A STAR ATLAS
FOE STUDENTS AND OBSERVERS
SHOWING
6000 STARS AND 1500 DOUBLE STARS, NEBULA &c.
IN TWELVE MAPS ON THE EQUIDISTANT PROJECTION:
WITH
INDEX IAPS ON THE STEUEO&EAPHIC PROJECTION,
BY
RICHARD A. PROCTOR,
AU1HO3 OF 4 THB GNOMOMC STAB ATLAS,' ' SATUEN AND ITS SYSTEM,' 'THE BUN,' 'THE MOON,'
OTHEB WORLDS THAK OUIS,' E1C.
SEVENTH EDITION,
REVISED AND CORRECTED BY
T. E. ESHN.
LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.
LONDON, NEW YORK, AND BOMBAY.
1896.
771
ITU
Alron. Oept.
PREFACE TO THE SEVENTH EDITION.
TN the present edition (1) the double stars down to magnitude seven, (2) all the variable and red
stars in 'Celestial Objects for the Common Telescope,' (3) various objects of interest that have
been subsequently discovered, have been inserted. The lines indicated in the Nineteenth Edition of
the smaller Atlas have been followed. The Boundaries of Constellations used by Webb and Proctor
are different, and, consequently, stars entered in Webb under one constellation will be found
frequently within the boundaries of another in Proctor. The confusion is particularly troublesome
in Map No. 1. In other maps alterations have been made either to bring two maps into harmony, or
to include in their proper constellation variable stars. In some cases stars marked red have ' Va '
placed under ' Eu,' which means that there is reason to believe them variable, and they need watch-
ing. A variable star announced, and to which no letter is assigned, is marked 'Va.' Struve's
numbers have been generally substituted for those of Piazzi in the New Edition, a line under Struve's
number indicates that it was marked with Piazzi's hour and number in the previous editions.
T. E. ESPIN.
Tow LAW, R.S.O., Co. Durham :
June 19, 1896.
3
INTRODUCTION TO THE FOURTH EDITION,
THEEE editions of this Atlas having been sold in about the time during which I had thought it
likely that the first would be disposed of, it appears more persons find the atlas useful than I
had expected. I have therefore thought it desirable to publish a cheaper edition of the work. I
must point out that tli-jre has not been, in this case, the reason for cheapening which commonly
holds with atlases. Twenty or thirty years after the date for which an atlas is constructed, the
effects of precession throw the stars appreciably out of place, and though such precession arrows as
I have drawn in these maps enable the observer to make ready correction, it is more convenient to
use an atlas constructed nearer to date. But as yet the date (1880) for which this atlas is con-
structed has not even been reached. The atlas is more nearly correct in this respect than when it
was first published, and will continue to be so until the year 1890. It will not be as far from
exactness (on account of precession) as the S.D.U.K. maps and Harding's Atlas now are until the
year 1927.
The gnomonic maps formerly used as index-plates have been replaced by a single sheet, showing
the arrangement of the northern and southern maps at one view. As an index-plate this is more
convenient than the former. The gnomomc. maps, which show the constellation figures (coloured),
and tlxe lines of longitude and latitude to every five degrees, form, in fact, an atlas by themselves.
They can now be procured of the Publishers of the present atlas, either separately (2s. Qd. each), or
with a letterpress explanation, and duplicates on a black ground (7s. 6d.). For certain purposes, and
especially for the interpretation of old accounts of the constellations (when, owing to precession,
these were very differently situated than at present), the gnomonic atlas is useful; but since many who
use this atlas will have little occasion for the gnomonic maps, it seemed to me their omission would
be a suitable way of reducing the cost of the present edition. The letterpress has also been con-
siderably reduced : in other respects the contents of the atlas have been improved. Many corrections
and additions have been made in this edition ; inter alia, sixty or seventy stars not marked as double
or triple in the earlier editions, and for the most part not known to be so, have been marked as such,
a correction for which I have to thank Mr. S. W. Burnham of Chicago. The new names, devised to
reduce as far as possible the writing on the maps, have been replaced by the old names, the only
remaining changes being the following: For Ursa Major I write Ursa; for Canis Major, Canis;
for Corona Borealis, Corona ; for Triangulum Boreale, Triangula ; for Piscis Australis, Piscis ; for
Vulpecula, Vulpes ; for Equuleus, Equus ; and for Delphinus, Delphin. All corrections have been
made by myself in the original drawings, which have been photo-lithographed afresh. '
The arrangement of the maps, and the methods iised in projecting them, need not be specially
described here. Let it simply be noted that the sphere being supposed to be divided into twelve
equal spherical pentagons, two of them polar, the twelve maps here given are equidistant projections
of the twelve overlapping spherical spaces enclosed by circles circumscribing these pentagons,
the maximum distortion at the border amounts only to an extension in length of one-fourteenth
part in a direction perpendicular to the radius. This is scarcely appreciable.
The stars are taken from the B.A. Catalogue, and include all down to the sixth magnitude
inclusive. The magnitudes of that Catalogue are followed, except in the case of stars whose light
298633
4 INTEODUCTION.
was measured by Sir J. Herschel ; these have been shown according to his measurement. Bayer's
Greek letters have been given by preference ; next Flamsteed's letters ; and italic and roman letters
pro re natd.
Besides the stars of the B.A.C., forming the groundwork of the atlas, it shows :
1. All the nebulae down to the order ' Very bright ' (inclusive) in Sir J. Herschel's
Catalogue, and all Messier's.
2. All binaries in Mr. Brother's Catalogue.
3. All the objects in the Bedford Catalogue.
4. All Schjellerup's red stars (293 in all).
5. All variables in a list of 136, kindly drawn up for me by Mr. Baxendell, of Manchester.
6. All stars described as double or triple in Sir J. Herschel's Cape Observations are so
marked here, as also those in Mr. Burnham's list above mentioned.
All ' objects ' have been named where possible ; the stars preferably (failing Greek letter or
Flamsteed's number) with Piazzi's horal numbers ; nebulas preferably with Messier's numbers.
The constellations are those recommended in the Introduction to the B.A. Catalogue. The
boundaries are made as simple as possible : they inu*t be understood as meaning no more than this; that
in the case of every star bearing a Greek letter or Flamsteed's number, the letter or number relates to that
constellation within whose boundary the star is set. The authors of the B.A. Catalogue are responsible
for so changing the boundaries that in some cases Greek letters and Flamsteed's numbers have
had to be given up. I agree with them entirely, however. It seems to me that it would be
absurd for astronomers to allow themselves to be hampered by constellation boundaries, or to be
required to treat these as the geographer treats the boundaries of oceans and continents. Therefore,
in laying down the boundaries I have paid no attention to any considerations except those italicised
above. In ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, the stars dealt with by astronomers are no longer
referred to constellations ; and if the constellation boundaries and names were as entirely removed
from celestial atlases as the constellation figures have been, very little inconvenience would follow.
Means would have to be provided for identifying the few thousand stars now referred to constellations,
in the same way that means have been found for identifying tens of thousands not so referred. After
that had once been done, astronomy as an exact science would, in my opinion, gain greatly by the
removal of the constellations ; though I must admit that so far as popular astronomy is concerned,
I should be sorry to see the foolish old figures removed.
BICHAED A. PEOCTOE.
STAR MAGNITUDES.
fr O . FIRST.
O O THIRD.
O =.- FIFT//
. SIXTH.
SKl'K.VTH
R A DBrtr.TnB
ff-
AH mni <!),
AB BRE VIATION S
RorRu RexT, Tr 7>wrrv
VorVa VfjrtaMs *' 21 ftazzi
OorOu J)i/uMr 1
T 2>ff>f>- A
Qa ~ yit,it//ii/>ts y
Qi yiiinr/ifj/r h Sir-/ f/r
B Hinar?
B' Susper&tf flwfn
M //sr </ i/^ry Mnffif,/f
M ftoanrMaJ tfrxxtfr
M .V. 10.
2.
M
y .. \
1
*i*
f/ffi
V.'xP
>'*,'
C 4*:-.
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J^O
ao
^
Dor-, r T n R
TTie eJfrt'H>f, i/u/K-ri/r
srxsit'niif mt'tii'
for WC ftnrx.
ABB R K VIATJON S.
Ror Ru Kerf Tr Ternary
VorVa I'dJ-iaJrlf *' 21 ftazzi
DorDu J)f>u*>lf 3> - Srteve
T - J)yt>ff A 2)unle>f>
Qi quintuplr h
B
B'. Su.sperfes/ jtuiarv
M /? ^>Vriry Multifile
M /fria nrfai/a./ Jfrx.ii,-r
1(1. V. 10.
HANHART
M A IP 1
e&&bJl4& 3
S T .A R M A G N I T U D K S
'.: NEBULA.
''asul under;
ass,
urrvws
jtrecrssiatHtl nuili
fhr ltt<> fetus,
ABBREVIATIONS.
Ror Ru Reel Tr Ternary
VorVa ItviaMe ?! - 21 Tfczrzz
DorDu - JDmi< I Stnire
T 7>^ A - flunlop
Qa qiuuimple $ SirWffrrscfif/
Q l Qiantuptr h Sir.f.ffrrseft't
B
B' - X
M ^ .SV5ay/
M ftnantfaJa.; Jff.i.iiff
.; I[I.V. 10.
HANHART
STAR MAGNITUDES.
_ FIRST.
SECOND.
THIRD.
>: NEBULA.
. wrcivs tsu/it<i/r fStt
rrcfssifnaJ rrni/is>/i
ft>r !(>/> tears
ABB RE VI AT IONS.
RorRu Red,
VorVa
DorDu --- J)auMe
T
Tr - Ternary
2 J - 21 fterzzi
I
Triple, A
Qa - Quadruple \$
Qi - Qtfintuf' ff h
B
B ? S
M
M ffo a nritla,j Jtfssief
H V 10.
HANH ART
STAR MAGNITUDES.
o
e
:: NEBULA.
FI&ST.
FOURTH.
fffTff.
S-fXTff.
MA
t* arrvws
nrece-ssion
for IOC Mar*
ABBREVIATIONS.
DorDu
T
' 150 ^ '
3
A
Ak%l
^7
M f to a. Star;
M ft*n*M-J
. 10.
40
H ANHART
:: NEBULA
ITie arri'ws irutii.-atr the
swnaJ. motion
feats.
A B B K E VI _AT IONS
21
RorRu 7?^ Tr
VorV.-i
DorDu -
T - 7>^/ A
Qa, quwtruple H Si
Qi yuintiifjtf h Sir./.fferscttel-
B Jtwrtri'
B'. Su.i/fnfft/ /I atari'
M //> .S'*r^/ Afulfifi/f
M 'tnanetufa./ Me**"'/'
i]i.V. 10.
>: NEBULA
40 20
ITut arrows uu&cate liie
n
tears.
AB BRJE VIAT1ON S.
Ror Ru Red Tr - Irinary
YorVa PizTraMe- *J 21 ftazzi
OorDu DtiuMt
T - Triple-
Qa,
Qi
B
y Sir-tt'ffrtscflff,
Qurnfuplf h Str./.ffrr\,-/ir/
Jit nary
B ;
M '* , >
M
Multifile.
HANHART Vlulrhtjl
MAF
77i.e arrenrs indicate t/ie
precesswnal mcluin,
fkr IOf> fears
ABBREVIATION S
Ror Ru -- Red, Tr 7>tnaj;v
YorVa - VariaMf I 1 = 21 fiazzi
DorDu JJouMc 2 S&we
T Triple- A flunlep
Qa, - quadrupfe. \}
Qi iOTitulc h fiir-fffrmebet
M /Kr>a neAula./ ^ Mfxsiff
-.V. 10.
H A N H < -'A
S TAR MAGNITUD E S .
Q to Q _ FIRST.
O to O SECOWD
Oto O
O
= F/FTff.
SIXTH
ivrctfs {su&caJz tfie
J. mst
Kars.
Vuspecersl. Jiinary
a, Sear/ ^~ Jfulfifle
fifiwfa./ Jfrsxier
H.V. 10.
STAR MAGNITUDES
^S to {R
O O
o o
o
_ FIRST.
_ SECOND
_ THIRD.
FOURTH
_ FIFTH
= S-IXTH
ITtf arrows uu&cate. tfie
processional nwtion
forlOOKars.
ABBREVIATIONS.
,
Qi Qiana^ptf, h - Sir-ffferscM
B Einsery
B'. SuspeMrjf JiirtMry
M /* * .i'Aw"/ MulOpte
M ftoanetula,/ Jlrssur
toa.nxtub- .V. 10
HANHART Photo Iff
STAR MAGNITUDES.
_ FIRST.
_ SECOND.
_ THIRD.
_= FOURTH.
_= FIFTH.
. SIXTH.
'"Q
o
O O
o
e
:: IfEBULA.
M
JTie arrows uuA^aff Ifie
su>nal mvticn.
for 100 Kars.
\5
Tr - Tt-mary
Z J - 21
J)ouMf 1 - Struve
7>y>&- A Dunlop
Quadruple ^ SirWfftrsrfift
Qumfupte h fi
I[I.V. 10.
HAN HART Pht'tri MM.
STAR MAGNITUDES.
A _ FIRST.
to _ SECOND.
O O -= TJfZJRS.
O FOURTH.
O . FIFTH.
:: KEBULA.
SEVESfTH.
40 XX
* -
tjrri'ir* tJtt/ifaJ* t/tr
.tif naJ rm'tivtt
/r>r Wfl
ABBKK VIATION S.
Ror Ru - A?rf Tr - Trmaty
VorVa VarraMe- 5
DorDu - 2><wA5' 2
T - J>y>lf A
Qa, - Quatfruplf H SirH'SrrstftrS
Qi Quintuplr h
B Binary
B ; y
\K ftoa. StarJ
M ftnanehilaj M'fSi'r
W V. 10.
HANHART Phftf llfb
NORTHERN
INDEX MAP
1880
On the Ste
Projection,
Shewing ail the space, covered
Jy the, six Northern, maps ,
and, those parts of the
Southern, maps which li*>
North of 12 "South Dec*
London,, Lonamans Jc C
On. t}us globe. tJie
aretes I, ?. -t.fi. 8. and, 1O
are eyuui to car.h. otiuer.
and, a.lfO to those circles ft) which
the, overlaps, 3.5,7.9 and 11 belong
Th& dates round the
map are- those on* t^hioh
the corresponding meridians
come to the South fin, Northern,
latitudes) at midnight,
H A fractor. M r
E WeUcr.Litho
SOUTHERN
INDEX MAP
1880
B. the, space' covered
by the. six SoutJiarn, maps,
And, those parts of the
Northern, maps which- lie<
London,, Longmans & C?
On foe, globe the
circles 12.3,6, 7, 9 and U
are equal to eo^ch other,
and. also to those circles to which
the over Laps 2.4,6,8. andw belong
The dates round th>
map are those on. WnW
thf- corresponding mftidinns
cam& to the South (inNorthrrn
R A Proctor .
K Wetter. Litho
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