FC R ELEMENTARY CLASSICS'" TALES FROM HERODOTUS G.S. FARNELL TALES FROM HERODOTUS. MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED LONDON BOMBAY CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO DALLAS SAN FRANCISCO THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD TORONTO Farnell s Herodotus Frontispiece. Portrait of Herodotus at Naples. Arndt-Bruim-Bruckmann, Portrdts. Classics Tales from Herodotus WITH Attic Dialectical Forms Selected for Easy Greek Reading BY G. S. Farnell, M.A. Late Assistant Master at St. Paul's School WITH ILLUSTRATIONS MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON 1912 COPYRIGHT. First Edition 1891. Reprinted 1895. Re-issue, with illustrations, 1902. Reprinted 1907, 1912. GLASGOW : PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO. LTD. $58 /f/2- PREFACE. I HAVE endeavoured in this selection to arrange some of the stories of Herodotus suitably for purposes of comparatively easy Greek reading. But for the Dialect, there are few, if any, Greek authors so desirable for translation at an early stage. The construction of his sentences, with rare exceptions, is unusually easy, and in style and subject he is simple and fascinating beyond comparison. On the other hand the employment of his native Ionic Dialect causes him to be inaccessible to all but advanced students, and it is only by taking liberties with the Dialectical forms that it is possible to introduce younger pupils to his writings. With no little hesi- tation I have ventured to effect the change re- quired, in order that Herodotus may no longer be a closed book to so large a number of the learners of Greek. But beyond the substitution of Attic forms, and with the exception that in a very few instances I have avoided a complicated construction, I have 3361^8 vi PREFACE. adhered as closely as possible to the text. 1 1 have not thought it necessary to interfere with the vocabulary by substituting Attic for any non-Attic words ; for, in the first place, this would be tamper- ing too far with the author's language ; and, secondly, in the text of this book nearly three fifths of the non- Attic prose words are nevertheless employed in the Iambics of the Attic Tragic Poets, and thus the , pupil will meet many of them again as soon as he reads a Greek play. I have carefully marked in the Vocabulary all words not found in the, accepted Attic prose-writers, 2 and in a separate list I have indicated which of these are employed by the Tragedians. The proportion of the latter to the whole number of non- Attic words furnishes a vivid illustration of Dr. Rutherford's remarks in The New Phrynichus on the nature of the Tragic Diction. G. S. F. 1 I have thus diverged from the plan so well carried out in Mr. Phillpotts's Stories from Herodotus, which are more or less re-written in Attic diction. 2 I have followed Dr. Rutherford in not taking the un- supported authority of Xenophon as a guarantee of genuine Attic usage. See The New Phrynichus, passim. CONTENTS. PAGE TEXT, - - 1 I. How Games were invented by the Lydians to relieve their Distress in time of Famine, - 1 II. How to discover the Oldest Race upon Earth, 2 III. Crocodiles worshipped in part of Egypt. Curious Device for their Capture elsewhere, 3 IV. The Story of Mycerinus, 4 V. Stories of Amasis, who usurped the Throne of Egypt, 5 VI. How Arion the Lyric Poet was saved from Pirates by a Dolphin, - 7 VII. Story of Euenius, - 9 VIII. Story of Cyrus the Great, King of Persia, 11 IX. Solon and Croesus, 22 X. Reverence for Suppliants enforced by the Oracle, 26 XL Captures of Babylon, - 28 XII. A Rebuff to Darius for disturbing the Tomb of Nitocris, Queen of Babylon, 35 XIII. The Babylonian Wife-Market, 36 vii viii CONTENTS. PAGE XIV. Two Stories of the Alcmaeonid Family, - 37 XV. Exploration of Central and Southern Africa, 40 XVI. Narrative of the Battle of Salamis, 480 B.C., - 46 XVII. How Gold is procured in India among the Ant-bears, 55 XVIII. Stories of Arabia, - 56 XIX. Scythian Prophets, 58 XX. The Power of Custom, - 60 NOTES, 61 VOCABULARY L, - 103 VOCABULARY II. PROPER NAMES, - -151 INDEX OF NON-ATTIC WORDS, . . . . 161 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 4 17 Portrait of Herodotus at Naples, - - - Frontispiece Playing at Knucklebones (in colour), - - - Face page I Playing at Draughts, Mummy of Young Crocodile, Statuette of Mycerinus, .... Persian Spearman (in colour), - Cyrus the Great, divinized, Arion on a Dolphin, Gold Coin (of Croesus ?), Phoenician Ship, ..... Cleobis and Bito, Croesus on his Pyre, ..... Apollo of Branchidae, Plan of Babylon, Fancy Dancing, Flute Playing, Pygmy and Cranes, ) Relief at Athens showing waist of a trireme, - * 23 25 27 30 39 41 MAP. Battle of Salamis, B.C. 480, Pages 48, 49 81 _g ^ TALES FROM HERODOTUS I. How GAMES WERE INVENTED BY THE LYDIANS TO RELIEVE THEIR DISTRESS IN TIME OF FAMINE. ot AvSol ras Tratyvtas rots vvv o"o7ra> St-rjyov CTT' T7y Svotv Seovra et/coo~tv. / ?'/' '.;.;" ,'A!LES FROM HERODOTUS. II. HOW TO DISCOVER THE OLDEST RACE UPON EARTH. Ot AtyUTTTtOt, TTplV fJLV Tj ^afJLfJL^TL^OV CTC^OOV fiatTlX.- eixrat, evofJLifov COLVTOVS TrpWTOVs yevecr^at TrdVrajv dvOpw- TTWV* 7Tir) Se ^afjLfJLYjTLXo^ /?acTt Aeixr as rj0 otrti/es yeVotvro Trpcorot, d?ro TOVTOV (^povov) 5 <&pvyas wporepovs yevecrOai eavrwi/, TWV Se eavroiJS. ^a^/x^rt^o? Se a) ov/c eSi'varo Tropov ovSeva TOVTOV cxv-cvpetv, ot yevotvro Trpwrot dvOpw- TTWV, 7Ti-T)(vaTai TotovSe* IlatSta &uo veoyva dvOpwirwv TtOV 7Tfc-TV^(OVTCOV S/Saxri 7TOLfJLVL Tp(f)LV, VT6lX.dfJLVOS 10 p?Seva avrtov avrw /X7y8e/>ttav WV^F tevat, 8e ^pijfjir) !(' eavrwv Kctcr^at avra, /tov^v pr)ovcri 15 TT/OWT^V ot 7rat8e9, a7raAAax^ l/T(ol/ T( ^ I ^jU,aT(i>v. "A7re/3 o^v /s yap lyeyovet, TO> 7rot/>tevt avoiyovrt r^v Ovpav /cat ecrtovrt ra ?rat8ta dp^oTtpa TrpocnriTrTOVTa /?e/cos e^xuvow, o/oeyovra ras x W aotra)VTt avro) /cat eTTt/xeAo^ei/w ?roAi) T^V rovro TO 67TOS, ovrw 8^ (T^/x^vag TO) SecTTTOT^/ r|yaye ra TratSta cs o^tv T^V l/cetvov. 'A/coiJ(ras Se /cat avros 6 fJLTjTLXOS 7TVv6aVTO OtTtVCS ttV^/OWTTCDV /BtKOS TL 25 7rvv^avo/>ti/os Se rjvpio-Ke &pvyas /caAovi/ras rov apTov. Farnell's Herodotus Face page 2. Playing at Draughts. Arch. Zeit., 1863. (P. 2.) Mummy of a Crocodile in the British Museum. (P. 3.) CROCODILES IN EGYPT. (TVl'-\WpY]pvya$ TrptcrfivTepovs eivaL eairrwv. III. CROCODILES WORSHIPPED IN PART OF EGYPT. CURIOUS DEVICE FOR THEIR CAPTURE ELSEWHERE. To?S fJLV 8?) TWV AlyVTTTllDV LpOL eiCTiV OL KpOKoStl Aot, rots 8' ov, aAA' are 7roAe//,tot>s TrepitTrovcn. 01 Se Trept re 07y/^ag KGU TT)V Motpews Xipvriv OIKOVVTCS /cat /ca/mx v, SeStSay/x,ei/ov efvat \eupoijOrj' dpr^jjiara Se 5 I? ra (ora ei/^evre? /cat d/z( ^yovfJLVOL ttpovs eTvai. "Aypat 8e avrtov TroAAat KaB-eo-TrJKacri Kal TravTOtaf r) 8' e/xot ye So/cet a^tcorarTy a(/>^y^crecos efrat rairn/v ypa^xo* 'ETrctSav VCOTOV "uo? SeXedfrr) rts Trept dyKtcrr/DOV, ^eS-Ui es /xecrov T(V Trora/xoV avros Se eTrt rov )(fcAoi;s TOU TroTapov e^wv 15 ca ^to^v, ravrrjv Tvirrei. 'ETra/coiVas 8e r^s o Kpo/co8etAos terat Kara rr) Tto VCOTCO KaraTTivei) ol 8e eA/ Mf/ceptva) /cara roi)s TroAtVa? /cat ravra CTTtT'^Sei'Ovrt Trptorov Ka/cwr >)/o^v 7y Ovyarrjp aVo- Oavovcra, r) pdvov ol fy ev rots OIKLOLS T'ZKVOV. Mera Se TO T>Js Ovyarpbs 7ra$os, ftevrepa TOVTM TW /^acrtAet TaSe eyeveTO* ^HA^ev ot /xavTecov IK BOUTOVS TroAew?, 10 ws /xeAAot e^ crry fj,6vov /3iov$ TCO e/^So/xw TeAei;T^(reti/. e O 8e Seivoi/ 7rot>;a-a/xevos eVe/x^er es TO /^ai/Tetov TW 6J.JLOV /cat TraT/ows, a7ro/cAeto~aFTS TO, te/)a, /cat fjLefjLvrjfjitvoi aAAa /cat TOI>S dv9pu>Trovs (^OtipovTes, e 15 eTTt TroAvv ^(/oovov eyw 6" evo'e^^g wv />ieAA(o oirreo TeAeuT^o-etv." 7 E/c 8e TOV ^pricrTrjpLov TOVTOV avTw SeiVe/oov Aeyov " TOIJTCOV eve/ca /cat o~i>VTaxwet o~ot 6 /^to?' o*u yap TreTrot^/ca? o x/ 06 ^ 1 ^ ^ v Troteti/. ^t ya/> AtyvTTTOv 20 KaKovcrOat, CTT' 6T7y TrevT^/covTa TC /cat e/caTov* /cat ot /zev 8vo /?ao~tAts, ot ?rpo o~ov yei/d^tevot, \ 5\ >; jj 0-U 0V. Farnell's Herodotus Face page 4. Statuette of Mycerhms. From the original in the Gizeh Museum. (P. 4.) AMASLS. 5 TOLVTO, a/coixras 6 Mv/cepti'os, ws /caTa-Ke/cpi/xevcoi/ rjcfy ot TOTTTCOV, Au)(va TTOt^crajLte^os TroAAa, dvdif/as avra OTTWS ytyvotTo vv, eVtve re /cat rjvTrdOei ovO' o^/ze/oas 25 ovre vvKTo? avtets, e re rot eA?; /cat ra X,(rr} T /xevo5, /cat tVa y?}s TrvvOdvoiro efvat ivrj/SrjTrjpLa Setorara. Tavra 8e e/xTy^avaro e^eAwv TO ^u8o/zei/ov a7roSet^at, tVa ot ScoSeKa err/ avrt e^ ertoi/ yevotro, TWI/ WACTWV ^/xepwi/ TroLovfJLtvuv. 30 V. STORIES OF AMASIS, WHO USURPED THE THRONE OF EGYPT. (a) #ow, MI spite of his low birth, he induced his subjects to respect him. 'Awpiov Se KaO-yprjiJLtvov e/?ao~t'Aei'O~ev "A/xao"t5. Ta /xev 5r) Trpwra fcar-covovro rov "A/xao~t^ Aty^TTTtot /cat Iv oijSe/xta pOLpa /xeyaAr; ^yov, are 8^ S^/ZOTT/V TO ?rptv oVTa /cat otKt'as OTJ/C 7rt/ A/zao"ts /cat ot SatT^/zove? TravTes TroSas l/cao~TOTe ev-aTT-evt^ovTo. TOTJTOV ot5v KaTa/coi^as ayaA/za 8at/xovos e^ auToC 7rot7yo-aTo, /cat iSpvcrev OTTOV rjv ETrtT^SetoTaTov ot 8e AlyvTrrioi as /c TOV TroSaFtTTTTy/oos TO ayaAyu-a yeyoveyat, es 6V TALES FROM HERODOTUS. /xv ot AtyvTrrtot eVe/zoteV re /cat rroSas eV- 15 a7roi/t'otvTo, Tore Se yu,eyaAws o-e/3oti/To. "HS^ ow, e<^y Aeywy, 6//,otws airros TO> TroSaviTrrfjpi TreTrpayevar et ya/o irporepov CLYJ STJ/JLOT^^ O/AWS ev TO) Trapovri efvat us* /cat rifjiav re / Trpoo-rjydyero TOVS TotaSe* TO /xei^ opOpiov, ^ 7rparr ra TrpoorfapoiAtva Tr^oay/xara' TO 8e 5 aTTo TovSe eVfci/e Te /cat KaTecrAcwTTTe TOI;S crt>/>t7roTas KCU ^v fAOLTaios T Kat iraiyviri^v. ? A^^eo~^ei/Ts 8e TOI'TOIS ot 12 /^acrtAeu, OTJK opOu><$ creavrov TrpovcrrrjKas, es TO ayar i/w 8e Trotets oi;8a/xa>s /^ *0 8e TJ/xet^eTO Toto~8e a^Tovs* " Ot TO, 15 7raF //,ev SewvTat ^pyjcrOai evrtivovariv' eTrav Se i;oiio~tv* et yap 6\) TO etVy, eKpaytiiy av, oxrre es TO .Seov OTJK av e'x'Otev avTOts \pfjcr0ai. OVTW $rj /cat dvOpojirov /caTao~Tao~t' et e^eAot /caT eo~7rov8ao~^at aet yu,7^8e es Tratyvtav TO ARION. fjiepos tavrov avikvai, Aa$ot av rjrot /zavets r) aTro yevo//,et/os* a eya> eTrtcrra/zevos /xepos tKarepb) ve/zto. (c) Former spendthrift and dishonest habits of Amasis. His unexpected treatment, after his accession to the throne, of the oracular shrines which had encouraged his practices. Aeyertu Se 6 "A/xacrts, KOI ore rjv tSiam/s, efvat Kal (^)tAocrKw//,/>ta)v Kat ovSa//,co dvtjp' OTTCOS 8e avrov TTLVOVTO, re KGU eTrtAe/TTOt TO, eTTtT^Seta, eKAeTrre^ av Treptttov. Ot 8e copa efi/at, TOVTWV 10 /xev TWP' iepwv ovre 7r-e//,eAeTO oirre es 67rii/. Ot (5e ev r

s yrj ru^ot, ^ CKTrrySay l T>)V OdXacrcrav TT)V 'ATretA^^ets 8e 6 'A/otwv e? aTro/otav, Trap-yrij- (TOLTO avrovs irepuSeiv avrov kv TQ (TKvrj irao-fl crravra 15 ev rot? IScoAtots detcrat* de6 / (ras Se vTreSe^ero eavrov 01 Se, ecrfjX.()e yap avrois rjSovrj et jU-eAAotei/ d/cou- (rtcrOai TOV dpicTTov dv0pw7ru)v doiSov, dve^wprjcrav IK rrjs TrpvfJivrjs fJLcrr]\/ vavv. e O 8e, evSvs re Trdcrav rty 20 (TKtvYjv Kal Xa/Bwv ry]v KiOdpav, crras ev rot? eSwAtots 8lfjX0 VOfJLOV TOV OpOiOV' T\VTWVTO$ TOV 1/O//O1; ppii//V e? TT)V 6dXao-crav tavTov w? ef^e crvv r/y Trdcnj. Kal ol p*v ctTreTrAeov Is Ko/otv^oV TOP 8e 'Ap/ 25 8eA^>ts, (OS Aeyovo~t, urroAa/^wv ^rjVyiv\dKrj /xe^tet's, dvaK(os 5e ef^e TWI/ TropOjuiWv. T2s Se 3 Traprjo-av, K\r}6VTas avTovs tfpeTO et Tt AeyotF a>s t7^ T o~o>s EUENIUS. 9 'IraAtai/ KCU AtVotev ev TrpaTTOvra eV Tapavrt, ITT t O 'AptO)V, UCTTrep \(l)V ^-67nj87]Or. Kat Ot eK ov/c etov ert VII. STORY OF EUENIUS. (a) He neglects the sacred sheep of Apollonia, and is punished ivith blindness by his fellow-citizens. "Eariv ev rrj 'ATToAAawa lepa rjX.iov Trpo/^ara, a ra? /36o"K6Tai Trapa Trora/zov rtva, ras Se vi'/cra? i/Spe?, ot TrAoihrco re /cat yevet SoKt/zwrotrot TWF acrrwr, (frvXao'orovo'LV Viai;rov IKOMTTOS' Trept TroAAov ya/o 8?) Trotorvrat ot 'A7roAAo)vtarat ra Trpofiara ravra 5 IK Oeorrpoiriov rtvo?' ev oe avrpto a.\>\i^ovra.L OLTTO rijs TToAetos e/s e^Koi/ra. 10 '0 Se co? ycrOero ef^e crty^ Kat ec^pa^ev o^Sert, ev vco e^ojv avrtKara-cTTTycretv aAAa Trpidfjievos. Ot 8e 'ATroAAoj- vtarat (05 eViJ^ovro, OTJ yap ZXaOev avrovs ravra yevd/xeva, ai'rov VTTO St/cacrT^/otov KartKpivav TTJS 15 7 7 Ae y 10 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. Kapwov. 'ETrepomo/xeVots Se avrois eV re eV AeA cfrvXaKa rwv iepwv o^ews O"Tep^o"are' rjfJLtis yap e ?, OV 7TpOTp6v T TTaVCTOfJLeOa e/v avrot Scocro/xef 10 rotaTJTT/v ?}v e^ovra TroAAot dvOptoTTODV fjLaKapiov Tra^et. Tavrr) Se VTrayoi/re? r}po)ra)v rtVa SiKrjv av eAotro, et e^e ? A7roAAwvtarat SiKas VTro&TrjvaL Soxrety rwv Tr 'O 8e OVAC (XKTy/COlOS TO OtOTTpOTTLOV l\TO, CtTTCOV OTt 6 SoOetev avnj) dypoi rives KaAAto~Tot ovTe TWV ev TT^ 10 'ATToAAcovta, /cat ot'KTycrts TT/JOS TOi;Tots, ^jv i^Set ov(rav rwv ev TroAet, TO AotVoF d^vtTos dV etTy Kat 6 /^ei/ Tavra e'Aeyey, ot 6e VTroXafiovres " Ei'^vte, ravrrjv TTJV SiKfjv T^S KT^AwO"(OS KTIVOV(TI KaTOL @O- 15 TrpoVta Ta yevo/x-eva." CYRUS THE GREAT. 11 *O fJbtV Sr] TTpOS TOLVTa SeiVa 7TOttTO, V TOV Travra Aoyov, a>s e^aTrarrjOeis' oc Se SiSdowriv avrta a et'AcTO. Kat //-era ravra OLVTLKOL VIII. STORY OF CYRUS THE GREAT, KING OF PERSIA. [ The Medes and the Persians were two kindred races, and up to the time of Cyrus the Medes had the upper hand. They had also extended their empire over a considerable part of Asia. Cyrus, though his mother Mandane was a Median princess, was born of a Persian father, Cambyses by name ; and we read in this story how he rebelled against his grand- father Astyages, the Median king, and finally established the supremacy of the Persians over the Medes. He subse- quently extended the empire of the Persians and Medes enormously, and the career of conquest was continued by his successors until it was effectually checked by the Greeks in the great Persian wars.] A. INFANCY OF CYRUS. 1. A sty ages, king of the Medes, in consequence of a vision determines to destroy his daughter's new-born son Cyrus. He orders Harpagus to put the child to death. Ol TWV Maywv oi/et/x)7roAot ecr^/xat e o^ew? rtvo? art /xeAAot 6 TTJS Ovyarpos avrov yovog /^acriAeiVeiv dvrl e/ce/.i/ov. Tairra Sr) ovv 6 'AcTTvay?/?, a)? eycp'ero 6 Kiy)os, KaAecras TOV " avpa QiKtiov KOU TrtcrToraTov rtoi/ M^Scov /cat Travrwv 5 12 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. Ttoj/ eavrov eVtrpoTrov, eAeyev ot rotaSe* ""ApTraye, 7rpay/xa o ai/ Trpocr-Oto, /x^Sa/zws Trapa^pr^cry. Ad/3e rov Mai/Saw;s TratSa, i/ Se es creavroij aVo/cTetvov Se Odifsov oro) ay rpoTrw a^ros /3ovX.rj." e O Se a^et/ 10 "'12 f3avi\.V) el rot povij(ri re /cat /zavetrai KaKiov i) vvv /xatVerat, oi'/c eywye Trpocr-^tro/xat r>y y^w/x?; avrov, ovS' 5 <$)ovov TOLOVTOV vTryptrrjO'Lo. IIoAAwv 8e eVe/ca ou 20 aAetas eVe/ca e/xot Set TOI'TOP' rov TratSa reAefrav* Set /xevrot rtva TWV 'Ao-rvayoi'S c^ovea avroi; yeveV^at, /cat p) rwi/ 2. Harpagus transfers the task of slaying the, child to one of A sty ages' own herdsmen. Taura etTre Kat aim'/ca ayyeAov eVe/ZTrev e?rt nva TWV 'Acrruayovs, oi/ ^TrtVraTo vo/xas re eVtrrySeto- CYRUS THE GREAT. 13 rotra? V^wvTdi Ka oprj rjpLoeo'TaTa, a> ovopct 8ar//5. 'Ejret ovv o fiovKoXos cnrovSy TroXXrj a9apir). Kat TaSe Tot efceAevo-ei/ etTretv, oVt, eav /A^ diroKTeivys airro, aAAa Tt eyw. herdsman returns home with the child and relates the story to his wife. Tairra a/coiVas 6 /3ovKO\os Kal avaAa/3u>v TO L rr]V avrrjv 686v OTTtcrco, /cat ac^tKvetTat es T^ TOUTW 8' cipa Kal avTO) ^ yi/i/7y ei/ Kivy Trj Sa eVe/cei/. 'ETret 8e a7r-ei/ocrT7yo-ev 6 /3ou/coAos, v^ yjpero tvOvs o Tt OVTCO TrpoOvfJuus "ApTrayos aiVov 5 fjLTa7Tu\//aLTO. '0 8e eiWi/' a ^I2 yi;vat, etiSoV Te es TroAtv eA$a)i/ Kat rjKovcra o JUT) tSetv weAov. Of/cos /xev ?ra? 'A'pTrayou KXavOfJLto /caTet^eTO* eyw Se eKTrAayets oja eo~a>. *12 Se Ta^to-Ta ear-rjXOov opw TratStov TT/ooKet/zevov, acnraipov re /cat /cpa^yavo/zevov, KKoo~^/xeFov ^pvcrw T 10 K-at tcrOrJTi TrotKiXy. "Apirayos Se, ws etSe /ze, eKe T>)V Ta^to-TTyv dvaXafiovra TO TratSto^ OL^ecrOa Kal Oeivai evOa ^ptw8eo~TaTOV t7y TWV opwv, TroAA* t yu,?) TavTa 7rot7yo~at/x,t. 'Eyw 8e dva-Xa/3iov Kat Ka^ J oSov irvvQavo^ai rov Trdvra Aoyov eK 15 OepdirovTos, os e/xe 7r/oo7re/x7ra>v ^co TroAews V-\eipi(T TO apa MavSarTyg Te etV^ ?rats Kat Ka/z/3ucrew, Kat 14 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. 'Acrrvdyi/s a'TeAAcTat aVo/cTeti/at avrov. NTJV re oS . TA6 wife implores the herdsman to spare the child. At her suggestion he exposes their own dead infant on the mountains, and they bring up Cyrus as their son. "A/xa Se ravra c'Aeyev 6 /3ovKo\.os /cat e/c/caAi'^as *H 8e, (05 etSe TO TratStov /zeya re /cat 6V, 8aKpvva(ra /cat \a/3ofjivrj TWV yovaVtoi' TOI , *XPlli ^Sa/xws CK-Oelvai avro. '0 Se ov/c e5 avra Trotetv* 7rt<^otr^(retv ya/o /cara(T/co7rovs e^ 'Apwdyov 7ro\f/ofi,vovs' aTroAetcr^at re avros /ca*ct(TTa J lav /XT) ravra Trot^cr^. *I2s Se OTJ/C apa TOJ/ avSpa, Sevrepa Acyet ^ ytv>) raSe* roivvv ov SvvafjLat (re Trct^etv /z^ e/c^etvat, o/xws w^e (rv jo TrotT/crov, et 8r^ Traora dvdyKrf ocfrOfjvai TO TratStov e/c/cet- jjivov' TCTO/ca yap /cat eyw, TC^^/CC 8e TO ^pe^os* TOI^TO //,ev (ftcpwv 7T/o6$es, TOV 8e T^S 'Aa'Tvayoi'5 Ovyarpos ?rat8a ws e^ T^/XWV 6'vTa Tpu>fjLev. Kat OVTWS OI'TC o~v dAaxret dStKwv TOVS Seo~7roTas, OIJTC ^//,tv /caKtus /3e/3ov- 15 Aev/xevov larat" 6 TC yap TC^VT^/CWS ^ao~tAeta5 Ta^s Kvp'rjcrei, /cat 6 Trept-ajv ov/c aTT-oAet TT)^ \f/v)(riv." Kdpra TC ISo^e TW /2ov/coAw ev Aeyetv ^ y v ^j ^ a ^ avTLKa eTTOtet Ta^Ta' 6^ /zei> ec^cpe ^avaTaxrwv ?rat8a, TOUTOV /Aev TrapaStScoa't TT^ eai'TOv yvvat/ct* TOV 20 vtKpov 6Wa, Aa/5a>v WrfKtv ? TO ayyos V w Tcpov' KoorfjLr)(ras 8e TO; /coo~/zw Tra^Tt TOV trepov 7rat8os, epv Se 5 TOV 'A/OTrayov, aTroBeiKVvvai etfrrj erofyxos ea'at TOV TOV TrcuoYov VCKVV. Heyu^as Se 6 "ApTrayos 25 TCOV eavTov Sopv6p(DV TOVS 7Tio~TOTaTovs, et8e re 8ta TOVTCOV, Kal 00UJS TOV fioVKoXoV TO TTCUoYoV. ToV Se Kvpov Trapa\a/3ov(ra Tp(f)ev r) yvvrj TOV B. BOYHOOD OF CYRUS. How THE SECRET OF HIS BIRTH WAS DISCOVERED. 1. Cyrus plays at being king over his companions. Kat ore ^v Se/caerrys 6 TTCUS, Trpay/Jia rotovSc yevo/xevov ^rjvv avTov. "ETratfe /Z,T' aAAcov fjXiKiav ev o8(^' Kal ol Tra^Se? Trat^ovres efAoi/TO eavrtoi/ /3ao~i\a eTvat. TOVTOV 8r) TOV TOV fioVKoXoV 67Tt/cA?^CrfcV TTCuSa. *O TOV? /xev OLVTWV SiTaev otKtas oi/coSo/xetv, rovs 8e oopvcfropovs ef^at, TOV Se TTOV Ttva a^Tcov " o$aA/>ioi> tTvaij ws ZKOLCTTW fpyov 7rpoo~Tao-cra>v. Ef? 8?^ V TOtS oot?, O1JK e7TOt^O~ TO e/c TOV Kvpov. 'E/v TW TratSt Ttpjs TTJS 'ApT6jji/3dpovs ei'Ka, TOV re /3ovKo\.ov KOL TOV TratSa. 'Evret Se Traprjcrav U/AO- Tepoij /3\\{/a$ TT/DOS TOV Kvpov 6 'Acrr^ay^s e^' " 2v 5 8r/, wv TOtourov avSpos Trats, IroA/x^cra? TOV To{;8e TratSa, OVTO? TTptoTOV Trap' jjiol, aiKia TotaSe TrepitTreiV , " *O 8e fffJidfttTO (BSe* a/? 12 SecTTTOTa, eyw Ta-uTa TOUTOV crw 5t/<^. Ot ya/o e/c TT^S KCO/ZT/? 7rat8es, wi/ Kai at^oi'Tes eorT^cra^To e/^e /^amAea eavTwv 10 yap crc^i efvat es TO{^TO eTrtT^SetoTaTo?. Ot aAAot TratSes TO, 7TiTacra-o//,eva 7r-TeAof TC Ay rjXiKia TOV TratSo? e8o/ayoi;?. 'ETret Se iV-eAeAetTTTo 6 /3ovKo\os ^ovo?, PERSIAN ARCHERS. (Perrot and Ghipiez.J CYRUS THE GREAT. 17 rdSe avrov rj/oero 6 'AcrTudyTys, oiroOev \d/3oi TOV TratSa, /cat Tts ei?7 6 trapao'ovs , *O Se e eavTou re (77 yeyovevat, /cat T^V Te/coixrav airrov eVt etvat Trap' eaira). J Ao-Ti>dyr;s Se ov/c e6pois Aa^a^avetv avrov. e O 8e ayo/xei/os Js ras arayicas, ovrw ST) <^atF TOV ovrct Aoyov Kat Kar-epaivtv es Atras crvyyvw/x^v laurw aijroF. 35 3. Astyages pardons the herdsman, and obtains a confession from Harpayus, ivhom also he pretends to pardon. e TOV /zev /3ovKO\.ov TTJV aXt^Odav e/c vavros Aoyov TJSrj KOL eAacrcrw eTrotetro* C 12s Se iraprjv 6 "Aptrayos, TJptro avrov 6 rtVt 5^ pop

s e?Se TOV /3ovKo\ov ev8ov ovTa, OP rp7TTai e?rt \f/v8rj 68ov, i'va /XT) eAey^ dAAa TOV ei;$t;v e^atve Aoyov. 7 Ao~Ti;ay^s Se, TOV >(oAoV, TTjOWTOV JU.6V, KaOaTTp TJKOV(TV OLVTOS 7T/OOS TOV IO /3ovKoXov TO 7r/oay/>ta, TraAtv d^yetro TW * Apirdyu)' fj,erd 8e KaT-/3aive Aeycov, ws, a 7repto~Tt TC 6 Trats, /5. Tw Te yap 7re7rot?y/xVO) Is TOV TraiSa TOVTOV e/ca/zvov /xeyaAcug, Kat Ovyarpl rrj cfJirj ev eAa^pw kiroiov^v. e I2? ovv TT)S 15 rovro /xv, TOV c 18 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. Trapa rov TratSa TOV ver)\v$a' TOVTO Se (crwo-T/oa yap TOV TratSos //,eAAa> Oveiv rots #eots) irdpivOi IJLOL 7rt SetTryov." 20 "A^Trayos /x,ev, ws vJKOvcre ravra, TrpcxrKVVTJo'as /cat fjieydXa 7rot^o-a/xevos ort T 07 a/xapra ot es Seov eye- yoi/etv ^et Is ra ot/v Se T^V Ta^/crr^v, ror TratSa rov fj.ovoyevrj err) rpia /cat Se/ca yeyovora, 6K7re//,7ret, tevat re AceAeiJCDV 6? 'Acrrvayoug, Kat Trotetv 6 rt av e/cetvos 25 KeXevrj' AUTOS Se Trepi^ap^ wv c^pafet r?y ywaiKt rot 4. Abominable punishment inflicted upon ffarpagus. Se, w? cx^t/cero 6 '^ApTrdyov TTGUS, Kat Kara jmeXrj SteAwv, ra /xev wTrTTycre, TO, 8 rcov Kptwv. 'Evret Se Q^ wpa eytyvero TOV TraptriOeTO ravra rw 'ApTraya), TrA^v KecftdXiqs Kal 5 /cat TroSwi/' ravra 8e x w /ns exetro 7rt Kai/tu Kara fjLva. e 12s 8e 6 "Apjrayos eSo/dXrjv rov TratSos KaraKeKaAtyz/zeV^v /cat ras 10 /cat TOIJS TToSas. "ApTrayov Se e/ceAevov re /cat Xafieiv o flovXerai OLVTMV. Ilet^o- 6 "A^OTrayos /cat a7ro/caAi;7rrwv, opa rov ?rat8os ra Aet/^/xara' tSwv Se oiVe e^-eTrAayr;, eVros re eai'rov ytyverat. "H/oero Se ai'rov 6 'AcrTi^ayr/s et' ytyvakr/cot IS ovrtvos Orjpiov Kpea /2e/3/ow/coi. C 8e /cat ytyi/wcr/cetv e 8o/cw, aAto~as * 5. T^e Jl/a0ri decide that Astyages need have no more fear of Cyrus; so the boy is sent home safely to his parents in Persia. //,ev 'Ao-Tvayrys 8t/c?7v Tavrrjv 7r-e0rjK' Kvpov WV otyWI/ O TO 6VV7TVLOV 6 'Acrrvayrys oTTTy eKpivav rrjv 6\f>w ol 8e ravra Acyovres ws X/^ v ^ v /^o"tAei;o-at rov TratSa, et eTre^cre 5 KCU ^ aTre^ave irportpov. C Se ^/xet^ero avroi's rot(r8e* u>/ E(7Tt T o Trats, /cat Trepteo'Tf /cat Statrayzevoj/ avrov e?r' ay/)ov ot e/c T^S /cw/zrys TratSes ecrr^cravro /^aa-tAca. 'O 8e Travra, 6'cra Trep ot dA^^tvot /^ao-tAets, ereActwo-e 7rot^o-a5* /cat ya/) Sopvcfropovs, /cat Ovpwpovs Kal dyye- 10 Atas /cat ra AotTra Travra t)(. Kat vvv es rt v/Atv ra^ra ^atverat ^epetv ^ " ot Mayof " Et /xev Treptecrrt re, /cat e/3ao-t 6 ?rats ft^ e/c Trpovot'as rti/os, Odp(rL re TOVTOV eve/ca, /cat OVJJLOV c^e dyaOov ov yap ert TO Seirre/oov 15 TOV Kvpov eAeyet' ot TaoV' a ^I2 ?rat, cyw o~e 6Y oveipov ov TeAetav ^St/covi', TT/ 8e vvv ovv Wi \aipwv Is Ile/xras, TrofJLirovs 8' eya> a/m TTC/X^W. 20 8' e/cet, warepa T /cat jJDjrcpa e{y)?yo~ets, ov /caTa TC TOV fiovKoXov /cat T))v yvvat/ca 20 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. Taimx. etTTtbv 6 7 A(TTvay^5, aVoTre/ZTret TOV Kvpov. No(TT^(rai/Ta 8e avrov es TO, TOV Ka//,/3ixrea> OLKLOL eSe^ 25 ot TC/COVTCS, /cat Se^a/xevot /AeyaAoos ?7o C. THE MANHOOD OF CYRUS. 1. ^ the instigation of ffarpagus, Cyrus induces the Persians to revolt by a practical demonstration of the advantages they would enjoy as the dominant race. ), /cat t TO) /cat 7rpo(T(f)i\O'TdTu> TT/oocre/cetTO 6 "ApTTayos, 8o}pa TTC/XTTO)!/, TtVaor#at J Ao-rvay>y 7ri@vfjuov. Upb & ert TO/;TOV 6 "A/o7rayos, OVTOS TOV 'Ao-ruayovs -rriKpov es TOVS M^Sovs, (rv/x/xtcrycov evt Ka(rra) TWV Tr/awrwv dv-eireiOtv W5 X/OT) Kvpov Tr^o-crrr/ora/iei/ovs TOV ' Traixrat TS a orw ai/aTretcret cTTacrai. povriv e e/3to-/cet U ; af Ypd\//a$ cs /3i/3X,iov a eySovAeTo, dAtav rot7^o~aTO' /ACTO, Se ai/aTTTi'^as TO Kat eTrtAeyo/Acvos, T/ 'Ao-rvdyrj eavrov Ile/ocrwv aTroSet/cvvvat. u Nvv TC," 4'c/)7y Aeycov, " < IIe/30-at, 7rpo-ayopV(t) VJJLIV Tra/oetvat 15 SptTravov" Kvpos fJ&v ravra Trpoyyopewev. *1 Traprjcrav aTravTes, tvravfla Kvpos ^wpov Ttva a/c TrpoeLTrev avTois erjfjLp(o(rai kv rjfjiepa. 'ETTt-Te 8e TWV IIepo~c3v TOV Trpo/cet'/uvov a^Aov, TrpoetTrcv avT es T^)v ixrrtpaiav Trapetvat CYRUS THE GREAT. 21 'Ev Se Toirrw ra re atTroAta KG! ras Trot/zvas /cat ra 20 a Trdvra TOV Trar/Dos o~i;vaAto~as es rauro 6 Wv. Kal 7rap(TKva^V u>s Se^o/zevos TOV Ttov arrparov. 'A^>tKo/xvovs 8c r>/ v&Tepaiy TOVS Kara^Afcva? 5 Act/xwva evw^efc. 'ETret 8e CITTO rj(rav, tfpTO cracrav TTO\V efvat TO /zo~ov, T^V /xei/ y TrdvTa o~(/)t /ca/ca c^etv, TT)I/ Se TOTC irapovcrav dyaOd. a/^wv 8e TOVTO TO eVos 6 Kvpos Trap-tyvfjLVov TOV 3 Aoyov, Aeycov "AvSpes Hepa-at, OVTWS v/zti/ f /3oV\OfJLVOl$ fJiV VfMV fJiol TTtiOe&Oai O~Tl TCt8e T aAAa pvpia dyaOa, ov&va TTOVOV SovXoTrptTrr) C //,Ot 7TtO~at tO~tV V//,tV TTOVOt TO) i dvapiOfjLrjroi. N{v oi)v e/zot ireiOo- 35 ytyvecr^c lAcv^E/oot, aio-Ta^vot a?r' 2. Revolt of the Persians, ending in the accession of Cyrus to the throne. TLepcrcu jJiV vvv, Trpovrdrov eTrtAa^o/zcvot, /cat TraAat Seivov TTOLOV^VOL VTTO ayycAov KaAet avTov. '0 5e TOV ayyeAov aTrayyeAAetv 6Vt Trporepov ??o6 Tra/3 5 5 6/cetvov ?} 'Ao~Tvay^s avTos /3ov\r)7rayoi/ ctTre- t Setter. e f2s 8' ot M?]6\)t o-rparewd/xevot rots Ilepo-ats io s ra^tcrra tTrvOero 6 'Acrrvay^s, 'v rots Il6/)o"ats ) rjo-crrjOy Kal avros re 'Ao~rvayr/s 'Ao-ri;ay7/ Se 6 Kvpos, KCLKQV ovSev aAAo TrotTycras, ' cavrw es o T\vrr)O'v. OUTW 8^ Kvpos yei/o/xevos re Kat rpa^ets e IX. SOLON AND CROESUS. (a) Solon, the Athenian statesman and philosopher, visits Croesus, the rich king of Lydia, and admonishes him on the instability of fortune. s 6 SdAwv tra 8e, rjfjLtpa TPLTYJ ry rerdpry, Ke Kpoicrov, TOV SoAwva OepaTrovres Trept-^yov Kara Farnell's Herodotus Face page 22. Cyrus the Great, divinized. Persian Relief. Dieulafoy. L'Art Antique de la Perse. (P. 11.) Arion on a Dolphin. Coin of Methymna in Lesbos. (P. 22.) Gold coin, probably issued by Croesus. (P, 22.) Phoenician Ship (5th Cent. B.C.) Coin of Sidon. (P. 22.) Farneli's Herodotus Face page 23. SOLON AND CROESUS. 23 6rj(ravpov5, Kal eTreSeiKVvcrav Trdvra ovra /zeyaAa re Kal 5 6'A/3ta. Oeao"a/x,ei/ov 8e avrov Trdvra rjpeTO 6 Kpowros Ta6V " /57eVe 'A^i/ate, Trap' ^/zas Trept o"ov Aoyos TroAvs, Kat o~0(tas eveKa TTJS cr>)s, /cat ovv fjiepos eTTTe /ze eTrepwrav et rtva r s dA/^twrarov." *0 /xev eATTtfwv efvat CXV^WTTCOV 10 aAAa r) Kpiveis TeAAov emu / e Q 8e e?7Tc* u TeAAa) TOVTO yotei/ TratSes 15 Tycrai/ /caAot re Kaya^ot, Kat et'Sev aTracrtv avrots re/cva eKyevo/zeva, Kat Travra 7rayoa/x,tvavra* rovro Se reAevr?) TOV yStov Aa/xTT/ooTar^ eTT-eyevero' yFO/xevrys ya/o 'A6r)- vaioi(Ti jubd^s ?r/)o5 Toi;s acrrvyetrovas ev 'EAewtvt, /3o7]0rjcro^ Kat r/oo7T?)i/ Trot^o-a? rwr TroAepwv, direOavt 20 KaAAtcrra. Kat 'A^vatot 8?y//,ocrta re eOaif/av avrov eVecre, Kat eTt/x^crav yueyaAws." (6) Story of Cleobis and Biton, The Godtf best reward. 'I2s 8e ra Kara TOV TeAAov St^y/ycraTO 6 2oAa>v, 6 Kpotcros rti/a Sevrepov /xer' KtFov t'8ot, SOKWV Seurepeta yovv otcreo-^at. '0 Sf etrre' " KAeo/^tv re Kat Btrwva' TOi;rot9 yap, oro~t yevo? 'Apyetots, /?to? re dpKwi^ V7r-7jv, Kat Trpos TO^TO). pwyu-ry o~a>//.aTOS rotaoV d6\o(f)6poi re d[jb<>orepot, 6/xoto>5 7yo~ai/, Kat 8?) Kat AeyeTat oSc 6 Aoyo? ' Oiknys eoprfjs rfj "Hpa eSet Travrws T?)V ai'rwv ^evyet Ko/ztcr Bfjvat, e TO tepov ot 8e ^8ovs 24 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. e/c rov dypov ov Trap-tyiyvovro Iv topa. Ot 8e veavtat, 10 V7ro8vvTS avrol VTTo TTjV fcvy Xrjv, eA/cov ri]V 7Tt 8e rfjs a/za?7S io^eiTO rj fJLrjTrjp. 2ra8toi;s Se /cat T(T(rapaKOVTa StaK-o/xtcravTes at^tKovro es TO TOfura 8e 7TOLij(rao"LV avrots KCU o^^ewrt VTTO T^5 yvpews T6\VTrj rov /3tov dpio-rrj eTT-eyevero * St-eSet^e 6 ^60S O) OLfJLtiVOV L7J dvOpWTTW TtOvd /Jv. 'Apyeioi /xev ya^o Trept-crroLvres efJiaKOLpi TWV veavtwv ri)v /owyu/^v, at Se 'Apyetat T^V [JirjTepa avr ot'wv TKVcov eKipr/cre' -^ 8e /AI/JTTJP TrepL^apr^s ov(ra TW re /oycp /y ^JJLTJ^ (rracra avrtov TOT; ayaX/xaros lyu^cro 20 T^V ^eov Sowat KAeo^t re Kat Btrwvt o dv6pW7ru> rvyjdv api&TOV l(TTi. Mera Sc Tavrrjv rrjv ev^?)v, ws cOvvdv re /s - \A(ov etVat av^pWTrcov' evSatyaova 8e OVTTW o*e ey^o Aeytu, Farnell's Herodotus Face page 25. Croesus on his Pyre. Vase in the Louvre. Mon. d. Inst., I., PI. 54. (P. 25.) SOLON AND CROESUS. 25 irpiv dV TeAeim^cravTa ere /caAws TOV attova irvOtofuii. w/coTretv Se x/V Trarros xprjiJiaTOS r^v T\vrr]V TTTJ 10 a7ro-/3r/o-Tar TroAAots yap S?) i>7roSetas oX/3ov 6 Oeos 7rpoppiov<$ oVeTpei/'e." Tairra Aeyjjv TO> K/ootVa), ou TTWS l^apL^ero o 2oAwv Aoyov 8e avroi/ ovSevos aTTOTre/xTrerat o Kpotcros, Kapra 8o^a? dfjLaOrj os ra Trapovra dyaBa /xe^ets T^V TeAeur^v Trai'TOS X/ 07 ?" opav e/ceAcfe. Subsequent misfortunes of Croesus, who at length, acknowledges the wisdom of Solon's words. Mera S jjieydXrj Kpotarov* d>s etKaVat, ort evo/xtcrev eavrov etvat dvOpioTrwv aTravrwF oA/^twraror. Ot yap IIep(rat ras re 2ap8ts efAov, /cat airrov Kpotcrov tfayprjo-av, ap^avra CTT] Tear&apaKaio'eKa' Aa/^ovres 8e avror rjyayov Trapa 5 Kvpov. 'O 8e o-wy^cras Trvpav /xeyaA^v ave^t/^acrev ITT' avTYjV TOV Kpoto~ov re ev 7re8ats 8e8eyw,evoj/, /cat Sts eTrra, AvSwv Trap' avrov TratSas. Ta> Se Kjootcrw, l(TT(OTt evrt TT}S ?n;pas, cr>}A^e, /cat Trep eV /ca/ca> ovrt Toa^ovTO), TO TOV EoAwvos, ws etT/ o~^v $ea> etp^/xevov, TO * M^Seva efvat 10 TWV fwvTwv oX/3iov.' ' A v-evey /ca^evos 8e /cat avao-Tei/a^as /c TroXXrjs ^itrv)(tas S Tpts covo/>iao" DdAwva* /cat 6 Kvpo? a/co7;o~as e/ceAeixre T0^9 ep/z^veas eTT-epeo-^at TOf Kpotcrov Ttva 7Tt/caAotTO' /cat ot TrpocreA^ovTes 7rrjpco- TWV. Kpotcros Se Tews />tev o-ty>)v e^^^ epWTW/zevos* 15 5 e'A$ot TTOTC 6 2oAwv, wv 'A^vatos, /cat TravTa TOV eavTOV oXffov a7roc/)Aavpto-ete* /cat 26 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. TTOLVTOL laVTO) oVo/^C/^/COt f/TTCp /CtVoS t7TV, OV&V Tt [jLaXXov es eavTov Aeytov ?} es aVai/ TO aV$po)7rtvov /cat 20 ju-aAtcrra TOVS Trap' eairrots oA/2tovs So/coiWas etVat. (e) Cfyrws relents, and, with the assistance of Apollo, Croems is saved from the flames. e O /Aev Kpotcros fjfjifjievrjs eKotero rot 7rpLo-\^aTa. Kat 6 Ku/oos, aKotxr Trapa rcoi/ ep^vewv a K/ootcros etTre, /zera-yvovs re /cat cvvo>](ras cm /cat ai'rog dv^/ocoTro? COP' dAAov av0p(*)7rov, 5 yevo/>ivo^lavTo{) evSat/xovta OTJK eAaTTto, fwvra Trupt 8t8oiry, /ceAei> (T/BevvvvaL TT)V raxi(TTY]V TO /cao/zevov TTV/), /cat Kara/3 1 /Bdfav Kpotcrov Te /cat TOI)S /xeTa Kpotorov. Kat ot Tretpw/zevot o*u/c e8vvavTO 4Vt TOV trvpos eTrt/cpar/Jcrat. 'EvTaO^a Kpoto-05, /xa^wv T^ Ki;/oov /zeTayvtocrti/, 7re- 10 /BoijcraTO rov 'ATroAAtova cTrt/caAoi^e^os TrapacrTrjvai /cat pvcravOai avrbv e/c TOU TrapovTO? /ca/cov. *0 /xev Sa/c/ovwi/ 7T/CaAtTO TOV t9eOV /C 8c al0pia<$ TC Kttt V7)VfMaS /cat et/,wv T KaT'ppayrj /cat TC X. EEVERENCE FOR SUPPLIANTS ENFORCED BY THE ORACLE. 6 Se Mafaprys 7T/z7rev s Tr)v TJ/ZT^V yye- 6/c8t6ovat /ceAevioy na/cTv^v. Ot 8e Farnell's Herodotus Face page 27. Copy of the Apollo of Branchidae. Bronze in the Louvre. (P 27. ) REVERENCE FOR SUPPLIANTS. 27 o-vfJL/3ov\fjs Trepi es Oeov rov ev Bpay^t8at dvacfrepeiv. jjv yap avroOi ^tavretov IK TraXaiov iSpv/^evov, 5 (o "looses re TravTes Kal AioAefc elwOecrav ^prjcrOai. TlefJLifsavTts ovv ol Kiyzaiot OeoTTpotrovs rjpwrow " OTrotov rt Tre/ot IlaKTi^v TrotoiWes Se cr^)t ravra rot? Ile^o-at?. 10 TavTca Se to? rJKOvaav ot Kvjiccuot wpfjLwvTO e/cotoovat* T TO) XP 1 !* 7 ^?) Ka ^ L ^ OK ^ V TOV? OtOTTpOTTOVS OV Aeyetv aA^^cos' es o, TO SeTJTe/oov Tre/ot Haicrvoii eTre/o^cro- 15 jutevot, ycrav aAAot OeoirpoiroL wv Kat 'AyotcrroSt/co? -^v. 8e auTwi/ es B/oay^tSa?, e Trap' o^/za? t/cerry? IIaKT7;^s 6 AfSog, v ,8/ato^ 7T/005 IlepcrcoV ot 8e /xtv l^atro Kv/zatovs KeAevovTe?. e H//,t5 Se, Set oF SvvafjiLV, rov t/cerr/i/ Is ro5e OTJ , ?rptv av TO (XTTO crou ^tv S^ oTrorepa Trotw/xev." '0 //-ev Ta{;Ta eTT^/ocoTa* 6 Se ^eos avOis TOV avrov 25 X/)ryo-/xoT/ aiv 9 KeXevwv KtSoVat IlaKT-u^v Tots ITepo-ats. IIpos ravra 6 'A/oto~ToStKos e/c 7r/oovotas 7rott TaSe* Trept-ttov TOV vewv K^/cAto e^-rjpei TOVS orrpovOovs, Kal aAAa oo-a ^v veveocro-ev/xeva opviOuv yevrf eV TW vew. IIotoOvTos Se avTov Ta^Ta, Kepaifeis ; " 'A/otcr- ToSt/cos Se OTJ/C aTrop^cra? Trpos TaOra efTrev* "^I2va, airros /xv OVTW rots t/ceVats /2o?7$ets, K^atovs Sc KeAeuets roi/ 35 iKtTrjv /<8tSdvat." '0 8e ^eos avOus ^^ii^aro rot(r8e' " Nat /ceAeiJO), tVa ye acre^^cravTes Oacrvov a7roA^(r^e' 0>S W? TO AotTTOV 7T/)t fc/CTtOV /<8oO-ea)S eA^?T6 7Tt TO XI. A. FIRST CAPTURE OF BABYLON. Cyrus, during the Feast of Belshazzar, captures Babylon by draining off the Euphrates into a disused lake which had been excavated above the city by Queen Nitocris. e Q Kvpos r/Aawev eVt TTJV Ba/3vAajva' ot Se K-o-rparV(rdfjLvoL Cftevov avrov. ' eAauvwv ay^ov T^S TroAews, o~v^-/5aAdv T ot feat r)crcrr]0VTS rrj /xa^^ KaT-eiXrjOrjcrav e? TO ao~T7', 17 5 ef^ov criTia ITWV Kapra vroAAwv. ouTOt yu,v Adyo^ c^ov TT}? iroXiopKias Se aTTOptat? V-t^eTo. TeAo? ^e eVo/et Ta^a9 Ti^V (TTpaTiav TI 6 TTorajLuos e? T^V TrdAtv eo-/?aAAet, /cat avOis O7ricr0 rfjs TrdAeco? rd^as trepovs, rj e^teto~tv efc 10 T^S TroAews o TTOTa/xds, TrpoeLTre T(o (TTpaTw, 6Vai' 8ta/:?aTov TO peWpov i8(i)on yevo/xevov, ecnevai ravryj e? T?)V TrdAtF. aas KCU ovcrav e'Aos. TOV TTOTa/xbv $iwpv)(i ecrayaywv, TO dp FIRST CAPTURE OF BABYLON. 29 peWpov 8ia/3aTov efvai eTroiTyo-cv, vTrovocrTrjo'aLVTOS TOV 15 Trora/zov. revo/zeVou 8e TOVTOV TOLOVTOV, ol Tlepvai 01 Trep TTayjJLVoi ^o~av ex avrw TOUT to, VTTO-VCVOVTY) KOTOS TOV }vs 25 ev Kvpry. Nvv #6 e^ a7rpoo"8oK?jToi' o~^>t 7rap-eo~T^o"av ot Ile/oo-at. 'Yvro 8e peyeOovs TT)S TroAews, TWV Tre/ot Ta oAews eaAw/coTWi/, ot TO / OVK epdvOavov ravra^ aAAa (eT eoprr)) tyoptvov re TOVTOV TOV \povov /cat Iv evTra&t'cus 30 7yo"ai/, es o Srj KOLL TO aA^^es ttrvOovTO. B. SECOND CAPTURE OF BABYLON. 1. Serioiis revolt of the Babylonians from Darius. ?ret Se aTrecrTrjo-av eTrot^crav TOtovSe' Tas J^eAovTes, yvvaiKa eKarrTOS ^ttav 7rpoo~e^-7ypetTO, ^v efiov- ACTO, K TCOV eai'TOV OLKIW TO.S 8e AotTras aTracras LTT-eTTVL^aV TVJV 8e yu-tav eKao-TO? o-tT07rotov 5 'A.TT7rviav Be OLVTOLS iva ////) o~vAa/cats ot Ba/?vAcuvtot, ovSe creeds ofos r' 25 >Ji/ eAetv. 2. Zopyrus, encouraged by an omen, determines to deceive the Babylonians by feigning desertion, after first mutilating himself. 7 Evrai;$a et/cocrroj /zTyvt ZCOTTI^O) ra> Meya/^i^ov eyevero repa? ro8e* TCOV crtrot^opwi/ ry/itovajv avrov /JLLO. TKV. /cat I>TTO dyrto'Tta? avros 6 TO /?/0(^)O5, aTTetTTCOV TOt? l8oV(TL JJLrjStvl 5 (frpdfeiv TO yeyovos, /3ov\vero. Kai TT/OO? TO, TOV etrat Farnell's Herodotus Face page 30. A. Palace and Gardens B. "Palace of Belus" C. Borsippa Plan of BABYLON (after Baumstark.) Walker & Cockerel! sc. Plan of Babylon. (P. 30.) SECOND CAPTURE OF BABYLON. 31 .(oi/' (TVV yap $ew eKcivoV re eiTretv evo/xtcre, Ka6 r^ OLVTOV TKaV. '12$ 8e avru) eSoKet p.6p(rifJLOV eTvai yjSrj rrj Ba/3vA<3vt aAto-Kecr$at, TrpocreA^wv Aapaw aTreTrvvOdvtTo et Trept 10 TToAAoi; Trotetrat rryi/ Ba^vAtova eAetv. Ilv^o/xevos Se ws oV Tt/XWTO, /3oV\VTO OTTCO? ttLTOS T eWaf, 6 !Awi/ at eavrou TO e/ayov ecrrat. "AAAw? FV^ OVAC Svvaros elvdi viro\ipiav avrrjv TroiTJvai, ti fJLrj eavrov Aw^cra/xevos avTO//,oA^(refci/ Is aiJTOi^s. 'Evrav^a, 15 ev \aJK- CTTOV aTTora/xwv yap eairrov T^I/ ptva /cat TO, wra, /cat r^i/ KOJJL^V /caK'ws TreptKeipas, Kal /xacrrtywcras eavrov Se Kapra fiapews r^veyKev t8wv avSpa SOKL^JHO- 20 raroi/ AeAw^^evov. " EK re rov Opovov av dv-efiorjve re Kat rjperd yu,tv ocrrts et?/ 6 '0 8e etTrei/' " OVK ecrrtv OVTO? aV^p (ort ^ (TV) a> eo~Tfc 8i;i/a/zts TocravTr) e/mt Sr] (5Se 8ta^6J/af ov8e rts aAAor/otwv, <5 /3acrL\ev, ra8e etpyacrrat, aAA' aiJTos eyw e//,ai;TOV, 25 Setvov rt 7rotoi;/zeFos 'Acrcruptovs Ilep Ta) OVO/JLOL TO KOVfjLVov<$ cravrov avr/Kecrrcos SiaOeivai. Tt 8e, (5 /xdrate, AeA(o/?7]/x6Voi; o"oi; Oacrvov ol TroAe'/xtot Trapa-crTrjO'OVTai ; 30 IIw? OVK e-eTrAewras rcov ^>evwi/ (ravrov Sta- Et //-ei^ TO6 vTrep-eOrjKa o~ot a r|//,eAAov Se?' vvv 8e ITT' JJLOLVTOV 32 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. 35 /^oAo/xeyos 7rpaa. "Hcfy ovv, eav ///>) TWI/ 3. Zopyrus discloses the plan by which he hopes to effect the capture of Babylon. 'Eya> /zei/ yap, ws e^co, avTO]mo\r]o-w Is TO ret^o? KGU Trpos avTOi;s a> -UTTO O-QV Tack ttraOov' Kal SOKW, aijrovg ravra e^etv oirroo, Tv^(rOai crrpartas s ra^ov Kara rag 2e/xt- aAAovs /zot ra^ov Sccr^tAtovs Kara rvAas 1 yotera 5e ravra t'/At6vtot, Kat 8^ Kat TWV TrvAwi' Ta? ^ To 8e kvrevOev eaot T /' eavrov, 7ra6f.lv 5e rairra Stort crvyLt/^ovAevcretei/ avra) a7rav-t(TTavat r^y (TTyoartav, 7Tt 8?) ovSets TTO^OOS ^atvotro TTJS dAoxrecus. " Nui/ re," e<^7y Aeywv, " eya> {'/xtv, w B jjLyio~Tov dyaOov, Aapetw 8e /cat r^ (rrpartct /cat /xeytcrrov /ca/cov* ov yap 8^ e//,e ye wSe /caraTT/oot^erat* eTrtVrajnat Se avrou Tracras ras Steo8ovs 15 TCOV /^ovAev/xarwv.'' Totavra 4'AeyeV ot 8e Ba/^vAcovtot opwvrcs avSpa TOV kv Ilepcrats 8oKt/xwTarov /kvos re Kat wrwv IcrTtpr}- //-evov, /xaort^t re /cat at/zart ava-7T(^i;/o/xvov, TTOLVV Aeyetv avrov dX.rjOrj /cat TJKIV eavrots 20 V^ 7riTp7TO~OaL TOtyU,Ot T^CTaV TTCtVTa (OI/ eSctTO* eSetro 8e crrpaTtas. *0 8e eVet aiJTwv TOVTO TrapeAa/^ev, CTrotet a TTC/O Aapetw e^ayayw^ yap T^ SeKarrj r^jLepa rrjv TWV o~TpaTtav /cat /cv/cAaxra^evos TO^S ^tAtovs, 25 oi)s TrpojTOV? ev-TtAaTO Aapetw Ta^at, TOVTOVS /caT- Aapetoi> crT/jaTtamov TOI>S (W^At'ovs. 'I5oi/T5 Se /cat TOVTO TO epyov ot Ba/3i> Awvto* Travres ZojTrupoy et^ov ev (rro//,acrt f "0 Se avOis SiaAtTrcov ras (rvyKtifJievas rjfjiepa 35 S TO TrpO-eipyfJLtVOV, KOA, KVK /\CO(ja^erO Ka.T-6vV(T TOT? TTpaKLcr-^i\,Lov?. '!2s 5e /cat TOVTO KareipycuTTO, Trdvra 8rj rjv V Tots Ba/^AtoFans ZcoTr^yoo?, /cat err paraphs re OVTOS /cat Ti\o<$>vXa; a7r-e5eSet/cTO. TLpocr/3oX.r)V 6"e Aa/oetov /caTa TO, cr^y/cet/xeva TTOLOV^VOV TO Tt^05, tVTOLvOa $YJ TTOLVTd TUV 86X.OV 6 Z(D7TVpOS ti/ei/* ot /zev yap Ba/^Awytot aFa/^ai/Te? eVt TO as T Kto~o~ta? /cat s TO 45 TWF Se Ba/S^Awi/tcov, ot /zei/ etSov TO TroirjOev, OVTOL es TOU Ato? TOV BryAov TO te/ooV ot 8e ov/c efSov, JJLVOV tv rfj eavrov Ta^et e/cao-Tos, es o 87) Kat o^Tot 5. Punishment inflicted on the Babylonians, and honours heaped upon Zopyrus. Ba/2t> Aa>v /zev vw OVTW TO SeuTepov rjptOri. Aapetos 7ret e/cpaT^cre TCOV Ba^i;Awna>i/, TO /xev Tet^os Trept-et /cat Tas Tri'Aas wdcras a7T-6o~7rao-e* (TO yap Trporepov e wya 67rot?/o"e TO7;TWF oi'SeVepov). T\ KOpvaiovV vcrrepov yei'o/zeVtoi/ OVTC rwv TrporepoVj on //.?) Kvpos /zoVos* (TOVTCO yap ovSets 10 ITepcrcov T^twcre TTW eavrov (ru/z^aAeti/). IIoAAaKts 6e Aapetoi/ Aeyerat yv^^v r^vSe a7ro8efc'ao"$ai, ws /3ov\oiro av ZwTTVpov eTvai d-TraOrj T?Js at/cta? /zaAAov ^ Ba/?i;A(o^as or! CLKOO-L irpos ry ovcry Trpoarytveo-Oai. 'Ertyu-Tycre Se avrov yu,yaAws* /cac ya/o Sw^oa ot ava Trav ero? eStSof a nepo^at? 15 ecrrt rt/xtwrara, KCU TT)V Ba/^uAwra ot e8w/o ?yv a^tV^ros, ^XP L ^ ^ 5 Aayoetov 10 v f) /3attav j Kacrrr]v eTrwAet TT/OWTOI/ /tev T>)V evetSeo-Tar^v eic 7Ttra 8^, O7TCDS ttVT^ VpOV(Ta TToX.V dv-e/c^/oi'cr(rev r) /xer' e/cetv^v "Ocrot /xe^ 87) evSat'/ e7rtya/AOt ? ovrot I'T 10 dAATyAovs e^wvovvro ras /caAAtoTevovo~as' ocrot Se rov 8rjfjiov eTTiyafJiOL rjvav, et'Soi^s \p7](TTOV ov Seoyuevot, XP 7 ?" /zara re Kat alfr\iova^ irapOevovs eAa/x^avoi/. l ^s yap &)) Ste^-eA^ot 6 K?]pv TTwAwv ras 6Vt8OTaTCtS TOJV Trap^ei/wv, aVt'cmy av r^v d/xop(^ecrTaT>^ ?) e'/zTn/poV rtva, 115 Kat dvcKripvcrcrev' oVrts 8e e^eAot eAa^to-rov \pvviov THE BABYLONIAN WIFE-MARKET. 37 \a/3tov vvvoiKtiv avrrj, roirrw Trpocr-eKetro rj Kat OVTWS at evfjiopffxti rots dfJLopovs Kat e Se TT)V eavrou Ovyarepa (5 rivt /3ov\OLTO OTJK T}V. 20 XIV. Two STORIES OF THE ALCMAEONID FAMILY. (a) How Alcmaeon, the founder of the family , was enriched by Croesus. Qi 'AA/c//,ata)V/8at rj&av /xev Kat TraAat XafJLTTpol Iv rats 'A^vat?, CXTTO 8e 'AA/cpxtWos Acat avBis Meya/cAovs eyevovro /cat Kapra Xa^LTrpoi. '0 yap 'AA/c^uatcuv rrvfj,7rpa.KT(op eytyi/ero rots e/c 2apSea)i> Ai;8ots 7ra/oa Kpotcrov a^tKi/oi'/vtej/ots, Kat a-vv-tXdfJb/Save TrpoOv/uuDS' /cat 5 K/ootcros TTvOo/JLevos Tavra /zeTaTre/zTrerat avroi/ is 2a/o8ets. 'A^)t/co/xevov 8e Swyoetrat ^pvcrut TOCTOVTM ocrov av Svv ra> ea^rou crco/xart /3aOvv KaraAtTTo/zevos TO(J ^trtovos, Kat KoOopvovs oi)s 10 yvpurKtv evpyrdrovs oVras V7ro8^cra//,evos, $t es TOV Brjoravpov. 'EcTTrecrwv 8e es crw/oov ^^yjiiaros TT/OCOTOV yu,ev Trapa ra Kv>y/zas 6'trov rov x/ vcro ^ ^X^P OVV ^ /xerci Se rov KoA?rov TrdVra TrATyo-a/xevo? TOV ^pvcrov, Kat 15 es ras rpi)(as rfjs KaA7]s StaTrcitcras TOI; ^y^taros, Kat aAAo Xa/3u)V es TO crro/xa, f-?/et CK TOV Orjcravpov 38 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. fjiev /xoyts rovs KoOopvovs, Travrl Se TLVL CIKOJS /xaAAov 1} dvOpwTrip-' TO re yap (rro/x,a e/3e/^i;i>ta> rvpavvw ytyverat Ovydrrjp, fj rjv 'AyapiorTrj. Tavr^v ^eAryo' t^evpwv rov apicrTOV, TOVTW yvvaiKa ovi/ oVrco^ 6 KActcr^ev^?, vtKwi/ ev 5 reOpiTnro), KrjpvyiJLa TOVTO eTrotyycraro' " ocrrts 'EAA^vcov tavrbv dioi KAetcr^evou? ya/x/^po? yevecr^at, ^KCTW es a, tos KvpMcrovTos KAetcr^evovs ror ydfjiov eV ocrot rwv 'EAA^vwv T^crai/ ea/i>TO?s re /cat 10 Trar/oa e^wy/cw/xevot 6(/>o/TO)V jjLvrjorrrjpes' e/c Se 'A^vwy Meya/cA^? re 6 'AA/c^tatwvos, rov Trapd K/)otcroi/ Kat e l7T7roKAet87y5 Ttcraj/Spov TrAoimo /t/ fJidXtcrra TMV pvricrTrjpwv rjpe&KOVTO 01 20 a?r Farnell's Herodotus Face page 39. Fancy Dancing. Vomptes Rendus de la Commission Arch, de St. Petersburg, 1881. (P. 39. Flute Playing. Comptes Rendus de la Commission Arch, de St. Petersburg, 1881. (P. 39.) THE ALCMAEONID FAMILY. 39 6 Tio-dvSpov. e !2 oe rj Kvpia ry/xepa lyiyvTO TT}? /cara- KAicrea)? TOU ydjjiov, Ovcras /3ovs e/carov 6 KAeto-^ev^s ei'w^et auTous re roi)s fJLvrjcrTrjpas Kal ^iKvtaviovs Trcxvra?. 'fis Se eoWTTV^crav, ot fjivrjo-rrj pes eptv er^oi/ a/x^)t jJLOvo-iKrj' e T>Js TTOCTCW? 6 e l7T7ro/p,t, ro> Se Meya/cAet TU> 'AA/pap^i/aia)v v eA^etv re 7rt TO (TTrjptov Kal dffriKeorOai es Aoyov? ^Ereapx /3ao~iAer /cat TTW? IK Aoycov aAAwv d^iKOvro Is ?rept TOV NctAoi;, a>s ovSets o?e Tas Tr^yas avTou. '0 5e i7 iXOtiv TTOTC Trap' eairroy Nacra/xwi/as , ot, epioTWjjLevoi et' Tt e^ovcrt TrAeov Aeyetv Trept TWV S At/Ji;r;5, e^acrav Trap' eavTots yereV^at TratSas i'^pto~Tas, ot aAAa TC TTt-pto-o-a /cat ST) /i SoAoevTOS a/cpas, ^ TeAevTa T^S Ai/3vr)$, oiKov&t AiySves ^at Ai/Svwv tOvt) TroAAa, Farnell's Herodotus Face page 41. Pygmy and Cranes. Comptes Rendus de la Commission Arch, de St. Pttersbourg, 1865. (P. 41.) Relief at Athens showing the waist of a trireme. (Baumeister, Denkmdler.) (P. 52.) THE PIGMIES IN CENTRAL AFEICA. 41 ocrov "EAA^res /cat ^otVt/ces l^ovcrf TO, 8e /ca$- e TOVTUV OrjpiwSrjs eVrtv ^ Aifivt]' ra Se KaOvirepOe 20 Tys OrjpiuSovs ^a/z/xos re eo~Tt /cat avv8pos Setvcos /cat prjfJLos Travrwv. Ot ovv veartat, cos e^acrav ot Nacra/ztoves, 1>7TO TWV ^Al/CCOl/, vScLTl T /Cat (TtTtOtS V fjvav irpurov plv 8ta T-^S ot/cov/^ev^s* Tavryv Be 25 Is T^t^ OrjpnoSrj a^)t/co^TO, e/c Se t-6^-?;crai/, r^v 68ov TTOLOV^VOL TT/OOS avefjiov. teeA^oi/res 5e ^coyooi/ TroAi't' ^a//,^tc68^ /cat ev TroAAats fjfJLtpais. elSov $TJ Trore SevSpea ei/ TreStco Tre^v/cora, /cat 7rpo(TA^oi/Te yJTrrovro rov CTT-OI/TOS eTTt TCUV SevSpcoi/ 3 KOLpTTOV' ULTTTOfJieVOiS 8e ttlJTOt? TT-f]\9oV av8p$ CT/Xt/C^Ot, /xerpttov eAacro-oves di/Spwv, Aa^ovres 5e -^yov avro?;s St' eAtov jLteytcrrcoi/, /cat 8te^eA^o^res ravra a^iKovro Is TroAtv ev |J Trai/res 7^crai/ tcrot rots dyowt TO ^.eye^os, 8e jU,eAaves. Ha/Da 8e r^v TroAtv eppet Trora/xos 35 eppet S' d<^>' ecrTrepas Trpos ^ tol/ aVareAAovra, ec^at I/OVTO Se ev avrco /cpo/coSet Aot. '0 yoiev 8?) roi? 'AfJLfJLUvtov 'Erea/ox ov Aoyos es TOIJTO /^ot 8e8i]Atocr^a>, irXrjv OTL aTrovocrrrjcraL re 4'^ roi)s Nacrayatovas, a>s ot Kijp^vatot e'Aeyov, /cat roi)s avOpMirovs, 4 eg oi)s ovrot a^ucovTo, yorjTas tivau aTravras. Toi^ Se ST) TrorafjLov TOVTOV 'Ereap^os crvv-/3dX.X6TO efi/at rov NetAov. 42 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. B. THE AETHIOPIANS. 1. The "Long-lived" Aethiopians, dwelling in South Africa, defy Cambyses, the king of Persia. "The Table of the Sun. " TTOTC o a^icr^? o-T/oaretav CTTI TOI>S ?tovs At$to7ras, oiKOVfJLevovs Ai/3vrjs eTTt rfj i/orta OaXdcro'rj. "ESoe Se avrw TT/OWTOI/ /caroTrras aTrocrreAAeti/, 6\j/OpVOVS T TY)V V TOVTOIS TOtS AlQloifyl XyOfJLVl]V elvai fjXiOV rpoLTrefav el tvTiv aA^cos, /cat TT/)OS ravrrj ra aAAa ra> yacrtAet avrwv. *H 8e T^aTrefa rou r)\iov rotate rts Aeyerat efvaf AetyLtwv ecrrtv e^ TO) Trpoacrreta) eTTtTrAews kpewv 6(ov 10 Trai/Twv TWV rerpaTroSwv, Is ov ras /xer VVKTGIS TiOeao-i ra Kpa ot ev reAet oVres, rots 5e ^/zepas SatVirrat Trpocriwv 6 /^ovAd/xevo?. Ot 8e eTrt^wptot ^>acrt ravra T^V yfjv avrr]V ava^tSovat e/cacrrore. *H //.ev 8^ rpoLTrefa rov r)X.iov KaXovfuevr] Aeyerat efrat 15 rotaSe. KafA/Bvo-rj 8c ws e'8o^ 7re//,7reti/ rrjv crav. 'ETret 8e dtfriKovTo tTrejuiTrev avrovs es rovs ei/TtAa//,vos a Aeyetv XPV V > $wpa (fr 20 re ef/^a /cat \pvcrovv (rrpeTTTOV irepiavytviov Kal \f/eXia KOL [JLVpOV dXd/3a(TTpOV KOL 6V oV av rwv dcrralv 25 //,eyto~ToV re en/at /cat /cara TO //,ey$os e^etv T^I/ TOUTOI/ a^toixrt /3ao-tAei>tv. TOVTOVS 6">) OTJJ/ TOi;? avSpOLS (OS ddyoi, St&Wes ra 8wpa rw /^acrtAet avrwv e'Aeyov BacrtAevs 6 Ilepcrwv Ka//,^vo"7y5 ^ovAo/xevo? (/>tAo9 30 /cat ^evog (rot yevecr^at, ^/xa? re aTreTre/z^ev, 5 Aoyovs eXOeiv KeAeL'wv, /cat Sajpa ravrd crot &&ocrt, ofs /cat jLtaAtcrra rjSerat ^pw/xevos." '0 8e AiOioijs fmaOcbv ort /caroTrrat ^'/cotev Aeyet rotaSe* <<; Ov're 6 Ilepcrwv fiacnXevs Sco/oa (frepovras /5oi;Ao/xei/os e/xot ei/os yevecrOai, Aeyere dXrjOrj (rjKT yap /caroTrrat TT}? ovre eKetvos ai/7y/) ecrrt St/catos* et yap -^v St'/auos, oiV av e/r-e^u/xTyo-e x^pas aAA^s ^ r^s eavrov, OVT' dV e dvOptoTrovs fjytv !><' a>v ovSei/ ^St/c^rat. 40 Oe avra> TO^OJ/ roSe StSovres raSe eV^ Aeyere* 4 BacrtAevs 6 At'^tOTTWv crv/x/^ovAevet rw Hepo-wi/ /?ao-tAet, rore CTT' At^toTras rov? fjicu7] cfvat, 8o\epd avrcov ra 5 eiuara. Aevrepov Se Tiepl TOV ^pvo-ov irepiav^viov 7JpTO KOL TTepl TMV l^eAtWV ^yOVfJLVMV $ TWl/ J I^Ovo(^>dyMV, yeAacras 6 /3ao-i\ViKTo KOL tTrvOtTO avrov rrjv 7rot^o~tv, VTreprjvOels TO> 7roju,aTt 7r-r)peTO 6 /SaartXtvs o TL cnrovvTai ol Tlepcrai Kal OTTOO-OV fJiaKporarov dvrjp Tlepcrrjs rj. 01 Se o~tTto~^at TO v apTOV ^>ao~ai/, e^y7yo~a/xevot TWV 7riy)tav T^F dvSpl 7rpOKi(r6ai. Tipos ravra 6 AiOtoif/ T; eVry /xev es etKocrt /t rjyrjcraro, ac/>' rjs XovofJitvoi eytyrovTO, KaOaTrtp et fXaiov r) Kprjvrj eirj, w{e 8' aV ws et LWV. 'Ao-$eves Se TO v8(jt)p T'ijs Kpijvrjs ovTb) 8ij TI eAeyov elvai ol KaTdwr/coTroi ojcrre ^8ev otov r' etVat e?r' avroi; 7rt7rAetF, //,^T6 uAoi/ yu,7yTe ocra ^vAov 10 6(^ei/TWV a^Tcov, rjyayci/ 6 evs eg TO 6W/zamy/Hoy, ev^a ot 7rai/TS ev TreSats 15 o~Tt 6"e ev TOUTOIS TO6S KlOLoi^i 6 vOS TravTwv CTTravtwTaTOV feat Tt/uorraTOV. 0eacra/xevot Se TO 8eo~/xa>T^piov iBedcrai'TO /cat T>}V TOW rjXiov Aeyo/ieV^v Geacrcx/zevot Se Trdvra diraXXda-crovTai OTTLCT^. 4. Frenzied and disastrous expeditions of Cambyses against the Aethiopians. 8e TWV KaTctcr/coTrwr Ta{jTa, avriKa o s, ovVe 7rapao~Kvr)V (rirov ovScpiav Trapayyei Aas Aoyov ea^TO) 8oi;s 6Vt eg Ta ecr^ara yrj? rj/zeAAe o~rpa- TV(rcr0ai" oia Se e^/xav^g T wi> Kat ov (frpevrjprjs, w? vJKove T&V 7 l)(&voos* vvv 8> ovSeva Aoyov TTOIOV^VO^ yet det es TO Trpocro). Ot Se crrpaTiumxt, ewg fjiev TL ?^ov CK rrjs yrjs Aa/x^dvetr, 15 7TOir]V 67T61 > T>)v \pdjJLfJLOV OifcKve?rat es G?j^as TroAAovs a7roAeo"as rou crr/oarov. XVI. NARRATIVE OF THE BATTLE OF SALAMIS, 480 B.C. [^e^i years a/^er ^e cZe/ea^ o/ ^/ie Persians at Marathon, 490 B.C., Zeroes, wfo cawe ^o ^e throne in 485 B.C., executed another invasion of Greece on an enormous scale both by land and sea. His land forces were to march round by the northern coasts of the Aegean Sea, and down into Greece by way of Thessaly, and the fleet was to accompany them as nearly as possible along the coast. No real opposition ivas encountered till they came to the Pass of Thermopylae where the Spartans made their heroic stand. When the Spartans had been betrayed and cut to pieces, the Persians were enabled to overrun Boeotia and Attica without opposition. Simultaneously with the fghting at Thermopylae naval engagements had taken place near by betiveen the Persians and Greeks off Artemisium, where the Greek navy had first taken up its station. The Greeks had rather the best of the contest, but they determined, BATTLE OF SALAMIS. 47 mainly on account of the defeat of the Spartans at Thermopylae, to retire southwards. The island of Salamis was chosen as their next station, chiefly in order to enable the Athenian fleet to transport their ivives and children and moveable property to that place of refuge. Meanwhile the Persian army occupied Athens, and captured the Acropolis where a few defenders had made a stand ; while the fleet followed the Greek navy and took up a position opposite to it off the coast of Attica. At this point the text begins.'] 1. On hearing of the capture of Athens by the Persians under their king Xerxes, the Greek naval commanders, seized with a panic, determine to abandon their position at Salamis, and to retire to the Isthmus of Corinth. An Athenian points out to Themistocles the fatal consequences that this would involve to the ivhole Greek cause. Ol oe ev ^ZaXafuvL "EAA^res, cos avrots e^-rjjyeXOr^ ws e'cr^e ra irepl TYJV 'AOrjvwv aKpoiroXiv, es TOCTOVTOV Oopvfiov dfbiKOVTO oKrre evtoi TWV (TTpaTrjywv e? re ras vavs ecr-eTTiTTTOv KOLL ten La rjpavro cos a7ro$ei>cro/zevor rots T VTrO\L7TOfJieVOiS aVTWV ZKVpwOr) TTpO TOV 'IcrOfJLOV 5 vavua)(iv. Nv T eytyvero /cat ot, SiaXvBevrts e/c TOV as l&vpitaSrjs Kare\tiv (W^creTat ovre ri a.v6p(o7T(j}V aAAos* aVoAetTat re 07 'EAAas a/3oi>Atats. 'AAA' et' Tts O~Tt fjLrjxavr], Wi /cat Tretpto Sta^eat ra j^va, ear TTWS 6\'y?7 dvayvcocrai Evyot^taS^j,' wcrre 2. Urged by Themistodes, Euribiades recalls the meeting. fietort of Themistodes to the Corinthian admiral. Ka/ora &*) rw Ge/zto-ro/cAet rj/oecrev 7} VTTO^K:^, /V KOLVOV TL jLa (TVfJi,fJ,iai' 6 8' avrov es r^v vaijv K\evev 5 ecrfidvra Aeyetv. et' rt ^eAet. 'Ei/rcru^a 6 QjjLLCTTOK\r)s Trapi^ofJLevos ot KaraAeyet Kivd T Trcxvra a r/Kovcre Mv^crt^/Aov /cat aAAa TroAAa 7r/DO(rrt$ets, e? o dveyrwcrev 4'/c re re- roi'5 (TTparrjyov^ es TO TOV Adyov J>v eVe/ca crvv-^yaye TOIJS TrdAA 7 eAeyei/ 6 Be/xto-To/cAr}? ofa Kapra Sed/ Aeyovro? Se avrov, 6 Ko^otV^tos crT/oar^yos 'ASet/z V c **fl Ge/xtcrro/cAets, ev rots o.yoxrti/ ot 77po-^-av- " Ot 3e ye l 3. Speech of Thucydides on the advantages of remaining at Salamis. Tore //-ey ?}7rtcus Trpos ro^ Kopt'v$tov rjp^iif/aTO' Trpos Se dSrji' eAeye TaSe* ~I'arnels Tales from, Herodotus , pp. 48, 49. BAY OF ELEU After -plan in- Grates Greece,, Vo l.IV. London: M BATTLE or SALAMIS B.C. 48O ENGLISH MILES 10 I 2 3 Ian & Co. L*f BATTLE OF SALAMIS. 49 (rot vvv eo~rt o"wo~at rr)V aa, eav e/zot vjmaxiav avrov /zevcoy Trot^ p;8e ava~cvys TT/OOS TOV 'Icr$/u)V ras vaus. ITpwrov //-ei/ yap ev (rrerca o-v/x/^aAAovres vai'crtv oAtyat? Trpos TroAAas, T)V ra fiKora IK rov TroXcfjLov /c/?atv?/, TroAv K parser op.tv' TO yap ev crreva) vai/xa^eti/ Trpos fjfjiwv Icrrtv, ev evpv^ajpia Se Trpos e/cetVcov. A^^ts Se 2aAa/zts Tre/otytyyerat, es rji/ 9]/X,tV V7TK-KLTaL T6KVOL T Kttfc yi;VatKS. Kat /X^V 6/AOt(OS aijroi; re /xei/cov /cat Trpos rco 'IcrO/Jiw 7rpovavjuia)(rfcris TTJS IleAoTrovv^croi', ov8' avrovs, etTrep eu t^povets, a^ets eTTt T?)V IleAoTroj/VT/o-o^. "Hv Se ye a eya> eATTtfw Ko.1 viK^o-tojJiev rats vatmF, ovre i>//iV Is TOV Trapecroi/rat ot /3dpf3apoi, ovre 7rpo/3ijcrovTaL e/ re Aoyw to? ea^ et?7 /cat TroAt? /cat y>J /xet^wv rj Trep e/cetvots,, ew? a> 50 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. 6\a/tos* " 2i? et /xevets ai'roi;, /cat /xeVwv aV?)p ayaOos ecret, et Se /XT), dvarpeifseis rr)v ^EAAaSa. 'AAA' e//,ot TretOoV et 8e /AT) ra-ura Trot^cret?, 15 7}/xets /x,er ws e'xo/^ev, avaAa^ovres TOT;? otKeras, KOJJLLOV- jj,0a es 2tyoti/ TT)V Iv 'IraAta, (^ Trep ^/zerepa re ecrrtv e/c TraAatov, KGU ra Aoyta Aeyet ort !>' ^wv Set avrrjv KTio~6rjvaiY vfjieis 8e (rv/x/xa^wv rotwvSe /xovw^e^Tes fjL[JLvr)O'(T6e rco]/ e/AWV Aoywv." 20 Tavra 5e Ge/xt(7TOKAous Aeyovros av-eStSacrKero Evpi- /3idSr)s' aTToAtTTOvrwv yap 'A^Tivatwi/, ovKen av eyt- yvovro a^to/xa^ot ot AotTrot. Taur^i/ 5e T^ atpecrat avroij 5. Alarmed at the proximity of the Persian flwt, the resolu- tion of the Greeks is again shaken. Themistocles however compels them to stay by a stratagem: he sends a secret messenger to the Persians, feigning treachery, and per- suades them to cut off the retreat of the Greek fleet during the night. Ot 8e Ile/xrat dv-rjyov ras vavs e-TTt TT)V 2aAa/xtva /cat 7rap-Kpi9rio-av Stara^^eFres KaO' r)((opa Sop/aAcoVov /xev , ol Se 'AOyvaioi Kal AlyiVTJrai KOI Meyapeis ^ T0 ^ /^vorras dfJLVVyO(xo~o]/Ta 6Vt ot "EAA^ves 20 jibv /3ovX.vovTai KaroppwSrjKOTts' Kal vvv irapk^ei v VJJLOLS e^oycov CXTTCXVTCOV ee/)yao-ao-#cu, ^v /x^ SiaSpdvras avrovs' ovre yap cxAA^Aots 6/xo- pOVOV(TLV OVT tXVTtO"T7]CTOVTat U/>ttV, TT^OOS eaVTOVS T o^ecr^e vav/zaxowTas TOT;S TO, vptrtpa ffcpovovvras Kal 25 TO US /X^." e O /x,ei^ ravrd crc^t o~ry/x^a e/<7rocSco^ cxTT^AAacrcreTO' TO?S 8e cos TTtcTTcx eyevcTo TCX cxyyeA$VTa, CTretS?) eyiyvovro fjLecrai Fv/cTes aVTJyov TO cxc/)' o~7repa,s /cepas KVK\ovfJitvoL Trpos TT)V 2aAajitt^a, KaT-etx^^ T" e ^XP L Motrtt^td^ 30 TTcitvTa TOV TropOuov Tats vavcrL. TcoySe Se eve/ca dvTJyov TCXS vavs tVa 6^ Tots "EAAyyo-t /x^8e (frvyelv e^etTy, aAA' ev T^ 2aAa^u,tvt 8otei/ TLCTLV TCOV ITT' 52 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. 6. The Persian movements are reported by Aristides, an old opponent of Themistocles, with whom he is now reconciled. Twr Be eV IZaXajjiivi (rrpar^ytov tyiyvero Aoywv TroAvs* fjvav 8e OI/'TTW ort Trept-e/cv/cAouvro ea rats vavarlv ol /3dp/3apoi. ^vv-ecmy KOTOW Se Tc3y crrpa- TrjyuHs, e Alyivrjs 8i/3rj 'Apio-retS^s 6 5 dvrjp 'A^vato? /xev e^-oocrTyoa/cicr/Aevos 8e IUTTO ov yw vevofJLLKa, irvvOavofJitvos avrov rov T/OOTTOV, aptcrrov avSpa yeve&Oai ev 'A^vats /cat StKcuoraroi/. 6 av7)/o crras 7rt TO Aea, ovra jnev ai;ro) ov 10 /xaAta-ra* VTTO 8e /xeye^oi;? rwi/ irapovruv KLVU>v 7TOiov[JLi>os e^-e/caAetTO, e^cAwv aiJ Ilyoo-aK^Koet Se ort o~7reu8otev ot dvro avayetv ras vaus TT/OOS TOV 'Icr^//-ov. *12s 8e e^rjXOe Oe/Ato-rofcA^s, eAeyev ' Apio-TeiSirjs ra8e* 15 " H/ms o-raa-ta^eiv ^p^v ecrrtv 4V re rw aAAw Acatpw, KOU S^ /cat ev roSSe Trept rov oTrore/Qo? ^wv TrAetw dyaOa TTJV irarpiSa epydcrtrai. Aeyw Se rot ort tcrov eart TroAAa re /cat oAtya Aeyetv Trept aTTOTrAoi; rov tvrevOev. 'Eya> yap avroTTTTys rot yevoyue^os Aeyw ort vui/, oi>8' 20 >}v OeXuxTi YiopivOioi re /cat avros Ei'pt/?tdc8?y9 ? ofot re ecrovrat e/c?r Aevcrat Trepte^d/xe^a yap I'TTO Twy TroAe- /ci;/cAa>. ? AAA' ecreA$a>i/ ravra 7. ^ Themistocles 1 request, Aristides announces the news in person to the Council : but they remain incredulous until the report is confirmed by some deserters. " Kapra re BATTLE OF SAL AMIS. 53 Kal ev rjyyetAas' a yap eyw eSeo/^v yevecr^at avros avroTTTT/s yevo/zevos ry/ceis. "Icr#t yap e />w>u ra TTOLOV[JLVa V7TO M^StoV c'Sei y<*/0, OT OV^ KOVTS es JJLOL^V KaOio-TacrOai ot "EAA^ve?, aKOvras 5 . ^v 8e 7ret TTC^O i^Ket? xpTjcrra aTray- yeAAwF, avros o^c^t ayyetAov ^v yap eya> avra Aeyco 8o^a> TrAacras Aeyetv. 'ETrav 8e (rrjp,r}vr)s, r/v /xev Tret^covrat, raura 6^ TO, /caAAtcrTo, ecrrat,' r)v Se a-urots ^ TTiorra yev^rat ravra, ofwiov rjfMV ecrraf ov yap 10 Tt SiaSpdcrovrai, et Trep Trepie^ofJieOa Trai/ra^o^ei/, (05 crv Aeyet?." Tavra eAeye 7rapeA(9a)V 6 'Apto-retSTys, X l/ ^ v ^/ 2O IlavatTtos 6 Scocra/zevovs, 77 ?T6p 87) Ic^epe TT)V aA^$tav Tracrai/. 8. ^OM? ^e 6a^e began. Tot? Se "EAA^o-tv (os 7riVyr)l/ T/oa7rovTO, 6VTav6(JL at TrAetcrTat 8ts aTroSet^o/z-evot tpyov rt /cat avrot ySacriAet, rats aAAats Favcrt rats favyovcrai$ irepi-tTrnrTOV. Ttov 8e /3ap/3dpwv es (^vyrfv r/oaTro/zei'ODi/ /cat e/c- TrAeovrwv TT^OOS TO <&d\.r)poV) A.lyivrJTai -u7roo~TavTS ei/ TO) TTOpOfJuu epya aTT-eSet^avTO Aoyoi* dia' ol fjLev yap 15 'AOrjvaioi V TO> Oopvfiw 6Kpdiov rds re dvOio-rafJLtvas KOL Tas ^euyovcras TWV vewj/, ot 8e Atytv^Tat Tas e/c- TrAeoiVas* OTTWS Se Ttve? Tot;s 'AOyvaiovs 8iavyoiev, (f)p6fjivoi eo~-7rt7TTOv ? TOW Atytv^Tas. Ot 8e y8a/)- fiapoi wv at v?Js Trept-eyevovTo favyovres a^iKovro es 20 XYII. How GOLD is PROCURED IN INDIA AMONG THE ANT-BEARS. 'Ev T>7 TW i/ 'Ii/Swi/ X^/^ c(7Ttv tprjfjiia Sid rrjv ^a/x/xov Iv 8^ ovv T?y eprjfjiia ravry Kal rrj ^a/z/zco yiyvovrai /zeye^o^ e'^ovTes icwcSv /xev eAao~o~ov aAco- 8e juet^oi/' etVt ya^o Ttves avTtoi/ /cat Trapa y8ao~t- Ae? TW Ileyocra)^ evrevOev OvjptvOtVTes. Oirrot 01;^ ot fJLVp[JL7]KS 7TOlOVfJiVOl OtK^CTtV "UTTO y^V dvaOpOV(Tl TTjV \f/dp,p,ov KaOdnep ol ev Tots "EAA^o-t fjLvpfjLrjKts, to~t Se /cat avTot efSo? 6/zotoTaTot. *H Se ^a^o? 17 ava- O~Tt VO~iTlS' 7Tt 8 56 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. 10 (rreAAovTat es TTJV cpvjfMV ol 'IvSot, ^ei^a/ 'E7T V t oVaySatvet, eTTtTTySevcra? OTTOJS aVo TCKVMV w? vewraroov a7roo~7racra9 {ctSci* at yap /ca/x^Aot ITTTTWV 15 ts ra^VT^Ta eto~t, ^((opts 6"e d^Brj TroXv ) 'Iv8ot TjOOTTO) TOIOVTW Kal {ci'^et roiavTrj Xpwuevoi zXavvovo-iV 7rl rbv ^pvo~bv AeAoytcryotevws OTTCD? KavfJidTWV TWV OepfJiordrMv ovrwi/ eVovrat ei/ T^ 20 apTrayrj' VTTO yap rov Kav/Jiaros ol fJLVpfJi^Ke^ a ytyvovrat -UTTO y/Ji/. ; E7rav 8e eA&txriv es TOF ot 'Ii/Sot e^op'Te? OvXaKia, e/XTrA^cravTe? ravra r?Js \jsdfJLfJiOV TTJV Ta^tcrT7/F lAavFovcrtv OTTtcrw avrLKa yap ol fJLVp^rjK(7T, t JUT) 7rpovXdfJi/3avov ol ? Iv5ot r?Js oSov av a^Tw^ aTr-ecrwfero. Ot /xev vuv ap(Tves TWV A-wv, icrt yap ^o"TO9 re 0"Tt <^>vo^.J/os /ToveraL ov /3a0ia, Trepl Se avrrjv /cat ev avT^ avAt^erat TTOV 6?] pi a TTTepwTa, 15 Tat? WKTpi) 0} 20 eo~Ttv ov/c e^orcrtv etTretv, opViBas /zeyaAas c/>opetv TauTa Ta Kapffrr] a ^/>cet, (XTTO KCOF /za^o'vTe?, /ctva//,o>ju,ov /caAou/xev. Qopovcri 8e at es veocro-ta? 7T/ooo-7re7rAao-/Aeva e/c irrjXov TT/OOS opeo~tv, ev^a 7rpoo~/?acrt5 av^pcoTrco ovSepia 25 eo~Ttv. IIpos ow 8^ Ta^Ta qt 'Apa^tot croc^t^ovcrt TaoV /3owv re /cat ovwv /cat TCOV aAAo>v vTro^ytwv Ta 8taTe/^ovTas w? /zeyto-Ta, KOfrifowiV es ravTa ra /cat Oevres ay^ov TWV veocrcrtwv a7raAAao~o~ovTat e/cas airrwv. At 8e opvtOes /caTa?reTO/xei/at TO, /xeA?y TWV 30 58 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. iMv dva<>opov(Tiv 7rl rots veocrcridV at 8e ov 8vvd- ivytiv KaTappijyvvvTai irrl yfjv ol Se eTTioV crvAAey overt rov /ava//, (6) Further wonders in Arabia Carts for the sheep's tails. Avo 6 yevr) ottof avrois ecrrt OavjjLaros ct^ta, a OvSafJLOV Tpto)Ot (TTl. To jU,^ yap OLVTMV TpOV ^t ras ovpas /za/cpas, r/ota>v ?r?;>(ecoF OVK eXacrcrovas' as et TIS 8e* 'ETrav <^a/ceAoi;s pd/SSwv /xeyaAovs evey/cwvrat, ^ei/res ^a/xat, Sie^eAtcrcroi'crtv avroi;s, /$6S /cara /xtav crvvTiOeacriv. AVTTJ pkv or(f)L f) fjiavTiKr] Trarpwa ecrrtv. o K avSpas rpets rovs euSo/ct^ovvras /^aAto-ra rcoi/ /xa SCYTHIAN PROPHETS. 59 ot rpoVo) TW iprjfj,V(p fjLavrevovTat' /cat Aeyowtv 10 OVTOL u>s TO tTTLTrav fJidXuTTa T(x8e, (os ra? /3acnX.Las eCTTtaS 7TLO)pKrjK TtS, AeyOVTCS TWV do-TWV OF ttl/ Sr) (Tas 8e ^ao"tAta? eo~rtas vo^o? 2/ci;$Gus eo~riv Tore, eTrav rov /^eytcrrov opKov e6^eAa)o~t^ o/x- vwcu.) AvriKa $e StetA^/z/xevo? ayerat oirros ov ay 15 6>) (frwcriv 7TLopKrj(raL' a<^ty//For Se eAey>(ovo~tF ot a>5 7rtoyo/c7yo-a9 (^atVerat ev riy jmavriKfj ra? ecrrtas, icat Sta ra^ra aAyet 6 /Sac 'O Se api/etrat, OTJ (^a^ievos tTTiopKYJcrai, KOL Aoyetrat. 20 'Apvovfmevov Se TO^TOV, 6 /3aa-iXevs /zeTa7re//-7rerat StVAacrto^s /xavrets' Kat eav /zev Kat oijTOt, 5 T^V fJLOLVTLKTtlV) KaTa8>Jo~WO~tF 7TlOpKfjO'ai, v0a>s T^V KeaAr)v dworefJivovo-L Kal ra x/ 07 ?- avrov SLaXay^di'ovcnv ot Trpwrot TCOI/ /xavrewv* 25 eav 8e ot eTreA^ovre? ^tavrets a7roAiVcoo-tv, aAAot Tra'p- eto~t /zai/ret?, /cat /xaAa aAAot. 'EaV ovv ot TOV avOpwTTOV aTToAucrcuo-t, SeSo/crat rots TT/OCOTOI? ots d,7roAAi;o~^at. (6) ZTo?/; ^7ie prophets themselves are put to death when mistaken. 'A?roAA{>crt o^ra avroi;? T^OTTCO rotwoV eTrav a/ pvydvuv TrXrjcruHTL Kal VTTO^V^O-L fiovs, e/zTr roi;? //caret? /cat ^etpas OTTtcra) 8^o~aFT5 /cat o-ro/zw- 9, K(LTipyvv(Tiv eg //o~a rot tao~t tfrofirjcravTes rovs /3ovs. IIoAAot 5 /3oi;? o-vy/cara/caovrat rots /xavrtcrt, TroAAot Se 60 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. 7TpLKKaVjJiVOi OiTTO()VyOVO~lV 67TOLV aVTWV pVfJLOS KOLTa- KavOrf. Kara/cacnm 8t T/SOTTW TW etpr^eVo) /cat cV aAAas 10 atrtas TOI>S /idVrets, ^evSo/xai/rets KaAovvres. Oik 8 7 CtV OL7TOKTLVy /3aCTl Ae^S, TOIJTWF O7J TOT>? TTtttSttS AetVet, aAAa Trai^ra ra apcreva /cretVet, rot 8e 6yj\ea OVK XX. THE POWER OF CUSTOM. "E/cacrTot vojJLifovcri TTO\V n KaAAiVrovs TOT;S e T ecrrt (TTaOfjuocrao-Ocu, Kal $r] /cat ra>Se' Aapetos 67rt T^S lavrov upx*js KaAecras "EAA^ras L' o 8e CTT ovev6 <=r}fJLeiv piv tKeXtvov. NOTES. i. GAMES INVENTED BY THE LYDIANS. 1. ^curlv 01 AvSol, /c.r.X. As a matter of fact, most of the games mentioned were of much greater antiquity than is implied ; but Herodotus very properly abstains from spoiling a good story by disputing the accuracy of its details. 3. Mdvcw, a genitive employed in Ionic Greek from nouns in -775 of the first declension. Manes was the mythical founder and earliest king of the Lydian nation, as Romulus was of the Roman. 4. dvd r-fjv AvSiav ira' eavrwv, ' by themselves. ' 'E?ri, lit. upon, is often used with the genitive to denote ' place where ' ; hence with a person it frequently means ' in the presence of ' ; thus e0' eavrCbv = ' in their own presence,' i.e. 'alone, by themselves.' 12. TrXTJo-avTa 8e TOV "yaX., ' having satisfied (them) with the milk.' Hi/uL7r\r]/uLL, like the adjectives TrXews, Tr\r)pr)s, and the Latin plenus, 'full,' is followed by the genitive of the substance with which a thing is filled. 14. pT|Jovo-i. Pres. indicative for the optative, cf. on vm. A, 3, 1. 7. 21. iroXv TJV, ' was often-repeated.' 25. KdXovvras TOV apTov, supply j8e/cos, ' found that the Phrygians called bread by that name. ' III. CROCODILES IN EGYPT. 4. Ko,TpoL in the plural signifies ' each set, or group, of people. ' 17. KCITOL T-f|v <|>s with the geni- tive absolute see on vin. B, 3, 1. 15 ; the force of it here is ' feeling, or recognising that this fate had now been absolutely decreed against him,' i.e., he saw that it was no use to expos- tulate further in the hope of obtaining a reprieve. 24. iroiT]T] Xe^ycov, ' he went on to say. ' 16. avnrbs ... irc'irpcrycvaL, nominative with the infinitive as referring to the subject of the principle verb. Notice that when a verb has a second or strong perfect it is regularly intransitive. Thus TreTrpaya = I have fared ; TrtTrpaxa, ' I have done, or transacted.' Cf. oXwXa, I have perished; 6Act>Ae/ca, 'I have destroyed.' 17- i't], optative because in oratio obliqua. NOTES. 65 (b.) 3. jAc'xpi TrXirjOovo-. cryopds, 'until the filling of the market, 'a technical term for one of the four divisions of the day, which are elsewhere given by Herod, as follows, 6p0pos, the early morning ; dyopds TrXyOoi'xTrjs (or Tr\rj6vovX.avpov, ' too much frivolity,' 'an excess of frivolity.' Adverbs preceded by the article are often employed in Greek as if they were adjectives, e.g. oi vvv tivdpes, ' the men of the present day ' ; 6 irplv xpovos, 'the former time.' 10, 11. xp"n v TTpo-TTciv, 'you ought to transact (but you don't), ' lit. 'It would be your duty (if you did what was right) ', for xPW >< TrpdrTciv is really the apodosis of an unfulfilled condition, the protasis being implied ; the particle &i>, which is almost invariably required in such cases, is usually omitted with the imperfects xprfv (or exprjv), tdei, and a few other verbs. 13. 4JKOVS. Intransitive, see Vocab. CLKOVU. 19, 20. TO |Xpos, adverbial, 'in turn.' 4. ^K\iTTV &v, fj-yov &v, ' he used to steal,' 'they used to bring him,' etc. The imperfect or aorist indicative are some- times used with &v, in what is called an ' iterative ' sense, i.e. to express repeated action in the past. It is supposed that the construction is the protasis of a conditional sentence of the type employed to express unfulfilled condition, thus, tTrpa^a av - ' (If I ever had had a chance) I would have done it,' i.e. 'I did it whenever I got the chance,' 'I constantly did it.' In such cases the imperfect is distinguished from the aorist as implying that the repeated action is also continuous ; thus K\eirTv &v 7repu86s, derived from Kiddpa (whence the word 'guitar') 'a lyre,' and adeiv 'to sing,' signifies 'one who sings to the lyre,' hence 'a lyric poet,' for in early times such poets not only composed poems capable of being set to music, but composed the music also, and sang their own songs to the lyre. TOV iroXvv TOV xpdvov, ' the greater part of his time.' Notice the usage, partly adjectival, partly substantival, of TroXta and also of TJfjLtavs accompanied by the article ; they are sub- stantival inasmuch as they have a noun in the genitive case (TOV xpovov in this instance) dependent upon them ; and they are also adjectival since they agree in gender with their noun, e.g., 77 TroAA.77 TT)S vrjaov., 'half the island,' TO TJ^KTV TOV ret^ous, 'half the wall.' 2. IlepioivSpa). See Vocab. of proper names. A favorable feature in the government of the Greek tyrants was the patronage they afforded to literature and art, and to poets in particular. Periander at Corinth, Polycrates at Samos, Pisistratus and his sons at Athens, Hiero at Syracuse, enter- tained the most distinguished poets of their day at their courts. 3. 'IraXiav T Kal SiKeXtav. In visiting these countries Arion was not going among a foreign people. For the coasts of Sicily and of Southern Italy were lined with cities founded by colonists from Greek states, and it was among these Greek- speaking cities that Arion displayed his poetical and musical talents. So numerous and important were these colonies in Southern Italy that the whole region acquired the name of Magna Graecia. 6. ovSdfiots. This word is frequent in Herodotus, but is not employed in later Greek authors, who use ovdeves in a similar manner. 12, 13. ri\v Tax.icrrrjv, adverbial accusative, supply 656> 'the quickest way,' 'as quickly as possible.' 21. vdjiov TOV 6p0iov, 'the Orthian Nome.' The N6/^os or Nome was the name of a particular kind of religious song, NOTES. 67 accompanied by the lyre, and appropriated to the worship of Apollo. The 'Orthian Nome ' was one written in a particular kind of metre known as the 6pdcos. 22. ws 6t\6, 'just as he was,' the verb being used in its intransitive signification, as in the phrase CLVCLKUS ei%ez/ below in 1. 29. 25. o>s Xe'-yovcri, ' as they (indefinite) say,' ' as the story goes.' 29, 30. 'fis 8c dpa irapfjcrav, ' when, they really came.' Arion had no doubt declared, in confirmation of his story, that the sailors would soon arrive at Corinth ; but Periander did not believe him, so that the particle dpa is appropriate, implying as it frequently does that a thing happens contrary to expectation. Cf. on vm. A, 3, 1. 3. 31, 32. -jrcpl 'IraXiav, 'somewhere in Italy,' implying that he was travelling round from city to city. VII. STORY OF EUENIUS. (a.) I. TjXiou Trpdpara, flocks sacred to the sun are mentioned in several passages in early Greek writers, in one of which they are said to number 350, corresponding perhaps to an old reckoning of the days of the year. 4. eviavTov, accus. of duration of time. 4, 5. 7Tpl iroXXov 8^| TTOIOVVTCU, ' esteem very highly. ' See on xi. B, 2, 1. 10. II. t\ criyrj. The verb is of course intransitive, 'kept in a state of silence,' ' held his peace.' 14. inra'Ya'yovTCS . . . t>irb SiKacr. We say ' before ' the court, or judge, and in Greek the more common preposition is els, but VTTO is employed in this passage somewhat as sub in the Latin ( sub judice,' 'under the consideration or decision of the judge.' (M 1. 'Eirel ^TvXcoo-av, pluperfect signification, cf. on viu. B, 3, 1. 10. 2. i, dativus commodi, 'did not bear for them.' 68 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. 5. ol 0oi, used for the priest or priestess at the oracles who were supposed to speak the words with which the god inspired them. It is mentioned onx. ad fin. , that the authorities presiding over the oracles were usually staunch upholders of morality, etc. ; similarly in this instance they condemn the blinding of Euenius as cruel and excessive. 7. ov -irpdrepov T. re is placed third instead of second, because ov -n-porepov form practically a single word. 8. irplv dv with the subjunctive = ' until,' is only used after a negative clause. (e.) 1. $\v (i\ovra, transl. ' on the possession of which.' 2. With irpotfOco-av ( = 7rpo-^0(Tav) understand TO, x/^cm^ta as object, 'Consigned them to certain citizens to carry out.' 3. i, dativus commodi, 'for the Apolloniates.' 5. Karepcuvov vTov (JiavT., ' a naturally-inspired power of prophecy,' in contrast to the same power acquired by education in the technicalities of signs and omens. VIII. STORY OF CYRUS. A. INFANCY OF CYHUS. 1. Mv. The Magi formed the priesthood of the Medes. They retained their priestly functions even after the Persians NOTES. 69 had secured the dominion, although they were ardent sup- porters of the Medes during the struggle for supremacy. The English word ' magic ' is derived from their name since they claimed to possess supernatural powers. 6. Towx8, ' such things as follow ' ; whereas roiavra means 'such things as mentioned.' There is the same distinction between rdde and Tavra, <35e and OUTWS, etc. 7. irpcL-yixa 8 &v irpocrOw, ' whatever task I shall impose upon you.' The relative is accompanied by &v and followed by the subjunctive to express futurity. We might have had simply 6 7rpoa-ri6r}/jLL, i.e. ' the particular task I am now imposing on you ' ; but the king wishes to prepare Harpagus beforehand, as it were, for some unpleasant mission. 8. 4s crcavTov, 'to your own house,' understand OLKLOLV, or some similar word. This is a familiar construction not only in Greek but also in English, e.g. *I went to Mr. Thompson's,' 'I was at Mr. Thompson's.' 9. |iToi. Adverbial ; see vocab. 10. <|>uXov, supply cm (Toi, 'If it is pleasing to thee.' 10, 11. XP"H 8^1 TO y [xbv {rmf]pTci /JLOL is simply the em- phatic ' me myself. ' 24. TO VTv0v, adverbial ' in the future. ' Ijxoi. Dative with dcr0aXeias, ' security to myself,' 'my own security.' 26, 27. TivcL TV 'Ao-T., 'one of Astyages' servants.' 2. 1, 2. POVKO\OV TLVOL TWV 'Ao-T., 'a certain herdsman from among the servants of Astyages.' 7. OTTOS dv Stcu^OapciTj. To express purpose after a primary tense OTTWS may be used with the subjunctive or sometimes with the future indicative. In this passage the place of the future indicative is taken by the optative with ai>, a con- struction which expresses futurity of a less distinct or certain nature, and which is really the apodosis of a conditional sentence, some sort of protasis being always expressed or implied. In many cases where there is no uncertainty at all, and where in English we use the simple future indicative, Greek is fond of using the vague or uncertain construction (i.e. the optative with #i>), especially in reference to anything unpleasant. Translate, * so that he may be likely to perish as soon as possible.' In this case the protasis or condition implied is something of this kind, ' If nothing unforeseen should happen.' 10. KKl(XVOVj Supply TO TraL^LOV. 2. Ti\v avrrjv 68dv. Cognate accusatives after ^'et, * he went the same way.' 3. &pa (which must be carefully distinguished from frpa) usually implies that something happens contrary to expec- tation. It may often be translated 'so then,' or 'after all,' but in this and other passages we must use some such phrase as 'strange to say,' or 'It so chanced that.' 7. 8 JJLTJ ISetv w<^\ov, 'that which I would that I had not seen.' "O0eXo^, lit. 'I ought,' is used with the present and aorist infinitive to express a wish which cannot be fulfilled. The present and aorist infinitive '(usually distinguished merely NOTES. 71 as ' continuous ' and ' momentary ' respectively) have in this case the full temporal force of present and past time, the former implying a wish that something could take place now, the latter that something had happened on a past occasion. O!KOS |iv -iras, /c.r.X. It is rare to find a sentence in Greek not introduced by some connecting particle, such as yap or de. In this instance the description is rendered more graphic by its omission. 13, 14. l'-q ... TToi^a-atjJii. The optative is employed because the herdsman is repeating Harpagus' words in oratio obliqua. 17. s &pa, 'that it was actually,' etc. Cf. above on 1. 3. 18. tfSc, not ofrros, because he has not yet shown the child. Cf. on 1, 1. 6. 3. Xa,po|JLVT] TCOV yova.Twv TOV dvSpoS; not 'clasping the knees of her husband,' but 'clasping her husband by the knees.' AafStadat, in this sense takes the genitive both of the person and of the part taken hold of. 4, 5. OVK &)yq otos T etvai, ' said he was not able. ' OVK, which really negatives the dependent clause, is always attached to (fry/mi in this way, so that ou (f>r)juLi acquires the sense of the Latin nego, 'I deny.' In Greek composition (f)T]/jLi ... OVK should be avoided, just as dico .. non in Latin. 7. lav JJITJ irot^a-T). Strictly speaking the optative is re- quired, since the whole sentence is dependent on the past tense &?? ; but the employment of the mood actually used in oratio recta by the herdsman adds life and reality to the nar- rative. Such constructions are very common in Greek. 9. wSc, 'thus,' referring to what follows; ourws, 'thus,' referring to what has gone before. Cf. on 1 , 1. 6. 10. ircura ava/yKT], supply earl, 'it is absolutely necessary.' 14, 15. oih- fjfxiv ...&TTCU, 'we shall have adopted an ex- cellent plan,' lit. 'it will not have been badly planned by us,' /3epov\v/jLvov e'crrcu being used impersonally. 1 4. T||J.IV. The agent is expressed in Greek by the dative case after the perfect or future-perfect passive, and after the ver- bals in -re'os, -reov in other cases by vwb with the genitive. 72 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. 26, 27. cISc 8ux TOVTCDV, ' had him seen by means of them. ' Of. above, 1,1. 24, KreiveL bC e^oO, ' is having him put to death by my agency.' Similarly in English we can say, ' He did it by proxy.' B. THE BOYHOOD OF CYRUS. 1. 1. ScKaerrjs. In Attic Greek this word signifies not ' ten years old,' but 'ten years long.' 4. TOV TOV PODK. 4-iriK. iratSa, * the son of the herdsman as he was called.' eiriKXrjffiv, an adverbial accusative (see Vocab. ). 6, 7. 60a\fibv pacriXews, evidently a familiar oriental expression, implying a confidential servant used by the king for secret inspection of his subjects and kingdom. The Lexicon states that a Chinese state-paper of 1834 speaks of the British superintendent as * the Barbarian eye. : 7. s, which can hardly be translated, accompanies phrases implying distribution. 13. en-el Taxi(rTa, ' as soon as ever ' ; Latin, quum primum. 15. s t)(, see Vocab. %w. 2. 7, 8. TavTd TOVTOV liroiTjcra, 'treated him in this manner.' In this sense iroieiv can take a double accusative : but in Attic Greek it is more usual to find an adverb and the accusative of the person only, thus /ca/ccDs or eft Troieiv TLVOL. 12. Is 8, 'until,' lit. 'until which (time).' 16. avcryva>pT|. Cf . above on A, 4, 1. 4. 31. dfAaXc-ycov. . .crrj|jiaiv, 'while saying these words, he at the same time gave a sign, etc.' In such cases Greek usually connects ct/xa with the participial clause, while in English the corresponding adverb is taken with the principle verb.. 35. avrdv, i.e. Astyages. 3. 1. TOV (BovKoXov ... K<|>rjvavTos, probably not genitive abso- lute, but simply dependent on \6yoi>, ' took less account of the herdsman, after he had revealed the truth.' 8. 'tva jx-fj X < yxH transl. ' it ivould have been necessary,' the sentence being one of unfulfilled condition in past time. The imperfect XPW has often, as in this instance, to do duty for the aorist, since the latter tense is wanting. 7. "Eo-ri re ... Kal irpiCTTi, < the boy lives and has survived,' i.e., he is still alive in spite of my efforts to get rid of him. 19. T[J cravrov fioipa. The instrumental dative, as if Treptet, 1 you survive ' were a passive verb = ' you are saved.' 20. i'0i \a,tpwv. The participle of xalpw is constantly used in this way, especially with the verb dTraXXdrro;, signifying not so much * rejoicing' as * unharmed,' ' with impunity.' 21. 22. ov Kara MIT., ' not after the standard of,' ' of a very different kind to.' NOTES. 75 C. THE MANHOOD OF CYRUS. 6. dve'imOev, 'kept urging them.' The preposition 'Avd (properly 'upon' or 'up') when compounded with TrelOu implies that the persuader has a difficult task. Our ex- pression 'uphill work' perhaps illustrates the force of the Greek preposition. The task of Harpagus was naturally a difficult one, since he had to persuade the Mecles not only to revolt against their king, but to do so in favour of Cyrus, a member of the rival Persian race. The same word is used in 1. 9, of Cyrus persuading the Persians, since it was no easy matter to induce a race to rebel which had for so long been used to the ascendancy of the Medes. 9. dvcnreicrci. Notice the employment of the indicative in place of the optative, and cf. note on B, 5, 1. 4. 13. &|>T| Xe-ywv, 'he went on to say' (lit. 'he said in his speech '). 14. &CCUTTOV x.ovra, accusative in apposition to fytfis the implied subject of the infinitive irapeivai. Similarly in 1. 19 XeXouytteVous, for which we might have expected the dative in agreement with avrols, is in the accusative to agree with the subject implied in n-ape'ivai. 19. 4s Tqv tio-Tpaav, 'on the next day.' In expressions of time Is (or els) implies some future occasion and usually signifies 'until.' Properly speaking it retains that meaning here, for they were to wait until the morrow, and then come. 24, 25. eirel curb Seitrvov fjcrav, ' when they had finished dinner,' a favourite idiom in Herodotus. 27. TroXv elvcu TO fxetrov, 'the difference was great indeed.' TO fj.ei KCLKO, 2x iv > 'brought to them (lit. had for them) all sorts of evils.' 20t, a shortened form of 0-0tv. See Vocab. of proper names, SdXwy. 4, 5. ircptfj'yov Kara TOVS GTJO-., ' led him all round the treasures.' /card, lit. 'downwards,' is frequently used with the accusative to express ' up and down,' ' all over,' e.g., Kara TTOVTOV, Kara TT\V irb\iv. 9. vvv ijiepos eirf]X0 |i, ' a desire has just now come upon me.' This is one of not a few cases where we are obliged to translate the Greek aorist (accompanied by certain adverbs of time) by the 'perfect with have,' and not by the English preterite. Cf. ^77 etdes in 11. 9, 10, 'you have already seen.' TToAAci/as eWov, 'I have often seen.' "lyuepos is chiefly poetical ; irL0v/j.ia is the common word for ' desire ' in Greek prose. NOTES. 77 9, 10. circpeoTciv ci' TWO, .. ctScs, ' to ask whom you have by this time seen,' etc. Et rts, lit. ' if anyone,' is not unfrequently used in the sense of the dependent interrogative ocrm, ' who.' 10. 'EXiritov tvcu, 'thinking himself to be.' 'J&Xirlfav, usually 'to hope', frequently signifies merely 'to expect,' whether of good or evil. It also comes to mean ' to imagine, deem, consider,' just as we often say in English, 'I expect thafc is so. ' ; To hope to be ' would require the future infinitive. 12. TO) 8vn, ' the real truth.' 15-17. TOVTO jxev . . . TOVTO 8e. Adverbial. 'In the first place in the second place. ' 16. KdXoi re KYiTovas. Perhaps the Megarians, with whom the Athenians carried on a long warfare during the lifetime of Solon. 20. dire'Oave, 'he perished,' or, 'was slain.' The passive of cLiroKrdvw is never used in good Greek prose, and its place is supplied by dwoOvrjo-KO}. (b.) 2. i'Sot. N.B. The optative, like the past tenses of the Latin subjunctive, is regularly used in an interrogative clause dependent on a past tense. 5. ToidSe, i.e., such as I am about to describe ; cf. on vm. A, 1, 1. 6. KCU 8^) Kat. This combination of particles is frequently used in introducing some additional fact on which greater emphasis is laid than on what has preceded. 'Arid moreover this story in particular, ' etc. 78 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. 7, 8. rfjv fxi]Tpa avrwv. She was the priestess of Hera, as we learn from other sources. 10. {uroSuvTcs. Notice that the strong aorist of the verb 5vu has always the middle meaning. 15. %ivov cfrj T9vdvcu jxcLXXov /c.T.X. Strictly speaking /ULCL\\OV is unnecessary after the comparative a^eivov ; but the word a/jL^ivov, like the Latin saepius, was so often used almost in a positive sense (cf. XIL, 1. 9, ov yap ajmcLvov = it is not well) that /uid\\ov became almost necessary to impart the full com- parative signification. These gloomy views about the miseries of existence seem to have been prevalent among many of the Greeks living about the time of Solon. They are not found in the earliest known Greek literature, the poems of Homer, and they are in no wise prominent in the great writers of the fifth century B.C., such as Pindar and the dramatic poets. 17, 18. r-fjv [At]Tpa (IfxciKapi^ov) olW K.T.A., 'congratulated the mother for being possessed of such children,' lit. * for what sort of children she possessed.' 24. iroiT)6oi>pbs iv avr^i evpio-Kerai &v)." Notice that the aorist dverpe^e must be trans- lated by the present tense. It is an example of what is called the ' gnomic ' aorist, because it was commonly employed in general precepts or proverbs (iWyiuu). It expresses that a thing has always happened in past instances, and continues to do so in the present. In English we pay attention to the latter and so use the present tense ; while the Greeks fixed their attention on the past instances and employed the aorist. (d.) 1. N|AXavpt. X. REVERENCE FOR SUPPLIANTS. 1. IlaKTVTjs. Pactyes was a Lydian whom Cyrus, after he had defeated Croesus and captured Sardis, appointed to collect the treasure of the rich inhabitants, Pactyes, however, after Cyrus had departed seized the opportunity of organizing a serious revolt against the Persians. Cyrus sent back a Persian army against him, and he was forced to fly. 4. 0ov TOV 4v BpcryxiScus. The god was Apollo ; and splendid ruins still remain at Branchidae of the temple here mentioned. 8. jxeXXotcv. The optative is regularly used in interrogative sentences which are dependent on a verb in past time. Notice that the future infinitive is the proper construction in prose after 13. &TX. p.'fi iroiTJcrai-, 'withheld the Cymaeans from doing.' Verbs expressing prevention, or denial, doubt, refusal, etc. , are usually followed, not by the simple infinitive, but by the infinitive accompanied by the negative JULTJ which must not be translated in English. In such cases the Greeks had in their NOTES. 81 minds, not the action which is prevented, but the negative result attained. 15. cs 8, ' until,' lit. until which (time). Cf. es rode in 1. 22. 18.* IK TTCIVTWV, ' on behalf of them all,' lit. (chosen as spokesman) 'out of them all.' 27- K irpovoias, ' of aforethought,' ' designedly.' e/c is often used with a substantive, or its equivalent, in place of a simple adverb, e.g., IK rov tjULfiavovs = /m&s, 'openly.' Closely analogous is the usage of our ' of ' in adverbial phrases such as 'of course,' 'of one's own accord,' ' of malice prepense.' 29. dXXa ocra ... yevi\. In translation 76/77 must be taken with &\\a but in Greek, as in Latin, the antecedent is very frequently placed in the relative clause, instead of outside it as in English. This story illustrates for us the fact that the oracles of the Greeks, whatever their shortcomings, staunchly maintained, in early times at any rate, the highest principles in the code of Greek morality and religion. Cf. on vn. b, 1. 5. XI. CAPTURES OF BABYLON. A. CAPTURE BY CYRUS. The river Euphrates flowed right through the centre of Babylon, and Queen Nitocris, according to Herodotus' account, carried on extensive operations both for the improvement of the river banks, and to secure easy communication between the two portions of the city. First of all she had an enormous hollow basin excavated at the side of the river above the city. She then had blocks of stone and burnt brick placed in readi- ness along the banks within the city. This done, the stream of the Euphrates was diverted into the basin, or hollow lake, so that the channel in the city below might be temporarily left dry. The w.orkmen immediately set about constructing an embankment along each side of the river in the city, and a large stone bridge to connect the two divisions of the town. So long did the lake take to fill, and so rapid were the operations of the men, that they, had concluded their task before the river had returned to its ordinary channel. 82 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. Such is the account given by Herodotus, and it has been mentioned here to enable readers to understand the stratagem by which Cyrus captured Babylon. 5. criTia TWV . . . uoXXwv, 'pro visions for many years.'' 10, 11. 6rav ... i'Swori. The construction of the oratio recta is retained, instead of being converted to the ore ... Wow of oratio obliqua. Cf. on viu. A, 3, 1. 7. 17. err' avTtp TOVTO>, ' f or this very purpose.' With this usage of eTTi, lit. 'on,' we may compare the English phrase, 'on this errand,' 'on this mission,' etc. 23. TCLS iruXiScis, the gates set where gaps were left in the masonry of the embankments, to admit of approach to the river from the streets. 30. loprrj. It is generally supposed that this refers to the feast of Belshazzar, described in Dan. c. v. There is, however, some degree of uncertainty about the matter. TOVTOV TOV xpdvov, 'during all this time.' B. RE-CAPTURK OF BABYLON BY DARIUS. 11. Cyrus was succeeded by his son Cambyses, but on the death of the latter, the Medes obtained a temporary ascendancy under one of the Magi, who pretended to be Smerdis, a brother of Cambyses. The Persians eventually recovered their supremacy, and Darius, a Persian of high rank, became king. During these discussions however, the Babylonians found an opportunity for a well-prepared rebellion, which, as we read in this passage, was only repressed with the greatest difficulty. 10, 11. povTiovTas ov8ev etc. Their confidence on this, as on the former occasion, arose from the strength of their fortifications. In ancient times any tolerably well-fortified city, carefully guarded, seems to have been practically im- pregnable ; and starvation or stratagem were usually the only means by which its capture could be effected. Even the little city of Plataea in Boeotia, with a mere handful of soldiers, was able to resist the most vigorous attacks of a large army of the best Greek warriors, and only submitted when the supply of food was exhausted. NOTES. 83 23. Kal 8f| Kal TOVTW /c.r.X., 'and indeed especially that also,' etc. Kal following after the adverb dtXXws or any part of aXXos accompanied by re, always lays particular emphasis on what follows, and may be translated 'and especially.' euros as the antecedent to 6's must often be translated not as 'this' but 'that,' e/ceu/os being less commonly employed in this case. 2. To8, 'the following.' See on vin. A, 1, 1. 6. 5. irpos TOL . . . p'fjfxara, ' bearing in mind ' etc. , lit. ' with reference to,' ' having regard to.' 7, 8. ... TCKCIV, ' for he thought that the man's remark, together with (re ... KCL'L] the fact of his mule having foaled pointed to the intervention of providence,' lit. 'he thought that both that man spoke, and his mule foaled under divine influence (cnV 0e).' 10, 11. ircpl iroXXov iroiiT0dvw takes the participial construction in place of the accusative with infinitive ; cf. on vm. C, 2, 1. 3. 33. Zwirvpov ... CTTOHCUTLV, 'had the name of Zopyrus on their lips.' 36, 37. irdvTo. 8-fj ^v, AC.T.X. 'Z. was everything to the Babylonians.' 45. Ttov BapvXcovtav, ot p.V . . . ofrroi, ' Those of the Baby- lonians who,' etc. Cf. note on oSrot, 1,1. 23. 2. !fcpci.TT]w*', ' umnixed-with barbarians.' NOTES. 85 15, 16. 8cSpa ... Tifxiwrara, ' (Such) gifts as are held in most esteem among the Persians.' Notice the imperfect edidov, of gifts renewed each year, in contrast to f5w/cei/ in the next line. 15. dvd irclv ros, distributive, 'every year.' 'A*/d, lit. 'up,' is often used in the sense of 'from top to bottom,' hence 'throughout' any place or space of time, e.g. dvd irdaav TTJV Tjuepav, ( all through the day.' Then by an easy transition it comes to imply that some action in itself momentary happens throughout a repetition of similar periods, e.g. dva irdo-av Tjfjiepai', f every day. ' XII. TOMB OF QUEEN NITOCRIS. Nitocris has already been mentioned at the beginning of the notes on No. xi. A. 3. KaTcrK\>ds, ' fear ') lit. 4 fearful,' * terrible,' ' awful,' is often used in Greek literature 86 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. like these English words in their colloquial or ' slang ' signification ; so here deivov resembles such expressions as 1 an awful shame ' or * a terrible pity.' Of course, however, it would not do to translate in this manner, since this would be translating into English ' slang ' what the Greeks did not regard as such at all. 14. bvSev, adverbially, 'not at all.' 15. 6n fcrcp, /c.T.A., ' because the corpse would be above his head as he drove through. ' die^eXavvovTi - el die^Xavvev, so that the sentence is one which implies an unfulfilled con- dition. 19. dvo>YS, imperfect from dvoiyw (or avolyvviu}. It is doubly augmented like eupwv from opd-w, and the aorist from the root ' oX XIII. THE BABYLONIAN WIFE-MARKET. 1. Kara K(6|ias iKaarras, 'throughout,' or 'in every village. ' Kara, lit. 'down,' is often used with the accusative, like the opposite dvd, 'up,' in the sense of 'up and down,' 'all through,' hence clistributively of something that takes place throughout a number of individual instances. (Cf . on xi. 5, 1. 15.) Similarly /caret /Jiiav eKao-rrjv in 1. 4= * one by one.' 2. 6 the optative implies indefinite, frequency in past time. ' As many maidens as became (each year) ripe for marriage. ' In the next clause translate the words in the order : ravras eajjyov es V %w. adp t OTTWS crvvay. Trdcras. 8. eirl s (see note on vui. B, 3, 1. 20) even though it is in the optative mood, to express indefinite frequency (cf. on 1. 2). ' After the herald had (on each occasion) sold off all (lit. gone through in his sale) the most beautiful,' etc. 18. |8i8ocrav, 'gave in wedlock, 'since the money by which the beautiful brides were bought, enabled husbands in their turn to be bought for the ugly. NOTES. 87 XIV. STORIES OF THE ALCMAEONID FAMILY. 2. dirb, ' from the time of,' 'after.' 9. v8is. Notice the distinction between the active IvStib) XLTWVCL, ' I put a tunic on (someone else),' and evdtiofjLat. %n-., ' I put it on myself.' evdtis, however, although an active form, signifies ' having put on (himself),' because the second or strong aorist active has the signification of the middle. 10, 11. ovs TjtfpurKV 6'vTas, 'which he found to be.' The participle and not the infinitive, is used after evpicrKu, because it has the force of a verb of perception. Cf. on vm. C, 2, 1. 3. 15. |XTa 8, adverbial, = ^ireira de. TOV xp v ' having filled with the gold,' see 16. Sicnracras TOV xl/TJ-yn-aTos, ' some of the gold-dust,' partitive genitive. (6.) 3. ywatKa, in apposition to ravr^v, ' to bestow her as wife.' 4. 'OXvfjnrtwv ... #VTCOV, the Olympic games were a religions festi\ 7 al in honour of Zeus. They took place every four years at Olympia in Elis, a western district of the Peloponnese, and they were regarded as the greatest periodical ceremony in the Hellenic world. During their celebration all warfare between Greek states was supposed to be in abeyance, and the Greeks of the highest rank crowded to the performance from every Greek city and colony around the coasts of the Mediterranean. Consequently Cleisthenes could have chosen no more suitable occasion for finding a distinguished husband for his daughter. 4. VIKWV. We might have expected the aorist j/i/ofa-as, ' having conquered,' but the present VIK&V perhaps expresses 1 while celebrating his victory/ for such an event was usually followed by a feast and thanksgiving service to a god, accompanied by songs composed specially for the occasion often by the best living poets. 7. os KvpwcrovTos, K.T.A., ' on the understanding that Cleisthenes would,' etc. See on viu. B, 3 ? 1. 15, 88 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. 10. jJLVT]crTfjp6s, appositional, 'came as suitors.' 11. 6 'A\Kfxauovos, supply vlos, the phrase being so common that the noun was taken for granted. In the next line the article also is omitted, ITTTT. Turavdpov. 15. dvcirvOcTo. The preposition avd when compounded with a verb has an intensifying force, ' made thorough en- quiries about.' This is easily traceable from the literal meaning 'up,' hence ' right up to the end.' |j.Ta 8, adverbial, = ^Tretra d. Kare'xwv Iviavrbv, ' keeping (them) for a year. ' 16. avrwv, gen. dependent on TTJS re dvdp. ... opyrjs, which are governed by dieTreiparo, ' made a trial of. ' 24. 'fls ... eSciirvqcrav, 'when they had dined,' see on vin. 3, 1. 10. P.OVO-IKTJ, the term includes both singing and playing and even dancing. Contests in these accomplishments were common among the Greeks from the earliest times, and were par- ticularly popular as an after-dinner amusement among Greek gentlemen. 25, 26. KdTexwv TOVS dXXovs, lit. 'restraining the rest,' probably in the sense of ' holding them spell-bound.' 28. KaC irws . . . wpxtTO, ' and he danced in a sort of manner which gave himself great pleasure.' 34. diroo-Tvywv, /c.r.X., 'detesting the idea of Hipp, be- coming his son-in-law,' lit. 'detesting (the thought) that H. should become ' : SLV yevfoOat. is of course the dependent form of &v yfroiTQ. 40. <|>POVT!S, supply ees di>5pv, ' smaller than men of medium size,' correspond closely enough. Had the accounts given to Herodotus been purely fictitious, the love of the marvellous would probably have ascribed to the Pigmies a size very much further below that of ordinary mankind. 4. ?x.i 4>pdcrcu. 'has (anything) to say about,' etc., i.e. 'is able to describe. ' Cf . Vocab. , ^%w. 8. CUJHKOVTO 4s Xeo'X'nv, 'fell into conversation about,' 'went on to talk about.' ws ' (saying) that,' a verb such as A^yopres being implied in the noun A&TX??*'. 11. irX.ov \Yiv, 'anything more than was already known,' 'anything new.' 13. clXXct T |iT]xav. ... Kcd 8pas ; similarly with TTJV 34, 35. TO [i < y9os and xpcofia are accusative of respect, ' in size,' etc. 39. 88i]Xco(r9. " The perfect imperative is most common in the third person singular of the passive, where it expresses a command that something just done or about to be done shall be decisive and final. " (Goodwin's Moods and Tenses, p. 33. ) Thus raurcL elp^adw = ' let this be said and no more. ' 43. NctXov, partly from the fact of there being crocodiles in it, and partly from the direction of its course from west to east ; for Herodotus goes on to use the following curious argument about the unknown course of the upper Nile : The Nile, the greatest river in Africa, must correspond, he says, to the Danube, the greatest river known to him in Europe ; and as the Danube flows for a long distance in its upper course from west to east, it is reasonable to conclude that the Nile does the same. The river here spoken of is more probably the Niger. B. THE AETHIOPIANS. 1.1- 1, 2. TOVS MaKpopfovs AlOtoiras, merely a mythical branch of the Aethiopian race. 2. o'lKoufie'vous Aipvrjs, /c.r.X. Ai(3vr)s is the partitive geni- tive, ' dwelling in (that part) of Libya (which is) on the Southern Sea.' 4, 5. 6x|/o|xvovs rf|v ... Tpa/rrctav ... cl &TTIV. The construc- tion is equivalent to o^ofjL. el TJ ... rpdirefa ten, l to see if the sun's table really exists.' This accusative which may be called anticipatory is regularly used after verbs of perception ; see on ix. (c) 1. 11. TpaTrefav is used in this passage for ' table,' not in its literal meaning, but in the sense of 'meal.' NOTES. 91 6. TO> Xd-yw, ' professedly, ' ' ostensibly. ' 8. C H Tpdirc^a TOV rjXiov. This is the only account we have of the so-called ' Sun's-Table.' The myth, doubtless, had no such literal explanation as that given below by Herodotus, but was perhaps a mere poetical fiction descriptive of the power of the sun in the Equatorial or neighbouring regions. 10, 11. TCLS vvKTas ... TCLS ... T)[Apas. The accusative not only expresses 'time how long,' but also, as in this case, the time during or ivithin which. 14. TJ ... TpaTTa ... KaXovjji^vT], 'the so-called table of the sun.' 16, 17. TCOV TX^- yvvrj e^ovaa dXd^affrpov /mvpov (3apvTL[jiov. 23-25. VOJAOLS 8c KCU dXXois ... rouoSc, ' besides other customs different from (those of) the rest of mankind, they employ the following in particular in connection with the sovereignty. For Kal aXXot? ... /cat dy /ecu, see on xi. B, 1, 1. 23; for /ce^wp. r&v &\\wv dvdp. -Kex> T&V vb/JLUv rCov &\\wv dvdpuTrw, see on vin. B, 2, 1. 17. 26. Kara TO jxfyeOos, ' in proportion to his stature.' 32, 33. ots . . . XP^K-^ 05 ? * i n tne use f which he too takes special delight.' 34. KCLToiTTaL. appositional, ' as spies.' 92 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. 35. O#T, /c.r.A., the negative properly belongs to /3ouX6/A6Pos, 'neither did the king send you ... because he wished.' 39, 40. otfr' &v . . . ^yev, notice the change from the aorist eTreOvfJi'rjffe to the imperf., 'neither would he be leading into slavery,' as if Cambyses had already begun the process, the sending of the spies being the first step. 44. otfrws virTws, * as easily as (I do it),' for he suits the action to the word (1.47). 45, 46. lirl vovv Tpir. AlGCoi|u, * put it into the mind of the Aethiopians, ' lit. ' for the Aethiopians. ' 2. 1. ijpTO 6ri eft]. Why optative? See on x., 1. 8. 8. cton, the mood as well as the tense of the oratio recta is often retained in the oratio obliqua, instead of being changed to the optative. Cf. 11. 13, 14, 17, and see on vin. A, 3, 1. 7. 13, 14. 6ir. xp vov paKporarov, * how much time at the longest,' or * what was the longest time that,' etc. 17. Ilpbs ravra, * thereupon.' lit. ' (in answer) to this.' ov8^v, adverbial. 18. Koirpov, alluding of course to the manure so essential in agriculture. 19. SvvourOai. What would this be in the oratio recta ? 20. pcl(>v TOV olvov, ' referring to the wine. ' 3. 5. @a|ia iroiovfiv elcv, ' they are likely to be long-lived on account of this water,' i.e. ' this water is likely to be, or probably is, the cause of their long life.' civ elev expresses that the writer is uncertain not about the fact of their long life, but as to whether it is really because of the water. cl |JLVOS = ovdev Xoyi^uez'os, 'without taking any consideration.' Cf. above on 3, 1. 5. 94 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. XVI. THE VICTORY OF SALAMIS. 1. s c^Tjyy&OT), aorist in pluperfect sense. Cf. on vin. B, 3, 1. 10. 2. cos &rx TO, irepl, /c.r.X., * how affairs stood with regard to,' etc. &7"%e, intransitive. 4. cos d-rroOcvorofAcvoi. c with the intention of,' etc. See on vin. B, 3, 1. 15. 5. TOV 'I, the Isthmus of Corinth. 6. Kal ot, 6s is here used as a demonstrative. See Vocab. 9. l't), optative because in an interrogative clause dependent on a past verb. 12. dpa has its force of ' contrary to expectation ' (see on vi., 1. 29, vin. A, 3, 1. 3), thus, 'you think you are going to fight for Greece at the Isthmus, but you will find that you will have no fatherland at all to fight for.' 14. ^Kdo-Toi, the plural implies collective bodies of men, 4 the men of each state.' 18. dVdYvcocrdi, * to win over.' dva in this verb as in avaweiOecrdai (vin. C, 1, 1. 6) has the force of ' winning back to one's side or opinion.' Notice that dvayLyvdo-Ku in Attic Greek never has this meaning, but signifies ' I read.' 3. 6\tv. In Attic prose the longer form, e0e'Xeii>, is more usual. 5. t TL 0&i, supply \eyeiv, *if he has anything to say.' The mood of the oratio recta is retained, instead of being changed to the optative. Cf. on vni. A, 4, 1. 7. 6. KdTdXryci, ' goes through in detail. 10. 'Hs 8* dpd, ' and when actually.' Cf. above on 1, 1. 12. 11. TOV Xo^yov wv ^VKd = rbv \6y. TOVTWV wv ev., 'his account of those things for the sake of which,' transl. l his reasons for assembling,' etc. > nas a pluperfect force. NOTES. 95 1. Tore [AV, ' at that time on the one hand ' implies eVetra de, 'but afterwards.' This subsequent occasion occurs in 4, 1. 6 seq. 3. 'Ev Xd-yo) Sie'paivev, lit. 'he crossed over in his remarks,' i.e., ' he transferred his remarks to,' etc. 12, 13. Sv el ... &rei. This sentence is merely the protasis of a conditional, with the apodosis or principal clause not ex- pressed but implied. Thus : ' if you will remain and play the man (all will be well).' This usage occurs in not a few instances in Greek, where the implied apodosis admits of no doubt. 15. ws Q. cf. on avayvuffan., 1, 1. 18, and see Vocab. 96 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. 21. 22. dv eyi-yvovro. We might expect rather the aorist in reference to past time. The imperfect, however, takes us back to the sentiments of Eurybiades, (He felt that) ' they would be,' etc. 22. TO.VTTJV, explained by avrou ^h. diavavjui. 23. 8iavav|xax.iv. Notice the intensifying force of dia, * fight to the end. ' 3. Is rf)v -uo-rcpatav. We must translate ' on the morrow ' as if it were ev ry vo-repaia, but es is used like the Latin in with the accusative to express that something is done with a view to or looking ahead to a future occasion. l Against ' is sometimes used in a similar manner. 14. irXofa, 'in a boat,' but the dative is probably instru- mental with TT^ciTrei, ' sends by means of a boat. ' 18, 19. Tv-yxdvei Pov\6fi,vos, ' happens to wish. ' Notice the participial construction after Tvyx&vw. 24. dXXo) ... TwSc, ' on this occasion above all others.' See on xi. B, 1, 1. 23. 16, 17. irepl TOV oiroTcpos ... Ip^d-crcTca, 4 as to which of us shall perform.' The clause o-rrorepos ... tpydaeTai is treated as a quasi-substantive to which the definite article TOV is pre- fixed, lit. * about the (question as to).' 7. 1. XP 1 ! " 8iaK\vi, i.e. with regard to their working together for the common good ( 6, 1. 15 etc.). 2. d implies an antecedent rotircw, genitive dependent on avToirTiys. 18, 19. eimOovTo TO, IJayyeXOcVra, see Vocab. for con- struction. 2. ws vcu>fjiax.TjcrovTs, 'with the intention of,' etc. For ws with the participle, see vm. B, 3, 1. 15. 98 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. 4, 5. eirl irpvjjivav avcKpovovro, ' were backing water,' lit. ' were thrusting, or rowing, back (their ships) stern wards.' In 1. 12, the phrase is slightly varied, wpv^vav avaKpovea6e, lit. ' thrusting back the stern. ' 5. Notice the force of the imperfects aveKpovovro and &K\\ov, ' were just on the point of backing,' etc. 11. p^xpi* irocrov, supply -^pbvov^ ' for how long ? ' 2. TO ... icrircpas Kpas, the wing, properly on the north- west, which had been sent to cut off the retreat of the Greeks towards the Bay of Eleusis. Cf. on 5, 1. 29. 5. 4v rfj 2aX.ap.ivL. In contrast to other vessels which were destroyed outside the straits while trying to escape from the scene of action to Phalerum. See 10, 1. 13. 7. epmvoi, ' as they hastened on,' NOTES. 99 21. virb TOV irtlov o-TpciTov, 'under the shelter of their land-force.' It must be remembered that in those days ships of war were light enough to be beached and drawn up on the shore, and thus could be protected by a land-army. XVII. GOLD PROCURED IN INDIA AMONG ANT-BEARS. 3. jAe'-yeOos . . . KVVWV 2Xacropov. This term is usually applied to an outside horse in a chariot-team which pulls by the trace only and not by the yoke. In this instance it signifies 'a led-camel.' These two male led-camels do not assist, it will be noticed, in carrying either the man or the burden. They are taken partly as a means of arresting the pursuit by sacrificing first one and then the other male camel to the ant-bears (1. 27), and partly, it would seem, because the female alone would have endeavoured to return home to her young ones before reaching the land of the ant-bears at all. It is somewhat surprising that Herodotus, who is usually so careful in the details of his descriptions, does not explain the matter more fully. 26. irpovXdfipavov, contr. from irpo-eKajjifiavov. 28, 29. -irapaXiiovTcu \KOfJivoi, /c.r.X., ' are set loose, when they begin to drag, but not both at the same time,' in order that the pursuers may be twice delayed by a capture. Compare the tales of escapes from wolves in Russia. 30. IvSiSdcuri [xaX. ovSe'v, * show no sign of flagging. ' XVIII. How THE SPICES OF ARABIA ARE OBTAINED. (a) 7. TO jj.6-y0os ... TO ctSos, accusative of respect, ' in size,' * in appearance. ' 12. Pvpcrcus Kal SepfJtao-Lv dXXois. Both (3up(r. and depjm. signify ' hides,' but it is supposed that pvpacus in this passage 100 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. stands for * ox-hides, 'the commonest kind, and dlp]u,as jifyurra, ' cutting up the limbs in as large pieces as possible.' See Vocab., 'fis. 3, 4. ds cl' TIS, K.r.X., 'and if one were to suffer them to drag these, they would have sores owing to their tails rubbing along the ground.' The relative pronoun both in Greek and Latin must often, especially after a semicolon or full stop, be turned in English by ' and ' with a demonstrative pronoun. Notice the apparent pun in e(f>t\Keu> and e\Krj which can hardly be represented in English. 6. eirtorraTai . . . TOavTaivo/j.aL, for distinction between (pcLLvofjiaL with infinitive and with participle. 19. ov 4>ct[Avos ear., 'declaring he has not,' etc. In such cases o), which properly belongs to the dependent verb in the infinitive, is placed closely before 0^, just as in Latin 'nego me fecisse,' = dico me non fecisse. 27. fidXa dXXoi, 'many others,' lit. 'others to a great extent or number.' 28. Se'SoKTcu, /c.r.X. , 'it is decreed for the first set of prophets to be put to death.' The perfect 5e5o/crat is used almost with a present signification, implying that the decree has been made and is still in force. The dative after the verb in this instance has not its usual meaning of ' seem good to,' ' be resolved upon by,' but ' it is decreed against.' (ft.) 2. ejjnroStoravTcs. In Attic prose this word usually signifies ' hinder.' TAL* ?I(OM HERODOTUS. XX. THE POWER OF CUSTOM. 3. rwSc, 'tjie following,' see on viu. A, 1, 1. 6. 5. <(>' OTTOO-O) ... xp'HH LaTl J 'for what price,' c on what terms.' 8. 'Iv8wv TOVS KaX. K. , ' the race of Indians who are called Callatiae.' 11. KaraKactv irvpi, this being of course the Greek custom. VOCABULARY I. An asterisk placed against a Greek word implies that it is not found, at any rate under normal conditions, in the language of Attic Prose, and is therefore not to be used in Prose Composition. An asterisk against some particular signification implies that the Greek word, though employed in Attic Prose, is not used in that sense. A. dpcruXia, 77, want of good coun- sel, imprudence. s, -r), -6v, good, also brave. (dyado-epyia), i), good service. &yaX|j.a, TO (lit. a glory, honour, hence) a statue or image in honour of a god. fryav, too much, too. *opos, -ov, adj. bearing a message, hence as subst. a messenger. dyyeXXw, to give a message, report. s, TO, a jar, pail, urn etc. v, TO, a fish-hook. }xoo-vvT], i] (a privative and yvufjLy), want of sense, in- discretion. d-yopd, 77, assembly, hence place of assembly, market-place. d-yopevco, (lit. to speak in the ayopd), speak, say. d-ypa, i], *mode of catching. 6/ypos, o, field, land, also country as opposed to town. > adv. and prep, cum gen. near. d-yco (strong aor. tfyayov), (1) lead ; middle in same sense. (2) Like Latin due ere, con- sider, deem. d/ywv, -w^os, 6 (from ayw, pro- perly an assembly for games or athletic contents, hence), contest, game. qL-yc6vi(r|j.a, TO (from ayuvlfa, take part in a contest), *con- test, *combat. 6s, 6, brother. ctSiKos, -ov, unjust, wicked; adverb, ddiKus. 103 104 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. dSiKw (-eo>), verb, act wrongly ; cum ace. wrong, injure. - dSvrov, TO, innermost shrine. dci, adv. always. a8, fut. acrojuicu, aor. g, (ra, sing. *d9Xos, 6, contest, especially for a prize, also task. *dflXo<|><>pos, -ov ((fxEpw), bearing off the prize, victorious. dQpoos, -a, -ov, adj. all at once, all together. alGpia, i), open sky. aiKia, T], outrage. alfJia, TO, blood. cup.ao-ia, i], a wall, made of loose stones etc. *alvw (-fo),fut. cuVeVw, praise. ai'|, alyos, 6, or T/, goat. "fcal-rroXiov, TO, herd of goats. alpTos, -rj, -bv, verbal adj. (from cupouyttcu), fit to be chosen, desirable. al'pw, dpcD, lift, raise. atpeiv io-ria, hoist sail, sail off. alpw (-eoj), aiprjaw, strong aor. el\oi>, take, capture ; in mid- dle, aipovfjicu, perf. yprj/mai, take for oneself, choose. alorOdvofJtai, fut. alaOrjcrofjiCLL, strong aor. -ffffOo^v, perceive, learn. alo-xpoKp8TJs, -es (itcpdos, gain), basely eager for gain, sor- did. a, -6v, comp. superl. afox Lar s> base, shame- ful. Adv. aio-pus , TO (properly neuter of adj. aiTios), cause, alwv, -Covos, 6, lifetime, life, also age. *aKav9w8i]s, -es, thorny. OLKTJKOWS, See CLKOlJd). XKUVT]TOS, -os, adj. unmoved, un- disturbed (a privative and KivG), move). CIKOS. r6, cure, remedy. OLKOVCO, fut. cLKovcrofjiCLL, perf. aKrjKoa, hear cum ace. of a thing, but gen. of a person, often also cum gen. of a thing ; with KCLKWS, e$, a/JLeivov etc. dKoveiv=to hear oneself called, have a report, thus afjieivov aKovew, to have a better re- putation. &Kpa, subst. fern, (properly fern, of aKpos, high), peak, top, promontory. dKpips, adv. of a.Kpi(37]s, ex- actly. dKpo-TroXts (the high part of the city), citadel ; especially the Acropolis at Athens. &KWV (d privative and e/o6z>), un- willing. dXdpacrros or -rpos, 6, alabaster box. dX-yw (-ew), verb, have pain, am . ill. *&Xiv|/is, -ews, TJ, anointing, process of anointing. dXt|0La, i], truth. dX^O-qs, -es, true. Adv. -us. dXif]9iv6s, -17, -bv, genuine. VOCABULARY I, 105 ^ *dXct, rj, assembly. x*dXio>, fut. -lew, make to as- semble, collect. &Xis, adv. (lit. crowded or as- sembled together), in abun- dance, enough. dXio-KOfxai, fut. dXaJcroyttcu, perf. edXw/ca or r/Xw/ca, aor. ed\ojv or TI\WV, am caught, captured, convicted etc. *O,XKTJ, i], strength, prowess, fighting-power. *&XKIJXOS, -ov, strong, coura- geous. dXXd, conj. but. dXXtjXovs, -as, -a (no nominative- possible from the sense of the word], one another. *dXXr]Xo-<|>avia, i) ((frayeiv, to eat), eating one another, cannibalism. dXXos, -T], -ov, other ; #XXos . . . aXXos, one ... another, or one ..." one, see note on i. 1. 6 ; 6 &\\os, the remaining ; oi ctXXot, the rest. dXXdrpios, -a. -ov, belonging to another, hence strange, foreign ; oi dXKorptoi, the strangers, foreigners. &XXws (adv. of aXXos), other- wise, also otherwise than is right, heedlessly, vainly. &Xos, -ov, adj. (d privative andfjLop(pi}, shape), misshapen, ugly. Comp. dfj.opi8^aL, at (d/j.(j>i, around, 5^a>, bind), bracelets, anklets. *d[ju|>i.(u, give forth, produce crops. dva-\ryvv|ii, lit. yoke again, dvaf. vavs, set sail again. dvcuSeict, TJ (di> privative aidov- jjicii, reverence, feel shame), shamelessness. *dv-auri|juo (-6w), consume. dvaKtos, adv. carefully; dv. ex eLV -> cum gen. to watch carefully for. dva-KTjptio-o-co (or -TTW), publish, proclaim, *put up to auction. dva-Kpovo), lit. thrust back; in mid. of a ship, back water, see on xvi. 8, 1. 4. dva-Xa|ipdvco, take up. dvojj, -a/cros, 6, king. dv-d|LOS, -a, -ov, unworthy. dva-ireiBw, lit. persuade back, bring over, or simply per- suade. dva-irTdvvv(xi, fut. -irerdffw, lit. unfold back, open. dva-iTT]8co (-dw), leap up. *dva-'irTV(rpw, cast up, bring up ; hence, refer to ; also intrans. bring oneself back, restore oneself, recover oneself. See note on xv. B, dvci-opw (-ew)j carry up, cast up. ^ *dva-<|>vptt, mix up, stain. dva-x<>p (-<:w), go back, retire. dvSpcfyaSia, ij (dvrjp, dya66s], manhood, bravery. dvSpeios, -a, -ov, brave. *dv8po> (-6w), bring up to man- hood ; in pass, reach man- hood, am grown up. &Vfxos, 6, wind. dv-eupicrKw, find out, discover. dv-iiKccrTos, -ov (dv- privative, dKovju-ai, cure), incurable ; hence, grievous, intolerable, adv. - (dv- privative, 60-tos), unholy, wicked. dvr-epwTto (-do>), ask in turn. dvTL, prep, cum gen. against, hence, set against, i.e. instead of, in return for. dvTi-Ka9-io|JLai, blame in return, retort. &VTIOV, neuter of dvnos, used as a preposition cum gen. before, in the presence of. Avrpov, TO, cave. *dv-v8pos (dv- privative, vdwp), without water. -ov (aios, a match in battle. &|ios, -a, -ov, worthy, worth. di(o (-oco), think worthy ; cum in/in, esp., think oneself worthy, claim. 0,01805, 6, singer, bard, poet. w, take back a mes- d-ir-d-ya), lead back. d-iraOTjs, -es (d privative, iradeiv] cum gen. without suffering from, unharmed by. 108 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. dir-aiptt, carry away, remove. &-ITCUS, aTrcuSos, adj. childless, often cum gen. of word ex- pressing progeny. a/ir-aXXaor (or -TTW), set free from, cum ace. and gen. ; also intrans. get off free, escape ; in passive, am set free, de- part. dir-ajjivvco, keep off, repel. air-ay- t, (1 ) go from, disembark ; (2) result from, turn out. cnro-pdXXa>, cast away, lose. ro-SciKvvfii, lit. point out apart from others, exhibit, declare, appoint. cnro-8t8, save, restore ; in pass. ctTrocr. ds, get safe to. * diroTciKTos, - 6v (rdacr w, arrange) , specially appointed, or, ar- ranged. diro-Tfxvft>, fut. -re/ma, cut off. aTTo-fytvya), escape, be acquitted. " *diro-<|>XavpiG>, make light of. d-iro-xpdw (see XPV for princ. pts.), am sufficient. dirpocrSoiayros, -ov, unexpected ; ov, unexpectedly. , properly, fasten to, join to, hence bring in contact with fire, kindle, set alight ; in mid. touch, cum gen. dipa, so then, therefore, after all, usually expressing sur- prise ; see note on vin. A, 3, 1. 3. dpyupiov, r6 (dimin. ofapyvpos), a piece of silver, money. dpecTKWj/wif. dpeVw, am pleasing to, please ; mid. in similar sense. dpco-Tos (verbal adj. ofdp&TKu], pleasing, acceptable ; adv. -cDs. dpio-ros, see dyaBos. -dpKw (-ew), am sufficient ; often imperson. dp/cet, it is enough. dpvovjjicu (-eoyCtat), -rjao/uiai, aor. pass, deny, also decline. apir(ryT|, ij, seizure, pillage. &po-T]v (later tippy*), apaev, gen. apaevos, male. *&pTrj[j.a, TO, hanging ornament, earring. dpros, 6, bread, loaf. dpxaios, -a, -ov, (lit. from the be- ginning], old, ancient, former. dp\T|, 17, beginning, hence first place, i.e. sovereignty, rule, dominion. *, pleased, glad. a (lit. pant), struggle convulsively. dcrrds, 6, citizen. dcrrpd'yaXos, properly knuckle- bones, dice ; see note on 1. 1. 7. acrru, rb, city. acmryetTcov, -ov, gen.-ovos, neigh- bouring the city, neighbour. ci(ra,Xia, i) (a privative, o-^dXXw make to fall), safety. *d), play the flute. avTiKa, adv. straightway, at once. avroOi, adv. on the spot, here, there. avrdjjioXos, 6, deserter. avrofioXw (-^w), desert. avToiTTT]?, -ov, 6 (CLVTOS, self, and root OTT- seen in 6^o^aat, I shall see), eyewitness. CIVTOS, avT't), avro, (1) accom- panying a noun - self, or if immediately preceded by the article, = the self -same, the same ; (2) standing alone (a) in the nominative case, it is . the reflexive pronoun, myself, thyself, himself etc., (b) in the oblique cases, it is the 3rd personal pronoun, him, her, it etc. avrov, adv. (really genit. of avros), at the very spot, here. -*d<(>-av8dv&), fut. -aS^crw, aor. -eadov, displease. cu|>avTJs, -es (a privative, 0cu- vojjiai), unseen, secret. eo/Acu), relate, tell. ws ' "ht narration, account. d-<(>0o-yYos (a privative, $6oyyr), voice), voiceless, speechless. d-IKVOV[H (-efo^cu), -t'oyucu, -ty- Hai, -LKofj.rjv, come to, arrive at. d^-io-T^fjii, place apart, hence in the intrans. tenses and in the middle, to place oneself apart, revolt. grieved, vexed. x^ 05 ' TO, burden, also grief, trouble. VOCABULARY I. v dXjmos, -ov (a privative, xprJaOai, to use), useless, unprofitable, unserviceable. d-v|/v8rjs, -e's (\l/ev8os, a lie), without lie, unerring, truth- ful. B. pa6t>s, -e?a, -tf, deep. PCUVCO, (3rjs, 6, king. pacriXevw, am king, become. king. s, -?y, ~bv, kingly, royal. 7] (jSaTrrw, dip), dyeing, dye. PKOS, r6, bread. puuos, -a, -ov, forcible, violent, adv. /3icuws. , TO (dimin. of f3i[3\os), a letter, dispatch. pippco, perf. fieppwKa, eat. ptos, 6, life, also means of life, livelihood. PIW (-6w), strong aor. efiiwi', infin. fii&vcLL, part. j8toi)s, live. pXe'irco, see, look at. poT]6o> (-ew), come to the aid of, succour, cum dat. popd, 7], food. Pdpeios (adj. from (Bopcas, the north wind), northern. POO-KCO, fut. poaKycru, feed, nourish ; mid. feed on, graze. *P<>vK6Xiov, r6, herd of cattle. povicoXos, 6, herdsman. povXcvfjia, TO, purpose, resolve. povXevco, take counsel, deliber- ate ; also as the result of deliberation, resolve, deter- mine, similarly in mid. povXo[j.os, TO, new-born child, nurseling; also of beasts, cub, whelp etc. Pup dine. 8Ka, card. num. ten. 8KdTT|s, -fs, *ten years old. *8icds, -ados, 77, group of ten. 8Karos, -77, -ov, ordinal num. tenth. tw, -0-w, entice by bait v 8'Xa|, -a/co?, 6, pig. SeXejns, -ZVos, 6, dolphin. Se'vSpov, TO, plur. often devSpea, -i>}v, -(TL, tree. x Seos, TO, fear. Sep^a, r6, skin, hide. 8cr|j.a>TT|piov, TO (5eo>i6s, fetter, from dew), prison. 8eo"ir6TT|s, 6, master, despot, tyrant. SevTcpcia, rd, second prize, second place. Scvrcpos, -a, -ov, second. Se'x.ojiai, e^o/xat, dedey/maL, re- ceive. I. Sew, 77(70;, dedeKa, Zdrja'a, perf. pass. dedefjLCLL, aor. edeOyv,, bind. II. Sew, 5e77(7w, want, lack, cum gen. ; usually in mid. deo/mat., am in need of, cum gen. of thing ; also beg of, cum gen. of person. 8rj, strengthening particle, in truth, assuredly, indeed. |Xw (-6o>), make clear, show. SijfAos, 6, the people, the nation, also the common people. 8-qp.ocrui (adv. from drj/jwcrios), publicly, at the public cost. STJIAOTTJS, -ov, 6, one of the com- mon people, also fellow- citizen. Sid, prep, cum gen. and ace. right through, throughout, of time, during ; also ( 1 ) cum gen. by means of, (2) cum ace. on account of. 8ia-(3cuv, carry across ; in mid. of carrying over one's own property etc. SiaKOcrioi, -at, -a, two hun- dred. s *8ia-Xa t yxdva>, -X^o^tat, -e\axoi>, divide, or distribute, by lot. 8ia-Xap.|3(xvco, grasp, seize (lit? grasp in both arms] ; also take asunder, divide. Sia-Xetiro), leave an interval of, cum ace. of the time speci- fied. Sux-Xvw, break up, dissolve. Sia-va/ufxax/io (-ew), maintain a naval battle (vavs, /zaxo/xat). 8ia-veco, -vevcro/maL, *swim across, *reach by swimming. *8td-ir(i, -rer^/ca, -ere/jLov, cut through, cut in pieces. SLa-TiO-r^Jii, place separately, arrange ; hence dispose of, treat. Sia-Tpi(3o> lit. rub between two things, rub away, consume, spend. 8ia-c|>xryo, flee through, escape. 8ia-cj>0Lpco, thoroughly destroy, kill ; also spoil, disable, mutilate. 8ia-xc, aor.-exea, perf.-K^xv* -* lit. pour apart, disperse; hence, of plans, confound, upset. 8ia-xpw(Aai (-cuytai), (I) cum dot. of thing, use constantly, also experience, suffer from ; (2) cum ace. of per s., use up, i.e. destroy, kill. SiScurKco, dtdo>, teach. 8iS, drive, ride, or march out, through. *8i-6|-Xto-(rw, unroll. 8i-|-pxo(Jtai, go through. 8ie'o8os, i), way through, pas- sage ; 5te^. (3ov\VfjLdTui>, as we say the ins and outs of his plans. 8i-pxofAcu, go through, pass. 8iTTJs, -es, of two years, two years long. Si-Tryovficu (-^o^cu), lit. conduct through, hence narrate, de- scribe. SIKCUOS, -a, -ov, just, upright. VOCABULARY I. 115 8iKcuw(-6w), -uffofjiai, deem right, think fit, consent. , TO, place of justice, court. j, right, justice ; hence law-suit, trial ; also jusf recompense, i. e. either penalty or compensation. SIOTI, for the reason that, since ; also in an indirect question, wherefore, why. SiirXcurios, -a, -ov, double. 8is, twice. 8io-x&>i, -at, -a, two thou- sand. X 8iwpu|, -VXGS, 77, trench, canal. 8oKi, 56et, dedoKTai, doe, im- person. of 5o/o5, cum dat. it seems to, it seems good to, hence it is resolved by, thus TO dedoyfjifrov, = the decree, resolution. * SoKifios, -ov (from 5^%o^ai, lit. acceptable, hence], esteemed, notable. SOKW (-ew), I think, see doKel. v *8o\pos, -d, -ov, deceitful. 86\os, 6 (connected with deXedfa, hence strictly, bait for fish, hence], trick, deceit. SopidXwTos, -ov (dopv, spear, and aXicrKOjuLcu), captive of the spear, captured. 8opu(j>dpos, -ov (0^pw), spear- bearing, hence oi dopvcf)6poL, the bodyguard of a monarch etc. Socris, -ews, TJ (didio/mi), gift. 8ov\evo> (dov\os, slave), to be a slave to, obey, cum dat. SovXoTrpcinris, -h(7rp7T(t), beseem], befitting a slave, servile. *8ov\o/', -6v 9 of persons, powerful, strong ; of things, possible. 8vo, diuoiv, card. num. two. 8u(r|j.TJ, ij (due*), sink), usually in plural, sinking, setting. *8vcnrTa)S (adv. of dvo'Trerris, lit. falling out ill, hard etc.), hardly, with difficulty. ScoSeKa, card. num. twelve. Scoped, T], gift, present. Swpov, TO, gift, offering. 8copovp.cu (-e'oyuai), present with. E. edv (el, &v], contracted, ijv, conj. if. eavrov, -Tjs, -ov (no nominative], reflexive pron. , 3rd per s. , him- self etc. 116 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. J38op.os, -T], -ov, seventh. syyvta (-^ w ) from ev and yviov, limb, hand, hence put in the hand of, hand over to ; esp. betroth. , leave out, omit. , carve on, inscribe on. , 6 (ev, xei'p, hand), hand-knife, dagger. > Y-X l P^t w > P ut m t one's hands, entrust, deliver. eyw, ejuLou etc. I ; plur. ijfjLeis. ISwXiov, TO, seat, rowing-bench. eOeXoKdKo) (-ew), am wilfully bad or cowardly, play the coward. eGe'Xoo, 0\r), uncover. lie out, be ex- K-Xi5a>, loosen, unstring, of a bow. tK-ireVfrtt, send out. iK-TnjSa) (-aw), leap out from. iK-TrX&D, sail out ; e/c?rX. (frpev&v,^ go out of one's mind. \c- i rrX / /j (-TTU}, fut. wXrj^w, lit. strike out, hence drive out of one's senses, amaze ; pass.,-^ strong aor. l^-ewXdyrjv, am astonished. K7To8cov, aXa) (-6w), make com- pletely blind. *K-TvXc>av'pw, carry out, also bring forth, produce. KWV, -ovcra, -bv, gen. -6vros etc. willing, willingly. 2Xcuov, r6, olive-oil, oil. IXcuro-ttv (-TTWJ/), -ov, used as compar. of 6\iyos, little, few, less, smaller, inferior; superl. eXaxidros. eXctwco, fut. t\dcra), contr. e'Xw, perf. e\r)\aKct, pass. e\^Xa//,ai, drive, set in motion ; often with ace. implied, ride (sc. LTTWOV), march, of a general (sc. ffrparbv}. Of a wall, build along. eXcuf>pos, -d, -6v, light, light to beared.; *ev eXa0/xJ woieicrBcu, regard as a light matter. , prove a charge against one, convict, refute, also accuse. cXevOepos, -a, -ov, free, also libe- ral, generous. eXevOepw (-6w), set free. Xi]Xafj.Vos, see eKavvu. , r6, wound, sore. >, drag. , TO, marsh. , -Law, hope, hope for, expect (ivhether of good or evil) ; also think, ima- gine. 118 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. w, cast (oneself] upon, charge. *jxjxavT|S, -es, frenzied. jxjx\ia, i], a dancing-tune. IfJLos, -ri, -6v, my, mine. *2|i/jrr]pos, -ov, crippled, de- formed. efx-TrCfAirXiHJii, fill full of ; in pass, am full of, satisfied with. (juro8iw (ei>, Trews), *put the feet into fetters, *fetter. JJI-VTOS, -ov, inborn, natu- ral. 4v, prep, cum dat. in, inside ; of time, during ; also cum dat. of person, in the power of. *V-a/rro-vta>, fut. -i/'w, wash clean. v-8i8fju, give in, give into the hands of, hence exhibit, dis- play. 2v8ov, inside, within. V-8vco, put a garment on some- one ; in mid. with perf. and strong aor. act. -dtdvita, -edvi>, put on oneself, wear. vKd, prep, cum gen. on account of, for the sake of. *V-|Juo (-ew), fut. -tffu, vomit in. 4vx0is, aor. part. pass. 0epw. v-e'x, hold in ; pass, am caught in, entangled in. *Vt]pT]TT)piov, r6, place for amusement adv. (1) of place, there; (2) of time, thereupon, then ; (3) relative, where. Ivicumfe, 6, year. -at, -a, some. ev-vow (-^w), have in one's mind (vovs), consider, reflect. IvravOa, there, thereupon. VT6\Xo(iai, enjoin, command. VT6\)6v, hence or thence ; henceforth, thenceforth. 4v-Tivco, perf. -r^ra/ca, pass. -rera/xat, keep on the stretch. Iv-TtOTju-i, put in, place in. IVTOS, within, inside ; ei/ros eavrov yiyvcr6ai, retain one's self-control. Iv-Tvyxdvw, meet with, cum dat. evvirviov (VTTVOS), TO, dream. 4|, see K. '^, six. tell out, report. -, lead out. |aipTo,-6^, chosen out, picked. 4^-aipw (-ew), take away, re- move ; also set apart, ex- cept. |-aiT, demand from, request from ; similarly in mid. de- mand for oneself, demand. av-, in pass, put out to sea. efj-a-TraTo) (-aw), strengthened form of aTraraj, deceive. , adv. suddenly. VOCABULARY I. 119 Ifj-apTvw, get ready, fit out, hence provide with, furnish with. $-411 (ibo), go out ; present tense withfut. meaning. 4j;-XKa>, aor. %d\Kv(ra, pass. e%i\Kvad'r)i>, drag out. u, go, come out. |(TTI, impers. cum dat. it is permitted, it is lawful. |vp(ris, -ews, i), finding out, invention. |vpT](jia,invention, contrivance. 6Jj-vpi(rKa>, find out, discover. N cj-iryovjxai (-^o/uat), lit. lead out, hence go through in detail, describe, explain. ff|KovTa, indecl. sixty. ^|-T]|j.pw(-6w), thoroughly tame, hence of waste land, render cultivable, reclaim. " *-OYKW (-6w), make to swell ; in pass, am puffed up, elated. cfj-ocrrpaKi^eo, banish by ostra- cism ; see note on xvi. 6, 1. 5. $jw, adv. and prep, cum gen. outside. -iovovp.ai (-eo^tcu), buy. coiKd, 2nd perf. with pres. signi- fication, partic. efctfc, look like, resemble ; usually im- pers. it seems likely, natural, reasonable. , 77, feast. , lead to, bring to. err-cuvw (-^w), fut. -ea-o/zcu, aor. a, praise, commend. , listen to, cum gen.; cum dat. of person, obey. irdv (e?ret, &/), as soon as, after that (see wider civ). rravXis, -ews, 7?, cattle-shed. iri, when, since, after. eimSrj, strengthened form of ewei, when, after etc. iri8dv, whenever, when (see under &v). ^ir-eip-i (ibo), go against, ap- proach, attack, pres. withfut. signification. KirciTa, thereupon, next, after- wards. eireiTe, since, when. *ir-\avva), drive against, lead against ; without object ex- pressed, march against, charge. 7r-^pxo}i,ai, come to, hence come into one's mind, occur ; also come in addition. ask, inquire. eirl, prep, cum gen. dat. ace. properly upon, hence (i) cum dat., resting on, also in addi- tion to ; also in the power of ; eTTi Tovrif), on this con- dition, also after, (ii) cum ace. on to, to (implying motion ' towards), against ; also of motion all over, extending over ; thus of time e?r' 2rrj eiKocTL, for twenty years, (iii) cum gen. on or at a place, the actual position being usually less definitely indicated 120 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. than by eirl cum dat. ; tem- poral, in the time of ; after a verb of motion, towards ; also e0' eavTov etc., on one's own authority, by oneself, etc. co (-aw), -^crw, call to, cry to ; in mid. call to one's aid, invoke. !m-pov\va>, plan, purpose. cirfyafJios, -ov, marriageable. '7ri- < yt'yvo(xai, happen to, come in addition to. ciri-Scdcvvfu, exhibit, display. erri-SiSwfu, give in addition. iri-gw (-dw), go on living, sur- vive. ImOufAw (-fa), cum gen. desire. erri-KaXai (-ew), call to ; in mid. call to one's aid, also invite. iri Ktjj.ai, lie on, hence press on, attack. **" 7r(K\T)o}j.cu, impute as blame, blame ; often cum ace. of thing, and dat. of person, (-do^at), devise against, contrive as a pre- ventive. iri-opKw (-&>), swear falsely by, cum ace. of thing. eirtirav, adv. on the whole ; a>s TO 7TLTrav, commonly. , sail on, * float on. , -a, -MV, quite full of. i-JTLTroXfjs, adv. and prep, cum gen. (properly gen. ofeTrnroXr], surface), on the top, above. 7]7ri(TTr)6r)i>, know, understand. < 7rrTpo|j.evos (part, from TTL- arp(pojui(u turn oneself to, attend to), attentive, earnest, eager. -TrurTpws, adv. from ETTL- , earnestly, keenly. -TTCO), enjoin upon, order. eiri-TeXw (-^w), perform. *iir\.-Tyv>\La,i (-do/mat), contrive in addition. , serviceable, suitable; a eTriTrjdeta, the necessaries of life. Adv. eTriTrjdeiws. iTTjScvo), practice, pursue, attend to ; also CTTLT. OTTCO?, take care that. L-Ti0T]^L, place on, assign to. i-Tpeiro), lit. turn to, entrust to, commit to ; similarly in middle. eiriTpoiros, o, one to whom some- thing is entrusted, steward, governor. VOCABULARY I. 121 w, light upon, meet with, cum dat. ol eTnrvxovres, lit. those who come across one, i.e., chance persons, the com- mon sort. erri-^cuvoficu, come into view, appear. mlpci>, bear to, hence in mid. bear oneself to, i.e. set upon, attack. ciri-oiT (-aw), come habitually to, visit, frequent. irixwpios, -a, -ov, and -os, -ov, in the country, native. Tri-\|/T]<|>Ca>, put a question to the vote (\f/rj, />w, work, do, effect. s pi8w, epeiVw, press. N p-qp.os, -ov, lonely, desolate ; cum gen. destitute of ; r/ tyrj/jLos (supply x^pa), desert. ^pis, -i5os, ace. fyiv, T], strife, contention. lp(jn]Vvs, -^ws, 6, interpreter. 7}\6ov, come, go. epamo (-aw), -770-0?, strong aor. 7)p6/j.r}v, infin. eptadai etc., ask a question, inquire. es, later els, cum ace. only, into, to (after verbs of motion etc.), against ; \tywv es, directing one's remarks against ; of time, up to, until, against (see on xvi., 5, 1. 3) ; also with regard to. cr-(ry(0, bring into, introduce. ecr-ayyeXXo), announce, report. Icra/irol, at one time, on one occasion. come into, enter into. 60-0TJS (-??TOS), ri, clothing, dress. , imperf. ijaBiov, eat. *, fall into, fall into the hands of, of hurried move- ment, ecnr. es ras vavs, hasten on board. 122 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. &TITOV, 2 aor. act. ofeww. ecrTia, TJ, health, home ; a/so_ altar, since the hearth was the shrine of the household gods. ICTTWS, see tcrr^/xt. epa>, bring in, bring forward. &TXCITOS, -rj, -ov, farthest, ex- treme ; TO &rxaroj>, the ex- tremity. &ra> (later etcrw), adv. and prep, cum gen. within. ^repos, -a, -ov, another of two, the one (Lat. alter), second ; also different. Tpco0i, adv. elsewhere. In, still, yet. ITOIJJ.OS, -TI, -ov, ready. frros, TO, year. $, adv. well. v8ai|JLovta, rj (daifjiwv, fortune), good - fortune, prosperity, happiness. v8cu|j.cov, -ov, gen. -ovos, fortu- nate, wealthy, happy. evSoKLfjiaJ (-ew), am renowned, distinguished. vi8T)s, -es (eldos, form), good- looking. cvOus, -e?a, -i5, straight, hence straightforward, honest. Ad- verb, evOtis, -i5, and evOews, straightway, at once. *v|Aop<()os, -ov (/uop^?;, shape), shapely, comely. * evirdOeua, 17, comfort, luxury ; in plur. festivities. w (-ew), am well off, make merry. CVTTCTCOS, adv. of evireTTj's, easily. i)pio-KO>, evprjffu, yvprjKa, ydpov, fut. pass. eupe6r}(To/JiCLL, find, discover ; also fetch a price. vpvis, -e?a, -ti, broad, wide. TJ, free space, room. TJS, -^s, pious, holy. ,(o (-fa), properly, use words of good omen ; but usually, abstain from words of ill- omen. j, 7j, prayer, vow. 6VWX.W (-^w), entertain hospi- tably ; in pass, fare sumptu- ously. -'XKW, drag or trail some- thing behind ; in mid. drag (intrans.) behind. 44>e<$s, -^ -6v, boiled. -iT]iu, allow, permit. *<(>- op [JLW (-ciw), stir up, incite. -op|j.u> (-^w), of vessels, lie in wait for, blockade. 4cf>-op(o (-aw), look over, super- intend. , -a, -ov, hostile, hateful. x w > ^^ w or strong aor. faxov, o"%w, , e\j/r} is o/te?i used for prevent, forbid. i. &s, co??-/. while, as long as ; also until. ii. &os, noun, i), gen. eu> etc. morning, also the East. Z. r|, 77, properly the strap o/ : 2/o&e, /&e?i the yoke. . . . fr'w, join, yoke ; * similarly in mid. put to one's horses, whether for driv- ing or riding. ciryos, TO", properly a yoke or^ team of beasts, carriage, wag- gon, chariot drawn by a team. *vis, -ews, TJ, manner of yok- ing. ^<(>vpos, o, west wind, zephyr. r]Tco (-&;), seek, look for. ^s, ^77, live, twypw (-ew), take alive, make prisoner. co^), 77, life. to<)S, -77, -6i/, alive, living. H. fy (1) or ; ij ... rj, either ... or. (2) after a comparative, than; similarly irpiv TJ, sooner than, before. ^, (dat. of 6s), in which place, where. ?ja, see el/jn. Tj-yoviiai {-eojULat.}, -77 y> quiet, rest, leisure. < fj, gen. -ovos, weaker, inferior. Adv. ^TTOV, less. *T|S, ?), Ion. form of ecus, q.v. a 0a,Kos, 6, seat. *0aK (-&>), sit. 0dXacrcra (-rra), 17, sea. 0dva.TOS, 6, death. Oavarw (-6w), put to death. w, ?0a\j/a, perf. 2^ass. , aor. erd^Tjv, fufc Tafaio-ojmai, bury. 0apo-o> (-ew), am of good cour- age, am confident. 0ol(rcrov (daTTov), see TCLXVS. 0cu)p.a, TO, wonder, amazement, ?so a marvel. Oavfxao-Tos, -??, -6f, wonderful^ strange. 0Los, -a, -of, divine. 0\w, see e6>e\w. *0op\apT)s, -v, -O^TOS, 6, servant, at- tendant. 0pjids, -77, -6f, warm, hot. *0cnrL^a), -leu, prophesy. 0eu>fAcu (-do/iat), -d, hunt, capture by hunt- ing. 0T]ptov, TO, wild beast. 0T]piu>Sr|s, beast-like ; of a coun- try, infested with wild beasts. 0t]pds, 6, door-keeper, porter. 0v, strong, violent. ^s -vos, j], strength. i' (-ew), take down, sub- due, deposa ; similarly in mid. KaOdircp (/card, ourep, neut. plur. ofocnrep), in the way in which, just as. Ka0-T]}xai, only in pres. and past eKa07)/ji,r)v (really perf. and pluperf. tenses), sit down. Ka0-ia>> set down, station. KaO-, surpass in beauty. KaXw (-^w), -eVw, aor. pass. eK\-f)6i)v, call, name. KaXos, beautiful, honourable, noble. Adv. /caXws, rightly, well. Comp. KCL\\LUV, superl. /cdXXta-ros. KOLfJiT]Xos, o and t/, camel. KOLfJLVW, /Ctt/^W, K^K/JLTfJKa, ^/Ctt/XOI/, arn weary, ill, ^distressed at. KCLVOVV, ro (contr. from KOLVCOV], basket. Kcurvds, 6, smoke. 126 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. Kapiros, 6, fruit, crops. -.*KapTa, adv. very much, very. Kap<|>os, TO, chip, twig. Kacrta, 7], cassia, a spice. Kara, prep, cum gen. and ace. down. (1) cum gen. down from, implying motion from above; also of per sons, against. (2) cum ace. implying motion towards, down to, to, against ; also throughout, all over, hence distributive, Kara /cc6/xas, village by village (see note on xin. 1. 1) ; also with regard to, hence in accordance with, in proportion to. Kara-Paivw, go down, descend, come to. *KaTa-pi.p, go through, recount in detail. -ira), leave behind, leave over. KaTa-irTO|iai, -Tm^o/icu, aor. KaT-eTrrdfjiTjv, fly down. Kara-ii-ivo), drink down, gulp down. KaTa-7rXa (-rrw), spread over, plaster over. KaTa-irpoifojJiai, only in fut., will get off free. Karapprj-yvvfu, break down. Kara-o-peVvvfu, quench. *KaTa-ortTovjJiai (-^o/xat), eat up. KaTa-(rKcuda>, prepare, fit out, construct. KaTao-Koiros, viewing out, spy- ing ; usually as subst. a spy. *KaTa-orKa)TrT(o, jeer at, jest at. *KaTa-crirov8ao}j.ai, am in earnest, seriously occupied. KaTovva>, slay, kill. ^Kara-xpcop-at (-do/Aai), use up, also destroy, kill. *Kar-i\w (-^w), crowd together, coop up. KaT-cipYw, confine in, shut up in ; also press hard. KaT-epva^ojAat, effect, accom- plish ; also *make an end of, *destroy. KaT-pxojxai, come down, esp. come back home, return. VOCABULARY I. 127 KaT-, eat up. KaT-e'xto, hold down, hence re- strain, conquer, also of a space, occupy. *KaT-oiKT^w, have pity for ; in mid. have pity on oneself, bewail. *KaT-ovofj,cu, blame, slight. *KaTo < TTTT)s, -oi', 6, spy. *Ka,T-oppa>8w (-ew), to fear, dread. *KaT-op\ov[i.ai (-e'oyucu), dance in defiance at. Karoo, adv. down, beneath. Kavjxa, TO, heat. Kclto (no contraction), /catfo-w (or -o/mai), burn. Ki|j.ai, have been laid, placed, lie. KKTT]fj.ai, possess, see /CTW/XCU. K\va), order, bid. *Kpaoi>, ravage, destroy. Kpas, TO, horn, hence wing of an army or fleet. K<|>aX.if, i], head. KTJpvy|xa, TO, proclamation. Kf]pv, 6, herald, crier. KtOcipa, 7), lyre, lute. Ki0apu>S6s (a5w), one who sings and plays on the lyre at the same time, a bard. Kivd|JL TO, inarticulate noise, babbling. Ko0opvos, 6, buskin, top-boot. KOIVOS, -r}, -6v, common, public ; Ta KOLvd, the public authori- ties. *KoXiros, 6, bosom ; also fold of a garment. KOJJLT], 17, hair. K0(xi^co, lit. attend to, look after, hence, take up and carry away, carry ; in pass, am carried, travel, betake myself to. xoirpos, f), dung, manure. , 6, order, ornament, o (-e'w), arrange, adorn. -ew). rule, prevail over, conquer, usually cum gen. *KpnrycivofJitcu, I have acquired, hence as present, I possess. ^ Kvpos, 6, solid square, a cube,- a die. KvicXos, 6, circle, ring ; /ctf/cXw as adv. all round. KVK\OV}JLCU (-Gotten), *surround. KvpLos, -a, -ov, ruling, having authority; of time, fixed, appointed. KvpTTj, 7j, fishing basket, creel. *Kvpw (-&o), light upon, meet with, get, cum gen. Kupw (-6w), make good, ratify, x decide. KcofiT), ij, village. A. *Xdppos, -ov, furious, violent. XdOpa, secretly ; cum gen. un- known to one. Xap-pdvco, Xr}\}/o/JLCLi, eiX?70a, t'Xa- /3or, aor. pass. \r)(f>07)v, perf. pass. ei'X^u/xai, take, seize ; in mid. cum gen. seize hold of. Xajiirpos, -a, -6v, bright, con- spicuous, illustrious. XavOdva), XTJCTCO, XeXr?^a, ZKaOov, lie hid, escape the notice of ; cum part, do a thing unawares, or unobserved ; m mid. perf.) XeXya/uiai, forget. Xe'-yco, Xe'w, e'Xea, no perf. act., perf. pass. \\eyfjicu, aor. pass. eXex^v, but the following are commoner forms, fut. epw, perf. e'LprjKa, pass, etprjfjuii, aor. elirov, pass, eppridrjv, speak, say. *Xt[X(xa, TO (Xei7rw), what is left, remnant. Xeifiwv, -&vos, 6, meadow. Xeiirw, \ei\pu, XeXotTra, eXurov, leave, leave behind. , see *\Todpos, -ov, incense- bearing. XL|JLVT], 7), lake, marsh. Xi|i,os, 6, hunger, famine. XtTrdpds, -a, -6v, lit. anointed with oil, hence sleek, bright, bright -skinned. Xiirdpw (-iej>ws, deliberately. Xo-yi-ov, TO, saying, oracle. VOCABULARY I. 129 Xxva, light, lamp. Xcopt], r/, maltreatment, outrage. Xco(3oo[icu (-do^tat), outrage, mal- treat, mutilate. M. |xaivop.ai, fjiavov/JLOLL, aor. e/JLavrjv, am mad. |i.aKapito, pronounce happy, congratulate (uaKap). *jj.aKp6ptos, -ov, long-lived. fidKpds, -a, -6v, long, far ; ^ta/cpy as adv. by far. jidXa, exceedingly, very much ; judXa #XXot, many others ; comp. ]ma\\oj>, to a greater ex- tent, rather ; superl. /xdXta-ra. often ra ^dXto-ra, very much, especially. paXaKos, -77, -ov, soft, yielding, faint-hearted ; ovdev /xaXa/co^, no sign of nagging. jj.av0o.vco, /maOrjcro/uiaL, fJiefjLddrjKa, tfjiadov, learn, discover, often followed by participle, learn that, etc. |iavTiov, r6, shrine, also oracle. jiavTvo(i,ai, deliver an oracle, prophesy ; also consult an oracle. jxavriKTj, r?, art or power of divination. |idvTts, -ews, 6, prophet, seer, ixcunvyw (-6w), chastise, whip. fxcuTTiij, -170?, 6, a whip, scourge. fxaratos, -a, -ov, idle, trifling, foolish. paXT], r,, battle. |i.d\o}iai, fut. fjLaxovfJLai, aor. /j,ax.(rdfJL'r)i>, give battle, tight. |A'ycLXo'7rp < irws (i&yas, Trpeww, beseem), adv. from fteyaXo- TTpeirrjs, lit. befitting a great man, magnificently. p.-yas, /J,eyd\r), jmeya, great ; adv. superl. fjicyiaros. (Jt0-t0'q, aor. pass, of /JLeBirjfju. |xe0-iT]|xi, send loose, let go, cast, jjieOeivai, aor. iiifin. act. fjt0-C(TTi]}jLL,putin another place, hence in pass, and intrans. act. tenses undergo change, also depart. fxe'Xci, impers. cum clat. it is a care to, it concerns. :XX?7ofxat,)U^^o^ai, blame; cum dat. of person, and ace. of thing, blame a person for something. |iv, on the one hand, followed by W. p.vco, remain ; cum ace. wait for, face an enemy. |iepos, TO, part, share ; rb ^pos, adverbially, partly. p.cros, -rj, -ov, middle, moderate. jxTa, prep, cum gen. dat. and ace. in the midst, hence with, among ; cum gen. between, along with, by aid of ; cum dat. among, with ; cum ace. properly, going among, going after, hence temporal, after. Also in Herod, as an adverb, afterwards, like ^Tretra in Attic. In composition ivith a verb, /uerd often signifies change. fATa-pou\vo{j.ai, change one's plans. jAcra-'yiYvwtrKtt, change one's determination. H-CTO/yvcocrLs, -ews, TJ, change of purpose. pLTa-ir|j.'7ro[xai, send for. |AT-'x&>, have with, share. (jLCTt'copos, -ov, off the ground, above one's head. juVpios, -a, -ov, moderate, of medium size. or iutxP L s> a dv. and prep, cum gen. until, as long as, during ; ^XP LS 5 until which time, until. H.T), not, in prohibitions, final clauses, conditional clauses, etc. [i/r|8a[jiws, by no means. fj/rj8, neither, not even. |rr]8LS, /UL-rjdefJi.ia, jmrjdev, no-one ; /jLydev adverbial, in no way. i. n/rjv, strengthening particle, verily, assuredly ; /cat nty, besides, moreover. II. [xrjv, fJLrjvos, 6, month. p,T]pds, 6, thigh. |j,TJT, nor ; /JLrjre . . . ^re, neither . . . nor. [iTf]TT|p, fjL-rjrpbs, rj, mother. jA-qXa-VTi, ^, contrivance, plan, resource. |JiT]xavw|j.ai (-ao/xcu), -Tycro^at, contrive, devise, ^fjiiv, ace. sing, of 3rd pers. pronoun, him, her, it ; also refiexivefor eavrov etc. (xur6a> (-6w), let out for hire; mid. hire. TJP, -ijpos, 6, suitor. , adv. with difficulty. fjLotpa, r/, fate, lot ; also respect. jj,ovo-yVT|S, -es, only-begotten. P.OVOS, ->?, -ov, alone, only. povco (-6w), make desolate ; in pass, am left alone, deserted. *jxopos, o, lot, destiny ; fate, death. VOCABULARY I. 131 *(idp)j engage in a sea- fight. vavs, ^ecos, 17 (irreg. noun), ship. veavuxs, -ou, 6, young man. vT]Xvs (v eos, 3)\6ov), newly come. VKpds. 6, dead body, dead. vtKvs, -1*09, 6, corpse. *vejtos, r6, cloud. Vco, veixrofjuu, swim. Vcos, 6, temple. VT]V(xia, 7] (vy-, not, &VC/JLOS, breeze), a calm. VLKW (-dw), conquer. vojxi] (vfyw), 77, pasturage, pas- ture-land. vofxi^co, think, consider. vdfios, custom, law ; hence a strain of music, as composed according to fixed rules (see note on vr., 1. 21.) VOOTTW (-e'o>), return home. VOTIOS, -a, -ov, southern. vov0Tco (-ea>), from vovs, and stem of riBrj/jii, put in mind, remind, admonish. vovs, vov, 6, mind. WKTpCs, -ios, 77, night-bird, bat. vvv, adv. of time, now ; also as an enclitic wv, now then, therefore, so then. vv>, vvKr6s, 77, night. VWTOV, TO, back. fyvltp, entertain, receive as a guest. j-c'vos, 6, one connected with another by ties of hospitality, hence either guest or host, friend. 132 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. viXov, TO, timber, wood. *|vXovp-yo> (-eco), work wood, carpenter. O. 6, 77, TO, definite article, the, also ivith fj-ev and de, demon, pron. this one, that one, he etc. See on vm. A, 1, L 6. o-ySoTJKovra, indecl. eighty. 68, ijde, rode, this; often re- ferring to what follows, the following, see note on vm. (a), 1, 1. 6. 0805, ?7, way, road, journey. 6oo, 6r](Tu,oouda ( perf.withpre*. signification], smell, smell of, cum gen. Sometimes impers. 6ei, there is a smell of. ol, ol, dat. sing., see 06. olSa, past tense ydy, ydtjo-Oa, rjei(v) etc., sitbj. ei'5u), opt. elSeirjv, part. dds, 77, dwelling. oiKia, 77, house, household ; also family, race. ol'Kiov, TO, abode, usually in plur. TO, OLKLCL, palace, mansion etc., as including ranges of oiKoSouw (-ew), build a house, build. O!KOS, 6, house, household, house. O'IKW (-^w), inhabit. olvos, 6, wine. otos, -a, -ov, such as, of what kind, as, after rotos ; "hence olos re elfji, cum infin. I am the sort of man to do it, i.e. I am able, adv. old, like as if. ols, oios, ace. olv, 6 and 77, sheep. ot')(0fx(u,/w. ol%77cro/x,ai, am gone, depart. oK'X\a), run aground. *-6X|3u>s, -a, -ov, happy, pros- perous. oXcOpos, 6, destruction, death. oXi-yos, -77, -ov, small, few. \ao~ff&v, e\d%t(TTos or oXiyLcr- TOS, are used for the comp. and superl. 'OXv|j.iria, rd (neut. from adj. 'OXu/xTrtos), the Olympic games ; see on xiv. (b), 1. 4. , 6, throng, crowd. swear ; cum ace. swear by. , -a, -ov, like, resembling, equal, cum dat. ; adv. o/iotws, in like manner. fxov, adv. together, together with, cum dat. 6fio<|>povc!) (-&o), am of one mind, agree, cum dat. VOCABULARY I. 133 tffjuos, conj. nevertheless. 6vi8t, blame, revile, impute as blame, usually cum dat. of person. *6vt8KTjj.a, TO, a reproach. *6vipoir6\os, 6, interpreter of dreams. 6vtpos, 6, a dream. 6vojxa, TO, name. 6vo[Aa. call, name, ovojxcurrds, y, ov, named, famous. 6vos, 6, ass. frirT), by which way, where ; also, how. 6'irieiXa>, -170-0;, 2 aor. &e\ot>, owe, am bound ; &(pe\ov, cum infln. I ought to have ; hence to express a wish which can- not be fulfilled, e.g. &e\ov iroLclv, would that I were (now) doing ; tifaXov Troiijaai, would that I had done (lit. I ought to be doing, or, have done). 6<(>0aX}x6s, 6, eye. 6<|>0(s, 6(f>6rjvcu., see opu). *6is, -ews, 6, serpent. 6)(w (^w), bear, hence in pass. oxoOyuai, cum fut. mid. am borne, ride. &|/is, -ews, i} (6\j/ofj.(u}, (1) a thing seen, a vision,* apparition ; (2) power of seeing, eyesight. 6v|/o[xat, see 6p&. n. iraOos, TQ (irdffxw, 7ra0-iv), sufiering, affliction ; also t emotion, passion. *iraryvta, i), sport, game. VOCABULARY I. 135 v, -ov, sportive, fond of a joke. -rraiSa-ywyoS (irals, #7^), -ov, leading or guiding boys, usually as a substantive, 6 ircud. , tutor, properly a slave who escorted the boy to and from school. ircu8vcris, -ews, i), rearing, edu- cation. ircuSiov, TO, (dimin. of TTCUS), a little child. &rawa, play, sport, jest. TTCUS, 6 and rj, child, boy, son, girl, daughter. irdXai, adv. long ago, formerly. oraXaids, a, 6v , ancient ; CK TraXaiov, adverbial, from of old, irdXiv, adv. back, hence, again. iravTJ'yvpis, -ews, r/ (TTCIS, dyopd], assembly of the whole people, hence general f estival ,hol iday . TravTax60v, adv. from all sides, everywhere. iravTotos, -a, -ov, of all sorts, manifold. irdvTws, wholly, altogether. irdvv, altogether, exceedingly ; also, assuredly. irapd, prep, cum gen. dat. accus. alongside ; hence ( 1 ), cum gen. from alongside of, from ; (2) cum dat. rest alongside of, by, near, among ; hence cum dat. of person, in the eyes of, judgment of ; (3) cum ace. to alongside of, to, towards ; also, stretching along, all along. imp-cry yc'X.Xw, pass on an order. Trapa-"yt'yvofJLai, am at hand, am with ; followed by es, come to, arrive at. *irapa--yv|xvw disclose. lay bare, u, give into the hands of, give up, surren- der. Trap-atvw advise. recommend, -o)j.a.i), beg from, entreat earnestly for. irapct-KXtvco, bend aside, open a little. irapa-Kpivo), separate, draw up, array. irapa-Xafipdvw, take from another, receive, succeed to; also, receive a message or tradition. *irapa-Xvo, loose from. Trapa-fxcvci), stay with, stand one's ground, remain. irapa-irX^crios, -a, -ov (or, -03, -ov}, similar, like. *-irapa-(rdTTft), fut. -ffd%w, cram alongside. irapa-,/k.-a-w, prepare. irapcurKUT|, preparation, equip- ment. irapa-TC0T](j,i, place before. 7rapa-'pco, bring before, hand to. 136 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. *Trapa-4>pov, am beside my- self, mad. *irapa-\pwjjuu (-xpdo/xcu), neg- lect. *irap8pos, -ov, sitting beside. irdp-4u(sMra), am present ; cum dat. am with; Trap, es, come to. irdpeffTL, impers., it is possible ; v rC? irapbvTL, under present circumstances, for the present. jrdp-ifu (ibo), go along, go forward, advance. *-irdpK, Trdpe, prep, cum gen. outside, beyond, besides. *Trap-\KO), drag alongside. irap-epxofJicu, pass by, pass ; also, come forward. Trap-c'xcD, furnish, supply ; similarly in mid. provide, display ; impers. Trape'xei, it is allowed, one has the chance. irapOevos, ?/, maiden. irap-^ojJiaL, sit beside. irap-i(rTT][ii, set, place, beside ; hence in pass, and intrans. act. tenses, stand by, aid ; also, submit ; in mid. win over to one's side, or, views. Iras, Tracra, TTOLV, all, every. irciw, aor. -, encompass, surround; mid. cling to, cleave to. * < TTpt-T]fJLKTa> (-&o), feel pain, feel aggrieved. -ircpi-uTTTHJu, place round ; in pass, and intrans. tenses of active, surround, come round. *irpi-Kao, burn all round. * < TTpL-Kipw, clip all round, clip. irpi-KVKX(o(-^w),moveinacircle; in mid. encompass, surround. *iripi%, adv. and prep, cum gen. and accus. round about. trpi-opw (-aw), lit. look all round, hence, overlook, look on and allow ; (1) cum infin. allow a person to set about doing something ; (2) cum part. look on while a person does something, i.e. not to interfere with a view to prevention, or punishment, remedy, etc. irepi-TrtirTO), lit. fall round, fall foul of, collide. irpi-iroitv, make to remain over, save. rrcpuro-os (-TTOS), 17, cv, beyond the usual amount, excessive; also, strange, unusual. TTcpL-vppC^ft), treat insolently, grossly outrage. ircpi-xcip^s, -&, exceeding joy- ful, delighted. irco-o-Js, (-TTOS), 6, an oval stone for playing a game like our draughts or chess ; used in plur. for the game,, draughts, chess. irf], adv. how. ""HY^ 'hi fountain, spring, source. irtjXos, 6, mud, clay. irfjxvs, -ews, 6, cubit. iriKpos, -a, -6v, bitter, harsh. 7rt|jnrXr]jii, 7rX?7(rw, aor. pass. eTrXrjo-Brjv, fill, cum gen. of that with which a thing is filed. irtvw, Trio/mi, drink. 7T(TOVfjLai, TT. a?io? >re>. cum gen. except. irX-ppw (-6w), make full ; of a ship, man. irXVjpwfia, TO, full measure, com- plement ; fai)s 7r\r)p. /maKpo- TCLTOV, the longest span of life. irX^jcras, aor. part. act. of TTLIUL- TT\7]jU,l. irXotov, TO, (TrXew), ship, vessel ; oftt>n,a, merchant or transport ship, as distinct from a man- of-war. irXovs (contr. from ?rX6os), 6, voyage (TrXew). irXovTos, 6, wealth. irXovTw (-e'w), am wealthy. 7ro8avi7TTi]p, -rjpos, 6, vessel for washing the feet, foot-pan. (TTOIJS and J//TTTW, wash). jroiT](rLS, -ecos, 77, making, manu- facture. * < 7roL < q<()a < y, many-coloured. , -^os, 6, shepherd. , 77, flock. iroiw (-ew), make, produce, com- pose, cause ; in mid. make for oneself, regard, consider; X670P Trotis 7rote?(70cu, bring about, enter into, a conversation. , -a, -ov, hostile. , 6, war. iroXiopKux, T), siege. TroXiopKco (-^w), besiege. iroXis, -ew?, 77, city. iroXCTTjs, -ov, 6, citizen. iroXXciKis, adv. often. iroXvs, 7ToXX77, TroXtf, much, in plur. many ; also, of ten - repeated. TroXi;, as adv. by far. *irofi.iros, 6, conductor, escort (TT^UTrw). irovos, 6, labour, trouble, struggle. irop0fj.vs, 6, boatman, sailor. * < Trop0}i6s, 6, strait, iropos, 6, properly m,eans of crossing, ford, hence means, resource, solution of a diffi- culty. rrop<|>vpa, 77, purple. 7ropc|)vpovs (-f'os), -a, -ovv, purple. uocris, -ews, 77, act of drinking, drink. , 6, river. VOCABULARY I. 139 ir<$T, (1) when ; (2) IT vrt , enclitic, at any time, once, ever ; an intensifying force in questions, rts Trore, who on earth, who ever. iroTCpos, -a, -ov, which of two ; hence irbrtpov, adverbial, usually followedby tf, whether ... or. irov, (1) where ; (2) TTOU, enclitic, anywhere ; also without local meaning, certainly, I suppose. TTOVS, 7T056S, 6, foot. a, r6, action, deed, affair. T], see TraAw. Trpdaa, do, manage ; also in- trans, cum perf. 2, irtirpaya, fare. irp,send forward, escort. irpo-irvvBctvojjiai, learn before- hand. irpdppi^os, -ov, by the roots, root and branch, utterly. irpds, prep, cum gen. dat. ace. (1) cum gen. motion from, at the hands of, by, also in favour of. (2) cum dat. hard by, usually in addition to. (3) cum ace. motion to, to- wards, against, concerning, according to. irpb? mOra, considering this, thereiore. irpocr-d'yw, lead to ; hence in mid. lead to oneself, win over. strike against, make an attack. irpoo-pcuris, -ews, 77, approach. irp (-TTCO), mould, construct upon, followed by TTpos cum dat. irpo (-TTW), give orders to. TrpcxrTaTTjs, -ov, 6 (irpo, tffrt)fu) 9 one who stands at the front, leader, champion. irpo(r-T0T]|j,i, attach to, add to ; in mid. attach oneself to, assent to, aid. irpo(r-4>pa), bring to, lay be- fore ; in pass, come near, *resemble. 7rpocr<|)tX.^s, -es, beloved, popu- lar. irpoo-o), forwards ; rb irpbaw, the front ; es TO irpbaw, for- wards. -irpoo-wrrov, face. TO, countenance, 7rpoTpatos, -a, -ov, on the day before ; usually as subsf. 17 TrporepalcL, the previous day. 7rpoTpos, -a, -ov, before, earlier. VOCABULARY I. 141 *trpo-Tl0i]p.i, place before, pro- pose, assign to, expose a child. 7rpo-pcD, excel, surpass. irpvjAva, 77, of a vessel, stern. iri TrpvjjLvav, adverbial, astern. irpwTOS, -77, -GJ>, first; TO irp&rov, ra Trpcora, adverbial, in the first place, firstly. *irTpa>Tos, -77, -6v, winged. irvXt], 77, gate. irvXis, -idos, 77, a little gate, postern. *irvXcopos, o, gate-keeper. 7rvv9dvo(Jiai, nevcro/mai, ireirvfffjLai,' Trv66fjLr)v, ask, inquire, also learn by asking, hear news of. irvp, irvpbs, r6, fire. irvpa, -as, 77, funeral -pyre. Trvpd, rc (no sing. ), watch-fires. ifvp-yos, 6, tower, iro), enclitic, yet. irwXw (-eo>), flit. dTrod(baojuiaL,aor. direddfji^v, aor. pass. eTrpadyv, offer for sale, sell. jrwjjia, TO, drink. TTWS, (1) how ; (2) enclitic TTCOS, anyhow. P. pctpSos, 77, stick, wand, pam^w, strike with a stick, beat. ;: pi9pov, TO, stream. pG(i,a, TO, current, stream. p0, pevcro/uLCLi, eppurjKa, aor. Zp- pevcra or eppifrjv, flow. jyf\yv\)[L(., p^w, aor. pass, e/opa- yrji>, break ; also cause to break forth, pfj^cu $u>vr)v. pT]9is, aor. pass, partic.; see r6, word. ptTTTw, throw, hurl. pis, plvbs, T), nose, nostril. *pii|jids, 6, carriage-pole. *pvojjiai, lit. draw to oneself, hence draw out of danger, rescue, deliver. *po>[jiaX'os, -a, -ov, strong. PCOJJLT], 77, physical strength. S. T|s, -k, clear, certain ; adv. cra0ws. crpVW[j.L, cr/Sea-w, aor. pass. ffj3o-6t]v, quench, put out. (TtaoTov, contracted aavrov, -rjv (no nom.), reflexive pronoun, 2nd person, thyself. dpos, -ov, led by a rope, hence of a horse, drawing by the trace, not by the yoke. (reaves, -77, -6v, revered, stately. (-aw), am silent. opos, -ov, carrying corn, of beasts of burden. (-ecu), feed ; in pass, take food, eat ; also cum ace. feed on. S, TO, leg. ia, 77, wisdom, skill. >, devise. 6s, -77, -6i>, wise, skilful, learned. w, am in want of, cum gen. crirdvios, -a, -ov, rare, scanty. ^o-ircp-ya), make to hasten ; in pass, hasten, thus aor. partic. (nrepxOei-s, in haste, hurriedly, eagerly. ), gag. ou, 6, general of an army. o-TpaTcCa, 77, expedition. orTpdreujjia, TO, expedition, also army. /JilS. , burn up along with. , take with, hence help. cruX-Xc'-yw, collect, assemble. o-vX-Xo-yos, assembly, council. (ji,cu (-eoyucu), feel pain with, sympathise with, con- dole. , go with, hence coin- . cide with, agree with ; also impers. ei, it happens. o-vp. pdXXw, throw together, hence compare ; also iritrans. engage in battle, come to blows ; in mid. conjecture. vw, give counsel to. , ?}, advice. (Att. -fjiiyvvfu), fat. -/u.tu, mingle together, hence have intercourse with, con- verse with ; also cum ace. and dat. *communicate something to one. *} sport with. crvjx-7rXKa) (aor. pass. -Tr\dKijv), plait together, hence entangle, of two vessels. orvixiroTTjs, -ov, 6, fellow-drinker, boon-companion. (rvfjnrpaKTWp, -o/>os, 6 (lit. doer ivith), helper. p<), intrans. turn out, happen. (rvv-d-yw, bring together ; also unite in marriage, get a daughter married. o-vv-oX^w, collect together. cruveSpiov, TO, sitting together, council. * (-ea>), crowd together, fasten tightly together. o-vv-itjfu, send, put together, hence put together in one's mind, understand, perceive. o-w-fo-rrjfu, place together ; in pass, and intrans. act. tenses, stand together, meet. *, pile up. (rvv-vow (-cw), think upon, re- flect. 144 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. , hasten on, hasten to an end. , run together. aa> (Att. -rrw], cupa, 77, globe, sphere, ball. ts, ace. 0"as, gen. acfi&v, dat. i, enclitic, 3rd pers. pron. plur. they. dance-figure. p.a, TO, body, person. pos, 6, heap. crws, crua, vXaj-, -a/co?, 6, keeper of the wall. TKp/rjpiov, TO, evidence, proof. , -a, -ov, complete, ended, fulfilled. T\iw (-6a>), cottiplete, effect. T\VTT|, 77, end. T\\JTW (-aw), (1) come to an end, die ; (2) am the end of, cum gen. ; (3) make an end of, end, cum ace. VOCABULARY I. 145 T\OS, r6, end ; hence, office, or magistracy, as being the final or highest station in civil life; also adverbial, at last, finally. reXw (-u},fut.re\(ru, contracted reXw, bring to an end, accom- plish. Tpas, r6, a wonder, marvel, prodigy. T&rs, adv. 6/Tpaxvs, roughly, harshly. rpis, rpia, three. TpeVo), turn ; rpeireiv CTTL vovv, put into one's mind ; mid. rpe-rreo-eaL es r)j>, nourish, rear. ci), fut. Bp^ofj.aL, Oetao/ULCLi, or dpafjLovfjLcu, aor. Z5pafj.oi>, run. 146 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. *Tpio>, pf.ivith present meaning r^Tpiya, utter a shrill cry, squeak. TpirjpTjs, -es,lit. triply -furnished, usually as subst. 77 TpLrjprjs (supply vavs), a trireme, i.e. a ivar vessel with 3 banks of oars. rpfe, numeral adv. thrice. Tpiros, -77, -ov, third ; neut. rptrov, as adv. thirdly, rpdirif], 77 (lit. turning), rout, defeat. rpoTTos, lit. turning; hence, way, manner, means ; also, as we say turn of mind, i.e. disposition, character. rpvo), lit. rub ; hence, wear out, afflict, distress. TiryX < * vo> > rev&fjiai, Terir^/ca, Zrvxov, obtain ; usually cum gen.; also intrans. chance, happen, often cum partic. of another verb ; frequently im- personal. Tv-mro), fut. TijTrrrjo-a), the other tenses are not found in Attic, strike, beat ; also, wound ; mid. TviTTOfjicu, I beat myself, hence, mourn, mourn for, cum. ace. rupavvis, -f 05,77, absolute power, sovereignty. _ r __ . .,j, -ov, 6, an overbearing intemperate person ; also adjectivally, Trcudes U/S/HCTTCU, wild, ungovernable. v8cop, gen. vdaros, r6, water. vtos, gen. viov, or vttos, plur. ftets, view, vitvi, vleTs, son. t|Xis, 2nd pers. pron. plur. you. vjxTpos, -a, -ov, possess, pron. 2nd pers. plur. your. vir-a-ya), lead under, bring before a judge, etc. (see note on vii. (a) 1. 14) ; also, lead on se- cretly, draw on by degrees (see under virb, ad fin.}. tiir-ip.i (sum) am under ; hence at one's command. vireK-Ki|i.ai, am put away in for , prep, cum gen. and ace. over, above. (1) cum gen. properly of position, over, above ; also, in behalf of, for, for the sake of ; (2) cum ace. properly of motion, beyond ; also of measure, above, ex- ceeding. inrep-pdXXw, cast beyond, hence exceed, surpass, outbid (of an auction). *virp-'fj8o[icu, rejoice exceed- ing, am delighted. *{nrp-Ti0Tj(u, lit. place across, carry information to, com- municate. vrn]pTa) (-^w), properly to be a vTnjpcTrjs or roiver, hence serve, cum dat. of pers. , and often a neuter (cognate) ace. e.g. TTO.V vtrrip. to do every service to. vird, prep, cum gen. dat. ace. under. (1) cum gen. strictly from under, but often simply VOCABULARY I. 147 under, beneath ; hence cum gen. of a pers. under the agency of, by ; also cum gen. of a feeling etc. under the influence of, by reason of. (2) cum dat. icest under, be- neath, subject to. (3) cum ace. strictly motion towards under, to, also simply under; also of time, towards, about the time of. In composi- tion virb not infrequently denotes slightly, gradually, secretly. viro-86CKvv|ju, show secretly, give a mere glimpse of ; also simply show, display. i, (1) receive, enter- tain; (2) undertake, pro- mise. viro-Sew, bind under ; in mid. bind under oneself, put on shoes. viro-8vo>, usually in mid. and pass, withfut. mid. and strong aor. act. vn-edw, partic. -dfa, slip under, place oneself un- der. {iiro-v-yvu(xi, *bring under the yoke. virovyiov, TO, a beast for the yoke, beast of burden. vTroOrjia], i) (viro-TiffyfJii), sug- gestion, counsel. {nro-Owirevw, slightly flatter. viroKpuris, -ews, reply, answer. {rrro-Xaupdvtt, take up, support ; also take up in discourse, re- join, retort. , leave remaining, leave behind. viro-vocrrw, return back, retire, of a rimr, sink. nro-irijx'irp'r](xt, -irp-qadj, burn gradually. ;, -ov, winged, uw, look secretly at, hence , -ov (also -os, -a, -ov), under the hands of, in the power of. $s, uos, 6 and r), pig. vo-rcpaios, -a, -ov, happening on the next day ; rrj vo-repaia (supply we pa), adverbial, on the next day. tf-crn]|u, place, set under; in pass, and intrans. act. tenses, am placed under, hence under- take, engage, also lie in am- bush, lie in wait. {fa>, rain ; often impers. 0ei, it rains. aivw, avw, tyrjva, bring to light, display ; in pass. 0ai- VOJULCLL, -OV/J.CLI, aor. dvr)v, am seen, appear. N.B. aivo/jLai. elvoiL, "I appear to be," "I apparently am " ; a.ivofjLai &v, "I am seen to be," "I mani- festly am." 4>aK\os, 6, bundle, faggot. <|>ds, aor. partic. 148 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. lur. pres. indie, 4>dpa>, ofou, evrjvoxa, rjveyKov and fjveyKCL, carry, bear, endure ; of land, produce ; also in- trans. lead, tend ; in mid. 0epeo-0cu, carry off for oneself, win. i!ryci>,0ei'o/xcu, irefavya, tyvyov, take flight, flee, escape from. TJ|J.T), i], report. r]fj.i, fut. 7)(Tw, imperf. tyyv (used for aor.}, subj. 0w, opt. dvai, say. 0ipw, strong aor. pass, e00d- priv, destroy, ruin. 4>0ovepos, -d, -6v, envious, grudg- ing. L\o7roTT]S, 6, a lover of drink- ing. LXoo-Kwjx|Jta)v, 6, fond of jest- ing. Xavpos, -a, -ov, worthless, pal- try, .trifling. opw (-6co), frighten ; in pass. cumfut. mid. am frightened, fear, cum ace. <(>oLvcKLos, -a, -oi>, made from palrn. oiTw (-dw), go to and fro, go frequently to, visit. <(>ovvs, 6, murderer. *ovvw, kill, murder. <|>ovos, 6, slaughter, murder. -ew), frequentative of am in the habit of carrying, hence also wear. 4>ppVT]pTJs, -, of a sound mind, sane. povT^w, think, reflect ; cum gen. regard. povTfe, -i5os, T], care, regard. <|>pova> (-ew), think, consider ; e5 0/)o^a), am prudent, well- disposed ; cum neut. ace. e.g. ra tyxerepa poveiv, to hold your views, to favour your side. 4>pitycu/ov, TO, dry stick ; usually in plur. faggots. vylj, i), flight. <(>vXaK^, ?), guard, custody ; similarly in plur. ev 0uXa/ca?s ZX LV > to be on one's guard. <|>vXoLo- (-TTW), guard, defend ; in mid. be on one's guard against, cum ace. Averts, -6ws, 17, nature ; 0tfcrei, adverbial, by nature. 4>vo>, bring forth, make to grow ; pass, and intrans. act. viz. perf TrefivKa, strong aor. tyvv (infin. vvcu, partic. vs), am born, grow, am by nature, am. <|>(OVT|, rj, voice, cry. covco, (-^w), give voice, speak, cry out. 6s, 6, thief. VOCABULARY I. X. w, xcu/>?7, do a favour to gratify, please; cum dat. also in pass, sense, am mad pleasing to, done as a favour to. Xi\os, lip, hence rim, edge. Xi[A(6v, -tivos, 6, winter, wintry weather, storm. s, y, hand. -es, lit. accustomed to the hand, hence tame. Xi.povofj.w (-e'w), move the hands, hence gesticulate. Xeipw (-6w), master, subdue. *X 0t ts> TJ, 6i>, on the day before, of yesterday. \i\ioi, -at, -a, thousand; the sing, x^ios is sometimes used with collective nouns. , -WJ/QS, 6, under-garment, shirt, tunic. , 6, anger. , dance. RTJ, impers. (properly from Xpd-u, deliver an oracle, hence) it is fated, necessary, one must ; also it behoves, it is right, one ought. Subj. xpy, opt. xpeifj, infn.xpTJvai, imperf. 149 or xpfy ; the partic. is often used with ten for ' it is right. ' XPIJ1X need, long for, cum gen. of thing; also demand, ask, usually cum in/in. -i, rb, thing, affair ; usually in plur. xpwara, in sense of property, money. *XP^o-TT)pidi;oii,cu, consult an oracle, or deity (cum dat.). Xptl|j,a, rb, colour. Xpvo-tov, rb (properly dimin. of Xpv, cheat by lies ; in pass. ^etfdojucu (pf. tyevfffjuu, aor. \l/va0r)v) t am deceived ; cum gen. deceived about, cheated of, miss, lose ; commonly in mid. ifti&$Ofuu t \l/evaofJLat., e\j/ev- v, speak falsely, lie. a TO, lit. scrapings ; \f/. Xpvaov, gold-dust. yj, life, soul. ^fl, exclamation, oh ! w8, in this wise, thus ; usually referring like 6'de to what follows. a>0urji<$s, jostling, contention. s, -6, shoulder. buy. wpa, i}, hour, proper time, season. wpcuos, -a, -ov, seasonable, ripe; ya^uv upcuai, marriageable. ws (adv. of demonstr. 6s, = ille), thus. ws, (I) final conj. in order that, that, cum subj. or opt..; (2) relatival adv. of time, when ; alxo, since ; (3) as, especially with partic. (see on viii. B, 3. 1. 15) ; with superl. e.g. cos Ta%rra, as quickly as pos- sible ; CMTW- tq/tfk as an ad- verbial expression, e.g. ws eiicdatu, as one may guess, presumably ; (4) cww num- erals, to the number of, up to, about. , as if, as though. , just as if, even as. w(rT, so as to, so that, cum infin. or indie. WTOS, cDra, etc. see oSs. VOCABULAEY II. PROPER NAMES. A. 'AyapCcrn), Agarista, daughter of Cleisthenes, tyrant of Sicyon, and married to Alcmaeon. See xiv. (b.). 'A8jxavTos, Adimantus, commander of the Corinthian ships at the battle of Salamis. A0fjvcu, at, Athens, so-called after the patron-goddess Athene. Adj. 'AByvalos, -a, -ov, Athenian. AtyCvt), 7?, Aegina, an island midway between the coast of Attica and of the Peloponnese. Adj. Aiyiv^rj^, gen. -ou, Aeginetan. Al'yuirTos, rj, Egypt. Adj. Afytnmof, -a, -OP, Egyptian. AlOioircvs, fem. -fc, Aethiopian. AlOv, 6, Alcmaeon, founder of the great Athenian family of the Alcmaeonids. , -ou, a descendant of Alcmaeon, an Alcmaeonid. , 6, Amasis, who usurped the Egyptian throne in 569 B.C., his reign being a period of great prosperity for Egypt. Died 525. 151 152 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. 'A(j.Lvias, -ou, 6, Ameinias, a brother of the great tragic poet Aeschylus, and greatly distinguished at Salamis as a captain. "Afji[Av, -o>os, 6, Ammoii, worshipped in Libya, and subse- quently in Egypt as the supreme deity. Adj. 'Awuvios. 'AiroXXwv, -wj/os, Apollo, one of the greatest divinities of the Greeks being the special patron of the Hellenic race. 'AiroXXwvta, rj, Apolloma, a city founded by Corinth on the Adriatic, near the borders of Illyria and Epirus ; hence 'ATroAAomdr?^, -ov, an ApoUonicUe. s, -ov, b, Apries, a king of Egypt, deposed by Amasis, 569 B. c. , and put to death by the Egyptians. a, 77, Arabia. 'Ap-yetos, -a, -ov, Argive, i.e. belonging to the Peloponnesian city Argos, or to Argolis, the district of which Argos was the chief town. 'Apipfyvris, Aribignes, a brother of Xerxes, killed at Salamis. 'Apiv, 77, Babylon, capital of Babylonia, and seat of the Babylonian empire ; captured and brought under Persian control by Cyrus. Bf]Xos, 6, Belus or Baal, one of the chief pagan deities among the eastern nations. Adj. BvjXetfs, fern. BrjXi's, applied in Babylon to irv\ai, the gates of Baal. Bfrrcov, -wi>os, Biton, a son of Cydippe, a priestess of Hera at Argos. See p. 23, seq. BOVTW or Bovrds, Buto or Butm, an Egyptian city. BpOI, Delphi, a town in Phocis, celebrated for its oracle of Apollo, the most famous of all oracles among the Greeks and their neighbours. Dodona, a town in Epirus, a district in North- western Greece, celebrated for its oracle of Zeus. It was more ancient than the oracle of Apollo at Delphi, but less renowned, partly owing to the remoter position of Dodona. E. s, T), Eleusis, a town in Attica, opposite the island of Salamis, celebrated for the Eleusinian mysteries in con- nection with the worship of Demeter and Persephone. 'EXavTivr], Elephantine, a city on the Nile, on the borders of Egypt and Aethiopia. 'EXXds, 77, Hellas or Greece, the latter being the name em- ployed by the Eomans, and the former by the Greeks themselves. EXXrjv, -TJVOS, a Greek. Adj. 'EXX^t/cos, -77, -bv, Greek. Evpu(3icL8T]s, -ou, the leader of the Spartans at the battle of Salamis, and also commander of the united Greek fleet. Evpd.TT]s, 6, -ov, the Euphrates ; one of the great rivers of Asia, upon which Babylon was built. Z. Zco-rrvpos, 6, Zopyrus, one of the six Persians who aided Darius in overthrowing the false Smerdis. (See Aapetos. ) He subsequently caused the capture of Babylon as described in xi. B. H. 'Hpa, 77, Hera, or Here, the chief goddess in the Greek religion, wife of Zeus. VOCABULARY II. 155 0. @[u), 6, Cambi/ses. There were two Persians of this name. I. A Persian noble, who married 156 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. Mandane, daughter of Astyages the Median king, and became the father of Cyrus the Great, king of the Persians and Medes. II. The son of Cyrus, and successor to the throne. Cambyses conquered Egypt and added that country to the Persian Empire. His attempts to extend his power farther into Africa were ineffectual. He died B.C. 521 owing to an accident while on his way to suppress the so-called Smerdis who had set up a claim to the throne. (See under Kicro-ios, -a, -GJ>, Cissian, a term applied to certain gates of Babylon. K\ior06VT]s, -ous, 6, Cleisthenes, a powerful tyrant of Sicyon. KXcopts, Cleobis, see Biro??/. KdpivOos, ?}, Corinth. KopivOios, -a, -ov, Corinthian. Kpoio-os, 6, Croesus, the last king of Lydia. He subdued most of the Greek cities in Asia Minor, extended his empire over the greater part of that country, and his prosperity and wealth became proverbial. Venturing however to attack the Persians, he was totally over- thrown by Cyrus, and the Lydian Monarchy became included in the Persian Empire (546 B.C.). The life of Croesus was spared (see p. 25-6), and he became the confidential adviser of Cyrus and subsequently of Cambyses. Kt>p.T), Cyme, a Greek city in Aeolis, a district in Asia Minor. s, -a, -ov, Cymean. KvpTjvaios, -a, -oi>, Cyrenean, i.e. belonging to Cyrene, the chief Greek colony in Africa, founded B.C. 631. Kvpos, Cyrus, the founder of the Persian Empire ; see vm. He reigned from 559 B.C. to 529 B.C. A. ACUCCOVIKOS, -rj, -bv. Laconian, i.e. belonging to Laconia, the district of which Sparta was the chief city. 7, Libya, i.e. Africa, usually exclusive of Egypt. s, -vos, a Libyan. VOCABULARY II. 157 Av86s, -77, -6v, Lydian, i.e. belonging to Lydia, once a powerful country of Asia Minor, of which Sardis was the capital. See under Kpotaos. A\jo-L(xaxos, Lysimachus, an Athenian, father of Aristides. M. Ma^dp^s, 6, Mazares, a Mede, a general of Cyrus. MavSdvr], Mandane, daughter of Astyages, and mother of Cyrus. See p. vm. A. Mdvrjs, -ou, 6, Manes, father of Atys, q.v. s, 6, Megabyzus, one of the seven Persian nobles who overthrew the false Smerdis. (See AapeZos.) He was the father of Zopyrus. fjs, -tovs, Megacles, an Athenian noble, a member of the powerful family of the Alcmaeonidae, chosen by Cleisthenes as his son-in-law. See xiv. (6). Me-yapcts, ot, the Meyarians, i.e. inhabitants of Megara, the chief town of Megaris, the district bordering on Attica. Mf)8os, a Mede. Adj. Myducos, -??, -&, Median. Mvno-iiXos, 6, Mnesiphilus, a prominent Athenian, who took part in the battle of Salamis. See p. 47. Motpis, -ews, 77, the Lake Moeris, the largest of the lakes of Egypt. Mouvvxta, T), Munychia, a portion of the Peiraeus, and one of the ports of Athens. M\>Kpivos, Mycerinm, king of Egypt. See iv. N. Nacrafjiwves, oi, the Nasamones, a Libyan tribe in the north of Africa. NetXos, 6, the Nile. NCvios, -a, -ov, Ninevite, a name given to one of the gates of Babylon. s, 17, Nitocris, Queen of Babylon, supposed by some to have been the wife of Nebuchadnezzar. See xu. and xi. A. 158 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. a 6, Xerxes, son of Darius, whom he succeeded as king of Persia. He carried out his father's plan of a great invasion of Greece, which was completely foiled. See xvi. He was murdered in 505 B.C. O. 'OX.vp.ma, rd, the Olympian games, for which see on xiv. (6). 1. 4. n. IIaKTVT|s, 6, Pactyes, a Lydian, who induced his fellow- citizens to revolt against Cyrus. See x. IIaXX.T]Vvs, a Pallenian, i.e. inhabitant of Pallene, an im- portant ' deme ' or township in Attica. JlavaiTios, 6. Panaetius, captain of a Tenian vessel, who deserted at Salamis from the Persian fleet to the Greeks, and confirmed the news brought by Aristides that the Greeks were surrounded. 6, Peiraeus, a town or district consisting of a peninsiila on the west coast of Attica, famous for its harbour, which after the time of Themistocles (see Ge/utrTo/cXTjs) served as the port of Athens. IIcXoirovvTjo-os, 17 (IIAoTros I>TJcra[AVT|s, -ous, 6, Sosamenes, a Tenian, father of Panaetius. T. Tdpas, -ap-ros, Tarentum, a powerful Greek city in Southern Italy, founded by the Lacedaemonians. Tc'XXos, 6, Tettus, an Athenian. See ix. (a). TTJVIOS, a Tenian, i.e. an inhabitant of Tenos, an island in the Aegean Sea. TuravSpos, 6, Tisander, father of the Athenian Hippocleides. pvy6s, Phrygian. The Phrygians are said to have been one of the oldest races in Asia Minor. X. XaXScuos, Chaldaean, the Chaldaeans being a Babylonish people, who, like the Magi, constituted the learned class. os, 6, Psammetichus, a king of Egypt during the latter half of the 7th century B.C. It was during his reign that Greeks were first admitted to Egypt. INDEX OF NON-ATTIC WORDS OR USAGES IN THE VOCABULARY. The letters Tr. against a word or particular signification implies that, though not found in Attic Prose or in the ordinary language of Comedy, it is employed by Attic poets in the Iambics of Tragedy. It may therefore in most cases be used in Greek Verse Composition. A. 'Aya6ovpyia. dyyos, Tr. ay pa mode of catch- ing. dyxou, Tr. ayui>iafj,a = contest. d0Xos, Tr. dO\o. d\ia. AXtfw, Tr. dX/o), Tr. AX/a/xo?, Tr, s, Tr. VKu = per- suade to change one's mind. s = recogni- tion. See on vm. B., 2, 1. 16. dvaiffifjiu). dvaKTjpvaau = put up to auction. dvaTTTvo-au, Tr. dvdpcrios, Tr. dvacTKoXoTrifa. dvc.TlfJi<:fJL(j)0/J,ai. avvdpos, Tr. dTretXw = press hard. dTToirXous. dprrj/Jia , Tr. dairaipu, Tr. dcrxdXXw, Tr. dai>5dvw, Tr. a6oyyos, Tr. 161 ]62 TALES FROM HERODOTUS. B. fyiTnypos. fyirodifa = bind. See /caraSw = convict. (30VK6\IOV. 8 p (bos* Tr. on xix. (6) 1. 2. /CaTaO'/CWTTTW. /caracTTrouSct^OAiat. KarcKpovevw, Tr. r. f?7Ate/}cJ, Tr. /caraxpwAtat. /careiXw. A. e|o7/cco, Tr. eTrtX^yoAtat read. KaTpydofj(,cu = des- troy, Tr. KaToiKTtf, Tr. daivviu, Tr. iri/ji.r)x<*-vuiu< /car6yoAtai. oet/xcuVw, Tr. eTTtTrXew float on. /caroTrr^s. dewoXoyov/JicLi. deKacrrjs = 10 years old. See on vm. e/>5w, Tr. ^S, B., 1, 1. 1. tfftiyU. /cXa^^^y. 5^/cas, Tr. efijj,opd)os, Tr. KVvfafJLO.. Stav^w = swim across, in lit. sense. e'0o/)Acw (-aw), Tr. Z. feiryX?;, Tr. K6\Tros, Tr. KVK\ovfjLo.L = surround. ACUDW (-<:0i>), Tr. iSJJS* fei>yyuAiai (in middle). A. 56Xepos, Tr. e. Xd/3pos, Tr. XelfjijULa. S^^ >Tr ' ^XaSi. \e\oy iff /Jitvws, Tr. Xeo"x^j Tr. SucTTrerws, Tr. Beoirpbiriov, Xt(7croAtai, Tr. E. fi I }~ T'T* M. er/xa, Tr. ?/cas, Tr. I. ifjiepos, Tr. Ativ, Tr. fjLV7}ffrr]p, Tr. eKyiyvofjLcu. = am born from. &06(rts, Tr. e/c/caXuTTrw, Tr. t'r&Vos. K. /uiopos, Tr. /x^pcrtuos. Tr. N. IgJCCIpat. Ka\\i(rreij(t} Tr. vfjULCfftSj Tr. e/cp777i>i/Au= burst out in a passion, Tr. t/JL/mavris, Tr. K&IJLVU - I am dis- tressed at, Tr. K(/ora. peo7>6$, Tr. INDEX. 163 0. , Tr. 6Vetpo7r6Xos. c'0is, Tr. n. Traiyvid. Trapacrdrrw. Trapa^poj'w. TrdpeSpos, Tr. TrdpeK. Trdrpa, Tr. TrepLKeipd). w{pi, Tr. TTO^S, Tr. TTOpd/JLOS. irpocreiKeXos. = resem- ble. ' TrpoTL0Tfj/j.L = expose,Tr. TTT^pWTOS, Tr. , Tr. P. peWpov, Tr. pVOLLOLL. Tr. S. (TTO/AW. / . m , Tr. w = communi- cate. (TWffTpa. T. T. VTrep'/idofJLai. vireprldrjfjLi. vTTofctiyvvfjLL = bring under the yoke. u, Tr. ^p?;s, Tr. X. is, Tr. , Tr. GLASGOW I PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO. LTD. 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SHUCKBURGH, M.A. BOOK III. By E. S. SHUCKBURGH, M.A. PASSAGES FOR GREEK TRANSLATION FOR LOWER FORMS. By G. H. PEACOCK, M.A., and E. W. W. BELL, M.A. PHAEDRUS. FABLES. By Rev. G. H. NALL, M.A. SELECT FABLES. Adapted for Beginners. By Rev. A. S. WALPOLK, M.A. PLINY. SELECTIONS ILLUSTRATIVE OF ROMAN LIFE. By C. H. KEENE, M.A. LETTERS. I.-XII. By C. J. PHILLIPS, B.A. SALLUST. JUGURTHINE WAR. Adapted by E. P. COLERIDGE, B.A. THE CATILINE. By G. H. NALL, M.A. SUETONIUS.-STORIES OF THE CAESARS. By H. WILKINSON, M.A. TACITUS. THE ROMAN CONQUEST OF BRITAIN. By W. MODLEN, M.A. THUCYDIDES. THE RISE OF THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE. BOOK I. Chaps. 89-118 and 128-138. With Exercises. By F. H. COLSON, M.A. THE FALL OF PLATAEA, AND THE PLAGUE AT ATHENS. From BOOKS II. and III. By W. T. SUTTHERY, M.A., and A. S. GRAVES, B.A. BOOK VII. Athenian Disaster in Sicily. By E. C. MARCHANT, M.A. VALERIUS MAXIMUS. By C. H. WARD, M.A. VIRGIN-SELECTIONS. By E. S. SHUCKBURGH, M.A. BUCOLICS. By T. E. PAGE, M.A. GEORGICS. BOOK I. By T. E. PAGE, M.A. BOOK II. By Rev. J. H. SKRINE, M.A. BOOK III. By T. E. PAGE, M.A. BOOK IV. By T. E. PAGE, M.A. AENEID. BOOK I. By Rev. A. S. WALPOLE, M.A. BOOK I. By T. E. PAGE, M.A. BOOK II. By T. E. PAGE, M.A. BOOK III. By T. E. PAGE, M.A. BOOK IV. By Rev. H. M. STEPHENSON, M.A. BOOK V. By Rev. A. CALVERT, M.A. BOOK VI. By T. E. PAGE, M.A. MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD., LONDON. MACMILLAN'S ELEMENTARY CLASSICS Continued Virgil. Aeneid Continued. BOOK VII. By Rev. A. CALVERT, M.A. BOOK VIII. By Rev. A. CALVERT, M.A. BOOK IX. By Rev. H. M. STEPHENSON, M.A. BOOK X. By S. G. OWEN, M.A. BOOK XL By T. E. PAGE, M.A. BOOK XII. By T. E. PAGE, M.A. XENOPHON. ANABASIS. Selections, adapted for Beginners. With Exer- cises. By W. WELCH, M.A., and C. G. DUFFIELD, M.A. BOOK I. With Exercises. By E. A. WELLS, M.A. BOOK I. By Rev. A. S. WALPOLE, M.A. BOOK II. By Rev. A. S. WALPOLE, M.A. BOOK III. By Rev. G. H. NALL, M.A. BOOK IV. By Rev. E. D. STONE, M.A. BOOK V. By Rev. G. H. NALL, M.A. BOOK VI. By Rev. G. H. NALL, M.A. BOOK VII. By Rev. G. H. NALL, M.A. SELECTIONS FROM BOOK IV. With Exercises. By Rev. E. D. STONE, M.A. SELECTIONS FROM THE CYROPAEDIA. Exercises. By A. H. COOKE, M.A. TALES FROM THE CYROPAEDIA. With Exercises. By C. H. KEENE, M.A. SELECTIONS ILLUSTRATIVE OF GREEK LIFE. By C. H. KEENE, M.A. The following contain Introductions and Notes, but no Vocabulary : CICERO.-SELECT LETTERS. By Rev. G. E. JEANS, M.A. HERODOTUS.-SELECTIONS FROM BOOKS VII. and VIII. THE EXPEDITION OF XERXES. By A. H. COOKE, M.A. HORACE.- SELECTIONS FROM THE SATIRES AND EPISTLES. By Rev. W. J. V. BAKER, M.A. SELECT EPODES AND ARS POETICA. By H. A. DALTON, M.A. PLATO.-EUTHYPHRO AND MENEXENUS. By C. E. GRAVES, M.A. TERENCE. -SCENES FROM THE ANDRIA. By F. W. CORNISH, M.A., Vice-Provost of Eton. THUCYDIDES. BOOK IV. Chaps. 1-41. THE CAPTURE OF SPHAC- TERIA. By C. E. GRAVES M.A. MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD., LONDON. S. 10.6.15. 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