 ever number of claims; and, furthermore, for the measurements they 
 may make to mark boundaries, they shall receive at the rate of 
 five cents for each meter that thev may measure. 
 
 II. For the resurveys they may make to rectify the respective 
 boundaries of each mine, or to lay off the figures and perimeters of 
 any addition to a mine, five dollars for the corresponding report and 
 plan thereof, and, in addition, five cents for each meter that they 
 may measure. 
 
 III. For any visits, investigations, or inspections in the interior 
 of mines, if they are simple visits without measurements, and for the 
 report thereof, ten dollars for each claim when the depth does not 
 exceed 100 meters, and ten dollars more for every additional 100 
 meters or fraction thereof in depth. If the examination should in- 
 clude other claim or claims, they shall also receive half of the fee 
 stated in this subdivision for each additional claim. 
 
 IV. For the underground surveys they may make, at the rate of 
 fifteen cents for each meter of hypothenuse. 
 
 V. For the di awing of any plans that are not of those mentioned 
 in sections I and II, wherein they may have to calculate and lay 
 down tlie horizontal and vertical projections, whether the survey 
 be exterior or interior, fifteen cents for each meter; i the number
 
 MINING LAWS. 195 
 
 of meters is too limited, or the plan relates to a work of a simple 
 nature, ten dollars shall be charged as" a minimum. 
 
 VI. For each copy they may make of any plan already drawn, 
 they shall receive the fourth part of the cost of the original plan, 
 always provided that the minimum value of such copy shall be five 
 dollars. 
 
 VII. For all written reports they may make xipon matters of 
 their profession, not of those comprised within subdivisions I, Ily 
 and III, at the rate of one dollar for every twenty-five lines. 
 
 VIII. For T atten dance at meetings, two dollars per hour, or frac- 
 tion thereof, that they may be so occupied. 
 
 IX. For the preparation of estimates and valuations, in addition 
 to the fees already stated, they shall receive on the value of such 
 estimate or valuation, when not amounting to one thousand dollars, 
 ten dollars. 
 
 When the value does not amount to ten thousand dollars, in ad- 
 dition to the fees stated in the preceding paragraph, for the excess 
 over one thousand dollars, rive dollars per thousand. 
 
 When the amount of the estimates or valuation is over ten thou- 
 sand dollars, they shall receive, in addition to the fees stated in the 
 two preceding paragraphs, two dollars per thousand for the excess 
 above ten thousand dollars. 
 
 X. If the expert is hindered in the execution of his labors, he 
 shall be paid ten dollars for each day that the interruption may 
 .last. 
 
 XI. For the work done for the measurement of waters, grading, 
 and other similar operations, ten dollars for each half day or less, of 
 the time employed in the execution of such work, in addition to the 
 fees stated for surveys, reports, etc. 
 
 XII. For the leagues they may travel to perform the commissions 
 intrusted to them, at the rate of one dollar for every league in going 
 and the same in returning. 
 
 ART. 51. Graduated experts for reduction of ore, if no other agree- 
 ment has been made, shall receive as follows: 
 
 I. For any labor that they may perform in reduction works, ten 
 dollars a day. 
 
 II. For any other labor that they may do, the same fees that are 
 fixed' for mining experts in the foregoing article.
 
 196 MINING LAWS. 
 
 ART. 52. Assayers of ore, unless there is a different agreement, 
 shall receive : 
 
 I. For any assay in the dry way to determine a single substance, 
 two dollars. 
 
 II. For the assay of silver mixed with gold, three dollars. 
 
 III. For an assay in the wet way, five dollars. 
 
 IV. For an analysis, fifty dollars. 
 
 * ART. 53. In the case of a practical expert, he shall receive the 
 same fees as are fixed for scientific experts in the foregoing articles. 
 
 ART. 54. In cases not stated in this schedule, and where no agree- 
 ment has been made, the fees shall be paid according to an estimate 
 made by experts. 
 
 ART. 55. The fees fixed for the deputies, secretaries and experts 
 shall be the same, whether they are to be paid by a single individual 
 or by a company. 
 
 TRANSITORY PROVISIONS. 
 
 ART. 56. For the present, and until the proper data can be ob- 
 tained as to the necessities of all the mining districts of the Repub- 
 lic, Mining Deputations shall be estalflished at the following 
 places: 
 
 Taseo, Zacualpan, Tlalpujahua, Angangueo, Pachuca, Zimapan, 
 Cadereita, Guanajuato, Oatorce, Zacatecas, Durango, Chihuahua, 
 Batopilas, La Paz, Ouliacan, Hermosillo, Alamos, and Oaxaca. 
 
 As soon as the Deputations above mentioned are installed, each 
 one of them shall report within fifteen days to the Department of 
 Public Works, as to the limits over which they deem it for the pub- 
 lic interest that they should have jurisdiction. While the Depart- 
 ment determines this matter, the Deputations shall perform their 
 duties in the political districts where they are situated. 
 
 ART. 57. The municipal authorities of the places which are men- 
 tioned in the foregoing article shall issue a call before the next 
 15th of January, so that, in the place and at the hour that they 
 may name, there may assemble all such persons as, according to ar- 
 ticle 1 of these regulations, are miners of their respective localities, 
 for the purpose of electing on the 1st of February next the first 
 Mining Deputation. All such persons as may be considered to have 
 the right to vote must be registered before the 28th of said January.
 
 MINING LAWS. 197 
 
 ART. 58. All those who may be elected on the 1st of February 
 next shall immediately enter into the discharge of their duties. They 
 shall take the oath of office before the municipal authority that | (re- 
 sided at the election, promising that they will faithfully perform all 
 the duties of their office. 
 
 ART. 59. As soon as the Mining Deputations are installed, they 
 shall appoint a temporary secretary and then shall propose to the 
 Department of Public Works the person that is to hold such office 
 permanently. 
 
 ART. 60. All Mining Deputations that shall be elected on the 1st 
 of February next, shall receive from those authorities that have 
 hitherto had jurisdiction of mining matters, all the records relative 
 thereto, make an inventory thereof, and give the proper receipt 
 therefor. 
 
 ART. 61. Of the Mining Deputations and their alternates that 
 are to be elected on the 1st of February next, the first deputy 
 and the first and second alternates shall hold office until the 1st of 
 January, 1886; and the second deputy and the third and fourth al- 
 ternates shall continue in office until the 1st of January, 1887. The 
 retiring deputies shall be replaced by those who, in conformity with 
 article 14, are to be elected respectively on the 1st of December, 
 1885 and 1886, unless they shall be re-elected. 
 
 Wherefore I order that this be printed, published, circulated, and 
 duly complied with. 
 
 Given in the Palace of the Executive Power of the Union in 
 Mexico, on the 28th of November, 1884. 
 
 MANUEL GONZALEZ. 
 
 To citizen Manuel Fernandez, subsecretary in charge of the De- 
 partment of Public Works. 
 
 And I communicate it to you for your knowledge and for the 
 proper purposes. 
 
 Liberty and Constitutfon: Mexico, November 28, 1884. 
 
 M. FERNANDEZ, Subsecretary.
 
 198 MINING LAWS. 
 
 LAW TO FOSTER MINING AND AGRICULTURE. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, COLQNIZATION, INDUSTRY "| 
 AND COMMERCE OF THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC. 
 
 BUREAU FIFTH. J 
 
 The President of the Republic has seen proper to address me the 
 following decree: 
 
 Porfirio Diaz, Constitutional President of the United States of 
 Mexico, to all the inhabitants thereof 
 
 KNOW YE; That the Congress of the Union has seen proper to 
 decree as follows: 
 
 The Congress of the United States of Mexico decrees: 
 
 ART. 1. After the promulgation of this law all mines of stone 
 coal, of all varieties, those of petroleum, iron, and quicksilver as 
 well as the ores extracted therefrom, national iron, wrought, or cas^ 
 in rods, bars, pigs, coils, beams, or rails, and national quicksilver in 
 liquid form, the product of the reduction of the ores whence it is ex- 
 tracted, shall be free from all Federal, local, and municipal taxes, ex- 
 cept the revenue stamp tax. 
 
 ART. 2. The circulation throughout the interior of the Republic, 
 of gold and silver, in form of ore, bars, or coins, that of all other 
 metals, and that of all the products of the mines, shall be free from 
 all excise or consumption duties, and from all other imposts, by 
 whatever name they may be designated. 
 
 ART. 3. Quicksilver of whatever origin shall be free from all 
 charges, of whatever kind they may be. 
 
 ART. 4. All mines that are not excepted in article 1, and the prod- 
 ucts thereof, shall only pay one single tax, in addition to the Federal 
 tax on coinage, which shall be computed upon the value of the ore 
 or of the substances that may be extracted, without deducting ex- 
 penses, and such tax shall never exceed two per cent of said value 
 
 ART. 5. The tax mentioned in the foregoing article shall belong 
 to the State wherein the mine may be situated, or to the Federal Gov- 
 ernment when the mine is situated in the Federal District or in the 
 Territories, wherefore the amount of said tax within the limits stated 
 shall be annually determined by the respective Legislatures of the 
 States, or by the Congress of the Union in the corresponding case>
 
 MINING LAWS. 199 
 
 reference being had to the necessities of the treasury and to the pro- 
 tection- that should be accorded to mining. 
 
 ART. 6. Reduction works or metallurgical shops of any kind 
 when in operation, shall pay to the State in which they may be situ- 
 ated or to the Federal Government, if they are found in the Federal 
 District or in the Territories, as the only tax, the limit whereof can- 
 not be exceeded, up to six dollars per thousand, upon the value of 
 such real property and its machinery. 
 
 ART. 7. The Federal Government, as already prescribed, shall re- 
 ceive as its share twenty-five per cent of the taxes which, according 
 to the pi'eceding articles, are to be levied by the States. 
 
 ART. 8. Any other tax excepting the revenue stamp tax, by what- 
 ever name it may be designated, levied upon the extraction, produc- 
 tion, or the profits of reduction works, upon the capital invested in 
 mines and in reduction works, or in the shares and bonds of mines, 
 or of any kind of reduction works and upon any transfer of owner- 
 ship of mining properties and of reduction works, and of the shares 
 relative thereto, is absolutely prohibited by this law. 
 
 ART. 9. The States are prohibited from levying taxes on denounce 
 ments, possessions, and other proceedings necessary for the acquiring 
 of mining property and of reduction works, or upon the organization 
 of mining companies and the issuance of the stock or bonds thereof. 
 
 ART. 10. The Executive is authorized to enter into contracts 
 granting especial privileges and ample concessions without prejudice 
 to the rights of third parties, to any person or companies that may 
 guarantee the investment of capital in mining enterprises; the ex- 
 tent of the territory granted to such parties to be in proportion to 
 the amount of their capital, to the value of the deposit, and to the 
 circumstances of the locality, all in conformity with the following 
 general principles: 
 
 A, The duration of the privileges and especial concessions shall 
 not exceed ten years in any case. 
 
 B. The minimum of capital to be invested in the operations shall 
 be two hundred thousand dollars within tive years. 
 
 G. This capital shall be exempt during ten years from all new- 
 Federal taxes, except the revenue stamp tax. 
 
 D. The maximum number of claims that can be granted in or- 
 dinary cases shall be twenty, united or separated ; their number to
 
 200 MINING LAWS. 
 
 depend on the regulations relative thereto, to be issued by the De- 
 partment of Public Works, in proportion to the capital, to the nature 
 of the deposit, and to the circumstances of the locality, but it being 
 understood that in all cuses the grantee shall have the most ample 
 liberty to work in one or more claims as he may see fit, with a mini- 
 mum number of twenty operatives. 
 
 E. Only in case of the discovery or restoration of mining districts 
 may the number of claims granted be increased according to circum- 
 tances, up to one-half more than the number stated in the foregoing 
 section. 
 
 F. The dimensions of these claims shall be subject to the provis- 
 ions of the Mining Code now in force, except in the case of a gold 
 placer, which, in the case of the undertakings to which this law has 
 reference, shall be considered as an irregular deposit. 
 
 G. Of the twenty claims mentioned in section D and of the 
 thirtv in section E, no more than ten shall be staked in any single 
 vein in the first case and no more than fifteen in the second case, 
 whether continuously or interruptedly, as a maximum, except when 
 there is only one vein in a mining district, in which case all the 
 claim's may be staked thereon. 
 
 //. These concessions may be protected by the Department of 
 Public Works in serious cases duly proven for a period of not more 
 than two years, the maximum time that cannot be exceeded. 
 
 /. The above extraordiuai-y protection cannot be extended and 
 shall not be granted, whatever cause may be alleged therefor, ex- 
 cept for one single time' but in addition thereto, others may be 
 granted in conformity to the provisions of the Mining Code now in 
 force. Neither the extraordinary protection, nor those prescribed 
 by the Code,shall be a reason why in any case the term of ten years 
 stipulated in the contract of concession shall be considered extended. 
 
 J. The Department of Public Works may authorize any such 
 enterprises, in any case that it may deem pioper, by virtue of its 
 approval, to subdivide and partially transfer the concessions made 
 under those contracts, always provided that the new mining enter- 
 prises shall accept proportionately their respective obligations. 
 
 K. At the expiration of the time stipulated in the correspond- 
 ing contract all these enterprises shall have the rights and obliga- 
 tions that the Mining Code prescribes for companies.
 
 MINING LAWS. 201 
 
 ART. 11. During the term of ten years all establishments for 
 wine growing, silk culture, and pisciculture shall be exempt from all 
 Federal taxes, except the revenue stamp tax. In order to enjoy 
 this exemption, such establishments must subject themselves to the 
 conditions that will be determined in the regulations relative thereto- 
 
 ART. 12. The Executive is authorized to enter into contracts 
 with railroad companies for the reduction of freight charges upon 
 the national products intended for exportation, in conformity with 
 the following conditions: 
 
 A. The Executive shall annually designate, in the appropriation 
 bill, the sum of money necessary to pay the amount that the com- 
 panies are to receive for the services they may render according to 
 this article. 
 
 B. The Departments of the Treasury and of Public Works shall 
 approve, two months before each fiscal period, the proper measures, 
 so that the exporters, in subjection thereto, may enjoy the advan- 
 tages that are to be granted to them. 
 
 G. The exportation products that are intended to enjoy the said re- 
 ductions shall be divided into four classes, wherein, according to the 
 importance that they may continue to acquire, the Executive shall 
 place them every two years, and publish beforehand said classifica- 
 tion in due time. 
 
 TRANSITORY ARTICLE. 
 
 The provisions of this law, relative to the taxes on mining in the 
 States, shall begin to be enforced after the 1st of July, 1887; where- 
 fore the States must take such measures as may be proper in the 
 premises. 
 
 MEXICO, May 25, 1887. Jesus Fuentes Muniz, Deputy Presi- 
 dent; Felix Romero, Senator President; Roberto Nunez, Deputy 
 Secretary; Antonio Arguinzoniz, Secretary of the Senate. 
 
 Wherefore, I order it to be printed, published, circulated, and 
 duly complied with. 
 
 Given in the Palace of the Executive Power, in Mexico, June 6, 
 1887. PORFIRIO DIAZ. 
 
 To General Carlos Pacheco, Secretary of Public Works, Coloniza- 
 tion, Industry, and Commerce. 
 
 And I communicate it to you for your knowledge and the proper 
 effects. Liberty and Constitution: Mexico, June 6, 1887. 
 
 [Signed] PACHECO.
 
 LA.W OF PATENTS. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, COLONIZATION, INDUSTRY, \ 
 . AND COMMERCE. BUREAU SECOND. / 
 
 The President of the Republic has been pleased to address me the 
 following decree: 
 
 Porfirio Diaz, Constitutional President of the United States of 
 Mexico, to its inhabitants: 
 
 KNOW YE: That the Congress of the Union has been pleased to 
 decree the following: The Congress of the United States of Mexico 
 decrees : 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 ART. 1. Any Mexican or foreigner, who is the inventor or the 
 improver of any industry or art, or of objects destined therefor, has 
 the right, by virtue of article 28 of the Constitution, to the exclu- 
 sive use thereof, during a certain number of years, under the rules 
 and regulations prescribed in this law. 
 
 In order to acquire this right, it is necessary to obtain a patent 
 of invention or improvement. 
 
 ART. 2. Every discovery, invention, or improvement that has for 
 its object a new industrial product, a new manner of production, or 
 the new application of known methods for the obtainment of a re- 
 sult or of an industrial product, is susceptible of being patented. * 
 Chemical or pharmaceutical products may likewise be patented. 
 
 ART. 3. An invention or improvement shall not be considered 
 new when, in this country or abroad, and prior to the petition for 
 the patent, it may have received a sufficient publicity to be put into 
 practice; excepting, however, the case when the publicity may have 
 been made by a foreign authority empowered to issue patents, and 
 when the invention or improvement may have been presented in 
 expositions held within the territory of the Republic or abroad. 
 
 ART. 4. The following cannot be patented: 
 (202)
 
 LAW OF PATENTS. 203 
 
 I. The inventions or improvements whose operation shall be con- 
 trary to the laws forbidding them, or be against public security. 
 
 II. Scientific principles or discoveries, while they are merely spec- 
 ulative, and be not put into operation by means of a machine, appa- 
 ratus, instruments, mechanical or chemical process of a practical in- 
 dustrial character. 
 
 ART. 5. The granting of a patent does not guarantee the novelty 
 nor the usefulness of the article to which it relates, nor does it de- 
 termine questions that may arise therefrom. Therefore the patent . 
 must be granted without previous examination as to the novelty or 
 utility of the invention or improvement, or of the sufficiency or in- 
 sufficiency of the descriptions that may accompany the petition. 
 
 ART. 6. The granting of a patent can only be made with reference 
 to one object or industrial process. When two or more may be 
 combined among themselves to produce the same industrial result, 
 the number of patents that may be necessary therefor must be pe- 
 titioned for. 
 
 ART. 7. The rights granted by virtue of the patents issued in the 
 Republic for objects or processes, that may have been or may here- 
 after be protected by foreign patents, are independent of the rights 
 that the same may grant, and of the effects or results that they may 
 produce. 
 
 ART. 8. The effects of a patent are : 
 
 I. To deprive any person, without permission from the owner of 
 the patent, of the right to produce, through industrial methods, the 
 object of the invention, or to place it in the market and to sell it. 
 
 II. With reference to a process, machine, or any other manner of 
 operating an instrument or other method of operation, the effect of 
 the patent is to deprive others of the right to apply the process or 
 to use the object of invention, without license from the owner of the 
 patent. 
 
 ART. 9. A patent does not produce any effect whatever, as regards 
 a third party that was already secretly working, or had made the 
 preparations necessary for operating within the Republic, the inven- 
 tion or process before the presentation of the petition for a patent. 
 
 ART. 10. The effects of the patent do not affect articles or prod- 
 ucts that may cross in transit the territory of the Republic or may 
 remain within its territorial waters.
 
 204 LAW OF PATENTS. 
 
 ART. 11. The right of presenting a petition for a patent for arti- 
 cles or processes that may be protected by foreign patents can only 
 be granted to inventors or improvers or to their legitimate represent- 
 atives. 
 
 ART. 12. Inventors shall have the period of one year from the 
 date of the patent, within which they shall have exclusive right to 
 petition for patents for improvements. 
 
 ART. 13. Patents may be granted for the period of twenty years 
 from the date when issued; nevertheless, when the patents shall be 
 asked for articles or processes already protected by foreign patents, 
 the term of duration thereof cannot exceed the period that may be 
 wanting for the expiration of the first patent issued in favor of the 
 petitioner. 
 
 ART. 14. The term of a patent may be extended for five years in 
 exceptional cases, at the discretion of the Executive. The extension 
 of the term of a patent of invention involves the extension of the 
 term of all supplementary patents of improvement relative thereto. 
 
 ART. 15. On payment of a proper indemnity, the Executive may 
 appropriate a patent on the ground of public policy, when the 
 patented article is of such a nature that its free use is capable of 
 proving an important source of public wealth; and provided there 
 should exist one of the following circumstances: 
 
 I. If the inventor or discoverer refuses to have his patent 
 woi'ked or operated. 
 
 II. If the machine, apparatus, instrument, or process is capable 
 of being produced or used in the country. 
 
 The regulations will determine the formalities and procedure to 
 be observed in the appropriation of patents hereunder. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 ART. 16. In order to obtain the franchises granted under this 
 law, application must be made in due form to the Department of 
 Public Works, to which the power of granting patents belongs. 
 
 ART. 17. The first applicant for a patent shall have in his favor 
 the presumption of being the first inventor or improver, and, further- 
 more, enjoys the right of possession. 
 
 ART. 18. Inventors or improvers who are unable to apply person- 
 ally to the Department of Public Works, whether citizens or for-
 
 LAW OF PATENTS. 205 
 
 eigners, have the right to appoint attorneys-in-fact to act for them, 
 both in petitioning for the patent and in litigations and other mat- 
 ters relative thereto. 
 
 Citizens may appoint an attorney-in-fact by a common letter of 
 authorization, but foreigners must grant a legal power of attorney 
 duly registered. 
 
 The effects of the power of attorney cease with the issue of the 
 patent, unless it be otherwise stated in the power. 
 
 ART. 19. Petitions for the granting of letters patent shall be pub- 
 lished in the Diario Oficial (Official Journal) of the Federal Gov- 
 ernment during a period of two months, at intervals of ten days. 
 
 ART. 20. During the period- of time mentioned in the preceding 
 article, interference proceedings may be instituted before the De- 
 partment of Public Works, by anyone for the purpose of preventing 
 the granting of the patent solicited. 
 
 After the said period of time has elapsed, no proceedings of inter- 
 ference will be permitted. 
 
 ART. 21. Interference proceedings can only be instituted on one 
 of the following grounds: 
 
 I. That the alleged invention or improvement is not one that 
 could be patented in conformity with this law. 
 
 II. That the principal matter described in the petition has been 
 taken from descriptions, drawings, models, devices, apparatuses, or 
 methods invented by another, or from processes already reduced to 
 practice by another, and, in general, when the applicant is not the 
 original inventor or improver or his legitimate representative. 
 
 ART. 22. If two or more persons claim to obtain the same patent, 
 the first inventor or improver of the object or process shall be en- 
 titled to tiie same, but if priority of invention cannot be proved, the 
 patent shall be granted to the first petitioner. 
 
 ART. 23. If interference proceedings be instituted, as prescribed 
 by articles 20 and 21, the Department of Public Works shall sum- 
 mon the parties to a meeting and endeavor to reconcile their con- 
 flicting claims. But if this is not obtained, the Department shall 
 suspend all further proceedings and shall transmit all the record in 
 the case to the proper judicial authority. The party instituting 
 interference proceedings shall be allowed two months to present his 
 evidence before the judicial authority, but if he fail to do so within 
 that time, his claim shall be disallowed.
 
 206 LAW OP PATENTS. 
 
 ART. 24. All judgments or decrees given by the judicial authori- 
 ties shall be transmitted to the Department of Public Works, that 
 they may be duly enforced. 
 
 ART. 25. The decrees issued by the Department of Public Works, 
 granting a patent, can only be annulled by judgment of a judicial 
 authority, and only owing to the nullity of said patent. 
 
 ART. 26. At the expiration of the two months referred to in arti- 
 cle 19, and if the Department of Public Works has not heretofore 
 issued a patent with reference to the invention or improvement in 
 question, letters patent shall issue upon payment of the correspond- 
 ing fees into the Federal Treasury. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 ART. 27. Letters patent shall be issued in the name of the nation 
 and have subscribed thereto the signature of the President of the 
 Republic, countersigned by the Secretary of Public Works, and 
 shall bear, besides, the great seal; furthermore, they must contain, 
 in clear language, a description of the discovery or improvement 
 patented. 
 
 The letters patent, with one of the copies of the drawings, sam- 
 ples, and models under seal, together with a copy of the documents 
 presented with the petition duly certified to the subsecretary, shall 
 constitute the title of ownership of the patentee. 
 
 ART. 28. Letters patent shall be recorded in a special record 
 wherein the appropriate entries relative thereto shall be made. 
 
 ART. 29. All letters patent that may be issued shall be published 
 in the Diario Oficial (Official Journal) and, furthermore, every year 
 they shall be published in a special book which must contain a clear 
 and exact description of the inventions or improvements, as also 
 copies of the drawings. 
 
 ART. 30. All inventions protected by letters patent shall bear a 
 mark stating that fact, and the number and date of the letters 
 patent. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 ART. 31. Letters patent shall require the payment of a fee amount- 
 ing to from $50 to $150, payable in Mexican dollars, or in bonds of 
 the national consolidated debt. 
 
 ART. 32. In case of the extension referred to in article 14, a new 
 fee shall be paid in conformity with the preceding article.
 
 LAW OF PATENTS. 207 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 ART. 33. Tiie owner of letters patent for an invention or improve- 
 ment must prove before the Department of Public Works, within 
 the period of h've years after the date of the patent, that the objects 
 or processes protected thereby are manufactured or employed in the 
 Republic, or that everything necessary has been done for the pur- 
 pose of having them so employed or manufactured. 
 
 The term within which these facts must be proved cannot be ex- 
 tended. 
 
 ART. 34. The Department of Public Works shall make an entry 
 in the registry of letters patent, of the fact that the requirement 
 mentioned in the preceding article has been complied with. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 ART. 35. Letters patent are null and void: 
 
 I. Whenever they may have been issued, infringing what is pre- 
 scribed in articles 2, 3 and 4. Nevertheless, if letters patent 
 shall have been obtained, in conformity with a petition, wherein the 
 petitioner has solicited and obtained more than what he is entitled 
 to as first discoverer or inventor, his letters patent shall' be valid, in 
 so far as they relate to whatever he may have a right, provided they 
 do not infringe the provisions of the following subdivision, and 
 that no fraud shall have been committed upon presenting the peti- 
 tion. In this case the letters patent shall be limited to what they 
 should only comprise, and the proceedings relating thereto shall be 
 in conformity with what is prescribed in article 39. 
 
 II. Whenever the object for which the patent has been petitioned 
 is different from that which is obtained by virtue of such letters 
 patent. 
 
 III. Whenever it is proved that the main object sought in the 
 petition for the letters patent is comprised within one of the cases 
 referred to in subdivision II of article 21. 
 
 Proceedings to invalidate letters patent in this case have to be 
 commenced within the term of one year after the date when the pat- 
 ent shall be put in operation in the Republic. 
 
 ART. 36. An action for the purpose of declaring letters patent 
 null and void before the courts may be instituted in the name, or on 
 behalf, of the district attorney.
 
 208 LAW OF PATENTS. 
 
 Whoever may work or have in operation the same industry can 
 allege the nullity of the patent as a defense before the Courts. 
 ART. 37. Letters patent shall lapse: 
 
 I. Whenever the term for which they were granted shall have 
 terminated and they have not been extended. 
 
 II. When they shall be abandoned in part or in their entirety. 
 
 III. Whenever compliance shall not have been made with the 
 prescriptions of article 33. 
 
 ART. 38. The Department of Public Works shall declare the inva- 
 lidity of the patent in the two first cases referred to in the preceding 
 article; in the third case the courts can only do so at the in- 
 stance and request of the district attorney, or of the party concerned, 
 by instituting an action thereon or presenting exception thereto in 
 such judicial proceedings. 
 
 ART. 39. The decrees of nullity and forfeiture of letters patent 
 shall be published in the Diario Oficial (Official Journal) of the 
 Federal Government, and entered of record in the register of in- 
 scriptions of the Department of Public Works. 
 
 ART. 40. The decrees of nullity and forfeiture of letters patent 
 produce the effect of subjecting the inventions or improvements to 
 the use thereof by tlie public in general. 
 
 In case of abandonment of any letters patent, if only partial, the 
 public has merely the right to use the portion thus abandoned, the 
 letters patent remaining valid as to the rest thereof. The abandon- 
 ment shall be made by writing and be entered of record in the reg- 
 ister. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 ART. 41. The ownership in letters patent may be transferred by 
 any of the methods established by law with regard to private prop- 
 erty, but no act of transfer, or any other that implies the modifica- 
 tion of the right of ownership, shall be prejudicial to the rights of 
 third parties, if the same shall not be recorded in the office of the 
 Department of Public Works. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 ART. 42. Everything relating to the fraudulent infringement of 
 letters patent shall be subject to the prescriptions of the Penal 
 Code of tlie Federal District, and to those established by the Codes 
 of procedure.
 
 LAW OF PATENTS. 209 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 ART. 43. Proceedings relating to letters patent at present pend- 
 ing shall be continued and decided in conformity in every respect as 
 to the proceedings not terminated, with the prescriptions of this 
 law. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 ART. 44. All those at present enjoying rights by virtue of letters 
 patent nnw in full force may avail themselves of the provisions of 
 this law, within the time herein set forth, upon paying befoiehand 
 the fees herein prescribed. 
 
 ART. 45. The Executive of the Union may issue rules of practice 
 for the operation of this law, and may establish, if he deems it con- 
 venient, a patent office in connection with the Department of Public 
 Works. 
 
 ART. 46. The law of May 7, 1832, and every part thereof, and 
 all other provisions of law adopted relative to the subject, are 
 hereby repealed. 
 
 J. A. Puebla, Deputy President; Felipe Arellano, Senator Presi- 
 dent; Juan de Dios Peza, Deputy Secretary, Guillerino de Landa, y 
 Escmidon, Senator Secretary. 
 
 Wherefore I order it to be printed, published, circulated, and duly 
 complied with. 
 
 Given in the Palace of the Executive Power in Mexico on the 7th 
 of June, 1890. PORFIRIO DIAZ. 
 
 To Carlos Pacheco, Secretary of Public Works, Colonization, In- 
 dustry, and Commerce.
 
 TRADE -MARK LAW. 
 
 The law of trade-marks at present in force throughout the Repub- 
 lic was approved on the 28th of November, 1889, and was published 
 on the 2d of December, 1889. It may be translated as follows: 
 Porfirio Diaz, Constitional President of the United Slates of Mex. 
 ico, to its inhabitants 
 
 KNOW YE: That by virtue of the- authority granted to the Execu- 
 tive of the Union by decree of June 4, 1887, I have deemed it 
 proper to issue the following: 
 
 LAW OF TRADE-MARKS. 
 
 ART. 1. A mark specially distinguishing in trade any product of 
 industry shall be considered a trade-mark. 
 
 ART. 2. The protection granted by this law to trade -marks for 
 commerce and industry includes only articles manufactured or sold 
 in this country. 
 
 ART. 3. No form, color, motto, or title which does not in itself 
 constitute a specially distinguishing mark in trade of a product may 
 be registered as a trade-mark. In no case shall such mark be 
 against public morals. 
 
 ART. 4. Any owner of a trade-mark, whether a citizen or a for- 
 eigner residing in this country, may acquire the exclusive right to 
 the use of the 'same in tlie Republic, subject to the formalities pre- 
 scribed in this law. 
 
 Citizens and foreigners residing abroad, having an industrial or 
 mercantile establishment or agency for the sale of their products in 
 this country, may register a trade-mark, subject, however, in the case 
 of foreigners, to treaty regulations. 
 
 ART. 5. In order to acquire exclusive ownership of a trade-mark 
 the party concerned must make application in person or by a repre- 
 sentative, to the Department of Public Works, stating that he re- 
 (210)
 
 TRADE-MARK LAW. 211 
 
 serves his rights. His application must be accompanied by the fol- 
 lowing documents: 
 
 I. A power of attorney granted to the attorney in fact in case the 
 party concerned does not appear in person. 
 
 II. Two copies of the trade-mark, or of an engraved or photo- 
 graphic reproduction thereof. 
 
 III. In case the trade-mark is in intaglio or in relief on the arti- 
 cles manufactured, or lias some odier peculiarity, two separate sheets 
 will also be forwarded on which these details will appear, either by 
 means of one or more drawings or a written description. 
 
 IV. The written contract, pursuant to which the agency shall 
 have bien established, duly legalized, in cases arising under the sec- 
 ond subdivision of the foregoing article. 
 
 ART. 6. The application should state the name of the factory, its 
 location, the residence of the owner, and the kind of trade or indus- 
 try in which the applicant desires to employ the trade-mark. 
 
 ART. 7. A trade-mark owned by a foreigner not residing in the 
 Republic, cannot be registered therein, unless previously and reg- 
 ularly registered in the country where it originated. 
 
 ART. 8. A person who shall have first made legal use of a trade- 
 mark is the only one who can apply to acquire ownership thereof. 
 In case of a contest between two owners of the same mark, the 
 ownership will rest in the first possessor, or in case possession can- 
 not be proven, in the lirst applicant. 
 
 ART. 9. The exclusive ownership of a trade- mark cannot be ex- 
 ercised except by virtue of the determination made by the Depart- 
 ment of Public Works, to the effect that the party concerned has re- 
 served his rights, after having complied with all legal requisites. 
 
 ART. 10. The determination referred to in the foregoing article 
 will be made without previous examination, on the exclusive respon- 
 sibility of the applicants, and without prejudice to the rights of 
 third parties. 
 
 The Department of Public Works will cause the application to be 
 published; and in case of contest, filed within ninety days succeeding 
 the date of publication, the mark will not be registered, until the ju- 
 dicial authority shall decide which party is entitled to registration. 
 
 ART. 11. Trade-marks may only be transferred with the establish- 
 ments for whose manufactures or trade they serve as a distinctive
 
 212 TRADE -MARK LAW. 
 
 device; the transfer, however, is not subject to any special formal- 
 ity and will be carried into effect according to the ordinary provis- 
 ions of law. 
 
 ART. 12. The duration of the ownership of trade-marks is indefi- 
 nite, but the right will be considered as abandoned by the closing 
 or failure to produce for more than a year of the establishment, fac- 
 tory, or business employing the same. 
 
 ART. 13. Trade-marks deposited shall be preserved in the Depart- 
 ment of Public Works, where the registry thereof may be examined, 
 during the hours set apart for the purpose by the said Department, 
 by any person so desiring, and who, at liis own expense, may ob- 
 tain a certain copy of the registration thereof. 
 
 ART. 14. The ownership of a trade-mark obtained in violation of 
 the foreg.'ing provisions shall be judicially declared null and void, 
 on application of the parties conceined. 
 
 ART. 15. The judge hearing the case in which the ownership in a 
 trade-mark shall be declared null and void shall give notice of the 
 final judgment therein to the Department of Public Works. 
 
 ART. 16. Trade-marks are counterfeited. 
 
 I. When trade-marks are employed which are a perfect facsimile 
 of another, whose ownership has already been declared. 
 
 II. When the imitation is nearly a facsimile and exact repro- 
 duction of a registered trade-mark, although it' may differ therefrom 
 in certain details, that it may be taken for such registered trade- 
 ma) k. 
 
 ART. 17. All persons who shall counterfeit or make use of a coun- 
 terfeited trade-Taark, provided it be in connection with articles of the 
 same industrial or mercantile character, shall be guilty of the crime 
 of counterfeiting, wherever the 'same may have been committed. 
 
 ART. 18. Crimes of counterfeiting trade-marks shall be subject to 
 the penalties prescribed by the Code applicable thereto, and the coun- 
 terfeiters shall be liable likewise to an action for damages. 
 
 ART. 19. The provisions of this law shall also apply to industrial 
 drawings and models. 
 
 TRANSITORY ARTICLES. 
 
 I. This law will begin to take effect on the 1st of January. 1890. 
 
 II. The applications pending for final determination at that date 
 shall be disposed of in conformity with this law.
 
 THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 
 
 The Federal Constitution in force in the Mexican Republic was 
 adopted on the 5th of February, 1857, and has been amended since 
 at various times. It is .similar in many respects to the Constitution 
 of the United States. 
 
 The supreme power of the Federation is divided into three branches : 
 Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. 
 
 The legislative power is lodged in Congress, divided into two bod- 
 ies: the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The Senate com- 
 prises two senators for each State and two from the Federal Dis- 
 trict. The deputies are elected by popular vote every two years. 
 Congress has two regular sessions annually. The first commences 
 on the 16th of September and ends on the loth of December; and 
 it may be prolonged thirty days. The second session begins April 1 
 and ends May 31, and may be prolonged fifteen days. Its main 
 object is to audit the accounts of the previous fiscal year and pass 
 the appropriation bill for the coining year. 
 
 The executive power is vested in the President, who is elected by 
 electors chosen by popular vote every four years. He is inaugu- 
 rated and enters upon the discharge of his duties on the 1st of De- 
 cember. Under the late amendments there is no restriction what- 
 ever as to the re election of the president. He has the j ower to 
 appoint and remove at will the ministers comprising his cabinet. 
 There are seven Departments under the present law, namely: 
 Foreign Affairs; Interior; Justice and Public Instruction; Coloniza- 
 tion, Industry and Commerce; Treasury and Public Credit; War and 
 Navy; and Communications and Public Works. In the event of a 
 \acancy occurring in the office of President by reason of death or 
 cause other than limitation, the duties of the President devolve 
 on the president of the Senate or the president of the Standing 
 Commission of Congress, holding that position during the mouth 
 prior to the disability of the President. 
 
 (213)
 
 214 THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 
 
 The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court of Justice, 
 arrtl in the District and Circuit Courts. 
 
 The seat of the supreme power of the Federation is the capital of 
 the Republic, sityafced within the Federal District. 
 
 Hereunder we translate some portions of the Federal Constitu- 
 tion and its amendments, which may prove useful to readers of this 
 work. 
 
 TITLE I. 
 
 SECTION I. OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN. 
 
 ART. 1. The Mexican people recognize that the rights of man are 
 the basis and object of social institutions. Wherefore they declare 
 that all the laws and all the authorities of the country must respect 
 and maintain the guarantees which this Constitution grants. 
 
 ART. 2. All are born free within the Republic. Slaves who set 
 foot upon the national territory recover, by that act alone, their 
 liberty, and have a right to the. protection of the laws. 
 
 ART. 3. Instruction is free. The law shall determine what pro- 
 fessions require a diploma to practice them, and what are the requi- 
 sites necessary for the issuing of such diplomas. 
 
 ART. 4. Every man is free to adopt the profession, industrial pur- 
 suit, or occupation which he prefers, provided it is useful and hon- 
 orable, and to nvail himself of its products. Nor shall anyone be 
 prevented from exercising such profession, industrial pursuit, or oc- 
 cupation, unless by judicial sentence, when such exercise interferes 
 with the rights of a third party, or by determination of the govern 
 ment taken in conformity with the provisions set forth in the law, 
 when it offends the rights of society. 
 
 ART. 5. No one shall be obliged to give personal services without 
 just compensation, and without his full consent. The law shall not 
 authorize any contract which has for its object the loss or irrevoca- 
 ble sacrifice of the liberty of man, whether it be for the sake of la- 
 bor, education, or a religious vow.* Neither can it authorize any 
 agreements wherein anyone stipulates for his proscription or banish- 
 ment. 
 
 *Un ler amendment adopted September 23, 1S75, the State may not recog- 
 nize monastic orders, nor wiil it permit their establishment, whatever may be 
 the determination or object with which they claim to be established.
 
 THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 215 
 
 ART. 6. The expression of ideas shall not be the object of any 
 judicial or administrative investigation, except in case it attacks 
 morality, the rights of a third party, provokes some crime or mis- 
 demeanor, or disturbs public order. 
 
 ART. 7. The liberty to write and to publish writings on any sub- 
 ject whatever is inviolable. No law or authority shall establish 
 previous censure, nor require security from authors or printers, nor 
 restrict the liberty of the press, which has no other limits than re- 
 spect of private life, of morality, and of the public peace. Crimes 
 which are committed through the press shall be tried by a jury to 
 determine the fact and by another to apply the law and fix the pun- 
 ishment.* 
 
 ART. 8. The right of petition exercised in writing in a peaceful 
 and respectful manner is inviolable; but only citizens of the Repub- 
 lic may exercise it in political matters. To every petition must be 
 returned a written opinion by the authority to whom it may have 
 been addressed, and the latter is obliged to make the result known 
 to the petitioner. 
 
 ART. 9. No one may be deprived of the right peacefully to assem- 
 ble or unite with others for any lawful object whatsoever, but only 
 citizens of the Republic may do this for the purpose of taking part 
 in the political affairs of the country. No armed assembly has a 
 right to deliberate. 
 
 ART. 10. Every man has a right to possess and carry arms for his 
 security and legitimate defense. The law shall designate what arms 
 ai p e forbidden and the punishment which those shall incur who carry 
 them. 
 
 ART. 11. Every man has a right to enter and to go out of the 
 Republic, to travel through its Territory and change his residence, 
 without the necessity of a letter of security, passport, safe-conduct, 
 or other similar requisite. 
 
 . The exercise of this right shall not interfere with the legitimate 
 power of the judicial or administrative authority, in cases of criminal 
 or civil responsibility. 
 
 *Thi3 article wis a neuded Miy 15, 1833, so that the last sentence shall 
 read: Crimea which are committed through the press shtll be tried by the 
 competent courts of the Federation, or by those of the States of the Federal 
 District or of the Territory of Lower California in conformity with their 
 penal laws.
 
 216 THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 
 
 ART. 12. There are not, nor shall be recognized, in the Republic, 
 any title of nobility, or prerogatives, or hereditary honors. The 
 people alone legitimately i-epresented may decree recompenses, in 
 honor of those who may have rendered or may render eminent serv- 
 ices to the country or to humanity. 
 
 ART. 13. In the Mexican Republic no one may be tried by spe- 
 -cial law nor by spacial tribunals. No person or corporation may 
 have privileges, or enjoy pecuniary advantages, which are not com- 
 pensation for a public service and are established by the law. Mar- 
 tial law can only be applied for crimes and offenses which have a 
 definite connection with military discipline. The law shall deter- 
 mine with a 1 ! precision the cases included in tliis exception. 
 
 ART. 14. No retroactive law shall be enacted. No one may be 
 tried or sentenced except by laws made prior to the act, and exactly 
 applicable thereto, and by a tribunal which shall have been previ- 
 ously established by law. 
 
 ART. 15. Treaties shall never be made for the extradition of polit- 
 ical offenders, nor for the extradition of those who may have com- 
 mitted ordinary offenses, if in the country where they committed 
 the offense they had held the position of slaves, nor agreements or 
 treaties by virtue whereof may be altered the guarantees and rights 
 which this Constitution grants to the man and to the citizen. 
 
 ART. 16. No one may be molested in his person, family, domicile 
 papers, and possessions except in virtue of a writ in writing issued 
 by the competent authority, which shall establish and assign the 
 legal cause for the proceedings. In the case of in fla, /rante delicto 
 any person may apprehend the offender and his acc6mplices, placing 
 them without delay at the disposal of the nearest authority. 
 
 ART. 17. No one may be arrested for debts of a purely civil char- 
 acter. No one may exercise violence in order to uphold his rights. 
 The courts shall always be open to administer justice, which shall 
 be free, judicial costs being consequently abolished. 
 
 ART. 18. Imprisonment shall take place only for crimes which 
 deserve corporal punishment. In any State of the proceedings in 
 which it shall appear that such a punishment might not be imposed 
 upon the accused, he shall be set at liberty under bail. In no case 
 shall the imprisonment or detention be prolonged for default of pay- 
 ment of fees, or of any furnishing of money whatever.
 
 THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 217 
 
 ART. 19. No detention shall exceed the term of three days, unless 
 justified by a writ showing cause of imprisonment and other re- 
 quisites established by the law. The mere lapse of such time shall 
 render responsible the authority that orders or consents to it, and 
 the agents, ministers, bailiffs, or jailers who execute it. Any wrong 
 treatment in the arrest, or in the confinement of the prisoners, any 
 injury which may be inflicted without legal reason therefor, any tax 
 or assessment in the prisons, is an abuse which the laws must cor- 
 rect and the authorities severely punish. 
 
 ART. 20. In every criminal proceeding the accused shall have the 
 following guarantees: 
 
 I. That the ground of the proceedings and the name of the com- 
 plainant, if there shall be one, shall be made known to him. 
 
 II. That his preparatory declaration sh.ill be taken within forty - 
 ight hours, computed from the time he may be placed at the disposal 
 of the judge. 
 
 III. That he shall be confronted with the witnesses who testify 
 against him. 
 
 IV. That he shall be furnished with the information which he 
 requires and which appears in the record of the proceedings in order 
 to prepare for his defense. 
 
 V. That he shall be heard in his defense by himself or. by coun- 
 sel, or by both, as he may desire. In case he should have no one 
 to defend him, a list of official defenders shall be presented to him, 
 so that he may choose one or more who may suit him. 
 
 ART. 21. The application of penalties properly so called belongs 
 exclusively to the judicial authorities. The political or administra- 
 tive authorities may qnly impose fines as correction to the extent 
 of five hundred dollars, or imprisonment to the extent of one month, 
 in the cases and manner which the law shall expressly determine. 
 
 ART. 22. Punishments by mutilation and infamy, by branding, 
 flogging, the bastinado, torture of \\ hatever kind, excessive fines, 
 confiscation of property, or any other unusual or extraordinary 
 punishments, are forever prohibited. 
 
 ART. 23. In order to abolish the penalty of death, the adminis- 
 trative power is charged to establish, as soon as possible, a peniten- 
 tiary system. In the meantime the penalty of death shall be 
 .abolished for political offenses, and shall not be extended to other
 
 218 THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 
 
 cases than treason during foreign war, highway robbery, arson, par- 
 ricide, homicide with treachery, premeditation, or advantage, to 
 grave offenses of the military order, and piracy, which the law shall 
 define. 
 
 ART. 24. No criminal proceeding may be heard before more than 
 three tribunals. No one shall be tried twice for the same offense, 
 whether by the judgment he be acquitted or condemned. The 
 practice of dismissing a criminal case without trial is abolished. 
 
 ART. 25. Sealed correspondence which goes through the mails is 
 free from being examined. The violation of this guarantee is an of- 
 fense which the law shall punish severely. 
 
 ART. 26. In time of peace no soldier may demand quarters, sup- 
 plies, or other real or personal service without the consent of the 
 proprietor. In time of war he may do this only in the manner pre- 
 scribed by the law. 
 
 ART. 27. Private property shall not be taken without the consent 
 of the owner, except on the ground of public utility, and upon pre- 
 vious indemnification. The law shall determine the authority which 
 may effect the appropriation and the conditions under which it may 
 be done. 
 
 No corporation, civil or ecclesiastical, whatever may be its charac- 
 ter, denomination, or object, shall have legal capacity to acquire in 
 ownership or manage for itself real estate, with the single exception 
 of buildings dedicated immediately and directly to the service and 
 object of the institution. 
 
 ART. 28. There shall be no monopolies nor places of any kind for 
 the sale of privileged goods, nor prohibitions under the pretext of 
 protecting industry. There shall be excepted only those referring 
 to the coining of money, to the mails and to the privileges which, 
 for a limited time, the law may grant to inventors or perfectors of 
 some improvement. 
 
 ART. 29. In cases of invasion, serious disturbance of the public 
 peace, or any other cases whatsoever which may place society in 
 great danger or peril, only the President of the Republic, with the 
 advice of the Council of Ministers and with the approval of the 
 Congress of the Union, and during the recess thereof, of the Per- 
 manent Deputation, may suspend the guarantees established by 
 this Constitution, with exception of those which secure the life of
 
 THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 219 
 
 man, but such suspension shall be made only for a limited time, by 
 means of general provisions, and without being limited to a desig- 
 nated per&on. If the suspension should- take place during the ses- 
 sion of Congress, this legislative body shall grant the authorization 
 which it may deem necessary, in order that the Executive may 
 properly overcome the difficulty. If the suspension should take 
 place during the recess, the permanent Deputation shall convoke the 
 Congress without delay, in order that it may pass the authorizations. 
 
 SECTION II. OF MEXICANS. 
 
 ART. 30. Mexicans are: 
 
 I. All those born within or without the territory of the Republic, 
 of Mexican parents. 
 
 II. Foreigners who are naturalized in conformity with the laws 
 of the Federation. 
 
 III. Foreigners who acquire real estate in the Republic or have 
 Mexican children, provided they do not manifest their determina- 
 tion to preserve tln-ir nationality. 
 
 ART. 31. It is the duty of every Mexican: 
 
 I. To defend the independence, the territory, the honor, the 
 rights and interests of his country. 
 
 II. To contribute for the public expenses, as well of the Federa^ 
 tion as of the State and municipality in which he resides, in the 
 proportional and equitable manner which the laws may provide. 
 
 ART. 32. Mexicans shall be preferred to foreigners in equal cir- 
 cumstances, for all offices, employments or commissions of appoint- 
 ment by the authorities, in which the condition of citizenship may 
 not be yidispensable. Laws shall be issued to improve the condi- 
 tion of laborious Mexicans, by rewarding those who distinguished 
 themselves in any science or art, .stimulating labor, and establishing 
 ' practical colleges and schools of arts and trades. 
 
 SECTION 111. OF FOREIGNERS. 
 
 ART. 33. Foreigners are those who do not possess the qualifications 
 set forth i' 1 article 30. They have a right to the guarantees established 
 by section 1 title 1 of this Constitution, except that in all cases the 
 government has the right to expel pernicious foreigners. They are 
 under obligation to contribute to the public expenses in the manner
 
 220 THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 
 
 which the laws may provide, and to obey and i-espect the institu- 
 tions, laws, and authorities of the country, subjecting themselves to 
 the judgments and sentences of the courts, without power to seek 
 other protection than that which the laws concede to Mexican citi- 
 zens. 
 
 SECTION IV. OF MEXICAN CITIZENS. 
 
 ART. 34. Citizens of the Republic are all those who, having the 
 quality of Mexicans, have also the following qualifications: 
 
 I. Eighteen years of age if married, or twenty-one, if not married. 
 
 II. An honest means of livelihood. 
 
 ART. 35. The prerogatives of the citizen are: 
 
 I. To vote at popular elections. 
 
 II. The privilege of being voted for any office subject to popular 
 election, and appointed for any other employment or commission, if 
 he has the qualifications establi.-hed by law. 
 
 III. To meet with others to discuss the political affairs of the 
 country. 
 
 IV. To take up arms in the army or in the national guard, for the 
 defense of the Republic and its institutions. 
 
 V. To exercise in all cases the right of petition. 
 
 AET. 36. The obligations of a citizen of the Republic are: 
 
 I. To be inscribed on the municipal roll, stating all property 
 which he owns, or the industry, profession, or labor by which he 
 subsists. 
 
 II. To enlist in the national guard. 
 
 III. To vote at popular elections in the district to which he be- 
 longs. 
 
 IV. To discharge the duties of the offices of popular election of 
 the Federation, which in no case shall be gratuitous. 
 
 ART. 37. The qualification of citizenship is lost 
 
 I. By naturalization in a foreign country. 
 
 II. By serving officially the government of another country, or 
 accepting from it badges, titles, or employments without previous 
 permission from the Federal Congress, excepting literary, scientific, 
 and humanitarian titles which may be accepted freely. 
 
 ART. 38. The law shall prescribe the cases and the form in which 
 the rights of citizenship may be lost or suspended, and the manner 
 in whicli they may be regained.
 
 THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 221 
 
 TITLE VI. 
 GENERAL PROVISIONS. 
 
 ART. 117. The powers which are not expressly granted by this 
 Oonstituion to the Federal authorities are understood to be reserved 
 to the States. 
 
 ART. 118. No person may at the same time hold two Federal elec- 
 tive offices through popular election, but if elected to two, he may 
 choose whichever he desires to fill. 
 
 ART. 119. No payment shall be made which is not comprised in 
 the appropriation bill, or authorized by a subsequent law. 
 
 ART. 120. The President of the Republic, the members of the 
 Supreme Court of Justice, the deputies, and other public officers of 
 the Federation, who are chosen by popular election, shall receive a 
 compensation for their services, which shall be determined by law 
 and paid by the Federal Treasury. This compensation cannot be 
 renounced, and any law which increases or decreases* it shall not 
 have effect during the period for which a public officer holds the of- 
 fice. 
 
 ART. 121. Every public officer, without any exception, before 
 taking possession of his office, shall take an oath to maintain this 
 Constitution and the- laws which emanate from it. 
 
 ART. 122. In time of peace no military authority may exercise 
 greater power than that which has strict connection with military 
 discipline. There shall be fixed and permanent military commands 
 only in the castles, forts, and warehouses which are immediately 
 under the authority of the government of the Union; or in en- 
 campments, barracks, or posts which may be established outside of 
 towns for stationing troops. 
 
 ART. 123. It belongs exclusively to the Federal authorities to 
 exercise, in matters of religious worship and external rites, the in- 
 tervention which the laws may establish. 
 
 ART. 124. On the 1st of June, 1858, the duties for passage of 
 goods from one State to another and of State custom houses shall 
 be abolished throughout the Republic.* 
 
 *An amendment to the Constitution lately adopted makes the section read 
 as follows: 
 
 AKT. 124. The States shall not levy any duty for the simple passage of 
 goods in the internal commerce. The Government of the Union alone may
 
 222 THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 
 
 ART. 125. The forts, military quarters, warehouses of posts, and 
 other buildings necessary to the government of the Union, shall be 
 under the immediate inspection of the Federal authorities. 
 
 ART. 126. This Constitution, the laws of the Congress of the Un- 
 ion passed by virtue thereof, and all the treaties made or which shall 
 be made by the President of the Republic, with the approval of 
 Congress, shall be the supreme law of the whole Union. The judges 
 of each State shall be guided by said Constitution, laws, and treaties, 
 notwithstanding provisions to the contrary which may appear in the 
 Constitutions or laws of the States. 
 
 AMENDMKNTS TO THE CONSTITUTION ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 25, 1873. 
 
 ART. 1. The State and the church are independent of one another. 
 The Congress may not pass laws establishing or prohibiting any re- 
 ligion. , 
 
 ART. 2. Marriage is a civil contract. This contract and the other 
 acts relating to the civil state of persons belong to the exclusive 
 jurisdiction of the functionaries and authorities of the civil order, 
 within limits provided by the laws, and they shall have the force 
 and validity which the same prescribe to them. 
 
 AUT. 3. No religious institution may acquire real estate or capi- 
 tal as a charge tliereon, with, the single exception established in 
 article 27 of this Constitution. 
 
 ART. 4. The simple promise to speak the truth and to comply 
 with the obligations which are incurred tliereby, shall be substi- 
 tuted for the religious oath, with its effects and penalties. 
 
 decree transit duties, but only with regard to foreign goods which pass 
 through the country by international or iuteroceanic Hues, without being on 
 the national territory more than the time necessary to cross it and to de- 
 part to the foreign country. 
 
 They shall not prohibit, either directly or indirectly, the entrance to their 
 territory, or the departure from it, of any merchandise, except on police 
 ground, or burden the articles of material production on their going abroad 
 or for another State. 
 
 The exemptions from duties which they may grant shall be general; they 
 may not be decreed iu favor of the products of special origin. 
 
 The rate of the imp-Tt duty for a given amount of merchandise shall be the 
 same, whatever may have been its origin, and no heavier burden may be as- 
 signed t > it than that which the similar products of the State in which the 
 import is decreed bear. 
 
 National merchandise shall not be submitted to definite route, nor to in- 
 spection or registry on the way, nor any fiscal document be demanded for its 
 internal circulation. Nor shall they burden foreign merchandise with a 
 greater rate of duty than that whjch may have been permitted them to re- 
 ceive under the Federal laws.
 
 TREATY BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO, 
 FOR THE EXTRADITION OF CRIMINALS. 
 
 The United States of America and the United Mexican States, 
 having judged it expedient, with a view to the better administration 
 of justice and to the prevention of crime within their respective 
 territories and jurisdictions, that persons charged with the crimes 
 hereinafter enumerated and being fugitives from justice, should, un- 
 der certain circumstances, be reciprocally delivered up, have re- 
 solved to conclude a Treaty for this purpose, and have named as 
 their respective plenipotentiaries, that is to say: 
 
 The President of the United States of America has appointed 
 Thomas Corwin, a citizen of the United States and their Envoy 
 Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary near the Mexican Gov- 
 ernment; and, 
 
 The President of the United Mexican States has appointed Sebas- 
 tian Lerdo de Tejada, a citizen of the said States and a deputy of 
 the Congress of the Union, 
 
 Who, after having communicated to each other their respective 
 full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon and con- 
 cluded the following articles: 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 It is agreed that the contracting parties shall, on requisitions 
 made in their name, through the medium of their respective diplo- 
 matic agents, deliver up to justice persons who, being accused of 
 the crimes enumerated in the article third of the present Treaty, 
 committed witliin the jurisdiction of the requiring party, shall seek 
 an asylum or shall be found within the territories of the other. 
 
 Provided that this shall be done only when the fact of the com- 
 mission of the crime shall be so established as that the laws of the 
 county in which the fugitive or the person so accused shall be found 
 
 (223)
 
 224 EXTRADITION TREATY. 
 
 woul 1 justify his or her apprehension anil commitment for trial, if 
 the crime had been there committed. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 In the case of crimes committed in the frontier States or Territories 
 of the two contracting parties, requisition may be made through 
 their respective diplomatic agents, or through the chief civil author- 
 ity of said States or Territories, or through such civil or judicial 
 authorities of the districts or counties bordering on the frontier, as 
 may for this purpose be duly authorized by the said chief civil au- 
 thority of the said frontier States or Territories, or, when from any 
 cause the civil authority of such State or Territory shall be sus- 
 pended, through the chief military officer in command of such State 
 or Territory. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 Pei-sons shall be delivered np who shall be charged, according to 
 the provisions of this Treaty, with any of the following crimes, 
 whether as principals, accessories, or accomplices, to wic: Murder 
 (including assassination, parricide, infanticide, and poisoning), as- 
 sault with intent to commit murder, mutilation, piracy, arson, 
 rape, kidnapping, defining the same to be the taking and carrying 
 away of a free person by force or deception; forgery, including the 
 forging, or making, or knowingly passing, or putting in circulation, 
 counterfeit coin, or bank notes, or other paper current as money 
 with intent to defraud any person or persons; the introduction or 
 making of instruments for the fabrication of counterfeit coin or bank 
 notes or other paper current as money; embezzlement of public 
 moneys, or embezzlement of any person or persons hired or salaried, 
 to the detriment of their employers; robbery, defining the same to 
 be the felonious and forcible taking from the person of another, of 
 goods or money to any value, by violence or putting him in fear; 
 burglary, defining the same to be the breaking and entering into the 
 house of another, with intent to commit felony; and the crime of 
 larceny of cattle, or other goods and chattels, of the value of twenty- 
 five dollars, or more, when the same is committed within the frontier 
 States or Territories of the contracting parties.
 
 EXTRADITION TREATY. 22& 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 On the part of each country, the surrender of fugitives from jus- 
 tice shall be made only by the authority of the executive thereof, 
 except in the case of crimes committed within the limits of the 
 frontier States or Territories in which latter case the surrender 
 may be made by the chief civil authority thereof, or such chief civil 
 or judicial authority of the districts or counties bordering on the 
 frontier, as may for this purpose be duly authorized by the said 
 chief civil authority of the said frontier States or Territories, or if 
 from any cause the civil authority of such State or Territory shall 
 be suspended, then such surrender may be made by the chief mili- 
 tary officer in command of such State or Territory. 
 
 ARTICLE V. 
 
 All expenses whatever of detention and delivery, effected in vir- 
 tue of the preceding provisions, shall be borne and defrayed by the 
 Government, or authority of the frontier State or Territory, in 
 whose name the requisition shall have been made. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 The provisions of the present Treaty shall not be applied in any 
 manner to any crime or offense of a purely political character; nor 
 shall it embrace the return of fugitive slaves, nor the delivery of 
 criminals who, when the offense was committed, shall have been 
 held in the place where the offense was committed in the condition 
 of slaves, the same being expressly forbidden by the Constitution of 
 Mexico; nor shall the provisions of the present Treaty be applied in 
 any manner to the crimes enumerated in the third article com- 
 mitted anterior to the date of the exchange of the ratifications 
 hereof. 
 
 Neither of the contracting parties shall be bound to deliver up its 
 own citizens under the stipulations of this Treaty. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 
 This Treaty shall continue in force until it shall be abrogated by 
 the contracting parties or one of them; but it shall not be abrogated 
 except by mutual consent, unless the party desiring to abrogate it 
 shall give twelve months' previous notice. 
 
 14
 
 226 EXTRADITION TREATY. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. 
 
 The present Treaty shall be ratified in conformity with the Con- 
 stitutions of the two countries, and the ratifications shall be ex- 
 changed at the City of Mexico within six months from the date 
 hereof; or earlier if possible. 
 
 In witness whereof, we, the Plenipotentiaries of the United States 
 of America and of the United Mexican States, have signed and 
 sealed these presents. 
 
 Done in the City of Mexico, on the eleventh day of December, in 
 the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty- one; the 
 eighty-sixth of Independence of the United States of America, and 
 the forty -first of that of the United Mexican States. 
 
 THOMAS CORWIN, [L. s. ] 
 
 SEBASTIAN LERDO DE TEJADA. [L. s.] 
 
 This treaty was duly ratified, and the ratifications were exchanged 
 in conformity with Article VIII thereof, at the City of Mexico, on 
 the 20th of May, 1862.
 
 POSTAL CONVENTION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES 
 AND MEXICO. 
 
 For the purpose of facilitating the intercourse springing from the 
 friendly relations existing between the people of the two countries, 
 their closer neighborhood and increasing commercial and personal 
 dealings, by better and more intimate postal arrangements, the 
 United States of America, by William F. Vilas, the Postmaster- 
 General thereto duly authorized by law, and the United Mexican 
 States by Matias Romero, their Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary at Washington, thereto duly empowered by the 
 President of the United Mexican States, have agreed upon the fol- 
 lowing articles. 
 
 ARTICLE 1. 
 
 (a) Articles of every kind or nature which are admitted to the 
 domestic mail of either country except as herein prohibited, shall be 
 admitted to the mails exchanged under this convention; subject 
 however to such regulations as the Postal Administration of the 
 country of destination may deem necessary to protect its customs 
 revenues. But articles other than letters in their usual and ordi- 
 nary form, must never be closed against inspection, but must be so 
 wrapped or inclosed that they may be readily and thoroughly exam- 
 ined by postmasters or customs officers. 
 
 The following articles are prohibited admission to the mails ex- 
 changed under this convention : 
 
 Publications which violate the copyright laws of the country of 
 destination, packets, except single volumes of printed books, the 
 weight of which exceeds two kilograms, liquids, poisons, explosive 
 or inflammable substances, fatty substances, those which easily liq- 
 uefy, live or dead animals not dried, insects and reptiles, confections, 
 pastes, fruits and vegetables which will easily decompose, and sub- 
 stances which exhale a bad odor, lottery tickets or circulars, all 
 
 (227)
 
 228 POSTAL CONVENTION. 
 
 obscene and immoral articles, other articles which may destroy or 
 in any way damage the mails or injure the persons handling them. 
 
 (6) Except as required by the regulations of the country of desti- 
 nation for the collection of its customs duties, all admissible inatfer 
 mailed in one country for the other, or received in one country from 
 the other, whether by land or sea conveyance, shall be free from any 
 detention or inspection whatever, and shall in the first case be for- 
 warded by the most speedy means to their destination, and in the 
 latter be promptly delivered to the respective persons to whom they 
 are addressed, being subject in their transmission to the laws and 
 regulations of each country respectively. 
 
 (c) The classification of and the rates of postage and the registra- 
 tion fee to be levied and collected upon mail matter originating in 
 either country and addressed to the other, shall be in accordance 
 with the domestic laws and regulations of the country of origin; pro- 
 vided that the rates of postage and registration fees so levied shall 
 not exceed in either country the minimum rates of postage and reg- 
 istration fee prescribed for articles of a like nature by articles 5 and 6 
 of the Universal Postal Union Convention of Paris, of June, 1878, 
 as amended by the Additional Act of Lisbon, of March 21, 1885. 
 
 ARTICLE 2. 
 
 
 
 (a) Each administration shall retain to its own use the whole of 
 the postages and registration fees it collects on postal articles ex- 
 changed with the other, including deficient postage. Consequently 
 there will be no postage accounts between the two countries. 
 
 (6) Full prepayments of postage shall be required in both coun- 
 tries upon correspondence of all kinds, except letters, upon which 
 prepayment of at least one full rate shall be compulsory. Payment 
 of postage and registration fees shall be certified by affixing the ap- 
 propriate stamps of the country of origin. 
 
 (c) Each insufficiently- prepayed letter shall have stamped on its 
 cover the capital letter T, and shall have indicated'plainly thereon, 
 in figures, on the upper left-hand corner of the address, by the postal 
 officials of the country of origin, the amount of the deficient postage, 
 and only the amount so indicated shall be collected of addressees on 
 delivery, except in cases of obvious error.
 
 POSTAL CONVENTION. 229 
 
 ARTICLE 3. 
 
 No postage charges shall be levied in either country on fully pre- 
 payed correspondence originating in the other, nor shall any charge 
 be made in the country of destination upon official correspondence 
 which under the postal regulations of the country of origin is entitled 
 to freedom from postage, but the country of destination will receive, 
 forward, and deliver the same free of charge. 
 
 ARTICLE 4. 
 
 In case any correspondence is tendered for mailing in either 
 country obviously with the intention to evade the higher postage 
 rates applicable to it in the other country, it shall be refused, unless 
 payment be made of such higher rates. 
 
 ARTICLE 5. 
 
 () Exchanges of mails under this convention, whether by sea or 
 overland, shall be effected through the post offices of both countries 
 already designated as exchange post offices, or through such others 
 as may be hereafter agreed upon, under such regulations relative to 
 the details of the exchanges as may ba mutually determined to be 
 essential to the security and expedition of the mails and the protec- 
 tion of the custom revenues. 
 
 (6) Each country shall provide for and bear the expense of the 
 conveyance of its mails to the other; or if by agreement the convey- 
 ance in both "directions in overland exchanges, other than by railway, 
 is provided by one of them, the expense of transportation shall be 
 shared between them in proportion to the distance traveled over the 
 territory of each. 
 
 ARTICLE 6. 
 
 (a) The United States of America and the United Mexican 
 States each grant to the other, free of any charges, detention or ex- 
 amination whatever, the transit across the territory, or by means of 
 maritime services subsidized by either country to ply between the 
 ports of the two countries, of closed mails made up|by any author- 
 ized exchange office of either country addressed to] any other ex- 
 change office of the same country, or to any exchange office of the 
 other country or of a foreign country. And a mail agent of either
 
 230 POSTAL CONVENTION. 
 
 country shall be permitted to accompany the closed mails in transit 
 across the territory of the other, but his transportation and other 
 expenses shall be paid by the country to which the closed mails be- 
 long. 
 
 (6) But correspondence forwarded from either country to the 
 other, in open mail for dispatch to countries beyond, shall be liable 
 for Mexican or United States transit to the following rates, viz.: 
 
 For maritime transit, five francs per kilogram of letters and post- 
 cards, and fifty centimes per kilogram of other articles. 
 
 And settlements therefor shall be made according to articles IV 
 and XII of the Universal Postal Union Convention, as amended 
 by the Additional Act of Lisbon. 
 
 AETICLE 7. 
 
 (a) Any packet of mailable correspondence may be registered 
 upon payment of the rate of postage and the registration fee applica- 
 ble thereto in the country of origin. 
 
 (b) An acknowledgment of the delivery of a registered article 
 shall be returned to the .sender when requested; but either country 
 may require of the sender prepayment of a fee therefor not exceed- 
 ing five cents. . ' 
 
 ARTICLE 8. 
 
 () Overland exchange of ordinary international correspondence 
 may be effected without the use of letter bills, but registered corre- 
 spondence must be accompanied by a descriptive list thereof, by 
 means of which the registered articles may be identified for the pur- 
 pose of acknowledgment by the receiving offices. 
 
 (6) If a registered article advised shall not be found in the mail 
 by the receiving office, its absence shaH be immediately reported by 
 the reeeiving to the sending office. 
 
 ARTICLE 9. 
 
 Ordinary and registered exchanges, unless the latter be made in 
 through registered pouches, shall be effected in properly sealed sacks. 
 
 ARTICLE 10. 
 
 (a) All registered articles, ordinary letters, postal cards, and 
 other manuscript matter, business or commercial papers, books 
 (bound or sticked), proofs of printing, engravings, photographs,
 
 POSTAL CONVENTION. 231 
 
 drawings, maps, and other articles manifestly of value to the sender, 
 which are not delivered from any cause shall be reciprocally re- 
 turned monthly without charge, through the central administrations 
 of the two countries, in special packets or sacks marked "Rebuts," 
 after the expiration of the period for their retention required by the 
 laws or regulations of the country of destination; the returned regis- 
 tered articles to be accompanied by a descriptive list and the spe- 
 cial packets or sacks used for returning undelivered matter to be 
 forwarded under registration when registered articles are returned 
 in them. 
 
 (6) Fully prepaid letters which bear requests by the senders for 
 their return in case of nondelivery by a certain date, or within a 
 specified time, shall be reciprocally returned without charge directly 
 to the dispatching exchange office, at the expiration of the period 
 for their retention indicated in the requests. 
 
 (c) Fully prepaid letters bearing on the covers the business cards, 
 the names and addresses of the senders, or designation of places to 
 which they may be returned, as post office box, street and number, 
 etc., without requests for their return in case of nondelivery within 
 a specified time, shall be reciprocally returned without charge di- 
 rectly to the dispatching exchange office at the expiration of thirty 
 days from the date of their receipt at the office of destination. 
 
 ARTICLE 11. 
 
 The sender of any article of admissible matter may cause its re- 
 turn, or the address to be changed, before its delivery to the ad- 
 dressee. The request therefor must be made by the Post Office 
 Department of 'the country of origin, at the cost of the sender. 
 
 ARTICLE 12. 
 
 All matters connected with the exchange of mails between the 
 two countries, which are not herein provided for, shall be governed 
 by the provisions of the Universal Postal Union Convention and 
 Regulations now in force, or which may hereafter be enacted, for 
 the governance of such matters in the exchange of mails between 
 countries of the Universal Postal Union Convention generally; so 
 far as the articles of such Universal Postal Union Convention shall 
 be obligatory upon both of the contracting parties.
 
 232 POSTAL CONVENTION. 
 
 ARTICLE 13. 
 
 The Postmaster-General of the United States of America, and 
 the Director-General of the Posts of the United Mexican States, 
 shall have authority to jointly make such further regulations of 
 order and details as may be found necessary to carry out the pres- 
 ent Convention from time to time, and may by agreement prescribe 
 conditions for the admission to the mails of any of the articles pro- 
 hibited by article 1. 
 
 ARTICLE 14. 
 
 In case of the misfortune of war between the two nations the 
 mail service of the two post offices shall continue without impedi- 
 ment or molestation, until six weeks after a notification shall have 
 been made on part of either of the two governments and delivered 
 to the other that the service is to be discontinued; and in such case 
 the mail packets of the two countries shall be permitted to return 
 freely and under special protection to their respective ports. 
 
 ARTICLE 15. 
 
 This Convention abrogates the special postal Convention between 
 the two countries signed at the City of Mexico December 11 , 1861. 
 It shall be ratified by the contracting countries in accordance with 
 their respective laws; and its ratifications shall be exchanged at the 
 City of Washington as early as possible, not later than three months 
 from this date. It shall take effect on the first day of July, 1887, 
 and shall continue in force until terminated by mutual agreement or 
 annulled at the instance of the Post Office Department of either 
 country upon six months' previous notice given to the other. 
 
 Done in duplicate and signed at Washington the fourth day of 
 April, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven. 
 
 [L. s.] M. ROMERO, Minister of Mexico. 
 [L. s.] WM. F. YILAS, Postmaster-General. 
 
 This Convention was duly ratified, and its ratifications were ex- 
 changed as specified therein.
 
 CONVENTION FOR A PARCEL POST BETWEEN THE 
 UNITED STATES AND MEXICO. 
 
 For the purpose of making better postal arrangements between 
 the United Mexican States and the United States of America, the 
 undersigned, Matias Romero, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary of the United Mexican States, at Washington, duly 
 empowered thereto by the President of the United Mexican States, 
 and Don M. Dickinson, Postmaster-General of the United States of 
 America, by vj.rtue of authority vested in him by law, have agreed 
 upon the following articles for the establishment of a Parcels Post 
 system of exchange between the two countries. 
 
 ARTICLE I. 
 
 The provisions of this convention relate only to parcels of mail 
 matter to be exchanged by the system herein provided for and affect 
 the arrangements now existing only so far as they relate to mer- 
 chandise parcels, as provided for under the convention between the 
 two contracting countries signed on the 4th of April, 1887, and all 
 other arrangements therein contained will continue as heretofore; 
 'and all the arrangements herein after contained apply exclusively to 
 merchandise parcels mails exchanged under these articles. 
 
 ARTICLE II. 
 
 1. There shall be admitted to the mails exchanged under this 
 convention, articles of merchandise and mail matter, except letters 
 post, cards, and written matter of all kinds that are admitted under 
 any conditions to the domestic mails of the country of origin, except 
 that no packet must exceed five kilograms or eleven pounds in 
 weight, nor the following dimensions: greatest length in any direc- 
 tion, sixty centimeters, or two feet; greatest girth, one hundred and 
 twenty centimeters, or four feet; and must be so wrapped or inclosed 
 as to permit their contents to be easily examined by postmasters 
 
 (233)
 
 234 PARCEL POST CONVENTION. 
 
 and custom officers, and except the articles mentioned in article 1, 
 paragraph "A" of the postal convention between the two contract- 
 ing countries, of April 4, 1887, which are hereby prohibited. 
 
 2. All admissible articles of merchandise mailed in one country 
 for the other, or received in one country from the other, whether 
 by land or sea conveyance, shall be free from any detention or in- 
 spection whatever, except such as is required for collection of cus- 
 toms duties, and shall be forwarded by the most speedy means to 
 their destination, being subject in their transmission to the laws 
 and regulations of each country respectively. 
 
 ARTICLE III. 
 
 1. A letter or communication of the nature of personal corre- 
 spondence must not accompany, be written on, or inclosed with, any 
 parcel. 
 
 2. If such be found, the letter will be placed in the mails if sep- 
 arable, and if inseparably attached, the whole package will be re- 
 jected. If, however, any such should inadvertently be forwarded, 
 the country of destination will collect double rates of postage ac- 
 cording to the Universal Postal Union Convention. 
 
 3. No parcel may contain parcels intended for delivery at an ad- 
 dress other than the one borne by the parcel itself. If such in- 
 closed parcels be detected, they must be sent forward singly, 
 charged with new and distinct parcel post rates. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. 
 
 1. The following rates of postage shall in all cases be required to 
 be fully prepaid with postage stamps of the country of origin, viz : 
 
 2. For a parcel not exceeding four hundred and sixty grams or 
 one pound in weight, twelve cents, and for each additional four hun- 
 dred and sixty grams, or one pound, or fraction thereof, twelve cents. 
 
 3. The package shall be promptly delivered to addressees at the 
 post offices of address in the country of destination, free of charge 
 for postage, but the country of destination may, at its option, levy 
 and collect from the addressee for interior service and delivery, a 
 charge not exceeding five cents on each single parcel of whatever 
 weight, and if the weight exceeds four hundred and sixty grams or 
 one pound, a charge equal to one cent for each one hundred and fif- 
 teen grams or four ounces of weight or fraction thereof.
 
 PARCEL POST CONVENTION. 235 
 
 ARTICLEV. 
 
 1. The sender will, at the time of mailing the package, receive a 
 receipt of mailing from the post office where the package is mailed, 
 on a form like model 1, annexed hereto. 
 
 2. The sender of a package may have the same registered by pay- 
 ing the registration fee required for registered articles in the country 
 of origin. 
 
 3. An acknowledgment of the delivery of a registered article 
 shall be returned to the sender when requested, but either country 
 may require of the sender prepayment of a fee therefor not exceed- 
 ing five cents. 
 
 4. The addressees of registered articles shall be advised of the ar- 
 rival of a package addressed to them, by notice from the post office 
 of destination. 
 
 ARTICLE VI. 
 
 1. The sender of each package shall make a Custom Declaration, 
 pasted upon or attached to the package, upon a special form pro- 
 vided for the purpose (see model 2, annexed hereto), giving a gen- 
 eral description of the parcel, an accurate statement of contents and 
 value, date of mailing, and the sender's signature and place of 
 residence and place of address. The Customs Declaration herein 
 provided shall be omitted in the country of origin during such 
 period as the Postmaster-General of the country of destination 
 shall request such omission. 
 
 2. The packages in question shall be subject in the country of 
 destination to all customs duties and all customs regulations in force 
 in that country for the protection of its Customs Revenues; and the 
 custom duties properly chargeable thereon shall be collected on de- 
 livery, in accordance with the customs regulations of the country of 
 destination. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. 
 
 Each country shall retain to its own use the whole of the post- 
 ages, registration and delivery fees it collects on said packages; con- 
 sequently this convention will give rise to no separate accounts be- 
 tween the two countries. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. 
 
 1. The packages shall be considered as a component part of the 
 mails exchanged direct between Mexico and the United States of
 
 236 PARCEL POST CONVENTION. 
 
 America, to be dispatched by the country of origin to the other at 
 its cost and by such means as it provides, in ordinary mail sacks to 
 be marked "Parcels Posts" and to be securely sealed with wax, or 
 otherwise, as may be mutually provided by regulations hereunder. 
 
 2. Registered packages shall be exchanged in separate and dis- 
 tinct sacks marked " Registered Parcels Post." 
 
 3. Each country shall return to the dispatching office by next 
 mail all bags or sacks used in the exchange of parcels. 
 
 4. Although articles admitted under this convention will be 
 transmitted as aforesaid between the exchange offices, they should 
 be so carefully packed as to be safely transmitted in the open mails 
 of either country, both in going to the exchange office in the coun- 
 try of origin and to the office of address in the country of destina- 
 tion. 
 
 5. Each dispatch of a parcel post mail must be accompanied by 
 a descriptive list in duplicate of all the packages sent, showing dis- 
 tinctly the list number of each parcel, the name of the sender, the 
 name of the addressee, with address of destination, and must be in- 
 closed in one of the sacks of such dispatch under the form of model 
 3, annexed hereto. 
 
 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 Exchanges of mails under this convention from any place in 
 either country to any place in the other, whether by sea or overland, 
 shall be effected through the post offices of both countries already 
 designated as Exchange Postoffices, or through such others as may 
 be hereafter agreed upon, under such regulations relative to the de- 
 tails of the exchanges as may be mutually determined to be essen- 
 tial to the security and expedition of the mails and the protection of 
 the Customs Revenues. 
 
 ARTICLE X. 
 
 1. As soon as the mail shall have reached the exchange office of 
 destination, that office shall check the contents of the mail. 
 
 2. In the event of the Parcel Bill not having been received, a 
 substitute should at once be prepared. 
 
 3. Any errors in the entries on the Parcel Bill which may be 
 discovered shall, after verification by a second officer, be corrected 
 and noted for report to the dispatching office on a Form " Verifica- 
 tion Certificate," which shall be sent in the special envelope.
 
 PARCEL POST CONVENTION. 237 
 
 4. If a parcel advised on the bill be not received, after the non- 
 receipt has been verified by a second officer, the entry on the bill 
 should be canceled and the fact reported at once. 
 
 5. Should a parcel be received in a damaged or imperfect condi- 
 tion, full particulars shall be reported on the same form. 
 
 6. If no Verification Certificate or note of error be received, a 
 parcel mail shall be considered as duly delivered, having been found 
 on examination correct in all respects. 
 
 ARTICLE XI. 
 
 If the packages cannot be delivered as addressed, or if they are 
 refused, they should be reciprocally returned without charge, directly, 
 to the dispatching office of exchange, at the expiration of thirty 
 days from their receipt at the office of destination, and the country 
 of origin may collect from the sender for the return of the parcel a 
 sum equal to the postage when first mailed. 
 
 ARTICLE XII. 
 
 The Post Office Department of either of the contracting countries 
 will not be responsible for the loss or damage of any package, and 
 no indemnity can consequently be claimed by the sender or ad- 
 dressee in either country. 
 
 ARTICLE XIII. 
 
 The Director- General of Posts of the United Mexican States, and 
 the Postmaster- General of the United States of America, may, by 
 agreement, exempt, on account of insecurity in the conveyance, or 
 other causes, certain post offices in either country, from receiving or 
 dispatching packages of merchandise weighing from two to five 
 kilograms, as provided for by this Convention, and shall have au- 
 thority to jointly make such farther regulations of order and detail 
 as may be found necessary to carry out the present Convention 
 from time to time; and may, by agreement, prescribe conditions for 
 the admission to the mails of any of the articles prohibited by arti- 
 cle 1 of the Postal Convention on the 4th of April, 1887. 
 
 ARTICLE XIV. 
 
 This Convention shall be ratified by the contracting countries in 
 accordance with their respective laws, and its ratifications shall be
 
 238 PARCEL POST CONVENTION. 
 
 exchanged at the City of Washington as early as possible. Once 
 ratified and its ratifications exchanged, it shall take effect, and oper- 
 ations thereunder shall begin on the first day of July, 1888, and 
 shall continue in force until terminated by mutual agreement, but 
 maybe annulled at the desire of either Department, upon six months' 
 previous notice given to the other. 
 
 Done in duplicate and signed at Washington, the twenty-eighth 
 day of April, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight. 
 
 M. Romero, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary 
 of the United Mexican States. 
 
 Don M. Dickinson, Postmaster-General of the United States of 
 America. 
 
 This Convention was duly ratified, and the ratifications thereof 
 were duly exchanged at the city of Washington, as specified above.
 
 LAW REGARDING FOREIGNERS AND NATURALIZATION. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND FOREIGN RELATIONS. 
 REGISTRY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 MEXICO, May 28, 1886. 
 
 The President of the Republic has been pleased to address me the 
 following decree: 
 
 Porfirio Diaz, President of the United States of Mexico, to its in- 
 habitants makes known: 
 
 That the Federal Congress has decreed as follows: 
 The Congress of the United States of Mexico decrees the follow- 
 ing: 
 
 LAW AS TO FOREIGNERS AND NATURALIZATION. 
 CHAPTER I. As TO MEXICANS AND FOREIGNERS. 
 
 ART. 1. Mexicans are: 
 
 I. Those born within national territory, having a Mexican father 
 by birth or naturalization. 
 
 II. Those born within the same national territory, who have a 
 Mexican mother and a father not legally known, in conformity with 
 the laws of the Republic. Those who are born from unknown par- 
 ents or of unknown nationality, shall be considered under the same 
 heading. 
 
 III. Those born outside of the Republic, of Mexican father, who 
 may not have lost his nationality. If this should have happened, 
 the children shall be considered as foreigners; although they may, 
 nevertheless, show their preference to be considered Mexicans within 
 the year following the day when they may attain twenty-one years; 
 provided they may make the appropriate declaration before the di- 
 plomatic or consular agents of the Republic, if they reside outside of 
 it, or before the Department of Foreign Relations, if they reside 
 within the national territory. 
 
 (239)
 
 240 LAW REGARDING FOREIGNERS. 
 
 If the children referred to in the foregoing paragraph reside in 
 the national territory, and upon attaining majority shall have ac- 
 cepted some public office or served in the army, navy, or National 
 guard, they may be considered as Mexicans, owing to those acts, 
 without requiring any further formalities. 
 
 IV. Those born outside of the Republic, of Mexican mother, if 
 the father is unknown and she has lost her nationality according to 
 the provisions of this law. If the mother should have become nat- 
 uralized in a foreign country, her children shall be foreigners, but 
 they shall have the option to be -considered Mexicans, by using that 
 option in the same terms and under the same conditions as stated 
 in the foregoing paragraph. 
 
 V. Mexicans who may have lost their nationality, in conformity 
 with the prescriptions of this law, shall regain it by complying with 
 the requirements therein established, according to the cases to which 
 their circumstances may refer. 
 
 VI. A foreign woman who may contract marriage with a Mexi- 
 can shall keep her Mexican nationality even during her widowhood. 
 
 VII. Persons born outside of the Republic, but who may have 
 settled there in 1828, took the oath to support the declaration of 
 independence, have continued their residence in the national terri- 
 tory, and have not changed their nationality. 
 
 VIII. Mexicans who, residing within the territories ceded to the 
 United States by the treaties of the 2d of February, 1848, and 30th 
 of November, 1853, may have complied with the requirements pre- 
 scribed in such treaties to preserve their Mexican nationality. The 
 same standing will be had by Mexicans who may continue residing 
 in lands belonging to Guatemala, and to the citizens of that Repub- 
 lic who remain in those belonging to Mexico, according to the treaty 
 of September 27, 1882; provided that said citizens may comply with 
 the prescriptions stipulated in article 5th of the same treaty. 
 
 IX. Foreigners naturalized in conformity with this law. 
 
 X. Foreigners who may acquire real estate of the Republic; pro- 
 vided they shall not declare their intention of retaining their nation- 
 ality. When the property is acquired, the foreigner shall state to 
 the notary or judge before whom the transfer is made, if he desires 
 or nob to obtain the Mexican nationality in conformity with the 
 right which paragraph III of article 30 of the Constitution grants 
 him, making note of the foreigner's statement on this point.
 
 LAW REGARDING FOREIGNERS. 241 
 
 If he chooses the Mexican nationality, or omits to declare his in- 
 tention on the subject, he may petition to the Department of For- 
 eign Relations within one year, in order to comply with the require- 
 ments stated in article 19 and be considered as a Mexican. 
 
 XI. Foreigners who may have sons born in Mexico, provided 
 they shall not prefer to retain their foreign nationality. When the 
 registration of the birth is effected, the father shall state before the 
 Judge of Civil Registry his intention on the subject, which shall be 
 noted in the official registration; and if he prefers the Mexican na- 
 tionality or omits to declare his intention on the subject, he may 
 petition to the Department of Foreign Relations, within one year, 
 in order to comply with the requirements stated in article, 19 and 
 be considered as Mexican. 
 
 XII. Foreigners who may serve the Mexican Government in an 
 official capacity, or who may accept from it titles or public trusts, 
 provided that within one year after having accepted the titles or 
 public trusts thus conferred on them, or having commenced to offi- 
 cially serve the Mexican Government, shall petition the Department 
 of Foreign Relations in order to comply with the requisites stated 
 in article 19 and be considered as Mexicans. 
 
 ART. 2. Foreigners are: 
 
 I. Those born outside of the national territory, who may be sub- 
 jects of foreign governments, and who may not have been natural- 
 ized in Mexico. 
 
 II. Children of a foreign father or a foreign mother and an un- 
 known father, born within the national territory, until they attain 
 the age when, in conformity with the law of nationality of the father 
 or mother, respectively, they should be of age. After the year suc- 
 ceeding that age has elapsed, without their declaring their intention 
 before the political authority of their residence that they follow the 
 nationality of their parents, they shall be considered as Mexicans. 
 
 III. Those absent from the Republic without leave of absence or 
 government commission, or on account of studies, public interest, 
 business, or industrial firm, or the practice of some profession, that 
 may allow ten years to elapse without asking permission to extend 
 their absence. This permission shall not exceed five years each 
 time that they may ask it, there existing the necessity, when the 
 
 15
 
 242 LAW REGARDING FOREIGNERS. v 
 
 first leave is obtained, to present just and proper reasons to obtain 
 another. 
 
 TV. Mexican women who may marry foreigners; they will retain 
 their standing of foreigners, even during their widowhood. After 
 the marriage is dissolved a native Mexican woman may regain her 
 nationality, whenever, beside fixing her residence in the Republic, 
 she declares her intention, before the civil judge of her domicile, of 
 regaining her nationality. 
 
 A Mexican woman who does not attain her husband's nationality 
 through marriage, according to the laws of the latter's country, shall 
 retain her own. 
 
 The change of nationality in the husband after the marriage im- 
 plies the change of the same nationality in the wife and minor chil- 
 dren subject to parental authority, provided they shall reside in the 
 country where the husband or father may have respectively natural- 
 ized, saving the exception established in the paragraph preceding 
 this section. 
 
 V. Mexicans naturalized in other countries. 
 
 VI. Those who serve in an official capacity foreign governments 
 in any political, administrative, judicial, military, or diplomatic of- 
 fice, without permission from Congress. 
 
 VII. Those who accept foreign decorations, titles, or commis- 
 sions without previously obtaining permission therefor from the Fed- 
 eral Congress, excepting literary, scientific, and humanitarian titles 
 which may be freely accepted. 
 
 ART. 3. For the purpose of determining the place of birth, in the 
 cases referred to in the foregoing articles, it is hereby declared that 
 national ships, without any distinction whatever, are part of the 
 national territory, and that those born on board of them shall be 
 considered as born within the Republic. 
 
 ART. 4. By virtue of the right of extraterritoriality enjoyed by 
 diplomatic agents, the children of Ministers or employes of the lega- 
 tions of the Republic can never be considered as born outside of the 
 country, for the effects provided in this law. 
 
 ART. 5. The nationality of moral persons or associations shall be 
 regulated by the law authorizing their formation; consequently all 
 those formed in conformity with the laws of the Republic shall be 
 Mexican, provided they shall have here their legal domicile. For-
 
 LAW REGARDING FOREIGNERS. 243 
 
 eign moral persons enjoy in Mexico the rights granted to them by 
 the laws of the country of their domicile, provided, however, that 
 these are not in conflict with the laws of the nation. 
 
 CHAPTER II. EXPATRIATION. 
 
 ART. 6. The Mexican Republic recognizes the right of expatria- 
 tion, as natural and inherent to every man, and as necessary to the 
 enjoyment of individual freedom; consequently it will permit its in- 
 habitants to exercise this right, so that they may go out of its terri- 
 tory and settle in a foreign country, as well as it protects the right 
 had by foreigners of all nationalities to come and dwell within its 
 jurisdiction. The Republic therefore receives the subjects or citi- 
 zens of other States, and naturalizes them in conformity with the 
 prescriptions of this law. 
 
 ART. 7. The Repatriation and subsequent naturalization obtained in 
 a foreign country, do not exempt the criminal of being extradited, 
 tried and punished as he may be subject to according to treaties, in- 
 ternational customs, and the laws of the country. 
 
 ART. 8. Citizens naturalized in Mexico, although they may be 
 abroad, shall have the right to the same protection from the govern- 
 ment of the Republic as Mexicans by birth have, be it with regard 
 to their persons or to their properties. This does not prevent that, 
 if they return to the country of their origin, they may be subject to 
 all the responsibilities which they may have incurred, before their 
 naturalization, in conformity with the laws of this country. 
 
 ART. 9. The Mexican Government shall protect Mexican citizens 
 while abroad, by the means that international law authorizes. 
 The President shall use of those means, whenever he may deem it 
 convenient to do so, provided they may not constitute acts of hos- 
 tility; but if diplomatic intervention should be of no avail, and such 
 means should not be sufficient, or if the grievances inflicted on the 
 Mexican nation should be so great that they would demand more 
 severe measures, the President shall immediately give an account 
 thereof to Congress, with the proper documents, in order to pursue 
 the course laid down in the Constitution. 
 
 ART. 10. Naturalization of a foreigner is void, if he shall reside for 
 tWo years in the country of his origin, unless such residence shall be
 
 244 LAW REGARDING FOREIGNERS. 
 
 
 
 due to the performance of an official commission from the Mexican 
 Government or by virtue of its permission. 
 
 CHAFFER III. NATURALIZATION. 
 
 AHT. 11. Every foreigner complying with the prescriptions estab- 
 lished in this law may become naturalized in the Republic. 
 
 ART. 12. At least six months before he asks to be naturalized he 
 must present a petition in writing to the Common Council of the 
 place of his residence, showing his intention of becoming a Mexican 
 citizen and of giving up his foreign nationality. The Common 
 Council shall give him a certified copy of such petition, and pre- 
 serve the original thereof in its archives. 
 
 ART. 13. After said six months shall have elapsed, and when the 
 foreigner shall have resided two years in the Republic, he may 
 petition the Federal Government to grant him Ms certificate of 
 naturalization. In order to obtain it he must beforehand present 
 himself before the District Judge under whose jurisdiction he may 
 be, offering to prove the following facts: 
 
 I. That, in conformity with the laws of this country, he is in the 
 full enjoyment of his civil rights, owing to his being of age. 
 
 II. That he has resided in the Republic during at least two years, 
 conducting himself properly. 
 
 III. That he has a business, trade, profession, or income from 
 which he derives a living. 
 
 ART. 14. Annexed to the petition, that he may present to the 
 District Judge asking that he carry on such examination, 'he shall 
 have a certified copy issued by the Common Council, to which ref- 
 erence is made in article 12, and furthermore add an express re- 
 nouncement of all submission, obedience, or fidelity to any foreign 
 government, and especially to that of which petitioner may have 
 beer; subject, to any protection other than that of the laws and 
 authorities of Mexico, and to all the rights that treaties or interna- 
 tional law may grant to foreigners. 
 
 ART. 15. The District Judge, after having previously liad the 
 party concerned" ratify his petition, will cause to be taken, with the 
 assistance of the district attorney, the testimony of witnesses on the 
 points to which article 13 has reference, and he may exact, if he
 
 LAW REGARDING FOREIGNERS. 245 
 
 deems it necessary, the report which regarding it the Common Coun . 
 oil may give and to which article 12 refers. 
 
 The judge shall likewise receive the other proofs that the party 
 concerned may present with reference to the points stated in article 
 13, and shall ask an opinion thereon from the district attorney. 
 
 ART. 16. The said judge, in case that his decision should be fa- 
 vorable to the petitioner, shall forward the original proceedings to 
 the Department of Foreign Relations, so that it may issue the cer- 
 tificate of naturalization, if in- its judgment there is no legal reason 
 to prevent its issuance. Through the intervention of the same judge, 
 the party concerned shall present a petition to that Department, 
 asking for the certificate of naturalization, ratifying his renounce- 
 ment of foreign rights, and protesting to support, obey, and submit 
 himself to the laws and authorities of the Republic. 
 
 ART. 17. Foreigners serving in the merchant national navy may 
 become naturalized, it being sufficient for them to serve one year 
 on board, instead of the two that are required under article 13. For 
 the purposes of the proceedings of naturalization, jurisdiction may be 
 had by the district judge of any of the ports at which the ship may 
 arrive, and in the same manner a common council of any of said 
 places may receive the petition to which article 12 refers. 
 
 ART. 18. Foreigners naturalized in conformity with the law, and 
 thoe who have the right to exercise their option as to becoming 
 Mexican citizens, are not comprised within the prescription of arti- 
 cles 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16; consequently the children of a Mex- 
 ican or of a Mexican woman who has lost his or her citizenship, 
 and to whom subdivisions III and IV of article 1 refer; a foreign 
 woman who marries a Mexican, to whom subdivision IV of the 
 same article has reference; the children of a foreign father or of a 
 foreign mother and an unknown father born in national territory, 
 to whom reference is made in subdivision II of article 2, and the 
 Mexican widow of a foreigner, referred to in section IV of the same 
 article, shall be considered as naturalized for all legal purposes, pro- 
 vided they shall merely comply with the prescriptions established 
 in those articles and without requiring any further formalities. 
 
 ART. 19. Foreigners who may be considered within the cases 
 stated in subdivisions X, XI, and XII, of article 1, may address 
 themselves to the Department of Foreign Relations asking for their
 
 246 LAW REGARDING FOREIGNERS. 
 
 certificate of naturalization, within the term set forth in said sub- 
 divisions. They shall annex to their petition the document that 
 may show that they have acquired real estate or have had children 
 in Mexico, or accepted some public office, as the case may be. They 
 shall furthermore present the renouncement and protest that are re- 
 quired by articles 14 and 16 in ordinary cases of naturalization. 
 
 ART. 20. Absence in a foreign land with permission of the gov- 
 ernment does not interrupt the residence required under article 13 
 provided such absence shall not exceed, six months during the period 
 of two years. 
 
 ART. 21. Certificates of naturalization shall not be issued in favor 
 of subjects or citizens of a nation against whom the Republic is at 
 war. 
 
 ART. 22. No certificates of naturalization shall be given to those 
 who are considered, or have been judicially declared in other coun- 
 tries, to be pirates, slave dealers, incendiaries, counterfeiters, or 
 forgers of bank bills or other documents used in lieu of coin, nor to 
 assassins and robbers. Naturalization obtained by a foreigner 
 fraudulently and in violation of the law is entirely null and void. 
 
 ART. 23. The certificates of naturalization . shall be issued gratu- 
 itously, and nothing shall be charged for them, either as costs or 
 registration fees, seals, or in any other way. 
 
 ART. 24. As the act of naturalization is entirely of a personal na- 
 ture, it can only be made through a representative by means of a 
 special and sufficient power of attorney for that act, which may con- 
 tain the renouncement and protest that the party concerned must 
 make in person, but in no case can the power supply the want of 
 actual residence of the foreigner in the Republic. 
 
 ART. 25. The character of citizen or foreigner cannot be trans- 
 ferred to third parties; consequently neither the citizen can enjoy 
 the rights of a foreigner nor the latter the prerogatives of the 
 former, owing to their character as such citizen or foreigner. 
 
 ART. 26. The change of nationality cannot hare a retroactive ef- 
 fect. The acquisition and reobtainment of the rights of a Mexican 
 citizen cannot have its effect until the day following the date on 
 which one may have complied with all the conditions and formalities 
 established in this law, in order to obtain naturalization. 
 
 ART. 27. Colonists who may come to this country by virtue of
 
 LAW REGARDING FOREIGNERS. 247 
 
 contracts entered into with the Government, and whose traveling 
 and installation expenses are made by the latter, shall be considered 
 as Mexicans. In the agreement to become such colonists they must 
 declare their, intention to give up their first nationality and to 
 adopt Mexican citizenship, and when they shall settle in the colony, 
 they shall make before a competent authority the renouncement and 
 protest required in articles 13 and 16; and such document shall be 
 forwarded to the Department of Foreign Relations in order that a 
 certificate of naturalization be issued in favor of the party concerned. 
 
 ART. "28. Colonists wlio may arrive at this country on their own 
 account, or on account of private companies or corporations, that 
 receive no subsidy from the government, as well as the immigrants 
 of all kinds, may become naturalized, in their case, according to the 
 prescriptions of this law. Colonists established until now are also 
 subject to them, in so far as they are not opposed to the rights that 
 they may have acquired, according to their contracts. 
 
 ART. 29. A naturalized foreigner shall be a Mexican citizen as 
 soon as he has complied with all the conditions required by article 
 34 of the Constitution, he being made equal in all his rights and ob- 
 ligations as Mexicans, but will be unable to perform the duties of 
 those offices or trusts that, in conformity with the laws, may require 
 nationality by birch, unless he was born within the national terri- 
 tory and his naturalization may have been effected in conformity 
 with section II of article 2. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. OF THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF 
 FOREIGNERS. 
 
 ART 30. Foreigners shall enjoy in the Republic the civil rights 
 pertaining to Mexicans, and the securities granted under section 1 
 of title 1 of the Constitution, saving the authority that the govern- 
 ment has of expelling a pernicious foreigner. 
 
 ART. 31. In the acquisition of national and public lands, of real 
 estate and vessels, foreigners need not be required to reside in the 
 Republic, but they shall be subject to the restrictions that existing 
 laws impose on them, with the understanding that any leasing of 
 real estate made to a foreigner shall be considered as a sale, 
 whenever the term of the contract shall exceed ten years. 
 
 ART. 32. Only the Federal law can modify or restrict the civil
 
 248 LAW REGARDING FOREIGNERS. 
 
 rights enjoyed by foreigners, owing to the principle of international 
 reciprocity, and so that they may be subject in the Republic to the 
 same restrictions that the laws of their country impose on Mexi- 
 cans residing there; consequently the prescriptions of the Civil and 
 Civil Procedure Codes of the Federal District on the subject shall 
 be considered as Federal, and be obligatory throughout the Union. 
 
 ART. 33. Foreigners, without losing their nationality, may domicile 
 themselves in the Republic for all legal effects. The acquisition, 
 change, or loss of domicile are governed by the laws of Mexico. 
 
 ART. 34. When the suspension of individual security is declared, 
 in confoi-mity with what title I, article 29, of the Constitution 
 prescribes, foreigners remain like Mexicans subject to the prescrip- 
 tions of the law which decrees the suspension, excepting in so far 
 as modified by the stipulations contained in the treaties. 
 
 ART. 35. Foreigners have the obligation to contribute for the 
 public expenses, in the manner prescribed by the laws, and to obey 
 and respect the institutions, laws, and authorities of the country, be- 
 ing subject to the decrees and judgments of courts, without having 
 the right to interpose any other remedies than those that the laws 
 grant to Mexicans. They can only appeal through diplomatic chan- 
 nels whenever there is a denial of justice or a voluntary delay in its 
 administration, after having uselessly exhausted the ordinary reme- 
 dies created by the laws, and in the manner prescribed by interna- 
 tional law. 
 
 ART. 36. Foreigners do not enjoy the political rights that pertain 
 to Mexican citizens; for that reason they cannot vote nor be voted 
 for any office of popular election, nor be appointed to any other of- 
 fice or commission appropriate to offices under the State Departments; 
 nor belong to the army, navy, or national guard ; nor associate them- 
 selves to treat of political matters of the country, nor exercise the 
 right of petition in this class of matters. This is understood with- 
 out prejudice to what is prescribed in article 1, subdivision XII, 
 and article 19 of this law. 
 
 ART. 37. Foreigners are exempted from military service. Those 
 having a domicile here are obliged to do police service whenever 
 the security of property and the preservation of order in the same 
 town where they are dwelling is in question. 
 
 ART. 38. Foreigners who may take part in civil dissensions of the
 
 LAW REGARDING FOREIGNERS. 249 
 
 country may be expelled from its territory as pernicious foreigners, 
 being subject to the laws of the Republic for the offenses that they 
 may commit against it, and without prejudice that their rights and 
 obligations while the war lasts may be regulated by international 
 law and the treaties. 
 
 ART. 39. The laws relating to the matriculation of foreigners are 
 hereby abolished. Only the Department of Foreign Relations may 
 issue certificates of specific nationality, in favor of the foreigners 
 who may solicit it. These certificates constitute the legal presump- 
 tion of foreign citizenship, but do not exclude the proof of the op- 
 posite. The final proof of a specific nationality is made before compe- 
 tent courts and through the means established by the laws and 
 treaties. 
 
 ART. 40. This law does not grant to foreigners the rights that are 
 denied to them by international law, the treaties or existing legisla- 
 tion -of the Republic. 
 
 CHAPTER V. TRANSITORY PROVISIONS. 
 
 ART. 1. Foreigners who may have acquired real estate, who have 
 had children in Mexico, or filled some public office, and to whom sec- 
 tions X, XI, and XII of article 1 of this law refer, are objiged to 
 declare their intention within six months, if they have not done so 
 heretofore, to the public authority of the place of their residence, if 
 they wish to obtain Mexican nationality or retain their standing of 
 foreigners. In the first case they must immediately ask for their 
 certificate of naturalization in the form established in article 16 of 
 this law. If they should omit to make the declaration of intention 
 referred to, they shall be considered as Mexicans, excepting in those 
 cases in which there may have been an official declaration on this 
 subject. 
 
 ART. 2. Colonists residing in the country to whom the final sub- 
 division of article 28 of this law refers, must state, in the same terms 
 as expressed in the foregoing article, the nationality to which they 
 must be considered as belonging, asking also their certificate of nat- 
 uralization, as is prescribed in this article, in case that it should be 
 the Mexican nationality. 
 
 ART. 3. When the Executive shall issue the necessary regulations
 
 250 LAW REGARDING FOREIGNERS. 
 
 for the execution of this law, it shall take care to approve the proper 
 prescription, so that the local authorities may give proper com- 
 pliance thereto in whatever concerns them. 
 
 [Signed] JUANJ. BAZ, 
 
 Deputy President, 
 
 [Signed] PEDRO SANCHEZ CASTRO, 
 . Senator President, 
 
 [Signed] ROBERT NUNEZ, 
 
 Deputy Secretary, 
 [Signed] GILDARDO GOMEZ, 
 
 Senator Secretary. 
 
 Wherefore I command that it be printed, published, and circu- 
 lated, and that due compliance be given thereto. 
 
 Given in the National Palace of Mexico on the twenty- eighth of 
 May, eighteen hundred and eighty-six. 
 
 [Signed] PORFIRIO DIAZ. 
 
 To Citizen Counselor Ignacio Mariscal, Secretary of State and of 
 Foreign Relations.
 
 LAWS OF OCCUPATION AND SALE OF PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, PUBLIC WORKS, AND PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. ^ 
 BUREAU OF PUBLIC WORKS. \ 
 
 The Citizen Constitutional President of the Republic has been 
 pleased to address me the following decree: 
 
 Benito Juarez, Constitutional President of the, Mexican United 
 States, to its inhabitants makes known: 
 
 That by virtue of the ample power with which I am invested and 
 of that granted to the Federal Congress by subdivision 24 of article 
 72 of the Constitution, I have thought it proper to decree the fol- 
 lowing: 
 
 LAW REGARDING THE OCCUPATION AND SALE 
 OF PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 ART. 1. All lands in the Republic which have not been dedicated 
 to a public use, by an authority empowered thereto by law, or that 
 have not been granted by the same, as a lien or for a pecuniary con- 
 sideration, to some individual or corporation authorized to acquir e 
 such property, are public lands, for the purposes of this law. 
 
 2. Any inhabitant of the Republic has the right 'to claim up 
 to two thousand five hundred hectares, and no more, of public lands, 
 excepting persons born in countries along the boundaries of the Re- 
 public and those naturalized therein, who under no title \\hatever 
 may acquire public lands in the State bounded thereon. 
 
 3. The supreme general government shall publish every two years 
 the price list of public lands in each State, District, and Territory. 
 
 4. The price of public lands shall be paid two- thirds in cash 
 and the rest in bonds of the public national or foreign debt. Of the 
 two-thirds paid in cash, one-third shall be given over to the Federal 
 Treasury and the other third to the Treasury of the State wherein 
 the public lands may be situated. 
 
 (251)
 
 252 LAWS OF PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 5. The possessor of any public lands, whatever their extent 
 may be, that at this date may be cultivated or inclosed by a ditch, 
 fence, or artificial landmarks, placed at least at the angles of their 
 perimeter, has the right to have a deduction of one-half of the price 
 stated in the price list, if he shall have been ten years in possession 
 of the same, or hold under title of transfer of property, though it may 
 hav been granted by someone who had no right thereto. If he has 
 no title nor ten years' possession, the reduction shall only be for one- 
 fourth; but in both cases the payment may be made by the delivery 
 of the bonds at once and the money in three installments, one in 
 one year, the second in two, and the last in three, while the land 
 shall meanwhile be considered as- specially mortgaged as security 
 for the payment to be made. 
 
 6. The fact of being in possession for ten years, without the title 
 as referred to in the foregoing article, or such title without pos- 
 session, shall not entitle anyone to a reduction; but if both exist, 
 there shall be granted a reduction of one-fourth of the price, although 
 the public land may not be cultivated or inclosed, provided that the 
 possession may have been preserved up to the day of presentation 
 of the claim. In that case, in order to ascertain the portion of land 
 in possession, reference shall be had to the boundaries mentioned in 
 the title, even though they do not agree with the land occupied and 
 reference may only be had to the latter, when the title fixes no bound- 
 aries, or when it is impossible to mark them on the soil. 
 
 In cases comprised within the provisions of this article, the pay- 
 ment may be made in the terms prescribed in the foregoing article. 
 
 7. Public lands which cannot be segregated from fields of a 
 different character, or not entirely comprised within the same, shall 
 be considered as effected by the provisions of the two foregoing arti- 
 cles, provided the person in possession of the public lands has them 
 within his possession, and they contain the conditions of cultivation, 
 inclosure, title, or ten years' possession, as is provided in said arti- 
 cles. 
 
 8. The reduction in price granted under the foregoing articles 
 shall only apply when the person having the light thereto shall pre- 
 sent his petition within three months after the publication of this 
 law, or afterwards if no prior claimant makes contest, because if 
 there should be one he will give up the land to the claimant, or pay
 
 LAWS OF PUBLIC LAXDS. 25-3 
 
 him its value at the amount in cash as specified in the price list, and 
 will likewise indemnify him for the necessary expenses that he may 
 have made. All this is to be done without interfering with the 
 payment that should be made to the Public Treasury, in conformity 
 with the provisions hereinbefore set forth. During the three 
 months to which this article refers, only those in possession may 
 claim the public lands to which it has reference; and should they 
 not present any claim, the person making a petition for that pur- 
 pose can only claim two thousand hectares.* 
 
 9. No one may make any opposition whatever to the measure- 
 ment, survey, or compliance with any order of any competent au- 
 thority of any other acts necessary to determine the truth or legaL 
 ity of a claim or denouncement in lands that are not public lands; 
 but whenever the judgment shall decree that the lands claimed are 
 not public lands in their entirety or a portion thereof, there shall 
 accrue a right to obtain indemnity for the damages arising from the 
 claim made, without that being a bar to the institution of a criminal 
 action, should there be authority for instituting such an action. 
 
 10. Owners of public lands granted from this date shall be 
 obliged to keep in some place within their property, and during ten 
 years computed from the time when they were granted, an inhabitant 
 at least for each two hundred hectares granted, without taking into 
 account any fraction not amounting to that number. Any owner 
 that does not have the inhabitants that correspond to him, during 
 four months in the year, shall forfeit his right to the lands and to 
 the price which he may have paid therefor. 
 
 11. All persons who may at present have public lands in usufruct, 
 enfiteusis, or by virtue of any other contract that may have trans- 
 ferred the use, but not the direct ownership, of the lands, shall have 
 
 *By decree of the 13th of September, 1863, the eighth article of this law was 
 amended so as to read as follows: " The reduction of price granted by the pre- 
 ceding articles shall only take place, if the person entitled thereto shall pre- 
 sent his claim within three months after the publication of this law, or after- 
 wards, if there should be no former claimant opposed thereto, because if there 
 should be one he shall give up the land to the claimant, or shall pay its value 
 in cash at the price mentioned in the price list, deducting therefrom the por- 
 tion that has to be paid to the public Treasury, besides indemnifying him for 
 the expenses that he may have necessarily made."
 
 254 LAWS OF PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 the right to a reduction of half the price stated in the list, if they 
 become claimants in the manner and under the conditions stated in 
 article 8; otherwise they shall remain subject to the provisions of 
 the same article. 
 
 12. Present lessees and joint owners of public lands, and who may 
 have received them by virtue of a contract whereby neither the use 
 nor the direct ownership may have been transferred to them, shall 
 be included within the provisions of the preceding article; but the 
 reduction to be made to them shall be only of one-fouth of the price 
 set forth in the price list. Should the lands be not granted to them, 
 those to whom they may be so granted shall comply with the con- 
 tract of lease, joint ownership, etc., during all the time of its dura- 
 tion, if it should be a fixed period, and if not a stated term, then 
 until the termination of the year in which the decree granting the 
 land may be issued. 
 
 13. The President of the Republic only, through the Department 
 of Public Works, may enter into the contracts referred to in the 
 two foregoing articles with regard to public lands; but such con- 
 tracts shall not prevent the transfer of the lands in conformity with 
 this law, because whether they are for a fixed term or not, they 
 shall only last until the termination of the year- wherein the decree 
 granting the land may have been issued. 
 
 14. A petition for a claim of public lands shall be presented be- 
 fore the judge of first instance who has jurisdiction of federal cases 
 in the judicial disti-ict wherein the public lands may be situated. 
 
 15. When the petition is presented, the survey and drawing 
 of the plat shall be made by the professional expert, or by the prac- 
 tical expert, if the former is wanting, who may be appointed by the 
 judge. 
 
 16. After the survey and plat of the land have been made, an 
 examination shall take place in the office, under whose jurisdiction 
 such public lands may be, to ascertain whether the Government is 
 in full possession of the land claimed. If it should be, and no con- 
 testant appears, the adjudication and ownership of the property 
 shall be decreed to the claimant, without further proceedings; but 
 if there is a contestant, the judicial proceedings pending between 
 the claimant and the contestant shall first be decided. A represent- 
 ative of the Federal Treasury shall likewise be a party to such pro- 
 ceedings.
 
 LAWS OF PUBLIC LANDS. 255 
 
 17. If the Government should not have possession of the public 
 lands, the claim or denouncement shall be published three times 
 once every ten days in the newspapers and by notices fixed in pub- 
 lic places. Tf no contestant appears, the adjudication of the prop- 
 erty shall be decreed, not as absolute ownership, but as by posses- 
 sory title; but if a contestant appears, proper proceedings must be 
 previously instituted as between the claimant and the contestant, a 
 representative of the Federal Treasury likewise to appear as a party 
 to the proceedings. 
 
 18. A judicial decree relating to the adjudication or conces- 
 sion of public lands, whether for possessory title or ownership, shall 
 not be carried into effect until it is first approved by the Depart- 
 ment of Public Works. For that purpose a certified copy of the 
 record and plat shall be forwarded to said Department, through the 
 governor of the State, and this officer shall send therewith such re- 
 port on the case as he may deem proper. 
 
 19. When the approval referred to in the foregoing article 
 has been obtained, and the party concerned has presented a certifi- 
 cate showing that he has paid in the corresponding office the value 
 of the land, in conformity with the price list of the two-year period 
 within which the claim was made, or the bonds when the payment 
 is to be made by installments, the judge shall cause to be delivered 
 to him the land and the title of ownership or possession. 
 
 20. The adjudication and delivery of possession gives owner- 
 ship also as against the Government and the contestants against the 
 claim, who may have appeared in the litigation and have been de- 
 feated; but as far as third parties are concerned, the ownership in 
 this class of judgments or adjudication can only be acquired by lim- 
 itation or other legal title. 
 
 21. Any suspension in the proceedings instituted by virtue of 
 the denouncement or claim, due to the fault of the claimant, whether 
 it should consist in not making the necessary expenses, in remaining 
 absent without leaving an attorney-in-fact learned and under pay, 
 merely in not pushing the proceedings which should be instituted, 
 or in any other way, shall give right to the contestant to ask that 
 a time be fixed, which shall not exceed six days, within which such 
 proceedings shall be prosecuted, and if that is not done, it shall 
 be decreed that the claim has been abandoned and the dilatory
 
 256 LAWS OF PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 claimant shall not be able to claim the same public lands again. If 
 no motion is made by the contestant, the judge on his own motion 
 shall tix the time above referred to. 
 
 22. The expenses of measurements, survey, possession, and any 
 others which may be incurred in shall be on account of the claimant, 
 provided that he shall be indemnified therefor when a decree for costs 
 shall be entered against a contestant. 
 
 23. The adjudication of public lands is free from the payment 
 of interior duties, if the person to whom the land is decreed has no 
 property adjoining thereto, because if such is the case he will pay 
 in money an interior tax of 25 per cent on the price, unless he is 
 comprised within articles 5, 6, 7, 11, and 12, in which case and pro- 
 vided he is not an adjoining owner, he shall only pay the ordinary 
 interior tax that may have been established. 
 
 24. The interior tax of 25 per cent shall also be paid during the 
 period of ten years, computed from the date of the decree of adju- 
 dication, for the transfers of ownership posterior to such decree, that 
 may be made in favor of adjoining owners of public lands that may 
 be granted after this date. 
 
 25. If the public lands claimed should be bounded through all 
 their perimeter by lands which are not public lands, they shall retain 
 whatever figure they may have; if they are only bounded on one side 
 by lands of that class, the sides which shall be laid down must be 
 straight, and the angles as little acute and obtuse as possible; if 
 they should be entirely surrounded by public lands, the figure shall 
 be necessarily a square. 
 
 26. When the public lands claimed are adjoining to others not 
 public lands, the boundaries of the latter shall be taken as bounda- 
 ries of the lands claimed, or a distance not less than a kilometer 
 shall be left between both, at the option of the persons to whom the 
 lands were granted. 
 
 27. The provision of former laws which declared that there was 
 no limitation as to public lands, is repealed from this date. Where- 
 fore hereafter any person not of those excepted by article 2 of this 
 law, shall establish title by limitation of ten years' possession, up to 
 two thousand five hundred hectares and no more of public lands, if 
 the other requirements that the laws prescribe as to limitations have 
 been complied with, and also if all the provisions stated in article 10 
 shall have been fulfilled during said ten years.
 
 LAWS OF PUBLIC LANDS. 257 
 
 28. Every contract or prescription relating to public lands that 
 may not be made in conformity with the provisions of this law, and 
 by the public officers to whom such duties are intrusted, shall be 
 null and void, and cannot have any force or effect as against the 
 Government. 
 
 Wherefore I command that it be printed, published, circulated, 
 and that it be duly complied with. 
 
 Given at the Palace of the Federal Government in San Luis Po- 
 tosi, on the 20th of July, 1863. BENITO JUAREZ. 
 
 To Citizen Jesus Teran, Secretary of Justice, Public Works and 
 Public Instruction. 
 
 And I communicate it to you, that it may be known and complied 
 with. God and Liberty: San Luis Potosi, July 22, 1863. 
 
 [Signed] TERAN. 
 
 I 
 
 CIRCULAR AS TO PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, COLONIZATION, INDUSTRY, AND COM- 
 MERCE OF THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC. BUREAU FIRST. 
 PUBLIC LAND OFFICE. CIRCULAR. 
 
 In compliance with the provisions of article 3 of the law of July 
 22, 1863, the accompanying price list of public lands for the uext 
 two years of 1891 and 1892 has been issued. 
 
 In the circulars relative thereto of February 9, 1885, December 
 11, 1886, and December of 1888, there were given the reasons that 
 served as a basis for the determination of the value to which the 
 sale of public lands should be subject, taking into account the con. 
 
 ditions that render them of more or less value, 
 j 
 
 For the present in the new price list, notwithstanding the recog- 
 nized increase of price that has been generally observed in lands, as 
 a natural consequence of the increase of population and develop- 
 ment of agriculture, the President of the Republic, for the purpose 
 of assisting and promoting the claims of public lands, has not de- 
 sired to make any alterations in the prices stated in the last price 
 list. 
 
 So as to have a proper understanding-of the classification of lands, 
 the following rules are repeated : 
 
 16
 
 258 LAWS OF PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 Lands of the first class are those which, owing to their situation 
 and favorable elements for agriculture or operation of some indus- 
 try, deserve to be considered as such; that is, lands adjoining towns 
 of some importance or to railroads or rivers; those which may be 
 irrigated and are suitable for an easy and remunerative cultivation; 
 those having trees of precious woods; those having orchilla or some 
 dyeing productions, and those that contain some of the substances 
 or salts specified in article 10 of the Mining Code. 
 
 Lands of the second class are lands of a single crop, those that 
 are more distant than those of the first class from means of commu- 
 nication, and those that are suitable for cattle raising, or that can be 
 rendered productive with little cost, be it for agriculture or for any 
 other industry. And lands of the third class are those that, owing 
 to their inferiority, be it through the quality of the land, or for their 
 great distance from means of communications or from the centers 
 of consumption, or through their situation exposed to inundations, 
 cannot be considered as comprised within the foregoing classes. 
 
 In order that what has been stated in the circulars mentioned may 
 be better known, the following is again stated, that, since the deter- 
 mination of the class to which lands claimed may belong, has to be 
 really arrived at by the surveyor appointed to make the measure- 
 ments and survey, it becomes necessary that the court may be 
 very careful in the appointment of such surveyors, so that, being 
 both capable and honest, they shall perform their labors in strict 
 accordance with equity, without being guided by any suggestions or 
 influence when they survey and describe the lands, and shall fully state 
 their conditions and elements, and point out the manner in which 
 they may be worked by the disbursement of large or small amounts 
 of money, so that, taking such information into account, the court 
 may decide that it agrees with the designation of the class to which 
 the lands belong, or may order the production of proofs necessary 
 to show the exactness of the description, should it have any reason 
 to doubt it in any manner, making the untrustworthy surveyor re- 
 sponsible for the damage accruing, should his statements be proven 
 to be plainly false; and always with the understanding that the final 
 determination of the class to which the law may belong is subject
 
 LAWS OF PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 259 
 
 to the determination of this Depai-tment, when exercising the power 
 prescribed in article 18 of said law of July 22, 1863. 
 
 Liberty and Constitution: Mexico, December 31, 1390. 
 
 [Signed] PACHECO. 
 
 PRICE LIST OF PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, COLONIZATION, INDUSTRY, ) 
 AND COMMERCE OF THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC. 
 
 BUREAU FIRST. ) 
 
 The President of the Republic has been pleased to address me the 
 following decree: 
 
 Porfirio Diaz, Constitutional President of the United States of 
 Mexico, to its inhabitants be it known: 
 
 That in compliance with the provisions of article 3 of the law of 
 July 22, 1863, concerning sale of public lands, I have deemed it 
 proper to decree the following: 
 
 PRICE LIST OF PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 By virtue whereof the sale of public lands shall be arranged, in' 
 the States, Federal District, and Territories of Tepic and of Lower 
 California of the Republic in the two years' period of 1891 and 1892. 
 
 PRICE 
 Lands of 
 ist Class. 
 
 For the State of Aguascalientes $2.25 
 
 Campeche 1.65 
 
 Coahuila 0.75 
 
 Colima 2.25 
 
 Chiapas 1.55 
 
 Chihuahua ... 0.75 
 
 Durango 0.75 
 
 Guanajuato 3.35 
 
 Guerrero 1.10 
 
 Hidalgo 2.25 
 
 Jalisco 2.25 
 
 Mexico 3.35 
 
 Michoacan 2.25 
 
 Morelos 4.50 
 
 Nuevo Leon . .0.75 
 
 OF EACH HECTARE. 
 
 Lands of Lands of 
 
 2d Class. sd Class. 
 
 $1.50 
 
 $1.00 
 
 1.10 
 
 0.75 
 
 0.50 
 
 0.30 
 
 1.50 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.10 
 
 0.75 
 
 0.50 
 
 0.30 
 
 0.50 
 
 0.30 
 
 2.25 
 
 1.50 
 
 0.75 
 
 0.50 
 
 1.50 
 
 1.00 
 
 1.50 
 
 1.00 
 
 2.25 
 
 1.50 
 
 1.50 
 
 1.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 0.50 
 
 0.30
 
 260 
 
 LAWS OP PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 For the State of Oaxaca 1.10 0.75 0.50 
 
 " " Puebla 3.35 2.25 1.50 
 
 " " Sueretaro 3.35 2.25 1.50 
 
 San Luis Potosi 2.25 1.50 1.00 
 
 Sinaloa 1.10 0.75 0.50 
 
 Sonora 1.10 0.75 0.50 
 
 Tabasco 2.00 1.50 1.00 
 
 Tamaulipas 0.75 0.50 0.30 
 
 Tlaxcala 2.25 1.50 1.00 
 
 Vera Cruz 2.75 1.85 1.25 
 
 Yucatan 1.65 1.10 0.75 
 
 Zacatecas 2.25 1.50 1.00 
 
 In the Federal District 5.60 3.75 2.50 
 
 " Territory of Tepic 1.65 1.10 0.75 
 
 " Lower California 0.65 0.40- 0.25 
 
 Wherefore I command that it be printed, circulated, and due 
 compliance be given hereto. 
 
 Given in the Palace of the Executive Power of the Union in 
 Mexico on the thirty-first day of December, eighteen hundred and 
 ninety. PORFIRIO DIAZ. 
 
 To the citizen General Carlos Pacheco, Secretary of the Depart- 
 ment of Public Works, Colonization, Industry, and Commerce. 
 
 And I communicate it to you for your knowledge and appropriate 
 ends. 
 
 Liberty and Constitution: Mexico, December 31, 1890. 
 
 [Signed] PACHECO.
 
 LAW AS TO PUBLIC LANDS FOR COLONIZATION 
 PURPOSES. 
 
 The President of the Republic has been pleased to address me 
 the following decree: 
 
 Manuel Gonzalez, Constitutional President of the United States of 
 Mexico, makes known to its inhabitants: 
 
 That the Congress of the Union has deemed it proper to decree 
 the following: 
 
 The Congress of the United States of Mexico decrees: 
 
 CHAPTER I. SURVEY OP LANDS. 
 
 ART. 1. In order to obtain lands necessary for the establish- 
 ment of colonists, the Executive shall cause to be surveyed, meas- 
 ured, subdivided, and appraised the public or national lands that 
 may exist in the Republic, and for that purpose may appoint the 
 commissions of engineers that it may deem convenient, and deter- 
 mine the system of operations that is to be pursued. 
 
 ART. 2. The subdivisions shall in no case exceed two thousand 
 five hundred hectares, and this will be the largest amount of land 
 that may be granted to a single individual of age, and having legal 
 capacity to enter into contracts. , 
 
 ART. 3. The lands surveyed, measured, subdivided, and appraised 
 shall be granted to foreign immigrants and to the inhabitants of the 
 Republic who may desire to establish themselves therein under the 
 following conditions: 
 
 I. By sale, at the price of appraisement, made by the engineers 
 and approved by the Department of Public Works, in installments, 
 payable in ten years, beginning from the second year after the es- 
 tablishment of the settler or colonist. 
 
 II. By sale upon payment of the full price in cash or in shorter 
 terms than those stated in the foregoing subdivision. 
 
 (261)
 
 262 COLONIZATION LAWS. 
 
 III. As a gift, when the colonist shall demand it, but in that case 
 the amount of land shall not exceed one hundred hectares, nor shall 
 he obtain the title of ownership, unless he proves that he has held 
 it in his power and has cultivated the whole or not less than one- 
 tenth of its extent, during five consecutive years. 
 
 ART. 4. As soon as there shall be adequate lands for colonization 
 purposes, with the conditions established in article 1, the Executive 
 shall determine which should be immediately colonized, and publish 
 the plans thereof and the prices at which they ought to be sold, 
 trying in every case that the sale or cession referred to in the fore- 
 going articles should be made in alternate lots. The remainder of 
 the lands shall be reserved, so as to be sold from time to time, un- 
 der the conditions established by this law, whenever they shall be 
 demanded or the Executive shall so determine, and the latter may 
 mortgage them for the purpose of obtaining funds, that, together with 
 the proceeds of the sale of the lands, have to be exclusively devoted 
 to carry out the colonization. 
 
 CHAPTER II. OF COLONISTS. 
 
 ART. 5. In order to be considered a colonist and have the right 
 to the franchises granted by this law, it is necessary that the immi- 
 grant who is a foreigner shall come to the Republic bearing a certifi- 
 cate of the consular agent or of immigration, executed at the request 
 of the very immigrant, or of the company or corporation authorized 
 by the Executive to bring colonists to the Republic. If the peti- 
 tioner shall reside in the Republic, he must apply to the Department 
 of Public Works or to the agents that the Department shall have 
 authorized to admit colonists in the colonies that may be established 
 in the Republic. 
 
 ART. 6. In all cases the petitioners must present certificates of 
 the appropriate authorities, that may certify to their good habits 
 and the occupation which they may have followed before making 
 their petition to be admitted as colonists. 
 
 ART. 7. Colonists who may establish themselves in th Re- 
 public shall enjoy during ten years, computed from the date of their 
 establishment, the following exemptions: 
 
 I. Exemption from military service. 
 
 II. Exemption from all kinds of taxes, except municipal.
 
 COLONIZATION LAWS.. 263 
 
 III. Exemption from the duties of importation and interior dues 
 to provisions, where there shall be none, agricultural instruments, 
 tools, machines, materials of construction for dwellings, furnitm-e in 
 use and animals for breeding and procreation purposes, intended for 
 the colonies. 
 
 IV. Personal and untransferable exemption of the rights of ex- 
 portation of the fruits that they may gather. 
 
 V. Premiums for notable labors, and bounties and especial pro- 
 tection for the introduction of a new manner of cultivation or in- 
 dustry. 
 
 VI. Exemption of the legalization of signatures and issuance of 
 passports that the consular agents may grant to the persons who 
 may come to the Republic for colonization purposes, by virtue of 
 contracts entered into by the Government with some company or 
 companies. 
 
 ART. 8. The Department of Public Works shall determine the 
 amount and the class of articles that in each case must be introduced 
 free from duties, and the Treasury Department shall regulate the 
 portion relating to the manner of making the introductions, in order 
 to prevent fraud and smuggling, but without preventing the prompt 
 clearance of the articles. 
 
 ART. 9. The colonists who may establish themselves in lands un- 
 provided with trees, and that may prove that in a portion of their 
 lot, which shall not be less than the tenth part, they have planted 
 trees to an amount proportionate to the extension, and two years be- 
 fore the termination of the exemptions, shall enjoy for one year 
 longer the exemption from taxation on the land, and in general 
 shall have a year more of exemption for each tenth part that they 
 may devote to the cultivation of forests. 
 
 ART. 10. Colonies shall be established under the municipal sys- 
 tem, subject, however, for the election of their authorities and for the 
 establishment of taxes to the general laws of the Republic and of the 
 States where they maybe at the time. The Department of Public 
 Works may, nevertheless, constitute agents in the colonies so that 
 they may manage better the labors and exact the reimbursement for 
 the amounts that may be owing to the Federation, under any title 
 whatever. 
 
 ART. 11. Colonists shall be obliged to fulfill the contracts that
 
 264 COLONIZATION LAWS. 
 
 they may enter into with the Federal Government, or with private 
 individuals or companies that may transport and establish them in 
 the Republic. 
 
 ART. 12. Every foreign immigrant who may settle in a colony 
 shall declare, when he settles down, before a Federal agent of colo- 
 nization or before the appropriate notary or judge, if he has the in- 
 tention of preserving his nationality, or if he desires to obtain Mexi- 
 can citizenship that is given him by the third subdivision of article 
 30 of the Constitution of the .Republic. 
 
 ART. 13. Colonists shall be considered as having all the rights 
 and obligations that in their case the Federal Constitution grants or 
 imposes on Mexicans and foreigners, and enjoy the temporary ex- 
 emptions that this law grants them; but in all questions that may 
 arise, be they of any class whatever, they shall be subject to the de- 
 cisions of the courts of the Republic with the entire exclusion of any 
 foreign interference. 
 
 ART. 14. Colonists who may abandon, without duly justified 
 cause, for more than one year, and before they may have paid for, 
 the lands that shall have been granted to them by sale, shall lose 
 the right to said lands and to the portion of the purchase price that 
 they may have advanced. 
 
 In the case stated in section III of article 3, the right to a free 
 title shall be lost, by abandoning the land or leaving it without cul- 
 tivation for a period of six months, without a duly justified cause. 
 
 ART. 15. In the places dedicated by the Federal Government for 
 new towns, there shall be granted free one lot to the Mexican or 
 foreign colonists who may wish to establish themselves thereon, as 
 founders; but they will not acquire the ownership of said lot until 
 they shall justify that before the two years of their settlement they 
 have built a dwelling thereon, otherwise they shall lose the right of 
 ownership. An effort shall be made to have the lots granted alter- 
 nately. 
 
 ART. 16. Mexicans who may reside abroad and that may desire 
 to settle in desert lands in the frontiers of the Republic, shall have 
 the right to have granted to them gratuitously land with the condi- 
 tions stated in subdivision III in article 3, up to an extent of two 
 kundred hectares and the enjoyment for fifteen years of the exemp- 
 tions granted under the present law. 
 
 ART. 17. The executive is authorized to assist the colonists or
 
 COLONIZATION LAWS. 265 
 
 immigrants, in the cases that it may deem convenient, and subject 
 to the sums that are mentioned in the appropriation laws, with the 
 expenses of their transportation and their baggage by sea and the 
 interior for one time and until they get to the railways, witli those 
 of maintaining them free up to fifteen days in the places that it 
 may determine, and provide them with tools, seeds, materials for 
 construction, and animals for labor and breeding purposes; these last 
 advances made being repayable in the same terms as the value of 
 the lands. 
 
 . CHAPTER III. OF COMPANIES. 
 
 ART. 18. The Executive may authorize companies for the meas- 
 urement, survey, subdivision, appraisement, and description of pub- 
 lic lands, and for the transportation of colonists and their settlement 
 in the same lands. 
 
 ART. 19. In order to obtain the authorization the, companies have 
 to designate the public lands on which they are to perform such 
 labors, their approximate extent and the number of colonists that 
 they must establish therein within a given time. 
 
 ART. 20. The proceedings of the survey shall be authorized by the 
 judge of the district within whose jurisdiction the public lands may 
 be situated, and when finished, if there is no contestant, shall be de- 
 livered to the company, so that it may present them to the Depart- 
 ment of Public Works, with the same conditions that are stated in 
 article 18. But if there should be a contestant, a trial of the matter 
 shall be had, and a representative of the Federal Treasury shall be 
 a party to such trial. 
 
 ART. 21. As a compensation for the expenses incurred in by the 
 companies in the survey of public lands, the Executive may give 
 them up to a third portion of the lands that they may survey or 
 of their value; but with the specific conditions that they must not 
 sell the lands granted to foreigners not authorized to acquire 
 them, nor in parcels greater than two thousand five hundred hec- 
 tares, under the penalty of losing in the two cases the portions that 
 they may have sold, in contravention of these conditions, and that 
 said sections shall thereupon become forfeited to the nation. 
 
 ART. 22. The lands surveyed by the companies, and excepting 
 those that might be granted to them as compensation for the ex- 
 penses of their surveys, shall be granted to the colonists, or be re-
 
 26G COLONIZATION LAWS. 
 
 served in the terms and conditions that are stated in articles 3 and 
 4 of this law. 
 
 ART. 23. The authorizations granted by the Executive for the 
 survey and measurement of public lands shall be null, and will not 
 be extended, if the corresponding operations shall not have been 
 commenced within the term of three months, which term can never 
 be extended. 
 
 \ ART. 24. The Executive may enter into contracts with OTM -:raL j 
 or corporations for the introduction to the Republic, and the estab- 
 lishment therein, of foreign colonists or immigrants with the follow- 
 ing conditions : 
 
 I. The companies must fix the specific time within which they 
 must introduce a specified number of colonists. 
 
 II. The colonists or immigrants must fulfill the conditions estab- 
 lished in articles 5 and 6 of this law. 
 
 III. The conditions under which the contracts are to be entered 
 into with the colonists must be made in conformity with the pre- 
 scriptions of this law, and must be submitted to the approval of the 
 Department of Public Works. 
 
 IV. The companies must guarantee to the satisfaction of the Ex- 
 ecutive the fulfillment of the obligations which they may have speci- 
 fied in their contracts, wherein must be stated the penalties and 
 cause of nullity. 
 
 ART. 25. Companies that may enter into contracts with the Ex- 
 ecutive for the transportation to the Republic and the establishment 
 therein of foreign colonists, shall enjoy for a term that cannot ex- 
 ceed twenty years, the following franchises and exemptions: 
 
 I. Sale at a long term of payment and reduced price of public 
 and national lands, for the exclusive purpose of colonization. 
 
 II. Exemption of taxes, except that of the stamp tax, of all the 
 capital devoted to the undertaking. 
 
 III. Exemption of port dues, except those established for the im- 
 provement of said ports, to the ships that on account of the com- 
 panies may bring ten families of colonists, at least, to the Republic. 
 
 IV. Exemption from importation duties on the tools, machinery, 
 materials for construction and animals for work and breeding pur- 
 poses, all of them devoted exclusively to an agricultural, mining, or 
 industrial colony, whose establishment may have been authorized by 
 the Executive.
 
 COLONIZATION LAWS. 267 
 
 V. Bounty for a family that may settle, and a smaller one for a 
 family that may land; bounty for a Mexican family established in "a 
 colony of foreigners. 
 
 VI. Transportation of colonists on account of the government in 
 the lines of steamers and railways that receive subsidy. 
 
 ART. 26. Foreign companies of colonization shall always be con- 
 sidered as Mexicans, and must have their place of domicile in 
 some one of the cities of the Republic without prejudice to their 
 having offices abroad, and are obliged to establish in this country a 
 part of their Board of Directors, and to have one or more representa 
 tives in this Republic fully empowered to enter into agreements 
 with the Executive. 
 
 AKT. 27. All questions that might arise between the Government 
 and the company shall be settled by the courts of the Republic and 
 in conformity with its laws, without there being any right in foreign 
 diplomatic agents to interfere therein. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. GENERAL PRESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 ART. 28. Private persons who may devote a portion, or the whole 
 of the lands owned by them to colonize, with ten families, at least, 
 of foreign immigrants, have the right to obtain for the colonies that 
 they may establish thereon the same franchises and exemptions 
 as the colonies that the Federal Government may establish, pro- 
 vided that they may subject themselves to the conditions that the 
 Executive may determine to attain the success of the colony, and 
 provided that among these conditions there may be stated the one 
 that the colonists have to acquire, by purchase or cession, a lot of 
 land for cultivation. 
 
 The Executive may furnish foreign colonists to private individ- 
 uals, stipulating with them the conditions under which they have 
 to establish them, also may assist them by paying the expenses of 
 the transportation of the colonists. 
 
 ART. 29. The colonization of the islands in both oceans shall be 
 made by the Federal Executive, subject to the prescriptions of this 
 law, the Government having to reserve to itself in each island an 
 area of fifty hectares for public uses. In case that the island 
 shall not have sufficient territory to make the separation prescribed 
 in this article, no sale of land shall be made therein, and the same 
 shall only be granted as lease hold interest.
 
 '268 COLONIZATION LAWS. 
 
 In the colonies that may be established in the islands there shall 
 always be a number of Mexican families, that can never be less than 
 half of the total number of the colonizing families. 
 
 ART. 30. The Executive is authorized to acquire, by purchase or 
 transfer, lands of private individuals whenever it may deem it con- 
 venient, to establish colonies therein, and subject to the expense ac- 
 count that for that purpose may be comprised in the appropriation 
 bills. 
 
 ART. 31. The former laws prior to this one on colonization are 
 repealed. 
 
 Aristeo Mercado, Deputy Vice President; Guillermo Palomino, 
 Senator President; Saturnine Ayon, Deputy Secretary; Enrique 
 Maria Rubio, Senator Secretary. 
 
 Wherefore I command that it be printed, published, circulated, 
 and due compliance be given thereto. 
 
 Given at the Palace of the Executive of the Union in Mexico, 
 December 15, 1883. MANUEL GONZALEZ. 
 
 To the Citizen General Carlos Pacheco, Secretary of State and of 
 the Department of Public Works, Colonization, Industry, and Com- 
 merce. 
 
 And I communicate it to you for your knowledge and appropri- 
 ate purposes. 
 
 Liberty and Constitution: Mexico, December 15, 1883. 
 
 PACHECO. 
 
 REGULATIONS FOR THE IMPORTATION OF ARTICLES 
 BELONGING TO COLONISTS. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, COLONIZATION, INDUSTRY, 
 AND COMMERCE OF THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC. 
 BUREAU FIRST. 
 
 The President of the Republic has been pleased to address me 
 the following decree: 
 
 Porfirio Diaz, Constitutional President of the United Mexican 
 
 States, to its inhabitants 
 KNOW YE: That by virtue of the powers vested in the Executive
 
 COLONIZATION LAWS. 269 
 
 by article 8 of the law of December 15, 1883, to regulate the fran- 
 chises that are granted to colonists in article 7 of said law, I have 
 deemed it proper to approve the following: 
 
 REGULATIONS. 
 
 ART. 1. In conformity with subdivision III of article 7 of the 
 law of December 15, 1883, and IV of article 25 of said law, the 
 following articles for the use of colonists and colonization companies 
 legally established, are free from duties. 
 
 ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES. 
 
 Oil, garlic, dry peas, rice, oats, common or refined sugar, coffee of 
 all kinds, salted and smoked meats, including hams, barley, onions, 
 beans, fruits, fresh vegetables, ordinary crackers, chick peas, flour of 
 wheat and of the other cereals of all kinds, condensed milk, lentils, 
 corn, lard, butter, powdered mustard, potatoes, alimentary pastes, 
 pepper, common table salt, tea of all kinds, vinegar in earthen, glass, 
 or silk receptacles. 
 
 STONE AND EARTH. 
 
 Earthen piping, bricks, if not of refractory earth, stone and slates 
 for pavements, of one face only, of all kinds and dimensions, except- 
 ing those of marble or alabaster, grinding stones, ordinary panes of 
 glass for windows and doors, chalk. 
 
 WAGON MATERIAL. 
 
 Hand-cars and wheelbarrows of one or two wheels, wagons, cars 
 and carts of all dimensions, axles of steel and iron for wagons, 
 wheels separate to be used in wagons of all dimensions. 
 
 LEATHER ARTICLES. 
 
 ' Ordinary harnesses for wagons. 
 
 DRUGS. 
 
 Starch. 
 
 IRON, STEEL AND OTHER METALS. 
 
 Wire woven for fences, hook nails and bolts, hinges of iron and 
 brass of all kinds, doorplates of iron, steel, or brass without gilding 
 or plating, locks of iron, steel, brass, copper, or bronze, of all kinds, 
 nails, tacks, screws, bolts, nuts, and rivets of all kinds, channel iron 
 and iron plates for roofs, bellows for chimneys, door hinges of iron 
 and brass of all kinds, tools and implements of iron, brass, steel, or
 
 270 COLONIZATION LAWS. 
 
 wood, or made of said substances, as well as posts and handles for 
 tools, iron ovens for kitchens and stoves with the iron tubes per- 
 taining to the same, iron shoes for animals, windmills of iron or 
 wood, or of both substances, to extract water from wells, sheaves of 
 iron or wood, or of both substances, iron beams, provided they may 
 only be used in the construction of houses, zinc in sheets for roofs, 
 machines, and their accessories. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS ARTICLES. 
 
 Geldings, heath brooms, ordinary wood sawed in planks, beams, 
 and boards; hair of cattle to cover jars; doors and windows of 
 wood and of wood and glass; tents of all kinds, including the poles 
 to set them up. 
 
 ART. 2. All colonists shall also enjoy upon their arrival at the 
 Republic and for one time only, the privilege of bringing free from 
 the payment of duties new furniture or in use if of ordinary kind, 
 according to the class of colonists, as well as the other things of all 
 kinds pertaining to the household that they may bring in order to 
 settle. 
 
 ART. 3. The Department of Public Works shall determine what 
 colonies shall enjoy the right of importing provisions free from the 
 payment of duties, with the limitations and for the time that it may 
 deem proper, in conformity with article 4 of the law already men- 
 tioned. 
 
 ART. 4. The importations of articles free from the payment of 
 duties under these regulations or under the general Ordinance for cus- 
 tom houses, may be made by the colonists whose status is recognized 
 directly or through the agencies of the colonization companies, or by 
 the commission merchants they should select, but subject to the . 
 prescriptions hereinafter stated. 
 
 ART. 5. Colonists by themselves, or through their agents, shall 
 present a petition from the proper agent of the Department of Pub- 
 lic Works, asking the importation of the articles which they may 
 require, whether they be free under these regulations or under the 
 Custom House Ordinance, such petition to be made in duplicate, 
 and to contain a detailed statement of the quality and class of the 
 articles that they may ask. This list shall be passed upon by the 
 agent of the Department of Public Works, and if he finds it in con-
 
 COLONIZATION LAWS. 271 
 
 formity with the law, he shall place his authorization at the foot of 
 the petition, and shall forward a copy to the custom house through 
 which the importation is to be made, preserving one in his archives, 
 send the other to the Department of Public Works, and give the 
 petitioner a certificate for his security. 
 
 Wherever no agents reside, the Department of Public Works 
 shall invest some Federal officer with that character. 
 
 ART. 6. Importations made by the colonists by themselves or 
 through their agents must come included in a consular invoice, it 
 not being permitted to comprise therein any other articles on which 
 duties must be paid, whether they are for the colonists or not. 
 
 ART. 7. When the importation has been made, the agent or the 
 colonists shall prepare the petition for the dispatch of the goods as 
 the Ordinance requires, and such petitions shall be presented to the 
 custom house. When the latter finds them in conformity with 
 the document or documents authorized by the agent of the Depart- 
 ment of Public Works, it shall make the delivery of the articles, 
 but should it find any difference, it must proceed in conformity 
 with the prescriptions of article 388 of the Custom House Ordinance. 
 
 ART. 8. The agents of the Department of Public Works shall see 
 that the agents of colonization companies shall give them beforehand 
 a statement as to the colonists who are to arrive, and the places 
 through which they must make their entrance to the country, that 
 such agents may notify the same at the proper time to the respec- 
 tive custom houses, so that upon the arrival of the colonists no dif- 
 ficulties shall arise for the dispatch of the furniture and household 
 goods which said colonists may bring for colonization purposes. 
 The names of the colonists must perforce be contained in such state- 
 ment. 
 
 ART. 9. If the agents of the Department of Public Works shall 
 be at the places through which the colonists may enter, they must 
 be present at the dispatch of the furniture and household goods of 
 said colonists, so as to determine whether they are entitled to bs 
 admitted free from the payment of duties in conformity with article 
 2; but if they are not present, the custom house collector shall 
 adopt such determination. Should it be considered that the arti- 
 cles to be imported by the colonists are superior in class or quality 
 to what is specified in article 2, the custom house shall act in con-
 
 272 COLONIZATION LAWS. 
 
 formity with the prescriptions of article 180, subdivision VI, of the 
 Custom House Ordinance. 
 
 ART. 10. The agents of the Department of Public Works shall 
 take cai-e, under their most strict responsibility, that no permits be 
 granted to the colonists for the importation of more articles than 
 are strictly necessary, and for that purpose they must keep an ac- 
 count of the amounts granted, and another of those which might 
 ordinarily be required, both of provisions and of articles for the con- 
 struction of houses, field labors, etc. 
 
 ART. 11. If it should happen that some of th colonists or their 
 agents make illegal use of the concession which is made in their fa- 
 vor, to sell or barter, with articles that they may have received free 
 from the importation of duties, the agent of the Department of Pub- 
 lic Works shall notify the District Judge having jurisdiction in such 
 matters what has taken place, so that he may as of right proceed 
 to determine the fact, and in case' that the crime is proved, it may 
 be punished in conformity with article 371 of the Custom House 
 Ordinance. Custom house collectors shall in similar cases be under 
 the same obligation. 
 
 ART. 12. The agents of the Department of Public Works shall 
 keep a book, wherein may be stated the number in successive order 
 of the petitions made by the colonists, the date of their presentation, 
 the date when one of such petitions is sent to the custom house 
 through which the introduction is to be made, the name of such 
 custom house, the number of packages specified in the petitions, 
 their contents in general, the name or names of the colonists, and the 
 name of the agent, if there should be one. 
 
 An extract from the contents of this register shall be. sent monthly 
 to the Department of Public Works. 
 
 ART. 13. Said agents shall keep a register wherein detailed state- 
 ments of the amount of articles granted to each colonist shall be 
 entered, with a note showing the number of persons which each 
 family is composed of, if the colonist should have a family, making 
 the computations each six months of the amounts that they have ob- 
 tained of provisions and of their corresponding consumption, as well 
 as of the other articles for the construction of houses, field labors, 
 etc. Every six months they shall send a copy of said register to the 
 Department of Public Works, with a certified statement as to the
 
 COLONIZATION LAWS. 273 
 
 requirement of the colonists, so that the Department itself may make 
 the observations that it deem just and determine what it may con- 
 sider best for a better distribution thereafter. 
 
 TRANSITORY. 
 
 In order to comply with the contract entered into on the llth of 
 December, 1885, with the citizen Guillermo Andrade, beside the ar- 
 ticles referred to in the preceding article, there shall be free from 
 duties, and only with reference to the colonists comprised in said 
 contract, ready-made clothing (including hats and shoes), which they 
 may receive for their own use. 
 
 Wherefore I order that it be printed, published, circulated, and 
 due compliance be given thereto. 
 
 Given in the Palace of the Executive Power of the Union, at Mex- 
 ico, on the fifteenth of July, eighteen hundred and and eighty-nine. 
 
 PORFIRIO DIAZ. 
 
 To citizen General Carlos Pacheco, Secretary o Public Works, 
 Colonization, Industry, and Commerce of the Mexican Republic. 
 
 And I communicate it to you that it be known and for its proper 
 ends. 
 
 Liberty and Constitution: Mexico, July 17, 1889. PACHECO.
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 The Code of Commerce at present in force was approved on the 
 15th of September, 1889, and took effect on the 1st of January > 
 1890. It repealed the former Code of Commerce adopted in 1884, 
 and all mercantile laws theretofore in force. It operates and is in 
 force throughout the whole country in conformity with the Consti- 
 tution of the Republic. 
 
 The following articles of said Code may be useful for consultation. 
 
 BOOK FIRST. PRELIMINARY TITLE. 
 
 ART. 1. The prescriptions of this Code are applicable only to 
 commercial acts or transactions. 
 
 ART. 2. In case some prescriptions may be wanting in this Code, 
 those of common right shall be applicable to commercial acts or 
 transactions. 
 
 TITLE I. OF MERCHANTS. 
 
 ART. 3. The following are considered as merchants under this 
 law: 
 
 I. Persons who, having the legal capital to enter into commerce, 
 make it their ordinary occupation. 
 
 II. Companies organized in conformity with mercantile laws. 
 
 III. Foreign companies or their agencies or branches, which trans- 
 act business within the national territory. 
 
 ART. 4. Persons who accidentally, with o'r without a fixed estab- 
 lishment, perform some mercantile operation, although they are not 
 in law considered merchants, nevertheless, thereby they become 
 subject to commercial laws. Wherefore, agriculturists and manufac- 
 turers, and generally all those who have established a store or ware- 
 house in any town for the sale of the products of their property, 
 or of the manufactured products of their industry or labor, without 
 making any alteration in them when effecting sales thereof, shall 
 (274)
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. ^275 
 
 be considered merchants, in what concerns their warehouses or 
 stores. 
 
 ART. 5. Any person that, in conformity with ordinary laws, is 
 able to contract and bind himself, and to whom said laws do not 
 expressly forbid to follow mercantile pxirsuits, shall have the capac- 
 ity to enter into mercantile transactions. 
 
 ART. 6. Persons who are minors under twenty-one years of age, 
 but more than eighteen, may transact business, after having been de- 
 clared out of the control of their guardians, of age, or having ob- 
 tained authorization therefor from their parents or guardians, in 
 conformity with the law, but in no case can the merchant who is 
 a minor enjoy the privileges granted to those under age. 
 
 ART. 7. Minors who, in conformity with the foreign article, are 
 merchants, shall be considered, notwithstanding the prescription of 
 civil law, as adults and of age. 
 
 ART. 8. A married woman, eighteen years of age and over, may 
 transact business provided she obtain express authorization therefor 
 from her husband, in registered deed. Without authorization from 
 her husband she may enter into business in case of the separation, 
 absence, interdict, or deprivation of civil rights of her said husband, 
 which may have been declared in conformity with the law. 
 
 ART. 9. A married woman in business may mortgage her real 
 estate as security for her mercantile obligations, and may appear in 
 judicial proceedings, without obtaining permission therefor from her 
 husband. 
 
 She cannot make any charges on the real property of her hus- 
 band, nor on the community property, unless, in the deed authoriz- 
 ing her to engage in business, her husband should have given her 
 express power so to do. 
 
 ART. 10. A husband may revoke the authority given to his wife 
 to act as a merchant, but such revocation cannot prejudice the rights 
 of third parties, until after ninety days have elapsed from its publi- 
 cation in a visible place of the mercantile establishment of the wife, 
 and in some one of the newspapers of the locality where she may re- 
 side, or of the nearest, if there should be no newspaper published 
 in her place of residence. 
 
 ART. 11. A married woman, if she is engaged in business when 
 she contracts matrimony, must obtain authorization to continue
 
 276 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 from her husband. Such permission may be presumed to have been 
 granted, if the husband does not publish, in the manner prescribed 
 in the foregoimg article, the fact that his wife has ceased transacting 
 business. 
 
 ART. 12. Commerce cannot be carried on by: 
 
 I. Brokers. 
 
 II. Bankrupts which have not been duly discharged. 
 
 III. Persons who by final judgment have been condemned for of- 
 fenses against property rights, including therein forgery, embez- 
 zlement, bribery, and conspiracy. 
 
 ART. 13. Foreigners are permitted to follow mercantile pursuits, 
 in conformity with the provisions of the treaties with their respective 
 countries, and with the prescriptions of the laws regulating the 
 rights and obligations of foreigners. 
 
 ART. 14. Foreign merchants, in all the business transactions in 
 which they take part, must be subject to the provisions of this Code 
 and of the other laws of this country. 
 
 ART. 15. Companies legally constituted abroad that may estab- 
 lish themselves in the Republic, or may have therein some agency 
 or branch, may enter into business, subject, however, to the special 
 provisions of this Code, in whatever refers to the organization of 
 their establishment within national territory and the jurisdiction of 
 the courts of this country. 
 
 In all that relates to their ability to enter into contracts, they 
 must be subject to the prescriptions of the corresponding article in 
 the title of Foreign Companies. 
 
 TITLE II. OF OBLIGATIONS OF ALL WHO TRANSACT BUSINESS. 
 
 ART. 16. All merchants, by the mere fact of following that occu- 
 pation, are obliged: 
 
 I. To publish, by means of the press, the class of business they 
 engage in, with its essential circumstances, and, at the proper time, 
 the modifications which they may adopt. 
 
 II. To record in the public mercantile register all the documents 
 whose contents and authenticity should be made public. 
 
 III. To keep uniform and exact accounts. 
 
 IV. To keep the correspondence which relates to the business 
 carried on by the merchant.
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. 277 
 
 ART. 17. Merchants are obliged: 
 
 I. To give notice of the opening of the establishment or office 
 owned by them, by means of a circular addressed to the merchants 
 of the places where they have their residence, branches, agencies, or 
 business correspondents, which circular must contain the name of 
 the establishment, its location, and object; if there is any person in 
 charge of its management, his name and signature; if a company, its 
 nature, the name of the manager or managers, the company's name 
 or denomination, and the person or person's authorized to use either 
 one or the other, and the designation of the houses, branches, or 
 agencies, if any. 
 
 II. To give notice, also by means of circular, of the modifications 
 that might take place in any of the matters before referred to. 
 
 III. To publish in the official journal, and if there should be 
 none, in some other newspaper, the circulars which they may address, 
 as well as a statement in liquidation or upon closing the establish- 
 ment or office. 
 
 ART. 18. A mercantile register shall be kept at the leading town 
 of the division or judicial district of the merchant's domicile, by the 
 officers in charge of the public register of property, and, in default 
 thereof, by the recorders of mortgages, and in default of both, by the 
 judges of first instance of ordinary jurisdiction. 
 
 ART. 24. Foreign companies that may desire to establish them- 
 selves, or create branches in the Republic, shall present and note in 
 the register, besides a certified copy of their legal by-laws, contracts ) 
 and other dociiments relating to their organization, the inventory, or 
 last balance sheet, if they should have any, and a certificate showing 
 that they are constituted and authorized in conformity with the 
 laws of the corresponding country, issued by the minister accredited 
 therein by the Republic, or, in default thereof, by the Mexican con- 
 sul. 
 
 ART. 25. The registration shall be made upon presentation of the 
 certified copy of the corresponding deed, or of the document or 
 written declaration that may be presented by the merchant, when- 
 ever the title to be registered does not consist of a deed duly re- 
 corded. Documents coming from abroad and subject to registration 
 must be previously legalized in the Republic. 
 
 ART. 26. Documents that, in conformity with this Code, should be
 
 278 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 registered, and are not so registered, only affect the parties who 
 execute them, and cannot prejudice the rights of third parties, but 
 the latter may avail themselves of anything contained therein that 
 might be favorable to them. Despite the omission of being noted 
 in the mercantile register, all documents relating to real property 
 and rights appurtenant thereto shall have their effect on other par- 
 ties, whenever they have been recorded, in conformity with the 
 ordinary provisions of the law, in the register of property or in the 
 competent recorder's office for mortgages. 
 
 ART. 27. The failure of registration of documents shall, in cases 
 of bankruptcy, render it fraudulent, unless the contrary is proven. 
 Or MERCANTILE ACCOUNTS. 
 
 ART. 33. A merchant is obliged to keep account of all his trans- 
 actions in three books at least, to wit: the book of inventories and 
 balances, the general diary, and the ledger or of running accounts. 
 
 Partnerships and companies having shares must also keep a min- 
 ute book or books, wherein there may be recorded all resolutions 
 relating to the company's business and operations, and which may 
 have been adopted at the general meetings of stockholders or at the 
 meetings of the Board of Directors. 
 
 ART. 34. The books prescribed must be strictly kept by the 
 customary methods of bookkeeping, must be bound, covered, and 
 paged and sealed with the proper stamps in the manner provided by 
 law. 
 
 ART. 35. Merchants may keep their books by themselves, or by 
 persons whom they may authorize to perform that duty. 
 
 If the merchant does not keep the books himself, it shall be pi'e- 
 sumed that he has authorized the persons keeping them to do so, 
 unless the contrary is proven. 
 
 ART. 36. The books of merchants must be kept in the Spanish 
 language, with precision, in progressive order of dates and transac- 
 tions, without leaving any blanks thereon, and shall not be altered 
 on any account. Any error made thereon must be corrected by a 
 new entry referring to the erroneous item. 
 
 ART. 37. A merchant, even though a foreigner, who does- not keep 
 his books in Spanish, shall be liable to a penalty of at least fifty dol- 
 lars, but that cannot be more than three hundred. The entries of 
 the book, which may be ordered to be examined and shown, shall be
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. 279 
 
 translated into the Spanish language, at his own expense, and he 
 may be compelled by legal proceedings, within a term to be fixed, 
 to transcribe into that language the books that he may have kept in 
 another. 
 
 ART. 38. The book of inventories and balances shall begin with 
 the inventory that the merchant must make when commencing his 
 operations, and shall contain: 
 
 I. An exact statement of the money, values, credits, collections to- 
 be made, real and personal property, goods and merchandise of all 
 kinds, estimated at their real value, and which may constitute his- 
 assets. 
 
 II. An exact statement of the debts of all kinds of pending obli- 
 gations, if any| and which constitute his liabilities. 
 
 III. It will show, as the case may be, the exact difference between 
 the assets and liabilities that shall constitute the capital with which 
 he begins operations. 
 
 A merchant shall furthermore prepare annually, and record in the 
 same book, the general balance of his business with the details 
 stated in this article, and in conformity with the entries of the diary, 
 without any reservation or omission, and under his signature and 
 responsibility. 
 
 ART. 39. In the diary there must be placed as the first entry the 
 result of the inventory referred to in the foregoing article, divided 
 in one or several consecutive accounts, in conformity with the sys- 
 tem of bookkeeping that may be adopted. 
 
 Following this there shall be entered day by day, and according 
 to the order in which they may be made, all the operations effected 
 by the merchant in his business, on his own account, or that of 
 others, stating the circumstances and character of each transaction, 
 and the result which they may have on the -credit or debit side, so 
 that each entry shall show who is the creditor and who is the debtor 
 of the transaction to which it has reference. 
 
 When the operations are numerous, whatever may be their im- 
 portance, or when they have taken place outside of the domicile, all 
 those referring to each account and effected on the same day may be 
 comprised in one single entry, but keeping in the statement thereof 
 when presented in detail, the very order in which they may have 
 been effected.
 
 280 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 Likewise all suras that the merchant may withdraw for his own 
 account, shall be entered of the date when taken out from the funds 
 in hand, and a special account shall be kept of them in the ledger 
 under a heading opened for that purpose. 
 
 AET. 40. Running accoiints with ach special object or person, 
 shall be opened in the ledger with a debit and credit side, and the 
 entries of the diary shall be transferred to each account in their 
 strict order. 
 
 ART. 41. The minute book which must be kept by companies, when 
 referring to general meetings, shall contain the corresponding date, 
 those present, the number of shares represented by each one, the 
 number of votes which they may cast, the resolutions adopted, which 
 must be stated in the very words used, and when the voting is not 
 by ayes and nays, the votes cast, taking care to enter everything 
 that may give a proper understanding of what was resolved. When 
 the minutes refer to a meeting of the board of directors, the only 
 things to be stated are the date, the names of those present, and a 
 statement of the resolutions adopted. These minutes shall be certi- 
 fied by the signatures of the persons to whom the by-laws confer 
 such power. 
 
 ART. 42. No authority or court has the right to make an investi- 
 gation so as to ascertain whether the merchants keep or do not keep 
 books in due form. Merchants must, however, show them when de- 
 mand is made, simply for the purpose of showing that they have the 
 corresponding revenue stamps. 
 
 ART. 43. Neither can it be decreed on motion of any party, the 
 presentation, delivery, or general examination of books, letters, ac- 
 counts, and documents of merchants, except in cases of the adminis- 
 tration of an estate, liquidation of a company, mercantile manage- 
 ment on account of a third party or of bankruptcy. 
 
 ART. 44. Excepting in the cases stated in the preceding article, 
 the presentation of books and documents of merchants may be only 
 decreed, on petition of someone or of the authority, when the per- 
 son to whom they belong has an interest or responsibility in the 
 matter in which the examination is sought. 
 
 The examination shall be made at the office of the merchant, in 
 his presence or that of the person whom he may designate for the 
 purpose, and shall be exclusively limited to the points which have
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. 281 
 
 strict reference to the action commenced, it being understood that 
 the same shall comprise even matters that are foreign to the spe- 
 cial account by virtue whereof the examination has been demanded. 
 
 ART. 45. If the books are out of the place where the court order- 
 ing their examination sits, the same shall take place where the books 
 are, without requiring that they may be taken to the place where 
 the trial is had. 
 
 ART. 46. All merchants are required to keep the books of their 
 business until their accounts are liquidated and ten years thereafter. 
 The heirs of a merchant are obliged to do the same thing. 
 
 OF CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 ART. 47. Merchants are obliged to keep in good order all the 
 letters and telegrams that they receive referring to their transactions 
 and business, indorsing thereon the date when received and an- 
 swered, or if no answer was made thereto. 
 
 ART. 48. All letters written bv the merchant referring to his 
 
 / O 
 
 business, and all telegrams that he may send, shall be transferred to 
 a copying book, either by hand or by employing some mechanical ap- 
 paratus, as a whole and successively in the order of their dates, in- 
 cluding the signatures thereto. 
 
 ART. 49. The rules established in article 36, excepting what re- 
 lates to the exclusive use of the Spanish language, shall be applica- 
 ble to the letter coyping book. 
 
 ART. 50. The courts may decree, at the request of the authorities, 
 or upon motion by a party concerned, that the letters having refer- 
 ence to the subject matter in litigation may be presented during the 
 litigation, and also that those fi'om copying books of the same class 
 written by the parties to the litigation may be shown. Beforehand 
 the letters that are to be copied by the party making the request 
 shall be clearly stated. 
 
 BOOK II. TITLE II. 
 
 CHAPTER I. OF THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF MERCANTILE COM- 
 PANIES. 
 
 ART. 89. The law recognizes five forms or classes of mercantile 
 companies: 
 
 I. A partnership with a collective name. 
 
 II. A partnership with special partners. 
 
 III. An anonymous society or corporation.
 
 282 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 IV. A society with special partners, by shares. 
 
 V. Co-operative societies. 
 
 ART. 90. All commercial companies constitute judicial persons 
 different from the persons who compose it. 
 
 ART. 91. Civil societies, without losing their character, may con- 
 stitute themselves as commercial companies, in conformity with the 
 provisions of this title. 
 
 ART. 92. The law recognizes, besides companies properly so called, 
 all transitory commercial societies in shares, without their having 
 judicial personality different from that of the members constituting 
 the same. 
 
 CHAPTER II. ORGANIZATION OP COMPANIES. 
 
 ART. 93. All contracts for the organization of companies must be 
 contained in a deed of record. When otherwise made under any 
 other form among the associates, it shall have no legal effect. 
 
 ART. 94. Any amendment or addition made to the contract for 
 the organization of a company, shall be effected with the same 
 formalities as are prescribed for the original contract. 
 
 ART. 95. Indentures of record for organization of companies in 
 order to be valid, must contain : 
 
 I. The names, surnames, and domiciles of those who execute it. 
 
 II. The firm name of the partnership or name of the company, 
 as well as its denomination in the proper case, stating the domicile 
 of the company. 
 
 III. The object and duration of the company and the manner of 
 computing such duration. 
 
 IV. The capital of the company, stating the nature, number, and 
 value of the shares in which it may be divided; value or amount 
 subscribed, if referring to corporations or companies with special 
 partners by shares; or a statement what each partner brings to the 
 company, either in industry, cash credit, or goods, stating the value 
 given to the former and to the latter, in all classes of companies. 
 
 V. The names of the members or partners who are to have the 
 management or direction of the company and the use of the firm name, 
 if referring to partnerships in general or partnerships with special 
 partners; or the manner in which the society is to be managed or 
 directed, specifying the powers to be exercised by the managers or 
 directors, if referring to any other class of company.
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. 283 
 
 VI. The amount of the reserve fund in companies divided in shares, 
 co-operative societies being exempt from this obligation. 
 
 VII. The manner and form of making the distribution of the 
 losses and gains which correspond to the members of the company, 
 
 VIII. The part that the founders or organizers in corporations, or 
 of companies with special partners by shares, may reserve from the 
 earnings, and the manner in which they must receive the same. 
 
 IX. The case in which the company may be dissolved before the 
 stated time. 
 
 X. The basis under which the liquidation of the company may be 
 effected, and the manner in which the liquidators may be elected, 
 whenever they have not been appointed beforehand. 
 
 ART. 96. The omission of any of the requisites prescribed in the 
 foregoing article, may serve as a reason for a dissolution of the com- 
 pany, which shall be declared at the request of any of the members 
 or partners. 
 
 ART. 97. The fact that no deed duly recorded has been executed, 
 or that any of the requisites that it must contain in order to give it 
 validity have not been complied with, cannot be alleged as a defense 
 against a third party who may have entered into a contract with 
 the company. 
 
 ART. 98. Transitory companies the members whereof share in its 
 profits, as well as the modification therein introduced, are not sub. 
 ject in their organization to any exterior formality. Wherefore 
 their existence may be proved by any evidence which .is prescribed 
 by the law in ordinary cases. 
 
 ART. 99. Commercial associations are not subject to the inscrip- 
 tion in the Public Mercantile Register. 
 
 CHAPTER V. OF CORPORATIONS. 
 
 ART. 163. An anonymous company or corporation has no firm 
 name and is designated by the special denomination of the object of 
 its undertaking. In such company the members or shareholders 
 are merely responsible for the value of their shares. 
 
 ART. 164. if any shareholder should cause his name to appear in 
 the denomination of the corporation, he shall become personally and 
 jointly liable for its obligations. The denomination must be differ- 
 ent from that of any other corporation.
 
 284 CobE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 ART. 165. After the denomination of the corporation the words 
 "anonymous company" (corporation) must be added, whenever it 
 is necessary to make use of such denomination. 
 
 ART. 166. Corporations may be constituted in two ways: By pub- 
 lic subscription or by means of the appearance of two or more per- 
 sons who may subscribe the deed of incorporation, which shall con- 
 tain all the requisites necessary for its validity. 
 
 ART. 1'67. When the corporation has to be constituted by a re- 
 corded deed, it shall be necessary: 
 
 I. The publication of the prospectus. 
 
 II. The subscription of the capital stock 
 
 III. The holding of a general meeting to approve and ratify the 
 by-laws of the corporation. 
 
 IV. The recording of the minutes of the general meeting for its 
 organization, and of the by-laws of the corporation. 
 
 ART. 168. The prospectus, prepared and subscribed by the found- 
 ers, must contain in its entirety the plan for the by-laws of the 
 new corporation, with all the explanations that may be considered 
 necessary; the amount of the capital stock that must be paid in, 
 and, furthermore, a statement of the value in which may be esti- 
 mated the titles, goods, personal and real property with which one 
 or more shareholders may have contributed for the organization of 
 the corporation. The by-laws must contain all the requisites pre- 
 scribed in article 95, and, besides, the manner of calling and holding 
 the first general meeting. 
 
 ART. 169. The subscription for shares must be collected in one or 
 more copies of the prospectus of the organizers, and must show the 
 name and surname, or firm name, and the domicile of the persons 
 subscribing for shares, the number in words of the shares subscribed 
 for, the date of the subscription, and must clearly contain a state- 
 ment to the effect that the subscriber knows and approves the plan 
 of by-law, all to be certified by two witnesses. 
 
 ART. 170. In order to proceed to the organization of a corpora- 
 tion: 
 
 The capital stock- must be subscribed in its entirety and ten per 
 cent of the capital stock represented by money be paid in cash. If all 
 or a portion of the capital stock consists of revenues, titles, goods,
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. 285 
 
 real or personal property, these must be represented in their entirety 
 by fully paid-up stock. 
 
 If 'the ten per cent of the shares whose value is to be paid in 
 money should not be really paid in within the times specified by the 
 founders, they shall be considered as not having been subscribed. 
 
 ART. 171. The payment of the amount of the installment asked by 
 the founders of the corporation, to be made by the subscribers for 
 shares, shall be delivered by the latter to the banking institution, 
 or, in default thereof, to the business firm designated for such pur- 
 pose in the prospectus of the founders. 
 
 These sums so deposited shall be delivered to the managers, to be 
 appointed at the first general meeting, after the recording and regis- 
 tration of the documents relating to the corporation shall have been 
 effected, or shall be returned to the subscribers in case that the cor- 
 poration should not be organized. 
 
 ART. 172. After the capital stock shall have been subscribed, and 
 the deposit referred to in the foregoing article shall have been 
 made, a general meeting of shareholders shall be called. 
 
 At said meeting the following things shall be done : 
 
 I. To acknowledge and approve the installment required by the 
 founders, as well as the value in which may have been estimated the 
 titles, goods, real and personal property that one or more shareholders 
 may have contributed towards the corporation, those thus contrib- 
 uting not having the right to vote on that question; 
 
 II. To discuss and approve the by-laws; 
 
 III. To discuss the part or portion that the founders may have 
 reserved to themselves in the profits. 
 
 IV. To make the appointment of directors and managers that are 
 to hold office for the term that may be stated in the by-laws. 
 
 ART. 173. As constituting a part of the minutes of the general 
 meeting, there shall be a list, which must be signed by all the share- 
 holders present, and wherein must be stated the number of shares 
 and votes that they may represent. 
 
 ART. 174. After the general meeting has been held and the min- 
 utes have been entered, the recording and registration thereof shall 
 be effected, and the same thing must then be done with respect to 
 the by-laws. 
 
 ART. 175. When the corporation is not to be established through
 
 286 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 public subscription,,it shall be sufficient if the shareholders who or- 
 ganize it shall execute a deed to be recorded, complying therein with 
 the prescriptions of articles 95 and 170. There shall be annexed to 
 the deed of incorporation a statement of the value that may have 
 been set to the titles, goods, real and personal property which one 
 or more shareholders may have contributed, as forming part of the 
 capital stock of the corporation. The by-laws shall be approved a 
 the first general meeting, to be called in the manner prescribed in 
 said deed of incorporation. 
 
 ART. 176. Every operation effected by the foundei-s of a corpora- 
 tion, with the exception .of those that are necessary for its organiza- 
 tion, shall be null and void with respect to such coi-poration, unless 
 approved at a general meeting. 
 
 ART. 177. The sale and transfer of shares made by the subscrib- 
 ers or founders of the corporation, before it is legally constituted, 
 shall be null and void. 
 
 ART. 178. The capital stock of corporations shall be divided 
 into shares of equal value, and such shares shall confer on the hold- 
 ers thereof equal rights, unless otherwise stipulated upon the or- 
 ganization of the corporation. The shares may be in the name of 
 the holders or to bearer. 
 
 ART. 179. Shares, whether in the names of the holders or to 
 bearer, shall state: 
 
 I. The name of the corporation and the place of its domicile. 
 
 II. The date of its organization. 
 
 III. The value of the capital stock, the installments which the 
 shareholders may have made on such capital stock, and the total 
 number of shares in which the latter is divided. 
 
 IV. The term or duration of the corporation. 
 
 V. The rights granted to the shares by the deed of incorporation 
 or the by-laws. 
 
 The shares must be signed by the number of directors to be des- 
 ignated in the by-laws. 
 
 ART. 180. Corporations must keep a register for the shares issued 
 in the names of their holders, which must contain : 
 
 I. The exact designation of each shareholder and a statement of 
 the number of his or her shares; 
 
 II. A statement of the installments paid in;
 
 COPE OF COMMERCE. 287 
 
 III. The transfers that may have been made, with their respective 
 dates, or the exchange of shares in the name of shareholders and 
 those to bearer, when this is permitted by the by-laws; 
 
 IV. A statement of the shares deposited as security for the faith- 
 ful performance of the duties of the directors, manager, and trustees. 
 
 ART. 181. The ownership of shares in the name of any person is 
 proved by their inscription in the register referred to in the preced- 
 ing article. 
 
 A transfer thereof takes place by means of a statement entered 
 on the register, dated and signed by the grantor and transferee, or 
 by their respective attorneys-in-fact. The corporation may give 
 certificates of such annotations to whoever may require it. 
 
 A transfer of shares to bearer is made by the mere transfer 
 of title. 
 
 ART. 182. Every share in corporations is indivisible; wherefore, 
 where there are several owners holding a share, they must appoint 
 a common representative, and if they do not agree on any one per- 
 son, the judicial authority must make such appointment. 
 
 ART. 183. When the shareholders shall neglect to pay one or more 
 installments or assessments ordered by the corporation, the latter 
 shall proceed to sell the shares at the risk and for the account of 
 the shareholder, unless otherwise provided by the by-laws, and in 
 all such cases the corporation shall have the right to make the pay- 
 ment of such installments out of the dividends accruing on the cor- 
 responding shares. 
 
 ART. 184. Corporations are prohibited from purchasing their own 
 shares, except in the following cases: 
 
 I. When fully paid-up shares are purchased with the authoriza- 
 tion therefor from a general meeting and with funds that may arise 
 from benefits not devoted to the reserve fund. 
 
 II. When the purchase is made by virtue of an authorization al- 
 ready provided for in the by-laws. 
 
 III. When it is made with the capital of the corporation, if all 
 the formalities prescribed for the reduction of the capital stock are 
 complied with. 
 
 All titles purchased in the first-mentioned case cannot have any 
 representation at general meetings, and cannot be computed when 
 canvassing the majorities referred to in the by-laws.
 
 288 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 All titles of shaves purchased in the two last mentioned cases 
 shall be rendered null and void. 
 
 ART. 185. Purchases made in contravention of the prescriptions 
 of the last article shall not be void, unless the seller has acted in 
 bad faith; but the manager and directors who may have given au- 
 thority for the same shall be personally responsible for the damages 
 which may have accrued thereby to the corporation, without preju- 
 dice to the penal proceedings which may be instituted against them. 
 
 ART. 186. In no case may corporations effect loans or advances 
 on their own shares. 
 
 ART. 187. The management of corporations is temporary and may 
 be revoked. The shareholder or shareholders holding that trust 
 shall be considered as agents. 
 
 ART. 188. The management of all corporations shall be invested in 
 a Board of Directors and one or more managers. 
 
 Corporations may appoint consulting committees outside of their 
 domicile. These committees shall have the executive and adminis- 
 trative powers which may be conferred on them in the by-laws. 
 
 ART. 189. Unless otherwise specified in the by-laws, the Board 
 of Directors have the amplest powers to carry into effect all the 
 operations which may be necessary in conformity with the nature 
 and object of the corporation. 
 
 ART. 190. All members of the Board of Directors shall be elected 
 at a general meeting of stockholders; nevertheless, the first time they 
 may be appointed in the deed of incorporation, but always they may 
 be re-elected, unless otherwise stipulated. 
 
 ART. 191. Vacancies in the Board of Directors shall b filled in 
 the manner that may be prescribed in the by-laws of the corporation. 
 
 AKT. 192. The trust of members of the Board of Directors in a 
 corporation is personal, and never can it be performed by an attor- 
 ney-in-fact. 
 
 ART. 193. Every one of the members of the Board of Directors 
 must deposit within the control of the corporation, during the pe- 
 riod that his trust may last, a certain number of shares as security 
 for the faithful performance of his duties. The by-laws shall desig- 
 nate in all cases the number of such shares. 
 
 ART. 194. The directors of a corporation do not contract any per- 
 sonal obligation in the operations in which they may take part in the 
 name of such corporation.
 
 . CODE OF COMMERCE. 289 
 
 ART. 195. The directors are responsible to the corporation, in ac- 
 cordance with the ordinary principles of law, for the performance of 
 the trust in their charge and for the dereliction of their duties. 
 
 Such responsibility may only be demanded at a general meeting of 
 shareholders or by the person authorized thereby. 
 
 ART. 196. Any member of the board having an interest in con- 
 flict with those of the corporation, in any operation which may be 
 submitted for approval, shall be required to state that fact, and cause 
 such declaration to be entered in the minutes of the corresponding 
 meeting. 
 
 ART. 197. The management of the affairs of the corporation, as 
 well as its representation in everything relative thereto, shall be in- 
 trusted, as stated in article 188, to one or more general managers, 
 whose appointment, dismissal, and duties shall be prescribed in the 
 by-laws. 
 
 The responsibility of said agents shall be regulated by the ordi- 
 nary principles of law. 
 
 ART. 198. The vigilance over the affairs of corporations shall be 
 intrusted to one or more shareholders, who .shall be styled examin- 
 ers, who, before entering into the discharge of their duties, must de- 
 posit a number of shares to be prescribed by the by-laws. 
 
 The examiners shall be appointed at a general meeting neverthe- 
 less, the first time they may be designated in the deed of incorporation. 
 
 In spite of any stipulation to the contrary, the examiners may al- 
 ways be re-elected and their trust may be revoked. 
 
 The vacancies in the office of examiners shall be filled in the 
 manner prescribed by the by-laws, but always by virtue of election 
 at a general meeting. 
 
 ART. 199. The examiners have a limit right of vigilance over the 
 operations of the corporation. Whenever they may desire, they 
 shall be permitted to examine the books, correspondence, minutes, 
 and, in general, all the deeds and papers of the corporation. Where- 
 fore the shareholders cannot do these things by themselves. 
 
 The managers shall deliver to them every year the general balance^ 
 so that they may make its examination, and the examiners shall pre- 
 sent to a meeting the result of their labors with any resolutions, 
 which they may deem proper in the premises, accompanied with the 
 necessary explanations and exhibits. 
 
 18
 
 290 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 ART. 200. The extent and effect of the responsibility of the ex- 
 aminers shall be regulated by the prescriptions establishing those 
 relative to the Board of Directors. 
 
 ART. 201. A general meeting of shareholders has the most ample 
 power to carry into effect and ratify all the acts of the corporation. 
 Such meeting may, unless otherwise prescribed, have the right to 
 amend the by-laws of the corporation. 
 
 ART. 202. Meetings are ordinary and extraordinary. Ordinary 
 meetings shall be held at least once a year, after the termination of 
 the corporation year. The following matters shall be in order at 
 general ordinary meetings: 
 
 I. To discuss, approve, or modify the general balance, after hear- 
 ing the report of the examiners. 
 
 ( II. To elect the members of the Board of Directors that are to 
 serve. 
 
 III. To elect examiners. 
 
 IV. To determine the compensation to be paid to the members 
 of the Board of Directors and the examiners, if they are not pre- 
 scribed in the by-laws. 
 
 V. To discuss and determine all other matters mentioned in the 
 day's proceedings. 
 
 The extraordinary meetings shall be held whenever called in con- 
 formity with the by-laws. 
 
 ART. 203. The call to general meetings shall be made by the pub- 
 lication of a notice in the official journal of the State, district, or 
 territory, wherein the corporation has its domicile. The notice 
 must contain a statement of the day's proceedings or of all the 
 points to be submitted for the deliberation of the meeting. 
 
 Every resolution adopted in contravention with this article shall 
 be void. 
 
 ART. 204. The call of meetings shall be made by the Board of Di- 
 rectors or by the examiners, and in order that they may be legally 
 held there shall be thereat a representation of more than one-half of 
 the capital stock. 
 
 The number of votes that are to be held by the shareholders at 
 the meetings, as well as the manner of canvassing them, shall be 
 determined in the by-laws. 
 
 If the meeting cannot be held on the day stated for such meeting,
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. 291 
 
 the call shall be repeated, and at the second meeting the points 
 stated in the day's proceedings shall be resolved, whatever may be 
 the portion of capital stock represented by the shareholders present. 
 
 ART. 205. The resolutions adopted at general meetings must be 
 passed by at least an absolute majority of the votes of the shares 
 that can be computed. 
 
 ART. 2<)6. Unless the deed of incorporation or the by-laws pro. 
 vide otherwise, the representation of three-fourths parts of the 
 capital stock and the unanimous vote of the number of shareholders 
 representing half of said capital stock, shall be necessary to pass 
 the following resolutions: 
 
 I. Dissolution of the corporation before the time prescribed, ex- 
 cept in case it should be done owing to the loss of one-half of the 
 capital stock. 
 
 II. To extend the duration of its existence. 
 
 III. To consolidate with .other corporations 
 
 IV. To reduce its capital stock. 
 
 V. To increase its capital stock. 
 
 VI. To change the object of the corporation. 
 
 VII. Any other modification of the deed of incorporation or of 
 the by-laws. 
 
 ART. 207. When, in conformity with the provisions of the pre- 
 ceding article, it is resolved that the capital stock shall be increased, 
 such resolution shall be carried into effect in strict compliance with 
 the formalities and prescriptions specified for the organization of 
 corporations. 
 
 ART. 208. The modifications referred to in subdivisions II, III, 
 IV, and VI of article 206 shall be included in a deed to be re- 
 corded and shall be noted in the Register of Commerce. 
 
 ART. 2<.'9. The Board of Directors must call an extraordinary 
 meeting, at least with one month's notice, when the petition for the 
 call has been made by a number of shareholders representing the 
 third portion of the capital stock, and the points to be discussed at 
 the meeting have been presented in waiting. 
 
 ART. 210. Shareholders may have themselves represented at gen- 
 eral meetings by persons holding their proxies, who may or may not 
 belong to the corporation, the proxies therefor to be drawn in the 
 form that may be prescribed by the by-laws. Members of the Board 
 of Directors cannot hold proxies.
 
 292 CODE OP COMMERCE. 
 
 ART. 211. All the minutes of meetings, whether oi-dinary or ex- 
 traordinary, shall be made in duplicate, and to one of the copies 
 of the minutes shall be annexed the list referred to in article 173. 
 
 ART. 212. Members of the Board of Directors cannot vote: 
 
 I. To approve the accounts. 
 
 II. On resolutions that affect their personal responsibility. 
 
 ART. 213. Corporations cannot distribute to their shareholders 
 more profits than those that appear in the general balance as having 
 been obtained for their benefit; nevertheless, it may be stipulated in 
 the by-laws or deeds of incorporation that the shares, during a pe- 
 riod not to exceed five years, shall draw a larger rate of interest 
 than six per cent per annum. In that case the amount of such 
 interest shall be considered as forming part of the expenses of 
 organization. Shareholders shall never be obliged to return any 
 dividends that they may have received. 
 
 ART. 214. From the net profits of the corporation there must be set 
 aside yearly a portion, which shall not be t less than five per cent 
 thereof, to constitute the reserve fund, until it may aggregate at 
 least one-fifth part of the capital stock. 
 
 The reserve fund must be formed again in the same manner, 
 whenever it shall be diminished through any circumstance whatever. 
 
 ART. 215. Corporations must publish yearly in the official jour- 
 nal of the State, District, or Territory where they may have their 
 domicile, a balance, wherein must be stated the amount of their 
 capital stock, specifying what portion thereof has been paid in and 
 what is yet to be received, the amount of cash on hand and the dif- 
 ferent items that constitute their assets and liabilities. 
 
 ART. 216. Corporations may be dissolved: 
 
 I. By the consent of the shareholders, in the manner prescribed 
 in article 206. 
 
 II. By the expiration of the period for which they were estab- 
 lished. 
 
 III. By the loss of one-half of their capital stock, whenever the 
 dissolution is approved at a general meeting, by a vote of at least a 
 majority of the shareholders representing one-half of said capital 
 stock. 
 
 IV. By the insolvency of the corporation, legally declared. 
 
 ART. 217. When the dissolution of a corporation is determined
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. 293 
 
 upon at a meeting, the appointment of liquidators shall be made, 
 and if that is not done, the judicial authority shall appoint them 
 when a petition is presented to that effect. 
 
 ART. 218. The appointment of liquidators terminates the trust 
 and duties of the directors of the corporation; the latter shall, 
 nevertheless, lend their aid to the liquidators whenever they are re- 
 quested to do so. 
 
 ART. 219. The accounts of the directors, during the period com- 
 prised from the last balance approved at a meeting and the open- 
 ing of the liquidation, shall be presented to the liquidators for their 
 approval. 
 
 ART. 220. When one or more directors are appointed liquidators, 
 the accounts referred to in the foregoing article shall be published 
 in one or more newspapers, published in the domicile of the corpo- 
 ration, with the final balance of the liquidation; but if the latter 
 comprises a period greater than a corporation year, the accounts 
 mentioned must be accompanied to the first balance that the liqui- 
 dators shall present to a general meeting of shareholders. 
 
 ART. 221. If the liquidation lasts one year, the liquidators shall 
 make up the annual balance in conformity with the prescriptions of 
 the law and of the by-laws. 
 
 ART. 222. When the liquidation shall be made the liquidators 
 must form 'the final balance, stating the .portion which corresponds 
 to each share in the distribution of the capital stock, and such bal- 
 ance shall be published for thirty consecutive days in one or more 
 newspapers issued at the domicile of the corporation. The share- 
 holders within fifteen days after the last publication thereof must 
 present their claims to the liquidators, which shall be passed upon 
 at a meeting to be called for that purpose, by a majority of votes, 
 each share to have one vote. 
 
 ART. 223. After the expiration of the time mentioned in the fore- 
 going article, whether there have been no claims presented, or whether 
 they have been acted on by the meeting, the final balance shall be 
 considered as approved, the responsibility of the liquidators to re- 
 main in force as far as everything that pertains to the distribution 
 of the capital stock is concerned. 
 
 ART. 224. The amount belonging to the shareholders and that 
 shall not be demanded within two months after the day when the
 
 294 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 balance is considered to be approved, shall be deposited in any 
 banking establishment to the credit and in the name of the share- 
 holder, if the share was in his name, or to the number of the share, 
 if drawn to bearer. Said amounts shall be paid by the banking es- 
 tablish <uents wherein the deposit may have been made to the person 
 named or to the bearer of the share. 
 
 ART. 225. The books of the corporation dissolved shall be kept 
 at the office of the Public Register of Commerce, where the liquida- 
 tors shall deposit them. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. OF FOREIGN COMPANIES. 
 
 ART. 265. Companies legilly constitute;! in a foreign country 
 that may be established in the Republic, or have within it some 
 agency or branch, must, in order to enjoy the right granted them 
 under article 15, subject themselves to the following prescriptions: 
 
 I. To the inscription and registration referred to in article 24. 
 
 II. When they are formed by shares, to publish annually a 
 balance which may clearly state their assets and liabilities, as well as 
 the name of the persons who have their management and control. 
 
 ART. 266. A failure to comply with th^ provisions of the fore- 
 going article renders all those who may enter into contracts in the 
 name of such company, personally and jointly liable for all its obli- 
 gations contracted within h-lie Republic. The provisions of this ar- 
 ticle cannot be renounced. 
 
 ART. 267. Foreign comp mies at pressnt existing within the Re- 
 public hereby become subject to the provisions of this chapter, in so 
 far as the validity of their future acts is concerned. 
 
 TITLE VIII. OF BILLS OF EXCHANGE. 
 
 
 
 CHAPTER I FORM, TERMS, AND PAYMENT OF BILLS OF EXCHANGE. 
 
 ART. 449. A bill of exchange must be drawn from one place to 
 another, and supposes the existence beforehand of a contract of ex- 
 change. 
 
 ART. 450. A bill of exchange, as well as all the duties, obliga- 
 tions, and acts derived therefrom, are considered as having a mer- 
 cantile character. 
 
 ART. 451. The following are necessary requisites in all bills of ex- 
 change:
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. 295 
 
 I. The date; 
 
 II. The amount that has to be paid; 
 
 III. The name or firm name of the payee; 
 
 IV. The time of its payment; 
 
 V. The place where the payment is to be made; 
 
 VI. To whose order is the bill to be paid, stating the payee's 
 name or firm name; 
 
 VII. The manner and form in which the drawer has received its 
 value; and, 
 
 VIII. The signature of the drawer. 
 
 The other things that may be stated in a bill of exchange shall be 
 considered as optional. 
 
 ART. 452. The requisite as to date comprises a statement of the 
 place, day, month, and year in which the bill is drawn. 
 
 ART. 453. Money can only be subject matter of a bill of exchange, 
 and the amount that has to be paid thereunder must be expressed in 
 words, and not merely in figures. 
 
 ART. 454. The drawer may draw against his commission merchant 
 or his clerk; and if he is owner or has an interest in a business house 
 situated in a place different from his domicile, he may draw on 
 such a house. 
 
 ART. 455. A bill of exchange may be drawn payable at sight, at 
 a specified day or at a stated period. 
 
 ART. 456. A bill of exchange drawn payable at a stated period 
 roust specify whether said period is to be computed from the date 
 when drawn, or from the date of its presentation. 
 
 ART. 457. Every bill of exchange must be paid on the day of its 
 maturity before sunset. If the date of its maturity is a holiday, it 
 must be paid on the preceding day. 
 
 ART. 458. The periods in bills of exchange must be computed 
 from date to date. If, in the month of its maturity, there is no 
 date equivalent to the day on which it was drawn, the bill shall 
 become due the last day of the month. 
 
 ART. 459. A bill of exchange may be paid in a place different 
 from the domicile of the drawee. 
 
 ART. 460. Every bill of exchange is understood to contain the 
 words "to order," even if not stated therein. 
 
 ART. 461. A bill of exchange may not be drawn in favor of bearer
 
 296 CODE OP COMMERCE. 
 
 or of the drawee. When the bill is drawn in favor of the drawer 
 himself, it cannot be considered as valid or perfect, until it is indorsed 
 at a place different from that wherein it is to be paid. 
 
 ART. 462. If the bill of exchange does not state that the value 
 has been received in cash by the drawer, the one taking it will be 
 responsible for the amount of the bill in favor of the drawer, to exact 
 it or prove it, in the terms agreed upon in the contract of the bill 
 of exchange. When it is not determined in what manner, it shall 
 be considered that the value of the bill has been received in cash. 
 
 ART. 463. When the drawer does not know how to write, the 
 bill shall be drawn by means of a recorded deed. 
 
 ART. 464. Bills of exchange may be drawn on account of another 
 person, but under the responsibility of the person signing them. 
 
 ART. 465. Excepting managers of companies, who shall be under- 
 stood to be authorized thereto by the mere fact of their appointment, 
 all who shall place their signatures in the name of other persons on 
 bills of exchange, shall be authorized thereto by a power of attor- 
 ney from the persons in whose name they may act, stating that such 
 is the fact before their signature. 
 
 Persons taking and holding bills' of exchange shall have the 
 right to require that the signers thereof may show their power of 
 attorney. 
 
 ART. 466. No bill of exchange may be conditional, nor may its 
 payment be conditioned upon the death of a person. The words 
 "without notice" or "with notice beforehand" shall not be consid- 
 ered as conditions, and therefore such words may be stated in bills 
 of exchange. 
 
 ART. 467. Drawers shall not deny to persons taking bills of ex- 
 change the issuance of several copies thereof, if they ask them before 
 such bills become due, but stating thereon that they are such cop- 
 ies and the order in which they are given, and that they shall not 
 be valid, excepting in case that payment has not been effected by 
 virtue of the bill or of the copies issued theretofore. 
 
 ART. 468. If, through defect or intentionally, a bill of exchange 
 should be wanting in some of the requisites essential for the exist- 
 ence of the agreement, the act shall be null and void; and if it 
 should not be one of the essential requisites, then the bill of ex- 
 change shall be null and void, but the rights and obligations derived 
 from the contract to which it may relate shall subsist.
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. 297 
 
 CHAPTER II. PROVISION OF FUNDS. 
 
 ART. 469. The drawer of a bill of exchange is obliged to provide 
 the drawee, at the opportune moment, with funds sufficient to pay 
 the same. 
 
 ART. 470. The funds shall be provided by forwarding them, by 
 credit which the drawee may have opened to the drawer, or by in- 
 debtedness of the drawee in favor of the drawer, an agreement to 
 the contrary being excepted, in so far as this last case is concerned. 
 
 ART. 471. In order that funds may be provided at the opportune 
 time, it is necessary that such provision be made, or may be obtain- 
 able, and be ready on the day when the bill becomes due and at the 
 place where it is to be paid. 
 
 ART. 472. If a bill should be drawn on account of another pier- 
 son, the person on whose account the bill was drawn must provide 
 the funds thei-efor, though thereby the responsibility of the drawer 
 with regard to the taker and other transferees of the bill does not 
 cease, nor are the duties and obligations between the drawer and 
 the person on whose account the bill was drawn changed in any 
 way. 
 
 ART. 473. If a bill be not accepted or be not paid, the drawer 
 shall be responsible in a civil action for the damages resulting there- 
 from to the transferees of such bill. 
 
 In case that he should have drawn it on the account of another 
 person, the rights of the drawer shall be preserved as against the 
 person on \vh6se account the bill was drawn. 
 
 ART. 474. If the holder of a bill should not have presented it, 
 or should have omitted to protest in time and form, the responsibil- 
 ity of the drawer shall cease, provided that he proves that at the 
 time when the bill became due he had provided funds sufficient for 
 its payment, and the responsibility of reimbursement shall fall in 
 such case on the person who should appear liable therefor. 
 
 ART. 475. The ownership of the funds provided shall belong to 
 the holder of a bill, from the moment that it is accepted, saving the 
 case provided for in this Code when bankruptcy occurs, or when 
 fraud has taken place. 
 
 ART. 476. If the bill drawn on account of another person should 
 be paid by the drawee, despite the fact that no provision of funds 
 has been made, the latter shall have a right of action in 1 order to be
 
 298 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 reimbursed, as against the person on whose behalf he may have paid 
 the bill. 
 
 CHAPTER III. OF THE INDORSEMENT OF BILLS OF EXCHANGE. 
 
 ART. 477. The ownership of bills of exchange is ti m ansferred by 
 indorsement. 
 
 ART. 478. An indorsement, in order to be legal, must be dated, 
 state the condition under which the amount given is received, men- 
 tion the name of the person to whose order it is drawn, and be 
 written on the bill, a copy thereof, or on a leaf annexed to one or 
 the other. 
 
 ART. 479. An indorsement may be made in blank, merely with 
 the signature of the indorser, without any other indication what- 
 ever; but the rights derived from the same cannot be available, un- 
 less it is filled with all the requisites of an ordinary indorsement. 
 
 ART. 480. Bills of exchange may be indorsed before and after 
 their presentation, and before and after their maturity. 
 
 Defaced bills cannot be indorsed. 
 
 ART. 481. In no case may the exactness of the dates be altered. 
 Those making the alteration shall be responsible in a civil action 
 for the damages sustained thereby. The proof of the alteration of 
 the dates shall be made by the person who presents the objection. 
 
 ART. 482. All who indorse a bill of exchange, as well as those 
 who have signed or accepted it, are jointly responsible to the hold- 
 ers as guarantors of such bill. 
 
 ART. 483. A defect or alteration in any of the requisites necessary 
 for an ordinary indorsement, shall cause the indorsement to produce 
 merely the rights and obligations that are derived from the contract 
 which may have been executed. 
 
 CHAPTEE IV. OF PRESENTATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF BILLS OF 
 
 EXCHANGE. 
 
 ART. 484. In bills of exchange payable within Mexican territory 
 and drawn payable at sight or at a stated period, which has to be 
 computed from sight, previous presentation thereof is necessary. 
 
 In those drawn payable at a stated day, or at a period to be com- 
 puted from such time, previous presentation of the bill is optional. 
 
 ART. 485. In bills of exchange payable within Mexican territory
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. 299 
 
 and whose previous presentation is necessary, such presentation 
 must be made within the following periods, all being computed 
 from the date of such bills: 
 
 I. Within two months in bills drawn from any place situated 
 within the Mexican Republic. 
 
 II. Within three months in bills drawn from any place of the 
 United States of America or Europe. 
 
 III. Within four months in bills drawn from any other place. 
 ART. 486. When a bill is presented for its acceptance, the drawee 
 
 should accept it, or clearly i-efuse his acceptance on the same day as 
 the holder shall present it for that purpose, the drawee being per- 
 mitted to state the reason why he refuses to accept the bill. 
 
 ART. 487. The following are requisites for the acceptance of bills 
 of exchange: 
 
 I. The words "I accept," "We accept," or other equivalent words 
 that clearly indicate the acceptance; 
 
 II. The place and date of the acceptance; and, 
 
 III. The signature of the acceptor, or of the person who has suf- 
 ficient power to represent him. 
 
 ART. 488. If the bill presented for its acceptance has to be paid 
 in a place different from the residence of the acceptor, the domicile 
 where the payment is to be made should be stated in the acceptance. 
 
 ART. 489. If bills of exchange contain a statement as to other 
 persons from whom the acceptance must be demanded in default of 
 the drawee, the holder, after protesting with regard to those who 
 i-efu.se to accept, must demand acceptance from the other persons 
 mentioned in the bill. 
 
 ART. 490. Bills of exchange cannot be accepted conditionally, but 
 the acceptance may be limited to a smaller amount than the one 
 stated in them. In that case they may be protested for the re- 
 maider of the amount mentioned. 
 
 ART. 491. The acceptance of a bill of exchange obliges the ac- 
 ceptor to pay it, and no defense can be set up to defeat payment, ex- 
 cepting the falsity of the acceptance or of the bill itself. 
 
 ART. 492. If the holder of a bill does not present it for its accept- 
 ance in the cases when presentation thereof is obligatory, does not 
 collect it at maturity, or, in default of acceptance or payment, 
 does not have it protested on the succeeding business day, he
 
 300 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 shall lose all his rights as against the indorsers, and he will lose 
 them also as against the drawer, provided the latter proves that he 
 provided sufficient funds for its payment at the opportune moment. 
 
 ART. 493. Bills of exchange not presented within the legal periods 
 of time for their acceptance or payment, or not protested at the 
 proper time, shall be considered as past due. 
 
 ART. 494. The periods prescribed for the presentation, acceptance, 
 payment, or protests of bills of exchange, cannot run as against any 
 person under legal disability therefor, but the burden of proof as to 
 such disability shall be on the person alleging it. 
 
 ART. 495. Whoever, through their fault or neglect, permit bills 
 of exchange to become past due on any account, shall be responsible 
 for the consequences which may arise thereby. 
 
 CHAPTER V. OF GUARANTEE. 
 
 ART. 496. Guarantee as to a bill of exchange is understood to be 
 the mercantile security with which someone that has to do with such 
 bill guarantees its payment. 
 
 ART. 497. Such guarantee may be made to appear on the bill it- 
 self or in a separate document. 
 
 ART. 498. The person who executes a guarantee with regard to 
 a bill of exchange, is bound thereby with the limitations therein 
 stated, but if none are so stated, he shall have all the obligations 
 of an indorser. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. OF PAYMENT. 
 
 ART. 499. Bills of exchange must be collected and paid en the 
 day of their maturity. 
 
 ART. 500. By common consent the amount of a bill of exchange 
 may be paid and received before its maturity. 
 
 ART. 501. Any person paying a bill of exchange before its matu- 
 rity, shall be responsible of the validity of the payment. 
 
 ART. 502. A person who pays a bill of exchange \vhen it becomes 
 due and without opposition from any other person, supported by a 
 judicial writ, is presumed to have become legally relieved of his ob- 
 ligation. 
 
 ART. 503. The holder of a bill of exchange cannot refuse to re- 
 ceive a partial payment, though it may have been accepted for all 
 its value, and in such a case he must protest as to the amount un- 
 paid.
 
 COPE OF COMMERCE. 301 
 
 When a bill of exchange is not wholly paid, the holder must note 
 thereon the amount collected, give a separate receipt therefor, and 
 keep it in his possession until it be entirely paid. 
 
 ART. 504. Accepted bills of exchange shall be paid necessarily on 
 the copy which may contain the acceptance. 
 
 ART. 505. Bills of exchange not accepted may be paid after their 
 maturity on duplicates or other copies, whenever it is stated on the 
 latter that the payment on one of them nullifies the effect of the 
 original and of the other copies. 
 
 ART. 506. None of the persons who have had anything to do with 
 a bill of exchange may refuse, when it is lost, to lend their name 
 and their services in order that a new copy b issued, provided the 
 owner of the bill will pay the costs that may accrue in obtaining 
 such copy. 
 
 ART. 507. When a bill of exchange, whether accepted or not, is 
 lost, and of which bill there are no duplicates or other copies, beside 
 the right that the last holder thereof has to have it replaced by 
 those who should do so, he may: 
 
 I. Under his responsibility demand from the payor of the bill 
 to deposit the value of the bill on the day of its maturity in a 
 public establishment of credit, or in a business house in which 
 there is mutual confidence, or in any other designated by the judge 
 in case of disagreement; 
 
 II. To have the bill protested, if the payor refuses to deposit the 
 amount thereof, under the same rules as for the protest in case of 
 nonpayment; 
 
 III. To demand payment by virtue of a writ issued by the judi- 
 cial authority before whom the ownership of the letter may be 
 proven. 
 
 ART. 508. The payor ef a bill of exchange may require from the 
 holder thereof to be identified by someone residing in the place. 
 
 If the holder of a bill should refuse, or should not be able to have 
 himself identified, the payor thereof may deposit the amount of such 
 bill on the day when it becomes due, in a business house which he 
 can trust, if in the place there should be no public establishment of 
 credit: 
 
 ART. 509. Bills of exchange must be paid in the place and in the 
 legal current money therein mentioned.
 
 302 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 If the money mentioned in the bill should not be legal currency 
 in the Republic, it shall be paid in its equivalent in national money, 
 in conformity with the quotations had on the day when the bill be- 
 comes due. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. OP PROTESTS. 
 
 ART. 510. Bills of exchange must be protested for nonacceptance 
 and for nonpayment. 
 
 ART. 511. A protest should be successively made: 
 
 I. At the place mentioned in the bill for its acceptance or pay- 
 ment; . 
 
 II. At the domicile of the person who should accept or pay it; 
 
 III. At the domicile of the persons mentioned in the bill for ac- 
 ceptance or payment when necessary; 
 
 IV. At the domicile of the acceptor for honor. 
 
 In the absence of the drawee, of the persons to whom acceptance 
 is recommended, or of the acceptor for honor, the steps to be taken 
 for protesting a bill shall be effected with reference to their clerks, 
 family servants, or some neighbor whose house is open at the place 
 where such steps are to be taken. 
 
 ART. 512. Bills of exchange must be protested before a notary 
 public, and if there is none at the place, before the first political 
 authority thereof, in the presence of two witnesses. 
 
 ART. 513. The protest in writing must contain the following 
 requisites : 
 
 I. A literal reproduction of the bill of exchange, its acceptance, 
 indorsements, requests, and everything else therein contained; 
 
 II. The presentation of the bill of exchange for acceptance or pay- 
 ment, stating whether the person that ought to accept it or pay it 
 was present; 
 
 III. The reasons given for nonacceptance or nonpayment, if any 
 such were given ; 
 
 IV. The signature of the person on whom the presentation was 
 made, and a statement as to his impossibility or resistance to sign, 
 if there were any; 
 
 V. A statement of the place, date, and hour when the protest 
 was made; and, 
 
 VI. The signature of the person who authorizes the protest.
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. 303 
 
 ART. 514. A protest for nonacceptance shall be made on the day 
 following the presentation of the bill, and a protest for nonpayment 
 on the day following the date of its maturity. 
 
 If the days following the date of presentation, or when the 
 bill becomes due, are not business days, the protest shall be made on 
 the nearest business day. 
 
 ART. 515. If the person on whom the bill is drawn should be- 
 come insolvent, the bill may be protested for nonpayment, even be- 
 fore its maturity, as soon as such insolvency is declared. 
 
 ART. 516. A certified copy of the protest, if authorized by a 
 notary, shall be given to the holder of a bill of exchange; the orig- 
 inal protest, if authorized by the first political authority; and in 
 either case the bill itself shall be returned to him with an entry 
 thereon as to its having been protested for nonacceptance or non- 
 payment, such entry being dated and signed by the person who may 
 have authorized the protest. 
 
 ART. 517. The notary, or the political authority that should have 
 made the protest in his place, shall keep the bill in his possession, 
 without delivering it or the protest to the holder, until the sunset 
 of the day when it was made. Meanwhile the pay or has the right 
 to present himself to pay the amount of the bill and the expenses 
 of the protest. 
 
 ART. 518. The legal effects of a protest are: 
 
 I. To impose on the person who gave rise to it the responsibility 
 for expenses and damages; 
 
 II. To preserve the causes of action existing in favor of the holder 
 against the persons who may be responsible, owing to the drawing of 
 the bill. 
 
 ART. 519. A renouncement or any other clause which may do 
 away with the obligation to protest a bill must be considered as of 
 no force or effect. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. OF ACCEPTANCE AND PAYMENT FOR HONOR. 
 
 ART. 520. After a bill is protested for nonacceptance or nonpay- 
 ment, the acceptance or payment of another person for honor shall 
 be allowed. 
 
 ART. 521. The acceptance or payment for honor shall be stated 
 immediately after the protest, mentioning the person who may so
 
 304 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 have honored the bill, and it must be subscribed by the person 
 honoring it with the notary, or first political authority and two wit- 
 nesses who must witness the act of presentation of the bill. 
 
 ART. 522. If several persons should present themselves to honor 
 a bill, the person through whose honoring the bill would relieve a 
 greater number of the persons liable under the bill shall be accepted. 
 
 ART. 523. Any person who, after not having accepted a bill, for 
 which the same shall have been protested, shall present himself to 
 pay it when due, shall be permitted to make such payment inp ref- 
 erence to a person who merely wishes to pay it for honor. 
 
 ART. 524. A person accepting a bill of exchange to honor the 
 parties thereto is obliged : 
 
 I. To pay the bill, the same as if it had been drawn against him; 
 
 II. To give notice of his acceptance, by the next mail, to the per- 
 son for whose honor he may have accepted the bill. 
 
 ART. 525. An acceptance for honor, while the bill remains un- 
 paid, does not deprive the holder thereof of the rights that he may 
 have against the other persons liable under the bill. 
 
 ART. 526. A person paying a bill to honor the parties to- it be- 
 comes subrogated to the rights of the holder, with the following limi- 
 tations: 
 
 I. If be pays it on account of the drawer, the latter shall only be 
 liable for the amounts disbursed; 
 
 II. If he pays it on account of the taker or any of the indorsers, 
 he shall have the right to collect from the person for whose honor 
 he made the payment, and all the others liable under the bill prior 
 to such person ; 
 
 III. A person paying for honor bills past due, cannot be subro- 
 gated greater rights than those which may be derived from bills 
 past due. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. RIGHTS OF THE HOLDER OF A BILL OF Ex 
 
 4 
 
 CHANGE. 
 
 ART. 527. All those who execute a bill of exchange are jointly 
 liable to the holder thereof for its amount, interest, costs of pro- 
 test, and other legitimate expenses. 
 
 Interest must be computed from the first business day when it 
 may be protested for nonpayment.
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. 305 
 
 ART. 528. The holder of a bill of .exchange protested in due time 
 and form, may have a right of action against all persons who exe- 
 cuted it or against each one of them. 
 
 The indorser who pays a bill has the same right as against the 
 prior indorsers, and as against the drawer of the bill. 
 
 When an action arising from a bill of exchange has been instituted 
 against some of the persons liable thereon, it cannot be commenced 
 against the rest, excepting in case of the partial or total insolvency 
 of the defendant, and until the complete reimbursement of the bill is 
 obtained. 
 
 ART. 529. When a bill of exchange has been protested for non- 
 acceptance, the rights of action arising therefor may be exercised, 
 in order that the value thereof may be secured or deposited before 
 it becomes due. 
 
 ART. 530. Excepting those to whom the bill may have been pre- 
 sented for protest, all the other persons who may have had some- 
 thing to do with the bill shall be notified when protested, either for 
 nonacceptance or for nonpayment, by notices which shall be for- 
 warded by the notaries public or first public authority who may 
 have legalized such protest. 
 
 Parties concerned in bills of exchange, who may reside in the 
 same place where the protest is made, shall be notified tnereof in the 
 form stated and on the day following the date of such protest. 
 
 To those residing outside of the place, the notice shall be for- 
 warded them by the next mail, as registered letter, and with the di- 
 rections given by the holder of the bill. 
 
 The officer legalizing the protest shall below it state that he has 
 notified the same, in the form and terms prescribed by this article. 
 
 ART. 531. The drawer, as well as any of the indorsers of a pro- 
 tested bill, may require, as soon as they shall receive notice of the 
 protest, that the holder may receive the amount thereof, with legit- 
 imate expenses, and may deliver the bill and account of expenses. 
 
 If the drawer and indorsers shall coriie at the same time to make 
 the reimbursement, the drawer shall be preferred; and when the in- 
 dorsers merely come, the one who is of a prior date. 
 
 ART. 532. When the bill is not presented, protested, or notice 
 thereof is given, in the form and terms respectively prescribed by 
 this Code, excepting cases of superior force, there shall be lost: 
 
 19
 
 306 CODE OP COMMERCE. 
 
 I. By the holder of the bill", all his rights against the indorsers 
 thereof ; 
 
 II. By the indorsers, each one in what concerns him his riglit of 
 action against his respective transferor; 
 
 III. The holders and indorsers shall lose their rights against the 
 drawer, whenever the latter proves that, at the maturity of the bill, 
 he had provided the funds necessary for its payment. In this case 
 the holder shall merely have a cause of action against the drawee. 
 
 ART. 533. Even when the bill of exchange is past due, the holder 
 thereof shall have a right of action against any of those liable on the 
 bill, who unduly retains in his power the funds necessary- for its 
 payment. 
 
 ART. 534. The rights of action which arise from bills of exchange 
 to require in their respective cases the payment or security of their 
 value, shall permit the issuance of an attachment, provided first 
 judicial proof be had of the defendant's signature. 
 
 The proof of the signature shall not be necessary to allow the is- 
 suance of attachments against the acceptor. 
 
 ART. 535. As against the issuance of attachments under bills of 
 exchange no other exceptions can be permitted but those of forgery, 
 nullity, payment, compensation of a liquidated or summary judicial 
 credit, limitation or lapse of the bill, delay or acquittance given by 
 the plaintiff, \vhich is to be proved by recorded deed or private doc- 
 ument proven in court. Any other exception shall be reserved, to 
 be heard in the ordinary proceedings, which shall take place when 
 the summary proceedings may be declared not to be applicable to 
 the case. 
 
 ART. 536. The amount that a creditor may deduct, or for which 
 he may give acquittance to the debtor of a bill of exchange, shall 
 be understood as deducted also from the other persons liable under 
 the bill. 
 
 CHAPTER X. OF RE-EXCHANGE AND RETURN BILL. 
 
 ART. 537. The holder of a bill of exchange which is not paid at 
 its maturity and duly protested may reimburse himself of the amount 
 that may be owing to him, by means of a bill drawn at sight against 
 the drawer, or against any of the indorsers. This operation is called 
 "re-exchange" and the new bill "return bill."
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. 307 
 
 The person who pays a return bill may reimburse himself in the 
 same manner as the prior persons liable under the original bill. 
 
 ART. 538. The return bill must be accompanied by the original 
 bill of exchange, by the certificate of its protest, and by the account 
 of the return bill. 
 
 ART. 539. The account of the return bill must indicate: 
 
 I. The total amount of the original bill of exchange with the in- 
 terest from the date of its maturity; 
 
 II. The expenses of protest, commission, brokerage, revenue 
 stamps, and letter postage; 
 
 III. The pei-son against whom the return bill is drawn; and. 
 
 IV. The price of re-exchange. 
 
 ART. 540. The price of re-exchange is determined as regards the 
 drawer by the current exchange quoted, as between the place where 
 the bill is payable and tlie place on which it is drawn; and with re- 
 gard to the indorsers, by the current exchange quoted between 
 the place where the bill was delivered,' or negotiated by the in- 
 dorsers, and that on which the return bill is drawn. 
 
 ART. 541. The price of re-exchange shall be certified by a broker, 
 and in the places where there is none, by two merchants. 
 
 ART. 542. Several accounts for the return bill cannot be made 
 on the same bill. Said accounts of the return bill shall be paid in 
 turn by each one of the indorsers, and lastly by the drawer. 
 
 ART. 543. Re-exchanges may not be accumulated on the same bill. 
 Each one of tlie indorsers shall bear what corresponds to him, and 
 thus successively up to the drawer. 
 
 ART. 544. Interest on the expenses of protest and other legiti- 
 mate expenses comprised in the return bill account, do not begin to 
 be due until the day when the judicial proceedings are instituted. 
 
 TITLE IX. OF DRAFTS, DUEBILLS, PROMISSORY NOTES, 
 CHECKS, AND LETTERS OF CREDIT. 
 
 CHAPTER I. OF DRAFTS, DUEBILLS, AND PROMISSORY NOTES. 
 
 ART. 545. A draft contains a contract, not of exchange, whereby 
 some person is ordered to pay or deliver a certain sum to the order 
 of another person. 
 
 A duebill contains the obligation of a mei-chant to deliver to the 
 order of another merchant a certain amount of money or goods.
 
 308 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 ART. 546. Drafts, duebills, and promissory notes drawn to order 
 must contain: 
 
 I. The date and place of their execution; 
 
 II. The name and signature of the person liable thereunder; 
 
 III. The amount of money or goods tliat are to be delivered; 
 
 IV. The date and place where the delivery is to be made; 
 
 V. The person to whose order the document is drawn; 
 
 VI. The mercantile operation, out of which they arise, if they are 
 not executed by one merchant in favor of another merchant; 
 
 VII. If their value has been received, agreed upon, on account, or 
 proceeds from some other operation. 
 
 ART. 547. Promissory notes not drawn to the order of someone 
 are not mercantile documents; wherefore they do not give rise to any 
 other causes of action, but the ordinary one which the holder thereof 
 may have against the person executing such documents, because the 
 latter may owe him a certain amount in money or goods, inde- 
 pendently of the right of 'action which the promissory note may 
 have given rise to, if said promissory note had been drawn to the 
 order of anyone. 
 
 ART. 548. Promissory notes not drawn to order may not be in- 
 dorsed, and any indorsement made thereon is null and does not 
 give rise to any right of action. 
 
 ART. 549. All the provisions referring to bills of exchange 
 about maturity, indorsement, payment, protest, and others appro- 
 priate, are applicable to drafts, duebills, promissory notes, and 
 orders in writing. 
 
 ART. 550. An omission to protest a promissory note frees the in- 
 dorsers, but not the person drawing and signing it, who has all the 
 obligations of the drawer and drawee. 
 
 ART. 551. Duebills and promissoiy notes cannot be drawn at 
 sight and to bearer, excepting subject to and in conformity with 
 the law concerning "Institutions of Credit." 
 
 CHAPTER II. OF CHECKS. 
 
 ART. 552. Any person who has any sum of money at his disposal 
 in possession of a merchant or of an establishment of credit, may 
 dispose of it in his own favor or in favor of a third person, by means 
 of an order of payment called "check."
 
 CODE OP COMMERCE. 309 
 
 ART. 553. A check must contain: 
 
 I. The designation of the place and date of its execution; 
 
 II. The name of the merchant, company, or bank on whom 'it is 
 drawn; 
 
 III. The name of the person in whose favor it is drawn, or a 
 statement to the effect that it is payable to bearer; 
 
 IV. The sum drawn, stated in words and figures; 
 V. The name and signature of the drawer. 
 
 ART. 554. In order that a check may be valid, it is furthermore 
 necessary : 
 
 I. That the drawer may have funds of his own at his disposal in 
 the possession of the merchant, company, or bank, at least equal to 
 the amount stated in the check, at the date when it was drawn: 
 
 II. That he should be authorized to dispose of his funds in that 
 manner. 
 
 ART. 555. Checks shall be separated from stub books that the 
 merchants, companies, or banks may deliver to their creditors in 
 account current or by deposit, for the purpose of authorizing them 
 to draw in that form. 
 
 ART. 556 , Checks drawn in favor of a specific person cannot be 
 indorsed. Those drawn payable to bearer may be transferred by 
 simple delivery thereof. 
 
 ART. 557. Checks are not susceptible of being accepted or pro- 
 tested, nor may their payment be suspended or refused merely 
 from a failure of notice from the drawer, if he has funds in hands 
 of the drawee. In case that they do not fill the legal requisites, 
 the drawee may refuse to pay the checks, stating on their back 
 the reasons for such refusal. 
 
 ART. 558. The holder of a check should present it for payment 
 within the eight days immediately following its date, if it is drawn in 
 the same city. To that period of time a day may be added for each 
 100 kilometers of distance between the place where the check was 
 drawn and where it is to be paid, if they are different. 
 
 ART. 559. The holder or owner of a check not presented within 
 the legal period, shall lose all his rights of action against the drawer, 
 if, through insolvency or suspension of payments of the drawee, oc- 
 curing after said period, said document should not be paid. 
 
 ART. 560. The payment of checks in favor of a stated person
 
 310 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 shall be evidenced by the receipt thereof placed on the back by said 
 person. The latter, if unknown, must prove his identity, as is pre- 
 scribed with reference to bills of exchange. The payment of 
 checks to bearer may be evidenced by the mere fact of the drawee 
 having them in his possession, and the same of those that may be 
 drawn simultaneously in favor of a stated person or bearer. 
 
 ART. 561. A drawee is not responsible for the abuses committed 
 with the checks given to his creditors to draw on him, provided it is 
 shown that the check paid is of those that he gave; nor may he de- 
 tain, without, a judicial order, the payment of a check drawn to 
 order, on the ground of its having been lost or stolen. 
 
 ART. 562. By the mere fact of the drawee having refused to pay 
 a check drawn against him, the holder or owner thereof may avail 
 himself of his rights of action to require by summary proceedings 
 from the drawer the return of the amount of the check and the 
 corresponding indemnity or damages. 
 
 ART. 563. The same causes of action, and in the same form, belong 
 to the drawer of the check against the drawee who refused payment, 
 whenever the fault of the latter does not consist in the omission of 
 any of the requisites specified in the foregoing articles. 
 
 CHAPTER III. LETTERS OF CREDIT. 
 
 ART. 564. A letter of credit is a document given by a merchant 
 in favor of another person and against another merchant, requesting 
 him to deliver to such person the money that he may ask up to a 
 certain specified amount, and within a specifically stated period. 
 
 ART. 565. A letter of credit may not be executed to bearer nor 
 to the order of anyone, but in favor of a specified person. The lat- 
 ter is obliged to prove his identity, if the payor should require it. 
 
 ART. 566. When the maximum of the sum stated in the letter of 
 credit has been delivered to the holder, or when the period therein 
 mentioned has expired, the letter is no longer valid. 
 
 ART. 567. Letters of credit should not be accepted, nor may they 
 be protested in whole or in part. The holders of such letters have 
 no rights to enforce against the persons to whom they are addressed, 
 if th'-y should not comply therewith in their entirety or partially. 
 
 ART. 568. Neither may the holder of a letter of credit have any 
 right to enforce against the merchant who gave him the letter, un-
 
 CODE OF COMMERCE. 311 
 
 less he has left the amount thereof in his possession, has given 
 him security therefor, or is his creditor up to said amount, because in 
 those cases such merchant will be responsible to him for the amount 
 specified in said letter and the damages accruing, excepting in case 
 of the insolvency of the merchant to whom the letter is addressed, 
 provided that the one signing it should not know of such insolvency, 
 at the date when the letter was delivered. 
 
 ART. 569. If the letter of credit is only partly complied with, the 
 preceding provisions shall be applicable in a relative manner. 
 
 ART. 570. A person who gives a letter of credit is under the ob- 
 ligation to repay the payor the sum that he may have delivered by 
 virtue thereof, provided the amount paid does not exceed the sum 
 stated in the letter, and the payment has not been effected after the 
 .period stated therein. 
 
 ART. 571. If the holder of a letter of credit has not deposited the 
 amount mentioned therein, given security therefor, or is a creditor 
 to that amount of the person giving such letter, the latter may at 
 any time revoke his order given to the payor. 
 
 ART. 572. The holder of a letter of credit is under the obligation 
 to repay to the person signing the letter of credit the sum that he 
 may have collected, the exchange of money, if there should be any, 
 and the interest agreed upon or that of six per cent, if no agreement 
 exists as to interest. 
 
 ART. 573. The holder of a letter of credit who receives its total 
 or partial amount must deliver it to the payor with the correspond- 
 ing receipt. 
 
 ART. 574. If the holder has not made use of the letter of credit 
 within the time stated therein, he must return it to the person who 
 gave it, or in default thereof a receipt from the person to whom it 
 was addressed; and while this is not done, he is obliged to give se- 
 curity for or deposit the amount of such letter. 
 
 ART. 575. Letters of credit may be given for the delivery to the 
 holder of merchandise or other things of value; in such cases, the 
 respective obligation shall be computed by the price of these things 
 
 or merchandise. 
 
 TITLE XIII. OF MONEY. 
 
 ART. 635. The basis of mercantile money is the Mexican dollar, 
 and upon that basis shall all the operations of business and all ex- 
 changes be effected.
 
 312 CODE OF COMMERCE. 
 
 ART. 636. This same basis shall serve for all contracts made 
 abroad and that are to be fulfilled in the Mexican Republic, as well 
 as for the money drawn from other countries. 
 
 ART. 637. Foreign money, either in metal or currency, shall not 
 have any other value in the Republic than its market value. 
 
 ART. 638. No one may be obliged to receive foreign money. 
 
 ART. 639. Paper money, bank notes, and titles of foreign debt, 
 may not be the object of mercantile acts in the Republic, unless 
 they are merely considered as simple merchandise; but they may be 
 the object of purely civil contracts. 
 
 TITLE XIV. OF INSTITUTIONS OF CREDIT. 
 
 ART. 640. Institutions of credit shall be regulated by a special 
 law, and while said law is issued, none of such institutions may be 
 established in the Republic, without obtaining previous authoriza- 
 tion therefor from the Treasury Department, and without having a 
 contract relative thereto approved, in every such case, by the Con- 
 gress of the Union.
 
 CIVIL CODE OF THE FEDERAL DISTRICT. 
 
 The Civil Code of the Federal District now in force was approved 
 on the 31st of March, 1884, and took effect on June 1 of the same 
 year. It repealed the Civil Code approved December 13, 1870, and 
 all former civil laws. The Civil Code is only applicable in the Fed- 
 eral District and the Territories of Lower California and Tepic. 
 The States have their separate legislation, but most of them have 
 adopted the Civil Code of the Federal District, with slight modifi- 
 cations and amendments. 
 
 The following general principles laid down in said Civil Code are 
 to be found in the Civil Codes of nearly all the States, and may be 
 useful for reference: 
 
 PRELIMINARY TITLE. OF THE LAW AND ITS EFFECTS, WITH THE 
 GENERAL RULES FOR ITS APPLICATION. 
 
 ART. 1. Civil law is equal for all, without distinction of persons 
 or sexes, excepting in the cases specifically prescribed. 
 
 ART. 2. .All laws, regulations, circulars, or any other general legal 
 provisions, for general observance, issued by the authorities, shall be 
 binding and take effect on the day of their promulgation, in the 
 places wherein it should be made. 
 
 ART. 3. If the law, regulation, circular, or other general legal 
 provision, fixes the day when it must begin to be observed, it shall 
 be binding from that day, even if published before. 
 
 ART. 4. In order that a law, regulation, circular, or general legal 
 provision, shall be considered as promulgated and binding at the 
 places where the authority who makes the promulgation does not 
 reside, the time shall be computed at the rate of one day for each 
 twenty kilometers of distance; if there should be a fraction that ex- 
 ceeds one-half the distance already stated, one more d&y shall be 
 computed. 
 
 ART. 5. No law nor prescription of the government shall have a 
 retroactive effect.
 
 314 CIVIL CODE OF THE FEDERAL DISTRICT. 
 
 ART. 6. The renouncement of laws in general is of no avail, nor 
 is the special renouncement of prohibitive laws or of public interest- 
 
 ART. 7. Acts executed against the tenor of prohibitive laws shall 
 be null and void, if said laws do not provide otherwise. 
 
 ART. 8. A law is not abrogated or repealed, except by another 
 succeeding or posterior law. 
 
 ART. 9. Lack of use, custom, or a contrary practice cannot be 
 alleged as against the observance of a law. 
 
 ART. 10. Laws that establish exceptions to general rules are not 
 applicable to any case that is not expressly specified in the laws 
 themselves. 
 
 ART. 11. Judicial capacity is acquired by a person from his birth; 
 but from the moment that an individual is procreated he is consid- 
 ered under the protection of the law, and he is held as born for 
 the purposes specified in this Code. 
 
 ART. 12. Laws regarding the condition' and capacity of persons 
 are obligatory on Mexicans of the Federal District and Territory of 
 Lower California, even when residing abroad, with regards to the 
 acts that are to be executed wholly, or in part, within the District 
 and Territory already mentioned. 
 
 ART. 13. With regard 'to real estate situated in the Federal Dis- 
 trict and in Lower California, Mexican laws . shall be applicable 
 thereto, even if owned by foreigners. 
 
 ART. 14. With regard to the form or external formalities of con- 
 tracts, wills, and every recorded document, the laws of the country 
 where they were executed shall be applicable thereto. Nevertheless, 
 Mexicans or foreigners, residing outside of the Federal District or of 
 California, shall be free to bind themselves according to the forms 
 and formalities prescribed by Mexican law, in those cases where the 
 act has to be executed within said District or Territory. 
 
 ART. 15. Laws which affect public policy and good customs can- 
 not be altered or avoided, as far as their effects are concerned, by 
 any agreement entered into between private parties. 
 
 ART. 16. The obligations and rights arising from contracts or 
 wills executed abroad, by Mexicans of the District and California, 
 shall be regulated by the provisions of this Code, whenever said 
 acts have to be performed within said District and Territory. 
 
 ART. 17. If the contracts or wills referred to in the foregoing
 
 CIVIL CODE OF THE FEDERAL DISTRICT. 315 
 
 article should be executed by a foreigner and should have to be ex- 
 ecuted within the District or California, the persons executing them 
 shall be free to select the law to which the internal solemnity of the 
 act must be subject, if the "property in question is of a personal na- 
 ture. As far as real property is concerned, the provisions of article 
 13 must be complied with. 
 
 ART. 18. The presentation of bills and the adoption of laws are 
 regulated by the prescriptions of the political Constitution of the 
 Republic. 
 
 ART. 19. A person relying for his rights on foreign laws must 
 prove their existence and their application to the case under consid- 
 eration. 
 
 ART. 20. Whenever a judicial controversy cannot be decided, 
 either by a literal construction or by its spirit or a liberal construc- 
 tion thereof, it must be decided according to the general principles 
 of law, as applied to the circumstances of the case. 
 
 ART. 21. In case of a conflict of judicial principles, and when 
 there is no express law for a special case, the controversy shall be 
 decided in favor of the person who tries to avoid sustaining damage, 
 and not in favor of the person who wishes to obtain gain. Tf the 
 conflict is between two equal legal principles, or of the same class, 
 the decision shall be rendered so as to give the greatest equity pos- 
 sible between the parties concerned. 
 
 ART. 22. Ignorance of laws duly promulgated cannot serve as an 
 excuse, and may not benefit anyone. 
 
 FIRST BOOK. OF PERSONS. 
 TITLE FIRST. OF MEXICANS AND FOREIGNERS. 
 
 ART. 23. Mexicans are those persons specified in article 30; for- 
 eigners are thos.e specified in article 33; and citizens, those specified 
 in article 34 of the political Constitution of the Mexican United 
 States. 
 
 ART. 24. Change of nationality does not produce retroactive 
 effects. 
 
 ART. 25. All Mexicans, as well as all foreigners, residing in the 
 District or in California, may be sued before the courts of this coun- 
 try, on account of any obligations which they may have contracted 
 with Mexicans or foreigners, within or outside of the Republic.
 
 316 CIVIL CODE OF THE FEDERAL DISTRICT. 
 
 ART. 26. They may also be sued before said courts, even if they 
 do not reside in the places already mentioned, if they have therein 
 any property affected by the obligations contracted, or if the same 
 have to be executed in said places. 
 
 TITLE SECOND. OF DOMICILE. 
 
 ART. 27. The domicile of a person is the place where he custom- 
 arily resides; in default thereof, it is the place where he has the 
 principal office for his business. In default of one or the other, the 
 domicile of a person is considered to be the place where he may be 
 found. 
 
 ART. 28. Public employes have their domicile at the place where 
 they perform their duties. Those who accidentally find themselves 
 in a town performing some commission, do not thereby acquire a 
 domicile there, but they keep the one corresponding to them in 
 conformity with the first portion of article 27, if they have no fixed 
 place for the performance of their duties. 
 
 ART. 29. Persons in active military service have their domicile in 
 the place wherein they may serve. 
 
 ART. 30. The domicile of a minor not declared of age is the domi- 
 cile of the person under whose charge he is by virtue of the law. 
 
 ART. 31. The domicile of a minor not under the control of his 
 parents, and of a person of age but under disability, is the domicile 
 of the guardian. 
 
 ART. 32. The domicile of a married woman, if not legally sepa- 
 rated from her husband, is the domicile of the latter; if she is sepa- 
 rated, it is subject to the rules established in the preceding articles. 
 
 ART. 33. Individuals serving a person and residing at his or her 
 house, whether they are minors or of age, have the domicile of the 
 persons whom they serve; but if they are minoi's, and have prop- 
 erty in charge of a guardian, their domicile, as far as that property 
 is concerned, is that of their guardian. 
 
 ART. 34. The domicile of persons sentenced to suffer punishment 
 in some specified place, is the town where they may endure their 
 sentence, as far as the judicial relations after the sentence are con- 
 cerned; as far as the former ones are concerned, they shall pre- 
 serve the last which they may have had. 
 
 ART. 35. The wife and children of one under sentence of impris-
 
 CIVIL CODE OF THE FEDERAL DISTRICT. 317 
 
 onment, who do not accompany him to the place where he may be 
 confined, cannot have as domicile the one of the husband and father, 
 but their own in conformity with the regulations established in the 
 foregoing articles. 
 
 ART. 36. The domicile of corporations, companies, and establish- 
 ments constituted under the law, is the place where their manage- 
 ment or direction is situated; excepting when their by-laws or spe- 
 cial laws shoul'.l provide otherwise, provided that the domicile therein 
 mentioned may be within the territorial district subject to this Code. 
 
 ART. 37. The regulations about domicile established in the pre- 
 ceding articles, do not deprive parties of the right which they have 
 to fix the place where the obligation has to be performed, or in which 
 they may be considered as domiciled, provided that such designa- 
 tion is not prohibited by law. 
 
 TITLE THIRD. OF MORAL PERSONS. 
 
 ART. 38. The following are moral persons and as such have a ju- 
 dicial standing: 
 
 I. The Nation, the States, and the Municipalities. 
 
 Hi Temporary or perpetual companies or corporations established 
 for some purpose or for some object of public utility, or of public 
 and private utility jointly. 
 
 Til. Civil or mercantile companies organized in conformity with 
 the law. 
 
 ART. 39. No company or corporation has any standing before the 
 law, if not legally authorized or permitted. 
 
 ART. 40. Companies or corporations that have a standing before 
 the law, may exercise all civil rights relative to th legitimate inter- 
 ests of their organization. 
 
 ART. 41. No moral person may enjoy the privileges which the 
 laws grant* to those under some disability. 
 
 ART. 42. Companies of private interest are subject to the pre- 
 scriptions applicable to partnership.
 
 THE SANITARY CODE. 
 
 The Sanitary Code was approved on the 15th day of July, 1891. 
 Some of its provisions took effect on the 1st of August, 1891, others 
 on the 14th of November, 1891, and the remainder on the 1st of 
 January, 1892. It is now in force and is applicable throughout the 
 whole Republic. 
 
 The following provisions of said Code may prove useful for refer- 
 ence: 
 
 TITLE I. 
 
 CHAPTER I. OF PORTS. 
 
 ART. 14. Mexican Consuls abroad, when issuing the documents 
 referred to in article 61 and those on the same subject^n the Gen- 
 eral Ordinance for Custom Houses at present in force, must like- 
 wise issue for any ship destined to one or more ports of the Repub- 
 lic, a bill of health in the terms specified in the special regulations 
 and circulars relative thereto, with the understanding that the 
 declaration as to health must be made by the appropriate Board, if 
 there should be one in the locality, and that the duties of the Consul 
 in that regard consist merely in certifying to the legal existence of 
 the Board of Health and authenticity of the declaration thereof, or 
 that there is no such Board at the port from which the vessel may 
 sail. For each patent that the Consul may issue in that regard 
 they shall charge two dollars. 
 
 ART. 15. All vessels arriving at the ports shall be visited and 
 examined, without which requisite no communication shall be held 
 with them, nor will any person nor any portion of the cargo be per- 
 mitted to be landed, in conformity with article 70, subdivision 1, of 
 the Custom House Ordinance. 
 
 The visit shall immediately be made to every vessel, including 
 men-of-war, from sunrise to sunset, and even at night, whenever 
 the case is urgent, as upon the arrival of mails, shipwrecks, and 
 forced arrival. 
 (318)
 
 SANITARY LAWS. 319 
 
 
 The Executive may exempt from the visit and examination any 
 
 vessels that are not required to carry a bill of health, whenever 
 no danger to the public health may accrue thereby. 
 
 This exemption shall not be absolute and shall cease completely 
 whenever some sickness exist which might be propagated in the coast 
 or places in the nearest vicinity. 
 
 ART. 19. Maritime quarantines are proper with regard to Asiatic 
 cholera, yellow fever, or other disease that the Executive may con- 
 sider as causing alai'm, after having received a report thereon from 
 the Board; and they are divided according to the urgency of the 
 danger into rigorous quarantine* or of simple observation; the first, 
 that shall be observed at the port where a lazaretto may be estab- 
 lished, shall consist in the transfer of the passengers and crew to 
 such lazaretto, in the discharge of the ship at the same point or at 
 an appropriate place, in its disinfection and that of the merchandise 
 and baggage; the second class shall consist merely in preventing free 
 communication with the vessel for a period of time, which depends 
 on the duration of the disease prevailing, and in the disinfection of 
 the clothing and articles susceptible of transmitting the infection 
 whenever it may be deemed proper. 
 
 ART. 20. The reasons which shall determine whether one or 
 another class of quarantine shall be adopted shall be, for rigorous 
 quarantine: the existence of sick person on board during the voyage 
 or upon the arrival of the vessel, the mere coming from a place in- 
 fested or suspected of having the disease, or the fact of having touched 
 at some port in which either of these circumstances exist. 
 
 ART. 21. Quarantines of observation may be reduced even to 
 three days when the duration of^ the voyage has been equal or 
 greater than the initiatory stage of the disease whose spreading it is 
 intended to prevent, provided that the condition of the vessel may 
 be good and that it may bring a physician on board. 
 
 ART. 22. Quarantines for yellow fever from foreign ports must be 
 instituted at all places of the Mexican Coast, even where the black 
 vomit may be epidemic, during those periods when no cases of that 
 disease may exist at the port of arrival. 
 
 ART. 23. The conditions under which quarantine for yellow fever 
 may be established are the following: That the resti-ictioris must 
 principally be made with reference to the merchandise, baggage, and
 
 320 SANITARY LAWS. 
 
 
 
 vessel, and that all of these things must be thoroughly, disinfected. 
 With regard to the passengers, they shall merely be obliged to remain 
 on board during a quarantine oFobservation, and, rather than keep 
 those in good health at the lazaretto, in case of rigorous quarantine, 
 it shall be preferable to oblige them, after having had their clothing 
 and baggage disinfected, to be transferred immediately to a place 
 which, owing to its elevation above the level of the sea, may be free 
 from epidemics of that disease. 
 
 ART. 24. In cases of yellow fever the quarantines of observation 
 must last from seven to ten days, and in cases of rigorous quarantines, 
 from ten to fifteen full days. 
 
 ART. 25. Quarantines for cholera shall take effect with regard to 
 persons and to things; the cases of choleric diarrhea must be care- 
 fully inquired into and those subject to it must be classed as 
 suffering cholera. 
 
 ART. 26. Quarantines of observation in cases of cholera may last 
 up to seven days, and rigorous quarantines from seven to ten full 
 days, and the disinfection referred to in article 19 must be carried 
 into effect. 
 
 ART. 27. As regards other infecto-contagious diseases, the provis- 
 ions of prophilaxy shall consist in sanitary inspection, keeping the 
 sick apart until they have entirely recovered, at the lazarettos if 
 there should be any, or in separate dwellings apart from the locality, 
 and in the disinfection of the articles and merchandise that may 
 require such disinfection. 
 
 ART. 28. All things very dangerous for contagious diseases and 
 whose disinfection does not offer any security, shall be destroyed 
 by fire. 
 
 ART. 29. The disinfection of other things or substances suscepti- 
 ble of being contaminated, shall be made under the conditions deter- 
 mined by special regulations. 
 
 ART. 30. Whenever any vessel shall leave a Mexican port, the 
 proper Board, or one of the persons constituting it whom such Board 
 may designate, shall make the visit prior to the sailing of the vessel 
 and shall issue the bill of health in conformity with articles 15, 16> 
 and 17.
 
 SANITARY .LAWS. 321 
 
 CHAPTER II. OP LAZARETTOS. 
 
 ART. 31. At the ports designated by the Executive, lazarettos 
 shall be established, the same to be subject in their construction, 
 conditions, and management to the provisions of special regulations. 
 
 TITLE II. SANITARY SEEVICE IN FRONTIER TOWNS. 
 
 ART. 32. Land quarantines shall only be proper in regard to 
 Asiatic cholera or to any other epidemic which may be considered 
 by the Executive as causing alarm, after a report thereon by the 
 Board, and shall consist in sanitary cordons. 
 
 ART. 33. These cordons shall be situated at points that may over- 
 look traffic, the persons composing them to be located at a distance 
 of four kilometers from an inhabited place, and when the situation 
 of the locality does not permit such an arrangement, then at the 
 greatest pgssible distance. 
 
 SEC. 34. The duration of a quarantine, however it may be ap- 
 plied, shall be se ve days, and shall be spent by the passengers in' 
 appropriate places, situated at some distance from the cordon and 
 from the nearest town, and therein shall be carried out the disinfec- 
 tion of the merchandise and articles that may require it. 
 
 ART. 35. Whenever it should not be possible to establish a 
 quarantine for the period % mentioned, it shall be substituted by a 
 rigorous medical inspection and the appropriate disinfection of the 
 passengers, animals, merchandise, and other articles susceptible of 
 being contaminated. 
 
 ART. 36. Foreign cattle, or their parts, that enter into Mexico 
 shall come provided with a certificate to the effect that they do not 
 bring any infecto-contagious disease, issued by a veterinary legally 
 authorized thereto; this document shall be certified to by the Mexi- 
 can Consul residing in the State whence the cattle are to be sent. 
 
 ART. 37. The health certificates to which reference is had in the 
 foregoing article do not free the cattle from being examined regard- 
 ing their health by Mexican veterinary surgeons, such examination 
 to be made at places situated in such a manner as to prevent the 
 propagation of diseases that may be transmissible. 
 
 ART. 38. If upon examination it shall be determined that the 
 animals are liable to have contagious diseases, they may all be sub- 
 ject to quarantine, until it is proved conclusively that they are 
 
 healthy. 
 

 
 322 SANITARY LAWS. 
 
 ART. 39. It "is not permitted that any animals shall enter this 
 country, whenever it is ascertained that they have any infectious 
 disease that is contagious. 
 
 ART. 40. In order to carry into effect the provisions already 
 stated, a section of Veterinary Medicine shall be established in the 
 places of the frontier and at the ports wherever there is a greater 
 importation and exportation of cattle. 
 
 ART. 41. After competent international treaties shall have been 
 entered into, an endeavor shall be made to establish appropriate 
 places for the examination of animals. Said' places shall be divided 
 into three departments: one for healthy animals, another for those 
 that are suspected to be diseased, and the third for diseased animals. 
 
 ART. 42. In order to prevent the crossing of the Mexican frontier 
 from abroad by cattle, or parts of the same, that might carry the 
 contagion contracted in this country, the parties concerned are 
 hereby instructed to have them examined by veterinary surgeons. 
 
 ART. 43. The veterinary surgeon making the examination shall 
 issue a certificate as to their condition of health, which document 
 may be legalized by the proper foreign consul. 
 
 REGULATIONS FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF DEAD 
 BODIES BY THE RAILROADS. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS, COLONIZATION, INDUSTRY, 
 
 . AND COMMERCE OF THE MEXICAN KEPUBLTC. 
 
 BUREAU THIRD. 
 
 The President of the Republic has been pleased to address me 
 the following decree: 
 
 Porfirio* Diaz, Constitutional President of the Mexican United 
 States, to its inhabitants 
 
 KNOW YE: That in pursuance with the constitutional power given 
 to the Executive and in conformity with the law of December 16> - 
 of 1881, I have deemed it proper to issue the following:
 
 SANITARY LAWS. 323 
 
 REGULATIONS FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF HU- 
 MAN DEAD BODIES BY THE RAILWAYS 
 OF THE REPUBLIC. 
 
 CHAPTER I. CONDITIONS THAT MUST BE COMPLIED WITH BY 
 PERSONS WHO PETITION TO SEND CORPSES BY RAIL. 
 
 ART. 1. The dead body that it is the intention to send by a railway 
 train, in conformity with the provisions of these regulations, shall be 
 placed within box of zinc, lead, or galvanized iron, whose sides shall 
 have at lenst three millimeters in thickness; such box shall be com- 
 pletely filled with a mixture in equal parts of wooden sawdust and 
 sulphate of zinc, or, if these substances are not to be found, it shall be 
 filled with a mixture of coal dust and tanning bark called cascalote. 
 The box shall be hermetically sealed, and shall be placed within 
 another wooden one, whose sides, top, and bottom may be at least 
 three millimeters in thickness, and shall be held together by means 
 of screws or nails. The interstices remaining between both boxes 
 shall also be tilled with the absorbent and disinfectant powder which 
 has already been mentioned. 
 
 CHAPTER II. RULES FOR TH<E ISSUANCE OF PERMITS BY THE 
 AUTHORITIES FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF DEAD BODIES. 
 
 ART. 2. In conformity with what is prescribed in articles 4 and 9 , 
 the appropriate Mexican consul, in case that the dead body comes fro u 
 abroad, and otherwise, the political authority nearest to the station 
 where the dead body is to be put on board the cars, shall issue a 
 permit for its transportation, subject, however, to these regulations 
 and under the following conditions. These permits must necessarily 
 state : 
 
 I. The Christian name and surname of the deceased. 
 
 II. The age at which he died. 
 
 III. The date of his death. 
 
 IV. The disease which caused his death, as stated in the certifi- 
 cate issued by some physician, or, in default thereof, by a competent 
 person. 
 
 V. The name of the place or station for shipment, and the place 
 for the destination of the dead body, stating the station where the 
 body is to be taken out of the cars.
 
 324 SANITARY LAWS. 
 
 VI. The name of the person who shall have asked for the trans- 
 portation, whose petition, that must necessarily be made in writing, 
 shall remain among the records of the office that may issue the per- 
 mit 
 
 VII. The name of the person who should accompany the dead 
 body. 
 
 ART. 3. Under no pretext whatever shall a permit be issued for 
 the transportation by rail of persons who may have died from ty- 
 phus, typhoid fever, diphtheria, smallpox, or Asiatic cholera. The 
 transportation of dead bodies of persons who may have died of 
 black vomit, shall merely be permitted to places that, owing to their 
 elevation above sea level and other climatic circumstances, may be 
 beyond the reach of that disease. 
 
 No permit shall be issued in case that the dead body is in an ad- 
 vanced state of putrefaction. 
 
 CHA.PTER III. RULES THAT RAILWAY COMPANIES MUST OB- 
 SERVE FOR THE TRANSPORTATION OF DEAD BODIES. 
 
 ART. 4. Dead bodies of persons shall only be taken in a special car, 
 provided that they shall be in coffins perfectly sealed and packed in 
 conformity with the provisions of article 1 of these Regulations, it 
 being a prerequisite for their admission to have the proper permit, 
 as provided in article 2. Some adult person must accompany each 
 dead body, and said person shall present the permit to the station 
 agent, before making the transportation of the dead body to thp 
 station, so that it may not remain there in case that said station 
 agent should have any difficulty to admit it. 
 
 When the dead body has been shipped, the person accompanying 
 it may take passage in the wagon conveying it, provided he shall 
 pay his fare beforehand. 
 
 ART. 5. If through some circumstance there should be no special 
 car for the transportation of the body, it shall be effected by carry- 
 ing the body and the person who accompanies it in a freight train, 
 provided the freight does not consist of alimentary substance, but 
 never in a passenger train. In all cases the c'ar occupied by the 
 coffin, shall go at the end of the train, and as far as possible from 
 the passenger car that usually goes with the freight train. 
 
 ART. 6. If the permit issued by the authority is not in conform-
 
 SANITARY LAWS. 325 
 
 ity with what is provided in article 2, the station agent shall refuse 
 to take it on board, and shall enter on the permit the reason why he 
 will not allow that the dead body be put on board. 
 
 ART. 7. Under no circumstance will it be allowed, either upon the 
 departure or at the arrival of the train, that the dead body shall re- 
 main in the station longer than the time strictly necessary for its 
 shipment or debarkation. 
 
 ART. 8. The cars used for the funeral service shall be disinfected 
 at the expense of the parties concerned, after the transportation shall 
 have been effected, by sprinkling over its interior a solution of fenic 
 acid or of chloride of labarraque. The solution of fenic acid shall 
 contain five per cent of the acid. 
 
 ART. 9. When the body comes from abroad, its transportation 
 through the Republic cannot be permitted, if presentation is not 
 made of a certificate from the Mexican consul residing at the place 
 whence it comes, as it is provided in article 2 of these Regulations, 
 without which formalities such transportation will not be permitted, 
 it being the duty of the local authorities of the frontier or Mexican 
 ports through which the dead body is to be entered, to prevent in 
 such case its introduction into the Republic. 
 
 Given at the Palace of the Executive Power of the Union at 
 Mexico on the 10th of March, one thousand eight hundred and 
 eighty-seven. PORFIRIO DIAZ. 
 
 To citizen Carlos Pacheco, Secretary of Public Works, Coloniza- 
 tion, Industry, and Commerce. 
 
 And I communicate it to you for your knowledge and other pur- 
 poses. 
 
 Liberty and Constitution: Mexico, March 10, 1887. 
 
 PACHECO.
 
 PORT CHARGES. 
 
 PORT OP VERA CRUZ. 
 
 This port is situated in latitude 19 12' 38.30" north and 96 6' 
 30" longitude west of the meridian of Greenwich, in the State of 
 Veracruz and on the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 The loading and unloading of ships is effected at this port by 
 means of barges and boats, and the charge is $1.00 per ton of 1,000 
 kilograms placed on the wharf; and to bring the freight to the 
 square in front, six and a quarter cents for each package that does 
 not exceed twelve arrobas (300 pounds), and if they are larger they 
 are estimated as two, three, or more packages. From the square to 
 the warehouse or railway station 75 cents is charged for each 
 wagon load, including the men who load, each wagon load being a 
 ton. If the barge or boat has a piece of machinery that, owing to 
 its volume, prevents making a full load, the charge will be for a ful 
 boat, and in this case the p'rice varies according to the size of the 
 boat. 
 
 The workmen in the port get $2.00 in sailing vessels and $2.50 in 
 steamers, working from 6 A. M. till 6 p. M., and on extraordinary 
 occasions 50 cents per hour. 
 
 In this port ships up to 25 English draught may enter. 
 
 The Mautla bar has from 4J to 5 feet, and the Tecolutla bar has 
 from 5 to 6 .feet, so that the traffic through those points is only ef- 
 fected by small vessels of 4 feet draught. 
 
 Ships on entering and leaving this port need not to be towed, and) 
 although the railway company has three steam tugs, they are exclu- 
 sively used for the service of their own freight vessels, so as to load 
 and unload more rapidly. 
 
 Sailing and steam vessels that have no buoys in the bay may use 
 those belonging to other persons, provided they are unoccupied, upon 
 paying $8.00 per day, according to arrangement stipulated with the 
 consignees of the various lines who may have said buoys. 
 
 (326)
 
 PORT CHARGES. 327 
 
 For change of anchorage the sum of $4.00 is charged, the opera- 
 tion being made with a pilot on board, provided the change shall be 
 considered as improving the safety of the ship, and the captain may 
 so demand it; but if the vessel is in a bad place owing to the mis- 
 take of the pilot, then it is his duty to do the work without any 
 compensation. 
 
 Owing to the works that are being erected in this port to give 
 great security to the ships, the old northern channel is being closed 
 up with a dyke, and ships cannot enter excepting through the south- 
 ern channel. 
 
 The Mexican Railway charges one dollar to load a ton from their 
 iron pier to the side of the ship that may be receiving freight, and 
 vice versa for unloading or importation. 
 
 If boats not belonging to the company are employed, then only 50 
 cents are paid to said company for each ton loaded or unloaded 
 through their pier, using the gearing, etc., that it owns. 
 
 When the imported merchandise is not cleared at the proper 
 time through the maritime custom house,"and it has to be depos- 
 ited in the warehouses, instead of being loaded directly. in the 
 cars of the railway, then it pays 50 cents more per ton when taken 
 into the cars. All the loading and unloading from the wharf and 
 custom house to the stores or warehouses of the owners and con- 
 signees is done by cargadores, or carriers, at the following rates; 
 
 12J cents for a package weighing up to 151 pounds, or 68| kilo 
 grams. 
 
 25 cents for a package from 152 to 253 pounds, or 69 to 114J 
 kilograms. 
 
 50 cents from 254 to 379 pounds, or 115 to 172 kilograms. 
 
 $1.00 from 380 to 505J pounds, or 172^ to 227| kilograms. 
 
 And so on successively until $10 is charged for packages from 
 1,281 to 2,534i pounds, or 1,035 to 1,150 kilograms. 
 
 PORT OF TUXPAN. 
 
 This port is situated in the State of Veracruz, at latitude 20 58' 
 north and longitude 97 18 30" west of the meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 In this port the loading of ships is generally effected with large 
 boats of from 12 to 25 tons burden and rafts of 40 tons. Vessels 
 of little draught that can pass the bar, unload from the side of the 
 fiscal wharf within the river.
 
 328 PORT CHARGES. 
 
 Generally the cost of loading or unloading is from two dollars and 
 a half per ton of freight, when it comprises articles such as corn, 
 dyewoods, etc. 
 
 For other articles the cost varies. Ships loading cut wood re- 
 ceive it in the form of rafts, which are made up in the river and are 
 towed to the side of the ship. The towing is done either by boats 
 with oars or sometimes by a steam tug. 
 
 The cost of towing and getting to the side of the vessel is at the 
 rate of one dollar per large log; and these are usually a ton in 
 weight. 
 
 The workmen around the port get two dollars per day and their 
 board, if they work on a ship loading wood. The stevedore who 
 directs the work generally gets three dollars per day. , 
 
 In the days when, owing to bad weather, no work can be^ done, 
 and the workmen remain on board without returning to land, they 
 get one dollar per day. The workmen who labor on board of the 
 mail steamers, as their work has to be done more expeditiously, re- 
 ceive two dollars and fifty cents per day, and the fractions of a day 
 in the same proportion, their salary never being less than one dol- 
 lar and fifty cents for each fraction of a day. 
 
 Workmen who work on land get from seventy-five cents to one 
 dollar per day, according to the kind of work that they do, their 
 work on wood being what is most paid. 
 
 In order to enter into the river, the vessels for unloading ships 
 generally get towed in, although in many cases when there is favor- 
 able winds that is not needed. 
 
 The cost of towing varies according to the arrangements made in 
 each case, and depends on the state of the bar and time, the 
 draught of the ship and its size. The price generally charged for 
 towing is from fifty to seventy-five cents per registered ton., without it 
 exceeding one dollar per ton. In such cases the ship is towed from 
 the entrance of the bay to the town of Tuxpan, which is a distance 
 approximately of ten miles. Ships that load in the Casones and 
 Tecolutla bars, that are also of the jurisdiction of the port of Tux- 
 pan, generally take up mahogany, cedar, and dyewoods. In these 
 places the operations are effected in the same manner and under the 
 same conditions as in Tuxpan. 
 
 Vessels entering the river have to pass the bar, which is movable
 
 PORT CHARGES. 329 
 
 and changes every time that the time varies, wherefore its depth is 
 very irregular. The bar. has from 5 to 7 feet in depth, and the 
 bottom is made up of hard sand. From the bar to the mouth of the 
 river the depth varies from 8 and 10 feet, according to the wind 
 that blows. The bottom continues to increase, progressively, from 
 the mouth of the river up to the fiscal wharf, where it has some 
 37 feet. 
 
 In this river there is no expense for wharfage, buoys, nor change 
 of anchorage, excepting pilot fees, according to regulation. 
 
 Whenever a boat goes out of the river and cannot leave the bar, 
 owing to bad weather, or because the ship that it is to unload is not 
 ready to do so, twenty per cent of the amount chargeable for un- 
 loading will be collected. 
 
 When the boat for unloading leaves the bar, or, owing to bad 
 weather, or for any other reason beyond the control of the crew, 
 cannot leave all or a portion of the freight, there must be paid the 
 cost of all that it carries to the ship, and half for what it returns to 
 the port. 
 
 PORT OF ALVARADO. 
 
 This port is situated in the State of Veracruz; near the mouth of 
 the Papaloapam River is the town of Alvarado, which is situated at 
 latitude 18 46' 30" north and longitude 95 41' west of the 
 meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 The loading and unloading are done at this port by means of ves- 
 sels that have no more than 9 feet of draught, so as to reach the 
 wharf; when their draught is larger, they are loaded and unloaded 
 by means of small canoes, or small boats without keels, and built 
 expressly to navigate in rivers. It is a custom among the sailors, 
 or people who m an the boats, to divide in equal portions the amount 
 paid them for their work, and a similar sum is collected for the 
 boat that they use in unloading. This payment, so made, never 
 exceeds one dollar and fifty cents per day for each person working 
 in the port and on board of the vessel. 
 
 Work on land is paid at the rate of 4 cents per package of 8 
 arrobas (200 Ibs.), although sometimes as high as 9 cents are 
 charged, this being the maximum, according to the distance that 
 they may have to go on land. Vessels having freight on board for 
 the interior places along the river, that generally have three men,
 
 330 PORT CHARGES. 
 
 charge from 19 to 75 cents per package of 200 Ibs., and take and 
 deliver their loud on the side of the vessels, but always the 
 loading and unloading is paid by the one doing that work, as 
 well as the fee to be paid for the merchandise that they may bring; 
 and the freight is divided into five portions, as follows: One and a 
 half for the boat, one and a half for the head man, and the rest is 
 divided among the boatmen in equal parts. 
 
 Ordinary freight up to Tlacobalpam (which is a town of impor- 
 tance at a distance of eighteen maritime leagues from Alvarado, up 
 the river) is as follows: In vessels, like canoes, boats, and rafts, 19 
 cents per package of 8 arrabas (200 Ibs.), and in the steamers, 25 
 cents. 
 
 The wharfage fees in this place are 15 J cents for each two pack- 
 ages of 200 Ibs. These are fees that the municipality charges and 
 the only ones that are borne by the merchandise in transit through 
 the railway, except tobacco in its natural state and ready for the 
 market; all merchandise for town consumption that goes through the 
 river, pays two kinds of duties, wherein are included those belonging 
 to the Federal government. 
 
 The bar of Alvarado has 12 English feet of water in low tide, and 
 sometimes has had up to 18 feet in some places at high tide. 
 Generally, ships with 12 feet draught go out without any risk. If 
 the vessels are towed to go up the river, it costs them $20 or $30, 
 according to the size of the vessels. They are towed in and out in 
 summer, when the currents have great velocity, as sometimes they 
 run up to five miles per hour. In order to enter a port, they never 
 require to be towed to it, and the services of a pilot are the only 
 ones required. 
 
 Ships shall furthermore pay, beside the duties payable at the 
 harbor master's office, the municipal fees, that are never more than 
 $2.50. 
 
 There are no extraordinary charges on vessels at this port except- 
 ing those stipulated in the regulations, which are the following: 
 
 Office fee or roll for vessels of more than 30 tons bur- 
 den '. $3 50 
 
 From 20 to 30 tons 1 00 
 
 From 12 to 20 tons 50 
 
 Not over 10 tons . . 25
 
 PORT CHARGES. 331 
 
 The pilot's fee for a national vessel is $4 00 
 
 For a foreign vessel, for each foot of draught 2 50 
 
 In any of those cases the fees of the boat that brings 
 
 the pilot must be paid; these are 6 00 
 
 When a national vessel enters this port, without asking for a 
 pilot, and anchors in a place not secure, and which is dangerous for 
 it and for the other vessels, the harbor master may require that a 
 pilot shall go on board and place the ship in a secure place, and 
 then it must. pay just the same as if it had taken the pilot outside 
 of the bar. 
 
 In the river the pilot's fees up to the port of Tlaco- 
 
 talpam, on national vessels '....$ 6 00 
 
 On foreign vessels 12 00 
 
 Finally, there are fees payable on bills of health, as follows: 
 
 On foreign- and national vessels going to a foreign 
 
 port $4 00 
 
 On national vessels going to ports of the Republic. 2 00 
 And if they are going to a port in the same State . . 1 00 
 
 PORT OF COATZACOALCOS. 
 
 This port is situated in the State of .Veracruz, near the mouth of 
 the river bearing the same name, and whose bar is found at latitude 
 18 7' 54" north and at longtitude 94 27' 07" west of the meridian 
 of Greenwich. 
 
 There is no wharf in this port, and that is why the vessels anchor 
 in the middle of the river, and the boats approach them on their 
 sides and unload and land the cargo, and vice versa. In the port of 
 Minatithm there are no wharves; that is why the ships anchor off 
 the shore, and unload by means of rafts. 
 
 In this port there are no large rafts, and the small boats, that 
 are used to load and unload, charge at the rate of five to ten cents 
 per package, according to their weight and size, and the cargo 
 is taken into the interior of the town by means of wagons, at the 
 rate of 37 cents per trip, or with a party of day laborers accoi'ding 
 .to a price that may be fixed upon. At Minatitlan the freight is 
 received on the banks of the river, and only day laborers and wagons 
 are used on the conditions above stated.
 
 332 PORT CHARGES. 
 
 Workmen in this port get $1.00 per day on shore, and from $1.50 
 to $3.00 on board. 
 
 The largest number of feet of draught in vessels that a ship can 
 have in order to enter the bar is thirteen English feet. 
 
 In order to cross the bar and enter the river, it is not indispensa- 
 ble for ships to be towed in; but if that is done, it is at a conventional 
 price, which on going is obligatory, as it is so stipulated in all 
 charter parties. The charge made is at the rate of fifty cents per 
 registered ton. 
 
 There is no fee for wharfage. 
 
 When the ships cross the bar, they are cleared by the harbor 
 master's office, for Minatitlan, which is the port where wood is 
 loaded; but in order to do this they must take a pilot to go up the 
 river, and whose fees are of a conventional nature. The municipali- 
 ties of both ports charge as "anchorage" fees $5.00 to national ships 
 and $7.50 to foreign vessels. The sum of $4.QO is charged to 
 change anchorage; this must be done with a pilot on board. 
 
 PORT OF FRONTERA. 
 
 This port is situated in the State of Tabasco, in latitude 18 33' 
 north and longitude 92 37' west of the meridian of Greenwich. 
 The town is situated about six miles from the mouth of the Grijalva 
 River. 
 
 The traffic of this port is generally coast trade, that is effected by 
 national steamers and. canoes, that load and unload at the wharf of 
 this port by means of persons employed for the purpose, who charge 
 specific prices. 
 
 The Campeche brigs load and unload with their own crews and 
 have merely to pay the municipal fee of wharfage, that amounts up 
 to $10, according to the tonnage measurement of the vessel, and the 
 State fees on merchandise, which is 11 per cent of the duties and 
 expenses that may have been had at the place where they started 
 from. 
 
 Ships that load precious woods, outside of the bar of this port, pay 
 pay for stevedoring and taking the barge out of the river at the 
 rate of $2.50 per ton, and when the barge is towed in, at the rate _ 
 of $1.00 per ton. 
 
 At this port there are workmen who charge according to their
 
 PORT CHARGES. 333 
 
 special tariff; and as a general rule the wages are agreed upon by 
 the parties and the kind of work done, the maximum being $3.00 
 per day and minimum $1.00, either on land or on board, inside 
 or outside of the bar, the latter being the place where higher wages 
 are paid. 
 
 The bar of this port has sometimes been 11 Spanish feet deep, 
 and in low tide 5 feet, but usually in its normal conditions it is 9 
 feet in high tMe and 7 feet in low tide. 
 
 Ships are usually not towed in or out, and when they are they 
 pay a conventional price fr6m $60 to $100, the latter price being 
 when the ship goes out or enters with a cargo. 
 
 Excepting the duties payable to get close to the wharf to load or 
 unload, ships do not pay any other, save, of course, the laborers to 
 load and unload the cargo. 
 
 Foreign ships when they are in the port and need to change an- 
 chorage, pay $4.00 pilot's fees. The same fees are payable when 
 they take a pilot to go from the bar to the port or vice versa, a dis- 
 tance of about six miles. National vessels going up to San Juan 
 Bautista towed in by steamer pay $1.00 per ton measurement. 
 
 PORT OF CARMEN ISLAND. 
 
 This port, called also Lake Terminos Port, is situated in the State 
 of Campeche, on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, at latitude 18 38' 
 24" north and longitude 91 50' 42" west of the meridian of 
 Greenwich. 
 
 The unloading of vessels is done by having them come alongside 
 of the fiscal and private wharves in this port, and the loading is 
 sometimes done in the bay, transferring the dyewoods (which is the 
 principal article of exportation from this place) to the canoes that 
 take them to the rivers, and the cedar and mahogany in barges 
 up to the sides of the ships; but they load regularly from the 
 wharves near the warehouses where the shipper has deposited his 
 wood. 
 
 But the dyewoods that are taken along by the canoes of the 
 rivers and of the farms of that jurisdiction, pay freight in conform- 
 ity with the distance, the same being from twelve to thirty-one cents 
 per hundred pounds. 
 
 The bringing of the barges with wood from "Boca Chica" to this
 
 334 PORT CHARGES. 
 
 port, a distance of three miles, is regularly done on account of the 
 owners themselves, but when brought as freight by steamers that 
 tow them, one dollar and fifty cents is charged per log, and the 
 canoes charge fifty cents for each piece. 
 
 Laborers who work in the unloading of wood in the ships an- 
 chored near the wharf, are paid at the rate of two dollars for each 
 hundred quintals, and those employed in taking off' the ballast 
 receive one dollar per day. 
 
 Workmen employed in stevedoring at the ships get two dollars 
 per day, and two dollars and fifty cents 'the head man of the steve- 
 dores. 
 
 The principal bar of this port has twelve Spanish feet draught in 
 low tide and thirteen in high tide; the bar of Puerto Real (Royal 
 Port) has six feet in low tide and seven in high tide. Vessels enter 
 and go out of this port with sail outstretched, and rarely are towed 
 in or out; the hitter work is paid at a conventional rate from seventy 
 to one hundred dollars. 
 
 The freight that is unloaded on the wharves, as well by national 
 as by foreign vessels, has no other expense to incur than that of 
 thirty dollars that the municipality charges as hospital tax, and 
 seven dollars and fifty cents for Federal tax. 
 
 Foreign vessels each time that the}- move about in the port in 
 order to change place of anchorage, which change must be effected 
 uuder the direction of a pilot, pay four dollars. 
 
 National vessels may make that operation without a pilot, but 
 when they sh;ill ask the services must pay the same sum. 
 
 PORT OF CAMPECHE. 
 
 This port is situated in the State of the same name, on the coast 
 of the Gulf of Mexico, at latitude 19 50' 10" north and longitude 
 90 33' west of the meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 The loading and unloading of the vessels are effected by large 
 canoes of 18 to 25 tons burden, that carry from 400 to 600 quintals- 
 
 The charges are made in accordance with the size of the vessels 
 and the distance, be it from the port or out of it. In the port the 
 price of freight is from six to eight dollars, according to the size o 
 the canoe; outside of it, from ten to twelve dollars, and in the an- 
 chorage the sum of from twenty to twenty -five dollars is charged to
 
 PORT CHARGES. 335 
 
 the American mail steamers; the freight of the dyewoods is from 
 four to five cents per quintal, taking into consideration the distance 
 whence it comes and the place where the ship may be anchored. 
 
 Laborers get one dollar as wages in port, and their board is 
 furnished in the vessel where they work, and, according to the dis- 
 tance at which the ship may be anchored, the wages go on increas- 
 ing from $1.25 to $1.50; on land they vary, they, get 75 cents or 
 $1.00 and board themselves. 
 
 The ships can only enter this port where they have 9 feet draught, 
 but of course they must take a pilot or captain who knows the port 
 well. 
 
 Vessels entering the port need not be towed in. 
 
 The loading of vessels does not require the payment of any wharf, 
 age fees, only the vessels that do the unloading pay the following as 
 fees for the hospital fund: 
 
 From five to twenty tons $ 75 
 
 From twenty -one to fifty 1 50 
 
 From fifty to one hundred 2 50 
 
 From one hundred and one to one hundred and fifty 4 00 
 
 From one hundred and fifty to two hundred 5 00 
 
 From two hundred to five hundred 8 00 
 
 From five hundred upwards 10 00 
 
 Foreign vessels pay double the fees paid by national ships. 
 
 Foreign ships pay for their bill of health the sum of four dollars. 
 
 The boats or vessels that do the loading or unloading from the 
 ships pay either 6^, 12J, 25, or 50 cents per day, according to their 
 size and burden. 
 
 PORT OF PROGRESO. 
 
 This port is situated in the State of Yucatan, in the Gulf of Mex- 
 ico, in latitude 21 16' north and longitude 89 35' 21" west of their 
 meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 The unloading of ships is effected by means of large boats; these 
 serve to carry the merchandise to and from the ships of more than 
 eleven feet draught that cannot get near the wharf; their capac- 
 ity is from ten to thirty-two tons; the charge is of $1.00 per ton of 
 merchandise.
 
 336 PORT CHARGES. 
 
 The ships are loaded in the same way, and boats and canoes charge 
 as follows for taking freight from the wharf to the ships: For pack- 
 ages of heniquen, hides, etc., 20 cents per package, and $1.00 per 
 ton of burden of the vessels. 
 
 Vessels employed in unloading have a master and two or more 
 sailors, according to their size, and an overseer that serves to take 
 charge of the merchandise from on board to land and vice versa, and 
 he receipts for them. The crew is paid as follows: For each load in 
 vessels of less than 20 tons burden, the master, $1.50; the overseer, 
 $1.00, and the sailors $1.00 each; in those o'f from 20 to 25 tons, 
 the master, $1.75, the overseer, $1.25, and sailors, $1.25; of 25 tons 
 and more the master, $2.00, the overseer, $1.50, and sailors, $1.25. 
 
 The owners of these vessels have persons who aid them at the 
 wharf, and these charge one-half cent per package of four hundred 
 pounds; for unloading smaller packages, 15 cents per ton, and those 
 of greater weight, a conventional price arranged with the owner. 
 
 Workmen in ships, when these are not moored to the wharf, get 
 $1.75 for unloading, $2.00 for loading and stevedoring, and if the 
 work is extended into the night, they charge conventional prices. 
 When the ships are moored to the wharf, day laborers get $1.75 
 per load of heniquen; those who load, 1 cent per package, and the 
 stevedores, two cents per package. 
 
 The men who carry the freight in hand cars from the wharf to the 
 warehouses at the custom house and commission houses, get 3 cents 
 per trip, and if the load is more than a ton in weight, the price is 
 conventional. The charge for the carrying of heniquen, sacks, and 
 hides is 3 cents per package. 
 
 When the ships have more than eleven feet draught, they load and 
 unload without mooring to the wharf, and anchor at a distance of 
 from two to five miles from the coast, according to their draught; 
 when their draught is eleven or less feet, they moor to the metallic 
 wharf, where they effect the loading and unloading. This wharf has 
 on an average a depth of 1 1 \ feet. 
 
 The whai-fage fees charged for exportation and importation are 
 75 cents per ton of 2,200 pounds. 
 
 In the exportation of heniquen for the Havre the steamers charge 
 57 francs per 1,000 kilograms; to Liverpool, -^ pence per pound; 
 to ports of Spain, $11 per 1,000 kilograms. For heniquen the charge
 
 PORT CHARGES. 337 
 
 made on steamers to New York in large quantities is -^ cents pel- 
 pound, and in small quantities, ^ of a cent per pound. Sailing ves- 
 sels charge 75 cents per package to New Orleans, and in steamers 
 | cents per pound in small quantities, and ~$ cents in large quan- 
 tities. Dye woods may be taken to any port in Europe in sailing 
 vessels at the rate of $7.50 per ton. 
 
 The charge made in Mexican steamers on national products to 
 Vera Cruz and other ports of the same State arid Tampico is -f 8.00 
 per ton; and to Campeche and Tabasco, $5.00 per ton. 
 
 The freight of salt taken out of the salt beds in this State and 
 taken to any port in the Gulf is 50 cents per "fanega" of from 250 
 to 275 pounds. 
 
 As this port is entirely open, it has no pilots, towing vessels, nor 
 buoys to moor ships. 
 
 PORT OF TAMPICO. 
 
 This port is situated in the State of Tamaulipas, about six miles 
 from the sea, and on the banks of the river Panuco. It is in lati- 
 tude 22 51' 30" north and in longitude 98 2' west of the meridian 
 of Greenwich. 
 
 The loading and unloading of ships effected are by large boats or 
 barges, when the ship is of great draught and cannot pass the bar, 
 in which case it is effected according to the class of freight that it 
 may have, be it for barges, boats, rafts, etc., and the usual price 
 charged, as well for exportation as for importation, is from $2.00 to 
 $3.00 per ton, according to the class of merchandise. 
 
 Workmen who .work outside of the bar get $2.00, $2.50, and 
 $3.00 per day, according to the kind of work that may be given to 
 them; if the work is on board and inside of the river they get $1.00 
 or $1.50. 
 
 The depth of the bar may be of 9 English feet, and during high 
 tide it increases its depth, but this does not last long. 
 
 Sailing vessels enter with sails outstretched, and some, to be more 
 secure, are towed in; the ship that tows charges usually 60 cents 
 per ton of register in leaving and entering, to ships of not more than 
 100 tons burden; 50 cents to ships not more than 200 tons burden; 
 40 cents to those that do not exceed 300 tons, and 30 cents to those 
 of more than 300 tons and do not exceed 500. 
 
 21
 
 338 PORT CHARGES. 
 
 No wharfage dues are exacted at this port, as the Government 
 has not levied that class of duties. 
 
 There are no buoys nor places to moor to, hence no charges of 
 that kind ai-e made at Tampico. 
 
 The bar is dangerous at its entrance because it has many breakers 
 at all times, and it is subject to continuous variations as well in its 
 direction as in its depth, wherefore a pilot should always be taken, 
 but only in case that the ship has not more than 9 feet draught 
 when it may enter. 
 
 Ships of great draught anchor outside of the bar in six fathoms 
 of water, and the anchors catch well at the bottom, although in win- 
 ter it is not safe to do so. In case that, on account of some strong 
 wind from the north, the ship should have to heave anchor, it can 
 find a good shelter about 60 miles distant from there, or say at 
 Lobos Island. 
 
 In the bar at the northern bank of the river there is a watchman, 
 who from his small tower makes signals with regard to the condition 
 of the bar. 
 
 Lately the Mexican Government has entered into a contract with 
 the Mexican Central Railroad to open the bar and make it 24 feet 
 deep, which will give an entrance to any ship by the river up to the 
 ,city of Tampico. This work is being prosecuted with great activity. 
 
 The depth of the river is sufficient for ships of the largest draught. 
 
 PORT OF MATAMORO8. 
 
 This port is situated in the State of Tamaulipas, on the. Rio 
 Grande, in latitude 25 52' 33" north and longitude 97 24' 57" 
 west of the meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 The unloading of merchandise in this port is effected by means of 
 lighters; the charge is 62J cents per barrel, or say five cubic feet. 
 
 There is no distinction as to different merchandise landed; all are 
 subject to the above price. 
 
 The wages paid workmen in the bay are as follows: The sailors of 
 said lighters are paid $2.50 per trip, and the workmen whom they 
 may employ on board of the ships to assist in loading or unloading^ 
 At the rate of $3.00 for, each individual. 
 
 The largest depth of the bar is 6 English feet. Ships are not towed 
 in, because there are no vessels to carry on this work. When the
 
 PORT CHARGES. 339 
 
 ship is a large one, it remains outside, where the unloading is effected; 
 ships of less draught enter without any difficulty and unload in any 
 portion of the banks of the river. 
 
 As there is no wharf in this port, no wharfage is charged nor 
 any dues for buoys, anchorage, etc. 
 
 The expenses made by sailing and steam vessels, when they enter 
 and leave, such as those of pilot, lighthouse, and bill of health, are 
 much the same as in other ports. 
 
 PORT OF MAZATLAN. 
 
 This port is situated in the State of Sinaloa, on the coast of the 
 Pacific Ocean, in latitude 23 10' 37" north and in longitude 106 
 24' 35" west of the meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 The loading and unloading are made in flatboats, sometimes towed 
 by steamers and others with oars. The cost is $1.00 per ton fo r 
 loading or unloading, excepting coal, that costs $1.50, and explosive 
 substances, $2.50. Loading does not require any other expense of 
 wharfage -due but those of loading and unloading from the boats to 
 shore, which is $2.50 per ton. 
 
 In the bay there is from 4J to 10 fathoms of depth, increasing 
 progressively on the open coast. 
 
 There is in the interior of the port a bar that opens to the 
 "Astillero Port," where generally the ships of the coast trade are 
 repaired, and has an average 9 feet, but sometimes reaches up to 13; 
 once inside it is up to 3 fathoms deep. Ships for foreign trade 
 need not be. towed in, excepting those that 'go to the navy yard, and 
 this costs only $10 if they are small vessels, and $20 if they are of 
 greater burden. 
 
 The entrance to the port is easy and without risk, as, although 
 there is a rock, it has a buoy near it. 
 
 During the months from June to October there are very strong 
 winds, but as the Meteorological Observatory of the port announces 
 them with sufficient precision, ships have time to put out to sea in 
 order to avoid them. 
 
 PORT OF SAN BLAS. 
 
 This port is situated in the Territory of Tepic, on the coast of the 
 Pacific Ocean, in latitude 21 32' 24" north and in longitude 105 
 15' 27" west of the meridian of Greenwich.
 
 340 PORT CHARGES. 
 
 The anchorage is in the open coast, but there is a narrows towards 
 the west called the "Arsenal," which gives 12 feet depth at the bar 
 in low tide, and from 16 to 17 feet in full tide. The ships are 
 loaded and unloaded in this port by means of large boats manned 
 by oars. 
 
 $1.50 per ton of 40 cubic feet, or 2,000 pounds, is paid for foreign 
 freight according to the class of merchandise; 18 cts. per package of 
 6 cubic feet or 175 pounds in weight, is paid for coastwise trade, the 
 same as national articles shipped to foreign countries. 
 
 Workmen get $1.50 per day at this port, whether they work on 
 land or on board of the ships. 
 
 No ship is loaded under contract, excepting that of cedar wood) 
 and those contracts are made abroad. 
 
 The entrance to the bar of this port has an average depth of 12 
 feet, from October to April, and in the other months from 9 to 10. 
 
 In order to enter the port or the point called " El Pozo," ships 
 generally require to be towed in, and have to pay $5.00 for a boat 
 with its crew. 
 
 There is no wharfage to be paid for freight, as there is no wharf 
 at this port. The only expense is that for landing the merchandise; 
 that is 4 and 6 cts. for package, of 175 to 200 pounds, which is 
 charged by the porters to unload the boats. 
 
 There are no special expenses to be made at this port for buoys, 
 mooring, change of anchorage, etc. 
 
 PORT OF MANZA.NILLO. 
 
 This port is situated in the State of Colima, on the Pacific Ocean, 
 in latitude 19 3' 13" north and in longitude 104 17' 41" west of 
 the meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 Ships may anchor in 9 or 10 fathoms of water. The bay is shel- 
 tered from all winds, excepting those coming from the west and 
 southwest, which blow from June to October. 
 
 The loading and unloading of the vessels in this port are managed 
 by means of lighters, that receive the merchandise on the shore and 
 take it to the side of the vessel, or vice versa. 
 
 Commission merchants charge for loading articles for coastwise 
 trade 20 cts. per package of from 1 50 to 200 pounds in national 
 ships, and 30 cts. in foreign vessels; and the loading of ships for for- 
 eign ports is subject to the same rates.
 
 PORT CHARGES. 341 
 
 The charge made for the receipt, debarkation, clearance, etc., of 
 foreign articles is from 80 cts. to $1.00 for each package of like 
 weight, excepting medicinal drugs, as the latter cost $1.65 per pack- 
 age. 
 
 The workmen in the port get, usually, $1.50 to $2.00 per day, 
 according to the kind of work that they may do, excepting the por- 
 ters, that charge 9f cts. to take to the ship a package of from 150 to 
 200 pounds, and 12J cts. to bring it to the shore. 
 
 Freight does not pay any wharfage, as there is no wharf at this 
 port. 
 
 No other expenses of buoys or mooring have to be made in this 
 port. Only anchorage fees are paid when a change is effected, and 
 that amounts to $4.00 paid to the pilot for that service. 
 
 PORT OF GUAYMAS. 
 
 This port is situated in the State of Sonora, on the Gulf of Califor- 
 nia, in latitude 27 50' 30" north and in longitude 110 57' 40" west 
 of the meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 The bay is sheltered and safe and it is easy of access. 
 
 The greatest depth to be found at the entrance of the port, that is 
 between Pajaros Island and Punta Baja, is of 7 fathoms, or 42 feet, 
 where ships of large burden generally anchor; when they bring 
 freight: it is between the hills called "La Ardilla" and "Almagre," 
 and the anchorage during average water mark is 21 feet deep. 
 
 The unloading of ships with foreign freight is effected from their 
 sides by means of large fiatboats, towed by a small steamer. 
 The only person that has been doing that kind of service in the 
 port has entered into a contract with the merchants to charge them 
 a certain specified price for his services. He receives the freight, 
 has it carried and delivered to the merchants, and is, furthermore, 
 responsible for losses occurring while he is at work, and charges 
 25 cents per package of 150 pounds, excepting wood, for which 
 he charges $3.00 per thousand feet, and powder, 7 cents for a little 
 barrel weighing 25 Ibs. ; that is the usual way in which it is brought. 
 
 The unloading of vessels in the coastwise trade that moor to the 
 wharf is effected by a head, porter, with several Yaqui Inciims, and 
 this person has entered into a contract with merchants, whereby he 
 charges them, in order to receive the freight, carry it, and place it
 
 342 PORT CHARGES. 
 
 in the warehouse, being responsible for losses sustained on the way, 
 9 cents per package of 150 pounds. 
 
 The loading of freight in \the ships of foreign commerce is made 
 in the same conditions as the unloading, and merchants only 
 pay for carrying to the ship and loading, 12| cents per package of 
 150 Ibs., excepting flour, which pays Q\ cents per package, and this 
 difference in the charge is due to the fact that it is a home article. 
 
 The loading of freight in ships of coastwise trade is done in the 
 same manner as the unloading, excepting that only 7| cents per 
 package of 'flour is paid.v 
 
 The workmen who labor on board of the ships or on land are 
 paid $1.50 per day. 
 
 The especial expenses to be borne are those of lighthouse and 
 pilotage, and these are only made by ships of foreign commerce. 
 
 The lighthouse dues are $100 for steam and $25 for sailing 
 vessels. Pilot fees are $1.75 for each foot of draught and $3.00 for 
 the boat that carries the pilot. These fees and dues are paid as well 
 on entering the port, as on leaving it. 
 
 Foreign and national war ships, as well as merchant and national 
 vessels, are exempt from the payment of lighthouse and pilot fees; 
 they merely pay those of the pilot, when they ask the services of one 
 of these persons. 
 
 POET OF LA PAZ. 
 
 This port is situated in the Gulf of California, in latitude 24 9' 
 30" north and in longtitude 110 18' 15" west of the meridian of 
 Greenwich. 
 
 The loading and unloading in this port are effected through the 
 wharf, with vessels of small draught. The ships of larger draught 
 make those operations with lai'ge flatboats that come near the 
 sides of the vessels, in order to land the freight. 
 
 50 cents per ton is paid for loading and unloading, nevertheless, 
 when the freight is such that it cannot be weighed or measured, it 
 is subject to special agreement. 
 
 Workmen when they labor on board or on land get $1.50 to $2.00 
 per day. 
 
 The largest draught of a vessel that can enter with safety in the 
 port is 20 feet.
 
 PORT CHARGES. 34$ 
 
 Vessels do not need to be towed in order to enter the port r 
 because they enter with favorable winds, and these are constant. 
 
 No wharfage duties are paid, because the vessels may use the 
 wharf without any restriction, save and excepting asking permis- 
 sion for its use. The loading and unloading do not bring any other 
 expenses than the amount paid the boats, when those operations 
 are not effected at the wharf. 
 
 PORT OF CAPE SAN LUCAS. 
 
 This port is situated towards the southern extremity of Lower 
 California, in latitude 22 52' north and longtitude 109 53' west 
 of the meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 The loading and unloading are effected in this port by means of 
 boats. The unloading costs at the rate of 37 cents per load of 12 @ 
 (300 Ibs.) placed on the seashore, and 50 cents placed at the cus- 
 tom's gate; loading is charged at the same rate. 
 
 There are no unoccupied workmen in the port; generally, the 
 servants of the boat owners effect the loading and unloading; but 
 when they are busy with other things, then the ships'" crews help. 
 
 No matter what may be the burden of ships, they all can enter 
 the port, as the anchorage is very deep, and vessels of the largest 
 draught can approach within 150 meters of the shore. 
 
 There is no necessity of towing ships into port. 
 
 The freight only pays custom house duties, as there is no wharf 
 nor any other especial dues to pay. When any captain desires to> 
 change his ship's anchorage, the sum of $4.00 must be paid. 
 
 Foreign ships pay pilot's dues at the rate of $1.75 for each foot 
 draught; for harbor master's dues, $3.50; for bill of health, $4.00. 
 
 National ships pay pilot's dues, and that merely when they 
 require the services of one; harbor master's dues amount from 25 
 cents to $3.50, according to the draught of the ship; and the bill of 
 health from $1.00 to $2.00, according to the port for which they 
 are bound. 
 
 PORT OF ALTATA. 
 
 This port is situated in the State of Sinaloa, on the coast of the 
 Pacific Ocean, at latitude 24 41' north and longtitude 107 52' 
 west of the meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 The loading and unloading of freight are effected at this port by
 
 344 PORT CHARGES. 
 
 means of flatboats. One of these boats may be hired at the rate of 
 $5.00 per day, provided it may carry up to 30 tons of freight. 
 
 The national steamer Altata does not charge anything for 
 loading or unloading, as it moors to the wharf it has erected, which, 
 at the same time, belongs to the company of the Sinaloa and 
 Durango Railroad. There is no government wharf at this port. 
 
 Workmen generally get when they labor on land 75 cents, and on 
 board, $1.50 per day's work. 
 
 Small vessels in the coastwise trade generally pay 50 cents per 
 day for wharfage; vessels in foreign traffic pay $10 per day. 
 
 The chai-ge for towing ships is ordinarily $60. 
 
 It is not absolutely necessary for ships to be towed in order to 
 cross the bar, because it is quite wide and does not vary. It permits 
 ships from 500 to 600 tons burden to enter when they have winds 
 from the south, southwest and west. Ships that load dyewoods 
 effect an entrance in that manner. 
 
 In this port there are no especial expenses to be made for buoys, 
 moorings, or change of anchorage. 
 
 It is considered quite a safe port. 
 
 PORT OF ACAPULCO. 
 
 This port is situated in the State of Guerrero, on the coast of the 
 Pacific Ocean, at latitude 16* 50' 59" north and longitude 99 52' 
 15" west of the meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 The loading and unloading of vessels are effected by means of long 
 boats, which charge $7.00 per ton from the side of the vessel up to 
 the merchant's warehouse, whatever may be the class of freight. 
 
 Workmen while laboring on board get $2.00 per day and $1.50 
 on land. 
 
 This port is splendid in every respect. Ships of the largest bur- 
 den can enter, because the depth where ships anchor is about 9.14 
 meters, or say about 30 English feet. 
 
 Thei'e are no tugs to tow the ships in, as that is not needed. 
 
 There are no wharfage dues, as the loading and unloading of 
 freight is effected on the seashore, and the workmen get into the 
 water and assist in loading. 
 
 There is no need of buoys in this port. Neither is it necessary to 
 change anchorage. For these reasons there are no dues payable for 
 change of anchorage, mooring, etc., at this port.
 
 PORT CHARGES. 345 
 
 PORT OF SOCONUSCO. 
 
 This port is situated toward the southern portion of the State of 
 Chiapas, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean, in latitude 14 49' north 
 and longitude 92 22' 45" west of the meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 The loading and unloading of ships are effected at this port by long- 
 boats, at a cost of 75 cents per 100 pounds weight. 
 
 The owners of the boats, or those who have charge of them, get 
 75 cents for each load; oarsmen, 50 cents, and when there is good 
 weather they can make from 14 to 15 trips every 12 hours. Work- 
 men on shore get 12^ cents per hour, or say $1.50 a day. 
 
 The boats have a master, 8 oarsmen, a boatswain, and from 25 to 
 30 men who work on land. 
 
 The port is an open roadstead. 
 
 The places where the steamers anchor are about 600 or 700 yards 
 from the shore, according to the weather. 
 
 There is no necessity of towing vessels in or out of port. 
 
 No wharfage is charged at this port. 
 
 PORT OP TODOS SANTOS. 
 
 . This port is situated in the Territory of Lower California, on the 
 coast of the Pacific Ocean, in latitude 31 42' north and longitude 
 117 42' 10" west of tlje meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 The loading and unloading of vessels at this port are effected by 
 flatboats, as ships cannot moor to the wharf, owing to the shallow- 
 ness of the water. The freight is taken to the wharf of the Mexi- 
 can International Company, and thence carried in wagons to the cus- 
 tom house. The cost of this service is $4.00 per ton. 
 
 The wages paid workmen at this port is $1.50 to $2.00 per day, 
 whether working on board of a ship or on shore. 
 
 Ships anchor more or less near the shore, according to their 
 draught. 
 
 There is no necessity of having ships towed in this port; sailing 
 vessels can easily change anchorage. 
 
 No wharfage dues are levied. The only expenses that ships have 
 are: Harbor master's dues, $3.50; bill of health, $4.00; pilot's fees, 
 $1.75 per foot of draught and tonnage dues. 
 
 PORT OF SALINA CRUZ. 
 
 This port is situated in the State of Oaxaca, on the coast of the
 
 346 PORT CHARGES. 
 
 Pacific Ocean, at latitude 16 12' north and longitude 95 4' west of 
 the meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 The loading and unloading of ships are effected by means of very 
 strong boats, that can resist the fierceness of the waves, and that on 
 average hold six tons. These boats are placed about a mile from 
 the usual anchorage of ships, to which they go drawn by oars. 
 
 The payment of loading and unloading of all class of freight is 
 generally $6.00 per ton, of packages whose weight does not exceed 
 500 pounds; if of greater weight, it is subject to agreement. The 
 workmen at this port work from 6 A. M. to 4:30 P. M., and get 50 
 c ents per day, either on board or on shore; watchmen receive $1.50; 
 sailors, $1.00, and the masters of boats, $2.00. 
 
 The anchorage at this port is from five to eleven fathoms deep, 
 and, therefore, ships of any burden can enter it with perfect safety. 
 The port is an open roadstead, and has no bar or channel. 
 
 Ships that enter the port do not require to be towed in. 
 
 There is no wharf at this port. 
 
 Ships that enter this port do not have to make any especial ex- 
 penses for buoys or mooring, and have constantly to remain an- 
 chored. 
 
 Although there are some buoys at this port, they are private 
 property, and their owners never hire them? as they need them for 
 the mooring of their boats. 
 
 POET OF SANTA ROSALIA. 
 
 This port is situated in the Territory of Lower California, at lat- 
 itude 27 11' 50" north and longitude 1 12 11' 40" west of the merid- 
 ian of Greenwich. 
 
 The loading and unloading of ships are effected at the wharf of the 
 French Company " El Boleo," or by means of small boats, at moder- 
 ate prices. 
 
 The workmen get in this port, both on board as on shore, from 
 $1.25 to $1.50 per day. 
 
 The anchorage and entrance to the port are very good, and ships 
 of 2,000 tons burden have at times from 8 to 10 fathoms of water, 
 and do not need to be towed in. The only thing required is the 
 services of a pilot, so that good anchorage may be selected. 
 
 Ships that arrive at this port do not require to make any other
 
 PORT CHARGES. 347 
 
 expense, excepting that of change of anchorage when necessary, 
 which implies the payment of $4.00 fees to the pilot. 
 
 PORT OP TONALA. 
 
 This port is situated in the State of Chiapas, on tie coast of the 
 Pacific Ocean, at latitude 15 48' 30" north and at longitude 93 
 44' 30" west of the meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 Loading and unloading at this port are effected by means of 
 longboats; the charge made for that service is 75 cents per each 
 one hundred pounds. 
 
 The wages of workmen is on an average from 50 to 75 cents per 
 day. 
 
 The town of the same name that is the leading place in the dis- 
 trict is at about 10 miles distance from the port. 
 
 MAGDALENA BAY. 
 
 The port or bay of Magdalena is situated in the peninsula of Lower 
 California, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean, at latitude 24 32' 18" 
 north and longitude 112 3' west of the meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 Loading and unloading are effected at this port with flatboats. 
 These boats get moored to the ship, to transfer the freight and take 
 it to the shore, and the debarkation of the freight is effected at the 
 wharf of Messrs. Flores, Hale & Co. As the ships anchor about 250 
 or 300 feet from the coast, the operations of loading and unloading 
 are executed with promptness and great ease. 
 
 At the end of the said wharf and towards its right there is a large 
 crane to effect the operations already mentioned. 
 
 The entrance to this port is safe and does not present much diffi- 
 culty, even for ships of large draught. 
 
 As the situation of this port and its natural condition are very 
 good for the safety of all ships that anchor there, there are no 
 buoys, and the vessels remain perfectly secure when anchored. 
 
 PORT ANGEL, 
 
 This port is situated in the State of Oaxaca, on the coast of the 
 Pacific Ocean, at latitude 15 48' 30" north and longitude 101 5T 
 30" west of the meridian of Greenwich. 
 
 The loading and unloading of ships at this port are effected by 
 means of longboats. There is a company that has a large number
 
 348 PORT CHARGES. 
 
 of these, sufficient to do all the traffic. They take off the freight 
 from the ship's side, and carry it to the shore. They also carry the 
 merchandise to the warehouses. There is no wharf at this port. 
 As the freight disembarked at this port is usually for the State cap- 
 ital and the central districts, the same company has sufficient mules 
 and men to effect its transportation to the interior. 
 
 The loading and unloading of freight that is weighed, as coffee, 
 etc., costs cent per pound, and the freight measured by volume 
 pays 25 cents per cubic foot. 
 
 The workmen get when they labor on board of a ship $1.00 and 
 board, but if engaged in the boats, the masters get $1.00 per trip, 
 and the crew 50 cts. each. The workmen on land generally get 
 from 6 to 8 cts. per package of 150 Ibs. 
 
 The entrance to this port is 48 English feet in depth, and the 
 center of the bay 24 feet, and well sheltered from the winds. There 
 is no danger from the rocks to be found scattered here and there in 
 the port, because they are all visible, and there are no hidden shoals. 
 The difficulty encountered on entering this port is the fact of its being 
 so narrow. Ships of 300 tons burden can enter with perfect safety, 
 but larger vessels run considerable danger. 
 
 The rivers that flow on the coast near this port are not navigable; 
 only fishing craft somewhat flat in form can enter them. 
 
 There is no steam tug to tow the vessels in. When towing is nec- 
 essary, it is effected by large boats with 6 or 8 oars; the price of 
 towing is $1.00 or $2.00 per day for each oarsman, and $1.00 to the 
 owner of the boat. 
 
 There are no anchorage fees to be paid at this port. 
 
 Neither are there any buoys or places to moor. Generally the 
 ships ride and anchor safe in the bay, but, in case of necessity, an- 
 chors, chains, etc., can be procured at this place to further secure the 
 safety of ships. 
 
 About 18 miles to the east of this port there is a small cove 
 called " Cascaluta," wherefrom the loading of wood is effected on 
 a large scale. 
 
 About 30 miles to the east of Port Angel another port, called 
 Santa Cruz, is found. It is very ample, and ships of large burden 
 may anchor there, although a pilot is required in order to enter it, 
 because there are dangerous shoals at its entrance.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF THE ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT DIAZ. 
 
 DELIVERED AT THE OPENING OF THE 3D SESSION OF THE 15TH 
 CONGRESS, SEPT. 16, 1891. 
 
 After an introduction, in which the President states that the .Re- 
 public continues along the highway of advancement, and that her 
 international relations with all nations are of the most friendly 
 character, he says: 
 
 " The Mexican Government having been invited by the United 
 States of America to take part in the discussions of the Interna- 
 tional Monetary Commission, in order to adopt a money standard 
 among tlie nations of the continent, a delegate of Mexico was ap- 
 pointed for that convention which was held at Washington. The 
 commission suspended its sessions on the 3d of last April, it having 
 determined to adopt later on what would be deemed proper with 
 regard to such an important matter. The representative of the 
 United States in this capital communicated to the proper depart 
 ment certain instructions which he had received from his govern- 
 ment, in order to enter into negotiations with Mexico, so as to ex- 
 ecute a convention concerning the exchange of some products of both 
 countries. Wherefore a commissioner was appointed on our behalf 
 to enter into such negotiations." 
 
 Mention is then made of other matters relating to foreign affairs; 
 and to the establishment of the new Department of Communications 
 and Public Works. 
 
 After referring to the issuance of the Sanitary Code, the regula- 
 tions for the enforcement of the law of compulsory education and 
 other matters of importance in the Departments of the Interior, 
 Justice, and Public Instruction, the President said: 
 
 "According to information received from twelve States of the 
 Republic, four hundred denouncements of mines have been regis- 
 
 (349)
 
 350 ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT DIAZ. 
 
 tered since the month of May, and twenty-eight contracts have been 
 entered into for the exploration and working of mining zones. The 
 total amount of these contracts, executed in conformity with the 
 law of June G, 1887, is three hundred and twenty-three, seventy-two 
 whereof have been declared forfeited. The sum deposited to secure 
 their being carried out is more than six hundred thousand dollars 
 in bonds of the public debt, twenty-one thousand whereof, corre- 
 sponding to the contracts forfeited, having remained to the credit of 
 the public Treasury. During that same period the companies for 
 surveying public lands have surveyed and measured off in the States 
 of Veracruz, Guerrero, San Luis Potosi and Tabasco one million 
 eight hundred and two tho'usand seven hundred hectares of pub 
 lie, one-third of that amount has become the private property of 
 the companies, being granted to them as compensation for their ex- 
 penses of survey and measurement." 
 
 Further on the President says: "This is the proper time to state 
 that the Mexican Government, having been invited by that of the 
 United States to take part in the Exposition to be held at Chicago, 
 the invitation was accepted so as to reciprocate the cordial manner 
 it which it was made, as well as to contribute to the great festival 
 which is to commemorate the discovery of the New World. The 
 Executive hopes that Congress may be pleased to vote the sums re- 
 quired, so that Mexico may worthily on that occasion hold her place 
 among civilized nations." 
 
 Regarding steamship lines and telegraphs arid railways the ad- 
 dress has the following : 
 
 " Several contracts have been entered into for the establishment of 
 lines of navigation, which, besides other benefits, will facilitate the 
 carrying of the mail. The first, for the establishment of steamers 
 between England and Mexico, contains the conditions that such 
 ships shall bear the Mexican flag, and that the company shall 
 organize in conformity with the law of December 12, 1883. The 
 second provides that the steamers Mazatlan and Allata shall 
 undertake the carrying trade between the ports of Manzanillo, 
 Guaymas, and some others of their route. The third relates to a 
 line of steamers between Guaymas and the Medano in the Yaqui 
 River, thereby organizing a mail service, which was needed in that 
 territory. The fourth, in the Grijalva River, from the interior of
 
 ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT DIAZ. 351 
 
 the State of Chiapas to that of Tabasco and the Gulf of Mexico, 
 will open the territory of Chiapas to commerce, and to easy com- 
 merce, till now so far removed, owing to the lack of appropriate 
 means of transportation. The fifth is between Philadelphia or Balti- 
 more and nearly all the ports of the Gulf of Mexico. The sixth, 
 between San Francisco, California, and the ports of Mazatlan, Guay- 
 mas, La Paz, San Jose del Cabo, Magdalena Bay and Ensenada de 
 'Todos Santos; and the last with the French Transat antic ompany, 
 which does regular service between Europe and Vera Cruz. All 
 these lines, excepting that of the GriJHlva RiA r er, do not have any 
 subsidy and are obliged to carry mail and postal packages, this 
 agreement being at present exceedingly valuable, especially that of 
 the French Transatlantic Company, because it coincides with the 
 execution of a postal treaty between France and Mexico, which is 
 about to be promulgated. Owing to the large disbursement which 
 the contractor for the steamers on the Grijalva has to make in order 
 to render said river navigable between Las Palinas' and Atasta, 
 a subsidy of seventy-five dollars for round trip was granted him. 
 
 " In the matter of telegraphs, I beg to inform you that, from last 
 April, more than five hundred and five kilometers have been built, 
 four offices have been opened, and the repairs and consolidation of 
 the thirty-two thousand two hundred and five kilometers, seven hun- 
 dred and fifty meters, which is the length of our telegraph lines, 
 has continued uninterruptedly, and thirteen thousaiid new posts 
 have been erected. The necessary material has been purchased for 
 the construction of one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine 
 kilometers of new lines. 
 
 " The railway system has continued to be extended, the following 
 improvements having been effected from the last report to this date: 
 
 " The Monterey and Gulf Railway Company has finished its main 
 line to the port of Tampico, having built its last seventy-six kilo- 
 meters. 
 
 "The Puebla, Oaxaca and Tehuantepec Rail ro id has reached 
 Tecomavaca. It has inaugurated that portion and completed thereby 
 224 kilometers, and advanced 6 more towards Oaxaca. It con- 
 tinues actively its work of grading and bridge, and has got ready the 
 necessary material for the completion of the line. 
 
 " The Interoceanic, Acapulco, and Vera Cruz Railroad has fin-
 
 352 ADDRESS OF -PRESIDENT DIAZ. 
 
 ished its line to the last-mentioned port, and is at present improv- 
 ing its roadway from Jalapa to that port. 
 
 "The government is endeavoring to prosecute some work on the 
 Tehuantepec Railway, so that its suspension ordered by the con- 
 tractor may not occasion any great damage. Meanwhile a demand 
 has been made on the contractor for the fulfillment of his contract- 
 
 "The mining railway from Escalon to Sierra Mojada has fin- 
 ished its line, and has arrived at that rich zone, which will obtain 
 great advantages through that important road. 
 
 "All the other lines prosecute their labors without interruption, 
 making up, with those formerly built, a railway system of more 
 than 10,100 kilometers in operation." 
 
 Reference is then made to other public works, including the 
 prosecution in the improvement of Vera Cruz and Tampico harbors, 
 and the drainage of the Valley of Mexico. 
 
 Public finance occupies a prominent place in the President's 
 address. The following paragraphs on that subject may be of 
 interest: 
 
 "With the ordinary resources of the Treasury the expenses decreed 
 in the appropriation bill have been met, as well as the interest on 
 the interior and foreign debt. The Executive is fully assured that 
 its resources are amply sufficient to continue attending to the serv- 
 ices of the administration, and to place in Europe, at the opportune 
 moment, as heretofore, the funds necessary to meet the obligations 
 contracted abroad. 
 
 "All banking institutions established in different cities of this 
 country continue to operate with regularity. Daily the number of 
 their operations increase, and no crisis is to be feared, as the Execu- 
 tive takes care that the circulation of bills be effected within limits 
 that prevent any danger. 
 
 "Our credit continues to hold a prominent place abroad, although 
 Mexican securities are sometimes slightly affected by the fluctuations 
 that, under different circumstances, affect other securities in those 
 markets." 
 
 After dwelling on some branches of the War and Navy Depart- 
 ment, the address closes, briefly reiterating the assertion that the 
 Republic continues uninterruptedly along the pathway of progress 
 and prosperity.
 
 MEXICAN COINS, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES. 
 
 TABLE OF MEXICAN COINS. 
 
 The following table shows the coins no\x issued by the Mexican 
 mints : 
 
 Denomination. 
 
 Fineness. 
 
 Value in 
 Mex. Dol. 
 
 Weight in 
 Grams. 
 
 Weight in 
 Troy oz. 
 
 Diam. in 
 Mm. 
 
 Diameter in 
 inches. 
 
 Gold coins: 
 Doble Hidalgo. 
 Hidalgo 
 
 875 
 
 875 
 
 $20 00 
 10 00 
 
 33.841 
 16.920 
 
 1 .0860 
 .5430 
 
 34 
 
 27 
 
 1.33858 
 1 062 ( )9 
 
 Medio Hidalgo. 
 Cuarto Hidalgo 
 Decimo Hidalgo 
 Silver coins: 
 Peso 
 
 875 
 875 
 875 
 
 901 
 
 5 00 
 2 50 
 1 00 
 
 1 00 
 
 8.460 
 4.230 
 1.692 
 
 27.073 
 
 .2715 
 .13575 
 .05430 
 
 .866 
 
 22 
 18 
 15 
 
 37 
 
 .86614 
 .7 866 
 .59055 
 
 1 45669 
 
 50 centavos .... 
 25 centavos .... 
 10 centavos. . . . 
 
 901 
 901 
 901 
 
 50 
 25 
 10 
 
 13.536 
 
 6.768 
 2.707 
 
 .4-23 
 .2165 
 .0866 
 
 30 
 25 
 
 17 
 
 1.18110 
 .98425 
 .66929 
 
 There were formerly coined in gold the onza = $16 in silver; the 
 media onza = $8.00; the pistol a = $4.00; the escudo de oro = 
 $200; and the escudito de oro = fl.OO. In silver, the real = 
 ,$.12J; medio real = $.06, and cuartilla = <$.03. 
 
 Some years ago a metric system of coinage was adopted, and 5 and 
 10 cent silver pieces were coined, many of which are still in circula- 
 tion. There were formerly coined al.so in copper the cuartilla, equal 
 to about 3i cents; and the tlaco, 1 T 9 F cents. Centavos, or one cent 
 pieces, of copper, are now coined at all the mints. 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
 
 The metric system is now in official use in the Republic of Mex- 
 ico, having been adopted by the .Government in the year 1862. It 
 is used to compute all customs and other duties to be paid to the 
 general Government, in the measurement of pTiblic lands, and by 
 the railroads in all freight and other transactions, and is exclusively 
 taught in the public schools.
 
 354 
 
 MEXICAN COINS, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURKS. 
 
 The value in the metric system here assigned to each denomina- 
 tion of the old weights and measures is that fixed by the Mexican 
 Government at the time of the adoption of the metric system. 
 
 LINEAR MEASURES. 
 
 1 legua (league) = 5.000 varas =4.19 
 
 KILOMETERS. MILES. 
 
 = 2.604375 
 
 METERS. FKET. 
 
 1 vara (yard) =3 pies = 0.83800 = 2.749578 
 
 1 pie (foot) = 12 pulgadas = 0.27933 = 0.916526 
 
 INCHES. 
 
 1 pulgada (inch) = 12 lineas = 0.02328 = 0.9 16526 
 
 1 linea (line) =0.00194 = 0.076377 
 
 The vara is also divided (for dry goods selling) into palmos or 
 cuartas (palms or quarters). 
 
 METERS. FEET. INCHES. 
 
 1 palmo or cuarta = 0.209500 == 0.687394 = 8.248728 
 
 SUPERFICIAL OK SQUARE MEASURE. 
 
 HECTARES. ACRES. 
 
 1 square legua . . ' == 1,755.61 4,339.4 
 
 SQUARE METRES. SQUARE FEET. 
 
 1 square vara = 0.702244 = 7.559000 
 
 1 square pie = 0.078027 . 0.839888 
 
 SQUARE INCHES. 
 
 = 0.043890 = 68.03094 
 
 '. = 0.000542 = 0.84012 
 
 LAND OR AGRARIAN MEASURES. 
 
 1 square palmo . . 
 1 square pulgada, 
 
 Spanish Names. 
 
 Nearest Eng. equiva- 
 lent. 
 
 Length 
 (varas). 
 
 Breadth 
 (varas). 
 
 Hectares. 
 
 Acres. 
 
 Hacienda 
 
 Plantation 
 
 25,000 
 5,000 
 3,333* 
 
 1,200 
 1,000 
 1,104 
 
 276 
 50 
 
 5,000 
 5,000 
 3,3334 
 
 1,200 
 1,000 
 552 
 
 184 
 50 
 
 8,778.0500000 
 1,755.6100000 
 780.2711111 
 
 101.1231360 
 70.2244000 
 42.7953111 
 
 3.5662759 
 0.17556JO 
 
 21,697.000 
 4,339.400 
 1,928.133 
 
 244.140 
 175 532 
 105.751 
 
 8.813 
 0.434 
 
 Sitio d e ganado mayor 
 Sitto de ganado menor 
 Fundo legal para 
 pueblo 
 
 Cattle ranch 
 Sheep ranch 
 
 Legal town site. 
 Field. 
 
 Labor.. . 
 
 Caballeria de tierra 
 Fanega de sembra- 
 dura de maiz 
 Solar para casa mo- 
 lino 6 venta 
 
 Section of land. . 
 Sowing ground 
 fanega of corn. 
 Site for a house, 
 mill, or inn. . . 
 
 HYDROMETR1C MEASURES. 
 
 These are used for measuring and distributing water for irriga- 
 tion and domestic uses:
 
 MEXICAN COINS, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES. 
 
 355 
 
 1 buey (ox) ==48 surcos 
 
 1 surco (furrow) = 3 naranjas 
 
 1 naranja (orange) =8 reales or limones 
 
 1 real (bit) or limon (lemon) = 2 dedos 
 
 1 dedo (finger) == 9 pajas (straws) 
 
 According to the old ordinances of lands and waters, established 
 during the Spanish viceroys, the buey of water was as much as 
 would flow through an aperture 1 vara (0.838 meter) square, no 
 head or pressure being mentioned. By a law of the Mexican Re- 
 public, of August 2, 1863, 1 surco is made equal to 6^ liters per 
 second for rural measures, and the paj a is made equal to 0.45 liters 
 per minute for town measurements. This distinction is intended to 
 make the surco a unit for irrigation, while the paja is made the unit 
 for distributing water to houses, etc., in towns. 
 
 CUBIC MEASURES. 
 
 CUBIC METEK. 
 
 CU11IC SAKL) 
 
 1 cubic vara = 0.588480 = 0.769734 
 
 1 cubic pie = 0.021795 == 0.028508 
 
 1 cubic |>almo == 0.009195 == O.OOK 55 
 
 DRY MEASURES. 
 
 LITERS. IH'SHHl.S. 
 
 1 carga '2 fanegas = 181.629775 == 5.154357 
 
 1 fanega = 12 almudes = 90.814888 = 2.577178 
 
 PECKS. 
 
 .1 alrnud 4 cuartillos = 7.567907 . = 0.859109 
 
 DRY QUARTS. 
 
 1 cuartillo (quart) = 1.891977 . . 1.718122 
 
 OIL MEASURE. 
 
 LITER. II. S. LIQUID QT. 
 
 1 cuartillo . == 0.506162 == 0.534870 
 
 WINE MEASURE. 
 
 LITER. v. S. I IQIIL) 1>T. 
 
 1 cuartillo == 0.456264 == 0482140 
 
 COMMERCIAL WEIOHTS. 
 
 U. S. POUNDS 
 
 KILOGRAMS. AVOIRDUPOIS. 
 
 1 quintal == 4 arrobas = , 46.024634 = 101.444 
 
 1 arroba = 25 libras ' . == 11 .506159 25.361 
 
 1 libra (pound) = 16 onzas = 0.460246 1.01444
 
 MKXIOAN COINS. WKHJIJTS. AND MEASCUKS. 
 
 OUNCES 
 AVOIRDUPOIS. 
 
 1 onzt (ounce) = 16 adarmes = 0.028765 1.0144 
 
 1 adarme (dram) = 36 granos = 0.001798 = 0.06343 
 
 GRAINS 
 
 1 grano (grain) = 0.0000499 = 0.77160 
 
 In commerce there is used the, following relation between the kil- 
 ogram and the pound (libra) different from th ratio as fixed by 
 Government, viz.: 
 
 1 kilogram 2.1733 pounds (libras) 
 
 There is also a weight called carga, used in commerce, in freight- 
 ing, and in mining: 
 
 1 carga = 12 arrobas = 300 pounds = 138.073902 kilograms = 
 304.332 United States pounds avoirdupois. 
 
 PRECIOUS METAL WEIGHTS. 
 
 OUNCES 
 KILOGRAMS. AVOIRDUPOIS. 
 
 1 marco = 8 onzas = 0.230123 = 8.1184 
 
 1 onza = 8 ochavas == 0.028765 = 1.0148 
 
 1 ochava (eighth) = 6 tomines = 0.003596 = 0.12685 
 
 GRAINS. 
 
 1 tomin = 12 gramos = 0.000599 = 9.25920 
 
 1 grarno = 0.0000499 == 0.77160 
 
 WEIGHT OF COINS. 
 
 FINENESS. 
 
 VALUE. 
 
 WEIGHT, 
 Grams. 
 
 WEIGHT, 
 Grains. 
 
 
 $2000 
 
 33.841 
 
 522.234 
 
 GOLD. 
 
 100) 
 
 16.920 
 
 261,117 
 
 
 500 
 
 8.460 
 
 130558 
 
 875 gold, 125 copper to the 
 
 250 
 
 4.230 
 
 65.279 
 
 1,000. 
 
 1 00 
 
 1.692 
 
 26.112 
 
 SILVER. 
 
 1 00 
 
 27.073 
 
 417.7903 
 
 
 fO 
 
 13.536 
 
 20S 8951 
 
 9,027 to the 10,000. 
 
 25 
 
 6.768 
 
 104.4475 
 
 
 JO 
 
 2.707 
 
 41.7790 
 
 The tolerance of gold coin is two-thousandths more or less than 
 the exact fineness, and 75 milligrams in weight on the $20 piece, 
 with a proportionate allowance for the lesser coins. 
 
 For silver the tolerance is three-thousandths more or less than
 
 MEXICAN COINS, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES. 357 
 
 the exact fineness, anil 1 gram in weight on the dollar piece, with 
 proportionate allowance for the lesser coins. 
 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ACCORDING TO THE 
 METRIC SYSTEM. 
 
 For the sake of convenience we include hereunder the piincijml 
 equivalents between weights and measures under the Metric system 
 and the American or English standards: 
 
 inch = 0.02539954 meters. 
 1 foot == 0.30479449 meters. 
 1 yard = 0.91438348 meters. 
 1 fathom (2 yards) = 1.82876696 meters. 
 1 furlong (320 yards) = 201.16437 meters. 
 1 mile (1,760 yards) = 1609:3149 meters. 
 
 1 millimeter = 0.03937 inches. 
 1 centimeter = 0.393708 inches. 
 1 decimeter = 3. 937079 inches. 
 1 meter = 39. 37079 inches. 
 1 decameter = 10.936 yards. 
 1 hectometer = 109.363 yards. 
 1 kilometer = 0.621 miles. 
 
 1 square yard = 0.836097 square meters. 
 1 rood (1,210 square yards) - 10.116775 acres. 
 1 acre (4,840 square yards) =0.404671 hectares. 
 1 square mile = 2.58989 square kilometers. 
 
 1 square meter = 1.196033 square yards. 
 1 are = 0.098845 roods. 
 1 hectare = 2.471143 acres. 
 
 1 cubic inch = 16.3861 cubic centimeters. 
 1 cubic foot = 28.3153 cubic decimeters. 
 1 gallon = 4.54345 liters. 
 
 1 cubic centimeter = 0.06103 cubic inches. 
 1 centiliter or 10 cubic centimeters = 0.61027 cubic inches. 
 1 deciliter or 100 cubic centiliters = 6.10271 cubic inches. 
 1 liter or cubic decimiter = 6.102705 cubic inches.
 
 358 MEXICAN COINS, WRIGHTS, AND MKASURKS. 
 
 1 pint = 0.567932 liters. 
 
 1 quart = 1.135864 liters. 
 
 1 gallon = 4. 54 5794 liters. 
 
 1 peck (2 gallons) = 9.0869159 liters. 
 
 1 bushel (8 gallons) = 36.347664 liters. 
 1 sack (3 bushels) = 1.09043 hectoliters. 
 1 quarter 8 bushels) = 2.907813 hectoliters. 
 
 1 liter = 1.76077 pints. 
 
 1 decaliter == 17.60773 pints. 
 
 1 hectoliter = 176.07730 pints. 
 
 1 dracme = 1.7712 grams. 
 
 1 ounce = 28.3384 grams. 
 
 1 pound avoirdupois = 0.4534148 kilograms. 
 
 1 one hundred weight (cwt.) = 50.78246 kilograms. 
 
 1 ton = 1,015.648 kilograms. 
 
 1 gram = 0.0022046 pounds avoirdupois. 
 1 decagram = 0.02204627 pounds avoirdupois. 
 1 hectogram = 0.2204621 pounds avoirdupois. 
 1 kilogram = 2.2046213 pounds avoirdupois. 
 
 1 grain troy weight = 0.06477 grams. 
 1 pennyweight = 1.55456 grains. 
 1 ounce = 31.0913 grams. 
 1 pound == 0.37309 kilograms. 
 
 1 gram = 0.032 troy ounces. 
 1 decagram = 0.321 troy ounces. 
 1 hectogram = 3.215 troy ounces. 
 1 kilogram = 32.150 troy ounces.
 
 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 
 
 LIST OF DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATIVES OF MEXICO. 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Matias Ro- 
 mero. 
 
 1st Secretary, Cayetano Romero. 
 
 2d Secretary, Miguel Covarrubias. 
 
 2d Secretary (shorthand reporter), Enrique Santibanez. 
 
 3d Secretary, Edmundo J. Plaza. 
 
 3d Secretary, Antonio Leon Grajeda. 
 
 3d Secretary, Ramon G. Pacheco. 
 
 Attache, Jose Romero. 
 
 Office of the Legation, Washington, D. C., I Street, 1413. 
 
 CENTRAL AMERICA. 
 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Ignacio R. 
 Alatorre. 
 
 1st Secretary, Carlos Americo Leva, at present Charge d' Affaires 
 ad interim. 
 
 2d Secretary, Gilberto Magafia. 
 
 Attache, J. Garcia Granados. 
 
 Office of the Legation, Guatemala, Calle Oriente. 
 
 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC AND BRAZIL. 
 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Juan San- 
 chez Azcona. 
 
 1st Secretary, Federico Gamboa. 
 
 2d Secretary, Adolfo Mujica y Sayago. 
 
 Office of the Legation, Buenos Ayres, Calle del Cerrito No. 1114- 
 
 JAPAN. 
 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Jose M. 
 Rasc6n. 
 
 (359)
 
 360 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 
 
 Secretary, Mauricio Wollheim. 
 Office of the Legation, Tokio. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Ignacio Ro- 
 mero Vargas. 
 
 1st Secretary, Federico Larrainzar. 
 
 Office of the Legation, Berlin, Kurfursten Strasse, 131. 
 
 BELGIUM. 
 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, vacant. 
 
 1st Secretary, Jesus Zenil, Charge d' Affaires. 
 
 2d Secretary, Miguel Beistegui. 
 
 Office of the Legation, Brussels, Rue Marie de Bourgogne, 46. 
 
 SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. 
 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Vicente 
 Riva Palacio. 
 
 1st Secretaiy, Luis A. Medrano. 
 
 2d Secretary, Francisco A. de Ycaza. 
 
 Attache, Mariano Escohedo, Jr. 
 
 Office of the Legation, Madrid, Calle de Serrano No. 3. 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Ramon 
 Fernandez. 
 
 1st Secretary, Gustavo A. Baz. 
 
 2d Secretary, Enrique Olarte. 
 
 3d Secretary, Luis V. Galvan. 
 
 Attache, Manuel Garcia Torres. 
 
 Office of the Legation, Paris, Avenue Kleber, No. 46. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, vacant. 
 1st Secretary, Pablo Martinez del Campo, Charge d' Affaires ad 
 interim. 
 
 2d Secretary, Vicente Morales. 
 
 3d Secretary (under commission in Russia), Manuel J. deLizardi. 
 
 3d Secretary, Fernando Prado. 
 
 Office of the Legation, London, No. 3 Ashburn Place.
 
 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 361 
 
 ITALY. 
 
 Resident Minister, Gonzalo A. Esteva. 
 1st Secretary, Juan B. Hijar y Haro. 
 2d Secretary, Manuel Pacheco. 
 Attache, Salvador Canedo. 
 Office of the Legation, Rome, Via Viminale, No. 22. 
 
 RUSSIA. 
 
 Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, Pedro Rin- 
 6n Gallardo. 
 
 2d Secretary, Manuel P. de Lizard i. 
 
 Attache, Pedro Rincon Gallardo y Terreros. 
 
 Office of the Legation, St. Petersburg, No. 8 Panteleimenskaia. 
 
 FOREIGN DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATIVES IN MEXICO. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 Baron von Zedtwitz, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipo- 
 tentiary, City of Mexico. 
 
 Paul Kosidoweki, Consul in charge of Legation during absence of 
 Minister. 
 
 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 
 
 Dr. Vicente G. Quesada, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, Hotel Gillow. 
 
 BELGIUM. 
 
 Baron Federico Daelman, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, 4'. 1 del Naranjo 4. 
 
 BRAZIL. 
 
 Julio H. de Mello e Alvin, Envoy Extraordinary and Ministe 1 
 Plenipotentiary, Calle de la Penitenciaria 419. 
 
 Luis Ferreira de Lorena, 1st Secretary. 
 
 Cipriano Fenelon Alcoforado, 2d Secretary. 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 Manuel A. Campero, Minister resident If de San Francisco 5. 
 
 REPUBLIC OK SANTO DOMINGO. 
 
 Francisco de la Fuente Ruiz, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
 Plenipotentiary, San Angel.
 
 362 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 
 
 SPAIN. 
 
 Lorenzo fie Castellanos, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary, Betlemitas 12. 
 
 Pedro de Carrere y Lembeye, 1st Secretary. 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 Thomas Ryan, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, 
 San Diego 2. 
 
 Algernon Dougherty, Secretary of Legation. 
 E. C. Butler, Assistant Secretary. 
 
 PRANCE. 
 Federic Mercier, Secretary, Avenida Morelos 4. 
 
 GREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 Sir Spencer St. John, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary, Puente de Alvarado 15. 
 
 GUATEMALA". 
 
 Manuel Dieguez, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten' 
 tiary. 
 
 ITALY. 
 
 David Segre, Resident Minister. 
 
 JAPAN. 
 Gozo Tateno, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. 
 
 PORTUGAL. 
 
 Thomas de Souza Roza, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary. 
 
 RUSSIA. 
 
 Baron Roman Rosen. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary, Iturbide Hotel. 
 
 Sefior F. liausen, 1st Secretary. 
 
 SALVADOR. 
 
 Geronimo Pou, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten 
 tiary, absent. 
 
 Salvador Rodriguez, Secretary. 
 
 VENEZUELA. 
 
 Juan Pietri, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary,
 
 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 363 
 
 LIST OF FOREIGN CONSULS IN MEXICO. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 Acapulco Hermann Stoll. Acting Vice Consul. 
 
 Carmen Island Heinrich Corrssen, Consul. 
 
 Chihuahua Emile Ketelsen, Vice Consul (absent). Otto Star- 
 torios, Acting Vice Consul. 
 
 Colima Christian Flor, Consul. 
 
 Durango Ernile Stahlknecht, Vice Consul. 
 
 Guadalajara Theodor Kuhnhardt, Consul. 
 
 Guanajuato Heinrich Langenscheidt, Vice Consul. 
 
 Guaymas Adolph Biille, Vice Consul. John Reinhardt, Acting 
 Vice Consul. 
 
 Mazatlan Wilhelm Sowerbutts, Consul. 
 
 Merida Felix Faller, Consul. Philipp Bock, Acting Consul. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Paul Kosidowki, Consul. 
 
 Monterey Carl Christian Nicholaus Hoick, Vice Consul. 
 
 Oaxaca Gustav Stein, Consul. 
 
 Puebla and Tlaxcala Alexander Sauter, Vice Consul. 
 
 San Luis Potosi Heinrich Schroeder, Consul 
 
 Tampico Gerhard Claussen, Consul. 
 
 Tehuantepec and Chiapas Albrecht Langner, Vice Consul. Carl 
 Rudolf Koch, Acting Vice Consul. 
 
 Tepic Henry Meyer, Acting Consul. 
 
 Vera Cruz Hermann Julius Burandt, Consul. 
 
 ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Jose K. Ferrer, Consul. 
 
 Vera Cruz Antonio Gomez de la Serva, Consul. 
 BELGIUM. 
 
 Acapulco Jose K. Ferrer, Consul. 
 
 Carmen Island Charles Renoz, Consul. 
 
 Mazatlan Alexandra Bertrand, Vice Consul. 
 
 Merida Mario Soret de Molar, Consul. Leon Lefebvre, Vice 
 Consul. 
 
 Mexico (City of) J. Wolters, Consul General. Gustave Beau- 
 rang, Consul. 
 
 Puebla Joseph A. Dorenberg, Consul. 
 
 San Luis Potosi Joseph Carregha, Consul.
 
 364 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 
 
 Vera Cruz Francisco J. Ituarte, Consul. Maclovio Ramos, Vice 
 Consul. 
 
 COLOMBIA. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Jose de Ansoategui, Consul General. 
 Tanapico Joaquin G. Castilla, Consul. 
 Vera Cruz Francisco M. de Cos, Consul. 
 
 COSTA RICA. 
 
 Guaymas Eduardo Gaxiola, Consul. 
 La Paz Horacio Hidalgo, Consul. 
 Vera Cruz Jose Gonzales Pages, Consul. 
 
 CHILE. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Bernabe de la Barra, Consul General. 
 Vera Cruz Jorge Ritter, Consul. 
 
 GUATEMALA. 
 
 Guadalajara Justo Fernandez del Valle, Consul. 
 Hermosillo Pablo Fournie, Consul. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Donato de Chapeaurouge, Consul Genera} 
 (absent). Roberto Fircher, Acting Consul. 
 Tapachula Alejarftlro Saenz, Consul. 
 Vera Cruz Domingo Miron , Consul. 
 
 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
 
 Manzanillo Robert Francis Barney, Consul. 
 Mexico (City of) Wm. J. de Gress, Consul. Karl H. Baker, 
 Vice Consul. 
 
 HONDURAS. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Francisco de la Fuente Ruiz, Consul. Rivero 
 .Vidal, Vice Consul. , 
 
 Vera Cruz Jose" Miron y Mosquera, Consul. 
 
 ITALY. 
 
 Carmen Island Domencio Benedetto Parodi, Consular Agent. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Giacinto Paoletti, Vice Consul. 
 
 Mazatlan Angelo Canobbio, Consular Agent. 
 
 Monterey Reinaldo Beradi, Consular Agent. 
 
 Puebla Luigi Canesi, Consular Ai^ent. 
 
 Tampico Enrico Tessada, Consular Agent. 
 
 Vera Cruz Bernardo Chelemberg, Acting Vice Consul.
 
 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. .365 
 
 JAPAN 
 Mexico (City of) Toshiro Fnjibi, Consul. 
 
 NICARAGUA. 
 
 Acapulco Doroteo Castillo, Consul. 
 
 HOLLAND. 
 
 Mexico (City of) C. M. G. von During, Consul General. 
 Vera Cruz Erwin Speckter, Consul. 
 
 PARAGUAY. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Ignacio K. Ferrer, Consul General. 
 
 PERU. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Jose de Ansoategui, Consul. 
 Mazatlan David A. Urrea, Consul. 
 
 PORTUGAL. 
 
 Carmen Island Francisco C. Cicero, Consul. 
 Mexico (City of) Jose Philip]), Consul General. 
 Oaxaca Alberto Holm, Vice Consul. 
 San Luis Potosi Jorge Unna, Consul. 
 
 SALVADOR. 
 
 Acapulco Pedro Kastan, Consul. 
 
 San Luis Potosi Manuel Radeon, Consul. 
 
 Vera Cruz Ignacio M. de Castillo y Cos, Consul. 
 
 SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 
 
 Carmen Island E. Elskamp, Vice Consul. 
 
 Frontera Miguel Giraro, Vice Consul. 
 
 Guadalajara Carlos Belin (absent), Vice Consul. Ernesto 
 Plausen, Acting Vice Consul. 
 
 Gu ay mas William Lund, Vice Consul. 
 
 Laguna de Terminos C. A. Stevens, Vice Consul. 
 
 Merida Arthur Peirce, Vice Consul. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Emilio M avers, Consul General. 
 
 Minatitlan Guillermo G. Wright, Vice Consul. 
 
 Progi-eso Arthur Peirce, Vice Consul. 
 
 San Juan Bautista Manuel Janiet, Vice Consul. 
 
 Tampico Gerhard Claussen, Vice Consul. 
 
 Vera Cruz Carlos Guillermo Mertens, Consul. Charles Tro\v- 
 bridge, Vice Consul.
 
 366 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 
 
 DENMARK. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Heimich L. Wiechers, Consul. 
 Vera Cruz Hermann D. Watermeyet', Consul. 
 
 ECUADOR. 
 
 Guaymas Wenceslao Iberri, Vice Consul. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Francisco de la Fuente Ruiz, Con.sul General, 
 
 Vera Cniz Augusto Gentini, Consul. 
 
 SPAIN. 
 
 Campeche Fernando J. Cano Diego, Vice Consul. 
 
 Carmen Island Joaquin Quintana, Vice Consul. 
 
 Celaya Ensebio Gonzalez, Vice Consul. R. Agustin Gonzalez. 
 Acting Vice Consul. 
 
 Chihuahua Federico Sisniega, Vice Consul. 
 
 Cuernavaca Ramon Portillo Gomez, Vice Consul. 
 
 Durango Antonio Juambelz, Vice Consul. 
 
 Guadalajara Manuel Fernandez del Valle, Vice Consul. 
 
 Jalapa Sebastian Canovas y Perez, Vice Consul. 
 
 La .Paz Valeriano Landero, Vice Consul. 
 
 Matamoros -Francisco Armendaiz, Vice Consul. 
 
 Mazatlan Francisco Echeguren, Vice Consul. 
 
 Merida y Progreso Alfredo Dominguez, Vice Consul. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Jose de Perignat, Consul. Rafael de Soto 
 Wilson, Vice Consul. 
 
 Morelia Juan Basagoiti y Uria, Vice Consul. 
 
 Monterey. Valentin Rivero, Consul. 
 
 Oaxaca Jose Zorilla, Vice Consul. 
 
 Puebla Juan Perez, Vice Consul. 
 
 Saltillo Bernardo Sota, Vice Consul. 
 
 San Luis Potosi Ramon Dosal Gutierrez, Vice Consul. 
 
 San Juan Bautista Isidoro M. Diez, Vice Consul. 
 
 Fonala Pedro del Gusto, Consular Agent. 
 
 Tampico Angel S. Trapaga, Vice Consul. 
 
 Tehuantepec Tomds Echazarreta, Vice Consul. 
 
 Tepic Domingo G. de Aguirre, Vice Consul. 
 
 Tuxpan Manuel Morales, Vice Consul. 
 
 Vera Cruz Salvador Sea Bermudea, Consul.
 
 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 367 
 
 UNITED .STATES. 
 
 Acapulco J. McCaskey, Consul. 
 
 Altata P. S. Kissing, Consular Agent. 
 
 Magdalena Bay H. G. Schwesinger, Consular Agent. 
 
 Camargo Julian Lacaze, Consular Agent. 
 
 Campeche George J. Gaumer, Consular Agent. 
 
 Chihuahua Luis H. Scott, Consul. William Heimke, Vice 
 Consul. 
 
 Coatzacoalcos Frank W. Carpenter, Consular Agent. 
 
 Durango John S. McCaughan, Consul. Allan McCaughan 
 Vice Consul. 
 
 Ensenada Antony God be, Vice Consul. 
 
 Frontera Michael Girard, Consular Agent. 
 
 Garita Gonzalez Thomas Gilgan, Consular Agent. 
 
 Guadalupe y Calvo William J. Thompson, Consular Agent. 
 
 Guanajuato D wight Furness, Consular Agent. 
 
 Guaymas Alexander Willard, Consul. Charles E. Hale, Vice 
 Consul. 
 
 Guadalajara Frederic A. Newton, Consular Agent. 
 
 Guerrero (Tamaulipas) Henry J. Hamilton, Consular Agent. 
 
 La Paz James Viosca, Jr., Vice Consul. 
 
 Laguna de Terruinos W. H. Bell, Consular Agent. 
 
 Manzanillo Emil Mahlo, Consul. Auguste Koch, Vice Consul. 
 
 Matamoros John B. Richardson, Consul. 
 
 Mazatlan Edward G. Kelton, Consul. William L. Ztiber, Vice 
 Consul. 
 
 Merida Edward H. Thompson, Consul. John M. Gilkey, Vice 
 Consul. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Richard Guenther, Consul General. William 
 Edgar, Vice Consul. 
 
 Mier Henry Vizcayo, Consular Agent. 
 
 Manatitlan William A. Ketchum, Consular Agent. 
 
 Monterey Charles Storck, Consul. Charles H. Petitt, Vice 
 Consul. Ellsworth Wiggins, Consular Agent. 
 
 Nogales- Delos H. Smith, Consul. Josiah E. Stone, Vice Con- 
 sul. 
 
 Nueva Laredo W. P. Sutton, Consul General. J. Gr. Cisco, 
 Consul. Garland L. Mayes, Vice Consul. Charles Andrews, As- 
 sistant.
 
 368 DIPLOMATIC AMJ CONSULAR SERVICE. 
 
 Paso del Norte Archibald Sampson, Consul. W. B. McLach- 
 leu, Vice Consul. 
 
 Piedras Negras Eugene O. Fechet, Consul. James B. Allen. 
 Vice Consul. Samuel M. Simmons, Consular Agent and Vice Con 
 sul. 
 
 Punta de Santa Cruz Conrad Cloetta, Consular Agent. 
 
 Progreso Anastasio M. Azoy, Consular Agent. 
 
 Saltillo John Woessner, Consul. 
 
 San B.-jnito (Chiapas) J. A. Quinby, Consular Agent. 
 
 San Bias Richard Lambert, Consul. James W. Stephens, Vice 
 Consul. 
 
 San Jose (Lower California) Abraham Kurnitzky, Consular 
 Agent. 
 
 San Luis Potosi James P. Turnbull, Consular Agent. Marion 
 ~K. Beall, Consular Agent. 
 
 Tampico Adam Lisberknecht, Consul. Neill E. Pressly. Vice 
 Consul. 
 
 Tehuantepec and Salina Cruz James VV. Jefferis, Consular Agent. 
 
 Tuxpan John Drayton, Consul. 
 
 Vera Cruz W. W. Apperson, Consul. Paul Guma, Vice Con- 
 sul. 
 
 Zacatecas Howard Hatch, Consular Agent. 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
 Acapulco Domingo de Alzuyeta, Consular Agent. 
 
 Campeche Julian E. Quintero, Consular Agent. 
 
 Guanajuato Alfred Duges, Consular Agent. 
 
 Guadalajara Theophile Fortoul (absent), Consular Agent. 
 Antoine Jouve, Acting Consular Agent. 
 
 Jicaltepec and San Rafael Pierre Naude, Consular Agent. 
 
 Mazatlan Louis Reynaud (absent). Consular Agent. Henri 
 Claisse, Acting Consular Agent. 
 
 Merida and Progreso J. E. Chauvet, Consular Agent. 
 
 Saltillo Edouard R. Laroche, Consular Agent. 
 
 Tampico Fernando Dubail, Vice Consul. 
 
 Tehuantepec Henry de Gives, Consular Agent. 
 
 Tonnla Leopoldo Gout, Consular Agent 
 
 Tuxpan Jose Mari i Moral Manso, Consular Agent. 
 
 Vera Cruz Edouard SenYpe, Consul.
 
 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 369 
 
 GREECE. 
 
 Mexico (City of) German Bossier, Consul General. 
 
 GREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 Campeche Domingo Diego y Diego, Vice Consu 1 . 
 
 Federal District (City of Mexico) Lionel Edward Gresley Car- 
 den, Consul in the Republic, excepting the States of Veracruz, 
 Yucatan, Campeche and Tabasco. Ensenada Herbert Nelson Lear, 
 Vice Consul. 
 
 Frontera Jose C. Diaz, Consular Agent. 
 
 Guaymas George Wood, Vice Consul. 
 
 Caruien Island -Alfred Latch, Vice Consul. 
 
 Minatitlan James Wright, Vice Consul. 
 
 Mazatlan Charles Woolrich, Vice Consul. 
 
 Progreso Arthur Peirce, Vice Consul. 
 
 San Benito and Tonal& George Wilson, Vice Consul. 
 
 Tuxpan H. A. Forrest, Vice Consul. 
 
 Tepic John Allssopp y Manrique, Vice Consul. 
 
 Vera Cruz Daniel A. Miron, Vice Consul. 
 
 SANTO "DOMINGO. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Francisco de la Fuente Ruiz, Consul General. 
 
 SWITZERLAND. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Carlos Courvoisier, Consul General. Jorge 
 Grieshabert, Acting Consul. 
 
 VENEZUELA. 
 
 Mexico (City of) Luis Elizondo, Consul General. Jose V. del 
 Collado, Vice Consul. 
 
 Tampico Joaquin G. Castilla, Consul. 
 Vera Cruz Luis G. Dosal, Consul. 
 
 LIST OF MEXICAN CONSULS ABROAD. 
 
 GERMANY. 
 
 Bremen F. G. Michailis, Vice Consul. 
 
 Berlin Julius Samelson, Consul, 33, Unter den Linden. Vice 
 Consul, Franz Gunther Wilmanns. 
 
 Frankfort-on-Main Siegfried A. Lowenstein, Consul, Niedenau 
 No. 84. Juan Pietz, Vice Consul. 
 
 88
 
 370 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 
 
 Hanover Carlos Soiling, Vice Consul. 
 Hamburg Othon M. Velez, Consul. 
 Leipzig Ricardo Huste, Consul, Jacob Strasse, No. 5. 
 Mannheim Hermann Mammelsdorff, Consul, Parade Platz D 1, 
 No. 1. 
 
 Magence Friedrich Feldheim, Consul. 
 
 BRAZIL. 
 
 Pari Francisco Baptista do Silva Aguiar, Consul. 
 Rio de Janeiro Felipe Simoens dos Santos, Consul. 
 
 BELGIUM. 
 
 Anvers Wilhelm Christophersen, Consul, Rernpart St. Georges 
 No. 55.^ Vice Consul, Oscar Dhanis. 
 
 Brussels Gustave Martini, Vice Consul, Rue du Marais, No. 
 37. 
 
 Ghent Astere Vercruysse Bracq, Vice Consul, Ruelongue des 
 Violettes, No. 64. 
 
 Liege Jules Blanplain, Vice Consul. 
 
 BOLIVIA. 
 
 La Paz Apolinar Aramayo, Consul. 
 
 CHILE. 
 
 Valparaiso David Williamson, Consul. 
 
 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. 
 
 Santo Domingo Julian de la Roclia, Consul General. 
 
 DENMARK. 
 
 Copenhagen Marx Koppel, Consul. 
 
 Saint Thomas Eeluardo H. Moron, Vice Consul. Chancellor, 
 Ignacio H. Moron. 
 
 ECUADOR. 
 
 Guayaquil -'Martin Reimberg, Acting Consul. 
 
 SPAIN. 
 
 Alicante Ramon Guillen, Vice Consul. 
 
 Barcelona Manuel Payno, Consul General. Jose Augustin Gu- 
 tierrez, Vice Consul. Ernesto Elorduy, Chancellor. 
 
 Bilbao Valentin Barra, Consul. Jose Barra, Vice Consul. 
 
 Cadiz Augustin Sanchez yde Antunano, Consul, Calle de San 
 Francisco, No. 31. Luis Chorro, Vice Consul.
 
 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 371 
 
 Cordoba Eduardo Alvarez, Consul. 
 
 Coruiia Cosine Payno, Consul, Calle de la Alameda, No. 9. 
 R. Fernandez Troncoso. Vice Consul and Acting Consul. 
 
 Ferrol Demetrio Pla, Vice Consul. 
 
 Gijon Buenaventura Barbachano, Vice Consul and Acting Con- 
 sul. 
 
 Granada Jose Serrano y Gavarre Trebuesto, Consul, Carrera de 
 Darro, No. 15. Manuel de la Chica, Vice Consul. 
 
 Havana Andres Clemente Vazquez, Consul General, Calle de 
 Tejadillo, No. 43. Arturo Palomino, Chancellor. 
 
 Huelva Antonio Garcia Ramos, Vice Consul. 
 
 Jerez de la Frontera Julian Gutierrez, Vice Consul. 
 
 Irun Francisco Iglesias, Vice Consul. 
 
 Las Palmas (Canary Islands) Jose Martin Velasco, Consul. 
 
 Madrid Manuel Gomez Velasco, Consul. 
 
 Malaga Manuel Gil, Consul, Beatas, No. 25. Francisco Mal- 
 <lonado Carrion, Vice Consul. 
 
 Manila (Philippine Islands) Evaristo Battle Hernandez (absent), 
 Consul. Calle Real, No. 37. Intramuros. Tomiz Garcia Ruiz, 
 Acting Consul. 
 
 Palma de Mallorca (Balearic Islands) Juan Camps y Alcover, 
 Vice Consul, C le de la Merced, No. 48. 
 
 Porto Rico Jose T. Silva, Vice Consul, Calle de Tetuan, no. 35 
 
 Sta. Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands) Angel Crosa, Private 
 .Consul and Agent. 
 
 Santa Maria Luis de Castro Palomino y de Grajales, Consul. 
 
 Santander Manuel Sanchez y de Antunano, Consul. 
 
 San Sebastian Manuel Gorostidi, Consul. 
 
 Santiago de Cuba Pablo Bory de la Cruz, Vice Consul. 
 
 Sevilla Manuel Fernandez y Pasalagua, Consul, Calle de la La- 
 guna, No. 18. 
 
 Valencia Eduado Salinas, Consul, S. Fernando, Nos. 35 y 37. 
 Eduardo Salinas Romero, Chancellor. 
 
 Vigo Eudoro Pardo Laborte, Vice Consul. 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 Boston Arturo P. Gushing, Consul. Edward A. Adams, Vice 
 Consul. F. Macin, Chancellor.
 
 372 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 
 
 Brownsville Manuel Trevino, Consul, Elizabethstreet. L. 
 Longoria, Chancellor. 
 
 Chicago Felipe Berriozabal (hijo), Consul. 
 
 Deming Carlos F. Pasalagua, Consul. 
 
 Eagle Pass Salvador F. Maillefert, Consul, Commercial St. 
 
 El Paso Jesus Escobar y Armendariz, Consul. Manuel X. 
 Velarde, Chancellor. 
 
 Philadelphia Rafael G. Acosta, Consul. 
 
 Galveston Francisco de P. Villasana, Consul. 
 
 Kansas City Hiram S. Thompson, Acting Consul. 
 
 Laredo Lisandro Lameda Diaz, Consul, Jarvis Square. Rafael 
 Varrios y Daguerre, Chancellor. 
 
 Los Angeles Joaquin Diaz Prieto, Consul, Main St., 107. 
 
 Mobile A. Le-Baron, Vice Consul. 
 
 Nogales Felipe A. Labadie, Consul. Alberto Altamirano, Act- 
 ing Chancellor. . 
 
 New Orleans Manuel Gutierrez Zatnora, Consul-, Commercial 
 Place, 13. A. de Witt, Chancellor. 
 
 New York Juan N. Navarre, Consul General, 35 Broadway. 
 Ramon V. Williams, Acting Chancellor. 
 
 Phoenix Martin Arce, Consul. 
 
 Pensacola Jaime N. Moreno, Acting Vice Consul. 
 
 Rio Grande City Jose Zayas Guarneros, Consul. 
 
 Rome Jose M. Quifiones, Consul. 
 
 San Antonio Plutarco Ornelas, Consul, Acequia Street between 
 Salinas and Obraje. 
 
 San Francisco Alejandro K. Coney, Consul General, 604 Clay 
 St. Jose F. Godoy, Vice Consul. Jose F. Dosal, Chancellor. 
 
 San Diego Antonio V. Lomeli, Consul, 5th St., First National 
 Bank Block. 
 
 St. Louis Juan F. Cahill, Consul, 216 North 8th St. 
 
 Tucson Rufino Velez, Vice Consul. 
 
 COLOMBIA. 
 
 Bogota Ricardo Nunez, Consul. J. M. Vargas Heredia, Acting 
 Consul. 
 
 Colon Jose A. Cespedes, Vice Consul. 
 Panamd Tom as Arias, Consul.
 
 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 373 
 
 VENEZUELA. 
 
 Caracas Jose Antonio Sanchez, Vice Consul and Acting Consul. 
 Carupano Jeronimo Cerisola, Vice Consul. 
 
 La Guayra Eyaristo Diaz Rojas, Vice Consul, Calle del Comer- 
 cio, No. 44. 
 
 Maracaibo Alejandro Liibert, Consul. 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
 Bayonne J. M. Garcia de Isla, Consul, Cours de Tourny, No. 53. 
 
 Bordeaux Joaquin Garcia Conde, Consul. Rafael PeHaflores, 
 Chancellor. 
 
 Fort de France (Martinique) Eugenic Dupre, Vice Consul, 
 lirande Rue, no. 11. 
 
 Havre Luis Maneyro, Consul. Federico Borrell, Chancellor. 
 
 Marseilles Eugenic Lacroix. Consul. 
 
 Nice Enrile Usquin, Consul. 
 
 Pads Ignacio M. Altamirano, Consul General. Francisco de P. 
 Pasalagua, Vice Consul and Chancellor. 
 
 St. Jean de Luce Manuel Hilario Pastor, Vice Consul, Villa 
 Trinidad. 
 
 Saint Nazaire, Platon Roa, Consul, Maison Monjalon, Rue Villes 
 Martin. Eduardo Caraballo, Chancelloi-. 
 
 GREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 
 
 Barrow-in-Furness John Fisher, Vice Consul. 
 
 Bridgetown (Barbadoes) Waldemar Hanchell, Consul. 
 
 Cardiff Felipe de Jugo y Urcullo, Private Commercial Agent, 4 
 Mount Stuart Square. 
 
 Dover Francis William Prescott, Vice Consul. 
 
 Dublin Joseph Manly, Consul. 
 
 Fal mouth Guillermo Naylor Cai-ne, Vice Consul. 
 
 Gibraltar Joaquim da Costa Freire, Consul. 
 
 Glasgow G. Templeton, Consul. 
 
 Great Grimsby Peter Haagensen, Consul. John F. Frolik, 
 Commercial Agent. 
 
 Hongkong Augusto Jose Rosario, Vice Consul. 
 
 Inverness Duncan Shaw, Vice Consul. 
 
 Liverpool Fernando Prado, Consul, Manchester Buildings, Ti- 
 thebarne, 7. A. Rondan, Chancellor.
 
 374 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 
 
 London Aurelio Melgarejo, Consul General, Gt. Winchester St. r 
 2, E. C. Carlos Rode, Chancellor. 
 
 Manchester Carlos Behrens, Acting Consul. 
 
 Montreal (Canada) D. A. Ansell, Consul General. 
 
 Newcastle- on-Tyne G. Jenkins, Vice Consul. 
 
 Newport William Esau Heard, Consul, 69 Dock Street. 
 
 Southampton Jose M. Pastor y Landero, Consul, 79 High St., 
 High Chambers. 
 
 Swansea John Richardson Francis, Private Commercial Agent. 
 
 GUATEMALA. 
 
 Guatemala G. Magafia, Acting Consul. 
 Quezaltenango Jose Parra y Alvarez, Consul. 
 Retalhuleu Teofilo Palacios. Vice Consul. 
 
 HAYTI. 
 Port-au-Prince Cheri Coen, Consul. 
 
 HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 
 
 Honolulu H. Renjes, Consul. 
 
 ITALY. 
 
 Florence Genaro Placci, Vice Consul. "'. 
 
 Genoa Dr. Carlos Wesch, Consul General. Tito Basso, Vice 
 Consul. 
 
 Messina 1 Juan Sofio, Vice Consul. 
 
 Naples Giuseppe Tramontane, Consul. 
 
 Palermo Antonio Ottavio Dichiara, Vice Consul. 
 
 Rome Enrique Angelini, Consul. 
 
 Venice Emilio Sicher, Consul. 
 
 JAPAN. 
 Yokohama Pierre Marie Saltarel, Consul. 
 
 MONACCO. 
 Monacco Emile Usquin, Consul General. 
 
 NETHERLANDS. 
 
 Amsterdam E. W. F. Ipeij, Consul, 215 Weerengracht. 
 
 Rotterdam Charles de Bruyn, Consul. 
 
 
 
 PARAGUAY. 
 
 Asuncion Jose Mernes, Consul.
 
 DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR SERVICE. 375 
 
 PORTUGAL. 
 
 Lisbon Luis Breton y Vedra, Consul General, Caes de Sodre, 
 No. 4. Candido Figueiredo, Vice Consul. Federico Doarte Coello, 
 Chancellor. 
 
 Oporto Constantino Rodriguez Batalha, Vice Consul, Roa de 
 Bellomonte, No. 92. 
 
 RUSSIA. 
 
 Odessa Alejandro Gowrovitch, Vice Consul. 
 St. Petersburg Emil Heilborn, Consul. 
 
 SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 
 
 Christiania P. O. Hansen Balling, Consul. 
 Gotenburg Roberto Bersen, Consul. 
 Stockholm Otto Heilborn, Consul. 
 
 SWITZERLAND. 
 
 Geneva Hercules Saviotti Consul General. 
 
 URUGUAY. 
 Montevideo Pedro Farini, Consul. Carlos Farini, Chancellor.
 
 THE FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 THE EXECUTIVE. 
 
 President of the Republic, General Porfirio Diaz. Chief of Staff, 
 General Martin Gonzalez. Private Secretary, Rafael Chousal. 
 Governor of the National Palace, General Agustin Pradillo. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN DELATIONS. 
 Secretary, Ignacio Mariscal. Subsecretary, Manuel Azpiroz. 
 
 BUREAU OF AMERICA AND ASIA. 
 
 Chief, Luis G. Bossero. 1st Officer, Pedro A. Magana. 2d Offi- 
 cer, Demetrio V. Guzman. 3d Officer, Carlos F. de la Regata. 1st 
 Clerk, Felipe Landgrave. 2d Clerk, Wenceslao de la Maza. 3d 
 Clerk, Juan M. Escalante. Assistant Clerk, Alfonso Calderon. 
 
 BUREAU OF EUROPE AND AFRCIA. 
 
 Chief, Felix Galindo. 1st Officer, Jose F. Rus. 2d Officer, Juan 
 M. O. de Montellano. 1st Clerk. Calixto Magana. 2d Clerk, J. 
 M. Gaona. Assistant Clerk, Alfredo Sarrazin. 
 
 CONSULAR BUREAU. 
 
 Chief, Manuel Zapata Vera. 1st Officer, Joaquin Velarde. 2d 
 
 Officer, Joaquin Zarco. 3d Officer, Mariano Perez Gallardo. 1st 
 
 Clerk, Antonio Lozano. 2d Clerk, Alvaro Alas. 3d Clerk, Er- 
 nesto Subikurski. Assistant Clerk, Isidore Pastor. 
 
 REGISTRATION BUREAU. 
 
 Chief, Francisco J. Osorno. 1st Officer, Gabriel Zarate. Officer 
 of Statistics, Carlos Fernandez. Engrossing Officer. Agustin J. 
 Campos. English Translator, Luis Ricoy. German Translator, 
 Alberto Cagiga. Registry Officer, Bernardo Zetina. 1st Clerk, 
 Manuel Landgrave. 2d Clerk, Antonio Perm. Assistant Clerk, 
 Miguel Sagaseta. 
 (376)
 
 THE FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION-. 377 
 
 BUREAU OF ARCHIVES AND LIBRARY. . 
 
 Chief, Francisco Garcia Conde. Librarian, Francisco Diez de 
 Bonilla. 1st Clerk, Fernando Serrano. 2d Clerk, Manuel Escobar. 
 Assistant Clerk, Manuel H. Mateos. 
 
 GENERAL NATIONAL RECORDS OFFICE. 
 
 Chief, Justino Rubio. Clerk, Francisco Savinon. Draughtsman, 
 Antonio E. de Jos Monteros. 1st Clerk, Crisoforo Magafia. 2d 
 Clerk, Tomas Alarcon. 3d Clerk, Alfredo de la Portilla. 4th 
 Clerk, Teodoro Landgrave. Assistant Clerk, Cdrlos Gonzalez. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AND PUBLIC CREDIT. 
 
 Secretary, Benito Gomez Farias. Private Clerks, Lazaro Agui- 
 lar, Alberto Michel. 1st Subsecretary, Jose Antonio Gamboa- 
 2d Subsecretary, Emiliano Busto. Clerk, Carlos Barberena. 
 
 FIRST BUREAU CUSTOM HOUSES. 
 
 Chief, Ignacio Castillo y Cos. 1st Officers, Adrian Troncoso, Jose 
 de T. Ortega, Manuel M. Cabrera. 2d Officers, Miguel M. Yrigo- 
 yen, Emilio Longoria. .'id Officers, Luis G. Rodriguez, Eugenio 
 Bar'reiro, Francisco 1). Macin. 4th Officers, Rafael Castillo, An- 
 tonio Romero. 5th Officer, Salvador Zapata Torres. Appraisers, 
 Manuel Llano, Ricardo B. Suarez. Clerks, Manuel Quintanar, 
 Jesus Garibay, David Gonzalez, Valentin Portal, Alfredo Casarin> 
 Angel Silva Montellano, Ignacio Navarette. Assistant Clerk, En- 
 rique Rodriquez. Recording Officei 1 , Arturo del Frago. Corre- 
 sponding Officer, Joaquin G. Castilla. 1st Inspector, Gregorio Gal- 
 van. 1st Watchman, Ismael Guzman. 
 
 SECOND BUREAU PUBLIC AND FORFEITED PROPERTY. 
 
 Chief, Marcos Ross. 1st Officer, Felix Cid del Prado. 2d Offi- 
 cers, Agustin Gil, Francisco Quintero, Ramon Alcalde. 3d Officer, 
 Luis Rojas. 4th Officer, Manuel Sagaseta. Clerks, Francisco 
 Salazar, Francisco Herrera, Enrique Vincourt, Manuel Rincon, 
 Emilio Arrioja, Leopoldo Ortega. Assistant Clerks, Guillermo Co- 
 lina, Francisco Lejarazu. . Registry Officer, Tomas Vazquez. 
 
 THIRD BUREAU INTERIOR TAXES AND APPROPRIATIONS. 
 
 Chief, Manuel Necoechea. 1st Officer, Fedeiico Aubry. 2d Offi- 
 cer, Jo.se S. Ruiz. 3d Officer, Cristobal 'Y. Crespo. 4th Officer,
 
 378 THK FEUKRAL ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 Ignacio Bernaldez. Clerks, Angel Corral, Manuel G. Vegn, En- 
 rique Morales, Juan B. Gallarclo. 
 
 FOURTH BUREAU TREASURY ACCOUNTS. 
 
 Chief, Julio Jimenez. Paymaster, Salvador Zapata. Engineer, 
 Ignacio Cevallos. Bookkeeper, Matias Lozano. Assistants, Dio- 
 doro Ramirez, Jose M. Madariaga. Recording Officer, Adolfo de la 
 Portilla. Clerks, Mariano Ruiz Sardo, Juan Bmueco Ocampo* 
 Amado Banuet, Enrique Zerecero. 
 
 FIFTH BUREAU CIVIL AND MILITARY PAYMENTS. 
 
 Chief, Jose Miguel Enriquez. 1st Officer, Francisco Campos. 2d 
 Officers, Eraclio Silva, Arturo A. Mercado. 3d Officers, Carlos 
 Mayorga, Pedro Cortazar, Luis Banuet. Clerks, Francisco Valen- 
 zuela, Enrique L. Acevedo, Manuel Salcedo, Antonio Guizar, Ja- 
 coba Romero. Assistant Clerks, Joaquin Esteves, Eduardo Arosa- 
 mena, Carlos Diaz. Recording Officer, Ignacio Bribiesca. 
 
 SIXTH BUREAU PUBLIC CREDIT AND MINTS. 
 
 Chief, Jose Teofilo Fonscea. 1st Officers, Jose Manuel Muiioz, 
 Enrique Pomier. 2d Officers, Francisco Ramirez Castaneda, Joa- 
 quin G. Belendez. Clerks, Tomaa Cisnero.s, Antonio Merves, Luis 
 Perez Valiente, Guillermo Serrano. Bookkeeper, Joaquin Gomez 
 Vergara. Recording Officer, Eduardo Fernandez. 
 
 SEVENTH BUREAU FISCAL STATISTICS. 
 
 Chief, Javier Stavoli. 1st Officer, Emilio Alernan. 2d Officers. 
 Juan N. Ceballos, Guillermo Thompson. 3d Officers, Anselmo deLi 
 Portilla, Carlos Arango. 4th Officers, Joaquin Ymas, Juan E- 
 Ramirez. Clerks, Antonio Lejarazu, Alfredo Miranda, Jose Salcedo, 
 Pedro Murillo, Sfcrah'n Salcido, Roman Chiapa, Enrique Gomez Ga- 
 llardo. 
 
 EIGHTH BUREAU COMMERCE AND INSTITUTIONS OF CREDIT. 
 
 Chief, (Vacant). 1st Officer, Juan C. Barquera. 2d Officer, 
 Ricardo M. Campos. 3d Officer, Carlos Herrera. Clerks, Javier 
 .Stavoli, Juan E-icamilla, Constantino L. Mondragon, Manuel Blasio. 
 Assistant Clerks, Arturo Silva, Aurelio Lopez. 
 
 BUREAU OF ARCHIVES. 
 
 Keeper of Archives, Eduardo Guerrero. Officer, Ricardo Molina. 
 Clerks, Rudolfo Lopez Matroso, Constancio Valdivia. Assistant 
 Clerk, Cfvsar Kampfner.
 
 THE FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION. 37 i) 
 
 BUREAU OF REGISTRATION. 
 
 Chief, Demetrio Mejia de Leon. Officer, Federico Hevia. Clerks, 
 Angel Vivanco Esteve, Luis Gonzales. 
 
 LIBRARY. 
 
 Chief, Felipe Buenrostro. Officers, Francisco Alegre, Emilio 
 Lynch Zaklivar. Clerks, Abel Slivo, Agustin Cervantes. Fiscal 
 Prosecutor, Enrique Vallejo. Clerk, Pedro V. Velasco. 
 
 TREASURY OF THE FEDERATION. 
 
 Treasurer General, Francisco Espinosa. Registry Officer, Luis 
 G. Yaldespino. Clerk, Federico Gonzalez. 
 
 CONTROLLER'S OFFICE. 
 
 Controller, Evaristo Asnar. 1st Bookkeeper, 'Jose X. Cortes. 2d 
 Bookkeeper; Celso Vera. Clerks, Juan M. Calderon, Cecilio 
 Bringas. 
 
 CASHIER'S OFFICE. 
 
 Cashier, Francisco Garcia Gonzalez. Assistant Cashier, Ignacio 
 Pai-res. Collectors, Juan Escobar, Manuel M. Parra. Clerk, Miguel 
 Gallegos. 
 
 FIRST BUREAU TAXATION. 
 
 Chief Recandacion, Jesus G. Gavino. 1st Officer, Antonio Perez 
 de Leon. 2d Officers, Antonio Gayosso, Regino Tovar. 3d Offi- 
 cers, Manuel Artisti, Rafael de J. Nieto. 4th Officers, Jose Maria 
 Rizo, Manuel Yberri. Bookkeeper, Manuel Castaneda. Assistant 
 Bookkeeper, Pedro A. Jsavarelte. Clerks, Jgnacio Silva, Salva- 
 dor Fernandez Guerra, Daniel Romero, Miguel Monies de Oca, 
 Francisco Guerrero, Arnulfo Almazan, Rodolfo Marin, Alejandro 
 M. Quirinday. 
 
 BUREAU SECOND PAYMENTS TO CIVIL EMPLOYES. 
 
 Chief. Vicente Giron. 1st Officers, German Carrasco, Manuel C!H 
 las Casas. 2d Officers, Antonio Perez, Teotilo Navarrete, Alberto 
 Nuiies, Tomas Madariaga, Mariano Flores Alatorre. 3d Officers, 
 Enrique Sanchez Noriega, Ezequiel Aprais, Pedro A. Robin, Luis 
 G. Esquerro, Francisco Morlet, Jose G. Moreno, Enrique Barberi, 
 Alberto Ordaz. 4th Officers, Felipe Ramos Gutierrez, Rafael Gon- 
 zalez, Wenceslao Reyes, Jesus Arismendi, Jesiis Padilla, Felipe de
 
 380 THE FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 los Cobos, Jose Maria del Valle, Manuel Diaz. Bookkeeper, T. An- 
 tonio Calvo. Assistant Bookkeeper, Miguel Echarte. Clerks, Jose 
 Aguila, Guadalupe Maldonado, Eufemio Escamilla, Mariano Ar- 
 teaga, Rafael Fonseco, Enrique Guerra Manzanares, Ignacio Velasco 
 Vara, Gustavo Lopes, Jose R. Ahedo, Luis Molina, Fernando Bar- 
 bero, Manuel Lopes Guaro, Vicente Romirez, Felipe Zepeda, Manuel 
 Espinosa, Manuel M. Panes, Antonio Ruiz, Frederico Navarro, 
 Mariano S. Febar, Eduardo Goto, Sabino Santillan, Manuel Zaldi- 
 var. 
 
 BUREAU THIRD PAYMENT TO MILITARY EMPLOYES. 
 
 Chief, Luis Ordonez. 1st Officers, Jose G. Malda, Jose G. Bar- 
 ragan. 2d Officers, Romulo Bustamante, Agustin Ybarzabal, Pedro 
 Peniche, Enrique Mendes, Pablo Vargas, Benigno Rico. 3d Officers, 
 Romulo Dueiias, Antonio Zamarripa, Jesus Coto, Manuel Arana, 
 Lviis G. Rarigel, Jesus del Rivero, Moises Santoyo, Jesus M. Mar. 
 gain. 4th Officers, Manuel Garcia Sedano, Pedro Toscano, Felix 
 Carrasco, Austacio Villapadierna. Clerks, Jesus Argumosa, Jose 
 T. Lombardini, Gonzalo Barreiro, Rafael Rico, Fiburcio Vargas, 
 Eugenio Paredes, Miguel Lopez y Pina, Federico Villega, Francisco 
 Hidalgo, Vicente Lopez, Antonio Chavelas, Enrique Calderon, 
 Genaro Paredes, Manuel M. Salas, Joaquin Navarette, Alberto 
 Leger, Pedro G. Plata, Jose L. Morales, Manuel Y. Dominguez, 
 Juan Rueda y Anza, Pastor Perez. Bookkeeper, Enrique Zaldivar. 
 Assistant Bookkeepers, Angel M. Salgado, Gabriel Gracida. 
 
 WAREHOUSES. 
 
 Warehouse Keeper, Macario Llamas. Officer, Felipe Rangel 
 Aranjo. Clerk, Luis Pousel. 
 
 BUREAU FOURTH EXAMINATION OF OFFICE ACCOUNTS. 
 
 Chief, Luis N. Marquez. 1st Officer, Angel Quiroz. 2d Officers, 
 Ignacio. Sotomayor, Joaquin Zerecero, Adolfo Jimenez, Agustin 
 Miron, Pedro Garcia de Leon, Eugenio Gutierrez, Enrique G. Ada- 
 lid, Arturo Suarez Torrens, Manuel Payno. 3d Officers, Octaviano 
 Gonzalez, Manuel Avelleyra, Ignacio Ocadiz, Leonardo Pietra 
 Santa, Miguel Natera, Luis G. Arenas, Ignacio Ceballos, Vicente 
 Hernandez. 4th Officers, Saturnine Carrasco, Jose M. Pina, Juan 
 G. Rosas, Luis IT. C.medo, Jose Malabehar, Enrique J. Paredes.
 
 THE FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION. 381 
 
 Clerks, Mariano Avendano, Gilberto Martinez, Luis Zerecero, 
 Francisco Soni, Fernando Espinosa, Francisco Gomez, Manuel M. 
 Lombardini, Arturo Payno, Francisco T. Fonseca, Alberto Jaime, 
 Manuel Iglesias, Rafael Resales, Francisco Camacho, Adolfo Ruiz 
 Sanchez, Julio Yillar, Vicente Aveleyra, Jos6 Diaz, Luis A. Rivera, 
 Carlos Villegas, Javier Ezeiza. 
 
 BUREAU FIFTH PUBLIC CREDIT. 
 
 Chief, Luis G. Abogado. 1st Officers, Antonio Vidal, Guatimoc 
 Hijar. 2d Officers, Joaquin Moreno, Juan J. Merino, Gonzalo Ma- 
 nero. 3d Officer, Jose M. Almaraz. 4th Officers, Javier Bustinzar, 
 Esteban Ocampo. Bookkeeper, Angel M. Gavidia. Assistant Book- 
 keeper, Antonio Casteneda. Clerks, Manuel Cuadros, Felipe Mar- 
 tel, Agustin Alcocer, Juan del Yillar, Albarto Garay, Francisco 
 Rodea, Jesus Suarez, Ignacio Lugo, Yicente Urbina. 
 
 BUREAU SIXTH LIQUIDATION OF ACCOUNTS. 
 
 Chief, Jose de la Yega. Auditors, Felipe N. Alcalde, Francisco 
 J. Melina, Tomas E. Ramos. Officers, Fernando Marquez, Fer- 
 nando Orozco y Berra, Victor M. Yargas, Vicente Gonzalez, Manuel 
 Villanneva y Serrano, Ernesto Peza. Clerks, Alberto Robles, Juan 
 Catano, Cutberto Gallegos, Jesus Pereyra, Ignacio Rincon, Jose 
 Lozano y Obregon. Bookkeeper, Rafael Morelos. Assistant Book- 
 keeper, Apolinar Carrariza. 
 
 BUREAU OF ARCHIVES. 
 
 Chief, Victoriano Alcerreca. Officer, Miguel Abogado. Clerks, 
 Jose G. Cardena, Gabriel Gavidia. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE AND PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 
 
 Secretary, Joaquin Baranda. Subsecretary, Juan N. Garcia. 
 Registry Officer, Joaquin Casasus. Paymaster, Pedro N. Barrera- 
 
 BUREAU OF JUSTICE. 
 
 Chief, Antonio N. de Medina y Ormaechea. 1st Officer, Ram6n 
 Cardenas. 2d Officer, Jesus P. Barrera. 1st Clerk, Gabriel E. de 
 los Rios. 2d Clerk, Jos6 R. Pedroza. 3d Clerk, F. Javier Flores.
 
 382 THE FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 BUREAU OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 
 
 Chief, Jesus E. Acevedo. 1st Officer, Pedro Gil y Rivas. 2d 
 Officer, Miguel I. Portillo. 1st Clerk, Manuel F. de los Rios. 2d 
 Clerk, Lazaro Gonzalez. 3d Clerk, Roberto Inclan. 
 
 BUREAU OF ARCHIVES. 
 
 Chief, Rafael F. de 1* Pena. Officer, Antonio Revilla. Clerk, 
 Enrique F. Romero. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNICATIONS. 
 
 Secretary, Manuel Gonzalez Cosio. Subsecretary, Leandro Fer- 
 nandez. Private Secretary, Miguel M. Acosta. 
 Postmaster General, Francisco de P. Goshicoa. 
 Director General of Federal Telegraph Lines, Saturnine Islas. 
 
 BUREAU FIRST POST OFFICES, STEAMSHIP LINES, POSTAL UNION, TELE- 
 GRAPHS AND TELEPHONES. 
 
 Chief, Jose Jacinto Jimenez. 1st Officer, Rafael Riveroll. 2d 
 Officer. Geronimo Aguilar. Assistant Officer, Alberto Diaz Ru- 
 gama. Clerks, Marcos M. Marquez, Jose del Moral. Assistant 
 Clerks, Guillermo Parra, Jose Ulibarri. 
 
 BUREAU SECOND RAILROADS, ROADS, CAUSEWAYS, PORTS, RIVERS, 
 
 BRIDGES, LAKES, CANALS AND WORKS FOR THE 
 PROTECTION OF PORTS. 
 
 Chief, Estanislao Velasco. 1st Officer, Manuel Velazquez de 
 Leon. 2d Officer, Jose Peiia. 3d Officers, Rafael L. Velasco. 4th 
 Officers, Francisco Lozano Castro, Serapio Echeverria. 5th Officer, 
 Everardo O. de Montellano. Clerks, Antonio F. Garcia, Primitive 
 H. Carpio, Alejandro Flores Heras, Candido F. Aguayo, Francisco 
 Gonzalez Calderon. Assistant Clerks, Esteban Diaz, Silviano L. 
 G6mez, Miguel Velazquez de Leon, Eugenio Becerra, Miguel Griib. 
 
 BUREAU THIRD LIGHTHOUSES, PUBLIC MONUMENTS, WORKS OF UTILITY 
 
 AND ORNAMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS IN NATIONAL AND CHAPUL- 
 
 TEPEC PALACES, AND DRAINAGE OF VALLEY. 
 
 Chief, Luis Salazar. 1st Officer, Gilberto Montiel Estrada. 2d 
 Officer, Antonio Gaviflo Iglesias. Clerk, Luis G. Ita. Assistant 
 Clerk, Joaquin Rivera y Ricoe.
 
 THE FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION. 383 
 
 BUREAU OF ARCHIVES. 
 
 Chief, Jose R. Caenca. Clerks, Arturo Lazo, Ignacio Garcia. 
 Assistant Clerks, Luis Monies de Oca, Manuel Valdes. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS. 
 
 Secretary, Manuel Fernandez Leal. Subsecretary, Gilberto Crespo 
 y Martinez. 
 
 BUREAU FIRST GEOGRAPHY, STATISTICS, COLONIZATION, AND 
 
 PUBLIC LANDS. 
 
 Chief, Adolfo Diaz Rugama. 2nd Officer, Jose Andapia. 3d 
 Officer, Aiubrosio Espinosa. 4th Officer, Miguel Camacho. 5th 
 Officer, Manuel Huidobro de Azua. Auxiliary Officers, Fran- 
 cisco Portillo, Romulo Zamora. Clerks, Luis Barrios, Pedro 
 Vallejo. Registry Officer, Francisco Carrillo. Clerks, Miguel 
 Munoz, Mariano Rios. Assistant Clerks, Francisco Gaetan, Jose 
 Maria Rodriguez, Joaquin de Mier y Teran. 
 
 PUBLIC LANDS SECTION BELONGING TO BUREAU FIRST. 
 
 1st Officer (Acting Chief), Francisco Masa. 4th Officer, Gabriel 
 Masa. Consulting Engineer, Jose Maria Alva. Assistant Clerks, 
 Manuel F. Luna, Julio Contreras. 
 
 BUREAU SECOND INDUSTRY, INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY, AGRICULTURE, 
 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
 
 Chief, Miguel Tglesias. 1st Officer, Jose Maria Iglesias. 2cl 
 Officers, Joaquin Besne, Andres Basurto. 3d Officers, Manuel Tolsa 
 Albino Nuncio. Clerks, Emigdio Priego, Arturo Diaz Covarrubias, 
 Maximiliano Chabert, Enrique Diaz Covarrubias, Gabriel Pajares. 
 Assistants to this Bureau, Enrique F. Miranda, Manuel Garcia 
 Torres. Mariano Silva. Assistant Clerks, Guillermo Efren Carmona, 
 Luis Muro. 
 
 BUREAU OF ARCHIVES. 
 
 Chief, Francisco Sosa. Officer, Acting Paymaster, Francisco de 
 P. Montes de Oca. Registry Officer, Roberto Santa Maria. Clerk, 
 Modesto Inchaurregui. Assistant Clerk, Gabriel Vargas. Assist- 
 ant Registry Clerk, Juan Becerra.
 
 384 THE FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 BUREAU THIRD MINING. 
 
 Chief, Eduardo Martinez Baca. 1st Officer, Alberto Best. 2d 
 Officer, Isidore Aldasoro. 3d Officers, Miguel Zires, Cayetano 
 Garza Cortina. 4th Officers, Agustin Alfredo Nunez, Angel Diaz 
 Hernandez. Clerks, Alberto I. Mufioz, Juan Martinez Baca, 
 Manuel de la Vega. Assistant Clerks, Francisco P. Hoyos, Pedro 
 Mufioz. 
 
 CHART AND MAP DRAWING. 
 
 Director, Ignacio Molina. 1st Draughtsmen, Mauricio C. Cas- 
 tro, Ricardo Tangassi, Apolonio Tellez Giron. 2d Officers, Jose 
 Ortega Espinosa, Alberto Gomez Llata. Assistants, Jose Salazar, 
 Agustin Larrea y Cordero. 
 
 BUREAU OF STATISTICS. 
 
 Director, Antonio Penafiel. 1st Officer, Guillermo Herrera. 2d 
 Officers, Lamberto Asiain, Jose C. Segura, Ed uardo Ferrer, Emigdio 
 Garcia de Leon. Registry Officer, Pedro Carbajal. Clerks, Alberto 
 Castro, Manuel del Castillo, Constancio Castellanos, Luis del Rio, 
 Eduardo Carreto, Emilio Garza, Enrique Garibay, Luis Rocha. 
 Assistant Clerks, Enrique Consalvi, Jesus D. del Castillo, Vicente 
 Bringas. 
 
 PHOTO-ENGRAVING OFFICE. 
 
 Director, Julio Pefiatiel. Photographer, Porfirio Penafiel. Assist 
 ant Photographers, Porfirio Salamanca, Ismael Cardenas. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. 
 
 Secretary, Manuel Romero Rubio. Subsecretary, Manuel A. 
 Mercado. Private Secretary, Rosendo Pineda. 
 
 CHIEFS OF BUREAUS. 
 
 First Bureau, Ramon Manterola; Second, Jose Sotuyo; Third, 
 General Francisco M. Ramirez; Fourth, Juan de Dios Peza. 
 Archives, Joaquin B. Romero. 
 
 GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL DISTRICT. 
 
 Governor of the District, General Jose Ceballos. Secretary, 
 Nicolas Islas. Chief Clerk, Ignacio Bejarano. Inspector- General 
 of Police, General Luis Carballeda. Secretary of Inspector, Antonio 
 Z. Rojas.
 
 THE FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION. 385 
 
 COMMON COUNCIL OF CITY OF MEXICO YEAR 1892. 
 
 1st, Alderman and President of Council, Manuel M. Contreras; 
 2d, Eduardo Rincon Gallardo; 3d, Jose M. Carballeda; 4th, M. San- 
 chez Navarro; 5th, Luis Lavie; 6th, Nicolas Ramirez Arellano; 7th, 
 Alejandro Escandon; 8th, Romualdo Zamora y Duque; 9th, Luis 
 Salazar; 10th, Nicolas de Teresa (hijo); llth, Antonio Alvarez 
 Rul; 12th, Julio Limantour; 13, Rafael Arrillaga; 14th, Alberto 
 Arellano y Millan; 15th, Rafael M. de Arozarena; 16th, Adolfo 
 Diaz Rngama: 17th, Javier Algara; 18th, Pedro Ordonez; 19th, 
 Tomas Moran; 20th, Ignacio C. Toro. 
 
 Counselors, Joaquin Salazar y Murphy, Fernando Vega. 
 
 STANDING COMMITTEES. 
 
 Finance, Manuel M. Contreras, Eduardo Rincon Gallardo, Jose 
 M. Carballeda, Luis La vie, Joaquin Salazar y Murphy. Water 
 Supply, Luis Salazar. Public Lighting and Elections, Julio Liman- 
 tour. Jails, Fernando Vega. Wagons and Carts, Antonio Alvarez 
 Rul. Hacks, Tomas Moran. Public Amusements, Alejandro Es- 
 candor. Festivities, M. Sanchez Navarro. Weights and Measures, 
 Javier Algara. Encouragement to Artisans, Pedro Ordonez. Public 
 Instruction, Nicolas Ramirez de Arellano. Street Sweeping and 
 Clocks, Ignacio Toro. Markets, Rafael M.. de Arozarena. Public 
 Works, Adolfo Diaz Rugama. Cemeteries, Romualdo Zamora y 
 Duque. Drives and Public Squares, Nicolas de Teresa. Police and 
 Publications, Alberto Arellano. Slaughter Houses, Rafael Arrillaga. 
 
 WAR AND NAVY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Secretary, General Pedro Hinojosa. Subsecretary , General Ignacio 
 Maria Escudero. 
 
 CHIEFS OF BUREAUS. 
 
 First, Colonel Rafael Echenique; second, Col. Juan Arellano Zen- 
 teno; third, Col. T. Ramon Villa vecencio. Library, Major Faustino 
 Reynoso. Archives, Lieut. -Col. Jesus Monterde. 
 
 CHIEFS OF DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 Special Staff, Col. Rodrigo Valdes. Engineers, General Gaspar 
 Sanchez Ochoa. Artillery, General Alejandro Pezo. Navy, Cap- 
 tain Jose Maria de la Vega. Military Corps, Epifanio Cacho. In- 
 fantry, General Antonio Gayon. Cavalry, Col. Miguel Badillo,
 
 386 THE FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 COMMANDERS OP MILITARY ZONES. 
 
 Denomi- 
 nation. States which they comprise. Names. Headquarters. 
 
 1. Sonora, Sinaloa and Lower 
 
 California fieri. Abraham Bandala Torin (Sonora) 
 
 2. Durango and Chihuahua. . Gen. Jose Maria Rangel Chihuahua 
 
 3. Coahuila and Nuevo Leon. Col. Jose del Valle Monterey 
 
 4. Tamaulipas Gen. Emiliano Lojero Matamoros 
 
 5. Jalisco and Colima Gen. Guadalupe Lopez Guadalajara 
 
 6. San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas, 
 
 and Aguascalientes Gen. Joaquin Rivero S. Luis Potosi 
 
 7. Luerctaro and Guanajuato. Gen. Mauuel 0. Nogueras.. . . Leon 
 8. Mexico, Hidalgo, Morelos, 
 
 and Guerrero Gen. Jesus Altamirano Tlanepantla 
 
 9. Puebla, Tlaxcala, and Vera- 
 cruz Gen. Mucio P. Martinez Puebla 
 
 10. Oaxaca and Chiapas Gen. Julio M. Cervantes . . . Oaxaca 
 
 11. Yucatan, Campeche, and 
 
 Tabasco Gen. Luis C. Curiel Campeche 
 
 THE LEGISLATIVE. 
 THE SENATE. 
 
 Alcantara, T. Melesio; Arellano, Felipe; Arguinzoniz, Antonio; 
 Arriaga, Benigno; Aspe, Francisco de R. 
 
 Baz, Enrique. 
 
 Calderon, Esteban; Cafledo, Anastasio T.; Cafiedo, Francisco; 
 Carrillo, Hermenegildo; Castaneda, Jesus; Castellanos, Sanchez M.; 
 Castillo, Apolinar; Couttolene, Jose Maria; Cuellar, Romulo; Can. 
 seco, Agustin; Chavez, Ignacio T. 
 
 Davila, Narciso; Diez Gutierrez, Pedro.* 
 
 Enriquez, Gumesindo. 
 
 Ferrer, Jose Trinidad. 
 
 Garcia, Jesus Alberto; Gonzalez, Agustin R. 
 
 Herrera, Julian; Hornedo, Francisco G. 
 
 Ibarra Ramos, Francisco; Islas, Gabriel M. 
 
 Lancaster Jones, Alfonso; Landa y Escandon, Guillermo de; Leyva, 
 Francisco; Loera, Jesus; Lopez Portillo, Ignacio. 
 
 Maceyra, Felix Francisco; Martinez de Castro, Ricardo; Meijuie- 
 ro, Francisco; Mendizabal, Fernando G.; Montalvo, Juan; Mon- 
 tesinos, Jose; Mora, Antonio.
 
 THE FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION. 387 
 
 
 
 Ortega Reyes, Manuel. 
 Peon y Contreras, Jose. 
 Quaglia, Carlos. 
 
 Raigosa, Genaro; Rio, Agustin del; Rivas, Carlos; Rojas, J. Luis; 
 Rubio, Enrique M. 
 
 Sanchez Castro, Pedro. 
 Tellez, Jose C. ; Teresa Miranda, Jose de. 
 Urueta, Eduardo; Utrilla, Miguel. 
 Velasco, Emilio; Viesca, Andres S. 
 
 CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES. 
 
 Acevedo, Jesus; Acufia, Pedro: Alatriste, Uriel; Alvarez, Jose 
 Ignacio; Andrade, Manuel; Arancivia, Julio; Arce, Jose Maria; 
 Argaiz, Carlos; Arriaga, Camilo; Arroyo de Anda, Agustin; Ayala, 
 Carlos F; Ayala, Jesus; Azcue, Pedro. 
 
 Balandrano, Dario; Barra, Francisco L. de la; Barred a, Joaqmn de 
 la; Barreiro, Eugenio (padre); Barroso, Francisco D.; Barroso, Teles- 
 foio D.; Baz, Emilio; Bejarano, Ignacio; Berea, Diego de A.; Bo- 
 lafios, Benjamin; Bribiesca, Juan; Bueno, Manuel; Bulnes, Fran- 
 cisco; Bustamante, Francisco. 
 
 Canton, Waldemaro G.; Carpio, Angel; Carsi, Manuel; Casasus 
 Joaquin D.; Casco, Rafael; Castellanos, Jose Maria; Castellanos, 
 Juan N.; Castello, Juan B.; Ceballos, Lorenzo; Cerda, Jesus M.; Cer- 
 dan, Agustin; Cervantes, Eutimio; Cisneros Camara, Antonio; 
 Corona, Ramon; Coronado, Mariano; Cosmes, Francisco G.; Cravioto, 
 Simon; Crespo, Gilberto; Cuesta y Lagos, Jose Maria; Curiel. 
 Luis C. 
 
 Chavero, Alfredo; Chazari, Esteban; Chazaro Soler, Jnian; Chou- 
 sal, Luis; Chousal, Rafael. 
 
 Domingues, Ricaros; Darqui, Manuel; Dominguez, Angel M.; 
 Donde, Salvador; Doria, Manuel Z; Dublan, Eduardo; Dubldn, Juan; 
 Dub Ian, Manuel. 
 
 Egea y Galindo, Ricardo; Elguezabal, Alejandro; Escamilla, Vital; 
 Escoto, Joaquin M.; Espafia, Nicolas; Esperon, Antonino G. ; Esteva, 
 Adalberto A. 
 
 Fenochio, Pascual A.; Fernandez, Justino; Fernandez, Serapion- 
 Flores, Florencio; Flores, Luis; Flores, Manuel; Fortune, Leonardo 
 F.; Fuentes y Muniz, Jesus.
 
 388 THE FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION. 
 
 Garcia, Francico; Garoboa, Jose Antonio (hijo); Gamboa, Jos6 
 Maria; Garcia, Arnulfo; Garcia, Daniel; Garcia, Emilio E.; Garcia, 
 Jesus; Garcia, Trinidad; Garcia Heras, Ignacio; Garcia Lopez, Fran- 
 cisco; Garcia Luna, Luis; Garcia Ramirez, Manuel; Garfias, Luis 
 G.; Gochicoa, Francisco de P.; Gomez, Antonio; Gomez, Jose F.; 
 Gomez, Macedonio; Gomez Parada, Manuel; Gomez y Villavicencio, 
 Ramon; Gonzalez, Martin; Gonzalez Porras, Jose; Guillen, Manuel: 
 Giiinchard, Miguel; Gutierrez, Cirilo J.; Gutierrez, Juan; Gutierrez 
 Najera, Manuel. 
 
 Herrera, Mauro S. ; Herrera, Rafael; Hornedo, Ricardo. 
 
 Ita, Carmen de; Izabal, Rtfael. 
 
 Juarez, Benito. 
 
 Labastida, Luis G.; Laclau, Pedro; Landa, Enrique; Landazuri, 
 Pedro; Lara, Donaciano; Lascurain, Roman S. de; Lebrija, Miguel; 
 Limantour, Jos Y.; Le6n, Manuel de; Leon, Marcelo; Levi, Man- 
 uel; Lombardo, Alberto; Lopez de Lara, Domingo; Lozano, Agustin. 
 Llaven, Magin; Llorente y Rocha, Enrique. 
 
 Mackintosh, Enrique G.; Malo, Alberto; Mancera, Gabriel; Ma- 
 riscul, Alonso; Marquez, Galindo Manuel; Martel, Jesus; Mar- 
 tinez, Modesto R.; Mateos, Juan Antonio; Medina, Manuel; Mejia^ 
 Francisco; Mendez, Victor; Mendez Rivas, Federico; Menocal, 
 Francisco de S.; Mercado, Aristeo; Michel, Faustino; Minis, Ma- 
 nuel; Mont, Enrique ;Montiel, Julian; Moreno, .Vicente; Muro, 
 Manuel. 
 
 Nicoli, Jose P.; Nunez, Eulalio; Nunez, Roberto. 
 
 Olivo, Luis; OmaHa, Enrique; Ortiz Monasterio, Angel; Ortiz de 
 Montellano, Mariano. 
 
 Padilla, Angel; Palacios, Alberto L.; Palencia, Francico C.; Pardo, 
 Emilio (Jr.); Paz, Ireneo; Peniche, Manuel; Pefia, Diego de la- 
 Perez Gallardo, Rafael; Perez Ortigoza, Diego; Perez Verdia, Luis; 
 Peza, Juan de Dios; Pimentel, Emilio; Pineda, Rosendo; Pino, 
 Roman; Pliego y Perez, Antonio; Poceros, Francisco; Pombo, Luis; 
 Pradillo, Agustin; Preciado, Manuel V.; Prieto, Guillermo; Prieto 
 y Garza, Jose Maria. 
 
 Rabago, Jesus M.; Ramirez Varela, Manuel; Ramos, Onofre; 
 Reyes Retana, Tomas; Reyes Spindola, Rafael; Riba y Echeverria, 
 Antonio; Rincdn, Leopoldo; Rinc6n, Manuel E.; Rinc6n Gallardo, 
 Francisco; Rincon y Perez, Francisco; Ritt-er, Ernesto; Rivas G6mez,
 
 THE FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION. 389 
 
 Francisco; Rivas Mercado, Antonio; Rivera, Teodoro; Riveroll y 
 Cinta, Ramon; Rodriguez, Ismael; Rodriguez, Pedro L .; Rodriguez 
 Talavera, Rafael; Rojas, Augusto; Romero, Francisco; Romero, 
 Jose Maria; Rubio, Fernando M.; Rubio. Wenceslao; Ruiz, Emilio. 
 
 Saenz Meras, Francisco; Sagaseta, Miguel; Salas, Ismael; Salazar, 
 Demetrio; Salcido, Rafael; Santa Fe, Alberto; Santibanez, Manuel; 
 Seoane, Manuel M.; Sepulveda, Francisco; Serrano, Manuel; Serrano, 
 Miguel; Sierra, Justo; Silva, Agapito; Sort, Enrique. 
 
 Thomas Teran, Manuel; Tico, Manuel; Torre, Juan de la; Torre 
 y Mier, Ignacio de la; Tovar, Antonio. 
 
 TJriarte, Jesus F. ; Utrilla, Miguel. 
 
 Valenzuela, Jesus E ; Vazquez, Francisco; Vazquez, Ignacio; 
 Velazquez, Eduardo; Velez, Francisco (hijo); Vila, Manuel S. 
 
 Zarate, Julio; Zetina, Fernando. 
 
 THE JUDICIARY. 
 
 SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE REPUBLIC. 
 
 Presiding Justice, Francisco Martinez de Arredondo. 
 
 DEPARTMENT I. Presiding Justice, Francisco Martinez de Arre- 
 dondo. Associate Justices, Felix Romero, Eligio Ancona, Federico 
 Sandoval, Jose Maria Vega Liinon. 
 
 DEPARTMENT II. Presiding Justice, Francisco Vaca. Associate 
 Justices, Eustaquio Buelna, Manuel Castilla Portugal. 
 
 DEPARTMENT III. Presidng Justice, Jose Maria Aguirre de la 
 Barrera. Associate Justices, Manuel Saavedra, Prudenciano Do- 
 r antes.
 
 STATE ADMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 STATE. NAME OF GOVERNOR. 
 
 Aguascalientes Alejandro V. del Mercado 
 
 Campeche Joaquin Z. Kerlegand 
 
 Chiapas ^Emilio Rabasa 
 
 Chihuahua Lauro Carrillo 
 
 Coahuila Jose Maria Garza Galan 
 
 Coliraa Gildardo Gomez 
 
 Durango J nan Manuel Fiores 
 
 Guanaj uato Manuel Gonzales 
 
 Guerrero . . , Francisco O. Arce 
 
 Hidalgo Rafael Cravioto 
 
 Jalisco Pedro A. Gal van 
 
 Mexico. . Jo-e Vicente Villada 
 
 Michoacan Mariano Jimenez 
 
 Morelos Jesus H. Preciado 
 
 Nuevo Leon Bernardo Reyes 
 
 Oaxaca Gregorio Chavez 
 
 Puebla ? Rosendo Marquez 
 
 Queretaro Francisco G. Cosio 
 
 San Luis Potosi Carlos Diez Gutierrez 
 
 Sinaloa Mariano Martinez de Castro 
 
 Sonora Luis E. Torres 
 
 Tlaxcala Piospero Calmantzi 
 
 Tabasco Simon Sarlat 
 
 Tamaulipas Alejandro Prieto 
 
 Veracruz Juan de la Luz Enriquez 
 
 (390)
 
 STATE ADMINISTRATIONS. 391 
 
 Yucatan Daniel Traconis 
 
 Zacatecas Jesus Arechiga 
 
 Federal District Jose Ceballos 
 
 Territory of Tepic Leopoldo Romano* 
 
 Northern District of the Territory of Lower ) T T^ T- 
 
 r, TP . J V Luis B. Torres* 
 
 Ualiiorma j 
 
 Central District of the Territory of Lower ) -D ' rr 
 
 California } Benjamin Topete* 
 
 *In the Territories the chief authority is called "Jefe Politico" and is ap- 
 poiated by the Federal Executive; in the States, the chief authority is the 
 Governor, elected by the people.
 
 STATISTICAL INFORMATION. 
 
 ESTIMATED POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC IN 1890. 
 
 Inhabitants. 
 
 State of Aguascalientes 121,926 
 
 " Campeche 91,18* 
 
 " Coahuila 183,327 
 
 " Colima 69,547 
 
 " Chiapas 266,496 
 
 ' ' Chihuahua 298,073 
 
 " Durango * 265,931 
 
 " Guanajuato 1,007,116 
 
 " Guerrero 332,887 
 
 " Hidalgo .... 494,212 
 
 " Jalisco 1,161,709 
 
 " Mexico 778,969 
 
 " Michoacau 830,923 
 
 " Morelos ' 151,540 
 
 " Nuevo Leon 270,852 
 
 " Oaxaca 806,845 
 
 " Puebla 839,468 
 
 " Quer^taro 213,523 
 
 " San Luis Potosi 546,447 
 
 " Sinaloa 223,684 
 
 " Sonora 150,391 
 
 " Tabasco 114,028 
 
 " Tamaulipas . 189,139 
 
 " Tlaxcala 155,151 
 
 " Veracruz 644,157 
 
 " Yucatan 282,502 
 
 " Zacatecas 526,966 
 
 Territory of Tepic 130,019 
 
 " " Lower California 34,668 
 
 Federal District 451,246 
 
 Total number of inhabitants 11,632,924 
 
 (392)
 
 STATISTICAL INFORMATION. 393 
 
 POPULATION OF LEA DING CITIES OF THE REPUBLIC 
 
 IN 1890. 
 
 (Of 10,000 inhabitants and over.) 
 Cities. States. Inhabitants. 
 
 Mexico Federal District 329,535 
 
 Guadalajara Jalisco 95,000 
 
 Puebla Puebla 78,530 
 
 San Luis Postosi San Luis Potosf 62,573 
 
 Guanajuato Guanajuato 52,112 
 
 Leon Guanajuato 47,739 
 
 Monterey Nuevo Leon 41,700 
 
 Aguascalientes Aguascalientes 32,355 
 
 Merida Yucatan 32,000 
 
 Oaxaca Oaxaca 28,827 
 
 Colima Colima 25,124 
 
 Pachuca Hidalgo 25,000 
 
 Durango Durango 24,800 
 
 Celaya Guanajuato 24,670 
 
 Morelia Michoacan 23,835 
 
 Queretaro Queretaro 23,520 
 
 Ciudad Guzman Jalisco 23,205 
 
 Saltillo Coahuila : 22,801 
 
 Allende Guanajuato 21,748 
 
 Vera Cruz Veracruz '20,800 
 
 Zacatecas Zacatecas 20,722 
 
 Orizaba Veracruz 16,225 
 
 Campeche Campeche 19,775 
 
 Timim Yucatan 18,730 
 
 Guadalupe Zacatecas 18,370 
 
 Silao ...Guanajuato 15,739 
 
 Montezuma San Luis Potosi 15,666 
 
 Irapuato Guanajuato 14,778 
 
 San Bartolome Chiapas 1 4,669 
 
 Xochimilco (Municipality) Federal District 14,373 
 
 Sal vatierra Guanajuato 14,322 
 
 Lagos Jalisco 14,297 
 
 Ciudad Garcia Zacatecas 14,000 
 
 Tepic Tepic (Territory of) 13,510 
 
 Chihuahua Chihuahua 13,128 
 
 Fresnillo ...Zacatecas 13,021 
 
 Mazatlan Sinaloa 12,852 
 
 Tacubaya (Municipality) Federal District 12,027 
 
 Uruapan Michoacan 12,000 
 
 Ameca Jalisco 12,000 
 
 Autlan Jalisco 12,000 
 
 Jalapa . .Veracruz 11 ,705 
 
 Toluca Mexico. li,585 
 
 Teocuitatlan Jalisco 11 ,286 
 
 San Cristobal los Casas .... Chiapas 1 1,248 
 
 Piedad Cibadas Michoacan 11,142 
 
 Sayula Jalisco 10,655 
 
 San Angel (Municipality) Federal District 10,580 
 
 Angangueo Michoacan 10,473 
 
 Monclova Coahuila 10,000 
 
 San Juan del Rio Queretaro 10,000
 
 394 
 
 STATISTICAL INFORMATION. 
 
 ASSESSABLE VALUE OF PROPERTY IN THE REPUBLIC 
 
 IN 1890. 
 
 States. 
 
 City Property. Country Property. 
 
 Aguascalientes $ 1,768,435 3,351,258 
 
 Campeche 552,509 691,286 
 
 Colima 1,660,905 1,674,561 
 
 Coahuila 2,682,496 7,037,300 
 
 Chihuahua ,1,846,730 . 3,507,000 
 
 Chiapas. 500,000 2,930,212 
 
 Durango 2,653,331 4,404,548 
 
 Guanajuato 9,665,977 20,405,659 
 
 Guerrero 1,993.712 11,503,400 
 
 Hidalgo 2,559,311 11,825,426 
 
 Jalisco 21,404,529 33,052,342 
 
 Mexico 4,444,651 18,946,445 
 
 Michoacan 8,381,994 15,733,201 
 
 Morelos 1,064,059 4,193,315 
 
 Nuevo Leon 5,0'29,463 4,555,327 
 
 Oaxaca 6,178,534 5,562,766 
 
 Puebla 15,411,678 14,609,866 
 
 Queretaro 5,686,547 5,760,000 
 
 San Luis Potosi 5,625,608 7,928,048 
 
 Sinaloa 3,530,226 2,478,656 
 
 Sonora 2,350,600 4,872,900 
 
 Tabasco 1,622,490 2,968,785 
 
 Tamaulipas 4,264,665 1,950,270 
 
 Tlaxcala 1,957,026 5,088,690 
 
 Veracruz 32,561,926 15,276,652 
 
 Yucatan 2,500,000 2,874,508 
 
 Zacatecas 5,774,416 9,841,235 
 
 Federal District 101,917,241 7,931,737 
 
 Territory of Lower California 459,326 3,896,200 
 
 " Tepic 2,354,800 2,817,580 
 
 Total. 
 
 5,119,693 
 
 1,243,795 
 
 *,335,466 
 
 9,719,796 
 
 5,353,730 
 
 3,430,212 
 
 7,057,879 
 
 30,071,636 
 
 13,497,112 
 
 14,384,737 
 
 54,456,871 
 
 23,391,096 
 
 24,115,195 
 
 5,257,374 
 
 9,584,790 
 
 11,7,1,300 
 
 30,021,544 
 
 11,446,547 
 
 13,553,656 
 
 6,008,882 
 
 7,223,500 
 
 4,591,275 
 
 6,214,935 
 
 7,045,716 
 
 47,838,578 
 
 5,374,508 
 
 15,615,651 
 
 109,848,978 
 
 4,355,526 
 
 5,172,380 
 
 Totals $258,403,185 $237,669,173 $496,072,358 
 
 The above values are taken from official sources, but greatly underesti- 
 mite the property of the Republic, and, furthermore, do not include public 
 and government buildings, and all other property exempt from the payment 
 of taxes. 
 
 CENSUS OF THE CITY OF MEXICO OF OCTOBER, 1890. 
 
 Number of inhabitants, 329,535, of whom 149,739 were males 
 and 182,796 females. As to religious beliefs there were 326,180 
 Catholics, 1,934 Protestants, 18 of the Greek religion, 400 of other 
 denominations, and 1,003 belonging to no sect whatever. 
 
 The occupations of the inhabitants were distributed as follows: 
 Attorneys-at-law, 505; agriculturists, 500; brokers, 66; tanners,
 
 STATISTICAL INFORMATION. 
 
 395 
 
 200; dentists, 34; apothecaries, 121; photographers, 82; engineers, 
 370; physicians, 320; contractors, 45; clergymen, 220; notaries, 48; 
 midwives, 75; telegraph operators, 130; veterinary surgeons, 34; ar- 
 tisans, 46,594; merchants, 15,040; clerks, 13,291; servants, 50,004; 
 mechanics, 1,011; public employes, 7,480; public school children, 
 48,003; soldiers, 8,005; sailors, 76; capitalists, 1,000; occupations 
 not stated, 18,536; without occupation (mostly women and children), 
 117,676. 
 
 The nationalities of the inhabitants were as follows: Born in the 
 Federal District, 202,154; in the various States of the Republic? 
 120,509; United States of America, 790; Centralfend South America, 
 153; Spain, 3,391; France, 1,266; Germany, 363; England, 227; 
 Italy, 441; Russia, 9; Austria, 45; Portugal, 6; Sweden, Norway, 
 and Denmark, 26; China and Japan, 6; countries not specified, 151- 
 
 PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND SILVER IN MEXICO. 
 
 The following statement shows the production of the precious metals 
 in Mexico for fourteen fiscal years. 
 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 GOLD. 
 
 SILVER. 
 
 TOTAL. 
 
 877- 
 
 878 
 
 
 
 
 878- 
 
 879 
 
 
 
 
 879- 
 
 8So 
 
 
 
 
 8Ro- 
 
 88 1 
 
 
 
 
 881- 
 
 882 
 
 
 
 
 882- 
 
 983 
 
 
 
 
 883- 
 
 884 
 
 
 
 
 884- 
 
 88s .. 
 
 
 
 
 885- 
 
 886 ... 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 886- 
 
 887 
 
 
 
 
 887- 
 
 888 
 
 
 
 
 888 
 
 889 
 
 
 
 
 SSg- 
 
 800 
 
 
 
 
 Sgo- 
 
 891 
 
 .150 ooo 
 
 43 ooo.o G 
 
 44,150,000 
 
 
 Total 
 
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 STATISTICAL INFORMATION. 397 
 
 STATISTICS AS TO COINAGE Continued. 
 
 Coinage of the Mints of the Republic during the fiscal year of 
 
 1889-90. 
 
 MINTS. 
 
 SILVER. 
 
 GOLD. 
 
 COPPER. 
 
 TOTAL VALUE. 
 
 
 
 
 
 $ 488,800 oo 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I,O33,O69 '75 
 
 
 
 1,033,069 75 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Zacatecas 
 
 4.159,300 oo 
 
 27,657 oo 
 
 
 4,186,957 oo 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Value of the Gold, Silver, Copper and Nickel Coinage of the Mints 
 of the Republic from July 1, 1880, to June 30, 1890. 
 
 MINTS. 
 
 FISCAL 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 Alamos. 
 
 Culiacan. 
 
 Chihu ihua. 
 
 Durango. 
 
 Guadalajara 
 
 Guanajuato. 
 
 1880- 881 
 
 * QSo^SS 20 
 
 $1,269.404 34 
 
 ti, 178, 534 oo $1,008,214 
 
 Ji 374,256 30 
 
 -'4,281,430 oo 
 
 1881- 882 .... 
 
 1*096,151 90 
 
 958,793 oo 
 
 I >354'467 OO | 1,026,362 oo 1,329,756 95 
 
 4,404,300 oo 
 
 882- 883 
 
 990,885 45 
 
 802,143 oo 
 
 1,635,201 50 889,778 oo 1,111,514 oo 
 
 4,285,500 oo 
 
 883- 884 
 
 i,33i>530 oo 
 
 601,982 oo 
 
 1,936,436 oo 1.094,345 oo 
 
 1,130,003 85 
 
 4,228,300 oo 
 
 884- 885 
 
 1,066,360 oo 
 
 710,081 oo 
 
 2,020 675 50 1,164,822 20 
 
 871,199 oo 
 
 5,029,860 oo 
 
 885- 886 .... 
 
 826,471 15 
 
 597,125 oo 
 
 2,519.712 50 1,032,175 75 
 
 976,460 30 
 
 4,614,200 oo 
 
 1886- 887 
 
 846,250 35 
 
 746,907 00 
 
 2,653,162 oo 983,330 6oj 994,113 05 
 
 4,129,700 oo 
 
 887- 888 
 
 627,880 oo 
 
 787,632 oo 
 
 2,652,226 oo 1,038,687 50 
 
 1,008,695 
 
 4,5:4,890 oo 
 
 888- 889 
 
 490,470 oo 
 
 966,920 oo 
 
 2,459,005 oo; 981,128 40 
 
 ',354,43' 20 
 
 3,984,380 oo 
 
 889- 890 .... 
 
 480,880 oo 
 
 1,052,345 oo 
 
 2,577,057 9 1,033,069 72 
 
 1,688,004 70 
 
 3,559,186 oo 
 
 Total coinage 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -during decade. 
 
 8,687,032 05 
 
 8,493,332 34 
 
 20,986,476 5< 
 
 ) 10,251,913 2C 
 
 11,848,43435 
 
 43,271,74600 
 
 FISCAL 
 
 Hermosillo. 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 Oaxaca. 
 
 San Luis 
 
 Zacatecas. 
 
 TOTALS. 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 
 
 
 Potosi. 
 
 
 
 880- 881 .... 
 
 8718,730 oo 
 
 ^5,922,95000 
 
 $148,510 oo 
 
 *2. 315, 750 oo 
 
 6,003,79000 
 
 ^ 2 5i I 5i,72i 84 
 
 881- 882 
 
 492,992 oo 
 
 6,444,000 oo 
 
 127,015 oo 
 
 2,345,215 oo 
 
 6,031,770 oo 
 
 25,610,822 85 
 
 882- 883 
 
 449,460 oo 
 
 7,091,000 oo 
 
 99,650 oo 
 
 3,182,040 oo 
 
 5,210,350 oo 
 
 25,747,521 95 
 
 883- 884 
 
 539,400 oo 
 
 9,015,000 oo 
 
 131,120 oo 
 
 3,227,030 oo 
 
 5,014,930 oo 
 
 28,450,076 85 
 
 884 - 885 
 
 280,000 oo 
 
 6,677,500 oo 
 
 158,840 oo 
 
 3,330,740 oo 
 
 4,953,900 oo 
 
 26,265,977 70 
 
 885- 886 ... 
 
 257,610 oo 
 
 7,779,000 oo 
 
 144,800 oo 
 
 3,484,280 oo 
 
 5,125,960 oo 
 
 27,3 6 7,794 70 
 
 886- 887 ... 
 
 195,300 oo 
 
 8,331,696 18 
 
 123,500 oo 
 
 3,181,725 oo 
 
 5,248,290 oo 
 
 27,433,974 '8 
 
 887- 888 ... 
 888- 889 
 
 178,300 oo 
 593,660 oo 
 
 7,398,240 oo 
 7,989 993 89 
 
 114,800 oo 
 184,550 oo 
 
 3,744,065 oo 
 2,380,800 oo 
 
 5,159,380 oo 
 5,110,700 oo 
 
 26,264,795 5 
 26,496,038 49 
 
 889- 890 . . . 
 
 495,900 oo 
 
 7,630,622 47 
 
 120,900 oo 
 
 1,881,335 oo 
 
 4,186,957 oo 
 
 24,706,256 92 
 
 Total coinage 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 during decade. 
 
 4,201,352 oo 
 
 74,280,002 54 
 
 1.353,68s oo 
 
 28,072,98000 
 
 52,046,027 oo 
 
 263,492,980 98
 
 398 
 
 STATISTICAL INFORMATION. 
 
 STATISTICS AS TO IMPORTATIONS. 
 
 FISCAL YEAR OF 1888-89- IMPORTATIONS BY 
 COUNTRIES. 
 
 Value-*. Duties. 
 
 Arabia $ 8200 $ 2400 
 
 Algiers 13,649 70 15,907 07 
 
 Argentine Republic 30 00 32 25 
 
 Australia 48500 21627 
 
 Austria 96,43665 74,814 11 
 
 Belgium 242,08389 232,28768 
 
 Bolivia 60000 27794 
 
 Brazil 309 45 230 82 
 
 Chile. 10800 7260 
 
 China 39,35110 26,34699 
 
 Columbia 78,17875 32,63535 
 
 Costa Rica .' 22,425 00 6,580 29 
 
 Denmark 1,11200 72975 
 
 Ecuador 89,45162 38,42946. 
 
 England 6,337,980 30 5,083,870 75 
 
 France 4,956,568 41 3,846,252 66 
 
 Germany 2,842,932 35 2,310,015 60 
 
 Greece 1,089 00 462 66 
 
 Guatemala 11,54822 3,63693 
 
 Holland 72,00925 53,01082 
 
 India 69,62940 123,36239 
 
 Italy 269,8-26 70 121,818 78 
 
 Japan 95 00 64 34 
 
 Norway 31,17620 33,35884 
 
 Persia 10200 7389 
 
 Peru 772 00 347 04 
 
 Portugal 9,13200 2,65646 
 
 Russia 833 40 386 65 
 
 Salvador 11,31500 4,66438 
 
 San Domingo *. 8000 6012 
 
 Spain 1,920,94272 1,177,17730 
 
 Sweden 1,60700 2,29555 
 
 Switzerland 157,44425 89,83054 
 
 Turkey 2,32700 76129 
 
 Uruguay 200 1000 
 
 United States 22,669,420 71 9,169,787 87 
 
 Venezuela ..% 73,73825 25,43575 
 
 Zanzibar 20 00 37 76 
 
 Totals , ...$40,024,894 32 $22,477,962 95
 
 STATISTICAL INFORMATION. 
 
 399 
 
 IMPOETATIONS BY CUSTOM HOUSES IN FISCAL 
 YEAE 1888-89. 
 
 Values. 
 
 231,07022 
 
 Custom Houses. 
 
 Acapulco 
 
 Altata 
 
 Ascension 
 
 Bay of Magdalena , 
 
 Cape San Lucas 
 
 Camargo 
 
 Campeche 
 
 Ciudacl Juarez (Paso del Norte) 5,793,960 86 
 
 Ciudad Porfirio Diaz (Piedras Negras) 2,732,367 00 
 
 4,12373 
 
 10,051 00 
 
 50475 
 
 49,071 50 
 
 186,441 89 
 
 81802 
 188,738 20 
 533,841 77 
 84,703 62 
 1 12,264 20 
 151,666 66 
 
 Duties. 
 
 5 108,690 40 
 
 "2,174*91 
 
 4,974 89 
 18093 
 30,978 21 
 140,576 90 
 1,896,77340 
 1,313,539 97 
 3S70 
 151,6-2826 
 310,219 75 
 47,414 10 
 60,14861 
 67,71259 
 1.599,056 10 
 9,993 07 
 73,416 80 
 761,026 12 
 1,046,740 00 
 124,388 75 
 427,606 88 
 17,284 02 
 1,467.803 90 
 4,879 35 
 35,864 99 
 183,494 15 
 3,990 57 
 63,162 85 
 5,29627 
 78,899 24 
 408,385 93 
 39,171 31 
 79,341 14 
 58,666 82 
 86,967 28 
 11,766,62060 
 855 11 
 
 Totals 40,024,894 32 $22,477,962 95 
 
 The Altata Custom House did not send its report in time to be included 
 in the above statement. The Ascension and Cape San Lucas Custom Houses 
 were closed August 31, 1888, and in lieu thereof those of Las Palomas and San 
 Jose de Cabo were opened on the succeeding day. 
 
 Coatzacoalcos. 
 
 Frontera 
 
 Guaymas 
 
 Guerrero 
 
 Isla del Carmen (Carmen Island). 
 
 La Paz 
 
 Laredo 5,728,029 06 
 
 Las Palomas 28,045 33 
 
 Manzanillo 156,531 37 
 
 Matamoros 801,412 31 
 
 Mazatlan 1,592,01283 
 
 Mier 142,400 12 
 
 Nogales 739,424 40 
 
 Palominas 55,388 74 
 
 Progreso 2,430,248 40 
 
 Puerto Angel . 
 
 Salina Cruz 
 
 San Bias 
 
 San Jose del Cabo . 
 
 Santa Ros-alia 
 
 Sasabe 
 
 Soconusco 
 
 Tampico 
 
 Tijuana 
 
 Todos Santos 
 
 Tonald 
 
 Tuxpam 
 
 Vera Cruz 16,445,569 00 
 
 Zapaluta 2, 1 13 55 
 
 9,958 82 
 55,385 34 
 330,794 42 
 10,71050 
 255,080 63 
 8,517 01) 
 108,219 90 
 513,927 15 
 126,688 85 
 148,502 1 1 
 92.11068 
 164,20039
 
 
 
 I'ERAGE. 
 
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 EXPORTATION THROUGH THE CUSTOM HOUSES OF 
 THE REPUBLIC DURING THE FISCAL YEAR OF 
 
 1890-91. 
 
 CUSTOM HOUSES. 
 
 PRECIOUS 
 METALS. 
 
 OTHER ARTICLES. 
 
 TOTAL 
 EXPORTATION 
 
 WEIGHT. | VALUE. 
 
 
 $ 47,438 5 
 40,770 36 
 78,345 oo 
 
 Kilograms. 
 2,000,764 ooo 
 681,029 ooo 
 3,163 ooo 
 936 ooo 
 122,562 ooo 
 5,146,947 ooo 
 3,618,416 500 
 
 49,015,729 ooo 
 12,158,375 ooo 
 
 7,722,274 OOD 
 
 158,913 500 
 
 2,150 ooo 
 43,654,679 ooo 
 1,981,086 ooo 
 6,565,476 ooo 
 1,729,137 ooo 
 1,910,947 ooo 
 
 2,045,462 485 
 
 145,566 ooo 
 1,800,877 ooo 
 5,156 ooo 
 57,670,064 ooo 
 363,018 ooo 
 1,278,135 ooo 
 1,178,098 ooo 
 660,828 ooo 
 6,247,149 ooo 
 24,399 ooo 
 414,352 ooo 
 7,892,222 ooo 
 38,913 ooo 
 77,641 ooo 
 122,853 o 
 7,788,441 ooo 
 28,676,221 ooo 
 
 $ 107,476 08 
 21,062 oo 
 15,036 oo 
 263 90 
 26,899 61 
 173,009 oo 
 
 2,399,239 97 
 1,621,649 75 
 102,403 79 
 185,145 54 
 22,738 50 
 1,045 oo 
 956,732 66 
 55.119 06 
 1,159,636 ii 
 67,907 77 
 125,257 72 
 78,948 oo 
 
 39,840 50 
 
 86,515 oo 
 30,036 oo 
 7,159,868 04 
 176,684 35 
 37.764 25 
 53,567 85 
 15,798 So 
 947,640 50 
 2,464 oo 
 226,983 35 
 822, 28 93 
 26,635 oo 
 5,919 oo 
 92,336 oo 
 i>574,635 78 
 8,601,435 67 
 
 $ J54.9M 58 
 61,832 36 
 93.381 oo 
 263 90 
 30,049 61 
 178,358 oo 
 14,301.855 87 
 2,698,218 71 
 102,403 79 
 '85,375 54 
 543,961 51 
 1,045 oo 
 956,732 66 
 808,802 42 
 3,332,243 57 
 J55,962 77 
 371,203 37 
 5>33,3 I 3 oo 
 72,506 50 
 895,336 65 
 228,762 i 8 
 7,447.548 24 
 '77,784 35 
 84,264 25 
 275,441 85 
 '5,798 50 
 947,640 50 
 6,064 oo 
 279 783 35 
 1,075,121 13 
 28,605 oo 
 203,415 87 
 415,308 9o 
 1,579,635 78 
 20>533,46o 73 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,150 oo 
 5,349 
 11,902,615 90 
 1,076,568 96 
 
 
 
 Ciudad Porfirio D"az 
 
 
 230 oo 
 521,223 01 
 
 
 
 
 
 La Paz 
 
 753,683 36 
 
 2,172,607 46 
 88,055 oo 
 
 245,945 65 
 
 4,954,305 oo 
 32,666 oo 
 
 808,821 65 
 
 198,726 18 
 287,680 20 
 
 I,IOO OO 
 
 46,500 oo 
 221,874 
 
 Laredo de Tamaulipas. . . 
 
 
 
 Mier 
 
 
 
 
 Puerto Angel . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,600 oo 
 52,800 oo 
 
 252,792 20 
 
 1,970 oo 
 
 197,496 87 
 
 322,972 80 
 5,000 oo 
 11,932,025 06 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Veracruz 
 
 Total 
 
 36,250,372 16 
 
 252,901,979 485 
 
 $27,020,023 18 
 
 $63,276,395 34 
 
 
 EXPORTATION TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES DURING 
 THE FISCAL YEAR 1890-91. 
 
 COUNTRIES. 
 
 PRECIOUS 
 METALS. 
 
 OTHER ARTICLES. 
 
 TOTAL 
 EXPORTATION 
 
 WEIGHT. 
 
 VALUE. 
 
 
 $ 1,764,446 75 
 53,813 40 
 
 Kilograms. 
 7,900,217 485 
 
 57,57! 00 
 94 ooo 
 1,430 ooo 
 4,133,642 ooo 
 '72,553,394 ooo 
 7,274,994 ooo 
 465,436 ooo 
 1,039,904 ooo 
 59,218,510 ooo 
 9,438 ooo 
 1,018 ooo 
 243,000 ooo 
 3,331 ooo 
 
 $ 1,021,428 II 
 
 3,602 88 
 
 212 00 
 
 845 oo 
 463,089 64 
 21,582,253 43 
 890,156 oo 
 25,020 32 
 187,931 65 
 2,836,765 44 
 920 oo 
 1,296 71 
 4,000 oo 
 2,502 oo 
 
 $ 2,785,874 86 
 57,416 28 
 
 212 OO 
 
 845 oo 
 515,193 74 
 44,983,086 37 
 3,653>55i 33 
 193,711 47 
 187,931 65 
 10,882,728 33 
 920 oo 
 6,289 3 1 
 4,000 oo 
 4,635 oo 
 
 
 
 
 
 Spain 
 
 52,104 10 
 23,400,832 94 
 2,763,395 33 
 168,691 15 
 
 United States 
 
 
 
 Holland 
 
 England 
 
 8,045,962 89 
 
 Italy . 
 
 Nicaragua 
 
 4,992 60 
 
 
 Salvador 
 
 2,133 oo 
 
 Total 
 
 136,256,372 16 
 
 252,901,979 485 
 
 827,020,023 18 
 
 .$63,276,395 34 

 
 402 STATISTICAL INFORMATION. 
 
 RAILWAYS IN THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC. 
 
 The railways which up to February 1, 1892, were in operation in 
 .the Republic, were as follows: 
 
 THE MEXICAN RAILWAY. 
 
 Mexico to Vera Cruz and branches, to Puebla and 
 
 Pachuca 613 kilometers. 
 
 THE MEXICAN CENTRAL RAILWAY. 
 
 Mexico to El Paso 1,971 " 
 
 Aguascalientes to San Luis Potosi 225 " 
 
 Tampico to San Luis Potosi 444 " 
 
 Irapuato to Guadalajara , 20 " 
 
 Silao to Guanajuato 23 " 
 
 2,923 
 
 THE MEXICAN NATIONAL RAILROAD. 
 
 Mexico to Laredo 1,353 
 
 Mexico to San Miguel Allende 409 
 
 Acambaro to Patzcuaro 155 
 
 Laredo de Corpus 161 
 
 Matamoros to fleinosa and San Miguel 120 
 
 Mexico to Salto 68 
 
 2,266 
 
 THE INTEROCEANIC RAILWAY. 
 
 Mexico to Vera Cruz 547 
 
 Vireyes to San Juan de los Llanos 11 
 
 Puebla to Izucar , 84 
 
 Mexico to Jojutla '. . . 194 
 
 San Marcos to Huitzizilapam 66 
 
 Concepcion to San Juan de los Llanos 11 
 
 825 
 
 THE MONTEREY AND MEXICAN GULF RAILWAY. 
 
 Monterey to Tampico 517 
 
 " " Venadito 106 
 
 623 
 
 YUCATAN RAILWAYS. 
 
 Merida to Progreso 37 
 
 " " Ticul 65 
 
 " " Tecanto 64 
 
 " " Trinidad 54 
 
 Conkal " Tekax 28 
 
 " " Montul 31 
 
 278
 
 STATISTICAL INFORMATION. 403 
 
 THE MEXICAN INTERNATIONAL RAILWAY. 
 Torreon to Piedras Negras 517 kilometers. 
 
 THE SONORA RAILWAY. 
 
 From Guaymas to Nogales .... 567 
 
 HIDALGO AND NORTHEASTERN RAILWAY. 
 
 Mexico to Pachuca J 10 " 
 
 Tulanciugo line 32 " 
 
 Pachuca to Irolo 70 
 
 Tizayuca to Teoloyucan 26 '' 
 
 228 " 
 
 THE MEXICAN SOUTHERN RAILWAY. 
 
 Puebla to Tecomavaca 225 
 
 THE MEXICAN NORTHERN RAILWAY. 
 
 Escalon to Sierra Mojada 125 
 
 THE NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION COMPANY. 
 
 Colima to Manzanillo 95 
 
 THE SINALOA AND DURANGO RAILWAY. 
 
 Altata to Culiacan 61 
 
 THE MICHOACAN AND PACIFIC RAILWAY. 
 
 Maravatio to Trojes 52 " 
 
 THE TEHUACAN NATIONAL RAILWAY. 
 
 Esperanza to Tehuacan 50 " 
 
 THE VANEGAS TO THE RIO VERDE RAILWAY. 
 
 Vanegas to Matehuala 47 " 
 
 THE AGRICULTURAL RAILWAY FROM CORDOBA TO MOTZORONGO AND RIO TONTO. 
 
 Cordoba to Motzerongo 42 kilometers. 
 
 THE SALAMANACA TO THE VALLEY OF SANTIAGO RAILWAY. 
 
 Salamanaca to Jaral 36 
 
 THE TON ALA TO FRONERA RAILWAY. 
 
 TonaU to Puert* 15 " 
 
 THE TOLUCA TO SAN JUAN DE LAS HUERTAS RAILWAY. 
 
 Toluca to San Juan 16 " 
 
 THE SAN JUAN BAUTISTA TO TUMULTE AND CARRIZAL. 
 
 San Juana Bautista to Carrizal 6 " 
 
 Making, with other short lines, a total of 10,190 kilometers or 
 about 6,330 miles in actual operation.
 
 LEGAL DIRECTORY OF THE LEADING CITIES OF 
 MEXICO. 
 
 ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELORS-AT-LAW. 
 
 ACAMBARO (State of Guanajuato) Ceballos, Jesus; Laso, Neme- 
 sis; Llarrondo, Jos6 Maria; Pallares, Jose G.; Trenado, Teodoro. 
 
 ACAPULCO (State of Guerrero) Rodriguez Castanon, Antonio; 
 Heredia, Rosendo. 
 
 AGUASCALIENTES (State of Aguascalientes) Avila, Cipriano; 
 Avila, Jose Maria; Correa, Salvador E. ; Cruz, Fernando; Castillo, 
 Taide L. del; Davalos, Alberto M.; Diaz Velez, Antonio; Escobar, 
 Ventura; Garibay, Heraclio Z.; Gonzalez, Cesareo; Gonzalez, Jose 
 Maria; Gonzalez, Manuel; Juarez, Arcadio H.; Nara, Alejandro L.; 
 Ramos, Mariano; Resendez, Valentin; Rios Ibarrola, Jgnacio; Vala- 
 dez, Onofre; Valdepena, Hermion; Villalobos, Francisco M. 
 
 ATLIXCO (State of Puebla) Aguilar, Ramon; Martinez, Carlos M.; 
 Rivadeneyra, Bernardo; Rodiles, Octaviano. 
 
 CAMPECHE (State of Cauapeche) Araoz, Pablo J.; Aznar Barba- 
 chano, Tomas; Aznar, Luis; Bersunza, Pedro M.; Caballero, Lean- 
 dro; Estrada, Fernando D. de; Estrada Breton, Francisco; Galeano, 
 Fernando; Martinez Aloiuia, Santiago; Martinez Lopez, Francisco; 
 Ramos Saury, Manuel; Rivas, Jose L; Rosado, Prudencio P.; Sam- 
 perio, Manuel; Urdapilleta, Agustin. 
 
 CELAYA (State of Guanajuato) Borja, Vicente M.; Concha, 
 Manuel; Garcia, Agustin; Garcia, Antonio; Gutierrez, Juan; Mar. 
 tinez, Vicente; Mendez, Vicente; Molina, Francisco; Munoz, Hilario; 
 Pardo, Juan; Solano, Francisco; Zendejas, M. 
 
 CHALCHICOMULA (State of Puebla) Arce, Jose Jesus; Pinillos, 
 Ignacio M. 
 
 CHIHUAHUA (State of Chihuahua) Bustamante, Silvestre; Flores 
 Ignacio; Granados, Manuel G. ; Jaurrieta, Romulo; Munoz, Carlos; 
 Novoa, E.; Ochoa, Pablo; Ochoa, Pedro; Palacios, Jesus Maria; 
 (404)
 
 L.EGAL DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 405 
 
 Pimentel, R.; Prieto, Manuel; Prieto, P. R.; Rojas, J. J.; Rojas 
 Yertiz, Carlos; Seijas, A. 
 
 CHILPANCINGO OR CIUDAD BRAVOS (State of Guerrero) Arrieta, 
 Bernardo; Castro, Miguel; Diez de Bonilla, Agustin; Hurtado, Filo. 
 meno; Meza, Nicolas; Nieto, Jesus; Saavedra, Silvanio; Vascon- 
 celos, Dario. 
 
 CIUDAD GUERRERO (State of Tamaulipas) Gonzalez, Jose de la 
 M.; Ramirez, Manuel; Villareal, Francisco C. 
 
 CIUDAD JUAREZ, OR PASO DEL NORTE (State of Chihuahua) 
 Inigo, Nicolas G.; Najera, Jesus O.; Seijas, Felipe. 
 
 COLIMA (State of Colima) Amador, Jose Maria; Campero, Severo; 
 Castro, Miguel G.; Madrid, Enrique O.; Mendoza, Jose L.; Otosco, 
 Jose J.; Padilla, Trinidad; Pineda, Francisco S.; Riestra, Emiliano 
 G.; Riestra, Mariano; Rivera, Manuel. 
 
 CORDOBA (State of Veracruz) Castro, Jose F. de; Ceballos, 
 Pedro A.; Corona, Fernando J.; Gomez, Manuel A.; Mantilla, Se- 
 vero; Maranon, Hesiquio; Mena, Jose M.; Menclez, Bernardo H.; 
 Munoz Guerra, Manuel; Pena, Victor; Sariol, Juan B; Talavera, 
 Amado; Torres Platon, M. 
 
 CUERNAVACA (State of Morelos) Abarard, Apolonio G. ; Alba, 
 Jose E. ; Aragon, Jose M. ; Aranjo, Francisco; Arechavala, Epig- 
 menio de; Arton Araoz, J. A.; Castillo, Clemente; Gutierrez, Jose 
 M.; Masse, Luis Lopez; Manjarres, Ignacio; Millan, Florentine; 
 Moctezuma, Francisco G.; Noriega, Luis G.; Obregon, Carlos; Or- 
 vananes, Francisco; Pefla y Pena, Ignacio de la; Puebla, Desiderio- 
 Quinones, Miguel; Rendon, Manuel M.; Rovelo, CecilioA.; Sanchez 
 Laurel, J.; Segura, Francijco S.; Valverde Flores, Jose; Varela, J. 
 Luciano; Vega, Refugio de la. 
 
 CULIACAN (State of Sinaloa) Bonilla, Jesus; Castelum, Ignacio; 
 Gaxiola, Celso; Gaxiola, Jose Maria; Inzunza, Manuel; Malcampo, 
 Francisco; Monson, Manuel; Murua, Antonio; Paredes, Evaristo; 
 Portillo, Carlos; Ramos Urrea, Guillermo; Rivas Garcia, Luis; Sais 
 Ignacio A.; Tapia, Francisco; Uriarte, Domingo; Velazquez, Fran- 
 cisco; Zazneta, Heriblerto. 
 
 DURANGO (State of Durango) Acosta, Felipe; Bermudez, Julian ; 
 Bermudez, Manuel, Briones, Ignacio; Cadaval, Eduardo G.; Cor-
 
 406 LEGAL DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 dero, Rosendo; Cincunegui, Alberto; Duran, Rodrigo; Enriquez, 
 Dario; Escobar y Cano, Pedro; Fernandez, Luis; Fernandez, Sal- 
 vador; Fernandez, Tomas; Hernandez, Geronimo; Hernandez y 
 Marin, Juan; Garza, Ramiro de la; Gomez, Jacinto; Lopez Negrete, 
 Ladislao; Muguiro, Antonio; Muniz, Saturnine; Palacio, Domingo; 
 Palacio, Luis; Palacio, Martin G.; Perea, Jesus; Pescador. Rafael; 
 Quesada, Herculano; Reyes, Ruperto; Rios y Valle, Jesus; Santo 
 Marina, Juan; Saravia, Erniliano G.; Saravia, Enrique G.; Torre, 
 Bernardo de la; Torres Ugarte, Raul. 
 
 ENSENADA DE TODOS SANTOS (Territory of Lower California) 
 Caballero, Maximiano; Cadena, Jesus M.; Chapital, Cristobal; Es- 
 pinosa, Francisco; Lamadrid, Grenaro; Martinez. Lopez, P.; Rojo, 
 Jose Clemente; Spindola, Jose R.; Uribe, Juan B.; Vazquez, Diego 
 G. 
 
 FRESNILLO (State of Zacatecas) Aguilar, Jose M.; Hidalgo, 
 Carlos R.; Martinez Sotomayor, Federico. 
 
 GUADALAJARA (State of Jalisco) Alfaro, Jose Maria; Anaya, 
 Trinidad; Anaya, Matias; Acero, Julio; Anaya y Aranda, Ventura; 
 Arroyo de Anda, A.ndres; Alatorre, Esteban; Arreola, Enrique; 
 Angulo, Macario; Aviles, Aristeo Rosalio; Arce, Rafael; Apodaca, 
 Pablo; Bonilla, Antonio; Brihuega, Salvador; Brambila, Felipe N. ; 
 Camarena, Amado; Camarena, Francisco; Camarena, Jose de Jesus; 
 Camarena, Juan; Cafiedo, Genaro; Canedo, Jesus Odilon; Cafiedo, 
 Salvador; Casillas, Canuto; Castaneda, Juan de; Castanos, Fer- 
 nando; Castro, Norberto; Castillo y Castillo, Faustino; Ceballos, 
 Celso G. ; Coronado, Mariano; Degollado, Emiliano; Diaz Velez, 
 Magdaleno; Echauri, Bernardino; Enciso, Cenobio; Espinosa, Mon- 
 roy, Pedro; Flores Castillon, Antonio; Figueroa, Ignacio; Garcia, 
 Gabriel; Garcia, Marcial; Garcia, Sancho Francisco; Garciadiego, 
 Heraclio; Garibay, Jose Maria; Goyon, Primivitivo; Gomez, Cruz 
 Alberto; Gomez Luna, Luis; Gomez Nuno, Cipriano; Gomez, Tomas 
 V.; Gonzalez Hermosillo, Aurelio; Gonzalez, E. Ignacio; Gonzalez 
 Palomar, Francisco; Gonzalez Olivares, Jose Maria; Gonzalez Rubio, 
 Rosendo; Gutierrez, Cipriano; Gutierrez Herraosillo, Aurelio; Gu- 
 tierrez Hermosillo, Roque; Hernandez, H. Faustino; Hita, B. Ra- 
 fael; Lopez, Manuel; Lopez, Pedro; Lopez, Rafael; Lopez Portillo, 
 Jesus; Lopez Portillo y Rojas, Jose; Loreto, Pablo J.; Larreategui,
 
 LEGAL DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 407 
 
 Francisco; Mancilla, Manuel; Marmolejo, Teodoro; Martinez Soto- 
 mayor, Antonio; Matute, Ignacio; Mendez, Panfilo; Mijares Anorga, 
 Antonio; Mirarnontes, Valentin; Morelos Alcedo, Ignacio; Morelos, 
 Antonio; Morelos, Cecilio; Ocampo Negrete, Miguel; Oliva, Ramon; 
 O'Reilly, Francisco; Ordaz, Ignacio; Parga, Esteban; Pares, Enrique; 
 Paros, Salvador; Perez, Francisco; Perez, Martin; Perez Rubio, Juan; 
 Perez Verdia, Luis; Ramirez, B. Genaro; Rayon, Ignacio; Reyes, 
 Luis; Reyes, Pablo; Reyes, Ventura; Reyes Zavala, Joaquin; Ries- 
 tra, Emiliano G.; Riestra, Leopoldo G. ; Robles, Emiliano; Robles, 
 Gil Emeterio; Romero, Castulo; Romero Gil, Hilarion;- Romero 
 Gomez, Gregorio; Romero, Santiago; Sanchez Aldana, Trinidad 
 Santoscoy, Jesus D.; Silva, Joaquin; Teran, Andres; Topete, M. 
 Francisco; Torbolero, Manuel M.; Ulloa, Ambrosio; Uribe, Albino; 
 Valencia, Leopoldo; Verea, Jose; Verea, Luis; Verea, Miguel; 
 Verea, Trinidad; Villa Gordoa, J. N. ; Villasenor, Mauro; Zavala 
 Francisco J.; Zermeno, Miguel. 
 
 GUANAJUATO (State of Guanajuato) Albarran, Ignacio; Alco3er, 
 Antonio; Anaya, Manuel; Anchondo, Juan; Arizmendi, Manuel; 
 Carcoba, Luis; Chico, Joaquin: Chico, Pablo; Chico Gonzalez, 
 Joaquin; Diaz Infante, Carlos; Garcia, Carlos; Garcia, Julio; Guer- 
 rero, Zenon; Hernandez, Joaquin; Hernandez, Pedro Feliz; Lazo, 
 Agustin M.; Leal, Manuel; Liceaga, Luis; Lizirdi, Manuel; Luna, 
 Manuel G.; Macias, Natividad; Obregon, Agustin, Obregon Gon- 
 zalez, Joaquin; Ramirez, Manuel; Rincon Alas, Antonio Carlos; 
 Robles Rocha, Luis; Rodriguez, Miguel; Tovar, Andres; Zermeno 
 Narciso. 
 
 GUAYMAS (State of Sonora) -Arteazaran, Fernanda M.; Bernal, 
 Eduardo; Campillo, M.; Gaxiola, Jesus M.; Marquez, Jose A.; 
 Monteverde, Jose; Orozco, Ricardo; Parada, Luis G.; Parada, Ma- 
 nuel R.; Pelaez, Ernesto; Robinson, Guillermo H. 
 
 HERMOSILLO (State of Sonora) Castafieda, Luis; Escobosa, 
 David; Monteverde, Pedro; Parada, Manuel R.; Peralta, Gabriel 
 M.; Rendon y Trava, Nicanor; Robles, Serafico J.; Rodriguez, Luis; 
 Ulloa, Jose Enciso; Velasco, FJorencio. 
 
 HIDALGO DEL PARRAL (State of Chihuahua) Anchondo, Juan; 
 Cortazar, Joaquin; Gomez Luna, Manuel; Prieto, Justo; Quebrado, 
 Jose Maria; Quevedo, Jos6 Maria; Rodriguez, Miguel; Valdes, 
 Luis.
 
 408 LEGAL DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 HUAMANTLA (State of Tlaxcala) Alvarez, Juan; Avila, Rafael; 
 Blanco, Jose Maria; Covarrubias, Felipe; Diaz, Calderon M.; En- 
 cinas, Antonio; Gonzalez, Mariano; Mantilla, Carlos; Marquez, J. 
 M. de J.; Toneblanca, Miguel. 
 
 IRAPUATO (State of Guanajuato) Alcantara, Joaqnin; Arroyo, 
 Ignacio; Galvan, Pedro; Tejeila, Miguel; Vargas, Carlos; Villal- 
 pando, Ignacio; Vieyra, Luis G; Villalobos, Francisco. 
 
 JALAPA (State of Veracruz) Aguilar, Joaquin G.; Bermudez, 
 jldefonso; Calderon, Luis G. ; Caraza, Manuel M.; Casas Souza, Jose 
 Maria; Castro, Manuel Fernandez de; Cesar, Jose Joaquin; Gorospe, 
 Jose Maria; Hernandez, Tranquilino; Huidobro de Azua, Miguel; 
 Mantilla Ortiz, Ramon; Medina, Angel; Morales y Suarez, Miguel; 
 Nogueira, Benigno D.; Olmos, Pedro de V.; Rivadeneyra, Jose 
 Maria; Rivadeneyra, Luis; Rivadeneyra, Manuel M. ; Velazquez 
 Domingnez, Pedro. 
 
 LA BARCA (State of Jalisco) Gonzalez Palomar, Carlos; Mora, 
 Jesus; Mora, Jose Maria; Ordaz, Ignacio; Perez, Martin; Rodriguez, 
 Alejo; Roman, Fernando; Sotomayor, Narciso. 
 
 LAGOS, SAN JUAN DE LOS (State of Jalisco) Alba y Alba, Miguel; 
 Cam po, Manuel M. ; Mufioz, Mariano; Romo Gallardo, J.; Perez, 
 Ruperto; Zermeno, Miguel. 
 
 LA PAZ (Territoiy of Lower Califoi'nia) Canalizo, Antonio; 
 Espinosa, Wenceslao; Galindo Ocampo, Clemen te; Mendoza, Luis; 
 Molina, Andres: Rivas, Eduardo; Rojas, Jacobo; Ruano, Pedro; 
 Toba, Fernando de la; Velasco, German. 
 
 LEON (State of Guanajuato) Aranda Diaz, Jose; Esquivel Obre- 
 gon, Toribio; Godinez, Benigno; Guerrero, Aten6jenes; Herrera, 
 Manuel; Lopez de Lara, Joaquin; Lopez, Baudelio; Mufioz Ledo, 
 Manuel; Martinez, Mariano; Mendoza, Miguel; Rocha Portu, Joa- 
 quin; Torres Septien, Juan; \"aldivia, Juan A.; Valdivia, Diodoro 
 G.; Villa, Pablo. 
 
 LINARES (State of Nuevo Leon) Benitez Leal, Pedro; Buentello, 
 Francisco; Gonzalez, Juan B.; Suarez, Santiago A. 
 
 MATAMOROS (State of Tamaulipas) Alva, Pedro R. de; Aragon, 
 Leon; Canedo, Jorge; Chapa, Refugio: Cortazar, Joaquin; Davila, 
 Hermenegildo; Emparam, Miguel; Guerra, Francisco; Mainero, Jose
 
 LEGAL DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 409 
 
 C.; Martinez Caceres, Arturo: Mendiola, Manuel; Peza, Manuel de 
 la; Siller de las Fuentes, Isaac. 
 
 MAZATLAN (State of: Sinaloa) Alcalde, Francisco C.; Gaona, La- 
 dislao; Galan, Carlos F., Moreno, Jose L.; Padilla, Pedro S. ; Perez 
 Gomez, Jose de la Luz; Pulido, Albino; Bio, Jesus H.; Lopez Santoyo, 
 D.; Salcedo, Francisco J.; Urrea, David A.; Valencia, Leopoldo. 
 
 MERIDA (State of Yucatan) Ancona, Eligio; Baqueiro, Serapio, 
 Boleo, Rafael; Canton, Francisco Rosado; Canton, Rudolfo G.; Car- 
 rillo, Fabian; Castellanos, Higinio; Castillo, Manzanilla M.; Castro, 
 Jose Jesus; Cicerol, Manuel; Correa Cauto, Jose; Esquivel, Juan A.; 
 Garcia, Pablo; Gomez, Ignacio; Gonzalez, Genaro; Gonzalez, Jose 
 Dionisio; Guerra, Antonio; Herrera, Juan Jose; Hijuelos, Pruden- 
 cio; Irigoyen, Liborio; Manzanilla, Alvino; Meneses, Manuel; Mo- 
 lina, J. Demetrio; Molina, Olegario; Molina Solis, Manuel; Molina 
 Sol is, Juan Francisco; Monareal, Agustin; Monforte, ZeferinoJ 
 Patron, Joaquin; Ponce y Pont, Bei'nardo; Rendon, Serapio; Ren; 
 don Alcocer, Julio; Rivero Figueroa, Jose D.; Rivero, Miguel- 
 Rivero Trava, Miguel; Rubio Alpuche, Nestor; Rubio, Sebastian; 
 Sales Zepfda, Manuel; Vales, Dario. 
 
 MEXICO, CITY OF (Federal District) Aguilar, Jesus Maria; 
 Alaman, Juan B.; Alaman, Sebastian; Alfaro, Francisco; Algara, 
 Jose; Alva, Ramon L.; Alvarado, Aniceto; Alvarez de la Cuadra, 
 D.; Alvarez, Francisco; Anda y Siliceo, Manuel; Araoz, Joaquin de 
 J.; Arellano, Alberto; Arroyo de Anda, Agustin; Artigas, Francisco; 
 Balandrano, Antonio Z.; Barra, F. de la; Barra, Lauro; Barreda ; 
 Antonio; Barrena, Ffancisco; Barrena, Jose J.; Batis, Jose Maria' 
 Bejarano, Pedro; Bermejo, Manuel; Blasco, Ramon; Boija, Manuel; 
 Bribiesca, Juan; Buemostro, Manuel; Bulman, Jose Francisco; 
 Burgoa, Ignacio; Bustamante, Pedro; Cancino, Salvador: Canton, 
 Bmilio G.; Cafias y Rodriguez, Antonio; Cardenas, Ramon; Careaga? 
 Alberto; Casasus, Joaquin D. ; Caso, Enrique; Castafieda y Najera, 
 Vidal; Castellanos, Jose Maria; Castillo, Jose Mariano; Castillo 
 Velasco, J. M.; Castillo, Victor Manuel; Castro, J. Agustin de; 
 Castro, Francisco de P.; Cervantes Milanes, J. M.; Chavarria, J. 
 J.; Chavero, Alfredo; Cicero, Ricardo; Cicero, Belisario; Collantes, 
 Pedro; Contreras, Samuel; Corchado, Jose D.; Cortazar, Francisco; 
 Cortazar, Miguel; Cosio, Francisco de P.; Cuevas, Jose de Jesus;
 
 410 LEGAL DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Davalos, Manuel Maria; Davis, Andres; Delgado, Vicente; Diaz Ba- 
 rreiro, J. M.; Diaz Barreiro, Pedro; Diaz Gonzalez, Prisciliano; 
 Donde, Rafael; Dublan, Adolfo; Dublan, Juan; Duran, Ignacio; 
 Duran, Jose E.; Duret, F.; Eguia, Lis J.; Elguero, Luis; Elizalde, 
 Octavio; Enciso, Crecensio; Enriquez, Gumesindo; Espana, Jesus R.; 
 Esparza, Juan R.; Estrada, Leandro; Ezquerro, Eugenic; Feria, Ig- 
 nacio Maria: Fernandez, Justino; Fortufio, Leonardo; Frias, Marcelino; 
 Galindo y Pimentel, Juan; Gamboa, Jose Mai-ia; Garay, Jose Maria; 
 GordillOjManuel; Gomez Parada,Manuel; Gomez Parada, Vicente; Go- 
 mez, Rafael; Gonzalez, Alcantara, Vicente; Gonzalez Urquiza, Luis; 
 Gonzalez de la Vega, T. ; Guerrero, Pablo; Gutierrez, Ernesto; Gutierrez 
 Otero, Luis; Hernandez, Juan; Hernandez, Telesforo; Herrera, R. ; 
 Icaza, Alberto; Icaza, Jesus; Icaza, Joaquin; Icaza, Juan Rafael; Ig~ 
 lesias, Eduardo; Islas, Gabriel Maria; Izaguirre, M. M.; Juarez, Toil- 
 bio; Juarez. Juan de Dios; Labastida, Luis; Lancaster Jones, Alfonso; 
 Landa, Jose Maria; Lara, M.; Lascurain, Pedro; Lazo, Agustin; 
 Legarreta, Jose L.; Lelo de Larrea, Enrique; Limon, Claudio; 
 Linares, Rafael; Llerena, Francisco de A.; Lombardo, Alberto; 
 Lombardo, Manuel; Lozano, Jose Maria; Lozano y Echevarria, J.; 
 Luna Lara, Pascual; Macedo, Miguel; Macedo, Pablo; Maldonado, 
 Aurelio; Martel, Joaquin; Martinez, Agustin; Martinez del Rio, 
 Pablo; Martinez del Campo, R. ; Martinez, Victor Jose; Marquez, 
 Benigno; Mateos, Juan A.; Medina, Jose Maria; Menclez, Luis; 
 Monroy, Ernilio; Monterde, Antonio; Morales, Medina F. ; Moran, 
 Antonio Agustin; Moran, Manuel S.; Muriel, R. B.; Nicoli, Jose 
 Patricio; Nicolin y Echanove, M.; Noriega y Malo, Agustin; Nunez, 
 Roberto; Obregon, Ramon; Ocampo y Arellano, Ignacio; Olmedo y 
 Llama, Jose; Ortega y Fonseca, Jose, Otero Avila, Francisco; 
 Padilla, Lucio; Palacios, Alberto L. ; Palacio, J. N. del; Pallares, 
 Jacinto; Palma, Luis G.; Pardo, Emilio; Pardo Jr., Emilio; Pardo, 
 Rafael; Paz, Arturo; Paz, Ireneo; Perez Jardon, Gregorio; Perez, 
 Luis G.; Prida y Arteaga, R.; Ramirez, Jose Hipolito; Ramos, 
 Joaquin Antonio; Reyes Retana, Tomas; Rivera y Rio, Agustin; 
 Robert, Cipriano; Rodriguez, Agustin; Rodriguez, Francisco; Ro- 
 driguez de S. Miguel, Javier; Rojas, Rafael; Romero, Roman; Sala- 
 zar y Murphy, J. M.; Sanchez Gavito, I.; Sanchez Castro, Pedro; 
 Sanchez y Sanchez, Roman; San Roman, Genaro; Segura, Fernando; 
 Segura Francisco, de P.; Seplilveda, Francisco; Serralde, Francisco
 
 LEGAL DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 411 
 
 A.; Sierra y Ontiveros, Julian; Sierra, Justo; Silva, Jose Maria; 
 Souterville, A. de P.; Suarez, Carlos D.; Tabera, Francisco de P.; 
 Taboada, Manuel; Tamborrel, Carlos; Tornel, Luis G. ; Valdez, 
 Arnado; Vallarta, Ignacio L. ; Valle, I. J. ; Valleto, Enrique; Vasquez 
 Tagle, M. ; Vega, Fernando; Velazquez, Luis; Verdugo, Agustin; 
 Vertiz y Fagoaga, Antonio; Vicario, Ramon; Villamar, Aniceto; 
 Villar, Luis G.; Villarelo, Juan de Dios; Vinas, Eduardo; ZaLJivar, 
 Jose Maria; Zayas, Pablo. 
 
 MONTEREY (State of Nuevo Leon) Alvarado, Crescencio; Bena- 
 vides, N. de; Chapa, Cristobal; Cirlos, Francisco; Davila, H. ; Floras, 
 Isidoro; Galindo, Ignacio; Garza Flores, Jesus; Garza Trevino, Jose 
 Angel; Gomez Valdez, Francisco; Guajardo, Buenaventura; Lozano, 
 Carlos; Maldonado, Ismael P.; Martinez, Jose Angel; Reyes, Fran- 
 cisco E.; Roel, Teodoro; Trevino, Ramon; Trevino, Vicente B. 
 
 MORELIA (State of Michoacan) Aldayturriaga, Jose M.; Arroyo, 
 Antonio M.; Ban-era, Joaquin; Bravo, Jose M.; Brena, Francisco; 
 Caballero, Luis G.; Campuzano, Jose M.; Cano, Francisco; Carranza, 
 Antonio; Carredo, Mariano; Castro, Jose M.; Dominguez, Vicente; 
 Elguero, Francisco; Estrada, Antonio de; Estrada, Francisco de; 
 Garcia Seiva, Vicente; Garmendia, Angel; Gonzalez, Francisco 
 W.; Gonzalez Gutierrez, Luis; Giiido, Jose Trinidad; Gutierrez 
 Antonio; Herrejon, Francisco B.; Huarte, Isidro; Ibarrolar 
 Antonio; Infante, Juan M.; Laris Contreras, Mariano; Laris? 
 Mariano G. ; Lemus Olafieta, Felix; Leon Cortez, Fernando; 
 Lopez, Nestor; Maciel, Vicente; Martinez, Fernando; Men- 
 dez, Esteban; Monge, Francisco; Montafto, Ramiro Francisco; 
 Moral y Peredo, Antonio del; Ojeda, Jose M.; Ortega, Fermin; Or- 
 tiz Domingo; Ortiz, Pascual; Oviedo Alzua, Manuel; Padilla, Angel; 
 Padilla, Matias; Paramo, Zeferino; Perez Gil, Francisco; Perez 
 Morelos, Francisco; Pino, Francisco de P.; Ramirez Gonzalez, An- 
 tonio; Rarrios, Manuel; Reynoso, Gregorio; Rodriguez Gil, Jose M.; 
 Rubio, Juan B.; Santoyo, Francisco; Torres, Mariano de J. ; Tre- 
 vino, Macario; Valdes, Luis B. ; Valdes, Luis R.; Zavala, Francisco 
 de P.; Zavala, Luis G. 
 
 NUEVO LAREDO (State of Tarnaulipas) Cardenas, Rafael; Gon- 
 zalez, Amado; Guerrero, Rafael; Morales Elisondo, Pedro; Salnzar, 
 Dionisio; Silva, Hilario C.; Trevino, Vicente B.; Valdez, Rosendo.
 
 412 LEGAL DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 OAXACA (State of Oaxaca) Artristain, J. ; Belmar, Francisco; 
 Castro, Carlos; Iturribarria, Jose; Mendez, G. ; Perez, Luis; San- 
 doval, Federico; Torres, G. ; Unda, Jose S. 
 
 ORIZABA (State of Veracruz) Aguilar, Agustin; Azcoytia, Giro; 
 Corona, Fructuoso; Hernandez y Carrasco, Francisco; Lara, Fran- 
 cisco V.; Landero y Pasquil, Jose; Moreno, Aniceto; Moreno, 
 Daniel; Moreno Cora, Silvestre; Rioseco, Ignacio A.; Vallejo, 
 Vicente; Villegas, Antonio R. ; Villegas, Manuel. 
 
 PACHUCA (State of Hidalgo) Arciniega, Ignacio; Arciniega.Fian- 
 cisco de P. Anduaga, Simon; Andrade, Adalberto G. ; Armino> 
 Adolfo; Barredo, Enrique; Blancas, Ignacio; Bravo, Manuel; Flores, 
 Miguel; Gom ez, Buenaventura; Hernandez, Francisco; Mancera, 
 Tonias; Ortega, Manuel; Sanchez Mejorada, Carlos. 
 
 PATZCUARO (State of Michoacan) Alcazar, Eduardo; Cortes> 
 Octaviano; Medrano, Martin; Mier, Rafael; Pacheco, Juan N.; 
 Meredo, Manuel; Paramo, Jose Maria; Peredo, Manuel. 
 
 PROGEESO (State of Yucatan) Espinosa, Antonio; Irigoyen, 
 Santiago. 
 
 PUEBLA (State of Puebla) Aguilar, Rafael; Aldave, Manuel; 
 Alvarez, Emilio; Armora, Luis G. ; Azcue, Serafin; Baez, Carlos; 
 Barrales, Manuel; Barrueta, Fernando; Barroso, Samuel; Beistegui, 
 Felix; Beistegui, Francisco; Beristain, Jesus; Brito, Luis; Carrasco, 
 Juan B.; Carreto, Manuel; Diaz, Jose Maria; Daza, Luis G.; 
 Espindola, Carmen; Escobar, Eligio; Fernandez, Agustin; Grajales, 
 Joaquin; Herrera, Juan; Lozano, Tomas; Lopez, Jos6 de J.; Limon, 
 Miguel; Martinez, A.; Martinez, Modesto R.; Mercado, Ignacio; 
 Morales, Eoiilio; Palacios, Juan; Perez Marin, Antonio; Ponton, 
 Mariano; Quintana, Juan N. ; Quintana, Ignacio; Quintero, Angel; 
 Rangel, Esteban; Rivadeneyra, Mariano; Rodriguez, Joaquin Julio; 
 Sandoval, Miguel; Seoane, Primitive; Tello, Antonio; Toledo, 
 Ricardo; Vital, Manuel. 
 
 QUERETARO (State of Queretaro) Agnilar, Antonio; Altamirano, 
 Rodrigo; Arcaute, Norberto F.; Arteaga, Jose Maria; Arteaga, Luis 
 G.; Balvanera, Juan; Barbosa, Jesus; Barrera, Florentine; Basal- 
 dua, Filemon; Burgos, Adalberto; Burgos, Carlos; Camacho, Enrique; 
 Camacho, Julian; Cobo, M. Francisco; Diaz, Aurelio; Frias, Juan N.; 
 Garcia, Encarnacion; Garcia, Juan; Gonzalez, German;Guerra, Juven-
 
 LEGAL DIRECTORY OP MEXICO. 413 
 
 tino; Guevara, Ramon; Hernandez, Antonio; Hernandez, Francisco; 
 Hernandez, Guadalupe; Hernandez, Mariano; Yanes, Juan; Islas, 
 Antonio; Jauregui, Ignacio; Larrondo, Sebastian; Lopez, Eduardo; 
 Lugue, Antonio; Llata, Antonio; Maldonado, Luis E. ; Martinez, 
 Juan; Medina, Jesus; Monsalve, Jesus E.; Munecas, Jose; Mufioz 
 Manuel; Olivera, Fausto; Olivera, Francisco; Ortiz, Monasterio Jose; 
 Pozo, Agapito; Pozo, Jesus; Pimentel, Mariano; Reynoso, Benito; 
 Reynoso, Manuel; Rodriguez, Juan B.; Ruiz, Alfonso; Septien, Al- 
 fonso; Suirob, Carlos; Suirob, Emiliano; Tejada, Manuel Velasco; 
 Trejo, Eugenio; Trejo, Rafael; Vazquez, Manuel Legorreta; Vazquez, 
 "Jose Marroguin; Vega, Juan; Vega, Prospero C.; Venegas, Juan; 
 Vera, Eugenio; Vera, Manuel; Veraza, Francisco H.; Villalpando, 
 Francisco; Zenteno, Gustavo. 
 
 ROSARIO (State of Sinaloa) Choya, Manuel L.; Perez Arce, 
 Daniel; Rodriguez, Salido; Rodriguez, Dionisio. 
 
 SALAMANCA (State of Guanajuato) Espinosa, Jesus; Ojeda, In- 
 dalecio; Ortega, Mai-cos; Vallejo, Luis G. 
 
 SALTILLO (State of Coahuila) Aguirre, Ingenio M.; Figueroa, 
 Hermenegildo; Flores, Manuel; Flores, Ramon; Fuente, Antonio 
 de la; Garcia, Arnulfo; Gomez Cardenas, Miguel; Hermosillo, 
 Francisco G.; Lopez, Manuel; Munoz, Mauro; Muzquiz, Jose Maria; 
 Ramos. Francisco de P.; Rodriguez, Bias; Sada, Francisco; Sanchez 
 Pena, Mariano; San Miguel, Eulalio; Valerio, Gabriel. 
 
 SALVATIERRA (State of Guanajuato) Avaiza, Rafael; Guzman, Ri- 
 cardo; Inclan, Manuel; Jimenez, Jose Maria; Vera, Agustin; Vital, 
 Antonio; Yepes, Rafael; Zuriaga, Clicerio. 
 
 SAN BLAS (Territory of Tepic) Arroniz, Francisco; Hernandez, 
 Nestor. 
 
 SAN CRISTOBAL LAS CASAS (State of Chiapas) Castillo, Miguel; 
 Castillo, Pedro; Castro, Lauro; Flores, Jesus; Gutierrez, Rafael; 
 Hernandez, Rosario; Paniagua, F.; Pena, Joaquin; Robles, Clemente; 
 Rojas, Herminio; Ruiz, Jose. 
 
 SAN JUAN BAUTISTA (State of Tabasco) Alonsias, Adolf o G. ; 
 Alvarez Nieto, Ramon; Becerra Fabre, Romulo; Burelo, Jose Maria 
 Burelo, Marcelino; Brito, Rodolfo; Camacho, Higinio; Capetillo; 
 Francisco; Carrillo, Serapio; Castellanos, Gregorio; Castro, Carlos 
 Maria; Garcia Montero, Jose; Gonzalez, Aurelio; Hernandez, An-
 
 414 LEGAL DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 tonio; Lacroix, Manuel; Mohens, Quericlo; Padron Reyes, Antonio; 
 Pairo, Jose E.; Parra, Simon; Pedrei-o, Mariano; Pellicer, Francisco; 
 Presenda Sanchez, Luis; Rojas, Olivio; Sanchez Marmol, Manuel; 
 Santana, Justo Cecilio; Sanz, M. A.; Susarte, Gustave A. 
 
 SAN JUAN DE GUADALUPE (State of Durango) Olvera, Jose Maria; 
 Perea, Jesus. 
 
 LAGOS (State of Jalisco) Cabral, Manuel; Galvan, Basilio; Ga- 
 ll arclo,Filiberto, MartnolejoT.; Sanroman, J.M. ; Zermefio, Leonardo. 
 
 SAN JUAN DEL Rio (State of Queretaro) Ballesteros, Vicente; 
 Basurto, Nicolas; Olivos, Lorenzo; Trejo, Anastasio. 
 
 SAN Luis POTOSI (State of San Luis Potosi) Adame, Eduardo 
 Rodriguez; Alba, Alonso de; Alba, Juan F. de; Aguirre, Jose Maria! 
 Ayala, Juan F.; Borja, Antonio M. ; Campos, Edmundo; Castro, 
 Edmundo; Chavira, Santiago; Cosio, Enrique; Debora, Antonio; 
 Fernandez, Jesus M.; Gama, Francisco; Gauia, Jesus; Gutierrez, 
 Francisco L.; Hernandez, Manuel; Hoyo, Tomas del; Ibarra, Ale- 
 jandro; Jimenez, J. de Jesus; Jimenez, Serapio; Margain, Adolfo; 
 Martinez, Manuel; Medina, Manuel; Mendoza, Pedro; Melendez, 
 Jesus; Moctezuma, Jose L. ; Mendoza, Pedro; Moreno, Guillermo; 
 Nava, Fortunate; Nava, Jose H.; Ordaz, Eruilio; Palau, Mariano; 
 Pedroza, Arnulfo; Pellegrin, Carlos A.; Portillo, Silvestre L. ; 
 Ramos, Ramon; Rangel, Santiago; Reyes, Florencio; Rodriguez j 
 Intonio de P.; Ruelas, Juan N. ; Sandoval, Manuel; Soto, Conrado 
 D.; Soto, Jesus H.; Sonsa, Francisco; Valadez, Francisco M.; Vaz- 
 quez, Lamberto; Vega, Jose; Velazquez, Primo F.; Villalobos, 
 Jacobo; Villalobos, Joaquin; Zarsoza, Francisco; Zepeda, Zenon. 
 
 SOMBRERETE (State of Zacatecas) Alvarez, Adolfo; Bonilla, An- 
 tonio; Bracho, Manuel; Cuevas, Aurelio. 
 
 TAMPICO (State of Tamaulipas) Aleman, Ramon; Arriola, Ramon; 
 Arce, J. Nicolas; Gomez Gil, Pantaleon; Ortiz, Modesto; Resales, 
 Ramon; Valle, Joaquin del. 
 
 TEHUACAN (State of Puebla) Carrillo, F. de Jesus; Diaz, Nef- 
 tali M.; Gomez Leon, Jose; Gonzalez, Daniel; Isla, Manuel; Montiel, 
 Trinidad; Tagle, Juan; Uriarte y Tamayo, Jose Maria. 
 
 TEPIC (Territory of Tepic) Alarcon, Juan; Andrade (hijo), 
 Eduardo; Andrade,Tomas; Arias,Eustaquio; Garcia Esteves, Antonio; 
 Gomez Monroy, Aurelio; Gomez Virgen, Manuel; Ibarra, Fernando 
 S.j Martinez Ochoa, Ignacio; Meza, Jose A.; Moreno, Jose A.; 
 Munoz Ruiz, Nicolas; Narvaez, Alfredo; Pesquera, Carlos; Ponce de
 
 LEGAL DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 415 
 
 Leon, Guillermo A.; Susarrey, Luis J. ; Valadez, Roberto; Zaragoza, 
 Antonio. 
 
 TLAXCALA (State, of Tlaxcala) Calva, Manuel; Ctiellar, Jose 
 Espejel, Jose Maria; Guerra, Raymundo; Maldonado, Agustin; 
 Rojas, Trinidad; Velasquez, Basilio. 
 
 TOLUCA (State of Mexico) Aguado y Barron, M.; Beltran, Lino 
 M.; Cobos, Miguel; Estrada, Juan; Garcia, Alberto; Garcia Luna, 
 Joaquin; Gorostidas, Melquiades; Lazcano, Agustin; Martinez, 
 Jose; Miranda, Pascual; Portillo, Ruperto; Pliego y Perez, Miguel; 
 Reyes, Manuel; Rodriguez, Vicente M.; Sierra, Feliciano B.; So- 
 brino, Luis; Suarez, Carlos; Uribe, Romualdo; Valdez, Luis; Vicen- 
 cio, Celso; Villarelo, Felipe; Villada, Eduardo; Villa vicencio, Arca- 
 dio; Zamora, Camilo; Zuniga, Teodoro; Zubieta, Jose Maria. 
 
 VERA CRUZ (State of Veracruz) Alcolea, Leandro M.; Carazaj 
 Jose Miguel; Dominguez, Jose E. ; Freysunier, Eduardo; Jime- 
 enez XJnda, Enrique; Juenero, Leopoldo; Garcia Mendez, Manuel; 
 Gomez, Jose; Jauregui, J.; Lopez, Manuel; Manero, J. M. ; Obre- 
 gon, Guillermo; Preen, Jose Gil; Pizarro Suarez, Nicolas; Reyes Tor- 
 res, Enrique; Requena, Luis; Rodriguez, Ricardo; Valdez, Miguel. 
 
 VILLA LERDO (State of Durango) Arrieta, Hernandez; Alva, 
 Miguel ; Fernandez, Esteban; Sarinana, T. 
 
 ZAMORA (State of Michoacan) Alvarez, Hilario; Alejos, V.; 
 Cedeno, Antonio; Duenas, Jose Maria; Echeverria, Gonzalo; Garcia, 
 Francisco C.; Mendez, Demetrio; Mendez, Nicolas; Ortega, Eu- 
 sebio; Padilla, Luis G.; Perez, Jose Maiia; Rio, J. Antonio del; 
 Trujillo, Manuel; Verduzco, Manuel; Verduzco, Mariano. 
 
 ZACATECAS (State of Zacatecas) Aguilar, Jose M.; Aguilar, Luis; 
 Aguilar, Tranquilino; Aranda, Benjamin; Arteaga, Cayetano; Ar- 
 teaga, Herminio; Carrillo, Eusebio; Castelvi, Rafael S.; Castro, 
 Ignacio; Cueyas, Luciano; Echevarria, Jose Maria; Enriquez, Trini- 
 dad; Escobedo, Enrique; Gutierrez, Jesus; Hoyo, Ramon del; Leon, 
 Francisco; Lopez, Macedonio; Leal, Heraclio R. ; Macias, Manuel; 
 Medina Barron, Francisco; Moreno, Fernando; Navarrete, Pedro; 
 Orozco, Wistano; Piedras, Rafael; Puente, Manuel; Rojas, Isidro; 
 Rojas, Francisco; Rueda, Alberto; Ruiseco, Juan; Sanchez, Mariano; 
 Sandoval, Bernardo R.; Sandoval, Francisco; Seniceros, Rafael; 
 Soto, Jesus; Soto, Manuel; Torres, Julian ; Tenorio, Francisco; 
 Valdez, Jesus; Velasco, Luis; Viramontes, Luis G.; Zezati, Fran- 
 cisco.
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF THE LEADING CITIES 
 OF THE REPUBLIC. 
 
 ACAMBARO (State of Guanajuato) Groceries and provisions 
 Alvarez, Hermenegildo; Alcala, Jesus; Alvarez Errejon, .Rafael; Ar- 
 reola, Hipolito; Flores, Jesus; Maya, Saturnine G. ; Maya, Francisco 
 G. ; Munoz. Eufrasio; Rivera, Adolfo; Tinoeo, Epitucio; Troncoso, 
 Jesus M.; Uiibai-rien, Jesus. Drugs Ochoa, German; Samano, 
 Francisco. Dry goods Arreola Hipolito; Duran, Refugio; Her- 
 nandes, Genaro; Maya, Francisco G. Commission merchants 
 Maya, Francisco G.; Saavedra, Rafael. Hardware Duenas, Pris- 
 ciliano. Sewing machines Lopez, Enrique. 
 
 ACAPULCO (State of Guerrero) Arms and ammunition Alzu- 
 yeta Hnos. y Ca. ; Fernandez y Ca., B. Banks and Bankers 
 Banco cle Londres and Mexico; Alzuyeta Hnos. y Ca. ; Fer- 
 nandez y Ca., B. ; Urunuela y Ca., P. Books and stationery 
 Alzuyeta Hnos. y Ca. ; Fernandez y Ca.. B. ; Pintos, Antonio; Ro- 
 driguez, Ignacio; Urunuela y Ca., P. Commission merchants 
 Alzuyeta Hnos. y Ca. ; Andraca, Luis; Arozemena, J.; Bello, Her- 
 nianos; Caamano, Eduardo M. ; Fernandez y Ca., B. : Kastan, Pedro; 
 Lobato, Aristeo; Mendiola, Jose; Stoll, German; Uruftuela y Ca., 
 P. Drugs Butron, Antonio; Link, Sucr; Posada, Roberto S. 
 Dry goods Alzuyeta Hnos. y Ca.; Fernandez y Ca., B.; Bello Her- 
 manos; Caamano, Eduardo M.; Cordova, Ramon C. ; Mendiola, 
 Jose; Rodriguez, Ignacio; Urunuela y Ca., P. Fancy goods Al- 
 zuyeta Hnos. y Ca.; Fernandez y Ca., B.; Rodriguez, Ignacio; 
 Urunuela y Ca., P. Glassware Alzuyeta Hnos. y Ca. ; Fernandez 
 y Ca., B.; Urunuela y Ca., P. Groceries Arozemena, J. ; Bello 
 Hnos.; Bustos, Antonio; Caamano^ Eduardo M.; Celis, Ernesto G. ; 
 Cordova, Ramon C.; Cuevas, Joaquin; Liquidano, Faustino; Liqui- 
 dano, Herlindo O.; Maresco, Jose; Moreno, Jose Maria; Olvera, 
 Luis; Payno, Isabel G. de; Pintos, Antonio; Rodriguez, Ignacio; 
 (416)
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 417 
 
 Rivera, Marcial; Villamar, Francisco; Valeriano, Juan; Vizcaino, 
 Aureliano. Hardware Alzuyeta Hnos. y Ca. ; Fernandez y Ca. 
 B.; Urunuela y Ca., P. Importers of groceries Alzuyeta y Ca. ; 
 Fernandez y Ca., B. ; Mendiola, Jose; Urufiuela y Ca., P. Import- 
 ers and exporters Alzuyeta y Ca.; Fernandez y Ca., B.; Urufiuela 
 y Ca., P. ' Ironware, dealers and manufacturers Fernandez y Ga., 
 B.; Pacific Mail Steamship Company. Jewelers Bermudez, Pablo 
 C. ; Martinez, Panfilo; .Ramirez, Gumesindo; Tellechea, Ignacio. 
 Manufacturers and dealers in boots and shoes Arevalo, Enrique; 
 Cardona, J. Encarnacion. Manufacturers, brick Canales, Fran- 
 cisco; Martinez, Francisco; Villamar, Francisco. Manufacturers, 
 cotton goods Fernandez y Ca., B. Manufacturers, cotton, linen 
 and woolen goods Bello Hnos.: Fernandez y Ca., B. Manufac- 
 turers, soap Pinto, Antonio. Sewing machines Mazzini, Angel. 
 Tailors Elias y Tavares; Piza, Victor. Tobacco dealers Alzu- 
 yeta Hnos. y Ca.; Fernandez y Ca., B.; Urunuela y Ca., P.; Villa- 
 mar, F. Unclassified merchants Loughery, W. Robert; Oetling 
 Gericke y Ca. Watchmakers and silversmiths Bermudez, Eraclio; 
 Bermudez, Pablo C.; Garcia, G. P.; Luz, Daniel H.; Martinez, Pan- 
 filo; Mazzini, Angel; Ramirez, Gumesindo. 
 
 AGUASCALIENTES (State of Aguascalientes) Agricultural imple- 
 ments Aguilar Hermanos; Barkly, A.; Berber, Vicente; Pilon, 
 Martin I. Banks and bankers Banco Nacional; Guinchard, J 
 Refugio. Books and stationery Aguilar Hermanos; Canrino, M.- 
 Davila, Cleto. Boots and shoes Alvarez, Cruz; Cornou, Pedro. 
 Duson, Reyes; Jimenez, Simon; Masson, Francisco; Nunez, Marciano; 
 Parga, Monico; Trejo, Manuel. Carriage manufacturers and dealers 
 Chavez, Gil; Escobar, Ventura; Navarro, Antonio; Santoyo, Pe- 
 dro. China, glassware, etc. Bernal, Andres; Castafieda, Margarita; 
 Espino, Francisco; Iturbide, Bonifacio; Palacio, Demetrio; Sagredo, 
 Carlos; Valdes, Pedro; Valera, Elizondo y Ca. Commission merchants 
 Aguilar Hermanos; Berber, Vicente ; Chavez e Hijos, Viudade; Go- 
 mez, Juana D.; Graumont, Eugenio; Guinchard, Refugio; Palacio 
 Demetrio. Drugs Davila, Cleto M. ; Gonzalez, Alubiade; Marin, 
 Francisco; Marin, Juan; Rosa, Luis de la; Sagredo, Carlos; Sando- 
 val, Miguel; Valera, Elizondo y Cia. Dry goods Aguilar Her- 
 manos; Cazon, Agustin; Corpu, Pedro (wholesale); Davila, Cleto 
 Maria; Diaz,. Leon; Duran, Reyes (wholesale); Gilly, Gonzalez; 
 
 M
 
 418 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Gonzalez, J.; Gonzalez, Marin; Leautaud y Barbaroux; Leautaud, 
 Hermanos; Martinez, Manuel; Martinez, Severino; Pilon, Martin; 
 Puga, Antonio; Puga, Guillenno; Romero, Manuel; Valera, Elizondo 
 y Cia; Vasquez, Ignacio; Zuluaga, Manuel. Fancy goods Aguilar, 
 Edmundo; Chavez, Rafael; Chavez, Trifonio; Leal, Alberto; Sagreda, 
 Carlos. Groceries and provisions Aguilar Hermanos (importers); 
 Berber, Vicente; Castaneda, Margarita; Cruz, Fernando; Davalos, 
 Sue; Enriquez, Ciprian; Enriquez, Santiago; Espino, Francisco; 
 Gonzalez, Espiridion; Gramont, Eugenio; Guinchard, Refugio J. 
 (importer); Leal, Alberto; Morfin Vargas Hermanos; Ocarnpo, Epi-. 
 fanio; Ortiz y Vallejo; Pedroza, Francisco; Roman, Antonio; Torres, 
 Florentine ; Torres, Leonardo; v aldez, Pedro. Hardwwe Berber, 
 Vicente; Bernal, Andres; Castaneda, Margarita; Espino, Francisco ; 
 Gonzalez, Esperidon; Guinchard, Refugio; Herrera, Florentino; 
 Palacio, Demetrio; Perez, Esteban; Sagredo, Carlos; Valdez, Pedro; 
 Ventura, Nicanor. Hat manufacturers and dealers Aleman, San- 
 tos G. ; Parra, Felipe; Parra, Juan. Ironware merchants and man- 
 ufacturers Berber, Vicente; Guinchard, Refugio. Jewelry, watches 
 and silver Iturbide, J.; Robles, Victor; Rotno, Ricardo; Sagredo, 
 Carlos; Saucedo, Juan; Von Faber, Ricardo. Lithographers 
 Davalos, Nestor; Pedrosa, Trinidad. Manufacturers of brass and 
 iron bedsteads Arteaga, Juan; Hernandez, Valentin. Paints, colors 
 and varnishes Carrasco J. ; Irigoyen, Adalberto; Vargas, Anas- 
 tasio; Vargas, Jose. Pianos and organs Inostrosa, Gregorio; 
 Perchez, Jose. Saddlery and harness Diaz, Jnan; Sandoval, 
 Miguel; Sandoval, Pascual. Sewing machines Adler, M. ; Ketel- 
 sen y Degetau; Normann, Alberto; Norwald, Enrique. Unclassified 
 merchants Aguilar, Edmundo; Aguilar, Luis; Bernal, Francisco 
 M.; Chavez, F. Ruiz; Davalos, Enrique, Gonzalez, Martin; Leal, 
 Arturo N. ; Lopez, Fernando; Morfin, Antonio y Ga; Ocampo, 
 Tomas; Guinchard y Vallejo; Romero, Miguel; Vargas, Hermanos; 
 Zuloaga, Jose Maria. 
 
 ALAMOS (State of Sonora) Commission merchants Bours e 
 flijo T. Robinson; Ocharanza y Ca., Oscar; Ortiz y Hno., Jose 
 Maria; Robinson, Tomas; Salazar, Pedro L.; Almada y Cia., Angel; 
 Lebrun, Jose S. 
 
 ATLIXCO (State of Puebla) Arms and ammunition Leichtlein, 
 Felipe. Carriage manufacturers and dealers Fernandez, Felix;
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 419 
 
 -Rojas, Javier; Salazar, Jose Maria. China and glassware 
 Leichtlein, Felipe. Dry goods Avalos, Ignacio; Cabrera, 
 Antonio; Morales, Toinas; Ramirez, * Lorenzo. Fancy goods 
 Leichtlein, Felipe. Groceries and provisions Oarbajal, An- 
 tonio; Carbajal, Manuel; Cardoso, Febronio; Hernandez, Luisj 
 Mendieta, Agustin; Otero, Pedro; Rivera, Ignacio; Rocha, Bernardo; 
 Rosales, Pedro; Ruiz, Manuel; Soto, Angel. Hardware Leich- 
 tlein, Felipe. Paints and oils Barcena, Gabriel; Leichtlein, 
 Felipe. 
 
 CAMARGO (State of Tamaulipas) Exporters of hides and skins 
 Garcia, Donaciano G. ; Pefia, Juan Garcia. Commission merchants 
 Garcia, Donaciano G. (general .merchandise); Gutierrez, y Hno., 
 Jose Angel; Laflfavge y Lacaze; Madrigal, Santos Valle; Ortega, 
 Eduviges; Pena, Juan Garcia; Tames y Hno., Donaciano. 
 
 CAMPECHE (State of Campeche) Agricultural implements Ber- 
 ron, Fernando; Castellot, Hermanos. Bankers Cano Diego, Fer- 
 nando J. ; Castellot, Hermanos. Boots and shoes Leon, Gualter; 
 Medina, Jose J. ; Ortiz, Antonio; Ortiz, Carlos; Quijano, Felipe. 
 Carriage manufacturers and dealers Mendoza, Pilar; Perez, 
 Lorenzo; Rodriguez, Ignacio. China and glassware Estrada, A. 
 Mendez. Commission merchants Garcia, Juan Garcia; Oliver y 
 Ca., A. Drugs Del Rio, Joaquin; Espinola, Manuel; Gala, Joa- 
 quin R. ; Lauz, Manuel A.; Lavalle, Eduavdo; Leon, Agustin; Oliver 
 Manuel Lopez. Dry goods Castellot, Hermanos; Castillo, Jose 
 M.; Lopez, Jose T.; MacGregor, Jose F. Esfcra; Oliver y Ca., A. 
 Fancy goods Araoz, Pablo J. ; Baeza, Julio; Estrada, A. Mendez* 
 Furniture dealers Campos, Juan de la Cabada. Groceries and 
 provisions Berron, Fernando; Boldo, Narciso (importers); Cano y 
 Cano, Francisco; Cano y Diego, Fernando J.; Castellot, Hermanos; 
 Diego, Ignacio Cano; Llovera, Antonio; Mena, Ricardo; Oliver y 
 Ca., A. Hardware Berron, Fernando; Berron Hermanos; Zu- 
 loaga, Jose. Hats Rodriguez, Jose. Paper Araos, Pablo J. 
 Sewing machines Oliver y Ca., A. ; Ramirez, Antonio 1. 
 
 CARMEN ISLAND (State of Campeche) Dry goods Goytia, Garcia 
 y Ca.; Pallas, Francisco. Drugs Arcue, Venancio S. ; Ibarra, A.; 
 Lagunera, Manuel. General merchants Aniza, Benito; Burgos, 
 Hermanos; Colarelo y Ca., B. F. ; Domingo, Perez y Field; Escri- 
 bano, Jose Poveda; Ferrer, Felipe; Ferrer, Jose Otero; Guliani,
 
 420 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Numa (books); Hernandez, Quirino; Martinez, Antonio; Manjar- 
 rez, Herraanos; Nieves y Ca. ; Pallas, Francisco (dry goods); Paul- 
 lada, Esteban; Quintana, Joaquin (commission merchant); Ropeto, 
 Juan Luis (groceries and provisions); Saeno, Policarpo; Slovero, 
 Juan; Williams y Ca. (importers); Zaldivar, Antonio. 
 
 CHALCHICOMULA (State of Puebla) Drugs Altamirano, J. M.; 
 Amador, M. ; Castillo, Francisco; Morales, S. L. Dry goods mer- 
 chants Otaola, Urichi y Sobs.; Reynaud, Camilo; Rivera, G. 
 Fancy goods Bocanegra, J. Maria; Maldonado.y Rousset. Gen- 
 eral merchandise Campos, M. ; Couttolene, Cristobal; Cordero, 
 Viuda de R.; Delgado, F. ; Gomez, Juan N.; Martinez, E. L. ; Ro- 
 driguez, A. J. M.; Rodriguez, Jose de J. Hats .Martinez, Guada- 
 lupe. Hardware Meza, Alejo. Stationery Mellado, Jos6 M. 
 
 CHIHUAHUA (State of Chihuahua) Agricultural implements and 
 hardware Armendariz, Ramon; Balderran, Narciso; Brittinghaus, 
 J. M.; Fandoe Sues., Luis; Fraser& Chalmers; Ketelsen & Degetau; 
 Lerma, Jose; Lynch y Ca; Nordwaid, H.; Reinhardt, H. O.; Rem- 
 bez & Bezaury; Serrago, Juan; Taseira, Felix F. Banks and Bank- 
 ers Sucursal del "Banco Nacional;" "Banco Minero Chihua- 
 huense;" Banco de Santa Eulalia; Banco Mexicano; Banco de Chihua- 
 hau; Ketelsen y Degetau; Maceyra, Felix F. ; Macmanus 4 hijos> 
 F. ; Solas, Miguel. Booksellers and stationers Maceyra, Felix; 
 Miramontes, Donate; Villar, Antonio. Boots and shoes Coriche, 
 Dario; Larrang, J. A.: Martinez, Jose; Molina, J. J.; Ortegon, 
 Policarpo; Perchoz, Jos6; "Vidal, Matias; Williams, J.; Zaldivar, 
 Mariano. Carriages Carroceria de Lamm; Carroceria de Lerma; 
 Lerma, Juan; Lynch y Ca. China and glassware Armendariz, 
 R. ; Creel, Enrique; Rutiaga, Eduardo; Vidal, Matias. Commis- 
 sion merchants Arguelles, Canute; Armendariz, R.; Castro, Trini- 
 dad; Cuevas, Santiago; Ketelsen y Degetau; Madrid, J. ; Navarro, 
 E. ; Reinhardt, H. O.; Ruiz, Francisco; Sanchez; Terrazas, Juan; 
 Vega, Anastasio; Villa, Antonio. Drugs Ordaz, Evaristo; Davila, 
 Cleto M.; Elizondo, Valera; Gonzalez, Alcibiades; Lafon, Emilioj 
 Marin, Juan; Rosa, Luis de la; Sagredo, Carlos; Sandoval, Miguel. 
 Dry goods Corpu, Pedro; Duron, Reyes; Ketelsen & Degetau; 
 La Fabrica de Francia; La Francia Maritima; La Sorpresa; Ma- 
 ceyra, J. F.; Macmanus e hijos, F.; Nordwald, H.; Rubin y Ca., J.; 
 Sanchez, Jos6 Maria. Fancy goods Ketelsen y Degetau; Nord-
 
 MERCAIsTILE DIRECTORY OP MEXICO. 421 
 
 wald, H. ; Rembez y Bezaury. Furniture dealers Anthony, 
 George H.; Armendariz, Eamon; Ketelsen y Degetau; Lamm, 0. C.; 
 Lynch y Ca.; Nordwald, Enrique; Rembez y Bezaury; West, Ch. 
 Groceries and provisions Aldana y Hnos; Armendariz, Ramon; 
 Dale Bros.; Ketelsen & Degetau; Maceyra, Felix F.; Molinar y 
 Sanchez; Nordwald, fl.; Padilla y Ca., Albino. Hat stores El 
 Sombrero Rojo; Sombrerer a Mexicana. Ironware dealers and 
 manufacturers Ketelsen & Degetau; Nordwald, H.; Reinhardt, 
 H. O. Jewelers and watchmakers Alguin, Antonio; Arellano y 
 Ca., Severiano; Chacon Hermanos; Hogland, Enrique; Gautier, N.; 
 Zaralza y Pina; Zavalza, C.; Zavalza, Felipe. Musical instruments 
 Inostrosa, Gregorio; Miramontes, D. ; Perchez, Jose. Merchants, 
 general Aldana, R. S.; Altamirano, Manuel M.; Armendariz 
 Ramon; Azunzulo, Antonio; Azunzolo, Juan M. ; Bessauri, Felix; 
 Chavez, Genaro J.; Creel, Enrique C.; Fandoa, Luis; Hooper y Ca.- 
 Ketelsen y Degetau; LequinSzaval, Domingo; Lorenzo, M.; Loya, 
 Carlos; Maceyra, Felix F.; Macmanus y Hijos, F.; Maye, Gustavo; 
 Minagoren, Pedro; Mufioz, Silvino; Navarro, Benigno; Navarro, 
 Hermanos; Norwald y Ca.; Partida, Hermanos; Puig y Domingo; 
 Ruiz, Francisco; Salas, Miguel; Sanchez, Jose Maria; Schusster, B.; 
 Stalfordt, J.; Tejeda, Refugio; Terraza, Juan; Gonzalez, Trevino 
 Hermanos; Venmehren, Guillermo. Paints, oils and varnishes 
 Carrasco, J.; Irigoyen, Adalberto; Newton & Andrew; Vargas Anas- 
 tasio; Vargas, Jose. Sewing machines Adler, M.; Ketelsen y 
 Degetau; Macmanus, Franco; Norwald, Enrique; Reinhardt, H. O. 
 
 CHILPANCINGO (State of Guerrero) Bankers Fuente, Egidio de 
 la; de Celis, Gabriel F. Drugs Manjarrez, Juan Cruz; Parra, 
 Miguel; Rodriguez, Alberto. Merchants Andraca, Ramon; Ca- 
 banas, Jose M.; Calvo, Ignacio; Campos, Rafael A.; de Celis, Ga- 
 briel F.; Enriques, Lucas; Ferreyro, Francisco I.; Gavito, Juan; 
 Godinez, Sabas y Vicente; Guevara, Donaciano; Morlet, A.; Pa- 
 tino, Manuel; Reyes y Hermano, A.; Rodriguez, Agustin; Ro- 
 driguez, Alberto; Rodriguez, Tomas. 
 
 CIUDAD GUERRERO (State of Tamaulipas) Drugs Fernandez, 
 Antonio M. ; Gonzalez, Martin. Dry goods Ruiloba, Jose; San- 
 chez, Francisco; Volpe, M. Y. Hermano. General merchandise 
 Canales, G.; Flores, Juan Manuel; Gutierrez, Cadena; Salazar,
 
 422 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Victor; Saldana, I.; Vela, Manuel Ramirez. Hardware and house 
 furnishing goods Gutierrez, Juan de D.; Saldana, I. 
 
 CIUDAD JEREZ (State of Zacatecas) Bankers Castellanos y Ca., 
 Antonio R. Carriage dealers Castellanos y Ca., Antonio R. 
 Drugs Escobedo, J. Villalobos; Ortiz y Ca., Jose Maria; Roman j 
 Ca., Tomasa C. de. Dry goods Berumen, J. Antonio; Brilanti, 
 Rafael; Escobedo, Higinio; Escobedo, Juan P.; Hoyo, Eugenio del; 
 Sanchez, Francisco de B.; Silva, Francisco Escobedo. Fancy goods 
 Arellano, Luis. Furniture Castellanos y Ca., Antonio R. 
 General goods Carrillo, Castellanos y Damas. Hardware Are- 
 llano y Ca., Luis; Cabrera, Jose Felix; Escobedo, Juan de D. Sew- 
 ing machines Gutierrez, Manuel Maria. 
 
 CIUDAD JUAREZ (State of Chihuahua) Arms and ammunition 
 Ketelsen y Degetau. Banks and bankers Banco Chihuahuense; 
 Banco Minero; Sucursal del Banco Nacional del Paso, Texas; Bron- 
 soii, E. B. ; Ochoa, Inocente. China and glassware Loeb Her- 
 manos. Commission merchants Alvarez, Joaquin A.; Arguelles, 
 Camilo; Barroso, Cliserio; Del Paso, Luis; Ketelsen y Degetau; 
 Raphael, J. J.; Wells, Fargo y Cia. Drugs Cuadra, Jose Garcia; 
 Hernandez, H. Dry goods Blumenthal, I.; Flores, Jose Maria; 
 Goodman, Jose; Kahn & Bros., Felix; Oc'hoa, Inocente. Groceries 
 and provisions Alarcon, Gildardo; Barroso, Cliserio; Del Paso, 
 Luis; Dieter y Sauer; Echeverria, Jose; Garcia, Andres; Gomez y 
 Cia., Jose; Ketelsen y Degetau; Sanchez, Hermanos; Trueba, H. 
 I.; Trueba, D. Hardware Ketelsen y Degetau; Krakauer, Zork 
 Moye. Jewelers Goodman, Jose; Kahn Hermanos; Ketelsen y 
 Degetau. Music store Walz, W. G. Sewing machines Ketel- 
 sen y Degetau; Walz, W. G. 
 
 COLIMA (State of Colima) Agricultural implements, arms, and 
 ammunition Oldenbourg, Jorge; Bankers Alcaraz, Jose M.; 
 Barreto, Gregorio; Flor, Christian; Flor y Kofani; Guizar y Ca.; 
 Medina, Agustin; Oetling y Ca., Alejandro, Sue; Vargas. Agustin. 
 Banks Banco de Londres, y Mexico; Banco Nacional (agents* 
 Arnoldo Vogel y Ca.). Books and stationery Campero, Severo; 
 Schmidt, J. F. A.; Urziia, Juana; Urzua, Silvestre D. Boots and 
 shoes Chanona, Antera; Ruiz, Jose. Cardboard manufacturer 
 Guerrero, Luis. Carriage dealers Cosio, Tiburcio; Dorantes, 
 Eduardo. Commission merchants Flor, Christian; Ibarra, Aurelio;
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 423 
 
 Oetling y Ca., Alejandro, Sue.; Ruiz, Ponciano; Vega, Ramon J. 
 de la. Drugs Cuera, Francisco 0.; Fuentes, Ignacio; Mendoza, 
 Jose L.; Moni, Agustin; Morril hijo, Augusto; Orozco, Crescencio; 
 Suarez, Cosines. Dry goods Bazan, Ramon; Diaz, Epifanio; Lan- 
 gagorta, Hermanos; Oebling y Ca., Alejandro, Sue.; Rodriguez y Ca., 
 Guzman; Rosas, Luisa Garcia; Silva, Roberto; Silva, Porfirio; 
 Urzua, Juana (silks). Fancy goods Oldenbourg, Jorge M. ; 
 Rendon, Jos6 Maria. Furniture dealers and manufacturers 
 Benitez, Justo; Bustos, Othon; Quinones Marcelino. Groceries 
 and provisions Alvarez, Gregorio; Barreto, Isidore; Bazan, 
 Ramon; Calleja, Antonio de la; Diaz, Epifanio; Flor, Chris- 
 tian; Flor y Kofani; Garcia, Esteban; Gomez, S.; Guiz ir y Ca. , 
 Dolores; Gutierrez, Ignacio D.; Oetling y Ca., Alejandro, Sue.; 
 Oetling Hermanos y Ca. ; Oldenbourg, Jorge; Plaza, Alberto de la; 
 Plaza, Francisco de la; Rodriguez y Ca., Guzman; Rodriguez, 
 Manuel; Rosas, Luis Garcia; Vargas, Francisco; Vega, Ramon J. 
 de la; Vogel y Ca., Arnoldo. Hardware Ceja, Jose Maria; Olden- 
 bourg, Jorge; Rendon, Jose Maria; Rodriguez, Manuel; Schacht, 
 Agustin; Smith y Madrid. Hat stores and manufacturers Gudino, 
 Roque; Parra, Aurelio; Perez, Jose Maria. Importers and export- 
 ers Flor, Christian; Guisar, Dolores; Madrid, Zenobio; Oetling y 
 Ca., Alejandro, Sue.; Oldenbourg, Jorge; Plaza, Enrique de la; Ro- 
 driguez, Manuel; Ruiz, Ponciano; Vanderlinden, Vogel y Ca. Iron- 
 ware dealers and manufacturers Barreto, Isidore; Barreto, 
 , Miguel; Flor, Christian. Jewelers Oldenbourg, Jorge; Rodriguez 
 y Ca., Guzman. Lithographers Rivera, Rosendo R. Sewing 
 machines Gutierrez, Ignacio D.; Ibarra, Eleazar M.; Morril e hijo 
 Augusto; Oldenbourg, Jorge. 
 
 CORDOBA (State of Veracruz) Bankers Diaz, Jos6 Fernandez; 
 Valdez, Mariano R (agent Banco de Londres y Mexico). Book- 
 sellers Baturoni, Ana Ant. Roy de; Leal, Alvino A; Ortega, An- 
 tonio. Commission merchants Carbajal, Luis M.; Diaz, Jose 
 Fernandez; Gomez, Jose Diaz; Gonzalez, Luis F; Hernandez y 
 Hernandez; Izquierdo, Victor; Leal, Alvino A.; Lopez, Luis; 
 Martinez, Antonio Loreto; Mateos, Manuel; Mingo, Cirilo. Drugs 
 Arenas Francisco de P.; Limon, Daniel; Ruiz, Carlos; Vazquez y 
 Ca., Severe; Villegas, Mariano. Dry goods Aragon, Rafael 
 Benito; Bonilla, Lauro; Carretero, Ray m undo; Izaola, Basilio; Izaola,
 
 424 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 y Hno, Silvestre; Jimenez, Francisco; Lopez, Camilo; Leal, An- 
 tonio; Marquez y Ca., Torcuato; Victorero, Francisco Sanchez. 
 General merchandise Aspray, Noriega; Bauper y Ca.; Bringas, 
 Diego; Calima, Tranquilino; Cordova, Lucas; Costafreda, Pedro; 
 Diaz, Pedro; Fernandez, Jos6 Camacho; Fernandez, Jose Diaz; 
 Galan, Enrique; Garay, Eamon; Hernandez, Rafael; Herrera y Ca.; 
 Jimenez, Francisco; Junque, Isidoro; Lopez, Anselmo; Lopez, 
 Gregorio; Louistalot, Victor; Meneses, Manuel; Moral y Portilla; 
 Natali, Francisco; Quevedo, Francisco Cordova; Rodriguez, An- 
 tonio; Rodriguez, Ramon; Tapia, Moises; Tavares, Ramon; Valdez, 
 Mariano R. Groceries and provisions Andrade, Santiago; 
 Camacho, J. Fernandez; Candaudop, Pedro; Diaz Pedro; Espinosa, 
 J. de J.; Galan, Enrique; Garcia, Ramon; Hernandez, Ricardo; 
 Huerta,Ricardo; Izquierdo, Victor; Lanza, Enrique de la; Leal, Albino 
 A.; Martinez, Antonio Loreto; Natoli, Francisco; Posada, Hermanos- 
 Quevedo, Francisco; Roman, Eulalio; Sains, Juan; Torre, Rufino de 
 la; Valdez, Mariano R.; Vique, Angel Hernandez. Hardware and 
 house furnishing Abascal, Manuel; Calleja yC a.; Cortez, Her- 
 manos; Hernandez Guadalupe; Salamanca, Jose Maria; Tresgallo, 
 Jose; Vargas, Rafael. Hats Lopez y Ca., Camilo; MuHoz, Al- 
 berto; Ruiz, Francisco. 
 
 COSALA (State of Sinaloa) Merchants Aragon, Manuel; Beltran 
 Jos6 M.; Cota, Francisco; Franco, Emeterio; Hernandez, Juan; 
 Padilla, Cesareo; Rodriguez, Facundo; Symansky, Bruno. 
 
 CUERNAVACA (State of Morelos) Agricultural implements, hard- 
 ware, and ironware Diez, Miguel M; Pagaza, Juan; Pino, Luis; 
 Rico, Leandro; Rios, Francisco. Bankers Portillo y Gomez, 
 Ramon. Booksellers and stationers Elias, Bernab6 L. de; Flores, 
 Rosendo; Jimenez, Hesiquio; Pagaza, Juan; Reyes, Francisco de P. 
 Boots and shoes Diaz, Manuel; Diaz, Santiago; Rodriguez, Jose M. . 
 Sanchez, Lorenzo. China and glassware Rico, Leandro; Rios, 
 Francisco. Commission merchants Elias, Francisco de; Pagaza, 
 Juan; Rico, Leandro; Ruiz, Rafael A. Drugs Argandar, Ricardo; 
 Escalante, Jose M.; Florez, Felipe Garcia; Gutierrez, Miguel. Dry 
 goods and clothing Fiz, Manuel; Gonzales, Tomas; Hernandez, 
 Ramon; Martinez, Alejo; Marsan, Hermanos; Naudin, S.; 
 Rico, Leandro; Tallabas, Francisco. Fancy goods Mejia, Ro- 
 mualdo; Rico, Leandro; Sanchez, Romualdo; Tinoco, Carailo.
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 425 
 
 Furniture Manjarrez, Ignacio; Pino, Luis. Groceries and pro- 
 visions Azcarate, Francisco; Azcarate, Viuda de; Elguera, Jose; 
 Flores, Rosendo; Oihuela, Agustin; Pagaza, Juan; Rios, Lino; 
 Rios, Francisco; Robles, Ignacio; Rodriguez, Jose M. Jewelers 
 Ramirez, Delfino; Resales, Manuel. Lithographer Gobierno, 
 Litografia. Merchants, general merchandise Azcarate, Viuda 
 de F.; Barquin, Jose; Bustamente, Luis Rios; MuBoz, Agus- 
 tin; Pagaza, Juan; Sol, Felipe del. Sewing machines Cas- 
 taiieda, Dionisio; Diaz, Miguel M.; Ruiz, Rafael A. Sugar plant- 
 ers Amor, Escandon Ignaeio; Araoz, Joaquin; Arena, Alejan- 
 dro; Barren, Guillermo; Bautista, Alaman Juan; Carmona, Jorge; 
 de Celis Viuda e hijos; de la Torre, Isidore; Escandon Herma- 
 nos; Flores, Jose; Garcia, Icazbalzeta Joaquin; Goribar, Faus- 
 tino; Guerra, Jose T.; Monterde & Adalid, Agustin; Reina, 
 Crescencio; Romero y Vargas, Ignacio; Rovalo, Agustin; Villegas 
 de Pena, Guadalupe. 
 
 CULIACAN (State of Sinaloa) Agricultural implements Almada 
 y Cia. P.; Martinez, Juan; Salmon y Hermano; Tarn ay o, Severiano; 
 Urrea, Angel. Bankers Martinez de Castro Hermanos; Salmon 
 y Hermano; Haas, Agustin. Booksellers and stationers Paredes, 
 Miguel R; Ramos, Jose; Retes y Diaz; Tamayo, Severiano. Boots 
 and shoes Almada y Cia., P.; Quong Sam Lung; Wing Chong y 
 Cia. Carriage dealer Robles, Antonio. Commission merchants 
 HaaSjAgustin; Martinez de Castro Hermanos; Salmon y Hermano; 
 Siualoa & Durango R. R. Co. Drugs Arce y Ponce de Leon; 
 Batez, Eduardo; Villareal, Ignacio. Dry goods Almada, J. 
 Marcelino; Almada y Cia., P.; Amador, Trinidad; Asfcorga, Her- 
 manos; Clouthier, Manuel; Diez, Martinez Hermanos; Escudero y 
 Cia, Manuel; Ituarte, Lucio de; Ezurieta y Cia, Manuel; Martinez, 
 Juan; Murillo, Jose Maria; Salmon, Jose Maria; Salmon y Hermano, 
 L.; Tellaeche, Jorge; Vega, Jose de la; Vega, Lucano de la; Urrea, 
 Angel. Fancy goods Diaz y Moreno; Lung Sam Lung; Martinez, 
 Juan; Ramos, Jose; Tamayo, Severiano; Wing Chong y Cia. 
 Furniture Almada y Cia, P.; Salmon y Hermano, L. ; Tamayo, 
 Severiano. Groceries and provisions Almada y Cia, P.; Amador, 
 Rafael; Amador, Trinidad; Amezcua, Luis; Escudero y Cia, M.; 
 Martinez, Juan; Salmon y Hermano, L.; Tellaeche, Jorge; Vega, 
 Jose de la; Zazueta, Hermanos. Jewelry Garcia, Santos; Merino,
 
 426 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OP MEXICO. 
 
 Wenceslao. Hats Almada y Cia., P.; Salmon y Hermano, L. 
 Sewing machines Almada y Cia., P.; Salmon y Hermano, L. ; 
 Tamayo, Severiano. Printing Retes y Diaz; Victales, Julian. 
 
 DURANGO (State of Durango) Agricultural implements An- 
 drade, Jesus; Boker y Ca., R. ; Borquez, Luis; Herrera, Juan; Hilde- 
 brand, Julio, Sue.; Stahlknecht y Ca. Banks and bankers Banco 
 Nacional de Mexico (agents, Hildttbrand, Sue. Julio); Damm, Maxi- 
 miliano; Hildebrand, Julio, Sue.; Juambelz, Hnos.; Stahlknecht y 
 Ca. Booksellers and stationers Barrera, Rafael; de la Torre, Ig- 
 nacio; Herrera, Juan; Herrera, Luis; Somellera y Cia. Boots and 
 shoes Candia, Tomas Hernandez; Gomez, Arturo; Olagaray, Juan 
 B. ; Perez, Tomas; Romo, Manuel; Torre, Ignacio de la. Carriage 
 dealers Castro, Jacinto; Cohl, Juan; Flores, Epifanio; Moneda, 
 Jose; Robles, Antonino. China and glassware Base, Luis; Some- 
 llera y Cia.; Williams, Francisco. Commission merchants Al- 
 varez, Ramon; Avalos, J. de D.; Damm, Maximiliano; Dohrman y 
 Ca., Julio; Garza Hermanos y Ca. ; Herrera, Juan; Hildebrand, Julio, 
 Sue.; Juambelz, Hermano.s; Loera, Hermanos, Sues.; Rio y Ca., 
 Pedro del; Prendis, Santiago; Reinaldo, Viuda 6 Hijos; Rodriguez, 
 Cristobal; Ugarte, Simon. Drags Avila, Manuel; Cobos, F. ; 
 Ostoloza, Eusebio de; de la Pena, Carlos Leon; Herrera, Justino; 
 Pineda, Rafael; Sepulveda, Julian; Tavizon, Arcadio; Torres, 
 Viuda de. Dry *goods Borrelly y Crez; Damm, Maximiliano; 
 Garza Hnos. y Ca.; Herrera y Ca.; Hildebrand, Julio, Sue.; 
 Jaquez, J.; Juambelz Hnos.; Regenstein, Juan; Tessier y Bouri- 
 llou; Uianga, Antonio. Groceries and provisions Alvarez, Juan. 
 Bastera, Andres; Bose y Schmidt; Bracho, Toribio; Castillo, J. ; 
 Clark, C.; Dohrman y Ca.; Hengeler y Deras; Hildebrand, Julio, 
 Sue.; Juambelz Hnos.; Loera, Hmos., Sues.; Olagaray, Juan B.; 
 Rodriguez, C.; Stahlknecht y Ca. Fancy goods Loera, Hermanos 
 Sues.; Somellera y Cia.: Regenstein, Juan.. Furniture Hildebrand, 
 Julio, Sues.; Moneda, Jose; Regenstein, Juan; Rios, Fernando; Val- 
 dez, Luis; Vasquez, Jos6 M. Hardware Barrea, Rafael; Bose, 
 Luis; Schwartz, Carlos E.; Stierlin y Ca.; Williams. Francisco. 
 Hatters Cervantes, Donaciano; Merino y Cia. ; Si in beck, Ramon; 
 Jewelers Ibargiiengoitia, Desitlerio; Ibargiien, Luciano; Irbaren,Isi- 
 dro; Rodriguez, Martin. Joint stock companies Compafiia limitada 
 de Tranvias de Durango; Compania manufacturer del Tunal; Com-
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 427 
 
 pania mannfacturera de la Montana de fierro. Sewing machines 
 Hildebrand, Julio, Sue.; Somellera y Cia.; Swain, Carlos. 
 
 ENSENADA DE TODOS SANTOS (Territory of Lower California) 
 Bankers Godbee, Antonio; Irnison y Ca. Carriage dealers 
 Bearaer, P. W.;Lidy, S. B. Furniture Clark, J. Groceries and 
 provisions Andonaegai y Ormart; Carrillo y Hnos., M.; Ibs y 
 Ca., Jorge; Merkens y Compania, James; Rivera, G., Sue. Sewing 
 machines Bello, Jose Lugo. 
 
 FRESNILLO (State of Zacatecas) Merchants Aguilar, Alejandro; 
 Berrouet, Juan B.; Campuzano, Antonio; " Compafiia Restauradora 
 de Proafio;" del Real, Ignacio; "El Portal;" "El Ferrocarril;'' 
 "El Fenix;" Esnaurrizar, Ricardo; Flares y Ca., Pedro; Laredo, 
 Teodoro; Ortega e hijo, M.; Ortega, Esteban; Ramirez, Fiorencioj 
 Ramos, Jose; Yargas y Ca., Sue., J.; Zamora, Refugio. 
 
 GUADALAJARA (State of Jalisco) Arms and ammunition Ar- 
 rington, W. B.; Lacroix, Heimanos; Ruiz, Donaciano. Banks 
 " Sucursal del Banco Nacional;" " Banco de Londres y Mexico," Su- 
 cursal, Manager Luis Rosas. Bankers Collignon y Ca., Ed. ; 
 Corcuera e Hijos, Viuda; Fernandez del Valle Hermanos; Fernan- 
 dez, Somellera Hermanos; Kunbardt, Teodoro; Martinez Negrete, 
 Francisco; Remus, Hijas de; Somellera, Hermanos. Booksellers 
 Ancira y Hermano; Moya, Carlos; Pais, Pedro; Romei-o, Carlos Z. ; 
 Sanchez, y Ca., Eusebio; Vila y Escobedo. Boots and shoes 
 Arias, Jose Maria; Arrieta, Espiridion; Castro, Silvestrej 
 Castellanos, Silvestre; Cordova e Hijo, Ramon; Davalos, Benigno; 
 Garcia, Roman; Gomez, J. ; Guardado, Modesto; Gutierrez, Cle- 
 mente C.; Gutierrez y Compania, Mateos B.; Hernandez, Felix; 
 Hermosillo, Arnulfo; Martinez, Fermin; Mercado, Eliodoro Z.; 
 Murillo, Jose Mai-ia; Murillo, Julian; Nava, Alberto; Nunez, 
 Sabas; Orozco, Luis; Ortega, Pablo; Otero, Ricardo; Pedroza, 
 Evaristo; Ramos, J.; Rodriguez, Sucesores; Saldana, Esteban; 
 Villavicencio, Pedro; Zepeda, Antonio. Carriage dealers 
 Alvarez, Leonardo; Cano, Jose Maria;. Chavez, Victor; Lauro de 
 Anda; Garcia, Genaro A.; Gomez, Arcadio; Haro, Sebastian; Perez, 
 Gabriel; Suarez, Lino. Chemicals and acids Agraz, Felix; Esca- 
 milla, Librado. China and glassware Ambergy Velad; Bartholly, 
 Agustin, Sucr. (Guillermo Brandt); Behn, Carlos; Castillo y Zuniga; 
 Garibay, Ramon; Gonzalez, Palomar y Ca. ; Romero, Antonio;
 
 428 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Vallarta, Francisco; Zavala y Ca., Juan. Commission merchants 
 Aguilar y Ortiz; Agraz, Salvador J.; Agraz, Bazan y Ca. ; Arce y 
 Arias; Ascher, Emilio; Barroso, Benito; Basave, Carlos; Benares, 
 C. ; Blume y Ca. ; Camarena, Julian; Gastaneda Palomar, Ramon; 
 Castillo, J. Alvarez; Campo, Loreto Martinez del; Chavez y Guido; 
 Cluana & Ca. ; Cordova e Hijo, Ramon; Cortina, Jose; Fernandez, 
 Somellera Hnos. ; Flores, Pascual L.; Galindez, Daniel; Galvan, 
 Juan; Garcia Sancho, Carlos; Garcia, Paulino; Gonzalez, Oltvares y 
 Hermano; Gravenhorts, Gustavo; Guerrero, Placido; Heymann 
 Sues., Alfonso; Infante, Francisco; Infante, Jose M.; Infante, Luis; 
 Iniquez, Evaristo; Iturbide, Eduardo; Lopez, Rafael; Macouzet, 
 Salvador; Martinez, Pablo; Mead, Dionisio; Mier, Atanasio; Mon- 
 tano Manuel; Mora 6 Hijos, Ramon de la; Moreno y Palomar; 
 Navarro y Ca.,T. I.; Navarrete, Pablo; Negrete, Francisco; Ornelas, 
 Manuel S. ; Oseguera, Epifanio; Oseguera, Gabino; Otero y Aguiar: 
 Pena, Enrique de la; Pena y Hermano, Fernando de la; Quevedo, 
 Luis de Garcia; Ramirez, Ramon; Retana, Jose J.; Romero de 
 Parra y Ca., E. ; Romero, Carlos Z.; Salcedo, Joaquin; Sancho, 
 Carlos; Silva y Michel, Francisco; Solorzano, Ignacio; Stampa, 
 Manuel; Torres, Pablo; Ugarte, Francisco; Yallejo, Hermanos 
 Vallejo, Juan; Vazquez, Francisco; Villalobos, Emilio; Villareal, 
 Ramon; Audriffred Hermanos. Cordage- Alvino, Martin del C.; 
 Camacho, Juan; Cremieur, Merced; Fuentes, J.; Garcia, Tomasa 
 Mohico, Atilano; Padilla, Luciano; Padilla, Soledad; Rubio, J. ; 
 Rubio, Alejandro; Verber, Rosario. Druggists Acosta, Pedro; 
 Ayala, Ramon; Asencio, J.; Bernal, Francisco; Garcia Conde, Alejo; 
 Gonzalez, Tomas; Gutierrez Estevez, Antonio; Jaacks, Juan; Man- 
 cilia, Manuel; Montano, Jacinto; Ocampo, Cortes; Ornelas, 
 Antonio; Ornelas, Lorenzo; Padilla, Valazquez Mariano; Perez, La- 
 zaro; Perez, Carlos; Puga, Nicolas; Romo, Jose Maria; Servin, Camilo; 
 Torres, Vidal; Ulloa, Aurelio; Villa Gordoa y Guzman; Zuloaga, 
 Carlos. Dry goods imported and domestic Alvarez Tostado, 
 Eusebio; Arias Trinidad, Merced; Audiffred y Garcia; Brihuega y 
 Ca., Manuel; (Jaire y Tiran; Fortoul y Chapuy; Fortoul, Bellon y 
 Agorreca, T. ; Franco, Celso; Gas y Cogordan; Gomez, Prisciliano; 
 Gomez y Hno., Matias; Garibi, Jose; Gonzalez, Andres; Gonzalez, 
 Amado; Gonzalez, Romero Vicente; Kunhardt y Rose; Lebre, 
 Barreire y Ca. ; Navarro, Nestor; Romero, Eduardo; Tangassi,
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 429 
 
 Guillermo; Toro, Angel; Zuloaga, J. Dry goods, silks, laces, and 
 mittinery (imported) Audiffred y Gracin; Caire y Tiran; Fortoul, 
 Ohapuy; Fortoul, Bellon y Agorreca, T.; Franck y Ca., M., sucur- 
 cal de Mexico; Gas y Gogordan; Kunhardt y Rose; Lebre, Barriere 
 y Ca. Flour dealers Basave y Ca., Carlos; Canedo y Valdivieso; 
 Cortina, Jose; Galindez, Daniel; Garcia, Apolonio; Garcia, Paulino; 
 Garcia Sancho, Carlos; Gomez, Matias; Gonzalez, Jose; Llano, F. 
 Simon del; Martinez, Pablo; Mora e Hijos, Ramon de la; Navarro y 
 Compa, T. I.; Pena y Hno., Fernando de la; Torres Morfin; Jose 
 Maria; Valdovinos, Maximiano; Vazquez, Francisco, furniture, 
 imported and domestic Amberg y Velad ; Arlington, W. B. ; Behn, 
 Carlos; Gonzalez y Echeverria; Hernandez, Arcadio; Jimenez, Trini- 
 dad; Navarro y Ca., T. I.; Orozco Gonzalez, Antonio; Ruiz, Dona- 
 ciano; Vallarta, Francisco. Glass and glassware Alvarez y Gutier- 
 rez; Bartholly, Sucesor, Agustin; Behn, Carlos; Castillo y Zuniga; 
 Escamilla Librado; Romero, Antonio; Romero, Felipe. Groceries 
 and provisions (imported) Alvarez y Gutierrez; Alvarez, Santiago; 
 Badial, Florentino; Badial, Juan; Barren, Lucas; Bosque, Manuel; 
 Cardenas e hijo, Jose; Castillo, y Zufiiga; Cedeno, Apolonio ; Co- 
 rona, Jose Maria, y Hermano; Cortes, Avelino; Covarrubias, An- 
 tonio; Chavez, J. T.; Davila y Matute; De Anda, Anastasio; Diaz, 
 Ambrosio; Dominguez, Ignacio; Fernandez, Jose G.; Flores, Esquez 
 y Compania; Garcia, Margarito; Garibay, Ramon; Garibay, Fran- 
 cisco; Gomez, Jos6 Maria; Gonzalez Arias, Miguel; Haro, Barbaro; 
 Hernandez, H.; Hernandez, Prisciliano; Izquierdo, Albino; Marti- 
 nez, Pedro; Martinez Cuberio, Salvador; Mora, Hilario de la; 
 Munoz, Ignacio; Navarro, Ignacio; Navarro, Eulogio; Navarro, 
 Rafael T. ; Nunez, Valeriano; Nunez, Ignacio; Nufio, Manuel; Oce- 
 guera, Abraham; Oceguera, Rosendo y Hno.; Ornelas, Mariano; 
 Pais, Pedro; Perez, Dominga G. de; Rico, Adolfo; Rios, Rafael; 
 Rodriguez, Encarnacion; Rodriguez, Mauro; Rodriguez, Baltazar; 
 Romero, Antonio; Romero, Felipe; Romero, Francisco; Romero, 
 Jose Maria E. ; Ruiz, Ponciano; Ruiz, Rosalio D.; Ruiz, Natalio; 
 Saucedo, Abundio; Servin, Camilo; Silva y Ca:, Hilario; Velasco, 
 Luis G.; Salazar, Manuel: Zavala y Ca., Juan. Groceries and pro- 
 visions, imported and domestic Alvarez y Gutierrez; Castillo y Zu- 
 niga; Garibay, Ramon; Gomez, Jose Maria; Romero, Antonio; Za- 
 vala y Compania, Juan. Hardware and machinery Amberg y
 
 430 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Velad; Bartholly. Agustin, Sue.; Behn, Carlos. Hardware, general 
 Amberg y Velad; Arce, J. ; Bartholly, Sucesor, Agustin; Behn, 
 Carlos; Gonzalez, Palomar y Compania, Benito; Vallarta, Francisco; 
 Zuloaga, Juan M. Hardware (iron and copper) Alvarez del 
 Castillo, Sucesores; Behn, Carlos; Camarena, Julian; Corcuera, 
 Viuda e Hijos; Gonzalez, Olivares y Hno.; Martinez, Pablo. Hat- 
 ters Alvarez, Maximino; Anaya, Francisco J. ; Chavez, Florencio; 
 Gutierrez, Celerino; Hernandez, Praxedes; Ibarra, Vicente; Navarre, 
 Francisco; Norwald, Luis; Perez, Petra; Placencia, Lino; Placencia, 
 Anastasio; Quirarte, Leonides; Ramirez, Pedro; Reyes, Herlindo; 
 Rufino, Juan; Ruiz, Andres; Torres, Longinos; Zolly, Hermanos. 
 Importers (direct) Collignon y Ca., Ed.; Navarro y Compania, T. 
 J. ; Somellera, Hermanos Fernandez. Jewelers Aguilar, Sabino; 
 Diaz, Carlos; Salmeron, Daniel; Torres, Heliodoro; Ulloa, Eustacio. 
 Jewelers and watchmakers Arrington, W. B.; Castaneda, Jos6 A.; 
 Castro, Antonio; Martinez, Ramon; Ruiz,, Donaciano; Torres, Juan 
 B. ; Torres, Jacinto; Vallarta, Francisco; Winterhalder, Antonio. 
 Lime and brick Avila, Trinidad; Camarena, Fermin; Casillas, Al- 
 bino; Hernandez, Trinidad; Luna, Sebastian; Piedra, Trinidad; 
 Placencia, Ireneo. Lithographers Ancira y Hermano; Dieguez> 
 Trinidad; Iguinez, Jose Maria; Izaguirre, Jose A.; Rodriguez, 
 Alberto. Lumber dealers Camarena, Fermin; Casilla, Jose; Cortes, 
 Ramon; Gonzalez, Ambrosia; Iguinez, Evaristo; Orozco, Gonzalez 
 Antonio; Ramirez, Jose; Romero, Bonifacio; Solis, Viuda de; Var- 
 gas, Francisco; Villegas, Nicolas; Villaseiior, Enrique. Machinery 
 and agricultural implements Behn, Carlos; Castaneda, Palomar; 
 Collignon y Ca.; Kipp, Juan H.; Stettner, Mauricio. Mineral 
 waters Ascencio, J. ; Branca, Albino; Ocampo, Manuel y Hermano; 
 Ornelas, Antonio J ; Perez, Lazaro; Perez, Carlos. Musical instru- 
 ments Arce, J.; Castro, Silvestre; Collignon y Ca. Eduardo; Corvera, 
 Miguel; Duran, Jose Maria; Gomez, Luis; Gonzalez, Palomar y 
 Compania, Benito; Heymann, Sucesor, Alfonso; Navarro y Ca., T. 
 I.; Navarrete, Pablo; Rojas Vertiz, Jose Maria; Ruiz, Donaciano; 
 Sanchez y Compania, Eusebio; Sausa, Martin; Torres, Juan B.; 
 Valenzuela, Alejandro; Vila y Escobedo. Notions Aguilar, Ze- 
 nona; Andrade, Margarita; Carrillo, Ignacia; Corona de Arevalo, 
 Feliciana; Estrada, Petra; Estrada, Maria; Fl ores, J.; Flores, 
 Felipa; Jimenez, Ref agio; Landa, Francisco; Larios, Crescencia;
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OP MEXICO. 431 
 
 Macias, Ricarda; Parra, Eusebia; Parra, Juana; Ramirez, Refngio; 
 Valle, Antonio; Villalobos Ruiz, Amado. Paints and oils Agraz, 
 Felix; Betancourt, Roque; Elizalde, Familia de; Escamilla, Librado; 
 Hidalgo, Rafael; Lupercio, Jose Maria; Navarro, Ignacio. Paper 
 Blank books Ancira, Hermanos; Cabrera, Jose; Guevara, Ri- 
 cardo; Iguinez, Jose Maria; Martinez Suarez, Margarito; Perez Lete, 
 Sucesores; Robles, Jose Maria; Sanchez. Eusebio. Cardboard 
 Vazquez, Pedro; Villavicencio, Santos Printing paper Ancira y 
 Hno., Modesto; Castillo y Zuniga; Collignon y Ca., Eduardo; Cor- 
 cuera e Hijos, Viuda; Castaneda, Palouiar; Zavala y Ca., Juan. 
 Wall paper Gonzalez, Palomar y Ca., Benito; Sanchez y Ca.; 
 Eusebio. Perfumery Ascencio. J. ; Corona de Arevalo, Feliciano; 
 Fortoul, Bellon y Agorreca, T. ; Gonzalez, Palomar y Ca., Benito; 
 Jaacks, Juan; La Croix Hermanos; Perez, Lazaro e Hijo. Petro- 
 leum depots Alvarez y Gutierrez; Castillo y Zuniga; Guerrero, 
 Cirilo; Oltzen, J.; Sanchez, Rafael; Valencio, Francisco. Porcelain 
 Gonzalez, Francisco; Saavedra, Gregorio (general). Pottery 
 Cobian, Juana; Corona, Maria; Lopez, J. ; Lopez, Petra; Lozano, 
 Refugio;Lo\verre, Manuel; Navarro de Rasura, Anatasia; Quirarde> 
 Merced; Quirarde, Trinidad; Rodriguez, Esteban; Ruiz Velaseo, 
 Salvador; Ruiz, Dolores; Sanchez, Inocencio; Verrea, Luisa. 
 Printers' supplies Guevara, L. Giro; Kipp, Juan H. ; Ocampo y 
 Cortes y Hnos., Manuel; Puga, Nicolas. Salt pork importers Diaz, 
 Guadalupe; Espinosa, Perfecto; Nunez, Valeriano; Oceguera, Abra- 
 ham; Perez, J. Merced; Reynoso, Martin; Reynoso, Pablo; Sanchez, 
 Ignacia; Silva, German; Valadez, Ignacio. Sewing machines 
 Amberg y Velad (White); Arrington, W. B. (Naumann); Behn 
 Carlos (New Home); Espinosa, Jose Maria (Wheeler & Wilson); 
 Hermosillo, Arnulfo (Singer). Silk goods Corona, Antonia; Co- 
 rona de Arevalo, Feliciana; Fortoul, Bellon y Agorreca, T. ; Gaudi- 
 not y Banoni; Muro, Rafaela del; Paez, Luz M. de; Rendon, Guada- 
 lupe. Sporting goods Agraz, Felix; Castillo y Zuniga; Chavez, 
 Plutarco; Escamilla, Librado; Lacroix Hnos,; Luna, Secundino; 
 Navarro, Ignacio; Rodriguez, Feliciano B. ; Ruiz, Donaciano. 
 Stationery Ancira y Hermano; Gonzalez, Palomar y Compania, 
 Benito; Iguinez, Jose Maria; Moya, Carlos; Paez, Pedro; Ro.mero, 
 Carlos Z.; Sanchez y Ca., Eusebio; Vila y Escobedo. Sugar mer- 
 chants Blume y Compania; Castaneda, Palomar; Corcuera, Viuda
 
 432 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 e Hijos; Gonzalez, Olivarez y Hno. ; Mora e Hijos, Ramon de la; 
 Pefta y Hno., Fernando de la; Remus, Hijas de; Qgarte, Francisco. 
 Tinware and brassware Alatorre (viuda de); Alvarado, Encarna- 
 cion; Arzate, Francisco; Barcena, J.; Camacho e Hijo, Celso; Ca- 
 rnacho, Canute; Oamacho, Florencio; Gallegos, Lucio; Gallegos, 
 Severiano; Gonzalez, Modesto; Gutierrez, Hermanos; Mendoza, 
 Mdximo; Olea, Lauro; Perez, Anacleto; Perez, Quirino; Suarez, 
 Placido. Toys Arce, J. ; Armeria, Refugio; Ahumada, Petra 
 Bartholly, Sucr, Agustin; Bautista, Agapita; Bhn, Carlos; Car- 
 randa, Pomposa; Corona de Arevalo, Feliciano; Enciso, Soledad; 
 Espinosa, Dolores; Fortoul, Bell on y Agoreca, T.; Franck y Ca., 
 M.; Gonzalez, Palomar y Compania, Benito; Luna, Secundino; 
 Manriquez, Maria L.; Mondragon, Longinos ; Paez, Luz; Ramirez, 
 J. R. ; Ramirez, Francisco; Reveles, Josefa; Salazar, Cleofas; Val- 
 divia, Lucas; Vallarta, Francisco; Villaseftor, Espiridion ; Zuloaga, 
 Juan. Varnish and axle grease Agraz, Felix; Escamilla, Librado. 
 Wines, imported Castillo y Zuniga; Collignon y Compania, 
 Eduardo; Fortoul, Belon y Agorreca; Garibay, Ramon; Galindez, 
 Daniel; Huber, Victor; Lions, Remigio; Martinez, Negrete, Fran- 
 cisco; Pais, Pedro; Quevedo, Luis G. ; Rolleri y Compania, Jose; 
 Romero, Antonio; Romero, Carlos Z; Sanchez y Compania, .Euse- 
 bio; Tiran, Julio; Vila y Escobedo; Zavala y Compania, Juan. 
 Wood and coal Casilla, Albino; Garcia, Isabel; G6mez, Sostenes; 
 Herandez Cortes, Teresa; Hnerta, Zenon; Lara, Francisco; Lue- 
 valo, Magdalena; Lares, Trinidad; Padilla, J.; Perez, Feliz; Prieto, 
 Geronimo; Pulido, Gregorio; Reynoso, Juan; Rios, Juan; Reyes 
 Oalixto, D. ; Tavares, Jos6 Maria. Wool merchants Agraz, Felix; 
 Escarnilla, Libi-ado; Gonzalez, Olivarez y Hno.; Morfin, Marcelino 
 GUANAJUATO (State of Guanajuato) Agricultural implements 
 Castaneda, Francisco de P; Ederra, Francisco X.; Palassou, En- 
 rique; Stallforth, Alcazar y Ca. Arms and ammunition Manri- 
 quez, Francisco; Moya, Mauro; Nuiies, Narciso; Palassou, Enrique; 
 Villegas, Castillo. Bankers Alcazar, Ramon; Arce, Genaro; Cas- 
 taneda, Francisco de P; Ederra, Francisco; Jimenez, Gregorio; 
 Markassousa, Carlos; Stallforth, Alcazar y Ca. Banks Sucursal 
 del " Banco Agricola; " Sucursal del " Banco de Londres y Mexi- 
 co; " Sucursal del Banco Nacional Mexicano. Booksellers and 
 stationers Alvarez, Alejandro; Bouret, Carlos; Castan y Camps,
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 433 
 
 Celestino; Fuente, Pedro cle la; Gallardo, Abraham; Obregon, 
 Claudio; Pallassou, Enrique; Vaol, Einilio Lopez: Verdayes y Oa., 
 F. Boots and shoes Alvarado, J.; Arias, Margarito; Bernard, En- 
 rique; Duarte, Demetrio; Heredia, Francisco; Machuca, J. M.; 
 Madrid, Felipe; Pedroza, Ceferino; Rodriguez, Francisco; Rodri- 
 guez. Catarino; Soria, Concepcion ; Soria, Jose E.; Soria, N". ; Villa- 
 nueva, Francisco. Carriages Valtierra, Nabor. China, and glass- 
 ware Abascal, Diego; Acosta, Santos;- Caloca y Ca.; Cuadra, 
 Luis; Fuentes, J.; Gomez, Felipe; Obregon Heimanos; Obregon, 
 'Claudio; Ortega, Monico; Palassou, Enrique; Pedrosa, Francisco 
 de P. Commission merchants Baca Hno., J. B.; Oastorena, 
 Gaudel; Dominguez, Magdaleno; Fuentes y Romero; Gutierrez, 
 Antonio; Guzman, Feliciano; Hernandez Hnos.; Langenscheidt, En- 
 rique; Manrique, Floi-entino; Martinez, Antonio; Meyerberg, En- 
 rique; Nunez, Narciso; Osante Hnos; Beinoso. Manuel ; Rodriguez 
 y Ca., C. ; Stallforth, Alcazar y Ca. Copper goods -Alvarez, Ra- 
 mon; Bonifacio, Antonio. Drugs Aragon, Felipe; Arreguin, B.; 
 Casillas, Tomas; Fonseca, Tomas; Gazca, J.; Gasca y Ca. ; Leal y 
 Ca. ; Lopez, Francisco; Maicote, Sirio; Marquez y Ca.; Obregon y 
 Marquez; Rueda, Jose; Salcedo, Vicente; Soto, Emilio; Sotura, 
 -Carlos: Vazquez, Sue.; Vazquez, Ignacio; Villafuerte, Elias; Villa- 
 nueva y Ca. Dry goods Baca Hno., J. B; Barquin y Espinosa; 
 Beraud Hnos.; Bolivar, y Puebla; Brun y Jame; Caguen, Maximo; 
 Caire y Audrifttid; Erquicia, Sue., P.; Garcia y Hno, Enrique; 
 Goerne, Luis, Gonzalez y Villasenor; Haran, Cayetano, Sue. ; Her- 
 nandez Hnos.; Langenscheidt, Enrique; Lozano y Espino&'a; Osacar, 
 Hnos.; Osante, Hermanos; Romaiia, Mariano; Rongecillo, Antonio. 
 Fancy goods Alferez, Florencio; David, Emilio; Esperon y Ca., 
 Victor; Fuentes y Pina, Wenceslao; Gallardo, Abraham; Obregon, 
 Claudie; Ortega, Monica; Palassou, Enrique. Furniture Aguirre, 
 J. ; Bonifacio, Antonio; Jouannaud, Leonardo: Obregon, Claudio; 
 Porras, Anastasio; Segura, Adrian; Segura, Alejandro. Groceries 
 and provisions Abascal, Diego; Acosta, Santos; Arteaga, Floren- 
 cio; Bolanos, Mateo; Caloca, Tomas; Castro, Margaiito; Cervantes 
 y Ca.; Cuellar, Antonio; Erquicia, Sue., P.; Estrayer y Ca., AJ 
 llarcia, Felix; Goerne Hnos., Guillermo; Mafion, Ruperto; Obregon, 
 Claudio; Robles, Roman; Sabino, Iza; Rojas y Hno., Eusebio; To- 
 rres, Pedro; Trueba, Mateo; Valadez, Manuel; Zarate, Francisco.
 
 434 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Hardware Abascal, Diego; Alcazar y Ca.; Bonifacio, Antonior 
 Denne, Alfonso; Gallardo, Abraham; Goerne, Luis; Longenscheidt, 
 Enrique;- Osante Hermanos; Palassou, Enrique; Rodriguez y Ca. 
 ^ar- s -Barriga y Ca., Francisco; Bordier, Isidore; Solorzano y 
 Ca., Antonio. House furnishing goods and tinware Alvarez, 
 Bruno; Damen, Alfonso; Delgado, Tiburcio; Duran, Pablo; Flore.s, 
 Hilario; Flores, Narciso; Frias, Modesto; Moron, Antonio; Reina, 
 Ricardo; Vazquez, Ignacio. Importers and exporters Abasca), 
 Diego; Acevedo, Alejo; Ajuria, M.; Alcazar y Ca.; Alferez, Floren- 
 cio; Berniga, F.; Brune & James; Buand Hermanos <fe Ca., Enrique; 
 Caire, Auditlred & Co.; Caloca & Co.; Castro, Margarito; Cuellar, 
 Antonio; Delgado, Amado; Errecalde, Guillermo; Fernandez, Ig- 
 nacio; Flebe, Joaquin; Gallardo, Abraham; Garcia de Leon, Do- 
 mingo; Geiilant, Federico; Goerne, Luis; Gonzalez y VillaseHor; 
 Gutierrez, Lino; Hernandez y Hijo; Hernandez, Alejandro; Hen-era, 
 J.; Infante, Anastasio; Issa, Sabino; Lara, Gregorio; Marmol, Pas- 
 cual; Obregon, Claudio; Ossante, Hermanos; Palassou Hermanos; 
 Perez, Antonio; Reynoso, Luis; Robles, Roman; Rojas, Eu.sebio; 
 Soloranzo, Antonio; Trueba, Mateo; Velazquez, Jose. Ironware, 
 dealers Denne, Alfonso; Gallardo, Abraham; Palassou, Enrique; 
 Stallforth, Alcazar y Ca. Jewelers Galacion, Gabellon; Gerilant, 
 Federico; Hernandez, Alejandro; Hernandez e Hijo; Laux, Luis; 
 Perez, Antonio; Villalpando, Antonio; Wieland, Federico. Litho- 
 graphers Garcia, Emilio; Loreto, Faustino. Lumber 'merchants 
 Anda, J. M.; Alvarado, Rafael; Herrefa, Sue., Benito; Lopez, 
 Tdnidad. Paints and varnishes Arteaga, Florencio; David, 
 Emilio; Hijar, Geronimo; Palassou, Fernando; Santoyo, Antonio; 
 Valdez, Manuel; Zarate, Francisco. Perfumery Obregon y Her- 
 maiio. Pianos and organs Langenscheidt, Enrique; Meyer burg, 
 Enrique; Villa pando, Antonio. Sewing machines Castro, Mar- 
 garito; Herrera, J.; Palassou, Enrique; Portillo, Cleofas; Williams, 
 Eduardo; Wineburgh, David. Ship chandler's goods Castro, 
 Manuel ; Cepeda, Santos; Morales, Refugio; Rodriguez, Lorenzo. 
 
 GUAYMAS (State of Sonoia) Agricultural implements Aguilar, 
 F. A. Sue.; Baston, Domiciano; Cosca Garcia y Ca.; Lund y Ca., 
 William; Seldner y von Borstel. Bankers Aguayo Hiios. ; Wells, 
 Fargo y Ca; Aguilar, F. A., Sues. Banks Banco de Londres y 
 Mexico; Sucursal del Banco Nacional. Booksellers and stationers
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 435 
 
 Baston, D.; Markert, F. A. Boots and shoes Quichoy, Chan- 
 .Ramirez, J.; Seldner y von Borstel; Tung Chung Lung; Zenizo, 
 Cristobal. Carriage dealers Angulo, Vicente, Campillo, Eligio; 
 Hase, Carlos; Palma, J. P.; Pahna, Manuel; Preciado, Francisco. 
 China and glassware Baston, D.; Seldner y von Borstel. Com- 
 mission merchants Chisam, P. B.; Iberry, W.; Kiesselbach, C. ; 
 Quintan a, Martin; Martinez, Luis A.; Camou, Juan Pedro; Williard, 
 A. Drugs Ddvila, Lois G. ; Gayou, Eugenio; Wallace, Alejan- 
 dro. Dry goods Basazabal, Juan; Cosca, Garcia y Ca.; Moller y 
 Ca., G.; Moller, J. R.; Wolf, H.; Zenizo, Juan. Groceries and pre- 
 visions Baston, Domiciano; Camou, Juan Pedro; Cosca Garcia y 
 Ca. ; Escobosa y Ca., Rafael; Iberry, Wenceslao; Ibeiry y Huerta; 
 Jauregui, Luis; Lnnd y Ca., William; Seldner y von BorsteJ; 
 Zenizo, Juan; Zuiiiga, Adolt'o de. Hardware Baston, D.;" Seldner 
 y von Borstel. Iron and ironware Aguilar, F. A., Sue.; Baston r 
 D.; Cosca, Garcia y Ca. ; Seldner y von Borstel. Jewelers Briick- 
 elneyer, C.; Duenas, Ramon V.; Seiner, J. Lithographers Ga- 
 xiola y Ca., Eduardo; Viuda de Taboada. Sewing machines Ca- 
 nal, Antonio; Colin, Max W.; Cosca, Garcia y Ca.; Seldner y von 
 Borstel. 
 
 HERMOSILLO (State of Sonora) Agricultural implements 
 Calderon, Antonio; Camou Hermanos; Castro, Juan D.; Torriella, 
 Felix. flankers Calderon, A.; Castro, Juan de Dios; Ruiz, 
 Rafael; Seldner y von Borstel. Booksellers and stationers 
 Ainslie, Alejandro; Calderon, Antonio; Castro, Miguel F. ; Possehl 
 y Ca., Luis. Soots and shoes Assun y Ca., Wong; Chanchan,. 
 Santiago; Long, Cong Jose; Zenizo, Cristobal; Yepiz, Jose I. Car- 
 riage dealers Grijalva, Manuel; Moreno, Juan; Ruiz, Librado. 
 China and glassware Castro, Juan de Dios; Horvilleur, Leon; 
 Ruiz, R.; Seldner y von Borstel. Commission merchants Calde- 
 ron, Antonio; Camou Hermanos; Dauelsberg, German; Rodriguez,. 
 A. A. Drugs Avila, J. M.; Davila y Ca., L. G. Dry goods 
 Calderon, Antonio; Camou Hermanos; Castro, Juan de Dios; Es- 
 calante, Diego; Horvilleur, Leon; Rodriguez, Francisco E. ; Rodri- 
 guez, Rodolfo; Ruiz, Rafael; Possehl y Ca., Luis, fancy goods 
 Calderon, Antonio; Horvilleur y Ca., Leon; Possehl y Ca., Luis; 
 Ruiz, Rafael; Seldner y von Borstel. Furniture Teran, Arturo; 
 Seldner y von Borstel. General agents Castaneda, Eduardo;
 
 436 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Encinas, Jos6 M.; Enciso, Leonardo; Escalante, Manuel; Rodri- 
 guez, Luis; Velasco, Florencio. Groceries and provisions Arvizu 
 y Ca., J. J.; Oalderon, Antonio; Camon Hermanos; Castro, J. D. ; 
 Echevarria, Carmelo; Gonzalez, Dionisio; Horvilleur, Leon; Ruiz, 
 Rafael; Seldner y von Borstel. Hardware Ruiz, Rafael; Seldner 
 y von Borstel. Hatters Felix, Alberto; Fort, Rafael; Horvilleur 
 y Ca., Leon. Ironware dealers and manufacturers Calderon, An- 
 tonio; Castro, J. D.; Ruiz, R. ; Seldner y von Borstel. Jeweler 
 Kraft, Samuel H. Lithographer Ramirez, Aniceto. Music store 
 Possehl y Ca., Luis. Sewing machines Maldonado, J. M. 
 
 JRAPUATO (State of Guanajuato) Agricultural implements 
 Aguilera, Jos6 Refugio; Vargas y Hermanos, Juan. Booksellers 
 Aguirre., Franco; Hernandez, Nicolas. Boots and shoes Barbosa, 
 Genaro; Cervantes, Pablo; Juarez, Agustin. Carriages Aguilera, 
 Jose Refugio. China and glassware Flores y Ca., Antonio. 
 Commission merchants Aguilera, Vicente; Bocanegra, Manuel; 
 Lopez, Librado; Peredo, J. M. Drugs Aguirre, Francisco; 
 Canal, Ignacio; Cruz, Luis; Gal van, S. ; Gonzalez, Aguirre; Moral, 
 Manuel M. del.; Orozco, Miguel; Reyiioso, Enrique; Rico, Ampe- 
 lio F.; Rivera, Apolinar. Dry goods Armand, Napoleon; Diaz, 
 Vicente; Flores, Antonio; Hernandez, Nicolas; Vargas, Nicolas- 
 Vallas, Angel; Vega, Gabriel; Velasco y Ca., Jose. Fancy goods 
 Martinez, Susano; Vega, Gabriel. Groceries and provisions Var- 
 gas, Nicolas; Velasco y Ca., Jose. Hardware Acosta, Genaro ; 
 Cerda y Ca., Roman. Hardware, and house furnishings Acosta, 
 Genaro; Alvarado, Guadalupe; Rangel, Antonio; Vega, Gabriel. 
 Hats Zepeda, J. Iron and ironware Acosta, Genaro; Vargas, 
 Nicolas; Villasenor, Trinidad. Paints and varnishes Acosta, 
 Genaro; Aguilera y Ca., Guadalupe; Cerda y Ca., Roman. Pianos 
 and musical instruments Cosio, A.; Gonzalez, Simon. 
 
 JALAPA (State of Veracruz) Bankers Cerdan, Agustin; Pas- 
 quel, F. de P. Booksellers and stationers Escribano, Manuel; 
 Luelmo, Pedro M.; Rocha, Manuel M. China and glassware 
 Escribano, Manuel. Commission merchants Casas, Vicente R. ; Ho- 
 yos, Hermanos; Pastrana, G. Drugs Cambas, JoseR.; Casas, Ro- 
 dolfo; Crespo, Antonio; Gutierrez, Manuel Lozada; Martinez, Senori- 
 tas; Pastrana, Virginia; Pozo,Juan; Quiroz, Manuel; Redondo, Juan 
 Perez; Trigos, Ildefonso. Dry goods Bouchez, Carlos; Cordero,
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 437 
 
 Angel; Cordero, Luis; Garcia, Antonio; Juarez y Nietoj Manuel, 
 Bmilio (viuda de); Oncins y Ca.; Rivera, Antonio Perez; Rodri- 
 guez, J. A.; Sayago, Mariana; Sanchez, Santos; Teruel, Carlos 
 Garcia. Fancy goods Bouchez, Carlos; Cordero, Luis; Escribano, 
 Manuel; Loaiza, Tomas; Luelmo, Pedro M.; Rodriguez, Jose A. 
 Furniture Luelmo, Pedro M. Groceries and provisions Acosta, 
 Carlos; Aparicio e Hijos, Luis; Barrientos, Emilio: Dominguez, 
 Basilio; Escribano, Manuel; Guevara, Francisco Javier; Hernan- 
 dez, Manuel; Herrera, Joaquin Gomez; Jimenez, Vicente; Ramirez, 
 Juan; Rodriguez, Faustino; Romero, Mariano; Sanchez, Manuel 
 Leon; Teran, Roman; Valle, Micaela del; Vela, Jose M. ; Zarate, 
 Francisco; Zarate, Tomas. General stores Aragon y Martinez; 
 Cordero, Angel; Escribano y Ca. ; Escobar Hermanos; Franchechi, 
 Viuda de J. ; Guevara, Francisco; Juarezy Nieto; Pastorisa, J.; Ro- 
 mero, Mariano; Sulueta, Ramon; Teran, Jose Maria; Zubieta, 
 Ramon. Hardware Bouchez, Carlos; Cordero, Luis; Luelmo, 
 Pedro; Loaiza, Tomas. Hatter Malpica, Luis. Jeweler 
 Sanger, Emilio. Sewing machines Bouchez, Carlos; Garcia, An- 
 tonio; Martinez, Antonio; Oncins y Ca. ; Romero, Albino. 
 
 LA BARCA (State of Jalisco) flankers Acuna, Inocencio. Boots 
 and shoes Aeuna, Inocencio; Mora, Miguel; Nunez, Pornposo- 
 Carriages Santiago, Gregorio. Commission merchants Aceves, 
 Pedro; Villasenor, J. Drugs Mendoza, Luis G. ; Rio, Maria 
 Refugio del. Dry goods Acuna, Inocencio; Castellanos, Fruc- 
 tuoso; Hernandez, Francisco; Jimenez, Mariano; Lara, Ruperto; 
 Mora, Miguel; Otero, Alberto Gil; Tamayo, Marino. Sewing ma- 
 chines Mora, Miguel. 
 
 LAGOS (State of Jalisco) Booksellers Gonzalez, Refugio; Larios, 
 Geronimo; Larios, Margarito. Boots and shoes Gal van, F. ; Gon- 
 zalez, J. B. ; Jordan, I. China and glassware Cabrera y Ca., R.; 
 Rodriguez, D. Commission' merchants Bocanegra Succ., A.; 
 Kegel, Augusto; Rodriguez, Felix. Drugs Aguirre, David Gon- 
 zalez; Bocanegra, J. ; Lanu/a, F. ; Leon, F. G. Dry goods Lo- 
 zano, A.; Valle y Ca., F. del; Vega, Pedro. Fancy goods La- 
 rios, G.; Larios, M.; Lopez, Pedro, Sue.; Rodriguez, D. Groceries 
 and provisions Cabrera y Ca., R.; Hernandez Hnos.; Larios y 
 Ca., H. ; Manriquez, F.; Zuniga e Hijo, J. M. Hardware, iron, 
 and ironware Cabrera y Ca., R. ; Gonzalez, Refugio; Rodriguez,
 
 438 MERCANTILE DJKECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 D. J fatter Gonzalez, R. Lithographer Reyna, B. Paints, 
 oils and varnishes Rodriguez, D. 
 
 LA PAZ (Territory of Lower California) Boots and shoes As- 
 cencio, Cruz; Chacon, Carmen; Quinteros, Francisco. Commission 
 merchants Silver, William; Viosca, James. Drugs Hidalgo, M.; 
 Santana, Jose. Importers Arriola, Agustin; Cabezud y Ca.; Cota 
 y Pelaez; Gonzalez y Kuffo; Hidalgo y Ca. ; Rivera, G., Sue. 
 
 LEON (State of Guanajuato) Agricultural implements Alvarado, 
 Luz; Davalos y Ca. ; Fisch y Ca.; Gonzalez, M.; Heyser, Jorge; 
 Nunez, Nestor. Arms and ammunition Beruinan, Eufemio; Olmo, 
 R. del, Sue.; Rerabez y Bezaury. Bankers Morales, Benigno; 
 Pohls y Guedea, Sue.; R3rubez y Bezaury; Sarvin, Ramon. Banks 
 Sucursal del Banco de Londres y Mexico; Sucursal del Banco Na- 
 cional. Booksellers and stationers Campos, Juan N.; Izquierdo, 
 J.; Olmo, R. del, Sue.; Portillo y Guemes; Villalobos, Rafael. 
 -Boots and shoes Barbara, Valente; Jaqueres, Agustin; Maldonado, 
 Juan; Ruiz, Teodoro; Segura, Lauro. China and glassware 
 Bittrolff y Niemeyer; C-tmpos, Juan M.; Munguia, Serapio; Mar- 
 tinez y Hermano, Fernando; Olmo, Ramon del, Sue.; Perez, Jose; 
 Perez, J. A.; Rico, Juan P.; Salas, Fernando Puente. Clothing 
 Barbier, Santiago; Bessonart y Apesteguy; Bu.stamante, Angel; 
 Echeagaray y Ca. ; Garcia. A. de Leon; Gonzalez y Ca.; Mena, Sa- 
 bino; Mimatones, Jose; Obregon, Carlos; Thomme, Lorenzo. 
 Cloihing, hats, etc. Aldana, Pablo; Avila, Sebastian; Carpio, Car- 
 los; Chavez, Jose; Dc-lgado, Amado; Flebe, Joaquin; Gonzalez, 
 Baltasar; Hagelstein, Luis; Hernandez, C.; Lopez y Hermano; 
 Lopez, Ildefonso; Malacara, Manuel; Munguia, Serapio; Manrique, 
 Santiago; Munoz, E. ; Ramirez, Victoriano; Salas, Fernando,Puente; 
 Salgado, Pascual; Segura, J. ; Trueba, Norberto. Commission mer- 
 chants Alatorre y Araujo; Alfai-o, J. de la Luz; Alvarado, Luz; 
 Fisch y Bischoff; Fuentes y Pifia; trarza, Francisco C. ; Gonzalez, 
 Juan M. ; Hernandez y Alvarez; Lopez, Juan S. ; Luna, Miguel; 
 Martinez y Hermano, F. ; Mena, Cleto: Munguia, S.; Pohls y Gue- 
 dea, Sue.; Segura, Miguel F.; Torres, Wenceslao; Ximenez, Salva- 
 dor. Dealers in native produce Echeagaray y Ca., Sue.; Fuentes 
 y Piiia; Madrazo, Manuel; Manrique, Santiago; Rembez y Bezaury; 
 Yalazquez, J. Drugs Acosta, Pedro; Castro, Juan N.; Espana, 
 Antonio; Espana, Miguel; Gonzalez, Francisco Aguirre: Gonzalez,
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 439 
 
 Luis; Leal y Ca.; Ortiz, Jose; Ruiz, Petronilo. Dry goods Bar- 
 Itier, Santiago; Bessonart; Brune y James; de Nava y Ca, Lopez; 
 Echegaray y Ca., Sue.; Fisch y Bischoff; Garcia, Aparicio; Jame, 
 Mariano; Martinez y Hermano, Fernando; Munatoes, Jose Maria; 
 Obregon, Carlos; Pohls y Guedea; Portilla y Guemes; Rico, Juan 
 P.; Salas, Fernando Puente; Thome, Lorenzo; Villalobos, Rafael. 
 Fancy goods, laces, etc. Bittrolff y Niemeyer; Campos, Juan N.; 
 De Nava y Ca., Lopez; Echeagaray y Ca. ; Fuentes y Pina; Hermo- 
 sillo, Amada; Izquierdo, Zenon; Oiler, Antonio; Olmo, Ramon del, 
 Sue.; Perez, Jose A.; Pohls y Guedea, Sue.; Portillo y Hayser; 
 Robles, Felipe. Flour merchants Gonzalez, J. M.; Manrique, 
 Santiago; Raynaud, Julio; Sierra, Manuel; Torres, Eulalio. Fur- 
 niture dealers Bittrolff y Niemeyer; Fuentes y Pina; Olmo, Ra- 
 mon del, Sue. ; Pohls y Guedea, Sue.; Reuibez y Bezaury. Groceries 
 and provisions Fernandez, Manuel; Fisch y Ca. ; Gaona, Luis; 
 Hernandez, Libi-ado; Manrique, Santiago; Torres, Wenceslao. 
 Hardware Bittrolff y Niemeyer; Campos, Juan N.; Martinez y 
 Ca., Fernando; Olmo, Ramon del, Sue.; Perez, Jose A.; Rembez y 
 Bezaury; Robles, Felipe. Hatters Aldama, Pablo; Aldana, Ma- 
 nuel; Flebbe, Joaquin. Iron and ironware Gaona, Luis; Man- 
 rique, Santiago; Rembez y Bezaury. Lithographers Gomez Her- 
 raanos. Pianos aud musical instruments Bittrolff y Niemeyer; 
 Cortez, Estanislao; Olmo, Ramon del, Sue.; Pohls y Guedea; Rico, 
 Juan P. Sewing machines Garcia, Agustin; Nunez, Nestor. 
 Watches and jewelry Arnold, Carlos; Barroso, Pascual; Gray, 
 Francisco; Long, Luis; Rembez y Bezaury. Wool exporters 
 Garza, Francisco Cortina; Manrique, Diego; Muiioz, E. ; Munoz, 
 Ramon; Oiler, Antonio. 
 
 LINARES (State of Nuevo Leon) Booksellers Infante, Modesto; 
 Perez, Ramon Garcia. Commission merchants Tamez y Tomaseo. 
 Dry goods Adame, Mariano; Ban-era, Prisciliano; Fuente, Fran- 
 cisco de la; Gaiza, J. Garcia; Garcia, Mariano; Lozano, Donaciano; 
 Peqirefio, Pantaleon; Sepulveda, Isaac Garza; Sepulveda, Genaro; 
 Tamez y Tomaseo; Vivanco, Manuel. Fancy goods Melendez, 
 Jose Maria; Perez, Ramon Garcia; Rodriguez, Ramon; Viuda de 
 Vitlales. Groceries and provisions Garcia, Mariano; Pequeno, 
 Pantaleon; Sepulveda, Genaro; Sepulveda,' Isaac Garza; Vivanco, 
 Manuel. Hardware Fouga, Bernardo; Tamez y Tomaseo. Hat-
 
 440 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 tcrs Arriaga, Joaquin; Garza, J. Garcia; Quijano, Apolinar- 
 Sepulveda, Genaro. Sewing machines Larrumbe, Ismael. 
 
 MATAMOROS (State of Tamaulipas) Arms and ammunition 
 Bielenberg, Jorge. Bankers Iturria y Ca., N.; Nielsen, Enrique- 
 Banks Agencia del "Banco Nacional;" Banco de Londres y Mexico- 
 Booksellers and stationers Bennevendo, Ernilio; Cardenas, J. A.; 
 Martinez, Miguel Garcia; Purdie, Samuel. Carriage dealers 
 Chassignet, E.; Garcia, Andres; Miranda, Agustin; Schultz, Fede- 
 rico. China and glassware Munoz, Sues. L. Commission mer- 
 chants Cavazos, Antonio; Cross, Meliton; Iturria, Francisco; 
 Muguerza, Francisco G. ; Passement, Alfredo. Drugs Barragan, 
 Miguel; Brayda, Victor; Bremer, Eduardo; Calderon. Jose. Dry 
 goods Arredondo, Manuel; Bernheim, J.; Boesch, J. P. ; Burchard 
 y Hermano; Cardenas, J. A.; Cross, Meliton H.; Fernandez, Fran- 
 cisco; Garibay, Lorenzo; Guinea y Ca., B.; Laviolette, Viuda de; 
 Longoria, Policarpo; Miller, Rafael M. ; Petitpain, Luis JVL; Urtu- 
 sastegui, B. Exporters of hides, skins, and domestic produce Ar- 
 mendariz, F.; Cross, J. S. & M. H.; Follain, G.; Neilsen, H.; Itu- 
 rria, Bernardo; Iturria y Ca., F. Fancy goods Bennevendo r 
 Emilio; Boesch, J. P.; Levy, Jacques, furniture Cross, M. H.; 
 Munoz, Sues., L. Groceries and provisions Arredondo, Manuel: 
 Bloomberg y Raphael; Cross, M. H.; Davila, Francisco; Gonzalez, 
 Jose R. ; Iturria, Francisco; Iturria y Ca., F. ; Levy, Jacques - 
 Muiioz, Sues., L.; Portillo, Inocencio; Rougier y Ca., Marcelino. 
 Hardware Doulet, A.; Madrazo, Miguel; Marquez, Felipe; Rou- 
 gier y Ca., Marcelino; Sansat, Juan. Importers Barragan, M.^ 
 Bennevendo, E. ; Bielenberg, G. ; Bloomberg y Raphael; Brayda, 
 V.; Brown, W.; Cross, J. S. & M. H.; Darrouze], J.; Guinea & 
 Co., B. ; Laviolette, Viuda; Levy, J.; Madrazo, M.; McMillan. 
 John; Miller, R. M.; Munoz, L., Sue.; Petitpain, L. N.; Rougier y 
 Ca.,M.; Urtuzastegui, B. Jewelers Bielenberg, Jorge; Belemberg 
 J Quast; Hinojosa, Jose A. Sewing machines Bielenberg, Jorge;. 
 Cardenas, Manuel. 
 
 MAZATLAN (State of Sinaloa) Agricultural implements Cbar- 
 pentier, Reynaud y Ca. ; Leon Hnos., Diaz, de; Hecht, Gr. Enrique: 
 Heymann, Sue. Arms and ammunition Alexandre y Gaskin, J. 
 J. ; Leon Hnos., Diaz de. Bankers Bartning, Hermanos y Cia. ; 
 Echeguren Una. y Sobrinos, Francisco; Melchers, Sue.; Hernandez
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 441 
 
 Mendia y Ca. ; Somellera Hnos. Banks Banco de Londres y Mexi- 
 co; Sucursal del Banco Nacional. Booksellers and stationers Char- 
 pentier, Reynaud y Ca. ; Leon Hnos., Diaz de; Heymann, Sue.; 
 Retes, Miguel; Paez, Donaciano. Boots and shoes Coppel, Isaac: 
 Pantoja, Hijo y Ca., Jose C. Carriage dealers Moneda, Jose: 
 Montiel, J. China and glassware Charpentier, Reynaud y Ca. : 
 Leon Hnos., Diaz de; Hernandez Mendia y Oia. ; Heymann, Sue. 
 Commission merchants Acosta, Bernabe; Cruz, Joaquin Santa: 
 Echeguren, Herniana y Sobrinos, Francisco; Guzman y Varela: 
 Haas, Guillermo; Hecht, Enrique; Hidalgo, Careaga y Cia. ; Tames, 
 Elorza y Cia.; Pantoja, Hijo y Ca., Jose C. ; Retes y Ca., Pedro: 
 Charpentier, Reynaud y Cia.; Romero, Desiderio; Schmidt, Oscar J. ; 
 Schober, Francisco; Zeiss, Rodolfo. Drugs Canobio, Hnos.; Es- 
 pinosa, Luis C. ; Kordell, Federico; N"uno, Angel C.; Valadez, J. J. ; 
 Ziiniga Mariano. Dry goods Bartning, Hermanos y Cia.; Belti-an, 
 Lucas; Escobar, Jesus; Haas Guillerrno; Herrerias, Marcelino: 
 Melchers, Sue.; Hernandez Mend a y Cia.; Paez, Donaciano: 
 Maxemin Hnos.; Somellera Hnos.; Tapia, Librado A.; Vega Hnos. 
 Fancy goods Charpentier, Reynaud y Ca. ; Davalos, Abraham: 
 Leon Hnos., Diaz de; Escobar, Jesus; Heymann, Sue.; Maxemin, 
 Hnos.; Melchers, Sue. ; Hernandez, Mend iay Cia.; Tapia, Librado 
 Andres. Groceries and provisions Bartning Hermanos y Cia. ; 
 Beltran, Sue., M. ; Campos, Santiago; Cardinault, Edmundo; Char- 
 pentier, Reynaud y Ca.; Diaz, de Leon Hermanos; Tames, Elorza 
 y Ca. ; Goldschmidt y Ca. ; Gutierrez, Antonio; Hecht, G. Enrique; 
 Heymann, Sue.; Longaray, Gregorio; Magana, Mateo; Magayanes, 
 Gumesindo; Maxemin, Hnos. ; Melchers, Sue.; Hernandez, Mendia 
 y Ca.; Pena, Antonio de la. Hardware, iron, and ironware 
 Ayala, Catarino; Charpentier, Reynaud "y Ca. ; Diaz de Leon, 
 Hermanos; Heymann, Sue.; Hidalgo, Careaga y Ca. ; Lou bet y Ca. 
 Hatters Carrion, Francisco; Imana, Francisco G. ; Muro, Hnos.; 
 Vega, Hermanos. Jewelers Escudero, Ignacio; Marshall, Juan L. 
 Lithographer and printer Retes, Miguel. Paints, oils, etc. Rea, 
 Luis. Sewing machines Haas Guillermo; Hecht, G. Enrique; 
 Gaskin, Alejandro; Hernandez, Mendia y Ca. Silk goods Her- 
 nandez, Mendia y Ca. ; Yuen y Ca., Kwong Yue. 
 
 MERIDA (State of Yucatan) Agricultural implements, arms, etc. 
 Albertos, Leopoldo; Alvarez y Ca.; Ayroa, Gregorio Diego; Cra-
 
 442 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 setnann, Sue.; Donde y Ca., M.; Escalante, E. ; Esenat, Antonio; 
 Gutierrez y Ca. ; Gutierrez, L.; Gutierrez, Ricardo; Haro y Ca , B.; 
 Juanes, Ramon P.; Molina y Ca., O.; Nicolin, Hermanos; P.once y 
 Ca., Jose M.; Ravonburg, German. Bankers Crasernann, Succ.; 
 Donde y Ca., M.; Escalante, E.; Haro y Ca.; Molina y Ca.; Perez y 
 Ca., Aznar. Banks Banco Mercantil de Yucatan; Banco Yuca- 
 (eco; Banco de Londres y Mexico; Sucursal del Banco Nacional. 
 Booksellers and stationers Baqueiro flnos., Gomez; Canto, Gil; 
 Canton, Eraclio Gr. ; Diaz, Gustavo; Bros, Luis; Martin y Espinosa, 
 Jose; Solis y Ca., Aznar. Boots and shoes Arestequi, E. ; Camara, 
 Pedro; Carrillo y Ca., Basilic; Carvajal, Juan Gonzalez; Carrillo, 
 Benito; Ciriaco, Espejo; Cayoe, Eulalio; Hernandez, Juan de D. ; 
 Hernandez, Mateo; Hernandez, Molina J.; Mendoza, Guadalupe; 
 Mendoza, Jose G. ; Pren, J. G. ; Rubio, Lucas; Ruiz, Castillo; Ruiz, 
 Domingo; Ruiz, Viuda de; Salazar, Martin; Villamil, P. China 
 and glassware Carranza, Camilo; Cervera, V.; Sosa, F. Commis- 
 sion merchants Cervera y Ca., Venancio;. Cicero Hermanos y Ca. ; 
 Canton, Rodolfo G.; Contreras y Ca., P. Peon; Diego y Ca., A. 
 Cano; Donde y Ca., M. : Escalante, E.; Escudero, Diego Hernandez; 
 Escudero, Rafael Hernandez; Gonzalez y Ca., Luis G. ; Haro y Ca. ; 
 Laviada, Miguel; Lisarraga y Ca., J.; Bros, Luis; Molina, Felipe; 
 Molina, O.; Perez, B. Aznar; Regil y Vales; Torre e Hijos. G. 
 Drugs Aguilar, Santiago; Andrade, Rafael; Avila, Cruz; Ca- 
 sares, Eduardo; Castillo, Gerardo; Font, Jose; Garcia, Francisco 
 Lopez; Negron, Francisco; Pacheco, Lorenzo; Perez, Pinto; Pinto, 
 Pablo; Ponce, Abelardo; Ponce, W.; Reguera, Pedro; Rivera y Ca.; 
 Rubis, Francisco; Troncoso, Pedro; Villamil, Miguel. Dry goods 
 Alpuche y Ca., Tomas; Alvarez y Ca. ; Cano y Ca., B.; Canton, 
 F. ; Capetillo y Arce; Casares L., Isaac; Castillo, Rivas y Ca.; 
 Donde y Ca., M. ; Garcia, Fajardo A.; Gonzalez, Pablo; Herrera .Ne- 
 mesio; Hiibbe, E.; Padron, Sergio; Patron, Loza y Ca.; Pinel, 
 Manuel; Ponce y Ca., M. y A.; Toledo y Ca., Viuda de; Vales y Ca. 
 Fancy goods Crasernann, Sue.; Laviada y Ca.; Ravensburg y Ca., 
 German; Tenorio y Ca. ; Vales y Ca., C. Furniture Castillo y Ca., 
 G. A.; Crasemann, Sue.; Leopoldo, Alberto; Perez y Ca. , Delfin; 
 Ponce y Ca., R.; Tenorio y Ca., C.; Zavala, Lorenzo. Groceries and 
 provisions Almeyda, Manuel; Alonso y Ca., E.; Aragon, Juan; 
 Aragona, Daniel; Atocha y Ca., R. ; Avila, Faustino; Bolio, Adolfo;
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 443 
 
 Bolio, Heruianos; Calp, Jaime; Camara e Hijos, C.; Campo, Joa- 
 quin; Cano y Ca., A. Diego; Cano y Ca., B. ; Canto, G.; Canton, R. 
 Gregorio; Canton, Rogerio G. ; Carrillo, Jose C.; Carrillo, Magda- 
 leno; Castillo, Juan B. ; Castillo, Pedro; Cervera y Ca. ; Cervera, Ve- 
 nancio; Cicero, Hermanos y Ca. ; Concha, Miguel; Contreras y Ca., 
 Peon; Espinosa y Ca.; Ferraes y Ca., N.; Fuentes, Bartolome; 
 Fuentes y Ca.; Fuentes, Francisco; Gallareta, Manuel J.; Gonzalez, 
 y Ca.; Gonzalez, Francisco; Haro y Ca. ; Hidalgo, Jose de; Hiibbe> 
 Jose Millet; Lopez, E. Franco; Lujon, Gabriel; Mena, Melquiades; 
 Mendicuto, Isidro; Milan y Ca., Ramon E.; Milan, Gregorio; Mo- 
 lina y Ca., O.; Mota, Tibnrcio; Ortiz y Ca. ; Ortiz, Viuda de; Palma 
 Hermanos, Sue. ; Ramos, Domingo P. ; Rojas, Felipe R. ; Vales y 
 Ca. ; Villamil y Ca.; Zapata y Ca., J. Hardware, tools, etc. Alva- 
 rez y Ca.; Ayroa, Gregorio Diego; Crasemann, Sue.; Donde, Manuel; 
 Esenat, A.; Gutierrez y Ca., R.; Gutierrez, Sue., L.; Juanes, Ramon 
 P.; Laviada y Ca.; Leopoldo, Alberto; Ravensberg y Ca., G.; Nico- 
 lin Hermanos; Villamil Hnos. y Ca. Hatters Encalada, C.; 
 Medina, Pedro; Sansores, E.; Serrano, L. House furnishing goods 
 Burgos, Jose D.; Rivas, Benito; Sanchez, Jose Ruiz; Valencia, 
 Domingo. Importers, exporters and commission merchants Alcina> 
 Agustin; Alvarez y Ca. ; Ancona, Nicanor; Aznar, Benito; Aznar' 
 Perez y CM.; Bolio, Eduardo; Camara, Camilo; Camara y Ca., P.; 
 Camara, Manuel Donde; Cano y Ca., B.; Canton, Amado; Cicero 
 Hernandez y Ca.; Cicero, Pedro; Contreras y Ca., P. Peon; Crase- 
 mann y Ca., S.; Diego y Ca., A. Cano; Donde y Ca., M.; Escalante, 
 y Bates, E. ; Frexas y Ca., J. Canton; Galera, Dario; Gardarillas, 
 Marcelino; Gonzalez, Pablo; Gonzalez, Pedro; Gutierrez y Ca., L.; 
 Gutierrez y Ca., R.; Gutierrez, Eduardo Gonzalez; Haro y Ca.; Haro 
 y Concha; Haro y Pena; Hernandez, Rafael; Hoffman y Dominguez; 
 Hoyo, Celestino Ruiz del; Hoyo, Francisco Ruiz del; Ibarra y Ca.; 
 Laviada, Miguel; Laviada y Ca.; Lizarraga y Ca., F.; Loza y Ca., 
 Patron; Bro;, Luis; Milan, Gregorio; Molina y Ca., O.; Molina, 
 Felipe; Ortiz y Ca., Tiuda; Padron, Sergio; Palma Hnos., Sue.; 
 Peon, Agusto; Perez y Ca.; Pinelo, Manuel; Ponce y Ca., J. M.; 
 Ravensburg y Ca., G.; Regil, Viuda e Hijo de; Rivas y Ca., Cas- 
 tillo; Rodger y Ca., Pedro; Rucio, Manuel; Seal, Pedro; Toledo y 
 Ca., Viuda de; Vales y Ca.; Zapata y Ca., J. Jewelers A.ragon ? 
 Paulino; Barcelo y Mateo; Basurto, Joaquin; Basurto, Juan E.;
 
 444 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Cabrera, Eulalio; Carranza, Camilo; Carrillo, Loreto; Claudon, Luis; 
 Dellenberg, Enrique; Dominguez, Carlos; Flores, Tiburcio; Monforter 
 Juan C.; Quen, Eligio; Ramirez, Jose D.; Rodriguez, Francisco; 
 Rodriguez, Saturnine; Rosel, Policarpo; Sanchez, Mateo. Litho- 
 graphers Caballero, Ricardo B.; Cuevas, J. D.; Gamboa, Jose; 
 Quijano, Santiago Bolio. Music stores Cuevas, Juan de; Gasque, 
 Ramon; Bros, Luis; Ortiz y Ca., Viuda de. Sewing machines 
 Gutierrez, Sue., L.; Caballero y Ca., A.; Crasemann, Sue. 
 
 MEXICO CITY (Federal District) Acids and chemicals Delgado r 
 Rafael; Drogueria Universal; Eguia Lis, Jose Maria; Felix y Ca. r 
 Carlos; Gardufio, Gabriel; Lnigle, Ernesto; Marin, Crescendo. 
 Agencies for foreign goods (sale by sample) Alcantara, F. de P.; 
 Alfaro, Ignacio F.de; Argiielles, Ed.; Astorqniza yVivanco; Bannis- 
 ter, Juan; Benitez, Landa y Ca. ; Biquard y Ca.; Borel, Luis; Bos- 
 sier, y Ca., German; Cavaroc, L.; Carrillo, Ruiz y Rivera; Castell6 r 
 Gutierrez y Ca.; Commagere y Peon; "Compania Commercial Aus- 
 triaca Trasatlantica;" Dahlhaus, Edmundo; Daus, Federico, O.; 
 Dunbar, Diego S.; During y Ca., M.; Echeverria, Pedro; Franco y 
 Santaella; Gaston y Ca., Jose M.; Garcia, Cuervo y Menendez; Gen- 
 droy, M.; Goetschel y Ca.; Gonzalez Hnos.; Gutierrez, Miguel N.; 
 Ibarra, Vicente; Irigoyen, Martin de; Jacques, P. y J. ; Jacques y 
 Eyssantier; Morlet, Teofilo; Merino Hnos. y Ca.; Navarro y Ca., F.; 
 Nieto, Juan N.; Pfeiffer, Federico; Perez y Ca., P.; Reboulet, Louis; 
 Reppeto, Juan; Rico, Gil; Ritter y Ca., Federico; Ruiz, Ballesteros 
 y Ca.; Ruth y Ca. ; Salcido, Rafael; Scheibe, G.; Samuel, Hermanos; 
 Seeger Guernsey y Ca.; Schriber, Carlos; Stankiewitz, G. M.; Torre, 
 Rodolfo de la; Viadero, J.; Villarroel, Jesus U., Woodrow, Gui- 
 llermo B.; Zaccarini y Ca., A. Agricultural implements Adams, F., 
 Sue.; Arce y Cia., Jose; Arozarena, Rafael M. de; Badoin y Ca., E.; 
 Becerer, Carlos; Boker y Ca., Roberto; Bowes, Scott, Read, Camp- 
 bell & Co.; Charreton Hnos.; Dorn y Ca., Guillermo; Garth, Ger- 
 man; Hoffmann Hermanos; Hulvershorn y Ca.; Lohse y Ca., Guiller- 
 mo; Lohse, S.; N. Y. Plow Co.; Malo y Ca., Alberto; Rio, Jose Maria 
 del; Sommer, Hermann y Ca. ; Ulrick y Ca., D.; Wexel y Degress; 
 White, Juan. Arms and ammunitions Aizpimi, Patricio; Alva r 
 Ramon; Alvarado, Joaquin; Alvarez, Modesto; Andrade, Antonio; 
 Anzoategui, Jose; Aranzubia, Manuel; Arena, Joaquin; Argandar. 
 Alejandro; Boche, Alfredo; Carrion, C.; Combaluzier, A.; Mendiola
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 445 
 
 y Ca., M.; Morel, C. ; Quintana Hnos.; Sanchez, D.; Urbarrena 
 y Quintana; Wexel y De Gress. Army contractors, for arms, am- 
 munition, clothing, shoes, etc. Garcia, Teruel L.; Llamedo, Juan; 
 Pombo. Ignacio. Artificial flowers Albert y Ca., J., Sue.; 
 Deuchler y Kiern; Hulvershorn y Ca., G.; Priani, Antonio M. 
 Banks and bankers "Banco Nacional de Mexico;" "Banco de 
 Londres y Mexico;" "Banco Internacional e Hipotecario de Mex- 
 ico;" Barron, Forbes y Ca.; Benecke, Est., Sue.; Bermejillo Hnos. ; 
 Cardefla y Ca., Sue.; Garcia Teruel, Luis; Gargollo, Jose; Ibanez, 
 Manuel; Lavie y Ca.; Llamedo, Juan; Martin y Ca., P.; Martinez 
 y Ca.; Mijares y Ca., A.; Ortiz de la Huerta, R. ; Pelaez, Pedro; 
 Rio, F. de P. del; Sanchez, Delfm; Scherer y Ca., H. ; Sommer, Herr- 
 mann y Ca. ; Struck y Ca., Gustavo: Teresa, Nicolas de; Watson, 
 Phillips y Ca. Booksellers and stationers Abadiano, Viuda e hijos 
 de; Aguilar e hijos; Aguilar y Ortiz; Andrade y Morales, Sue.; An- 
 drade y Soriano; Arnaldo, Luis G.; Ballesca y Ca., J.; Bernard, A.; 
 Bouret, Carlos; Budin, N., Sue.; Buxo y Ca., J.; Cambeses, M.; 
 Canols, Juan; Cueva, Ramon; Chavez, N.; Diaz de Leon, Fran- 
 cisco; Dorn, Guillermo; Dublan y Ca.; Fernandez y Ca.,M.; Fuente 
 Parres, J. de la; Gallegos Hermanos; Hamilton, H. P.; Herrera y 
 Benavides; Herrera, J. ; Hoeck, F. P.; Jens, J. F. ; Kauser y Mar- 
 tin; Lions y Ca., H. y V. ; Liidert, Federico A.; Martin, Luis; Mar- 
 tinez, Vicente; Maza y Compania; Montauriol, Carlos; Mur- 
 guia, Eduardo; Nicolau, Joaquin; Ortega, J. ; Ortega y Vazquez; 
 -Parres y Compania, F., Sue.; Portu, E.; Remirez y Compania, 
 J.; Rivera y Rio, Jose; Rivera y Rico, Edmundo; Sainz, Ri- 
 cardo; Sanchez, C.; Spaulding, D. S. ; Tamborrel, Carlos; Trueba, 
 Hermanos; Urias, J.; CJrrea, Antonio R. ; Valdesy Cueva; Vaugier, 
 Federico; Vincourt, Carlos. Boots and shoes Abarca, Auseiicio; 
 Aceves, Juan A.; Alegre, Julian; Alfaro, Juan; Almonte, Francisco; 
 Araujo, Jorge; Arellano, Arcadio; Arevalo, Juan; Arpide y Ca., U.; 
 Ascoitia, Catalina; Ataide, Prisciliano; Barranco, Vicente; Becherel, 
 Josefa; Benitez, B. G.; Bermeo, Antonio; Bernal, Marcelino; Bernal, 
 Ramos, Angel; Briseiio, Juan; Brisefio, Manuel; Bucardo, Trinidad; 
 Buenrostro, Jose; Camacho, Jacinto; Carmona, Carlos; Carmona, 
 Esther; Carrillo. Pablo; Casillas, Rafael; Castillo, Fermin del; Caza- 
 dero, Angela; Celada, Te6filo; Cervantes, Enrique; Chacon y Ca., 
 Gabriel; Davalos, Faustino; Davalos y Hno., F. ; Davo, Francisco;
 
 446 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Daza, Jacinto; Delgado, Agustin; Diaz, J.; Diosdado, F. C. ; Domin- 
 guez Hnos.; Espinoza, Eulogio; Espinoza, lldefonso; Esteva, Sabino; 
 Fernandez y Ca., B ; Flores, J.; Fournier, Joseph; Garcia, Loreto; 
 Garcia, Luis G. ; Garcia, Paulino; Gomez, Antonio; Gomez, L. G. ; 
 Gonzalez, Catalina; Gonzalez, Juan; Gonzalez, J. ; Gonzalez, German; 
 Gonzalez, M.; Gonzalez, Muiioz, M.; Gorostiaga, J. M.; Guadarram;v, 
 Salvador; Gutierrez y Hnos., Jose D.; Guzman, Marcos; Halsey, 
 Cristina; Horrnigo, Manuel; Hurtado, Atanasio; Islas, Guadalupe; 
 Iturriaga, E.; Izunza, Ignacio; Jaramillo, Braulio; Juarez, Hilario; 
 Lara, Daniel; Leite, J.; Leon, Diego; Lopez, Jose Maria; Lopez, 
 Juan; Lopez, Juan C. ; Lopez, Gregorio; Martinez, Adolfo; Mar- 
 tinez, Concepcion; Martinez, Evaristo; Martinez, Jacinto; Mayorga. 
 Justo; Mejia, Luis; Mena, Rosa; Mendez, Antonio; Mendoza, J. M/;. 
 Migoni, Luis; Molina, Hilario; Monroy, G.; Monroy, Guadalupe; 
 Montafio, Angel; Monies de Oca, Antonio; Montes de Oca, Lazaro; 
 Morales, Angel; Morales, Lucas: Moreno, Ana Mafia; Mufioz. 
 Abraham; Mufioz, Juan; Mufioz, Mariano; Muriel, Pedro; Nava, 
 Juana; Nava, Agustina; Nogueron, Apolonio; Nunez, S. ; Nunez, 
 Sabino; Ocampo, Jacobo; Ordonez, Pedro; tOrtiz, J.; Ortiz, Ramon: 
 Ortiz, Teodoro; Pascal, M. ; Penaflor, Marcos; Perea, Petra A. de; 
 Perez, Juan; Perez, Petra; Pichardo y Ca., R. A.; Pietra Santa, A.; 
 Pietra Santa, Eduardo; Portacarrero, Agustin; Portron, Luis; Pozo. 
 Badillo Juan; Ramirez, Eusebio; Ramirez Santillana, A.; Reyes^ 
 Apolonio; Rivero, Paz; Robles, Porn'rio; Rodriguez, E.; Rodiiguez, 
 Pedro; Rojas, Casimiro; Romano, Concepcion; Rosas, Jose; Rojas, 
 Soledad; Ruiz, Manuel; Saklafia, Miguel; Saldana hijo, T. ; Salgado. 
 Pedro Maiia; Santa Maria, Feliciana; Santa Maiia y Ca., L.; Sar- 
 miento, Marco; Segura, G.; Segura, M.; Sevilla y Villagran; Sigales, 
 Canuto; Sobrino, Ramon; Solachi, Romualda; Soniera, Albino; 
 Soto, Jos6 Ma.; Soto, Maria; Suarez, Maria Refugio; Tapia. 
 Luis G.; Tapia, Francisco; Telles, Gumesindo; Tesorero, Atanasio; 
 Tinico, Luciano; Torres, Antonio; Torres, Maria de J.; Trejo, Fran- 
 cisco; Troncoso, Anselmo; Trueba, Enrique; Urosa, Angel; Valen- 
 cia, Miguel; Valle, J. A. del; Vara, Mauro; Yaras de Valdez, J.; 
 Vargas, Pedro; Vega, Atanasio; Victoria, Jose; Zarinana y Ca , J. 
 L. ; Zetina, J.; Zetina y Ca., C. B. Brick, lime and cement 
 Aduna, Sabina; 1 Alva, Manuel; Alvarez, Cipriano; Alvarez, J.; 
 Alvarez, Marcos; Alvarez, Teodoro; Arizcorreta y Ca., Lam'o;
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 447 
 
 Cabrera, Guadalupe; Cardenas, A.; Cardona, Juan; Cordova, Luis 
 F.; Castillo, Antonio; Compania manufacturer de cal hidraulica; 
 Fernandez, Simona; Flores, Manuel M.; Forey, Juan; Galicia, Caye- 
 tano; Garcia, Leon; Garmca, Jose; Hahener, Pablo; Idrac, Carlos; 
 Lama, Angel de la; Lopez, Simon; Lozano, Soledad; Luengas, Luis 
 A.; Mijares, R.; Montes de Oca L.; Negrete, Benito; Nunez, Juana; 
 Olguin, Silvestre; Olvera, Dolores; Omana, Fernando; Omana, Grego- 
 rio; Omana, Maria de J.; Pacheco, C.; Perez, Cecilio; Priani, A.; Ran- 
 gel, Francisco; Rangel y Uribe; Rey, Jose; Reyes, Teodoro; Rio, M. 
 del; Rodriguez, E.; Romo, Salvador; Rosa y Rangel Ma.; Rosas, Man- 
 uel; Rosellon, Domingo; Rubaira, Francisco; Sanchez, Isaac; Sanchez, 
 Joaquin; Silva, Jacinto; Silva, Jesus; Talonio, Lorenzo; Tapia, Juan; 
 Unda, Gabriel; Vargas, Benigna; Vargas, Ladislao; Vargas, Luisa; 
 Vasquez, Albino de; Vazquez, Ambrosio; Velasquez, Antonio O.; 
 Velazquez, Manuel; Vera, Cirilo; Violante, Juan; Zamora, Miguel; 
 Zuniga, Francisco. Carriages Boker y Ca., Roberto; Cesar y 
 Joaquin; Ducastaing y Ca., E.; Elcoro y Ca., Valentin; Maza, 
 Jose; Moricard, J.; Nava, Felipe; Olaez, Agustin; Orozco, Victor 
 E.; Pascal, M.; Ramirez, Juan; Risser, Adolfo; Sanchez, F. G.; Seres 
 y Ca., Bias.; Suarez, Gabriel Martinez; Vent, Andres; Wexel y 
 De Gress; Wilson y Ca., T. H., Sue.; Wilson Hijos y Ca., Hugo. 
 Carriageware Boker y Ca., Roberto; Combaluzier, A.; Rio, Jose 
 Maria del. China and glassware Aguirre y Hnos, I.; Albear, 
 Miguel; Araujo, Mariano; Avalos, Camilo; Becerril de Corneja, A.; 
 Bravo y Blumenkron; Caisseller, Alberto; Calvet, Victor; Cornejo 
 Hno., Aurelio; Doi-n y Ca., Gruillermo; Derflinger, Antonio; Dupont, 
 Juan M.; Durruty, D.; Espejel, M.; Guerrero y Tangassi; Gutierrez, 
 Nestor; Hildebrand y Ca., E. ; Lohse y Ca., G., Sue.; Mendez, 
 Francisco; Ocampo, Agustin; Olea, Mariano; Pino, Tomas del; 
 Priani, Antonio M.; Rigal, Lubety Ca.; Rio, J. M. del; Rufo y Ca. ; 
 Sarraille, J. ; Septien y Serrano; Sommer, Hermann y Ca. ; Troncoso 
 y Cilveti; Uriarte, M. del Rio; Wilson, Tomas H., Sue. Commission 
 merchants Arce y Ca., Jose; Arozarena, Rafael M. de; Astorquiza 
 y Vivanco; Benitez, Landa y Ca.; Biquard y Ca., A.; Boker y Ca., 
 Roberto; Bischoff, Emilio; Borel, Luis; Borrell, Justiniano; Bossier 
 y Compania, German; Campos, Manuel S.; Castello, Gutierrez y 
 Compania; Cosio, Victorio; Coussirat y Cortes; Dosal y Hno., Jose; 
 Duran, Gabriel; Escurdia Hermanos; Esteinon y Roumagnere;
 
 448 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Eyssautier, Melchor; Figueroa, Isauro; Franco, Santaella y Ca.; 
 Garcia, Hnos. y Ca.; Gaston y Ca., J. M.; Gonzalez Guerra, A.; 
 Graef, Federico; Gutierrez, Miguel N.; Haro, Agustin; Heredia, 
 Guillermo; Jacques, P. y J.; Lohse, Santiago 0.; Lopez y Teresa; 
 Malgor, Martin; Manuel, Clemente; Mijares y Compania, A.; 
 Monroy y Morales; Mora y Ca., Casto de la; Moyano y Bermu- 
 dez; Muniz, Felix; Payro, Leandro; Ortega, Paulino; Puga, Max; 
 Reboulet, Luis; Revuelta, Valentin; Ritter y Ca., Federico; Rojas, 
 Luis; Rovalo, Agustin; Ruiz, Ballesteros y Ca.; Rul, Manuel P.; 
 Sainz, Justiniano; Salcido, Rafael; Samuel Hermanos; Santiago, Ag 
 de; Sta. Marina e Hijos. ; Scheibe, Gust; Schultze y Ca., Sue. ; Seeger, 
 Guernsey y Ca.; Suarez, M.; Sobrino y Barreneche; Uhink y Ca. ; 
 Watson, Phillips y Ca.; Walker y Borda. Contractors (mines and 
 railways} Adam, F., Sue.; Arce y Ca., J.; Arozarena, Rafael M. 
 de.; Boker y Ca., Roberto; Brinckman y Turnbull; Read y Camp- 
 bell; Seeger, Guernsey y Compania. Cordage Albiso, Sabino; 
 Basurto, Manuel; Baez, Felipa; Buenrestro, F. ; Campos, J.; Chavez, 
 Albino; Enciso, M. ; Galvan, Ignacio; Gonzalez, B.; Hernandez, J. 
 S. ; Hernandez, J. M.; Lozada, Santos; Lozano, Jos6 Ma.; Lozano, 
 J. G.; Oviedo, M. Dolores; Pimentel, Rafael; Pinto y Leon Miguel; 
 Prado, Andres del; Soto, Jose M.; Sotres y Carbajal M.; Vazquez, 
 Mariano. Coopers Buzon, Francisco; Camiragua, Jose; Campos, 
 Eduardo; Enriquez Cirico; Fiores, J.; Medina, Francisco; Osorio de 
 Vazquez, G. ; Soriano, Paulino; Villegas, Guadalupe; Villareal, Juan 
 B. Drugs (homeopathic} Gonzalez e Hijo, J. Drugs, retail 
 Aguilera y Ca., E.; Artigas y Ortega; Almaraz, Andres; Alonso, 
 Ed. M.; Altamirano, F.; Amelio, Bias; Arellano, Manuel; Arteaga, 
 Ramon; Aveleyra Hnos.; Avila, Miguel; Barradas, Francisco; 
 Bautista, Rafael; Becerril, Manuel; Beguerisse, A.; Beguerisse 
 y Compania; Bermejo, Rafael B.; Bermudez, Antonio; Bernal, 
 Francisco; Bustillos, J. E.; Canas de Iturralde, Juan; Carmona y 
 Valle, J. M.; Cervantes, Silva A.; Chabolla, Francisco; Chavez, J.; 
 Cienfuegos, Francisco; Coronado, Agustin; Dominguez, E.; Domin- 
 guez, Enrique; Fiores, Francisco A.; Franco, Bolanos A.; Gaona, 
 Juan B.; Garay, Adrian de; Garcia, Colin N.; Gonzalez, Luis; Gonza- 
 lez, Ignacio; Gonzalez, J. D. ; Gomez Tagle, Isidore; Gordillo, Fran- 
 cisco B.; Grisi, Vda. de; Guerrero, Agustin; Guerrero, Florentine; 
 Hernandez, Agustin; Iriarte, Manuel; Jauregui, M. J.; Kaska,
 
 MKHCANTII.E DIKECTOHY OF MEXICO. 449 
 
 Francisco; Kentzler, F. Emil; Larrea, F. L. de; Larrea, Lelo de: 
 Lazo de la Vega, J. M.; Licea, Vicente; Liz, Benjamin; Lucio, Vic- 
 tor; Luna y Drusina; Lozano y Hrio. M.; Llamas, Francisco; 
 Marin, C.; Marin, Hidalgo N.; Marin y Ca., N. ; Marquez, Miguel 
 M. ; Martinez, Agustin; Mena, A.; Moncayo, J. A.; Monfano, Eamon; 
 Monies de Oca, F. ; Morales, Enrique; Morales, Jose D.; Navarrete, 
 R. M.; Onate, J.; Orihuela, de G.; Oropeza, Felipe S.; Oropeza, 
 Marcial; Ortega, Lorenzo A.; Patino, Carlos M. ; Patino, Francisco; 
 Patino, Guadalupe; Payro, A.; Pena, Manuel; Perez, Severiano; 
 Portilla, Guillerrno; Prado, R. N.; Ratnii'ez, Juan; Reyes, Julio; 
 Rio de la Loza, Francisco; Rio de la Loza, Max.; Rio de la Loza, 
 Rafael ; Salazar, Manuel A.; Sanchez, M.; Sanchez, Manuel; Schtnitz, 
 A.; Schmitz y Ca., A.; Senisson, G.; Tajonar, J.; Torres, Manuel; 
 Tricio, Salvador; Urbina, Manuel; Uribe, Alejandro; Urueta, 
 Bernardo; Vargas, J. H.; Vazquez, Miguel; Vera, Julio D.; Ver- 
 dugo, P.; Villagran, S. ; Villa senor, LuisR.; Vidales, Nestor; Ziiniga, 
 Miguel. Drugs, wholesale Andrea y Soriano; Bennet y Ca., Sue.; 
 Biester, Enrique; Bustillos, Jose E.; Carman, Henry B.; Carmona 
 y Aparicio; Daumy, Serafina C.; Drogueria Universal; Falero, J.; 
 Farine y Sanders, Felix y Ca., Carlos; Gallardo, Ignacio; Gudino, 
 Justo Z. ; Hinojosa, Pedro; Labadie y Ca., Sue., J.; Leiter, Miguel 
 E.; Perez, Z. M.; Tejera, Luis; Uihlein Sue., Jose; Vargas y Ca. 
 Dry goods: Clothing wholesale (imported goods'} Bellon y Ca., M.: 
 Brehm y Ca., Sue.; Chauvet y Ca., Max.; Donnadieu y Ca., F. : Eb- 
 rard y Ca. ; Lambert, Reynaud y Ca.; Levy y Martin, A.; Meyran 
 Hermanos; Ollivier y Ca., J.; Reynaud y Ca., A.; Richaud, Aubert 
 y Ca.; Robert y Ca., S.; Roves y Ca., Sue., B.; Schmidt y Bourjau; 
 Schultze y Ca., Sue.; Signoret, Honorat y Ca.; Struck y Ca., Gus- 
 tavo; Tron y Ca., J.; Weil y Ca., Simon. Clothing, retail (imported 
 goods'} Alvarez, Tostado M.; Barquin y Ca., Felipe; Gomez y Ca. T 
 M.; Haure, Miranda Juan; Macias, Gaspar; Miranda, Eduardo: 
 Migoya, Manuel; Rivera Hermanos; Santaolalla y Ca., D.; Valdes, 
 Antonio. Clothing, retail (domestic and ynported goods] Alvarez y 
 Ca.,V.; Allemand, Victoriano; Andrade, Luis G.; Arroyave, ^Fran- 
 cisco V".; Blancas, Juana; Castillo Ruperto, A. del; Castro, Lu/.: 
 Cervantes, Sixto; Chavez e Hijos, Viuda de; Cuellar y Ca., C.: 
 Gomez, Jacinto; Hurtado, Espinosa y Ca., L.; Miranda, E. ; Mon- 
 roy, Rafael; Munoz, Trinidad; Mondragon. Benita A. de; Moll, Juan; 
 
 2*
 
 450 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Olvera, Anastasio; Piedras, Antonio; Perez, Petronilla; Pen-z, Rosa; 
 Pe>ez, Sixto; Preaut, Pablo; Rangel, Margarita; Rocha, Placido; 
 Rocha, Tranquilino; Rubio, Jos6 Maria; Sanchez, Felipe; Vazquez, 
 Antonio; Zaldivar, Felipe. Clothing for men and boys Adalid, 
 Ceron e hijo, J.; Carniona, Ildefonso; Carmona y Velasquez, J. M.; 
 Garmona y Vilchis, V.; Franck y Ca., M.; Garcia, Benitez y Ca.; 
 Montes de Oca, A.; Quiroga y Ca., Jose; Tovar, Jose Maiia. Cloth- 
 ing for women and children Bayonne, E.; Chauvet y Ca., Max. ; 
 (Joblentz, Benito; Deuchler y Kern; Fourcade y Ca., A.; Laborde, 
 Wartenweiler y Ca. Cloths, imported Brehm y Ca., Sue.; Gen- 
 tlrop, Th.; Levy y Martin, A.; Struck y Ca., Gustavo; Weil y Ca., 
 .Simon. Millinery Burgaud, F.; Carballeda y Fougerat; Carriles y 
 Ca., M.; Coblentz, Benito; Coblentz, Silvano; Flores, Gonzalez y Ca., 
 J.; Guerin y Ca.; Hoppenstedt y Ca., T.; Lagrave, Pablo; Larrea y 
 Cordero, J.; Levy y Ca., A.; Levy y Martin, A.; Maurel, F. ; Mo- 
 rales y Ca., E.; Polack, Hipolito; Prado, Godoy y Ca.; Prado y Ca., 
 M. del.; Rodrigo, L.; Rodriguez y Ca., S.; Schweitzer, Vda. e hijos 
 de; Vega y Ca., Enrique S. Passementerie and lace goods Biquard 
 y Ca.; Deuchler y Kern; Lopez, Demetrio; Lopez de Barcena, Mag- 
 dalena; Martinez, Lucas; Pujol, Antonio; Valdez, Estanislao; Velasco, 
 Melchora. Silk goods, wholesale Albert y Ca., Sue., Julio; Brehm 
 y Ca., Sue.; Horn y Ca., A. Silk goods, wholesale and retail Al- 
 bert y Ca., Sue., Julio; Deuchler y Kern; Hiilvershorn y Ca., G.; 
 Laborde, Wartenweiler y Ca. Silk goods, retail Aguii re, Soledad; 
 Albert y Ca., Sue., Julio; Alvarez, Severa; Andrade, Maria de J.; 
 Angon, Dolores; Anguiano, Siinona; Azcarate, Abraham"; Baez, 
 Isabel; Ballesteros, Serapia; Barrera, Benita; Barros, Ignacia; 
 Basurto, Cayetano; Berthier, Carmen; Besserer, Sofia; Blanco y 
 Hnos., J.; Blanco, Ana; Blanco y Ca., Luis G. ; Bonilla, Juliana; 
 Calderon, Aclelaida; Camacho, Dolores; Canizo, Loreto; Casares, 
 Refugio; Cohen, F. ; Contreras y Ca., Francisco; Cerisola,Adela; Cor- 
 nejo, Maria; Crespo, Concepcion; Cruz, Efren; Cuervo, Juan: Cueva, 
 Ramon; Diaz, Felicitas; Echeverria, Teresa L. de; Elizaga de Huici; 
 Escobar, Refugio; Escudero, Luz; Espana, Rosa; Espejel, Clemen- 
 tina; Espinosa, Romana; Estrada, Refugio; Fernandez, Merced; 
 Garcia, Dolores; Godoy, Concepcion; Gongora, Angel; Gonzalez, 
 A.; Gonzalez, Juana; Gonzalez, Justa; Guadalajara y Ca., R.; 
 Guerrero, Teresa; Gutierrez, Cecilia; Hermann, Matilde; Izaguirre
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 451 
 
 de Merino; Jayme, Maria de J.; Larrea, M. L. de; Lascano, Loreto 
 Ch. de; Lavillette, A.; Lefebvre, A.; Legorreta, Josefina; Lujo, 
 Francisco; Martel y Sauche; Mendoza. Concepcion B. de; Merino, 
 Soledad; Migoni, Carmen; Morno y Miguel; Morquecho, Petra R. ; 
 Munoz, Rosario; Olnios, Soledad; Omafia, Carlos; Ornelas, Elena; 
 O'Farrel, Romulo; Pacheco, Romero M.; Pampillon, Piedad; Pi- 
 mentel, Guadalupe; Pineda, J.; Poza, Dionisia; Pruneda, Matilde; 
 Ramirez, Angela V. de; Reyes, Luz; Ricard, A. de; Romero, Anto- 
 nio; Romero, Cenobio; Romero, Maiia; Resales, Maiia A.; Rosello 
 <le F.eltran, I.; Salazar de Muicelo, D. ; Salazar, Francisco; Sandoval, 
 Miguel; Santiesteban, Maria; Sencie de Morales; Sequeyro, 'F.; 
 Serrano, Dolores; Signoret, Honorat y; Solis, Loreto; Sotomayor, 
 L. ; Terroba, Manuel M.; Torres, Guadalupe; Trejo de Vega; 
 Valle, Rafael G. del; Vargas, Guadalupe; Varela, Luis; Varela, 
 Refugio A. de; Vilchis, Francisca; Vidaurrazuga, Mariana; Zuvizar, 
 Maria Refugio. Silk, linen, and hosiery importers Albert & Ca., 
 Sue.; Bellon &. Ca. ; Brehm&Ca.; Burgaud, F. ; Chauvet & Ca., 
 Max; Deuchler (to Kern; Donnadieu & Ca., F.; Ebrard & Ca.; 
 Frank, M.; Fourcade & Ca., A.; Garcin, Faudon & Ca.; Gtierin & 
 O.; Horn & Ca., A.; Laborde, Wartenweiler & Ca. ; Levy & Mar- 
 tin; Meyran Hermanos; Olliver &, Ca., J.; Reynaucl & Ca., A ; 
 Richaud, Aubert & Ca.; Robert & Ca., S.; Roves & Ca., B. Sue.; 
 Schultz & Ca., Sue.; Schmidt & Bourjeau; Signoret, Honorat & Ca. ; 
 Struck,Gustavo; TroiiiteCa.; Weil, Simon & Ca. Tapestries, draperies 
 and carpetings Albert y Ca., Julio, Sue.; Boyseny Wintermantel; 
 Compania Comercial Austriaca-Tra.satlautica; Fontaine, Pedro; Hoff- 
 man y Urquia, A.; Kuhn, Edo. M. ; Nieto, Vicente; Urrutia, Lazaro; 
 Velasco, Carlos L. Electrotypers Munguia y Bustamante; Cordoba, 
 Pedro; Llagostera, Pedro; Mata, Filomeno. Engravers Bouligny y 
 Ca., Sue.; Dalmau, F. de P.; Diener Hermanos; Galaviz, Anto. H.; 
 Gutierrez, Lucio; Mosser, Luis; Pagaza, V. ; Pastrana, G. R.; Pena, 
 Tomasde la. Fancy goods (ivliolesale and retail) Billonneau,Cassou y 
 Ca.; Bravo y Blumenkron; Delarue,Eugenio; Diehl y Ca.,M.; During 
 y Ca.; Elcoro, Lopez y Ca. ; Gahrtz, German; Gutierrez, Miguel; 
 Hulvershorn y Ca. ; Lefebvre, Alfredo; Lohse y Ca., Sue., G.; 
 Pezana, Marcial; Philipp y Ca., Max A.; Rio, Jose Maiia del; 
 Sommev, Herrmann y Ca.; Uriarte y del Rio, M.; Zivy y Ca., D. 
 Fancy goods (retail] Albert y Ca., J., Sue.; Argudin, Juan S. ; Ar-
 
 452 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 naldo, Luis G.; Barrora, Josefa; Bayonne, E.; Billonneau, Cassou y 
 Oa. ; Biorklund y Joransson, 0. A.; Bonnerue y Ca.; Calvet, Vic- 
 tor; Candil, Gonzalo; Coblentz, Benito; Deuchler y Kern; Duver- 
 dun, C.; Escalante, Zeferino; Garcia, Cuervo y Menendez; Gari- 
 bay, Agustin; Gonzalez, Bonifacio; Granados, Julio; Guerrero y 
 Tangassi; Gutierrez, Miguel; Hillebrand y Ca., E.; Iglesias, Mi- 
 guel; Laborde, Wartenweiler y Ca.; Lefebvre A., Refugio; Lohse y 
 Ca., Sue., G. ; Morel, Camilo; Pastor, Santos; Pivardiere, Adolfo; 
 Quintana Hnos. ; Raynaud, Eugenio; Rigal, Lubet y Ca. ; So turner 
 Herrmann y Ca.; Spaulding, D. S.; Tellez y Ca., T.; Troncoso y 
 Silveto. Fireworks dealers Guardiola, Valentin; Mata, E. ; Pe- 
 reira, Maximo; Torres, Dario. Flour and feed Alvarez, M.; 
 Barren, Jose J. ; Bracho, Alberto A.; Casso, Manuel; Castro, 
 Vicente de P.; Ceballos, J.; Cejudo. Abel; Charreton Herma- 
 nos; Diffonty, Enrique; Galnares, G.; Llamedo, Juan; Monaste- 
 rio, Bernardo; Pacbeco, Miguel; Pifia, Pedro. Foundries Ban- 
 doin y Ca.; Brandi, J. ; Bustamante, Jos6 E.; Charreton Hnos.; 
 Dantau, Luis; Duchateau, C.; Finamore y Ca.; Fusco, Antonio; 
 Tglesias y Valezzi; Malo y Ca., Alberto; Marshall y Ca. ; Munguia c 
 Hijos, P.; Neveu Hermanos; Pascuali, J. M. Furniture^ imported 
 Benac, B. ; Boker y Ca., Roberto; Boysen y Wintermantel; Bravo 
 y Blumenkron; Combaluzier, A.; Compania Comercial Austriaca- 
 'Trasatlantica; Fortune, Manuel; Hillebrand y Ca., E. ; Hoffman y 
 Urquia, A.; Kuhn, E. M. ; Laborde, Wartenweiler y Ca. ; Lohs4 y 
 Ca., Sues., G.; Rio, Jose Maria del; Sommer, Herrmann y Ca.; 
 Urrutia, Lazaro; Velasco, Carlos L. Furniture, imported and do- 
 mestic Aldana, Victor; Arteaga, Francisco; Ayllon, Fernando; 
 Barrera y Compania, Jose; Barezynski Hnos.; Benac, B.; Boy- 
 sen y Wintermantel; Calderon, Manuel; Carrillo, Cornelio; Cha- 
 varri, Juan J. de.; Chavarria, Juan B.; Fontaine, Pedro; Gar- 
 nica, Maria L. de; Grarnica, Jose M. j.Garrido, J. M. ; Gutierrez, 
 Manuela; Herrera, Gabriel; Herrera, Juan; Hoffman y Urquia 
 A.; Kuhn, E. M.; Lara, Adrian; Martinez, Gouzalo; Martinez, 
 Miguel; Mondragon, Porfiria; Olvera, Antonio; Padilla, Epifanio; 
 Palacio, Mariano; Quintana .Hermanos; Rico, Lorenzo; Rodri- 
 guez, Bias C. ; Ruiz de Garrido; Sanchez, Enrique; Urrutia, La- 
 zaro; Velasco, Carlos L. ; Villaverde, Ines; Zendejas, Placido. 
 Gas fixtures, lamps, etc. Aguirre y Hnos., I.; Bennet, Juan A.;.
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 453 
 
 Sue.; Boker y Ca., Roberto; Cejudo, Felipe; Cornpafua Commercial 
 Austriaca-Trasatlantica; Dorn, Guillermo; Finlay y Ca.; J. J.; For- 
 tuno, Manuel; Gahrtz, German; Hillebrand y Ca., E.; Izquierdo y 
 Garibay; Leff'man 6 Hijos, Martin; Lohse y Ca., Sue., G. ; Elcoro, 
 Lopez y Ca. ; Philip Max, A.; Rio, J. M. del; Roa, Eduardo; Som- 
 mer, Hermann y Ca. ; Valdes y Rufo. General merchandise 
 Aburto, Isidore; Aldama, Victor; Alfaro y Pina, Manuel; Altuna 
 Hnos.; Alonso, Ramon; Alvarez y Garcia; Alvarez, Salvador; Arena!, 
 Luis; Ballesteros, Antonia; Barcena, Manuel; Becerril, Angela; 
 Becerril, Esteban A.; Berruecos, Jose Ma.; Bustilloi, Santos; Bu- 
 tr6n, R. ; Calderon, M. Manuel; Calderon, M. Francisco; Cumpillo, 
 Rafael; Contreras, Angela S. de; Cortez, Fidencio; Diaz de Thomp- 
 son G. ; Dozal, S.; Elzaurdia, Domingo V.; Espinosa, Vicente; Es- 
 pinosa, Francisco; Fernandez, Gregorio; Franco, Ricardo; Garcia 
 Diego; Garcia, Jose; Garrido, Dionisio; Gonzalez y Ca., A.; Goni 
 Vicente; Gutierrez, Juan; Gutierrez, Julian; Guzman, Jose, Her- 
 mosa Hnos.; Irastorza Hnos.; Junco, Angel; Lopez y Ca., A.; 
 Llamas, Porn'ria; Llop, Francisco; Manilla, Vicente; Mejia, Matea; 
 Milla, G.; Milla, Mariano; Molleda y Ca., Manuel; Ocharan, Felix; 
 Orea, Constanzo; Ortiz, Juan R. ; Pedregal, Manuel; Perez, Gomez 
 Manuel; Perez, Jose; Puron, Francisco; Ramirez, Gumesindo; 
 Rivera, Antonio; Rivera, Maria; Rodrigo, IS".; Rodriguez y Ca. ; 
 Saenz, Rafael; Sanchez, Angel; Sastrias, Juan; Sordo, Vicente; Soto 
 Juan Pablo; Torno, Jose del; Uribe, Jose; Urrutia, Juan; Varela, 
 Amado; Via y Sobrado, ; Pedro; Villar, Alejo; Zapata. Jose B. ; Zal- 
 divar, Sostenes; Zavdlburo, Jose. Glass plate and mirrors Aguirre, 
 Tgnacio; Araujo, Mariano; Arnaldo, Luis G.; Azcona, Jose, Castro 
 Bern; Derflingher y Ca., A.; Dorn y Ca., G.; Jimenez, Miguel; 
 Hildebrand y Compania; Martinez, Agustin; Martinez y Compania; 
 Maya, Flor M.; Sarraille, Juan: Septien y Serrano; Wissel, N. 
 Groceries and provisions (imported'] Abascal y Perez; Alonso, 
 Vicente; Baranda Hnos.; Barreneche y Ca., S. ; Basagoiti y Posada; 
 Gutierrez y Ca., Quintin; Lavie y Ca.; Martinez del Cerro y Ca. ; 
 Noriega, Ignacio de; Noriega, A., Sue.; Ortiz Hnos., Antonio; Pon- 
 ton Hnos.; Ponton, Ram6n; Rico, Gil.; Rolla y Ca., A.; Rovalo, 
 Agustin; Sanchez, Ambrosio; Solano, Claudio; Sauto, Munuzuri y 
 Ca.; Toriello, Guerra Josej Torre Hnos.; Trueba Hnos.; Uhink 
 Hnos. y Zahn; Uhink y Ca.; Zepeda, Francisco. Preserved food
 
 454 MERCANTILE; DIRECTORY OK MEXICO. 
 
 (imported) Bazax, Justino; Coqui y Ca., F. ; Genin, Viuda de A.: 
 Gutierrez y Ca., Quintin; Mason y Fernandez; Sanchez, Ambrosio; 
 Silvani y Ca., Enrique; Uliink Hnos. y Zahn; Zepeda, Francisco. 
 Groceries and provisions, stores Aceves, Jose Maria; Aceves, Gauda- 
 lupe; Acha, Saturnine de; Aguirre, Antonio; Aja, Rosendo; Alanin, 
 Manuel; Alexandre y Cisneros; Alfaro, Rafael; Alonso, Romano; 
 Alonso, Jose Simon; Alonso y Salvador; Alvarado, Santiago; Al- 
 varez, Antonio; Alvarez y Gonzalez^ Alvarez, Santiago; Amaro, 
 Santos C.; Amaya, Luis G. ; Amezcua, Pedro; Aparicio, Enrique: 
 Aparicio y Hermano; Arce y Ca., M.; Arce, Maximino; Areno Her- 
 manos, F.; Arena, Venancio Z.; Arroyo, Manuel; Badillo, Eulalia; 
 Bahena, Irenea; Barcena, Manuel; Barcena, Victor; Barragan, 
 Gregorio; Barreda, Manuel; Barro, Juan; Benet, Jose; Beuet y Ca.; 
 Bobadilla, Arcadio: Borel, Urbano G. de; Bravo, Jose Maria; Bus- 
 tamante, Robustiano; Cabrera, Maximino; Camacho, Ricardo ; 
 Campo, Jose; Campos, Francisco; Camus, Ramon; Cardenas, An- 
 tonio; Carrandi, Pedro; Carrera, Lizardo; Caso, Juan; Castellanob, 
 Cristina; Castillo y Acevedo Hno.; Castro, Jose Maria; Castro, 
 Juan M. ; Canas, Cayetano; Cafias, Juan; Celada, Hermano; Ce- 
 lorio, Benito; Celorio, Rufino; Celorio y Diaz; Cobian, Jose; Co- 
 fino, Lucas; Crespo, Francisco; Crespo, Manuel; Crespo, Nicanor; 
 Cue, Fernando; Cue y Cornpafiia, Tomas; Diaz, Catarina; Diaz, 
 Epifanio; Diaz, Manuel S. ; Diego y Suarez; Donesteve, Ja- 
 cinto; Espinosa y Compafiia, F. ; Fernandez, D.; Fernandez r 
 (Jampillo; Fernandez, Santingo; Fernandez, Sei-atin; FJores, Leo- 
 poldo; Flores, Teh j sforo; Ferrer y Ca., Angel; Fuente y Gu- 
 tierrez; Gainza, Ronmaldo; Galarza, Maximo; Galvan, Ignacio L. ; 
 Gallegos, Antonia; Gamedo, Francisco; Gamez, Hesiquio; Garces y 
 Hno.; Garay Hermano; Garcia, Alejandro; Garcia, Alonso Jose: 
 Garcia, Ang^l; Garcia,, Antonio; Garcia, y Hno., Francisco; Garcia, 
 Leopoldo; Garcia, Manuel; Garcia y Cue; Garcia, H.; Garcia, Soi'do 
 M.; Garrido, Dionisio; Gavito y Ca., Victor; Giles, Francisco; 
 Gomez, Alfredo; Gomez, Hermano; Gomez, Tomas; Gonzalez y Ca., 
 M.; Gonzalez, Atilano; Gonzalez, Costales y Solaris; Gonzalez, 
 Felix; Gonzalez, Fernando; Gonzalez, Jose; Gonzalez, Lo|>e; Gon- 
 zales, Mariano; Gonzalez, Maximo; Gonzalez, Sanchez B.; Gonzalez, 
 Timoteo; Gonzalez, Portillo Jose; Gorostiaga Hnos.; Granada, Ma- 
 nuel; Granada, Pedro de; Gutierrez, Antonio; Gutierrez. Diego; Guti-
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 455 
 
 errez, Jacinto; Gutierrez Pelaez, Juan; Gutierrez, Severiano; Gutie- 
 rrez y Sierra; Gutierrez, Severino; Helguera, Jose Ma.; Hermosilla, 
 Eduardo; Hernandez, Antonio; Hernandez, Juana; Hernandez y 
 Rodriguez; Herrera, Cristobal; Herrera, Juan; Herrera, Rogelio: 
 Herrei-o, Manuel; Hevia, Juan; Hnerta, Emilio; Huerta, Rafael; 
 Huerta y Prieto; IbaYra, Juan; Iturriaga, Enrique; Jimenez, Miguel: 
 Junco y Sobrino; Lamadrid, Gabriel; Lechuga, Miguel; Llano, Pedro 
 del; Loidi, Gabino; Lopez, Arturo; Lopez, Froilan; Lopez, Satur- 
 nino; Lopez, Telesforo; Lopez y Sanchez; Lozano, Donato M. ; 
 Machin, Santiago; Madariaga y Peralez; Marquez, Francisco; Mar- 
 quez, Juan; Martinez, Enrique; Martinez, Felipe; Martinez, Fran- 
 cisco de P.; Martinez, Jsidra; Martinez, Manuel; Martinez, Pon- 
 ciano; Martinez y Ca. ; Mazon y Fernandez; Melgosa, Angel; Men- 
 doza, Francisco H.; Mendoza, Sobrino, Jose; Mijares, Juan; Mijares, 
 Vicente; Mondragon, Jacinto Jose; Montiel, Antonio; Morales 
 Ignacio; Morales, Lorenzo; Nareda, Antonio; Navarro, T. ; Noceda 
 y Hermano; Noriega, Joaquin; Noriega, Pablo; Noriega y Alonso: 
 Noriega y Barria) ; Novoa, Domingo; Novoa Hermanos; Olnaos, 
 Tiburcio; Oropeza, Demetrio; Oropeza y Garcia; Orraca, Jose: Ortiz, 
 Alberto; Ortiz, Faustiuo; Orue y Hermano, Angel; Pagaza, Angel; 
 Palau, Ramon; Pacheco, Tomas; Pedregal, Gumesindo N.; Pedregal, 
 Noriega M. ; Pedregal, Sanchez Pedro; Perales, Juan; Perez y Her- 
 mano, Ed?; Perez, Fernandez A.; Perez, Facundo; Perez, Fernan- 
 do; Perez, Jose; Perez y Echenique; Perez y Martinez; Pesqueira, 
 Ramon; Portilla, Ramon; Posada Hnos. y Ca. ; Posada, Juan; 
 Posada y Osorio; Posada y Pardo; Posada y Ca., Jose; Prado, Isaac; 
 Prieto, Juan; Prieto, Ramon; Puertas, Joaquin; Puertas, Pedro; 
 Puertas y Hermano, Pedro; Quintana, Benigno; Ramirez, Aristeo; 
 Ramirez, Maximiano; Rendon, Eligio: Reyes, Anselmo; Reyes, 
 Perez F. ; Reyes, Simon; Riancho, Francisco; Riego y Espana: 
 Riego y Sainz; Rio, Ramon y Manuel del; Rivera, Gaspar; Rivero, 
 Jose Maria; Rivero y Perez; Robina y Ca., J. ; Rodriguez, Dionisio: 
 Rodriguez, Francisco; Rodriguez, Rafael; Rqjo, Andres; Romano y 
 Ca., M.; Rosado, M. : Rosado, Pedro; Resales, Javier; Resales. 
 Ausencio; Rosales y Ramos, A.; Rozado, Pedro; Robina y Arenas: 
 Ruenes, Basilio; Ruiz, Hernandez; Ruiz. Ignacio; Ruiz, Luis G. ; 
 Ruiz, Romana, R. de; Ruiz, Rafael; Ruiz y Oa. ; Sainz, Julian; 
 Sainz,M. ; Sainz y Hnos. ; Sanchez, J. ; Sanchez y Ca. ; Sanchez, .1 uli.-n > ;
 
 456 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OK MEXICO. 
 
 Sanchez y Fernandez; Sanchez Hnos. y Ca. ; Sanchez y del Villar; 
 .Sanchez y Ortega; Sanchez, Leopoldo; Sanchez, Valentin; Serrano, 
 Antonio; Sicilia, J. ; Silva, Gerardo; Silva, J. Maria; Sisniega, Fer- 
 nando; Sobrino, S.; Sordo, Isidro; Sordo, Jose; Sordo, Juan; Sordo, 
 Juan S.; Sordo, Noriega Isidro; Sordo, Hnos.; Sordo y Ca., H.; 
 Sordo, Ramon H. ; Sordo, Tomas; Sosa, Leonardo; Sosa, Santiago; 
 Sotomayor, Jose G.; Soto, Vicente G. ; Sotres y Hnos. Cosme.; 
 Sotres, Jose; San Cristobal, Lucas; San Martin, Francisco; TameX 
 Miguel; Tapia, Mariano; Tapia, Vicente G. ; Torno, Francisco del; 
 Torno, Guillermo del; Torres, J.; Trueba, Andres; Trueba y Calleja; 
 Ugalde y Ca., F. R.; Urquijo y Ruiz; Drriza y Berraonda; Valdez, 
 Trinidad; Valle y Ca., F.; Valle y Velar; Vazquez y Ca., M. M. ; 
 Vazquez, Urbana; Vega y Gutierrez; Vega y Fuentes; Vega, Hal- 
 vino de la; Vegas, Juan Gutierrez; Vela y Ruisanchez; Verdeja, 
 linos.; Vergara, Galdo M. ; Vidal y Ca., M. ; Villar, Ignacio; 
 Villecla, A.; Villar, Emilio; Yai to, Isidro; Zayas de Velasco M.; 
 Zepeda, Francisco; Zorrilla, J. Fausto. Sugar, wholesale Compafiia 
 en participacion de frutos nacionales; Isidore de la Torre Hnos. 
 Xugar and liquors Rovalo A. Gunpowder Boche, Alfredo; 
 Boker y Ca., Roberto; During y Ca., M.; Philip y Ca., Max A. 
 Hardware: Brass bedsteads Bernal, Angel; Boker y Ca., Roberto; 
 Filardi, Nicolas; Fortune, Manuel; Iiiestrillas, F.; Linet, Luis; 
 Lopez Mata, Antonio; Mestas y Garro; Rio, Jose Ma. del; Salazar, 
 Bernardino; Sommer, Herrmann y Ca. Brassware Boker y Ca., 
 Roberto; Fortuno, Manuel; Lohse y Ca., Sue. G.; Philipp y Ca., 
 Max A. ; Sommer, Herrmann y Ca. Hardware, wholesale and retail 
 Aguirre Hnos., Ignacio; Boker y Ca., Roberto; Castaneda, Teles- 
 foro; Combaluzier, A.; Delarue, Eugenio; During y Ca., M.; Elcoro, 
 Lopez y Ca. ; Gahrtz, German; Lohse y Ca., Sue., G.; Rio Jos6 M. 
 del; Sommer, Hermann y Ca. Hardware, retail Agis, Alfredo; 
 Alvarez, Jose; Aniador, C. J.: Angulo, Luis; Aranda, Trinidad; 
 Bernal, Antonio; Coria de Cerezo, R. ; Diaz, Gonzalez; Fernandez, 
 Birtola; Gamper, Guillermo; Garza, Manuel; Garcia, Pedro; Garcia, 
 R. ; Gonzalez, Eduardo; Gonzalez, Paulina; Gonzalez, Rosa L.; 
 Granados, Rodrigo; Herrera, Catalina; Hijar, Francisco; Jimenez, 
 Felipe; Jimenez, Sebastian; Leite, J. Guadalupe; Lopez, Manuel; 
 Marmplejo, Ruperto; Navarro, Agustin; Olivera, J.; Ortinez, F. ; 
 Paredes, J. ; Patifio, Cecilio; Pezana, Marcial; Posadas, Luis; Ra-
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 457 
 
 mos, Luisa; Rangel, Lucio; Reyes., Nicolasa; Rodriguez, J. M.; 
 Rojas, Lauro; Resales, Pedro; Sandoval, GuLllermo; Soriano, J. R.; 
 Vazquez, Carmen; Vergara, Anastasio; Zamora, Enriqueta. Iron 
 and ironware Elcoro y Ca.. Valentin; Charreton, Hermanos; 
 Honey, Ricardo; Rio, Jose Maria del. Hats, wholesale Albert 
 y Compania, Julio, Sue.; Borel, Luis; Compania Comercial Aus- 
 triaca-Transatlantica; Horn y . Compania, A.; Zolly Hermanos. 
 Hats, wholesale and retail Dallet y Compania.; Landwehr y Me- 
 dina, Sue.; Marquez, Modesto; Pellotier y Ca., Tho.; Warnholtz 
 y Ca., Sue. ; Zolly Hermanos. Hats (for ladies) Anciaux, Teresa; 
 Bayonne, E.; Chesneau, Ana; Delafontaine, Paulina; Deuchler y 
 Kern; Fourcade y Ca., A.; Laborde, Wartenweiler y Ca.; Landwehr 
 y Medina Sue.; Martel y Sanchez; Warnholtz y Ca., Sue.; Zolly 
 Hnos. Hats, retail Alanfs, Francisco; Alfaro, Ausencio; Alfavo, 
 Pantaleon; Aparicio, Francisco S.; Beltran, Josefa; Bermudez, J. 
 C.; Blanco y Ca., Manuel B.; Buendia, Trinidad; Cacho,Camilo; Calo, 
 Donaciano; Castillo, Joaquin; Castillo, Luis F.; Davalos, J. L.; 
 Davalos, Agustin; Garduno, Felipe; Gomez y Ca., Antonio; Gomez, 
 Gabriel; Gonzalez, Agapito; Gonzalez, Victor; Hernandez, Zeferino; 
 Herrera y Ca., A.; Idrac y Ca., T. F.; Jollinez, H. Enrique; Lobato, 
 Enrique; Lopez, Amado; Mateos, Ignacio; Molino, Pablo; Perez, 
 Francisco; Perez, Trinidad; Portocarrero, Aguftin; Rangel, Abra- 
 ham: Rangel, Jose Asuncion; Rodriguez, Isaac; Romero, Jose; 
 Sanchez y Ca., V.; Serrano, Crispin; Talavera, Tomas; Talavera, 
 Francisco; Torres, Anastasio; Torres, Valeriano; Trejo y Nava; 
 Trujillo, Francisco; Urbina, Manuel; Yuren, Luis; Zaldivar, Fran- 
 cisco; Zufiiga, Severo. House furnishing goods and tinware 
 Aburto, H. ; Aschart, N.; Ballesteros, J.; Bonilla, Gil; Escandou, 
 Antonio; Torre, M. de la; Garcia, J.; Martinez, Juan; Pinto, Ma- 
 nuel; Sanchez, V.; Vazquez, Victoriano. Iron merchants Bizet, 
 Hermanos; Bourlou, Alfredo; Charreton Hnos. ; Lohse, S.; Lohse y 
 Ca., G.; Elcoi-o, Lopez y Ca.; Petherie, Juan; Rio, J. M del; Spauld- 
 ing, D. S.; Togno y Ca. Jewelry, watches and silverware: Dealers in 
 jewelry Arana, Manuel; Bittrolff, Hugo; Diener Hermanos; Jacot, 
 Alejandro; Klein, Ricardo; Lagarrigue, Luis Sue.; Lagarrigue, Luix; 
 Laue, German; Landa, Miguel R.; Llop, J. ; Muiron y Ca ; Perret, 
 Enrique; Rodriguez, E. ; Schafer, Martin; Schreiber y Ca.; Sommer, 
 E.; Van Rooten y Debroe, Sue.; White, A.; Zivy y Hauser, Sue.
 
 458 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Dealers in watches and dock's Duhart, Vicente H.; Prolongo, 
 Federico; Vazquez, Francisco; Villareal, Bernardo. Manufacturing 
 jewelers Diener Hermanos; Klein, Ricardo; Montiel, Luis; Mui- 
 ron y Ca.; Schafer, Martin; Sommer, E. ; Van Rooten y De- 
 broe, Sue.; Zivy y Hauser, Sue. Silversmiths Diener Hermanos; 
 Muiron y Ca.; Sommer, E.; Zivy y Hauser, Sue. Silverware 
 Acosta, Felix; Alvarez, Andres; Arteaga, Ciril >; Arteaga, Juan; 
 Avila, Silviano; Cacho, Benigno; Camacho, Albino; C irrillo, An- 
 tonio; Carrillo, J.; Carrillo, Guadalupe; Collado, Enrique; Cosio, 
 Alejandro; Cosio, Anselmo; Diener Hernnnos; Esparza. J. ; Gaitan, 
 Juan; Gonzalez, Paulino; Guevara, Rafael; Hernandez, Felipa; Iliza- 
 liturri, Josafa; Lopez, Jose; Llop, Fr.mcisco; Marchena, Jose F. ; 
 Martinez, Francisco; Martinez, Vicente; Montiel, Luis; Morales, J. 
 Jose; Neyra, Victor; OrJuna, Baltazar; Ponton, Antonio; Rocha, 
 Luis; Romano, Estanislao; Rodriguez, J.; Rodriguez, E-stanislao; 
 Rodriguez, Mateo; Rosellon, Ni-olas; Sanchez, Juan; Soto, J. P.; 
 Tagliabure, Pedro; Torre, Amado D. de la; Tovar, Nicanor; Vega, 
 Severo; Velasco, Jose; Villavicencio, Joaquin; Zambrano, Rosalio. 
 Watch and clock makers Arredondo, Florencio; Camargo, Alberto; 
 Cardenas, J. ; Celis, Mauricio R. de; Corchada, Luis; Davalos, Juan 
 M.; Delgado, Evaristo; Diaz, Agustin C.; Diener Hermanos; 
 Duhart, Vicente H.; Esquivel, Carlos; Farell, Enrique; Gonzalez, 
 Patricio; Klein, Ricardo; Laue, German; L5pez, Daniel; Marin, 
 Vicente; Martin, Juan; Martinez, Francisco; Medina, Manuel; 
 Montana, Angel; Moreno, Juan; Muiron y Ca. ; Pagaza, Vicente; 
 Pena y Ca., F. de la; Plata, Pedro G.; Ramirez e Hijos, Jose; Rios, 
 Manuel; Rodriguez, Estanislao; Romero, Florencio; Romero, Fran- 
 cisco de P.; Sandoval, Francisco; Smdoval, Jose; Schafer, Martin; 
 Silva, Marcial; Sommer, E.; Soto, Rafael; Valverde, J. ; Van Rooten 
 y De Broe, Sue. : Vecino, Manuel; Villanueva, Juan B.; Walkei^ 
 Jose. Lithographers Fernandez, Carlos; FJores, Juan; Gomez, Me- 
 rino y Ca.; Guerra y Valle, J.; Iriarte, Hesiquio; Montauriol, Carlos; 
 Moreau y Hno., Emilio: Murguia, Eduardo; Revuelta, Jose L. ; 
 Sainz, Ricardo; Salazar, Hipolito. Lumber dealers Baez, Anas- 
 tHsio; Cantero, M.; Cobo, Manuel; Cobo y Ca., C. ; Espinosa y Ca., 
 L.; Fabre, Mauricio; Franco, Jose; Galindez, D. ; Gonzalez, Manuel; 
 Guerrero, Ger6nimo; Hidalgo, Trinidad; Huertadel Valle, Antonio; 
 Jimenez, Adolfo J.; Meca, Nicolas de; Monterde, Luis; Ondarza y
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 459 
 
 de la Torre; Orozco, Toribio; Pdlacios y Ca., Ignacio; Final, Julio; 
 Ponce de Leon, Gil; Romero, Francisco; Sancha, Juan de la; San- 
 chez, Btrquera E. ; Trejo, Martiniana; Velazquez, Gayol y Ca.; 
 Villar, Mariano; Zetina y Ca., R. Machinery: Machinery import- 
 ers Adam, Sue., F. ; Arce y Ca., J.; Arozarena, Rafael 1 M. de; Bes- 
 serer, Carlos; Boker y Ca., Roberto; Charreton Hnos.; Combaluzier, 
 A.; Lohse, Santiago C.; Lohse y Ca. G., Sue.; Malo y Ca., Alberto; 
 Marshall y Ca. ; Phillipp y Ca., Max. A.; Read y Campbell; Rio, 
 Jose Maria del; Seeger, Guernsey y Ca. ; Sommer, Hermann y Ca. ; 
 Stankiewicz, G. M.; White, Juan. Sewing machines Alarcon, 
 Francisco; Bactneister, Julio; Boker y Ca., Roberto; Bush y Ca., 
 C. M.; Compania Manufacturer de "Singer;" Hulvershorn y Ca. G: 
 Jacot, A.; Rio, Jose Maria del; Lohse y Ca., G. Sue.; Pattoii, C. F.; 
 Sommer, Hermann y Ca. ; Uhink y Ca. Sugar Machinery Arce y Ca. 
 J.; Gahrtz, German. Meats, salted and smoked Aceves, J.A.jAgui- 
 lar, T.; Acala, G. ; Aldrete, Angel; Arceo, P.; Arcinas, J. ; Arco, 
 R. ; Becerril, G. ; Bobadilla, A.; Botilla, P.; Carmona, T.; Castelan, 
 Enrique; Castelan, Ignacio; Castellanos, A.; Castellanos, D. ; Castillo, 
 C.; Castillo, J.; Castillo, N.; Coronado, R.; Escamilla, J. ; Exiga, 
 Luis; Galvan y Cardenas, Ignacio; Gomez, R.; Gonzalez, F.; Go- 
 mar, F.; Granados, D. de flerrera; Haro, C.; Hernandez, Dolores 
 G.; Hernandez, F.; Hernandez, J.; Hernandez y Zepeda; Higa- 
 reiia, A.; Jaime, Josefa; Lopez, M. ; Marmolejo, T.; Martinez, A.; 
 Mejia, A.; Mejia, Luis; Mejia, V.; Merino, R. ; Moncayo, M.; Moii- 
 tes de Oca J. ; Navarro, M.; Ocampo, J.; Omaya, C. ; Perez, J.; Pe- 
 rez, P.; Pineda, J. ; Pineda, R.; Quintanilla, G.; Quiroz, F.; Ramirez, 
 Procopio; Ramirez, P.; Reyes, J.; Rivero,V. ; Rodriguez, A.; Robin, 
 M.; Rojas, S. ; Sanchez, S. ; Serrano y Castillo; Serrano, Pedro; To- 
 rres, Enrique; Urbina, J. ; Valadez, S.; Valdez, S.; Velis, J.; Victor, 
 R.; Villa vicencio, N. ; Zepeda, F.; Zepeda, J. Merchant tailors Ada- 
 lid, Ceron e hijos; Argumosa Hermanos; Bertezenne y Ca., E.; Best 
 y Compania; Carmona, Ildefonso; Carmona y Velazquez, J. M. ; 
 Carmona y Vilchis, V.; Cerezo y Ca.; Chauveau, Juan; Cnellar, 
 Lnmberto; Davalos, Ramon; Delbouis, J. P.; Drienhofer, J. F. . 
 Dubernard, Eugenic; Dufour y Cassasus; Echeverria, F.; Franck, 
 Amando; Franck y Ca., M. ; Gai-cia Benitez, Felix; Garcia Benitez, 
 B. ; Garcia Benitez, Tiburcio; Garibay y Ca., Ignacio; Gasco, Maxi- 
 miliano; Gonzalez, Enrique; Hernandez, Fernando; Hernandez.
 
 460 MERCANTILE DIRECTOR v OF MEXICO. 
 
 Norberto J.; Jarain, Alberto; Jimenez, Pablo; Kips, Alexis F. ; 
 La f age, Fernando; Macin, J. R.; Maire, E. ; Mariaca, Santos; Mau- 
 rel, F. ; Merino y Ca. ; Mivielle, E.; Montes cle Oca, A.; Morales, Hi- 
 ginio; Navarro, Juan de M.; Peralta, Antonio; Polack, Hipolito; 
 Ramirez, C.; Salin, Rafael; Sarre, Luis; Sevilla, Ignacio; Tovar, 
 Jose Maria; Urreiztieza, Arturo. Mexican Curiosities Spaulding, 
 D. S. ; St. Hill, C. M. ; Walz, W. G. Mi/Is: Corn mills Aguilar, For- 
 tino; Aguilar, Miguel; Arroyo, Sixto; Astiz, Antonio; Bracho, Alberto 
 A.; Caballero, J.M.; Clotas, Gervasio; Dettmer, Carlos; Garibay, Jose 
 Maria; Martinez, Serafin; v illa de Moros y Ca. Oil mills Brun, 
 Desiderio; Cortez y Herigaray; Frank, Guillermo; Garibay y Gay; 
 Gomez, Agustin; Gonzalez y Ca., Angel; Vazquez, Braulio; Ziehl y 
 Tellitu. Wheat mills Albaitero y Ai'rache; Castro, Francisco de 
 P.; Charreton Hnos.; Echenique, Jose Ma. Mineral waters Ba- 
 zax, Justino; Bourlon, Alfredo; Lastinere, B. ; Gourgues, Desormesy 
 Ca. Mining articles Gahrtz, German; Lohse y Ca., G., Sue.; 
 Philipp y Ca., Max. A. Musical instruments Bush y Ca., G. M. ; 
 Espinosa, Jose Ines; Fernandez, Mariano; Hidalgo, Manuel; 
 Nagel, H., Sue.; Onate, Jesus; Sanchez, Barquera e Hijo. 
 J.; Solano, Romulo; Wagner y Levien, A. Objects of Art 
 Hillebrand y Ca., E. ; Lohse y Ca., G., Sue.; Pellandini, Claudio; 
 Pliilipp y Ca., Max A.; Zivy y Hauler, Sue. Opticians Calpini, 
 Sue.; White, A. Paints, oils, etc. Anaya, Felix; Arevalo, Francisco: 
 Barrera, Arcadio; Barroso, Francisco; Barroso, Ismael; Boufefc, 
 Javier; Candil, Gonzalo; Canseco, Hilario; Cruz, Jose; Doizelet, Leo- 
 poldo; Espinola, Antonio; Estarrona, Juana; Garcia, Gonzalo; Gomez, 
 Lamadrid, J.; Guzman, Angel; Hernandez, Esteban M.; Martorano y 
 Ca., Antonio; Morales, Ismael; Montes de Oca, D.; Navarro, J.; 
 Pasten, Ignacio;- Pezana, Marcial; Piedra y Hnos., Marcos E.; 
 Rangel, Maximino; Hio de la Loza y Miranda; Rivas, Jacinto; Ro- 
 jas, R.; Rosa, Manuela de la; Rosell, Antonio; Rosell, Joaquin; 
 Fluiz, Francisco E. ; Ruiz, Agustin; Serna, Juana; Urrutia y Leon; 
 Urrutia, Miguel; Vallejo, P.; Velez, Bibiario; Vigueras, Agustin; 
 Vilchis, Francisco; Yanez, Refugio; Zetina, Rafael R. Paper: Blank 
 books Arquero, Ricardo; Fuente, Parres, Sue.; Lions y Ca., H. y 
 V.; Liiclert, Federico; Martin, Luis; Maza y Ca.; Quintero y Ca., 
 A.; Sainz, Ricardo. Cardboard Alvarez, Rul y Ca.; Valdes y 
 < 'ueva J.; Villa e hijos, G.; Villa y Villanueva. Importers of
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 461 
 
 paper Seeger, Guernsey y Ca. ; Trueba, Fernando tie; Trueba 
 Hermanos. Paper boxes Baez, Rafael; Barroso, Amado; Orellana 
 y Esteva. Paper manufacturers Benfield, Juan M.; Orozco, 
 Marcelino; Remirez y Ca., 1.; Sanchez Navarro, Carlos. Wall 
 paper Arnaldo, Luis G.; Brillanti y Ca.; Delarue, E.; Drogueria 
 Universal; Huguenin, C.; Rio, Jose Maiia del; Trueba Hermanos. . 
 Perfumery and toilet articles Beltran y Hermano; Claverie, P.; 
 Faiiiie y Sanders; Labadie, J., Sue. y Ca. ; Malavear, Inocencio; 
 Saint Marc, P.; Tellez y Ca., F. Petroleum Aguirre Hermanos. 
 Ignacio; Anzurez, Esteban R.; Avila, Maiia; Brun, Desiderio; Can- 
 das, Manuel; Cejudo, Felipe; Cervantes, Ponciano; Diaz, Guadalupe; 
 Diaz de Parra, Guadalupe; Duran, Angela J. V. de la; Frank. 
 Guillermo; Gomez, Agustin; Gonzalez, C. ; La Compania de Petro- 
 leo; Lopez, Manuela; Martinez, Guadalupe; Perez, Cecilio M. ; Ra- 
 mirez, Ricardo; Riva, Rafael; Rovelo, Maria; Rubaira, Pedro; San- 
 chez de Suarez, Ines; Sol is, Loreto; Urquieta, Josefina; Waters 
 Pierce Oil Co. Photographers Alvarez, J.; Calderon y Ca., An- 
 tonio; Carriedo, J.; Cruces, Antonio; Figueroa, Agustin Campa; 
 Gomez y Flores, J.; Gonzalez, Macario; Gove y North; Guerra y 
 Ca. ; Guzman, J. ; Iglesias, Francisco; Maner.o, Luis; Martinez, An- 
 dres; Maya, Jose JVL. ; Mora, O. ; Nieto y Ca., North Sac.; Sanchez, 
 Concepcion; Suarez, Guadalupe; Valleto y Ca.; Veraza, Luis; Wolfen- 
 stein, Sue. Playing cards Munguia e Hijos, P. Printing offices 
 and printing materials: Printing offices Abadiano, Viuda e Hijos 
 de; Aguilar e Hijos; Agueros, Victoriano; Barbedillo, Jose J.; 
 Bouligny y Ca. Sue.; Butler, Juan W.; Cabrera, Daniel; Casas y Ca. ; 
 Castillo, J. V.; Corona, M.; Correa, Jos6; Cortina, V. M.; Cum. 
 plido, I., Sue.; Diaz de Leon, Francisco; Dublan y Ca., E.; Dufez, 
 E.; Escalante, Ignacio; Esteva, Gonzalo A. ; Fusco, Federico M.; 
 Garcia, Torres Y.; Gonzalez Murua, P.; Guerra y Valle, Joaquin; 
 Gutierrez y Ca., S.; Haegeli, Eaiilo; Hargrove, R. K.; Hoeck, E. P.; 
 Imprenta del Gobierno Federal; Imprenta de "El Combate;" 
 Imprenta del "Circulo Catolico;" Imprenta de "La Escuela Corre- 
 cional de Artes y Oficios;" Imprenta del " Trait d' Union;" Imprenta 
 de "El Partido Liberal;" Jens, J. F ; Lagarza, Juan; Lara, Mariano; 
 L6pez y Ca., A.; Lopez y Ca., Alfonso E.; L6pez, Jose; Lugo, 
 Francisco; Mata, Filomeno; Murguia, E. ; MurguTa, L.; Nava, 
 L. ; Oficina tipografica de la Sectaria de Fomento; Orozco, Epi-
 
 462 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 fanio D. ; Ortiz, Monasterio Angel; Parres y Ca., F. Sue.; Paz, Car- 
 los; Paz, Ireneo; Salazar, Daniel R. ; Smith, David C.; Soni, F. 
 A.; Soto, Gabriel; Steelraan, A. J.; Terra zas, Jose J. ; Trigueros, 
 C.; Vanegas y Arroyo, Antonio; Veraza, Guillermo; Villagran, 
 FYancisco; Villanueva, Atanasio; Velasco, J.; Reyes; Zuniga, 
 Petra. Printing and lithographing inks Diaz de Leon, Fran- 
 cisco; Seeger, Guernsey y Ca. ; Trueba Hermanos; Zaccarini y 
 Ca., A. Type, presses, etc. Bustamente, Jos6 E. ; Lohse y Ca., 
 G., Sue.; Munguia e Hijos, P.; Seeger, Guernsey y Ca.; Som- 
 raer, Herrmann y Ca. Rubber stamps Dael, Federico; Fouard, 
 Juan; Galariz, Antonio H.; Mosser, Luis; Pastrana, Guillermo R.; 
 Robertson, F. E. Saddlers Aguilar, Mariano; Alvarado, Santiago; 
 Alvarez, Mariano; Avila, Jose; Ballesteros, Juan; Castro, Antonio; 
 Dominguez, Marciano; Garay, Vicente; Gonzalez, J. T. ; Gros, 
 Emile; Guerrero, Ramon; Jimenez, Esteban; Lessaiice, A.; Lozano, 
 David; Ortiz, Clemente; Ortiz, Juan R.; Perez, Casimiro; Reyes, 
 Pedro; Ruiz, Manuel; Vasquez, Luis. Scientific and surgical in- 
 struments Andrade y Soriano; Biorklund y Jorranson, A.; Busti- 
 llos, Evaristo; Calpini, Sue.; Felix, Carlos; Henning, Jorge; Joran- 
 sson, Carlos; Leiter, C., Sue.; Lohse y Ca., G., Sue.; Philip, Max.; 
 Taussaint y Ca. Ship chandlers Enriquez, J. ; Lozano, Vicente; 
 Villagra, Teodosio. Shoemakers' supplies Brebm y Ca. , Sue.; 
 " Compania Comercial Austriaca-Transatlantica;" Horn y Ca., A. 
 Schmidt y Bourjau; Schultze y Ca., Sue. Tinware Aburto, Felix; 
 Alvarez, J.; Anaya, Trinidad; Ayala, Juan; Badillo, D.; Barros, 
 Lauio; Belmont, Ignacio; Bernal, Angel; Blancas, Manuel; Caba- 
 llero, Manuel; Castillo, Jose; Chavez, Antonio; Cherlin, Luis; 
 Olavel, Leandro; Cordoba, Margarito; Diaz, Mariano; Dominguez, 
 N.; Espinosa, E. ; Espinosa, Ponciano; Flores, Agustin, 
 Flores, Pedro; Fuentes, Pedro; Garcia, Abraham; Garcia, Ma- 
 eario; Garduno, J. M.; Garduno, Manuel; Gomez, Pablo; Gomez, 
 Tomas; Hidalgo, Faustino; Iglesias, Manuel; Iglesias, Miguel; Jime- 
 nez, Lucas; Jimenez, Felipe; Legorreta, Bias; Lozano, Andres; Ma- 
 garino, Manuel; Marquez, Mariano; Morales, Sixto; Muro, Domingo; 
 Novao, Micaela; NufSez, Vicente; Olarte, Pedro; Ortiz, Francisco; 
 Parra, Eduardo; Quesadas, Antonio; Quesadas, Juan; Revilla, Ar- 
 cadio; Ruiz, Bartolo; Rujano, J. A.; Salgado, Silverio; Sanchez, 
 Vidal; Santa Maria, Manuel; Silva; Julian; Sotelo, Trinidad; Torre,
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 463 
 
 Roman de la; Torre, Jose R. de la; Torres, Juan; Valdez, Francisco; 
 Vazquez, Adalberto; Velasco, Florencio. Tombstones Backus, 
 Brisbin y Ca.; Cherubini, Angel; Marcili, C. S. ; Masselin, A.; Tan- 
 gassi, Francisco; (Jrrutia, L. Toys Calvet, Victor; Cordova, 
 Agustin; Cosio, Juan; Cotera, Merced; Cuellar, Antonia; Duverdun, 
 C.; Entiquez, Guadalupe; Gomez, Isabel; Jurado de Acala, Elena; 
 Larre, Pedro; Pivardiere, Adolfo; Reynaud, E. ; Rivero, Luis; San- 
 doval, Miguel; Velazquez de Leon, Margarita. Travelers' out/its 
 Boker y Com pan fa, Roberto; Combaluzier, A.; Franck y Com- 
 pania, M.; Lohse y Coinpafua, G., Sue.; Philipp y Compania, 
 Max A. Umbrellas Bouras, Pablo; Gambu, Adolfo; Guerin y Ca. ; 
 Hoppenstedt y -Ca., T.; Lagrave, P.; Lefebvre, A.; Logero, G. 
 Undertakers Ascorbe y Ca. ; Carmona y Ca., J.; Gayosso y Ca.; 
 Mocte.zuma, G. ; Trevifio, M. Wine merchants, importers Castello, 
 Gutierrez y Ca.; Consonno, Julio; Genin, Viuda de A.; Gutierrez y 
 Ca., Quintin; Mancina Hnos. ; Morales Manso, Alberto; Repetto, 
 Juan; Rigal, Lubet y Ca. ; Rolla y Ca., A.; Sanchez, Ambrosio; 
 Sauto, Munuzuri y Ca.; Uhink y Ca.; Uhink Hnos. y Zahn; Zepeda, 
 Francisco. Wine and liquor distillers Alegre, Julian; Boeuf, 
 Francisco; Durant, Joaquin; Fonts, Martin; Garcia, Alejo; Garduno, 
 Miguel; Gavino, Salvador; Gutierrez y Ca., Prudencio; Laville J. 
 P.; Leriche, Carlos; Rafols, Fernando; Tardos y Ca., Julio; Vidal y 
 Ca., Pablo; Xicluna, Jorge. Wood and coal Ayala, Perez, Viuda 
 4 Hijos de; Carnpillo, Mdrcos; Espinosa, Eustaquio; Guerra, Anto- 
 nio; Guerra y Arechavala; Lomas, Domingo; Mora de Arroyo, Ig- 
 nacia; Noriega, R. ; Ortiz, Diego; Rodriguez, Jose; Roldan, i. Jose; 
 Silva y Ca., Jose. Woods (hard woods and mahogany) Baez, Anas- 
 tasio; Cantero, M.; Cobo, Cesareo y Ca.; Cobos, Manuel; Fabre, M.; 
 Franco, Jose; Galindez, Diego; Gonzalez, Manuel; Guerrero, 
 Geronimo; Hidalgo, Trinidad; Huerta. Antonio; Jimenez, Adolfo 
 J. ; Meca, Nicolas; Monterde, Luis; Ondarza y de la Torre; Orozco^ 
 Toribio; Palacios y Ca., Jgnacio; Pinal, Julio; Ponce de Leon, Gil; 
 Romero, Francisco; Sancha, Juan de la; Sanchez, Barquera E. J 
 Trejo, Martiniana; V(|llar, Mariano; Zetina, R. Wood dealers 
 Dehesa, Esteban; Fuentes, Guillermo; Lopez, Isidro; Picaza, 
 Petronilo. 
 
 MONTEREY (State of Nuevo Leon) Agents for imported good a 
 Garcia, David; Garcia, Ignacio de; Palacio, Federico; Piazzini,
 
 464 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MKXICO. 
 
 Carlos. Agricultural implements Dressel, Rodolfo; Langstroh 
 Sucesores; Piazzini, Carlos. Arms and ammunitions Dressel, 
 Rodolfo; Freese, Luis K.; Langstroh Sucesores. Bankers Armen- 
 dais, Francisco; Hoick y Ca.; Martinez, Francisco; Milrao, Patricio; 
 Rivero, Valentin; Wells, Fargo y Ca. Banks Sucursal del Banco 
 Nacional Mexicano; Sucursal del Banco de Londres y Mexico. 
 Booksellers and stationers Garcia, Leopoldo; Lagrange y Ca.; 
 Lozano, Desiderio; Elizondo, Manuel; Martinez, Francisco A. 
 Boots and shoes Gonzalez, Juan B.; Menchuca, Tomas; Nunez, 
 Estanislao; Ortiz, Tomas; Ramos, Merced; Rosas, Fidel. China 
 and glassware Ancira, Hermanos; Dressel y Ca. ; Langstroh 
 Sucesores; Rico, Leandro; Rios, Francisco. Commission merchant* 
 Cantiu, Francisco L.; Garcia, Bernardo; Garcia, Ignacio; Garza, 
 Margarito; Guerra, David; Guzman, Juan B. ; Oliver, Francisco; 
 Palacios, Federico; Westrucht, Oscar. Drugs Ancira, Hermanos; 
 Bremer y Ca. ; Garza Cantiu, Francisco; Iglesias, Tomas; Martinez, 
 Domingo; Martinez,Melesio; Mears,Juan H.;Pilar,Justo del; Saldano, 
 Ignacio; Sepulveda, Lorenzo; Trevifio, Jesus H.; Villareal, Mauro; 
 Zambrano, Santiago. Dry goods and notions Daudet y Ca., 
 Patricio O.; Fox, Joaquin; Garcia e Hijos, Mariano; Hernandez, 
 Sucesores; Martinez, Jesus Maria; Martinez Cardenas y Hermano; 
 Maurtl y Cottier; Morales y Quiroz; Quiroz y Hermanos. Ricardo; 
 Ricaud y Ca., C.; Velarde y Ca. Furniture Calderon, Sues., Jose, 
 Daudet y Ca., Patricio O.; Dressel, Rodolfo; Langstroh. Sucesores. 
 Groceries and provisions Armendais, Francisco; Berardi y Ca., 
 Reynaldo; Bortoni y Ca., Graciano; Calderon, J. ; Calzada, Euti- 
 inio; Cantir, Francisco L.; Elizondo, Felix; Elizondo Garcia, 
 Gregorio; Garcia, Bernardino; Garcia, Ignacio; Garcia, Praxedis; 
 Garzon, Margarito; Gonzalez Ramirez, Procopio; Guerra, David; 
 Guzman, Juan G.; Hoick y Ca., .C.; Maiz y Ca., Pedro; Marty, 
 Vicente; Olivier, Francisco; Paras, Jose Maria; Rivero, Valentin; 
 Zainbrano, Orofre. Hat stores Ancira, Jose; Armendais, Fran- 
 cisco; Gonzalez, Eugenio; Hesselbart, Carlos; Maiz, Pedro; Padilla, 
 Anacleto. Hardware A3'ala, Viuda de; Vessel, Rodolfo; Lam- 
 berton, Pedro; Langstroh Sucesores; Reyes, Jose; Rios, David. 
 Jewelers Ayala, Viuda de; Enweiss, A.'M.; Humphrey Hermanos; 
 Macias, Apolinar; Margain, Francisco. Lithographers La- 
 grange y Ca.; Martinez Hermanos. Wine merchants Arredondo, 
 Arcadio; Herrera, Jesus; Leal,. Francisco; Rodriguez, Pedro.
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 465 
 
 MANZANILLO (State of Colima) Agricultural implements .Ruiz, 
 Ponciano. Boots and shoes Ruelas, Serapio. Commission mer- 
 chants Ruiz, Ponciano; Seuthe, Othori. Drugs Ochoa, A.; 
 Ruiz, P. Dry goods Padilla, Teodoro; Ruiz, Ponciano; Solorzano, 
 Fernando. Furniture Cardenas, O. Groceries and provisions 
 Padilla, Teodoro; Ruiz, Ponciano; Seuthe, Othon. Merchants 
 Corona, Agustin; Gregor, Vicente; Ochoa, Adalberto; Ochoa, Luis; 
 Ruiz, Ponciano; Solorzano, Juan. 
 
 MORELIA (State of Michoacan) Agricultural implements See- 
 ger, Guernsey y Ca. ; Wolburg, Gerardo S. Arms and ammunition 
 Aguirre y Achotegui. Bankers Basagoiti y Ca., J. ; Gravenhorst, 
 Gustavo, J.; Solorzano, M. M. Banks Banco de Londres y Mexi- 
 co; Sncursal del Banco Nacional. Booksellers and stationers 
 Aguirre y Achotegui; Guerrero, Placido; Velazquez, J. Boots and 
 shoes Cornejo, Miguel; Huarte, Joaquin; Oseguera, Francisco. 
 China, crockery and glassware Morera, Victor J.; Oseguera, Epi- 
 fanio. Commission merchants Carbonel, Antonio; Elizarraras, 
 Rafael; Guerrero, L. Campuzano; Lozano, Manuel; Ruiz, Nemesio; 
 Samano, Luis G. ; Seeger, Guernsey y Ca. ; Vega, Ramon; Velas- 
 quez^.; Velez, Jose. Drugs Argandar, Ricardo; Burgos, Merando 
 Cervantes, Andres; Elizarraras, Rafael; Franco, Ignacio; Gonzalez An- 
 tonio; Gonzalez, Ciriaco; Gutierrez, Miguel; Huacuja, Lamberto; Lo- 
 pez,Ezequiel; Martinez, Silviano; Mier, Atanasio; Montano, Manuel; 
 Mufioz, Hermanos; Montenegro, Manuel Oviedo; Ortiz, Nicanor; 
 Ortiz y Cano, Miguel; Padilla, Genaro; Parra, Enrique; Vallejo, 
 Juan. Dry goods, notions, etc. Alba, F. G.; Audiffred Hnos.; 
 Bose, Garcin y Hermanos; Carbonel, Antonio; Castaneda y Ca. ; 
 Cortes y Ca., T.; Infante, Jose M. ; Infante, Pelot y Ca.; Quiroz, 
 Pedro; Ramirez, Ramon; Ruiz, Nemesio; Sauve Hnos., Francart: 
 Villagomez, M. Fancy goods Burgos, Antonio; Calderon, Sacra- 
 mento S. ; Guerrero, P.; Vega, Nicolas; Wolburg, Gerardo S. 
 Furniture Gutierrez, Evaristo; Velez, Juan. Groceries a^d provis- 
 ions Basagoiti y Ca., J.; Flores, Juan; Gonzalez, Manuel; Iz- 
 quierdo J.; Martinez, Ignacio; Oseguera, Epifanio; Ramirez, Ramon; 
 Torres y Gil. Hardware, cutlery and tools Aguirre y Ach6tegui; 
 Burgo y Ca ; Guerrero. Placido; Martinez, Loreto; Oseguera, Epi- 
 fanio; Ponce de Leon, J.; Rangel, Juan; Wolburg, Gerardo S. 
 Hatters Diaz, Francisco; Monge y Rodriguez; Pellotier y Ca., T. 
 
 29
 
 466 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Hides and leathers Brena, Ausencio; Garcia, Antonio; Ibarrola, 
 Jose M.; Ortiz, Nicolas; Sanchez, Agustin; Topio, Ignacio. Jew- 
 elry, watches and silverware Goyzueta, Felix; Humbert, 
 Onesimo; Marquez, Antonio; Ramirez, Mariano; Trautz, Fe- 
 derico. Lithographers Imprenta de la Escuela de Artes. Paints, 
 oils, etc Mier, A. Photographers Bocanegra, Rodolfo; Gutierrez 
 y Ca. ; Manriquez, R.; Torres Hnos. Pianos and organs Alba, 
 Felix; Cardenas, Manuel; Espinosa, Mucio; Estrada, Joaquin; 
 Gomez, Alberto; Lozano, Manuel; Novoa, Jose Maria; Ramirez, 
 Ramon; Reynoso, Ignacio. Saddlery and harness Navarrete, 
 Francisco; Rivera, Apolonio. Sewing machines Alzua, Manuel 
 Oviedo. Undertaker Velez, Juan. 
 
 NUEVO LAREDO (State of Tamaulipas) Banks and Hankers 
 Bel' I en y Hermano, F. ; Hoick y Ca., C.; Larralde y Hermanos; 
 Milmo, Patricio; O'Conor. Tomas; Sncuisal del Banco Nacional. 
 Booksellers and stationers Cueva y Hermano, A. Commission 
 merchants B-lden y Hermano, F. ; Erhard, Antonio M ; Garcia, 
 Agapito A.; Hernandez, Juan; Hoick y Ca., C. ; O'Conor, Tomas; 
 Ro Irig'iez Manuel; Serna, R-ifael. Drags Dupoyet, Teodoro; 
 Theriot, A. F. ; Trevino, Sebastian. Dry goods Diamond, Miguel; 
 Hirscli, Mauricio; Larralde y Herraanos; Mendiiichaga, Tomas; 
 Morris y Ca., E. Groceries and provisions Ancira y Hermano, 
 Jacobo; Lozano, Eduardo; Montegui, VV.; Rigal, Pedro; Rosenthal 
 y Hermano. Hardware, etc. Montegui, W. Hats Ancira y 
 Hermano, Jacobo. Printers Cueva y Hermano, A. Sewing ma- 
 chines Cardenas, Santiago; Cueva y Hermano, A. ; Joseph Julio. 
 
 OAXACA (State of Oaxaca) Agricultural implements Philipp y 
 Ca., Max. A.; Stein y Ca., Gustavo. Banks and bankers Barren- 
 quy, P. L. ; Richards, Constantino; Sucursal del Banco Nacional; 
 Stein y Ca., Gustavo; Zorrilla y Ca., Jose. Booksellers and station- 
 ers Campo, L. F. del; Peralta, M.; San German, Lorenzo. Boots 
 and shoes Cuervo y Ca.; Nunez, Mantu-1; Ruiz Herma-nos. Car- 
 riages Almovejo, A.; Rivera, M. Commission merchants Ba- 
 rrenqny, L.; Barriga, Francisco; Bravo, Juan T.; Castro, Jose M.; 
 Cruz, Santiago; Falcon, Antonio; Guerrero, Jose; Mateos, M.; 
 Miillt-r, Ecluardo; Prado, Antonio; Stein y Ca., Gustavo; Zorrilla y 
 Ca., Jose. China and glassware Frieben Hei manos, Sue. ; Hein- 
 richs y Ca., Enrique; Philipp y Ca., Max A. Drugs Alvarez, J.
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OP MEXICO. 467 
 
 A.; Bolanos, Ramon; Bustamante, Pedro; Carbo, Sucesor de; 
 Eresarte, M.; Pena, G. ; Ruiz, Pomposo; Santaella, Amado; Tolls 
 y Renero. Dry goods Contreras, M. T.; Gay, G. ; Heinrichs y Ca., 
 Enrique; Larranaga, Jose; Laugier, L.; Peralta, Manuel; Quijano 
 y Ca., F. ; Reguera, L. P. Fancy goods Heinrichs y Ca., Enrique; 
 Frieben Herraanos, Sue.; Philipp y Ca., Max A.; San Q cman, 
 Lorenzo. Groceries and provisions Allende y Sobrino, Manuel; 
 Quijano, Francisco G.; Stein y Ca., Gustavo. Hardware Esperon, 
 M.; Frieben Hermanos, Sue.; Heinrichs y Ca., Enrique; Philipp y 
 Ca., Max A.; San German, Lorenzo. Importers and exporters 
 Allende y Sobrino; Barriga e Hijo; Esperon, Gabriel; Figueroa, Ig- 
 nacio; Moya, Luis; Quijano y Ca. ; Pena, Juan Cobo de la; Rich- 
 ards, C. ; Stein y Ca., Gustavo; Trapaga, Juan; Uriarte, Francisco; 
 Wiecher y Ca.; Zorilla y Ca., Jose. Iron and ironware Barriga, 
 Francisco; Quijano y Ca. Jewelery Serivante, Luis. Lithographer 
 Santa Ana, J. Manufacturer brass and iron bedsteads Mellado, 
 Cueto J. Music store Heinrichs y Ca., Enrique. Paints and oils 
 San German, Lorenzo; Zolis, Camilo. Sewing machines rie- 
 ben Hermanos, Sue. Silk goods Gallardo, V. ; Ibaiiez y Ca., R. 
 
 ORIZABA (State of Veracruz) Agricultural implements Carrillo, 
 Borrego y Ca.; Vivanco, Angel. Arms and ammunition Espi- 
 nosa, Jose; Limos, Primitive; Lopez, Justo; Rufier, Juan B. 
 Banks and bankers Mazon Hnos. (agents "Banco Nacional"); 
 Torre y Ca., Sue (agents "Banco de Londres y Mexico"). Book- 
 sellers Aguilar, Memloza y Ca. Boots and shoes Camiro, Anas- 
 tasio; Cruz, Francisco; Gaetan, Cipriano; Gaston, Francisco; Jime- 
 nez, Crescencio; Munoz, Francisco; Ramirez, Vicente; Ramos, 
 Guadalupe; Saldano, Jose de J. Chemicals and acids Trujillo, 
 Samuel. China and glassware Carrillo, Borrego y Ca. ; Lignon y 
 Ca. Commission merchants (sale by sample) Bermudez, Conrado; 
 Cuadra, J. Guadalupe; Lopez, Sebastian; Marquez, B^las; Torres, 
 Jose M.; Soto, Facundo. Commission merchants Berea flerma- 
 nos; Espinosa, Diego; Eulogio, V.; Gomez, Tiburcio; Laredo, Jose 
 M. ; Lastre, Jose Mena; Llera, Justino; Minvielle, Juan; Peralta y 
 Guevara; Regoyos, Julian; Roman, Vicente; Segura, Ricardo; Soto, 
 Facundo; Verea, Adolfo. Dealers in hides Brando, Juan; Cerilla, 
 E.; Mercadanti, Juan; Teilhe, FrAncisco. Drugs Anaud, Viuda de; 
 Bustamante, A. ; Bustamante, Jos M. ; Bustillos, J. E. ; Carrillo,
 
 468 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Cartabuena Joaquin; Diaz, Juan; Espinosa, y Oa., Jose; Izaguirre, 
 J. Manuel; Mendizabal y Oabresto. Miguel; Portas, Rafael; Rincon, 
 Jose; Sanchez, Lorenzo; Talavera, Ismael; Valverde, J. Manuel. 
 Dry goods and notions Alonso, Felipe; Amado, Pedro; Bringas, 
 Diego; Bustillo, S.; Cuesta, Fernandez; Cuesta, Jose Fernandez; 
 Escudero, Enrique; Flores, Viuda de; Fondevila y Ca., Jose; Garra- 
 gori, P.; Gomez, Luz; Gross, Teofilo; Islas, Rafael; Mazon Hnos. ; 
 Rogna, Ricardo; Sigori y Ca. ; Soto, Gomez; Ureta, Marcos; Ureta, 
 Rufino; Villa y Aresti, Sotero; Vivanco, Esteban; Vivanco, Dio- 
 nisio. Engravers Morgado, Vicente: Zenon, J. Fancy goods 
 Alonso, Felipe; Bello y Ca., F. J. ; Carrillo Hnos.; Fernandez, 
 Casto; Guerrero, Josef a Acosta de; Liguori y Ca., Francisco; Rojina 
 y Ca. Flotir mills Flores, Francisco; Guevara, Luis; Guevara, N.; 
 Mesa, Luis; Sanz, Jose; Sofco, Francisco; Soto, Dolores S. de; Soto, 
 Isidore; Soto, Severino de la; Torre y Ca.. Sue. Furniture 
 Grosse, Teofilo; Lienert, Eduardo. General merchandise Argu- 
 medo, Carlos; Baturoni, Ramon; Bravo, Jos6; Cross y Ca., Castillo; 
 Espinosa, Diego; Mendizabal,- N.; Morillo, Agustin; Naredo, Jos6 
 M.; Pimentel, Ramon; Penasco, J. M., Rodriguez, Manuel; Soto, 
 Facundo; Tejada, Ambrosio; Valverde, Ramon; Victorino, Eulogio. 
 Groceries and provisions Aguerrela, Jose; Aguilar, Pascual; Alva- 
 rado, Tomas; Alvarez, Agustin; Andrade, Jose; Arreguin, Primi- 
 tive; Baldivia, Ignacio; Campos, Francisco; Castillo, Timotea; Do- 
 minguez, Jos6; Espinola, Maximo; Garces, Jose M.; Garcia, Ramon; 
 Gomez Cortes, Ismael; Hernandez, Lucio; Hernandez, Prudencio; 
 Hernandez, Tiburcio; Ibarra, Joaquin; Jimenez, Antonio; Lopez, 
 Pedro; Merodio, Pedro Diaz; Peralta, A.; Porras, Julian; Riquelme, 
 Pedro; Rivera, Basilio; Rivera, Sabino; Rojino y Ca., Arcadio; Ro- 
 jino y Ca., Ricardo; Rodriguez, Plutarco; Romero, Joaquin; Saldana, 
 Joaquin; Tejeda, Manuel; Tentones y Ca.; Toledano, Angel; Valdi- 
 via, Ignacio 1 ; Vivanco, Antonio; Tello, Francisco T. Hardware 
 Avila, Jose M.; Bello y Ca., F. J.; Blanco, Bonifacio; Brando, 
 Juan; Carmona, Patricio; Carrillo, Hnos.; Islas, Rafael; Liguori y 
 Ca. , Francisco; Lopez, Epitacio; Mercadanti, Juan; Merino, Ra- 
 fael; Menchaca, Juan; Ojeda, Encarnacion; Perez, Felipe; Teilhe, 
 Francisco; Vega, Jose Sanchez. Hatters Beltran, Jose; Camarillo, 
 Francisco. House furnishing goods Buendia, Luis; Marion, Abra- 
 ham; Rosete, Amado. Iron and ironware Carrillo, Borrego y Ca.;
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 469 
 
 Liguori y Ca., Francisco. Lithographer Gonzalez, Juan O. Lum- 
 ber dealers Castillo, Antonio; Cortez, Maria Guadalupe; Marmol, 
 Fabian del. Machinery Fougeras, Pedro; Grosse, Teofilo; Her- 
 nandez, Miguel; Liguori y Ca., F. ; Pimentel, L.; Vivanco y Estevez. 
 Merchants, wholesale (general merchandise) Aguilar, Juan; Barranco? 
 Gabriel; Camarillo y Tellez; Fernandez, Castro; Jaramillo, Ismael; 
 Mazon Hermanos; So to, Isidoro; Vitorero, E. Music store Oro- 
 peza, Alfredo. Paper Escandon e hijos, Guadalupe A. de. Pho- 
 tographers Castillo, Manuel; Diaz, Lucio. Printing offices 
 Aguilar, Juan C.; Franck, Pablo; Gonzalez, Juan; Rosete, Marga- 
 rita. Saddlery and harness- Cerrillo, Miguel; Cueto, Ignacioj 
 Martinez, Antonio; Perez, Manuel; Solis, Anastasio. Sewing- 
 machines Islas, Ruperto. Sugar merchants Bringas, Jose 
 Maria; Gargollo y Parra; Guevara, M. Undertaker Grosse, Teo- 
 filo. Watches and jewelry Aranjo, Andres A.; Mayor, Jos6 
 Maria; Palacios, Felix. 
 
 PACHUCA (State of Hidalgo) Agricultural implements Alvarez, 
 Jose Reyes; Guridi y Giese; Maquivar y Ca. Bankers Aguirre, 
 Trinidad; Duarte y Ca., Julian Perez; Gomez, Adalberto; Jari ? 
 Jaime; Landero y Ca., J. de; Wells, Fargo & Co. Booksellers 
 Pastrana, Evaristo; El Instituto Literario; Zuverano, Jose. Boots 
 and shoes Badillo, Carmona de; Castelazo, Conrado; Corchado, Gu- 
 mesindo; Garcia, Lorenzo; Garcia, Vicente; Guzman, Gertrudis; 
 Hermosillo, Crisanta de; Hidalgo, S. de; Maldonado, Antonio; 
 Maldonado, Pablo; Muges, Trinidad; Ponce, Vicente; Rodriguez, 
 Antonio; Soto, Librado; Zendejas, Pedro; Zepeda, Sostenes. China 
 and glassware Kahn y Hermanos, Felix. Commission mer- 
 chants Duarte y Ca., J. Perez; Hernandez, Alejandro (sale by 
 sample). Drug stores Contreras, Angel; Corral y Navarro; Gue- 
 rBero, Felipe; Lescalle, Fernando; Moreno, Norberto; Montenegro, 
 Jose. Dry goods and notions Alfaro, Ramon; Bloch, Maurice; 
 Bonavit Hnos.; Escudero, Fernando; Escudero hijo y Ca., Fernando; 
 Garcia, Alejandro; Gutierrez, Francisco; Julian Hermanos; Lambert 
 y Gamier; Mercheyer Hermanos; Sangier y Ca., Dry goods 
 (cloths and tailoring) Aguilar, Mariano; Castro, Jose Martinez; 
 Chavarria, Valentin; Escudero, Fernando; Gonzalez, Antonio; Im- 
 bert y Mauriso; Langier, Juan; Mecheyer HermanOs. Fancy goods 
 Bonavit Hermanos; Cacho y Ca. ; "El Bazar;" Guridi'y Giese;
 
 470 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Marquivar y Ca. Flour merchants Garcia, Albino; Hernandez, 
 Albino; Leon, Refugio. Furniture Guerrero, J.; Hernandez, 
 Felix L.; Hen-era, Felix; Rivera, Gregorio. Groceries and provis- 
 ions Alvarez, Reyes; Boule, Viuda de Antonio; Cacho y Ca., 
 Francisco; Cravioto, Manuel; Estrada, Felipe; Gonzalez, Angel; 
 Gonzalez y Ca., J. Sue.; Marquivar y Ca.; Tafolla, Antonio; Ur- 
 quijo, Gabriel. Hardware Guridi y Giese; Islas, \ r icente lynacio; 
 Marquivar y Ca. Hatters Lira, Miguel; Vargas, Juan. Jewelers 
 and watchmakers Andrade, Aurelia; Bonavit Hnos.; Cervantes, 
 Luis; Gonzalez, Fernandez; Kahn Hermanos, Felix; Pefia, Fran- 
 cisco; Reina, Vidal; Soria, Julian. Lithographer Camacho, Re- 
 Rigio. Lumber merchants Diaz, Rodriguez; Hidalgo, Mateo; Ro- 
 sales, Francisco. Paints and oils Garnica, Carlos P.; Islas, 
 Ignacio; Nava, Justo Pastor; Robles, Antonio; Seguri, Luis. 
 Pianos, organs, etc. Aguillar, I.; Montenegro, I.; Rodriguez, M. 
 Printing offices Camacho, Refugio; Imprenta del Gobierao; Im- 
 prenta Econ6raica; Pasco, Guillermo. Saddlery and harness 
 Carpintero, Roman; Espinola, Refugio; Lopez, Luis. Sewing ma- 
 chines Kahn Hermanos, Felix. 
 
 PARRAS (State of Coahuila) Agricultural implements Konig, 
 Guillermo (viuda de); Sieber y Ca., C. Bankers Behr, Juan; 
 Madero y Ca., Manuel; Misa, Gonzalez; Yarto, Jose. Boots and 
 shoes Charles y Hermano, M.; Garcia, Anastasio; Talavera, Juan; 
 Carriage dealers Olvera y Hermano. Commission merchant 
 Behr, Juan. Drugs Aguirre, Pedro; Martinez, Alfonso; Maynes, 
 Eduardo; Konig, Guillermo (viuda de). Dry goods Adanie, 
 Porfirio; Chapman, Fernando; Martinez, Martin; Misa, Jos Gon- 
 zalez. Fancy goods Behr, Juan; Konig, Guillermo (viuda de); 
 Maynez y Ca.; Sieber y Ca., C. Furniture Sieber y Ca., C. 
 Groceries and provisions Behr, Juan; Chapman, Fernando; 
 Martinez, Martin; Misa, Jose Gonzalez; Rojo, Remigio; Ruiz, 
 Ernesto. Joint stock company De Velasco y Ca , Ruiz. Matters 
 Behr, Juan; Misa, Jose Gonzalez; Martinez, Martin. Hardware 
 Behr, Juan; Konig, Guillermo (viuda de); Sieber y Ca., C. Music 
 stores Behr, Juan; Prince de Maynez, Margarita. Sewing ma- 
 chines Behr, Juan; Konig, Guillermo (viuda de). 
 
 PROGRESO (State of Yucatan) Banker Haro y Ca. Boots and 
 shoes Aguilar, Donate. Commissionmerchants Aceveclo, J . ; An-
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 471 
 
 cona. N. ; Barrera y Sandoval; Canton , Francisco ; Diego y Ca. , A. ; Cano, 
 Luis, F.; Marin, Nicoliy Ca.; Mena, Daniel P.; Novelo y Ca. ; Regil 
 7 Vales. Drugs Capetillo, Pedro; Marin, Rafael Perez. Gro- 
 ceries and provisions Acevedo, Justo; Barrera, Alejandro; Ba- 
 rrera y Sandoval; Marin, Nicoli y Ca.; Molina y Ca., O. ; Novelo y 
 Ca., Luis F.; Ramos, Leon; Rivas Hnos; Sabido, Ignacio; Sierra, 
 Clemente. Importer of fancy goods, furniture, etc. Crasemann, 
 Sue., J. Printing office Moreno, Domingo Canton. 
 
 PUEBLA (State of Puebla) Acids and chemicals Ibafiez y La- 
 marque; Mena, Manuel. Agricultural implements Acedo e Hijos; 
 Sommer, Herrmann y Ca.; Sumner y Compa., John M. ; Valdez, 
 Dario. Arms and ammunition Centurion, Manuel; Donaciano 
 Leon; Donaciano, Ruiz; Dorenberg y Ca., J.; Glockner y Ca. ; Mo- 
 rroquin, Manuel; Sommer, Herrmann y Ca. Banks and bankers 
 Sucursal del Banco Nacional; Sucursal del Banco de Londres y 
 Mexico; Bauer y Ca.; Conde, Manuel; Contollen y Ca.; Fernachon, 
 E.; Gavito e Hijo, F. ; Gutierrez Palacios, Vicente; Hernandez, A.; 
 Hidalga, Vicente; Pacheco, Joaquin; Perez, Felix; Teruel. Carlos. 
 Bookseller sand stationers Angulo, Alberto; Aspuru, Bernardino de: 
 Barros, Manuel Espino; Baslois, 'Narciso; Baur, Carlos; Beguerisse, 
 Enrique; Izaguirre, Lorenzo; Galindo y Bezarez, Manuel; Gallegos, 
 Antonio; Laine, Ramon; Lara, Pantaleon; Paz y Puente, Francisco; 
 Senties, Francisco; Tagle, Cai'los; Tagle, Mateo; Villegas, Jose 
 Maria. Boots and shoes Arce, Doroteo; Arnaud y Sailer; Bello, 
 Manuel; Baes, Guadalupe; Bueno, Angel R. ; Corro, Isidro; Diaz, 
 Jose de J.; Doiuecq, Pedro; Franco, Alejandro; Gomez, Alberto; 
 Gomez, Nicolas; Gonzaga, Luis Ramirez; Lozano, Lucio; Manzano, 
 Hilario; Mateos, Lnis C.; Ochoa, Rafael; Perez y Ca.; Perez, 
 Jo.se Maria. Carriages Angulo, Jose de J.; Brito, J. M.; 
 Camacho, Cecilio; Delgado, Mariano; Golzarri, Eleuterio; Gu- 
 tierrez, Jose M.; Pastor, Manuel; Rodriguez, Antonio; Valenzuela, 
 Reyes. China and glassware Banuelos, Miguel; Cenobria, Fer- 
 nandez y Ca. ; Colombres, Eduardo; Dorenberg y Ca., J. ; Fernandez, 
 Mariano; Lopez, Francisco; Oropeza, Jose Maria; Palacios, Antonio; 
 Peredo, Suarez; Rojos, Manuel; Romero, Hilario; Tog u era, Miguel. 
 Church furnishings Cardoso, Vicente de P.; Haller y Glawatz. 
 Commission agents (sale by sample*) Peemans y Marron; Salles, 
 Arnaud; Sutnner y Ca., John M. ; Vazquez. Doroteo. Commission
 
 472 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 merchants Arrioja, Adolfo; Arrioja, Gustavo; Baur, Carlos; Blanco, 
 Jose; Calderon, Adolfo; Calderon, M. M.; Collado, Jos6 Maria; 
 Daza, Manuel G.; Fernandez y Ca., Mariano; Franco, Ceferino; 
 Garcia, Tertiel Luis; Garrido, Miguel; Gomez, J. Maria; Larrasilla, 
 Rafael; Machorro, Jos6 de J. ; Maldonado, Manuel; Manzano, 
 Eduardo; Meza, Luis Bernardo; Mier, Antonio S ; Montiel, Miguel; 
 Morales, Bernabe; Molina, Teofilo; Olavarrieta, J. M.; Ortiz, Bor- 
 bollo; Perez, Salazar; Pineda, Andres; Quintana, Carlos; Ramirez, 
 Enrique; Rangel, Pablo; Rojano, Rafael; Resales, Jose Librado; 
 Sanchez, Jos6 Maria; San Martin, Marcelo; Serrano, Francisco; 
 Thomas, Manuel; Thomas y Teran, M.; Turnbull, Guillermo; Vas- 
 quez, Doroteo; Von der Beck y Ca.; Zambrano, Jos6 Maria; Za- 
 mora, Miguel; Zufiiga, Carlos. Druggists Audifred, Maria de J. ; 
 Arrioja, Delfino; Arrioja, Joaquin; Barrios, Jose M.; Barros, Carlos 
 E.; Bantista y Ca., Paulino; Beguerisse, Pedro; Begnerisse, Santiago; 
 Botello y Ca. ; Cal, Marcos; Campos, Luis; Carrasco, Vibiano; Cas- 
 tillo, Romulo; Coriche, Guadalupe; Crespo, Luis; Diaz, Placido B. ; 
 Encinas, Gregorio; Fernandez, Antonio; Gil, Antonio; Gomez, R.; 
 Gonzalez, Pascual; Ibanez, J.; Ibanez y Lamarque, Joaquin; Incha- 
 guaregui, Luis; Inchaurregui, V. ; Lamarque, G.; Maldonado, Manuel 
 M.; Mariscal y Ca.; Moreno, M. ; Rangel, Angel; Reinal, Jose; 
 Rodriguez, Rafael; Rojano, Aguilar; Rojano, Nicolas; San Martin, 
 M. ; Suarez, Deodora; Torquero, J. Dry goods Avendaiio, P. A.; 
 Bello y Cabrera; Benitez y Hermanos; Benito y Ca., C.; Chaix, 
 Pedro; Charles, Carlos; Conde, Manuel; Diehl y Ca.; Garcia, P.; 
 Gavito e Hijo; Guthiel y Ca.; Gutierrez y Palacios; Haller y Gla- 
 watz; Lions Hnos.; Lopez, A.; Lopez, Santos L.; Matienzo, Juan; 
 Mora, Rafael; Ortiz y Hnos., Borpillo; Peon, Manuel; Perenz y Ca., 
 Hernando; Perez, Felix; Quijano, Alberto; Rivero, Ignacio; Resales, 
 Antonio; Serrano, Francisco L.; Sevilla 6 Hijos, J. N. ; Teruel, Car- 
 los; Velasco Hnos.; Villaret y Duttner; Watermeyer, German. 
 Engravers Herrera, Manuel; Neve, Tomas. Fancy goods and 
 notions Arce, M.; Arrioja, J. de; Arrioja y Valverde, E. ; Azla, B.; 
 Benitez, Ricardo; Cardoso Hnos.; Chaiz Hnos.; Diehl y Ca. ; Doren- 
 berg y Ca., J.; Lyons y Ca.; Moreno y Ca. Flour and corn mills 
 Amaiiiscar, Francisco; Avalos, Aurelio; Baez y Ca., Carlos; Benitez, 
 Miguel; Benitez, Ernilio; Conde, Francisco; Diaz, Francisco; Fur- 
 long, Tomas; Gavito 6 Hijo, Florencio; Gil, Hernandez; Gonzalez,
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 473 
 
 P. M.; flaquet, Juan; Islas, Laureano; Larre, Tomas; Latorre, 
 Tomas; Leblanc, A.; Lopez, Clemente; Mauret Hnos.; Mier, Sebas- 
 tian; JMontiel, A.; Pardo, S. ; Perez, Juan; Rofray, Jose; Rosa, Fran- 
 cisco de la; Teruel, M. Garcia; Tuta, Jose de J. ; Villegas, P.; Ville- 
 gas, Eduardo; Zufiiga, Berges de. Flour merchants Beyes, Trini- 
 dad; Calderon, Becerra Manuel; Calderon, Manuel Macias; Charles, 
 Mariano; Diaz, Francisco; Lara, Pascual; Toquero, Miguel; Torija, 
 Luis. Foundries Acedo, Fausto; Esparragoza, Miguel; Lopez, 
 Francisco; Marshall, Tomas; Rivera, Jose Diaz; Toquero, J. Furni- 
 ture Aguilar Hnos., J.; Aguilar, Jose M.; Alvarado, Gabriel; 
 Arana, M. de la Luz; Arriaga, Joaquin; Baces, J. de L.; Baez, Jose; 
 Bueno, Jose; Cano, Vicente; Castillo, Juan; Costo, Jose; Denetro, 
 Francisco; Domingo, Anastasio; Dorenberg y Ca., J. ; Fajavdo, 
 Miguel; Fernandez, Francisco; Gomez, Andres; Gonzalez, Andres; 
 Guevara, Francisco: Guevara, J. ; Guevara, J. de J. ; Gutierrez, 
 Santiago; Huesca, J.; Lara, Francisco; Leroux, Juan; Lopez, Albino; 
 Manzano, Jose Maria; Martinez, A.; Medina, Guadalupe; Mendez> 
 Jose M.; Pacheco, Claro; Pavon, Miguel; Ramos, Juan; Reyes, 
 Francisco; Rio, Juan Pablo del; Rosano, Jorge; Rosano, Luis; 
 Rosario, Jorge; Sanchez, Francisco; Sanchez, Ignacio; Sanchez, Ra- 
 fael; Sommer, Herrmann y Ca. ; Valdes, Claudio. Gas fixtures, 
 lamps, etc. Bueno, Jose; Castillo, Juan; Fajardo, Miguel; Fernan- 
 dez, Francisco; Lopez, Albino; Martinez, A.; Medina, Guadalupe; 
 Mendez, Jose M. ; Ramos, Juan; Reyes, Francisco. Glass and 
 crockery Banuelos, Miguel; Fernandez, Cenobio; Fuentes, G. de 
 M.; Oropeza, Mariano; Palacios, Miguel; Paluisee, Javier; Rojas, 
 Manuel; Santillana, Jose de J.; Toquero, Miguel; Vanden Bussche 
 y Ca. Groceries and provisions- Acevedo, Bernardo; Conde y 
 Cosio; Diaz, Manuel Perez; Garcia Hnos.; Hernandez, Viuda de; 
 Linage, Pedro; Mendoza, Guilleimo; Moreno y Hno., Rafael; Paz y 
 Puente, Joaquin; Pereda, Casto; Ponce, Jose de J.; Quevedo Hnos.;' 
 Quintana, E.; Rubin, Eugenio Mier; Rubin, Jose Diaz; Rugerio, 
 Rafael; Sanchez y Hno., F.; Valdez, Tomas; Valverde, Eduardo. 
 Hardware, cutlery and tools Blumenki-on y Bravo-; Charles, Car- 
 los; Garcia, Paz; Glockaer y Ca.; Guthiel y Ca.; Lopez, Antonio; 
 Lopez, Francisco; Martinez, Manuel; Paz y Puente, Francisco; 
 Resales, Antonio; Ruiz, Miguel; Sonmier Herrmann y Ca.; Traslos- 
 heros, Francisco. Hatters Carcano, Margarito; Esmenjaud y
 
 474 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Couttolene; Gonzalez, Jose Pellon; Gonzalez, Jose Ma. C. Hides, 
 wholesale Acho, R.; Avrioja, Francisco; Baniga, L onardo; Beiran, 
 Garcia; Domerge, Teresa; Gomez yCa., Nicolas; Martinez, Bernabe; 
 Montiel, Jose Maria; Turnbull, Strybos y Mora. House furnishing 
 goods Careaga, Jose Maria; Cisneros, Agustin; Cisneros, Rafael; 
 Cueto, Manuel; Medina, J.; Reyes, Francisco. Importers Baur, 
 Carlos; Begnerisse, Enrique; Benito y Ca., C.; Dorenberg y Ca., J. ; 
 Drogueria Universal; Faure y Ca., Agustin; Haller y Glawatz; 
 Ibaflez y Lamarque; Inigo Hermanos; Sommer, Herrmann y Ca.; 
 Sumner & Co., John M. Iron and ironware Lopez, Francisco; 
 Rivera, Jose D. Jewelers and watchmakers Anzures, Rafael; 
 Blumenkron, Bravo; C:trretero, Francisco; Espinosa, Manuel; 
 Gauthier, Julio; Glackner y Ca. ; Guerrero e Hijo, Felix; Guerrero, 
 J.; Herchman, Carlos; Jacobi, Rodolfo; Liar, Jose M.; Marroquin, 
 Manuel; Mendivil y Ca.; Mora, Jose; Ochoa, Jose; Ochoa, Juan; 
 Otafies, Rafael; Palacios, Miguel; Patino, Eduardo; Pedraza y Hno.; 
 Perret, Federico; Ramirez, Carlos; Rangel, Nestor; Ruiz, Feliciano; 
 Ruiz, J.; Shiverer, Andres; Soriano, Ignacio. Lithographers Cam- 
 pomanes y Ca.; Gonzalez, Juan; Osorio, Jose M. Lumber merchants 
 Berkemburchs, Jorge; Fernandez, Francisco; Ferrer, Gabriel; Frey- 
 ria, Enrique; Friera, Eduardo; Garcia, Eduardo; Ibarra, Fernando; 
 Leon, Justo; Palafox, Teodoro; Pastor, Manuel; Ti aslosheros, 
 Franciscp. Machinery Alatorre, Carlos B.; Gutheil y Ca.; Resales 
 y Doremberk; Valdes, Domingo. Music stores Bueno, Benja- 
 min R. ; Dorenberg y Ca., J.; Sommer, Herrmann y Ca. Paints, 
 oils, etc. Bueno, Benjamin R. ; Garcia, Paz; Hernandez, Francisco 
 J.; Huerta, Jose M.; Lopez, Jose Andies; Lozado, Luis del Carmen; 
 Mayorga, Mariano; Morales, Francisco; Olivares, Carlos M. ; Pudilla, 
 Castulo; Padilla, Cayetano; Pavon e Hijos, A.; Paz y Puente, 
 Francisco; Peralta, Ignacio; Sommer, Herrmann y Ca. Paper 
 Lara, Manuel. Photographers Barreal, Jose; Becerril, Lorenzo; 
 Cabrera, Abraham; Del Monte Hiios.; Garcia, Benito; Lobato, 
 Emilio G. ; Martinez, Joaquin; Pacheco, J. Pianos and organs 
 Cuevas, Jose; Espinosa, D. ; Graoidas, Felipe; Olmedo, Felix; Polo, 
 Agu.stin; Romero, Jose M.; Velazquez, Francisco. Printing of- 
 fices Alarcon, Pedio; Angulo, Alberto; Bochler, Isidoro; Boctar, 
 M.; Campomanes y Ca.; Corona, Miguel; Franco, Jose de J.; 
 Gonzalez, J. ; Imprenta del Colegio; Imprenta del Gobierno;
 
 MERCAM-ILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 475 
 
 Imprenta del Hospicio; Lara, Benjamin; Macias, Ismael; Mar- 
 tinez, Joaquin; Moneda, Ignacio; Neve, Tomas; Ortiz, Dario; 
 Osorio, Jos M.; Pastor, Miguel; Pita, Joaquin; Romero, Isidro; 
 .Ruiz, Francisco. Saddlery and harness Coeto, Manuel; Do- 
 vantes, Antonio; Franco, Heilindo; Juarez, Juan Jose; Lopez, Es- 
 teban; Medina, Jose M.; Sanchez, Ignacio; Tellez y Hermano, 
 E.; Turnbull, Alberto M. Sewing machines Anzures, Rafael; 
 (Jloknery Centurion; Corn y Ca., Guillermo; Gutheil y Ca., Agustin; 
 Lopez, Antonio; Marroquin, Manuel; Resales, Antonio; Sommer, 
 Herrmann y Compama; Voiers y Compania, S. H. Silk goods 
 "El Hilo de Oro;" "La Parisiense;" "La Violeta;" Luna, J. M. 
 Ramos; " Paragueria Francesca;" Reyes, Eugenio. Silversmiths 
 Antigua Plateria Alvarez; Guerrero, Felix; Guerrero, J.; Patino, 
 A. ; Patino, Eduardo; Ruiz, Agustin. Tailoring establishments 
 "Bella Jardinera;" Cortez, Vicente; "El Surtidor;" Lara, Jose; 
 Marquez y Hno., P. ; Pinero, Manuel. Sugar merchants Colosia, 
 M.; Illescas, Rafael; Marron y Ca.; Zamora, R. Undertaker Rio. 
 Juan Pablo del. Upholstery, carpets, etc. Guevara, Jose de J.; 
 Pacheco, Claro. 
 
 QUERETARO (State of Queretaro) Agricultural implements 
 Gonzalez y Ca.; Plagemann, Ricartlo J. Arms and ammunition 
 Plagemann, Ricardo J.; Viuda e hijos de Solorio. Banks and 
 bankers Agencia del '-Banco Nacional;" Arias, Andres G. ; Mac 1 
 Gregor, L. R.; Monfort, Sinesio, Sucursal del "Banco de Londres 
 y Mexico;" Ugalde, Baltasar R. Booksellers and stationers Cha- 
 vez, Sue.; Gonzalez y Ca. ; Gonzalez, Jose; Ibarra, Guadalupe; 
 Parres, Jose; Plagemann, Ricardo J. Boots ana shoes Balandra, 
 Ignacio; Diaz, Hilaiion; Dominguez, Alberto; Galan, Cenobio; 
 Gomez, Eulalio; Moreno, Casimiro; Munoz, Manuel; Saldana, An- 
 tonio. Carriages Leon, Benito; Leon, Eulalio D.; Ramos, Be- 
 nigno; Trejo, Alejandro. China and glassware Alday, Manuel; 
 Arias, Andres G.; Gonzalo, Antonio; Desidero y Ca., Rosendis; 
 Loyola, Antonio; Loyola, Ramon; Mendez, Jose M. ; Rivera, Jose 
 M. Clothing Arnaud y Martel; Irdrac, Teofilo; Marcel, Dionisio; 
 Mayrant y Richaud; Mendez e Hijos. Commission merchants 
 Arias, Andres G.; Arnaud, Agustin; Contreras, Luis G.; Rivera, 
 Jos6 M.; Trejo, Pablo; Ugalde, Baltasar R. Drugs Aguirre, 
 Jose; Arnulfo, Miguel; Carmona, Juan; Carrillo, Gabriel; Cobo,
 
 476 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OP MEXICO. 
 
 Manuel; Diaz, Aurelio; Gonzalez y Ca. ; Guerrero y Hno., Alberto; 
 Jaureguf, F. de; Makomik, Pedro; Marroquin, R; Rodriguez, 
 Francisco; Rodiiguez, Ramon; Ruiz, Aurelio; Septien y Montano; 
 Velasco, Jose; Vera, Esteban. Dry goods Arnaud, Agustin; 
 Balboa, Francisco; Cordova y Hno., J.; Maciel, Dionisio; Martin y 
 Ca., Arturo V.; Ruiz y Campos. Engravers Balvanera, Teodoro; 
 Espinosa, Jose M.; Lambarri y Ca., M.; Lira, Silvestre. Fancy 
 goods Aguilar, Demetrio; Olvera, Fernando; Plagemann, Ricardo 
 J.; Rivera, Jose M.; Rosas, Antonio; Vargas, Gregorio; Viuda 6 
 Hijos de Solorio; Viuda de Rea. Furniture Arias, Andres G.; 
 Carmona, Santiago; Gonzalez, Jose; Plagemann, Ricardo J. Gro- 
 ceries and provisions Arias, Andres G. ; Camacho, Benito; Galeana, 
 Ignacio; Gorraes, Ventura; Loyola, Antonio; Resendez y Ca., Desi- 
 derio. Hardware Aguilar, Demetrio; Gonzalez y Ca., Jose; Plage- 
 mann, Ricardo J. Hatters Corona, Francisco; Corona, Pedro; 
 Franco, Juan; Vasquez, Feliciano. Iron and ironware Ai-ias, An- 
 dres G.; Plagemann, Ricardo J.; Ugalde, Baltasar R. Jewelers 
 Borja, Adolfo; Monfort, Sinesio; Sinrob, Emiliano. Jewelers and 
 watchmakers Esparza, Carlos; Manilla, Nemesio; Monfort, 
 Sinesio; Pereira, Pedro; Richarte, Julian; Sinrob, Emiliano; Vas- 
 quez, Rafael. Lithographers'- Lnmbam y Ca., Miguel M. Music 
 stores Gonzalez y Ca.; Rivera, Jose M. Paints, oils, etc. Agui- 
 lar, Demetrio; Gonzalez y Ca. ; Plagemann, Ricardo J.; Reyes, 
 Sevilla. Paper Brenaer, Carlos. Perfumery Alday, Manuel; 
 Arnaud y Eartel; Bastida, Vicente; Mendez, Jose M.; Olivera, Mel- 
 chor; Rivera, Jos6 M. ; Torres, Nicolas. Photographers Balva- 
 nera, Teodoro; Flores, Ignacio Munoz; Gomez, Benigno; Ruiz, An- 
 tonio. Printing offices Frias y Soto, Luciano; Gonzalez y Ca.; 
 Lambarri y Ca., Miguel M. Pianos and organs Arcos, M.j 
 Mendoza, Trinidad; Mosquera, Manuel; Romillo, Miguel. Saddlery 
 and harness Garcia, Felipe; Hernandez, S.; Molino, Manuel del; 
 Perez, Antonio D. Silk goods Monfort, Dolores F. de; Rea, Por- 
 firia. Silversmiths Alfaro, J.; Barbosa y Hno., Agustin; Barrera? 
 Evaristo; Gonzalez, J.; Munoz, Hermenegildo; Ojeda, Juan; Se- 
 rrano, J.; Vega, Jose. Upholstery, carpets, etc. Gonzalez, J.; Sar- 
 tundo, Manuel. 
 
 ROSARIO (State f Sinaloa) Dry goods Alduneda, Rayinundo; 
 Guemes Hermanos; Regenstein, Juan; Zasueta, Angel P. Grocer-
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 477 
 
 ies Navarete, Angel; Patino y Nunez; Sotomayor, Martin; Te- 
 llina, Francisco; Valdez, Jesus 0. Drugs Espinosa y Ca.; Ibarra 
 Carlos: Rivers, Carlos. Boots and shoes Ley Son. Hats Ymana, 
 Francisco. 
 
 SALAMANCA (State of Guanajuato) Bankers Calzada, Altagra- 
 cia; Martinez, Asuncion. Boots and shoes Hernandez, German; 
 Mares, Juan; Nunez, Serapio; Ramirez, Serapio; Rivera, Atanasio. 
 Clothing and tailoring Garcia, Marcos; Rangel, Aniceto; Santana 
 y Medina. Commission merchants Domezain, Ismael; Flores, E.; 
 Garcia, J. ; Ochoa, S. ; Portusae, Manuel. Dry goods Casillas, 
 Valentin; Flores, Eduardo. Flour mills Alvarez, J. ; Garciduenas, 
 Apolonio. Groceries and provisions Domenzain y Ca., Ismael; 
 Zarandona, Domingo. Hatter Oviedo, Valentin. Kid glove fac- 
 tories Aboytes, Manuel; Andalnz, Jose M.; Campos, Miguel; 
 Freyre, Luis; Gomez, Modesto; Vidal, Antonio. Manufacturers 
 brass bedsteads Vargas, Mauro. Photographers Roa, Luciano; 
 Villanueva, Refugio. Printing offices Aboites, Manuel; Domenzain 
 y Ca., Ismael. Sewing machines Romano, J. Alva; Steeately, Fran- 
 cisco. Silversmiths Blanco, J.; Garcia, Julio; Olivarez, Cirilo. 
 
 SALTILLO (State of Coahuila) Agricultural implements Hayes, 
 Juan; Sieber y Ca., Clemente. Arms and ammunition Sieber y 
 Ca., Clemente. Banks and bankers Sucursal del Banco Nacional; 
 Purcell, Guillermo; Soto, Bernardo. Booksellers and stationers 
 Bouret, C.; Farga, Antonio; Fuente, Antonio de la; Sieber y Ca.> 
 Clemente. Boots and shoes Aguirre, Antonio; Garcia, Juan; Mar- 
 tinez y Ca., Ramon; Molina, Ascencio; Regalado, Toribio; Salinas, 
 Felix; Sanchez, Juan; Valdez, Florencio; Valdez, Porfirio; Valle 
 Antonio del. Commission merchants Lopez Hnos.; Martinez y 
 Woessner; Sieber y Ca., C. Drugs Barreda, Mauricio G.; Ca- 
 rothers, J. D.; Figueroa, Jose I.; Fuente, Sostenes de la; Hernan- 
 dez, Hilario; Pena, F. de; Rodriguez, J. ; Warremosch, M. Dry 
 goods Mazo Hnos.; Negrete, Jose; Signoret y Groues; Soto, Ber- 
 nardo; Volpe, Donato. Fancy goods Hayes, Juan; Sieber y Ca., 
 C. Flour merchants Arispe y Ramos, Francisco; Flores, Gabriel; 
 Purcell, Guillermo; Valdez, Juan. Flour mills Arispe y Ramos, 
 Francisco; Barousse, Lezin; Flores, Gabriel; Leon y Ai-agon, Ra- 
 mon de. Furniture Blumenthal y Cordt; Sieber y Ca., C. Gro- 
 ceries and provisions Aguirre, Carlos; Calzada, Eusebio; Desommes
 
 478 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 y Ca., H. V.; Garza, Marcelino; Martinez, Anastasio; Negrete. 
 Jose; Purcell, Guillermo; Ramos, J. M.; Rodriguez, Damaso; Soto, 
 Bernardo. Hardware and tools Berlanga, A.; Cardenas, Jose; 
 Hayes, Juan; Hernandez, Timoteo; Moya, Eusebio; Muarras, 
 Francisco; Mujica, Manuel; Ortiz, Tranquilino; Sieber y Ca., C.; 
 Valverde, Antonio. Hatters Hesselbart, Carlos; Palafox, Angel; 
 Signoret y Groues. House furnishing goods Aguirre, J.; Alvarado, 
 Juan; Cenicero, Ger6nimo; Charles, Simon; Ortiz, Felipe; Rodriguez, 
 Damosa; Salinas, Felix Maria. Iron and ironware Hayes, J ; 
 Sieber y Ca., C. Jewelers and watchmakers Camacho, Carlos; 
 Castillo, Juan; Flores, Carlos; Pefia, Rosa; Sieber y Ca., C. ; Ur- 
 bina, Ventura. Lumber dealers Ancira, J. M. Martinez; Garcia, 
 Marcelino; Lopez, Pablo A. Paints, oils, etc. Martinez e Hijos, 
 Angel; Sieber y Ca., C. Photographers Vazquez Unos. ; Zertuche, 
 Ruben. Pianos and organs Medrano, Casimiro; Villamieva y 
 Francesconi. Printing offices Cardenas, Mariano; Fernandez, Se- 
 vero; Fuentes, Francisco G. ; Pefia, Simon de la. Sewing machines 
 Blumenthal, E.; Hayes, Juan; Mazo Hnos. Tailoring establish- 
 ments Davila, Juan; Lopez, Antonio; Martinez, Luciano. Woods 
 Martinez y Woessner. . 
 
 SALVATIERRA (State of Guanajuato) Booksellers and stationers 
 Fuente, Juan de la; Rivera, Francisco L. ; Martinez, Zacarias. 
 Boots and shoes Barajas, J.; Gonzalez, Francisco; Hernandez, Ig- 
 nacio. Carriages Coria, J. Clothing, hats, etc. Bolaiios, J.; Ca- 
 rrera, Hilario H.; Escobedo, Leandro; Fabre, Adolfo; Lira, Lucas; 
 Miranda, Maximo; Meto, Rafael. Commission merchants Arias, 
 J. ; Capetillo, Casildo; Estrada, Primitivo; Mendez, Luis G.; Ra- 
 mirez, Encarnacion; Saldana y Ca., J. Drugs Anaya, Luis; Ce- 
 ballos, Antonio; Espinosa, Manuel; Gomez, Albei'to; Martinez, Is- 
 mael; Moreno y Ca., Jose Leal; Ruiz, Ramon; Sanchez, Trinidad; 
 Teliberto, Benito S. Dry goods Carrera y Hnos., Hilario; Fabre, 
 Adolfo; Mugica, German. Flour merchants Argumedo, Juan JD. ; 
 Scanlan, Santiago. Flour mills Argumedo, Juan D.; Llamosa, 
 Francisco. Groceries and provisions Gomez, Alberto; Guzman, 
 Francisco; Martinez, Zacarias; Nieto, Rafael; Paramo, Francisco; 
 Rodriguez, Francisco; Sancen, Remigio; Soto, J. Hardware and 
 house furnishing goods Aviles, Jose; Balandra, Eugenic; Biskarnp, 
 Ernesto; Guisa, Jose M.; Vargas, Bernabe. Hatter Reyes, Pe-
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 479 
 
 dio. Jewelry Coria, Pascual; Guisa, Pascual; Reyes, Antonio. 
 Lumber dealers Aragon, Vicente; Esparza, Juliano; Miranda, 
 Maximo. Manufacturer brass bedsteads Figueroa, J. Mills Ar- 
 gumedo, Juan D. ; Ayala, Luis; Campos, Francisco; Maldonado, 
 Manuel; Scanlan, Santiago; Soriano, Aniceto; Soto, J. Printing 
 offices Balandra, Francisco; Ruiz, Timoteo. Sewing machines 
 Moreno y Ca., J. Leal; Rivera, G. M.; Romano, Alva. 
 
 SAX BLAB (Territory of Tepic) Bankers Barren, Forbes Co. ; 
 Delius y Ca.; Lanzagorta Hnos. Boots and shoes Casillas, Mo- 
 desto; Hernandez, Jose Garcia. Commission merchants Delius y 
 Ca.; Garrido, Liborio; Horsten, Otto von; Lanzagorta Hnos. 
 Drugs Flores, B. H.; Martinez, B. L.; Romo, Jose M.' Dry 
 goods Horsten, Otto von; Lanzagorta Hnos. Fancy goods Hors- 
 ten, Otto von. Groceries and provisions Aguirre, Manuel; Be- 
 jarano, Juan; Delius y Ca.; Fierros, B.; Lanzagorta Hnos.; Lo- 
 renzano, E.f Najar, A.; Ortiz, P.; Uribe, F.; Velazquez, B. Im- 
 porters and exporters Barron, Forbes & Co.; Delius y Ca.; Men- 
 chaca Bros. Saddlery and harness Rios, Felix J. Sewing ma- 
 chines Delius y Ca. ; Horsten, Otto von; Lanzagorta Hnos. 
 Tailor (mercftant)~Ga.i'c(a., Zacarias. 
 
 SAN CRISTOBAL LAS CASAS (State of Chiapas) Bank Banco Na- 
 cional (agent W. Paniagua). Boots and shoes Kramsky,Vicente; 
 Mendez, Transito; Tobilla, Secundino. Commission merchants (sale 
 by 'sample) Doi antes, Jimenez y Ca. ; Lopez, Donaciano. Drugs 
 Paniagua, Wenceslao; Pineda y Rodriguez; Ramos, Teofilo. 
 Dry goods Balboa, Angel; Bonifaz, Fernanda; Farrera, Vicente; 
 Lazos, Augusto; Molinari, Angel; Paniagua, Wenceslao; Ruiz, Jose 
 M.; Ruiz, Tirso; Zapata, Francisco; Zavaleta, Ezequiel. Engraver 
 Ruiz, Mariano N. Fancy goo'ls- Trujillo, Celso. Groceries and 
 provisions Bulanos, Francisco Ortiz; Dominguez, Adolfo; Fa- 
 rrera, Vicente; Paniagua, Wenceslao. Photographer Zepeda, 
 Buenaventura. Printing offices Flores, Novato; Imprenta del 
 Gobierno ; Pineda, Vicente ; Salazar. Carlos. Sadd/ery and harness 
 Roman, J.; Ruiz, Fernando. Silversmiths Molina, Celso; Ruiz, 
 Abraham; Ruiz, Nicasio. Tailors (merchants^) Aguilar, Manuel; 
 Ramos, Hermelindo; Ramos, Primitive. Watchmaker Ruiz, Ma- 
 riano. 
 
 SAN JUAN BAUTISTA (State of Tabasco) Arms and ammunition
 
 480 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Cahero, Manuel. Bankers Berreteaga y Ca., M.; Buhics Hnos.; 
 Jamet y Sastre; Lamadrid, Toraaa G. ; Serralta, Salvador. Books 
 and stationery Graham, Jos6 M. Commission merchants Raines 
 Hnos.; Merino, Jose M.; Rosas, Justo; Suarez Hnos. Drugs 
 Ponz, Manuel; Serralta, Salvador. Dry goods Arteach y Peral; 
 Azuela, Manuel; Benito y Ca., G.; Berreteaga y Ca., M. ; Bueno, 
 Victor; Cue, Hermogenes; Forteza y Ca.; Heeres, Jose Fernandez; 
 Lainadrid, Tomas G.; Lopez, Becerra y Ca.; Madrazo, Felipe; Pas- 
 tor y .Rodriguez; Ripoll y Ca., M. ; Romano y Ca., Suci; Trueba, 
 Jos6 G.; Villaveitia, Kamon. Engraver Diaz, Jose Sanchez*. 
 Fancy goods Diaz, Isidoro M. Furniture Merino, Froilan. 
 Groceries and provisions Benito y Ca., G.; Berreteaga y Ca., M.; 
 Knapp y Ca., E. ; Lopez, Becerra y Ca.; Pastor y Rodriguez; Re- 
 poll y Ca., M.; Roman y Ca., Sue. Hardware Diez, Isidoro M. 
 Hatters Galindo, Antonio; Nieto, Francisco Morgado. Music 
 store Kildsen, Guillermo. Photographs Flor, Manuel de la. 
 Printing offices Avalos, Jose M.; Castillo, Amado Hernandez; Im- 
 prenta del Gobierno; Trujillo, Juan S. Watchmakers Hunter, 
 David; Sanchez, Eulogio; Serrano, A. 
 
 SAN JUAN DE GUADALUPE (State of Durango) Agricultural im- 
 plements Rodriguez, Felipe; Saldana, Bernardo. .Boots and shoes 
 Aguayo, Atilano; Martinez, Florentine. Commission merchant 
 Puga, Francisco E. Drugs Aspilcneta, Guillermo; Goitia, Jose 
 B. Dry goods Aguayo, Atilano; Botello, Buenaventura; Delga. 
 dillo Hermanos; Garc a, Nicanor; Mireles, Eduardo; Ortiz, Agus- 
 tin; Puga, Francisco E. ; Ramirez, Geronimo; Rodarte, Castulo; 
 Rodriguez, Felipe; Saldana, Bernardo. Fancy goods Rodarte, 
 Castulo. Flour mills Rodriguez, Felipe; Saldana, Bernardo. 
 Groceries and provisions Puga, Francisco E.; Rodriguez, Felipe; 
 Saldana, Bernardo. Merchant tailors Agviero, Bonifacio; Esqui- 
 vel, Desiderio; Gonzalez, Apolonio; Martinez, Florentino. Sewing 
 machines Puga, Francisco E. Silversmith Velazquez, Severiano. 
 
 SAN JUAN DE Los LAGOS (State of Jalisco) Agricultural imple- 
 ments Perez, Francisco Jimenez. Books and stationery Gonzalez, 
 Francisco de P.; Romo, Rosa. Boots and shoes Alba, J. de; Pe- 
 rez, Pablo; Ruiz, Ascencio; Torre, C. de la. Carriage dealers 
 Jimenez, Modesto; Martin, Fidel. Commission merchants Galindo, 
 Espiridion; Gonzalez, Tirso; Martin, Jose; Torre, Cecilio de la.
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 481 
 
 Drugs Gallardo, Eligio; Montero, Oosme. Engravers Segoviano, 
 Martin. Fancy goods Martin, Juan N. Furniture Torre, Felix 
 de la; Torre, Ramon de la. Groceries and provisions Ornelas, Do- 
 mingo. Hatters Sanchez, Arcadio; Segoviano, Martin. Litho- 
 grapher Martin, Jose. Manufacturers brass bedsteads Anda, Ig- 
 nacio de; Rodriguez, Antonio; Rodriguez, Juan. Merchant tailors 
 Alba, Rutilo de; Flores, Miguel; Gonz lez. Manwl; Martin, Mel- 
 quiades; Ramos,Pragedio; Reynoso, Eliseo G. Music stores Leon, 
 Manuel de; Rodriguez, Isidore. Photographers Gonzalez, Fran- 
 cisco de P.; Hermosillo, Francisco. Printing offices Martin, Jose; 
 Tortolero, Jose. Saddlery and harness Diaz, Eutiraio; Perez, Pas- 
 tor. Sewing machines Martin, Jose. Silversmiths Alba, Eduardo 
 de; Avila, Reyes; Flores, Severe; Gonzalez, Cruz; Leon, Benjamin 
 de.; Sanchez, Eduardo. 
 
 SAN JUAN DEL Rio (State of Queretaro) China and glassware 
 Basurto, Pascual. Commission merchants Fernandez y Gutierrez; 
 Sanchez, Felipe; Ugalde, A.; Ugalde, Ignacio V. Drugs Cova- 
 rrubias, Leon; Macias, Juan;. Olloqui, Agustin R.; Ugalde, Ama- 
 dor E. Dry goods Escobar, J. Hurtado; Hurtado, Juan; Ugalde, 
 Alberto; Ugalde, Ignacio V. Fancy goods Hernandez, Pablo; 
 Hurtado, Juan. Flour mills Canizo, Manuel; Dorantes, Teofilo; 
 Torre, Manuel de la. Groceries and provisions Guadarrama, Gua- 
 dalupe; Ruiz, Joaquin; Ugalde, Bernabe. Hatter Contreras, Ma- 
 nuel. Iron and ironware Ugalde, Bernabe. Merchant tailor 
 Garrido, Ignacio. Paints and oils. Ugalde, Bernabe Printing 
 office Ugalde, Bernabe. Sewing machines Garrido, Ignacio. 
 
 SAN Luis Potosf (State of San Luis Potosi) Agricultural imple- 
 ments, arms and ammunition Clemente, Hermosillo; Philipp y 
 Ca., Max A.; Saenger, Fernando; Silva, Nemesio; Storck y Grum- 
 brecht; Torres, Juan. Banks Sucursal del "Banco de L6ndres y 
 Mexico;" Sucursal del "Banco Nacional." Bankers Bahsen y 
 Ca., J. H.; Larrache y Ca., Sue.; Meade y Hnos., Federico J.; So- 
 beron, Matias Hernandez. Booksellers Cabrera, Antonio; Esqui- 
 vel y Ca., M.; Kaiser, Juan; Parres, Ramon F.; Vasquez, Francisco. 
 Boots and shoes Arochi, Eduaido; Borrego, Viuda de; Coca, Luis; 
 C6rdova, Juan; Esparza, Francisco; Izquierdo, Felipe; Lopez, Jose 
 G. ; Reyes, Manuel; Romero, Pomposo; Santillana, A. Carriage 
 dealers Rios, Casimiro de los; Tena, Hilario. China and glass-
 
 482 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 ware Aguirre y Ca., Luis; Deliz, Santiago; Gedovius, German; 
 Gonzalez, Felipe; Gutheil y Ca., Agustin; Manrique, H. de Lara; 
 Philipp y Ca., Max A.; Reyes, Antonio; Storck y Grumbrecht. 
 Commission merchants Camacho, Francisco; Cerda, Margarito 
 Lopez de la; Gomez, Macedonio; Lasker, Julio; Meade y Hnos., 
 Federico J.; Pitman y Ca.; .Rodriguez y Rodriguez. Copper goods 
 Bueno, Domingo; Mejia, Juan; Vazquez, Ramon. Drugs-r- Alcocer, 
 Anastasio; Baquero y Ca.; Crespo, Luis G. ; Drogueria Universal; 
 Goribar, Juan I. Garcia; Hermosillo, Mariano; Limon, Francisco; 
 Lopez, Antonio; Munoz y Fonegra; Olmedo, Esteban; Outanon, N.; 
 Paez, Rafael; Rodriguez y Ca.; Valdez, Jose; Villasenor, J. M. 
 Dry goods Abascal y Ca., Pedro; Anda y Villalobos; Brieva, 
 Gregorio; Caire, Michel y Ca. ; Casanueva y Ca.; Diaz de Leon, 
 Jose; Franck y Ca., M.; Lozano, Antonio; Muriedas y Ca., Rivero y 
 Liano; Signoret y Ca.; Valle, Garcia y Ca. Engravers Cenachillo, 
 Pedro; Hidalgo, Juan; Munoz, Ramon. Fancy goods Aguirre y 
 Ca., Luis; Amado, Molino; Gedovius y Ca.; Gonzalez, Felipe N. ; 
 Gonzalez, Nestor; Pedroza, Francisco; Philipp y Ca., Max A.; 
 Puente, Homobono; Saenger, Fernando; Salinas, Andres; Storck y 
 Grumbrecht. Flour merchants Alcocer, Anastasio; Bustamante, 
 Domingo; Davilla, Julio; Goribar, Francisco; Meade y Hermano, 
 G.; Otahegui, Jose M-; Othon, Manuel; Parra, Cayetano. Flour 
 mills Farias, Agustin; Goribar, Juan; Muriedas y Ca.; Villalba y 
 Narezo. Furniture Aguirre y Ca., Luis; Gedovius y Ca.; He- 
 redia, Manuel; Philipp y Ca., Max A ; Schrader 6 Hijo, J. H.; 
 Storck y Grumbrecht; Weber, Pedro. Foundries Schrader e Hijo, 
 J. M. ; Villalba y Navezo. Groceries and provisions Alba, Cle- 
 donio; Arrieta, Tranquilino; Cantolla y Ca.; Cerda, Margarito Lo- 
 pez de la; Chavez, Juan; Delgado, Feliciano; Delius, Sue., Santiago; 
 Felipe, Vicente; Galindo, Jose; Galvan, Onofre; Hermosillo, Jose; 
 Herrera y Ca.; Higinio, Alonso; Lara, Sue., H. Manrique de; Laz- 
 coz y Ca., Francisco; Llaca y Ca., Eniique; Marquez y Ca. ; Mora, 
 Juan; Nieto, Hilario; Olavarria T. Ca.; Pedroza, Valentin; Rangel, 
 Apolonio; Reyes, Antonio J.; Reyes, L.; Salas, Joaquin B.; Socasa 
 y Ca. Hardware Aguirre y Ca., Luis; Elcoro y Ca., Valentin; 
 Gedovius y Ca.; Philipp y Ca., Max A.; Sanger, Fernando; Storck 
 y Grumbrecht. Hatters Campos, J. Lorenzo; Gomez, Manuel; 
 Lo'zano, Antonio: Marquez, Guadalupe; Noriega y Tejo; Quintas,
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 483 
 
 Benito; S;mchez y Ca. Importers Aguirre y Oa., Luis; Bahnsen 
 y Ca., J. H.; Caire, Michel y Ca. ; Drogueria Universal; Facon, 
 Constant, Sue.; Franck y Ca., M.; Muriedas y Ca.; Norwood, Jose; 
 Philipp y Compafiia., Max A.; Rodriguez y Compafiia, Rafael; 
 Sanchez y Compafiia; Signoret y Compafiia, Storck y Grutnbrecht; 
 Valle, Garcia y Compafiia. Iron and ironware Aguirre y 
 Ca., Luis; Drogueria Universal; Elcoro y Ca., Valentin; Meade y 
 Hnos., Federico J. ; Saenger, Fernando; Storck y Grumbrecht; Va- 
 lladolid, Francisco. Jewelers and ivatchmakers Guerrero, Demetrio; 
 Herfter, Ernesto; Landereche, Juan; Martinez, Ramon; Philipp y 
 Ca., Max A.; Storck y Grumbrecht; Tosgobbi, Francisco; Vildosola, 
 Francisco. Lithographers Cabrera, Antonio; Esquivel y Ca.; 
 Kaiser, Juan; Parres, Ramon F.; Vazquez, Francisco. Merchandise, 
 imported and domestic Alcocer, Aiiastasio; Aristi y Ca.; Bahnsen 
 y Ca., J. H.; Barrenechea Hnos.; Cabrera, Emigidio; Caire, Mi- 
 chel y Ca.; Campos. Agapito; Cerda, Margarito Lopez de la; Cer- 
 vantes, Antonio E.; Dosal, Ramon; Garcia, J.; Gonzalez, Dario. 
 Goribar, Juan I. Garcia; Hermosillo, Clemente; Ipifia, Encarnacion; 
 Lavin, Emetrio; Meade y Hnos., Federico J.; Othon, Ramon; Pit- 
 man y Ca.; Soberon, Matias H. ; Varona y Ca. Merchant tailors 
 Davila, M.; Facon, Constant, Sue.; Franck y Ca., M.; Garcia, Pas- 
 cual; Guerrero, Francisco; Perez, Julian. Music stores Aguirre y 
 Ca, Luis; Kaiser, Juan; Philipp y Ca., Max A. Opticians Grun- 
 stein, F. Paints and oils Montante, Arilleta; Montante y Nieto. 
 Petroleum Meade y Hnos., Federico J.; "Waters Pierce Oil Co." 
 Photographers Barraza, A.; Clausnitzer, Carlos; Pedroza, Eugeuio; 
 Serratos y Ca., A. Printing offices Barbosa, Ricardo; Davalos, 
 Carlos; Esquivel y Ca. ; Faustino, Leija; Imprenta de la Escuela 
 Industrial Militar; Imprenta de El Estandarte. Sewing machines 
 Bush y Ca., C. M.; Sanger, Fernando; VVeinburg, D. Tinware 
 Alanis, Silvestre; Arzueta, Angel; Castafieda, D. Upholstery and 
 carpets Gedovius y Ca. 
 
 SAYULA (State of Jalisco) 7 Agricultural implements Preciado, 
 Paulino; Vizcayno y Larios. Arms and ammunition Vazquez, 
 Pablo; Boots and shoes Cortez, Silvestre; Ramos, Policarpo. 
 Carriage dealers Larios, Benigno. Drugs Cisneros, Jose; Duran, 
 Alberto; Mourett, Juan O. Furniture dealers and manufacturers 
 Alcaraz, Epitacio; Figueroa, Pascual. Groceries and provisions
 
 484 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Aguilar, Clemente; Aguilar, Graciano; Aguilar, Jos6 L; Cisneros 
 y Hermano; Cisneros, Jos6 Antonio; Fuente, Francisce de la; 
 Fuente, Miguel W. de la; Fuentes, Pablo; Gil, Manuel Robles; 
 Juan y Torre, A; Preciado, Paulino; Torres y Ca., Rafael; Vazquez, 
 Vicente N; Vizcayno y Larios. Ironware dealers and manufac- 
 turers Preciado, Paulino; Vizcayno y Larios. 
 
 TAMPICO (State of Tamaulipas) Banks and bankers Banco de 
 Londres y Mexico; Sucursal del Banco Nacional; Schutz, Federico; 
 F. Carriage dealers Aretia, Antonio; Morales, Manuel. Com- 
 mission merchants Basadre, Gregorio Cortina; Cruz y Amore- 
 vieta; Dominguez y Ca.; Jolly y Ca., Eduardo L.; Lastra y Ca., 
 Diego de la; Madraza, Juan; Prom, Juan; Schutz, Federico F.; 
 Stussy, F. ; Tropaza Hnos. ; Ugarte Hnos. Drugs Gonzalez, 
 Felipe; Omar, Herederos de P. G.; Solorzano, Juan B. Dry goods 
 Caloca y Ca., S.; Cruz y Amorevieta; Lastra y Ca., D. de la; 
 Lopez y .Rodriguez; Reynaud Hermanos; Ugarte Hermanos. Fancy 
 goods Borde Hermanos; Borde, J. F.; Dauban, Eugenic; Peredo, 
 Francisco. Groceries and provisions Barrios, Pantaleon; Castillo, 
 Macario; Dominguez y Ca., A.; Grillo, Simon Torres; Madrazo, 
 Juan; Rodriguez y Ca., Bartolo; Saunders, Santiago; Stussy, Fede- 
 rico; Tessada, Enrique; Trueba, Domingo; Velez, Miguel. Hard- 
 ware Borde Hermanos; Borde, J. F. ; Dauban, Eugenio; Peredo, 
 Francisco. Hatters Cruzado, Eduardo; Najera, Luis G. Print- 
 ing offices Garcia, Francisco G. ; Garza, J. dela; Segura, Carlos B. 
 Silversmiths Gauban, Carlos; Gauban, N. B.; Rojas, Cliserio; 
 Vargas, Miguel. Watchmakers Cabieres, Ismael; Rojas, Cliserio. 
 Woods Campo, Nicolas del; Saunders, Santiago. 
 
 TEHUACAN (State of Puebla) Carriage dealers CastaBon, Juven- 
 tino; Rosete, Joaquin. China and glassware Cacho, Samuel; Maill 
 y Ca., Emilio. Commission merchants Aldama, Leandro; Gamez, 
 Severiano; Loyo, Geronimo Arandia; Puente, Ignaciode la. Drugs 
 Amezcua y Orduna; Ariza, Vicente; Lince, Antonio E.; Montauo 
 Juan B. Dry goods Garcia, Vicente P.; Gaymard y Spitatur; 
 Martinez, J. de J.; Pastor, Jose; Puente, Ramon de la. Engraver 
 Gonzalez, Miguel. fancy goods Cacho, Samuel; Garcia Heras, 
 Carlos; Maille y Ca., Emilio. Flour mills Cacho, Agustin; Ce- 
 ballos, Juan Diaz; Gonzalez, Daniel; Rocamoro, Vinda de. Gro- 
 ceries and provisions Espinosa Hnos., L. M.; Martinez y Ca., R. ;
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OP MEXICO. 48*5 
 
 Maoedo Hnos., R.; Puente, Fernando de la; Rocamoro, Viuda de. 
 Hardware Beimudez e Hijo, Jose; Garcia Heras, Carlos. Hatter 
 Martinez, Jose de J. Photographer Vidal, Manuel. Printing 
 office Nolasco, Agustin. Silversmiths Olivier, Prospero; Solis, 
 Jose de J. 
 
 TEPIC (Territory of Tepic) Bankers Aguirre y Ca., Juan A. 
 de; Barren, Forbes y Ca. ; Delius y Meyer; Menchaca Hnos. Book- 
 sellers and stationers Bouret, Sue.; Ocegueda, J. Emilio; Retes, J. 
 M. Commission merchants Andrade, J. ; Delius y Meyer; Herrera, 
 Jose Luis; Menchaca Hnos.; Sierra, Manuel. Drugs Fenelon y 
 Ca., Carlos; Gonzalez, Geronimo, Sue.; Guzman, Francisco; Retes, 
 Benjamin D. ; Virgen, Fernando Gomez. Dry goods Anaya, Fran- 
 cisco; Andrade, J.; Anguiano, Daniel M. ; Beyer Hnos.; Chaurand y 
 Ca., Jacques; Mardueno, Juan; Menchaca Hnos.; Retes, Jose M. ; 
 Retes, N. y V.; Sierra, Manuel. Fancy goods Geebers, Viuda de; 
 Maldonado, Manuel. Groceries and provisions Altamirano, Miguel; 
 Borboa, J.; Brambila, Manuel Perez; Castillo, Vicente; Corona, J. 
 Cruz; Delius y Meyer; Flores, Maximo G.; Hernandez, Trinidad; 
 Leal, Viuda de; Ocegueda, Ireneo; Perez, Nicolas; Rodriguez, Nico- 
 las; Somellera, Rivas y Ca. Hardware Geebers, Viuda de; Mal- 
 donado, Manuel. Zfator-^-Landwehr, Guillermo. Iron and iron- 
 ware Agairre y Ca., Juan A. de; Retes, Jose M.; Zuazo, J. Anto- 
 nio de. Jeweler Castaneda, Jose E. Oil mills Corona, Jos6 C.; 
 Hernandez, Trinidad. Photographers Guerra, Jose M.; Rivero, 
 Mariano; Trejo, Cruz; Munoz, Jose M. Printing offices Herrera, 
 Hermanos; Impienta de la Escuela de Artes; Imprenta del Go. 
 bierno; Legaspi, Viuda de; Ocegueda y Ca., J. Ireneo; Ocegueda, J. 
 Emilio; Retes, Jos6 M. Saddlery and harness Gongora, Crisoforo 
 F. Sewing machines Beyer Hnos.; Leal, Viuda de. Silversmiths 
 Gonzalez, Marcial; Lopez, Pedro; Quintero, Roberto; Soto, Filo- 
 meno. Watchmakers Castaneda, Jose; Gonzalez, Pedro. 
 
 TLACOTALPAM (State of Veracruz) Agricultural implements Cba- 
 zaro e Hijos, Francisco; Chazaro, Sue., J. A.; Perez, Jose L.; 
 Schleske, Mauricio. Bankers Chazaro e Hijos, Francisco; Cha- 
 zaro, Sue., J. A. Books and stationery Hernandez, Jose J. Com- 
 mission merchants Chazaro e Hijos, Francisco; Chazaro, Sue., J. 
 A.; Perez, Jose L.; Schleske, Mauricio. Drugs Mnrillo, M.. 
 Reyes Miguel Marquez. Dry goods Crespo, Ignacio; Garcia y
 
 46 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Ga., Benito; Martinez, Jose Albino; Pons, Francisco. Furniture 
 ?ontan, Manuel; Lipp, Jacob; Reyes, Luis Felipe. Fancy goods 
 Morteo, Encarnacion ; Perez, Cesareo; Villar Hermanos. Grocer- 
 ies and provisions Carlin Hnos.; Chazaro e Hijos, Francisco; Cha- 
 zaro, J. A., Sue.; Fernandez, Francisco; Lopez, Ramon A.; Perez, 
 Jose L. ; Roca, Ramon; Schleske, Mauricio; "Villar Hnos. Hard- 
 ivare Morteo, Encarnacion; Schleske, Mauricio. Hatters Bei- 
 rana, Juan; Clatidio, Angel; Herrera, Antonio; Ortiz, Antonio. 
 Silversmiths Beirana, Luis; Peralta, Juan. 
 
 TLAXCALA (State of Tlaxcala) Banker Vinas, J. de J. Car- 
 riage dealer Santillana, Cayetano. Drugs Amad, Jose; Atamoros, 
 Francisco; Escudero, J. Engravers Chumacero, Manuel; Raso, 
 Tiburcio del. Fancy goods Barrera, Ignacio. Flour mills Aqui- 
 les de Pain; Gavito, Francisco G.; Hernandez, Carlos L.; Rivera 
 Hnos., Feliciano. Groceries and provisions Gavito, Francisco Gon- 
 zalez; Manriquez, Donaciano; Mendoza, Manuel; Ramos, J.: Vaz- 
 quez, Juan. Iron and ironware Picazo Hnos. Oil mill Rivera, 
 Rafael. Photographer Heredia, Miguel. Printing office Calde- 
 ron, Joaquin Diaz. Saddlery and harness Carrasco, Jose M. ; 
 Carvajal, Pedro; Prieto, Cecilio. Sewing machines Corona, Agus- 
 tin G.; Rio, Joaquin del. Silversmiths Alvarez, Nicolas; Garibay, 
 Manuel; Olivares, Bartolo; Robles, Jose M. ; Trnjillo, Filomeno. 
 
 TOLUCA (State of Mexico) Banker Cortina, Tomas. Book- 
 sellers Gordillo, Pascual Gonzalez; Libreria de la Juventud; Ve- 
 lazquez, Jose. Boots and shoes Barbabosa y Gomez, J.; Hernan- 
 dez, Ausencio; Legorreta, Vicente; Quiroz, Te6tilo. Carriage 
 dealer Betancourt, Abundio. Commission merchants Gonzalez y 
 Benavides; Medina Garduno, Manuel. Commission merchants 
 (sale by sample) Barenque, Demetrio; Gomez, Antonio Vilches; 
 Medina y Cruz, Manuel. Drugs Araujo, Rafael; Fernandez, 
 Fernando; Gutierrez, Felix; Hernandez, Mariano; Rodriguez, Juan. 
 Dry goods Ballina, Ramon; Prichardo, Francisco; Rojas, Juan 
 Gonzalez; Valdez, Angel. Engraver Sanchez, Jose M. Flour 
 mills Henkel e Hijos, Viuda de; Hinojosa, Carlota. Groceries and- 
 provisions Barrera, J.; Cortina y Hnos., Joaquin; Lopez, Jose; 
 Valdez, Dario. Hardware Gallegos, Jose; Gonzalez y Benavides; 
 Lopez, Jose; Vazquez, Lorenzo J. Hatters Alcocer, Manuel; Lo- 
 pez, J.; Torres, Luz; Zolly Hermanos. Lithographers Martinez
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 487 
 
 Pedro; Renteria, Felipe. Merchant tailors Flores, Ismael; Quin- 
 tana, Jldefonso; Vaez, J. Notions Gallegos, Jose; Gonzalez y Be- 
 navides; Lopez, Jose; Vazquez, Lorenzo J. Paints and oils So- 
 lalindo, J. Photographers Alba, Daniel; Torres Heimanos. 
 Printing offices Imprehta de la Escuela de Artes y On'cios; Manon 
 Hermanos; Quijano, Atanasio. Sewing machines Lopez, Jose. 
 Silk goods Alconeda, Josefa Valdezde; Santillan, Nicolas. Silver- 
 smiths Almazan, J.; Quiroz, Mariano. Upholstery and carpets 
 Arellano, J. Watchmakers Avila, Enrique; Olmedo, Juan. 
 
 VERA CRUZ (State of Veracruz) Agricultural implements Bello 
 y Ca., F. J.; During y Ca., M. ; Prado, Pepin y Ca., A. S. del; 
 Sommer, Herrmann y Ca.; Varela y Ca., R. Bankers Galainena 
 y Ca., J., Sue.; Martinez Hnos.; Sommer, Herrmann y Ca.; Struck 
 y Ca., Gustavo; Villa Hnos., Sue.; Zaldo Hnos. y Ca. Banks 
 Sucursal del Banco de Londi'es y Mexico; Sucursal del Banco Nacional 
 de Mexico. Booksellers and stationers Cabrera, Manuel; Carre- 
 dano, Viuda de; Jimenez, R. Rodriguez; Paso y Troacoso, J. del. 
 Boots and shoes Agiiero, Serapio; Carbonell, Paulino; Cuneo, 
 Juan; Diaz, Julian; Font, Francisco; Gonzalez, Jose D.; Horro, 
 Bernardo; Lopez, Juan; Mantecon, Pedro D.; Moll, J. M.; Ramos 
 Bias; Roque, Basilic; Sanchez, Alejandro; Valdes, Guadalupe. 
 China, glassware, lamps, etc. Izazola, Jose I; Palomo, J. ; Ribera, 
 Francisco; Riter y Ca., R. C.; Segundo, Alonso. Commission 
 merchants Aladro y Ca.; Ascorve y Ca., P. J.; Benito y Ca., C. ; 
 Busing y Ca., Guillermo., Sue.; D'Oleire y Ca., Sue.; Galainena y 
 Ca., J., Sue.; Garcia, Rafael; Hoyos, Braulio; Ibargiien, Bernabe- 
 Ituarte, Parres y Ca. ; Lama y Ca., Garcia de la; Loustan y Ca., D.; 
 Markoe y Ca., M. C. de; Mendez y Ca., P. G. ; Munoz y Ca., F. J. ; 
 O16zaga, Sue., Jos6 de; Pages, Jose Gonzalez; Pardo, Juan M.; 
 Tejeda y Ca., S. ; Temprana, C., Sue.; Torres, Vicente Reyes; Torre, 
 Antonio H. de la; Valdez, Manuel Pastor; Varela, R.; Villa Hnos., 
 Sue.; Zaldo Hnos. y Ca. Drugs Barrillo, A. ; Carrillo y Ca.. 
 Lomonaco, A.; Luis, H. y Hoyos; Mariscal, Carlos; Mu'ller, G., 
 Sue.; Rio, Arturo del; Rodriguez, Antonio S.; Seralta y Ca., S. 
 Dry goods Aparicio y Ca. ; Aragon y Hno., Julian; Benito y Ca., 
 C. ; Busing y Compania, Guillermo; Ollivier y Conipafiia, J. ; 
 Ramos y Ca., R. ; Sanchez y Fernandez; Struck y Ca., Gustavo; 
 Stiircke, Garcia, Sue.; Ulibarri, S.; Zaldo Hnos. y Ca. Exporters
 
 488 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 
 
 Aragon y Hno., Julian; Busing y Ca., Guillerrao., Sue.; During y 
 Ca., M.; Franchi, Ochoa y Ca. ; Galainena y Ca., J. ; Ituarte .y Ca., 
 F. J. ; Markoe y Ca., M. C. de; Martinez Hnos. ; Rivas y Meyenn; 
 Struck y Ca., Gustavo; Valdez, Mariano R.; Valdez, Manuel Castro; 
 Zaldo Hnos. y Ca. Furniture Arrieta, Teofilo; Izazola, Jos I.; 
 Zarate, J. de J. Groceries and provisions Calleja Hnos. y Ca.; 
 Franchi, Ochoa y Ca. ; Galainena y Ca., J., Sue.; Gomez y Ca.; Gui- 
 llaron y Ca.; Ituarte y Ca., F. J. ; Landero, Pasquel y Ca. ; Leyce- 
 qui y Ca., L. C. ; Markoe y Ca., M. C. de; Martin, Garcia y Ca.; 
 Martinez Hnos.; Martinez, Rivera y Ca. ; Oliver, Manuel; Rasines, 
 Perez y Ca. ; Rivas y Meyenn; Rolla, Gentini y Ca. ; Sierra y Hno., 
 R.; Tejeda y Ca., S.; Villa Hnos., Sue.; Wittenez, Vila y Ca. 
 Hardware Bello y Ca., F. J.; During y Ca., M. ; Escandon, 11- 
 berto; Gonzalez, Cipriano; Nicolas, Eulogio de; Prado, Pepin y Ca., 
 A. S. del; Summer, Hermann y Ca.; Varela y Ca., R. Hatters 
 Avila, Jose de J. ; Barros y Murillo; Valdes y Ca. ; M. Importers 
 Aragon y Hno., Julian; Bello y Ca., F. J. ; Benito y Ca., C. ; 
 Busing y Ca., Guillermo, Sue.; Cuesta, Cornejo y Ca. ; During y Ca., 
 M.; Franchi, Ochoa y Ca. ; Galainena y Ca., J., Sue.; Izazola, Jose 
 I.; Miiller, G. Sue.; Olivier y Ca., J.; Prado, A. S. del; Ramon y 
 C!a., R. ; Rivas y Meyenn; Sierra y Hno., R. ; Sommer, Hermann y 
 Ca. ; Struck y Ca., Gustavo; Stiircke, Garcia, Sue.; Ulibarri, S.; 
 Varela y Ca., R.; Wittenez, Vila y Ca. ; Zaldo Hnos. y Ca. Iron 
 and ironware Sommer, Hermann y Ca.; Varela, R. Jewelers 
 Luengo, L.; Melendez, Luis. Music stores Bello y Ca., F. J. ; 
 Carredano, Viuda de. Notions Bello y Ca., F. J.; During y Ca., 
 M.; Escandon, Alberto; Gonzalez, Cipriano; Nicolas, Eulogio de; 
 Prado, Pepin y Ca., A. F. del; Rivera, Francisco; Sommer, Herr- 
 mann y Ca.; Varela y Ca., R. Paints and oils Torres, Vicente 
 Reyes. Photographers Hijos de Ritcher; Ibanez e Hijo. Print- 
 ing offices Ledesma, J. ; Menvielle, Miguel; Rossel 6 Hijo, J. 
 Saddlery and harness Avila, Jose de J. Sewing machines 
 Cuesta, Cornejo y Compama; Mantecon y Compania, G.; Som- 
 mer, Herrmann y Ca. Silk goods Aragon y Herniano, Julian; 
 Benito y Ca., C.; Stiircke, Garcia, Sue.; Zaldo Hnos. y Ca. Watch- 
 makers Huguenin, C. ; Naspleda, Jose. Woods Tejeda y Ca., S. 
 VILLA LERDO (State of Durango) Commission merchants Al- 
 varez, Francisco G.; Fuchs, Ernesto; Francke, Hugo; Garcia, Ani-
 
 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OF MEXICO. 489 
 
 ceto; Bitter, Federico. Dry goods Calderon, Alberto; Calderon, 
 Pedro; Hernandez Hermanos, Sues.; Leal, Pedro; Hitter, Federico. 
 Groceries and provisions Balsiger & Co., W. ; Hernandez Her- 
 manos, Sues.; flitter, Federico. Hardware Fuentes y Pina; 
 Schugt & Mengdehl, Tajan, Sues. 
 
 ZACATECAS (State of Zacatecas) Agricultural implements Ca- 
 macho, Francisco; Ibargiiengoytia, J. & M.; Karber Fernando; Ortiz, 
 Ramon C.;Portilla, Ildefonso; Samper, Jose. Booksellers and station- 
 ers Bouret, Carlos; Medina, A. Boots and shoes Acevedo, An- 
 dres; Carbajal Hnos.; Dominguez, Jose M.; Luna, Guadalupe B.; Oy- 
 harcabal, O. Commission merchants Arbaiza, Jose; Camacho, 
 Francisco; Dorigo, Arturo L. ; Gallardo, Manuel Ortiz; Gonzalez y 
 Hno., F. Gomez; Gordoa, Benjamin G. ; Ibargiiengoytia, J. & M.5 
 Leon y Ca., Cruz Diaz de. ; Ortiz, Bamon C. ; Pacheco, Manuel; 
 Palmer Hnos.; Petit, Juan A.; Solorzano, Jos6 E.; Velasco, Juan; 
 Yermo, Hnos. Drugs Alvarez, Agustin; Calderon, Antonio; 
 Delgado, J. Correa; Duran, B. J. ; Gonzalez, Luis G. ; Hubert y Ca., 
 C. ; Moreno, Basilio; Ponce, Juan P.; Bodriguez, Margarito; Torres, 
 Jose; Yaladez, Gumesindo; Yalle, Geronimo del. Dry goods 
 Aubert, Enrique; Bellon y Ca., M. ; Caire y Gamier; Cazon y Ca. , 
 Antonio; Dokhelar, Juan; Fianck y Ca., M. ; Haramboure y Ca., 
 J.; Olavarria, Luis; Pellat y Jean; Perez, Francisco; Boug6n Hnos.; 
 Teillery y Ca., Sue. ; Viadero y Ca. Engraver Villegas, Vicente 
 F. Flour mills Escobedo, Anacleto; Tumoine, Victor. Groceries 
 and provisions Corvera, Pascual; Etchart y Segura; Gonzalez y 
 Hno., F. Gomez; Hatchandy y Ferran; Ledesma, Atanasio; Macias, 
 Luis; Martinez, M6nico. Hardware Bittrolff y Niemeyer; Karbe, 
 Fernando, Sue.; Neubert, Gustavo; Bodriguez Hnos.; Schroeder, 
 Gustavo; Schwartz. Carlos. Hatters Doering, Federico; Flebbe, 
 Joaquin; Langmack, Sue., Guillermo; Zolly, Hnos. Iron and iron- 
 toare Cainacho, Francisco; Gordoa, Benjamin Gomez; Ibargiien- 
 goytia, J. y M.; Petit, Juan A. Jewelers and watchmakers Brii- 
 chner, Guillermo; Dorian, Carlos; Gonzalez, Tomas M. Litho- 
 grapher Espinosa, Nazario. Merchant tailors Franck y Ca., M.; 
 Lopez, Simon; Bios, J. F.; Bios, Leonardo: Buiz, Alberto; Trujillo, 
 Tranquilino; Valdez, Marcos. Notions Baurraud, Guillermo; 
 Bittrolf y Niemeyer; Heheren, Edmundo; Ferran, Boman; Ferran, 
 Tomas; Karbe, Fernando, Sue.; Neubert, Gustavo; Bodiiguez Hnos.;
 
 490 MERCANTILE DIRECTORY OP MEXICO. 
 
 Senisson, Amado; Schroeder, Gustavo; Schwartz, Carlos. Photog- 
 raphers Barraza, Agustin; Hierro y Bonilla; Orozco, Manuel. 
 Printing offices Alvarez, Manuel .Rodriguez; Ceniceros y Villarreal, 
 Manuel; Esparza, Mariano K.; Espinoza, Nazario; Hospicio de 
 Ninos, Guadalupe; Imprenta de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios; Lorck, 
 Tomas. Saddlery and harness Martinez, Juan Pablo; .Rodriguez, 
 Pablo. Sewing machines Swain, Carlos W.; Velazquez, S. J. 
 Silk goods Caraza, Vitida de. Silversmiths Arteaga, Tirso; Or- 
 tega, Lino; Salazar, Exiquio. Watchmakers Briichner, Guillermo; 
 Dorian, C. ; Lebre, D.; Homo, Pedro.
 
 WELLS, FARGO & CO.'S EXPRESS. 
 
 LIST OF AGENTS. 
 
 Aguascalientes, Ags., W. J. Thompson; Ahorcado, Qto., V. Ba- 
 ,surto; Ahualulco, S. L. P., I. A. Gama; Allende, Coah., C. A. Wil- 
 liams; Apam, Hdgo., Mariano Ortega; Apaseo, Gto., J. L. Mar- 
 tinez; Apizaco, Tiax., Efren Perez; Altamira, Tarn., Nicanor 
 Moran. 
 
 Baroteran, Coah., M. L. Lindley; Berriozabal, Zac., Cleofas 
 Silva. 
 
 Cadereyta, N. L., S. V. Scott; Calera, Zac., E. O. Kramer; 
 Camacho, Zac., A. D. Warren; Canitas, Zac., H. D. Mory; Car- 
 denas, S. L. P., J. S. de Echagaray; Celaya, Gto., Vicente Jaime; 
 Cerritos, S. L. P., L. E. Valle; Ciudad Juarez, Chih., G. C. B. 
 Robinson; Ciudad Porfirio Diaz, Coah., S. Rose; Chico, Gto., F. 
 Macotela; Chihuahua, Chih., J. H. F. Van Enschut; Cordoba, V. 
 C., J. M. Gai'gollo; Cuautitlan, Mex., G. Breceua. 
 
 Danu, Hdgo., P. N. Moreno. 
 
 Eagle Pass, Tex., W. B. Burns; El Paso. Tex., M. B. Davis; El 
 Salto, Hdgo., N. Cortes; Encarnacion, Jal., C. B. Arreola; Escalon, 
 Chih., W. M. Brown; Esperanza, Pbla., Guillermo Ducoing; 
 Espiritu Santo, S. L. P., Jose Cervantes; Escandon, Tarn., A. C. 
 Barker. 
 
 Felipe, Coah., C. C. Kingsley; Fortin, V. C., Miguel Chavez; 
 Francisco, Gto., J. Teran; Fresnillo, Zac., L. J. Becerra. 
 
 Gallego, Chih., M. V. Fernandez; Garcia, N. L.. J. L. Gonzalez; 
 Guadalajara, Jal., O. Edlhard; Guadalupe, Zac., Manuel Frias; 
 Guaje, Gto., J. Veramendi; Guanajuato, Gto., E. Marucheau; Gene- 
 ral Gonzales, Tarn., H. J. Lilly. 
 
 Hercules, Qto., J. Dominguez: Hornos, Coah., G. H. Grant; Hua- 
 mantla, Tlax., J. M. Ortega; Huehuetoca, Mex., L. G. Zarzia. 
 
 Jalapa, V. C., F. M. Quiros; Jaral, Coah., P. McElhatton; Ji- 
 menez, Chih., B. Pratz; Jimulco, Coah., E. E. Learn. 
 
 (491)
 
 492 WELLS, FARGO & Co.'s EXPRESS. 
 
 La Barca, Jal.. T. O. Guapo; La Cruz, Chih., F. C. Chavez; La 
 Cruz, Tmps., J. Ingram; Lagos, Jal., J. J. Gutierrez; Laguna, 
 Chih., G. L. Vaughan; La Honda, Zac., S. B. Valdovinos; La Pie- 
 dad, Mich., J. M. G. Fernandez; Las Canoas, S. L. P., M. Zamora; 
 Las Palmas, S. L. P., E. Salas; Las Tablas, S. L. P., A. Madrigal; 
 Lecheria, Mex., A. G. de la Rosa; Leon, Gto., G. V. Sternenfels; 
 Lerdo, Dgo., F. J. Perez; Linares, N. L., H. Skinner. 
 
 Mapimi, Dgo., Rafael Acosta; Marfil, Gto., J. Gutierrez; Mar- 
 quez, Hdgo., F. A. Perez; Matamoros, Coah., Boon Barker; Mexico 
 Capital, D. F., J. M. Siebert; Monclova, Coah., F. B. James; Monte-, 
 morelos, N. L., G. L. Counts; Monterey, N. L., J. N. Claggett. 
 
 Negrete, Mich., M. E. Carrillo; Nogales, V. C., Carlos Mateos; 
 JKopala, Hdgo., J. Valdivia. 
 
 Ocotlan, Jal., S. Hermosillo; Ojo Caliente, Chih., I. R. Uranga; 
 Ometusco, Mex., R. Ricoy; Orizaba, V. C., Angel Jimenez; Ortiz, 
 Chih., John C. Allen. 
 
 Pachuca, Hdgo., L. D. Etie; Paila, Coah.. C. J. Claudel; Paso 
 del Macho, V. C., A. Vargas; Pedrito, Jal., Emilio Rebollar; Pen- 
 jamo, Gto., J. Betancourb; Penuelas, Ags., E. V. Padilla; Picardias, 
 Dgo., Jesus Fernandez; Polotitlan, Hdgo., E. Dominguez; Puebla 
 Pbla., M. Alrizuri. 
 
 Queretaro, Qto., F. Y. Oochrane. 
 
 Rascon, S. L. P., J. A. Fensaermacher; Rincon de Romos, Ags., 
 G. Guerrero; Rinconada, Pbla. , J. C. Rodriguez. 
 
 Sabinas, Coah., G. W. Johnston; Salamanca, Gto., S. Ochoa; 
 Salinas, S. L. P., M. P. Garcia; Samalayuca, Chih., J. M. Dunn; 
 San Andres, Pbla., M. Gonzalez; San Antonio, Hdgo., Y. Aguilera; 
 San Bartolo, S. L. P., A. Garcia; San Gil, Ags., M. M. Gutierrez; 
 San Jose, Chih., P. W. Wyman; San Juan del Rio, Qto., Joaquin 
 Carrasco; San Luis Potosi, S. L. P., Oskar Bergh; San Marcos, 
 Pbla., L. Castillo; Santa Ana, Tlax., J. Ramirez; Santa Barbara, 
 Jal., A. F. Carrillo; Santa Maria, Jal., A. Valdes; Santa Rosalia, 
 Chih., V. E. Palacios; Sauz, Chih., E. J. Burgess; Silao, Gto., J. 
 Buttgenbach; Soledad, Ags., J. M. Carrillo; Symon, Coah., P. 
 Acosta; San Pedro, Coah., J. H. Aldrich; Sierra Mojada, Coah., J. 
 Deemer. 
 
 Tlalnepantla, Mex., J. E. Nieto; Tampico, Tmps., G. C. Basadre;
 
 WELLS, FARGO & Co.'s EXPRESS. 
 
 493 
 
 Teoloyucan, Mex., J. Villalobos; Torreon, Coah., I. C. Walker; 
 Tula, Hdgo., M. Macotela. 
 
 Valles, S. L. P., A. Belgoder; Venadito, Coah., G. S. Huxley; 
 Vera Cruz, V. C., A. . de Blanc; Victoria, Tmps., W. J. Storms; 
 Villagran, Tmps., Francisco Moran; Villalobos, Gto., J Yanez. 
 
 Yrapuato, Gto., G. M. Lemon; Yrolo, Hdgo., Jose Ponce; Yure- 
 cuaro, Mich., E. M. Torres. 
 
 Zacatecas, Zac., C. R. Felix. 
 
 LOCAL TARIFF FROM CITY OF MEXICO. 
 
 [Rates in Mexican money. For value less than $1,000 inquire at Agencies. 
 For weights less than 100 Ibs. the rate is proportionate to the weight, in 
 conformity with the graduated tariff in offices.] 
 
 TO 
 
 <2 
 
 3 _- 
 "rt5- 
 
 Freight 
 per 100 Ibs. 
 
 TO 
 
 <D . 
 8 
 
 , 
 
 S - 
 
 * 
 
 Freight 
 per 100 Ibs. 
 
 Ord. 
 
 Esp. 
 
 Ord. 
 
 Esp. 
 
 Aguascalientes, Ags. 
 Ahorcado, Qto 
 
 $475 
 1 75 
 600 
 900 
 100 
 250 
 1 50 
 1325 
 900 
 525 
 1025 
 575 
 700 
 625 
 725 
 250 
 675 
 900 
 
 900 
 
 275 
 900 
 325 
 75 
 1 50 
 900 
 900 
 75 
 450 
 POO 
 
 $475 
 1 75 
 600 
 900 
 1 00 
 250 
 1 50 
 1425 
 1000 
 525 
 11 25 
 575 
 700 
 625 
 725 
 250 
 675 
 1000 
 
 1000 
 275 
 1000 
 325 
 75 
 1 50 
 1000 
 1000 
 75 
 450 
 925 
 
 $375 
 1 25 
 500 
 
 "75 
 200 
 1 10 
 
 '425 
 
 "475 
 600 
 525 
 600 
 200 
 575 
 600 
 
 600 
 225 
 600 
 250 
 60 
 1 10 
 600 
 600 
 60 
 375 
 
 Esperanza, Pbla. . . 
 Espiritu Santo.S.L.P 
 Escandon, Tarn 
 Felipe, Coah 
 
 $2 75 
 550 
 950 
 900 
 3-25 
 350 
 575 
 900 
 975 
 900 
 500 
 55o 
 250 
 350 
 200 
 850 
 1 75 
 75 
 50) 
 900 
 900 
 775 
 425 
 900 
 11 75 
 400 
 900 
 525 
 375 
 750 
 
 |276 
 550 
 10 
 1000 
 325 
 350 
 575 
 lOOo 
 1075 
 1000 
 500 
 550 
 2 50 
 350 
 200 
 8 50 
 175 
 75 
 500 
 950 
 975 
 775 
 425 
 1000 
 12 75 
 400 
 1000 
 5 "25 
 375 
 750 
 
 $275 
 450 
 
 250 
 275 
 475 
 
 '466 
 450 
 200 
 275 
 1 50 
 
 1 25 
 60 
 400 
 
 350 
 
 325 
 
 425 
 300 
 
 Ahualulco, S. L. P. . 
 
 Apam Hdgo 
 
 Fortiu, V.C 
 
 Apaseo Gto 
 
 
 
 Fresmllo, Zac 
 
 Altamira, Tarn .... 
 Baroteran, Coah .... 
 Berriozabal, Zac .... 
 Cadereyta, N. L. . . . 
 Oalera, Zac 
 
 Gallego, Chih 
 
 Garcia N. L 
 
 Gral Gonzalez, Tam . 
 Guadalajara, Jal .... 
 Guadalupe, Zac 
 Guaje, Gto 
 
 Camacho Zac 
 
 Canitas, Zac 
 
 Guanajuato, Gto. . . . 
 Hercules, Qto 
 
 Cardenas, S. L. P... 
 Celaya Gto . . 
 
 Hornos, Coah 
 
 Cerritos, S. L. P... 
 Ciudad Juarez, Chih. 
 Ciudad Porfirio Diaz, 
 Coah 
 
 Huamantla, Tlax. . . 
 Huehuetoca, Mex... 
 Jalapa, V. C 
 
 Jaral, Coah 
 
 Chico Gto 
 
 
 Chihuahua, Chih. . . 
 Cordoba, V. C 
 Cuautitlan, Mex... 
 Daflu, Hdgo 
 
 Jimulco, Coah 
 
 La B trca, Jal 
 
 La Cruz, Chih 
 
 La Cruz, Tmps 
 Lagos Jal 
 
 Eagle Pass, Tex .... 
 El Paso, Tex 
 
 Laguna, Chih . 
 La Honda, Zac 
 
 El Salto, Hdgo 
 Encarnacion, Jal .... 
 Esealon, Chih 
 
 La Fiedad, Mich .... 
 Us Canoaa. S. L. P.
 
 494 
 
 WELLS, FAKGO & Go.'s EXPRESS. 
 
 LOCAL TARIFF FROM CITY OF MEXICO CONTINUED. 
 
 TO 
 
 S 6 
 
 V . 
 
 a* 
 
 Freight 
 per 100 Ibs. 
 
 TO 
 
 ,0 
 v o 
 
 3 - 
 
 a* 
 
 Freight 
 per 100 Ibs. 
 
 Ord. 
 
 Esp. 
 
 Ord. 
 
 Esp. 
 
 Las Palmas, S. L. P. 
 LasTablas, S. L. P. 
 Lecheria, Mex 
 
 $825 
 700 
 75 
 350 
 825 
 11 00 
 850 
 350 
 1 25 
 825 
 
 825 
 
 $700 
 50 
 350 
 825 
 1200 
 850 
 350 
 1 25 
 825 
 
 $600 
 50 
 275 
 
 Salamanca, Gto 
 Salinas, S. L. P 
 
 $275 
 550 
 900 
 250 
 1 00 
 700 
 500 
 900 
 1 75 
 525 
 200 
 175 
 425 
 425 
 900 
 900 
 32.=> 
 500 
 7 25 
 875 
 975 
 75 
 900 
 75 
 800 
 1 00 
 800 
 900 
 400 
 1025 
 1075 
 325 
 300 
 1 00 
 400 
 550 
 
 $275 
 
 550 
 1000 
 250 
 1 00 
 7 00 
 500 
 1000 
 1 75 
 60,) 
 200 
 175 
 425 
 42- 
 1000 
 1000 
 325 
 500 
 7 25 
 875 
 1075 
 fO 
 900 
 75 
 800 
 1 00 
 800 
 975 
 400 
 11 25 
 11 75 
 325 
 300 
 1 00 
 400 
 5 50 
 
 $225 
 450 
 
 Samalayuca, Chih . . . 
 San Andres, Pbla. . . 
 San Antonio, Hdgo . 
 San Bartolo, S. L. P. 
 San Gil, Ags 
 
 Leon, Gto 
 
 200 
 75 
 600 
 400 
 
 Lerdo, Dgo 
 
 Linares, N. L. 
 
 
 Mapinif, Dgo 
 
 
 Marfil Gto 
 
 275 
 1 00 
 
 San JOBC, Chih 
 
 Marquez, Hdgo. . . . 
 Matamoros, Coah . . . 
 Mexico (City of), D. F 
 Monclova, Coah 
 Montemorelos, N. L. 
 Monterey, N. L 
 
 San Juan del Rio, Q to. 
 San LuisPotosi,S. L. P 
 San Marcos, Pbla. . . 
 Santa Ana, Tlax. . . . 
 Santa Barbara, Jal.. 
 Santa Maria, Jal .... 
 Santa Rosalia, Chih 
 Sauz, Chih 
 
 1 25 
 500 
 150 
 1 25 
 350 
 350 
 
 
 900 
 1075 
 650 
 425 
 300 
 
 iio 
 
 450 
 900 
 1 00 
 325 
 900 
 1 50 
 900 
 350 
 375 
 350 
 450 
 800 
 1 50 
 200 
 200 
 775 
 500 
 295 
 900 
 
 1000 
 1175 
 550 
 425 
 300 
 1 50 
 450 
 1000 
 1 00 
 325 
 1000 
 1 50 
 900 
 350 
 375 
 350 
 450 
 800 
 1 50 
 200 
 200 
 7 75 
 500 
 225 
 1000 
 
 
 450 
 350 
 250 
 1 10 
 375 
 
 "75 
 250 
 
 Negrete, Mich 
 
 Nogales, V. C 
 
 
 Nopala, Hd^o 
 
 Silao, Gto 
 
 250 
 400 
 600 
 
 Ocotlan, Jal 
 
 Soledad, As 
 
 Ojo Caliente, Chih.. 
 Omestusco, Mex 
 Orizaba, V. C 
 
 Symon, Coah 
 
 San Pedro, Coah 
 Sierra Mojada, Coah . 
 Tlalnepantla, Mex. . . 
 Tampico, Tmps 
 
 
 Ortiz Chih 
 
 50 
 
 Pachuca, Hdgo 
 
 1 10 
 
 Paila, Coah 
 
 Teoloyucan, Mex . . . 
 Torreon, Coah 
 
 60 
 
 600 
 
 75 
 
 6'66 
 325 
 
 '256 
 250 
 75 
 325 
 4 50 
 
 Paso del Macho, V.C. 
 Pedrito, Jal 
 
 275 
 300 
 275 
 375 
 
 Tio 
 
 1 50 
 150 
 
 400 
 1 75 
 
 Tula, Hdgo 
 
 Penjamo, Gto . 
 Penuelas, Ags 
 
 Valles, S L. P 
 
 Venadito, Coah 
 Veracruz, V. C 
 Victoria, Tmps 
 Villagran, Tmps. . . . 
 Villolobos, Gto 
 Yrapuato, Gto 
 
 Picardias Dgo 
 
 Polotitlan, Hdgo 
 Puebla Pbla 
 
 Queretaro, Qto 
 Rascon, S. L. P 
 Rincon de Romos, Ags 
 Rinconada, Pbla. . . . 
 Sabinas. Coah . . 
 
 Yrolo, Hdgo 
 
 Yurecuaro, Mich. . .. 
 Zacateoas. Z c . . 
 
 The ordinary tariff rate is applicable to all ordinary classes of merchandise 
 and other articles not classified in any other manner. 
 
 The special tariff rate is applicable to any shipment of sugar cane, fresh 
 meats, game, beer, fresh fruits, ice, eggs, milk, vegetables, butter, oysters, 
 fresh fish, pulque, and cheese. 
 
 No package shall be received for any distance, if the charge is less than 
 25 eta. 
 
 JOHN J. VALENTINE, General Manager, San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 E. M. COOPER, Superintendent General, P. D., San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 DANIEL TURNER, Superintendent, City of Mexico.
 
 POSTAL RATES. 
 
 Postal rates in Mexico are as follows: 
 
 SERVICE TO THE INTERIOR. 
 
 The mail rates for the interior service of the Republic are as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 FIRST- CLASS MATTER. Letters or communications. 
 
 Up to 15 grams (J ounce) 10 cts. 
 
 More than 15 and less than 30 (1 ounce) 20 " 
 
 " 30 " " 45 (1 " ) 30 " 
 
 " 45 " " 60 (2 " ) 40 " 
 
 60 " " 75 (2J " ) 50 " 
 
 " 75 " " 90 (3 " ) 60 " 
 
 " 90 '< " 105 (3$ " ) 70 " 
 
 105 " " 120 (4 " ) 80 " 
 
 And so on successively, adding 10 cents for each 15 grams (^ 
 ounce) or fraction of that weight, up to 2 kilograms,' the highest 
 weight admissible in the mails. 
 
 Letter card, each one 10 cts. 
 
 Postal card, each one 5 " 
 
 Postal card, with answer prepaid 10 " 
 
 SECOND CLASS. Periodical publications. 
 
 Those registered according to Postal Regulations, sent by editors 
 or their agents, for each 480 grams (one pound) or fraction thereof, 
 4 cents. 
 
 Prospectuses or first numbers of said publications are sent free. 
 
 THIRD CLASS. Books, circulars (not official), business documents? 
 publications not periodicals, copy for printers, proofs, corrected or 
 not, the original copy and printed matter, not included in the second 
 class, and second-class matter not sent by editors or their agents. 
 
 (495)
 
 496 POSTAL RATES. 
 
 Up to 60 grams 1 ct. 
 
 More than 60 and less than 120 2 cts. 
 
 " 120 " " 180 3 " 
 
 " 180 " " 240 4 " 
 
 240 " " 300 5 " 
 
 And so on successively, adding 1 cent for each 60 grains (2 
 ounces) or fraction thereof, up to 2 kilograms. 
 
 FOURTH CLASS. Samples without mercantile value, and articles 
 not comprised in the first, second, and third class, and that owing 
 to the volume, weight, and shape, may be admitted in the mail. 
 
 Up to 30 grams (1 ounce) 2 cts. 
 
 More than 30 and less than 60 (2 ounces) 4 " 
 
 " 60 " 90 (3 " ) 6 
 
 90 " " 120(4 " ) 8 " 
 
 120 " '150 (5 " ) 10 
 
 And so on successively, adding 2 cents for each 30 grams or 
 portion thereof, up to 2 kilograms. 
 
 SERVICE IN CITIES. 
 FIRST-CLASS MATTER. 
 
 Up to 15 grams (i ounce) 4 cts. 
 
 More than 15 and less than 30 (1 ounce) 8 " 
 
 " ' 30 " " 45 (1 ) 12 " 
 
 " 45 " " 60 (2 " ) 16 " 
 
 And so on successively, adding 4 cents for each 15 grams ( 
 ounce) or fraction thereof up to 2 kilograms. 
 
 Letter card, each 4 cts. 
 
 Postal " " 2 " 
 
 Postal " with answer prepaid 4 " 
 
 SECOND, THIRI>, AND FOURTH CLASS MATTER. The same as for 
 interior service. 
 
 REGISTERED LETTERS. The fee for registration is 25 cents for 
 interior and city service, which must be paid in postage stamps, to 
 be adhered to the mail matter by the sender, together with the cor- 
 responding postage thereon.
 
 POSTAL RATES. 497 
 
 SERVICE TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES INCLUDED IN THE UNIVERSAL 
 POSTAL UNION (EXCEPTING THE UNITED STATES). 
 
 If sent by steamers receiving subsidy : 
 
 Letters up to 15 grams 5 cts. 
 
 And same amount for each 15 grams additional. 
 
 Printed matter up to 50 grams 1 ct. 
 
 And same amount for each 50 grams additional 
 up to 2 kilograms, limit allowed. 
 
 Postal cards, each 2 cts. 
 
 Postal cards with answer prepaid 4 " 
 
 If sent by steamers not receiving subsidy: 
 
 Letters up to 15 grams 10 " 
 
 And same amount for each 15 grams additional. 
 
 Printed matter up to 50 grams 2 " 
 
 And same amount for each 50 grams additional 
 up to 2 kilograms, limit allowed. 
 
 Postal cards, each 3 " 
 
 Postal cards each with answer prepaid 6 " 
 
 Mail matter for countries in the Postal Union may be registered 
 upon the payment of a registration fee of 10 cents. 
 
 Persons desiring to receive acknowledgment of receipt of regis- 
 tered mail, may do so by paying an additional fee of 5 cents. 
 
 The regulations as to registration are applicable to jio&tal pack 
 ages of merchandise. 
 
 SPECIAL RATES FOR THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 Letters up to 15 grams 5 cts. 
 
 More than 15 and less than 30 10 " 
 
 " 30 " " 45 15 " 
 
 " 45 " " 60 20 " 
 
 " 60 " " 75 25 " 
 
 75 " " 90. 30 " 
 
 " 90 " 105 35 " 
 
 105 " 120 40 
 
 And so on successively, adding 5 cents for each 15 grams or 
 .fraction thereof. 
 
 Postal cards, each 2 cts. 
 
 Postal cards with answer prepaid 4 " 
 
 81
 
 498 POSTAL RATES. 
 
 SECOND CLASS. Periodical publications registered by the editors, 
 and sent by them or their agents, for each 480 grams, or fraction 
 thereof, 4 cents. 
 
 THIRD CLASS.- -Books, circulars, business documents, publications 
 not periodicals, printers' proofs, etc., for each 60 grants or frac-* 
 tion thereof, 1 cent. 
 
 FOURTH CLASS. Samples of merchandise and other articles not 
 comprised in first, second, and third classes up to 100 graws, 2 
 cents; exceeding 100 grams and not 150, 3 cents; and so on 
 successively, adding one cent for each 50 grams or fraction 
 thereof up to 2 kilograms, maximum allowed. 
 
 Postal Packages with Merchandise. 
 
 Up to 460 grams 12 cts. 
 
 More than 460 and less than 920 24 " 
 
 " 920 " " 1,380 36 
 
 For fur the information, see Postal Convention and Parcel Post 
 Convention with United States, from page 227 to page 238. 
 
 SERVICE TO COUNTRIES NOT COMPRISED WITHIN THE POSTAL UNION. 
 FIRST-CLASS MATTER. 
 
 Postal card or postal letter 20 cts. 
 
 Letter up to 15 grams 20 " 
 
 More than 15 and less than 30 40 " 
 
 30 " " 60 60 " 
 
 And so on successively, adding 20 cents for each 15 grams or 
 fraction thereof. 
 
 SECOND-CLASS MATTER. Periodical publications registered and 
 mailed by editors or their agents, pay at the rate of 8 cents for each 
 480 grams or fraction thereof. 
 
 THIRD-CLASS MATTER. Books, circulars, business documents, 
 publications not periodicals, proof sheets, etc., pay at the rate of 2 
 cents for each 30 grams or fraction thereof. 
 
 FOURTH-CLASS MATTER. Articles comprised in this class pay at 
 the rate of 4 cents for each 30 grams and portion thereof. 
 
 On mail and articles coming from said countries parties receiving 
 them must pay in postage stamps the same amount stated as above, 
 otherwise delivery will not be made.
 
 POSTAL RATES. 499 
 
 The system of registered mail has not been adopted for such coun- 
 tries. 
 
 POSTAGE FROM UNITED STATES TO MEXICO. 
 
 By virtue of the Postal Convention already included here, the 
 postage from the United States to Mexico is the same as in the 
 former country, except that merchandise not bona-fide trade samples 
 is required to be sent by parcels post. Sealed packages other than 
 letters are unmailable. 
 
 Therefore, postage on letters addressed in the United States to 
 Mexico is 2 cents for each ounce or fractien thereof; postal cards, 1 
 cent; newspapers and magazines, 1 cent for each 4 ounces or frac- 
 tion; printed matter, "circulars, books, etc.," one cent for each 2 
 ounces or fraction; merchandise, 1 cent for each ounce or fraction, 
 and registry fee is 10 cents, in addition to regular postage. 
 
 Packages may be sent by parcel post to Mexico, as already stated. 
 The package for a parcel not exceeding one pound in weight is 12 
 cents; for every additional pound or fraction thereof, 12 cents, the 
 limits of dimensions of parcels being 2 feet by 4 feet. Such pack- 
 ages can be mailed only at the post office, where full instructions 
 are given as to manner of wrapping, addressing, etc.
 
 PRINCIPAL RAILWAYS OF THE REPUBLIC. 
 
 GENERAL INFORMATION, CONDENSED TIME TABLES, 
 . ETC., ETC. 
 
 MEXICAN CENTRAL RAILWAY. 
 
 This railway was constructed by virtue of a concession granted 
 by the Mexican Government in [April, 1880, which has been 
 amended and modified at various times, thus permitting the com- 
 pany (incorporated in the State of Massachusetts, February 25, 
 1880) to build branch lines to Guadalajara, San Luis Potosi, Tam- 
 pico, and other towns of importance. Though nominally work was 
 commenced in May, 1880, but little was done that year. Construc- 
 tion was carried simultaneously at its northern and southern ex- 
 tremities, and thereby the company was enabled to terminate the 
 main line sooner than was anticipated by the general public. In 
 September, 1882, the road was finished from Paso del Norte to 
 Chihuahua, and in November of the same year the locomotive 
 reached Silao from the City of Mexico. Great progress was made 
 in 1884, the northern end being at- Jimenez in June and at Lerdo in 
 September; and the southern extremity being carried to Lagos in 
 the early part of the year, to Encarnacion in'^June, to Aguas Calien- 
 tes in September, and to Zacatecas three days before Christmas. 
 The month of March, 1884, saw the said main line completed, and 
 on the 8th of that month the government inspector informed the 
 Department of Public Woi-ks at the City of Mexico that the last 
 spike had been driven at kilometer 764, near Fresnillo, thus con- 
 necting the northern and southern sections of the railway. 
 
 The first through train left the capital of the Republic on the 22d 
 of March, 1884, but the road was not opened to regular passenger 
 traffic till the 10th of the succeeding Apiil. The Guadalajara 
 (500)
 
 PRINCIPAL RAILWAYS OF THE REPUBLIC. 501 
 
 division was opened May 21, 1888. During the year ending 
 May 1, 1890, about 200 miles of new road were built, including 
 the completion of the Tampico division, which was finished March 
 30, 1890, and which now brings the line to the Gulf of Mexico at 
 Tampico. The Tampico Harbor Company (practically owned by this 
 company) has been organized for the purpose of canalizing, by jet- 
 ties, the harbor of Tampico, for the aid of which purpose a conces- 
 sion has been granted by the Mexican Government. Work was 
 commenced March 13, 1890, and it is expected to have the entire 
 undertaking completed this year. 
 
 The officers of the company are; S. W. Reynolds, President, Bos- 
 ton, Massachusetts; R. R. Symon, Vice President, London, England. 
 E. W. Jackson, Second Vice President and General Manager, 
 Mexico, Mexico; J. T. Harmer, Clerk and Treasurer, Boston, Mas- 
 sachusetts; W. A. Frost, Auditor, Mexico, Mexico; J. F. Harmer, 
 General Auditor, Boston, Massachusetts; Assistant Manager, E. 
 H. Whorf, Mexico, Mexico; and General Passenger and Freight 
 Agent, A. C. Michaelis, Mexico, Mexico. 
 
 Principal office and address in the United States, 70 Kilby Street, 
 Boston. Offices at City of Mexico at Buena Vista station. 
 
 The main line and branches of the railway are as follows: 
 
 MILKS. 
 
 Main line, City of Mexico to El Paso, Texas 1,224.16 
 
 Guanajuato branch, Silao to Guanajuato 11 .34 
 
 Branch to stone quarry 6. 50 
 
 San Luis division, Chicalote to San Luis Potosi 130.70 
 
 Tampico division, San Luis Potosi to Tampico 275.82 
 
 Bar extension, Tampico to La Barra 5.90 
 
 San Bias division 16.60 
 
 Guadalajara division 160.9 I 
 
 Total mileage 1 ,832.00 
 
 The road is broad gauge, 4 feet 8i inches. 
 
 Through train from City of Mexico for Ciudad Juarez (Paso del 
 Norte) daily at 8:15 p. M., arriving third day, 7 A. M. From Ciudad 
 Juarez 6:30 p. M., arriving at the City of Mexico 7 A. M. third day. 
 
 Accommodation train from City of Mexico for Leon daily at 7:30 
 A. M., arriving 7:30 P. M. same day. From Leon 6:30 A. M., arriving 
 same dav 6:30 P. M.
 
 502 PRINCIPAL RAILWAYS OF THE REPUBLIC. 
 
 From Silao to Guanajuato (Guanajuato branch) daily upon ar- 
 rival of through and accommodation trains either way. 
 
 From Iraparato to Guadalajara daily at 8:45 A. M., arriving same 
 day at 4:45 P. M. From Guadalajara at 9:15 A: M., arriving at 5:15 
 p. M. 
 
 Fro n Agu xscalientes to San Luis Potosi daily at 1 :45 P. M., ar- 
 riving at 7 P. M. From San Luis Potosi at 7:30 A. M., arriving at 
 12:45 P. M. 
 
 Trains for Tampico leave San Luis Potosi on Tuesdays and Fri- 
 days at 12:15 A. M., and for San Luis Potosi from Tampico on 
 Wednesdays and Saturdays at 9:30 A. M. 
 
 THE MEXICAN RAILWAY. 
 
 This is the first railway constructed in the Republic, having been 
 begun in 1857, and portions of the line were opened at different 
 times. Tbe Puebla branch was inaugurated in 1869, the main line 
 was opened for its entire length in 1873, and the extension from 
 Ometusco toPacheco in December, 1890. The line is well built, the 
 gauge is 4 feet, 8J inches, and its cost amounted to $30,000,000. 
 
 Its officers are: Thomas C. Sanders, President, London, England; 
 Secretary, John T. Dennison, London, England. General office, 45 
 New Broad Street, London, E. C. Offices at City of Mexico, 
 Buena Vista Station. Resident Director, Thomas Braniff, City of 
 Mexico. General Manager, George Foot, City of Mexico. 
 
 MILES. 
 
 Main line of road, City of Mexico to Vera Cruz 264 
 
 Pachuca branch, Oinetusca to Pachuca 28 
 
 Puebla branch, Apizaco to Puebla 29 
 
 Total 321 
 
 The company also operates the Jalapa branch from Jalapa to 
 Vera Cruz, 70.75 miles, of which 9.5 miles are operated as part of 
 the company's main line, and included in its length (264 miles), 
 as given above. 
 
 Trains from City of Mexico for Vera Cruz leave daily at 7 A. M., 
 arriving on the same day at 6:30 P.M. From Vera Cruz trains leave 
 at 6 A. M., arriving at 6:40 p. M. Close connections are made with 
 such trains at Apizaco for Puebla and at Ometusco for Pachuca.
 
 PRINCIPAL RAILWAYS OF THE EEPUBLIC. 503 
 
 MEXICAN NATIONAL RAILROAD. 
 
 The company operating this road is a reorganization of the Mex- 
 ican National Railway Company, whose property was sold under 
 foreclosure in May, 1887. The through line was completed Sep- 
 tember 28, 1888, and opened for traffic November 1, 1888. 
 
 The officers of the company are: W. G. Raoul, President, New 
 York City, N. Y.; J. A. Horsey, Vice President, New York City, 
 N. Y.; Treasurer, Gabriel Morton, New York, N. Y.; Secretary, 
 A. Anderson, Jr., New York City; Theo. D. Kline, General Mana- 
 ger, City of Mexico; B. W.Thatcher, General Freight and Passenger 
 Agent, City of Mexico. 
 
 Principal office and address, No. 6 Wall Street, New York City, 
 N. Y. City of Mexico address, No. 28 Calle de Ortega. 
 
 MILES. 
 
 Mainline of road, City of Mexico to Nuevo Laredo 838.63 
 
 El Salto branch, City of Mexico to El Salto 42.41 
 
 Patzcuaro branch, Acambaro to Patzcuaro 95.85 
 
 Belt Line Railroad, .Santiago to San Lazaro customs gate 
 
 * in City of Mexico 3.17 
 
 Matamoros Division, Matamoros to San Miguel 75.50 
 
 Texas Mexican Railway, Corpus Christi, Texas, to Laredo 
 
 , and branch 162.03 
 
 Brown >ville and Gulf, Rio Grande River through Browns- 
 ville, Texas 1.00 
 
 Total 1,218.59 
 
 Besides other lines used as side tracks and tramway. . . . 13.65 
 
 Total length of lines 1,232.24 
 
 The road is narrow gauge. 
 
 Through train from City of Mexico to Laredo, Texas, leaves daily 
 at 2:30 P. M., arriving at Laredo 7 A. M. third day. From Laredo at 
 
 25 P. M. daily, arriving at City of Mexico 1:15 p. M. third day. 
 
 Accommodation train leaves daily City of Mexico 6:15 A. M., ar- 
 riving at San Miguel Allende at 8:30 p. M. same day. Leaves San 
 Miguel at 5:45 A. M., and arrives at City of Mexico at 8:05 p. M. 
 
 Accommodation train leaves daily Laredo, Texas, at 6:35 A. M., 
 arriving at Monterey at 7 p. M. Leaves Monterey at 7:15 A. M., 
 and arrives at Laredo, Texas, at 7:25 p. M.
 
 504 PRINCIPAL RAILWAYS OP THE REPUBLIC. 
 
 There are trains running between Acambaro and Morelia, leaving 
 4:25 P. M. daily (Sundays excepted) and 7:45 A. M. daily. The 
 latter goes as far as Patzcuaro. 
 
 MEXICAN INTEROCEANIC RAILWAY. 
 
 The main line of this company is to extend from Vera Cruz, on 
 the Gulf of Mexico to Acapulco, on the Pacific Coast, passing through 
 the City of Mexico. The road from the capital to Jalapa is open to 
 traffic, and tlie portion from Jalapa to Vera Cruz is already con- 
 structed. It has a branch from Matamorcs Izucar on the main line 
 to Puebla, and a portion of the line to Acapulco as far as Jojutla is 
 built. It is a narrow-gauge line. 
 
 Trains leave City of Mexico daily at 6:30 A. M., arriving at Ja- 
 lapa at 7:10 P. M. of the same day. Leave Jalapa at 5:50 A. M. and 
 arrive at City of Mexico at 6:04 p. M. Besides there are accommo- 
 dation trains from Puebla to Jalapa and the City of Mexico. 
 
 Trains leave City of Mexico daily at 8 A. M., arriving at Jojutla at 
 5:30 P. M. Leave Jojutla at 6:30 A. M., arriving at City of Mexico 
 at 5:22 P. M. 
 
 Offices of company at San Lazaro Station, City of Mexico. 
 
 MEXICAN INTERNATIONAL RAILWAY. 
 
 This railway is an extension of the Southern Pacific Company's 
 system of railroads. It was opened to traffic in the year 1884. Its 
 line extends 517 miles, from Ciutlad Porfirio Diaz (Piedras Negras) 
 to Torreon, where it connects with the Mexican Central Railway. 
 
 MILES. 
 
 Main line of road, Ciudad Porfirio Diaz to Torreon 283. 1 1 
 
 Lampazos branch, completed from near Sabinas Station to 
 
 Hondo 12.31 
 
 San Pedro branch, Hornos to San Pedro 14.35 
 
 Total mileage in operation 409.77 
 
 It is a broad-gauge line. Construction is now going on from 
 Torreon towards the City of Durango. 
 
 About 70 miles, extending from Ciudad Porfirio Diaz to Sabinas, 
 and including the part within Mexican territory of the International 
 Bridge over the Rio Grande, were completed in 1883. In 1884
 
 PRINCIPAL RAILWAYS OF THE REPUBLIC. 505 
 
 89.37 miles of the main line were completed, and also 10.84 of the 
 Lampazos branch, the latter thus reaching the coal fields of San 
 Felipe. The track of the main line was completed January 12, 
 1888, to Torreon, and operation on the road was commenced March 
 1, 1888. The San Pedro branch was built? in 1890. 
 
 Officers: C. P. Huntington, President, New York City, N. Y.- 
 E. St. John, Vice President, New York Cjty, N. Y.; Treasurer, F. 
 H. Davis, New York City; Secretary, Jas. Stewart Mackie, New 
 York City, N. Y.; General Manager, L. M. Johnson, Ciudad Porfi- 
 rio Diaz, Mexico. 
 
 General offices: 23 Broad Street, New York City, N. Y.; Ciudad 
 Porfirio Diaz, Mexico. 
 
 MONTEREY AND MEXICAN GULF RAILROAD. 
 
 Tlie tirst portion of this road was opened on May 5, 1889; to 
 Montemorelos, 68 miles, June 30, 1889; from Venadito to Villa- 
 gran, 188 miles, on April 1, 1890; to La Cruz, 216 miles, August, 
 1890; to Victoria, 242 miles. October, 1890; and to Tampico July 
 20, 1891. The line extends from General TreviHo (formerly Vena- 
 dito), on the International Railway, southeast through Monterey, 
 Linares, and Victoria, to Tampico, on the Gulf, 387 miles. 
 
 Annual meeting of the company, first Tuesday in September, at 
 40 and 42 Wall Street, New York City, N. Y. 
 
 Officers: Geronimo Trevino, President, Monterey, Mexico; T. S. 
 Bullock, First Vice President, New York City, N. Y.; J. J. Fisher, 
 Second Vice President, St. Louis, Missouri; Emeterio de la Garza, 
 Third Vice President and General Attorney, City of Mexico, Mex.; 
 V. A. Wilder, Secretary and Treasurer, New York, N. Y.; J. A. 
 Robertson, General Manager, Monterey, Mex.; William H. Went- 
 worth, Chief Engineer, Monterey, Mex.; Samuel Bengamon, Comp- 
 troller, New York, N. Y. ; W. H. Lingard, Auditor, Monterey, 
 Mex. 
 
 Principal office and address, 40 and 42 Wall Street, New York. 
 City, N. Y. Executive office, Monterey, Mex. 
 
 Trains leave Monterey at 7 A. M., arriving at General Trevino at 
 10 A. M. Leave General Trevino at 1:45 P. M., arriving at Monte- 
 rey at 4:45 p. M. 
 
 Leave Monterey daily at 8 A. M. for Ciudad Victoria, arriving at
 
 506 PRINCIPAL RAILWAYS OF THE REPUBLIC. 
 
 5 P. M., and leave Ciudad Victoria at 8 A. M. and arrive at Mon- 
 terey at 5 P. M. 
 
 From Ciudad Victoria trains leave daily for Tampico at 7 A. M., 
 arriving at 6:30 P. M.; and leave Tampico at 7:30 A. M., and arrive 
 at Ciudad Victoria at 6:50 P. M. 
 
 MEXICAN SOUTHERN RAILWAY. 
 
 The company that operates tliis road was chartered May 9, 1890, 
 It is completed and in operation to Tecomavaca, a distance of 140 
 miles, and will soon be terminated to Oaxaca, making a total of 228 
 miles. 
 
 It is a narrow-gauge road. 
 
 Officers: A. J. Mundella, M. P. President; A. 0. Chamier, Secre- 
 tary; General Manager, W. A. Eckersley; Traffic Manager, Walter 
 Morcom. 
 
 Offices: Broad Street Avenue, London E. 0.; Manager's office, 
 Puebla. 
 
 Trains leave Puebla daily at 7:45 A. M., arriving at Tecomavaca 
 at 5:40 P. M. on the same day. Leave Tecomavaca at 7:10 A. M., 
 arriving at Puebla at 5:30 A. M. 
 
 SONORA RAILWAY. 
 
 Tlie Sonora Railway Company, Limited, opened its road from 
 Guaymas to Hermosillo, Mexico, 90 miles, November, 1881, and to 
 Nogales on October 25, 1882. This line is owned by the Atchison, 
 Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad Company, and with the New Mexico 
 and Arizona Railroad forms the Sonora Division of the Atchison 
 Company's system of roads. 
 
 It is broad gauge and extends from Guaymas to Nogales, a dis- 
 tance of 262.41 miles. 
 
 Officers: Allen Manuel, President, Chicago, 111.; J. W. Reinhart, 
 Vice President and Auditor, Boston, Mass.; Robert R. Symon, 
 Second Vice President, London, England; Secretary, L. C. Deming, 
 Boston, Mass.; Treasurer, Geo. L. Goodwin, Boston, Mass.; Jas. 
 Naugle, General Manager, Guaymas. 
 
 Principal office in United States, 95 Milk Street, Boston, Mass.; 
 in Mexico, Guaymas. > 
 
 Trains leave Nogales daily for Guaymas at 4 p. M., and leave 
 Guaymas for Nogales at 1:40 P. M.
 
 PRINCIPAL RAILWAYS OF THE REPUBLIC. 507 
 
 MEXICAN NORTHERN RAILWAY. 
 
 The company operating this road was chartered June 26, 1890. 
 Road was opened to Rincon in February, 1891, and the entire line 
 was in operation by the fall of the same year. It is a broad-gauge 
 road, and runs from Escalon, a station on the Mexican Central 
 Railway, to Sierra Mojada, a distance of 81.25 miles. 
 
 The officers of this company are Robert S. Towne, President, city 
 of Mexico; August R. Meyer, Vice President, Kansas City, Mis- 
 souri; Nathaniel Witherell, second Vice President, New York City; 
 C. J. Nourse, Jr., Secretary, New York City; \V. F. Drummer, 
 Treasurer, Chicago, Illinois; Vinton P. Safford, Superintendent and 
 Chief Engineer, Escalon, Mexico. 
 
 Principal offices and addresses, No. 20 Nassau Street, New York 
 City, and Calle de Cadena, No. 10, City of Mexico. 
 
 HIDALGO AND NORTHWESTERN RAILROAD. 
 
 This road was the pioneer line connecting the Mexican Railway 
 with the city of Pachuca; thereafter and within the last two years 
 it has been extended to the City of Mexico. 
 
 MILES. 
 
 Main line from City of Mexico to Pachuca 68.31 
 
 Tulancingo Branch 19.87 
 
 Pachuca to Irolo 43.47 
 
 Tezayuca to Teoluyacan 16. 15 
 
 Total 147.80 
 
 Trains leave City of Mexico daily at 7:15 A. M. and 3:30 P. M., ar- 
 riving at Pachuca at 11:15 A. M. and 6:15 P. M. Lsave Pachuca at 
 7:40 A. M. and 2:30 P. M., and arrive at City of Mexico 9:25 A. M. 
 and 6:35 P. M. 
 
 The train connecting with the Mexican Railway at Irolo leaves 
 Pachuca daily, 8:45 A. M., arriving at Irolo at 11:20; returning 
 leaves Irolo at 1:25 P. M. and arrives at Pachuca at 4:15. 
 
 Offices at Cordobanes, No. 5, City of Mexico, Gabriel Mancera 
 General Manager. 
 
 SINALOA AND DURANGO RAILROAD. 
 
 The line of road constructed is from Alfcata, a seaport on the 
 Gulf of California, to Culiacan, capital of the state of Sinaloa, a dis-
 
 508 PRINCIPAL STEAMSHIP LINES. 
 
 tance of 38.5 miles. It is a broad gauge road. The company was 
 chartered under the laws of the State of Massachusetts in 1881, 
 and the road was opened February 12, 1883. The company's char- 
 ter was amended in 1888, authorizing the construction of a road 
 from Mazatlan to Guaymas. 
 
 Officers: R. R. Symon, Vice President and General Manager, 
 London, England and New York City; I. W. Richardson, Treas- 
 urer, Boston, Massachusetts; George R. Douglass, General Super- 
 intendent, Cubacnn, Mexico; F. E. James, clerk, Boston, Massa- 
 chusetts. Principal office and address, 40 Water Street, Boston 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 For extension of other railways see page 403. 
 
 PRINCIPAL STEAMSHIP LINES. 
 
 NEW YORK AND CUBA MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY (WARD LINE). 
 
 James E. Ward & Co., General Agents; office 113 Wall Street, 
 New York City. 
 
 Steamers leave from piers 16 and 17, East River, New York 
 Weekly service between New York, Progreso, Catnpeche, Laguna 
 Froutera, Vera Cruz, Tuxpam and Tampico. 
 
 PACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 
 
 H. J. Bullay, General Superintendent; office, pier, foot of .Canal 
 Street, New York City. Alex. Center, General Agent, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal. 
 
 Steamers sail from pier, foot of Canal Street, North River, New 
 York, for Colon, thence by Panama Railroad to Panama, from which 
 port steamers leave for San Francisco, touching at Mexican ports 
 on the Pacific Coast. 
 
 Steamers leave San Francisco on the 5th, 15th, 18th and 25th for 
 Panama, touching at Mexican ports on the Pacific Coast.
 
 PRINCIPAL STEAMSHIP LINES. 509 
 
 COMPANIA TRANSATLANTICA ESPANOLA. 
 
 Messrs. J. M. Ceballos & Co., agents; office, No. 80 Wall Street, 
 New York City. 
 
 Steamers sail from pier 41, North River (foot of Hoboken Street), 
 New York, the 10th, 13th, 20th, and 30th of each month, touching 
 at Mexican ports on the Gulf of Mexico. 
 
 Vessels of this line sail from Vera Cruz on the 8th, 18th, and 
 28th of each month for Havana, New. York and Europe. 
 
 COMPAGNIE GENERALE TRANSATLANTIC^ E. 
 
 Monthly sailings from Havre to Vera Cruz; also once a month 
 from St. N a zaire. 
 
 HAMBURG- AMERICAN PACKET COMPANY. 
 
 Steamers of this line touch once or twice a month at Vera Cruz 
 for European ports. 
 
 ROYAL MAIL STEAM PACKET COMPANY. 
 
 Steamers of this line sail from Southampton, England, stopping 
 at Vera Cruz twice a month. 
 
 HARRISON LINE. 
 
 Steamers of this line sail from Liverpool once or twice a month 
 for Vera Cruz, touching also at Progreso and Tavnpico. 
 
 WEST INDIA AND PACIFIC STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 
 
 Steamers sail from Vera Cruz 2 'th and 25th of each month for 
 London and Liverpool, via New Orleans. On the trips from Eu- 
 rope stoppages are usually made at Progreso and Tampico. 
 
 SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY (MORGAN LINE). 
 
 Steamers leave Morgan City, Louisiana, for Vera Cruz, stopping 
 at Galveston, Texas, twice a month. Time, about 60 hours from 
 Galveston, 80 hours from New Orleans (via Morgan City). 
 
 PACIFIC COAST STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 
 
 Steamer Nev)bern leaves San Francisco 1st of every month for 
 Mazatlan, La Paz, Guaymas, and other Mexican ports. Goodall, 
 Perkins & Co. General Agents, No. 10 Market Street, San Fran- 
 cisco, Cal.
 
 510 TELEGRAPH LINES. 
 
 COASTWISE STEAMERS. 
 
 GULF COAST. 
 
 Steamers Campeehano and Ibero sail between Vera Cruz and Pro- 
 greso, stopping at Celestum, Campeche. Champoton, Laguna, and 
 Frontera. 
 
 Steamer Tabasqueno sails from Progreso for Campeche, Laguna 
 Frontera, Vera Cruz, and Coatzacoalcos. 
 
 Steamer Fenix sails from Progreso for Campeche, Lagnna, and 
 Frontera. 
 
 Steamer J. W. WUson runs between Vera Cruz and Tuxpam, and 
 between Tuxpam and Tecolutla and Cazones. 
 
 Steamer Tlacotdlpam runs between Vera Cruz, Tlacotalpam, and 
 Alvaredo. 
 
 PACIFIC COAST. 
 
 There are two lines of steamers in trade between the Pacific 
 ports, viz.: Steamers of the Sonora Railroad and the Alejandro, 
 making the ports of Guaymas, La Paz, Santa Rosalia, Aguiabampo 
 Topolobampo, Mazatlan, Perihuete, San Bias, and Manzanillo. 
 
 TELEGRAPH LINES. 
 
 
 
 The Federal Government owns a thorough and complete system 
 of telegraph lines, connecting all large cities, and having an exten- 
 sion of over 20,000 miles, all open to the public service. Besides, 
 all railroad companies under their respective charters have con- 
 structed telegraph lines, which are likewise used by the public.
 
 REVENUE STAMP TAX. 
 
 It is not possible to insert here all the provisions of the laws regu- 
 lating the revenue stamp tax in force in the .Republic. Reference 
 will only be made to the rates and values of stamps to be affixed to 
 documents and writings in ordinary, everyday transactions and in 
 the principal mercantile operations. 
 BANK NOTE OR BILL from $5.00 to $10 must bear a stamp of 
 
 the value of 2 cts. 
 
 From $11 to $50 5 " 
 
 From $51 upwards, for each $50 and fraction thereof. ... 5 " 
 The National Bank of Mexico has a special concession. 
 BOND. Any bond or document, issued by any undertak- 
 ing or company, representing shares, for a value not 
 
 to exceed $50 5 " 
 
 More than that value, for each $50 and fraction thereof. . 5 " 
 
 If the bond does not state any value $1 00 
 
 Bonds and certificates issued by the Federal Treasury, the 
 
 States or Municipalities Free. 
 
 All entries of partial payment made by the officers of the 
 public debt, or the receipts given by the parties con- 
 cerned when deposing any bonds in conformity with the 
 
 law Free. 
 
 LETTER OF CREDIT, payment or counter order, from $1.00 to 
 
 $20 2 cts. 
 
 In excess of that sum, for each $20 or fraction thereof. . 2 " 
 CHECK issued by banks, mercantile establishments, and pri- 
 vate persons, up to $100 5 " 
 
 More than that value 10 " 
 
 CONTRACT, private, beside the stamps corresponding to the 
 internal revenue, if the contract is for the performance of 
 some labor, fulfillment of some agreement, for private 
 
 employment, or for any other cause, on each leaf 50 " 
 
 (511)
 
 512 REVENUE STAMP TAX. 
 
 Ditto, when for sale, exchange, loan, or any other similar 
 
 operation, from 81.00 to $20 2 cts. 
 
 For each $20 and fraction thereof 2 " 
 
 Ditto, not stating value, when entered into with some gov- 
 ernment official or private individual, on each leaf. ... 50 " 
 
 If value is stated, from $1.00 to $20 2 " 
 
 On each $20 and fraction thereof 2 " 
 
 When the contract states a value, and besides some things 
 
 whose value cannot be ascertained, on each leaf 50 " 
 
 And besides for the value stated, from $1.00 to $20 2 " 
 
 COPY of any document not to be used in Court Free 
 
 If to be used in judicial proceedings, on each leaf. .... 50 cts 
 If copy is presented with original, -and the latter has the 
 
 proper stamps Free. 
 
 ACCOUNT CURRENT, on the balance stated, from $1.00 to $20 2 cts. 
 
 On every $20 and fraction thereof above that value 2 " 
 
 DUPLICATES AND TRIPLICATES of any document for the pay- 
 ment of money, and of bills of exchange, from $1.00 to 
 
 $20 2 " 
 
 Over that sum on each 20 and fraction thereof 2 " 
 
 INDORSEMENTS Free. 
 
 DEED OR INDENTURE OF RECORD (certified copy of) when 
 no value is stated and it cannot be ascertained, on first 
 
 leaf $5 00 
 
 On succeeding lea.ves 50 cts. 
 
 If value stated, on each leaf 50 " 
 
 And for each $100 and fraction thereof 10 " 
 
 When value is stated, and it also comprises things whose 
 
 value cannot be determined, on the first leaf $5 00 
 
 And on each of the following 50 cts. 
 
 And for each $100 or fraction of the value stated in the 
 
 deed 10 " 
 
 DENOUNCEMENT op MINES (record of), from the first petition 
 
 to the termination of the record, on each leaf 50 " 
 
 RECEIPTS of money, from $1.00 to $20 ; 2 " 
 
 Above that sum for each $20 or fraction thereof 2 " 
 
 BILLS OF EXCHANGE, from $1.00 to $20 2 " 
 
 Above that sum for e*ach $20 or fraction thereof ...:.... 2 "
 
 REVENUE STAMP TAX. 513 
 
 BOOKS of mercantile houses, establishments, corporations, 
 
 etc., whose capital is $2,000 and over, on each leaf .... 5 cts. 
 Minute books of corporations and companies, each leaf. . . 5 " 
 MEMORIAL OR PETITION to any public officer, on each leaf. . . 50 " 
 
 PROMISSORY NOTE, from $1 .00 to $20 2 " 
 
 Over that amount on each $20 and fraction thereof 2 " 
 
 LETTERS PATENT for any invention $20 00 
 
 POWER OP ATTORNEY, private, when no value is stated or 
 
 can be ascertained, on each leaf 1 00 
 
 If value is stated, from $1.00 to $20 2 cts. 
 
 Over that amount, for each $20 or fraction thereof 2 " 
 
 POWER OF ATTORNEY of record, on the first leaf of the certi- 
 fied copy $5 00 
 
 On each of the succeeding leaves 50 cts. 
 
 Substitutes of powers, on each leaf 50 " 
 
 If a new deed of record is required, on first leaf $5 00 
 
 On each succeeding leaf 50 cts. 
 
 POLICY of life, maritime and fire insurance, two per cent on 
 the premium. 
 
 PROTEST (certified copy of), on each leaf 50 " 
 
 RECORD, registration and books of i-eginter of notaries and 
 
 recorders, on each leaf 50 " 
 
 TELEGRAM (original) of private individuals 1 ct. 
 
 If the telegram serves as a receipt of the payment of 
 money, stamps must be aifixed thereto corresponding to 
 the amount stated. 
 
 TITLES OF MINES, when value not stated nor can be ascer- 
 tained, on first leaf $5 00 
 
 On each of the following 50 cts. 
 
 And when value is stal, on 3V3 h leaf 50 " 
 
 And for each $100 or fraction thereof 10 " 
 
 INTERNAL REVENUE TAX. 
 
 The principal prescriptions of the aw levying the tax called In- 
 ternal Revenue tax are as follows: 
 
 One-half per cent on the value of the sale of any kind of mer- 
 chandise, whether by wholesale or retail. 
 
 One-half per cent on the sale, exchange, mortgages, or gifts of real 
 
 ae
 
 514 REVENUE STAMP TAX. 
 
 or personal property, if the rents thereof exceed $2,000 per annum 
 or on contracts entered into with the Federal Government, or any 
 State or municipality. 
 
 DOCUMENTS EXECUTED ABROAD. 
 
 In order that a deed, indenture, or other documents executed abroad 
 be admitted for record or in the courts in the .Republic, the signature 
 of the public officer before whom the deed, indenture, etc., is ac- 
 knowledged must be certified to by a diplomatic or consular agent 
 of Mexico, and the signature of such Mexican official legalized by 
 the Department of Foreign Affairs in the City of Mexico. 
 
 Fee of consul for issuing each certificate, $5.00 in money of 
 country where the certificate is issued. 
 
 Fee for certificate in Department of Foreign Relations, $5.10 
 revenue stamps.
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Absence abroad with permission 
 from government does not 
 prejudice in certain cases 246 
 
 Abuses by authorities to be pun- 
 ished 217 
 
 Acambaro, legal directory of .... 404 
 
 Acambaro, mercantile directory 
 of 416 
 
 Acapulco, legal directory of. ... 404 
 
 Acapulco, mercantile directory 
 of 416 
 
 Acapulco, port charges at 344 
 
 Acceptance must state place 
 where payment of bill of ex- 
 change is to be made 299 
 
 Acceptance of bills of exchange 
 cannot be conditional. ....... 299 
 
 Acceptance of bills of exchange 
 for honor, rules as to 303 
 
 Acceptance of bills of exchange, 
 rules as to 298 
 
 Acceptance of bills of exchange, 
 requisites of 299 
 
 Accepted bill of exchange, how 
 paid 301 
 
 Acceptor of bill of exchange is 
 obliged to pay it 299 
 
 Accidents in mines, when miners 
 to be held responsible for them 167 
 
 Account of a return bill, what 
 must indicate 307 
 
 Accounts, mercantile, how to be 
 kept 278 
 
 Accounts of directors of corpora- 
 tions, to be approved 293 
 
 Accused when tried shall have 
 certain guarantees 217 
 
 Acetate of alumina, ammonia, 
 duties on 116 
 
 Acids, carbonic, sulphuric, nitric, 
 etc., duties on 116, 117 
 
 Acids, crystals or powder, duties 
 on.. . 117 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Acquittance to a debtor of a bill 
 of exchange when given 306 
 
 Act of giving possession of mine, 
 when suspended 154 
 
 Additions and corrections in 
 manifests after arrival at Mex- 
 ican ports 33 
 
 Additions, blots, etc., in consu- 
 lar invoices 30 
 
 Additions to the tariff 1 33 
 
 Addition to a mining claim, to 
 whom awarded in certain cases 161 
 
 Addition to a mining claim, 
 what is 161 
 
 Addition to a mining claim, when 
 to be divided 162 
 
 Address of President Diaz, syn- 
 opsis of 349 
 
 Adjudication of public lands free 
 from payment of interior dues 256 
 
 Adobes of raw clay, duties on. . 92 
 
 Adventurer tunnels in mines, 
 compensation for same 170 
 
 Adventurer tunnels or galleries 
 of exploration in mines, how 
 regulated 167 
 
 Advertisements, printed or litho- 
 graphed, duties on 121 
 
 Agate, duties on 92 
 
 Agents of department of public 
 works, duties of regarding colo- 
 nists 271 
 
 Agrarian measure, table of 354 
 
 Agriculture, law to foster 198 
 
 Agricultural instruments, duties 
 on 88 
 
 Aguascalientes, legal directory 
 of '. 404 
 
 Aguascalientes, mercantile direc- 
 tory of 417 
 
 Air guns and air pistols, duties 
 on... 128 
 
 Alamos, mercantile directory of 418 
 
 (515)
 
 516 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Alabaster articles, duties on 9^ 
 
 Albumine, duties on 71 
 
 Alcaloides and their salts, duties 
 
 on 117 
 
 Alcohol or spirits of wine, duties 
 
 on 117 
 
 Alizarine, natural or artificial, 
 
 duties on 117 
 
 Almonds, duties on 76 
 
 Altata, p< rt charges at 343 
 
 Altering mining claims, how it is 
 
 to be done 161 
 
 Aluminium, duties on 90 
 
 Alvarado, port charges at 329 
 
 Amber, articles of, duties on.. . . 81 
 
 Amber, duties on 79 
 
 Ammonia, duties on 117 
 
 " A" paro " of a mine, what is . . 147 
 
 Aniline, oil of, duties on 116 
 
 Animal substances, duties on. . . 68 
 Anonymous company, what is. . 284 
 
 Anthracene, duties on 117 
 
 Antimony, duties on 90 
 
 Aniiquities, national, may not 
 
 be exported 49 
 
 Apparatus for reproducing manu- 
 scripts, duties on 125 
 
 Appt al in cases of denounce- 
 ments of mines 154 
 
 Appeal in certain cases of de- 
 nouncement of mines 155 
 
 Appeal to Department of Public 
 Works from decisions of mining 
 
 deputations 158 
 
 Argentine Republic, consuls in 
 
 Mexico 363 
 
 Argentine Republic, diplomatic 
 
 representative in Mexico. . . . 361 
 Argentine Republic, diplomatic 
 
 representatives of Mexico in. . 359 
 Arms may be carried for one's 
 
 security 215 
 
 Arms of all kinds, duties on 128 
 
 Aromatic waters, duties on 117 
 
 Arrival of vessels fiom abroad, 
 
 rules as to 39 
 
 Arsenic, duties on 90 
 
 Articles which may be imported 
 
 free from duties by colonists.. 269 
 Artificial flowers, articles for, 
 
 duties on 131 
 
 Articles of food from animals, 
 
 duties on 68 
 
 Artists of opera, etc., company, 
 articles imported free from 
 duties by 42,43 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Asbestos, duties on 90, 131 
 
 Asphaltum, duties on 92 
 
 Assessable value of property in 
 
 the Republic 394 
 
 Attachment or execution, in 
 cases of, products of mine to be 
 
 used how 179 
 
 Attachments under bills of ex- 
 change, exceptions regarding 306 
 
 Atlixco, legal directory of 404 
 
 Atlixco, mercantile directory of 418 
 Authorities must exercise vigi- 
 lance M ith regard to the work- 
 ing of mines 164 
 
 Authorities who take cognizance 
 
 of mining matters. 141 
 
 Authorizations for surveys of 
 
 public lands, when null 266 
 
 Avio, contract, what is 175 
 
 Bacteria cultures, duties on. ... 71 
 Bad ventilation of a mine, effect 
 
 of . . >. 149 
 
 Baggage at frontier custom 
 
 houses, how inspected 57, 58 
 
 Baggage of passenger, examina- 
 tion of, where effected 44 
 
 Baggage of passengers, how sec- 
 ond examination avoided 45 
 
 Baggage of passengers, what may 
 
 consist in 42 
 
 Baggage of passengers, inspection 
 
 of, how effected 41 
 
 Bags, common, duties on. 81 
 
 Bags, payer, duties on 124 
 
 Balance to be published yearly by 
 
 corporations 292 
 
 Balsams, duties on 78 
 
 Bands, cotton, duties on 101 
 
 Bankruptcy, failure of registra- 
 tion in case, effect of 278 
 
 Barrels, duties on 80 
 
 Basis for contracts, etc., to be 
 
 the Mexican dollar 312 
 
 Baskets, travelers', duties on. . . 130 
 
 Beer, duties on 1 20 
 
 Belgium, consuls in Mexico 363 
 
 Belgium, diplomatic representa- 
 tive in Mexico 361 
 
 Belgium, diplomatic representa- 
 tives of Mexico in 360 
 
 Belgium, Mexican consuls in. . . 370 
 
 Bellows handles, duties on 125 
 
 Belting for machinery, duties 
 
 on. 129 
 
 Belts, duties on 130 
 
 Belts for machinery, duties on. . 72
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 517 
 
 PAGE. 
 Belt silk or silk mixed, duties 
 
 on 114 
 
 Benzine, duties on 117 
 
 Bill of exchange drawn on ac- 
 count of another, provision of 
 
 funds for 297 
 
 Bill of exchange not represented, 
 
 etc., what is lost thereby 305 
 
 Billiard balls, duties on 75, 129 
 
 Billiard cues, duties on 81 
 
 Billiard tables, duties on 132 
 
 Bill of exchange cannot be condi- 
 tional 296 
 
 Bill of exchange, guarantee as to 309 
 Bills of exchange, how drawn.. 294 
 Bills of exchange, how made pay- 
 able 295 
 
 Bills of exchange, how trans- 
 ferred 298 
 
 Bills of exchange may be drawn 
 
 on account of another person.. 296 
 Bills of exchange may not be al- 
 tered 298 
 
 Bills of exchange must be paid, 
 
 where and how 301 
 
 Bills of exchange must be pro- 
 tested 302 
 
 Bills of exchange payable at a 
 
 stated period, how drawn .... 295 
 Bills of exchange, provisions of 
 
 law as to 294 
 
 Bills of exchange, requisites of. . 294 
 Bills of exchange, rules as to 
 
 presentation and acceptance of 298 
 Bills of exchange, when collected 
 
 and paid 300 
 
 Bills of exchange, when consid- 
 ered past due 299 
 
 Bills of exchange, when may be 
 
 indorsed 298 
 
 Bills of exchange, when payable 295 
 Bills of exchange, when void. . . . 296 
 
 Bills of health, how certified 318 
 
 Bitters of all kinds, duties on. . . 121 
 Blacking for shoes and harness, 
 
 duties on 117 
 
 Blanks printed, engraved, etc., 
 
 duties on 122 
 
 Blocks or frames for car and 
 
 wagon wheels, duties on. ... 133 
 Blots, erasures, etc., in consular 
 
 invoices 30 
 
 Board of directors, to manage 
 
 corporations 283 
 
 Board of directors of corporations 
 how elected . . . 288 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Board of directors of corporations 
 when to call extraordinary 
 
 meetings 291 
 
 Boats of all kinds, duties on. . . 128 
 
 Bolivia, Mexican consuls in 370 
 
 Book muslin for binding, duties 
 
 on 97 
 
 Book of inventories and balances, 
 
 how to be kept 279 
 
 Book to be kept as to petitions 
 by colonists for importation 
 
 of articles 272 
 
 Books, blank, printed, etc., du- 
 
 tieson - 124 
 
 Books of merchants, when to be 
 
 exhibited 280 
 
 Books of slate or imitation, du- 
 ties on 131 
 
 Books to be kept by mer- 
 chants 278 
 
 Boots, duties on 73, 74 
 
 Bottles of common glass, duties 
 
 on 94 
 
 Boxwood, duties on 80 
 
 Boxes for packing, duties on.. . . 80 
 
 Brass articles, duties on 85 
 
 Brass in ingots, bars, etc., duties 
 
 on 84 
 
 Brass strings for musical instru- 
 ments, duties on 130 
 
 Brazil, diplomatic representa- 
 tives in Mexico 361 
 
 Brazil, diplomatic representa- 
 tives of Mexico in 359 
 
 Brazil, Mexican consuls in 370 
 
 Bricks and paving blocks, clay, 
 
 duties on 92 
 
 Bronze articles, duties on 85 
 
 Bronze in ingots, bars, etc., du- 
 ties on 84 
 
 Broom corn, duties on 77 
 
 Brooms, duties on 82 
 
 Brushes, painters, duties on .... 129 
 Bugle, tinsel, etc., duties on) . . . 85 
 Buildings, complete, duties on. . 131 
 
 Bungs, wood, duties on 80 
 
 Butter, duties on 70 
 
 Buttons, duties on 129 
 
 By-laws of corporations to give 
 certain powers to board of di- 
 rectors 288 
 
 Cabinet, departments of 213 
 
 Cables, agave, hemp, etc., duties 
 
 on 81 
 
 Cadmium, duties on 90 
 
 Ca'cium, duties on 90
 
 518 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 Call to meetings of corporation, 
 
 how made 290 
 
 Camargo, mercantile directory of 419 
 Campeche, legal directory of . . . 404 
 Campeche, mercantile directory 
 
 of 419 
 
 Campeche, port charges at 334 
 
 Camphor, duties on 78 
 
 Candles, duties on 75 
 
 Cane for furniture, duties on. . . 77 
 
 Canes, duties on 129 
 
 Canes with blade, firearm, etc., 
 
 duties on 128 
 
 Cantharides, duties on 70 
 
 Canvas, linen or hemp, duties 
 
 on 102 
 
 Cape San Lucas, port charges at 343 
 Capital of mining company need 
 
 not be fixed or determined . . 173 
 Capital stock of corporations, 
 
 how divided 286 
 
 Capital stock of corporations, 
 
 how increased 291 
 
 Caps of all kinds and materials, 
 
 duties on 129 
 
 Caps, percussion, duties on 128 
 
 Capsules, pills, etc., medicinal, 
 
 duties on 118 
 
 Captains of foreign vessels, obli- 
 gations of 39 
 
 Captains of vessels abroad, obli- 
 gations of 20 
 
 Captains of vessels, duties of, as 
 
 to samples 24 
 
 Captains of vessels to exhibit log 
 
 book, etc., when 25 
 
 Captains of vessels to deliver doc- 
 uments to custom house of- 
 ficials 22 
 
 Captains of vessels to preserve 
 
 seals of custom house officials. 25 
 Caraway and anise, duties on ... 76 
 Carbonate and bicarbonate of 
 
 potash or soda, duties on 118 
 
 Carbonates, duties on 91 
 
 Cardboard, duties on 123 
 
 Cards, playing, all kinds, duties 
 
 on 124 
 
 Cards, visiting, duties on 124 
 
 Carmen Island, mercantile direc- 
 tory of 419 
 
 Carmen Island, port charges at. . 333 
 Carpets and rugs of cotton pile, 
 
 duties on 98 
 
 Carpets and rugs of hemp, etc., 
 duties on 103 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Carpets and rugs of wool, duties 
 on. 107 
 
 Carriages of all kinds, duties on 127 
 
 Cars to be used for funeral serv- 
 ice in railways to be disin- 
 fected 324 
 
 Cartridges for firearms, duties on 128 
 
 Carts, duties on 126 
 
 Cases (instrument), etc., of all 
 kinds, duties on 131 
 
 Cash, value of bill of exchange to 
 be considered as received in . . 296 
 
 Casings or wrappings, not ordi- 
 nary, duties on 66 
 
 Casings or wrappings, what are. . 65 
 
 Castorium, duties on 70 
 
 Cattle, duties on 68 
 
 Cattle, foreign, to be examined 
 in certain cases 321 
 
 Cattle, importation of, how af- 
 fected 33 
 
 Celaya, legal directory of 404 
 
 Celluloid articles, not special, 
 duties on 129 
 
 Cement, Portland, duties on. ... 91 
 
 Census of the City of Mexico in 
 
 1890 394 
 
 Central America, diplomatic 
 representatives of Mexico in. . 359 
 
 Cereals, duties on 77 
 
 Certificate of election of mining 
 deputy, copy of, to be sent to 
 Department of Public Works. 188 
 
 Certificate of naturalization, 
 when granted 244 
 
 Certificate of possession of a mine, 
 what to contain 152 
 
 Certificates as to good habits and 
 occupations of colonists, when 
 to be presented 262 
 
 Certificates of naturalization, not 
 to be issued in certain cases . . 246 
 
 Certificates of naturalization to 
 be issued gratuitously 246 
 
 Certification of consular docu- 
 ments, fees for 38 
 
 Certification of invoices, how 
 made 31 
 
 Certification of invoices, how 
 made in certain cases 33 
 
 Certification of manifests and in- 
 voices by consuls 35, 36 
 
 Certified copy of protest of bill 
 of exchange to be given to 
 holder 303 
 
 Chains, iron, duties on 89
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 519 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Chalchicomula, legal directory of 404 
 Chalcbicomula, mercantile direc- 
 tory of 420 
 
 Chalk for billiard cues, duties on 93 
 Chalk for schools, duties on. ... 92 
 Chamber of deputies, members of, 
 
 how elected 213 
 
 Chamber of deputies, official di- 
 rectory of 387 
 
 Charcoal, duties on 71, 79 
 
 Charges, port, see Port Charges. 
 Check, what it must contain.. . . 309 
 
 Check, when it is valid 309 
 
 Checks, rule, regarding. . 308 
 
 Checks, when may not be in- 
 dorsed 309 
 
 Cheese, duties on 71 
 
 Chemical products, duties on. . . 116 
 Chemical reagents, boxes of, 
 
 duties on 118 
 
 Chenille, wool, duties on 109 
 
 Chihuahua, legal directory of . . . 404 
 Chihuahua, mercantile directory 
 
 of 420 
 
 Chile, consuls in Mexico 364 
 
 Chile, Mexican consuls in 370 
 
 Chilpancingo, legal directory of. 405 
 Chilpancingo, mercantile direc- 
 tory of 421 
 
 Chloral, duties on 118 
 
 Chloroform, duties on 118 
 
 Chlorate of potash or soda, du- 
 ties on 118 
 
 Chlorides, duties on 118 
 
 Chocolate, duties on 78 
 
 Church and State are independ- 
 ent of one another 222 
 
 Cider, duties on 120 
 
 Cinnamon, duties on 76 
 
 Circular as to public lands 257 
 
 Circulation of gold and silver 
 
 exempted from taxation 179 
 
 Cities of the .Republic, popula- 
 tion of leading 393 
 
 Citizenship, right of, how lost, 
 
 and suspended 220 
 
 City of Mexico, see Mexico, City 
 
 of 
 
 Ciudad Guerrero, legal directory 
 
 of 405 
 
 Ciudad Guerrero, mercantile di- 
 rectory of 421 
 
 Ciudad Jerez, mercantile direc- 
 tory of 422 
 
 Ciudad Juarez, legal directory 
 of .405 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Ciudad Juarez, mercantile direc- 
 tory of 422 
 
 Civil code of the federal district, 
 provisions of 313 
 
 Civil code, when approved and 
 where in force 313 
 
 Civil societies, how constituted 
 as commercial companies 282 
 
 Claim of habilitator of mine, when 
 to be preferred 177 
 
 Claim of public lands, by whom 
 made 251 
 
 Claim or unit of measurement 
 for mining concessions, what 
 is 158 
 
 Claims in mining property, what 
 to consist in 145 
 
 Clay and sand, duties on 90 
 
 Clay, articles of, duties on 92 
 
 Clocks, duties on 126 
 
 Cloth, silk of all textures, duties 
 on Ill, 112 
 
 Cloth, linen, hemp and like fi- 
 bers, duties on 102 
 
 Cloth, cotton, common, plain, 
 etc., duties on 97 
 
 Clothes and articles of linen,etc. , 
 duties on 66 
 
 Clothes and articles of silk with 
 mixture of cotton, etc., duties 
 on 66 
 
 Clothes used as wrappings for 
 merchandise, duties on 66 
 
 Clothes, wool of all textures, du- 
 ties on 106 
 
 Clothing made up of silk, duties 
 on .112, 116 
 
 Clothing of linen of all kinds,du- 
 ties on 105 
 
 Clothing of woolen cloth of any 
 texture, du ties on 110 
 
 Clothing, ready made, of all 
 kinds, cotton, duties on. . .100,101 
 
 Cloves, duties on 76 
 
 Coal, mineral, duties on 91 
 
 Coal tar, duties on 91 
 
 Coasting trade, permits to foreign 
 vessels for carrying on 49 
 
 Coasting trade, provisions as to.. 48 
 
 Coasting trade, what is 48 
 
 Coasting trade, what vessels may 
 engage in 48 
 
 Coastwise steamers, information 
 as to 510 
 
 Coatzacoalcos, port charges at. . 331 
 
 Cocoa, duties on 76
 
 520 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Cochinille, duties on 69 
 
 Code of commerce 274 
 
 Code of mines 137 
 
 Code, sanitary, see Sanitary Code. 
 Coin, gold or silver, duties on ... 84 
 
 Coinage, statistics as to 397 
 
 Coins, table of Mexican 353 
 
 Coins, weight of 356 
 
 Coke, duties on 92 
 
 Colima, legal directory of 405 
 
 Colima, mercantile directory of.. 422 
 Collections, numismatical, geo- 
 logical, etc., duties on 130 
 
 Collector of custom house, when 
 may grant permit for carrying 
 
 on coasting trade 49 
 
 Collector of custom houses, see 
 
 Custom House Collectors. 
 Collectors of frontier custom 
 
 houses, duties of 51, 52 
 
 Colombia, consuls in Mexico.. . . 364 
 Colombia, Mexican consuls in. . . 372 
 Colonies, -how they must be es- 
 tablished 263 
 
 Colonists, articles which they 
 
 may import free from duties. . . 269 
 Colonists, assistance given them 
 
 by the government 267 
 
 Colonists, declaration of inten- 
 tion of, as to naturalization . . 249 
 Colonists, how may become nat- 
 uralized 247 
 
 Colonists making illegal use of 
 concession as to importations, 
 
 how punished 272 
 
 Colonists, rights and obligations 
 
 of 264 
 
 Colonists to be obliged to fulfill 
 
 certain contracts 264 
 
 Colonists to present petition as 
 to importation of articles re- 
 quired 270 
 
 Colonists when considered Mexi- 
 cans 247 
 
 Colonists, who are to be consid- 
 ered as 262 
 
 Colonization of islands, how ef- 
 fected 267 
 
 Colonization purposes, law as to 
 
 public lands for 261 
 
 Colophrine, duties on 79 
 
 Colors in powder, crystals, etc. , 
 
 duties on 118 
 
 Comfits, duties on 78 
 
 Commanders of military zones, 
 list of .386 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Commerce, code of, see Code of 
 Commerce. 
 
 Commerce, who may not carry 
 on 276 
 
 Commercial associations are not 
 subject to prescriptions as to 
 mercantile register. 283 
 
 Commercial weights, list of 355 
 
 Common council of City of Mex- 
 ico, members and committees 385 
 
 Compagnie Generale Transatlan- 
 tique, information as to 509 
 
 C o m p a n i a Transatlantica Es- 
 panola, information as to. . . . 509 
 
 Companies for colonization pur- 
 poses, how to obtain proper 
 authorization 265 
 
 Companies for colonization pur- 
 poses, conditions to be ob- 
 served by 266 
 
 Companies for colonization pur- 
 poses, regulations regarding. . 265 
 
 Companies, mercantile, different 
 classes of 281 
 
 Companiesof colonization to have 
 representative 267 
 
 Companies organized abroad may 
 establish themselves in the Re- 
 public : 276, 277 
 
 Companies subject to provisions 
 as to partnership 317 
 
 Company denouncing mining 
 property, what entitled to . . 146 
 
 Compensation for services of 
 president and other public offi- 
 ces, how determined 221 
 
 Compensation given companies 
 for surveys of public lands. . . . 265 
 
 Complaints against mining depu- 
 ties, how taken into considera- 
 tion 192 
 
 Concessions granted to persons 
 undertaking an ad venturer tun- 
 nel in a mine 169 
 
 Conductors of trains, duties of as 
 to importations 53, 54 
 
 Conflict of judicial principles, 
 how decided 315 
 
 Congress, how constituted 213 
 
 Consent of owner necessary for 
 mining exploration in a build- 
 ing, etc 144 
 
 Consignees of foreign vessels, ob- 
 ligations of 39 
 
 Consignees of merchandise, du- 
 ties of.. 28
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 521 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Consignees of m rchandise im- 
 ported through international 
 railways, duties of 53, 54 
 
 Consignees of merchandise, who 
 shall act as 27 
 
 Consignees of vessels consigned 
 to order, who are 21 
 
 Consignees responsible for mis- 
 takes of shippers 33 
 
 Consignees, rights of, as to in- 
 voices 32 
 
 Consignment, renouncement of, 
 how effected 39 
 
 Constitution and federal laws to 
 be the supreme law 222 
 
 Constitution, the federal 213 
 
 Consular invoice necessary for 
 importation of articles by colo- 
 nists 270 
 
 Consuls, duties of as to importa- 
 tion of cattle and fresh meats 34 
 
 Consuls, foreign, in Mexico, list 
 of 363 
 
 Consuls, Mexican, duties of, as to 
 permits for importation 36 
 
 Consuls, Mexican, duties of in 
 certain cases 5 
 
 Consuls, Mexican, duties of, rela- 
 tive to custom house ordi- 
 nance 37 
 
 Consuls, Mexican, list of 369 
 
 Consuls, Mexican, various duties 
 of 35-39 
 
 Consuls, Mexican, when may issue 
 certified copies of documents . . 37 
 
 Contest as to denouncement of a 
 mine, when should be avoided 151 
 
 Contested cases in mining mat- 
 ters are determined by the 
 judges 141 
 
 Contract for formation of mining 
 company, what to contain. . . . 172 
 
 Contract of habilitation of mine, 
 how terminated 176 
 
 Contract of habilitation of mine, 
 how to be executed 177 
 
 Contract of habilitation of mine, 
 how to be repaid in certain 
 cases 176 
 
 Contract of habilitation of mines, 
 how made 176 
 
 Contracts executed abroad by a 
 foreigner, how regulated 315 
 
 Contracts executed abroad, how 
 rights and obligations arising 
 from are regulated . . . 314 
 
 PAGE. 
 Contracts for the organization of 
 
 companies, how made 282 
 
 Contracts relating to public 
 
 lands, how regulated 257 
 
 Convention for a parcel post 
 
 with the United States 233 
 
 Convention, postal, with the 
 
 United Stites 227 
 
 Copal, duties on 79 
 
 Copies of bills of exchange, must 
 
 be given, when 296 
 
 Copies of invoices of merchandise, 
 
 what is done with 31 
 
 Copper articles, duties on 85 
 
 Copper, coinage of, in the Repub- 
 lic 396, 397 
 
 Copper in ingots, bars, etc., 
 
 duties o 84 
 
 Copy of man ifest, when prepared 
 
 at custom house 23 
 
 Coral, duties on 71 
 
 Cordage and rigging, duties on. . 82 
 
 Cord, cotton, duties on 96 
 
 Cord, silk, duties on Ill, 114 
 
 Cord, woolen, duties on 106 
 
 C6rdoba, legal directory of 405 
 
 Cordoba, mercantile directory 
 
 of 423 
 
 Cords or strings for musical in- 
 struments, duties on 75 
 
 Cork, duties on 77 
 
 Corn, duties on 76 
 
 Corporations are prohibited from 
 
 purchasing their own shares. . 287 
 Corporations cannot make loans 
 or advances on their shares. . . 288 
 
 Corporations, domicile of 317 
 
 Corporations, how to be consti- 
 tuted 284 
 
 Corporations, how to be dis- 
 solved 292 
 
 Corporations may exercise civil 
 
 rights 317 
 
 Corporations or moral persons, 
 
 nationality of 242 
 
 Corporations, recognized as mer- 
 cantile companies 281 
 
 Corporations, right to hold real 
 
 estate 218 
 
 Corporations to keep a register 
 
 for shares issued 286 
 
 Corporations, what are 283 
 
 Corporations, when they have no 
 
 legal standing before the law. 317 
 Corps of engineers and miners to 
 advise on mining matters 141
 
 522 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 Correspondence of merchants, 
 
 how to be kept 281 
 
 Correspondence, sealed, is free 
 
 from being examined 218 
 
 Corsets, cotton, duties on 99 
 
 Corsets, linen or hemp, duties on 103 
 
 Corsets, silk, duties on 114 
 
 Corsala, mercantile directory of. 424 
 Costa Rica, consuls in Mexico . . 364 
 Costa .Rica, minister in Mexico 361 
 Costumes and scenery of theatri- 
 cal companies, how imported.. 43 
 Costumes and scenery of.theatri- 
 cal companies, how re-exported 43 
 
 Cotton antiseptic, duties on 117 
 
 Cotton, spun, goods of, duties 
 
 on 96 
 
 Cotton, ungianed, carded, etc., 
 
 duties on 75 
 
 Courts may decree that letters of 
 
 merchams be exhibited 1 
 
 Courts of the Republic to settle 
 questions between government 
 and colonization companies. .. 267 
 Covers for umbrellas and para- 
 sols, duties on 131 
 
 Crackers, duties on '.8 
 
 Cranes, duties on 125 
 
 Cream of tartar, duties on 118 
 
 Creditor in execution, rights in 
 
 mines 179 
 
 Creoline, duties on 118 
 
 Crockery, articles of, duties on 93, 95 
 Crucibles earthern, clay or plum- 
 bago, duties on 92 
 
 Crucibles of platinum, duties on. 84 
 Crystal, articles of, duties on. . . 93 
 
 Cubic measures, table of 355 
 
 Cuernavaca, legal directory of. . 405 
 Cuernavaca, mercantile directory 
 
 of 424 
 
 Culiacan, legal directory of 405 
 
 Culiacan, mercantile directory of 425 
 
 Cupels, duties on 75 
 
 Curtains, wood or grass, duties 
 
 on 81 
 
 Cushions, duties on 130 
 
 Custom cannot be alleged as 
 against the observance of a 
 
 law 314 
 
 Custom house collector, duties 
 of, as to importations for con- 
 sumption in frontier towns. .54, 55 
 Custom house collector must de- 
 mand presentation of log-book, 
 etc. , when . 23 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Custom house collector, when to 
 act as consignee of merchan- 
 dise 27 
 
 Custom houses, ezportations 
 through, during 1890-91 401 
 
 Custom houses, frontier, provis- 
 ions as to 50 
 
 Custom houses, importations by. 
 in fiscal year 1888-89 399 
 
 Custom houses, list of 134 
 
 Custom house officers, duties of. 61 
 
 Custom house officers, how to 
 treat passengers 46 
 
 Custom house officers, treatment 
 of 25 
 
 Custom house ordinance 17 
 
 Custom house ordinance, when 
 approved 17 
 
 Custom house ordinance, when 
 took effect 17 
 
 Customs sections, or posts, list 
 of 135 
 
 Cuts printed, engraved, etc., du- 
 ties on 123 
 
 Cyanide of potassium,collodium, 
 etc. , duties on 118 
 
 Damar, duties on 79 
 
 Date of bill of exchange, what to 
 contain 295 
 
 Dead bodies, regulations for 
 transportation of, by rail 323 
 
 Death of partner does not dissolve 
 mining company 172 
 
 Debts, charges, etc., on mine, ex- 
 tinguished in certain cases. . .. 176 
 
 Decision of mining deputation to 
 be carried into effect in cases 
 of denouncement of mines . . . 155 
 
 Decisions of mining deputies, 
 how made and signed 189 
 
 Decisions of mining deputations, 
 to be carried into effect 166 
 
 Decree adjudicating public lands, 
 how made 255 
 
 Decree for publication of de- 
 nouncement of a mine, what to 
 contain 15 
 
 Deed for organization of company 
 to be recorded 283 
 
 Demarcation of mining claims, 
 how made 160 
 
 Demijohns, duties on 94 
 
 Denmark, consuls in Mexico. . . . 3^6 
 
 Denmark, Mexican consuls in. .. 370 
 
 "Denouncement" of a mine, 
 what is . . 1 38
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 523 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Denouncement of a mine cannot 
 be admitted when another is 
 pending 155 
 
 Denouncement of mine, petition 
 for, what to contain 150 
 
 Denouncement of mines may not 
 be made in certain cases 144 
 
 Denouncement of mine, under 
 what titles may be made 145 
 
 Denouncement of a stream or 
 fall of water, proceedings for 156 
 
 Denouncing mines, who are pro- 
 hibited from 153 
 
 Department of communications, 
 directory of 382 
 
 Department of foreign relations, 
 directory of 376 
 
 Department of foreign relations, 
 may issue certificates of spe- 
 cific nationality 249 
 
 Department of foreign relations, 
 to issue certificates of natural- 
 ization 245 
 
 Department of justice and public 
 instruction, directory of 381 
 
 Department of public works, di- 
 rectory of 383 
 
 Department of public works has 
 to approve decree adjudicating 
 public lands 255 
 
 Department of public works 
 may grant concessions for sale 
 of public lands 254 
 
 Department f public works reg- 
 ulates mining matters 141 
 
 Department of public works to 
 determine class and amount of 
 articles to be introduced free 
 by colonists 263 
 
 Department of public works to 
 determine when colonists may 
 import provisions free from 
 duties 270 
 
 Department of public works to 
 grant special protection to 
 mines 147 
 
 Department of the interior, di- 
 rectory of 384 
 
 Department of war and navy, di- 
 rectory of 385 
 
 Department of the treasury and 
 
 public credit, directory of. ... 377 
 .Deputation must allow appeal in 
 case of denouncement of mines 
 
 when 154 
 
 Deputies, list of 387 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Dextrine, duties on 79 
 
 Diamonds, unmounted, duties on. 9) 
 
 Diary, how to be kept by mer- 
 chants 279 
 
 Diastase, duties on 118 
 
 Diaz, President, synopsis of ad- 
 dress of 349 
 
 Dimensions that mining claims 
 ought to have 158 
 
 Dimensions which are to consti- 
 tute a mining slaim 158 
 
 Diplomatic agents, children of, 
 where considered born 242 
 
 Diplomatic and consular service 359 
 
 Diplomatic representatives in 
 Mexico, foreign 361 
 
 Diplomatic representatives of 
 Mexico, list of 359 
 
 Directors of corporations not to 
 contract personal obligation.. 288 
 
 Directors of corporation, respon- 
 sibility of 289 
 
 Directory, legal, see Legal Direc- 
 tory. 
 
 Directory, mercantile, see Mer- 
 cantile Directory. 
 
 Discoverer of a mine, who is held 
 to be in case of contest 153 
 
 Discoverer of new mineral dis- 
 trict, what are his rights 145 
 
 Disco v-ery of mine, of what may 
 it be 145 
 
 Discovery of placers, what it en- 
 titles to 146 
 
 Disinfection of vessels, how made 320 
 
 Dispatching of foreign goods 
 from vessels arriving at Mexi- 
 can ports 40 
 
 Dissolution of a corporation, 
 when declared 291 
 
 District judges, duties of, incases 
 of naturalization 244 
 
 Dividends of corporations, how 
 distributed 292 
 
 Diving apparatus, duties on. ... 125 
 
 Documents executed abroad, how 
 legalized 514 
 
 Documents to be delivered by 
 captains of vessels to custom 
 house officials 22 
 
 Domicile of a person, what is. . . 316 
 
 Domicile of foreigners, how ac- 
 quired 248 
 
 Domicile, rights of persons to fix 
 their. 317 
 
 Domicile, rules as to 316
 
 524 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Double duties when imposed. ... 31 
 Draft, what is and what it con- 
 tains. 307 
 
 Drafts, rules as to 307 
 
 Drainage of mines, regulations 
 
 regarding 167 
 
 Drainage of mines, when to be 
 
 re-est:iblished or improved .... 149 
 Drawee of bill of exchange, when 
 
 to accept it 2D9 
 
 Drawee of bill of exchange has 
 
 right of action in certain cases 297 
 Drawee of check, not responsible 
 
 i'< certain cases 310 
 
 Drawee of check, when may re- 
 fuse to pay it 309 
 
 Drawer of bill of exchange, 
 
 against wh >m may he draw. . . 295 
 Drawer, bill of exchange may be 
 
 drawn in favor of 297 
 
 Drawer of bill of exchange to pro- 
 vide funds for its payment. . . 297 
 Drawer of bill of exchange, when 
 
 responsible 297 
 
 Drawer of bill of exchange, 
 
 when his responsibility ceases. 297 
 Drawer of check, rights of action 
 
 against drawee 310 
 
 Drawers, cotton, for men and 
 
 boys, duties on 99 
 
 Drawers,liuen,formen and boys, 
 
 duties on 103 
 
 Drawers, wool, duties on 108 
 
 Drawing books, duties on 123 
 
 Drawings for the arts, duties on. 130 
 
 Drays, du r ies on 126 
 
 Dresses, partly made, what are, 
 
 and duties on. 67 
 
 Dress patterns, duties on 99 
 
 Dress patterns, linen, duties on . 104 
 Dress patterns of silk, duties on. Ill 
 Dress patterns, silk, duties on . 114 
 Dress patterns, wool of all tex- 
 tures, duties on 108 
 
 Drugs and chemical products, 
 
 how rated in certain cases .... 68 
 Druus, medicinal and chemical, 
 
 duties on 118 
 
 Dry measures, table of 355 
 
 Duebill, what is, and what it 
 
 contains 307 
 
 Duebill s, rules regarding 307 
 
 Durango, legal directory of. .... 405 
 Durango, mercantile "directory 
 
 of 426 
 
 Dyewoods, duties on 80 
 
 PAGE. 
 Dyewoods, extracts of, duties on 119 
 
 Dynamite, duties on 128 
 
 Ecuador, consuls in Mexico 366 
 
 Ecuador, Mexican consuls in.. . . 370 
 
 Eggs, duties on 70 
 
 Elastic of cotton, duties on 100 
 
 Elastic of linen or hemp, duties 
 
 on. 105 
 
 Elastic, silk and rubber, duties 
 
 on 116 
 
 Elastic, wool and rubber, duties 
 
 on 110 
 
 Election for mining deputations, 
 
 how held 187, 188 
 
 Elections of members of mining 
 deputations, who to take part 
 
 in 184 
 
 Electric batteries, duties on. ... 125 
 Electric light, globes for, duties 
 
 on 125 
 
 Elevators, duties on .'.... 125 
 
 Emery, duties on 91 
 
 England, diplomatic representa- 
 tives of Mexico in 360 
 
 England, see Great Britain . 
 Embroideries on canvas, duties 
 
 on 132 
 
 Ensenada de Todos Santos, legal 
 
 directory of 406 
 
 Enseuada d Todos Santos, mer- 
 cantile directory of 427 
 
 Envelopes of all kinds and sizes, 
 
 duties on 124 
 
 Erasures, blots, etc., in consular 
 
 invoices 30 
 
 Errors in invoices, how corrected 33 
 
 Ether, duties on. ....... 118 
 
 Examiners of corporations, elec- 
 tion and duties of 289 
 
 Examination of baggage of pas- 
 sengers 42 
 
 Examination of books, papers, 
 etc., of merchants, how to be 
 
 made 280,281 
 
 Executive authorized to acquire 
 lands for colonization pur- 
 poses 268 
 
 Executive may exempt vessels 
 
 from being visited or examined 319 
 Executive, official directory of. . 376 
 Executive to authorize compa- 
 nies for measurement, etc., of 
 
 public lands 265 
 
 Executive to designate pena'ties 
 for infringing provisions of 
 Mining Code 182
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 525 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Executive to determine what 
 public lands are to be colo- 
 nized 261 
 
 Executive to enter into contracts 
 for working mining district s .. 199 
 
 Executive to inter into contracts 
 with companies for coloniza- 
 tion purposes ... 266 
 
 Executive to issue regulations 
 for corps of engineers and min- 
 ers 141 
 
 Exemptions given to colonists 
 establishing themselves in the 
 Republic 262 
 
 Exemptions gran ted to companies 
 organized for colonization pur- 
 poses 266 
 
 Exemption of tonnage dues, when 
 granted 19, 20 
 
 Expatriation and naturalization 
 do not exempt extradition of 
 criminal 243 
 
 Expatriation, right of, recognized 243 
 
 Expatriation, rules as to 243 
 
 Expenses of measurement, sur- 
 vey, etc., of public lands, who 
 to make them 256 
 
 Expert, appointment of, in cases 
 of denouncement of mines. ... 151 
 
 Experts, how must they refer the 
 courses in measuring mining 
 claims 161 
 
 Experts must take part in cer- 
 tain mining labors 167 
 
 Experts of mining deputation, 
 book for registration of 191 
 
 Experts to estimate cost of drain- 
 age of mines in certain cases . . 168 
 
 Experts to visit mines, when and 
 how 164 
 
 Experts, when appointed in cer- 
 tain cases 148 
 
 Exploration labors in mining dis- 
 tricts, who may undertake .... 142 
 
 Exploration, when explorer must 
 terminate such work in mine 144 
 
 Explorations for discovery of 
 mine, how carried on in private 
 property . 142 
 
 Explorations for the discovery of 
 mines, how to be made 142 
 
 Explorer of mining property must 
 give bond, when 143 
 
 Explosives of all kinds, duties on 128 
 
 Exportation of national antiqui- 
 ties prohibited 49 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Exportation in general 49 
 
 Exportations, statistics as to. ... 400 
 
 Exportations to foreign countries 
 in 1890-91 401 
 
 Exportations to foreign countries 
 in five fiscal years 400 
 
 Express companies, duties of, as 
 to baggage 45 
 
 Extension of permit for the ex- 
 ploration of mining property, 
 when given 144 
 
 Extension of time for taking 
 possess on of mine, when 
 granted 155 
 
 Extension of various lines of 
 rail* ay 402, 403 
 
 Exterior removable structures 
 to be paid for in cases of de- 
 nouncement of mines 156 
 
 Extradition treaties for political 
 offenders cannot be made 216 
 
 Extradition treaty with United 
 States 223 
 
 Falls or streams of water may 
 not be denounced separately 
 from their reduction works. . . 157 
 
 Fans, cardboard or paper, duties 
 on 123 
 
 Fans, cloth, duties on 129 
 
 Fans, various kinds of, duties 
 on 74 
 
 Fans, with ribs and handles of 
 wood, duties on 80 
 
 Feather dusters, duties on. . . _. . 132 
 
 Feathers, duties on 70 
 
 Fecnlas, duties on 78 
 
 Federal administration, official 
 directory 376 
 
 Federal constitution 213 
 
 Federal district, directory of, 
 government of 384 
 
 Federal district, foreign mer- 
 chandise in 133 
 
 Federal elective offices, no per- 
 son may hold two 221 
 
 Federal executive, powers and 
 duties of in reference to cus- 
 tom house ordinance. ....... 17 
 
 Fees in mining cases, when to be 
 fixed by experts 196 
 
 Fees of Mexican consuls for cer- 
 tification of documents 38 
 
 Fees of mining deputations, how 
 paid 181 
 
 Fees of mining deputations, 
 must be prepaid 193
 
 526 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 Fees to be collected by mining 
 
 deputations 192 
 
 Fees to be paid in mining pro- 
 ceedings 192 
 
 Felt wool, duties on 109 
 
 Final balance of corporation, 
 
 how approved 293 
 
 Fine as to packages containing 
 cotton, linen, etc., when im- 
 posed - 29 
 
 Fine for interlineations, era- 
 sures, etc., in manifests. ..... 21 
 
 Fine for not treating with civil- 
 ity custom house officers 25 
 
 Fine when no. statement as to 
 
 samples is made 31 
 
 Fines for nonpresentation of 
 documents by captains of ves- 
 sels 22, 23 
 
 Fines, when imposed by politi- 
 cal authorities 217 
 
 Firearms of all kinds, duties on. 128 
 
 Fire brick, duties on 92 
 
 Fire clay, duties on 91 
 
 Fireworks, duties on 128 
 
 First discoverer of mine to have 
 preference as to exploration ... 144 
 
 Fish, duties on 69 
 
 Fish glue, duties on 71 
 
 Flasks and jars, duties on 95 
 
 Flax, crude or hackled, duties 
 
 on 76 
 
 Flax, spun goods of, duties on . . 101 
 
 Flour, duties on 78 
 
 Flowers, artificial, and feathers, 
 
 duties on 131 
 
 Flowers, duties on 77 
 
 Flutings, cotton, duties on 99 
 
 Foreign cattle, how to be exam- 
 ined when entering Mexico. . . 321 
 Foreign countries, exportations 
 
 to in 1890-91 401 
 
 Foreign countries, statistics as 
 
 to importations from 398 
 
 Foreign laws, existence of must 
 
 be proved 315 
 
 Foreigners and naturalization, 
 
 law regarding 239 
 
 Foreigners are exempted from 
 
 military service 248 
 
 Foreigners, duties of . . .218, 219, 248 
 Foreigners have the right to 
 vote at elections of mining 
 
 deputations 185 
 
 Foreigners, how they may ac- 
 quire real estate 247 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Foreigners may acquire mining 
 property, how 138 
 
 Foreigners may ask their certifi- 
 cates of naturalization, when, 246 
 
 Foreigners may be naturalized, 
 how 244 
 
 Foreigners must declare their in- 
 tention of becoming natural- 
 ized, when 249 
 
 Foreigners, naturalized, to have 
 certain rights 245 
 
 Foreigners not to enjoy certain 
 political rights 248 
 
 Foreigners, pernicious, may be 
 expelled from the Repub ic.. . . 249 
 
 Foreigners, rights and obliga- 
 tions of 247 
 
 Foreigners, rights not granted 
 to them by the law 249 
 
 Foreigners, rights of, how may 
 be restricted 247, 248 
 
 Foreigners, rights of, in certain 
 cases 248 
 
 Foreigners serving in the mer- 
 chant national navy, how 
 naturalized 245 
 
 Foreigners to contribute for the 
 public expenses 248 
 
 Foreigners, where may be sued.. 
 315, 316 
 
 Foreigners, who are 219, 241 
 
 Foreign companies establishing 
 themselves in Republic, duties 
 of 276, 277 
 
 Foreigners may follow mercan- 
 tile pursuits 276 
 
 Foreign companies, regulations 
 as to 294 
 
 Foreign companies, subject to 
 certain provisions 294 
 
 Foreign consuls in Mexico, list of 363 
 
 Foreign countries, exportation 
 to in five fiscal years 400 
 
 Foreign diplomatic representa- 
 tives in Mexico, list of 361 
 
 Foreign money, no one obliged 
 to take it 312 
 
 Foreign money, value of in the 
 Republic 312 
 
 Foreign relations, see Depart- 
 ment of Foreign Relations. 
 
 Formalities of contracts, wills, 
 etc. , how regulated 314 
 
 Forts, military quarters, etc., to 
 be under inspection of federal 
 authorities. ... 222
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 527 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Founders of corporations, how 
 payment of amount due them 
 
 must be made 285 
 
 Founders of corporations, opera- 
 tions of to be approved at gen- 
 eral meeting 286 
 
 Fowls, duties on 69 
 
 Frames for parasols and um- 
 brellas, duties on 125 
 
 France, consuls in Mexico 368 
 
 France, diplomatic representa- 
 tives in Mexico 362 
 
 France, diplomatic representa- 
 tives of Mexico in 360 
 
 France, Mexican consuls in 373 
 
 Franchises granted to companies 
 
 for colonization purposes. ... 266 
 Freedom of speech, etc., granted, 215 
 Free zone, concessions to inhab- 
 itants in 60 
 
 Free zone, importations to, how 
 
 made 61 
 
 Free zone, regulations as to.. . .60, 61 
 Free zone, what is comprised in, 60 
 Fresh meats, importation of, 
 
 how effected 34 
 
 Fresnillo, legal directory of 406 
 
 Fresnillo, mercantile directory of 427 
 Fringe, braid, ribbons, etc., 
 
 duties on 99 
 
 Fringe, galloon, etc., duties on, 109 
 Fringe, galloon, etc., linen, 
 
 duties on 104 
 
 Frontera, port charges at 332 
 
 Frontier custom houses 135 
 
 Frontier custom houses, regula- 
 tions as to 50 
 
 Frontier towns, importation of 
 merchandise for consumption 
 
 of, how regulated 54 
 
 Frontier towns, inhabitants of, 
 when not considered as pas- 
 sengers 59 
 
 Frontier towns, sanitary service 
 
 in 321 
 
 Fruits, duties on 76 
 
 Funds for payment of bill of ex- 
 change, how provided 297 
 
 Furnaces of various kinds, duties 
 
 on 93 
 
 Furniture, brass or bronze, duties 
 
 on 86 
 
 Furniture, iron of all kinds, du- 
 ties on 90 
 
 Furniture of all kinds, duties on 
 82,83 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Furniture of colonists to be im- 
 ported free from duties 270 
 
 Furs, duties on , 70 
 
 Gallery of exploration of mine 
 when permitted to be made by 
 
 mining deputation 171 
 
 G-alloons and textures of common 
 
 metal, duties on 86 
 
 Galloons and texture of silver, 
 
 duties on .... 84 
 
 Game-bags, duties on 132 
 
 Garden products, duties on . ... 76 
 
 Garters, cotton, duties on 99 
 
 Garters, linen or hemp, duties on 104 
 Garters, wool of all kinds, duties 
 
 on 109 
 
 General manifest, certification of 21 
 General manifest, how prepared 
 at place where there is no Mex- 
 ican consul 21 
 
 General meeting of shareholders 
 
 of corporations, power of 290 
 
 General meeting of stockholders 
 
 of corporations, when called. . 285 
 Germany, consuls in Mexico. . . . 363 
 Germany, diplomatic representa- 
 tives of Mexico in 360 
 
 Germany, diplomatic representa- 
 tives in Mexico 361 
 
 Germany, Mexican consuls in. . . 369 
 Gold articles, not specified, du- 
 ties on 129 
 
 Gold, coinage of, in the Republic 
 
 396, 397 
 
 Gold, extracted in bullion or dust, 
 
 duties on 83 
 
 Gold leaf for gilding, duties on. . 84 
 Gold, production of, in Mexico. . 395 
 
 Glass, articles of, duties on 93 
 
 Glasses for spectacles and 
 
 watches, duties on 96 
 
 Gloves, duties on 72 
 
 Gloves, wool, duties on 109 
 
 Glucose, duties on 78 
 
 Glue, duties on 71 
 
 Glycerine, duties on 71 
 
 Graduated experts for reduction 
 
 of ore, fees of 195 
 
 Graduated expert in mining dis- 
 trict, when to be appointed. . . 142 
 
 Grains, duties on 76 
 
 Grindstones and whetstones, du- 
 ties on 93 
 
 Grants of public lands for coloni- 
 zation purposes, extent of. ... 261 
 Graphite, duties on 91
 
 528 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Great Britain, consuls in Mexico. 369 
 Great Britain, diplomatic repre- 
 sentative of Mexico in 360 
 
 Great Britain, diplomatic repre- 
 sentative in Mexico 362 
 
 Great Britain, Mexican consuls in 373 
 
 Greece, consuls in Mexico 369 
 
 Grenetine, duties on 71 
 
 Gross weight, what is 65 
 
 Ground used to open shafts, es- 
 tablish offices, etc., how occu- 
 pied 157 
 
 Guadalajara, legal directory of. . 406 
 Guadalajara, mercantile direc- 
 tory of 427-432 
 
 Guanajuato, legal directory of.. . 407 
 Guanajuato, mercantile directory 
 
 of 432-434 
 
 Guano, duties on 71 
 
 Guarantee as to a bill of exchange, 
 
 what is 300 
 
 Guarantee as to bill of exchange, 
 
 how evidenced 300 
 
 Guatemala, consuls in Mexico. . . 364 
 Guatemala, diplomatic represen- 
 tative in Mexico 362 
 
 Guatemala, Mexican consuls in. 374 
 
 Guaymas, legal directory of 407 
 
 Guaymas, mercantile directory 
 
 of 434 
 
 Guaymas, port charges at 341 
 
 Gulf of Mexico, customs houses 
 
 in the 134 
 
 Gulf of Mexico, custom sections 
 
 or posts in the 135 
 
 Gum Arabic and other gums, 
 
 duties on . 79 
 
 Gum liquid (mucilage) duties on 119 
 
 .Gums, duties on 78 
 
 Gun cotton, duties on 128 
 
 Gunpowder of all kinds, duties 
 
 on 128 
 
 Guttapercha articles not speci- 
 fied, duties on 129 
 
 Gypsum, articles of, duties on... 92 
 Habilitation, meaning given to 
 
 the word in mining matters. . . 175 
 Habilitator of mine, when loses 
 
 his rights 177 
 
 Hair, duties on 69, 70 
 
 Hair cloth, duties on 75 
 
 Hair, human, duties on 75 
 
 Hair, vegetable, duties on 77 
 
 Hamburg- American Packet Com- 
 pany, information as to 
 
 Hand carts, duties on 126 
 
 PAGE. 
 Handkerchiefs, cotton, duties on 109 
 
 Handkerchiefs, duties on 67 
 
 Handkerchiefs, linen, duties on. 104 
 
 Handles for tools, duties on 81 
 
 Harness, duties on 72 
 
 Harrison line of steamers, infor- 
 mation as to 509 
 
 Hat linings of all kinds, duties 
 
 on 131 
 
 Hats of all kinds, duties on 132 
 
 Hawaiian Islands, consuls in Mex- 
 ico 364 
 
 Hawaiian Islands, Mexican con- 
 suls in 374 
 
 Hay, duties on 77 
 
 Hayti, Mexican consuls in 374 
 
 Heirs of merchants, when must 
 
 keep books 281 
 
 Hemp cloths and articles of, du- 
 ties on 66 
 
 Hemp, crude or hackled, duties 
 
 on 76 
 
 Hemp, spun, goods of, dut ; es on 101 
 Hermosillo, legal directory of . . . 407 
 Hermosillo, mercantile directory 
 
 of 435 
 
 Hidalgo and Northeastern Kail- 
 way, extension in kilometers. . 403 
 Hidalgo del Panal, legal direc- 
 tory of 407 
 
 Holder of bill of exchange cannot 
 refuse to receive partial pay- 
 ment 300 
 
 Holder of bill of exchange must 
 demand acceptance from cer- 
 tain persons 299 
 
 Holder of a bill of exchange, 
 
 rights of 304 
 
 Holder of bill of exchange, rights 
 
 of action against others 305 
 
 Holder of a bill of exchange, 
 
 when he loses his rights 299 
 
 Holder of a check, rights- of, in 
 
 certain cases 309 
 
 Holder of bill of exchange, is 
 owner of funds provided for its 
 
 payment 297 
 
 Holder of check, when must pre- 
 sent it for payment 309 
 
 Holder of letter of credit must 
 
 prove his identity 310 
 
 Holder of letter of credit, rights 
 
 of 310, 311 
 
 Holland, consuls in Mexico 365 
 
 Holland, Mexican consuls in. ... 374 
 Honduras, consuls in Mexico. . . 364
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 529 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Honey, duties on 71 
 
 Hops, duties on 77 
 
 Horses, mules, and asses, duties 
 on 68 
 
 Household effects of passengers, 
 how imported ,. . . 44 
 
 Huamantla, legal directory of. . 408 
 
 Husband, when may revoke au- 
 thority given to wife to act as 
 merchant 275 
 
 Hydrometric measures, tables of 354 
 
 Hyposulphite of soda, duties on. 119 
 
 Ice, duties on 131 
 
 Ignorance of law is no excuse ... 315 
 
 Immigrants, to declare their in- 
 tention as to nationality 264 
 
 Importation duties, tariff of, gen- 
 eral rules for its application . . 64 
 
 Importation of articles, free from 
 duties, by colonists, how reg- 
 ulated 270 
 
 Importation of certain articles 
 for colonists, free from duties. 269 
 
 Importation of cattle, how af- 
 fected 33 
 
 Importation of fresh meats, how 
 affected 34 
 
 Importation of merchandise for 
 consumption in frontier towns 54 
 
 Importation permits when issued 
 by frontier custom houses .... 54 
 
 Importation permits, when to be- 
 come void 56, 57 
 
 Importations for consumption in 
 Free Zone, how made 61 
 
 Importations of samples, how af- 
 fected 40, 41 
 
 Importations, statistics as to. 398, 399 
 
 Importations through interna- 
 tional railways, how regulated 
 53, 54 
 
 Imprisonment for debts not per- 
 mitted 216 
 
 Indentures for organization of 
 companies, what to contain . . 282 
 
 Indigo, duties on 79 
 
 Indorsement of bill of exchange 
 may be in blank 298 
 
 Indorsement of bills of exchange, 
 rules as to 298 
 
 Indorsement of bill of exchange, 
 when legal 298 
 
 Indorsers of bills of exchange, 
 
 rights of in certain cases 305 
 
 Infringement of letters patent, 
 how regulated 207 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Ink, writing, duties on 120 
 
 Insertions, linen, duties on 105 
 
 Insertions, wool, duties on Ill 
 
 Insolvency of drawee of bill of 
 exchange, how it affects pro- 
 test 303 
 
 Inspection of baggage of passen- 
 gers 41 
 
 Inspectors of mines, when and 
 how appointed 142 
 
 Inspectors, duties of regarding 
 baggage and passengers at 
 frontier custom houses 58 
 
 Institutions of credit, how regu- 
 lated 312 
 
 Instruction is free to all in Mex- 
 ico 214 
 
 Interest on bill of exchange, how 
 computed 304 
 
 Interest on expenses of protest, 
 etc., regarding bills of ex- 
 change, when to begin 307 
 
 Instruments, scientific and mu- 
 sical, duties on 125 
 
 Instruments, scientific, what du- 
 ties to be paid on 64 
 
 Interlineations, erasures, etc. , in 
 consular invoices 30 
 
 Interlineations, in manifest, fine 
 for 21 
 
 Internal revenue tax, informa- 
 tion as to 513 
 
 International railways, provis- 
 ions as to importations through 
 52, 53 
 
 International transit of foreign 
 merchandise 49 
 
 Intervenors of mines, duties of. . 177 
 
 Intervenor of mine, in cases of 
 habilitation 177 
 
 Invoice, certified copy of, when 
 may be demanded 32 
 
 Invoice, lack of, how punished. . 31 
 
 Invoices, errors in, how cor- 
 rected 
 
 Invoices, how prepared 
 
 Invoices, how to obtain certifica- 
 tion of, in certain cases 33 
 
 Invoices in places where there is 
 no Mexican consul, how pre- 
 pared 31 
 
 Invoices, in what language 
 written 32 
 
 Invoices of merchandise, when 
 to be presented to Mexican 
 consul 31
 
 530 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 Invoices, noncompliance of law 
 
 as to, how punished 32 
 
 Invoices of packages containing 
 
 samples 30 
 
 Invoices, what to contain 26 
 
 Iodine and iodoform, duties on. . 120 
 
 Irapuato, legal directory of 408 
 
 Irapuato, mercantile directory 
 
 of 436 
 
 Iron, articles of, duties on .... 88, 89 
 
 Iron ores, duties on 87 
 
 Iron, tin, etc., in natural state, 
 who is owner of, and how ex- 
 tracted 139 
 
 Irregular mining deposits, how 
 
 measured 160 
 
 Irregularities in documents of 
 captains of vessels, how ex- 
 plained 23 
 
 Islands, colonization of, how ef- 
 fected 267 
 
 Italy, consuls in Mexico 364 
 
 Italy, diplomatic representative 
 
 in Mexico 362 
 
 Italy, diplomatic representatives 
 
 of Mexico in 361 
 
 Italy, Mexican consuls in 374 
 
 Ivory, duties on 69 
 
 Jalapa, legal directory of 408 
 
 Jalapa, mercantile directory of. . 436 
 
 Japan, consuls in Mexico 365 
 
 Japan, diplomatic representative 
 
 in Mexico 362 
 
 Japan, diplomatic representa- 
 tives of Mexico in 359 
 
 Japan, Mexican consuls in 374 
 
 Japan, consuls in Mexico 364 
 
 Jars and flasks of various kinds, 
 
 duties on 95 
 
 Jet, articles of, duties on. ..... 92 
 
 Jet, crude, duties on .... 90 
 
 Jewelry of all kinds, duties on 
 
 83, 84 
 
 Jewelry of copper, brass, etc., 
 
 duties on 86 
 
 Joint liability of persons execut- 
 ing a bill of exchange 304 
 
 Joint owners of public lands, 
 
 rights of 254 
 
 Judicial capacity, how acquired 
 
 by a person 314 
 
 Judicial controversy, how de- 
 cided in certain cases 315 
 
 Judiciary of the federation. ... 389 
 Jurisdiction of mining deputa- 
 tions.. . 186 
 
 PAGE. 
 Jute, crude or hackled, duties 
 
 on 76 
 
 La Barca, legal directory of 408 
 
 La Barca, mercantile directory 
 
 of 437 
 
 La Paz, legal directory of 408 
 
 La Paz, mercantile directory of. . 438 
 
 La Paz, port charges at 342 
 
 Lace and netting, linen, duties 
 
 on 102 
 
 Lace and net goods of wool, du- 
 ties on 106 
 
 Lace and network of cotton, da- 
 ties on 97 
 
 Lace, blonde, etc., silk, duties 
 
 on Ill, 112 
 
 Lagos, legal directory of 414 
 
 Lagos, mercantile directory of . . 437 
 Lagos, San Juan de los, legal di- 
 rectory of 408 
 
 Lamps for miners, duties on .... 125 
 Land quarantines, duration of. . 321 
 Land quarantines, when proper. 321 
 Language in which books of mer- 
 chants are to be kept 278 
 
 Language in which documents 
 
 presented by captains must be. 24 
 Landmarks of mining claims, 
 
 how made 161 
 
 Landmarks of mining claims to 
 
 be immovable 161 
 
 Lands for colonization purposes, 
 
 under what conditions gran ted. 261 
 Lands granted to colonists when 
 
 surveyed. 265 
 
 Lard, duties on 70 
 
 Lava, articles of, duties on. ..... 92 
 
 Law and its effects, provisions 
 
 regarding 313 
 
 Law as to public lands for colo- 
 nization purposes 261 
 
 Law of patents 2<)2 
 
 Law of trade-marks 210 
 
 Law regarding foreigners and 
 
 naturalization 239 
 
 Law to foster mining and agri- 
 culture 198 
 
 Law, when to be abrogated or 
 
 repealed 314 
 
 Laws, adoption of, regulated by 
 
 constitution 315 
 
 Laws of occupation and sale of 
 
 public lands 251 
 
 Laws, regulations, etc., whereto 
 
 be binding 313 
 
 Laws, when to take effect 313
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 531 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Lazarettos, when to be estab- 
 lished 321 
 
 Lead, articles of, duties on 87 
 
 Leather and skin, articles of, 
 
 duties on 71, 72 
 
 Ledger, separate accounts to be 
 
 kept in by merchant 280 
 
 Legal directory of the leading 
 
 cities of Mexico 404 
 
 Legal proceedings in mining 
 
 cases 178 
 
 Legal weight, what is 65 
 
 Leggings, duties on 72 
 
 Legislative branch of govern- 
 ment, directory of 386 
 
 Leon, legal directory of 408 
 
 Leon, mercantile directory of . . . 438 
 Lenses of various kinds, duties 
 
 on 95 
 
 Lessees of public lands, rights of, 254 
 Letter of credit, how it may be 
 
 executed 310 
 
 Letter of credit, what is a 310 
 
 Letters and telegrams of mer- 
 chants, how to be kept and 
 
 copied 281 
 
 Letters patent, how annuled. . . 207 
 Letters of credit for delivery of 
 
 merchandise, etc., permitted. . 311 
 Letters of credit, need not be ac- 
 cepted or protested 310 
 
 Letters of credit, rules concern- 
 ing 310 
 
 Letters of merchants, when to 
 
 be exhibited 280 
 
 Letters patents, howgranted,204, 205 
 
 Lighthouses, dues of vessels 19 
 
 Lightning rods, all kinds, duties 
 
 on 126 
 
 Lime, duties on 91 
 
 Limestones, basalts, etc., who is 
 
 owner of 1 39 
 
 Limitations as to public lands, 
 
 what are , 256 
 
 Linares, legal directory of 408 
 
 Linares, mercantile directory of. 439 
 
 Linear measure, table of 354 
 
 Linen, clothes and articles of, 
 
 duties on 66 
 
 Linen, stockinet, articles or 
 manufactures of, duties on.. . . 103 
 
 Linings, silk, duties on 114 
 
 Liquidators of corporations, how 
 
 appointed 293 
 
 Liquidation of corporations, how 
 effected .293 
 
 PAGE. 
 Liquors (liqueurs) of every kind, 
 
 duties on 121 
 
 Lint, antiseptic, duties on 118 
 
 List of agents of Wells, Fargo & 
 
 Co.'s Express 49! 
 
 List of custom houses. . . 134 
 
 List of foreign consuls in Mexico 363 
 List of Mexican consuls abroad.. 369 
 List of -mines to be denounced, to 
 be published by mining depu- 
 tations 155 
 
 List of packages unloaded from 
 
 vessels, when prepared 25 
 
 Litigation in mining cases, how 
 
 decided 178 
 
 Live animals, duties on 68 
 
 Local political authority to act 
 
 as mining deputation, when.. 141 
 Local tariff from City of Mexico 
 of Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Ex- 
 press 493 
 
 Log book of vessel, when must 
 
 be exhibited 23 
 
 Log book, when to be exhibited. 25 
 Lost bill of exchange, new copy 
 
 may be issued 301 
 
 Lost bill of exchange, rules re- 
 garding 301 
 
 Lots of lands, given to colonists 
 
 in new towns 264 
 
 Lyes, concentrated, duties on. . . 119 
 Machinery and apparatus, duties 
 
 on 125 
 
 Machinery, accessories of, how 
 
 rated 68 
 
 Machinery, tools, etc., cannot be 
 attached except for payment 
 of wages of mining operatives. 178 
 Magdalena Bay, port charges at. . 347 
 
 Magnesium, duties on 90 
 
 Mail messengers and carriers, 
 provisions regarding upon ar- 
 rival at Republic 47 
 
 Majority of votes in mining 
 companies decides questions, 
 
 etc 173 
 
 Managers of corporations, duties 
 
 of 289 
 
 Management of corporations in- 
 vested in board of directors. . . 288 
 
 Manifests, what to contain 20 
 
 Manifests, when considered null. 24 
 Manufactured articles of metal, 
 
 duties on 83 
 
 Manufactured articles, with 
 fringes, duties on 65
 
 632 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Manufactures of two or more ma- 
 terials, what duty to pay 64 
 
 Mauzamllo, mercantile directory 
 
 of 465 
 
 Manzanillo, port charges at 340 
 
 Maps and charts, duties on 123 
 
 Marble articles, duties on 92 
 
 Marble slabs for floors or furni- 
 ture, duties on 93 
 
 Marriage is a civil contract 222 
 
 Maritime custom houses, list of, 134 
 Married women, domicile of. ... 316 
 Married woman, how may obtain 
 authorization to act as a mer- 
 chant 275 
 
 Married women, rights of in cer- 
 tain cases 275 
 
 Married women, when may trans- 
 act business 275 
 
 Masks of all kinds, duties on. . . . 130 
 Masks of iron or steel wire, 
 
 duties on 90 
 
 Masts and spars for vessels, 
 
 duties on 80 
 
 Matamoros, legal directory of. . . 408 
 Matamoros, mercantile directory 
 
 of 440 
 
 Matamoros, port charges at 338 
 
 Matches and tapers, duties on. . 119 
 Matriculation of foreigners 
 
 abolished 249 
 
 Mats, duties on 82 
 
 Mattresses, duties on 130 
 
 Maturity of bill of exchange, 
 
 payment may be made before. 300 
 Maturity of bills of exchange, 
 
 when 295 
 
 Mazatlan, legal directory of. ... 409 
 Mazatlan, mercantile directory 
 
 of 440 
 
 Mazatlan, port charges at ....... 339 
 
 Measurement of a mining claim, 
 
 how made 159 
 
 Measurement of a mining claim 
 
 in certain cases 159 
 
 Measures and weights, tables of. 353 
 
 Meats, duties on 69, 70 
 
 Meats, fresh, importation of, 
 
 how effected 34 
 
 Mechanisms for clocks and 
 
 watches, duties on 126 
 
 Medical inspection, when to be 
 adopted in lieu of quarantine. 321 
 
 Medicine chests, duties on 117 
 
 Meetings of corporations, how 
 and when held . 290 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Meetings of shareholders of cor- 
 porations, what done in 285 
 
 Meerschaum, articles of, duties 
 on 92 
 
 Members of boards of directors 
 of corporations to deposit 
 shares. ... 288 
 
 Members of board of directors of 
 corporations, when cannot vote 292 
 
 Mercantile accounts, rules as to 278 
 
 Mercantile companies, different 
 classes of 281 
 
 Mercantile directory of the lead- 
 ing cities of the Republic 416 
 
 Merchandise, how desciibed in 
 invoice 26 
 
 Merchant, foreign, must keep his 
 books in Spanish .... 278 
 
 Merchants, general obligations 
 of 276, 277 
 
 Merchants, how to keep their 
 letters and telegrams 281 
 
 Merchants must show their books 
 in certain cases 280 
 
 Merchants are obliged to keep 
 accounts 278 
 
 Merchants, who are considered.. 274 
 
 Merida, legal directory of 409 
 
 Merida, mercantile directory of 
 441-444 
 
 Metals not specified in tariff, du- 
 tieson 90 
 
 Metric system, weights and meas- 
 ures according to. 35 
 
 Mexican Central Rail way, exten- 
 sion in kilometers 402 
 
 Mexican Central Railway, gen- 
 eral information, etc 500 
 
 Mexican citizens, prerogatives 
 and obligations of 220 
 
 Mexican citizens, who are 220 
 
 Mexican coins, weights and meas- 
 ures 353 
 
 Mexican consular agents, duties 
 of, relative to custom house 
 ordinance 7 
 
 Mexican consuls, abroad, duties 
 of 35 
 
 Mexican consuls, abroad, list of. 369 
 
 Mexican consuls, to certify bills 
 
 of health . . .. 318 
 
 Mexican consuls, various duties 
 
 of. 38, 39 
 
 Mexican dollar is the basis for 
 
 business operations 311 
 
 Mexican, duties of a 219
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Mexican International Railway, 
 extension in kilometers 403 
 
 Mexican International Railway, 
 general information, etc 504 
 
 Mexican Interoceanic Railway, 
 extension in kilometers 402 
 
 Mexican Interoceanic Railway, 
 general information, etc 504 
 
 Mexican National Railway, ex- 
 tension in kilometers 402 
 
 Mexican National Railway, gen- 
 eral information, etc 503 
 
 Mexican Northern Railway, ex- 
 tension in kilometers 403 
 
 Mexican Northern Railway, gen- 
 eral information, etc 507 
 
 Mexican Railway, extension in 
 kilometers 402 
 
 Mexican Railway, general infor- 
 mation, etc . 502 
 
 Mexican Southern Railway, ex- 
 tension in kilometers 403 
 
 Mexican Southern Railway, gen- 
 eral information, etc 506 
 
 Mexicans residing abroad, grant 
 of land to 264 
 
 Mexicans, who are 219, 239, 315 
 
 Mexicans, when to be preferred 
 to foreigners 219 
 
 Mexicans, where may be sued 
 315, 316 
 
 Mexico, City of, census in 1890. 394 
 
 Mexico, City of, common council 
 for 1892 385 
 
 Mexico, City of, legal directory 
 of 409 
 
 Mexico, City of, mercantile direc- 
 tory of 444-463 
 
 Military authorities, what power 
 to exercise in time of peace.. . 221 
 
 Military service, domicile of, 
 persons in 316 
 
 Military zones, list of command- 
 ers of 386 
 
 Milk, duties on 70 
 
 Millstones, duties on 93 
 
 Mine is indivisible and cannot be 
 divided between different own- 
 ers 172 
 
 Mine owners when absent must 
 leave agent 181 
 
 Mine owners must maintain 
 drainage of mines 167 
 
 Mine to be worked, even incases 
 of insolvency, testamentary 
 proceedings, etc 179 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Mine, when considered deserted 
 and abandoned 1 46 
 
 Miners, how inscribed in regis- 
 ter of mining deputation 185 
 
 Miners, how to vote at elections 
 for mining deputations . 187 
 
 Miners to keep within the limits 
 of their claims, when 16S 
 
 Miners, when to take and sell 
 tools, etc 178 
 
 Mineral coal, who is owner of 
 deposits of .... 139 
 
 Mineral products, duties on 91 
 
 Mineral waters, natural or artifi- 
 cial, duties on 120 
 
 Minor, domicile of 316 
 
 Minors, when may transact busi- 
 ness 275 
 
 Mints of the Republic, coinage 
 of 397, 398 
 
 Minutes of general meeting of 
 shareholders of corporations, 
 what to contain 285 
 
 Minutes of meetings of corpora- 
 tions, how made 292 
 
 Mines and deposits of inorganic 
 substances, subject to Mining 
 Code 137 
 
 Mines and mining property, man- 
 ner of acquiring 145 
 
 Mines and mining property, what 
 is ownership of 138 
 
 Mines benefited by drainage are 
 subject to certain provisions. . 168 
 
 Mines and mining property, who 
 may acquire them 1 38 
 
 Mines and mining property, what 
 are 137 
 
 Mines, certain exempted from di- 
 rect taxes 179 
 
 Mines to pay a single direct tax. 179 
 
 Mining claims, how many con- 
 stitute a single concession .... 1 58 
 
 Mining claims, what figure they 
 
 160 
 
 are to have in certain cases. . . . 
 Mining claims, when denounced. 140 
 Mining company, how to be con- 
 stituted 172 
 
 Mining companies may acquire 
 
 four continuous claims 172 
 
 Mining companies or partnerships 
 
 how established 172 
 
 Mining companies, regulations of 171 
 
 Mining Code 1 37 
 
 Mining concessions upon veins, 
 what are.. 158
 
 534 
 
 GENERAL INJEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Mining deputations already es- 
 tablished 196 
 
 Mining deputations are dependent 
 on Department of P ublic Works 141 
 
 Mining deputations, books to be 
 kept by 191 
 
 Mining deputations, certain du- 
 ties o! 180 
 
 Mining deputations, fees of .... 181 
 
 Mining deputations, .iow consti- 
 tuted 186 
 
 Mining deputations, how regu- 
 lated 142, 180 
 
 Mining deputationi must collect 
 data for f ormati on of mining 
 statistics 142 
 
 Mining deputation! must decide 
 question when there is equality 
 of votes 173 
 
 Mining deputations must observe 
 certain provisions of law 178 
 
 Mining deputations to give pref- 
 erence to graduated experts ... 191 
 
 Mining deputations to visit mines 
 in certaia cases 165 
 
 Mining deputations to appoint a 
 graduated expert 191 
 
 Mining deputations to grant pro- 
 tection to a mine in certain 
 cases 147 
 
 Mining deputations to order de- 
 nouncement of mine to be pub- 
 lished 150 
 
 Mining deputations, where to be 
 established 141 
 
 Mining deputy acting as secre- 
 tary to receive his fees 194 
 
 Mining deputies are excused from 
 performance of other munici- 
 pal duty 191 
 
 Mining deputies to appoint a 
 legal adviser 189 
 
 Mining deputies, treatment of 
 and accusations against 180 
 
 Mining deputations, how estab- 
 lished 186 
 
 Mining deputy, how may re- 
 nounce office 188 
 
 Mining deputies, how to hear and 
 determine important matters. 189 
 
 Mining deputies, how they may 
 alternate . 190 
 
 Mining deputations, powers and 
 duties of 185 
 
 Mining deputies, qualifications 
 of ., . 187 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Mining deputies, responsibility 
 of 181 
 
 Mining deputies shall have no 
 
 salary, but receive fees 186 
 
 Mining deputies shall alternate 
 
 in transaction of business.... 189 
 Mining deputations to be under 
 immediate supervision of De- 
 partment of Public Works. ... 185 
 Mining deputations, when may 
 order suspension in the work- 
 ing of mines 165 
 
 Mining deputies, when suspended 
 
 and fined 182 
 
 Mining experts, fees of 194 
 
 Mining explorations may not be 
 made in street or public square 145 
 
 Mining, law to foster 198 
 
 Mining laws of Mexico 137 
 
 Mining property, how transferred 139 
 Mining property, when forfeited 139 
 Mining properties, to remain sub- 
 sisting, etc 182 
 
 Mirrors of all kinds, duties on . . 94 
 Mirrors, whea considered part 
 
 of furniture 64 
 
 Models and molds for the arts, 
 
 duties on 130 
 
 Molasses, duties on 78 
 
 Monacco, Mexican consul in 374 
 
 Monastic orders not permitted .. 214 
 Money, foreign, value of in the 
 
 Republic 312 
 
 Money is the only subject mat- 
 ter of bill of exchange 295 
 
 Money, prescriptions of Code of 
 
 Commerce as to 311 
 
 Money values, table of 63 
 
 Monopolies, not permitted 218 
 
 Monterey and Mexican Gulf Rail- 
 way, extension- in kilometers. 
 Monterey and Mexican Gulf Rail- 
 road, general information, etc. 505 
 
 Monterey, legal directory of 411 
 
 Monterey ,mercantile directory of 463 
 
 Moral persons, who are 317 
 
 Morelia, legal directory of 411 
 
 Morelia, mercantile directory of. 465 
 Morgan line of steamers, informa- 
 tion as to 509 
 
 Morphine and its salts, duties on . 119 
 Mosaics of artificial stone for 
 
 paving, duties on 93 
 
 Moss, duties on 77 
 
 Mounting or setting to articles, 
 what are . . 67
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 535 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Mules, horses, and asses, duties 
 on 68 
 
 Muslin for binding books, du- 
 ties on ... . 97 
 
 Museums, collections for, duties 
 on 130 
 
 Music, printed or manuscript, du- 
 ties on 124 
 
 Musk, duties on 70 
 
 Mutilation, branding, etc., pro- 
 hibited 217 
 
 Nails, tacks, screws, etc., iron, 
 duties on 90 
 
 National antiquities may not be 
 exported 49 
 
 National construction company, 
 extension of railway of 403 
 
 Nationality, change of, has no 
 retroactive effects 315 
 
 National ships are part of na- 
 tional territory, for purposes 
 of determining place of tirth. . 242 
 
 Naturalization, law regarding. . . 239 
 
 Naturalization of foreigner void, 
 when 2i3 
 
 Naturalized citizen, rights and 
 obligations of 247 
 
 Naturalized citizens, rights of 
 protection of abroad 243 
 
 Naturalization, rules as to 244 
 
 Net weight, what is 65 
 
 Netherlands, Mexican consuls in 374 
 
 Netting, articles of cotton, duties 
 on 98 
 
 New custom house ordinance. . . 17 
 
 New election for mining depu- 
 ties, how held 188 
 
 New mining deputations, how 
 established 186 
 
 New York and Cuba Mail Steam- 
 . shipCompany, information as to 508 
 
 Nicaragua, consuls in Mexico. . . 365 
 
 Nickels, coinage of, in the Repub- 
 lic 396, 397 
 
 Nickel, duties on 90 
 
 Nitrate of silver, duties on 119 
 
 Nickel-plated articles of metal, 
 duties on 67 
 
 Northern frontier, customs, sec- 
 tions or posts in the 136 
 
 Notary to protest bills of ex- 
 change, how 303 
 
 Notices as to claims for public 
 lands, how published 255 
 
 Notification as to protest of bill 
 of exchange 305 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Notices of election of mining dep- 
 utations, how issued 186 
 
 .Notices to passengers to be 
 printed by custom house col- 
 lectors ... 47 
 
 Nuevo Laredo, legal directory of 411 
 Nuevo Laredo, mercantile direc- 
 tory of 466 
 
 Oath, religious, substitution of. . 222 
 
 Oats in the grain, duties on 76 
 
 Oaxaca, legal directory of 412 
 
 Oaxaca, mercantile directory of. 466 
 Obligations of all who transact 
 
 business 276 
 
 Occupation of land for opening 
 of mine, shaft, etc., when ef- 
 fected 140 
 
 Occupation of public lands, laws 
 
 as to 251 
 
 Ochers, duties on 91 
 
 Official visits to mines, how made 165 
 
 Oil, duties on 71 
 
 Oilcloth for tables, etc., duties 
 
 on 132 
 
 Oil measure, equivalents 355 
 
 Oil, mineral, duties on 91 
 
 Oils, lubricating, duties on 129 
 
 Oils, industrial, duties on. . . .78, 79 
 
 Oils, medicinal, duties on 78 
 
 Olive oil, duties on 78 
 
 Olives, duties on 76 
 
 Omnibuses, duties on 127, 128 
 
 Opening of tunnels to facilitate 
 drainage of mines, how effected 168 
 
 Opium, duties on 78 
 
 Opposition to denouncement of a 
 
 mine, when admissible 153 
 
 Opposition to denouncement of a 
 
 mine, when not admitted 153 
 
 Opposition to measurement, sur- 
 vey, etc., of public lands, when 
 
 may not be made 253 
 
 Orchil, duties on 119 
 
 Ordinance of maritime and fron- 
 tier custom houses ... 17 
 
 Ordinary elections of mining dep- 
 utations, when held 187 
 
 Organization of companies, how 
 
 effected 282 
 
 Organization of cor poration, 
 
 what to precede 284 
 
 Ornaments, sacerdotal, duties on 115 
 Ore, gold, silver, or platinum, 
 
 duties on 83 
 
 Ore of mines once worked and 
 abandoned, may not be picked 157
 
 536 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Ore, stone, of all kinds, duties 
 on 91 
 
 Ores obtained beyond the bound- 
 ary of a claim, what to be done 
 
 with them 163 
 
 Ores obtained while working into 
 
 other claims, how divided 162 
 
 Orizaba, legal directory of 412 
 
 Orizaba, mercantile directory of. 467 
 Owner of mine may be indemni- 
 fied for cost of drainage in cer- 
 tain cases 168 
 
 Owner of mine to be fined for dis- 
 obeying orders of mining depu- 
 tation 165 
 
 Owner of soil, in what he has ex- 
 clusive property 139 
 
 Owners of mines to indemnify 
 
 persons keeping up drainage. . 168 
 Owners of public lands, duties of. 253 
 Owners of shares in mining com- 
 pany entitled to vote 173 
 
 Ownership of mine, how it may 
 
 be forfeited 148 
 
 Ownership of mines and mining 
 
 property, how acquired 145 
 
 Pachuca, legal directory of 412 
 
 Pachuca, mercantile directory of. 469 
 Pacific Coast Steamship Com- 
 pany, information as to 509 
 
 Pacific Mail Steamship Com- 
 pany, information, etc 508 
 
 Pacific Ocean, custom houses in 
 
 the 134 
 
 Pacific Ocean, customs sections 
 
 or posts in the 136 
 
 Packages may contain several 
 
 bundles, boxes, etc., when. ... 28 
 Packages of merchandise, im- 
 ported, marks and numbers 
 
 on 33 
 
 Paintings on paper, cloth, etc., 
 
 duties on 132 
 
 Paints, boxes of, duties on 130 
 
 Panes of glass, duties on 96 
 
 Paper, manufactured articles of. 123 
 Paper of all kinds, duties on 
 
 121, 122 
 
 Paper, waste and clippings, 
 
 duties on 121 
 
 Paraffine, crude and in candles, 
 
 duties on 92 
 
 Paraguay, consuls in Mexico.. . . 365 
 Paraguay, Mexican consuls in. . . 374 
 Parasols, umbrellas, etc., cotton, 
 duties on ... 100 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Parcel post convention with the 
 United States 233 
 
 Parras, mercantile directory of. . 470 
 
 Partner in mining company may 
 dispose of his share 172 
 
 Partners in mining companies, 
 how responsible 173 
 
 Partners in mining companies, 
 rights of 172 
 
 Paso del Norte, see Ciudad 
 Juarez. 
 
 Passengers at frontier custom 
 houses, rights and duties of . .57, 58 
 
 Passengers, baggage of, how in- 
 spected 40 
 
 Passengers, baggage of, what 
 may consist in 42 
 
 Passengers, duties of upon arriv- 
 ing at the Republic 41 
 
 Passengers, household effects of, 
 how imported 44 
 
 Passengers, importation of pres- 
 ents brought by 42 
 
 Passengers, private papers of, 
 not subject to inspection 46 
 
 Passengers, treatment of by cus- 
 tom house officers 46 
 
 Passports, not necessary 215 
 
 Past due bill of exchange, rights 
 under 306 
 
 Pastes, alimentary, duties on. . . 78 
 
 Pastes, pastilles and jellies, 
 duties on 119 
 
 Patents, how obtained 204 
 
 Patents, law of 202 
 
 Patterns for slippers and gaiters, 
 duties on 130 
 
 Patzcuaro, legal directory of 412 
 
 Paving slabs, stone, duties on. . . 93 
 
 Paving stone, duties on 92 
 
 Payment of bill after protest, 
 when permitted 304 
 
 Payment of bill of exchange for 
 honor, rules as to 303 
 
 Payment of bills of exchange, 
 may be on copies, when 301 
 
 Payment of checks, how evi- 
 denced 310 
 
 Payment of bills of exchange, 
 rules as to 300 
 
 Pearls, duties on 70 
 
 Penalties for breaking seals of 
 custom house officials 25 
 
 Penalties for nonpresentation of 
 custom house documents. .. .22, 23 
 
 Pencil cases, duties on 125
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 537 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Pencils of all kinds, duties on.... 92 
 
 Penholders, duties on 132 
 
 Penitentiary system to be 
 adopted 217 
 
 Pepper, duties on 76 
 
 Pepsin, duties on . 119 
 
 Perfumery of all kinds, duties 
 on 132 
 
 Permanganate of potash, duties 
 on 119 
 
 Permit for exploration of mining 
 property, under what con- 
 ditions issued 142 
 
 Permit to carry on explorations 
 in mining property, how ob- 
 tained 143 
 
 Permits for importation, how 
 certified . ; 37 
 
 Permits for transportation of 
 dead bodies by rail, how is- 
 sued 323 
 
 Permits to colonists for the im- 
 portation of articles, when not 
 granted 272 
 
 Pernicious foreigner, may be ex- 
 pelled from the Republic ..... 247 
 
 Person accepting bill of exchange 
 for honor, obligations of 304 
 
 Person giving letter of credit, 
 rights and obligations of 311 
 
 Person paying bill of exchange 
 before maturity responsible . . . 300 
 
 Person under legal disability, 
 rights of with reference to 
 bills of exchange 300 
 
 Persons, law regarding their con- 
 dition and capacity, how ob- 
 ligatory 314 
 
 Persons sentenced to suffer pun- 
 ishment, domicile of 316 
 
 Persons who may be subject to 
 commercial law 274, 275 
 
 Peru, consuls in Mexico 365 
 
 Petition for inscription in regis- 
 ter of mining deputation, how 
 made 185 
 
 Petition for naturalization, when 
 and how presented 244 
 
 Petition for the dispatch of 
 goods imported by colonists, 
 when presented 271 
 
 Petition in cases of claims of 
 public lands 254 
 
 Pharmaceutical preparations, du-' 
 ties on 116 
 
 Phosphorus, duties on 119 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Photographers' plates, dry, du- 
 ties on 119 
 
 Piano actions, duties on 125 
 
 Pictures for schoolrooms, du- 
 ties on 123 
 
 Pile drivers, duties on 126 
 
 Pillows, duties on 130 
 
 Pisciculture, establishments for, 
 
 exempted from taxation 201 
 
 Placers of gold and platinum, 
 
 subject to Mining Code 137 
 
 Placers of precious metals, etc., 
 
 how measured 160 
 
 Plants, artificial, duties on 132 
 
 Plants, live, duties on 77 
 
 Plasters and plaster cloth, duties 
 
 on 119 
 
 Platinum articles, not specified, 
 
 duties on 129 
 
 Platinum, extracted in bullion 
 
 or dust, duties on 83 
 
 Plows and plowshares, duties on. 88 
 
 Plush silk, duties on 1)3 
 
 Poison for hides, duties on 120 
 
 Population of leading cities of 
 
 the Republic in 1890 393 
 
 Population of the Republic in 
 
 1890 392 
 
 Porcelain, articles of, duties on. 93 
 
 Port Angel, port charges at 347 
 
 Port charges in the Republic. ... 32d 
 Ports, sanitary regulations as 
 
 to 318 
 
 Portugal, consuls in Mexico. . . . 365 
 Portugal, diplomatic representa- 
 tive in Mexico 362 
 
 Portugal, diplomatic representa- 
 tives of Mexico in 360 
 
 Portugal, Mexican consuls in ... 375 
 Possession of a mine, how given. 152 
 Possession of public lands for 
 
 ten years, to what gives right. 252 
 Possession of public lands, when 
 
 given 255 
 
 Possessor of public lands, rights 
 
 of . 252 
 
 Postage from Mexico to the 
 
 United States 497 
 
 Postage from United States to 
 
 Mexico 499 
 
 Postage stamps, duties on 133 
 
 Postal convention with the 
 
 United States 227 
 
 Postal rates in Mexico 495 
 
 Postal receipts for invoices 32 
 
 Potassium, duties on 90
 
 538 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Power of attorney may be given 
 for act of naturalization 246 
 
 Power of attorney to draw bill of 
 exchange, how given 296 
 
 Power of attorney in mining mat- 
 ters, how executed 152 
 
 Precious metal weights, list of . . 356 
 
 Precious stones, duties on 91 
 
 Prescriptions of Code of Com- 
 merce, applicable to what. . . . 274 
 
 Presentation of bills of exchange, 
 rules as to 298 
 
 Presentation of bills of exchange, 
 when to be made 298 
 
 Presentation for payment of a 
 check, when to be made 309 
 
 President Diaz, synopsis of ad- 
 dress of 349 
 
 President in case of invasion, etc., 
 may suspend constitutional 
 guarantees . , 218 
 
 President of the Republic, elec- 
 tion of 213 
 
 President of Republic may enter 
 into contracts for sale of pub- 
 lic lands 254 
 
 Presses, printing or lithograph- 
 ing, duties on 126 
 
 Price list of public lands 259 
 
 Price list of public lands, to be 
 published every two years. . . . 251 
 
 Price of public lands, how to be 
 paid 251 
 
 Price of re-exchange, how deter- 
 mined.... 307 
 
 Principal railways of Mexico, 
 general information, etc 500 
 
 Private papers of passengers not 
 to be read by custom house 
 officers 46 
 
 Private property not to be taken 
 without consent of owner. . . 218 
 
 Proceedings as to two or more 
 denouncements of the same 
 mine 153 
 
 Proceedings for denouncement, 
 etc., of additions to mining 
 claims 161 
 
 Proceedings for the denounce- 
 ment of tunnels of exploration, 
 etc., of mines 169 
 
 Proceedings in cases of discov- 
 ery of a mine 152 
 
 Proceedings on suspension of 
 working of a mine, how carried 
 on 167 
 
 PAGE, 
 
 Proceedings in mining cases, 
 character of 178 
 
 Proceedings in mining matters 
 before Code took effect 182 
 
 Proceedings of denouncements of 
 mines, when suspended 154 
 
 Proceedings upon presentation of 
 petition for denouncement of a 
 mine 150 
 
 Production of gold and silver in 
 Mexico 395 
 
 Progreso, legal directory of 412 
 
 Progreso, mercantile directory of 470 
 
 Progreso, port charges at 335 
 
 Prohibitire laws, acts executed 
 against tenor of 314 
 
 Promissory notes and drafts 
 drawn to order, what to con- 
 tain 308 
 
 Promissory notes not drawn to 
 order, are not mercantile docu- 
 ments 308 
 
 Promissory notes, rules regarding 307 
 
 Promissory notes, when they 
 may not be indorsed 308 
 
 Proof necessary to inscribe min- 
 ers in register of mining depu- 
 tation 185 
 
 Property in the Republic, asses- 
 sable value of 394 
 
 Prospectus of corporations, what 
 to contain 285 
 
 Protection granted to citizens by 
 Mexican Government 243 
 
 Protection of a mine, when con- 
 sidered as given 146 
 
 Protection to a mine, when may 
 be granted a second time 148 
 
 Protection to a mine, when to be 
 granted 147 
 
 Protest as to election of mining 
 deputation, may be made 1 88 
 
 Protest cannot be renounced.... 303 
 
 Protest for nonacceptance of bill 
 of exchange, when made 303 
 
 Protest, legal effects of a 303 
 
 Protest of bill of exchange, how 
 notified 305 
 
 Protests of bills of exchange, 
 rules as to 302 
 
 Protest of bill of exchange, what 
 to contain 302 
 
 Protest of bill of exchange, 
 where and when effected 302 
 
 Protest of promissory notes, ef- 
 fect of... . 308
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 539 
 
 PAGE. 
 Provision of funds to pay bill of 
 
 exchange, how made 297 
 
 Proxies may be given by share- 
 holders of corporations 291 
 
 Public employes, where is their 
 
 domicile 316 
 
 Public lands adjoining others, 
 
 boundaries of 256 
 
 Public lands, classification of ... 258 
 Public lands for colonization 
 
 purposes, law as to 261 
 
 Public lands, law s of occupation 
 
 and sale of 251 
 
 Public lands, price list of 259 
 
 Public lands, what are 251 
 
 Public officers to take oath of 
 
 office 221 
 
 Public policy, laws affecting, 
 
 cannot be altered or avoided. . 314 
 Public works, see Department of 
 
 Public Works. 
 Publication of denouncements or 
 
 claims of public lands 255 
 
 Pnebla, legal directory of 412 
 
 Puebla, mercantile directory of 
 
 471-475 
 
 Pulp, wood, duties on 79 
 
 Pumps and turbines, duties on. . 125 
 
 Pumice-stone, duties on 91 
 
 Purchases of shares of corpora- 
 tion, void in certain cases . . . 288 
 Putty or mastic, to fix glasses, 
 
 duties on 133 
 
 Putty, tin, duties on 119 
 
 Quarantine of observation, what 
 
 is 319 
 
 Quarantines for cholera, rules as 
 
 to 320 
 
 Quarantines for yellow fever, 
 
 rules as to " 319, 3?0 
 
 Quarantines, land, when proper. 321 
 Quarantines, maritime, kinds of. 319 
 Quarantines, maritime, when 
 
 proper 319 
 
 Queretaro, legal directory of ... 412 
 Queretaro. mercantile directory of 475 
 
 Quicksilver, duties on 90 
 
 Quicksilver, exempt from import 
 
 duties and direct taxes 179 
 
 Rags in pieces, duties on 82 
 
 Bails, iron or steel, switches, 
 
 etc., duties on 89 
 
 Railway cars, duties on 126 
 
 Railway companies, to observe 
 
 certain rules for transportation 
 
 of dead bodies. . . . 324 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Railways in operation in Mexico 402 
 
 Railways of the Republic, gen- 
 aral information, etc 500 
 
 Ramie, crude or hackled, duties 
 on 76 
 
 Rates, postal, in Mexico 495 
 
 Razor straps, duties on 129 
 
 Real estate, what laws applicable 
 to 3J4 
 
 Record as to proceedings of de- 
 nouncement of mine?, how 
 made 154 
 
 Reduction in price of public 
 lands, when made 252 
 
 Reduction of ores in common, 
 partners when shall effect ... 175 
 
 Reduction works, subject to Min- 
 ing Code 138 
 
 Reduction works, what taxes to 
 be levied on 180 
 
 Reduction works, when consid- 
 ered abandoned 156 
 
 Re-exchanges, rules as to, with 
 regard to bills of exchange... . 306 
 
 Re-exchanges may not be accu- 
 mulated on the same bill 307 
 
 Register, mercantile, to be kept. 277 
 
 Register of miners of mining dep- 
 utation, book to be kept 185 
 
 Register of shares of corporations 
 to be kept 286 
 
 Register to be kept as to amount 
 of articles imported by colo- 
 nists 272 
 
 Registration of documents relat- 
 ing to foreign companies, how 
 made 77 
 
 Regulations for mining deputa- 
 tions 184 
 
 Regulations for the importation 
 of articles belonging to colo- 
 nists 268 
 
 Regulations for the transporta- 
 tion of human dead bodies by 
 railways 323 
 
 Religious institutions, how may 
 acquire real estate 222 
 
 Religious worship, intervention 
 of federal authorities in 221 
 
 Renouncement of consignment, 
 how effected 39 
 
 Renouncement of laws, when 
 not permitted 314 
 
 Reproducing apparatus may be 
 used for preparing custom 
 house documents . . 62
 
 540 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAOE. 
 
 Rescision of contract of sale of 
 mines, when not to be made. . 178 
 
 Reserve fund of corporations, 
 how set aside 292 
 
 Resins, duties on 78 
 
 Resolutions at general meetings 
 of corporations, how passed.. 291 
 
 Resolutions of mining compa- 
 nies, when valid 174 
 
 Responsibility of indorsers and 
 acceptors of bills of exchange. . 298 
 
 Restorers of ancient mineral dis- 
 tricts to be considered as dis- 
 coverers 146 
 
 Retroactive effect as to change 
 of nationality cannot exist. . 246 
 
 Retroactive laws cannot be en- 
 acted 216 
 
 Retroactive, no law may be. ... 313 
 
 Return bill, what is 306 
 
 Return bill, what is to accom- 
 pany a 306 
 
 Return of letter of credit, when 
 to be made 31 1 
 
 Revenue stamp tax, information 
 as to 511 
 
 Revision of baggage, how made. . 46 
 
 Ribbon, braid, etc., linen, etc., 
 duties on 104 
 
 Ribbon, braid, etc., wool, du- 
 ties on 109 
 
 Ribbons, braid, etc., cotton, du- 
 ties OQ 99 
 
 Ribbons, silk, with mixture of 
 cotton, etc., duties on 66 
 
 Rigging and cordage, duties on . 82 
 
 Right acquired by denouncer of 
 a mine, when it lapses 155 
 
 Right of petition is inviolable.. . 215 
 
 Right of way for operatives, etc., 
 of mines 140 
 
 Rights of action on bill of ex- 
 change protested for nonac- 
 ceptance, how exercised 305 
 
 Rights of man as prescribed in 
 the federal constitution 214 
 
 Rigorous quarantine, what is. . . 319 
 
 Roads to mines, how may be 
 used 140 
 
 Roots, duties on. 77 
 
 Rope pickings for paper manu- 
 facture, duties on 82 
 
 Rosario, legal direccory of 413 
 
 Rosario, mercantile directory of. 476 
 
 Royal Mail Steam Packet Com- 
 pany, information as to 509 
 
 PAGE. 
 Rubber cloth of all kinds, duties 
 
 on . 132 
 
 Rubber, erasing, duties on 131 
 
 Rubber in sheets, prepared, etc., 
 
 duties on 131 
 
 Ruffles, linen, duties on 104 
 
 Ruffles or flutings, wool, duties 
 
 on 109 
 
 Rules for working mines 163 
 
 Running gear for caniages, du- 
 ties on 128 
 
 Russia, diplomatic representa- 
 tives in Mexico 362 
 
 Russia, diplomatic representa- 
 tives of Mexico in 361 
 
 Russia, Mexican consuls in 375 
 
 Sacerdotal ornaments, silk, du- 
 ties on 115 
 
 Sacks, duties on 81 
 
 Saddles, duties on 71 
 
 Saddlecloths of woolen cloth or 
 
 felt, duties on 110 
 
 Saffron, duties on 77 
 
 Salamanca, legal directory of . . . 413 
 Salamanca, mercantile directory 
 
 of 477 
 
 Sale of public lands, law as to. . 251 
 Salina Cruz, port charges at. . . 345 
 
 Salt and salts, duties on 119 
 
 Salt deposits owned by federal 
 
 government, how regulated . 183 
 Saltpeter and nitrate of potash, 
 
 duties on 120 
 
 Salts existing on surface of soil, 
 
 who is owner of . . . 139 
 
 Saltillo, legal directory of 413 
 
 Saltillo, mercantile directory of. 477 
 Salvador, consuls in Mexico .... 
 
 Salvador, diplomatic representa- 
 
 365 
 
 tive in Mexico . 362 
 
 Salvatierra, legal directory of. . . 413 
 Salvatierra, mercantile directory 
 
 of 478 
 
 Samples, duties of captains of 
 
 vessels as to 24 
 
 Samples, invoices of packages 
 
 containing 30 
 
 Samples of merchandise for im- 
 portation, what are 40 
 
 Samples of merchandise, privi- 
 
 1 eges as to 40 
 
 .San Bias, legal directory of 413 
 
 San Bias, mercantile directory of 479 
 
 San Bias, port charges at 339 
 
 San Cristobal los Casas, legal 
 
 directory of 413
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 541 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 San Cristobal los Casas, mercan- 
 tile directory of 479 
 
 Sau Juan Bautista, legal direc- 
 tory of 413 
 
 San Juan Bautista, mercantile 
 directory of 479 
 
 San Juan de Guadalupe, mer- 
 cantile directory of 480 
 
 San Juan de Guadalupe, legal 
 directory of . . . 414 
 
 San Juan de los Lagos, mercan- 
 tile directory of 480 
 
 San Juan del Rio, mercantile 
 directory of . . 481 
 
 San Luis Potosi, legal directory 
 of 414 
 
 San Luis Potosi, mercantile direc- 
 tory of 481-483 
 
 Sand or emery paper or cloth, 
 duties on 93 
 
 Sandals, duties on 81 
 
 Sanitary code, provisions of. ... 318 
 
 Sanitary cordons, how estab- 
 lished 321 
 
 Sanitary service in frontier 
 towns, rules as to 321 
 
 Santa Rosalia, port charges at . . 346 
 
 Santo Domingo, consuls in Mex- 
 ico 369 
 
 Santo Domingo, diplomatic repre- 
 sentative in 361 
 
 Santo Domingo (Dominican Re- 
 public) Mexican consuls in. . . 370 
 
 Sausages, duties on 70 
 
 Sayula, mercantile directory of. 483 
 
 Schedule of fees in mining mat- 
 ters 184 
 
 Scientific experts, how registered 
 by mining deputations 191 
 
 Scientific instruments, what du- 
 ties to be paid on 64 
 
 Scientific or practical experts to 
 have management of certain 
 labors in mines 167 
 
 Seal of Mexican consuls, what it 
 should be 38 
 
 Sealing wax, duties on 131 
 
 Seals with blanks for certifica- 
 tion, may be used by con- 
 suls ."... 37 
 
 Seals of officials of custom house 
 must be preserved 25 
 
 Searching of passengers' person, 
 how and when effected 44 
 
 Secretary of mining deputation, 
 absence of, how filled 190 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Secretary of mining deputation, 
 fees of 193 
 
 Secretary of mining deputation, 
 qualifications and salary of ... 189 
 
 Secretary of mining deputation 
 to keep office open, when 190 
 
 Secretary of Public Works, will 
 decide as to complaints against 
 mining deputies 192 
 
 Secretary of Public Works to de- 
 mand reports as to complaints 
 against mining deputies 192 
 
 Seeds, duties on 76, 77 
 
 Senate, members of, how elected. 213 
 
 Senate, official directory of 386 
 
 Sepia, duties on 70 
 
 Shafts for the drainage of mines, 
 how considered 171 
 
 Shareholder of mining company, 
 proceeding against one to pay 
 assessment 175 
 
 Shareholder of mining company 
 may bring suit in certain cases 175 
 
 Shareholder of mining company, 
 when loses his shares 174 
 
 Shareholder personally liable in 
 case his name appears in de- 
 nomination of corporation . . . 283 
 
 Shareholder of mining company, 
 when to be reimbursed 175 
 
 Shareholders, amount due after 
 liquidation, when deposited. . . 293 
 
 Shareholders of mining com- 
 panies, how cited 174 
 
 Shares of corporations are indi- 
 visible 287 
 
 Shares of corporations, in whose 
 name to appear 287 
 
 Shares of corporations, what to 
 state 286 
 
 Shares of founders of corporation 
 when null 286 
 
 Shares in mining companies are 
 personal property 173 
 
 Shares in mining companies are 
 represented by certificates .... 173 
 
 Shavings, duties on 79 
 
 Shawls (rebozos), cotton of all 
 kinds, duties on 100 
 
 Shawls (rebozos), silk, duties on 
 112, 115 
 
 Shawls (rebozos), linen, duties on. 104 
 
 Shawls (rebozos), wool, duties on 110 
 
 Shippers of merchandise, when 
 may put several bundles, boxes, 
 etc., in one package 28
 
 542 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Shippers, obligations of 26 
 
 Shirts and undershirts, wool, du- 
 ties on 108 
 
 Shirts, cotton cloth, duties on. .. 133 
 
 Shirts, cotton, duties on 99 
 
 Shirt fronts, collars and cuffs, du- 
 ties on 104 
 
 Shirt fronts, collars, etc., cotton, 
 
 duties on ... 100 
 
 Shirts, linen, for men and boys, 
 
 duties on 103 
 
 Shoe pegs, duties on 80 
 
 Shoes, duties on 73, 74 
 
 Sieves, duties on . . . . 1 30 
 
 Silk clothes and articles with 
 mixture of cotton, etc., duties 
 
 on 66 
 
 Silk culture establishments, ex- 
 empted from taxation 201 
 
 Silk, manufactured articles of, 
 
 duties on Ill, 112 
 
 Silk mixed with other materials, 
 
 duties on 112 
 
 Silk, raw or unspun, duties on. . 71 
 Silk, spun goods of, duties on... Ill 
 Silk, woven fabrics, duties on. .. Ill 
 Silicates of soda or potash, duties 
 
 on 120 
 
 Silver articles not specified, du- 
 ties on 129 
 
 Silver, coinage of in the Republic. 
 
 396, 397 
 
 Silver extracted in bullion or 
 
 dust, duties on 83 
 
 Silver leaf for plating, duties on. 84 
 Silver, production of, in Mexico. 395 
 Sinaloa and Durango Railways, 
 
 extension in kilometers 403 
 
 Sinaloa and Durango Railroad, 
 
 general information, etc 507 
 
 Sites for reduction works may be 
 
 denounced 156 
 
 Sites for reduction works, when 
 
 denounced 140 
 
 Sizing for cloths, duties on 117 
 
 Skin and leather, articles of, du- 
 ties on 71, 72 
 
 Skins of animals, duties on 70 
 
 Slate slabs, pencils, etc., duties 
 
 on 93 
 
 Slavery not permitted in the Re- 
 public 214 
 
 Slippers, duties on 73 
 
 Smuggling by passengers, how 
 
 prevented 47 
 
 Soaps, duties on 131 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Soaps, medicinal, duties on 119 
 
 Soconusco, port charges at.. .. 345 
 Soda and potash, caustic, duties 
 
 on 120 
 
 Sodium, duties on 90 
 
 Solder of all kinds, duties on . . 86, 87 
 Soldiers not to demand quarters, 
 
 supplies, etc., in time of peace. 218 
 Sombrerete, legal directory of . .. 414 
 Sonora Railway, extension in 
 
 kilometers 403 
 
 Sonora Railway, general informa- 
 tion, etc 506 
 
 Southern Pacific Company (Mor- 
 gan line of steamers), informa- 
 tion as to 509 
 
 Spain, consuls in Mexico 366 
 
 Spain, diplomatic representative 
 
 in Mexico 362 
 
 Spain, diplomatic representatives 
 
 of Mexico in 360 
 
 Spain, Mexican consuls in 370 
 
 Spangles, thread or fall of com- 
 mon metal, duties on 85 
 
 Spanish, documents of captains 
 
 of vessels, must be in, when. . . 24 
 Spanish language, application of 
 as to books and papers of mer- 
 chants 278, 281 
 
 Spar, duties on 91 
 
 Special laws and special tribu- 
 nals not permitted in certain 
 
 cases 216 
 
 Spermaceti, duties on 69 
 
 Spirits of all kinds, duties on. . . 120 
 Spirituous beverages, duties on.. 120 
 
 Sponge, duties on 71 
 
 Square measure, table of 354 
 
 Stage coaches, duties on .... 127, 128 
 
 Stamp tax, revenue 511 
 
 Starch, duties on 79 
 
 State administrations, directory 
 
 of 390 
 
 States to pass law as to taxation 
 
 on mines 183 
 
 States, what powers are reserved 
 
 to 221 
 
 Statistical data as to mines; who 
 
 is to furnish 1 82 
 
 Statistical information 392 
 
 Statues, duties on 131 
 
 Steam engines and their parts, 
 
 duties on 125 
 
 Steamship lines, principal, infor- 
 mation as to 508 
 
 Stearine, duties on 71
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 543 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Steel, articles of, duties on. . . .88, 89 
 Steel in bars and rods, duties on 87 
 
 Stones and earths, duties on 90 
 
 Straw or cane, articles, duties 
 
 on 81 
 
 Stub books for checks, by whom 
 
 delivered 309 
 
 Stucco, articles of, duties on. ... 92 
 Subrogation to rights of holder 
 of bill of exchange, by party 
 
 paying for honor 304 
 
 Subscriptions of shares of corpo- 
 rations, how to be collected . . 284 
 Subterranean workings in mine, 
 
 when to be continued 162 
 
 Sugar, duties on 78 
 
 Sugar, medicinal and aromatic, 
 
 duties on 117 
 
 Sugar of milk, duties on 117 
 
 Sulphates and sulphites, duties 
 
 on 120 
 
 Sulphur, duties on 91 
 
 Superintendents of mines must 
 give notice of deaths or acci- 
 dents 167 
 
 Supreme court of justice of the 
 
 Republic 389 
 
 Supreme court of justice, power 
 
 vested-in 214 
 
 Survey and plat of public lands, 
 to be made when lands are 
 
 claimed 254 
 
 Survey of public lands for colo- 
 nization purposes, how made. 265 
 Suspenders, cotton, duties on... 99 
 Suspenders, linen or hemp, du- 
 ties on 104 
 
 Suspenders, wool of all kinds, 
 
 duties on 109 
 
 Suspension of drainage of a mine, 
 
 effect of 149 
 
 Suspension of proceedings as to 
 delivery of possession of pub- 
 lic lands 255 
 
 Suspension of work in mine, 
 
 when not permitted 148 
 
 Sweden and Norway/ consuls in 
 
 Mexico 365 
 
 Sweden and Norway, Mexican 
 
 consuls in 375 
 
 Sweetmeats, duties on 78 
 
 Switches (chignons), silk, duties 
 
 on 115 
 
 Switzerland, consuls in Mexico. . 369 
 Switzerland, Mexican consuls in 375 
 Table of money values 63 
 
 PAGE. 
 Tablets or pastilles of alkaloids, 
 
 duties on 120 
 
 Talc, duties on 91 
 
 Tampico, legal directory of 414 
 
 Tampico, mercantile directory of 484 
 
 Tampico, port charges at 337 
 
 Tannin, duties on 79 
 
 Tapers, duties on 75 
 
 Tar, Norwegian, duties on 79 
 
 Tariff, additions to 133 
 
 Tariff of importation duties, gen- 
 eral rules for application of. . . 64 
 Tariff of importation duties, list 
 
 of articles and rates 68 
 
 Tartar, crude, duties on 120 
 
 Tassels, cotton, duties on 98 
 
 Tassels, linen, hemp, etc., duties 
 
 on 103 
 
 Tassels, silk, duties on 1 14 
 
 Tassels, wool, duties on 108 
 
 Tax, direct on mines, how levied 180 
 Tax to be paid on account of ad- 
 judication of public lands. .... 256 
 Taxes on mines, regulation of. . . 198 
 
 Taxes upon mining 179, 198 
 
 Tea, duties on 77 
 
 Teasels, duties on 77 
 
 Teeth, artificial, duties on 130 
 
 Tehuacan, legal directory of. ... 414 
 Tehuacan, mercantile directory of 484 
 Telegraph lines, information as 
 
 to 510 
 
 Telegraph poles, pins, etc., du- 
 ties on 80 
 
 Telegraph posts, iron crosspieces, 
 
 duties on 89 
 
 Telephone poles, pins, etc., du- 
 ties on 80 
 
 Telephone posts, iron crosspieces, 
 
 duties on 89 
 
 Temporary secretary of mining 
 
 deputations, when appointed. 196 
 Tents, army, all kinds, duties on 132 
 
 Tepic, legal directory of 414 
 
 Tepic, mercantile directory of, . . 485 
 Thread, cotton, of all kinds, du- 
 ties on , 96 
 
 Thread, hemp, duties on 101 
 
 Thread, linen, duties on 101 
 
 Thread or worsted, wool, duties 
 
 on 106 
 
 Tickets, printed or engraved or 
 
 lithographed, duties on 122 
 
 Ties, railroad, duties on 80 
 
 Tiles and pipes for drainage, du- 
 ties on 93
 
 544 
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Time table, condensed of princi- 
 pal railway a 500 
 
 Tin, articles of, duties on 87 
 
 Tin in bars, ore, etc., duties on. . 86 
 Title to mining property, what 
 
 constitutes the 139 
 
 Titles of nobility not recognized. 216 
 Tlacotalpam, mercantile ' direc- 
 tory of 485 
 
 Tlaxcala, legal directory of 415 
 
 TIaxcala, mercantile directory 
 
 of 486 
 
 To order, words understood to be 
 
 contained in bills of exchange. 295 
 Tobacco, chewing, fine cut, du- 
 
 tif>s on 82 
 
 Tobacco, duties on . . . .* 77 
 
 Todos Santos port charges at. . . 345 
 
 Toluca, legal directory of 415 
 
 Toluca, mercantile directory of. . 483 
 
 Tonala, port charges at 347 
 
 Tonnage dues of vessels 19 
 
 Tools of all kinds and materials, 
 
 duties on 125 
 
 Toys, duties on 125 
 
 Trade, coasting, provisions as to. 48 
 
 Trade-mark law 210 
 
 Trade-mark, how transferred. ... 211 
 
 Trade-mark, how secured 211 
 
 Traffic through frontier custom 
 
 houses, how regulated 50 
 
 Transit duties on merchandise, 
 from one State to another, not 
 
 allowed . 222 
 
 Transitory companies, subject to 
 
 what formalities 283 
 
 Transit of foreign merchandise, 
 
 how regulated 49, 50 
 
 Transitory provisions of mining 
 
 code 182 
 
 Transportation companies, du- 
 ties of as to baggage 45 
 
 Transportation of foreign mer- 
 chandise through frontier cus- 
 tom houses 52 
 
 Transportation of dead bodies in 
 
 railways, regulations for the. . 323 
 Transverse sides of a mining 
 
 claim, how measured 159 
 
 Treasury department may dimin- 
 ish or release certain penalties. 62 
 Treasury department may grant 
 permit to a foreign vessel for 
 
 coasting trade 49 
 
 Treasury department may order 
 exemption of duties 17 
 
 PAGE. 
 Treasury department, when may 
 
 issue permit to surveyors, etc. 54 
 Treasury of the federation, 
 
 official directory of 379 
 
 Treaty of extradition with the 
 
 United States 223 
 
 Trials, two for same offense, pro- 
 hibited 218 
 
 Type, duties on 126 
 
 Tubing, rubber, duties on 130 
 
 Tunnels in mines, how working 
 
 therein is regulated 171 
 
 Tunnels in mines, payment for 
 
 same, how made 171 
 
 Turpentine, duties on 79 
 
 Tuxpan, port charges at 327 
 
 Umbrellas, parasols, etc., cot- 
 ton, duties on 100 
 
 Umbrellas, parasols and sun- 
 shades, linen, duties on 104 
 
 Umbrellas, parasols and sun- 
 shades of silk, duties on .11], 115 
 Umbrellas, parasols and sun- 
 shades, wool, duties on 110 
 
 United States, consuls in Mexieo 367 
 United States, diplomatic repre- 
 sentative in Mexico. 362 
 
 United States, diplomatic repre- 
 sentatives of Mexico in 359 
 
 United States, Mexican consuls in 371 
 United States, treaties with, see 
 
 Treaties, etc. 
 
 Uruguay, Mexican consul in .... 375 
 Vacancies in boards of directors 
 
 of corporations, how filled 288 
 
 Vacancies in mining deputations, 
 
 how filled 189 
 
 Vacant ground between mining 
 
 claims, how denounced 157 
 
 Vaccine, duties on 71 
 
 Values, table of money 63 
 
 Vanilla, duties on 77 
 
 Vaseline, duties on 92 
 
 Varnishes, duties on 117 
 
 Vegetables, duties on 76 
 
 Vegetable fibers, duties on 76 
 
 Vegetable substances, duties on. 75 
 
 Vehicles, duties on 126 
 
 Velocipedes, duties on 128 
 
 Velvet silk, duties on 113 
 
 Venezuela, consuls in Mexico . . . 369 
 Venezuela, diplomatic representa- 
 tive in Mexico 362 
 
 Venezuela, Mexican consuls in . . 373 
 Ventilation to mines, this serv- 
 ice not to be paid for 171
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 545 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Vera Cruz, 1- gal directory of 415 
 
 Vera Cruz, mercantile directory 
 of 487 
 
 Vera Cruz, port charges at 326 
 
 Vessels arriving at Mexican 
 ports, to be visited and ex- 
 amined 318 
 
 Vessels bringing mineral coal, 
 tonnage dues of J 9 
 
 Vessels, consigned to order. . 21 
 
 Vessels from foreign countries, 
 duties paid by 18 
 
 Vessels from foreign countries, 
 rules to which they are sub- 
 ject 18 
 
 Vessels io ballast, dispatch of. . . 18 
 
 Vessels, masts and spars for, 
 duties on 80 
 
 Vessels, national or foreign, 
 must pay pilotage dues ... 18 
 
 Vessels, national and foreign, to 
 pay lighthouse dues 18 
 
 Vessels, subject to vigilance, in- 
 spection and visits 20 
 
 Vessels to Mexico, dispatch of . . 18 
 
 Vessels, to pay tonnage dues. . 19 
 
 Vessels, when considered in bal- 
 last 20 
 
 Vests and jackets, wool, duties 
 on 10V) 
 
 Veterinary medicine, section of 
 to be established, when 322 
 
 Veterinary surgeon for inspection 
 of cattle and fresh meat, im- 
 ported, appointment of 39 
 
 Veterinary surgeon to examine 
 cattle in certain cases 322 
 
 Villa Lerdo, legal directory of. 415 
 
 Villa Lerdo, mercantile directory 
 of 488 
 
 Visit to vessels by board of 
 health, when made 320 
 
 Wafers for letters, duties on .... 132 
 
 Wagons, duties on 1 26 
 
 Wall paper, duties on 122 
 
 War and navy, see Department 
 of War and Navy. 
 
 Ward line of steamers, informa- 
 tion as to 508 
 
 Waste heaps and dumps of aban- 
 doned mines are not denounc- 
 able 157 
 
 Watches of all kinds, duties 
 on 126 
 
 Waters extracted from mines 
 subject to mining code 138 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Waters from underground work- 
 ing of mines, to whom belong.. 140 
 
 Wax, duties on 71 
 
 Wax, vegetable, duties on 79 
 
 Wheat, duties on 77 
 
 Wheelbarrows, duties on 126 
 
 Wheels, separate, duties on 128 
 
 Whips of all kinds, duties on. . . 131 
 Weight, gross, see Gross Weight. 
 Weight, legal, see Legal Weight. 
 Weight, net, see Net Weight. 
 
 Weight of coins 356 
 
 Weights and measures, tables of 353 
 Weights of packages, how desig- 
 nated in invoices 29 
 
 Weights of packages, how stated 
 
 in certain cases 30 
 
 Wells, Fargo & Co.'s P^xpress, 
 
 list of agents .... 491 
 
 Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express, 
 local tariff from City of Mex- 
 ico 493 
 
 Wick ing, cotton, duties on 97 
 
 Wicks, duties on 82 
 
 Wife and children of person in 
 
 prison, domicile of 317 
 
 Wills executed abroad by a for- 
 eigner, how regulated 315 
 
 Wills executed abroad, how 
 rights and obligations arising 
 
 from are regulated 314 
 
 Window shades, duties on 130 
 
 Wine-growingestablishments. ex- 
 empted from taxation 201 
 
 Wine, red or white, duties on. . . 121 
 Wines, medicinal, duties on. ... 120 
 Wire cloth, iron, all kinds, du- 
 ties on 90 
 
 Wire, copper or brass, duties on 
 
 84, 85 
 
 Wire, iron or steel, duties on.. 87, 88 
 
 Wine measure, equivalent 355 
 
 Wood pulp, duties on 79 
 
 Wooden articles, duties on .... 8U 
 
 Woods, duties on 79, 80 
 
 Wool, carded, duties on 69 
 
 Wool, manufactured articles of, 
 
 duties on 107 
 
 Wool, spun goods, duties on .... 106 
 Wool, woven fabrics of, duties 
 
 on 106 
 
 Work in mines not to be sus- 
 pended 178 
 
 Work on mine, when to be com- 
 menced after protection is 
 granted 148
 
 546 
 
 GENERAL INDBX. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Works of art, duties on 131 
 
 Working and developing mine^, 
 authority for .... 1 38 
 
 Workings carried into other min- 
 ing claims, when permitted ... 162 
 
 Working mines, manner of, in 
 conformity with the Code 163 
 
 Working of adventurer tunnels 
 in mines, how effected 169 
 
 Wrappings or casings, not ordi- 
 nary, duties on 66 
 
 Wrappings or casings, ordinary, 
 what are 65 
 
 Writing books, duties on 123 
 
 Yarn, duties on 10 1 , 
 
 Yarn, cotton, duties on 96 
 
 Yarn, wool, duties on 106 
 
 Yeast of all kinds, duties on. ... 119 
 Yucatan railways, extension in 
 
 kilometers 402 
 
 Zacatecas, legal directory of. ... 415 
 Zacatecaa, mercantile directory 
 
 of 489 
 
 Zamora, legal directory of 415 
 
 Zarapes of silk, mixed with cot- 
 ton, wool, etc., duties on 116 
 
 Zarapes of wool of any kind, 
 
 duties on Ill 
 
 Zinc, articles of, duties on 87 
 
 Zone, free, see Free Zone.
 
 A 000 871 329 9 
 
 Hex 
 
 51 
 
 copy 1 
 
 Coney 
 
 Leyal and mercantile handbook of 
 Mexico