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 1892 
 
 MAIN 
 
Royal Descent 
 
 
 By ARTHUR MARWOOD WILCOX, MA 
 and JOHN HENRY METCALFE 
 
irv 
 
ROYAL DESCENT 
 
* # * Two hundred and fifty copies have been printed of this Edition. 
 No. ///. 
 
Royal Descent 
 
 BY 
 
 ARTHUR MARWOOD WILCOX, M.A. 
 
 AND 
 
 JOHN HENRY METCALFE 
 
 Regum progenies duplex 
 
 PRINTED FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION BY 
 
 C. WHITTINGHAM fcf CO., CHISWICK PRESS, 
 
 21, TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON 
 
 1892 
 
 {All right 5 reserved) 
 

 TO 
 THE MOST NOBLE 
 
 HUGH LUPUS GROSVENOR, 
 
 DUKE AND MARQUESS OF WESTMINSTER, EARL GROSVENOR, 
 
 VISCOUNT BELGRAVE, BARON GROSVENOR, 
 
 AND A BARONET, 
 
 KNIGHT OF THE MOST NOBLE ORDER OF THE GARTER, 
 
 THIS VOLUME IS RESPECTFULLY 
 
 INSCRIBED. 
 
 288 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The Genealogical investigations which are here given were 
 originally made some twelve years ago : they have now been 
 corrected up to date, with much care, though it is wellnigh 
 impossible to attain perfect accuracy in such matters. The 
 authorities chiefly relied upon were Collins and Burke. 
 
 The question, on page 2, whether the line separating 
 Royalty from Nobility is to be drawn between the grandsons 
 and the great-grandsons of the Sovereign, has recently been 
 answered in the affirmative; for it was decided that the 
 Queen's great-granddaughter, Lady Alexandra Duff, had no 
 rank by reason of her Royal Descent, but only such as is 
 enjoyed by the daughters of Dukes in general. 
 
 / 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 His Grace the Duke of Norfolk, K.G., Earl Marshal, Arundel Castle, Sussex. 
 
 2 copies. 
 His Grace the Duke of Westminster, K.G., P.C., Eaton, Chester. 
 His Grace the Duke of Leeds, Hornby Castle, Bedale. 
 His Grace the Duke of Wellington, Apsley House, Hyde Park, London. 
 The Most Hon. the Marquess of Bute, K.T., Mount Stuart, Rothesay, 
 
 Isle of Bute. 
 The Most Hon. the Marquess of Ripon, K.G., P.C., G.C.S.I., C.I.E., 
 
 Studley Royal, Ripon. 
 The Most Hon. the Marquess of Abergavenny, K.G., Eridge Castle, Kent. 
 The Most Hon. the Marquess of Lothian, K.T., Monteviot, Jedburgh, 
 
 Scotland. 
 The Most Hon. The Marquess of Exeter, Burghley House, Stamford, 
 
 Northamptonshire. 
 The Most Hon. the Marquess of Ailsa, Culzean Castle, May bole, Scotland. 
 The Most Hon. the Marquess of Tweeddale, Tester House, Haddington, 
 
 Scotland. 
 The Right Hon. the Countess Grosvenor, 35, Park Lane, London, W. 
 The Right Hon. the Earl of Scarbrough, Sandbeck Park, Rotherham, Yorkshire. 
 The Right Hon. the Countess of Scarbrough, Lumley Castle, Chester-le-Street. 
 The Right Hon. the Earl of Warwick, Warwick Castle. 
 The Right Hon. the Earl of Sandwich, Hinchingbrooke, Huntingdon. 
 The Right Hon. the Earl of Belmore, G.C.M.G., Lord-Lieut, co. Tyrone, 
 
 P.C. (Ireland - ), Castle Coole, Enniskillen. 
 The Right Hon. the Earl of Winchilsea, Haverholme Priory, Sleaford. 
 The Right Hon. the Earl of Aylesford, Packington Hall, Coventry. 
 The Right Hon. the Earl of Powis, Powis Castle, Welshpool. 
 The Right Hon. the Earl of Ashburnham, Ashburnham Place, Battle, Sussex. 
 The Right Hon. the Earl of Chichester, Stanmer, Lewes, Sussex. 
 The Right Hon. the Earl of Durham, Lambton Castle, Fence House, Durham. 
 
The Right Hon. the Earl of Cromartie, Travellers Club, Pall Mall, London. 
 
 The Right Hon. the Earl of Malmesbury, Heron Court, Christchurch, Hants. 
 
 The Right Hon. the Viscountess Halifax, Hickleton, Doncaster. 
 
 The Right Hon. the Viscountess Newport, Castle Bromwich. 
 
 The Right Hon. Lord Bolton, Bolton Hall, Wensleydale, Yorkshire. 2 copies. 
 
 The Right Hon. Lord Foley, Ruxley Lodge, Esher, Surrey, 2 copies. 
 
 The Right Hon. and Right Rev. Lord Petre, Thornton Hall, Brentwood, 
 Essex. 
 
 The Right Hon. Lord Braybrooke, Audley End, Saffron Walden. 
 
 The Right Hon. Lord Bateman, Shobdon Court, Leominster, Herefordshire. 
 
 The Right Hon. Lord Ampthill, 1 9, Stratford Place, W. 
 
 The Right Hon. Lord Bagot, Blithfield, Rugeley, Staffordshire. 
 
 Lieut. -Gen. the Right Hon. Lord de Ros, Old Court, Strang ford, co. Dozvn, 
 Ireland. 
 
 The Right Hon. Lord Hatherton, Teddesley Hay, Penkridge, Stafford. 
 
 The Right Hon. Lord Crofton, Mole Park, Ballymurray, Ireland. 2 copies. 
 
 The Hon. John Charles Dundas, Thornburgh, Leyburn. 
 
 The Hon. Dudley Leigh, M.A., Stoneleigh Abbey, Kenilzoorth. 
 
 The Hon. Henry Dudley Ryder, High Ashurst, Dorking. 
 
 The Hon. S. Cunliffe Lister, Swinton Park, Masham, Yorkshire. 
 The Hon. and Rev. William Ellis, Bothalhaugh, Morpeth. 
 The Hon. Mrs. Constantine Dillon, Spelsbury, Charlbury, Oxfordshire. 
 Sir William Cayley Worsley, Bart., Hovingham Hall, York. 
 Sir Charles Clifford, Bart., Hatherton Hall, Cannock, Staffordshire. 
 Sir Charles Craufurd, Bart., 10, Warwick Square, London, S.W. 
 Sir Robert G. W. Herbert, G.C.B., Ickleton, Great Chesterfield, Essex. 
 Lady Lawson, Brayton, Carlisle. 
 Lady Clive Bayley, The Wilderness, Ascot. 
 
 Alfred Waterhouse, Esq., R.A., Yattendon Court, Newbury, Berkshire. 
 Mrs. Louis Courtauld, 3, Prince's Mansions, Westminster. 
 Mrs. Alexander A. Knox, 125, Victoria Street, Westminster. 
 Mrs. Alfred S. Kirk, Greenwood Leghe, Ingleton, Lancashire. 
 Mrs. Thomas Booth, Hawstead House, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. 
 Simon Thomas Scrope, Esq., Danby Hall, Wensleydale, Yorkshire. 
 George Frederic Marwood, Esq., Busby Hall, Northallerton, Yorkshire. 
 Frederick Brent Grotrian, Esq., Gilling Castle, York. 
 Mark J. Stewart, Esq., M.P., Ar dwell, Wigtonshire. 
 
 H. R. Hughes of Kinmel, Esq., Kinmel Park, Abergele, North Wales. 
 2 copies. 
 
Gery Milner-Gibson-Cullum, Esq., F.S.A., Hardwick House, Bury St. 
 
 Edmunds, Suffolk. 2 copies. 
 The Rev. Prebendary Tugwell, Bathwick Rectory, Bath. 
 H. G. Murray Stewart, Esq., Cally Gatehouse, Scotland. 
 The Rev. Prebendary Ricketts, M.A., Knighton Vicarage, Radnorshire. 
 R. C. de Grey Vyner, Esq., Fairfield, York. 
 Rev. Charles Henry Hutchinson, Westdean, Chichester, Sussex. 
 Charles H. L. Woodd, Esq., Roslyn, Hampstead. 
 Charles Hawkins, Esq., 9, Duke Street, Portland Place, London. 
 Henry Harben, Esq., Seaford Lodge, Fellows Road, London. 2 copies. 
 Edward Metcalfe, Esq., Wensley Cottage, St. Annes-on-Sea. 2 copies. 
 Henry Howe Metcalfe, Esq., Barrackpore, Bengal. 
 J. W. Morkill, Esq., 1, Manston Lodge, Crossgates, Leeds. 
 John W. Standerwick, Esq., General Post Office, London. 
 John Metcalfe, Esq., Pateley Bridge, Yorkshire. 2 copies. 
 Mr. W. Harrison, Ripon. 2 copies. 
 John Douglas, Esq., Dee Bank, Chester. 2 copies. 
 Mrs. Wood, Thorpe Rectory, Newark. 
 The Bradford Free Library, Bradford, Yorkshire. 
 John Nevile West, Esq., Titley House, Tit ley, Herefordshire. 
 Frederick Palliser de Costobadie, Esq., Darleith, Carysfort Road, Boscombe, 
 
 Bournemouth. 2 copies. 
 Rev. John Clough, M.A., Wilfrid Rectory, Nottingham. 
 R. J. C. Simpkins, Esq., Stow Park, Newport, Monmouthshire. 
 Mrs. Lane Hitchcock, Bampton, Faringdon, Berks. 
 Mrs. Egerton Allen, Heywood Cottage, Tenby, South Wales. 
 Miss Jeffreys, Boscombe, Bournemouth. 
 Mrs. Mary Metcalfe, (widow of the late Henry Christopher Metcalfe, Esq., 
 
 of Haw stead House, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk,) Vale Lodge, Ripley, 
 
 Yorkshire. 3 copies. 
 Miss Metcalfe, St. Pierre le Port, Guernesey. 
 R. Herbert Eccles, Esq., Darwen, Lancashire. 
 The Rev. William R. Finch Hatton, Weldon, Wansford. 
 Philip R. C. Metcalfe, Esq., 143, Alexandra Road, St. John's Wood, London. 
 Mr. James Bain, 1, Haymarket, London. 2 copies. 
 
ROYAL DESCENT. 
 
 gK^^S^^^^^^ In the Roll of the House of Lords, 
 ^gfoPsJfi/ !?§l5lfjk. which was issued in 1879, the name 
 fo X^Jl£S^^^^^ of the new Duke of Cumberland, it 
 
 was noticed, was placed, not like his 
 father's, the late King of Hanover, 
 among the Royal Dukes, but among 
 the ordinary Dukes, taking pre- 
 cedence between their Graces of 
 Northumberland and Wellington. 
 It would appear, therefore, that it had been decided by the 
 Heralds' College or other competent authority, that the 
 relationship of the Duke of Cumberland to Queen Victoria 
 was too remote to allow of his being considered a prince "of 
 the Blood Royal." If this is the case, it follows as a corollary, 
 that the Duke ought to be mentioned simply as " His Grace," 
 and that it would be incorrect to prefix to his name (or 
 rather, to his title, for what his name, — i.e., surname — is, has 
 not yet been ascertained) the mystic letters " H.R.H."; and 
 that if he should ever take his seat in Parliament, he will not 
 share with his cousin the Duke of Cambridge in the designa- 
 tion of" illustrious," but will figure simply as a '* noble " duke. 
 In consequence of the fact, to which we shall draw further 
 attention presently, that the new Duke of Cumberland 
 
2 Royal Descent. 
 
 occupies a position in the English Peerage for which no 
 precedent can be found without a long historical search, it 
 actually follows that the public mind is in a state of very- 
 considerable ignorance with regard to his status as an 
 English nobleman. 
 
 Official information will be wanted on the following 
 points : 
 
 i. What degree of consanguinity constitutes Royalty? 
 The late Duke of Cumberland was the grandson of an 
 English King, and ranked as an English Prince (of " the 
 Blood Royal," though not of "the Blood"), while his 
 successor is only the great-grandson of an English King. 
 Are we to draw the line, separating Royalty from Nobility, 
 between the grandsons and the great-grandsons, of the 
 Sovereign ? 
 
 2. What surname will the daughters and younger sons 
 of the Duke of Cumberland bear ? The eldest son will, of 
 course, bear his father's second title, Earl of Armagh, and 
 the other children will have the prefix of "Lord" or "Lady" 
 to their christian names. But what name will follow ? There 
 is a sort of confused notion that Guelph is the surname of the 
 now reigning family, the House of Brunswick ; but this is a 
 point which ought to be cleared up decisively. 
 
 It is a very remarkable fad that no Royal Dukedom has 
 ever previously, in modern times, lasted long enough to de- 
 generate from " Royalty " to " Nobility " ; or, in other 
 words, that no son or brother of a sovereign has ever left 
 behind him a son's son, who would occupy the same position 
 as the present Duke of Cumberland. 
 
Royal Descent. 3 
 
 George I. had no younger sons. George II. had 
 none who married. George III. had only one brother who 
 left children, viz., the Duke of Gloucester, whose title died 
 with his son and successor in 1834 : and although the seven 
 sons of George III. all lived to at least the age of fifty-two, 
 and all, except the Duke of Sussex, were married according 
 to the provisions of the Royal Marriage Act, yet the seven 
 had but two royal sons between them, viz., the late King of 
 Hanover and the present Duke of Cambridge. 
 
 We have not spoken of the five brothers of George I., 
 but none of these were married, and, indeed, only the 
 youngest, Ernest Augustus, was an English Peer, being 
 created Duke of York and Albany in 17 16. He died in 
 1728. 
 
 And if we trace the sovereigns of England backwards 
 from George I. we shall find that at no period since the 
 Wars of the Roses has a Dukedom, conferred upon a 
 monarch's younger son, descended to the third generation. 
 How far the case of Richard, Duke of York, father of 
 Edward IV., is applicable to the questions raised above, we 
 know not. He was grandson to the first Duke, Edmund, 
 son of Edward III.; but, through his mother, Lady Anne 
 Mortimer, great-granddaughter of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, 
 he was unquestionably entitled to the crown itself, after the 
 death of his uncle and mother. His case, therefore, can 
 hardly be taken as a precedent ; and it really seems as if an 
 Act of Parliament would be necessary, to settle the doubtful 
 points raised by the accession of the Duke of Cumberland to 
 a dukedom originally royal. 
 
4 Royal Descent. 
 
 But for the "religious difficulty" at the time of the 
 English Revolution, Queen Victoria would now be simply 
 " nowhere " as a claimant to the throne. For although, as is 
 well known, all former reigning families are extinct, in the 
 eyes of the Salic Law ; since there are no persons living who 
 are lineally descended, from father to son y from the Stuarts, 
 Tudors, or Plantagenets ; yet the lineal descendants of some 
 of those kings, tracing their legitimate descent, as Queen 
 Victoria also does, through females, are, in all probability, 
 exceedingly numerous ; and among the descendants of King 
 James I., the present Royal Family holds only a low position. 
 
 For it is only through that King's daughter, Elizabeth, 
 Queen of Bohemia, that the House of Brunswick derives its 
 claim to the English Crown ; George I. having been the 
 son of the Electress Sophia, the youngest daughter of the 
 aforesaid Elizabeth. Now, not only did two of Sophia's 
 brothers, Charles Louis, and Edward, leave descendants, many 
 of whom are now living, but also her uncle, King Charles I., 
 was the ancestor of a large number of the royal and grand- 
 ducal families now existing on the Continent of Europe. 
 
 Let us briefly indicate these three lines of descendants from 
 James I., every one of which would, from considerations of 
 birth only, have a better claim to the English throne than 
 has the House of Brunswick. 
 
 i. Descendants of Charles I. — These trace through the 
 marriage of his daughter Henrietta to Philip, Duke of 
 Orleans, only brother of Louis XIV. Her daughter Anna 
 Maria married Victor Amadeus, Duke of Savoy and first 
 King of Sardinia, who died in 1732, leaving two children, 
 
Royal Descent. 5 
 
 whose issue is still extant, viz., King Charles Emanuel III., 
 and Adelaide who married Louis, Duke of Burgundy, son 
 of the Dauphin. Charles Emanuel I., who died in 1773 
 had, besides four other children, a son Victor Amadeus 
 II., whose son Charles Emanuel II., as surviving Henry 
 Benedict, Cardinal Duke of York (Henry IX.), 1 who died 
 in 1807, and as being then the head jure natali of the 
 Royal House of Stuart, would, but for the Act of Settle- 
 ment, and the Protestantism of the English nation, have 
 reigned as Charles IV., King of Great Britain and Ireland. 
 This king died without issue and was succeeded by his 
 brother, Victor Emanuel I., who died in 1824, leaving 
 daughters only, the eldest of whom, Mary Beatrice, married 
 Francis IV., Duke of Modena, and was mother of Francis 
 V., Duke of Modena, born in 18 19, whose eldest sister, 
 Mary Theresa, married her second cousin the late Comte de 
 Chambord, the head of the elder line of the Bourbons, and 
 de jure. King Henry V. of France, who himself was not far 
 
 1 We avoid alike calling the Kings by A£t of Parliament of the House of 
 Hanover " Ele&ors," and the exiled Kings by hereditary right of the 
 Royal House of Stuart " Pretenders.'" Our readers may do this for 
 themselves according to their political bias. 
 
 " God save the King, the Faith's Defender, 
 God bless — no harm in blessing — the Pretender 
 But who Pretender is and who is King, 
 God bless my soul, that 's quite another thing." 
 
 The medal struck on the accession of Henry, Cardinal Duke of York, 
 to the royal dignity on the death of his brother, Charles TTI., bears the 
 inscription : "Henricus Nonas Rex Anglic," and on the reverse the pathetic 
 legend : " Nott desideriis hominum sed voluntate Dei." 
 
6 Royal Descent. 
 
 from the headship of the Stuarts, his grandmother, Theresa, 
 wife of Charles X. of France, having been the daughter 
 of Victor Amadeus II. mentioned above. 
 
 Francis V., Duke of Modena, dying without issue in 1875, 
 his niece (daughter of his younger brother Ferdinand) Mary- 
 Theresa Henrietta Dorothea of Modena (born 2 July, 1 849), 
 wife of Prince Louis of Bavaria, is now representative of the 
 eldest Line of the Royal House of Stuart and Heiress of Line 
 of King Charles I. 
 
 The Heiress of the Royal House of Stuart, who married, 
 aoth February, 1868, Prince Louis Leopold Joseph Mary 
 Aloysius Alfred, eldest son of Luitpold, Prince Regent of 
 Bavaria, has, with other issue, an eldest son, Robert Mary 
 Luitpold Ferdinand, born the 18th of May, 1869. 
 
 Next to Mary Theresa Henrietta Dorothea of Modena, 
 Princess Louis of Bavaria, and her children, would come the 
 descendants of the Aunts of Francis V., Duke of Modena, 
 viz., first the Duke of Parma and his family, and secondly, the 
 son of Ferdinand II., late King of Naples, by his first wife 
 Christina, who was the youngest Aunt of Francis V., Duke of 
 Modena. The Duke of Parma is doubly descended from 
 Victor Amadeus II., his mother being the sister of Henry V. 
 of France. 
 
 Several of these names occur again if we trace the issue of 
 Adelaide, Duchess of Burgundy, mentioned above as daughter 
 of Victor Amadeus I. and his wife Anne, the granddaughter 
 of our King Charles I. For the Duchess was the mother of 
 King Louis XV., forefather of the Comte de Chambord 
 (Henry V.), and also (through his daughters) of the Dukes of 
 
Royal Descent, y 
 
 Parma, of the King of Saxony, and of all the numerous 
 progeny of Louisa of Parma, Queen of Charles IV. of Spain ; 
 among whom are included the present Kings of Spain and 
 Portugal, the late Emperor of Brazil, Don Carlos, the late King 
 of Naples and his large family, and many others, too numerous 
 to mention ; who would, however, be far more numerous, in 
 all probability, were it not for the habit, so common amongst 
 them, of marrying cousins or nieces, which makes their pedi- 
 grees resemble that of a race-horse, and by which it comes to 
 pass that most of the descendants of Charles I. now living can 
 trace their lineage from him not only in one way, but in several. 
 
 So much, then, for the lineal descendants of King Charles 
 I. of England. It was said above that his nephews, the 
 Princes Charles Louis and Edward (the brothers of the 
 better-known Princes Rupert and Maurice), left numerous 
 descendants. 
 
 2. — Prince Charles Louis , born in 1617, was the father of 
 the Duchess Elizabeth of Orleans, mother of Philip II. the 
 Regent Duke of Orleans, and of Elizabeth who married 
 Leopold the Good, Duke of Lorraine. 
 
 From the Regent are descended the present Orleans family, 
 by two different lines : for his son, Duke Louis I., was the 
 grandfather of " Egalite," while his daughter, the Duchess of 
 Modena, was maternal grandmother to the wife of Egalite. 
 The descendants of Louis Philippe, the King of the French, 
 who was the son of Egalite, are numerous and increasing, for 
 his five sons and three daughters all had children. 
 
 The Duchess of Modena (the Regent's daughter) was also 
 through her son Hercules, ancestress of Francis V., Duke of 
 
8 Royal Descent. 
 
 Modena, by two different lines ; the mother of Francis V. 
 having married her own uncle, a grandson of Duke Hercules. 
 
 From the Duchess of Lorraine, the Regent's sister, an 
 enormous number of royal and quasi-royal personages are 
 descended, through her son Francis L, Emperor of Germany, 
 husband of Maria Theresa, and also through her daughter 
 who married King Charles Emanuel I., whose descendants 
 have been already mentioned. 
 
 Among the descendants of Francis I. and Maria Theresa, 
 we may mention the present Emperor of Austria, the King 
 of Italy (whose maternal grandfather, Regnier, was ninth of 
 the eleven sons of Leopold II.), the King of Saxony, Leopold, 
 Grand Duke of Tuscany and his wife : as well as our old 
 friends, Henry V., the late King of Naples, the late Emperor of 
 Brazil, the Kings of Spain and Portugal, and all the Orleans 
 family, the late Queen of the French having been a grand- 
 daughter of Francis I. and Maria Theresa. 
 
 Edward, Prince Palatine, the other nephew of King Charles 
 I., who left issue, was also an ancestor of most of those persons 
 now living who have been mentioned as descendants of his 
 brother Charles Louis, or of their uncle King Charles I. For 
 Benedicta, the youngest of Prince Edward's three daughters, 
 married John Frederic, a Duke of Hanover, uncle of 
 George I., and left two daughters, from the elder of whom 
 the Dukes of Modena, etc., are descended, while the younger, 
 Wilhelmine, wife of Joseph I., Emperor of Germany, was 
 grandmother of the two Polish princesses, Amelia and 
 Josephine, who married respectively Charles III. of Spain, 
 and Louis, the French Dauphin ; also from Frederic, the 
 
Royal Descent. g 
 
 brother of the last mentioned princesses, the King of Saxony- 
 is descended. 
 
 Louisa, the eldest daughter of Edward, Prince Palatine, 
 married Louis, Prince of Salms, and their son, Louis Otto, 
 had numerous descendants, many of whom must be now 
 living, but in the pedigree which we have consulted, we see 
 no well-known names : nor, indeed, is the rank of the present 
 generation noted. A certain " Constantine," great-grandson 
 of Louis Otto, occurs as having been born in 1762 and 
 having died in 1828, leaving eight sons and two daughters, 
 most of whom had children ; the present head of the branch 
 being probably his grandson " Alfred," born in 18 14, who 
 married in 1836 "Augusta of Croy Dulmen," and had five 
 sons and six daughters. But whether the said " Alfred," if 
 living, is a Prince, a Duke, a Count, or only plain Herr, and 
 what his surname may be, we cannot undertake to say. It 
 would be interesting to know whether any ladies of this branch 
 of James I.'s descendants have married English subjects, and 
 whether, consequently, Queen Victoria has nearer relations in 
 her Kingdom than the descendants of Henry VII., or of 
 Edward III. 
 
 Anne, the second daughter of Prince Edward, married 
 Henry Julius, Prince of Conde, son of the great Conde ; and 
 from her the Princes of Conde and Conti were descended, 
 and also Louisa the mother of Egalite. Thus the Orleans 
 branch of the Bourbons is related in many ways, though very 
 distantly, to the House of Brunswick. 
 
 Upon the whole, then, it appears that there are numerous 
 legitimate descendants of King James I. now living; almost 
 
io Royal Descent. 
 
 all of whom are foreigners, and most of whom are members of 
 royal or grand-ducal families. Many of these, moreover, can 
 trace their descent from James I. in several different ways, 
 owing to the frequent marriages of cousins of various degrees. 
 In fact, if the genealogical tables upon which we rely, and 
 which were copied from a History of the Stuarts, published 
 some thirty years ago, are correct, we find that Robert, Duke 
 of Parma, is descended in as many as twenty-one different 
 ways from James I. For each of his grandmothers had six lines 
 of descent from that monarch, while one of his grandfathers 
 had five, and the other four. By most of these lines he is 
 tenth in descent from James I., but by some he is ninth, and 
 by others eleventh. And since James I. himself was both ninth 
 and eleventh in descent from Edward III., the Duke of Parma 
 is in every generation from the eighteenth to the twenty- 
 second, both inclusive, of Edward III.'s descendants, and is, 
 therefore, sixteenth cousin four times removed to himself ! 
 
 The latest English King whose lineal descendants are very 
 numerous amongst the "nobility and gentry" of England, 
 was Edward III. It would be a calculation worthy of a 
 Senior Wrangler, to conjecture how many thousands of 
 English-speaking people now living in England, her Colonies 
 and possessions, and in the United States of America, are 
 actually, and legitimately, descended from the Plantagenets 
 through that King, and, through his mother, Isabella of 
 France, from Saint Louis IX., King of France. We will 
 give the steps of one line of descent with which we are 
 acquainted ; and by means of these some slight notion of the 
 vastness of the problem may be formed. 
 
Royal Descent. 1 1 
 
 Passing, for the sake of brevity, over the most recent 
 generations, we will start with a person who lived in the 
 eighteenth century, many of whose descendants of the third 
 and fourth generation (among whose surnames are the 
 following : Allen, Currie, Festing, Hitchcock, Hutchinson, 
 Kennedy, Marwood, Metcalfe, Ommanney, Orme, Scougall, 
 Tugwell, Walker, Warde, Wilcox, and Wynne-Finch) are now 
 living, the chief of the family still holding lands in Yorkshire 
 which have been in the possession of the family for centuries, 
 and the cadets in various professions, the army, the navy, the 
 law, the church, or winning their bread by literature and art. 
 
 Denoting the persons, then, who form the line of Royal 
 Descent by italics with a figure before each to mark the 
 number of generations from the present time, the aforesaid 
 great-grandfather was — 
 
 3. Thomas Metcalfe^ of the Porch House, North Allerton 
 and Sand Hutton, Yorkshire, M.A., Cambridge, Trinity 
 College, Rector of Narborough and Vicar of Tilton in 
 Leicestershire, Vicar of St. Margaret's, Leicester, and after- 
 wards Rector of Kirkby Overblow in Yorkshire, who on the 
 death of his elder brother without issue became the head of 
 the North Allerton, or the younger, branch of the family 
 seated for centuries at Nappa Hall in Wensleydale, Yorkshire. 
 The last of the Nappa line, Thomas Metcalfe, died at Nappa 
 Hall, unmarried, in 1756, and in his Will thus mentions his 
 kinsman, the above-named Rev. Thomas Metcalfe. 
 
 * f To my Godson and son of the Reverend Mr. Metcalfe 
 of Tilton in Leicestershire I give my Seal with my Coat of 
 Arms and Crest set in Gold, and also two pairs of stone 
 
12 Royal Descent. 
 
 buttons set in gold, as a mark of my very sincere and hearty 
 wishes for his success and prosperity in this world." 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Metcalfe married Anne, daughter of 
 William Smelt 1 of Kirkby Fleetham and Leases by Bedale, co. 
 York, Esq., M.P. for North Allerton, 1740-45, by his wife 
 Dorothy, daughter of Cornelius Cayley, Counsellor-at-law, son 
 of Sir William Cayley of Brampton, co. York, Bart., by 
 Dorothy, daughter of Sir William St. Quintin of Harpham, 
 
 1 Dorothy Smelt, niece of Anne Metcalfe named above, and of Captain 
 Leonard Smelt (Sub-Governor to the Prince of Wales and the Duke of 
 York — 1771-6 — and a notable figure in the Court of George IIL), married 
 Sir Thomas Frankland of Thirkleby, co. York, sixth Baronet, who was her 
 cousin, Leonard Smelt of Kirkby Fleetham, her great-grandfather, having 
 married Grace Frankland, daughter of Sir William Frankland, Bart., by 
 his wife Arabella, daughter of the Hon. Henry Belasyse of Newburgh, 
 eldest son of Thomas, first Viscount Fauconberg. From this Dorothy, 
 Lady Frankland (" the handsome Lady Frankland "), are descended Lady 
 Payne Frankland of Thirkleby Park, her son, Sir Ralph Payne-Gallwey, 
 Bart., Lord Walsingham, and Sir Frederick Frankland, Bart., of Thirkleby 
 House, Ascot, all of whom through her can trace two Royal Descents, namely: 
 
 I. From King Edward I. through the families of Smelt, Cayley, St. 
 Quintin, Hastings, Le Despencer (Baron le Despencer), and De Clare 
 (Earl of Gloucester and Hereford). 
 
 II. From Llewelyn the Great, Prince of North Wales, and his wife 
 Joan, natural daughter of King John, through the families of Smelt, Cayley, 
 St. Quintin, Hastings, Morley (Baron Morley), De la Pole (Earl of 
 Suffolk), Stafford (Earl of Stafford), Beauchamp (Earl of Warwick), and 
 Mortimer (Earl of March and Lord of Wigmore). 
 
 These two Descents can be traced also by all the other descendants of 
 Sir William Cayley and his wife Dorothy St. Quintin, among whom are 
 Sir George Cayley, Bart. ; Sir William Cayley Worsley, Bart. ; Professor 
 Arthur Cayley, of Cambridge (said to be the first pure mathematician in 
 the world); Canon Moberly, of Christ Church, Oxford; and the children 
 and brothers of the late Right Hon. H. Cecil Raikes. 
 
Royal Descent. 1 3 
 
 co. York, Bart., who was grandson of Gabriel St. Quintin, 
 son of Sir William St. Quintin, by Dorothy, eldest daughter 
 of Sir Bryan Hastings of Holmeshall in the parish of 
 Owston, co. York, High Sheriff 28 Henry VIII. He died 
 in 1774, and his father was — 
 
 (4.) Thomas Metcalfe, of the Porch House, North Allerton 
 and Sand Hutton near York, Esq. He appears to have 
 married first Faith Lady Milbanke (widow of Sir Mark Mil- 
 banke, Bart.), who died without issue aged 33, and secondly 
 Anne, daughter of John Greene, of Liversedge Hall, in the 
 parish of Birstall, co. York, Esq., eldest son and heir of John 
 Greene, " Lord of the Moiety of the Manor of Liversedge, 
 Lieutenant to Capt. Batt, of Okewell Hall, in the Regiment 
 of Foot of George Saville, Viscount Halifax." (Dugdale's 
 Vis. 1665.) Thomas Metcalfe, aged 4 years in 1665, when 
 William Dugdale, Esq., Norroy King of Arms, made his 
 Visitation of Yorkshire, was the son and heir of William 
 Metcalfe, of North Allerton, Esq., 1 by his wife — 
 
 (5.) Anne Marwood, daughter of Sir George Marwood, 
 of Little Busby, co. York, Baronet. Her brother, Sir Henry 
 
 1 William Metcalfe was son and heir of George Metcalfe of the Porch 
 House, North Allerton, Esq., J. P., a Barrister of Gray's Inn, who died in 
 1642, by his wife Elizabeth Talbot, daughter of William Talbot of 
 Knayton, second son of Roger Talbot of Wood End, lord of the manor of 
 Thorneton-le-Street, of the ancient and knightly family of Talbot of 
 Bashall, co. York, the elder line of the Talbots, Earls of Shrewsbury. 
 William Metcalfe's great-grandfather, George Metcalfe, who had a lease of 
 sixty years of the manor, or grange, of Hoode, in the parish of Kilburne, 
 co. York, of the Prior of the Monastery of Our Lady of Newburgh, 
 30 Henry VIII. (1539), was great-grandson of Thomas Metcalfe of 
 Nappa in Wensleydale, Esq., Chancellor of the Duchy and County 
 
i4 Royal Descent. 
 
 Marwood, by his first wife, Margaret, daughter of Conyers, 
 Lord D'Arcy and Conyers (sister of Conyers, fifth Lord 
 Conyers and first Earl of Holdernesse), had an only child, 
 Margaret, who died in childhood. Sir Henry married 
 secondly Dorothy, daughter of Alan Bellingham, of Levens, 
 co. Westmoreland, Esq., and his granddaughter and heiress, 
 Jane Marwood, left Little Busby Hall and estate to her 
 cousin, William Metcalfe, of North Allerton, who took the 
 name of Marwood by Acl: of Parliament, 5 Geo. III., 1765. 
 From Sir Henry Marwood, through his above-named grand- 
 daughter (who married Cholmley Turner, Esq., of Kirk 
 Leatham, co. York), was descended General Sir Charles Van 
 Straubenzee, G.C.B.,late Governor of Malta, of the family of 
 Van Straubenzee of Spennithorne, in Wensleydale, Yorkshire. 
 The late Lord Gardner was another descendant. Margaret, 
 daughter of William and Anne Metcalfe, married Daniel 
 Lascelles of Stank and North Allerton, Esq., High Sheriff" 
 of Yorkshire and M.P. for North Allerton (ancestor by his 
 second wife of the Earl of Harewood), and their daughter, 
 Mary Lascelles, married Cuthbert Mitford of North Allerton, 
 by whom she was ancestress of the Rev. Daniel Mitford 
 Peacock, Senior Wrangler of 179 1 , and his son, the Ven. 
 Edwards Cust, Archdeacon of Richmond ; also of some 
 members of the families of Blanchard and Faber. Edwin 
 Lascelles, grandson of the above-named Daniel Lascelles, by 
 
 Palatine of Lancaster, by Grant of King Richard III., 1483, and a Privy 
 Councillor, and this Thomas was son of James Metcalfe of Nappa, Esq., 
 "a Captain in France at the battle of Agincourt," according to the 
 Heralds' Visitations of 1584 and T665. 
 
Royal Descent. 15 
 
 his wife, Margaret Metcalfe, was created Lord Harewood of 
 Harewood Castle in 1790, and died without issue in 1795. 
 
 Lady Marwood, the mother of the above-named wife of 
 William Metcalfe, Esq., was — 
 
 (6.) Frances Bet hell, daughter of Sir Walter Bethell, 
 of Alne, co. York, Knight, by his wife — 
 
 (7.) Maria Slingsby, sister to the Sir Henry Slingsby, 
 Baronet, who was beheaded on Tower Hill, 8 June, 1658, in 
 the time of Cromwell's usurpation. Her sister Elizabeth 
 was wife to Sir Thomas Metcalfe of Nappa in Wensleydale. 
 
 She was the daughter of — 
 
 (8.) Sir Henry Slingsby, of Scriven, co. York, Knight, 
 who married Frances daughter and heiress of William 
 Vavasour of Weston, co. York, Esq. His son, the first 
 Baronet (so created by Charles I. in 1635), died by the 
 headsman's axe, and the eleventh and last Baronet, Sir Charles 
 Slingsby, was drowned thirty years since in crossing a ferry, 
 when out with the York and Ainsty hounds. 
 
 The mother of Sir Henry Slingsby, Knt, was — 
 
 (9.) Mary Percy, wife to Francis Slingsby, of Scriven, 
 Esquire. Her brother, Thomas Percy, seventh Earl of 
 Northumberland, joined the Catholic rebellion against Queen 
 Elizabeth, called "The Rising of the North," in 1569, and 
 was beheaded at York, 1572. Sir Henry, younger brother and 
 eighth Earl, falling under suspicion of favouring the cause of 
 Mary Queen of Scots, was committed to the Tower, and after 
 a long imprisonment was found dead in his bed, shot through 
 the heart with a dag, but whether murdered or slain by his 
 own hand is unknown. Mary Percy's father was — 
 
1 6 Royal Descent. 
 
 (10.) Sir Thomas Percy , second son of Henry Algernon, 
 fifth Earl of Northumberland. He was executed at Tyburn 
 in 1 537, as one of the leaders in Aske's rebellion, called " The 
 Pilgrimage of Grace," and attainted, in the face of a pardon 
 only proclaimed, with the view of deceiving and dispersing the 
 insurgents, by the base tyrant Henry VIII. In this Catholic 
 rising of the north, about 40,000 men were in arms, under the 
 nominal leadership of Sir Robert Aske, a Yorkshire gentleman. 
 The Rev. S. Baring Gould, in his cc Yorkshire Oddities and 
 Incidents," says : — " Sir Thomas Percy, at the head of 5,000 
 men, carried the banner of St. Cuthbert. In the second 
 division, over 10,000 strong, were the men of the West Riding 
 and Holderness under Sir Robert Aske. The rear was a 
 magnificent body of 1 2,000 horse, all in armour, the knights, 
 esquires, and yeomen of Richmondshire and Durham." 
 Sir Thomas Percy married Eleanor, daughter of Guiscard 
 Harbottle, of Beamish, Durham, Esq., and was the father of 
 the seventh and eighth Earls of Northumberland, from the 
 latter of whom Josceline, the eleventh and last Earl, was 
 descended. The Dukes of Northumberland of the present 
 line are descended from Earl Josceline, through his great- 
 granddaughter, Lady Elizabeth Seymour, whose husband, 
 Sir Hugh Smithson, was the first Duke. 
 
 The father of Sir Thomas Percy, — 
 
 (11.) Henry Algernon, fifth Earl of Northumberland, K.G., 
 married Catherine, daughter and heiress of Sir Robert 
 Spencer, of Spencer Combe, and died in 1527, aged forty- 
 nine. 
 
 His father was — 
 
Royal Descent, ij 
 
 (12.) Henry , fourth Earl of Northumberland, K.G., whose 
 murder in a popular rising at Thirsk, in Yorkshire, in 1489, 
 for enforcing Henry VII.'s exactions, was in a great measure 
 due to ct the continual grudge the northern men bore against 
 this Earl ever since the death of Richard, whom they entirely 
 favoured," and whom he had basely failed to support at a 
 critical moment in the battle of Bosworth. Baker says : " In 
 this battel, Henry, Earl of Northumberland, who led King 
 Richard's rereward, never strook stroke." 
 
 His wife was the Lady Maude Herbert, daughter of 
 William Herbert, first Earl of Pembroke. He was the 
 son of — 
 
 (13.) Henry, third Earl of Northumberland, who was slain 
 at the battle of Towton, fought on Palm Sunday, 146 1 , leading 
 the vanguard of the defeated Lancastrians in the face of a 
 driving snow-storm. 
 
 He married Eleanor, Baroness Poynings. 
 
 (14.) Henry, second Earl of Northumberland, 1 was the 
 father of the third Earl. He fell at the first battle of St. 
 Albans, 1455, fighting for Henry VI., who was defeated and 
 taken prisoner. This Earl was one of the commanders of the 
 English host at the battle of Agincourt, and also the hero of 
 the border fray which gave rise to the Ballad of "Chevy 
 
 1 The Marquess of Ripon has two Royal Descents through this second 
 Earl and his wife ; for their daughter Catherine, marrying Edmund Grey, 
 first Earl of Kent, was ancestress of the thirteenth Earl and first Duke 
 of Kent, whose granddaughter, Jemima, Marchioness de Grey, married 
 the second Earl of Hardwicke, and was mother of Mary Jemima, Lady 
 Grantham, grandmother of the Marquess of Ripon, and also great- 
 grandmother of the Marchioness. 
 
 C 
 
1 8 Royal Descent. 
 
 Chace." He married the Lady Eleanor Neville, daughter of 
 Ralph Neville, Lord of Raby and of Middleham, first Earl of 
 Westmoreland, by his wife Joan, daughter of John of Gaunt, 
 Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of King Edward III. This 
 gives (among others) a second line of Royal Descent for the 
 Metcalfes, who, it will be seen, are thus descended from 
 both Lionel, Duke of Clarence, and John of Gaunt, Duke of 
 Lancaster. 
 
 The second Earl of Northumberland was the son of Henry, 
 Lord Percy, the renowned " Hotspur" (who fell at the battle 
 of Shrewsbury in 1403), by his wife the 
 
 (15.) Lady Elizabeth Mortimer ■, daughter of Edmund 
 Mortimer, Earl of March and Lord of Wigmore, by his 
 wife — 
 
 (16.) The Lady Philippa Plant agenet, only daughter and 
 heiress of — 
 
 (17.) Lionel \ Duke of Clarence , who was the third son of — 
 
 (18.) King Edward III. 
 
 Thus it will be seen that the great-grandchildren of the 
 Rev. Thomas Metcalfe, who are now living, are eighteenth in 
 direct lineal descent from Edward III. Queen Victoria is 
 in the nineteenth generation from the same King, but if we 
 take the line of Edmund, Duke of York (fifth son of Edward 
 III.), whose son, Richard, Earl of Cambridge, married his 
 first cousin twice removed, Lady Anne Mortimer •, she is only 
 seventeen generations below Edward III. 
 
 The Duke of Rutland is only thirteenth in descent from a 
 de jure King of England — Richard, Duke of York, slain in 
 the Battle of Wakefield in 1460 — and, although granted by a 
 
Royal Descent, 19 
 
 Tudor, he may well be proud of the arms of augmentation 
 to his paternal coat which he bears in reference to his royal 
 descent : — on a chief quarterly , first and fourth, azure, two 
 fieurs-de-lys, or; second and third, gules, a lion of England, or ; 
 and of his title of Rutland, never borne but by the blood royal 
 before his lineal ancestor Thomas Manners, first Earl of 
 Rutland, the maternal great-grandson of Richard, Duke of 
 York, Earl of Rutland, and, de jure, King of England, was 
 so created by Henry VIII. in 1525. 
 
 The Princess Anne Plantagenet, daughter of Richard, Duke 
 of York, and sister to King Edward IV. and King Richard 
 III., married, secondly, Sir Thomas St. Leger, and their 
 daughter, Anne St. Leger, married Sir George Manners, 
 father of the above-named Thomas Manners, first Earl of 
 Rutland. In the Duke of Rutland's lineage from Richard, 
 Duke of York, therefore, only two ladies occur, and from King 
 Edward III., through Edmund, Duke of York, only three, and 
 four through Lionel, Duke of Clarence — the descent which 
 gave Richard, Duke of York and Earl of Rutland, his right 
 to the Crown of England. 
 
 In Queen Victoria's lineage from Edward III. seven ladies 
 occur, viz., Philippa, Countess of March, Lady Anne 
 Mortimer, the Queen of Henry VII., her daughter Margaret, 
 Queen of James IV., Mary Queen of Scots, and the mother 
 and grandmother of George I. It will be observed that six 
 ladies occur between Edward III. and the Rev. T. Metcalfe. 
 
 If it were not the case that many persons die unmarried 
 and that many marriages have no issue, the descendants of 
 Edward III. now living would be numbered by millions rather 
 
20 Royal Descent. 
 
 than thousands. For, supposing that he had had only two 
 children, and each of them two children, and so on ; and 
 supposing, moreover, that no descendant of his had ever 
 married another descendant ; the number of persons in the 
 eighteenth generation would be more than a quarter of a 
 million. Or, if instead of two children, each person had 
 three, the number in the eighteenth generation would be 
 more than three hundred and eighty millions ! * 
 
 Balancing, therefore, large families on the one hand, against 
 childless persons on the other, and remembering that the 
 marriage of one descendant with another is, for our present 
 purpose, equivalent to the childlessness of one of the two 
 parties ; we might infer that the number of descendants of 
 Edward III. now living is probably many thousands : 
 possibly tens of thousands : because we know that his race is 
 
 1 "Few things so vividly illustrate the value of little things as the story 
 of the request made by the Brahmin Sissa, who is said to have invented 
 chess. As the story runs, the prince for whom the Brahmin had invented 
 this game as a pastime told him to ask for what he would, and the 
 Brahmin made the very modest demand of the value of the corn that it 
 would take to lay upon the chess-board squares, one upon the first, two 
 upon the second, and so on, doubling the quantity upon each square. 
 There are but 64 squares upon the chess-board, and the Brahmin does not 
 appear to have asked for much. Now, supposing a man could count in a 
 minute 100 seeds, and counted for 50 minutes in each hour, allowing ten 
 minutes for rest, and kept on counting for a year of 300 days, at ten hours 
 a day, in one year he would count 15,000,000 seeds ; but this one man 
 would take 2,229,849,370,358 years to count the grains the Brahmin asked 
 for, and if all the inhabitants of the world were set at the task they would 
 not get through with it in less than 842 years, taking the inhabitants of 
 the world at 1,456,000,000. The number of grains of corn that this 
 Brahmin modestly asked for would amount to 1 8,447,745,555,370,859,682." 
 
Royal Descent, 2 1 
 
 not extinct. Where it is known, as a matter of fact, that a 
 family is extinct, cadit quastio ; but in a case like the present, 
 where some descendants can be named as now living, it may 
 be argued that there are probably many more, whose names 
 might come to light if we knew how to search for them. 
 
 Now, if we were to take the Metcalfe line, given above, as a 
 basis, we should find at almost every step that each person 
 named in it had brothers or sisters who left issue. In some 
 cases the descendants of these soon became extinct, but in 
 others they appear to have multiplied exceedingly, and we 
 have reason to believe that many families now living are 
 descended from them and are therefore descendants of 
 Edward III. 
 
 We have taken some pains to investigate, in one particular 
 case, the number of titled families now living, not to mention 
 commoners, who are descended, through one person, a daughter 
 of one of those in the Metcalfe line from Edward III. 
 
 The lady to whom we allude was Lady Margaret Percy, 
 daughter of Henry Algernon, fifth Earl of Northumberland, 
 K.G. She married Henry, Lord Clifford, who was created in 
 1523 Earl of Cumberland, and had issue, Henry, who 
 succeeded his father as second Earl ; Sir Ingram, who married 
 Anne, daughter and heiress of Sir Henry RatclifFe ; Lady 
 Katherine, married to John, eighth Lord Scrope, of Bolton 
 Castle in Wensleydale ; Lady Maude, wife to John, third 
 Lord Conyers of Hornby Castle (from whom the Duke of 
 Leeds) ; Lady Elizabeth, wife to Sir Christopher Metcalfe of 
 Nappa, in Wensleydale ; and Lady Joan, who married Sir 
 John Huddleston of Milium Castle, Cumberland. 
 
22 Royal Descent, 
 
 Sir Thomas Metcalfe of Nappa, grandson of the above- 
 named Sir Christopher, and his wife the Lady Elizabeth 
 Clifford, daughter of the first Earl of Cumberland and 
 eleventh Baron de Clifford, married Elizabeth, daughter of 
 Sir Henry Slingsby of Scriven, Yorkshire, and had, with 
 other issue, a daughter Frances, who married Sir William 
 Robinson of Newby-on-Swale, county York, lineal ancestor 
 of George Frederick Robinson, first Marquess of Ripon, K.G., 
 P.C., G.C.S.I., CLE., late Viceroy and Governor-General of 
 India; Lady Mary Vyner of Newby Hall, near Ripon; 
 and Earl Cowper, who thus, through Frances Metcalfe, can 
 trace four Royal Descents, two of which are from King 
 Edward III., as will be seen in note p. 24. 
 
 Her son Henry, Lord Clifford, the second Earl of Cum- 
 berland, had three children, viz. ( 1 ) George, the third Earl, 
 (2) Francis, the fourth Earl, and (3) Margaret, wife of 
 Henry Stanley, Earl of Derby. We will discuss the branches 
 springing from these three, separately, for where there is 
 much " multiplication," some " division " and subdivision 
 will be required : and we will omit the names of persons 
 whose issue is supposed to be now extinct, and also, as a 
 general rule, the names of commoners, whose pedigrees we 
 have no means of investigating. 
 
 I. Descendants of George, third Earl of 
 Cumberland. 
 He had an only child, Anne, Baroness de Clifford, 1 the 
 celebrated Countess of Dorset, Pembroke, and Montgomery. 
 
 1 Anne, Baroness de Clifford, Countess Dowager of Dorset, Pembroke, 
 
Royal Descent. 23 
 
 Her daughter, by her first husband the Earl of Dorset, whom 
 she married in 1609, Margaret Sackville, elder co-heir to 
 
 and Montgomery, was, says the Rev. Dr. Whitaker in his " History of 
 Craven," "one of the most illustrious women of her own or any age." 
 Her great work as " Repairer of the Breach" was the repairing and rebuild- 
 ing of her dismantled Castles in the North, which she did in defiance of 
 Cromwell. " Six of the houses of her ancestors were in ruins ; the church 
 of Skipton, in consequence of the damage it had sustained during the siege 
 of the Castle, was in little better condition; but her inexpensive, though 
 magnificent habits, the integrity and economy of her agents, and, above all, 
 her own personal inspection, enabled her, in a short time, to remove every 
 vestige of devastation which the civil war had left." These great works 
 she was not backward to commemorate. 
 
 Most of her ereftions bore, mutatis mutandis, the same inscription taken 
 from Isaiah, c. 58, v. 12, "The places that have been desolate for ages 
 shall be built in thee." "Thou shalt be called the Repairer of the 
 Breach, the Restorer of places to dwell in." 
 
 "Removing from castle to castle, she diffused plenty and happiness around 
 her, by consuming on the spot the produce of her vast domains in hospi- 
 tality and charity. Equally remote from the undistinguishing profusion of 
 ancient times, and the parsimonious elegance of modern habits, her house 
 was a school for the young and a retreat for the aged, an asylum for the per- 
 secuted, a college for the learned, and a pattern for all." 
 
 In her diary, as yet unprinted, but the publication of which has long 
 been promised by the Surtees Society, she gives the following account of 
 a journey from her Castle of Skipton in Craven to one of her Westmoreland 
 Castles, Pendragon Castle, on the banks of the Eden, in the wild border land 
 between the counties of York and Westmoreland, near Wild Boar Fell and 
 the fountain heads of the Yore and the Eden, on which journey she passed 
 one night at Nappa Hall in Wensleydale, the house of her cousin, Thomas 
 Metcalfe, about fifteen miles distant from Pendragon Castle. "And the 
 6th day of this October (1663) did I remove onwards on my journey 
 towards Westmerland, so as I went to Mr. Cuthbert Wade's house at 
 Kilnsey, and the next day from thence to Kettlewelldale, up Buckden 
 Rakes and over the Stake unto Wensledale to my cousin, Mr. Thomas 
 Metcalfe's house at Nappa, and the next day I went over Cotter, which I 
 
24 Royal Descent, 
 
 the barony of De Clifford, who married John Tufton, second 
 Earl of Thanet, and was mother of Thomas, sixth Earl of 
 Thanet, who died in 1721, and of Cicely, who married Chris- 
 topher, Lord Hatton. 
 
 lately repaired, and I came into this Pendragon Castle. And this was the 
 first time I was ever in Kettlewelldale or went Buckden Rakes or Stake by 
 Wensledale or Cotter, or any of those dangerous places wherein yet God 
 was pleased to preserve me in that journey." . . . . " The 9th of 
 December I removed from Appleby Castle unto Brougham Castle, in 
 Westmerland, where I continued to lie in the chamber where my father 
 was born, and my blessed mother died, till the nth of April following, and 
 I had not lain in this Brougham Castle in 37 years, in which long time I 
 passed through many and hard fortunes in the sea of this world, so as I may 
 well apply that saying to myself, Psa. 107 and 109, v. 27, 'That they may 
 know that this is Thy hand, that thou Lord hast done it.' And the 
 repairing this Brougham Castle which had lain as it were ruinous and 
 desolate ever since King James his lying in it in 161 7, till I made it lately 
 habitable, which causeth me now to apply that saying in Isa., c. 58, v. 12, 
 ' And they that shall be of thee shall build the old waste places, thou shalt 
 raise up the foundations of many generations, and thou shalt be called the 
 Repairer of the Breach, the Restorer of Paths to dwell in." 
 
 Sir Christopher Metcalfe, of Nappa, married the Lady Elizabeth Clifford, 
 daughter of Henry, first Earl of Cumberland and eleventh Baron de Clifford, 
 great-aunt to the writer of the diary, hence the mention of Thomas Met- 
 calfe, of Nappa, as her cousin. The Lady Katherine, eldest sister of the 
 wife of Sir Christopher Metcalfe, married John, eighth Lord Scrope, of 
 Bolton Castle, four miles distant from Nappa. By this marriage, the 
 Metcalfes of Nappa derived their royal descents : — I. From Lionel Plan- 
 tagenet, Duke of Clarence, third son of King Edward III. 2. From John 
 of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, fourth son of King Edward III. 3. From 
 the Lady Mary Plantagenet, daughter of Henry, Earl of Lancaster, grand- 
 son of King Henry III. 4. From William, Earl of Arques and Thoulouse 
 (uncle of William the Conqueror), third son of Richard, fourth Duke of 
 Normandy. 
 
Royal Descent. 25 
 
 A. — From Thomas, sixth Earl of Thane t, there are two 
 lines of descendants : 
 
 1 . Those of his daughter Catherine, who married Edward, 
 Viscount Sondes, in 1 708. These include the present Lord 
 de Clifford (who inherits his barony by this line), the present 
 Earls of Albemarle and Leicester, and Sir Archibald Mac- 
 donald, Bart. 
 
 2. Those of his daughter Anne, who married James, 
 fifth Earl of Salisbury, in 1709. Among these are the 
 present Marquess of Salisbury (who, consequently, is 
 one of the co-heirs to the Barony of Ogle), and Lord 
 Greville. 
 
 B. From Cicely, Lady Hatton, we have the descendants of 
 her daughter Anne, who married Daniel, second Earl of 
 Nottingham and sixth of Winchilsea, and was mother of 
 twelve children, of whom the posterity of four (at least) are 
 now living, viz.: 
 
 1. The Hon. William Finch, M.P., from whose daughter 
 the present Earl of Mount- Edgcumbe is descended. 
 
 2. The Hon. Edward Finch-Hatton, forefather of the 
 present Earl of Winchilsea and Nottingham. 
 
 3. Lady Charlotte Finch, who was the second wife of 
 the sixth Duke of Somerset. Her elder daughter, Frances, 
 married the famous Marquess of Granby, and from her 
 descends the present Duke of Rutland, the Marquess 
 of Bristol, the Earls of Carnarvon and Londesborough, 
 Lord Lamington, and the heirs-apparent of Earl De la Warr 
 and the Earl of Bradford. 
 
 The younger daughter of Charlotte, Duchess of Somerset, 
 
26 Royal Descent. 
 
 married the third Earl of Aylesford, and was ancestress 
 of the present Earls of Aylesford and Dartmouth, and Lord 
 Bagot. 
 
 4. Lady Mary Finch. She married the first Marquess of 
 Rockingham, and her daughter, Lady Anne Wentworth, 
 married the first Earl Fitzwilliam in 1744, and among her 
 descendants are the present Earl Fitzwilliam, the Earl of 
 Zetland, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, his brother, the Hon. 
 John Charles Dundas, and others. 
 
 II. Descendants of Francis, fourth Earl of 
 Cumberland. 
 
 His son, the fifth and last Earl, had an only child, 
 Elizabeth, married, in 1635, to Richard Boyle, second Earl 
 of Cork. From three of their children there are descendants 
 now living. 
 
 1 . Charles > Lord Clifford^ their son (who died in his father's 
 lifetime) was grandfather of Richard, fourth Earl of Cork 
 (and third Earl of Burlington), and of his two sisters, Lady 
 Bedingfield and the Countess of Shannon. From the fourth 
 Earl of Cork, who was Pope's friend and died in 1753, are 
 descended the present Dukes of Devonshire, Portland, Leinster, 
 and Sutherland, the Earl of Carlisle, Earl Granville, the Earl 
 of Cromartie, Viscount Clifden, Lord Howard-de-Walden, 
 Lord Chesham, and the heirs-apparent of the Dukes of Argyll 
 and Westminster, the Marquess of Ailsa, the Earl of Cawdor, 
 and Lord Blantyre. 
 
 From Lady Bedingfield the present Lords Petre and 
 Clifford are descended. 
 
Royal Descent. 27 
 
 From her sister, the Countess of Shannon, are descended 
 the present Earls of Shannon, Bandon, Belmore, Carrick and 
 Clancarty, Viscount Mountgarret, Lord de Ros, and the heirs 
 of Earl Cowley and Lord Massy. 
 
 2. Lady Anne Boyle, fourth daughter of the second Earl 
 of Cork and his Countess, married Edward Montagu, second 
 Earl of Sandwich, and the present Earl of Sandwich is her 
 descendant. 
 
 3. Her sister, Lady Henrietta Boyle, married Lawrence 
 Hyde, Earl of Rochester, and her daughter Henrietta married 
 James, Earl of Dalkeith (son of the Duke of Monmouth and 
 Buccleuch). Among her descendants are the present Duke 
 of Buccleuch, the Earl of Home, the Earls of Romney and 
 Courtown, Lords Clinton and Montagu, and the heir-apparent 
 of the Marquess of Lothian. 
 
 III. Descendants of Margaret Clifford. 
 
 This lady married the fourth Earl of Derby, and was 
 mother of the fifth and sixth Earls. 
 
 A. Ferdinando, fifth Earl of Derby, was father of — 
 
 1. Frances, wife of John, first Earl of Bridgewater; and 
 
 2. Elizabeth, wife of Henry, fifth earl of Huntingdon. 
 We will take the descendants of these in order. 
 
 1. Lady Bridgewater, from whom there are three lines of 
 descendants. 
 
 (a.) Her son, the second Earl, who died in 1686, was 
 grandfather of the first Duke of Bridgewater, who was 
 maternal grandfather of the first Duke of Sutherland. 
 
28 Royal Descent. 
 
 The son and successor of the last-named Duke married 
 Lady Harriet Howard, a descendant of the fourth Earl of 
 Cork ; and his descendants have already been named among 
 those of Lord Cork. They comprise the Dukes of Sutherland 
 and Leinster, the Earl of Cromartie, and the heirs-apparent 
 of the Dukes of Argyll and Westminster, of the Marquess 
 of Ailsa, and Lord Blantyre. 
 
 Besides these, the following are descended from the 
 second Earl of Bridgewater, through the first Duke of 
 Sutherland : — the Dukes of Norfolk, Sutherland, Leinster, 
 and Westminster, the Earls of Macclesfield, Ellesmere, 
 Strafford, and Cromartie, Lords Foley, Howard of Glossop, 
 and Stalbridge, and the heir-apparent of Lord Leigh. 
 
 From the Countess of Jersey, daughter of the first Duke of 
 Bridgewater, spring the following peers : — The Duke of 
 Richmond, the Marquesses of Anglesey and Conyngham, the 
 Earls of Jersey, Strafford, and Durham, Viscount Downe, and 
 Lords Crofton and Templemore. 
 
 The present Earl Brownlow traces his descent from the 
 third Earl of Bridgewater (the second Earl's son), through 
 the two Bishops Egerton, father and son ; the former of 
 whom, Bishop of Hereford, was the third Earl's son, while 
 the latter, Bishop of Durham, was father of the eighth and 
 last Earl and maternal grandfather of Sophia, Lady Brownlow, 
 the grandmother of Earl Brownlow. 
 
 Lastly, from a younger son of the second Earl of Bridge- 
 water is descended Lord Egerton of Tatton, through a Miss 
 Egerton, who married a Mr. Tatton. s 
 
 (£.) The Countess of Bridge water's daughter, the Coun- 
 
Royal Descent. 29 
 
 tess of Exeter, was mother of the fourth Earl of Exeter, 
 who died in 1688, and who was an ancestor of the present 
 Dukes of Bedford and Buccleuch, the Marquesses of Exeter 
 and Bath, the Earls of Bradford, Cawdor, Cork, Desart, 
 Harewood, and Russell, and Lords Windsor, Ampthill, and 
 Montagu. Most of these derive their descent through Lady 
 Lucy Boyle, daughter of the fifth Earl of Cork (whose 
 mother, the Countess of Orrery, was the fifth Earl of Exeter's 
 daughter). Lady Lucy married the fourth Viscount Tor- 
 rington, in 1765. 
 
 From the same Countess of Exeter, through her daughter, 
 the first Countess of Shaftesbury, the present Earl of Shaftes- 
 bury is descended, and also Lord de Mauley. 
 
 (c.) We now come to the issue of Lady Herbert of Chir- 
 bury, another daughter of Frances, Countess of Bridgewater. 
 Her husband was George Herbert's * nephew. Her daughter 
 Florence married her third cousin, Richard Herbert, and their 
 grandson was created Earl of Powis in 1748. His daughter 
 married the second Lord Clive, who, on her account, was 
 created Earl of Powis in 1804, when the former Earldom had 
 expired. From them the present Earl and his cousin, Lord 
 Windsor, are descended. 
 
 1. Elizabeth, Countess of Huntingdon, daughter, as men- 
 tioned above, of Ferdinando, fifth Earl of Derby, does not 
 appear to have left as large a progeny as her sister, Lady 
 Bridgewater ; at any rate, far fewer titled families have sprung 
 from her. These trace their descent through the ninth Earl, 
 whose wife was the celebrated " Selina, Countess of Hunting- 
 1 Author of " The Church Porch," and Public Orator of Cambridge. 
 
30 Royal Descent. 
 
 don." Their daughter married the first Earl of Moira, and 
 was ancestress of the Duke of Bedford, the Marquess of Bute, 
 the Earls of Loudoun and Granard, and Lords Ampthill and 
 Grey de Ruthyn ; also of the Duke of Norfolk's heir- 
 apparent. 
 
 B. William, sixth Earl of Derby (younger son of the Lady 
 Margaret Clifford, of whose posterity we are now treating), 
 was father of James, the seventh Earl, who was beheaded by 
 the Roundheads, after the battle of Worcester, 165 1, and 
 whose daughter married the first Marquess of Athole, and 
 had, besides others, three sons, from whom descendants are 
 now living, viz. : 
 
 1. John, first Duke of Athole. 
 
 2. Lord Charles Murray, created Earl of Dunmore. 
 
 3. Lord William Murray, who succeeded his father-in-law, 
 
 the first Lord Nairne, in the Barony of Nairne. 
 
 Taking these in order : 
 
 1. From the first Duke of Athole are descended the pre- 
 sent Dukes of Athole, Richmond, Manchester, and Abercorn, 
 the Marquesses of Tweeddale and Camden, the Earls of 
 Aberdeen, Durham, Lichfield, and St. Germans, Viscount 
 Strathallan, and Lords De Ros, Walsingham, Braybrooke, 
 and Fitzhardinge ; also the heirs-apparent of the Dukes of 
 Buccleuch and Marlborough, the Marquess of Lansdowne, 
 and the Earls of Mount Edgcumbe and Winterton. Many 
 of these trace through the first Duke of Athole's daughter 
 Susan, Countess of Aberdeen, and her daughter Catherine, 
 Duchess of Gordon, whose son, Alexander, fourth Duke of 
 
Royal Descent. 31 
 
 Gordon, was father of three Duchesses and of Louisa, 
 Marchioness Cornwallis. 
 
 2. From the first Earl of Dunmore (chiefly through his 
 daughter, the Countess of Dundonald, and her daughters, the 
 Duchess of Hamilton and the Countess of Galloway), the 
 following are descended : — The Dukes # of Hamilton, New- 
 castle, Somerset, Beaufort, and Marlborough, the Marquesses 
 of Huntly and Camden, the Earls of Dunmore, Derby, 
 Galloway, Granville, Harrowby, Fortescue, and St. Germans, 
 and Lords Templemore and Bateman ; x also the heirs- 
 apparent of the Duke of Montrose and the Earl of Kinnoul. 
 Among commoners may be mentioned Sir Wilfrid Lawson 
 and Sir Frederick Graham ; for Lady Catherine, the grand- 
 mother of these Baronets, was a daughter of the seventh Earl 
 of Galloway, son of the Countess mentioned above. 
 
 Some of the noble families just mentioned are descended in 
 two ways from the first Earl of Dunmore ; and the present 
 Lord Dunmore in three ways, the fourth and fifth Earls 
 having each married a cousin. 
 
 3. The second Lord Nairne was an ancestor of the 
 
 1 Lords Templemore and Bateman have another Royal Descent through 
 their grandfather, Lord Spencer Chichester, grandson of the fifth Duke of 
 Hamilton by his third wife ; for this Duke's grandmother, Anne, Duchess 
 of Hamilton in her own right, was sixth in descent from Sir James 
 Hamilton, created Lord Hamilton, 1445, and his wife, the Princess Mary, 
 daughter of James II., whose mother, Queen Joan (Beaufort), was grand- 
 daughter of John of Gaunt. From the same Princess Mary descend 
 {through males exclusively) the Duke of Abercorn, Viscount Boyne, Sir 
 Charles J. J. Hamilton, Bart., C.B., and Sir Edward A. Hamilton, Bart.; 
 also (through their mothers) the Earls of Durham and Lichfield ; while 
 from the Duchess Anne's youngest son the Earl of Orkney is descended. 
 
32 v Royal Descent. 
 
 Marquess of Lansdowne, the Earl of Dunmore, Viscount 
 Strathallan, Lord Lamington, and the Baroness Nairne 
 (Dowager Marchioness of Lansdowne) ; also of the heirs- 
 apparent of the Duke of Northumberland and Earl De La 
 Warr, through the Drummonds of the House of Strathallan. 
 
 We have now concluded the task we had proposed to our- 
 selves, of tracing the various lines springing from one only of 
 the many descendants of Edward III., who were living at the 
 beginning of the sixteenth century, viz., the Lady Margaret 
 Percy, who was eight generations below that monarch. 
 Without pretending to have exhausted the subject, for recent 
 books of reference have been consulted but little; we have, 
 nevertheless, discovered that from one particular descendant 
 of Edward III., arbitrarily chosen, in the eighth generation 
 from him, there are lineally descended no less than one hundred 
 and three peers now living, viz., seventeen Dukes, ten 
 Marquesses, forty-six Earls, four Viscounts, and twenty-six 
 Barons (including one Baroness in her own right). It will be 
 observed moreover, that many of these are descended from 
 Lady Margaret Percy in more than one way ; Lord Dunmore, 
 for instance, being descended in four different ways from the 
 first Marchioness of Athole, a descendant in the fifth genera- 
 tion from Lady Margaret. 
 
 If the number of titled persons who can trace their descent 
 from Edward III. by this particular line, is so large, it is 
 probable that the number of untitled persons who might do 
 the same if they possessed sufficient information, is exceed- 
 ingly larger, and that therefore the whole number of Edward 
 III.'s descendants now alive, is many thousands. 
 
Royal Descent. 33 
 
 Of all these there is one branch whose descent is decidedly- 
 superior to all others, viz., the descendants of Henry VII. and 
 his Queen, the daughter of Edward IV. Not, indeed, that 
 they are likely to value Henry VII. as an ancestor, seeing 
 that that King de faflo, had no pedigree of his own which 
 would bear investigation, either on the father's or mother's 
 side : but Edward IV. was King de jure, and all his de- 
 scendants are nearer to the throne than other descendants of 
 Edward III. 
 
 It is to be observed also that, since Edward IV. was 
 descended from two sons of Edward III., all his progeny 
 claim a double descent from the last-named monarch. 
 Besides the descendants of the Stuarts, more than a hundred 
 peers enjoy this twofold Royal Descent through Edward IV. 
 
 They trace through two daughters of the Princess Mary, 
 Henry VII.'s daughter, who first married Louis XII. of France, 
 and afterwards became the wife of Charles Brandon, Duke of 
 Suffolk. 
 
 Eleanor, the younger of these two daughters, married 
 Henry, second Earl of Cumberland, and had an only child, 
 Lady Margaret Clifford, whose descendants we have inves- 
 tigated above, in the third and last main division of the 
 descendants of Lady Margaret Percy. The third and fourth 
 Earls of Cumberland were her half-brothers, sons of the 
 second Earl by his second wife. It must therefore be borne 
 in mind that all those families who have already been shown 
 to be descended from Edward III. through Lady Margaret 
 Clifford, have two other descents from the same king, which 
 are superior to the former. 
 
 D 
 
34 Royal Descent. 
 
 Thus, for instance, it appears already that the present 
 Earl of Dunmore is descended in at least twelve different 
 ways from Edward III., eight of these being through 
 Edward IV. 
 
 The elder daughter of Queen Mary, Duchess of Suffolk, 
 was Frances, Marchioness of Dorset, mother of Lady Jane 
 Grey and of one daughter who left issue ; viz., Katherine, 
 wife of Edward, Earl of Hertford. This Katherine had one 
 child who left issue, viz., Edward, Lord Beauchamp, who died 
 before his father, leaving (besides a son whose issue is extinct) 
 
 i. William, restored in 1660 as second Duke of Somerset. 
 
 2. Francis, Lord Seymour of Trowbridge. 
 
 Tracing the descendants of these two brothers separately, 
 we find that 
 
 I. William, second Duke of Somerset 
 had three children who left issue. One of these was the wife 
 of Charles, Lord Clifford, son of the second Earl of Cork ; 
 and her progeny have been given among the descendants of 
 Francis, fourth Earl of Cumberland. Her brother and elder 
 sister were — 
 
 A. Henry > Lord Beauchamp. 
 
 B. Mary, second wife of the second Earl of Winchilsea. 
 
 A. Lord Beauchamp' s only child who left issue married the 
 second Earl of Ailesbury, and was mother of 
 
 1. Charles, third Earl of Ailesbury, who died in 1747. 
 
 2. Elizabeth, Countess of Cardigan. 
 
 1. Charles, third Earl of Ailesbury, had only two grand- 
 children, the son and daughter of his daughter, the 
 
Royal Descent \ 35 
 
 Duchess of Chandos; viz., James, third Duke of 
 Chandos, and Lady Caroline Leigh. 
 The representative of the former, who is therefore nearest 
 to the Crown of all descendants of the Plantagenets, next after 
 the descendants of James L, is the Baroness Kinloss, whose 
 great-grandmother, the first Duchess of Buckingham, was the 
 only daughter of the third Duke of Chandos. 
 
 Next to Lady Kinloss and the other descendants of the 
 late Duke of Buckingham would come Earl Temple and the 
 Duke's other nephews and nieces ; and then the descendants 
 of Lady Caroline Leigh, the chief of whom is Lord Leigh. 
 The heir-apparent of Lord Norton belongs also to this branch. 
 After these, the nearest to the Crown would be the 
 descendants of 
 
 2. Elizabeth, wife of the third Earl of Cardigan. Three 
 
 of her children left issue. 
 (a.) Her eldest son, created Duke of Montagu, was an 
 ancestor of the present Duke of Buccleuch, the Earls 
 of Romney, Courtown and Home, Lords Clinton and 
 Montagu, and the heir of the Marquess of Lothian. 
 (£.) Her third son, Robert, was father of the sixth Earl of 
 Cardigan, from whom spring the Earls of Lucan and 
 Howe, and Lord Alington. 
 (c.) Her youngest son, Thomas, was grandfather of the 
 late Marquess of Ailesbury, who was grandfather to 
 the present Marquess and to the Earl of Listowel's 
 heir. 
 Having traced the descendants of Henry Lord Beauchamp, 
 we come to those of his sister, 
 
36 Royal Descent. 
 
 B. Mary j Countess of Winchilsea. 
 
 Her daughter, the first Viscountess Weymouth, was grand- 
 mother to Frances, wife of Algernon, seventh Duke of 
 Somerset, and her sister Mary, Lady Brooke ; and also to 
 their cousin Frances, wife of John Carteret, Earl Granville. 
 
 1 . From Frances, Duchess of Somerset, descend the present 
 Dukes of Northumberland and Athole, the Earl of 
 Ashburnham, Earl Amherst and Lord Hatherton. These 
 all trace through the first Duchess of Northumberland, 
 who was the Duchess of Somerset's daughter. 
 
 2. From Lady Brooke, through her son and grandson, the 
 first and second Earls Brooke, the following are descended: — 
 the Earls of Warwick, Aylesford, Dartmouth and Clonmell, 
 and Lords Mostyn and Greville. 
 
 3. Frances Worsley, first wife of John Carteret, Earl 
 of Granville, was the mother of Viscountess Weymouth and 
 Lady Georgiana Spencer. From the former, through her 
 son the first Marquess of Bath, the present Marquess is 
 descended, with the Duke of Buccleuch, the Earls of 
 Carnarvon, Cawdor, and Harewood, and Lord Montagu. 
 From the latter, through her only son, the first Earl Spencer, 
 are sprung the Dukes of Devonshire and Sutherland, the Earls 
 of Carlisle, Bessborough, Spencer and Granville, Viscounts 
 Cobham and Clifden, and Lord De Mauley. 
 
 Next to these and the other descendants of Mary, 
 Countess of Winchilsea, would rank, in nearness to the 
 Royal Family, those of her younger sister, the wife of 
 Charles, Lord Clifford, who, as was said just now, have 
 
Royal Descent, 37 
 
 already been enumerated among the progeny of the fourth 
 Earl of Cumberland. After these come the descendants of — 
 
 II. Francis, Lord Seymour of Trowbridge. 
 
 Several of those who belong to this branch have been 
 named already; for they trace through his grandson, the 
 sixth Duke of Somerset, whose issue by his second wife, 
 Lady Charlotte Finch, were given in the second branch of 
 the descendants of her ancestor George, third Earl of Cum- 
 berland. The children of the Duke by his first wife were — 
 
 A. Algernon, seventh Duke — whose descendants were 
 named above, being the first branch of those of his wife's 
 great-grandmother, Mary, Countess of Winchilsea, and 
 
 B. Lady Catherine Seymour, who married Sir W. Wynd- 
 ham, and was mother of — 
 
 1 . Charles, second Earl of Egremont. 
 
 2. Elizabeth, wife of the Right Hon. G. Grenville. 
 
 1. The second Earl of Egremont was a forefather of the 
 Earls of Carnarvon, Ducie, Denbigh, Portsmouth, and 
 Romney. 
 
 2. Mrs. Grenville was mother of — 
 
 (a.) The first Marquess of Buckingham, forefather of 
 Earl Temple and Lady Kinloss. 
 
 (£.) Countess Fortescue, from whom spring the Earls of 
 
 Fortescue, Lovelace, and Portsmouth, and LordWent- 
 
 worth. 
 (<:.) Lady Braybrooke, ancestress of Viscount Cobham, 
 
 Lords Braybrooke and Wenlock, and of the children 
 
 of the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone. 
 
38 Royal Descent. 
 
 We must repeat that we cannot vouch for the above being 
 an exhaustive list, even of peers, who are descended from 
 Henry VII. : for it is quite possible that some who have not 
 been named, can trace through various commoners, of whom 
 there is no record in Burke. But so far as we can learn from 
 that eminent Genealogist, our list is fairly complete ; and it 
 comprises one hundred and sixteen peers, and two peeresses. 
 About sixty of these are also descended from Edward III., 
 through Lady Margaret Clifford and her ancestors the Percys ; 
 and several from her brothers, the third and fourth Earls of 
 Cumberland. In fact, there are few, if any, who cannot 
 trace their Royal Descent in at least three ways. 
 
 One commoner tracing his descent from King Edward III., 
 through Lady Elizabeth Percy, daughter of Henry, third Earl 
 of Northumberland, also from the same monarch through 
 Lady Elizabeth Neville, granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 
 Duke of Lancaster, and from King Henry III., through 
 Mary Plantagenet, daughter of Henry, Earl of Lancaster, 
 must not be omitted, as he is by right the premier Earl in 
 England, being heir male of Sir William le Scrope, created 
 Earl of Wiltes by King Richard II., in 1398. We allude to 
 Simon Thomas Scrope, of Danby-on-Yore, in the County of 
 York., Esquire, the lineal descendant of the ancient Lords 
 Scrope of Bolton Castle in Wensleydale, Yorkshire, who, but 
 for an illogical decision of a Committee of Privileges given in 
 defiance of the clearest evidence and the protests of eminent 
 genealogists and jurists, and of a large number of the peers 
 themselves, should now sit in the House of Lords as twentieth 
 Earl of Wiltes. Sir William le Scrope, K.G., the Lord 
 
Royal Descent. 39 
 
 Treasurer, Earl of Wiltes, and King of the Isle of Man, to 
 whom, and to his heirs male for ever, the grant of the Earldom 
 of Wiltes was made, defended Bristol Castle for his lawful 
 sovereign King Richard II., was taken prisoner by the 
 successful usurper and rebel Henry of Bolingbroke, after- 
 wards Henry IV., and, without so much as the pretence 
 of a trial, put to death. Lord Macaulay, referring to similar 
 proceedings in the past, justly observes in one of his essays, 
 that even a state trial " was merely a murder preceded by 
 the uttering of certain gibberish and the performance of 
 certain mummeries." As neatly expressed in the well-known 
 Jacobite epigram : 
 
 " Treason doth never prosper — What 's the reason ? 
 Why, when it prospers, none dare call it treason ! " 
 
 And the treason of Henry of Bolingbroke against his 
 sovereign and kinsman Richard II., having prospered, the 
 heirs of Sir William le Scrope, Earl of Wiltes, dared not 
 claim a dignity forfeited through the loyalty of their kinsman 
 to his, and their, lawful King. 
 
 At a time when the ranks of the peerage are being filled 
 with new men it may be a satisfaction to the undoubted 
 inheritor of an ancient dignity and of a name distinguished 
 in history during a period of many centuries, as well as to 
 many an untitled gentleman of ancient lineage, to call to 
 mind the sneering comment of a wit of the time of King 
 James I., on the profuse and indiscriminate bestowal of the 
 honours of the baronetcy and of knighthood on all sorts and 
 conditions of men by that monarch when he ascended the 
 
4o Royal Descent, 
 
 English throne, that " Knights were becoming so numerous it 
 would soon be hard to find a Gentleman? 
 
 To return from this digression. It would appear that in 
 some of our "most noble" families three lines of descent 
 from the Plantagenets would be held of little account. So 
 many separate streams of the regum sanguis have met in some 
 members of our aristocracy, that they could lay claim in dozens 
 of ways to the distinction of being atavis editi regibus. Even 
 among some untitled families is this the case, in proof of 
 which we may cite the Metcalfes, whose descent from King 
 Edward III., we have already given, who can trace six other 
 Royal Descents, namely : 
 
 i st. From Rollo (the Ganger), Duke of Normandy and 
 William the Conqueror, through the family of Talbot of 
 Bashall and Thorneton-le-Street, co. York, and Gerard de 
 Gournay, the Crusader, Lord of Gournay in Normandy, 
 who married Edith de Warren, daughter of Earl Warren by 
 Gundreda, daughter of the Conqueror. 
 
 2nd. From Lady Mary Plantagenet, daughter of Henry, 
 Earl of Lancaster, grandson of King Henry III., through the 
 families of Marwood, Bethell, Slingsby, and Percy (Earls of 
 Northumberland). 
 
 3rd. From Lionel Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, third 
 son of King Edward III., through the families of Marwood, 
 Bethell, Slingsby, Harbottle (of Beamish, Durham), Percy, 
 and Mortimer (Earl of March). 
 
 4th. From John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, fourth son of 
 King Edward III., through the families of Marwood, Bethell, 
 Slingsby, Percy and Neville (Earl of Westmoreland). 
 
Royal Descent. 41 
 
 5th. From King Edward L, through the families of Smelt, 
 Cay ley, St. Quintin, Hastings, Le Despencer (Baron Le 
 Despencer), and de Clare (Earl of Gloucester and Hereford). 
 
 6th. From Llewelyn the Great, Prince of North Wales, 
 and his wife Joan, natural daughter of John, King of 
 England, through the families of Smelt, Cayley, St. Quintin, 
 Hastings, Morley (Baron Morley), de la Pole (Earl of 
 Suffolk), Stafford (Earl of Stafford), Beauchamp (Earl of 
 Warwick), and Mortimer (Earl of March and Lord of 
 Wigmore). 
 
 Another branch of the Metcalfe family — the Metcalfes of 
 Hawstead House, near Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, — can 
 also show several Royal Descents, namely : 
 
 1 st. From Thomas Plantagenet, surnamed de Brotherton, 
 Earl of Norfolk, son of King Edward I., through the 
 families of Astley, Wodehouse, Cotton, Howard (Duke 
 of Norfolk), Mowbray (Duke of Norfolk), and Segrave 
 (Baron Segrave). 
 
 2nd. From Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, son of 
 King Edward III., through the families of Astley, Wode- 
 house, Cotton, Howard (Duke of Norfolk), Percy (Earl of 
 Northumberland), and Mortimer (Earl of March). 
 
 3rd. From John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and King 
 of Castile and Leon, son of King Edward III., through the 
 families of Astley, Wodehouse, Cotton, Howard, Stafford 
 (Duke of Buckingham), Beaufort (Duke of Somerset), and 
 Neville (Earl of Westmoreland). 
 
 4th. From Thomas Plantagenet, of Woodstock, Earl of 
 Buckingham and Duke of Gloucester, son of King Edward 
 
4,2 Royal Descent, 
 
 III., through the families of Astley, Wodehouse, Cotton, 
 Howard and Stafford. 
 
 One other instance will suffice. 
 
 Let the symbols D (2), D (3), etc., represent persons 
 descended in two, three, etc., ways, respectively, from King 
 Edward III. The third Earl of Northumberland was 
 descended from Edward III. both through his own mother, 
 Eleanor Beaufort, and through his father's mother, Elizabeth 
 Mortimer, wife of Hotspur. Hence, this third Earl, and 
 his grandson, the fifth Earl, were D (2). The latter's wife 
 was a D (1), through her mother, Eleanor Beaufort, and so 
 their children, Sir Thomas Percy and Margaret, first Countess 
 of Cumberland, were each D (3). Sir T. Percy married his 
 cousin, a D (2), being a descendant of the second Earl. 
 Therefore, their grandson, the ninth Earl, was D (5). But 
 this Earl married Dorothy Devereux, who, with her brother, 
 the Earl of Essex, Queen Elizabeth's favourite, was also 
 a D (5), since their grandfather, Sir R. Devereux, was 
 descended from three sons of Edward III., and his wife, Lady 
 Dorothy Hastings, from two. Therefore, the children of 
 the ninth Earl of Northumberland were D (10). From one 
 of these the fifth Earl of Carlisle was descended, and from 
 another (mother of Waller's " Sacharissa "), the Hon. John 
 Spencer, who married another D (10), Lady Georgiana 
 Carteret, descended from the second Duke of Somerset, a 
 D (5) (for his grandmother was a sister of Lady Jane Grey, 
 and therefore descended from Henry VII. and Edward IV.), 
 and his Duchess, the daughter of Essex. 
 
 Hence, Lady Georgiana Spencer, granddaughter of the 
 
Royal Descent. 43 
 
 Hon. John and his wife, was D (20). This was the 
 celebrated Duchess of Devonshire : and her husband, the fifth 
 Duke, was a D ( 1 4), tracing through the first Earl of Cumber- 
 land (a descendant of Hotspur and his wife), and his wife, 
 mentioned above as a D (3), and also through the above- 
 named second Duke of Somerset and his wife. Consequently, 
 Lady Georgiana Cavendish, daughter of the fifth Duke of 
 Devonshire, was D (34). She married the sixth Earl of 
 Carlisle, who was a D (21), since his father, the fifth Earl, 
 as shown above, was D (10), and his mother, Lady M. C. 
 Gower, was a D (11), descended, through Gowers and 
 Manners, from Edward IV.'s sister, and also, through the 
 Earls of Bridgewater, from Margaret, Countess of Derby, a 
 D (8), daughter of the second Earl of Cumberland, by 
 Eleanor Brandon, granddaughter of Henry VII. Each child, 
 therefore, of the sixth Earl of Carlisle was a D (55). One 
 of these married her father's first cousin, the second Duke of 
 Sutherland, who had eleven Royal Descents through his 
 father (brother of Lady M. C. Gower), and at least one 
 (probably many more) through his mother, a descendant, 
 through the Earls of Sutherland, of James I. of Scotland and 
 his wife, Joan Beaufort. Consequently, the late Duchess of 
 Westminster, daughter of the second Duke of Sutherland, 
 was a D (67). The Duke of Westminster is a D (12), 
 being a nephew of the Duke just mentioned. Hence, the 
 late Earl Grosvenor was a D (79). 
 
 In like manner it may be shown that the Countess 
 Grosvenor is a D (47), for her grandfather, Mr. A. R. 
 Drummond, was descended, through Drummonds and 
 
44 Royal Descent, 
 
 Stanleys, from the above-mentioned second Earl of Cumber- 
 land and his wife, Eleanor Brandon, and was, therefore, a 
 D (8); while Mr. Drummond's wife, Lady Elizabeth 
 Manners, was a D (39), her mother being a sister of the 
 sixth Earl of Carlisle, D (21), and her father, the fifth Duke 
 of Rutland, a D (18), through three of his grandparents, 
 viz., (a) the fourth Duke of Beaufort, a D (6), who traced 
 through the second Earl of Huntingdon, a D (2), and 
 Catherine Pole, great-granddaughter of George, Duke of 
 Clarence, a D (3), and his wife, a descendant of Joan 
 Beaufort, daughter of John of Gaunt; (b) the celebrated 
 Marquess of Granby, a D (3), descended from Edward IV.'s 
 sister ; and (c) Lady Frances Seymour, a D (9), whose 
 father, the " proud " Duke of Somerset, was descended from 
 Frances Brandon, a D (4), and also, through the Bourchier 
 family, from Edward III.'s youngest son; while her mother, 
 the Duchess of Somerset, was a descendant, through Ladies 
 Winchilsea, Hatton, Thanet, and Dorset, of the second Earl 
 of Cumberland, a D (4), as mentioned above, by his other 
 wife {not Eleanor Brandon). 
 
 We have shown, then, that the parents of Viscount Belgrave, 
 the grandson and heir of His Grace the Duke of West- 
 minster, were respectively a D (79) and a D (47). It follows 
 that Lord Belgrave is descended in no less than one hundred 
 and twenty-six legitimate ways from King Edward III. 
 
 It would be interesting to know whether any English 
 persons can claim a larger share than this of Plantagenet 
 blood. From the scantiness of the records, from which we 
 have discovered, with but little trouble, that the late Earl 
 
Royal Descent, 45 
 
 Grosvenor's children have so many different claims to Royal 
 Descent, we should not be surprised to hear that they, or 
 other members of our cc Upper Ten," can claim in double 
 that number of ways. 
 
 There are foreign princes who have even more lines of 
 descent from Edward III. The Duke of Parma, as was 
 said on p. 10, has at least twenty-one descents from James I. 
 So also had the late King of Spain. But James I. was a 
 D (9), being doubly descended (i.e., by both her marriages) 
 from Queen Margaret of Scotland, daughter of Henry VII., 
 a D (1), and Elizabeth of York, a D (3), and also having a 
 descent from Joan Beaufort, Queen of James I. of Scotland, 
 and granddaughter of John of Gaunt. Hence the Duke of 
 Parma is a D (189), and so was Alphonso XII. The present 
 King of Spain has not only these 189 lines of descent, but 
 many more through his mother, an Austrian Archduchess, 
 descended from James I. through the Emperor Francis I., 
 and probably in several other ways. 
 
 And when it is remembered that the number of different 
 lines of descent, or rather, ascent, which can be formed from 
 a person to his ancestors of the eighteenth generation, is 
 262,144, it does not seem so strange, as at first sight it 
 might appear, that Edward III. should figure in even 100 of 
 these lines. 
 
 Upon the question of the privileges to which persons 
 " with Royal Blood in their veins," may lay claim, we do 
 not propose to enter. They do not seem to affect anything 
 now but coats of arms ; though until some thirty years ago, 
 a member of Oxford or Cambridge, could, we believe, 
 
46 Royal Descent. 
 
 obtain a degree, jure dignitatis, on establishing his legitimate 
 descent from Royalty. Some years ago two Cambridge 
 undergraduates, each of whom was a lineal descendant 
 of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, with a better right, there- 
 fore, to the throne than any of the Lancastrian Henrys, 
 consulted the Registrary on this subject : but all they could 
 discover from that functionary was that certainly in his time 
 a man had received his degree (probably for a handsome 
 " consideration ") on account of being descended from a 
 certain " King Brent;" though who King Brent was, nobody 
 seemed to know. Now, however, the Registrary imagined, 
 the privilege was abolished. It was probably swept away, 
 about the year 1859, wnen many curious old University 
 statutes were repealed — among them, the law by which 
 undergraduates were forbidden "to play marbles in Senate 
 House Passage." It was poor consolation for our two young 
 descendants of the Plantagenets to discover that they had 
 exchanged the right to a degree with (genealogical) honours 
 for the right of sporting with " alley-taws " (we have not 
 Bardell v. Pickwick at hand, so our spelling may be wrong), 
 on ground where that exciting game had been for centuries 
 forbidden ! 
 
 The honour, however, quantum valeat, of claiming legiti- 
 mate descent from the Plantagenet Monarchs, is by no means 
 the monopoly of certain English families now living in 
 England. Our American " cousins" are cousins indeed in the 
 large " families," with which Genealogy is concerned, and, no 
 doubt, a goodly proportion of them are members of the vast 
 race which has sprung from Edward III. It is possible that 
 
Royal Descent. 47 
 
 comparatively few of these have been at the pains of pre- 
 serving the family records by which their Royal Descent 
 might be established : for the true citizen of the States, like 
 his undoubted ancestor, the " grand old gardener," is wont to 
 " smile at the claims of long descent." But be this as it may, 
 it cannot be doubted, when we consider the eminence of the 
 English families, scions of which have been settlers in the 
 Western Hemisphere at various periods during the past four 
 centuries, that, among the legions which have multiplied and 
 waxed strong in America, there are many thousands of 
 persons who, if they cared to do so, might boast with honest 
 pride that the blood of England's ancient kings was rolling in 
 their veins ! 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 (P. 2.) 
 
 The remarks in the text were written in 1880. The Duke of 
 Cumberland's children are no doubt styled "Prince George of 
 Cumberland," " Princess Alexandra of Cumberland," &c, &c. ; but 
 it must be noted that " Prince" and "Princess" here are Hanoverian^ 
 not English , terms. As grandchildren of a King of Hanover, princely 
 rank is by courtesy conceded to them. As English personages, they 
 have no Royal rank, but only the same rank as the children of ordinary 
 Dukes. By the same principle the title of " Princess " is accorded to 
 the daughter of the Duchess of Teck. She is a Princess of Wiirtem- 
 burg, through her father, but has no royal rank derived through her 
 mother. Indeed, her English rank is lower than that of Lady 
 Alexandra Duff, since the mother of the latter is the daughter of a 
 Prince of Wales, while Princess May's mother is the daughter of a 
 sovereign's younger son. Moreover, the rank " Serene Highness " 
 is not English, but foreign, rank. 
 
INDEX 
 
 (of Names of Persons now or lately living). 
 
 Abercorn, Duke of, 30, 31. 
 Aberdeen, Earl of, 30. 
 Ailesbury, Marquess of, 35. 
 Ailsa, Marquess of, 26, 28. 
 Albemarle, Earl of, 25. 
 "Alfred," 9. 
 Alington, Lord, 35. 
 Allen family, II. 
 Amherst, Earl, 36. 
 Ampthill, Lord, 29, 30. 
 Anglesey, Marquess of, 28. 
 Argyll, Duke of, 26, 28. 
 Armagh, Earl of, 2. 
 Ashburnham, Earl of, 36. 
 Athole, Duke of, 30, 36. , 
 Augusta of Croy Dulmen, 9. 
 Austria, Emperor of, 8. 
 Aylesford, Earl of, 26, 36. 
 
 Bagot, Lord, 26. 
 Ban don, Earl of, 27. 
 Baring-Gould, Rev. S., 16. 
 Bateman, Lord, 31. 
 Bath, Marquess of, 29, 36. 
 Bavaria, Prince Louis of, 6. 
 Princess Louis of, 6. 
 
 Bavaria, Prince Regent of, 6. 
 
 Prince Robert of, 6. 
 
 Beaufort, Duke of, 31. 
 Bedford, Duke of, 29, 30. 
 Belgrave, Viscount, 44. 
 Belmore, Earl of, 27. 
 Bessborough, Earl of, 36. 
 Blanchard family, 14. 
 Blantyre, Lord, 26, 28. 
 Boyne, Viscount, 31. 
 Bradford, Earl of, 25, 29. 
 Braybrooke, Lord, 30, 37. 
 Brazil, late Emperor of, 8. 
 Bristol, Marquess of, 25. 
 Brownlow, Earl, 28. 
 Buccleuch, Duke of, 27, 29, 30, 3 5, 36. 
 Buckingham, late Duke of, 35. 
 Bute, Marquess of, 30. 
 
 Cambridge, Duke of, 1, 3. 
 Camden, Marquess of, 30, 31. 
 Carlisle, Earl of, 26, 36. 
 Carlos, Don, 7. 
 
 Carnarvon, Earl of, 25, 36, 37. 
 Carrick, Earl of, 27. 
 Cawdor, Earl of, 26, 29, 36. 
 
5° 
 
 Royal Descent, 
 
 Cayley, Sir George A., Bart., 12. 
 Cayley, Professor, 1 2. 
 Chambord, Comte de, 6. 
 Chesham, Lord, 26. 
 Clancarty, Earl of, 27. 
 Clifden, Viscount, 26, 36. 
 Clifford, Lord, 26. 
 Clinton, Lord, 27, 35. 
 Clonmell, Earl of, 36. 
 Cobham, Viscount, 36, 37. 
 Conyngham, Marquess of, 28. 
 Cork, Earl of, 29. 
 Courtown, Earl of, 27, 35. 
 Cowley, Earl of, 27. 
 Cowper, Earl, 22. 
 Crofton, Lord, 28. 
 Cromartie, Earl of, 26, 28. 
 Cumberland, Duke of, 1, 2. 
 Currie family, II. 
 Cust, Archdeacon, 14. 
 
 Dartmouth, Earl of, 26, 36. 
 de Clifford, Lord, 25. 
 de la Warr, Earl, 25, 32. 
 de Mauley, Lord, 29, 36. 
 Denbigh, Earl of, 37. 
 Derby, Earl of, 31. 
 de Ros, Lord, 27, 30. 
 Desart, Earl of, 29. 
 Devonshire, Duke of, 26, 36. 
 Downe, Viscount, 28. 
 Ducie, Earl of, 37. 
 Dundas, Hon. John Charles, 26. 
 Dunmore, Earl of, 31, 32, 34. 
 Durham, Earl of, 28, 30, 31. 
 
 Egerton of Tatton, Lord, 28. 
 
 Ellesmere, Earl of, 28. 
 Exeter, Marquess of, 29. 
 
 Faber family, 14. 
 Festing family, 1 1. 
 Fitzhardinge, Lord, 30. 
 Fitzwilliam, Earl, 26. 
 Foley, Lord, 28. 
 Fortescue, Earl, 31, 37. 
 Frankland, Sir Frederick, Bart., 12. 
 Lady Payne-, 12. 
 
 Gardner, the late Lord, 14. 
 Galloway, Earl of, 31. 
 Gallwey, Sir Ralph Payne, Bart., 12. 
 Gladstone, Rt. Hon. W. E., 37. 
 Graham, Sir Frederick, Bart., 31. 
 Granard, Earl of, 30. 
 Granville, Earl, 26, 31, 36. 
 Greville, Lord, 25, 36. 
 Grey de Ruthyn, Lord, 30. 
 Grosvenor, the late Earl, 43. 
 Countess, 43. 
 
 Hamilton, Duke of, 31. 
 
 Sir Chas., Bt., 31. 
 
 Sir Edward, Bt., 31. 
 
 Hanover, the late King of, 1, 3. 
 Harewood, Earl of, 14, 29, 36. 
 Harrowby, Earl of, 31. 
 Hatherton, Lord, 36. 
 Henry V. of France, 6, 8. 
 Hitchcock family, 11. 
 Home, Earl of, 27, 35. 
 Howard de Walden, Lord, 26. 
 Howard of Glossop, Lord, 28. 
 Howe, Earl, 35. 
 
Index. 
 
 5 1 
 
 Huntly, Marquess of, 31. 
 Hutchinson family, if. 
 
 Italy, King of, 8. 
 
 Jersey, Earl of, 28. 
 
 Kennedy family, 1 1. 
 Kinloss, Baroness, 35, 37. 
 Kinnoul, Earl of, 31. 
 
 Lamington, Lord, 25, 32. 
 Lansdowne, Marquess of, 30, 32. 
 
 Dow. Marchioness of, 32. 
 
 Lascelles family, 14. 
 Lawson, Sir Wilfrid, Bart., 31. 
 Leeds, Duke of, 21. 
 Leicester, Earl of, 25. 
 Leigh, Lord, 28, 35. 
 Leinster, Duke of, 26, 28. 
 Lichfield, Earl of, 30, 31. 
 Listowel, Earl of, 35. 
 Londesborough, Earl of, 25. 
 Lothian, Marquess of, 27, 35. 
 Loudoun, Earl of, 30. 
 Lovelace, Earl of, 37. 
 Lucan, Earl of, 35. 
 
 Macclesfield, Earl of, 28. 
 Macdonald, Sir A., Bart., 25. 
 Manchester, Duke of, 30. 
 Marlborough, Duke of, 30. 
 Marwood family, 1 1 . 
 Massy, Lord, 27. 
 Metcalfe family, 1 1 . 
 Moberly, Canon, 12. 
 Modena, Duke of, 5. 
 
 Montagu of Beaulieu, Lord, 27, 29, 
 
 35, 36. 
 Montrose, Duke of, 31. 
 Mostyn, Lord, 36. 
 Mount-Edgcumbe, Earl of, 25, 30. 
 Mountgarret, Viscount, 27. 
 
 Nairne, Baroness, 32. 
 Naples, late King of, 6, 7, 8. 
 Newcastle, Duke of, 31. 
 Norfolk, Duke of, 28, 30. 
 Northumberland, Duke of, 1, 32, 36. 
 Norton, Lord, 35. 
 
 Ommanney family, 1 1 . 
 Orkney, Earl of, 31. 
 Orme family, 1 1 . 
 
 Parma, Duke of, 7, 10, 45. 
 Payne-Frankland, Lady, 12. 
 Payne-Gallwey, Sir Ralph, Bart., 12. 
 Petre, Lord, 26. 
 Portland, Duke of, 26. 
 Portsmouth, Earl of, 37. 
 Portugal, King of, 7, 8. 
 Powis, Earl, 29. 
 
 Raikes, the late Rt. Hon. H. Cecil, 12. 
 Richmond, Duke of, 28, 30. 
 Ripon, Marquess of, 22. 
 Romney, Earl of, 27, 35, 37. 
 Russell, Earl, 29. 
 Rutland, Duke of, 18, 25. 
 
 St. Germans, Earl of, 30, 31. 
 Salisbury, Marquess of, 25. 
 Sandwich, Earl of, 27. 
 
5 2 
 
 Royal Descent. 
 
 Saxony, King of, 7, 8, 9. 
 
 Scougall family, 1 1. 
 
 Scrope, Simon, Thomas, Esq., 38. 
 
 Shaftesbury, Earl of, 29. 
 
 Shannon, Earl of, 27. 
 
 Slingsby, thelate Sir Charles, Bart., 1 5. 
 
 Smelt family, 12. 
 
 Somerset, Duke of, 31. 
 
 Spain, King of, 7, 8, 45. 
 
 Spencer, Earl, 36. 
 
 Stalbridge, Lord, 28. 
 
 Strafford, Earl of, 28. 
 
 Strathallan, Viscount, 30, 32. 
 
 Sutherland, Duke of, 26, 28, 36. 
 
 late Duke of, 28, 43. 
 
 the late Harriet, Duchess 
 
 of, 28, 43. 
 Temple, Earl, 35, 37. 
 Templemore, Lord, 28, 31. 
 Tugwell family, 11. 
 Tweeddale, Marquess of, 30. 
 
 Van Straubenzee, Sir Charles, 14. 
 Victoria, Queen, 4, 9, 18, 19. 
 Vyner, Lady Mary, 22. 
 
 Walsingham, Lord, 12, 30. 
 Warde family, 1 1. 
 Warwick, Earl of, 36. 
 Wellington, Duke of, 1. 
 Wenlock, Lord, 37. 
 Wentworth, Lord, 37. 
 Westminster, Duke of, 26, 28, 43, 44. 
 Wilcox family, 1 1. 
 Winchilsea and Nottingham, Earl of, 
 
 2 5- 
 
 Windsor, Lord, 29. 
 
 Winterton, Earl of, 30. 
 
 Worsley, Sir William Cayley, Bart., 
 
 12. 
 Wynne-Finch family, 1 1 . 
 
 Zetland, Earl of, 26. • 
 
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ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. 
 
 Page 25. To the descendants of Lady Charlotte Finch through her 
 elder daughter, Frances, Lady Granby, add the Earl of Clancarty, Lord 
 Forester, and the Master of Colville. 
 
 Page 26. To the descendants of Charles, Lord Clifford, through the 
 Countess of Shannon, add Lord Rowton. 
 
 Page 28. The Earl of Macclesfield is not a descendant of the first Duke 
 of Sutherland, but his heir, Viscount Parker, is. 
 
 Page 29. To the descendants of the Countess of Exeter, through the 
 Countess of Shaftesbury, add the Earl of Malmesbury. 
 
 Page 30. To the descendants of the first Duke of Athole, add Lord 
 Digby, Lord Gifford, the heirs of the Earls of Lucan and Gosford, and the 
 Masters of Burleigh and Polwarth. 
 
 Page 31. To the descendants of the first Earl of Du imore, add the 
 Earls of Lonsdale, Feversham and Wharncliffe, Lords Crofton, Castletown, and 
 Stanley of Preston, the heirs of Lords Churchill and Tollem uhe, and the 
 Master of Elphiv stone. 
 
 Page 31. To the descendants of the second Lord Nairne, add the 
 Master of Elphinstone. 
 
 Page 35. To the descendants of the sixth Earl of Cardigan, add the 
 Earl of Chichester and Lord Clifton (heir of the Earl of Darnley). 
 
 Page 37. To the descendants of Countess Fortescue, add the heir of 
 Viscount Halifax. 
 
 Page 37. To the children of Mrs. Grenville, add (d) Lady Wynn, 
 grandmother of Lord Delamere. 
 
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