FC
R
ELEMENTARY CLASSICS'"
TALES FROM
HERODOTUS
G.S. FARNELL
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED
LONDON BOMBAY CALCUTTA
MELBOURNE
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO
DALLAS SAN FRANCISCO
THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD
TORONTO
Farnell s Herodotus Frontispiece.
Portrait of Herodotus at Naples.
Arndt-Bruim-Bruckmann, Portrdts.
Classics
Tales from Herodotus
WITH
Attic Dialectical Forms
Selected for Easy Greek Reading
BY
G. S. Farnell, M.A.
Late Assistant Master at St. Paul's School
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS
MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED
ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON
1912
COPYRIGHT.
First Edition 1891.
Reprinted 1895.
Re-issue, with illustrations, 1902.
Reprinted 1907, 1912.
GLASGOW : PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO. LTD.
$58
/f/2-
PREFACE.
I HAVE endeavoured in this selection to arrange
some of the stories of Herodotus suitably for
purposes of comparatively easy Greek reading. But
for the Dialect, there are few, if any, Greek authors
so desirable for translation at an early stage. The
construction of his sentences, with rare exceptions, is
unusually easy, and in style and subject he is simple
and fascinating beyond comparison. On the other
hand the employment of his native Ionic Dialect
causes him to be inaccessible to all but advanced
students, and it is only by taking liberties with the
Dialectical forms that it is possible to introduce
younger pupils to his writings. With no little hesi-
tation I have ventured to effect the change re-
quired, in order that Herodotus may no longer be a
closed book to so large a number of the learners of
Greek. But beyond the substitution of Attic forms,
and with the exception that in a very few instances
I have avoided a complicated construction, I have
3361^8
vi PREFACE.
adhered as closely as possible to the text. 1 1 have
not thought it necessary to interfere with the
vocabulary by substituting Attic for any non-Attic
words ; for, in the first place, this would be tamper-
ing too far with the author's language ; and, secondly,
in the text of this book nearly three fifths of the
non- Attic prose words are nevertheless employed in
the Iambics of the Attic Tragic Poets, and thus the ,
pupil will meet many of them again as soon as he
reads a Greek play. I have carefully marked in the
Vocabulary all words not found in the, accepted Attic
prose-writers, 2 and in a separate list I have indicated
which of these are employed by the Tragedians. The
proportion of the latter to the whole number of non-
Attic words furnishes a vivid illustration of Dr.
Rutherford's remarks in The New Phrynichus on the
nature of the Tragic Diction.
G. S. F.
1 I have thus diverged from the plan so well carried out in
Mr. Phillpotts's Stories from Herodotus, which are more or
less re-written in Attic diction.
2 I have followed Dr. Rutherford in not taking the un-
supported authority of Xenophon as a guarantee of genuine
Attic usage. See The New Phrynichus, passim.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
TEXT, - - 1
I. How Games were invented by the Lydians to
relieve their Distress in time of Famine, - 1
II. How to discover the Oldest Race upon Earth, 2
III. Crocodiles worshipped in part of Egypt.
Curious Device for their Capture elsewhere, 3
IV. The Story of Mycerinus, 4
V. Stories of Amasis, who usurped the Throne
of Egypt, 5
VI. How Arion the Lyric Poet was saved from
Pirates by a Dolphin, - 7
VII. Story of Euenius, - 9
VIII. Story of Cyrus the Great, King of Persia, 11
IX. Solon and Croesus, 22
X. Reverence for Suppliants enforced by the
Oracle, 26
XL Captures of Babylon, - 28
XII. A Rebuff to Darius for disturbing the Tomb
of Nitocris, Queen of Babylon, 35
XIII. The Babylonian Wife-Market, 36
vii
viii CONTENTS.
PAGE
XIV. Two Stories of the Alcmaeonid Family, - 37
XV. Exploration of Central and Southern Africa, 40
XVI. Narrative of the Battle of Salamis, 480 B.C., - 46
XVII. How Gold is procured in India among the
Ant-bears, 55
XVIII. Stories of Arabia, - 56
XIX. Scythian Prophets, 58
XX. The Power of Custom, - 60
NOTES, 61
VOCABULARY L, - 103
VOCABULARY II. PROPER NAMES, - -151
INDEX OF NON-ATTIC WORDS, . . . . 161
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
4
17
Portrait of Herodotus at Naples, - - - Frontispiece
Playing at Knucklebones (in colour), - - - Face page I
Playing at Draughts,
Mummy of Young Crocodile,
Statuette of Mycerinus, ....
Persian Spearman (in colour), -
Cyrus the Great, divinized,
Arion on a Dolphin,
Gold Coin (of Croesus ?),
Phoenician Ship, .....
Cleobis and Bito,
Croesus on his Pyre, .....
Apollo of Branchidae,
Plan of Babylon,
Fancy Dancing,
Flute Playing,
Pygmy and Cranes, )
Relief at Athens showing waist of a trireme, - *
23
25
27
30
39
41
MAP.
Battle of Salamis, B.C. 480,
Pages 48, 49
81
_g
^
TALES FROM HERODOTUS
I. How GAMES WERE INVENTED BY THE LYDIANS
TO RELIEVE THEIR DISTRESS IN TIME OF FAMINE.
ot AvSol ras Tratyvtas rots vvv o"<to~t re /cat
"EAA^crt /ca#-ecrrajcras kavr&v e^evpTjfJia yeyeo-^at, ooSe irepl
Aeyovres* 'ETTI "Arvos TOU Maveco /^acrtAew? (rtro-
lor^vpa ai/a T)V AuStav Tracrav eyevero, /cat ot A^Sot
AtTrapovvres, //.era 8e, ws OVK eTravero, a/c^ 5
, aAAos 8e aAAo 7r-/JLrj^avaro. 'E^-rjvptOrj 8rj
vv rore /cat TWV KV/Suv /cat rwv ao-r/oayaAoji/ /cat rfjs
/cat rwv aAAtov Trao-wi/ Tratyvtwv ra et'8^, TrA^v
TOIJTWV ya/o rr)v e^c^pO i tv ov/c ot/c<ouvrat ot
AvSot. 'ETrotow & 58, Trpos rov At/Aov e^-ev/oovres ra? 10
Tratyvtas* r^v /xev erepav rwv ^/xe/Dwv eVatfov 7rao-av,
tVa 8^ /x^ f^rotev crtrta, T^V Se eTepav ecrnovvro Travo-
fjicvoi TWV Tratyvtwv. Totovrw T/>o7ra> St-rjyov CTT' T7y
Svotv Seovra et/coo~tv.
/ ?'/' '.;.;" ,'A!LES FROM HERODOTUS.
II. HOW TO DISCOVER THE OLDEST RACE UPON
EARTH.
Ot AtyUTTTtOt, TTplV fJLV Tj ^afJLfJL^TL^OV CTC^OOV fiatTlX.-
eixrat, evofJLifov COLVTOVS TrpWTOVs yevecr^at TrdVrajv dvOpw-
TTWV* 7Tir) Se ^afjLfJLYjTLXo^ /?acTt Aeixr as rj0
otrti/es yeVotvro Trpcorot, d?ro TOVTOV (^povov)
5 <&pvyas wporepovs yevecrOai eavrwi/, TWV Se
eavroiJS. ^a^/x^rt^o? Se a) ov/c eSi'varo
Tropov ovSeva TOVTOV cxv-cvpetv, ot yevotvro Trpwrot dvOpw-
TTWV, 7Ti-T)(vaTai TotovSe* IlatSta &uo veoyva dvOpwirwv
TtOV 7Tfc-TV^(OVTCOV S/Saxri 7TOLfJLVL Tp(f)LV, VT6lX.dfJLVOS
10 p?Seva avrtov avrw /X7y8e/>ttav </>WV^F tevat,
8e ^pijfjir) !(' eavrwv Kctcr^at avra, /<at ev w^oa
?r-aytv cr<t afyas, TrX^a-avra Se TOV yaAaKTOs raAAa
8ia7rpdTTeo-0ai. Tavra S' eTrotet re /cat evereAAero o
^a/z^rtx ?? e^eAwv a/covcrat ^vrtva ^>tov^v pr)ovcri
15 TT/OWT^V ot 7rat8e9, a7raAAax^ l/T(ol/ T( ^ I
^jU,aT(i>v. "A7re/3 o^v /<at eyevcTO* d>s yap
lyeyovet, TO> 7rot/>tevt avoiyovrt r^v Ovpav /cat ecrtovrt ra
?rat8ta dp^oTtpa TrpocnriTrTOVTa /?e/cos e^xuvow, o/oeyovra
ras x W a<s '
20 Ta //,6V 8^) TT/owra a/coTxras ^(rv^o? ^v 6 Trot^v* ws
6e TroAAa/cts </>otra)VTt avro) /cat eTTt/xeAo^ei/w ?roAi) T^V rovro
TO 67TOS, ovrw 8^ (T^/x^vag TO) SecTTTOT^/ r|yaye ra TratSta
cs o^tv T^V l/cetvov. 'A/coiJ(ras Se /cat avros 6
fJLTjTLXOS 7TVv6aVTO OtTtVCS ttV^/OWTTCDV /BtKOS TL
25 7rvv^avo/>ti/os Se rjvpio-Ke &pvyas /caAovi/ras rov apTov.
Farnell's Herodotus Face page 2.
Playing at Draughts. Arch. Zeit., 1863. (P. 2.)
Mummy of a Crocodile in the British Museum. (P. 3.)
CROCODILES IN EGYPT.
(TVl'-\WpY]<TaV AiyVTTTlOl) TOfcOTrTO) O-
arfj TOVS 3>pvya$ TrptcrfivTepovs eivaL eairrwv.
III. CROCODILES WORSHIPPED IN PART OF EGYPT.
CURIOUS DEVICE FOR THEIR CAPTURE ELSEWHERE.
To?S fJLV 8?) TWV AlyVTTTllDV LpOL eiCTiV OL KpOKoStl Aot,
rots 8' ov, aAA' are 7roAe//,tot>s TrepitTrovcn. 01 Se Trept re
07y/^ag KGU TT)V Motpews Xipvriv OIKOVVTCS /cat /ca/mx
v, SeStSay/x,ei/ov efvat \eupoijOrj' dpr^jjiara Se 5
I? ra (ora ei/^evre? /cat d/z</)tSeas Tre/Dt Toi;9 TrpocrOiOVS
TToSag, /cat (Tiria CLTroraKTa StSovres /cat te^oeta, Tre/ot-
cos KclAAtcrra ^tovras* aTro-^avovras 8e rapt-
OaTrrovcrLV kv iepais 9y'}KaL<$.
01 Se Trept 'EAe^ai'TfcVTyv yroAtv ot/covvres Kat tcrOiovviv 10
cfurovs, OTJ>( ^yovfJLVOL ttpovs eTvai. "Aypat 8e avrtov
TroAAat KaB-eo-TrJKacri Kal TravTOtaf r) 8' e/xot ye So/cet
a^tcorarTy a(/>^y^crecos efrat rairn/v ypa^xo* 'ETrctSav
VCOTOV "uo? SeXedfrr) rts Trept dyKtcrr/DOV, ^eS-Ui es /xecrov
T(V Trora/xoV avros Se eTrt rov )(fcAoi;s TOU TroTapov e^wv 15
ca ^to^v, ravrrjv Tvirrei. 'ETra/coiVas 8e r^s
o Kpo/co8etAos terat Kara rr)
Tto VCOTCO KaraTTivei) ol 8e eA/<oi;o"t.
es y^v, TiyxoToy aTravrcov 6 Orjpevr'tjs
i' aurou roi;s offrOaXfjiovs' TOVTO Se Trot^cras 20
K(ipTa ei'Trercos ra AotTra yjtipovrai' fjirj Trot^cras 8e criv
TTO^O).
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
IV. THE STORY OF MYCERINUS.
How Mycerinus who governed the Egyptians justly after they
had been grievously oppressed by his predecessors was
fated to die in six years' time and how, by turning
night into day, he contrived to live twelve years in six.
rot ju,ev TOV irarpbs epya ac^vSave' o 8e
ra re tepa aVew^e, /cat rbv Aetov, rerpv/mevov es TO
(r\arov KaKov, dv-rJK Trpos epya re /cat Overtax' 6Y/cas
6"e avrois TravTCov ySacrtXetov S6/<atoraTa tKpivev. "Ovrt
5 Se ?]7rta) ra> Mf/ceptva) /cara roi)s TroAtVa? /cat ravra
CTTtT'^Sei'Ovrt Trptorov Ka/cwr >)/o^v 7y Ovyarrjp aVo-
Oavovcra, r) pdvov ol fy ev rots OIKLOLS T'ZKVOV. Mera
Se TO T>Js Ovyarpbs 7ra$os, ftevrepa TOVTM TW /^acrtAet
TaSe eyeveTO* ^HA^ev ot /xavTecov IK BOUTOVS TroAew?,
10 ws /xeAAot e^ crry fj,6vov /3iov$ TCO e/^So/xw TeAei;T^(reti/.
e O 8e Seivoi/ 7rot>;a-a/xevos eVe/x^er es TO /^ai/Tetov TW
6J.JLOV /cat TraT/ows, a7ro/cAeto~aFTS TO, te/)a, /cat
fjLefjLvrjfjitvoi aAAa /cat TOI>S dv9pu>Trovs (^OtipovTes, e
15 eTTt TroAvv ^(/oovov eyw 6" evo'e^^g wv />ieAA(o
oirreo TeAeuT^o-etv."
7 E/c 8e TOV ^pricrTrjpLov TOVTOV avTw SeiVe/oov
Aeyov " TOIJTCOV eve/ca /cat o~i>VTaxwet o~ot 6 /^to?' o*u yap
TreTrot^/ca? o x/ 06 ^ 1 ^ ^ v Troteti/. ^t ya/> AtyvTTTOv
20 KaKovcrOat, CTT' 6T7y TrevT^/covTa TC /cat e/caTov* /cat ot
/zev 8vo /?ao~tAts, ot ?rpo o~ov yei/d^tevot,
\ 5\ >; jj
0-U 0V.
Farnell's Herodotus Face page 4.
Statuette of Mycerhms. From the original in the Gizeh Museum. (P. 4.)
AMASLS. 5
TOLVTO, a/coixras 6 Mv/cepti'os, ws /caTa-Ke/cpi/xevcoi/ rjcfy
ot TOTTTCOV, Au)(va TTOt^crajLte^os TroAAa, dvdif/as avra
OTTWS ytyvotTo vv, eVtve re /cat rjvTrdOei ovO' o^/ze/oas 25
ovre vvKTo? avtets, e re rot eA?; /cat ra X,(rr} T
/xevo5, /cat tVa y?}s TrvvOdvoiro efvat ivrj/SrjTrjpLa
Setorara. Tavra 8e e/xTy^avaro e^eAwv TO
^u8o/zei/ov a7roSet^at, tVa ot ScoSeKa err/ avrt e^ ertoi/
yevotro, TWI/ WACTWV ^/xepwi/ TroLovfJLtvuv. 30
V. STORIES OF AMASIS, WHO USURPED THE
THRONE OF EGYPT.
(a) #ow, MI spite of his low birth, he induced his subjects
to respect him.
'Awpiov Se KaO-yprjiJLtvov e/?ao~t'Aei'O~ev "A/xao"t5. Ta
/xev 5r) Trpwra fcar-covovro rov "A/xao~t^ Aty^TTTtot /cat
Iv oijSe/xta pOLpa /xeyaAr; ^yov, are 8^ S^/ZOTT/V TO
?rptv oVTa /cat otKt'as OTJ/C 7rt<avoi;s' /zeTa 8e o~o^)ta
avTOW 6 "A/zacrts ov/c dyvufjioo-vvr) 7T/ooa--r;yayeTO. ^Hv
a^TO) aAAa Te dyaOa fjivpia /cat TroSaviTrrrjp
kv (S ai*TO9 Te 6 >/ A/zao"ts /cat ot SatT^/zove? TravTes
TroSas l/cao~TOTe ev-aTT-evt^ovTo. TOTJTOV ot5v KaTa/coi^as
ayaA/za 8at/xovos e^ auToC 7rot7yo-aTo, /cat iSpvcrev OTTOV
rjv ETrtT^SetoTaTov ot 8e AlyvTrrioi <omovTs TT/OOS TO 10
ayaA/xa o-/3ovro
Ma^cW 8e 6 "
<^>as /c TOV TroSaFtTTTTy/oos TO ayaAyu-a yeyoveyat, es 6V
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
/xv ot AtyvTrrtot eVe/zoteV re /cat rroSas eV-
15 a7roi/t'otvTo, Tore Se yu,eyaAws o-e/3oti/To. "HS^ ow, e<^y
Aeywy, 6//,otws airros TO> TroSaviTrrfjpi TreTrpayevar et
ya/o irporepov CLYJ STJ/JLOT^^ O/AWS ev TO) Trapovri efvat
us* /cat rifjiav re /<at TrpofArjOeicrOai kavrov
(b) How he justified his relaxation.
Toioirrw /Aev T/OOTTO> Trpoo-rjydyero TOVS
TotaSe* TO /xei^ opOpiov, ^
7rparr ra TrpoorfapoiAtva Tr^oay/xara' TO 8e
5 aTTo TovSe eVfci/e Te /cat KaTecrAcwTTTe TOI;S crt>/>t7roTas KCU
^v fAOLTaios T Kat iraiyviri^v.
? A^^eo~^ei/Ts 8e TOI'TOIS ot </uAot a^Tov, evovOerovv
avrbv, TOtaSe AeyovTe?* a> 12 /^acrtAeu, OTJK opOu><$ creavrov
TrpovcrrrjKas, es TO ayar <fi\avpov Trpodywv
10 2c yap X/^ v ^ v @pov<p o~e/xvw cre/xvov OaKovvra
7rpdvo-iv TO, TrpdyfJLara' Kal OVTCOS Al.ywrtot T' av
r)7Tio~TavTO ws VTT' dvSpos /xeyaAov ap^ovTat, /cat a/xetvov
cri) a^ rj/coi;e> i/w 8e Trotets oi;8a/xa>s /^
*0 8e TJ/xet^eTO Toto~8e a^Tovs* " Ot TO,
15 7raF //,ev SewvTat ^pyjcrOai evrtivovariv' eTrav Se
i;oiio~tv* et yap 6\) TO
etVy, eKpaytiiy av, oxrre es TO .Seov OTJK av e'x'Otev
avTOts \pfjcr0ai. OVTW $rj /cat dvOpojirov /caTao~Tao~t'
et e^eAot /caT eo~7rov8ao~^at aet yu,7^8e es Tratyvtav TO
ARION.
fjiepos tavrov avikvai, Aa$ot av rjrot /zavets r) aTro
yevo//,et/os* a eya> eTrtcrra/zevos /xepos tKarepb) ve/zto.
(c) Former spendthrift and dishonest habits of Amasis. His
unexpected treatment, after his accession to the throne,
of the oracular shrines which had encouraged his practices.
Aeyertu Se 6 "A/xacrts, KOI ore rjv tSiam/s,
efvat Kal (^)tAocrKw//,/>ta)v Kat ovSa//,co
dvtjp' OTTCOS 8e avrov TTLVOVTO, re KGU
eTrtAe/TTOt TO, eTTtT^Seta, eKAeTrre^ av Treptttov. Ot 8e
<f)dfjLVOL avrov e^etv ra cr^erepa ^pyjfjLara dpvovfJLtvov 5
?^yoi/ av 7rt juavretoF OTTOI^ eKacrrot? et^. IIoAAaKt?
/xei/ 8r) Kat fjXio-KtTO VTTO rwi/ /zavretwi-', 7roAAaK65 Se
/cat aTr-efavyev.
'ETTCI 8e KOU e^acr/Aei'crev, eTrot^cre rotaSe' "Ocrot
//,V avrov rwv ^eto^ aTreAvcrav //,?) ^>copa efi/at, TOVTWV 10
/xev TWP' iepwv ovre 7r-e//,eAeTO oirre es 67ri<TKvr]v $i8ov
ovStv ovSt (^otrwv ZOvev a^TOt? cos o^Sevos o^trtv
a^tots, \f/v8rj 6e /xai/reta K^KT^^VOL^' ocrot 8e aiJTo^
KareS^crav </)to/oa eu^at, TOI'TCOV, tos aAr^oos ^etov ovrcov
/cat difsevftrj //avTetot Trape^o/ze^cov, rex ju-aAtcrra eTT-e/xeAcro. 15
VI. How ARION THE LYRIC POET WAS SAVED
FROM PIRATES BY A DOLPHIN.
'Apt tuv 6 KiOapcoSos, rov TroAi'V TGI)
Trapa TlepidvSpcp T(o KopivOov rupav^
crat es 'IraAtav re K'at StKeAtai/. 'Epyacra/xevos
8 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
XprffjLaTa /xeydAa, r)@\r]o-V OTTtcrw es KopcvOov a<i-
KO~Oai. 'QpfJiaTO }JLV VVV K TdpaVTOS, 7Tl(TTV<J)V B
//.aAAov rj Koptr$tots, efJucrOwcraTO TrAoiov
o/06V0ia>i/. Ot (5e ev r<p TreAdyet eT
TOV 'Apiova K^aAoi/T5, ^etF TO, xpij[jiaTa.
cri'vets TOUTO, eAtcrcrero, ^p^/xara ju-ev cr</)t
10 \ISV\TIV 8e TrapaiTOVfJievos. OVKOVV 8r) eVet^ei/, aAA'
avrov/ 06 TropOjJLtis rj 8ia^prj(rOaL lavro^, d>s
yrj ru^ot, ^ CKTrrySay l T>)V OdXacrcrav TT)V
'ATretA^^ets 8e 6 'A/otwv e? aTro/otav, Trap-yrij-
(TOLTO avrovs irepuSeiv avrov kv TQ (TKvrj irao-fl crravra
15 ev rot? IScoAtots detcrat* de6 / (ras Se vTreSe^ero eavrov
01 Se, ecrfjX.()e yap avrois rjSovrj et jU-eAAotei/ d/cou-
(rtcrOai TOV dpicTTov dv0pw7ru)v doiSov, dve^wprjcrav IK rrjs
TrpvfJivrjs fJLcrr]\/ vavv. e O 8e, evSvs re Trdcrav rty
20 (TKtvYjv Kal Xa/Bwv ry]v KiOdpav, crras ev rot? eSwAtots
8lfjX0 VOfJLOV TOV OpOiOV' T\VTWVTO$ TOV 1/O//O1;
ppii//V e? TT)V 6dXao-crav tavTov w? ef^e crvv r/y
Trdcnj.
Kal ol p*v ctTreTrAeov Is Ko/otv^oV TOP 8e 'Ap/
25 8eA^>ts, (OS Aeyovo~t, urroAa/^wv ^rjVyi<ev ewl Tauvapov.
es
?rav TO
UTTO d?rto~Ttas 'Apiova pev ev <f>v\dKrj
/xe^tet's, dvaK(os 5e ef^e TWI/ TropOjuiWv. T2s Se
3 Traprjo-av, K\r}6VTas avTovs tfpeTO et Tt AeyotF
a>s t7^ T o~o>s
EUENIUS. 9
'IraAtai/ KCU AtVotev ev TrpaTTOvra eV Tapavrt, ITT <f)dvr]
CT(/>t O 'AptO)V, UCTTrep \(l)V ^-67nj87]Or. Kat Ot eK
ov/c etov ert
VII. STORY OF EUENIUS.
(a) He neglects the sacred sheep of Apollonia, and is punished
ivith blindness by his fellow-citizens.
"Eariv ev rrj 'ATToAAawa lepa rjX.iov Trpo/^ara, a ra?
/36o"K6Tai Trapa Trora/zov rtva, ras Se vi'/cra?
i/Spe?, ot TrAoihrco re /cat yevet SoKt/zwrotrot
TWF acrrwr, (frvXao'orovo'LV Viai;rov IKOMTTOS' Trept TroAAov
ya/o 8?) Trotorvrat ot 'A7roAAo)vtarat ra Trpofiara ravra 5
IK Oeorrpoiriov rtvo?' ev oe avrpto a.\>\i^ovra.L OLTTO rijs
TToAetos e/<a?. "Ei/^a 8?) rore o Ei'^vtos ovro?
Ai;KOt es TO avrpov
TWV 7rpo/5arwi/ a>s e^Koi/ra. 10
'0 Se co? ycrOero ef^e crty^ Kat ec^pa^ev o^Sert, ev vco
e^ojv avrtKara-cTTTycretv aAAa Trpidfjievos. Ot 8e 'ATroAAoj-
vtarat (05 eViJ^ovro, OTJ yap ZXaOev avrovs ravra yevd/xeva,
ai'rov VTTO St/cacrT^/otov KartKpivav TTJS
15
7 7 Ae </o<is declare that the punishment is excessive, and
that Enenius must be given ivhatever compensation he
chooses to claim.
Se TOI/ E-mynov e^-eTj'(/)Aa)(7av ? avTiKa
ravra ovre Trpoftard <r</)t ertKrei/, ovre y>y
10 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
Kapwov. 'ETrepomo/xeVots Se avrois eV re
eV AeA<otcrt TO amov rov Trapovros KaKou, TotaS
5 ot $eot' u 'AoY/coos TOI> cfrvXaKa rwv iepwv
o^ews O"Tep^o"are' rjfJLtis yap e
?, OV 7TpOTp6v T TTaVCTOfJLeOa
e/<tVco Tryotv av St/ca Score as av avros eA^rat Kat
TOVTCOV 5e TAoi;/xei/a>v avrot Scocro/xef
10 rotaTJTT/v ?}v e^ovra TroAAot dvOptoTTODV fjLaKapiov<riv
(c) The Apolloniates beguile Euenius into making only a
moderate demand. The gods bestow in addition the gift
of prophecy.
Ot Se 'ATToAAcovtarat diropprjTa 7rot7ycra/xei/ot ra
rrjpia ravraj TrpovBecrav ao"rotcrt rtcrt StaTrpa^at * ot
avrtp, Kal \6yovs aAAovs 7roto{5vro
5 es o Kar-e/^atvoF o-vAAv7roi;/xevot ra> Tra^et. Tavrr) Se
VTrayoi/re? r}po)ra)v rtVa SiKrjv av eAotro, et e^e
? A7roAAwvtarat SiKas VTro&TrjvaL Soxrety rwv Tr
'O 8e OVAC (XKTy/COlOS TO OtOTTpOTTLOV l\TO, CtTTCOV OTt 6
SoOetev avnj) dypoi rives KaAAto~Tot ovTe TWV ev TT^
10 'ATToAAcovta, /cat ot'KTycrts TT/JOS TOi;Tots, ^jv i^Set
ov(rav rwv ev TroAet, TO AotVoF d^vtTos dV etTy
Kat 6 /^ei/ Tavra e'Aeyey, ot 6e
VTroXafiovres " Ei'^vte, ravrrjv TTJV SiKfjv
T^S KT^AwO"(OS KTIVOV(TI KaTOL @O-
15 TrpoVta Ta yevo/x-eva."
CYRUS THE GREAT. 11
*O fJbtV Sr] TTpOS TOLVTa SeiVa 7TOttTO, V
TOV Travra Aoyov, a>s e^aTrarrjOeis' oc Se SiSdowriv avrta
a et'AcTO. Kat //-era ravra OLVTLKOL
VIII. STORY OF CYRUS THE GREAT,
KING OF PERSIA.
[ The Medes and the Persians were two kindred races, and up to
the time of Cyrus the Medes had the upper hand. They
had also extended their empire over a considerable part of
Asia. Cyrus, though his mother Mandane was a Median
princess, was born of a Persian father, Cambyses by name ;
and we read in this story how he rebelled against his grand-
father Astyages, the Median king, and finally established
the supremacy of the Persians over the Medes. He subse-
quently extended the empire of the Persians and Medes
enormously, and the career of conquest was continued by his
successors until it was effectually checked by the Greeks in
the great Persian wars.]
A. INFANCY OF CYRUS.
1. A sty ages, king of the Medes, in consequence of a vision
determines to destroy his daughter's new-born son Cyrus.
He orders Harpagus to put the child to death.
Ol TWV Maywv oi/et/x)7roAot ecr^/xat
e o^ew? rtvo? art /xeAAot 6 TTJS Ovyarpos avrov yovog
/^acriAeiVeiv dvrl e/ce/.i/ov. Tairra Sr) ovv
6 'AcTTvay?/?, a)? eycp'ero 6 Kiy)os, KaAecras TOV "
avpa QiKtiov KOU TrtcrToraTov rtoi/ M^Scov /cat Travrwv 5
12 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
Ttoj/ eavrov eVtrpoTrov, eAeyev ot rotaSe* ""ApTraye,
7rpay/xa o ai/ Trpocr-Oto, /x^Sa/zws Trapa^pr^cry. Ad/3e rov
Mai/Saw;s TratSa, <epa>i/ Se es creavroij aVo/cTetvov
Se Odifsov oro) ay rpoTrw a^ros /3ovX.rj." e O Se a^et/
10 "'12 f3avi\.V) el rot <tAoi/ TOVTO ovrw ycyvecr^afc, ^pr) ST)
TO y' e/z<W vTryptTtiO-Oai eTTtT^Setws."
TovTot? d[JLi\fsdfJLVos 6 "ApTrayos, a)s avTty 7rap69r) TO
?rat8tov, Tyet KAawv es; ra OLKIOL. TIaptXOwv 8e (f)pa^ rrj
eavTov yvvaiKi rov Travra -UTT' 'Ao-Tvayovs prjOevra Xoyov.
15 'H Se Trpos avrov Aeyef " Nvv ovv rt (rot ev va; ecrrt
Troteti/;" ? O Se d/xet/^erat 1 "Ov^ ?y eV-ereAAero 'Acrruay^s'
ovS' t 7rapa<f>povij(ri re /cat /zavetrai KaKiov i) vvv
/xatVerat, oi'/c eywye Trpocr-^tro/xat r>y y^w/x?; avrov, ovS'
5 <$)ovov TOLOVTOV vTryptrrjO'Lo. IIoAAwv 8e eVe/ca ou
20 <f)OVV(7w TO TratSt^ov /<at on avrw /xot o~vyyeves eo~Tt,
/cat ort 'Ao~Tfay^s jixev ecrrt yepwy, /cat a?rats" apcrevos
ydvoi'. Et Se /xeAA^cret ?y rupai/vts, TOUTOV TeAeimyorayros,
es T^F 6vyaTpa ravrrjv ava/2?yo~eo-$at, ^s vvv roi/ utov
/cretvet 'Ao-rimy^s St' e/xov, AetVerat TO VTe{)^ev e/xot
25 /ctvSuvwv 6 /xeytcrros 1 aAAa r^s /xei/ ao"^>aAetas eVe/ca
e/xot Set TOI'TOP' rov TratSa reAefrav* Set /xevrot rtva
TWV 'Ao-rvayoi'S c^ovea avroi; yeveV^at, /cat p) rwi/
2. Harpagus transfers the task of slaying the, child to one
of A sty ages' own herdsmen.
Taura etTre Kat aim'/ca ayyeAov eVe/ZTrev e?rt
nva TWV 'Acrruayovs, oi/ ^TrtVraTo vo/xas re eVtrrySeto-
CYRUS THE GREAT. 13
rotra? V^wvTdi Ka oprj rjpLoeo'TaTa, a> ovopct
8ar//5. 'Ejret ovv o fiovKoXos cnrovSy TroXXrj a<iK
s, e'Aeyey 6 "Apirayos TaoV " KeAevet ere 5
TO iraidiov TOVTO Xa/36vra $etvat 9 TO cprjjjio-
TOLTOV rQ)V opwv, OTTCOS ai^ rd^LCTTa 8ia-(f>9apir). Kat
TaSe Tot efceAevo-ei/ etTretv, oVt, eav /A^ diroKTeivys airro,
aAAa Tt
eyw.
herdsman returns home with the child and relates the
story to his wife.
Tairra a/coiVas 6 /3ovKO\os Kal avaAa/3u>v TO
L rr]V avrrjv 686v OTTtcrco, /cat ac^tKvetTat es T^
TOUTW 8' cipa Kal avTO) ^ yi/i/7y ei/ Kivy Trj
Sa eVe/cei/. 'ETret 8e a7r-ei/ocrT7yo-ev 6 /3ou/coAos,
v^ yjpero tvOvs o Tt OVTCO TrpoOvfJuus "ApTrayos aiVov 5
fjLTa7Tu\//aLTO. '0 8e eiWi/' a ^I2 yi;vat, etiSoV Te es TroAtv
eA$a)i/ Kat rjKovcra o JUT) tSetv w</>eAov. Of/cos /xev ?ra?
'A'pTrayou KXavOfJLto /caTet^eTO* eyw Se eKTrAayets oja eo~a>.
*12 Se Ta^to-Ta ear-rjXOov opw TratStov TT/ooKet/zevov,
acnraipov re /cat /cpa^yavo/zevov, KKoo~^/xeFov ^pvcrw T 10
K-at tcrOrJTi TrotKiXy. "Apirayos Se, ws etSe /ze, eKe
T>)V Ta^to-TTyv dvaXafiovra TO TratSto^ OL^ecrOa
Kal Oeivai evOa ^ptw8eo~TaTOV t7y TWV opwv, TroAA*
t yu,?) TavTa 7rot7yo~at/x,t. 'Eyw 8e dva-Xa/3iov
Kat Ka^ J oSov irvvQavo^ai rov Trdvra Aoyov eK 15
OepdirovTos, os e/xe 7r/oo7re/x7ra>v ^co TroAews V-\eipi(T TO
apa MavSarTyg Te etV^ ?rats Kat Ka/z/3ucrew, Kat
14 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
'Acrrvdyi/s a'TeAAcTat aVo/cTeti/at avrov. NTJV re oS
. TA6 wife implores the herdsman to spare the child. At
her suggestion he exposes their own dead infant on the
mountains, and they bring up Cyrus as their son.
"A/xa Se ravra c'Aeyev 6 /3ovKo\.os /cat e/c/caAi'^as
*H 8e, (05 etSe TO TratStov /zeya re /cat
6V, 8aKpvva(ra /cat \a/3ofjivrj TWV yovaVtoi' TOI
, *XPlli ^Sa/xws CK-Oelvai avro. '0 Se ov/c e</)'^
5 oto? re etvat aAAa>5 avra Trotetv* 7rt<^otr^(retv ya/o
/cara(T/co7rovs e^ 'Apwdyov 7ro\f/ofi,vovs' aTroAetcr^at re
avros /ca*ct(TTa J lav /XT) ravra Trot^cr^. *I2s Se OTJ/C
apa TOJ/ avSpa, Sevrepa Acyet ^ ytv>) raSe*
roivvv ov SvvafjLat (re Trct^etv /z^ e/c^etvat, o/xws w^e (rv
jo TrotT/crov, et 8r^ Traora dvdyKrf ocfrOfjvai TO TratStov e/c/cet-
jjivov' TCTO/ca yap /cat eyw, TC^^/CC 8e TO ^pe^os* TOI^TO
//,ev (ftcpwv 7T/o6$es, TOV 8e T^S 'Aa'Tvayoi'5 Ovyarpos
?rat8a ws e^ T^/XWV 6'vTa Tp<f>u>fjLev. Kat OVTWS OI'TC o~v
dAaxret dStKwv TOVS Seo~7roTas, OIJTC ^//,tv /caKtus /3e/3ov-
15 Aev/xevov larat" 6 TC yap TC^VT^/CWS ^ao~tAeta5 Ta^s
Kvp'rjcrei, /cat 6 Trept-ajv ov/c aTT-oAet TT)^ \f/v)(riv."
Kdpra TC ISo^e TW /2ov/coAw ev Aeyetv ^ y v ^j ^ a ^
avTLKa eTTOtet Ta^Ta' 6^ /zei> ec^cpe ^avaTaxrwv ?rat8a,
TOUTOV /Aev TrapaStScoa't TT^ eai'TOv yvvat/ct* TOV
20 vtKpov 6Wa, Aa/5a>v WrfKtv ? TO ayyos V w
Tcpov' KoorfjLr)(ras 8e TO; /coo~/zw Tra^Tt TOV trepov 7rat8os,
<f>ep<j)V 5 TO ep^/xoTaTOV TW^ opwv riOrjcri.
*&$ 6c TptT?; rjfJLepa eyei/CTO, Ty'et es TroAtv 6 /2oi;/coAos,
CYRUS THE GREAT. 15
eA$o>v Se 5 TOV 'A/OTrayov, aTroBeiKVvvai etfrrj erofyxos
ea'at TOV TOV TrcuoYov VCKVV. Heyu^as Se 6 "ApTrayos 25
TCOV eavTov Sopv<f>6p(DV TOVS 7Tio~TOTaTovs, et8e re 8ta
TOVTCOV, Kal 00UJS TOV fioVKoXoV TO TTCUoYoV. ToV Se
Kvpov Trapa\a/3ov(ra Tp(f)ev r) yvvrj TOV
B. BOYHOOD OF CYRUS. How THE SECRET OF HIS
BIRTH WAS DISCOVERED.
1. Cyrus plays at being king over his companions.
Kat ore ^v Se/caerrys 6 TTCUS, Trpay/Jia rotovSc yevo/xevov
^<f>rjvv avTov. "ETratfe /Z,T' aAAcov fjXiKiav ev o8(^'
Kal ol Tra^Se? Trat^ovres efAoi/TO eavrtoi/ /3ao~i\a eTvat.
TOVTOV 8r) TOV TOV fioVKoXoV 67Tt/cA?^CrfcV TTCuSa. *O
TOV? /xev OLVTWV SiTaev otKtas oi/coSo/xetv, rovs 8e
oopvcfropovs ef^at, TOV Se TTOV Ttva a^Tcov " o</>$aA/>ioi>
tTvaij ws ZKOLCTTW fpyov 7rpoo~Tao-cra>v. Ef? 8?^
V TOtS oot?, O1JK e7TOt^O~ TO
e/c TOV Kvpov. 'E/<eAi'o-ev ovv TOVS aAAovs 10
StaAa/^etv avTov Tret^o/xevcov 8e TWV Trat'Swv, 6
TOT/ 7rou8a KapTa T/oa^cw? 7TpL-CT7r fjbacrTiywv' 6
Se, ?Tt Ta^tora ^O-ftOrj^ ws ye ST) ava^ta eavTOv TraOwv,
TL TrepLrjfJLeKTei' KaTeXOwv Se e TroAtv, TT/OOS TOI^
aTT-WKTtf'eTO. '0 S 'ApTe/x/5ap^s o/y^, ^ s *X V J T 5
rapa TOV 'Ao~Ti;ay^. /cat a^a ayo//,evos TOV ?rat8a,
dvdpa-ia 7r/oay/xaTa e^ TTCTrov^evat, Aeywv, uT I2
pao-iXev, V7TO TOV crov SovXov, /3ovKoXov Se 7rat8os, w8e
TOV TratSos rovs
16 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
2. Astyayes sends for Cyrus and, suspecting the truth, forces
the herdsman to confers.
'Atfoi'cras Se Kal t'6\ov 6 'Aarruay^s, e$eAa>v
TW TratSt Ttpjs TTJS 'ApT6jji/3dpovs ei'Ka,
TOV re /3ovKo\.ov KOL TOV TratSa. 'Evret Se Traprjcrav U/A</>O-
Tepoij /3\\{/a$ TT/DOS TOV Kvpov 6 'Acrr^ay^s e^' " 2v
5 8r/, wv TOtourov avSpos Trats, IroA/x^cra? TOV To{;8e TratSa,
OVTO? TTptoTOV Trap' jjiol, aiKia TotaSe TrepitTreiV , "
*O 8e fffJidfttTO (BSe* a/? 12 SecTTTOTa, eyw Ta-uTa TOUTOV
crw 5t/<^. Ot ya/o e/c TT^S KCO/ZT/? 7rat8es, wi/ Kai
at^oi'Tes eorT^cra^To e/^e /^amAea eavTwv
10 yap crc^i efvat es TO{^TO eTrtT^SetoTaTo?. Ot
aAAot TratSes TO, 7TiTacra-o//,eva 7r-TeAof
TC A<at Aoyoi/ ef^ev ovfteva' es o 4'Aa/^e T?)V
Et ovv 8^ TovSe ei/e/ca a^tos Ttvo? Ka/cov et/xt,
ooSe Tot Tra/oet/xt."
15 Taura AeyovTOs TOO; 7rat8os, TOV J Acrrvdyrj eo~-^et
ttvayvwo~t9 auTOv* Kat 6 re ^apaKrrjp TOV TrpoaruTrov
7rpoo~(f)po-6ai e? lav-ov, /cat ^ I'Tro/cptcrts IXcvr
efvaf 6 8c ^/odvos T?5 K^eo~ew5 T>y rjXiKia TOV
TratSo? e8o/<et o~i;/jt/?atvetv. 'E/c-TrAayets Se Toi;TOts, CTTI
20 xpdvov ac/)^oyyos o^v. Moy/s 8e 8^ TTOTC cxv-evex^ e ^
efTrev, e^eAcov e/cTre/z-i/'at TOI^ J ApTu/3dpr), iva TOV
/3ovKO\ov IJLOVOV Aa/?wv /3aaravLO-r)' " 'A/3T/z/3apes, eyw
Trot^cro), wo~T (re /cat TOV TratSa TOV crov fmrjoev
.' 7 Tov /zei/ Sx) 'ApT6u/3dpr) Tre/XTref TO^ 8e
2 5 Kiy)ov ^yov eo-w ot ^epa?ro^T9, /<eAeiJO~avT05 TOP
? Ao-Ti>ayoi;?. 'ETret Se iV-eAeAetTTTo 6 /3ovKo\os ^ovo?,
PERSIAN ARCHERS.
(Perrot and Ghipiez.J
CYRUS THE GREAT. 17
rdSe avrov rj/oero 6 'AcrTudyTys, oiroOev \d/3oi TOV TratSa,
/cat Tts ei?7 6 trapao'ovs , *O Se e eavTou re (77
yeyovevat, /cat T^V Te/coixrav airrov eVt etvat Trap' eaira).
J Ao-Ti>dyr;s Se ov/c e</)7/ avrov cv /3ov\evo-6ai, tTriOvpuv 30
? dvcxy/<a /zeyaAas d<piKVicrOai' apa re Aeywv ravra,
ecrrjfjiaive rot? 8opv<>6pois Aa^a^avetv avrov. e O 8e
ayo/xei/os Js ras arayicas, ovrw ST) <^atF TOV ovrct
Aoyov Kat Kar-epaivtv es Atras crvyyvw/x^v laurw
aijroF. 35
3. Astyages pardons the herdsman, and obtains a confession
from Harpayus, ivhom also he pretends to pardon.
e TOV /zev /3ovKO\.ov TTJV aXt^Odav e/c
vavros Aoyov TJSrj KOL eAacrcrw eTrotetro*
C 12s Se iraprjv 6 "Aptrayos, TJptro avrov 6
rtVt 5^ pop<p TOV TralSa /care- 5
eK Ovyarpos yeyovora r^5 e/xrjsj"
e Q Se "ApTrayos d>s e?Se TOV /3ovKo\ov ev8ov ovTa, OP
rp7TTai e?rt \f/v8rj 68ov, i'va /XT) eAey^
dAAa TOV ei;$t;v e^atve Aoyov. 7 Ao~Ti;ay^s Se,
TOV >(oAoV, TTjOWTOV JU.6V, KaOaTTp TJKOV(TV OLVTOS 7T/OOS TOV IO
/3ovKoXov TO 7r/oay/>ta, TraAtv d^yetro TW * Apirdyu)' fj,erd
8e KaT-/3aive Aeycov, ws, a 7repto~Tt TC 6 Trats, /<at TO
yeyovo? e^et KaAa>5. Tw Te yap 7re7rot?y/xVO) Is TOV
TraiSa TOVTOV e/ca/zvov /xeyaAcug, Kat Ovyarpl rrj cfJirj
ev eAa^pw kiroiov^v. e I2? ovv TT)S 15
rovro /xv, TOV
c
18 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
Trapa rov TratSa TOV ver)\v$a' TOVTO Se
(crwo-T/oa yap TOV TratSos //,eAAa> Oveiv rots #eots) irdpivOi
IJLOL 7rt SetTryov."
20 "A^Trayos /x,ev, ws vJKOvcre ravra, TrpcxrKVVTJo'as /cat
fjieydXa 7rot^o-a/xevos ort T 07 a/xapra ot es Seov eye-
yoi/etv ^et Is ra ot/<ta. 'E(reX^a>v Se T^V Ta^/crr^v, ror
TratSa rov fj.ovoyevrj err) rpia /cat Se/ca yeyovora, 6K7re//,7ret,
tevat re AceAeiJCDV 6? 'Acrrvayoug, Kat Trotetv 6 rt av e/cetvos
25 KeXevrj' AUTOS Se Trepi^ap^ wv c^pafet r?y ywaiKt rot
4. Abominable punishment inflicted upon ffarpagus.
Se, w? cx^t/cero 6 '^ApTrdyov TTGUS,
Kat Kara jmeXrj SteAwv, ra /xev wTrTTycre, TO, 8
rcov Kptwv. 'Evret Se Q^ wpa eytyvero TOV
TraptriOeTO ravra rw 'ApTraya), TrA^v KecftdXiqs Kal
5 /cat TroSwi/' ravra 8e x w /ns exetro 7rt Kai/tu Kara
fjLva. e 12s 8e 6 "Apjrayos eSo/<i aAts e^eti' T
'A(TTvdyr]S vjpero avrbv et rjcrOeir] TL rrj Ooivrj'
8e *A/37rayov /<at Kapra r)(rOr)vai, Trapefapov rives rr)v
K6(f>dXrjv rov TratSos KaraKeKaAtyz/zeV^v /cat ras
10 /cat TOIJS TToSas. "ApTrayov Se e/ceAevov
re /cat Xafieiv o flovXerai OLVTMV. Ilet^o-
6 "A^OTrayos /cat a7ro/caAi;7rrwv, opa rov ?rat8os
ra Aet/^/xara' tSwv Se oiVe e^-eTrAayr;, eVros re eai'rov
ytyverat. "H/oero Se ai'rov 6 'AcrTi^ayr/s et' ytyvakr/cot
IS ovrtvos Orjpiov Kpea /2e/3/ow/coi. C 8e /cat ytyi/wcr/cetv
e</)77, /cat dp(TTov tirj TTUV o ai/ /^acrtAevs ^/o^. Tovrots
CYRUS THE GREAT. 19
8e d/JLt\f;dfjivos /cat dvaAa/3u)V TOL Xotira TWV /cpcwv, fjei
es TO, ot/a'a. 'EvTev^ev 8e e/zeAAe, ws ya> 8o/cw, aAto~as
* 5. T^e Jl/a0ri decide that Astyages need have no more fear of
Cyrus; so the boy is sent home safely to his parents in
Persia.
//,ev 'Ao-Tvayrys 8t/c?7v Tavrrjv 7r-e0rjK' Kvpov
WV otyWI/ O TO
6VV7TVLOV
6 'Acrrvayrys oTTTy eKpivav rrjv 6\f>w ol 8e ravra
Acyovres ws X/^ v ^ v /^o"tAei;o-at rov TratSa, et eTre^cre 5
KCU ^ aTre^ave irportpov. C Se ^/xet^ero avroi's rot(r8e*
u>/ E(7Tt T o Trats, /cat Trepteo'Tf /cat Statrayzevoj/ avrov
e?r' ay/)ov ot e/c T^S /cw/zrys TratSes ecrr^cravro /^aa-tAca.
'O 8e Travra, 6'cra Trep ot dA^^tvot /^ao-tAets, ereActwo-e
7rot^o-a5* /cat ya/) Sopvcfropovs, /cat Ovpwpovs Kal dyye- 10
Ata<o/oot>s /cat ra AotTra Travra t)(. Kat vvv es rt v/Atv
ra^ra ^atverat ^epetv ^ "
ot Mayof " Et /xev Treptecrrt re, /cat e/3ao-t
6 ?rats ft^ e/c Trpovot'as rti/os, Odp(rL re TOVTOV
eve/ca, /cat OVJJLOV c^e dyaOov ov yap ert TO Seirre/oov 15
TOV Kvpov eAeyet' ot TaoV' a ^I2 ?rat, cyw o~e 6Y
oveipov ov TeAetav ^St/covi', TT/ 8e
vvv ovv Wi \aipwv Is Ile/xras, TrofJLirovs 8' eya> a/m TTC/X^W. 20
8' e/cet, warepa T /cat jJDjrcpa e{y)?yo~ets, ov /caTa
TC TOV fiovKoXov /cat T))v yvvat/ca
20 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
Taimx. etTTtbv 6 7 A(TTvay^5, aVoTre/ZTret TOV Kvpov.
No(TT^(rai/Ta 8e avrov es TO, TOV Ka//,/3ixrea> OLKLOL eSe^
25 ot TC/COVTCS, /cat Se^a/xevot /AeyaAoos ?7o
C. THE MANHOOD OF CYRUS.
1. ^ the instigation of ffarpagus, Cyrus induces the
Persians to revolt by a practical demonstration of the
advantages they would enjoy as the dominant race.
), /cat t
TO) /cat 7rpo(T(f)i\O'TdTu> TT/oocre/cetTO 6 "ApTTayos, 8o}pa
TTC/XTTO)!/, TtVaor#at J Ao-rvay>y 7ri@vfjuov. Upb & ert
TO/;TOV 6 "A/o7rayos, OVTOS TOV 'Ao-ruayovs -rriKpov es
TOVS M^Sovs, (rv/x/xtcrycov evt Ka(rra) TWV Tr/awrwv
dv-eireiOtv W5 X/OT) Kvpov Tr^o-crrr/ora/iei/ovs TOV '
Traixrat TS a
orw
ai/aTretcret cTTacrai. povriv e e/3to-/cet
U ; af Ypd\//a$ cs /3i/3X,iov a eySovAeTo, dAtav
rot7^o~aTO' /ACTO, Se ai/aTTTi'^as TO
Kat eTrtAeyo/Acvos, </>T/ 'Ao-rvdyrj eavrov
Ile/ocrwv aTroSet/cvvvat. u Nvv TC," 4'c/)7y Aeycov, " <
IIe/30-at, 7rpo-ayopV(t) VJJLIV Tra/oetvat
15 SptTravov" Kvpos fJ&v ravra Trpoyyopewev. *1
Traprjcrav aTravTes, tvravfla Kvpos ^wpov Ttva a/c
TrpoeLTrev avTois erjfjLp(o(rai kv rjfjiepa. 'ETTt-Te
8e TWV IIepo~c3v TOV Trpo/cet'/uvov a^Aov, TrpoetTrcv avT
es T^)v ixrrtpaiav Trapetvat
CYRUS THE GREAT. 21
'Ev Se Toirrw ra re atTroAta KG! ras Trot/zvas /cat ra 20
a Trdvra TOV Trar/Dos o~i;vaAto~as es rauro 6
Wv. Kal 7rap(TKva^V u>s Se^o/zevos TOV Ttov
arrparov. 'A^>tKo/xvovs 8c r>/ v&Tepaiy TOVS
Kara^Afcva? 5 Act/xwva evw^efc. 'ETret 8e CITTO
rj(rav, tfpTO cr<as 6 Kvpos Trorepov a rr/ 25
Trporepaia cf^ov, r) ra irapovTa CLTJ avrots ai
01 8e (f>acrav TTO\V efvat TO /zo~ov, T^V /xei/ y
TrdvTa o~(/)t /ca/ca c^etv, TT)I/ Se TOTC irapovcrav
dyaOd.
a/^wv 8e TOVTO TO eVos 6 Kvpos Trap-tyvfjLVov TOV 3
Aoyov, Aeycov "AvSpes Hepa-at, OVTWS v/zti/
f /3oV\OfJLVOl$ fJiV VfMV fJiol TTtiOe&Oai O~Tl TCt8e T
aAAa pvpia dyaOa, ov&va TTOVOV SovXoTrptTrr) C
//,Ot 7TtO~at tO~tV V//,tV TTOVOt TO)
i dvapiOfjLrjroi. N{v oi)v e/zot ireiOo- 35
ytyvecr^c lAcv^E/oot, a</>io-Ta^vot a?r'
2. Revolt of the Persians, ending in the accession of Cyrus
to the throne.
TLepcrcu jJiV vvv, Trpovrdrov eTrtAa^o/zcvot,
/cat TraAat Seivov TTOLOV^VOL VTTO
ayycAov KaAet avTov. '0 5e
TOV ayyeAov aTrayyeAAetv 6Vt Trporepov ??o6 Tra/3 5 5
6/cetvov ?} 'Ao~Tvay^s avTos /3ov\r)<reTai. 'A/cova'a? 8e
Tairra 6 'A(TTvayr/5 Mr;8ovs TC wTrAicre TravTas /cat
22 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
v, wcret 0O/3Xa/3r)<$ wi/, "A/>7rayoi/ ctTre- t
Setter. e f2s 8' ot M?]6\)t o-rparewd/xevot rots Ilepo-ats
io <TVV6fJLio"yoV) ot /xey avrcov e/zd^ovro, oo~ot /zry rov Aoyov
fJiT(r\oVj ot oe 7]VTOfj,6X.ovv TTpbs Tovs Ilepcras, ot 8e
TrAetcrrot rjOeXoKOLKovv re Kat ec^evyov. AtaAv^evros
TOU M^St/coi; err par ev paras atcr^pw?, a>s ra^tcrra
tTrvOero 6 'Acrrvay^s, '<?; aTretAwv TW Kt'pw* " 'AAA J
15 ov8' w? 6 Kvpos ye \aiprjcrei." Too-avra etVcov TT/OWTOV
/*ev di/-O"^oAo7rto- ro^s TOJV //-dtywv OFet/aoTroAofs, ot
av-eyvwcrav ai'rov /ze$etvat rov Ki;/oo^. Mera 8e w7rAto~e
TOVS VTTO\i(f)0VTa<S TCOV M^8(OV V TO) ttCTTet, V60VS T Kttt
7rp(T/3vTa<s ai'Spas. 'E^ayaywv Se TOTJTOU?, Kat o"v/x-
20 /8aAa>v rots Il6/)o"ats ) rjo-crrjOy Kal avros re 'Ao~rvayr/s
'Ao-ri;ay7/ Se 6 Kvpos, KCLKQV ovSev aAAo TrotTycras,
' cavrw es o T\vrr)O'v.
OUTW 8^ Kvpos yei/o/xevos re Kat rpa^ets e
IX. SOLON AND CROESUS.
(a) Solon, the Athenian statesman and philosopher, visits
Croesus, the rich king of Lydia, and admonishes him
on the instability of fortune.
s 6 SdAwv <? Sa^Sts d^t/cero Trapa Kpotcrov.
Se e^evt^ero IF rot? /?ao~tAetot5 I'TTO rov
Kpotcroi'* />tra 8e, rjfjLtpa TPLTYJ ry rerdpry, Ke
Kpoicrov, TOV SoAwva OepaTrovres Trept-^yov Kara
Farnell's Herodotus Face page 22.
Cyrus the Great, divinized. Persian Relief. Dieulafoy. L'Art Antique
de la Perse. (P. 11.)
Arion on a Dolphin. Coin of
Methymna in Lesbos. (P. 22.)
Gold coin, probably issued by
Croesus. (P, 22.)
Phoenician Ship (5th Cent. B.C.) Coin of Sidon. (P. 22.)
Farneli's Herodotus Face page 23.
SOLON AND CROESUS. 23
6rj(ravpov5, Kal eTreSeiKVvcrav Trdvra ovra /zeyaAa re Kal 5
6'A/3ta. Oeao"a/x,ei/ov 8e avrov Trdvra rjpeTO 6 Kpowros
Ta6V " /57eVe 'A^i/ate, Trap' ^/zas Trept o"ov Aoyos
TroAvs, Kat o~0(tas eveKa TTJS cr>)s, /cat
ovv fjiepos eTTTe /ze eTrepwrav et rtva r
s dA/^twrarov." *0 /xev eATTtfwv efvat CXV^WTTCOV 10
aAAa r<J 6Vr
TeAAov 'A^Tyvatov. 'ATro^ai'/xacras Se Kpotcros TO
7rt(rT/9<cos' IIcos 5>) Kpiveis TeAAov emu
/ e Q 8e e?7Tc* u TeAAa) TOVTO yotei/ TratSes 15
Tycrai/ /caAot re Kaya^ot, Kat et'Sev aTracrtv avrots re/cva
eKyevo/zeva, Kat Travra 7rayoa/x,tvavra* rovro Se reAevr?)
TOV yStov Aa/xTT/ooTar^ eTT-eyevero' yFO/xevrys ya/o 'A6r)-
vaioi(Ti jubd^s ?r/)o5 Toi;s acrrvyetrovas ev 'EAewtvt,
/3o7]0rjcro^ Kat r/oo7T?)i/ Trot^o-a? rwr TroAepwv, direOavt 20
KaAAtcrra. Kat 'A^vatot 8?y//,ocrta re eOaif/av avrov
eVecre, Kat eTt/x^crav yueyaAws."
(6) Story of Cleobis and Biton, The Godtf best reward.
'I2s 8e ra Kara TOV TeAAov St^y/ycraTO 6 2oAa>v,
6 Kpotcros rti/a Sevrepov /xer' KtFov t'8ot, SOKWV
Seurepeta yovv otcreo-^at. '0 Sf etrre' " KAeo/^tv re
Kat Btrwva' TOi;rot9 yap, oro~t yevo? 'Apyetots, /?to? re
dpKwi^ V7r-7jv, Kat Trpos TO^TO). pwyu-ry o~a>//.aTOS rotaoV
d6\o(f)6poi re d[jb<>orepot, 6/xoto>5 7yo~ai/, Kat 8?) Kat AeyeTat
oSc 6 Aoyo? ' Oiknys eoprfjs rfj "Hpa eSet Travrws T?)V
ai'rwv ^evyet Ko/ztcr Bfjvat, e TO tepov ot 8e ^8ovs
24 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
e/c rov dypov ov Trap-tyiyvovro Iv topa. Ot 8e veavtat,
10 V7ro8vvTS avrol VTTo TTjV fcvy Xrjv, eA/cov ri]V
7Tt 8e rfjs a/za?7S io^eiTO rj fJLrjTrjp. 2ra8toi;s Se
/cat T(T(rapaKOVTa StaK-o/xtcravTes at^tKovro es TO
TOfura 8e 7TOLij(rao"LV avrots KCU o^^ewrt VTTO T^5
yvpews T6\VTrj rov /3tov dpio-rrj eTT-eyevero * St-eSet^e
6 ^60S O) OLfJLtiVOV L7J dvOpWTTW TtOvd
/Jv. 'Apyeioi /xev ya^o Trept-crroLvres efJiaKOLpi
TWV veavtwv ri)v /owyu/^v, at Se 'Apyetat T^V [JirjTepa avr
ot'wv TKVcov eKipr/cre' -^ 8e /AI/JTTJP TrepL^apr^s ov(ra TW re
/oycp /<at T>y ^JJLTJ^ (rracra avrtov TOT; ayaX/xaros lyu^cro
20 T^V ^eov Sowat KAeo^t re Kat Btrwvt o dv6pW7ru> rvyjdv
api&TOV l(TTi. Mera Sc Tavrrjv rrjv ev^?)v, ws cOvvdv
re /<at ei'w^^Tycrav, Kara KOL^TI Sevres ev avrw TW te/xo ot
veavtat, OVKTL dveo-rrjcrav, aAA,' ev reAet TOVTCO ecr^ovro.
'Apyeuoi 8e et/covas avrwi/ Trot^cra/xevot, av$(rav es
25 AeA^ovs, d)9 ai/Spwi/ dptcrrtov yevo/xei/wv."
(c) Warning to Croesus, which he takes amiss.
17
rjfjLerepa evSaijULOVLa OVTW rot aTre/^otTrrat e? TO /x^/S
wcrre o^Se tStwrwv avSpwv d^iovs rjfjia.s eTro/^cras ; " *O
5 etrrev* " ? 12 Kpotcre, 7rto~ra/xevoi/ /ze TO $etov Trai'
T Kttt Ta/oaxwSes ov eTre/^WTa? av^/oowretcov
? E/^ot 8c o~v feat TrAoirretv /xer /xeya (^atvet, /cat /3ao~tAer>s
- \A(ov etVat av^pWTrcov' evSatyaova 8e OVTTW o*e ey^o Aeytu,
Farnell's Herodotus Face page 25.
Croesus on his Pyre. Vase in the Louvre.
Mon. d. Inst., I., PI. 54. (P. 25.)
SOLON AND CROESUS. 25
irpiv dV TeAeim^cravTa ere /caAws TOV attova irvOtofuii.
w/coTretv Se x/V Trarros xprjiJiaTOS r^v T\vrr]V TTTJ 10
a7ro-/3r/o-Tar TroAAots yap S?) i>7roSetas oX/3ov 6 Oeos
7rpoppiov<$ oVeTpei/'e." Tairra Aeyjjv TO> K/ootVa), ou
TTWS l^apL^ero o 2oAwv Aoyov 8e avroi/
ovSevos aTTOTre/xTrerat o Kpotcros, Kapra 8o^a? dfjLaOrj
os ra Trapovra dyaBa /xe^ets T^V TeAeur^v Trai'TOS X/ 07 ?"
opav e/ceAcfe.
Subsequent misfortunes of Croesus, who at length,
acknowledges the wisdom of Solon's words.
Mera S
jjieydXrj Kpotarov* d>s etKaVat, ort evo/xtcrev eavrov etvat
dvOpioTrwv aTravrwF oA/^twraror. Ot yap IIep(rat ras re
2ap8ts efAov, /cat airrov Kpotcrov tfayprjo-av, ap^avra
CTT] Tear&apaKaio'eKa' Aa/^ovres 8e avror rjyayov Trapa 5
Kvpov. 'O 8e o-wy^cras Trvpav /xeyaA^v ave^t/^acrev ITT'
avTYjV TOV Kpoto~ov re ev 7re8ats 8e8eyw,evoj/, /cat Sts eTrra,
AvSwv Trap' avrov TratSas. Ta> Se Kjootcrw, l(TT(OTt evrt
TT}S ?n;pas, cr>}A^e, /cat Trep eV /ca/ca> ovrt Toa^ovTO), TO
TOV EoAwvos, ws etT/ o~^v $ea> etp^/xevov, TO * M^Seva efvat 10
TWV fwvTwv oX/3iov.' ' A v-evey /ca^evos 8e /cat avao-Tei/a^as
/c TroXXrjs ^itrv)(tas S Tpts covo/>iao" DdAwva* /cat 6
Kvpo? a/co7;o~as e/ceAeixre T0^9 ep/z^veas eTT-epeo-^at TOf
Kpotcrov Ttva 7Tt/caAotTO' /cat ot TrpocreA^ovTes 7rrjpco-
TWV. Kpotcros Se Tews />tev o-ty>)v e^^^ epWTW/zevos* 15
5 e'A$ot TTOTC 6 2oAwv, wv 'A^vatos, /cat
TravTa TOV eavTOV oXffov a7roc/)Aavpto-ete* /cat
26 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
TTOLVTOL laVTO) oVo/^C/^/COt f/TTCp /CtVoS t7TV, OV&V Tt
[jLaXXov es eavTov Aeytov ?} es aVai/ TO aV$po)7rtvov /cat
20 ju-aAtcrra TOVS Trap' eairrots oA/2tovs So/coiWas etVat.
(e) Cfyrws relents, and, with the assistance of Apollo, Croems
is saved from the flames.
e O /Aev Kpotcros
fjfjifjievrjs eKotero rot 7rpLo-\^aTa. Kat 6 Ku/oos, aKotxr
Trapa rcoi/ ep^vewv a K/ootcros etTre, /zera-yvovs re /cat
cvvo>](ras cm /cat ai'rog dv^/ocoTro? COP' dAAov av0p(*)7rov,
5 yevo/>ivo^lavTo{) evSat/xovta OTJK eAaTTto, fwvra Trupt 8t8oiry,
/ceAei> (T/BevvvvaL TT)V raxi(TTY]V TO /cao/zevov TTV/), /cat
Kara/3 1 /Bdfav Kpotcrov Te /cat TOI)S /xeTa Kpotorov. Kat
ot Tretpw/zevot o*u/c e8vvavTO 4Vt TOV trvpos eTrt/cpar/Jcrat.
'EvTaO^a Kpoto-05, /xa^wv T^ Ki;/oov /zeTayvtocrti/, 7re-
10 /BoijcraTO rov 'ATroAAtova cTrt/caAoi^e^os TrapacrTrjvai /cat
pvcravOai avrbv e/c TOU TrapovTO? /ca/cov. *0 /xev Sa/c/ovwi/
7T/CaAtTO TOV t9eOV /C 8c al0pia<$ TC Kttt V7)VfMaS
/cat et/,wv T KaT'ppayrj /cat
TC
X. EEVERENCE FOR SUPPLIANTS ENFORCED BY
THE ORACLE.
6 Se Mafaprys 7T/z7rev s Tr)v TJ/ZT^V yye-
6/c8t6ovat /ceAevioy na/cTv^v. Ot 8e
Farnell's Herodotus Face page 27.
Copy of the Apollo of Branchidae. Bronze in the Louvre. (P 27. )
REVERENCE FOR SUPPLIANTS. 27
o-vfJL/3ov\fjs Trepi es Oeov rov ev Bpay^t8at
dvacfrepeiv. jjv yap avroOi ^tavretov IK TraXaiov iSpv/^evov, 5
(o "looses re TravTes Kal AioAefc elwOecrav ^prjcrOai.
TlefJLifsavTts ovv ol Kiyzaiot OeoTTpotrovs rjpwrow " OTrotov
rt Tre/ot IlaKTi^v TrotoiWes
Se cr^)t ravra
rot? Ile^o-at?. 10
TavTca Se to? rJKOvaav ot Kvjiccuot wpfjLwvTO e/cotoovat*
T TO) XP 1 !* 7 ^?) Ka ^ L ^ OK ^ V TOV? OtOTTpOTTOVS OV
Aeyetv aA^^cos' es o, TO SeTJTe/oov Tre/ot Haicrvoii eTre/o^cro- 15
jutevot, ycrav aAAot OeoirpoiroL wv Kat 'AyotcrroSt/co? -^v.
8e auTwi/ es B/oay^tSa?, e
Trap' o^/za? t/cerry? IIaKT7;^s 6 AfSog, <ei;ya>v
,8/ato^ 7T/005 IlepcrcoV ot 8e /xtv l^atro
Kv/zatovs KeAevovTe?. e H//,t5 Se, Set
oF SvvafjiLV, rov t/cerr/i/ Is ro5e OTJ
, ?rptv av TO (XTTO crou ^tv S^
oTrorepa Trotw/xev."
'0 //-ev Ta{;Ta eTT^/ocoTa* 6 Se ^eos avOis TOV avrov 25
X/)ryo-/xoT/ <l>aiv 9 KeXevwv KtSoVat IlaKT-u^v Tots ITepo-ats.
IIpos ravra 6 'A/oto~ToStKos e/c 7r/oovotas 7rott TaSe*
Trept-ttov TOV vewv K^/cAto e^-rjpei TOVS orrpovOovs, Kal
aAAa oo-a ^v veveocro-ev/xeva opviOuv yevrf eV TW vew.
IIotoOvTos Se avTov Ta^Ta, <j6wv^ e/c TOV aSi'TOi; eyeveTO 3
Aeyoj'o~a TaoV '* 'Avoo-tWTaTe av^pWTrcov, Tt TaSe
D
28 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
Trotetv; rovs tKeYa<? fjiov K rov vea> Kepaifeis ; " 'A/otcr-
ToSt/cos Se OTJ/C aTrop^cra? Trpos TaOra efTrev* "^I2va, airros
/xv OVTW rots t/ceVats /2o?7$ets, K^atovs Sc KeAeuets roi/
35 iKtTrjv /<8tSdvat." '0 8e ^eos avOus ^^ii^aro rot(r8e'
" Nat /ceAeiJO), tVa ye acre^^cravTes Oacrvov a7roA^(r^e'
0>S W? TO AotTTOV 7T/)t fc/CTtOV /<8oO-ea)S eA^?T6 7Tt TO
XI. A. FIRST CAPTURE OF BABYLON.
Cyrus, during the Feast of Belshazzar, captures Babylon by
draining off the Euphrates into a disused lake which had
been excavated above the city by Queen Nitocris.
e Q Kvpos r/Aawev eVt TTJV Ba/3vAajva' ot Se
K-o-rparV(rdfjLvoL Cftevov avrov. '
eAauvwv ay^ov T^S TroAews, o~v^-/5aAdv T ot
feat r)crcrr]0VTS rrj /xa^^ KaT-eiXrjOrjcrav e? TO ao~T7', 17
5 ef^ov criTia ITWV Kapra vroAAwv.
ouTOt yu,v Adyo^ c^ov TT}? iroXiopKias
Se aTTOptat? V-t^eTo. TeAo? ^e eVo/et
Ta^a9 Ti^V (TTpaTiav TI 6 TTorajLuos e? T^V TrdAtv eo-/?aAAet,
/cat avOis O7ricr0 rfjs TrdAeco? rd^as trepovs, rj e^teto~tv efc
10 T^S TroAews o TTOTa/xds, TrpoeLTre T(o (TTpaTw, 6Vai' 8ta/:?aTov
TO peWpov i8(i)on yevo/xevov, ecnevai ravryj e? T?)V TrdAtF.
aas KCU
ovcrav e'Aos. TOV TTOTa/xbv $iwpv)(i ecrayaywv, TO dp
FIRST CAPTURE OF BABYLON. 29
peWpov 8ia/3aTov efvai eTroiTyo-cv, vTrovocrTrjo'aLVTOS TOV 15
Trora/zov. revo/zeVou 8e TOVTOV TOLOVTOV, ol Tlepvai 01
Trep TTayjJLVoi ^o~av ex avrw TOUT to, VTTO-VCVOVTY) KOTOS
TOV }v<f)pdTOV TTOTOL^OV dvBpl cos 9 /xeo-ov [JLrjpbv //,aAto~Ta,
AcaTa TO peWpov ecr-y&av eg T?)^ Ba^vAwva.
Et //,ei/ vi^v irpo-tTTvOovTO r) e/xa^ov ot Baj8vXwvtot TO 20
K TOV Kvpou Trotov/xevov, Tre^d'SovTes TOI;S Ile/xros
ecreXOeiv es TV)V TroAtv SiecfrOeipav av KaKurra' Kara-
-yap Tracras Tots irvXiSas Tas I? TOV TrorafJLOv
ras, /cat airrot 7rt Tas at/xao't'as ava^SavTes Tas Trapa
ra TOV TTorajJiov X 66 '^- 7 ? eA^XajLteras, 4'Aa^ov dV aiJToi;s d>s 25
ev Kvpry. Nvv #6 e^ a7rpoo"8oK?jToi' o~^>t 7rap-eo~T^o"av ot
Ile/oo-at. 'Yvro 8e peyeOovs TT)S TroAews, TWV Tre/ot Ta
oAews eaAw/coTWi/, ot TO /
OVK epdvOavov ravra^ aAAa (eT
eoprr)) tyoptvov re TOVTOV TOV \povov /cat Iv evTra&t'cus 30
7yo"ai/, es o Srj KOLL TO aA^^es ttrvOovTO.
B. SECOND CAPTURE OF BABYLON.
1. Serioiis revolt of the Babylonians from Darius.
?ret Se aTrecrTrjo-av eTrot^crav TOtovSe' Tas
J^eAovTes, yvvaiKa eKarrTOS ^ttav 7rpoo~e^-7ypetTO, ^v efiov-
ACTO, K TCOV eai'TOV OLKIW TO.S 8e AotTras aTracras
LTT-eTTVL^aV TVJV 8e yu-tav eKao-TO? o-tT07rotov 5
'A.TT7rviav Be OLVTOLS iva ////) o~<j6wv TOV
30 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
8e Tavra 6 Aapetos, KOI crvAAe^as
rrjv tavrov SvVa/xtv, tcrTpartvtTo CTT' avrous.
IO 8e 7Tt T?)v TToAtV, 7ToAtOp/Ct TOVS Ba/3vAomoVS (jlpOVTL-
7r/oo//,a^(wva9 rot) ret^ovs /caTwp^ovi/TO /cat
Aapetov /cat r*)v crrpariav avrov. Kat rts avrcov
TOVTO TO 7TOS* u Tt KaOfj&Ot evTav^a, (5 Ilepcrat,
15 dAA' ov/c aTraAAdcrcrecr^e ; rore yap alprjcrere ^/
re/cwcrt." Tovro efTre Ba/^vAwvtwv rts oi'S
d]/ rjfJLlOVOV TKIV.
'ETTTO- 6e yu-^vtov /cat evtavroT? Si-eXrjXvOoros "^Sry, 6
Aapeto? re rjcr^aAAe /cat ^ crrpartd TraVa, ov 8vvarr) ovcra
20 cAeti/ rovs Ba/^i^Atovtovs. Kat rot Trdvra (rosier para /cat
//-7/^avas eTreTrotrJ/cetv es avroi;5 Aapeto?' dAA' ovS'
eSvvaro lAetv airraids, aAAoto"t re (ro^tV/xacrt 7retpa(rd-
S) /cat ST) /cat rovra) w Kvpos efAev a^roi;?. Aetvcos
yap Y)<rav \v ^>vAa/cats ot Ba/?vAcuvtot, ovSe creeds ofos r'
25 >Ji/ eAetv.
2. Zopyrus, encouraged by an omen, determines to deceive
the Babylonians by feigning desertion, after first mutilating
himself.
7 Evrai;$a et/cocrroj /zTyvt ZCOTTI^O) ra> Meya/^i^ov eyevero
repa? ro8e* TCOV crtrot^opwi/ ry/itovajv avrov /JLLO. TKV.
/cat I>TTO dyrto'Tta? avros 6
TO /?/0(^)O5, aTTetTTCOV TOt? l8oV(TL JJLrjStvl
5 (frpdfeiv TO yeyovos, /3ov\vero. Kai TT/OO? TO, TOV
etrat
Farnell's Herodotus Face page 30.
A. Palace and Gardens
B. "Palace of Belus"
C. Borsippa
Plan of
BABYLON
(after Baumstark.)
Walker & Cockerel! sc.
Plan of Babylon. (P. 30.)
SECOND CAPTURE OF BABYLON. 31
.(oi/' (TVV yap $ew eKcivoV re eiTretv evo/xtcre, Ka6 r^
OLVTOV TKaV.
'12$ 8e avru) eSoKet p.6p(rifJLOV eTvai yjSrj rrj Ba/3vA<3vt
aAto-Kecr$at, TrpocreA^wv Aapaw aTreTrvvOdvtTo et Trept 10
TToAAoi; Trotetrat rryi/ Ba^vAtova eAetv. Ilv^o/xevos Se ws
oV Tt/XWTO, /3oV\VTO OTTCO? ttLTOS T eWaf, 6 !Awi/
at eavrou TO e/ayov ecrrat. "AAAw? FV^ OVAC
Svvaros elvdi viro\ipiav avrrjv TroiTJvai, ti fJLrj
eavrov Aw^cra/xevos avTO//,oA^(refci/ Is aiJTOi^s. 'Evrav^a, 15
ev \a<f)pw 7rot^(ra//,i/o5, lavrov Aw/?ara6 Aco/^y dv>JK-
CTTOV aTTora/xwv yap eairrov T^I/ ptva /cat TO, wra, /cat
r^i/ KOJJL^V /caK'ws TreptKeipas, Kal /xacrrtywcras eavrov
Se Kapra fiapews r^veyKev t8wv avSpa SOKL^JHO- 20
raroi/ AeAw^^evov. " EK re rov Opovov av
dv-efiorjve re Kat rjperd yu,tv ocrrts et?/ 6
'0 8e etTrei/' " OVK ecrrtv OVTO? aV^p (ort ^ (TV) a> eo~Tfc
8i;i/a/zts TocravTr) e/mt Sr] (5Se 8ta^6J/af ov8e rts aAAor/otwv,
<5 /3acrL\ev, ra8e etpyacrrat, aAA' aiJTos eyw e//,ai;TOV, 25
Setvov rt 7rotoi;/zeFos 'Acrcruptovs Ilep
Ta) OVO/JLOL TO
KOVfjLVov<$ cravrov avr/Kecrrcos SiaOeivai. Tt 8e, (5 /xdrate,
AeA(o/?7]/x6Voi; o"oi; Oacrvov ol TroAe'/xtot Trapa-crTrjO'OVTai ; 30
IIw? OVK e-eTrAewras rcov ^>evwi/ (ravrov Sta-
Et //-ei^ TO6 vTrep-eOrjKa o~ot a r|//,eAAov
Se?' vvv 8e ITT' JJLOLVTOV
32 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
35 /^oAo/xeyos 7rpaa. "Hcfy ovv, eav ///>) TWI/
3. Zopyrus discloses the plan by which he hopes to
effect the capture of Babylon.
'Eya> /zei/ yap, ws e^co, avTO]mo\r]o-w Is TO ret^o? KGU
Trpos avTOi;s a> -UTTO O-QV Tack ttraOov' Kal SOKW,
aijrovg ravra e^etv oirroo, Tv^(rOai crrpartas
s ra^ov Kara rag 2e/xt-
aAAovs /zot ra^ov Sccr^tAtovs Kara
rvAas 1 yotera 5e ravra
t'/<ocrtv TjfJiepas, eTretra aAAovs /<a^tcrov, ayaywi/ Kara ras
XaASatwv KaXovutvas TrvAas, TeT/oa/ctcr^tAtoi's. 'E^ov-
10 TWV 8e /x^re ot Trporepot oVAa, /x^' ovrot, TrA^v
Mera 8e r?)v et/coo-r^v rj/mepav ev^ecos T7yv
(TTpariav KtXtvcrov 7fpi irpo<r /3d AAetv TT/)OS
Ilepcras Se //ot Ta^oi/ KaTa TC Tas B^At'Sag
Kal Ktcrcrta? TruAas. e (2s yap lyw SOKW, e/
15 //-eyaAa epya a7ro-8et^a/zevov, Ta TC aAAa eT
//,ot Ba/3i>At6vtot, Kat 8^ Kat TWV TrvAwi' Ta? ^
To 8e kvrevOev eaot T /<at Ilepcratg //.eA^cret a Set
4. 7V&e Babylonians receive Zopyrus, who pretends that he
will reveal to them all Darius' plans of attack. Elated by
his apparent successes over the Persian troops, they invest
him with the chief command, and he is thus enabled to
betray the gates to the Persians.
SECOND CAPTURE OF BABYLON. 33
ot Kara TOVTO reray^evot, Kar-erpe^ov Kara), /cat oAtyov
Tt TrapaK AtvavTes TT)I/ tTtpav irvXrjv T^/OWTWI/ Tt's re etVy
/cat orov Seo/zevos rj/cot j *O ^ avrots ^yopeucv ws etry TC 5
Kat aVTOfJ.oX.OL7J 5 ZK61VOVS. 'HyOV 8^ /XtV Ofc
TOLvra ws -^Kovcrav, ?rt rot Kotva ra TWV
a e7T7rov^etv v^>' eavrov, 7ra6f.lv 5e
rairra Stort crvyLt/^ovAevcretei/ avra) a7rav-t(TTavat r^y
(TTyoartav, 7Tt 8?) ovSets TTO^OOS ^atvotro TTJS dAoxrecus.
" Nui/ re," e<^7y Aeywv, " eya> {'/xtv, w B
jjLyio~Tov dyaOov, Aapetw 8e /cat r^ (rrpartct /cat
/xeytcrrov /ca/cov* ov yap 8^ e//,e ye wSe
/caraTT/oot^erat* eTrtVrajnat Se avrou Tracras ras Steo8ovs 15
TCOV /^ovAev/xarwv.''
Totavra 4'AeyeV ot 8e Ba/^vAcovtot opwvrcs avSpa
TOV kv Ilepcrats 8oKt/xwTarov /kvos re Kat wrwv IcrTtpr}-
//-evov, /xaort^t re /cat at/zart ava-7T(^i;/o/xvov, TTOLVV
Aeyetv avrov dX.rjOrj /cat TJKIV eavrots 20
V^ 7riTp7TO~OaL TOtyU,Ot T^CTaV TTCtVTa (OI/ eSctTO*
eSetro 8e crrpaTtas.
*0 8e eVet aiJTwv TOVTO TrapeAa/^ev, CTrotet a TTC/O Aapetw
e^ayayw^ yap T^ SeKarrj r^jLepa rrjv TWV
o~TpaTtav /cat /cv/cAaxra^evos TO^S ^tAtovs, 25
oi)s TrpojTOV? ev-TtAaTO Aapetw Ta^at, TOVTOVS /caT-
<f)6vvo-e. Ma6^ovTes 8e /xtv ot Ba/j^Awvtot 6/zota Tots
7ro~t TO, epya Trape^o/zei'ov, Travv Trept^apets OI/TCS, ?rav
8ry eVot/xot ^o~av VTrrjptTtiv. '0 8e StaAtTrcov ?)/Apas Tas
o"vy/cet/x,6vas, avOiS eTT-eAe^a/xevos Ttvas TWV Ba/^^Awnwi/ 3
34 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
e^yaye KOI /caTec^oVewre TWI> Aapetoi> crT/jaTtamov TOI>S
(W^At'ovs. 'I5oi/T5 Se /cat TOVTO TO epyov ot Ba/3i>
Awvto* Travres ZojTrupoy et^ov ev (rro//,acrt f
"0 Se avOis SiaAtTrcov ras (rvyKtifJievas rjfjiepa
35 S TO TrpO-eipyfJLtVOV, KOA, KVK /\CO(ja^erO Ka.T-<f>6vV(T TOT?
TTpaKLcr-^i\,Lov?. '!2s 5e /cat TOVTO KareipycuTTO, Trdvra
8rj rjv V Tots Ba/^AtoFans ZcoTr^yoo?, /cat err paraphs re
OVTOS /cat Ti\o<$>vXa; a7r-e5eSet/cTO.
TLpocr/3oX.r)V 6"e Aa/oetov /caTa TO, cr^y/cet/xeva TTOLOV^VOV
TO Tt^05, tVTOLvOa $YJ TTOLVTd TUV 86X.OV 6 Z(D7TVpOS
ti/ei/* ot /zev yap Ba/^Awytot aFa/^ai/Te? eVt TO
as T Kto~o~ta? /cat
s TO
45 TWF Se Ba/S^Awi/tcov, ot /zei/ etSov TO TroirjOev, OVTOL
es TOU Ato? TOV BryAov TO te/ooV ot 8e ov/c efSov, JJLVOV
tv rfj eavrov Ta^et e/cao-Tos, es o 87) Kat o^Tot
5. Punishment inflicted on the Babylonians, and
honours heaped upon Zopyrus.
Ba/2t> Aa>v /zev vw OVTW TO SeuTepov rjptOri. Aapetos
7ret e/cpaT^cre TCOV Ba^i;Awna>i/, TO /xev Tet^os Trept-et
/cat Tas Tri'Aas wdcras a7T-6o~7rao-e* (TO yap Trporepov e
wya 67rot?/o"e TO7;TWF oi'SeVepov).
T\ KOpv<f>aiov<s /xaAto~Ta es T/)to~^tAt
eo-/coAo7rto~, Tot? Se AotTTOts Ba/?vAwvtots aTT-e
THE TOMB OF NITOCRIS. 35
Zwirvpov 8e dyuSovpy'iav oi'Sets Ile/xrtoi' i
irapa Aayoetw Kpirrj OVT TO>V vcrrepov yei'o/zeVtoi/ OVTC rwv
TrporepoVj on //.?) Kvpos /zoVos* (TOVTCO yap ovSets 10
ITepcrcov T^twcre TTW eavrov (ru/z^aAeti/). IIoAAaKts 6e
Aapetoi/ Aeyerat yv^^v r^vSe a7ro8efc'ao"$ai, ws /3ov\oiro
av ZwTTVpov eTvai d-TraOrj T?Js at/cta? /zaAAov ^ Ba/?i;A(o^as
or! CLKOO-L irpos ry ovcry Trpoarytveo-Oai. 'Ertyu-Tycre Se avrov
yu,yaAws* /cac ya/o Sw^oa ot ava Trav ero? eStSof a nepo^at? 15
ecrrt rt/xtwrara, KCU TT)V Ba/^uAwra ot e8w/<eF areA^
Kat aAAa TroAAa
XII. A EEBUFF TO DARIUS FOR DISTURBING THE
TOMB OF NITOCRIS, QUEEN OF BABYLON.
NtTWKpts ^ r^g Ba/?vAwi/O5 /^acrtAeta aTrar
rtva e/xry^av'^craTO' VTre/o TCOF fJidXio'Ta Aecoc^o/owy
TOV acrrew? rac^oi/ tavrrj Kar-evKevdo-aTO yu,ereo)pov, eTrt-
TWF TT^Awi/' V-KO\(L\f/ 8e 6S TO I/ rd(f)OV
Aeyovra raSe* 5
a "Hv rts rwv Ijitov {5o~repov yiyvofj.ev^v
/?ao~tAewi/ (TTravicrr) ^p^arwv, avot^a? rov ra
O7roo~a fiovXerai x/ory/zara' ^ fteVTOi ye, /x^ o-TravtVas ye,
aAAw OLVoi^r)' ov yap a/zetvov."
6 ra^>o ?yv a^tV^ros, ^XP L ^ ^ 5 Aayoetov 10
v f) /3a<TL\ia,. Aa^oetw 8e /cat SetFor eSo/cet efvat
rats TruAats Tai'rats /z^Ser ^?Jo"^at, /cat ^/oryyuarwv
Kat airrwy rwi/ ^yo^/zarwv e7TtKaAo?;//,evwv, yu,^
36 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
ov \af3tiv avrd. (Tats Se Tn'Aats rai'rats ovSev e
rovde i/fca, OTL vwep Ke<aA?Js avrw eytyvero av 6 veKpos
Ste^eAawovrt.) 'Avotas Se TOV rdcfrov rjvpe ^/o^ara
/x-ev 01), TOV Se vtKpbv, KOL ypa/x/xara, Aeyoi/ra raSe* Et /x?)
re rjcrOa ^p^/xarwv, Kat at(r^(/oo/<ep8fys, OVK ai/
avewyeg.
XIII. THE BABYLONIAN WIFE-MARKET.
beautiful women are sold to the highest bidder ; the plain
or deformed are given to those who will accept the lowest
compensation for a poor match.
Kara KW/xas !/ca(rras aVa^ TOT; eVous eTrotetro
cos ai/ at irapO'tvoi ytyi/otvro ya/^coi/ wpatat, ravras OTTCOS
crwayayotev Tracras s ev ^w/otov ecr-7jyov d^poas* ?rept^ Se
avras ttrraro o/^tAos dvSpcov, Krjpv^ Se dv-to"Tas Kara />ttav
j Kacrrr]v eTrwAet TT/OWTOI/ /tev T>)V evetSeo-Tar^v eic
7Ttra 8^, O7TCDS ttVT^ VpOV(Ta TToX.V
dv-e/c^/oi'cr(rev r) /xer' e/cetv^v
"Ocrot /xe^ 87) evSat'/
e7rtya/AOt ? ovrot I'T
10 dAATyAovs e^wvovvro ras /caAAtoTevovo~as' ocrot Se rov
8rjfjiov eTTiyafJiOL rjvav, et'Soi^s \p7](TTOV ov Seoyuevot, XP 7 ?"
/zara re Kat alfr\iova^ irapOevovs eAa/x^avoi/. l ^s yap
&)) Ste^-eA^ot 6 K?]pv TTwAwv ras 6Vt8OTaTCtS TOJV
Trap^ei/wv, aVt'cmy av r^v d/xop(^ecrTaT>^ ?) e'/zTn/poV rtva,
115 Kat dvcKripvcrcrev' oVrts 8e e^eAot eAa^to-rov \pvviov
THE BABYLONIAN WIFE-MARKET. 37
\a/3tov vvvoiKtiv avrrj, roirrw Trpocr-eKetro rj
Kat OVTWS at evfjiopffxti rots dfJLop<f>ovs Kat e
Se TT)V eavrou Ovyarepa (5 rivt /3ov\OLTO
OTJK T}V. 20
XIV. Two STORIES OF THE ALCMAEONID FAMILY.
(a) How Alcmaeon, the founder of the family , was
enriched by Croesus.
Qi 'AA/c//,ata)V/8at rj&av /xev Kat TraAat XafJLTTpol Iv
rats 'A^vat?, CXTTO 8e 'AA/cpxtWos Acat avBis Meya/cAovs
eyevovro /cat Kapra Xa^LTrpoi. '0 yap 'AA/c^uatcuv
rrvfj,7rpa.KT(op eytyi/ero rots e/c 2apSea)i> Ai;8ots 7ra/oa
Kpotcrov a^tKi/oi'/vtej/ots, Kat a-vv-tXdfJb/Save TrpoOv/uuDS' /cat 5
K/ootcros TTvOo/JLevos Tavra /zeTaTre/zTrerat avroi/ is 2a/o8ets.
'A^)t/co/xevov 8e Swyoetrat ^pvcrut TOCTOVTM ocrov av Svv
ra> ea^rou crco/xart
/3aOvv KaraAtTTo/zevos TO(J ^trtovos, Kat KoOopvovs oi)s 10
yvpurKtv evpyrdrovs oVras V7ro8^cra//,evos, $t es TOV
Brjoravpov.
'EcTTrecrwv 8e es crw/oov ^^yjiiaros TT/OCOTOV yu,ev
Trapa ra Kv>y/zas 6'trov rov x/ vcro ^ ^X^P OVV ^
/xerci Se rov KoA?rov TrdVra TrATyo-a/xevo? TOV ^pvcrov, Kat 15
es ras rpi)(as rfjs K</>aA7]s StaTrcitcras TOI; ^y^taros, Kat
aAAo Xa/3u)V es TO crro/xa, f-?/et CK TOV Orjcravpov
38 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
fjiev /xoyts rovs KoOopvovs, Travrl Se TLVL CIKOJS /xaAAov 1}
dvOpwTrip-' TO re yap (rro/x,a e/3e/^i;<TTo KGU Trdvra l-
20 wy/cturo. 'ISoVra Se rov Kpoicrov yeAws ecn]A$e, Kal
ot Travra re e/cetva two't, Kat Trpocrert erepa
eAacrcra) e/cetvco^.
(b).ffow Megacles, son of Alcmaeon, ivas chosen by Cleixthenes,
tyrant of Sicyon, as the best match in all Greece for his
daughter.
KAet<T$evei rw 2iKva>i>ta> rvpavvw ytyverat Ovydrrjp, fj
rjv 'AyapiorTrj. Tavr^v ^eAryo'
t^evpwv rov apicrTOV, TOVTW yvvaiKa
ovi/ oVrco^ 6 KActcr^ev^?, vtKwi/ ev
5 reOpiTnro), KrjpvyiJLa TOVTO eTrotyycraro' " ocrrts 'EAA^vcov
tavrbv dioi KAetcr^evou? ya/x/^po? yevecr^at, ^KCTW es
a, tos KvpMcrovTos KAetcr^evovs ror ydfjiov eV
ocrot rwv 'EAA^vwv T^crai/ ea/i>TO?s re /cat
10 Trar/oa e^wy/cw/xevot 6(/>o/TO)V jjLvrjorrrjpes' e/c Se 'A^vwy
Meya/cA^? re 6 'AA/c^tatwvos, rov Trapd K/)otcroi/
Kat e l7T7roKAet87y5 Ttcraj/Spov TrAoimo /<at
efSet rcov aAAwv 'AfrqvaLtoV Trpoc^epojv. 'A(/>t/<o//vwi/ Se
TOVTWV 6 KAetcr^ev?;? Trpcorov /xei/ ras Trdrpas re aijrwi/
15 dv-e7n;^ero /cat yevo? eKaVroir ptera Se /care^wv evtavrov
8L-7reipdro avT&v T^ re dvSpayaOias Kal rfjs opyrjs Kal
re KCU rpoirov' Kal dua e^evifa avrovs
Kat 3^ TTOI> fJidXtcrra TMV pvricrTrjpwv rjpe&KOVTO 01
20 a?r
Farnell's Herodotus Face page 39.
Fancy Dancing.
Vomptes Rendus de la Commission Arch, de St. Petersburg, 1881. (P. 39.
Flute Playing.
Comptes Rendus de la Commission Arch, de St. Petersburg, 1881. (P. 39.)
THE ALCMAEONID FAMILY. 39
6 Tio-dvSpov. e !2 oe rj Kvpia ry/xepa lyiyvTO TT}? /cara-
KAicrea)? TOU ydjjiov, Ovcras /3ovs e/carov 6 KAeto-^ev^s
ei'w^et auTous re roi)s fJLvrjcrTrjpas Kal ^iKvtaviovs Trcxvra?.
'fis Se eoWTTV^crav, ot fjivrjo-rrj pes eptv er^oi/ a/x^)t jJLOvo-iKrj'
e T>Js TTOCTCW? 6 e l7T7ro/<Aet8^s, ?roAv Kare^wv 25
aAAovs, e/ceAepcre TOT/ avA^rryi/ a7jA?J(rafc
Kat TTCOS eai^TO) ju,sv a/jecrrtos wyo^etro* 6
wv oAov TO 7rpay/za vTTWTrrtve. MeTa Se 6 e l
Ttva^Tpai7reav lo--eveyKeti/, IcreXOovv-rjs 8e T^S 30
TTpWTOV fJLCV 7r' ttVT^? (Jt)p\^(7aTO AaKtDVlKOL Kal
o-^^aTta, eVetTa 8e T^V Ke^aA^i/ peto~as tTTt
TT)I/ TyodtTrefai/ Toicrt crKeAeo-tv e^LpovojULrjcre. KA
Se TO ^tei/ TrpWTOV op^ov/jievov avroVj airoa-Tvywv
av yevevOo.i eavraj 'ITTTTOK \et8rj 8ta T?yv TC op\r^riv KOL 35
T?)V avatSetav, KaTet^eF ea^Tov, ov /3ov\6fjivos CKpayrjvai
OVKTL
ye //-^v TOV ya/xov." e O 6e
etrrev ' " Ov (fipovrls e l7r7ro/cAet8^." 40
The final choice falls upon Megacles, the other suitors
being courteously dismissed
TratSo? TT)S e/z^s /xvTyo-T^pes, eyw /cat
eVati/tu, Acat TTOLO-LV vp.lv, .1 olov TC eT^,
av, ^Te eVa VJJLWV e^aipeTov airoKpivw, /JirjTe
VS XoiTTOVs aTToSo/ct/za^cov. 'AAA', ov ya/o ofos T' et//,t 45
40 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
fjbLas irepl irapOevov fiovXevwv TraVt Kara vovv Trotetv,
Tots p,v V/JLWV (XTreAawo/uvots rovSe rov ydpov rdXavrov
dpyvpiov e/<ao~Ta) Scopeav oY8u>p,t, ro> Se Meya/cAet TU>
'AA/</a,atcoFos eyyvto TratSa r^
XY. EXPLORATION OF CENTRAL AND
SOUTHERN AFRICA.
A. THE PIGMIES.
/zev Teo-cra/owv //-^vwv TrAou /cat 68ou ytyi/to-
6 NetAos, 7rdpe TOV ev AtyvTrrco pev paras. 'Pel
8' a<' ecrTrepa? re Kat rjXiov SvcrfJitov. To 8' OTTO
ovSets e^et cra^ws <f>pa<rai' eprjfjios yap ecrrtv 9y
5 a$T?7 I'TTO KOLVfJLOLTOS. 'AAAa TttSe //,!/ TJKOVCTa d
Ki>p^i/aia)v <a/^Fa>v eA^etv re 7rt TO
(TTrjptov Kal dffriKeorOai es Aoyov? ^Ereapx
/3ao~iAer /cat TTW? IK Aoycov aAAwv d^iKOvro Is
?rept TOV NctAoi;, a>s ovSets o?e Tas Tr^yas avTou. '0 5e
i7 iXOtiv TTOTC Trap' eairroy Nacra/xwi/as
, ot, epioTWjjLevoi et' Tt e^ovcrt TrAeov Aeyetv Trept TWV
S At/Ji;r;5, e^acrav Trap' eavTots yereV^at
TratSas i'^pto~Tas, ot aAAa TC
TTt-pto-o-a /cat ST) /<at aTro/cA^pwo-etav
15 eairra)!/ oif/opevovs rd epr^/^a TT^S AL/3ur)<s. Tfjs yap
Ai/3vrj$ rd //,!/ /caTa T^V /?optav ^aAacrcrav, (!TT'
Aty^TTTOi; ap^a/zevot ^\f>i SoAoevTOS a/cpas, ^ TeAevTa
T^S Ai/3vr)$, oiKov&t AiySves ^at Ai/Svwv tOvt) TroAAa,
Farnell's Herodotus Face page 41.
Pygmy and Cranes.
Comptes Rendus de la Commission Arch, de St. Pttersbourg, 1865. (P. 41.)
Relief at Athens showing the waist of a trireme.
(Baumeister, Denkmdler.) (P. 52.)
THE PIGMIES IN CENTRAL AFEICA. 41
ocrov "EAA^res /cat ^otVt/ces l^ovcrf TO, 8e /ca$-
e TOVTUV OrjpiwSrjs eVrtv ^ Aifivt]' ra Se KaOvirepOe 20
Tys OrjpiuSovs ^a/z/xos re eo~Tt /cat avv8pos Setvcos /cat
prjfJLos Travrwv.
Ot ovv veartat, cos e^acrav ot Nacra/ztoves,
1>7TO TWV ^Al/CCOl/, vScLTl T /Cat (TtTtOtS V
fjvav irpurov plv 8ta T-^S ot/cov/^ev^s* Tavryv Be 25
Is T^t^ OrjpnoSrj a^)t/co^TO, e/c Se
t-6^-?;crai/, r^v 68ov TTOLOV^VOL TT/OOS
avefjiov. teeA^oi/res 5e ^coyooi/ TroAi't' ^a//,^tc68^ /cat ev
TroAAats fjfJLtpais. elSov $TJ Trore SevSpea ei/ TreStco Tre^v/cora,
/cat 7rpo(TA^oi/Te yJTrrovro rov CTT-OI/TOS eTTt TCUV SevSpcoi/ 3
KOLpTTOV' ULTTTOfJieVOiS 8e ttlJTOt? TT-f]\9oV av8p$ CT/Xt/C^Ot,
/xerpttov eAacro-oves di/Spwv, Aa^ovres 5e -^yov avro?;s
St' eAtov jLteytcrrcoi/, /cat 8te^eA^o^res ravra a^iKovro Is
TroAtv ev |J Trai/res 7^crai/ tcrot rots dyowt TO ^.eye^os,
8e jU,eAaves. Ha/Da 8e r^v TroAtv eppet Trora/xos 35
eppet S' d<^>' ecrTrepas Trpos ^ tol/ aVareAAovra,
ec^at I/OVTO Se ev avrco /cpo/coSet Aot.
'0 yoiev 8?) roi? 'AfJLfJLUvtov 'Erea/ox ov Aoyos es TOIJTO
/^ot 8e8i]Atocr^a>, irXrjv OTL aTrovocrrrjcraL re 4'^ roi)s
Nacrayatovas, a>s ot Kijp^vatot e'Aeyov, /cat roi)s avOpMirovs, 4
eg oi)s ovrot a^ucovTo, yorjTas tivau aTravras. Toi^ Se ST)
TrorafjLov TOVTOV 'Ereap^os crvv-/3dX.X6TO efi/at rov
NetAov.
42 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
B. THE AETHIOPIANS.
1. The "Long-lived" Aethiopians, dwelling in South Africa,
defy Cambyses, the king of Persia. "The Table of the
Sun. "
TTOTC o a^icr^? o-T/oaretav CTTI TOI>S
?tovs At$to7ras, oiKOVfJLevovs Ai/3vrjs eTTt rfj i/orta
OaXdcro'rj. "ESoe Se avrw TT/OWTOI/ /caroTrras aTrocrreAAeti/,
6\j/OpVOVS T TY)V V TOVTOIS TOtS AlQloifyl XyOfJLVl]V
elvai fjXiOV rpoLTrefav el tvTiv aA^cos, /cat TT/)OS ravrrj
ra aAAa
ra> yacrtAet avrwv.
*H 8e T^aTrefa rou r)\iov rotate rts Aeyerat efvaf
AetyLtwv ecrrtv e^ TO) Trpoacrreta) eTTtTrAews kpewv <f>6(ov
10 Trai/Twv TWV rerpaTroSwv, Is ov ras /xer VVKTGIS TiOeao-i ra
Kpa ot ev reAet oVres, rots 5e ^/zepas SatVirrat Trpocriwv
6 /^ovAd/xevo?. Ot 8e eTrt^wptot ^>acrt ravra T^V yfjv
avrr]V ava^tSovat e/cacrrore.
*H //.ev 8^ rpoLTrefa rov r)X.iov KaXovfuevr] Aeyerat efrat
15 rotaSe. KafA/Bvo-rj 8c ws e'8o^ 7re//,7reti/
rrjv
crav. 'ETret 8e dtfriKovTo tTrejuiTrev avrovs es rovs
ei/TtAa//,vos a Aeyetv XPV V > $wpa (fr
20 re ef/^a /cat \pvcrovv (rrpeTTTOV irepiavytviov Kal \f/eXia
KOL [JLVpOV dXd/3a(TTpOV KOL <f)OLVlKLOV OIVOV KOiSoV.
Ot 8e At^toTres ovrot Aeyovrat efvat ^teytcrroi /<at
/caAAtcrrot dvOpwirtov Trdvrw vo'ju,ots 8e /cat aAAot?
K^aty)toY/,evots rwv aAAwv av^/DojTTtov, /cat Sr)
THE AETHIOPIANS AND CAMBYSES. 43
/carol rryv /3ao-iX.etav TOta>6V oV av rwv dcrralv 25
//,eyto~ToV re en/at /cat /cara TO //,ey$os e^etv T^I/
TOUTOI/ a^toixrt /3ao-tAei>tv.
TOVTOVS 6">) OTJJ/ TOi;? avSpOLS (OS d<j)lKOVTO OL
<t>dyoi, St&Wes ra 8wpa rw /^acrtAet avrwv e'Aeyov
BacrtAevs 6 Ilepcrwv Ka//,^vo"7y5 ^ovAo/xevo? (/>tAo9 30
/cat ^evog (rot yevecr^at, ^/xa? re aTreTre/z^ev, 5 Aoyovs
eXOeiv KeAeL'wv, /cat Sajpa ravrd crot &&ocrt, ofs /cat
jLtaAtcrra rjSerat ^pw/xevos."
'0 8e AiOioijs fmaOcbv ort /caroTrrat ^'/cotev Aeyet
rotaSe* <<; Ov're 6 Ilepcrwv fiacnXevs Sco/oa
(frepovras /5oi;Ao/xei/os e/xot ei/os yevecrOai,
Aeyere dXrjOrj (rjKT yap /caroTrrat TT}?
ovre eKetvos ai/7y/) ecrrt St/catos* et yap -^v St'/auos,
oiV av e/r-e^u/xTyo-e x^pas aAA^s ^ r^s eavrov, OVT' dV e
dvOptoTrovs fjytv !><' a>v ovSei/ ^St/c^rat. 40
Oe avra> TO^OJ/ roSe StSovres raSe eV^ Aeyere*
4 BacrtAevs 6 At'^tOTTWv crv/x/^ovAevet rw Hepo-wi/ /?ao-tAet,
rore CTT' At^toTras rov? fjicu<po/3iovs (rTpartveo-Qai, lirdv
OVTWS evTrerw? Ilepcrat IA.KOXTI ra ro^a ovra /zeye^et
rocraura' ^\P L ^ TOVTOV Oeois et8ei/at ^aptv, ot OTJ/C ?rt vow 45
TpfcTrovcrtv AWioif/i yfjv aAA^i/ 7rpoo~/crao~^at
Ta{;ra 8e etTrcov /cat aV-ets TO TO^OV 7rap-eS
2. T/ie Aethiopian King despises the dyed garment, and the.
perfume, and the gold ornaments presented to him by the
Persians, but is delighted with their wine, which he
declares to be the redeeming feature in Persian diet,
Aa/3wv Se TO ef/xa TO irop^vpovv rjpero o TL eirj /cat
44 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
O7TW5 7r7TOir}[JLVOV' ZITTOVTIDV TWV \vO<J)yWV TYJV
d\rj0e[av Trepl rfjs Tropffrvpas KOL rfjs /3a<j)fjs, SoXepovs
fjiev TOVS dvOpwTTOVs <>7] cfvat, 8o\epd avrcov ra
5 eiuara. Aevrepov Se Tiepl TOV ^pvo-ov irepiav^viov
7JpTO KOL TTepl TMV l^eAtWV ^yOVfJLVMV $ TWl/
J I^Ovo(^>dyMV, yeAacras 6 /3ao-i\V<s Kal i^o/ztcra? onrra efvat
TreSas et7re^ ws Trap eaurots t(rt pOD^aAecorepat TOI;TWV
TreSat. T/)trov Se rj^oero Trept rov p,vpov' etVovrwv 8e
10 O/UTWJ/ Trept T?Js TTOfc^ofecos Acat aAeti^ea)?, TOV avrov Aoyov,
6v /cat Treyot TOV et/zaTos, etVev. e 2s 8e Is TOI/ oTvov d<J>iKTo
KOL tTrvOtTO avrov rrjv 7rot^o~tv, VTreprjvOels TO> 7roju,aTt
7r-r)peTO 6 /SaartXtvs o TL cnrovvTai ol Tlepcrai Kal OTTOO-OV
fJiaKporarov dvrjp Tlepcrrjs rj. 01 Se o~tTto~^at
TO v apTOV ^>ao~ai/, e^y7yo~a/xevot TWV 7riy)tav T^F
dvSpl 7rpOKi(r6ai. Tipos ravra 6 AiOtoif/ <f)7] o
Bavfjid^eLV el (TLTOV^VOL KOTT/OOF rrj oAtya ^coo~tv
yap av TOcravTa 6(^77 Svvacr6aL ffv avrovs, et p)
20 TrojJLan dvec^epov, (<f)pdfov TOV olvov)' rovrco yap e
UTTO
3. Secret of the long life of these, Aethiopians their diet and
the miraculous power of a certain fountain.
Se TOV /3ao-fcAea TWV 'I^^
rfjs fco^s Kal StatTT/?, </>T; eVry /xev es etKocrt /<at e
Toi)S TroAAoi)? at*Tcov dc^tKvewr^at, vrrp/3dX.X.iv Se
/cat TavTa, o"tTr^o~tv Se efvat /cpea e<f)6a Kal Troua yaAa.
5 Qavua Se Trotou/xevwi/ TWV AcaTao~K07rcov ?rept TCOV
THE AETHIOPIANS AND CAMBYSES. 45
eTTt Kprjvrjv o-^>t rjyrjcraro, ac/>' rjs XovofJitvoi
eytyrovTO, KaOaTrtp et fXaiov r) Kprjvrj eirj, w{e 8' aV
ws et LWV. 'Ao-$eves Se TO v8(jt)p T'ijs Kpijvrjs
ovTb) 8ij TI eAeyov elvai ol KaTdwr/coTroi ojcrre ^8ev otov
r' etVat e?r' avroi; 7rt7rAetF, //,^T6 uAoi/ yu,7yTe ocra ^vAov 10
6<rriv eAac^/oore/oa, cxAAct Travra ^copeti/ eg fivcro-ov. Kat
Scot TO ^Swp TOVTO, t O~Ttv dXrjOws oioV Tt AeyeTat,
fj,aKp6/3iOL av etev, es TravTa ^pajjOtevot.
^S Kprjvrjs 8e a?raAAa>(^ei/TWV a^Tcov, rjyayci/ 6
evs eg TO 6W/zamy/Hoy, ev^a ot 7rai/TS ev TreSats 15
o~Tt 6"e ev TOUTOIS TO6S KlOLoi^i 6
vOS TravTwv CTTravtwTaTOV feat Tt/uorraTOV. 0eacra/xevot
Se TO 8eo~/xa>T^piov iBedcrai'TO /cat T>}V TOW rjXiov Aeyo/ieV^v
Geacrcx/zevot Se Trdvra diraXXda-crovTai OTTLCT^.
4. Frenzied and disastrous expeditions of Cambyses
against the Aethiopians.
8e TWV KaTctcr/coTrwr Ta{jTa, avriKa o
s, ovVe 7rapao~Kvr)V (rirov ovScpiav Trapayyei Aas
Aoyov ea^TO) 8oi;s 6Vt eg Ta ecr^ara yrj? rj/zeAAe o~rpa-
TV(rcr0ai" oia Se e^/xav^g T wi> Kat ov (frpevrjprjs, w?
vJKove T&V 7 l)(&vo<f)dytov, o~rpaTVTO Trdvra TOV TTC^OV
TT}S 68o{; TO TTC/ZTTTOV
^ airrt/ca Ta o~tTta 67r
rot o~tTta /cat TO, v^o{i;yt
KOLT(rOl6{JiVa. Et ^,V VVV fJLaOtoV TCJLVTa 6
/cat aTTTJyev oVtVeo TOV crrparov, ?rt
46 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
ycvofjievr) djJLaprdSi r^v dV dvrjp cro</>os* vvv
8> ovSeva Aoyov TTOIOV^VO^ yet det es TO Trpocro). Ot
Se crrpaTiumxt, ewg fjiev TL ?^ov CK rrjs yrjs Aa/x^dvetr,
15 7TOir]<l)ayOVVTS St-ea>V 67T61 > T>)v \pdjJLfJLOV Oi<J)lKOVTO,
$ivbv zpyov aiJTCov rtves tipydcravTO' IK 8e/cd8os ya/9 eVa
rairra 6 Ka/x/??;cr7;s, SefcVa? T^I/ dAArjAo-
fai/ ? d^)-ets TOV JTT' At$t'o7ras (rroAov OTTicrco eTropevtro.
Kat d</>fcKve?rat es G?j^as TroAAovs a7roAeo"as rou
crr/oarov.
XVI. NARRATIVE OF THE BATTLE OF SALAMIS,
480 B.C.
[^e^i years a/^er ^e cZe/ea^ o/ ^/ie Persians at Marathon, 490
B.C., Zeroes, wfo cawe ^o ^e throne in 485 B.C., executed
another invasion of Greece on an enormous scale both by
land and sea. His land forces were to march round by
the northern coasts of the Aegean Sea, and down into
Greece by way of Thessaly, and the fleet was to accompany
them as nearly as possible along the coast. No real
opposition ivas encountered till they came to the Pass of
Thermopylae where the Spartans made their heroic stand.
When the Spartans had been betrayed and cut to pieces,
the Persians were enabled to overrun Boeotia and Attica
without opposition. Simultaneously with the fghting at
Thermopylae naval engagements had taken place near by
betiveen the Persians and Greeks off Artemisium, where
the Greek navy had first taken up its station. The Greeks
had rather the best of the contest, but they determined,
BATTLE OF SALAMIS. 47
mainly on account of the defeat of the Spartans at
Thermopylae, to retire southwards. The island of
Salamis was chosen as their next station, chiefly in order
to enable the Athenian fleet to transport their ivives and
children and moveable property to that place of refuge.
Meanwhile the Persian army occupied Athens, and
captured the Acropolis where a few defenders had made a
stand ; while the fleet followed the Greek navy and took up
a position opposite to it off the coast of Attica. At this
point the text begins.']
1. On hearing of the capture of Athens by the Persians under
their king Xerxes, the Greek naval commanders, seized
with a panic, determine to abandon their position at
Salamis, and to retire to the Isthmus of Corinth. An
Athenian points out to Themistocles the fatal consequences
that this would involve to the ivhole Greek cause.
Ol oe ev ^ZaXafuvL "EAA^res, cos avrots e^-rjjyeXOr^ ws
e'cr^e ra irepl TYJV 'AOrjvwv aKpoiroXiv, es TOCTOVTOV
Oopvfiov dfbiKOVTO oKrre evtoi TWV (TTpaTrjywv e? re ras
vavs ecr-eTTiTTTOv KOLL ten La rjpavro cos a7ro$ei>cro/zevor rots
T VTrO\L7TOfJieVOiS aVTWV ZKVpwOr) TTpO TOV 'IcrOfJLOV 5
vavua)(iv. Nv T eytyvero /cat ot, SiaXvBevrts e/c TOV
<T/3aivov es ras vavs.
87) Ge/ztcrTO/<Aea d^)tKO/zevov eTrt TTJV vavv
rjpero M]/7y(rt^)tAos, dvrjp 'A^vato?, o rt eirj /3e/3ov\v-
fAVOV. Tlv06[JLVO$ $ TTyOOS aVTOV O)S 17] e8oyfJLVOV IO
avayetv rd? vavs Trpos TOV 7 Icr^oi/ Kal Trpb TTJS IleAoTroi/-
vijcrov vai;/^a^ti/, enrev' " OVTOL apa y ear
ras vavs (XTTO SaAa/zti/os, irepl ovSe/xta? ert
Kara ya/o TroAets e/cacrrot TpeiAovrat, /cat
48 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
15 ovre o-</>as l&vpitaSrjs Kare\tiv (W^creTat ovre ri
a.v6p(o7T(j}V aAAos* aVoAetTat re 07 'EAAas a/3oi>Atats.
'AAA' et' Tts O~Tt fjLrjxavr], Wi /cat Tretpto Sta^eat ra
j^va, ear TTWS 6\'y?7 dvayvcocrai Evyot^taS^j,'
wcrre
2. Urged by Themistodes, Euribiades recalls the meeting.
fietort of Themistodes to the Corinthian admiral.
Ka/ora &*) rw Ge/zto-ro/cAet rj/oecrev 7} VTTO^K:^, /<at
'et ITTI r^v vatv T>V
KOLVOV TL
jLa (TVfJi,fJ,iai' 6 8' avrov es r^v vaijv K\evev
5 ecrfidvra Aeyetv. et' rt ^eAet.
'Ei/rcru^a 6 QjjLLCTTOK\r)s Trapi^ofJLevos ot KaraAeyet
Kivd T Trcxvra a r/Kovcre Mv^crt^/Aov /cat aAAa TroAAa
7r/DO(rrt$ets, e? o dveyrwcrev 4'/c re
re- roi'5 (TTparrjyov^ es TO
TOV Adyov J>v eVe/ca crvv-^yaye TOIJS
TrdAA 7 eAeyei/ 6 Be/xto-To/cAr}? ofa Kapra Sed/
Aeyovro? Se avrov, 6 Ko^otV^tos crT/oar^yos 'ASet/z
V c **fl Ge/xtcrro/cAets, ev rots o.yoxrti/ ot 77po-^-av-
" Ot 3e ye l
3. Speech of Thucydides on the advantages of remaining
at Salamis.
Tore //-ey ?}7rtcus Trpos ro^ Kopt'v$tov rjp^iif/aTO' Trpos Se
dSrji' eAeye TaSe*
~I'arnels Tales from, Herodotus , pp. 48, 49.
BAY OF ELEU
After -plan in- Grates Greece,, Vo l.IV.
London: M
BATTLE or SALAMIS
B.C. 48O
ENGLISH MILES
10 I 2 3
Ian & Co. L*f
BATTLE OF SALAMIS. 49
(rot vvv eo~rt o"wo~at rr)V aa, eav e/zot
vjmaxiav avrov /zevcoy Trot^ p;8e ava~cvys
TT/OOS TOV 'Icr$/u)V ras vaus. ITpwrov //-ei/ yap ev
(rrerca o-v/x/^aAAovres vai'crtv oAtyat? Trpos TroAAas, T)V ra
fiKora IK rov TroXcfjLov /c/?atv?/, TroAv K parser op.tv' TO
yap ev crreva) vai/xa^eti/ Trpos fjfjiwv Icrrtv, ev evpv^ajpia
Se Trpos e/cetVcov. A^^ts Se 2aAa/zts Tre/otytyyerat, es rji/
9]/X,tV V7TK-KLTaL T6KVOL T Kttfc yi;VatKS. Kat /X^V 6/AOt(OS
aijroi; re /xei/cov /cat Trpos rco 'IcrO/Jiw 7rpovavjuia)(rfcris TTJS
IleAoTrovv^croi', ov8' avrovs, etTrep eu t^povets, a^ets eTTt
T?)V IleAoTroj/VT/o-o^. "Hv Se ye a eya> eATTtfw
Ko.1 viK^o-tojJiev rats vatmF, ovre i>//iV Is TOV
Trapecroi/rat ot /3dpf3apoi, ovre 7rpo/3ijcrovTaL e/<ao-Tpco 15
tKTs' aTrtacrt' re ovSevt /coc
4. Attacked ~by Adeimantus, Themistodes, as a conclusive
argument in favour of staying at Salamis, declares that
otherwise the whole Athenian fleet and people will sail off
and found a new home for themselves in Italy. Euribiades
and the rest are thus persuaded to remain.
Tavra Aeyoi/ros QejuucrTOKXovs avOis 6 KopivOios
7 A8et/xai/ros 7r-(f)pTO, (riyav re KeAei'coi/ O.VTOV w ^77
O"rt Trarpts, /cat l^vpi^LaS^v OVK ewv e7rt^^(/)t^etv aTroAet
dv8pi' (raivra 8e etTrer, 6Vt rjX^Ke<rdv re /cat /caret
at 'A^vat).
Tore 8^ 6 Gejato-TO/cATJs e/cetvov re /cat ro^s
TroAAa re /cat /ca/ca eAeyev, e8r^Aoi> re Aoyw to? ea^
et?7 /cat TroAt? /cat y>J /xet^wv rj Trep e/cetvots,, ew? a>
50 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
6\a/<oo-tat i/rjcs eavrots (ikrt TreTrA^pw/xevar ovSa/xoi;?
2r//xatV(OF Se raura, TO) Aoyw Ste/^at^ey es Evpt/^taoYyv,
Aeycoy /xaAAov e7rto~rpe(/>tos* " 2i? et /xevets ai'roi;, /cat
/xeVwv aV?)p ayaOos ecret, et Se /XT), dvarpeifseis rr)v
^EAAaSa. 'AAA' e//,ot TretOoV et 8e /AT) ra-ura Trot^cret?,
15 7}/xets /x,er ws e'xo/^ev, avaAa^ovres TOT;? otKeras, KOJJLLOV-
jj,0a es 2tyoti/ TT)V Iv 'IraAta, (^ Trep ^/zerepa re ecrrtv
e/c TraAatov, KGU ra Aoyta Aeyet ort !></>' ^wv Set avrrjv
KTio~6rjvaiY vfjieis 8e (rv/x/xa^wv rotwvSe /xovw^e^Tes
fjL[JLvr)O'(T6e rco]/ e/AWV Aoywv."
20 Tavra 5e Ge/xt(7TOKAous Aeyovros av-eStSacrKero Evpi-
/3idSr)s' aTToAtTTOvrwv yap 'A^Tivatwi/, ovKen av eyt-
yvovro a^to/xa^ot ot AotTrot. Taur^i/ 5e T^
atpecrat avroij
5. Alarmed at the proximity of the Persian flwt, the resolu-
tion of the Greeks is again shaken. Themistocles however
compels them to stay by a stratagem: he sends a secret
messenger to the Persians, feigning treachery, and per-
suades them to cut off the retreat of the Greek fleet during
the night.
Ot 8e Ile/xrat dv-rjyov ras vavs e-TTt TT)V 2aAa/xtva
/cat 7rap-Kpi9rio-av Stara^^eFres KaO' r)<rvyi(iv' KOLL
7rap6(rKvdovTO e? rryv vorrepaiav. Toi)s Se
e^X e ^ 'os re /cat oppwSta, OTJ
5 eaurots 8et/xatVovres ws ?rept TT^ IleAoTroFi'
8e cn;AAoyos lytyvero, /cat ot /xei/ eAeyoF <os Is Try
BATTLE OF SALAMIS. 51
Kiv8vvVLV, /xrySe TT/OO" >((opa Sop/aAcoVov /xev
, ol Se 'AOyvaioi Kal AlyiVTJrai KOI Meyapeis
^ T0 ^ /^vorras dfJLVV<r&&i. 10
'EvTa/u#a Oe/zttTTOKATjs cos rjcrcrdro rrj yvutjJLr) -UTTO
TCOV IleAoTrov^^crtcov, Aa^cov e^ep^erat e/c TOIJ cri'i/eSptov,
e^eA^cov Se 7re/x7ret es TO o-T/oaroTreSov TO M^ScoF txvSpa
TrAotco, evTetAa/xevos a, Aeyetv XP 7 ?' V ovo/ia jU,ev -^v
St/ctvvos, otKeTT^s Se Ktu TratSayojyos T^F TCOF Oe/xtcrTOKAovs 15
TratScov. 'A(/HKo/zi/os cSe oiiTos 4'Aeye TT^OS TO us TCOV
6 'A^r/t/atcov \dOpa TCOV cxAAcov 'EAA^vcor
yap f3ovX,6fJiVos /xcxAAov TCX vfJLtrepa KaOvjrepOe ytyvecrOai,
7} TCX TCov'EAATyvcor Tr/oay/xaTa), <^>yO(xo~o]/Ta 6Vt ot "EAA^ves 20
jibv /3ovX.vovTai KaroppwSrjKOTts' Kal vvv irapk^ei
v VJJLOLS e^oycov CXTTCXVTCOV ee/)yao-ao-#cu, ^v /x^
SiaSpdvras avrovs' ovre yap cxAA^Aots 6/xo-
<f>pOVOV(TLV OVT tXVTtO"T7]CTOVTat U/>ttV, TT^OOS eaVTOVS T
o^ecr^e vav/zaxowTas TOT;S TO, vptrtpa ffcpovovvras Kal 25
TO US /X^."
e O /x,ei^ ravrd crc^t o~ry/x^a e/<7rocSco^ cxTT^AAacrcreTO'
TO?S 8e cos TTtcTTcx eyevcTo TCX cxyyeA$VTa, CTretS?) eyiyvovro
fjLecrai Fv/cTes aVTJyov TO cxc/)' o~7repa,s /cepas KVK\ovfJitvoL
Trpos TT)V 2aAajitt^a, KaT-etx^^ T" e ^XP L Motrtt^td^ 30
TTcitvTa TOV TropOuov Tats vavcrL. TcoySe Se eve/ca dvTJyov
TCXS vavs tVa 6^ Tots "EAAyyo-t /x^8e (frvyelv e^etTy, aAA'
ev T^ 2aAa^u,tvt 8otei/ TLCTLV TCOV ITT'
52 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
6. The Persian movements are reported by Aristides, an old
opponent of Themistocles, with whom he is now reconciled.
Twr Be eV IZaXajjiivi (rrpar^ytov tyiyvero
Aoywv TroAvs* fjvav 8e OI/'TTW ort Trept-e/cv/cAouvro ea
rats vavarlv ol /3dp/3apoi. ^vv-ecmy KOTOW Se Tc3y crrpa-
TrjyuHs, e Alyivrjs 8i/3rj 'Apio-retS^s 6
5 dvrjp 'A^vato? /xev e^-oocrTyoa/cicr/Aevos 8e IUTTO
ov yw vevofJLLKa, irvvOavofJitvos avrov rov T/OOTTOV, aptcrrov
avSpa yeve&Oai ev 'A^vats /cat StKcuoraroi/.
6 av7)/o crras 7rt TO
Aea, ovra jnev ai;ro) ov
10 /xaAta-ra* VTTO 8e /xeye^oi;? rwi/ irapovruv
KLVU>v 7TOiov[JLi>os e^-e/caAetTO, e^cAwv aiJ
Ilyoo-aK^Koet Se ort o~7reu8otev ot dvro
avayetv ras vaus TT/OOS TOV 'Icr^//-ov.
*12s 8e e^rjXOe Oe/Ato-rofcA^s, eAeyev ' Apio-TeiSirjs ra8e*
15 " H/ms o-raa-ta^eiv ^p^v ecrrtv 4V re rw aAAw Acatpw,
KOU S^ /cat ev roSSe Trept rov oTrore/Qo? ^wv TrAetw dyaOa
TTJV irarpiSa epydcrtrai. Aeyw Se rot ort tcrov eart
TroAAa re /cat oAtya Aeyetv Trept aTTOTrAoi; rov tvrevOev.
'Eya> yap avroTTTTys rot yevoyue^os Aeyw ort vui/, oi>8'
20 >}v OeXuxTi YiopivOioi re /cat avros Ei'pt/?tdc8?y9 ? ofot
re ecrovrat e/c?r Aevcrat Trepte^d/xe^a yap I'TTO Twy TroAe-
/ci;/cAa>. ? AAA' ecreA$a>i/ ravra
7. ^ Themistocles 1 request, Aristides announces the news in
person to the Council : but they remain incredulous until
the report is confirmed by some deserters.
" Kapra re
BATTLE OF SAL AMIS. 53
Kal ev rjyyetAas' a yap eyw eSeo/^v yevecr^at avros
avroTTTT/s yevo/zevos ry/ceis. "Icr#t yap e />w>u ra
TTOLOV[JLVa V7TO M^StoV c'Sei y<*/0, OT OV^ KOVTS
es JJLOL^V KaOio-TacrOai ot "EAA^ve?, aKOvras 5
. ^v 8e 7ret TTC^O i^Ket? xpTjcrra aTray-
yeAAwF, avros o^c^t ayyetAov ^v yap eya> avra Aeyco
8o^a> TrAacras Aeyetv. 'ETrav 8e (rrjp,r}vr)s, r/v /xev
Tret^covrat, raura 6^ TO, /caAAtcrTo, ecrrat,' r)v Se a-urots
^ TTiorra yev^rat ravra, ofwiov rjfMV ecrraf ov yap 10
Tt SiaSpdcrovrai, et Trep Trepie^ofJieOa Trai/ra^o^ei/, (05
crv Aeyet?."
Tavra eAeye 7rapeA(9a)V 6 'Apto-retSTys, <a/zevos e^
Kiylvri<$ re YJKZIV, Kal /xoyts e/CTrAcvcrat XaOwv rovg
7rpi\or9ai yap TTOLV TO (rT/oaroVeSov TO 15
TTO TO)V V6WV TWP' EZtp^OV. Kttfc 6 /XV
ro.vra L7ru)v ^O-ciorrrJKTjj TWV Se avOis eytyreTO Adywv
dfji^nrpao-ia- ot yap TrAeoves TWV o-TpaTyyuv OVK 7Tt-
Oovro ra e^-ayyeXOevra. 7 A7Tto~Toi;vTwv 6e TO^TCOI/ -^/ce
rpiriprjs dvSpuv Trjviwv avTO/zoAovcra, ^s ^/>X l/ ^ v ^/ 2O
IlavatTtos 6 Scocra/zevovs, 77 ?T6p 87) Ic^epe TT)V aA^$tav
Tracrai/.
8. ^OM? ^e 6a^e began.
Tot? Se "EAA^o-tv (os 7ri<TTa 8rj ra Aeyo/*eva ^v,
ot /3dp/3apoi. Ot /x,v Sr) aAAot
dv-KpovovTO Kal coKeXXov TOL5 vaijs* 'A/zemas,
54 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
/3d\\ei' o-vfJL-7r\aKi(TY]s Se rrjs vews, OVTCO &) ot aAAoi
'A/xema /3orj@ovvTS (Twe/JLio-yov. Aeyerat Se Kat ra8e,
cos (frdcrfjia ywatKos ec^dVyy, c^avetcra Se
10 wcrre Kat aVai/ d/coijcrat TO TCOF
Trporepov rae,
ert Trpvfjivav dvaKpovev6e ; "
9. Total defeat of the Persian navy.
Kara /xev Sr) 'AOrjvaiovs erd^Orjcrav ^otvtKes (ovrot
yotyo ?)(ov TO TT/OOS 'EAevo'tv'os Te Kat eo~7repa? Kpa<$),
Kara Se Aa/ceSat/x-ovtous "Icoi/es* OTJTOI Se er^ov TO Trpos
TT)V 7^(0 TC /cat TOV Iletptttea.
To 8e 7r\.fj@os TWV vewy IF T^ SaAa/zti/t eKepat'feTO,
a6 /xev -UTT' 'A.0r)vai<av oYac^etpo/zeyat, at 8e {'TT' Atyt-
Ttov yu/ev yotp ^EAATyi^toi/ o~w KOCTJJLM vo^vp^d-
Kara rd^iv, TWV 8e /3ap/3dpa)v ovre reray-
Tt, o{'T O~UV VO) TTOtO^VTWV OvSeV, ^eAAe TOtOlJTO
10 avrots crvvoicrecrOai olov irep a7r-/3?7. KatVot rjcrdv ye
rrjv r^tpav /xa/cpco a/xetVoi/es ^ TT/OOS
Tts TrpoOv/movfJLtvos /cat Set/xati/wv Bep^
10. Losses of the barbarians in ships and men.
'Ev Se TCO TroFO) T07JTO) a7re^ai/e /xev 6 crTparijyos
' Apia/3 iyvrjs o Aapetoi;, =$p
8e aAAot TroAAot' Te /<at ovo/x,ao*TOt Ile/xrwF T
M^ySoji/ /<at TWF aAAtoF o~i;//-//a^cov, dAtyot Se T
5 'EAATyi/coV aTe yap vetV ^TrLcrrdjULei'Oi, es TT)V ^
oVeVeov, t Ti&iv at
THE ANT-BEARS. 55
/3dp(j)v ol TroAAot iv ry OaXdo~o~y 8i-6(f)6dpr]o~av, veiv
OVK 7TtO-Ta/ZeVOt. 'E7Tt Se at TTpWTai V7J$ <$ </>Vyr)l/
T/oa7rovTO, 6VTav6(JL at TrAetcrTat 8t<j)0ipovTo' ol yap
07Ttcr#e reray/zevot, es TO irpovOev irapitvai rat? vavcrt io
Tret/oto/zevot a>s aTroSet^o/z-evot tpyov rt /cat avrot ySacriAet,
rats aAAats Favcrt rats favyovcrai$ irepi-tTrnrTOV.
Ttov 8e /3ap/3dpwv es (^vyrfv r/oaTro/zei'ODi/ /cat e/c-
TrAeovrwv TT^OOS TO <&d\.r)poV) A.lyivrJTai -u7roo~TavTS ei/
TO) TTOpOfJuu epya aTT-eSet^avTO Aoyoi* dia' ol fjLev yap 15
'AOrjvaioi V TO> Oopvfiw 6Kpdiov rds re dvOio-rafJLtvas
KOL Tas ^euyovcras TWV vewj/, ot 8e Atytv^Tat Tas e/c-
TrAeoiVas* OTTWS Se Ttve? Tot;s 'AOyvaiovs 8ia<J>vyoiev,
(f)p6fjivoi eo~-7rt7TTOv ? TOW Atytv^Tas. Ot 8e y8a/)-
fiapoi wv at v?Js Trept-eyevovTo favyovres a^iKovro es 20
XYII. How GOLD is PROCURED IN INDIA AMONG
THE ANT-BEARS.
'Ev T>7 TW i/ 'Ii/Swi/ X^/^ c(7Ttv tprjfjiia Sid rrjv ^a/x/xov
Iv 8^ ovv T?y eprjfjiia ravry Kal rrj ^a/z/zco yiyvovrai
/zeye^o^ e'^ovTes icwcSv /xev eAao~o~ov aAco-
8e juet^oi/' etVt ya^o Ttves avTtoi/ /cat Trapa y8ao~t-
Ae? TW Ileyocra)^ evrevOev OvjptvOtVTes. Oirrot 01;^ ot
fJLVp[JL7]KS 7TOlOVfJiVOl OtK^CTtV "UTTO y^V dva<f>OpOV(Tl TTjV
\f/dp,p,ov KaOdnep ol ev Tots "EAA^o-t fjLvpfjLrjKts, to~t
Se /cat avTot efSo? 6/zotoTaTot. *H Se ^a^o? 17 ava-
O~Tt VO~iTlS' 7Tt 8
56 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
10 (rreAAovTat es TTJV cpvjfMV ol 'IvSot, ^ei^a/
'E7T V t
oVaySatvet, eTTtTTySevcra? OTTOJS aVo TCKVMV w? vewraroov
a7roo~7racra9 {ctSci* at yap /ca/x^Aot ITTTTWV
15 ts ra^VT^Ta eto~t, ^((opts 6"e d^Brj TroXv
<f)p6LV.
Ot 8e &>) 'Iv8ot TjOOTTO) TOIOVTW Kal {ci'^et roiavTrj
Xpwuevoi zXavvovo-iV 7rl rbv ^pvo~bv AeAoytcryotevws
OTTCD? KavfJidTWV TWV OepfJiordrMv ovrwi/ eVovrat ei/ T^
20 apTrayrj' VTTO yap rov Kav/Jiaros ol fJLVpfJi^Ke^ a
ytyvovrat -UTTO y/Ji/. ; E7rav 8e eA&txriv es TOF
ot 'Ii/Sot e^op'Te? OvXaKia, e/XTrA^cravTe? ravra r?Js
\jsdfJLfJiOV TTJV Ta^tcrT7/F lAavFovcrtv OTTtcrw avrLKa yap
ol fJLVp^rjK<s ovfJirj, 005 S?) Aeyerat I^TTO
25 Sto)/cowt. Etcrt Se ra^vr^ra ovSevt erepw o//,otot, OVT
o>(7T, t JUT) 7rpovXdfJi/3avov ol ? Iv5ot r?Js oSov
av a^Tw^ aTr-ecrwfero. Ot /xev vuv ap(Tves TWV
A-wv, icrt yap ^o"<rorS rpe^etv TWV OrjXtiwv, tro.pa-
XvovTai effreXKOfitvoi) ov% OJULOV afJufioTtpoi' at
30 dva/xt/xi/7yfr/co/xFat Sv eAtTTOF TCKVWF eF^tSo'acrt
KOI/ o^Sev.
XVIII. ARABIA.
(a) T 7 /^ spices of Arabia Curious methods of obtaining them.
'Ei/ rfj 'Apafiia l^ovr) )(coptov Tracrwv At^avo>TO9 re
0"Tt <^>vo^.J/os /<at o~fjivpva /cat Kao~ta fca
THE SPICES OF AEABIA. 57
/cat XrjSavov. Tairra Trarra irX^v TT)S o~/zvp 1/779 Svcr-
ot 'Apa/:?tot.
ye \i/3dv(aTov o-^AAeyovo-t Tr)v o-Tupa/ca 5
s' TO, yap SeVSpea ravra TO, At/3ava>To<opa
vTTOTrrepoi, cr/JiiKpol TO [JieyeOos TTOLKL\OL TO etSo?,
TrXrjOei TroAAot Trept SevSpov
8e aAAw aTreAavvovTat aVo TWV Se
TO) T)Js CTTVpOLKOS KaTTVW. IO
TT^F 8e Kacriav KTwvTat 'A/)dt/?tot wSe* 'EiraF Kara-
S^o~wvTa6 /Bvpcrais KOI 8eyoju,ao~tv aAAots Trai/ TO o~w/xa
/cat TO 7rpoo~a)7rov TrA^v avTwv Twr o^)^aA/xwv, ep^ovTat
?rt TT)^ Koxrlav' f) 8e ei/ Xifjivy (f>veraL ov /3a0ia, Trepl
Se avrrjv /cat ev avT^ avAt^erat TTOV 6?] pi a TTTepwTa, 15
Tat? WKTpi<ji TTyoocret/ceAa /xaAto~Ta, /cat rerpiye SetvoV,
/cat es aA/CTyv eo"Ttv aA/ct//,a* a Set a7rajwi;vetv (XTTO TWV
6<f)0a\fji{ov S/oeTTovTa? TT)V Kacriav f
To Se 8?) KLvdjJuofJLOv eVt TOV'TCOV Oavfjiacrrorepov (rvX-
"OTTOI; /zev yap ytyveTat /cat ^Tts /zti/ y>) 0} 20
eo~Ttv ov/c e^orcrtv etTretv, opViBas
/zeyaAas c/>opetv TauTa Ta Kapffrr] a ^/>cet, (XTTO
KCOF /za^o'vTe?, /ctva//,o>ju,ov /caAou/xev. Qopovcri 8e at
es veocro-ta? 7T/ooo-7re7rAao-/Aeva e/c irrjXov TT/OOS
opeo~tv, ev^a 7rpoo~/?acrt5 av^pcoTrco ovSepia 25
eo~Ttv. IIpos ow 8^ Ta^Ta qt 'Apa^tot croc^t^ovcrt TaoV
/3owv re /cat ovwv /cat TCOV aAAo>v vTro^ytwv Ta
8taTe/^ovTas w? /zeyto-Ta, KOfrifowiV es ravTa ra
/cat Oevres ay^ov TWV veocrcrtwv a7raAAao~o~ovTat e/cas
airrwv. At 8e opvtOes /caTa?reTO/xei/at TO, /xeA?y TWV 30
58 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
iMv dva<>opov(Tiv 7rl rots veocrcridV at 8e ov 8vvd-
ivytiv KaTappijyvvvTai irrl yfjv ol Se eTTioV
crvAAey overt rov /ava//,
(6) Further wonders in Arabia Carts for the sheep's tails.
Avo 6 yevr) ottof avrois ecrrt OavjjLaros ct^ta, a
OvSafJLOV Tpto)Ot (TTl. To jU,^ yap OLVTMV TpOV ^t
ras ovpas /za/cpas, r/ota>v ?r?;>(ecoF OVK eXacrcrovas' as
et TIS <ptr] cr<j)i e^eA/cetv, eX/cry av e^otev dvarpi/3o-
- fjLtvwv Trpos TYJ yrj TWV ovpwv vvv 8e aTras rtg TWV
Trot/^ei'cov eTrtcrraTat ^I'Aov^oyetv Is rocrovro* a/xa^tSas
yap Trotovvres "UTroSoTxriJ/ avras rats ovpais. To Se
erepov yevos rwv otWF ras ovpas TrAaretas (fropovo-i KOL
TrAaros.
XIX. SCYTHIAN PROPHETS.
(a) ITow ^/iey attribute any illness of the king to the perjury of
one of his subjects, ivho is accordingly beheaded.
Mavrets 8e ^LKvOdv elo-l TroAAot, o?
pd/35ois trcfvats TroAAats a>8e* 'ETrav <^a/ceAoi;s pd/SSwv
/xeyaAovs evey/cwvrat, ^ei/res ^a/xat, Sie^eAtcrcroi'crtv
avroi;s, /<at eyrt /ztav IfcacrTTyv pd/38ov nSevrts OevTri-
- owr a^ta re Aeyovres ra^ra crvveiAoixrt ras pd/3Sovs
OTTtcrw, /<at ai>$6S /cara /xtav crvvTiOeacriv. AVTTJ pkv
or(f)L f) fjiavTiKr] Trarpwa ecrrtv.
o K
avSpas rpets rovs euSo/ct^ovvras /^aAto-ra rcoi/ /xa
SCYTHIAN PROPHETS. 59
ot rpoVo) TW iprjfj,V(p fjLavrevovTat' /cat Aeyowtv 10
OVTOL u>s TO tTTLTrav fJidXuTTa T(x8e, (os ra? /3acnX.Las
eCTTtaS 7TLO)pKrjK TtS, AeyOVTCS TWV do-TWV OF ttl/ Sr)
(Tas 8e ^ao"tAta? eo~rtas vo^o? 2/ci;$Gus eo~riv
Tore, eTrav rov /^eytcrrov opKov e6^eAa)o~t^ o/x-
vwcu.) AvriKa $e StetA^/z/xevo? ayerat oirros ov ay 15
6>) (frwcriv 7TLopKrj(raL' a<^ty//For Se eAey>(ovo~tF ot
a>5 7rtoyo/c7yo-a9 (^atVerat ev riy jmavriKfj ra?
ecrrtas, icat Sta ra^ra aAyet 6 /Sac
'O Se api/etrat, OTJ (^a^ievos tTTiopKYJcrai, KOL
Aoyetrat. 20
'Apvovfmevov Se TO^TOV, 6 /3aa-iXevs /zeTa7re//-7rerat
StVAacrto^s /xavrets' Kat eav /zev Kat oijTOt,
5 T^V fJLOLVTLKTtlV) KaTa8>Jo~WO~tF 7TlOpKfjO'ai,
v0a>s T^V Ke</>aAr)v dworefJivovo-L Kal ra x/ 07 ?-
avrov SLaXay^di'ovcnv ot Trpwrot TCOI/ /xavrewv* 25
eav 8e ot eTreA^ovre? ^tavrets a7roAiVcoo-tv, aAAot Tra'p-
eto~t /zai/ret?, /cat /xaAa aAAot. 'EaV ovv ot
TOV avOpwTTOV aTToAucrcuo-t, SeSo/crat rots TT/OCOTOI?
ots d,7roAAi;o~^at.
(6) ZTo?/; ^7ie prophets themselves are put to death when mistaken.
'A?roAA{>crt o^ra avroi;? T^OTTCO rotwoV eTrav a/
<j>pvydvuv TrXrjcruHTL Kal VTTO^V^O-L fiovs, e/zTr
roi;? //caret? /cat ^etpas OTTtcra) 8^o~aFT5 /cat o-ro/zw-
9, K(LTipyvv(Tiv eg //o~a rot <f)pvyava' viroTrpij-
Se aiJTa a^>tao~t tfrofirjcravTes rovs /3ovs. IIoAAot 5
/3oi;? o-vy/cara/caovrat rots /xavrtcrt, TroAAot Se
60 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
7TpLKKaVjJiVOi OiTTO()VyOVO~lV 67TOLV aVTWV pVfJLOS KOLTa-
KavOrf.
Kara/cacnm 8t T/SOTTW TW etpr^eVo) /cat cV aAAas
10 atrtas TOI>S /idVrets, ^evSo/xai/rets KaAovvres. Oik 8 7
CtV OL7TOKTLVy /3aCTl Ae^S, TOIJTWF O7J TOT>? TTtttSttS
AetVet, aAAa Trai^ra ra apcreva /cretVet, rot 8e 6yj\ea
OVK
XX. THE POWER OF CUSTOM.
"E/cacrTot vojJLifovcri TTO\V n KaAAiVrovs TOT;S e
T
ecrrt (TTaOfjuocrao-Ocu, Kal $r] /cat ra>Se'
Aapetos 67rt T^S lavrov upx*js KaAecras "EAA^ras
L' o 8e CTT ovev6
<=<pao-av ZpSeiv av TOVTO. Aapetos 8e /xera ravra, KaAe-
cras 'IrSwv rois KaXovfjievovs KaAAartag, ot TOV? yorea?
/career ^t overt v, -^/oero (Trapovrtov rtov e EAA7yvwi/ /cat 8t'
10 ep/z^yecos /xai/^ai/ovTWi/ TO, Aeyo/xeva) eTTt rtvt \pijfLaTL
Se^atvr' ai/ reAeirrwvras TOI;? Trarepas /caraKaetv
ol Se, cxva^o^cravres /xeya, v<f>r}fJLeiv piv tKeXtvov.
NOTES.
i.
GAMES INVENTED BY THE LYDIANS.
1. ^curlv 01 AvSol, /c.r.X. As a matter of fact, most of the
games mentioned were of much greater antiquity than is
implied ; but Herodotus very properly abstains from spoiling
a good story by disputing the accuracy of its details.
3. Mdvcw, a genitive employed in Ionic Greek from
nouns in -775 of the first declension. Manes was the
mythical founder and earliest king of the Lydian nation, as
Romulus was of the Roman.
4. dvd r-fjv AvSiav ira<rav. See note on xi. B, 5, 1. 15.
XnrapovVTS. The sense of the word in this passage, for
which see Vocabulary, is not that which it bears in ordinary
Attic Greek, viz. , * to beseech earnestly. '
5. jura, adverbial = Kireira.
6. dXXos dXXo Tr\Lr\\a,va.ro, ' one man devised one remedy,
one another,' "AXXos succeeded by a second &\\os (or any
part of it) in different clauses = ' one . . . one ' or ' one . . . another, '
but when the word is repeated, as above, in the same clause,
we cannot translate literally.' Such a phrase is really a
shortened form for aXXos #XXo e^xa^aro, #XXos #XXo e'yur/xaj'aro.
Compare Latin * alius aliud f acit. '
7. do-Tpa-yciXcov. This game, which resembled that of dice,
was originally played with knucklebones, but afterwards with
more elaborate instruments. The * astragali ' differed from
61
G2 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
the ' cubi ' or dice proper, in having only four sides flat and
marked, the other two being rounded. The methods of
playing the two games were also dissimilar.
9. -rrecnrwv. The game of Treo-aol, resembling our draughts
or chess, is said to have been known in Egypt as early as
2000 B.C. It was popular among the Greeks ; and Pindar, a
celebrated poet who composed choral songs, represents the
heroes in Elysium as amusing themselves with the game.
10. -irpbs TOV Xifiov, lit. * against their hunger,' i.e., 'to
stave off their hunger.'
II.
THE OLDEST RACE ON EARTH.
7. iropov etc., 'find out any solution to this question
(namely) who were ' etc. Notice the two negatives OVK . . . ovdeva,
which, in Greek, strengthen instead of cancelling each other ;
cf. 1. 10, fJLTjdeva ... fj.yd/j,iav.
1 1 . <(>' eavrwv, ' by themselves. ' 'E?ri, lit. upon, is often
used with the genitive to denote ' place where ' ; hence with a
person it frequently means ' in the presence of ' ; thus e0'
eavrCbv = ' in their own presence,' i.e. 'alone, by themselves.'
12. TrXTJo-avTa 8e TOV "yaX., ' having satisfied (them) with the
milk.' Hi/uL7r\r]/uLL, like the adjectives TrXews, Tr\r)pr)s, and the
Latin plenus, 'full,' is followed by the genitive of the substance
with which a thing is filled.
14. pT|Jovo-i. Pres. indicative for the optative, cf. on vm.
A, 3, 1. 7.
21. iroXv TJV, ' was often-repeated.'
25. KdXovvras TOV apTov, supply j8e/cos, ' found that the
Phrygians called bread by that name. '
III.
CROCODILES IN EGYPT.
4. Ko,TpoL in the plural signifies ' each set, or group, of
people. '
17. KCITOL T-f|v <|><ovT|V, lit. ' down to the cry,' i.e., 'in the
direction of the cry.'
NOTES. 63
11. frypcu, ' modes of catching' for which aXoxrets might be
used in Attic prose. In the Attic writers ay pa is rather ' the
act of catching, ' or ' the chase. '
14. ct-yKio-Tpov, an old word for ' a hook,' is retained in Attic
only in the special sense of the hook of a spindle.
18. 01 8, 'and they' (cf. on vili. A, 1, 16, for this usage
of 6 when followed by //,eV or 5e), i.e., the men on the bank,
though in 1. 14 and 1. 15 only one man is mentioned.
20. KareVXao-cv, the ' gnomic ' aorist, to be translated in
English by the present tense ; see on ix. (c) 1. 13.
IV.
STORY OF MYCERINUS.
1. TOV irarpos. Cheops by name, who closed all the
temples and terribly oppressed his subjects by forcing them
to give up their usual occupations (pya in 1. 3), in order to
carry on enormous building operations of his own.
6, 7. TTpcoTov "... ^jp|v ... d-rroOavovo-a, 'the death of his
daughter first began his troubles,' lit. * his daughter having
died.' Cf. urbs capta = ' the capture of the city.'
13. iron-poos. Chephren, who succeeded his brother Cheops,
and followed his bad example.
23. cos KaTa-KKpi(j,6Vcov ... TOVTWV. For d>s with the geni-
tive absolute see on vin. B, 3, 1. 15 ; the force of it here is
' feeling, or recognising that this fate had now been absolutely
decreed against him,' i.e., he saw that it was no use to expos-
tulate further in the hope of obtaining a reprieve.
24. iroiT]<rd|Avos. Notice the force of the middle voice,
'getting made for his use.'
25. 6-rrcos yfyvoiTo vv|, 'whenever night came on.' The
optative expresses indefinite frequency in the past.
27. Wo, "yfjs K.T.A., 'wherever in the land he heard that
there were the most suitable places for revelry.' 7775 is a
partitive genitive, i'vq. -y^s being equivalent to our ' where on
earth.' The optative Trwddvoiro is again one of indefinite
frequency in past time.
64 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
29, 30. ot ... "ycvoiTo, dativus commodi, 'that there might
be for him/ 'that he might have.'
V.
STORIES OF AMASIS.
(a.)
1. 'Airpiou wSe Ka0Tjp. The Egyptians had revolted against
King Apries, and when he sent his officer Amasis to persuade
them to return to their allegiance, the rebels suddenly offered
to make Amasis their king. He assented to this, defeated
Apries who was supported by his mercenaries, and succeeded
to the throne. He was anxious to deal mercifully with the
captive monarch, but was forced to sacrifice him to the anger
of the Egyptians, who put him to death.
1, 2. To. .., irpwra, adverbial, more commonly Trpurov,
without the article.
3, 4. &T . . . 6vT<x, ' inasmuch as he was. ' See vocab. are.
4. (XToL 8 crocfna, etc., 'but afterwards by skilful dealing
instead of indiscretion he won them over.'
6. &XXa T d-yaOd ptvp. KCU, ' he had, beside a host of other
fine possessions, a golden, etc.' See on xi. B, 1, 1. 23.
8. KaraK6\|/as, ' cutting to pieces ' ; Kara compounded with
a verb often has an intensifying force, lit. 'right down to
the end.' In English on the contrary we speak of 'cut-
ting up.'
14, 15. V6jxotv ... IvairovttoivTO ... o-epoivro, optative be-
cause the relative clause in which the verbs occur is in
oratio obliqua. Before ro're O-^OLVTO we must supply OP
from es 6V.
&|>T] Xe^ycov, ' he went on to say. '
16. avnrbs ... irc'irpcrycvaL, nominative with the infinitive as
referring to the subject of the principle verb. Notice that
when a verb has a second or strong perfect it is regularly
intransitive. Thus TreTrpaya = I have fared ; TrtTrpaxa, ' I have
done, or transacted.' Cf. oXwXa, I have perished; 6Act>Ae/ca,
'I have destroyed.'
17- i't], optative because in oratio obliqua.
NOTES. 65
(b.)
3. jAc'xpi TrXirjOovo-. cryopds, 'until the filling of the market, 'a
technical term for one of the four divisions of the day, which
are elsewhere given by Herod, as follows, 6p0pos, the early
morning ; dyopds TrXyOoi'xTrjs (or Tr\rj6vov<Tr}s), forenoon ; /uLearjfjL-
(3pia, noontide ; aTro/cAij/o/xeV?; -fyue/xz, the decline of the day.
4, 5. TO d/rrb rovSc, 'thenceforth,' adverbial.
9. irpoxKrTTjKas = 7rpo-eaT?7/cas. TO &-y av 4>X.avpov, ' too much
frivolity,' 'an excess of frivolity.' Adverbs preceded by the
article are often employed in Greek as if they were adjectives,
e.g. oi vvv tivdpes, ' the men of the present day ' ; 6 irplv xpovos,
'the former time.'
10, 11. xp"n v TTpo-TTciv, 'you ought to transact (but you
don't), ' lit. 'It would be your duty (if you did what was right) ',
for xPW >< TrpdrTciv is really the apodosis of an unfulfilled
condition, the protasis being implied ; the particle &i>, which
is almost invariably required in such cases, is usually omitted
with the imperfects xprfv (or exprjv), tdei, and a few other
verbs.
13. 4JKOVS. Intransitive, see Vocab. CLKOVU.
19, 20. TO |Xpos, adverbial, 'in turn.'
4. ^K\iTTV &v, fj-yov &v, ' he used to steal,' 'they used to
bring him,' etc. The imperfect or aorist indicative are some-
times used with &v, in what is called an ' iterative ' sense,
i.e. to express repeated action in the past. It is supposed
that the construction is the protasis of a conditional sentence
of the type employed to express unfulfilled condition, thus,
tTrpa^a av - ' (If I ever had had a chance) I would have done it,'
i.e. 'I did it whenever I got the chance,' 'I constantly did it.'
In such cases the imperfect is distinguished from the aorist
as implying that the repeated action is also continuous ; thus
K\eirTv &v 7repu<J)v, ' he used to go round on a thieving raid.'
9. 'Eirel . . . pao-\uo-. 'When he had become king,' see
on vin. B, 3. 1. 10, and compare the succeeding words 6Voi
12. cos ... ofariv, 'regarding them as,' etc. Of. on vin. B,
3, 1. 15.
66 TALES FKOM HERODOTUS.
VI.
STORY OF ARION THE LYRIC POET.
1. 'Aptoov. See Vocabulary of proper names.
Ki0apo>86s, derived from Kiddpa (whence the word 'guitar') 'a
lyre,' and adeiv 'to sing,' signifies 'one who sings to the lyre,'
hence 'a lyric poet,' for in early times such poets not only
composed poems capable of being set to music, but composed
the music also, and sang their own songs to the lyre.
TOV iroXvv TOV xpdvov, ' the greater part of his time.' Notice
the usage, partly adjectival, partly substantival, of TroXta and
also of TJfjLtavs accompanied by the article ; they are sub-
stantival inasmuch as they have a noun in the genitive case
(TOV xpovov in this instance) dependent upon them ; and they
are also adjectival since they agree in gender with their noun,
e.g., 77 TroAA.77 TT)S vrjaov., 'half the island,' TO TJ^KTV TOV ret^ous,
'half the wall.'
2. IlepioivSpa). See Vocab. of proper names. A favorable
feature in the government of the Greek tyrants was the
patronage they afforded to literature and art, and to poets in
particular. Periander at Corinth, Polycrates at Samos,
Pisistratus and his sons at Athens, Hiero at Syracuse, enter-
tained the most distinguished poets of their day at their
courts.
3. 'IraXiav T Kal SiKeXtav. In visiting these countries
Arion was not going among a foreign people. For the coasts
of Sicily and of Southern Italy were lined with cities founded
by colonists from Greek states, and it was among these Greek-
speaking cities that Arion displayed his poetical and musical
talents. So numerous and important were these colonies in
Southern Italy that the whole region acquired the name of
Magna Graecia.
6. ovSdfiots. This word is frequent in Herodotus, but is
not employed in later Greek authors, who use ovdeves in a
similar manner.
12, 13. ri\v Tax.icrrrjv, adverbial accusative, supply 656>
'the quickest way,' 'as quickly as possible.'
21. vdjiov TOV 6p0iov, 'the Orthian Nome.' The N6/^os or
Nome was the name of a particular kind of religious song,
NOTES. 67
accompanied by the lyre, and appropriated to the worship of
Apollo. The 'Orthian Nome ' was one written in a particular
kind of metre known as the 6pdcos.
22. ws 6t\6, 'just as he was,' the verb being used in its
intransitive signification, as in the phrase CLVCLKUS ei%ez/ below
in 1. 29.
25. o>s Xe'-yovcri, ' as they (indefinite) say,' ' as the story goes.'
29, 30. 'fis 8c dpa irapfjcrav, ' when, they really came.' Arion
had no doubt declared, in confirmation of his story, that the
sailors would soon arrive at Corinth ; but Periander did not
believe him, so that the particle dpa is appropriate, implying
as it frequently does that a thing happens contrary to
expectation. Cf. on vm. A, 3, 1. 3.
31, 32. -jrcpl 'IraXiav, 'somewhere in Italy,' implying that
he was travelling round from city to city.
VII.
STORY OF EUENIUS.
(a.)
I. TjXiou Trpdpara, flocks sacred to the sun are mentioned in
several passages in early Greek writers, in one of which they
are said to number 350, corresponding perhaps to an old
reckoning of the days of the year.
4. eviavTov, accus. of duration of time.
4, 5. 7Tpl iroXXov 8^| TTOIOVVTCU, ' esteem very highly. ' See
on xi. B, 2, 1. 10.
II. t\ criyrj. The verb is of course intransitive, 'kept in
a state of silence,' ' held his peace.'
14. inra'Ya'yovTCS . . . t>irb SiKacr. We say ' before ' the court,
or judge, and in Greek the more common preposition is els,
but VTTO is employed in this passage somewhat as sub in the
Latin ( sub judice,' 'under the consideration or decision of the
judge.'
(M
1. 'Eirel ^Tv<j>Xcoo-av, pluperfect signification, cf. on viu.
B, 3, 1. 10.
2. <r<|>i, dativus commodi, 'did not bear for them.'
68 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
5. ol 0oi, used for the priest or priestess at the oracles
who were supposed to speak the words with which the god
inspired them. It is mentioned onx. ad fin. , that the authorities
presiding over the oracles were usually staunch upholders of
morality, etc. ; similarly in this instance they condemn the
blinding of Euenius as cruel and excessive.
7. ov -irpdrepov T. re is placed third instead of second,
because ov -n-porepov form practically a single word.
8. irplv dv with the subjunctive = ' until,' is only used after
a negative clause.
(e.)
1. $\v (i\ovra, transl. ' on the possession of which.'
2. With irpotfOco-av ( = 7rpo-^0(Tav) understand TO, x/^cm^ta
as object, 'Consigned them to certain citizens to carry out.'
3. <n|>i, dativus commodi, 'for the Apolloniates.'
5. Karepcuvov <ruX.\inrov|ivoi, ' they went on to condole. '
The verb Kar^aivov implies that they at length approached
the subject which they really wanted to discuss, the preposi-
tion Kard expressing metaphorically gradual descent to a
point aimed at.
5, 6. ravTTj vircrya/yovTCS, 'leading him on in this manner.'
ravr-rj is adverbial, 65< being understood, 'by this way.' inrb
compounded with a verb very often, as in this case, implies
secrecy or deception.
16. Seiva TroiiTo, ' regarded it as a shameful concern ' ;
for deiva see on xii. 1. 11.
17. s |airaTt]0is, ' feeling that he had been cheated ' ;
see on vin. B., 3, 1. 15.
18. 2|j.<|>vTov (JiavT., ' a naturally-inspired power of prophecy,'
in contrast to the same power acquired by education in the
technicalities of signs and omens.
VIII.
STORY OF CYRUS.
A. INFANCY OF CYHUS.
1. M<ryo>v. The Magi formed the priesthood of the Medes.
They retained their priestly functions even after the Persians
NOTES. 69
had secured the dominion, although they were ardent sup-
porters of the Medes during the struggle for supremacy.
The English word ' magic ' is derived from their name since
they claimed to possess supernatural powers.
6. Towx8, ' such things as follow ' ; whereas roiavra means
'such things as mentioned.' There is the same distinction
between rdde and Tavra, <35e and OUTWS, etc.
7. irpcL-yixa 8 &v irpocrOw, ' whatever task I shall impose upon
you.' The relative is accompanied by &v and followed by the
subjunctive to express futurity. We might have had simply
6 7rpoa-ri6r}/jLL, i.e. ' the particular task I am now imposing on
you ' ; but the king wishes to prepare Harpagus beforehand,
as it were, for some unpleasant mission.
8. 4s crcavTov, 'to your own house,' understand OLKLOLV, or
some similar word. This is a familiar construction not only
in Greek but also in English, e.g. *I went to Mr. Thompson's,'
'I was at Mr. Thompson's.'
9. |iToi. Adverbial ; see vocab.
10. <|>uXov, supply cm (Toi, 'If it is pleasing to thee.'
10, 11. XP"H 8^1 TO y [xbv {rmf]pTci<r6cu. 'It is surely right
that my service should be performed,' etc. A peculiar usage
of virypeTelv in the passive, which is hardly to be imitated.
13. TCL olicia. Both Greeks and Romans were fond of using
a plural word to signify the collection of buildings which
together made up a rich man's 'house.' Cf. aedes in Latin,
and the custom of employing domus, sedes, etc., in the plural.
The word for 'house : in Attic Greek is ^ oitia.
16. 'O 8. Notice that before pev and 5e, 6, rj, TO, can stand
alone without a noun. In such cases it is not the definite
article, but a demonstrative pronoun, 'he, she, it,' etc. This
is indeed its original meaning, its usage as a definite article
'the' not being found in early Greek literature.
16, 17. Ov8' 6l...ovK. In such cases the second negative
repeats and strengthens the first ; it must, however, be
omitted in translation, since of course in English two nega-
tives cancel each other and are equivalent to an affirmative.
20. avTw (AOL. Observe the distinction between this form
and efjLavToj. The latter is the reflexive pronoun, referring to
70 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
the subject of the verb, whereas avrq> /JLOL is simply the em-
phatic ' me myself. '
24. TO VTv0v, adverbial ' in the future. '
Ijxoi. Dative with dcr0aXeias, ' security to myself,' 'my own
security.'
26, 27. TivcL TV 'Ao-T., 'one of Astyages' servants.'
2.
1, 2. POVKO\OV TLVOL TWV 'Ao-T., 'a certain herdsman from
among the servants of Astyages.'
7. OTTOS dv Stcu^OapciTj. To express purpose after a primary
tense OTTWS may be used with the subjunctive or sometimes
with the future indicative. In this passage the place of the
future indicative is taken by the optative with ai>, a con-
struction which expresses futurity of a less distinct or certain
nature, and which is really the apodosis of a conditional
sentence, some sort of protasis being always expressed or
implied. In many cases where there is no uncertainty at all,
and where in English we use the simple future indicative,
Greek is fond of using the vague or uncertain construction
(i.e. the optative with #i>), especially in reference to anything
unpleasant. Translate, * so that he may be likely to perish
as soon as possible.' In this case the protasis or condition
implied is something of this kind, ' If nothing unforeseen
should happen.'
10. KKl(XVOVj Supply TO TraL^LOV.
2. Ti\v avrrjv 68dv. Cognate accusatives after ^'et, * he went
the same way.'
3. &pa (which must be carefully distinguished from frpa)
usually implies that something happens contrary to expec-
tation. It may often be translated 'so then,' or 'after all,'
but in this and other passages we must use some such phrase
as 'strange to say,' or 'It so chanced that.'
7. 8 JJLTJ ISetv w<^\ov, 'that which I would that I had not
seen.' "O0eXo^, lit. 'I ought,' is used with the present and
aorist infinitive to express a wish which cannot be fulfilled.
The present and aorist infinitive '(usually distinguished merely
NOTES. 71
as ' continuous ' and ' momentary ' respectively) have in this
case the full temporal force of present and past time, the
former implying a wish that something could take place now,
the latter that something had happened on a past occasion.
O!KOS |iv -iras, /c.r.X. It is rare to find a sentence in Greek
not introduced by some connecting particle, such as yap or
de. In this instance the description is rendered more graphic
by its omission.
13, 14. l'-q ... TToi^a-atjJii. The optative is employed because
the herdsman is repeating Harpagus' words in oratio obliqua.
17. s &pa, 'that it was actually,' etc. Cf. above on 1. 3.
18. tfSc, not ofrros, because he has not yet shown the child.
Cf. on 1, 1. 6.
3. Xa,po|JLVT] TCOV yova.Twv TOV dvSpoS; not 'clasping the
knees of her husband,' but 'clasping her husband by the
knees.' AafStadat, in this sense takes the genitive both of the
person and of the part taken hold of.
4, 5. OVK &)yq otos T etvai, ' said he was not able. ' OVK,
which really negatives the dependent clause, is always
attached to (fry/mi in this way, so that ou (f>r)juLi acquires the
sense of the Latin nego, 'I deny.' In Greek composition
(f)T]/jLi ... OVK should be avoided, just as dico .. non in Latin.
7. lav JJITJ irot^a-T). Strictly speaking the optative is re-
quired, since the whole sentence is dependent on the past
tense &?? ; but the employment of the mood actually used in
oratio recta by the herdsman adds life and reality to the nar-
rative. Such constructions are very common in Greek.
9. wSc, 'thus,' referring to what follows; ourws, 'thus,'
referring to what has gone before. Cf. on 1 , 1. 6.
10. ircura ava/yKT], supply earl, 'it is absolutely necessary.'
14, 15. oih- fjfxiv ...&TTCU, 'we shall have adopted an ex-
cellent plan,' lit. 'it will not have been badly planned by us,'
/3epov\v/jLvov e'crrcu being used impersonally.
1 4. T||J.IV. The agent is expressed in Greek by the dative case
after the perfect or future-perfect passive, and after the ver-
bals in -re'os, -reov in other cases by vwb with the genitive.
72 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
26, 27. cISc 8ux TOVTCDV, ' had him seen by means of them. '
Of. above, 1,1. 24, KreiveL bC e^oO, ' is having him put to death
by my agency.' Similarly in English we can say, ' He did it
by proxy.'
B. THE BOYHOOD OF CYRUS.
1.
1. ScKaerrjs. In Attic Greek this word signifies not ' ten
years old,' but 'ten years long.'
4. TOV TOV PODK. 4-iriK. iratSa, * the son of the herdsman as
he was called.' eiriKXrjffiv, an adverbial accusative (see Vocab. ).
6, 7. 6<j>0a\fibv pacriXews, evidently a familiar oriental
expression, implying a confidential servant used by the king
for secret inspection of his subjects and kingdom. The Lexicon
states that a Chinese state-paper of 1834 speaks of the British
superintendent as * the Barbarian eye. :
7. s, which can hardly be translated, accompanies phrases
implying distribution.
13. en-el Taxi(rTa, ' as soon as ever ' ; Latin, quum primum.
15. s t)(, see Vocab. %w.
2.
7, 8. TavTd TOVTOV liroiTjcra, 'treated him in this manner.'
In this sense iroieiv can take a double accusative : but in Attic
Greek it is more usual to find an adverb and the accusative
of the person only, thus /ca/ccDs or eft Troieiv TLVOL.
12. Is 8, 'until,' lit. 'until which (time).'
16. avcryva><ris, 'recognition.' In Attic its signification is
' reading ' ; for ' recognition ' dvayvupLcris is used.
16, 17. 6 x. a P a KTT|p ... lavrov, 'the character of the boy's
features appeared to resemble his own' (Astyages'), lit. 'to
resemble him.' Similarly Byron writes
" There be none of Beauty's daughters
With a magic like thee,"
meaning like thine.
17. Trpocr<t>p<r0ai, 'to resemble.' This usage is only found
in Herod., but the adjective TT poo-fa prjs, 'resembling,' is not
uncommon.
NOTES. 73
23. ravra ironrjo-a), ' I will settle this matter.'
24. irefATTCi, ' sends away. ' 'ATroTreyaTrei is more usual in this
sense.
26. 'Eircl ... vm-cXcXciiTTO. The pluperfect with e-n-ei, cos,
eTretdr), meaning ' after,' is not nearly so common as the aorist,
and the construction should not be imitated.
27. rdSe, 'the following questions.'
30. OVK &|>T|. Cf . above on A, 4, 1. 4.
31. dfAaXc-ycov. . .crrj|jiaiv, 'while saying these words, he at the
same time gave a sign, etc.' In such cases Greek usually
connects ct/xa with the participial clause, while in English the
corresponding adverb is taken with the principle verb..
35. avrdv, i.e. Astyages.
3.
1. TOV (BovKoXov ... K<|>rjvavTos, probably not genitive abso-
lute, but simply dependent on \6yoi>, ' took less account of
the herdsman, after he had revealed the truth.'
8. 'tva jx-fj X < yxH <vos aXi<rKt]Tcu, ' that he might not be
confuted and detected (in deception).'
10. -fJKovtrcv. This aorist should be translated by the
English pluperfect. The distinction between these two past
tenses is by no means always observed in Greek, especially
with cos, 'after,' eVet5^, etc. Cf. above on 2, 1. 26.
12. XeyoDv 009, "irpi<rTi /c.r.X." The conjunctions cos and
6Vi are used to introduce oratio obliqua, corresponding to the
English 'that.' They are, however, not uncommonly used,
as in the present passage, to introduce oratio recta 'also, and
in such cases they must be omitted in translation.
15, 16. *Hs ... [X0crTT]Kvias. 'fis is often attached in this
manner to the participle to imply that the statement is not
necessarily one of fact but of conception. It may be ren-
dered 'thinking that,' 'on the ground that,' or in some cases
' on the pretence that. '
16, 17. TOVTO [ilv ... TOVTO 8, adverbial ; see Vocab.
18, 19. irdpicrOt \LOI eirl Seiirvov. Notice that napei/mi, strictly
speaking 'I am present,' is often, as in this instance used in
the sense of 'I come to,' and therefore can be followed by els
or eiri with the accusative, as if it were a verb of motion.
74 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
21, 22. ot els 8. ryc-y., ' had turned out well for him.' 01,
dativus commodi.
22. TTJV Ta\icrTT]v, adverbial ; see Vocab.
24. 4s 'A(TTv<ryovs. See above on A, 1, 1. 8.
4.
11. 8 pov\rai avraiv. The present indicative used for
purposes of graphic description, where we should expect the
optative, as being in oratio obliqua. Similarly 6 &v with the
present subjunctive is used in 1. 16, after <pr}. Cf. above on
A, 3, 1. 7. AflTtDi', partitive genitive, ' whatever parts of
them he wished.'
5.
1. SIKTJV TdijTTjv. Attic prose would require ratiryv rty
8iKr)v, unless we can regard dlK-r^v as in apposition to Tavryv
('he imposed this as a punishment '), in which case the article
could not be used.
1, 2. Kvpov ... irpi. Remember that when dissyllabic pre-
positions are placed after their noun, the accent is thrown
back from the last to the first syllable.
4. 6-jTT) ^Kpivav. Strictly speaking we should expect the
optative in a dependent question, but eKpivav represents the
mood and tense actually employed by Astyages in oratio recta.
Cf. on 4, 1. 11.
Tatrra = ra aura, * the same as before. '
5. XP^ V ^ v > transl. ' it ivould have been necessary,' the
sentence being one of unfulfilled condition in past time. The
imperfect XPW has often, as in this instance, to do duty for
the aorist, since the latter tense is wanting.
7. "Eo-ri re ... Kal irpiCTTi, < the boy lives and has survived,'
i.e., he is still alive in spite of my efforts to get rid of him.
19. T[J cravrov fioipa. The instrumental dative, as if Treptet,
1 you survive ' were a passive verb = ' you are saved.'
20. i'0i \a,tpwv. The participle of xalpw is constantly used
in this way, especially with the verb dTraXXdrro;, signifying not
so much * rejoicing' as * unharmed,' ' with impunity.'
21. 22. ov Kara MIT., ' not after the standard of,' ' of a very
different kind to.'
NOTES. 75
C. THE MANHOOD OF CYRUS.
6. dve'imOev, 'kept urging them.' The preposition 'Avd
(properly 'upon' or 'up') when compounded with TrelOu
implies that the persuader has a difficult task. Our ex-
pression 'uphill work' perhaps illustrates the force of the
Greek preposition. The task of Harpagus was naturally a
difficult one, since he had to persuade the Mecles not only to
revolt against their king, but to do so in favour of Cyrus, a
member of the rival Persian race. The same word is used in
1. 9, of Cyrus persuading the Persians, since it was no easy
matter to induce a race to rebel which had for so long been
used to the ascendancy of the Medes.
9. dvcnreicrci. Notice the employment of the indicative in
place of the optative, and cf. note on B, 5, 1. 4.
13. &|>T| Xe-ywv, 'he went on to say' (lit. 'he said in his
speech ').
14. &CCUTTOV x.ovra, accusative in apposition to fytfis the
implied subject of the infinitive irapeivai. Similarly in 1. 19
XeXouytteVous, for which we might have expected the dative in
agreement with avrols, is in the accusative to agree with the
subject implied in n-ape'ivai.
19. 4s Tqv tio-Tpaav, 'on the next day.' In expressions
of time Is (or els) implies some future occasion and usually
signifies 'until.' Properly speaking it retains that meaning
here, for they were to wait until the morrow, and then come.
24, 25. eirel curb Seitrvov fjcrav, ' when they had finished
dinner,' a favourite idiom in Herodotus.
27. TroXv elvcu TO fxetrov, 'the difference was great indeed.'
TO fj.e<rov, lit., 'the space between,' 'the interval.'
28. ircLVTa ax|>i KCLKO, 2x iv > 'brought to them (lit. had for
them) all sorts of evils.' 20t, a shortened form of 0-0t<rt,
is not Attic.
33. ^xovcriv. Dat. plural, referring to v/uv.
2. TjXcvOcpovvTO. The full force of the middle (not passive)
voice, and of the imperfect tense must be given in translation.
' Set about freeing themselves.'
76 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
3, 4. lirvOcTo Kvpov TTpaTTovTci, ' learnt that Cyrus was
doing.' Remember that after verbs of perceiving, knowing,
ascertaining, etc., the participial construction is used in Greek,
and not the accusative with the infinitive.
6. |3bvXT}<rTcu, the indicative, the mood of the oratio recta,
in place of the optative, the proper mood of the oratio obliqua ;
cf. on B, 4, 1. 11.
10. TOV Xoyov, ' the secret,' 'the conspiracy.'
23. 4s 8, ' until,' lit. 'up to which (time).'
IX.
SOLON AND CROESUS.
The writings of Herodotus are full of references to the
instability of human fortune ; and he dilates upon this story
of Croesus as a crowning instance. " Within a few weeks the
prosperous and puissant monarch, master of untold treasures,
ruler over thirteen nations, lord of all Asia from the Halys
to the sea, was a captive and a beggar, the miserable dependant
upon the will of a despot whose anger he had provoked. Such
a catastrophe had something in it peculiarly calculated to
excite the feelings of the Greeks." (Rawlinson's Herod.,
vol. I., p. 382.)
It is, of course, very doubtful whether Solon really visited
Croesus, but it is generally acknowledged to have been
possible chronologically. In any case the interest of the
story does not depend on its historical correctness.
(a.)
1. 'EKS-rjfj^rjo-as 6 2oXa>v. See Vocab. of proper names, SdXwy.
4, 5. ircptfj'yov Kara TOVS GTJO-., ' led him all round the
treasures.' /card, lit. 'downwards,' is frequently used with
the accusative to express ' up and down,' ' all over,' e.g., Kara
TTOVTOV, Kara TT\V irb\iv.
9. vvv ijiepos eirf]X0 |i, ' a desire has just now come upon
me.' This is one of not a few cases where we are obliged to
translate the Greek aorist (accompanied by certain adverbs of
time) by the 'perfect with have,' and not by the English
preterite. Cf. ^77 etdes in 11. 9, 10, 'you have already seen.'
TToAAci/as eWov, 'I have often seen.' "lyuepos is chiefly poetical ;
irL0v/j.ia is the common word for ' desire ' in Greek prose.
NOTES. 77
9, 10. circpeoTciv ci' TWO, .. ctScs, ' to ask whom you have by
this time seen,' etc. Et rts, lit. ' if anyone,' is not unfrequently
used in the sense of the dependent interrogative ocrm, ' who.'
10. 'EXiritov tvcu, 'thinking himself to be.' 'J&Xirlfav,
usually 'to hope', frequently signifies merely 'to expect,'
whether of good or evil. It also comes to mean ' to imagine,
deem, consider,' just as we often say in English, 'I expect
thafc is so. ' ; To hope to be ' would require the future infinitive.
12. TO) 8vn, ' the real truth.'
15-17. TOVTO jxev . . . TOVTO 8e. Adverbial. 'In the first
place in the second place. '
16. KdXoi re K<rya6ot. The phrase Ka\6s re Kayados, KCL\OS
K&yados, or even as a single word Ka\oKaya66s, was used to
imply the possession of all the qualities requisite in a gentle-
man. Hence ol KaXoKayadoi often denoted simply members of
the upper classes, whether they possessed the qualities implied
by the term or not. The same is the case with the Latin
optimates, and the Greek ol apio-Toi, ' the aristocracy ' (lit. the
best men). The reverse process has taken place with the
word 'Gentlemen,' which from signifying simply men of good
birth or family (gens, a tribe or clan) has come to imply rather
the possession of certain good qualities supposed to be
characteristic of such persons.
19. TOVS d(m>YiTovas. Perhaps the Megarians, with whom
the Athenians carried on a long warfare during the lifetime of
Solon.
20. dire'Oave, 'he perished,' or, 'was slain.' The passive of
cLiroKrdvw is never used in good Greek prose, and its place is
supplied by dwoOvrjo-KO}.
(b.)
2. i'Sot. N.B. The optative, like the past tenses of the
Latin subjunctive, is regularly used in an interrogative clause
dependent on a past tense.
5. ToidSe, i.e., such as I am about to describe ; cf. on vm.
A, 1, 1. 6.
KCU 8^) Kat. This combination of particles is frequently
used in introducing some additional fact on which greater
emphasis is laid than on what has preceded. 'Arid moreover
this story in particular, ' etc.
78 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
7, 8. rfjv fxi]Tpa avrwv. She was the priestess of Hera, as
we learn from other sources.
10. {uroSuvTcs. Notice that the strong aorist of the verb
5vu has always the middle meaning.
15. %ivov cfrj T9vdvcu jxcLXXov /c.T.X. Strictly speaking
/ULCL\\OV is unnecessary after the comparative a^eivov ; but the
word a/jL^ivov, like the Latin saepius, was so often used almost
in a positive sense (cf. XIL, 1. 9, ov yap ajmcLvov = it is not well)
that /uid\\ov became almost necessary to impart the full com-
parative signification. These gloomy views about the miseries
of existence seem to have been prevalent among many of the
Greeks living about the time of Solon. They are not found
in the earliest known Greek literature, the poems of Homer,
and they are in no wise prominent in the great writers of
the fifth century B.C., such as Pindar and the dramatic poets.
17, 18. r-fjv [At]Tpa (IfxciKapi^ov) olW K.T.A., 'congratulated
the mother for being possessed of such children,' lit. * for what
sort of children she possessed.'
24. iroiT)<roji.Voi. Notice the middle 'made for themselves,'
or perhaps ' got made for themselves ' (cf. diddffieeffdcu, to get
some one taught, as distinct from diddo-Keiv, to teach).
25. dvSpwv ... yvojj,vwv. Not genitive absolute, but in
apposition to CLVT&V.
(c.)
3. TO |u)Sfev. Often used of what is practically worthless.
It is commonly said that ov negatives facts, and /my conceptions ;
thus TO ovdev would signify that which is absolutely non-
existent, while TO fjLrjdev is that which is conceived to be as
good as nothing.
6, 7. eiruTTcifjievov . . . ir^pi. It is convenient to turn this
sentence slightly: "Knowing well that divine power is
altogether envious (of human happiness) and disposed to bring
trouble upon us, I am questioned by thee,' etc.
11, 12. o-KOiretv rfjv T\vrf|v ... irfj a/Trop^<TTcu, 'to consider
how the end will turn out. ' When verbs of knowing, perceiving,
etc., have an interrogative sentence dependent upon them, the
subject of the dependent clause usually is first introduced as
the object of the principal verb. Thus ' I know who you are '
is in Greek Olda ere 6'<ms el (lit., I know you who you are).
NOTES. 79
12. viroSctj-as, * giving a glimpse of.' The force of vw6 com-
pounded with a verb is often that an action is done sur-
reptitiously or quietly.
12, 13. iroXXots . . . dvrp\|/, 'to many men God gives one
short glimpse of happiness, and then destroys them root and
branch.' There is another similar passage in Herod., "God,
after giving one taste of happiness in life, is found to be
envious therein (6 6eos y\vKvv yetiaas rbv aluva <f>6oi>pbs iv avr^i
evpio-Kerai &v)." Notice that the aorist dverpe^e must be trans-
lated by the present tense. It is an example of what is called
the ' gnomic ' aorist, because it was commonly employed in
general precepts or proverbs (iWyiuu). It expresses that a
thing has always happened in past instances, and continues to
do so in the present. In English we pay attention to the
latter and so use the present tense ; while the Greeks fixed
their attention on the past instances and employed the aorist.
(d.)
1. N|A<ris is ' deserved retribution,' such as the Greeks
held to be constantly brought upon a man by the gods, when
excessive prosperity had led him to pride or presumption.
Solon (p. 24, c, 1. 6) had described divine power as (pdovepov,
' envious,' implying that the gods took a malicious pleasure in
overthrowing human prosperity, whether misused or not ; he
should rather, according to the more orthodox views of the
ancients, have said ve^eaynKov, 'retributive,' implying that
the action of the gods was regulated by justice.
2. cos ciKcurcu, ' presumably ' ; an adverbial expression.
See cus in Vocab.
8. io-rom. Beginners should be cautioned against regarding
e<TTt6s as a ' syncopated ' form of earrjKus, a term sometimes
erroneously applied to it. 'Ecrrws is contracted from eo-ra-ws,
eo-ra- being the stem of the 2nd perfect, while earrjK- is that of
the 1st perfect.
8, 9. TO) KpOLO-Cp ... 0-fj\0 . . . TO TOV S. COS l'T] K.T.\. The
order for translation into English is r$ K. tariKdev ws TO roO
S. e'ltj K.T.X., 'It came into the mind of Croesus that the
(saying) of Solon, that none of living men are happy, was
uttered with divine inspiration.'
80 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
10. TO rov SdXwvos. The neuter article is attached to the
phrase ' Mydeva ... 6X/3ioj/,' this being treated as a single
substantive ' the (statement that) no one,' etc.
12. !K iroXXijs TJCT. , 'after a long silence.'
PLCTCL, adverbial. See Vocabulary.
16. X9oi ,,. onro(J>Xavpt<ri, ... d-TropepTjKoi.. Be careful to
give the force of these tenses in translation, remembering that
in oralio obliqua the tenses of the optative or infinitive have
the same time-force as the corresponding tenses of the
indicative, which would be employed in oratio recta. Cf. on
xix. 1. 16.
20. irap' iavTots, 'in their own eyes.'
6. TTJV Ta\i<rrt]v, 'as quickly as possible,' See Vocab.
raxfc.
14. $<rv. Impersonal; see Vocab., i/u>.
X.
REVERENCE FOR SUPPLIANTS.
1. IlaKTVTjs. Pactyes was a Lydian whom Cyrus, after he
had defeated Croesus and captured Sardis, appointed to collect
the treasure of the rich inhabitants, Pactyes, however, after
Cyrus had departed seized the opportunity of organizing a
serious revolt against the Persians. Cyrus sent back a Persian
army against him, and he was forced to fly.
4. 0ov TOV 4v BpcryxiScus. The god was Apollo ; and
splendid ruins still remain at Branchidae of the temple here
mentioned.
8. jxeXXotcv. The optative is regularly used in interrogative
sentences which are dependent on a verb in past time. Notice
that the future infinitive is the proper construction in prose
after
13. &TX. p.'fi iroiTJcrai-, 'withheld the Cymaeans from doing.'
Verbs expressing prevention, or denial, doubt, refusal, etc. , are
usually followed, not by the simple infinitive, but by the
infinitive accompanied by the negative JULTJ which must not be
translated in English. In such cases the Greeks had in their
NOTES. 81
minds, not the action which is prevented, but the negative
result attained.
15. cs 8, ' until,' lit. until which (time). Cf. es rode in 1. 22.
18.* IK TTCIVTWV, ' on behalf of them all,' lit. (chosen as
spokesman) 'out of them all.'
27- K irpovoias, ' of aforethought,' ' designedly.' e/c is often
used with a substantive, or its equivalent, in place of a simple
adverb, e.g., IK rov tjULfiavovs = /m<j)ai>&s, 'openly.' Closely
analogous is the usage of our ' of ' in adverbial phrases such
as 'of course,' 'of one's own accord,' ' of malice prepense.'
29. dXXa ocra ... yevi\. In translation 76/77 must be taken
with &\\a but in Greek, as in Latin, the antecedent is very
frequently placed in the relative clause, instead of outside it
as in English.
This story illustrates for us the fact that the oracles of the
Greeks, whatever their shortcomings, staunchly maintained,
in early times at any rate, the highest principles in the code
of Greek morality and religion. Cf. on vn. b, 1. 5.
XI.
CAPTURES OF BABYLON.
A. CAPTURE BY CYRUS.
The river Euphrates flowed right through the centre of
Babylon, and Queen Nitocris, according to Herodotus' account,
carried on extensive operations both for the improvement of
the river banks, and to secure easy communication between
the two portions of the city. First of all she had an enormous
hollow basin excavated at the side of the river above the city.
She then had blocks of stone and burnt brick placed in readi-
ness along the banks within the city. This done, the stream
of the Euphrates was diverted into the basin, or hollow
lake, so that the channel in the city below might be
temporarily left dry. The w.orkmen immediately set about
constructing an embankment along each side of the river in
the city, and a large stone bridge to connect the two divisions
of the town. So long did the lake take to fill, and so rapid
were the operations of the men, that they, had concluded
their task before the river had returned to its ordinary
channel.
82 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
Such is the account given by Herodotus, and it has been
mentioned here to enable readers to understand the stratagem
by which Cyrus captured Babylon.
5. criTia TWV . . . uoXXwv, 'pro visions for many years.''
10, 11. 6rav ... i'Swori. The construction of the oratio recta
is retained, instead of being converted to the ore ... Wow of
oratio obliqua. Cf. on viu. A, 3, 1. 7.
17. err' avTtp TOVTO>, ' f or this very purpose.' With this
usage of eTTi, lit. 'on,' we may compare the English phrase,
'on this errand,' 'on this mission,' etc.
23. TCLS iruXiScis, the gates set where gaps were left in the
masonry of the embankments, to admit of approach to the
river from the streets.
30. loprrj. It is generally supposed that this refers to the
feast of Belshazzar, described in Dan. c. v. There is, however,
some degree of uncertainty about the matter.
TOVTOV TOV xpdvov, 'during all this time.'
B. RE-CAPTURK OF BABYLON BY DARIUS.
11.
Cyrus was succeeded by his son Cambyses, but on the death
of the latter, the Medes obtained a temporary ascendancy
under one of the Magi, who pretended to be Smerdis, a
brother of Cambyses. The Persians eventually recovered their
supremacy, and Darius, a Persian of high rank, became king.
During these discussions however, the Babylonians found an
opportunity for a well-prepared rebellion, which, as we read in
this passage, was only repressed with the greatest difficulty.
10, 11. <j>povTiovTas ov8ev etc. Their confidence on this, as
on the former occasion, arose from the strength of their
fortifications. In ancient times any tolerably well-fortified
city, carefully guarded, seems to have been practically im-
pregnable ; and starvation or stratagem were usually the only
means by which its capture could be effected. Even the little
city of Plataea in Boeotia, with a mere handful of soldiers,
was able to resist the most vigorous attacks of a large army of
the best Greek warriors, and only submitted when the supply
of food was exhausted.
NOTES. 83
23. Kal 8f| Kal TOVTW /c.r.X., 'and indeed especially that
also,' etc. Kal following after the adverb dtXXws or any part of
aXXos accompanied by re, always lays particular emphasis on
what follows, and may be translated 'and especially.'
euros as the antecedent to 6's must often be translated not as
'this' but 'that,' e/ceu/os being less commonly employed
in this case.
2. To8, 'the following.' See on vin. A, 1, 1. 6.
5. irpos TOL . . . p'fjfxara, ' bearing in mind ' etc. , lit. ' with
reference to,' ' having regard to.'
7, 8. <rvv yap 0o> ... TCKCIV, ' for he thought that the man's
remark, together with (re ... KCL'L] the fact of his mule having
foaled pointed to the intervention of providence,' lit. 'he
thought that both that man spoke, and his mule foaled under
divine influence (cnV 0e).'
10, 11. ircpl iroXXov iroiiT<u, ' reckoned at a high value,'
'attached much importance to.' irepi is constantly employed
in phrases of this kind, and in accordance with the literal
meaning of the preposition "the notion is, strictly, that the
thing belongs to the sphere or region of great, small, etc."
(Lid. and Scott.)
23. STI HT|, 'except.' See Vocab. 6'rt.
34, 35. err' Ifiavrov paX6p.vos, 'on my own responsibility,'
lit. ' casting it over in my own mind.' The phrase is not Attic.
35. oiv [ii\ TWV crwv 8^<rrj, ' if there be nothing lacking on
thy part ' (ra ad), i.e., if you carry out properly your share in
my stratagem.
3.
2. virb <rov rdSe <fira9ov, ' I suffered this treatment at your
hands.' U7r6 with the genitive, expressing the agent, is
usually found in connection with a passive verb ; but it is
often employed with neuter' verbs also where a passive
meaning is implied ; thus ewa6ov viro = ' I was treated by,'
airtdavev V7r6= ' he was killed by.' The literal meaning of u?r6
expressing the agent is not really ' by,' but ' under the influence
of,' and thus it can accompany a neuter verb as naturally as
a passive one. For rdde, 'such as follows,' we might have
84 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
expected ravra, ' such as you have seen ' ; but the meaning
really is ' such as I shall go on to describe to them.'
6. [xoi, dativus commodi, signifying 'for my benefit.' We
can employ in this instance a similar dative in English, ' place
me the Persians against the gates ' etc.
15, 16. rd T &XXa . . ical Sfj Kal. Cf. on 1, 1. 23.
17. TO 4vTv0v, adverbial, 'as to what follows/
4. TTJV Tpav Trv\r\v, 'one of the two gates,' cf. alter con-
sidum, ' one of the two consuls.'
13. d/yaOdv, used as a substantive, 'gain,' ' benefit.'
23, 24. -rrape'Xapcv ... crvv0T|KaTo, aorists with a pluperfect
force. Cf. on viu. B, 3, 1. 10.
27,28. Ma6ovTS . . . irap\o|JLVov. 'Learning that he dis-
played deeds that matched his words.' ~M.ai>0dvw takes the
participial construction in place of the accusative with
infinitive ; cf. on vm. C, 2, 1. 3.
33. Zwirvpov ... CTTOHCUTLV, 'had the name of Zopyrus on
their lips.'
36, 37. irdvTo. 8-fj ^v, AC.T.X. 'Z. was everything to the
Babylonians.'
45. Ttov BapvXcovtav, ot p.V . . . ofrroi, ' Those of the Baby-
lonians who,' etc. Cf. note on oSrot, 1,1. 23.
2. !fcpci.TT]<r = the English pluperfect.
5. p-dXio-ra es T. , ' to the number of about 3000. '
9, 10. oflre TCOV tfcrTCpov ... O{;T TWV irporcpov, 'either of
later or of earlier times. ' ovre . . . ovre must not in this passage
be translated 'neither ... nor,' since we have already had one
negative in ovdeis. For the accumulation of negatives in
Greek, cf. on vm. A, 1, 1. 16.
13. diraOii -rfjs aUias, adjectives in which a privative forms
part of the compound are regularly accompanied by the
genitive; e.fl. KCLK&V dyevaros, ' without-a-taste-of evils'; d/x^ets
/3ap/3d/>w*', ' umnixed-with barbarians.'
NOTES. 85
15, 16. 8cSpa ... Tifxiwrara, ' (Such) gifts as are held in most
esteem among the Persians.' Notice the imperfect edidov, of
gifts renewed each year, in contrast to f5w/cei/ in the next line.
15. dvd irclv ros, distributive, 'every year.' 'A*/d, lit. 'up,'
is often used in the sense of 'from top to bottom,' hence
'throughout' any place or space of time, e.g. dvd irdaav TTJV
Tjuepav, ( all through the day.' Then by an easy transition it
comes to imply that some action in itself momentary happens
throughout a repetition of similar periods, e.g. dva irdo-av
Tjfjiepai', f every day. '
XII.
TOMB OF QUEEN NITOCRIS.
Nitocris has already been mentioned at the beginning of
the notes on No. xi. A.
3. KaTcrK\>d<raTo. The force of the preposition in this
word is worth noticing. It implies that the thing which is
spoken of as built or got ready is intended for a fixed and
permanent structure. Thus the noun Karao-Kevr} is used of
' fixtures ' in contrast to Trapaovcei;??, or ' moveable furniture
or goods.'
8. M^ cnravicras "ye, equivalent to a conditional clause, edv
ye fir] (nravLcrrj, hence w and not ov is the appropriate negative
with the participle.
9. dXXcos, ' for any other reason.'
9. ov "yelp d|ieivov, sc. e<m, ' for it is not well, 9 lit. better, but
dfjLuvov in this phrase has almost lost its comparative force.
Compare ix. b, 1. 15, note, where d/jieivov is strengthened by
fjid\\ov to give it its full comparative signification. The
expression ov ydp d^eivov was evidently a stock phrase which
had been in use probably for centuries before the time of
Herodotus, since it is found in several passages in Epic
hexameters, forming, it will be observed, the last two feet
of the line ^^ ^.
11. Kal Sctvbv .. Kdl xpTju-o/rcav K.T.X. Notice that the first
KCLL ('both ') is somewhat misplaced, as it belongs not to Seivbv
IdoKet., but to /uLr}8ev xp7}<70cu, " It seemed a great pity both to
make no use of the gates,' etc. Aetpo's (from 5&>s, ' fear ') lit.
4 fearful,' * terrible,' ' awful,' is often used in Greek literature
86 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
like these English words in their colloquial or ' slang '
signification ; so here deivov resembles such expressions as
1 an awful shame ' or * a terrible pity.' Of course, however,
it would not do to translate in this manner, since this would
be translating into English ' slang ' what the Greeks did not
regard as such at all.
14. bvSev, adverbially, 'not at all.'
15. 6n fcrcp, /c.T.A., ' because the corpse would be above his
head as he drove through. ' die^eXavvovTi - el die^Xavvev, so
that the sentence is one which implies an unfulfilled con-
dition.
19. dvo>YS, imperfect from dvoiyw (or avolyvviu}. It is
doubly augmented like eupwv from opd-w, and the aorist
from the root ' oX
XIII.
THE BABYLONIAN WIFE-MARKET.
1. Kara K(6|ias iKaarras, 'throughout,' or 'in every village. '
Kara, lit. 'down,' is often used with the accusative, like the
opposite dvd, 'up,' in the sense of 'up and down,' 'all
through,' hence clistributively of something that takes place
throughout a number of individual instances. (Cf . on xi. 5,
1. 15.) Similarly /caret /Jiiav eKao-rrjv in 1. 4= * one by one.'
2. 6<rat . . . yi - y voiVTO > the optative implies indefinite, frequency
in past time. ' As many maidens as became (each year)
ripe for marriage. ' In the next clause translate the words
in the order : ravras eajjyov es V %w. adp t OTTWS crvvay. Trdcras.
8. eirl <ruvoiK^(Ti, 'for marriage.' For this usage of e?ri',
cf. on xi. A, 1. 17.
12, 13. c Os ... 8i|\0oi, the aorist retains its pluperfect
signification with d>s (see note on vui. B, 3, 1. 20) even though
it is in the optative mood, to express indefinite frequency
(cf. on 1. 2). ' After the herald had (on each occasion) sold off
all (lit. gone through in his sale) the most beautiful,' etc.
18. |8i8ocrav, 'gave in wedlock, 'since the money by which
the beautiful brides were bought, enabled husbands in their
turn to be bought for the ugly.
NOTES. 87
XIV.
STORIES OF THE ALCMAEONID FAMILY.
2. dirb, ' from the time of,' 'after.'
9. v8is. Notice the distinction between the active IvStib)
XLTWVCL, ' I put a tunic on (someone else),' and evdtiofjLat. %n-.,
' I put it on myself.' evdtis, however, although an active form,
signifies ' having put on (himself),' because the second or
strong aorist active has the signification of the middle.
10, 11. ovs TjtfpurKV 6'vTas, 'which he found to be.' The
participle and not the infinitive, is used after evpicrKu, because
it has the force of a verb of perception. Cf. on vm. C, 2, 1. 3.
15. |XTa 8, adverbial, = ^ireira de.
TOV xp v<rov > ' having filled with the gold,' see
16. Sicnracras TOV xl/TJ-yn-aTos, ' some of the gold-dust,'
partitive genitive.
(6.)
3. ywatKa, in apposition to ravr^v, ' to bestow her as wife.'
4. 'OXvfjnrtwv ... #VTCOV, the Olympic games were a religions
festi\ 7 al in honour of Zeus. They took place every four years
at Olympia in Elis, a western district of the Peloponnese,
and they were regarded as the greatest periodical ceremony
in the Hellenic world. During their celebration all warfare
between Greek states was supposed to be in abeyance, and
the Greeks of the highest rank crowded to the performance
from every Greek city and colony around the coasts of the
Mediterranean. Consequently Cleisthenes could have chosen
no more suitable occasion for finding a distinguished husband
for his daughter.
4. VIKWV. We might have expected the aorist j/i/ofa-as,
' having conquered,' but the present VIK&V perhaps expresses
1 while celebrating his victory/ for such an event was usually
followed by a feast and thanksgiving service to a god,
accompanied by songs composed specially for the occasion
often by the best living poets.
7. os KvpwcrovTos, K.T.A., ' on the understanding that
Cleisthenes would,' etc. See on viu. B, 3 ? 1. 15,
88 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
10. jJLVT]crTfjp6s, appositional, 'came as suitors.'
11. 6 'A\Kfxauovos, supply vlos, the phrase being so common
that the noun was taken for granted. In the next line the
article also is omitted, ITTTT. Turavdpov.
15. dvcirvOcTo. The preposition avd when compounded
with a verb has an intensifying force, ' made thorough en-
quiries about.' This is easily traceable from the literal
meaning 'up,' hence ' right up to the end.'
|j.Ta 8, adverbial, = ^Tretra d.
Kare'xwv Iviavrbv, ' keeping (them) for a year. '
16. avrwv, gen. dependent on TTJS re dvdp. ... opyrjs, which
are governed by dieTreiparo, ' made a trial of. '
24. 'fls ... eSciirvqcrav, 'when they had dined,' see on vin.
3, 1. 10.
P.OVO-IKTJ, the term includes both singing and playing and even
dancing. Contests in these accomplishments were common
among the Greeks from the earliest times, and were par-
ticularly popular as an after-dinner amusement among Greek
gentlemen.
25, 26. KdTexwv TOVS dXXovs, lit. 'restraining the rest,'
probably in the sense of ' holding them spell-bound.'
28. KaC irws . . . wpxtTO, ' and he danced in a sort of
manner which gave himself great pleasure.'
34. diroo-Tvywv, /c.r.X., 'detesting the idea of Hipp, be-
coming his son-in-law,' lit. 'detesting (the thought) that H.
should become ' : SLV yevfoOat. is of course the dependent form
of &v yfroiTQ.
40. <|>POVT!S, supply e<m.
41. o-iyfjv iroiT]crdjJivos, 'having procured silence.' The
fores of the middle is that he procured silence for himself,
i.e. to make himself heard, and thus the phrase is quite
different from opyrjv or 0avima Troiob-tfcu in xv. B, 3, 1. 5
(note).
43. otdv T, to be taken together, see Vocab. 0109.
46. iracri Kara vovv iroictv, ' to act so as to suit the wishes of
everybody.' Train is the dativus commodi, ' satisfactorily for
everybody ' : or the phrase may mean ' to act according to
my own inclinations in the interest of everybody.'
NOTES. 89
XV.
EXPLORATION OF AFRICA.
A. THE PIGMIES.
These Pigmies are apparently the same race of men as that
discovered recently by Mr. Stanley in Central Africa, and
thus have probably existed in that region for thousands of
years. Mr. Stanley describes the dwarves as being about four
feet in height, or a little more, and the words of Herodotus
in 1. 32, fjLTp[wv \a<jraoi>es di>5pv, ' smaller than men of medium
size,' correspond closely enough. Had the accounts given to
Herodotus been purely fictitious, the love of the marvellous
would probably have ascribed to the Pigmies a size very
much further below that of ordinary mankind.
4. ?x.i 4>pdcrcu. 'has (anything) to say about,' etc., i.e. 'is
able to describe. ' Cf . Vocab. , ^%w.
8. CUJHKOVTO 4s Xeo'X'nv, 'fell into conversation about,' 'went
on to talk about.' ws ' (saying) that,' a verb such as A^yopres
being implied in the noun A&TX??*'.
11. irX.ov \Yiv, 'anything more than was already known,'
'anything new.'
13. clXXct T |iT]xav. ... Kcd 8<?| ical, see on xi. B, 1, 1. 23.
Transl. : 'who, among other strange objects, appointed by
lot,' etc. Notice the optatives ^Xdv^vro, dTroKXypdHreiav, due
to the relative clause being in oratio obliqua.
15. 6i|/ofi.vovs. The future participle often, as in this case,
expresses purpose, and may be rendered by the present
infinitive in English, ' to explore. '
16. TO, Kara rf|v ffopcCav 0dXa<r<rav, either ' the region that
stretches down to,' or more probably ' the region that stretches
along the Northern Sea,' Kara signifying extension up and
down (cf. on ix. a. 1. 4), xm. 1. 1. the Northern sea is of
course the Mediterranean.
19. "EXXijvcs Kol ^OIVIKCS, referring to the Greek and
Phoenician colonies on the north coast of Africa, chief of
which were respectively Gyrene and Garth age.
19, 20. TCI Ka0inrp0, adverbial accusative, 'in the regions
beyond there. '
90 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
21. \|/dfJL|ios T lo-rl, /c.r.X. Supply 7) Aipvr) as the subject of
earl. ' Libya is a sandy district and waterless to a wonderful
degree,' etc. Notice that re ... /ecu in this passage connect, not
similar parts of speech, as is regularly the case, but a noun,
\l/dfjL/uLos, and an adjective, dvvdpos, ^d/^uos being practically
equivalent to the adjective ^a/jLudodys.
25. TTJS olKovfie'vTjs, supply yys or %a>pas ; similarly with TTJV
34, 35. TO [i < y9os and xpcofia are accusative of respect, ' in
size,' etc.
39. 88i]Xco(r9. " The perfect imperative is most common
in the third person singular of the passive, where it expresses
a command that something just done or about to be done
shall be decisive and final. " (Goodwin's Moods and Tenses,
p. 33. ) Thus raurcL elp^adw = ' let this be said and no more. '
43. NctXov, partly from the fact of there being crocodiles in
it, and partly from the direction of its course from west to
east ; for Herodotus goes on to use the following curious
argument about the unknown course of the upper Nile : The
Nile, the greatest river in Africa, must correspond, he says,
to the Danube, the greatest river known to him in Europe ;
and as the Danube flows for a long distance in its upper course
from west to east, it is reasonable to conclude that the Nile
does the same. The river here spoken of is more probably
the Niger.
B. THE AETHIOPIANS.
1.1-
1, 2. TOVS MaKpopfovs AlOtoiras, merely a mythical branch
of the Aethiopian race.
2. o'lKoufie'vous Aipvrjs, /c.r.X. Ai(3vr)s is the partitive geni-
tive, ' dwelling in (that part) of Libya (which is) on the
Southern Sea.'
4, 5. 6x|/o|xvovs rf|v ... Tpa/rrctav ... cl &TTIV. The construc-
tion is equivalent to o^ofjL. el TJ ... rpdirefa ten, l to see if the
sun's table really exists.' This accusative which may be
called anticipatory is regularly used after verbs of perception ;
see on ix. (c) 1. 11. TpaTrefav is used in this passage for ' table,'
not in its literal meaning, but in the sense of 'meal.'
NOTES. 91
6. TO> Xd-yw, ' professedly, ' ' ostensibly. '
8. C H Tpdirc^a TOV rjXiov. This is the only account we have
of the so-called ' Sun's-Table.' The myth, doubtless, had no
such literal explanation as that given below by Herodotus,
but was perhaps a mere poetical fiction descriptive of the
power of the sun in the Equatorial or neighbouring regions.
10, 11. TCLS vvKTas ... TCLS ... T)[Apas. The accusative not
only expresses 'time how long,' but also, as in this case, the
time during or ivithin which.
14. TJ ... TpaTTa ... KaXovjji^vT], 'the so-called table of the
sun.'
16, 17. TCOV TX^- <xv8pv, partitive genitive, dependent on
TLvas.
18. lirel owjuKovTo, aorist for pluperfect ; see on vin. B, 3,
1. 10.
20. clfia. Gifts of clothing have always been common among
Oriental people. In the Old Testament, for instance, Naaman
bestows two changes of raiment on Gehazi, Elisha's servant.
Xpvcrovv o-Tpe-rrrov irpiav)('viov. Two adjectives are not
commonly placed in agreement with a noun unconnected by a
conjunction ; but in this instance ffrpe-nrbv is taken so closely
with irepiavx&iov that the two words form a single idea, ' a
twisted-necklace. '
21. [ivpov dXdpcuTTpov, another favourite gift among Orien-
tals, the same present being offered to Our Lord in St. Matthew
xxvi. 7, Trpoarj\6ev avrq> yvvrj e^ovaa dXd^affrpov /mvpov
(3apvTL[jiov.
23-25. VOJAOLS 8c KCU dXXois ... rouoSc, ' besides other customs
different from (those of) the rest of mankind, they employ
the following in particular in connection with the sovereignty.
For Kal aXXot? ... /cat dy /ecu, see on xi. B, 1, 1. 23; for /ce^wp.
r&v &\\wv dvdp. -Kex> T&V vb/JLUv rCov &\\wv dvdpuTrw, see on
vin. B, 2, 1. 17.
26. Kara TO jxfyeOos, ' in proportion to his stature.'
32, 33. ots . . . XP^K-^ 05 ? * i n tne use f which he too takes
special delight.'
34. KCLToiTTaL. appositional, ' as spies.'
92 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
35. O#T, /c.r.A., the negative properly belongs to /3ouX6/A6Pos,
'neither did the king send you ... because he wished.'
39, 40. otfr' &v . . . ^yev, notice the change from the aorist
eTreOvfJi'rjffe to the imperf., 'neither would he be leading into
slavery,' as if Cambyses had already begun the process, the
sending of the spies being the first step.
44. otfrws virTws, * as easily as (I do it),' for he suits the
action to the word (1.47).
45, 46. lirl vovv Tpir. AlGCoi|u, * put it into the mind of the
Aethiopians, ' lit. ' for the Aethiopians. '
2.
1. ijpTO 6ri eft]. Why optative? See on x., 1. 8.
8. cton, the mood as well as the tense of the oratio recta
is often retained in the oratio obliqua, instead of being
changed to the optative. Cf. 11. 13, 14, 17, and see on vin.
A, 3, 1. 7.
13, 14. 6ir. xp vov paKporarov, * how much time at the
longest,' or * what was the longest time that,' etc.
17. Ilpbs ravra, * thereupon.' lit. ' (in answer) to this.'
ov8^v, adverbial.
18. Koirpov, alluding of course to the manure so essential in
agriculture.
19. SvvourOai. What would this be in the oratio recta ?
20. <j>pcl(>v TOV olvov, ' referring to the wine. '
3.
5. @a|ia iroiovfiv<ov, ' manifesting surprise. ' Herodotus
frequently uses 7rote?<r0ai with a noun in this manner, when
we might have expected a verb alone, e.g. in this case
davjULafovTW. Similarly in 4, 1. 2, opy^v TroLijadfjLcvos =
opyt-crOels, i flying into a passion. ' Hoiel(r6ai has the full force
of the middle, lit. 'to create, or, arouse wonder, anger, etc.,
in oneself.'
7. w, here used impersonally, ' there was a smell from it,
as of violets.' The genitive (IW) is the usual case after verbs
relating to the senses of smell or taste.
NOTES. 93
8. #<r0V6S, lit. 'weak,' in the sense of the Latin tennis,
as the opposite of 'gross.' Thus the meaning here is
* rarified. '
12, 13. Sid TO tfSwp ... fj.aKpopi(H cU> elcv, ' they are likely to
be long-lived on account of this water,' i.e. ' this water is likely
to be, or probably is, the cause of their long life.' civ elev
expresses that the writer is uncertain not about the fact of
their long life, but as to whether it is really because of the
water.
cl <rrlv d\T]0ws, etc., ' if what is reported really is a fact.'
14. 'Airb TTJS Kp^vtjs 8e. Regularly 5^ comes second in
its clause, but the words CLTTO rrjs Kp. are so closely connected
grammatically as to form practically a single word.
16. eSeScvro, ' had been bound,' when cast into prison ; but
it is practically equivalent to the simple past tense ' were
bound,' or ' were lying bound.'
4.
2. opyfjv iroiTjcr. See on 3, 1. 5.
5. ota ... tov, 'just as if he were.' ola, adverbial.
5, 6. ws 4JKOV6. Cf. on vm. B, 3, 1. 10.
8. avTiKo. ... eireXeXoiTTCiv, the pluperfect where we might
expect the aorist represents the situation more graphically,
' suddenly (they found that) the bread had failed them.'
10, 11. ci ... Yvw<ri[i.dxi Kal OLTri\ytv ... ^v &v, In spite of
the imperfect, we must render this as an unfulfilled condition in
past time, 'if he had adopted a different resolution, and had led
his army back, he would have been,' etc. The imperfect is
used instead of the aorist because the action implies con-
tinuity.
11, 12. err! rfj ... afiaprdSi. 'E?rt is here temporal; from
'upon' it comes to mean 'following close upon,' 'behind,'
hence ' after.'
12. vvv Se, ' but as things were.'
13. ovSe'va X<ryov TTOLOI>|JLVOS = ovdev Xoyi^uez'os, 'without
taking any consideration.' Cf. above on 3, 1. 5.
94 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
XVI.
THE VICTORY OF SALAMIS.
1. s c^Tjyy&OT), aorist in pluperfect sense. Cf. on vin. B,
3, 1. 10.
2. cos &rx TO, irepl, /c.r.X., * how affairs stood with regard to,'
etc. &7"%e, intransitive.
4. cos d-rroOcvorofAcvoi. c with the intention of,' etc. See on
vin. B, 3, 1. 15.
5. TOV 'I<r0ji,oi>, the Isthmus of Corinth.
6. Kal ot, 6s is here used as a demonstrative. See Vocab.
9. l't), optative because in an interrogative clause dependent
on a past verb.
12. dpa has its force of ' contrary to expectation ' (see on
vi., 1. 29, vin. A, 3, 1. 3), thus, 'you think you are going
to fight for Greece at the Isthmus, but you will find that you
will have no fatherland at all to fight for.'
14. ^Kdo-Toi, the plural implies collective bodies of men,
4 the men of each state.'
18. dVdYvcocrdi, * to win over.' dva in this verb as in
avaweiOecrdai (vin. C, 1, 1. 6) has the force of ' winning back
to one's side or opinion.' Notice that dvayLyvdo-Ku in Attic
Greek never has this meaning, but signifies ' I read.'
3. 6\tv. In Attic prose the longer form, e0e'Xeii>, is more
usual.
5. t TL 0&i, supply \eyeiv, *if he has anything to say.'
The mood of the oratio recta is retained, instead of being
changed to the optative. Cf. on vni. A, 4, 1. 7.
6. KdTdXryci, ' goes through in detail.
10. 'Hs 8* dpd, ' and when actually.' Cf. above on 1, 1. 12.
11. TOV Xo^yov wv ^VKd = rbv \6y. TOVTWV wv ev., 'his account
of those things for the sake of which,' transl. l his reasons for
assembling,' etc.
> nas a pluperfect force.
NOTES. 95
1. Tore [AV, ' at that time on the one hand ' implies eVetra
de, 'but afterwards.' This subsequent occasion occurs in
4, 1. 6 seq.
3. 'Ev <ro! ... ICTTI, * It rests with you.'
6. 7. TO, eiKora K TOV iroXe'fJiov, ' the probable results of
warfare. '
7. TroXv KpaTT)cro|j.v, ' we shall have a great advantage':
TroXi), adverbial.
8. irpbs Tjfjuov, 'in our favour,' lit. 'from our side,' i.e.,
4 belonging to our side,' 'on our side.'
9. ircpi-yC-yvcTGii, 'escapes' by not falling at once into the
hands of the enemy, as would be the case if the Greeks with-
drew to the Isthmus.
Kiv<ov, i.e. the Persians.
10. leal [XTjv. See Vocab., fj-fy.
14. VJAIV, dativus incommodi, ' to trouble you.'
6. TcJre 8-fj, 'then at last,' after previously restraining his
anger; see on 3, 1. 1.
8. &os av . . . wcri, the construction of the oratio recta retained
unchanged in the obliqua. Cf. on VTII. A, 4, 1. 7.
11. TU> Xd-yo) Sie'paivev, lit. 'he crossed over in his remarks,'
i.e., ' he transferred his remarks to,' etc.
12, 13. Sv el ... &rei. This sentence is merely the protasis
of a conditional, with the apodosis or principal clause not ex-
pressed but implied. Thus : ' if you will remain and play the
man (all will be well).' This usage occurs in not a few
instances in Greek, where the implied apodosis admits of no
doubt.
15. ws <i\opev, 'as we are,' i.e. without further hesitation;
intrans.
16. T|(iTpa. It is not certain upon what foundation this
claim rested.
20. <xv-8i8<xcTKTO. For the force of CLI>Q. cf. on avayvuffan.,
1, 1. 18, and see Vocab.
96 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
21. 22. dv eyi-yvovro. We might expect rather the aorist in
reference to past time. The imperfect, however, takes us
back to the sentiments of Eurybiades, (He felt that) ' they
would be,' etc.
22. TO.VTTJV, explained by avrou ^h. diavavjui.
23. 8iavav|xax.iv. Notice the intensifying force of dia,
* fight to the end. '
3. Is rf)v -uo-rcpatav. We must translate ' on the morrow '
as if it were ev ry vo-repaia, but es is used like the Latin in
with the accusative to express that something is done with a
view to or looking ahead to a future occasion. l Against ' is
sometimes used in a similar manner.
14. irXofa, 'in a boat,' but the dative is probably instru-
mental with TT^ciTrei, ' sends by means of a boat. '
18, 19. Tv-yxdvei Pov\6fi,vos, ' happens to wish. ' Notice the
participial construction after Tvyx&vw.
24. <XVTOVS is here used for dXX-^Xous, * each other.'
29. |Uo*ai VVKTS, 'midnight.' The plural of vv% is con-
stantly used, especially with JU&TCU, where we might have
expected the singular.
TO d<))' cfrircpas, * the western wing,' more properly the
north-western wing. The Persian fleet had first taken up their
position, according to Herodotus, off Phalerum, while the
Greek fleet, as indicated in the Plan, lay in the harbour or
bay off the town of Salamis. On receiving the message of
Themistocles the whole Persian fleet was apparently moved
upwards in a north-westerly direction so as to front the Greek
fleet, cutting off also the chance of their retreat round the
north of Salamis by the bay of Eleusis. It will be seen from
the Plan that the south-eastern end could not be so closely
occupied as the north-western, and thus Aristides was able to
elude the Persian vessels.
6.
5. c<ocrTpaicur}jLvos. Ostracism was a peculiar form of
banishment practised at Athens, which was introduced by the
legislator Cleisthenes for the purpose of preventing party-strife
NOTES. 97
from breaking out into civil war. When the animosity
between two political factions and their leaders became
excessive, the citizens were ordered to meet and each to inscribe
on a tile or potsherd (oarpaKov) the name of any citizen whom
he thought a possible source of danger to the peace of the
state. The man against whom the majority of votes was
recorded*, provided the total against him reached a certain
number, was forced to go into exile for ten years. His
property, however, was not confiscated as in ordinary cases of
banishment, and the decision against him probably brought
him little discredit. Aristides, who was the leader of what
may be called the conservative party at Athens, had for three
or four years been bitterly opposed to Themistocles, until the
contention was ended by the ostracism of the former. It was
Themistocles himself who, shortly before Salamis, had pro-
posed the recall of all exiles, including Aristides.
8. CTTCIS errl TO <rw'8piov, * coming before the council.' eras
followed by CTT'L with the accusative, implies, ' coming to the
council and standing there. '
10, 11. XTJ0TJV 7roi.ovu.evos, l assuming forgetfulness. ' Cf. on
xv. B, 3, 1. 5.
15, 16. 2v T TO> dXXo) ... TwSc, ' on this occasion above all
others.' See on xi. B, 1, 1. 23.
16, 17. irepl TOV oiroTcpos ... Ip^d-crcTca, 4 as to which of us
shall perform.' The clause o-rrorepos ... tpydaeTai is treated as
a quasi-substantive to which the definite article TOV is pre-
fixed, lit. * about the (question as to).'
7.
1. XP 1 ! " 8iaK\vi, i.e. with regard to their working
together for the common good ( 6, 1. 15 etc.).
2. d implies an antecedent rotircw, genitive dependent on
avToirTiys.
18, 19. eimOovTo TO, IJayyeXOcVra, see Vocab. for con-
struction.
2. ws vcu>fjiax.TjcrovTs, 'with the intention of,' etc. For
ws with the participle, see vm. B, 3, 1. 15.
98 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
4, 5. eirl irpvjjivav avcKpovovro, ' were backing water,' lit.
' were thrusting, or rowing, back (their ships) stern wards.'
In 1. 12, the phrase is slightly varied, wpv^vav avaKpovea6e, lit.
' thrusting back the stern. '
5. Notice the force of the imperfects aveKpovovro and
&K\\ov, ' were just on the point of backing,' etc.
11. p^xpi* irocrov, supply -^pbvov^ ' for how long ? '
2. TO ... icrircpas Kpas, the wing, properly on the north-
west, which had been sent to cut off the retreat of the Greeks
towards the Bay of Eleusis. Cf. on 5, 1. 29.
5. 4v rfj 2aX.ap.ivL. In contrast to other vessels which were
destroyed outside the straits while trying to escape from the
scene of action to Phalerum. See 10, 1. 13.
7. <rvv Koo-fxw, /c.r.X. These words imply that the Greeks
very quickly recovered from their panic, and fought not only
with bravery, but with discipline and coolness ; whereas the
Barbarians, judging from the words otire Tcray^vwv gn, etc.,
seem to have quickly lost heart, and although they fought
strenuously (11. 10-13) they were apparently too excited to
think of the proper tactics of naval warfare.
9. %\\, see ^XXw.
11. TCLVTTJV TTJV f|[Xpav, adverbial, ' throughout this day.'
lidKpto, ' by far ' : TTO\V is more usual in Attic prose.
irpbs Evpota. Referring to the engagements off Artemisium
on the north coast of Eubcea, where the Greek fleet had first
been stationed.
10.
6. TIO-IV, dativus incommodi. Transl. ' If any had their
ships destroyed.'
13. Kir\ovTttv, i.e. ' sailing out of the battle, or out of the
straits. '
14. V-TTOO-TCLVTCS. Notice the force of the preposition. See
Vocab., VTTO when compounded with a verb. .
19. <|>epmvoi, ' as they hastened on,'
NOTES. 99
21. virb TOV irtlov o-TpciTov, 'under the shelter of their
land-force.' It must be remembered that in those days
ships of war were light enough to be beached and drawn up
on the shore, and thus could be protected by a land-army.
XVII.
GOLD PROCURED IN INDIA AMONG ANT-BEARS.
3. jAe'-yeOos . . . KVVWV 2Xacr<rov, ' a size less than that of
dogs.' Cf. on vin. B, 2, 1. 16.
8. t8os, ' in appearance,' accusative of reference or respect.
11. <ripcu|>opov. This term is usually applied to an outside
horse in a chariot-team which pulls by the trace only and not
by the yoke. In this instance it signifies 'a led-camel.'
These two male led-camels do not assist, it will be noticed,
in carrying either the man or the burden. They are taken
partly as a means of arresting the pursuit by sacrificing first
one and then the other male camel to the ant-bears (1. 27),
and partly, it would seem, because the female alone would
have endeavoured to return home to her young ones before
reaching the land of the ant-bears at all. It is somewhat
surprising that Herodotus, who is usually so careful in the
details of his descriptions, does not explain the matter more
fully.
26. irpovXdfipavov, contr. from irpo-eKajjifiavov.
28, 29. -irapaXiiovTcu <J>\KOfJivoi, /c.r.X., ' are set loose,
when they begin to drag, but not both at the same time,' in
order that the pursuers may be twice delayed by a capture.
Compare the tales of escapes from wolves in Russia.
30. IvSiSdcuri [xaX. ovSe'v, * show no sign of flagging. '
XVIII.
How THE SPICES OF ARABIA ARE OBTAINED.
(a)
7. TO jj.6-y0os ... TO ctSos, accusative of respect, ' in size,'
* in appearance. '
12. Pvpcrcus Kal SepfJtao-Lv dXXois. Both (3up(r. and depjm.
signify ' hides,' but it is supposed that pvpacus in this passage
100 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
stands for * ox-hides, 'the commonest kind, and dlp]u,a<nv #XXois
for ' skins of other descriptions.'
16. Terprye Scivov, ' utter loud cries. ' For deivo?, lit. 'fear-
ful,' see on xn. 1. 11 ; the perfect rtrpiye is used with a
present meaning, and this usage is particularly common with
verbs expressing a sustained cry or sound, the perfect denoting
as usual a lasting state ; e.g. KCKpaya, /ce'/cX^ya, both meaning
'I cry, or shout.'
27, 28. TO, ixcXif] Siar. a>s jifyurra, ' cutting up the limbs in
as large pieces as possible.' See Vocab., 'fis.
3, 4. ds cl' TIS, K.r.X., 'and if one were to suffer them to
drag these, they would have sores owing to their tails rubbing
along the ground.' The relative pronoun both in Greek and
Latin must often, especially after a semicolon or full stop, be
turned in English by ' and ' with a demonstrative pronoun.
Notice the apparent pun in e(f>t\Keu> and e\Krj which can
hardly be represented in English.
6. eirtorraTai . . . TO<TOVTO, ' understand carpentering up to
this point,' i.e. sufficiently to prevent the tails from dragging;
for Toaovro strictly speaking refers not to what follows (i.e. in
this case, the manufacture of the little carts), but, like oSros,
to what precedes ; cf. on vm. A, 1, 1. 6.
8, 9. Kcd eirl iri\\vv irXdros, ' (being) even as much as a
cubit in breadth.' CTTI, ' on to/ ' up to,' l as far as,' hence ' as
much as.' TrXdros, accus. of respect.
XIX.
SCYTHIAN PROPHETS, ETC.
2. pdpSois. Prophecy by the aid of wands was once a
wide-spread custom, found for instance among the Egyptians
(Genesis c. vii.), the Chaldaeans (Ezekiel xxi. 21), and the
ancient Germans (Tacit. Germ. 10).
4. err! [uav . . TL0evrs, ' placing the wands each one be-
hind another.' 'BTTI is used especially in military phrases,
either with the genitive or the accusative, to express ' so many
deep,' e.g. CTTL TTO\\OVS rdaaeLi' = 'to draw up a column many
men deep ' ; eirl 6/crw vrjas, of a fleet eight ships deep.
NOTES. 101
5. &[ia T X-yovTs, ' and while saying,' see on vui. B.
2, 1. 31.
6. Kara |uav, ' one by one,' /caret being used distributively
(see on xin. 1. 1). From the word afidis we may probably
assume that the wands were not only placed ' one by one ' but
also ' one behind the other ' (tirl ft'iav) as before.
12. X-yovTS TWV dcrrwv, K.r.X. ' Mentioning (that one) of
the citizens whomsoever they do mention.
15. 8ii\T]|JL(JiVos, see
16. en-top KTJO-CU. Notice that when an infinitive (or an opta-
tive) is dependent on a verb of saying or the like, the tenses
retain the full signification which they bear in the indicative.
Thus eTTLopKrjffai is used here not because the action was a
single or momentary one (usually the entire signification of
the aorist when not in the indicative mood), but because the
actual word used by the prophets was eTrtwpAojo-e, * he fore-
swore ' on some past occasion. The same applies to (pd/jLevos
7riopK7J(r(u in 1. 19. Cf. on ix. (d), 1. 16.
17. cmopKTjo-as <J>avT<u, 'is shown (not, appears) to have
foresworn,' see. Vocab. , <f>aivo/j.aL, for distinction between
(pcLLvofjiaL with infinitive and with participle.
19. ov 4>ct[Avos ear., 'declaring he has not,' etc. In such
cases o), which properly belongs to the dependent verb in the
infinitive, is placed closely before 0^, just as in Latin
'nego me fecisse,' = dico me non fecisse.
27. fidXa dXXoi, 'many others,' lit. 'others to a great
extent or number.'
28. Se'SoKTcu, /c.r.X. , 'it is decreed for the first set of
prophets to be put to death.' The perfect 5e5o/crat is used
almost with a present signification, implying that the decree
has been made and is still in force. The dative after the
verb in this instance has not its usual meaning of ' seem good
to,' ' be resolved upon by,' but ' it is decreed against.'
(ft.)
2. ejjnroStoravTcs. In Attic prose this word usually signifies
' hinder.'
TAL* ?I(OM HERODOTUS.
XX.
THE POWER OF CUSTOM.
3. rwSc, 'tjie following,' see on viu. A, 1, 1. 6.
5. <(>' OTTOO-O) ... xp'HH LaTl J 'for what price,' c on what terms.'
8. 'Iv8wv TOVS KaX. K. , ' the race of Indians who are called
Callatiae.'
11. KaraKactv irvpi, this being of course the Greek custom.
VOCABULARY I.
An asterisk placed against a Greek word implies that it is not found, at
any rate under normal conditions, in the language of Attic Prose, and
is therefore not to be used in Prose Composition. An asterisk against
some particular signification implies that the Greek word, though employed
in Attic Prose, is not used in that sense.
A.
dpcruXia, 77, want of good coun-
sel, imprudence.
s, -r), -6v, good, also brave.
(dyado-epyia), i),
good service.
&yaX|j.a, TO (lit. a glory, honour,
hence) a statue or image in
honour of a god.
fryav, too much, too.
*<ryv\ia<|>opos, -ov, adj. bearing
a message, hence as subst. a
messenger.
dyyeXXw, to give a message,
report.
s, TO, a jar, pail, urn etc.
v, TO, a fish-hook.
<ryva>}xoo-vvT], i] (a privative and
yvufjLy), want of sense, in-
discretion.
d-yopd, 77, assembly, hence place
of assembly, market-place.
d-yopevco, (lit. to speak in the
ayopd), speak, say.
d-ypa, i], *mode of catching.
6/ypos, o, field, land, also country
as opposed to town.
> adv. and prep, cum
gen. near.
d-yco (strong aor. tfyayov), (1)
lead ; middle in same sense.
(2) Like Latin due ere, con-
sider, deem.
d/ywv, -w^os, 6 (from ayw, pro-
perly an assembly for games
or athletic contents, hence),
contest, game.
qL-yc6vi(r|j.a, TO (from ayuvlfa,
take part in a contest), *con-
test, *combat.
<xSeX<j>6s, 6, brother.
ctSiKos, -ov, unjust, wicked;
adverb, ddiKus.
103
104
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
dSiKw (-eo>), verb, act wrongly ;
cum ace. wrong, injure.
- dSvrov, TO, innermost shrine.
dci, adv. always.
a8, fut. acrojuicu, aor. g, (ra, sing.
*d9Xos, 6, contest, especially for
a prize, also task.
*dflXo<|><>pos, -ov ((fxEpw), bearing
off the prize, victorious.
dQpoos, -a, -ov, adj. all at once,
all together.
alGpia, i), open sky.
aiKia, T], outrage.
alfJia, TO, blood.
cup.ao-ia, i], a wall, made of loose
stones etc.
*alvw (-fo),fut. cuVeVw, praise.
ai'|, alyos, 6, or T/, goat.
"fcal-rroXiov, TO, herd of goats.
alpTos, -rj, -bv, verbal adj. (from
cupouyttcu), fit to be chosen,
desirable.
al'pw, dpcD, lift, raise. atpeiv
io-ria, hoist sail, sail off.
alpw (-eoj), aiprjaw, strong aor.
el\oi>, take, capture ; in mid-
dle, aipovfjicu, perf. yprj/mai,
take for oneself, choose.
alorOdvofJtai, fut. alaOrjcrofjiCLL,
strong aor. -ffffOo^v, perceive,
learn.
alo-xpoKp8TJs, -es (itcpdos, gain),
basely eager for gain, sor-
did.
a, -6v, comp.
superl. afox Lar s> base, shame-
ful. Adv. aio-pus
, TO (properly neuter of
adj. aiTios), cause,
alwv, -Covos, 6, lifetime, life, also
age.
*aKav9w8i]s, -es, thorny.
OLKTJKOWS, See CLKOlJd).
XKUVT]TOS, -os, adj. unmoved, un-
disturbed (a privative and
KivG), move).
CIKOS. r6, cure, remedy.
OLKOVCO, fut. cLKovcrofjiCLL, perf.
aKrjKoa, hear cum ace. of a
thing, but gen. of a person,
often also cum gen. of a thing ;
with KCLKWS, e$, a/JLeivov etc.
dKoveiv=to hear oneself called,
have a report, thus afjieivov
aKovew, to have a better re-
putation.
&Kpa, subst. fern, (properly fern,
of aKpos, high), peak, top,
promontory.
dKpips, adv. of a.Kpi(37]s, ex-
actly.
dKpo-TroXts (the high part of the
city), citadel ; especially the
Acropolis at Athens.
&KWV (d privative and e/o6z>), un-
willing.
dXdpacrros or -rpos, 6, alabaster
box.
dX-yw (-ew), verb, have pain, am .
ill.
*&Xiv|/is, -ews, TJ, anointing,
process of anointing.
dXt|0La, i], truth.
dX^O-qs, -es, true. Adv. -us.
dXif]9iv6s, -17, -bv, genuine.
VOCABULARY I,
105
^ *dXct, rj, assembly.
x*dXio>, fut. -lew, make to as-
semble, collect.
&Xis, adv. (lit. crowded or as-
sembled together), in abun-
dance, enough.
dXio-KOfxai, fut. dXaJcroyttcu, perf.
edXw/ca or r/Xw/ca, aor. ed\ojv
or TI\WV, am caught, captured,
convicted etc.
*O,XKTJ, i], strength, prowess,
fighting-power.
*&XKIJXOS, -ov, strong, coura-
geous.
dXXd, conj. but.
dXXtjXovs, -as, -a (no nominative-
possible from the sense of the
word], one another.
*dXXr]Xo-<|>avia, i) ((frayeiv, to
eat), eating one another,
cannibalism.
dXXos, -T], -ov, other ; #XXos . . .
aXXos, one ... another, or one
..." one, see note on i. 1. 6 ; 6
&\\os, the remaining ; oi
ctXXot, the rest.
dXXdrpios, -a. -ov, belonging
to another, hence strange,
foreign ; oi dXKorptoi, the
strangers, foreigners.
&XXws (adv. of aXXos), other-
wise, also otherwise than is
right, heedlessly, vainly.
&X<ros, TO, grove.
dXwTTTJj;, -e/COS, 7), fox.
x dXwort(xos, -ov, adj. (dXtV/co/xai),
able to be captured, easy to
take.
&XWO-LS, -ecos, 17, capture.
dp.a, (1) adv. at once, at the
same time ; (2) /prep, cum
dat. at the same time with,
along with.
dfJtaOi^s, -es, adj. ignorant, dull.
&|iaa, i), waggon, car.
d(xa|is, -idos, r;, (diminutive), a
little cart.
*d^aprds, -ados, i), fault, mis-
take.
d|iLpo|Acu (mid. of d^te^co,
change ; hence lit. to change
with one another, esp. of
interchange of conversation),
*answer, *reply.
dfxetvcov, see dya66s.
*dji.T|viTos, -ov, adj. (d privative
and fjLrjvLw, am angry), with-
out resentment.
d|iop<j>os, -ov, adj. (d privative
andfjLop(pi}, shape), misshapen,
ugly. Comp. dfj.op<j)crTpos,
superl. dfj-optpeo-raros.
dfivvofiai (mid. of dfjujvu, ward
ff )j ward off from oneself,
repel, resist.
dfi<|)t, prep, cum dat. about,
regarding. (Also cum gen.
and accus.)
dp.<(>i8^aL, at (d/j.(j>i, around, 5^a>,
bind), bracelets, anklets.
*d[ju|>i.<rpa<ria, rj (d^is , apart,
and root of /3cuVw, go), differ-
, ence, controversy.
d[i<()dTpos, -a, -ov, each, both.
dv, a particle which cannot
be literally translated in
English. Its chief usages
occur (1) in the apodosis of
two sorts of conditional sen-
106
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
tences, viz. those which imply
that the condition is not ful-
filled, and those which indicate
indistinct futurity, (2) in con-
nection with el, eweidri, 6're, 6's
etc., when these words have,
either a general and not a
particular reference in present
time, or refer to future time.
dvd, prep, usually cum accus.,
lit. up to, also throughout,
see note on xi. B, 5, 1. 15.
Compounded with a verb dvd
often signifies back, or again.
dv-d-yw, bring up, lead forward.
dva-pcuvco, -prjao/Jicu, -(3yv t go
up, come in turn to.
dva-pi,pd(o, make to ascend,
dva-pow (-aw), fut. (3otj<rofj.cu,
cry aloud.
- dva-'yiYVwcrKci) (see yiyvuGKu],
lit, persuade back, * persuade
a man to change his mind.
dvaYKT], 7], force, necessity; a'c
aVay/ccu, torment, torture.
*dvd- < yvaxris, -ews, TJ, knowing
again, recognition.
dva-SiSdorK(i), verb, lit. teach back,
teach better, win over by
argument.
dva-8i8o>(u, give forth, produce
crops.
dva-\ryvv|ii, lit. yoke again,
dvaf. vavs, set sail again.
dvcuSeict, TJ (di> privative aidov-
jjicii, reverence, feel shame),
shamelessness.
*dv-auri|juo (-6w), consume.
dvaKtos, adv. carefully; dv. ex eLV ->
cum gen. to watch carefully
for.
dva-KTjptio-o-co (or -TTW), publish,
proclaim, *put up to auction.
dva-Kpovo), lit. thrust back; in
mid. of a ship, back water,
see on xvi. 8, 1. 4.
dva-Xa|ipdvco, take up.
dvojj, -a/cros, 6, king.
dv-d|LOS, -a, -ov, unworthy.
dva-ireiBw, lit. persuade back,
bring over, or simply per-
suade.
dva-irTdvvv(xi, fut. -irerdffw, lit.
unfold back, open.
dva-iTT]8co (-dw), leap up.
*dva-'irTV(r<ra), unfold, open.
dv-diTTco, light, kindle.
dva-irvvOdvofxai, inquire into,
also learn by inquiry.
dv-apt0fXT|Tos, -ov, countless.
-*dv-dp(rios (dv- privative -and
&pw,jit, hence lit. not fitting),
hostile, of events etc., un-
toward, monstrous.
*dva-<TKoXo < iri<o (aKokoty, a
stake], fix up on a stake,
impale.
*dva-crTvdtt, fut. -dw, groan,
lament.
dva-reXXw, rise, of the sun etc.
*dva-Ti0Ti}u, set up, espec. of a
votive gift, offer.
dva-Tpc-rra), overthrow.
*ava-Tptpoa, rub to pieces, wear
away.
VOCABULARY I.
107
dva-<f>pw, cast up, bring up ;
hence, refer to ; also intrans.
bring oneself back, restore
oneself, recover oneself. See
note on xv. B,
dvci-<J>opw (-ew)j carry up, cast
up.
^ *dva-<|>vptt, mix up, stain.
dva-x<>p (-<:w), go back, retire.
dvSpcfyaSia, ij (dvrjp, dya66s],
manhood, bravery.
dvSpeios, -a, -ov, brave.
*dv8po> (-6w), bring up to man-
hood ; in pass, reach man-
hood, am grown up.
&Vfxos, 6, wind.
dv-eupicrKw, find out, discover.
dv-iiKccrTos, -ov (dv- privative,
dKovju-ai, cure), incurable ;
hence, grievous, intolerable,
adv. -<s.
dv-TiKOVcTTw (-&o), disobey (dv-
privative, CLKOVW, hear).
dvrjp, 6, man, as distinct from
women, Latin vir.
dv6-i<rTTj|jii, set against; in pass.
and intrans. act. cum dat.
stand against, withstand,
resist.
dvOpwimos, -a, -ov, belonging
to man, human.
dvOpw-mvos, -?}) -ov, human,
mortal.
dv-iT]p,i, (1) lit. send up or forth,
release ; of a bow, discharge ;
(2) lit. let go back, relax,
hence intrans. slacken, be
remiss.
, place or set up, esp.
set up for auction ; in the
act. intrans. tenses and the
pass, rise up.
dvoivco (dvoiyvvfju.), augments
doubly imperf. dveuyov, aor.
1 dve^a, perf. dveyxa, to
open.
dv-o(rios,-oi> (dv- privative, 60-tos),
unholy, wicked.
dvr-epwTto (-do>), ask in turn.
dvTL, prep, cum gen. against,
hence, set against, i.e. instead
of, in return for.
dvTi-Ka9-i<TTr] [xi, supply instead,
substitute.
dvTL-fji(X(j>o|JLai, blame in return,
retort.
&VTIOV, neuter of dvnos, used as
a preposition cum gen. before,
in the presence of.
Avrpov, TO, cave.
*dv-v8pos (dv- privative, vdwp),
without water.
-ov (aios,
a match in battle.
&|ios, -a, -ov, worthy, worth.
di(o (-oco), think worthy ; cum
in/in, esp., think oneself
worthy, claim.
0,01805, 6, singer, bard, poet.
w, take back a mes-
d-ir-d-ya), lead back.
d-iraOTjs, -es (d privative, iradeiv]
cum gen. without suffering
from, unharmed by.
108
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
dir-aiptt, carry away, remove.
&-ITCUS, aTrcuSos, adj. childless,
often cum gen. of word ex-
pressing progeny.
a/ir-aXXaor<ra> (or -TTW), set free
from, cum ace. and gen. ; also
intrans. get off free, escape ;
in passive, am set free, de-
part.
dir-ajjivvco, keep off, repel.
air-ay- t<rTT][u, cause to rise up
and go, remove, withdraw.
diraf;, numeral adv. once.
airas, -aaa, -av (stronger than
Tras), all without exception,
all together.
dirdTT], i), deceit, trick.
^direiXw (-ew) I., force back,
press hard.
d-ireiXw (-ew) ii., threaten.
aTr-i|u (elfjiL, ibo), go away,
pres. indie, withfut. significa-
tion.
dir-ciirov, aor. (dw-ctyopeijo} for
present], forbade.
dir-eXaww, drive from, exclude
from ; also intrans. march
away, depart from.
dmo-Tw (-ew), disbelieve.
d-rrio-Tia, i), disbelief.
x a-iTX^o-Tos, -ov (a privative, TTL^-
Tr\rjfjiL), insatiate, insatiably
greedy for, cum gen.
diro, prep, cum gen. from, away
from, from the time of.
a/Tro-|3atvw, -/^cro/un,
-epr)i>, (1 ) go from, disembark ;
(2) result from, turn out.
cnro-pdXXa>, cast away, lose.
ro-SciKvvfii, lit. point out apart
from others, exhibit, declare,
appoint.
cnro-8t8<oju, give back, restore.
ro-SoKifjux^w, properly, reject
after testing,. reject.
ro-Oavud^w, wonder at, be
amazed.
diro-0to, -OeixTOfjLcu, run away.
cnro-OvTJo-Kaj, die ; also as the
passive of aTTOKTelvw, am
killed.
^dir-OLKTttw, lament.
cnro-KaXim-Tca, uncover.
diro-KXeio), shut off, cut off,
hinder from, cum gen.
d/iro-KXrjpw (-6w), select by lot.
cnroKpTjjjivos, -ov, precipitous.
d-iro-Kptvco, separate, select.
d-rro-Kpovo), beat off from ; in
mid. beat off from oneself,
repel.
dTTO-KTCLVCO, kill.
diro-Xap-pdva), cut off, inter-
cept.
diroXis, neut. -i, gen. -ews, adj.
without a city.
o/iro-Xvw, set free, acquit ; in
mid. excuse oneself.
*diro-vo(rT<o (-&o), return home.
diro-Trcp.Trw, send off.
, sail away.
VOCABULARY I.
109
struck out of one's senses,
frenzied.
*d < Tro < jrXo{js, 6, a sailing away,
an outward-bound voyage,
diro-irvfyw, choke, throttle.
*diro-7rw0dvofjiai, inquire from,
cum gen. of person.
aTropia.^, resourcelessness, diffi-
culty.
d7rdppT]Tos, -ov, not to be spoken
of, secret ; also unfit to be
spoken of, abominable.
diroppiTTTw, cast away, reject,
set at naught.
*dir-opxov[xcu (-^o//,cu), lose a
thing by dancing, dance away.
d-TTopco (-e'w), am in a difficulty,
am at a loss.
d-iro-o-irw (-dw), fut. -acrw, tear
away ; of gates, pull down.
d-iro-o-TeXXw, send off.
*cnro-crTvyw (-ew), fut. -(TTVU,
hate, detest ; cum infin. de-
test the thought that etc.
onro-<rwa>, save, restore ; in
pass. ctTrocr. ds, get safe to.
* diroTciKTos, - 6v (rdacr w, arrange) ,
specially appointed, or, ar-
ranged.
diro-Tfxvft>, fut. -re/ma, cut off.
aTTo-fytvya), escape, be acquitted.
" *diro-<|>XavpiG>, make light of.
d-iro-xpdw (see XPV for princ.
pts.), am sufficient.
dirpocrSoiayros, -ov, unexpected ;
ov, unexpectedly.
, properly, fasten to, join
to, hence bring in contact with
fire, kindle, set alight ; in
mid. touch, cum gen.
dipa, so then, therefore, after
all, usually expressing sur-
prise ; see note on vin. A,
3, 1. 3.
dpyupiov, r6 (dimin. ofapyvpos),
a piece of silver, money.
dpecTKWj/wif. dpeVw, am pleasing
to, please ; mid. in similar
sense.
dpco-Tos (verbal adj. ofdp&TKu],
pleasing, acceptable ; adv.
-cDs.
dpio-ros, see dyaBos.
-dpKw (-ew), am sufficient ; often
imperson. dp/cet, it is enough.
dpvovjjicu (-eoyCtat), -rjao/uiai, aor.
pass, deny, also decline.
apir(ryT|, ij, seizure, pillage.
&po-T]v (later tippy*), apaev, gen.
apaevos, male.
*&pTrj[j.a, TO, hanging ornament,
earring.
dpros, 6, bread, loaf.
dpxaios, -a, -ov, (lit. from the be-
ginning], old, ancient, former.
dp\T|, 17, beginning, hence first
place, i.e. sovereignty, rule,
dominion.
*<xp)cn0v, adv. from the be-
ginning.
dpX", (1) begin, cum gen.,
frequently in mid. ; (2)
rule.
110
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
(-^w), act impiously, sin
against the gods.
d<nj[Aos, -of (a privative, <TTJfj.a,
sign), *without meaning, in-
articulate.
oLar0VTJs, -es (a privative, adevos,
strength], weak, delicate.
do-fjivos, -rj, -oi>, pleased, glad.
a<nrdo|j,ai, -acrobat, greet, wel-
come.
*&<nraipa> (lit. pant), struggle
convulsively.
dcrrds, 6, citizen.
dcrrpd'yaXos, properly knuckle-
bones, dice ; see note on 1. 1. 7.
acrru, rb, city.
acmryetTcov, -ov, gen.-ovos, neigh-
bouring the city, neighbour.
ci(r<J>a,Xia, i) (a privative, o-^dXXw
make to fall), safety.
*d<r)(aXX<o (only in present and
imperf. ), am grieved.
&TC, just as, as if ; also especially
with a participle, inasmuch
s, -es, free from taxes.
a9is, again.
avXif]TT|s, -ov, 6, flute-player.
avXio[JLCu (av\r), court-yard,
hence lit. lie in the court-yard,
hence), lie out at night.
avXw (-ea>), play the flute.
avTiKa, adv. straightway, at
once.
avroOi, adv. on the spot, here,
there.
avrdjjioXos, 6, deserter.
avrofioXw (-^w), desert.
avToiTTT]?, -ov, 6 (CLVTOS, self, and
root OTT- seen in 6^o^aat, I shall
see), eyewitness.
CIVTOS, avT't), avro, (1) accom-
panying a noun - self, or if
immediately preceded by the
article, = the self -same, the
same ; (2) standing alone (a)
in the nominative case, it is .
the reflexive pronoun, myself,
thyself, himself etc., (b) in
the oblique cases, it is the 3rd
personal pronoun, him, her,
it etc.
avrov, adv. (really genit. of
avros), at the very spot, here.
-*d<(>-av8dv&), fut. -aS^crw, aor.
-eadov, displease.
cu|>avTJs, -es (a privative, 0cu-
vojjiai), unseen, secret.
eo/Acu), relate, tell.
ws ' "ht narration,
account.
d-<(>0o-yYos (a privative, $6oyyr),
voice), voiceless, speechless.
d<f)-cT|fj.L, send away, let loose ;
also let go away, abandon.
CL<|>-IKVOV[H (-efo^cu), -t'oyucu, -ty-
Hai, -LKofj.rjv, come to, arrive at.
d^-io-T^fjii, place apart, hence in
the intrans. tenses and in the
middle, to place oneself apart,
revolt.
grieved, vexed.
x^ 05 ' TO, burden, also grief,
trouble.
VOCABULARY I.
v dXjmos, -ov (a privative, xprJaOai,
to use), useless, unprofitable,
unserviceable.
d-v|/v8rjs, -e's (\l/ev8os, a lie),
without lie, unerring, truth-
ful.
B.
pa6t>s, -e?a, -tf, deep.
PCUVCO, (3rj<To/JLai,
, 77, key, or hook for
slipping back the fidXavos or
bolt of a door or gate.
pdXXo), jSaXtD, /3e/3X?7/ca, tpaXov
throw, hence metaphorically
in middle, cast over in one's
mind.
pdppapos, -ov, foreign, i.e. not
Greek, barbarian. (The word
is supposed to be formed in
imitation of the way in which
foreign languages sounded to
a Greek ear. )
papvs, -e?a, -t, heavy, adv.
/Sapews, heavily, severely.
Pao-avi^o), test, cross-examine.
pcuriXeia, TJ, queen.
pcuriXeios, royal ; in plur. rot
/3a<riXeta, the royal apart-
ments, palace.
pao-iXts, -&>s, 6, king.
pacriXevw, am king, become.
king.
s, -?y, ~bv, kingly, royal.
7] (jSaTrrw, dip), dyeing,
dye.
PKOS, r6, bread.
puuos, -a, -ov, forcible, violent,
adv. /3icuws.
, TO (dimin. of f3i[3\os), a
letter, dispatch.
pippco<TK>, perf. fieppwKa, eat.
ptos, 6, life, also means of life,
livelihood.
PIW (-6w), strong aor. efiiwi',
infin. fii&vcLL, part. j8toi)s, live.
pXe'irco, see, look at.
poT]6o> (-ew), come to the aid of,
succour, cum dat.
popd, 7], food.
Pdpeios (adj. from (Bopcas, the
north wind), northern.
POO-KCO, fut. poaKycru, feed,
nourish ; mid. feed on, graze.
*P<>vK6Xiov, r6, herd of cattle.
povicoXos, 6, herdsman.
povXcvfjia, TO, purpose, resolve.
povXevco, take counsel, deliber-
ate ; also as the result of
deliberation, resolve, deter-
mine, similarly in mid.
povXo[j.<u, fut. /3ouX?5<7o,ucu, e/3ou-
Xrjdrjv, wish, desire.
POVS, 6 or 7], gen. /3o6s, ace. f3ovv,
dat. plur. j8ou(7i, ox, cow.
*Pp'(j>os, TO, new-born child,
nurseling; also of beasts, cub,
whelp etc.
Pup<ra, 7], hide (see note on
xvm. (a), 1. 12).
*pvo-(ros, o, depths, bottom.
PIJW, stuff full.
112
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
r.
ydXa, T 6, milk,
yajjippos, 6, son-in-law.
ydjAos, 6, marriage, wedding.
yap, conj. for.
ye, enclitic particle emphasizing
the word with which it is con-
nected, at least, indeed ; in
dialogue it often signifies yes.
y-yovvai, -yc-yoyos, see yiyvofAcu.
YfiXco (-aw), *yeXa croyucu, aor. ey-
XaVa, laugh.
ye'vos, r6 (yiyvo/jiai), race, an-
cestry ; also class, kind.
yepwv, -OVTOS, 6, old man.
yf), 7), earth, land.
yfyvofxcii, yevfio-ofJLai, yeyova or
yeyevr]iu,ai, yv6ju,r)v, come in-
to being, be born, become ;
also of events, occur, happen ;
the aor. eyevofjLTjv, is often used
for the past tense o/et/u', I was.
yfyvwo-KO), yvdxro/uLai, perf. ey-
vwKa, strong aor. eyvuv, infill,
yv&vcii, part, yvovs, to learn,
get to know, know ; also
form an opinion, judge, hence
determine, resolve.
yvwp.T|, j] (yiyvuo-Ku), judgment,
opinion, sentiment ; also re-
solution, plan.
^-yvtixrijiax/io (-ew), from "yj/tucris,
opinion, and /zdxo/xat, fight,
contest one's own opinion, i.e.
change one's mind.
YOTJS, -T^TOS, 6 (lit. a howler),
wizard, magician.
ydvos, 6, offspring, child,
ydvv, TO, gen. -CLTOS, knee,
yovv, particle, at any rate.
ypci|ji[jLa,r6, letter of the alphabet,
in plur. a piece of writing,
inscription etc.
ypdcjxo, write (lit. scratch,
scrape, engrave}.
yuvrj, ywaiKos, ij, woman, wife.
A.
Saificov, 6 and TJ, deity, god ;
also lot, fortune.
*8atvi5fjii, distribute, hence esp.
give a feast to, feast one on ;
in pass, am entertained, feast
on.
SaiTvfxuv, -6^os, 6, partaker in
a feast, guest.
SaKpvu, weep, cum ace. weep
for.
Sc, conjunctive particle, standing
second in its clause, usually
adversative, but ; also merely
and, and further ; /mev ... 5e,
on the one hand ... on the
other.
Sci, impersonal from 5ew n. it
is needful, necessary, one
ought ; also cum gen. there is
wanting, one requires ; partic.
deov, needful, required.
SetSw, perf. dedoLKO. or dedia, in
present signification, fear.
SEIKVVJU, deify, perf. mid. and
pass, d^deiy/uiai, show, point
out.
, fear.
VOCABULARY I.
113
(-eo/xcu), com-
plain terribly.
SCLVOS, -77, -ov (Sei'Sw), fearful,
terrible (see note on iv. 1. 11),
adv. deivus.
SCITTVOV, r6, chief meal, dinner.
8i/irvw (-M> dine.
8Ka, card. num. ten.
8KdTT|s, -fs, *ten years old.
*8icds, -ados, 77, group of ten.
8Karos, -77, -ov, ordinal num.
tenth.
tw, -0-w, entice by bait
v 8'X<J>a|, -a/co?, 6, pig.
SeXejns, -ZVos, 6, dolphin.
Se'vSpov, TO, plur. often devSpea,
-i>}v, -(TL, tree.
x Seos, TO, fear.
Sep^a, r6, skin, hide.
8cr|j.a>TT|piov, TO (5eo>i6s, fetter,
from dew), prison.
8eo"ir6TT|s, 6, master, despot,
tyrant.
SevTcpcia, rd, second prize,
second place.
Scvrcpos, -a, -ov, second.
Se'x.ojiai, e^o/xat, dedey/maL, re-
ceive.
I. Sew, 77(70;, dedeKa, Zdrja'a, perf.
pass. dedefjLCLL, aor. edeOyv,,
bind.
II. Sew, 5e77(7w, want, lack, cum
gen. ; usually in mid. deo/mat.,
am in need of, cum gen. of
thing ; also beg of, cum gen.
of person.
8rj, strengthening particle, in
truth, assuredly, indeed.
|Xw (-6o>), make clear, show.
SijfAos, 6, the people, the nation,
also the common people.
8-qp.ocrui (adv. from drj/jwcrios),
publicly, at the public cost.
STJIAOTTJS, -ov, 6, one of the com-
mon people, also fellow-
citizen.
Sid, prep, cum gen. and ace.
right through, throughout,
of time, during ; also ( 1 ) cum
gen. by means of, (2) cum
ace. on account of.
8ia-(3cuv<o, -(3r)(TO/j.ai, -pe^fjKa,
-fi-r\v, go across, pass over.
8ia-pdXXw, accuse, revile, slan-
der.
8iapaTos, -77, -6v (verbal adj.
from diapaiva)), passable, ford-
able.
St-d-yw, go through, spend ;
often with piov understood,
pass one's life, live.
*8ia-8iKW|Ai, make quite clear,
make manifest.
8ia-8i8pcurK(o, -dpd<ro/j.ai, ~5e-
dpaKa, -tdpav, lit. run through,
escape.
8ia- (-aw), live through, live,
cum partic. live by doing so
and so.
Si-cupco (-^w), take apart, divide.
Staira, 77, mode of life, means
of living, food, diet.
SicuTwjxcu (-doyuai), pass one's
life, live.
114
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
8ia-K\von<u, exhort, en-
courage.
8ia-KOfxio>, carry across ; in
mid. of carrying over one's
own property etc.
SiaKOcrioi, -at, -a, two hun-
dred. s
*8ia-Xa t yxdva>, -X^o^tat,
-e\axoi>, divide, or distribute,
by lot.
8ia-Xap.|3(xvco, grasp, seize (lit?
grasp in both arms] ; also
take asunder, divide.
Sia-Xetiro), leave an interval of,
cum ace. of the time speci-
fied.
Sux-Xvw, break up, dissolve.
Sia-va/ufxax/io (-ew), maintain a
naval battle (vavs, /zaxo/xat).
8ia-veco, -vevcro/maL, *swim across,
*reach by swimming.
*8td-ir(i<r<r<0 (or -Trdrrw), -waacj,
sprinkle.
Sia-impcofJicu (-do/mi), make trial
of, have experience of.
Sia-irpCLcro-a), (-Trpdrrw), go
through, accomplish, com-
plete ; similarly in middle.
8ta-Tol(ro-ft) (-rdrrw), thoroughly
arrange, set in order ; also
draw up separately, appoint
to separate positions.
8ta-T6|JLVC), -Te/j,u>, -rer^/ca,
-ere/jLov, cut through, cut in
pieces.
SLa-TiO-r^Jii, place separately,
arrange ; hence dispose of,
treat.
Sia-Tpi(3o> lit. rub between two
things, rub away, consume,
spend.
8ia-c|>xryo, flee through, escape.
8ia-cj>0Lpco, thoroughly destroy,
kill ; also spoil, disable,
mutilate.
8ia-xc<n>, aor.-exea, perf.-K^xv* -*
lit. pour apart, disperse;
hence, of plans, confound,
upset.
8ia-xpw(Aai (-cuytai), (I) cum dot.
of thing, use constantly, also
experience, suffer from ; (2)
cum ace. of per s., use up, i.e.
destroy, kill.
SiScurKco, dtdo>, teach.
8iS<o|Jii, dibcro}, 5^5w/ca, ^Swiccu,
offer, give, grant.
8i-iXT]}i|jivos, see $taXa/u/3diw,
8t-|-i|j,t, go right through, tell
in detail (pres. with fut.
meaning}.
*8i--Xawo>, drive, ride, or
march out, through.
*8i-6|-Xto-(rw, unroll.
8i-|-pxo(Jtai, go through.
8ie'o8os, i), way through, pas-
sage ; 5te^. (3ov\VfjLdTui>, as
we say the ins and outs of his
plans.
8i-pxofAcu, go through, pass.
8iTTJs, -es, of two years, two
years long.
Si-Tryovficu (-^o^cu), lit. conduct
through, hence narrate, de-
scribe.
SIKCUOS, -a, -ov, just, upright.
VOCABULARY I.
115
8iKcuw(-6w), -uffofjiai, deem right,
think fit, consent.
, TO, place of justice,
court.
j, right, justice ; hence
law-suit, trial ; also jusf
recompense, i. e. either penalty
or compensation.
SIOTI, for the reason that, since ;
also in an indirect question,
wherefore, why.
SiirXcurios, -a, -ov, double.
8is, twice.
8io-x&>i, -at, -a, two thou-
sand.
X 8iwpu|, -VXGS, 77, trench, canal.
8oKi, 56et, dedoKTai, doe, im-
person. of 5o/o5, cum dat. it
seems to, it seems good to,
hence it is resolved by, thus
TO dedoyfjifrov, = the decree,
resolution.
* SoKifios, -ov (from 5^%o^ai, lit.
acceptable, hence], esteemed,
notable.
SOKW (-ew), I think, see doKel.
v *8o\pos, -d, -ov, deceitful.
86\os, 6 (connected with deXedfa,
hence strictly, bait for fish,
hence], trick, deceit.
SopidXwTos, -ov (dopv, spear, and
aXicrKOjuLcu), captive of the
spear, captured.
8opu(j>dpos, -ov (0^pw), spear-
bearing, hence oi dopvcf)6poL,
the bodyguard of a monarch
etc.
Socris, -ews, TJ (didio/mi), gift.
8ov\evo> (dov\os, slave), to be a
slave to, obey, cum dat.
SovXoTrpcinris, -h(7rp7T(t), beseem],
befitting a slave, servile.
*8ov\o<rvvT], i], slavery.
^SpaoTfios, 6 (dtdpdo-KO}, run),
running away, flight.
Speirdvov, rb, sickle.
*8piro), pluck, reap.
8tivap.cu, 5vvr)(ro[jLcu, dedvvrjfjiai,
edwrjOyv, am able, can.
SvvajAis, -ews, ij, power, strength;
also of an army, usually in
plural, forces.
8vvd<rTT]s, -ov, 6, master, ruler;
avdpes dvvaarat, men of the
ruling class, aristocrats.
Swards, ->/', -6v 9 of persons,
powerful, strong ; of things,
possible.
8vo, diuoiv, card. num. two.
8u(r|j.TJ, ij (due*), sink), usually in
plural, sinking, setting.
*8vcnrTa)S (adv. of dvo'Trerris, lit.
falling out ill, hard etc.),
hardly, with difficulty.
ScoSeKa, card. num. twelve.
Scoped, T], gift, present.
Swpov, TO, gift, offering.
8copovp.cu (-e'oyuai), present with.
E.
edv (el, &v], contracted, ijv, conj.
if.
eavrov, -Tjs, -ov (no nominative],
reflexive pron. , 3rd per s. , him-
self etc.
116
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
J38op.os, -T], -ov, seventh.
syyvta (-^ w ) from ev and yviov,
limb, hand, hence put in the
hand of, hand over to ; esp.
betroth.
, leave out, omit.
, carve on, inscribe
on.
, 6 (ev, xei'p, hand),
hand-knife, dagger.
> Y-X l P^t w > P ut m t one's hands,
entrust, deliver.
eyw, ejuLou etc. I ; plur. ijfjLeis.
ISwXiov, TO, seat, rowing-bench.
eOeXoKdKo) (-ew), am wilfully bad
or cowardly, play the coward.
eGe'Xoo, 0\r)<Tw (less common
0Aw), am willing, choose,
consent.
20vos, TO, nation.
el, conj. if ; also in indirect
questions, whether.
iWa, see ea).
et'Scuj, see ol8a.
, see opu).
os, TO, appearance; aZsokind.
sort.
ao-w, liken, compare ;
hence compare ivith previoiis
experience, infer, conjecture.
, twenty.
ds, -??, -6v. twentieth.
-oz/os, i], lit. something
resembling, image, statue.
, see ai/ocD.
iXov,
*ljia, TO, robe, garment.
d\j.t (sum), eaofjiai etc. am, exist ;
partic. TO 6v, that which
really is, the truth.
ctfu (ibo), with future meaning
in present tense, will go,
imperf. ^a, I went.
et'-7Tp, if at any rate, if in-
deed.
etirov, etTras, elTre(v), C'LTTCLTOV,
eiTrdiTrjv, eiTropev, -are, -ov,
aor. ivitliout present, said,
spoke.
elpt](Xvos, perf. pass, partic. of
eipijKa (from an old present
el'pw), I have said.
efe, see irjfjii.
els, see es.
ctW, see ecD.
K, before a vowel e, out of,
from ; of time, after, since.
Compounded with a verb, often
has an intensifying force.
*Kas, adv. far away. Comp.
eKacrrtpu, further.
^KCUTTOS, -77, -ov, each, every.
Ka<rTOT, adv. on each occasion.
KaT6pos, -a, -ov, each of two.
^KCITOV, hundred.
KaTpw0V, from both sides, on
both sides.
tK-(3cuvw, go out of ; of events,
result.
, -/9a\cD, cast out.
am born from.
eK8r)(juo ( -ew), leave one's country,
go abroad.
VOCABULARY I.
117
K-8i8w|xi, give up (of a sup-
pliant], give in marriage.
ews, ij, giving up, sur-
render.
Ktvos, -??, -o, that, he (Lat.
ilk}.
\ *^K6<ris, -ews, TJ (CK, riOrjfju), plac-
ing out, exposure.
K-xaXw, call out, summon ;
similarly in mid. call out to
oneself.
^ *K-KaXvirra>, uncover.
lie out, be ex-
K-Xi5a>, loosen, unstring, of a
bow.
tK-ireVfrtt, send out.
iK-TnjSa) (-aw), leap out from.
iK-TrX&D, sail out ; e/c?rX. (frpev&v,^
go out of one's mind.
\c- i rrX / /j<r<ra> (-TTU}, fut. wXrj^w,
lit. strike out, hence drive out
of one's senses, amaze ; pass.,-^
strong aor. l^-ewXdyrjv, am
astonished.
K7To8cov, a<lv. (CK, iroSuv, away
from the feet], out of the way,
away.
JC-p^-yvv(xi, break off ; in pass.
break, *burst out in a pas-
sion.
K-(rTpaTvw, march out ; simi-
larly _ in mid. take the field.
K-Tt9Tj(Ai, place out, expose.
K-Ttvw, pass off, pay.
K-TV(|>Xa) (-6w), make com-
pletely blind.
*K-Tv<f>Xc><ris, -ecos, ^, act of
blinding.
K-<f>av<o, bring to light, reveal,
declare.
K-(J>'pw, carry out, also bring
forth, produce.
KWV, -ovcra, -bv, gen. -6vros etc.
willing, willingly.
2Xcuov, r6, olive-oil, oil.
IXcuro-ttv (-TTWJ/), -ov, used as
compar. of 6\iyos, little, few,
less, smaller, inferior; superl.
eXaxidros.
eXctwco, fut. t\dcra), contr. e'Xw,
perf. e\r)\aKct, pass. e\^Xa//,ai,
drive, set in motion ; often
with ace. implied, ride (sc.
LTTWOV), march, of a general
(sc. ffrparbv}. Of a wall,
build along.
eXcuf>pos, -d, -6v, light, light to
beared.; *ev eXa0/xJ woieicrBcu,
regard as a light matter.
, prove a charge against
one, convict, refute, also
accuse.
cXevOepos, -a, -ov, free, also libe-
ral, generous.
eXevOepw (-6w), set free.
Xi]Xafj.Vos, see eKavvu.
, r6, wound, sore.
>, drag.
, TO, marsh.
, -Law, hope, hope for,
expect (ivhether of good
or evil) ; also think, ima-
gine.
118
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
w, cast (oneself] upon,
charge.
*jxjxavT|S, -es, frenzied.
jxjx\ia, i], a dancing-tune.
IfJLos, -ri, -6v, my, mine.
*2|i/jrr]pos, -ov, crippled, de-
formed.
efx-TrCfAirXiHJii, fill full of ; in
pass, am full of, satisfied
with.
(juro8iw (ei>, Trews), *put the feet
into fetters, *fetter.
JJI-<J>VTOS, -ov, inborn, natu-
ral.
4v, prep, cum dat. in, inside ;
of time, during ; also cum
dat. of person, in the power
of.
*V-a/rro-vta>, fut. -i/'w, wash
clean.
v-8i8fju, give in, give into the
hands of, hence exhibit, dis-
play.
2v8ov, inside, within.
V-8vco, put a garment on some-
one ; in mid. with perf. and
strong aor. act. -dtdvita, -edvi>,
put on oneself, wear.
vKd, prep, cum gen. on account
of, for the sake of.
*V-|Juo (-ew), fut. -tffu, vomit
in.
4vx0is, aor. part. pass. 0epw.
v-e'x, hold in ; pass, am caught
in, entangled in.
*Vt]pT]TT)piov, r6, place for
amusement
adv. (1) of place, there;
(2) of time, thereupon, then ;
(3) relative, where.
Ivicumfe, 6, year.
-at, -a, some.
ev-vow (-^w), have in one's mind
(vovs), consider, reflect.
IvravOa, there, thereupon.
VT6\Xo(iai, enjoin, command.
VT6\)6v, hence or thence ;
henceforth, thenceforth.
4v-Tivco, perf. -r^ra/ca, pass.
-rera/xat, keep on the stretch.
Iv-TtOTju-i, put in, place in.
IVTOS, within, inside ; ei/ros
eavrov yiyvcr6ai, retain one's
self-control.
Iv-Tvyxdvw, meet with, cum
dat.
evvirviov (VTTVOS), TO, dream.
4|, see K.
'^, six.
tell out, report.
-<rya>, lead out.
|aipTo,-6^, chosen out, picked.
4^-aipw (-ew), take away, re-
move ; also set apart, ex-
cept.
|-aiT, demand from, request
from ; similarly in mid. de-
mand for oneself, demand.
av-<rya>, in pass, put out to
sea.
efj-a-TraTo) (-aw), strengthened
form of aTraraj, deceive.
, adv. suddenly.
VOCABULARY I.
119
Ifj-apTvw, get ready, fit out,
hence provide with, furnish
with.
$-411 (ibo), go out ; present
tense withfut. meaning.
4j;-XKa>, aor. %d\Kv(ra, pass.
e%i\Kvad'r)i>, drag out.
u, go, come out.
|(TTI, impers. cum dat. it is
permitted, it is lawful.
|vp(ris, -ews, i), finding out,
invention.
|vpT](jia,invention, contrivance.
6Jj-vpi(rKa>, find out, discover.
N cj-iryovjxai (-^o/uat), lit. lead out,
hence go through in detail,
describe, explain.
ff|KovTa, indecl. sixty.
^|-T]|j.pw(-6w), thoroughly tame,
hence of waste land, render
cultivable, reclaim.
" *-OYKW (-6w), make to swell ;
in pass, am puffed up, elated.
cfj-ocrrpaKi^eo, banish by ostra-
cism ; see note on xvi. 6, 1. 5.
$jw, adv. and prep, cum gen.
outside.
-iovovp.ai (-eo^tcu), buy.
coiKd, 2nd perf. with pres. signi-
fication, partic. efctfc, look
like, resemble ; usually im-
pers. it seems likely, natural,
reasonable.
, 77, feast.
, lead to, bring to.
err-cuvw (-^w), fut. -ea-o/zcu, aor.
a, praise, commend.
, listen to, cum gen.;
cum dat. of person, obey.
irdv (e?ret, &/), as soon as, after
that (see wider civ).
rravXis, -ews, 7?, cattle-shed.
iri, when, since, after.
eimSrj, strengthened form of
ewei, when, after etc.
iri8dv, whenever, when (see
under &v).
^ir-eip-i (ibo), go against, ap-
proach, attack, pres. withfut.
signification.
KirciTa, thereupon, next, after-
wards.
eireiTe, since, when.
*ir-\avva), drive against, lead
against ; without object ex-
pressed, march against,
charge.
7r-^pxo}i,ai, come to, hence come
into one's mind, occur ; also
come in addition.
ask, inquire.
eirl, prep, cum gen. dat. ace.
properly upon, hence (i) cum
dat., resting on, also in addi-
tion to ; also in the power
of ; eTTi Tovrif), on this con-
dition, also after, (ii) cum
ace. on to, to (implying motion
' towards), against ; also of
motion all over, extending
over ; thus of time e?r' 2rrj
eiKocTL, for twenty years, (iii)
cum gen. on or at a place,
the actual position being
usually less definitely indicated
120
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
than by eirl cum dat. ; tem-
poral, in the time of ; after
a verb of motion, towards ;
also e0' eavTov etc., on one's
own authority, by oneself, etc.
co (-aw), -^crw, call to, cry
to ; in mid. call to one's aid,
invoke.
!m-pov\va>, plan, purpose.
cirfyafJios, -ov, marriageable.
'7ri- < yt'yvo(xai, happen to, come
in addition to.
ciri-Scdcvvfu, exhibit, display.
erri-SiSwfu, give in addition.
iri-gw (-dw), go on living, sur-
vive.
ImOufAw (-fa), cum gen. desire.
erri-KaXai (-ew), call to ; in mid.
call to one's aid, also invite.
iri Ktjj.ai, lie on, hence press
on, attack.
**" 7r(K\T)<ris, -ecus, ij (/caXw), addi-
tional name, surname ; ace.
used adverbially by name.
eiri-Kparw (-e'w), prevail over,
cum gen.
em-Xcifjipdvco, seize hold of ; in
mid. get for oneself.
Im-X.e'yoi&ai, choose for oneself,
pick out ; also *say over,
*read through.
im-Xctiroi), fail, cum ace. of
person.
7ri-p.^\o(xai, cum gen. look after.
Tri-p.[X(j>o}j.cu, impute as blame,
blame ; often cum ace. of
thing, and dat. of person,
(-do^at), devise
against, contrive as a pre-
ventive.
iri-opKw (-&>), swear falsely by,
cum ace. of thing.
eirtirav, adv. on the whole ; a>s
TO 7TLTrav, commonly.
, sail on, * float on.
, -a, -MV, quite full of.
i-JTLTroXfjs, adv. and prep, cum
gen. (properly gen. ofeTrnroXr],
surface), on the top, above.
7]7ri(TTr)6r)i>, know, understand.
< 7rrTp<f>o|j.evos (part, from TTL-
arp(pojui(u turn oneself to,
attend to), attentive, earnest,
eager.
-TrurTp<j>ws, adv. from ETTL-
, earnestly, keenly.
-TTCO), enjoin upon,
order.
eiri-TeXw (-^w), perform.
*iir\.-Tyv>\La,i (-do/mat), contrive
in addition.
, serviceable, suitable;
a eTriTrjdeta, the necessaries
of life. Adv. eTriTrjdeiws.
iTTjScvo), practice, pursue,
attend to ; also CTTLT. OTTCO?,
take care that.
L-Ti0T]^L, place on, assign to.
i-Tpeiro), lit. turn to, entrust
to, commit to ; similarly in
middle.
eiriTpoiros, o, one to whom some-
thing is entrusted, steward,
governor.
VOCABULARY I.
121
w, light upon, meet
with, cum dat. ol eTnrvxovres,
lit. those who come across one,
i.e., chance persons, the com-
mon sort.
erri-^cuvoficu, come into view,
appear.
m<avTjS, -es, coming into view,
visible ; also conspicuous,
renowned.
v lm-<|>lpci>, bear to, hence in mid.
bear oneself to, i.e. set upon,
attack.
ciri-<f>oiT (-aw), come habitually
to, visit, frequent.
irixwpios, -a, -ov, and -os, -ov,
in the country, native.
Tri-\|/T]<|>Ca>, put a question to
the vote (\f/rj<pos) ; also admit
one to a vote.
&ITOS, TO, word, remark.
iro\|/o{j.ai, see e^opu).
^TTTCI, seven.
&TTW, aor. ecnrov, usually in
mid. eVoyUcu, e^o/Mu, fol-
low.
p*yao|Ji(u, -d(ro/xcu, do, work ;
also pyd. xp^ara, earn
money by working.
^p-yov, TO, work, labour, deed,
action.
^ *2p8o>, />w, work, do, effect.
s pi8w, epeiVw, press.
N p-qp.os, -ov, lonely, desolate ;
cum gen. destitute of ; r/
tyrj/jLos (supply x^pa), desert.
^pis, -i5os, ace. fyiv, T], strife,
contention.
lp(jn]Vvs, -^ws, 6, interpreter.
7}\6ov, come, go.
epamo (-aw), -770-0?, strong aor.
7)p6/j.r}v, infin. eptadai etc., ask
a question, inquire.
es, later els, cum ace. only, into,
to (after verbs of motion etc.),
against ; \tywv es, directing
one's remarks against ; of
time, up to, until, against
(see on xvi., 5, 1. 3) ; also
with regard to.
cr-(ry(0, bring into, introduce.
ecr-ayyeXXo), announce, report.
Icra/irol, at one time, on one
occasion.
<r-paCvo), go into, embark on a
ship.
<r-pdXXcD, throw into ; also
seemingly intransitive, throw
(oneself) into, fall into, of a
river, flow into.
&r-i}u (ibo), go into, enter.
<r-'pxoH Lai > come into, enter
into.
60-0TJS (-??TOS), ri, clothing, dress.
<T0iCD,/M. edo/mai, edrjdoKa, strong
aor. <j)ayoi>, imperf. ijaBiov,
eat.
*<r-tT]jJLt, send into, let into.
(r-opw, look upon, behold.
lo-irepa, y, evening ; also the
west.
<r-mirTa>, fall into, fall into the
hands of, of hurried move-
ment, ecnr. es ras vavs, hasten
on board.
122
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
&TITOV, 2 aor. act. ofeww.
ecrTia, TJ, health, home ; a/so_
altar, since the hearth was
the shrine of the household
gods.
ICTTWS, see tcrr^/xt.
<r-<f>epa>, bring in, bring forward.
&TXCITOS, -rj, -ov, farthest, ex-
treme ; TO &rxaroj>, the ex-
tremity.
&ra> (later etcrw), adv. and prep,
cum gen. within.
^repos, -a, -ov, another of two,
the one (Lat. alter), second ;
also different.
Tpco0i, adv. elsewhere.
In, still, yet.
ITOIJJ.OS, -TI, -ov, ready.
frros, TO, year.
$, adv. well.
v8ai|JLovta, rj (daifjiwv, fortune),
good - fortune, prosperity,
happiness.
v8cu|j.cov, -ov, gen. -ovos, fortu-
nate, wealthy, happy.
evSoKLfjiaJ (-ew), am renowned,
distinguished.
vi8T)s, -es (eldos, form), good-
looking.
cvOus, -e?a, -i5, straight, hence
straightforward, honest. Ad-
verb, evOtis, -i5, and evOews,
straightway, at once.
*v|Aop<()os, -ov (/uop^?;, shape),
shapely, comely.
* evirdOeua, 17, comfort, luxury ;
in plur. festivities.
w (-ew), am well off, make
merry.
CVTTCTCOS, adv. of evireTTj's, easily.
i)pio-KO>, evprjffu, yvprjKa, ydpov,
fut. pass. eupe6r}(To/JiCLL, find,
discover ; also fetch a price.
vpvis, -e?a, -ti, broad, wide.
TJ, free space, room.
TJS, -^s, pious, holy.
,(o (-fa), properly, use words
of good omen ; but usually,
abstain from words of ill-
omen.
j, 7j, prayer, vow.
6VWX.W (-^w), entertain hospi-
tably ; in pass, fare sumptu-
ously.
<J>-'XKW, drag or trail some-
thing behind ; in mid. drag
(intrans.) behind.
44>e<$s, -^ -6v, boiled.
<f>-iT]iu, allow, permit.
*<(>- op [JLW (-ciw), stir up, incite.
<f>-op|j.u> (-^w), of vessels, lie in
wait for, blockade.
4cf>-op(o (-aw), look over, super-
intend.
, -a, -ov, hostile, hateful.
x w > ^^ w or
strong aor. faxov, o"%w, <rx' Lr l v
etc., imperf. et%o^, (1) have,
hold ; also withhold, restrain.
(2) Intrans. have the power,
am able ; also with an adverb,
keep in a certain state, am ;
<I?s elxe, -just as he was.
VOCABULARY I.
123
N &|/o>, e\j/r}<TW, boil meat etc.
w (-dw), imperf. eiW, aor. eiaaa,'
allow, permit ; oik eu> is o/te?i
used for prevent, forbid.
i. &s, co??-/. while, as long as ;
also until.
ii. &os, noun, i), gen. eu> etc.
morning, also the East.
Z.
r|, 77, properly the strap o/
: 2/o&e, /&e?i the yoke.
. . . fr'w, join, yoke ;
* similarly in mid. put to
one's horses, whether for driv-
ing or riding.
ciryos, TO", properly a yoke or^
team of beasts, carriage, wag-
gon, chariot drawn by a team.
*vis, -ews, TJ, manner of yok-
ing.
^<(>vpos, o, west wind, zephyr.
r]Tco (-&;), seek, look for.
^s, ^77, live,
twypw (-ew), take alive, make
prisoner.
co^), 77, life.
to<)S, -77, -6i/, alive, living.
H.
fy (1) or ; ij ... rj, either ... or.
(2) after a comparative, than;
similarly irpiv TJ, sooner than,
before.
^, (dat. of 6s), in which place,
where.
?ja, see el/jn.
Tj-yoviiai {-eojULat.}, -77<TOyucu, lead,
cum dat.; also like Lat. duco,
consider, suppose.
TJ8T], TJdei(v) etc. see olda.
^St], already, by this time,
now.
tjSojJLCu, fut. TiffOrja-ofJicu, aor.
r)ffdr]v, am glad, pleased; cum
dat. am pleased at.
TjSovT], i), pleasure.
fJKw, rjfa, pres. ivifh perf. mean-
ing, have arrived, am come.
TjXiKLa, i], time of life, age ;
also prime of life, manhood.
-t/cos, adj. of same age ;
as noun, oori] rj\i, one of the
same age, comrade.
fjXios, 6, sun.
TIJA^SJ plur. of eyd.
i]jj.XX, see /xeXXw.
fjfJLpd, T), day.
T||j.iov6s,7/ (lit. half '-an-ass], mule.
%, see edv.
irp, in the very way in which,
just as.
'{j'irtos, -a, -ov, or -os, -ov, soft,
gentle, kind. Adv. -i'ws.
, see under e'pwrw.
> y> quiet, rest, leisure.
< fj<rv)(os, -ov, quiet, at rest ;
ijffvxos elfjii, keep quiet.
TJcrcrw|j,ai (-dojULai), rjffffrjdriffOfJLaL,
am inferior to, yield to, cum
gen. ; am beaten by, with
VTTO.
124
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
\
\
iJTTwv, -oi>, gen. -ovos, weaker,
inferior. Adv. ^TTOV, less.
*T|S, ?), Ion. form of ecus, q.v.
a
0a,Kos, 6, seat.
*0aK (-&>), sit.
0dXacrcra (-rra), 17, sea.
0dva.TOS, 6, death.
Oavarw (-6w), put to death.
w, ?0a\j/a, perf. 2^ass.
, aor. erd^Tjv, fufc
Tafaio-ojmai, bury.
0apo-o> (-ew), am of good cour-
age, am confident.
0ol(rcrov (daTTov), see TCLXVS.
0cu)p.a, TO, wonder, amazement,
?so a marvel.
Oavfxao-Tos, -??, -6f, wonderful^
strange.
0Los, -a, -of, divine.
0\w, see e6>e\w.
*0op\apT)s, -<fs (/3Xd7TTw),strick-
en of god, distraught.
*0o < irp6iriov, TO, prophecy.
*0oirp6 < iros, 6, messenger sent
to inquire of an oracle.
0os, 6, a god, o/6-o ^ 6e6s, god-
dess.
0pdira>v, -O^TOS, 6, servant, at-
tendant.
0pjids, -77, -6f, warm, hot.
*0cnrL^a), -leu, prophesy.
0eu>fAcu (-do/iat), -d<rofj.cu, view,
behold.
^ 0T)K-q, ^, box, chest, also grave,
tomb.
0f)\vs, -eta, -v, female.
0T]pDTTJs, -ou, 6, huntsman.
0Tjpvo>, hunt, capture by hunt-
ing.
0T]ptov, TO, wild beast.
0T]piu>Sr|s, beast-like ; of a coun-
try, infested with wild beasts.
0t]<ravp6s, 6, treasure, also
treasury.
0VTJo-K<o, Oavov/Jiai, T^OpfjKa, e6a-
vov, die.
0oivTJ, ?), feast, banquet.
0op-upos, 6, uproar, tumult, con-
fusion.
0ptfj, TPLX&S, dat. plur. 0pii, TJ,
hair.
0povos, 6, seat, throne.
0-u-ya.TTJp, -rpds, y, daughter.
0v\aKiov, TO, wallet.
9vfiiw (-dw), burn as incense,
burn.
0vji6s, 6, soul, feelings ; also
courage and anger.
0vpo, 77, door.
0vpo>pds, 6, door-keeper, porter.
0v<ria, 77, sacrifice.
0o), verb, sacrifice.
, -of, 6, private citizen.
ISpwo, establish, set up.
Up e 10 v, TO, holy offering, sacri-
fice.
Upos, holy, sacred ; TO iepbv,
the temple.
VOCABULARY I.
125
fo]ju, irreg. verb,fut. ijaw, perf.
eka, aor. T}KOL, part. aor. ets ;
mid. icfjiai, aor. pass. eWyv,
send, send away, discharge ;
L (puvrjv, utter ; mid. am in
motion, hasten.
iKe'rqs, -ou, 6, suppliant.
*l'[j.pos, 6, desire.
tva, (1) final conjunction, in
order that, that ; (2) adv. of
place, where.
I'ov, rb, violet.
i'o-os, -77, -ov, equal, like.
ftrrrjfii, irreg. verb, fut. ar^trw,
perf. 'effrf}KOL, 2nd perf. part.
effTus, -w<ra, -ds, weak aor.
to stand, set up, place ; in
pass, and intrans. tenses of
active,viz. perf. (and pluperf. )
and strong aor., stand.
'uTTtbv, TO, sail.
os, -a, -6i>, strong, violent.
^s -vos, j], strength.
i'<rx<o (form of e%w), only in
pres. and imperf. hold, keep
in check.
*lT'ivos, -T], -ov, made of willow.
K.
KolSos, 6, jar, cask.
K<x0-cupd> (-ew), take down, sub-
due, deposa ; similarly in
mid.
KaOdircp (/card, ourep, neut. plur.
ofocnrep), in the way in which,
just as.
Ka0-T]}xai, only in pres. and past
eKa07)/ji,r)v (really perf. and
pluperf. tenses), sit down.
Ka0-ia>> set down, station.
KaO-<rTT)|u, set down, arrange,
appoint; in pass, andintrans.
lenses of active, settle down
to, be arranged, established,
customary, take up one's
position in.
Ka9-opw, look down on, view,
examine.
*Ka6virp0(v), adv. and prep,
cum gen. above, beyond.
KdC, conj. and, also, even ;
/cat ... /cat, both ... and.
Kcupios, -a, -ov, seasonable,
fitting, suitable.
KCIKOS, -r), -bv, bad, wicked ;
KaKbv as a noun, an evil, mis-
fortune. Adv. /ca/ccos, badly,
unfortunately. Comp. /ca-
K'IUV, superl. /ca/ao-Tos.
KaKw (-6w), treat badly, harm,
afflict.
*Ka\Xi<TTva>, surpass in beauty.
KaXw (-^w), -eVw, aor. pass.
eK\-f)6i)v, call, name.
KaXos, beautiful, honourable,
noble. Adv. /caXws, rightly,
well. Comp. KCL\\LUV, superl.
/cdXXta-ros.
KOLfJiT]Xos, o and t/, camel.
KOLfJLVW, /Ctt/^W, K^K/JLTfJKa, ^/Ctt/XOI/,
arn weary, ill, ^distressed at.
KCLVOVV, ro (contr. from KOLVCOV],
basket.
Kcurvds, 6, smoke.
126
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
Kapiros, 6, fruit, crops.
-.*KapTa, adv. very much, very.
Kap<|>os, TO, chip, twig.
Kacrta, 7], cassia, a spice.
Kara, prep, cum gen. and ace.
down. (1) cum gen. down
from, implying motion from
above; also of per sons, against.
(2) cum ace. implying motion
towards, down to, to, against ;
also throughout, all over,
hence distributive, Kara /cc6/xas,
village by village (see note on
xin. 1. 1) ; also with regard
to, hence in accordance with,
in proportion to.
Kara-Paivw, go down, descend,
come to.
*KaTa-pi.p<xi0,make to descend.
Kara-'ycXw (-dw), laugh at, cum
gen. and *dat.
Kara-Sw (-6Vw),bind down, bind,
hence *convict of a crime.
Kara-KoXvirTO), cover up.
Kara-Kan), burn down, burn.
Kcrra-KXeuo, shut fast.
Kara-KXtvco, make to lie down or
recline, especially for a meal.
KarcLKXia-ts, -ews, ^, a sitting
down for a meal, hence a
marriage feast, celebration
of a wedding.
Ka.Ta-Kotfioofj.cu (-ao/xcu), aor.
pass, fall asleep, sleep.
KaTa-Ko-irro), cut to pieces.
Kara-KpCvco, give judgment
against, condemn ; in pass.
to be assigned as a penalty.
Ka,Ta-Xya>, go through, recount
in detail.
-ira), leave behind, leave
over.
KaTa-irTO|iai, -Tm^o/icu, aor.
KaT-eTrrdfjiTjv, fly down.
Kara-ii-ivo), drink down, gulp
down.
KaTa-7rXa<r<ra> (-rrw), spread
over, plaster over.
KaTa-irpoifojJiai, only in fut.,
will get off free.
Karapprj-yvvfu, break down.
Kara-o-peVvvfu, quench.
*KaTa-ortTovjJiai (-^o/xat), eat up.
KaTa-(rKcuda>, prepare, fit out,
construct.
KaTao-Koiros, viewing out, spy-
ing ; usually as subst. a spy.
*KaTa-orKa)TrT(o, jeer at, jest at.
*KaTa-crirov8ao}j.ai, am in
earnest, seriously occupied.
KaT<i(rTa<ris, -ews, TJ, arrange-
ment, condition.
KaTa-Tp\(o, run down.
*KaTa-<j>ovva>, slay, kill.
^Kara-xpcop-at (-do/Aai), use up,
also destroy, kill.
*Kar-i\w (-^w), crowd together,
coop up.
KaT-cipYw, confine in, shut up
in ; also press hard.
KaT-epva^ojAat, effect, accom-
plish ; also *make an end of,
*destroy.
KaT-pxojxai, come down, esp.
come back home, return.
VOCABULARY I.
127
KaT-<r0fa>, eat up.
KaT-e'xto, hold down, hence re-
strain, conquer, also of a
space, occupy.
*KaT-oiKT^w, have pity for ; in
mid. have pity on oneself,
bewail.
*KaT-ovofj,cu, blame, slight.
*KaTo < TTTT)s, -oi', 6, spy.
*Ka,T-oppa>8w (-ew), to fear,
dread.
*KaT-op\ov[i.ai (-e'oyucu), dance
in defiance at.
Karoo, adv. down, beneath.
Kavjxa, TO, heat.
Kclto (no contraction), /catfo-w (or
-o/mai), burn.
Ki|j.ai, have been laid, placed,
lie.
KKTT]fj.ai, possess, see /CTW/XCU.
K\va), order, bid.
*Kpaoi>, ravage, destroy.
Kpas, TO, horn, hence wing of
an army or fleet.
K<|>aX.if, i], head.
KTJpvy|xa, TO, proclamation.
Kf]pv, 6, herald, crier.
KtOcipa, 7), lyre, lute.
Ki0apu>S6s (a5w), one who sings
and plays on the lyre at the
same time, a bard.
Kivd|JL<ojjLOv, TO, cinnamon.
Kiv8vviio), incur danger.
KivSwos, 6, danger.
*K\av0}xds 6, weeping, lamenta-
tion.
dco(w0 contraction], KAawro/icu,
weep ; cum ace. weep for.
, rob, steal.
, aor. pass. part. o//ca\w.
Kv^t], i), the lower leg, shin
etc.
*Kvv T l| JI ' a > TO, inarticulate noise,
babbling.
Ko0opvos, 6, buskin, top-boot.
KOIVOS, -r}, -6v, common, public ;
Ta KOLvd, the public authori-
ties.
*KoXiros, 6, bosom ; also fold of
a garment.
KOJJLT], 17, hair.
K0(xi^co, lit. attend to, look after,
hence, take up and carry away,
carry ; in pass, am carried,
travel, betake myself to.
xoirpos, f), dung, manure.
, 6, order, ornament,
o (-e'w), arrange, adorn.
-ew). rule, prevail over,
conquer, usually cum gen.
*KpnrycivofJi<u, cry, wail.
Kpas, TO, gen. Kpeus, flesh, meat,
often in plural, Kpta, Kpe&v.
Kpi]VT], T], fountain, spring.
Kpivco, aor. pass. cKpidyv, lit.
separate, hence distinguish,
decide, judge about ; of a
dream, interpret.
KpoKoSeiXos, 6, crocodile.
, conceal.
w, KTGVU, perf. ZKTova, aor.
a^a, kill.
128
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
KTLCO, KTLCTW, found, also people,
settle in.
Kronen (/crdo/Acu), procure, ac-
quire ; perf. /ce/crr?/>tcu, I have
acquired, hence as present,
I possess.
^ Kvpos, 6, solid square, a cube,-
a die.
KvicXos, 6, circle, ring ; /ctf/cXw as
adv. all round.
KVK\OV}JLCU (-Gotten), *surround.
KvpLos, -a, -ov, ruling, having
authority; of time, fixed,
appointed.
KvpTTj, 7j, fishing basket, creel.
*Kvpw (-&o), light upon, meet
with, get, cum gen.
Kupw (-6w), make good, ratify, x
decide.
KcofiT), ij, village.
A.
*Xdppos, -ov, furious, violent.
XdOpa, secretly ; cum gen. un-
known to one.
Xap-pdvco, Xr}\}/o/JLCLi, eiX?70a, t'Xa-
/3or, aor. pass. \r)(f>07)v, perf.
pass. ei'X^u/xai, take, seize ;
in mid. cum gen. seize hold
of.
Xajiirpos, -a, -6v, bright, con-
spicuous, illustrious.
XavOdva), XTJCTCO, XeXr?^a, ZKaOov,
lie hid, escape the notice
of ; cum part, do a thing
unawares, or unobserved ; m
mid. perf.) XeXya/uiai, forget.
Xe'-yco, Xe'w, e'Xea, no perf. act.,
perf. pass. \\eyfjicu, aor. pass.
eXex^v, but the following are
commoner forms, fut. epw,
perf. e'LprjKa, pass, etprjfjuii,
aor. elirov, pass, eppridrjv,
speak, say.
*Xt[X(xa, TO (Xei7rw), what is left,
remnant.
Xeifiwv, -&vos, 6, meadow.
Xeiirw, \ei\pu, XeXotTra, eXurov,
leave, leave behind.
, see
*\<T\T|, r/, talk, conversation.
Xetos, Xec6, 6, people.
XeoxjxJpos, -ov, bearing people,
populous.
XrjSclvov, ro, ladanum, a kind of
gum.
XTJ0T], r) (Xavdavo/uLdi), forgetful-
ness.
Xtpavwrds, 6, frankincense.
Xipavci>To<f>dpos, -ov, incense-
bearing.
XL|JLVT], 7), lake, marsh.
Xi|i,os, 6, hunger, famine.
XtTrdpds, -a, -6v, lit. anointed
with oil, hence sleek, bright,
bright -skinned.
Xiirdpw (-<?w), hold out, endure ;
hence beg persistently, be-
seech.
*Xi<r<ro[xcu, beg, supplicate.
Xo < YttH <c U'5 calculate, consider ;
hence adv. from perf. partic.
*XeXo7i0>iej>ws, deliberately.
Xo-yi-ov, TO, saying, oracle.
VOCABULARY I.
129
X<tyos, 6, (1) word, talk, in
plur. conversation ; also
story, report; (2) thought,
as being expressed by lan-
guage, reason ; also % esteem,
Xoiiros, -T),-OV (XetTrw), remaining;
TO \OLTTOV, ra XotTrd, the rest,
also adverbially, f or the future,
hereafter, thereafter.
Xovw, wash.
XVKOS, 6, wolf.
Xv\vos, 6, but plur. ra \i>xva,
light, lamp.
Xcopt], r/, maltreatment, outrage.
Xco(3oo[icu (-do^tat), outrage, mal-
treat, mutilate.
M.
|xaivop.ai, fjiavov/JLOLL, aor. e/JLavrjv,
am mad.
|i.aKapito, pronounce happy,
congratulate (uaKap).
*jj.aKp6ptos, -ov, long-lived.
fidKpds, -a, -6v, long, far ; ^ta/cpy
as adv. by far.
jidXa, exceedingly, very much ;
judXa #XXot, many others ;
comp. ]ma\\oj>, to a greater ex-
tent, rather ; superl. /xdXta-ra.
often ra ^dXto-ra, very much,
especially.
paXaKos, -77, -ov, soft, yielding,
faint-hearted ; ovdev /xaXa/co^,
no sign of nagging.
jj.av0o.vco, /maOrjcro/uiaL, fJiefjLddrjKa,
tfjiadov, learn, discover, often
followed by participle, learn
that, etc.
|iavTiov, r6, shrine, also
oracle.
jiavTvo(i,ai, deliver an oracle,
prophesy ; also consult an
oracle.
jxavriKTj, r?, art or power of
divination.
|idvTts, -ews, 6, prophet, seer,
ixcunvyw (-6w), chastise, whip.
fxcuTTiij, -170?, 6, a whip,
scourge.
fxaratos, -a, -ov, idle, trifling,
foolish.
paXT], r,, battle.
|i.d\o}iai, fut. fjLaxovfJLai, aor.
/j,ax.(rdfJL'r)i>, give battle, tight.
|A'ycLXo'7rp < irws (i&yas, Trpeww,
beseem), adv. from fteyaXo-
TTpeirrjs, lit. befitting a great
man, magnificently.
p.-yas, /J,eyd\r), jmeya, great ; adv.
superl. fjicyiaros.
(Jt0-t0'q, aor. pass, of /JLeBirjfju.
|xe0-iT]|xi, send loose, let go, cast,
jjieOeivai, aor. iiifin. act.
fjt0-C(TTi]}jLL,putin another place,
hence in pass, and intrans.
act. tenses undergo change,
also depart.
fxe'Xci, impers. cum clat. it is a
care to, it concerns.
:XX?7<Tto, imperf. ijjmeXKov,
am about, likely, destined,
certain.
fiAos, r6 (1) limb, (2) song,
melody.
130
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
|j,}xvT||J,ai, perf. of
with present signification, fut.
fjLefjLvriaofjLaL, remember, usually
cum gen.
ji|A4>ofxat,)U^^o^ai, blame; cum
dat. of person, and ace. of
thing, blame a person for
something.
|iv, on the one hand, followed
by W.
p.vco, remain ; cum ace. wait
for, face an enemy.
|iepos, TO, part, share ; rb ^pos,
adverbially, partly.
p.cros, -rj, -ov, middle, moderate.
jxTa, prep, cum gen. dat. and
ace. in the midst, hence with,
among ; cum gen. between,
along with, by aid of ; cum
dat. among, with ; cum ace.
properly, going among, going
after, hence temporal, after.
Also in Herod, as an adverb,
afterwards, like ^Tretra in
Attic. In composition ivith
a verb, /uerd often signifies
change.
fATa-pou\vo{j.ai, change one's
plans.
jAcra-'yiYvwtrKtt, change one's
determination.
H-CTO/yvcocrLs, -ews, TJ, change of
purpose.
pLTa-ir|j.'7ro[xai, send for.
|AT-'x&>, have with, share.
(jLCTt'copos, -ov, off the ground,
above one's head.
juVpios, -a, -ov, moderate, of
medium size.
or iutxP L s> a dv. and prep,
cum gen. until, as long as,
during ; ^XP LS 5 until which
time, until.
H.T), not, in prohibitions, final
clauses, conditional clauses,
etc.
[i/r|8a[jiws, by no means.
fj/rj8, neither, not even.
|rr]8LS, /UL-rjdefJi.ia, jmrjdev, no-one ;
/jLydev adverbial, in no way.
i. n/rjv, strengthening particle,
verily, assuredly ; /cat nty,
besides, moreover.
II. [xrjv, fJLrjvos, 6, month.
p,T]pds, 6, thigh.
|j,TJT, nor ; /JLrjre . . . ^re, neither
. . . nor.
[iTf]TT|p, fjL-rjrpbs, rj, mother.
jA-qXa-VTi, ^, contrivance, plan,
resource.
|JiT]xavw|j.ai (-ao/xcu), -Tycro^at,
contrive, devise,
^fjiiv, ace. sing, of 3rd pers.
pronoun, him, her, it ; also
refiexivefor eavrov etc.
(xur6a> (-6w), let out for hire;
mid. hire.
TJP, -ijpos, 6, suitor.
, adv. with difficulty.
fjLotpa, r/, fate, lot ; also respect.
jj,ovo-yVT|S, -es, only-begotten.
P.OVOS, ->?, -ov, alone, only.
povco (-6w), make desolate ; in
pass, am left alone, deserted.
*jxopos, o, lot, destiny ; fate,
death.
VOCABULARY I.
131
*(idp<rijj.os, -ov, destined.
[xovo-iKV], i} (fern, of
supply re-xyTli art), music,
poetry and music, culture.
|Avptos,-a,-oj', countless, infinite;
usually in plur.
[Avpioi, -at, -a, ten thousand ;
also of any large number.
|ivp|j,T], -77/cos, 6, ant.
jjivpov, TO, unguent.
N.
vat, affirmative particle, as-
suredly, certainly, yes.
a, 77, sea-fight.
a>)j engage in a sea-
fight.
vavs, ^ecos, 17 (irreg. noun), ship.
veavuxs, -ou, 6, young man.
vT]Xvs (v eos, 3)\6ov), newly come.
VKpds. 6, dead body, dead.
vtKvs, -1*09, 6, corpse.
*vejt<ris, divine retribution. See
note on ix. (d.), 1. 1.
ve'jjxo, ve/jL^j, veve/uwjKa, tvei/jia,
distribute, assign, hence in
mid. have assigned to one,
possess, inhabit, occupy ;
similarly. also in active; hence
also from signifying dwell
in, vefjico is used for feed,
pasture cattle ; j/e/u. 6^77, em-
ploy mountains for pasturing.
*V<ryvds, 6v (veos, yovos), newly-
born.
vtos, -a, -ov, young, new, fresh,
unexpected.
Vo<rcrv<0 {-Treto}), hatch, perf.
part, vevoaaevfjitvos.
Voo-<rid (-ma), i], nest of young
birds, nest.
V'<j>os, r6, cloud.
Vco, veixrofjuu, swim.
Vcos, 6, temple.
VT]V(xia, 7] (vy-, not, &VC/JLOS,
breeze), a calm.
VLKW (-dw), conquer.
vojxi] (vfyw), 77, pasturage, pas-
ture-land.
vofxi^co, think, consider.
vdfios, custom, law ; hence a
strain of music, as composed
according to fixed rules (see
note on vr., 1. 21.)
VOOTTW (-e'o>), return home.
VOTIOS, -a, -ov, southern.
vov0Tco (-ea>), from vovs, and
stem of riBrj/jii, put in mind,
remind, admonish.
vovs, vov, 6, mind.
WKTpCs, -ios, 77, night-bird, bat.
vvv, adv. of time, now ; also
as an enclitic wv, now then,
therefore, so then.
vv>, vvKr6s, 77, night.
VWTOV, TO, back.
fyvltp, entertain, receive as a
guest.
j-c'vos, 6, one connected with
another by ties of hospitality,
hence either guest or host,
friend.
132
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
viXov, TO, timber, wood.
*|vXovp-yo> (-eco), work wood,
carpenter.
O.
6, 77, TO, definite article, the,
also ivith fj-ev and de, demon,
pron. this one, that one, he
etc. See on vm. A, 1, L 6.
o-ySoTJKovra, indecl. eighty.
68, ijde, rode, this; often re-
ferring to what follows, the
following, see note on vm. (a),
1, 1. 6.
0805, ?7, way, road, journey.
6oo, 6r](Tu,oouda ( perf.withpre*.
signification], smell, smell of,
cum gen. Sometimes impers.
6ei, there is a smell of.
ol, ol, dat. sing., see 06.
olSa, past tense ydy, ydtjo-Oa,
rjei(v) etc., sitbj. ei'5u), opt.
elSeirjv, part. dd<J}S,inf. eldfrai;
really a perf. with present
signification, know, often,
followed by part. , see note on
vm. C, 2, 1. 3; eldevai
X&piv, to feel gratitude.
o'iKios. -a, -ov, belonging to the
house, hence akin ; also one's
own, peculiar, private.
O'IKCUO (-6w), claim as one's own.
olKTT]S, -ou, 6, inmate of one's
house, ivhether slave, or one
of the family.
oiio]<ris, -&>s, 77, dwelling.
oiKia, 77, house, household ; also
family, race.
ol'Kiov, TO, abode, usually in
plur. TO, OLKLCL, palace, mansion
etc., as including ranges of
oiKoSouw (-ew), build a house,
build.
O!KOS, 6, house, household, house.
O'IKW (-^w), inhabit.
olvos, 6, wine.
otos, -a, -ov, such as, of what
kind, as, after rotos ; "hence
olos re elfji, cum infin. I am
the sort of man to do it, i.e.
I am able, adv. old, like as if.
ols, oios, ace. olv, 6 and 77, sheep.
ot')(0fx(u,/w. ol%77cro/x,ai, am gone,
depart.
oK'X\a), run aground.
*-6X|3u>s, -a, -ov, happy, pros-
perous.
oXcOpos, 6, destruction, death.
oXi-yos, -77, -ov, small, few.
\ao~ff&v, e\d%t(TTos or oXiyLcr-
TOS, are used for the comp.
and superl.
'OXv|j.iria, rd (neut. from adj.
'OXu/xTrtos), the Olympic
games ; see on xiv. (b), 1. 4.
, 6, throng, crowd.
swear ; cum ace. swear by.
, -a, -ov, like, resembling,
equal, cum dat. ; adv. o/iotws,
in like manner.
fxov, adv. together, together
with, cum dat.
6fio<|>povc!) (-&o), am of one
mind, agree, cum dat.
VOCABULARY I.
133
tffjuos, conj. nevertheless.
6vi8t, blame, revile, impute
as blame, usually cum dat.
of person.
*6vt8KTjj.a, TO, a reproach.
*6vipoir6\os, 6, interpreter of
dreams.
6vtpos, 6, a dream.
6vojxa, TO, name.
6vo[Aa. call, name,
ovojxcurrds, y, ov, named, famous.
6vos, 6, ass.
frirT), by which way, where ;
also, how.
6'iri<r0(y), adv. and prep, cum
gen. behind ; also of time,
hereafter.
6mo-, adv. backwards, back.
6irXCw, provide with arms, arm.
5-irXov, r6, tool, esp. implement
of war, arms.
6ird0v, whence, in indirect
questions.
oiroios, -a, -ov, of what sort, in
indirect questions ; also indef.
of whatever sort.
6-irdcros, -f]-, -ov, of what size,
how much, how many (in
plur. ) in indirect questions ;
indef. of whatever size, as
many as.
6iroTpos, -a, -ov, which of two,
in indirect questions; indef.
whichever.
frrrov, where, in indirect ques-
tions ; indef. wherever, where.
OTTTCO (-da)), roast.
(1) as final conj. cum subj.
and opt., in order that, that;
(2) how, in indirect questions;
(3) when, whenever.
opyrj, i], disposition ; also,
passion, anger. Adv. opyy,
angrily.
opeyco, stretch out.
6p0tos, -a, ~ov, shrill ; 6p6ios
VOJJLOS, the Orthian Nome, see
on vi. 1. 21.
6p0pios, a, -ov, in the morning ;
TO opdpiov, as adverb.
6p0ws, adv. of 6pB 6s, rightly.
6pKos, 6, oath.
fxw (-ctw), set in motion ; also
intrans. set oneself in motion,
rush, am eager, hasten ;
opfjLcicrdat,, start ; also, to be
eager.
6pvts, -Wos, 6 and i], bird.
opos, TO, mountain.
I, fear.
, -ews, i} 9 dancing, dance.
6px.ovjj.ai (-^Oyaai), dance.
opw (-da)) O^O^OLL, et6/oa/ca or
edpcLKa, eldov, aor. pass. &<f)6yv,
inf. 6<pdrivai, see, behold.
6s, ff, 6', rel. pron. who, which;
also, with Kai,demonstr. he etc.
fw), scent, smell.
6<ros, -7), -ov, as great as, as
much as, as far as etc. ; in
plur. as many as.
tf<nrp, 7?7rep, oirep, strengthened
form of 6's, the very one who,
the very thing which, etc.
134
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
#<TTIS, rJTis, 6 TL, who, which,
what, in indirect questions;
also indef. whoever etc.
Gen. and dat. ofirivos, $TLVL,
or OTOV, 6Vy.
tfrav (ore, &v) whenever, in
present or future time; see
under &v.
#T, when.
tfn (neut. of &ms), (1) that,
after verbs of saying, knowing
etc. OTI jjir}, except that, ex-
cepting, a verb of saying etc.
being understood before STL ;
(2) because ; (3) with superl.
like qudm in Latin, e.g. OTL
ju^yto-Tos, as great as possible.
tfrov, #ry, see under oVns.
ov, OVK, and o^x, before wi-
aspirated and aspirated
vowels respectively, not.
o, non- Attic gen. (no nomin.)
of the reflexive pronoun ;
dative ol, sibi, found rarely
in Attic prose ; but ol enclitic
is not reflexive, to him, her
etc. (not used in Attic prose}.
ovSafxfj, nowhere.
*ov8ajids, -rt, -6v, no one.
ov8a|is, in no way.
ov84, not even, nor yet.
ouScis, ovdt/uua, ovdtv, gen. ovdevbs,
etc. no one. ovdtv, adverbial,
in no way, no whit.
ov8Tpos, -a, -ov, neither of two.
OVKTI, adv. no longer.
otficovv, not therefore, so not.
ofiv, therefore, then.
, not yet.
otipd, i], tail.
os, euros, TO, ear.
oi5r, nor ; oure . . . otfre, neither
. . nor.
oSros, a.vTr), TOVTO, this, also as
3rd pers. pron. he, she, it.
TOVTO IJLV . . . TOVTO oe^adverbial,
firstly . . . secondly.
otfrw, ourws, adv. in this way,
thus.
6(f>eiXa>, -170-0;, 2 aor. &<f>e\ot>,
owe, am bound ; &(pe\ov, cum
infln. I ought to have ; hence
to express a wish which can-
not be fulfilled, e.g. &<f>e\ov
iroLclv, would that I were
(now) doing ; tifaXov Troiijaai,
would that I had done (lit.
I ought to be doing, or, have
done).
6<(>0aX}x6s, 6, eye.
6<|>0(s, 6(f>6rjvcu., see opu).
*6<f>is, -ews, 6, serpent.
6)(w (^w), bear, hence in pass.
oxoOyuai, cum fut. mid. am
borne, ride.
&|/is, -ews, i} (6\j/ofj.(u}, (1) a thing
seen, a vision,* apparition ;
(2) power of seeing, eyesight.
6v|/o[xat, see 6p&.
n.
iraOos, TQ (irdffxw, 7ra0-iv),
sufiering, affliction ; also t
emotion, passion.
*iraryvta, i), sport, game.
VOCABULARY I.
135
v, -ov, sportive, fond
of a joke.
-rraiSa-ywyoS (irals, #7^), -ov,
leading or guiding boys,
usually as a substantive, 6
ircud. , tutor, properly a slave
who escorted the boy to and
from school.
ircu8vcris, -ews, i), rearing, edu-
cation.
ircuSiov, TO, (dimin. of TTCUS), a
little child.
&rawa, play, sport, jest.
TTCUS, 6 and rj, child, boy, son,
girl, daughter.
irdXai, adv. long ago, formerly.
oraXaids, a, 6v , ancient ; CK
TraXaiov, adverbial, from of
old,
irdXiv, adv. back, hence, again.
iravTJ'yvpis, -ews, r/ (TTCIS, dyopd],
assembly of the whole people,
hence general f estival ,hol iday .
TravTax60v, adv. from all sides,
everywhere.
iravTotos, -a, -ov, of all sorts,
manifold.
irdvTws, wholly, altogether.
irdvv, altogether, exceedingly ;
also, assuredly.
irapd, prep, cum gen. dat. accus.
alongside ; hence ( 1 ), cum gen.
from alongside of, from ; (2)
cum dat. rest alongside of, by,
near, among ; hence cum dat.
of person, in the eyes of,
judgment of ; (3) cum ace. to
alongside of, to, towards ;
also, stretching along, all
along.
imp-cry yc'X.Xw, pass on an order.
Trapa-"yt'yvofJLai, am at hand, am
with ; followed by es, come
to, arrive at.
*irapa--yv|xvw
disclose.
lay bare,
u, give into the
hands of, give up, surren-
der.
Trap-atvw
advise.
recommend,
-o)j.a.i), beg from,
entreat earnestly for.
irapct-KXtvco, bend aside, open
a little.
irapa-Kpivo), separate, draw up,
array.
irapa-Xafipdvw, take from
another, receive, succeed to;
also, receive a message or
tradition.
*irapa-Xvo, loose from.
Trapa-fxcvci), stay with, stand
one's ground, remain.
irapa-irX^crios, -a, -ov (or, -03,
-ov}, similar, like.
*-irapa-(rdTTft), fut. -ffd%w, cram
alongside.
irapa-<rKvda>,/k.-a-w, prepare.
irapcurKUT|, preparation, equip-
ment.
irapa-TC0T](j,i, place before.
7rapa-<f>'pco, bring before, hand
to.
136
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
*Trapa-4>pov, am beside my-
self, mad.
*irapa-\pwjjuu (-xpdo/xcu), neg-
lect.
*irap8pos, -ov, sitting beside.
irdp-4u(sMra), am present ; cum
dat. am with; Trap, es, come
to. irdpeffTL, impers., it is
possible ; v rC? irapbvTL, under
present circumstances, for
the present.
jrdp-ifu (ibo), go along, go
forward, advance.
*-irdpK, Trdpe, prep, cum gen.
outside, beyond, besides.
*Trap-\KO), drag alongside.
irap-epxofJicu, pass by, pass ;
also, come forward.
Trap-c'xcD, furnish, supply ;
similarly in mid. provide,
display ; impers. Trape'xei, it is
allowed, one has the chance.
irapOevos, ?/, maiden.
irap-^ojJiaL, sit beside.
irap-i(rTT][ii, set, place, beside ;
hence in pass, and intrans.
act. tenses, stand by, aid ;
also, submit ; in mid. win
over to one's side, or, views.
Iras, Tracra, TTOLV, all, every.
irci<rofJMi t TrtirovQa,
eiraffov, suffer, endure ; in-
trans. am in a certain state,
e8, Aca/ccus 7rd(7%w etc.
iraTTJp, TTctTpbs, 6, father.
*ird,Tpa, 7), fatherland ; also,
family, descent.
Trarpis, I8os, 7), fatherland.
-wos, 6, paternal uncle.
irciTpwos, -a, -ov, belonging to a
father, inherited, paternal.
iravw, make to stop from, cum
ace. of person, and gen. of
thing, also, cum participle;
mid. Tratfo/Acu, cease, stop.
77, fetter.
, TO, plain,
^ds, -^, -6v, on foot ; 6 irefa
arparos or 6 irefa, alone, the
infantry ; also, theland-force,
as opposed to naval troops.
iri0co, TreLo-cj, persuade ; in mid.
and pass, am persuaded ;
hence cum dat. obey.
(-doyucu), -do-0/m.cLL, try,
endeavour, cum infin.', cum
gen. make trial of.
irc'Xcryos, r6, sea.
OS, -77, -ov, fifth.
, send, send off.
7TVT, five.
ircvTTJKovTa, fifty.
irp, emphatic particle (enclitic),
indeed, of a truth ; 6s Trep,
or offirep, the very one who ;
Heifav fj Trep, greater indeed
than etc.
ircpl, prep, cum gen. dat. ace.
around, about ; (1) cum gen.
about, concerning ; for irepi
TTO\\OV, see on xi. (?), 2, 1. 10.
(2) cum dat. around, on be-
half of, for. (3) cum ace.
strictly motion round about ;
also, 'throughout, all over ;
also, with reference to.
irpi-d < yw, conduct round.
VOCABULARY I.
137
ircpi-eupd), take away all round,
pull down, remove.
7Tpia\)XVios, -ov, for putting
round the neck ; as subst. TO
Trepiavx^vLov, necklace.
irpi- < yt'yvo|xat,am superior, over-
come, cum gen.; also, survive,
escape.
7Tpi-i|Ai (sum), survive.
irep-ci|u (ibo), go round.
Trepi-fi-TrcD, -^i/>w, aor. -<nrov,
imperf. -elirov, treat, handle.
rrpi-pxop,ai, come round to,
come into the hands of.
*irpi<rxo.Tos, -?/, -ov, almost the
last.
irpi-'xa>, encompass, surround;
mid. cling to, cleave to.
* < TTpt-T]fJLKTa> (-&o), feel pain,
feel aggrieved.
-ircpi-uTTTHJu, place round ; in
pass, and intrans. tenses of
active, surround, come round.
*irpi-Kao, burn all round.
* < TTpL-Kipw, clip all round, clip.
irpi-KVKX(o(-^w),moveinacircle;
in mid. encompass, surround.
*iripi%, adv. and prep, cum gen.
and accus. round about.
trpi-opw (-aw), lit. look all round,
hence, overlook, look on and
allow ; (1) cum infin. allow a
person to set about doing
something ; (2) cum part.
look on while a person does
something, i.e. not to interfere
with a view to prevention, or
punishment, remedy, etc.
irepi-TrtirTO), lit. fall round, fall
foul of, collide.
irpi-iroitv, make to remain
over, save.
rrcpuro-os (-TTOS), 17, cv, beyond
the usual amount, excessive;
also, strange, unusual.
TTcpL-vppC^ft), treat insolently,
grossly outrage.
ircpi-xcip^s, -&, exceeding joy-
ful, delighted.
irco-o-Js, (-TTOS), 6, an oval stone
for playing a game like our
draughts or chess ; used in
plur. for the game,, draughts,
chess.
irf], adv. how.
""HY^ 'hi fountain, spring,
source.
irtjXos, 6, mud, clay.
irfjxvs, -ews, 6, cubit.
iriKpos, -a, -6v, bitter, harsh.
7rt|jnrXr]jii, 7rX?7(rw, aor. pass.
eTrXrjo-Brjv, fill, cum gen. of
that with which a thing is
filed.
irtvw, Trio/mi,
drink.
7T(TOVfjLai,
TT<TOV, fall.
vo), entrust, cum dat. of
person.
rncTTos, rj, ov, of persons, trust-
worthy, faithful, q/ things
reported, credible.
irXdvij. 77, wandering, travel.
irXavw, make to wander ; in
pass, wander, roam.
138
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
irXdo-orco (-TTW), TrXdcrw, mould,
form, invent.
irXaTos, TO, breadth.
TrXarvs, -eta, -v, broad, flat.
irXcioPTos, see TroXfo.
irXcov, Tr\iwv, see iroXvs.
irXe'o), TrXewroyucu, sail.
irXf]9os, TO, crowd, multitude,
populace, number.
TrX^jOw, usually only in present,
am full.
irXTJv, ar/i>. a?io? >re>. cum gen.
except.
irX-ppw (-6w), make full ; of a
ship, man.
irXVjpwfia, TO, full measure, com-
plement ; fai)s 7r\r)p. /maKpo-
TCLTOV, the longest span of life.
irX^jcras, aor. part. act. of TTLIUL-
TT\7]jU,l.
irXotov, TO, (TrXew), ship, vessel ;
oftt>n,a, merchant or transport
ship, as distinct from a man-
of-war.
irXovs (contr. from ?rX6os), 6,
voyage (TrXew).
irXovTos, 6, wealth.
irXovTw (-e'w), am wealthy.
7ro8avi7TTi]p, -rjpos, 6, vessel for
washing the feet, foot-pan.
(TTOIJS and J//TTTW, wash).
jroiT](rLS, -ecos, 77, making, manu-
facture.
* < 7roL < q<()a < y<o (-ew), eat grass.
(TTo/a, TToa, grass, and (frayeiv,
see <r6iw).
TTOtKiXos, -?;, -oj>, many-coloured.
, -^os, 6, shepherd.
, 77, flock.
iroiw (-ew), make, produce, com-
pose, cause ; in mid. make
for oneself, regard, consider;
X670P Troti<T0aL, make con-
sideration of, attach import-
ance to ; Xo7oi>s 7rote?(70cu,
bring about, enter into, a
conversation.
, -a, -ov, hostile.
, 6, war.
iroXiopKux, T), siege.
TroXiopKco (-^w), besiege.
iroXis, -ew?, 77, city.
iroXCTTjs, -ov, 6, citizen.
iroXXciKis, adv. often.
iroXvs, 7ToXX77, TroXtf, much, in
plur. many ; also, of ten -
repeated. TroXi;, as adv. by
far.
*irofi.iros, 6, conductor, escort
(TT^UTrw).
irovos, 6, labour, trouble,
struggle.
irop0fj.vs, 6, boatman, sailor.
* < Trop0}i6s, 6, strait,
iropos, 6, properly m,eans of
crossing, ford, hence means,
resource, solution of a diffi-
culty.
rrop<|>vpa, 77, purple.
7ropc|)vpovs (-f'os), -a, -ovv, purple.
uocris, -ews, 77, act of drinking,
drink.
, 6, river.
VOCABULARY I.
139
ir<$T, (1) when ; (2) IT vrt , enclitic,
at any time, once, ever ; an
intensifying force in questions,
rts Trore, who on earth, who
ever.
iroTCpos, -a, -ov, which of two ;
hence irbrtpov, adverbial,
usually followedby tf, whether
... or.
irov, (1) where ; (2) TTOU, enclitic,
anywhere ; also without local
meaning, certainly, I suppose.
TTOVS, 7T056S, 6, foot.
a, r6, action, deed, affair.
T], see TraAw.
Trpd<r<rco (-TTW), irpQw, Tr^TT/ra^a,
27r/>aa, do, manage ; also in-
trans, cum perf. 2, irtirpaya,
fare.
irp<rpvs, -ews, 6, old-man ; also
adjectival in comp. Trpeo-pv-
repos, -a, -ov, elder.
Trpcrpim]s, -ou, 6, an old-man ;
also adjectival Trpeo-fi. dvr)p.
irpid(Jivos, see uvovpai.
n-ptv, adv. of time, before; irpiv
tf, cum in/in, sooner than, be-
fore that ; rb irpiv, adverbial,
formerly.
irpo, prep, cum gen. before, in
front of ; hence in behalf of ,for.
T-po-a-yopevo), proclaim, order.
Trpo-CL-YCi), lead forward, lead on.
irpo-aKova), hear beforehand.
irpodarTiov, r6, suburb (aaru).
Trpo-patvco, -pyaofjiai, -/S^ty/ca,
-^j3?7i/,move forward, advance.
', rb (lit. a thing that
moves forward or walks), cat
tie, esjiec. sheep.
irpo-SCSwpi, give up, betray.
(ibo), go on, advance.
irpo-ctirov, aor. no pres. tell be-
forehand, order.
irpo-ipT]n,vos, used as perf.
partic. of irpo-elirov.
irpo-el-av-Ccmjfja, in the mid.
rise up from one's place too
soon, start before the
signal.
irpo0vp.ovp.cu (-^o/zai), -^tro/iat,
am eager, zealous.
JTp00t3[AS, Ctdv. Of TTpoBvfJLOS,
eagerly, zealously.
irpo-iT][JLi, send forth, hence give
up.
irpo-(o-TT](ii, set forward ; in
mid. set forward as one's
champion, choose as one's
leader ; in pass, and intrans.
active tenses, stand before,
lead, regulate, cum gen.
7rpd-Ki|j.cu, lie before ; hence
am set before, am appointed.
irpo-Xa^pdvo), take beforehand ;
cum gen. irpoK. rrjs odou, get
on the road beforehand, get
a start.
*irpojxaxwv, -Coves, 6, bulwark,
rampart.
7rpo-jxT]9o\)[JLai, take care of be-
forehand, shew respect to,
cum gen.
* < irpo-vav|ia\to (-^w), tight a
naval battle in behalf of.
140
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
rrpdvoia, TI, forethought, fore-
knowledge. K irpovoias, on
purpose.
nrpo-ir^|A < Tra>,send forward, escort.
irpo-irvvBctvojjiai, learn before-
hand.
irpdppi^os, -ov, by the roots,
root and branch, utterly.
irpds, prep, cum gen. dat. ace.
(1) cum gen. motion from, at
the hands of, by, also in
favour of. (2) cum dat. hard
by, usually in addition to.
(3) cum ace. motion to, to-
wards, against, concerning,
according to. irpb? mOra,
considering this, thereiore.
irpocr-d'yw, lead to ; hence in
mid. lead to oneself, win over.
strike against,
make an attack.
irpoo-pcuris, -ews, 77, approach.
irp<xrpo\T|, attack, assault.
irpo<r- < yfyvon<u, am in addition,
am besides.
^irpoorcCKcXos, -77, -ov, resembling.
irpd<r-ifju (sum), am added, am
in addition to.
irpd(r-i|u (ibo], go to, approach;
pres. withfut. meaning.
*irpo<r-j-cupov|j,ai (-lo/tat), se-
lect in addition.
irpo<r-p\o|A<u, approach, come
up.
rrpo<rTi, adv. besides.
irpd<r0v, before, of time or place,
forwards ; TO irpbvBev, the
front.
rrpdtrOios, -a, -ov, front, fore-
most.
7rpd<r-Ki[J.cu, lit. lie at or near,
hence belong to, fall to ; also
attach oneself to, solicit,
make overtures to.
jrpoo--KTa)fxai (-/craoyucu), acquire
in addition to, cum dat.
irpocr-Kwo) (-w},lit. kiss the hand
to, hence, do obeisance to,
salute, adore.
-irpocr-Tri'irTw, fall at a person's
knees in supplication.
*7rpocr-'TrXcurcra> (-TTCO), mould,
construct upon, followed by
TTpos cum dat.
irpo<r-Ta<r<ra> (-TTW), give orders
to.
TrpcxrTaTTjs, -ov, 6 (irpo, tffrt)fu) 9
one who stands at the front,
leader, champion.
irpo(r-T0T]|j,i, attach to, add to ;
in mid. attach oneself to,
assent to, aid.
irpo(r-4>pa), bring to, lay be-
fore ; in pass, come near,
*resemble.
7rpocr<|)tX.^s, -es, beloved, popu-
lar.
irpoo-o), forwards ; rb irpbaw,
the front ; es TO irpbaw, for-
wards.
-irpoo-wrrov,
face.
TO, countenance,
7rpoTpatos, -a, -ov, on the day
before ; usually as subsf. 17
TrporepalcL, the previous day.
7rpoTpos, -a, -ov, before, earlier.
VOCABULARY I.
141
*trpo-Tl0i]p.i, place before, pro-
pose, assign to, expose a
child.
7rpo-<f>pcD, excel, surpass.
irpvjAva, 77, of a vessel, stern.
iri TrpvjjLvav, adverbial, astern.
irpwTOS, -77, -GJ>, first; TO irp&rov,
ra Trpcora, adverbial, in the
first place, firstly.
*irTpa>Tos, -77, -6v, winged.
irvXt], 77, gate.
irvXis, -idos, 77, a little gate,
postern.
*irvXcopos, o, gate-keeper.
7rvv9dvo(Jiai, nevcro/mai, ireirvfffjLai,'
Trv66fjLr)v, ask, inquire, also
learn by asking, hear news of.
irvp, irvpbs, r6, fire.
irvpa, -as, 77, funeral -pyre.
Trvpd, rc (no sing. ), watch-fires.
ifvp-yos, 6, tower,
iro), enclitic, yet.
irwXw (-eo>), flit. dTrod(baojuiaL,aor.
direddfji^v, aor. pass. eTrpadyv,
offer for sale, sell.
jrwjjia, TO, drink.
TTWS, (1) how ; (2) enclitic TTCOS,
anyhow.
P.
pctpSos, 77, stick, wand,
pam^w, strike with a stick,
beat.
;: pi9pov, TO, stream.
pG(i,a, TO, current, stream.
p0, pevcro/uLCLi, eppurjKa, aor. Zp-
pevcra or eppifrjv, flow.
jyf\yv\)[L(., p^w, aor. pass, e/opa-
yrji>, break ; also cause to
break forth, pfj^cu $u>vr)v.
pT]9is, aor. pass, partic.; see
r6, word.
ptTTTw, throw, hurl.
pis, plvbs, T), nose, nostril.
*pii|jids, 6, carriage-pole.
*pvojjiai, lit. draw to oneself,
hence draw out of danger,
rescue, deliver.
*po>[jiaX'os, -a, -ov, strong.
PCOJJLT], 77, physical strength.
S.
<rcu|>T|s, -k, clear, certain ; adv.
cra0ws.
crpVW[j.L, cr/Sea-w, aor. pass.
ffj3o-6t]v, quench, put out.
(TtaoTov, contracted aavrov, -rjv
(no nom.), reflexive pronoun,
2nd person, thyself.
<rpo|j,ai, reverence, worship.
o-ipa<f>dpos, -ov, led by a rope,
hence of a horse, drawing by
the trace, not by the yoke.
(reaves, -77, -6v, revered, stately.
<TY][jiaivcD, signify, make a sign
to.
o-i-yrj, 77, silence.
<ri-ya> (-aw), am silent.
<riTT]<rts, -ecus, 77, act of feeding,
also food, provisions.
142
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
frirfov, r6, usually in plur.
bread, provisions.
o-iToSeta, 77 (5eo/xat), scarcity of
corn, famine.
o-iToiroids, -bv, bread-making ;
as noun, 77 O-ITOTT. baker-
woman.
CTITOS, 6, plur. ra (Tira, corn, food.
*<riTo<|>opos, -ov, carrying corn,
of beasts of burden.
<riTo> (-ecu), feed ; in pass, take
food, eat ; also cum ace. feed
on.
S, TO, leg.
<rKVT], 77, equipment, attire.
<rKotrw (-ew), only in pres. and
imperf. behold, look at, exa-
mine, consider.
<r|UKpos, -a, -ov (older form of
), small, little ; compar.
repos or fjieLwv, superl.
crfjivpva, 77, myrrh.
cros, 0-77, ffbv, thy, thine.
cro<(>ia, 77, wisdom, skill.
<ro$ll<>>, devise.
<rd<))i<r}xa, ro. contrivance, in-
vention.
cro<j>6s, -77, -6i>, wise, skilful,
learned.
w, am in want of, cum
gen.
crirdvios, -a, -ov, rare, scanty.
^o-ircp-ya), make to hasten ; in
pass, hasten, thus aor. partic.
(nrepxOei-s, in haste, hurriedly,
eagerly.
<rirv8, make to hasten, urge
on, cum ace.
crrrovSTJ, 77, haste, zeal, pains.
<TTa8tov, rb (plur. rot o-rciSia or
oi (rrdSioi), stade, a measure
of length, rather short of a
furlong (606% ft.).
o-Ta9(j.w|jLcu (-do/iat), measure,
estimate, judge, reckon.
o-racridtw, am at discord, en-
gage in party strife.
*O-T'YT], 77 (areyeiv, to cover),
roof, hence room.
<TTv6s, -T), -6v, narrow ; ev
(Trevip, in a narrow space, in
a strait.
o-Tpw (-ew), deprive of.
crT<))avw (-ow), surround, hence
to wreath, crown, as a reward
for an athletic victory.
, 6, equipment, expedi-
tion.
dfjia, TO, mouth.
(-6u>), gag.
ou, 6, general of
an army.
o-TpaTcCa, 77, expedition.
orTpdreujjia, TO, expedition, also
army.
<TTpaTva), take the field, go on
a campaign ; similarly in
mid.
o-TpaTTryos, 6, general.
o-Tparid, 77, army,
<TTpaTiwTr]s, -ov, 6, soldier.
<TTpaT<5s, 6, army.
VOCABULARY I.
143
v, TO, camp, also
army.
o-Tpc-inrds, -77, -6v or -6s, -oV,
twisted ; as subst. 6 CTTPCTTTOS,
collar.
<rrpov9ds, 6, small bird, sparrow.
<rrvpa, -a/cos, 17, shrub yielding
storax, a kind of resin, storax -
plant.
crv, 2nd pers. pron. thou, plur.
i>/JilS.
<rvyyvf\s, -es, akin, kindred.
<rvyyvwjxT], 77 (sympathy with,
pity for, hence] pardon.
crvy-KaXw (-ew), call together,
summon.
*<rvy-KaTa-Kaa>, burn up along
with.
<r\ry-Ki[jiai, lie with, hence be
arranged with, agreed upon.
*<rvy-Kvpw (-ew), happen, chance,
occur.
o-vy-xpw (-ew), go with, agree.
<rvX-Xa{Apdva>, take with, hence
help.
cruX-Xc'-yw, collect, assemble.
o-vX-Xo-yos, assembly, council.
<rvX-Xvjroi>(ji,cu (-eoyucu), feel pain
with, sympathise with, con-
dole.
<rujjL-pavo>, go with, hence coin- .
cide with, agree with ; also
impers. <rvfj.f3ati>ei, it happens.
o-vp. pdXXw, throw together,
hence compare ; also iritrans.
engage in battle, come to
blows ; in mid. conjecture.
vw, give counsel to.
, ?}, advice.
<rvfx|iaxos, fighting with, allied ;
as subst. an ally.
<rufjt-[u<ryo> (Att. -fjiiyvvfu), fat.
-/u.tu, mingle together, hence
have intercourse with, con-
verse with ; also cum ace. and
dat. *communicate something
to one.
*<rvfA-iraiG>} sport with.
crvjx-7rXKa) (aor. pass. -Tr\dKijv),
plait together, hence entangle,
of two vessels.
orvixiroTTjs, -ov, 6, fellow-drinker,
boon-companion.
(rvfjnrpaKTWp, -o/>os, 6 (lit. doer
ivith), helper.
<rvjj,-4>p<), intrans. turn out,
happen.
(rvv-d-yw, bring together ; also
unite in marriage, get a
daughter married.
o-vv-oX^w, collect together.
cruveSpiov, TO, sitting together,
council.
*<rw-iXa> (-ea>), crowd together,
fasten tightly together.
o-vv-itjfu, send, put together,
hence put together in one's
mind, understand, perceive.
o-w-fo-rrjfu, place together ; in
pass, and intrans. act. tenses,
stand together, meet.
*<rw-vo>, pile up.
(rvv-vow (-cw), think upon, re-
flect.
144
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
<rvv-oia]<ris, -ews, 17, living to-
gether, marriage.
<rvv-oiK<o (-ew), live with, marry.
*<ruv-Taxvva>, hasten on, hasten
to an end.
<ruv-Ti9T]}xi, put together ; in
mid. arrange about, agree
upon, settle.
<rvv-TpX.a>, run together.
<r4>aa> (Att. -rrw], <r0aw,
slaughter.
<r(|>cupa, 77, globe, sphere, ball.
<r<|>ts, ace. 0"</>as, gen. acfi&v, dat.
<r<j>i<Ti, also in Herod, (reft, <r0u>,
enclitic, 3rd pers. pron. plur.
they.
<r(|)Tpos, -a, -oi', possess, pron.
their, their own.
<rx.T\ios, -a, -oi/, wretched,
miserable.
*o"X.T][i.a.Tiov, > dance-figure.
<rw, o-axrw, save, preserve.
<ro>p.a, TO, body, person.
<ra>pos, 6, heap.
crws, crua, <r(av, gen. auov, etc.
safe.
^crtocrrpa, rd, thank-offering for
deliverance.
T.
ToXavrov, TO, a talent, measure
of weight, hence of money, a
talent's weight of silver = about
243.
T<XIS, -ews, T), arrangement,
array, good order ; also
post.
, -es, fond of causing
trouble, trouble-causing.
Tapt^V(), embalm, of mummies.
TCUTO-CD (-TTW), arrange, station,
appoint.
ravrfj, fern. dat. of ofiros, used
adverbially, in this way, by
this way.
racj)^, 77, funeral ; also mode of
burial.
TCL<()OS, 6, burial ; also, tomb.
TO.XVS, -eta, -i5, quick ; adv.
Taxews, quickly ; compar.
davcrwv (-TTan'), superl. TCLXIO--
TOS. TT)V TCLXtffTIJV (supply
656v), the quickest way, with
the greatest, speed.
TaxvT^s, -TJTOS, 77, swiftness.
T, enclitic, and ; re .., re, or re
... /cat, both ... and.
T0vrjKa, see 6vt]UKw.
Tc'Opiinros, -ov, with four horses ;
as subst. TO reOpLinrov (supply
dpfjia), four- horse chariot.
TI)(OS, TO, wall.
*Tixo<f>vXaj-, -a/co?, 6, keeper of
the wall.
TKp/rjpiov, TO, evidence, proof.
, -a, -ov, complete, ended,
fulfilled.
T\iw (-6a>), cottiplete, effect.
T\VTT|, 77, end.
T\\JTW (-aw), (1) come to an
end, die ; (2) am the end of,
cum gen. ; (3) make an end of,
end, cum ace.
VOCABULARY I.
145
T\OS, r6, end ; hence, office, or
magistracy, as being the final
or highest station in civil life;
also adverbial, at last, finally.
reXw (-u},fut.re\(ru, contracted
reXw, bring to an end, accom-
plish.
Tpas, r6, a wonder, marvel,
prodigy.
T&r<rapS (rerr-), neut. rfoo-apa,
four.
rea-crapaKcuScKa, fourteen.
T<r<rapd,KovTa, forty.
Terapros, -r), -ov, ordinal numb.
fourth.
TTOKa, see TIKTU.
TTpa,KicrxiXuH, -at, -a, four
thousand.
TTpo/iro8ov, TO, quadruped.
Te'rpfya, see rpitu.
ts, so long, while; also, for
a time.
rt^t]\Li, 0r)(ru, reOeLKa, #97/01,
place, put ; also in mid. ar-
range.
TIKTW, reojucu, TCTOKCL, ZTCKOV,
bring forth, bear children,
rtfuos, -a, -ov, held in honour,
valued, prized.
TIJXW (-CLU), honour ; in mid.
value.
Tijuopw (-ew), cum dat. help ;
also, avenge ; in mid. cum
ace. take vengeance upon.
rlvw, rtVw, T^TLKCL, %Ti(ra, pay ;
in mid. to have something
paid one, get someone to pay
compensation, hence, cum ace.
of person, take vengeance on,
punish.
rts, (1) interrog. who; (2) in-
definite, anyone, someone (en-
clitic}; TI sometimes adverbial,
at all.
runs, -cuts, T], penalty.
TOI, enclitic particle, verily, in
truth.
TOIVVV, so then, therefore.
TotoirSc, -dde, -<fr5e, of such a
kind, as follows.
TOIOVTOS, TOLai'TTJ, TOIOVTO, of
such a kind, such, usually
referring in narrative to what
has preceded.
ToXp,w (-aw), dare, venture.
TOJJOV, ro, bow.
TOCTOVTOS, roffavrrj, roffovro, so
great, so much ; in plur. so
many.
Tpd-n^a, T), table.
TOT, adv. then, at that time.
Tpdxa>s, adv. 6/Tpaxvs, roughly,
harshly.
rpis, rpia, three.
TpeVo), turn ; rpeireiv CTTL vovv,
put into one's mind ; mid.
rpe-rreo-eaL es <pvyr)i', etc. betake
oneself to.
Tp<()w, eptyu, rfrpoQa, pass.
rt6pafjL/uLcu, 2nd aoi\ pass.
eTpd<j>r)j>, nourish, rear.
ci), fut. Bp^ofj.aL, Oetao/ULCLi,
or dpafjLovfjLcu, aor. Z5pafj.oi>,
run.
146
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
*Tpio>, pf.ivith present meaning
r^Tpiya, utter a shrill cry,
squeak.
TpirjpTjs, -es,lit. triply -furnished,
usually as subst. 77 TpLrjprjs
(supply vavs), a trireme, i.e.
a ivar vessel with 3 banks of
oars.
rpfe, numeral adv. thrice.
Tpiros, -77, -ov, third ; neut.
rptrov, as adv. thirdly,
rpdirif], 77 (lit. turning), rout,
defeat.
rpoTTos, lit. turning; hence,
way, manner, means ; also,
as we say turn of mind, i.e.
disposition, character.
rpvo), lit. rub ; hence, wear out,
afflict, distress.
TiryX < * vo> > rev&fjiai, Terir^/ca,
Zrvxov, obtain ; usually cum
gen.; also intrans. chance,
happen, often cum partic. of
another verb ; frequently im-
personal.
Tv-mro), fut. TijTrrrjo-a), the other
tenses are not found in Attic,
strike, beat ; also, wound ;
mid. TviTTOfjicu, I beat myself,
hence, mourn, mourn for,
cum. ace.
rupavvis, -f 05,77, absolute power,
sovereignty.
_ r __ . .,j, -ov, 6, an overbearing
intemperate person ; also
adjectivally, Trcudes U/S/HCTTCU,
wild, ungovernable.
v8cop, gen. vdaros, r6, water.
vtos, gen. viov, or vttos, plur.
ftets, view, vitvi, vleTs, son.
t|Xis, 2nd pers. pron. plur. you.
vjxTpos, -a, -ov, possess, pron.
2nd pers. plur. your.
vir-a-ya), lead under, bring before
a judge, etc. (see note on vii.
(a) 1. 14) ; also, lead on se-
cretly, draw on by degrees
(see under virb, ad fin.}.
tiir-ip.i (sum) am under ; hence
at one's command.
vireK-Ki|i.ai, am put away in for
, prep, cum gen. and ace.
over, above. (1) cum gen.
properly of position, over,
above ; also, in behalf of, for,
for the sake of ; (2) cum ace.
properly of motion, beyond ;
also of measure, above, ex-
ceeding.
inrep-pdXXw, cast beyond, hence
exceed, surpass, outbid (of an
auction).
*virp-'fj8o[icu, rejoice exceed-
ing, am delighted.
*{nrp-Ti0Tj(u, lit. place across,
carry information to, com-
municate.
vrn]pTa) (-^w), properly to be a
vTnjpcTrjs or roiver, hence serve,
cum dat. of pers. , and often a
neuter (cognate) ace. e.g. TTO.V
vtrrip. to do every service to.
vird, prep, cum gen. dat. ace.
under. (1) cum gen. strictly
from under, but often simply
VOCABULARY I.
147
under, beneath ; hence cum
gen. of a pers. under the
agency of, by ; also cum gen.
of a feeling etc. under the
influence of, by reason of.
(2) cum dat. icest under, be-
neath, subject to. (3) cum
ace. strictly motion towards
under, to, also simply under;
also of time, towards, about
the time of. In composi-
tion virb not infrequently
denotes slightly, gradually,
secretly.
viro-86CKvv|ju, show secretly,
give a mere glimpse of ; also
simply show, display.
i, (1) receive, enter-
tain; (2) undertake, pro-
mise.
viro-Sew, bind under ; in mid.
bind under oneself, put on
shoes.
viro-8vo>, usually in mid. and
pass, withfut. mid. and strong
aor. act. vn-edw, partic. -dfa,
slip under, place oneself un-
der.
{iiro-v-yvu(xi, *bring under the
yoke.
virovyiov, TO, a beast for the
yoke, beast of burden.
vTroOrjia], i) (viro-TiffyfJii), sug-
gestion, counsel.
{nro-Owirevw, slightly flatter.
viroKpuris, -ews, reply, answer.
{rrro-Xaupdvtt, take up, support ;
also take up in discourse, re-
join, retort.
, leave remaining,
leave behind.
viro-vocrrw, return back, retire,
of a rimr, sink.
nro-irijx'irp'r](xt, -irp-qadj, burn
gradually.
;, -ov, winged,
uw, look secretly at, hence
, -ov (also -os, -a, -ov),
under the hands of, in the
power of.
$s, uos, 6 and r), pig.
vo-rcpaios, -a, -ov, happening on
the next day ; rrj vo-repaia
(supply we pa), adverbial, on
the next day.
tf<TTpos, -a, -ov, later, after ;
varepov, as adv. afterwards.
faf>-crn]|u, place, set under; in
pass, and intrans. act. tenses,
am placed under, hence under-
take, engage, also lie in am-
bush, lie in wait.
{fa>, rain ; often impers. 0ei, it
rains.
<J>aivw, </>avw, tyrjva, bring to
light, display ; in pass. 0ai-
VOJULCLL, -OV/J.CLI, aor. <f>dvr)v, am
seen, appear. N.B. <f>aivo/jLai.
elvoiL, "I appear to be," "I
apparently am " ; <f>a.ivofjLai &v,
"I am seen to be," "I mani-
festly am."
4>aK\os, 6, bundle, faggot.
<|>ds, aor. partic.
148
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
lur. pres. indie,
4>d<r[jia, TO, appearance, vision
(QaivojuLai).
<f>pa>, ofou, evrjvoxa, rjveyKov and
fjveyKCL, carry, bear, endure ;
of land, produce ; also in-
trans. lead, tend ; in mid.
0epeo-0cu, carry off for oneself,
win.
<j>i!ryci>,0ei'o/xcu, irefavya, tyvyov,
take flight, flee, escape from.
<f>TJ|J.T), i], report.
<j>r]fj.i, fut. <j>7)(Tw, imperf. tyyv
(used for aor.}, subj. 0w, opt.
<pair)v, infin. (f>dvai, say.
<f>0ipw, strong aor. pass, e00d-
priv, destroy, ruin.
4>0ovepos, -d, -6v, envious, grudg-
ing.
<j>L\o7roTT]S, 6, a lover of drink-
ing.
<jnXos, -17, -ov, dear to, beloved,
well-pleasing ; usually as
.subs.t. a friend.
*<|>LXoo-Kwjx|Jta)v, 6, fond of jest-
ing.
<j>Xavpos, -a, -ov, worthless, pal-
try, .trifling.
<f>opw (-6co), frighten ; in pass.
cumfut. mid. am frightened,
fear, cum ace.
<(>oLvcKLos, -a, -oi>, made from
palrn.
<J>oiTw (-dw), go to and fro, go
frequently to, visit.
<(>ovvs, 6, murderer.
*<j>ovvw, kill, murder.
<|>ovos, 6, slaughter, murder.
-ew), frequentative of
am in the habit of
carrying, hence also wear.
4>p<x, point out, tell ; in mid.
speak ivith oneself, consider,
think.
*<|>pVT]pTJs, -, of a sound mind,
sane.
<j>povT^w, think, reflect ; cum
gen. regard.
<f>povTfe, -i5os, T], care, regard.
<|>pova> (-ew), think, consider ;
e5 0/)o^a), am prudent, well-
disposed ; cum neut. ace. e.g. ra
tyxerepa <j>poveiv, to hold your
views, to favour your side.
4>pitycu/ov, TO, dry stick ; usually
in plur. faggots.
<f>vylj, i), flight.
<(>vXaK^, ?), guard, custody ;
similarly in plur. ev 0uXa/ca?s
ZX LV > to be on one's guard.
<|>vXoLo-<ra> (-TTW), guard, defend ;
in mid. be on one's guard
against, cum ace.
Averts, -6ws, 17, nature ; 0tfcrei,
adverbial, by nature.
4>vo>, bring forth, make to grow ;
pass, and intrans. act. viz.
perf TrefivKa, strong aor. tyvv
(infin. <t>vvcu, partic. <f>vs), am
born, grow, am by nature,
am.
<|>(OVT|, rj, voice, cry.
<f>covco, (-^w), give voice, speak,
cry out.
6s, 6, thief.
VOCABULARY I.
X.
w, xcu/>?7<r(o,
rejoice.
^vwvrw*, 6, copper, bronze.
XafJtai, adv. on the ground.
XapaKTTJp, -rjpos, 6, stamp, mark
character.
,,
x a P ior djur)i>, do a favour to
gratify, please; cum dat.
also in pass, sense, am mad
pleasing to, done as a favour
to.
Xi\os, lip, hence rim, edge.
Xi[A(6v, -tivos, 6, winter, wintry
weather, storm.
s, y, hand.
-es, lit. accustomed
to the hand, hence tame.
Xi.povofj.w (-e'w), move the hands,
hence gesticulate.
Xeipw (-6w), master, subdue.
*X 0t ts> TJ, 6i>, on the day before,
of yesterday.
\i\ioi, -at, -a, thousand; the
sing, x^ios is sometimes used
with collective nouns.
, -WJ/QS, 6, under-garment,
shirt, tunic.
, 6, anger.
, dance.
RTJ, impers. (properly from
Xpd-u, deliver an oracle, hence)
it is fated, necessary, one
must ; also it behoves, it is
right, one ought. Subj. xpy,
opt. xpeifj, infn.xpTJvai, imperf.
149
or xpfy ; the partic.
is often used with ten
for ' it is right. '
XPIJ1X need, long for, cum gen.
of thing; also demand, ask,
usually cum in/in.
-i, rb, thing, affair ; usually
in plur. xpwara, in sense of
property, money.
*XP^o-TT)pidi;oii,cu, consult an
oracle, or deity (cum dat.).
Xptl<TTVjptov, rb, oracle; also
seat of an oracle, oracular
shrine.
XP*I<TTOS, 77, bv, useful, service-
able, hence good, honest.
Xpovos, 6, time.
Xpa>|j,a, rb, colour.
Xpvo-tov, rb (properly dimin. of
Xpv<r6s) a piece of gold, gold.
CpiicHTTjs, gen. -ov, fern, -my,
gen. -Iridos, containing gold.
Xpvcros, 6, gold.
pi5<ros, -a, -ovv, golden,
pwjxai (-do/jLat), properly con-
sult an oracle, make use of an
oracle, hence generally, use,
employ, cum dat.
)C<6pa, 77, place, post, land.
^coptov, rb, (dimin. of x&pos, in
form though not in meaning)
spot, country.
wpos, 6, space, place, region,
wpw (-ew), move along, go ;
also cum ace. have room for.
p^w, divide, separate, hence,
in pass, differ.
150
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
s, TJ, sand.
es, sandy.
\|/\iov, TO, bracelet.
t|/v8rjs, -&, lying, false.
*A|/v86n,avTis, -ews, 6, false
prophet.
*|/v8o>, cheat by lies ; in pass.
^etfdojucu (pf. tyevfffjuu, aor.
\l/va0r)v) t am deceived ; cum
gen. deceived about, cheated
of, miss, lose ; commonly in
mid. ifti&$Ofuu t \l/evaofJLat., e\j/ev-
v, speak falsely, lie.
a TO, lit. scrapings ; \f/.
Xpvaov, gold-dust.
yj, life, soul.
^fl, exclamation, oh !
w8, in this wise, thus ; usually
referring like 6'de to what
follows.
a>0urji<$s, jostling, contention.
s, -6, shoulder.
buy.
wpa, i}, hour, proper time,
season.
wpcuos, -a, -ov, seasonable, ripe;
ya^uv upcuai, marriageable.
ws (adv. of demonstr. 6s, = ille),
thus.
ws, (I) final conj. in order that,
that, cum subj. or opt..; (2)
relatival adv. of time, when ;
alxo, since ; (3) as, especially
with partic. (see on viii. B,
3. 1. 15) ; with superl. e.g.
cos Ta%rra, as quickly as pos-
sible ; CMTW- tq/tfk as an ad-
verbial expression, e.g. ws
eiicdatu, as one may guess,
presumably ; (4) cww num-
erals, to the number of, up
to, about.
, as if, as though.
, just as if, even as.
w(rT, so as to, so that, cum
infin. or indie.
WTOS, cDra, etc. see oSs.
VOCABULAEY II.
PROPER NAMES.
A.
'AyapCcrn), Agarista, daughter of Cleisthenes, tyrant of
Sicyon, and married to Alcmaeon. See xiv. (b.).
'A8jxavTos, Adimantus, commander of the Corinthian ships
at the battle of Salamis.
A0fjvcu, at, Athens, so-called after the patron-goddess Athene.
Adj. 'AByvalos, -a, -ov, Athenian.
AtyCvt), 7?, Aegina, an island midway between the coast of
Attica and of the Peloponnese. Adj. Aiyiv^rj^, gen. -ou,
Aeginetan.
Al'yuirTos, rj, Egypt. Adj. Afytnmof, -a, -OP, Egyptian.
AlOioircvs, fem. -fc, Aethiopian.
AlO<n|f, Aethiopian.
AloXevs, gen. -ews, Aeolian, the Aeolians being one of the
three great branches of the Hellenic race ; the other two
were the Dorians and the lonians.
'A\KfjLcua>v, 6, Alcmaeon, founder of the great Athenian family
of the Alcmaeonids.
, -ou, a descendant of Alcmaeon, an Alcmaeonid.
, 6, Amasis, who usurped the Egyptian throne in 569
B.C., his reign being a period of great prosperity for Egypt.
Died 525.
151
152 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
'A(j.Lvias, -ou, 6, Ameinias, a brother of the great tragic poet
Aeschylus, and greatly distinguished at Salamis as a
captain.
"Afji[Av, -o>os, 6, Ammoii, worshipped in Libya, and subse-
quently in Egypt as the supreme deity. Adj. 'Awuvios.
'AiroXXwv, -wj/os, Apollo, one of the greatest divinities of the
Greeks being the special patron of the Hellenic race.
'AiroXXwvta, rj, Apolloma, a city founded by Corinth on the
Adriatic, near the borders of Illyria and Epirus ; hence
'ATroAAomdr?^, -ov, an ApoUonicUe.
s, -ov, b, Apries, a king of Egypt, deposed by Amasis,
569 B. c. , and put to death by the Egyptians.
a, 77, Arabia.
'Ap-yetos, -a, -ov, Argive, i.e. belonging to the Peloponnesian
city Argos, or to Argolis, the district of which Argos was
the chief town.
'Apipfyvris, Aribignes, a brother of Xerxes, killed at Salamis.
'Api<TTi8T]S, -ou, Aristides, a celebrated Athenian statesman
and general. He fought in the battle of Marathon, B.C.
490, and became archon, or one of the chief Athenian magi-
strates in the following year. About the year 483 B.C. he
was ostracised, owing chiefly to his political rivalry with
Themistocles ; but on the eve of the battle of Salamis,
480 B.C., he rejoined the Athenians in their fleet and took
a prominent part in the battle. He was surnamed the.
Just, and was often taken as the type of an upright man.
'Apuov, 6, Arion, a famous Greek bard or lyric poet, living
about 700 B.C. See vi. and notes.
'Apircryos, 6, Harpagus, a Median noble who assisted Cyrus
in securing the throne. Subsequently he became Cyrus'
chief general, and as such brought the Greek towns in
Asia Minor under the Persian supremacy.
'ApTcupdpTjs, -ovs, Artembares, a Median noble, see p. 15, seq.
'ApT(ii<riov, TO, Artemisium, a promontory at the north of the
island Euboea, so called because of a temple of Artemis
(Diana) in that region. It was off Artemisium that the
united Greek fleet first encountered the Persians, with an
indecisive result ; and subsequently the Greeks withdrew
to Salamis.
VOCABULARY IT. 153
s, -ous, Aetyage9, king of the Medes, deposed accord-
ing to Herodotus by his grandson Cyrus.
'ATTIKOS, -??, -6v, Attic, belonging to Attica, the district of
which Athens was the chief town ; hence 77 'ATTIKT? (supply
777), Attica.
"Arus, -uos, Atys, a king of the Maeonians subsequently called
Lydians from Lydus, the son of Atys.
B.
Ba(3vX(i>v, 77, Babylon, capital of Babylonia, and seat of the
Babylonian empire ; captured and brought under Persian
control by Cyrus.
Bf]Xos, 6, Belus or Baal, one of the chief pagan deities among
the eastern nations. Adj. BvjXetfs, fern. BrjXi's, applied in
Babylon to irv\ai, the gates of Baal.
Bfrrcov, -wi>os, Biton, a son of Cydippe, a priestess of Hera at
Argos. See p. 23, seq.
BOVTW or Bovrds, Buto or Butm, an Egyptian city.
Bp<ry\i8<u, Bravchidae, in Asia Minor, the name of a spot in
the territory of the Milesians, site of a temple of Apollo,
the ruins of which still remain.
A.
Aapios, Darius, the first king of Persia of that name. He
belonged to a branch of the Persian royal family, and
when, on the death of Cambyses. the throne was usurped
by a Magus who pretended to be Smerdis the brother of
the late king, Darius with six other Persians of high rank
conspired to overthrow him. The so-called Smerdis
was slain and Darius was made king. He greatly
strengthened the Persian empire, and planned to extend
it into Europe also. He 'first made an expedition into
Scythia, but was disastrously repulsed. He then set
about the subjugation of Greece, and sent out an arma-
ment under Datis and Artaphernes, which was overthrown
by the Athenians at the battle of Marathon, 490 B.C.
He was planning a second invasion on a much larger scale,
which was however delayed owing to a revolt of the
154 TALES FKOM HERODOTUS.
Egyptians against the Persians ; and Darius died in 485.
He was succeeded by his son Xerxes who carried on his
father's plans against Greece, being however defeated at
the battle of Salamis, 480 B.C. See xvr.
AX<|>OI, Delphi, a town in Phocis, celebrated for its oracle of
Apollo, the most famous of all oracles among the Greeks
and their neighbours.
Dodona, a town in Epirus, a district in North-
western Greece, celebrated for its oracle of Zeus. It was
more ancient than the oracle of Apollo at Delphi, but
less renowned, partly owing to the remoter position of
Dodona.
E.
s, T), Eleusis, a town in Attica, opposite the island of
Salamis, celebrated for the Eleusinian mysteries in con-
nection with the worship of Demeter and Persephone.
'EX<j>avTivr], Elephantine, a city on the Nile, on the borders
of Egypt and Aethiopia.
'EXXds, 77, Hellas or Greece, the latter being the name em-
ployed by the Eomans, and the former by the Greeks
themselves.
EXXrjv, -TJVOS, a Greek. Adj. 'EXX^t/cos, -77, -bv, Greek.
Evpu(3icL8T]s, -ou, the leader of the Spartans at the battle of
Salamis, and also commander of the united Greek fleet.
Ev<J>pd.TT]s, 6, -ov, the Euphrates ; one of the great rivers of
Asia, upon which Babylon was built.
Z.
Zco-rrvpos, 6, Zopyrus, one of the six Persians who aided
Darius in overthrowing the false Smerdis. (See Aapetos. )
He subsequently caused the capture of Babylon as
described in xi. B.
H.
'Hpa, 77, Hera, or Here, the chief goddess in the Greek religion,
wife of Zeus.
VOCABULARY II. 155
0.
@[u<rTOK\TJs, gen. -/cXeous, Themistodes, commander of the
Athenian fleet at Salamis. Foreseeing the renewal of the
Persian invasion after Marathon, he had persuaded the
Athenians to build the large fleet which we find them
possessing at the time of Salamis. Subsequently he took
an active part in carrying on the naval war to the islands
of the Aegean Sea and the Greek cities in Asia Minor,
most of which were now liberated from the Persian rule.
He also induced the Athenians to surround their city
by an almost impregnable wall, and to construct a
magnificent harbour at Peiraeus. He was thus the
means of the Athenians becoming for a time the chief
naval power in the world. Owing to party strife at
Athens, he was ostracised in 471 B.C., and was sub-
sequently accused of intriguing treacherously with Persia.
He escaped to Asia, and offered his services to the King
of Persia, professing that he would enable him to conquer
the Greeks. He died, however, without effecting anything
of the kind.
OfjfJcu, al, Thebes, a city on the Upper Nile, said to have
been one of the most ancient in Egypt. (N.B. Not to
be confounded with the city of the same name in Central
Greece.)
I.
'Iv8<5s, an Indian.
'lirrroKXeiSTjS, -ou, 6, Hippodides, a wealthy and accomplished
Athenian, for whom see xiv. B.
a, 77, Italy.
1, the Ichthyophagi, or Fish-Eaters, an Aethio-
pian tribe.
"Loves, -uv, the lonians, i.e. one of the great branches of the
Greek race, to which the Athenians belonged. A con-
siderable part also of the west coast of Asia Minor was
inhabited by lonians.
K.
Ka|j.pv<rr]S, -ov (Ionic, -<?a>), 6, Cambi/ses. There were two
Persians of this name. I. A Persian noble, who married
156 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
Mandane, daughter of Astyages the Median king, and
became the father of Cyrus the Great, king of the Persians
and Medes. II. The son of Cyrus, and successor to the
throne. Cambyses conquered Egypt and added that
country to the Persian Empire. His attempts to extend
his power farther into Africa were ineffectual. He died
B.C. 521 owing to an accident while on his way to suppress
the so-called Smerdis who had set up a claim to the
throne. (See under
Kicro-ios, -a, -GJ>, Cissian, a term applied to certain gates of
Babylon.
K\ior06VT]s, -ous, 6, Cleisthenes, a powerful tyrant of Sicyon.
KXcopts, Cleobis, see Biro??/.
KdpivOos, ?}, Corinth. KopivOios, -a, -ov, Corinthian.
Kpoio-os, 6, Croesus, the last king of Lydia. He subdued
most of the Greek cities in Asia Minor, extended his
empire over the greater part of that country, and his
prosperity and wealth became proverbial. Venturing
however to attack the Persians, he was totally over-
thrown by Cyrus, and the Lydian Monarchy became
included in the Persian Empire (546 B.C.). The life of
Croesus was spared (see p. 25-6), and he became the
confidential adviser of Cyrus and subsequently of
Cambyses.
Kt>p.T), Cyme, a Greek city in Aeolis, a district in Asia Minor.
s, -a, -ov, Cymean.
KvpTjvaios, -a, -oi>, Cyrenean, i.e. belonging to Cyrene, the
chief Greek colony in Africa, founded B.C. 631.
Kvpos, Cyrus, the founder of the Persian Empire ; see vm.
He reigned from 559 B.C. to 529 B.C.
A.
ACUCCOVIKOS, -rj, -bv. Laconian, i.e. belonging to Laconia, the
district of which Sparta was the chief city.
7, Libya, i.e. Africa, usually exclusive of Egypt.
s, -vos, a Libyan.
VOCABULARY II. 157
Av86s, -77, -6v, Lydian, i.e. belonging to Lydia, once a powerful
country of Asia Minor, of which Sardis was the capital.
See under Kpotaos.
A\jo-L(xaxos, Lysimachus, an Athenian, father of Aristides.
M.
Ma^dp^s, 6, Mazares, a Mede, a general of Cyrus.
MavSdvr], Mandane, daughter of Astyages, and mother of
Cyrus. See p. vm. A.
Mdvrjs, -ou, 6, Manes, father of Atys, q.v.
s, 6, Megabyzus, one of the seven Persian nobles who
overthrew the false Smerdis. (See AapeZos.) He was the
father of Zopyrus.
fjs, -tovs, Megacles, an Athenian noble, a member of
the powerful family of the Alcmaeonidae, chosen by
Cleisthenes as his son-in-law. See xiv. (6).
Me-yapcts, ot, the Meyarians, i.e. inhabitants of Megara, the
chief town of Megaris, the district bordering on Attica.
Mf)8os, a Mede. Adj. Myducos, -??, -&, Median.
Mvno-i<f>iXos, 6, Mnesiphilus, a prominent Athenian, who took
part in the battle of Salamis. See p. 47.
Motpis, -ews, 77, the Lake Moeris, the largest of the lakes of
Egypt.
Mouvvxta, T), Munychia, a portion of the Peiraeus, and one of
the ports of Athens.
M\>Kpivos, Mycerinm, king of Egypt. See iv.
N.
Nacrafjiwves, oi, the Nasamones, a Libyan tribe in the north
of Africa.
NetXos, 6, the Nile.
NCvios, -a, -ov, Ninevite, a name given to one of the gates of
Babylon.
s, 17, Nitocris, Queen of Babylon, supposed by some
to have been the wife of Nebuchadnezzar. See xu. and
xi. A.
158 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
a
6, Xerxes, son of Darius, whom he succeeded as king
of Persia. He carried out his father's plan of a great
invasion of Greece, which was completely foiled. See
xvi. He was murdered in 505 B.C.
O.
'OX.vp.ma, rd, the Olympian games, for which see on xiv. (6).
1. 4.
n.
IIaKTVT|s, 6, Pactyes, a Lydian, who induced his fellow-
citizens to revolt against Cyrus. See x.
IIaXX.T]Vvs, a Pallenian, i.e. inhabitant of Pallene, an im-
portant ' deme ' or township in Attica.
JlavaiTios, 6. Panaetius, captain of a Tenian vessel, who
deserted at Salamis from the Persian fleet to the Greeks,
and confirmed the news brought by Aristides that the
Greeks were surrounded.
6, Peiraeus, a town or district consisting of a
peninsiila on the west coast of Attica, famous for its
harbour, which after the time of Themistocles (see
Ge/utrTo/cXTjs) served as the port of Athens.
IIcXoirovvTjo-os, 17 (IIAoTros I>TJ<TOS, the island of Pelops), the
Peloponnese, i.e. the portion of Greece south of the
Isthmus of Corinth. Adj. He\oTrovvr)<nos.
UcpfavSpos, 6, Periander, a famous tyrant of Corinth, who
obtained power about 625 B.C.
, a Persian.
2aXa|i(s, -ivos, 77, Salamis, an island near the western coast of
Attica, off which the famous battle of Salamis was
fought.
2<xp8is (or -eis), at, Sardis, or Sardes, the ancient capital of
the Lydian kingdom.
VOCABULARY II. 159
-ews, 17, Semiramis, said by Herodotus to have been
Queen of Babylon ; elsewhere described as the foundress
of the Assyrian Empire.
SiKtvvos, 6, Sicinnus, a slave of Themis tocles. See p. 51. He
is said to have been a Persian.
Stpts, ?}, Siris, a Greek colony in the south-east of Italy.
UN/OS, 6 and 17, Sicyon, an important city in the
Peloponnese, two miles from the Corinthian gulf. Adj.
St/CUWl'tOS.
, -ou, a Scythian, Scythia extending over a large portion
of North -Eastern Europe, and of Western Asia.
SoXdcts, -ei/ros. Name of a promontory at the extreme west
of the north coast of Africa.
lioXwv, -on/os, 6, Solon, the great Athenian legislator, who was
constantly regarded, though hardly with accuracy, as the
founder of the Athenian constitution as it existed in
later times. His reputation for wisdom was such that
he was reckoned one of the Seven Sages. After his laws
were passed, B.C. 594, he travelled for 10 years, and
during this period, according to the story, he had the
interview with Croesus in ix.
2o>cra[AVT|s, -ous, 6, Sosamenes, a Tenian, father of Panaetius.
T.
Tdpas, -ap-ros, Tarentum, a powerful Greek city in Southern
Italy, founded by the Lacedaemonians.
Tc'XXos, 6, Tettus, an Athenian. See ix. (a).
TTJVIOS, a Tenian, i.e. an inhabitant of Tenos, an island in the
Aegean Sea.
TuravSpos, 6, Tisander, father of the Athenian Hippocleides.
<i><xXT]pov, TO, Phalerum, the name of a small town and port
on the coast of Attica. Phalerum was the ancient
harbour of Athens, but was practically abandoned as
such after the construction of Peiraeus.
160 TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
-IKOS, Phoenician. The Phoenicians were an im-
portant maritime race, whose chief cities were Tyre and
ISidon. We find them subject to the Persian Empire in
the reign of Cambyses, and they furnished the most
important contingent to the Persian fleet during the
invasion of Xerxes. They were always bitterly opposed
to the Greeks on account of commercial rivalry in the
Mediterranean.
;, 3>pvy6s, Phrygian. The Phrygians are said to have been
one of the oldest races in Asia Minor.
X.
XaXScuos, Chaldaean, the Chaldaeans being a Babylonish
people, who, like the Magi, constituted the learned class.
os, 6, Psammetichus, a king of Egypt during the
latter half of the 7th century B.C. It was during his
reign that Greeks were first admitted to Egypt.
INDEX
OF NON-ATTIC WORDS OR USAGES IN
THE VOCABULARY.
The letters Tr. against a word or particular signification implies that,
though not found in Attic Prose or in the ordinary language of Comedy, it
is employed by Attic poets in the Iambics of Tragedy. It may therefore in
most cases be used in Greek Verse Composition.
A.
'Aya6ovpyia.
dyyos, Tr.
ay pa mode of catch-
ing.
dyxou, Tr.
ayui>iafj,a = contest.
d0Xos, Tr.
dO\o<p6pos.
cuVw, Tr.
cuV6Xtoj>.
d\ia.
AXtfw, Tr.
dX/o), Tr.
AX/a/xo?, Tr,
s, Tr.
VKu = per-
suade to change
one's mind.
s = recogni-
tion. See on vm.
B., 2, 1. 16.
dvaiffifjiu).
dvaKTjpvaau = put up
to auction.
dvaTTTvo-au, Tr.
dvdpcrios, Tr.
dvacTKoXoTrifa.
dvc.<rTvdfa, Tr.
), Tr.
), Tr.
dl>TlfJi<:fJL(j)0/J,ai.
avvdpos, Tr.
dTretXw = press hard.
dTToirXous.
dprrj/Jia
, Tr.
dairaipu, Tr.
dcrxdXXw, Tr.
d<t>ai>5dvw, Tr.
a<f>6oyyos, Tr.
161
]62
TALES FROM HERODOTUS.
B.
fyiTnypos.
fyirodifa = bind. See
/caraSw = convict.
(30VK6\IOV.
8 p (bos* Tr.
on xix. (6) 1. 2.
/CaTaO'/CWTTTW.
/caracTTrouSct^OAiat.
KarcKpovevw, Tr.
r.
f?7Ate/}cJ, Tr.
/caraxpwAtat.
/careiXw.
A.
e|o7/cco, Tr.
eTrtX^yoAtat read.
KaTpydofj(,cu = des-
troy, Tr.
KaToiKTtf, Tr.
daivviu, Tr.
iri/ji.r)x<*-vuiu<<u>
/car6yoAtai.
oet/xcuVw, Tr.
eTTtTrXew float on.
/caroTrr^s.
dewoXoyov/JicLi.
deKacrrjs = 10 years
old. See on vm.
e/>5w, Tr.
^S,
B., 1, 1. 1.
tfftiyU.
/cXa^^^y.
5^/cas, Tr.
efijj,opd)os, Tr.
KVvfafJLO..
Stav^w = swim across,
in lit. sense.
e'0o/)Acw (-aw), Tr.
Z.
feiryX?;, Tr.
K6\Tros, Tr.
KVK\ovfjLo.L = surround.
ACUDW (-<:0i>), Tr.
iSJJS*
fei>yyuAiai (in middle).
A.
56Xepos, Tr.
e.
Xd/3pos, Tr.
XelfjijULa.
S^^ >Tr '
^XaSi.
\e\oy iff /Jitvws, Tr.
Xeo"x^j Tr.
SucTTrerws, Tr.
Beoirpbiriov,
Xt(7croAtai, Tr.
E.
fi I }~ T'T*
M.
er/xa, Tr.
?/cas, Tr.
I.
ifjiepos, Tr.
Ativ, Tr.
fjLV7}ffrr]p, Tr.
eKyiyvofjLcu. = am born
from.
&06(rts, Tr.
e/c/caXuTTrw, Tr.
t'r&Vos.
K.
/uiopos, Tr.
/x^pcrtuos. Tr.
N.
IgJCCIpat.
Ka\\i(rreij(t} Tr.
vfjULCfftSj Tr.
e/cp777i>i/Au= burst out
in a passion, Tr.
t/JL/mavris, Tr.
K&IJLVU - I am dis-
tressed at, Tr.
K(/ora.
peo7>6$, Tr.
INDEX.
163
0.
, Tr.
6Vetpo7r6Xos.
c'0is, Tr.
n.
Traiyvid.
Trapacrdrrw.
Trapa^poj'w.
TrdpeSpos, Tr.
TrdpeK.
Trdrpa, Tr.
TrepLKeipd).
w{pi, Tr.
TTO^S, Tr.
TTOpd/JLOS.
irpocreiKeXos.
= resem-
ble. '
TrpoTL0Tfj/j.L = expose,Tr.
TTT^pWTOS, Tr.
, Tr.
P.
peWpov, Tr.
pVOLLOLL. Tr.
S.
(TTO/AW.
/ . m
, Tr.
w = communi-
cate.
(TWffTpa.
T.
T.
VTrep'/idofJLai.
vireprldrjfjLi.
vTTofctiyvvfjLL = bring
under the yoke.
u, Tr.
^p?;s, Tr.
X.
is, Tr.
, Tr.
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