6> ^"'' ^ R April, ON," r and jpart- iring. and squaring dimensions, with the making out of Bills, also of Builders' Work generally, &c. By John Bennett, Engineer, &c. University of California • Berkeley ip^ Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from Microsoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/artificerscompleOObennrich TERMS AND PRICES, ^^Pt^|^L 3*., and for any alteration or addition, \l. \5s. Second' Pate Building. Every building not being a dwelling-house, except those particularly described as first, fifth, sixth, 35 Building. and seventh rate, which shall exceed two stories in height, and not more than three, exclusive of any rooms in the roof; or exceeding twenty-two and not thirty-one feet high. Dwelling-houses which shall exceed 500 feet su- perficial, and not more than 900 feet superficial on the ground floor. External Walls — Not less than one foot six inches thick at foundation, and nine inches high, fourteen inches thick from thence to one pair of stairs floor, and nine inches thick above. Party Walls — Not less than two feet seven inches thick at foundation, diminished as it rises to two feet three inches, and nine inches high, one foot ten inches thick from thence to one pair of stairs floor, one foot six inches thick from thence to second floor, and fourteen inches from thence to the top. Surveyor'' s Fee — For new building, 3/. 3s. ; for any alteration or addition, 1/. 10s. Third- Rate Building. Every building, not being a dwelling-house, except those particularly described as first, fifth, sixth, and seventh rates, which shall exceed one and not be more than two stories above ground, exclusive of rooms in the roof, or exceeding thirteen and under twenty-two feet in height, from tlie surface of the pavement, or way, in front or rear. Dwelling-houses which exceeds 350, and under 500 feet superficial measure, on the ground story. External Walls.— Not less than one foot six inches thick, and six inches high in the foundation, fourteen inches thick from thence to ground floor, and nine inches above. Party Walls.—Two feet three inches thick at the foundation, diminished to one foot ten inches at top, which shall be nine inches high ; one foot six inches thick from thence, to ground floor, and fourteen inches above. 3^ Building. Surveyor's Fee.'-2L \0s., and for additions and alterations, \L 5s. Fourth- Rate Building, Every building, not being a dwelling-house, ex- cept those particularly described as first, fifth, sixth, and seventh rates, which shall not exceed one story above ground, exclusive of any rooms in roof, or which shall not be thirteen feet high above the ground, or way, in front or rear. Dwelling-houses which shall not exceed 350 feet superficial measure on the ground story. External Walls.-^-To be one foot six inches thick, and six inches high in the foundation ; fourteen inches thick from thence to ground floor, and nine inches above. Party Walls.— One foot six inches thick in foun- dation, and nine inches high; fourteen inches thick from thence to ground floor, and nine inches above Surveyor's Fee.— 21. 2s., and for alterations or ad- ditions, 1/. Is. Fifth-Rate Building. Every building, except first and seventh rates, which shall be at the distance of four, and within eight feet of the public road, and is detached from any other building not in the same possession, six teen and not thirty feet. Surveyor'' s Fee.— \l. lO*., and for any addition or alteration, \5s. Sixth- Rate Building. Every building, except first-rates, which shall be eight feet from the public road, and detached from any building, not in the same possession, thirty feet, may be built of any dimensions or materials what- soever. Surveyor'' s Fee.— 11. \s., and for every addition or alteration, \0s. 6d. Seventh-Rate Building. Crane-houses on wharfs, shambles, wmd-mills, or 37 Building. water-mills, workshops and drying places for tanners, fellmongers, glue-makers, calico-printers, whitsters, whiting-makers, curriers, leather-dressers, buckram- stifFners, oil-cloth painters, wool-staplers, throwsters, parchment makers, and paper-makers, so long as they are used for those purposes, may be built of any materials whatsoever, provided no external part be covered with pitch, tar, or any other kind of inflam- mable composition. Surveyoj-'^s Fee. — 10*. Gt/., and for additions and alterations, 5s, GENERAL NOTES. External Walls — To be carried up twelve inches above the gutters, or flats ; and party walls eighteen inches above the back of the rafters. Party Walls — Above four stories high, must be of thickness of first rates ; and party walls to fourth-rate houses, if four stories high, must be of thickness as third- rates. If any external wall should become a party wall, and not be of sufficient thickness, the same must be re-built agreeable to the rate the building will be of when another building is built against it. Before any building is began, twenty-four hours notice must be given to the surveyor of the district. Chimnies, back to back, in party walls, first-rate cellars, two bricks ; second, third, and fourth rates, a brick and half; all other stories, a brick thick. No timbers to be laid within two feet of any oven, furnace, or boiler, nor within nine inches of any chim- ney, or five inches of any flue. Party walls not being of sufficient thickness, or in a ruinous state, shall be taken down when either house is re-built ; or the front or rear walls of either house is taken down as low as the bressummer, or one pair floor, within five years of each other : the 38 Building. proprietors causing such re-builing, giving three months' notice thereof to the owner or occupier ad- joining, as folio Avs :— COPY OF NOTICE. Apprehending the party wall, party arch, or fence, (as the case maij be), between the house, building, or ground (as the case may be), situated inhabited or lately occupied by and my house, ground, or building (as the case may be), adjoining thereto, to be so decayed, or of insufficient thickness (as the case may be) as to render it necessary to repair, pull down, or re-buiid the same ; take notice that I intend to have the same surveyed, pursuant to an Act of Parliament for that purpose, and that I have appointed A . D. of and C. D. of my surveyors to meet at of the clock, in the of the same day (being between the hours of six in the morning and six in the evening) and I do hereby require you to appoint two other surveyors, or able workmen on your part, to meet them at the time and place aforesaid, to view the same, and to certify the state and condition thereof, and what is requisite to be done with the same. Dated this day of 18 A. B. The notice to be left with the owner, or occupier of the adjoining house, or if empty, stuck upon the front door, or front of the house. An account of the expense of rebuilding, to be left with the owner, or occupier, of the adjoining building, within 10 days after the party wall is finished ; who may be compelled to pay the same, and repay himself (if not the owner), cut of the rent. The first builder is justified in setting out half the thickness of the party wall upon the adjoining soiL 39 Building. It frequently happens, that party walls are buik next vacant ground, and are not made use of for a considerable period, and the premises are not in the hands of the first builder ; nevertheless such first builder only, and not the owner of the house, is en- titled to the value of such half-party when used, unless a special agreement is made to the contrary. External walls may be made of brick, stone, copper, tin, slate, or lead. All frames must be set in reveals, receded four inches from the front. Corner story posts must be of oak or stone, and 12 inches square. Flats, gutters, roofs, and every external part of the first, second, third, fourth, or fifth class, to be covered with copper, glass, lead, tin, slate, tile or stone, except the doors and windows. iV. B, An Act of Parliament was obtained tn 1809, for covei^ing the roofs of houses with patent Tessera. The coping, cornice, facia, window dressing, bal- lustrade, or other external decoration or projection of the preceding classes of building, and every frontispiece to first rates shall externally be of brick, stone, burnt-clay, artificial stone, stucco, lead, or iron, except the cornices and dressings to shop-win- dows and covered ways (not extending beyond the original line of the houses in the same street) shall be covered with stone, lead, copper, slate, tile, or tin ; and neither the covered way, nor the cornice or dressings of any shop window, nor the roof of any portico, shall be higher than the under-side of the sill or the one pair of stairs window, and no water shall be suffered to drain near any public street, square, or court, from the roof of any building of the first, second, third, or fourth classes ; but shall be conveyed by pipes, trunks, or the drains below the surface of the ground, or to some reservoir ; and 40 Building. every brick and stone funnel shall be below the pave- ment, and every wood trunk below the top of the window in the ground stor}^ No front windows shall extend beyond the line of the street, except projections for decorations for shop -windows, and stall-boards, which, in streets thirty feet wide, must not project more than ten inches, and the covering eighteen inches: and in streets less than thirty feet wide, to project five inches, covering thirteen inches, from the upright of the building. Old external walls^ and enclosures, may be re- paired ivith the same materials. No bow window, or projection, to be rebuilt, otherwise than agreeable to the projections above stated. No stack of warehouses to be above thirty-five squares, including the walls ; no communication to be made through party walls, unless by stone door- cases, and iron doors ; and no timber to be laid in the brick-work of any wall, in such stack of ware- houses, nearer than eighteen inches to the opening of such communication. No buildinor for stables to contain more than twenty-five squares, including walls ; and no com- munication door, without having stone door-cases, and iron-doors. Buildings of the fifth and sixth rates, in separate and distinct tenures, and not at the requisite dis- tances, shall be deemed nuisances, and pulled down accordingly No iron, or other pipe, or funnel, for the con- veyance of smoke, or steam, shall be fixed next any public way, in front of any building of the first, second, third, or fourth rate of building ; nor any funnel, within side, nearer than fourteen inches to any timber ; nor any brick funnel in the front, to extend beyond the line of the street. 41 Building. Every building contrary to these regulations, shall be deemed a common nuisance, and the builder, or owner shall be compelled to enter into a recognizance to demolish them, or they will be pulled down, and the materials sold to pay the expences of removal. For list of Distiid Surveyors^ see Surveyors. £ s d. Bundle of laths. See Laths. A bundle of 4 feet oak laths is 120, and 371^ bundles make one load ; of 5 feet, is 100, and 30 bundles 1 load per load 4 15 Bushel, a measure of capacity for dry goods, as grain, fruit, dry pulse, &c. containing four pecks or eight gallons, or one eighth of a quarter. A bushel, by 12 Henry VIII. c. 5, is to contain eight gallons of wheat; the gallon eight pounds of troy weight, the ounce, 20 sterlings, and the sterling, 32 grains, or corns of wheat, growing in the midst of the ear. This standard bushel is kept in the Exchequer, and is found to contain 2145.6 solid inches, and the water with which it has been filled weighed 1131 ounces and fourteen pennyweights troy. By Act of Parliament made in 1697, it is determined that every round bushel with a plain and even bottom, being 18 J inches in diameter, and 8 inches deep, should be esteemed a legal Winchester bushel according to the standard in his Majesty's Exchequer. A vessel thus made will contain 2150.42 cubic inches, of course the corn gallon contains 268.8 cubic inches. Besides the standard or legal bushel, there are several local m 42 Bushel. bushels of different dimensions different places. A bushel striked is, to a bushel heaped, as 3 to 4; that is, a bushel heaped is one third more than a striked bushel. The avoirdupois weight of a bushel of wheat at a mean is 60 pounds, of barley 50 pounds, and of oats 38 pounds. The late standard for heaped measure contains 80 lbs. avoirdupois of water ; 9 bushels of coals 1 vat, or strike; 36 bushels 1 chaldron. The imperial standard bushel is 19 J £ s. d. inches diameter, and contains 22 18 J cubic inches. Busks; of elastic steel, for stays. J inch broad per dozen 8 f do. do. do. 8 6 i do. do. do. 9 f do. do. do. 10 6 f do. do. do. 10 6 1 do. do. do. 13 li do. do. do. 13 IJ do. do. do. 13 If do. do. do. 17 2 do. do. do. 17 Any length from 13 to 18 inches the same price, as well as any colour. But hinges. JSee Hinges, Butt, in commerce, a vessel or measure of wine, containing 2 hogsheads, or 126 gallons ; of beer, 108 gallons; is 30,456 cube inches, or 17^ cube feet; and will weigh 9 cwt. 3 qrs. and 10 lbs. each 2 10 do. 3 10 do. 6 6 do. 5 6 do. 6 6 do. 7 do. 8 10 do. 2 5 43 £ 8, d. Jabinet-makers' Work. Bed, feather Free from dust and full size do. Largest size, down feathers, and linen ticks Sea, with pillow Do. do. Do. do. Bedstead, bamboo and French ellipti- cal top, with drapery and fringe French, any size Do. with town print ell wide, lined with do. hangings, and gilt pole do. 5 5 Do. with palliasse, mattrass, bolster, 2 pillows, 3 blankets, and a best Marseilles quilt - do. 9 Mahogany four-post, lathed bottoms do. 3 15 Mahogany, with carved pillars of the best Spanish wood, pannelled, ; double screws, lathed bottom, turned rod, and French castors do. 8 8 Do. full sized, lathed bottom, the hangings lined, fringed, full dra- pery, and ornaments - do. 14 14 Do. four-post 5 feet wide, and furni- ture, with French draperies, lined all through, complete - do. 16 16 Do. do. with cornice of a superior make - - - do. 18 18 Do. do. with gold cornice, and ele- gant drapery Tent, of any size Do. and furniture Bedsteps, mahogany, middling size Do. large Do. do. - do. 21 do. 1 8 do. 3 15 do. 1 8 do. 1 12 do. 2 2 44 Cabinet-makers' Work. Bidet, mahogany Book shelf, japanned Caddy, tea . - - Do. do. Chairs japanned in oil - J Do. mahogany, Eight, covered with horse hair, and brass nailed 8 do. do. 8 do. do. 8 Trafalgar do. Trafalgar, stuffed with all horse hair, and gilt moldings Do. do. superior Music, any pattern Rosewood, 8 drawing room, inlaid with buhl Yew, for kitchens - Chest, tea, with glass for sugar Do. and canister Do. do. superior Do. do. do. Couch, mahogany, with bedstead Do. do. do. Covers, desk, in number Curtains, drawing-room, of the best moreen and chintz, fitted for window Do. do. do. Do. do. elegant Cushions, horse-hair Do. covered do. Desk, portable Drawers, chest of, with solid ends Commode, 3 ft. 6 in. with solid ends Drawers, portable, made by Da vies, only, Bartholomew Close Or 21. 12s. 6 J. each package or box, one package making a chest oi about the usual size. £ s. d. each 1 4 do. 7 do. 10 do. 15 doz. 1 6 do. 6 6 do 6 15 do. 7 7 do. 9 9 each 1 5 do. 1 10 do. 8 6 do. 21 do. 5 6 do. 1 5 do. 1 10 do. 1 15 do. 2 2 do. 7 10 do. 8 10 do. 14 do. 6 do. 7 7 do. 10 10 do. 5 6 do. 4 do. 1 1 do. 3 3 do. 4 4 do. 5 5 45 £ s. d. Cabinet-makers' Work. Glass, mahogany dressing, with two drawers and best British plate each 15 Do. do. larger do. 1 6 Do. do. do. stile do. 1 18 Swing commode do. 3 Do. do. do. 5 Do. do. - do. 8 Do. do. do. 12 Mattrass, bordered hair do. 1 1 Do. do. - do. 1 10 Palliasse straw do. 1 1 Do. do. - do. 1 10 Rug, hearth do. 10 Do. do. do. 15 Do. do. - do. 1 1 Do. do. do. 1 10 Sideboard, mahogany, 6 feet with pe- destal and carved back - - do. 15 7 feet do. do. 16 7 feet 6 inches do. do. 17 Sofa, mahogany, drawing room do. 6 6 Do. do. do. 7 7 Do. do. ~ do. 8 8 Stand tray do. 7 Long mahogany - do. 14 Washhand do. 16 Table, billiard. See Billiard Table. Table, dressing Mahogany, 3 feet Pembroke on cas- tors, with drawer and lock do. Do. do. pillar and claw do. Do. do. card and sofa on turned legs, banded in rose-wood - do. Do. do. set of 2 card and sofa on pillars and claws - - do. Do, do. best do. to order do. do. 110 1 18 3 15 8 15 2 12 6 16 d. 46 £ s Cabinet-makers' Work. Table, mahogany, dining set of 10 ft. 6 in. by 4 feet - . 11 11 . Do. do. do. 11 ft. 6 in. by 4 ft. 2 in. 15 15 Bo. do. do. 12 ft. 6 in. by 4 ft. 6 in. 16 16 If Spanish mahogany, add extra, each set 3 10 Rosewood, 2 covers and sofa - - 18 18 Wardrobe, mahogany, 4 feet with solid encls - - . each 9 9 Wash-hand stand See Stand. Cade, a cag, cask, or barrel. A cade of herrings is a vessel containing the quantity of 500 red herrings, or ol* sprats, 1000. Cag, or Keg, of sturgeon, &c. A cask or vessel that contains from four to five gallons. Campechy, or logwood, specific gravity, 57 lbs. per foot cube. Cane, a measure at Naples ; the cane is equal to 7 feet 3J inches English measure ; the cane of Thoulose, and the Upper Lan- guedoc, is equal to the varre of Arragon, and contains 5 ft. 8| inches, at Montpe- lier, Provence, Dauphin e, and the Lower Languedoc, to 6 ieet 5J inches English. Cane-top cutting machine. See Machine. Canes, sugar, are about 5 feet long, 2 inches diameter, and from 25 to 30 lbs. the bundle. Cantar, or Cantaro, in commerce, a weight used in Italy, particularly at Leghorn. There are three sorts, one weighs 150 lbs., the other 151, and the third 160. The first serves to weigh alum and cheese, the second is for sugar, and the third for 47 Cantar. wood and cod-fish. The word is used also as a measure of capacity at Cochin, and containing 4 rubis. Caph, a liquid measure of five wine pints. Capoose Mill, for the bottom of spindles, steeled and hardened - - each Plate for ditto, both sides ground and polished - - _ each Cast-iron box to hold plate for oil, do. Patent. See Step and Capoose. Carat, a weight of four grains. Carpenter & Joiner. For Day-work and Ironmongery^ see the end of this article. For Calculations^ see the articles Fir and Roofing. Architraves, surbases, &c. Molded common surbase, per ft. nm 4 inch single architrave do. 4j inch ditto - - do. 5 inch ditto - - do. Beaded chair rail •- do. Ditto capping ' - do. Backs, elbows, and soffits. Inch deal keyed - per ii. super. framed squares do. 1 deal ditto - do. ovolo and flat - do. and raised pannels do. quirk ogee bead flat do. bead and flush - do. 1| deal framed square - do. ovolo and flat - do. and raised pannels do. and moul diners on raising's do. quirk ogee bead flat do. If splayed framed extra - do. ij s, d 12 OHO 4 8 8 9 10 3 2 IL} 11 1 IJ 1 2J 1 1 1 4^ 4 4 1 3} 1 4i 1 61 1 7J 1 51 2 48 £ s. d. Carpenter & Joiner. If circular in the plan, charge double the above prices for the backs and elbows, and treble for the soffits Balluster. See Stairs, Battening, f inch deal per square 11 Inch do. do. 13 n do. - do. 17 U do. do. 19 2 do. do. 1 5 2J do. do. 1 10 3 do. - do. 1 15 Boarding, rough j yellow deal for slating - do. 1 18 and edges shot do. 2 1 and springed do. 2 3 Inch boarding - do. 2 10 edges shot do. 2 13 and springed do. 2 15 Inch yellow deal edges, shot under lead do. 2 16 IJ inch do. do. do. 3 13 IJ inch do. do. do. 4 7 Weather, featheredge, with boards. rough do. 2 4 edges chamfered do. 2 6 planed ditto do. 2 10 rough with battens do. 2 15 edges chamfered 0. 2 18 planed ditto do. 3 3 li deal, four inches wide to ' angles, per foot run. 4 Louver solid frame, with oak sill for ditto - per foot super. 9 common featheredge, wrought inside do. 9 inch deal, wrought 2 sides, and splayed do. 10^ 49 Carpenter and Joiner. Boarding— louver, 1^ inch deal wrought 2 sides and splayed per ft. super. cutting ends, with pins and mortises, each small brackets - - do. sound, slit deal, with fillets included per square, j ditto, ditto - do. inch ditto, ditto - do. Boxings to windows— inch deal splayed per foot super. U ditto - . do. inch deal proper - do. IJ ditto - - do. circular head - do. Bracketing and cradling— 1^ inch deal cradling to entablature over columns - - do. 2 inch ditto, do - - do. circular soffits - - do. to waggon-head ceilings, do. bracketing to cornices - do. circular ditto - - da bracketing to coves - doi to groins - do. I J spherical bracketing in domes, spandrils, heads of niches, &c. do. Casements, French 2 inch deal astragal and hollow, 2 inch wainscot ditto 2 inch mahogany ditto 2J inch ditto 2j inch wainscot ditto do. do. do. do. do. vaults, per square centremg to groins - - do. trimmers, &c. per ft. sup. G Centreing — common centreing to £ s, J, 1 IJ 5 4 1 15 2 5 2 14 Hi 1 U 1 1 1 3 2 6 8 10 7 10 7 1 7 1 1 4 1 2 1 9 2 9 3 3 2 6 1 15 2 15 7 50 £ s. cl Carpenter and Joiner. Centreing to apertures - each 2 6 Cisterns and sinks I] deal wrought 2 sides, and dove- tailed cisterns - per foot super. 1 1 1 J ditto, ditto - - do. 1 2 2 inch ditto, ditto - do. 1 6 2} ditto, ditto - - do. 1 8J 1 \ proper ledged flap and frame to ditto - - - do. 1 9 Ij deal bottom and bearers to sink - - - do. 11 H deal ditto, ditto - do. I 1 2 inch deal wrought 2 sides, fram ed and beaded front to si nk, do. 1 6 Chimney fronts— inch deal - do. 9 IJ ditto - - - do. 11 inch deal framed flush - do. 10 U ditto - - do. ] U ditto - - do. 1 2 Closet fronts— 1 J deal framed and beaded fronts, with flush pannel oval, and 2 pannels square door, do. 1 IJ ditto, ditto - - do. 1 1 2 inch dittOj ditto - do. 1 5J \\ deal front, with 2 pannel ovolo flat & square doors in 2 heights, do. 1 li 1 J ditto, ditto - - do. 1 3 Columns and pilasters \\ deal diminished columns do. 2 6 square pilasters do. 1 1 IJ deal columns •• - do. 3 square pilasters ^ do. 1 4 2 inch deal columns - do. 3 6 pilaisters - do. 1 8 fluting to columns and pilasters. 2 inches wide - per foot run 3 ditto, 3 inches wide - do. 4J 51 £ s. d. Carpenter and Joiner. tryglyphs - - * each 1 common modillions - - do. 6 ditto capped - - do. 8 Cornices— single cornice - per ft. run 6 1 fascia and ditto - do. 8 ditto plugged - - do. 9 inch fascia and single cornice, do. 9 ditto plugged - - do. 10 Counter fronts— inch deal, square framed per foot super. 10 U ditto, ditto - - do. 1 ovolo or ogee flat and square back - - do. 1 1 quirk ovolo bead, or quirk ogee bead, flat & square back - - - do. 1 3 IJ deal ovolo, ditto - do. 1 2 quirk ogee bead, ditto, do. 1 3 bead, flush and ditto, do. 1 3 with small doors do. 1 5 Cradling— ^ee Bracketing, <^c. Dado— |- deal keyed - - do. 10 inch ditto - - do. 1 li ditto - - - do. 1 2 inch deal circular on the plan, grooved and backed - do. 2 6 U ditto, ditto - - do. 2 9 Deal— slit, rough, labour and nails included - - do. 4 ditto, edges shot - - do. 4^ ditto, ledged or battened do. 5J ditto, plowed and tongued do. 4J wrought one side - - do. 5 ditto, rabbeted or grooved, and beaded, and plugged - do. 7 ditto, ledged - - do. 7 ditto, and cut circular - do. 8 52 £ s. d Carpenter and Joiner. Deal— slit, cover and bearers, per ft. super. 6J bent to soffits wrought 2 sides ditto, circular ditto, and lodged ditto, rabbeted, grooved, or beaded ditto, and ledged ditto, and rabbeted three-quarter, rough, as before ditto, and edges shot ditto, and ledged ditto, plowed and tongued ditto, cover, board, & bearers do. wrought one side ditto, and rabbeted ditto, ditto, and beaded ditto, do. do. and ledged ditto, linings ditto, covers and bearers to chimnies - - do. 8 ditto, wrought one side, as be- fore, plinth ditto, wrought 2 sides ditto, do. rabbeted or grooved do. ditto, do. do. and ledged ditto, do. dovetailed drawers do. do. scolloped or cut circular do. ditto, clean inch, rough, as before ditto, edges shot ditto, bearers to cornice ditto, ledged - ditto, plowed, tongued, and rabbeted wrought one side ditto, plowed and tongued do. n do. 5i do. 7 do. n do. u do. 9 do. 7 do. 5 do. 51 do. 7 do. 7' do. 7 do. 6 do. 7 do. 71 do. 8 do. 81 do. 8 do. 7 do. 8 do. 81 do. 9i do. 9J do. 7 do. ^ do. 7 do. 9 do. 8i do. 8 do. 8 do. 9 53 £ 5. d. Carpenter and Joiner. Deal— inch, wrought one side, rabbeted and beaded - per ft. super. 9A ditto, ditto, and framed do. 9i ditto. Torus plinth do. 10 ditto, ditto, raking do. llj wrought 2 sides do. 9 ditto, and framed do. 10 ditto, and dovetailed do. 1 ditto, rabbeted, beaded, and ledged do. m ditto, and cut circular do. 1 2 clean do. 9 I4 inch, rough, as before do. 81 ditto, edges shot do. 9 ditto, and bearers do 10 wrought one side do. 10 ditto, and beaded do. lOJ ditto, plowed and tongued do. 11 ditto, rabbeted and beaded do. 11 ditto, double ditto do. 1 ditto, cut circular do. 1 2 ditto, rabbeted, beaded, and ledged do. 1 2 ditto, and bearers do. lU ^^^M ditto, Torus plinth do. 1 ^^^H ditto, ditto, raking do. 1 2 ^^^K ditto, do. circular top edge do. 1 4 ^^^K wrought 2 sides do. m ^^H| ditto, and ledged do. 1 ^^H^ ditto, and framed do. 1 ^^H^ ditto, and dovetailed do. 1 2 ^^^B ditto, sunk shelves, and molded ^^^K edge do. 1 1 ^^^ clean do. 11 H IJ inch, rough, as before do. 9} B ditto, edges shot do. 10 H ditto, and bearers do 1 54 £ s. d. Carpenter & Joiner. Deal, IJ inch, rough as before 5 wrought one side per ft. super. in ditto, and bearers do. 1 ditto, and beaded do. ditto, and rabbeted - do. OJ ditto, ditto, and beaded do. 1 ditto, double do. and do. do. n ditto, framed do. 1 ditto, and dovetailed do. 2 wrought two sides do. ditto, rounded on edge, and bearers do. 2 ditto, and framed do. 2 ditto, and dovetailed do. 4 ditto, plowed and tongued do. 2 ditto, sunk shelves and molded edge do. 2J ditto, grooved standards, mold- - ed on edge do. 2J ditto, cut circular do. 4 clean do. 1 2 inch rough, as before do. OJ ditto, edges shot do. 2 ditto, and bearers do. 3 wrought one side do. 2i ditto, and framed do. 5 ditto, and clamped do. 6 ditto, keyed and do. do. 7 wrought two sides do. 4 ditto, and rabbeted do. 6 ditto, and clamped do. 7 ditto, and framed do. 6 ditto, do. and rabbeted do. 7 ditto, plowed, tongued, and beaded do. 6 ditto, and cut circular do. 7 clean do. 3 55 £ s. (L Carpenter & Joiner. Deal, 2^ inch rough, as before, per ft. super. 3 ditto, and rabbeted da 4 ditto, plowed and tongued do. 5 wrought one side do. 6 ditto, and bearers ■ do. 8 ditto, rabbeted and beaded do. 8 ditto, plowed and tongued do. 8 ditto, framed do. 8 wrought two sides . do. 7 ditto, and framed do. 9 ditto, rabbeted and beaded do. 9 ditto, plowed and tongued do. 9 ditto, stall board do. 8 ditto, mitred plinth do. 10 dittto, cut circular do. clean do 6 3 inch, rough, as before do. 5J ditto, and rabbeted do. 7 ditto, plowed and tongued do. 7 wroifght one side do. n ditto V rabbeted and beaded do. 9i ditto, plowed and tongued do. 91 ditto, framed do. 9J wrought two sides do. 9J ditto, rabbeted and beaded do. 11 ditto, plowed and tongued do. 11 ditto, framed do. 2 clean do. 1 9 Doors, ledged— f deal, rough do. 7J ditto, wrought two sides do. 91 ditto, do. plowed, tongued, ; and beaded do. 11 inch deal, rough do. 91 ditto, wrought 2 sides do. m ditto, do. plowed, tongued, ; and beaded do. 1 1 \\ deal, rough do. 1 56 Carpenter & Joiner. Doors, ledged, IJ deal, wrought two sides per. ft super. 12 ditto, plowed, tongued, and beaded* . do. 1 3J IJ deal, rough - do. 10 ditto, wrought two sides do. 10 ditto, do. plowed, tongued, and beaded - - do. 10 framed, inch deal, 1 pannel square do. 10 ditto, folding - do. 11 IJ deal, 2 pannel square do. 10 ditto, folding - do. Oil ditto, 4 pannel square do. Oil ditto, 2 pannel, bead, but, and square - - do. 1 1| ditto, 4 pannel ditto do 1 2^ ditto, 2 pannel, bead, but, 2 sides - - do. 1 3 ditto, 4 pannel ditto - do. 14 ditto, 2 pannel, bead, flush, and square - - do. 12 ditto, 4 pannel ditto do. 13 ditto, 2 pannel, bead, flush, 2 sides - - do. 1 4 ditto, 4 pannel ditto do. 15 U inch, 2 pannel square do. 1 IJ ditto, 2 pannel, folding do. 1 2| ditto, 4 pannel square do. 1 2| ditto, 6 pannel ditto do. 1 3|- ditto, 2 pannel, bead, but, and ' square - -. do. 13 ditto, 4 pannel, do. do. do. 14 ditto, 6 pannel, do. do. do. 15 inch deal, 2 pannel, bead, but, two sides - - do. 1 4i ditto, 4 pannel do. do. do. 1 5|^ ditto, 6 pannel do. do. do. 1 6|^ 57 £ s, d. Carpenter & Joiner. Doors, framed, inch deal, 2 pannel, bead flush, and square per ft. super 1 3|^ ditto, 4 pannel, do. do. do. 1 4 J ditto, 6 pannel, do. do. do. 1 51 ditto, 2 pannel, bead flush, both sides - do. 1 5j ditto, 4 pannel, do. do. do. 16} ditto, 6 pannel, do. do. do. 17} ditto, 2 pannel, treble bead flush, and square - do. 1 4} ditto, 4 pannel, do. do. do. 1 5} ditto, 6 pannel, do. do. do. 1 9} ditto, 2 pannel, treble bead flush, 2 sides - - do. 17} ditto, 4 pannel, do. do. do. 18} ditto, 6 pannel, do. do. do. 1 6} ditto, 2 pannel, ovolo flat and square - - do. 12} ditto, 4 pannel, do. do. do. 1 31 ditto, 6 pannel, do. do. do. 1 4j ditto, 6 pannel, blank do. do. 12} ditto, 2 pannel, ovolo, flat, two sides - - do. 1 3} ditto, 4 pannel, do. do. do. 14} ditto, 6 pannel, do. do. do. 15} ditto, 2 pannel, quirk ogee, bead flat and bead square - do. 13} ditto, 4 pannel, do. do. do. 14} ditto, 6 pannel, do. do. do. 1 5} ditto, 6 pannel, blank do. do. 13} ditto, 4 pannel, quirk ogee, bead flat, two sides - do. 1 6} ditto, 6 pannel, do. do. do. 17} 2 inch deal, 4 pannel square do. 17} ditto, 6 pannel, do. - do. 1 8} ditto, 4 pannel, bead, but, and square - - do. 19} H 59 £ s. d Carpenter & Joiner. Doors, framed, 2 inch deal, 6 pannel, bead, but, and square per ft. super. 1 10 ditto, 4 pannel, bead, but, two sides - - do. ditto, single pannel do. ditto, 4 pannel, bead, flush, and square - - do. ditto, 6 pannel, do. - do. ditto, 4 pannel, bead flush, two sides - - ^^^ ditto, 6 pannel, do - do. ditto, 4 pannel, ovolo flat and square - - f^^- ditto, 6 pannel, do. - do. ditto, 6 pannel, blank do. do. ditto, 4 pannel, ovolo, flat, two sides - - ^^' ditto, 6 pannel, do. do. do. ditto, 4 pannel, quirk ogee, bead flat and square - do. ditto, 6 pannel, do. do. do. ditto, 6 pannel, blank do. do. ditto, 4 pannel, quirk ogee, bead, flat, two sides - do. ditto, 6 pannel, do. do. do ditto, 6 pannel, ovolo raised pan- nel, bead but back do. 2 ^2 ditto, 6 pannel, do. lower part bead flush, and bead but back - - ^^• ditto, ditto, ditto, with bead flush, and back - do. ditto, ditto, ditto, double margin, or hung folding do. 2i deal, 4 pannel square do. ditto, 6 pannel, ditto - do. 1 101 1 11} 1 9} 1 10} 1 lU 2 1} 1 8} 1 9} 1 n 1 9 1 10 1 91 1 101 1 81 1 HI 2 01 2 31 2 41 2 1 1 61 10^ 115 2 2 1 2 u 2 2J 2 OJ 2 U 2 3J 2 2 2 3 59 £ Carpenter & Joiner. Doors, framed, 2j inch deal, 4 pan- nel, bead but, and square per ft. super. ditto, 6 pannel, ditto do. ditto, 4 pannel, bead but, two sides - - do. ditto, 6 pannel, ditto do. ditto, 4 pannel, bead Hush and square - - do. ditto, 6 pannel, do. do. ditto, ditto, with double margin or hung folding - do. ditto, 4 pannel, bead flush, and bead but - do. ditto, 6 pannel, ditto - do, ditto, ditto, with double margin or hung folding - do. 2 6 ditto, 4 pannel, bead flush two sides - - do. ditto, 6 pannel, do. do. ditto, ditto, with double margin or hung folding - do. ditto, 4 pannel, ovolo, flat, and square - - do. ditto, 6 pannel do. - do. ditto, 4 pannel, ovolo flat both sides - - - do. ditto, 6 pannel, do. - - do. ditto, 4 pannel, quirk ogee bead, or quirk ovolo bead, flat and square - - do. ditto, 6 pannel, do, - do. ditto, 4 pannel, quirk ogee bead flat, and bead flush do. ditto, 6 pannel, do. - do. ditto, 6 pannel, folding do. ditto, 8 pannel, quirk ogee bead flat, and bead flush, with six inch margin - do. 2 8 2 2* 2 3J 2 7 1 lU 2 oi 2 Ok 2 n 2 Oi 2 U 2 2i 2 Si 2 5i 60 d. Carpenter & Joiner. Doors, framed, 2\ inch deal, 8 pan- nel, folding, quirk ogee bead flat, and bead flush, with six inch margin - per ft. super. 2 9 ditto, 6 pannel, ovolo raised pannels, lower part bead flush, and bead flush back do. 2 8 ditto, 6 pannel, double margin, or hung folding - do. 3 ditto, 8 pannel, ovolo raised pan- nel, lower part bead flush, and bead flush with six inch margin - - do. 3 2 ditto, ditto, folding - do. 3 3 ditto, 6 pannel, quirk ovolo fillet, raised pannels, lower part treble bead flush, and bead flush back - do. 3 ditto, 8 pannel, do - do. 3 2 ditto, ditto, folding do. 3 3 Sash doors, \\ deal, 2 pannel, square the lower part, with ovolo sash - - do. 1 4 ditto, 2 pannel, bead but and square do. - do. 15 ditto, 2 pannel bead flush and square do. - do. 17 ditto, 2 pannel, ovolo flat and square do. - do. 15 ditto, 2 pannel, ovolo flat and bead flush - - do. 17 ditto, 2 pannel, bead flush, and square the lower part, and astragal and hollow sash do. 17 ditto, 2 pannel, ovolo flat and bead flush do. - do. 18 Gl £ s. d. Carpenter and Joiner Sash-Doors — 2 inch, 2 pannel, square lower part, with ovolo sash per ft. sup. ditto, bead but and square do. ditto, bead flush and square do. ditto, ovolo flat and square do. ditto, ditto and bead flush ditto, bead flush and square lower part, with astragal and hollow sash ditto, ovolo flat and bead flush, do. ditto, ovolo flat both sides ditto, bead flush ditto ditto, bead folding 2| deal, 2 pannel, square lower part, with ovolo sash ditto, bead but and square do. ditto, bead flush and square do. ditto, ovolo flat and square do. ditto, ditto and bead flush ditto, bead flush, and square lower part, with astragal and hollow sash . - - ditto, ovolo flat and bead flush do. ditto, ditto both sides, do. ditto, bead flusli both sides do. Wainscot Doors— 2 inch, wainscot sash doors, the lower part ovolo and flat, and bead flush - do. 2 6 ditto, folding hatch doors, ovolo flat and bead, and flush back do. 3 6 ditto, ovolo or quirk ogee and bead, double margin, raised paiinels both sides, with astragal mold- ings on ditto, the raisings cross banded - - do. 4 2J ditto, ditto - - do. 4 9 ditto, ditto, one side raised, and square back - - do. 4 't. sup. 1 9 do. 1 101 do. 1 11 do. 1 10 do. 2 do. 2 do. 2 1 do. 2 do. 2 2 do. 2 4 do. 2 do. 2 1 do. 2 2 do. 2 3 do. 2 5 do. 2 5 do. 2 do. 2 5 do. 2 7 62 £ s, d. Carpenter and Joiner. Wainscot Doors — 2^ inch ovolo and flat pannels - per foot super. 4 ditto, wainscot sash, lower part bead flush both sides - do. 3 ditto, ditto, bead and flush hatch doors - - do. 4 ditto, sash door, raised pannels, ovolo on raisings, bead and flush back, and sashes struck, with 2 members - - do. 4 3 for mahogany doors, a reference must be made to the prime cost, in order to ascertain an accurate price. Drain covering— 1 J inch deal do. 7 IJ ditto - - do. 8 2 ditto - - do. 9J 2J ditto - - do. UJ 3 ditto - - - do. 1 2 Drawers— slit deal, dovetailed, to drawers f inch - - - 1 ditto IJ ditto - - - U ditto slit deal, bottoms wrought 2 sides f ditto framed and beaded legs per foot run 5 rabbeted runners - - do. 3 1 J wainscot ditto - do. 5 wainscot sliders glued to drawers do. 2 deal ditto - - - do. U turnings to legs - - each 1 Dressers — U deal dresser-top, wrought 2 sides - - per foot super. Oil clean - do. 15 2 inch ditto, f?ommon - do. 1 5 second l)est - do, 17 do. 7 do. 9 do. lU do. 1 2 do. 13 do. 5 do. 6i Carpenter and Joiner. Dressers — 2 inch deal dresser-top, wrought £ s. c/* 2 sides, clean per foot super. 1 11 2^ inch ditto, common do. 1 7 second best - do. 1 9 clean do. 2 1 3 inch ditto, common do. 1 10 second best do. 2 clean do. 2 3 inch pot-board and bearers do. 9 U ditto do. 1 Elbows— /S'ee BacA's, Sfc. Elm Timber, without labour per ft. cube. 4 do. and labour in bond and plates do. 4 8 do. framed . c^ c^^ cvy CO CO CO oooooo s OTj^crococD CQOiOj CO coco oooooo 1 •c ^•6 "lO) «|0» •-<|0» '^i'51 i-i|'J» i-l|OJ 0(M<:o o ^ "^ .-H (>} (>J C^ CO CO oooooo 1 1 0! ® S3"" Ci rH iO 050CO ^ O) C^ (>) CO CO oooooo S o *> r-H CO 1> O '-1 r— 1 r-H p-H ^ (>}(>) C\J CO oooooo ® E •d rt|o) ^|e> Ho* '-!'?» -!•» Ho» lO Ci r-l lO CX) rH ^ --f 0? CV) (N (>) oooooo 1 6 -^GO OTf i>0 oooooo 'TIJ *i I « ^ OJ ^ I '^ -g -s t o O I § S 1 -^ -^ »S § o" o o o o -S .^ .^ .? ^ Jz; hj p ft « Q i o i> a 1 •a o . "-» rlfoi rl|0» ih|o< >-i|e» O ^ 00 O COCO CO CO COrf^ Tt^ OOOOOO --H CO t^ t-( (>} lO ! Oi CO CO CO '^ Tj^ oooooo 1 ■-l|&» "-l|0> -Hbt ^|0» rHl-Jl r-lloi Oi p-H »o c:^ o CO C^COCOCOT^rt oooooo 1 s '! 3 OOO'^OO^C^ i-H C^ CO CO CO CO T}< oooooo £ ^1 "-l-Jl --I'M -^l-M "-ll^J '-} CO CO CO Tj^ OOOOOO 1 « S (3^ it 2 5 2 9 3 1 3 5 3 8 3 11 s ® B £ CO t' ^ CO <:d O) I-H (>? C^ (N CO CO CO oooooo % . o ^ : --s I -§ .2 • -g -S 1. « : g ^ 5 2 • 5 d ^ •^ 'o bfl _ 5 s: S o jj jj ^ o o" o" o" o" o -S ^ 5 .S .^ 12; Hi ft fl ft P 66 Carpenter & Joiner. ns /-^ Z) ;-* \n ^ O tn o OS OJ 0) s s PH -Tj ^"^ 0) 4-J^ OJ c< c§ § ;_ ^4-H fe o l-rt ^ o 0) ^ Q) s P^ o ■^ -T-l =2 o ^ '~^- Ti V?) a> bo ^ 3 a> n-i r^ O o . g B £ S o O c^ -^ o ;-i 1^ o ?3 O o be g !3 3 1 1 T3 . OTt< X o CO ooo ooo . 1 1 2 S '-^\r>X rll'JJ r^lOJ r-|0» r-(|lH -^1-?) O (>} ^ O --H T^ CO '* Tt* -^^ ^ oo o o o o Prime Cost. £1 Os. Od. per load. 05 ^ v:) oi o CO CO ^ ""^ "^ ^'^ ^ oo oo oo i !>• «-H CO t^ O r- J 1— 1 I— 1 CO CO Tt< Tj^ Tt ^ O O O O OO 1 « s 111 ■-•loj -li^J i-jOJ '-<|)CDOG^»0 00 I-H CO CO COTt^ rj^ ^ O OOOOO 13 5 -g ^ '-s I -§ 51 s § 2 -C rrS v-5 o o" o' o o ;! »3 5 ft P Q 1 2^ ^ CO I- -H cv) ^':) I— 1 r— 1 -^ »o »o lO ^ O oooooo 1j r-'I'H rH|f>» -h|!M rll^J l-lioj iHI^J 05 ^ Vi 05 O CO ^ »o lo »o <:© } CDO^ O I-H "^ "f ^ V5 lO "^D OOOOOO 1 o 1 . o lO C5 I-H lO 00 •— 1 "^ Tf *o ^ ^o ^o oooooo 1 a 1 o S 2^ CO t- r-H CO CO Oi I-H -•^ rf '^ lO >0 ^ OOOOOO [ ^|0> r-l^) r^b) rHl/M ^|5, rH|o> pH »0 Oi •— 1 Tti !>. ^ "^ -^ lO ^O ^ OOOOOO c^ • • • « _ ' - 1 'd ^ ^ "H -d -2 - ^ -I 3 £ £ 2 ^ h3 S S P Q /ARPENTER and Joiner. I •n /"-s £ c3 0) 0) s a Cu ^-^ m ^Tr o • 5^ »0 CO CO CO t^ 1> E -S, (li •^ oooooo H"}* '-'l'>» '-'l'?> -"loj i-H|o» — 15> ^ 00 O^Q0.-H C^ o •o 1— 1 y ^J lO (;0 CO CO CO I- s £ p^ O P, OOOOOO © l><-H CO 1> O*^ -a T— 1 r— i o ia lo 10 CO CO CO r^ E ^ © C5. o. 'H oooooo ^b» ^\-n -<|9» H0» •-«|9» «N s" s »0 05 ^ lO 00 <— • o ."S J?l »0 »0 CO CO CO CO j E £ ^4 oooooo *i s Tt 00 o -^ i^ o S ^•o o 0) SJ:i >0 »0 CO CO CO CO E P.S. fU S oooooo o (NCO 00)»OQO 1— i O . ce F J?^ »0 *0 ^ coco CO (1. oooooo >-<|<» H'N "-"li?! -ilo* •-'l^ "-^l^i ♦i 2 OTf 00 ococo .^ •5 ® ^s lO ^ »0 CO CO CO 1 cS. Ph- ^ oooooo 0) OS rrt a> s -g ^ ~, Xi ti Ti tt . a *•< o 'tf c ss o o »- c 5 p *j j2 3 03 rt t< .12 .tJ- o ., 43 ^ T3 tS •5 3 . . .> . <5 o o o o o o -S .5 .^ ^ .5 ^ K) Q Q Q P rtj*) rH|o« rH|0» rt|o» .H| J>. 1> 00 00 E •c (N a P< HJ oooooo "S i 00 Or^ OOp-h c^ •a I-H o » s o CO l>- t- t^ 1> 00 E » (N a Ph SJ oooooo -l9lM5lHc»-'|->.-|'MrH|„ "K ■^ CO OCViCOO) o o •d I-H O ^•J CO CO I- I- i> 00 E 9 •c 0* o. fi* Si oooooo i lO Oi —H lO 00 <-t o tj 1-H ©— CO CO 1> !>> l^ t^ E 0) ^" 'S oooooo «<* i CO t- i-i CO CO 05 S . "d r-H si cococo r-i>i^ E s £ — a. s} oooooo ^. S I-H »0 Oi --H -^ 1> o •c 1 CO CO CO l^ 1> 1> -H a PL, SJ oooooo r-b* «l'» --l^l .-Ibl rllo) rllO, • s ^ CO »>• rH O) lO S "S o «§ lOCO COCOl> t- E s Pi Si oooooo ■XJ TS 3 rt rt o o o o o "o '^ .5 .^ *^ *• 12; ►3 S S q Q G8 Carpenter and Joiner. n3 ■a f^ •s ^-2 ^ '-' is. p . « -n ^ o o c2 r/J ^ ^ ^ --* ^^ Ti ^ ^0^ be ^ o S -s^ ^ .§3 O -/:* C! ^ O rt 8^ CD Ph ^ '% S S CJ ";= o bf c^ ci3 o ^ "Tj C -l", p O o o 42 > 5= • '"' ^ ^ p— 1 flS O 1 111 •o 5i o;) f-^ •-I Ci o Cj t- QO 00 'X 05 o^ o o o o o o 1 1 t- .-H CO t- O .— 1 r— 1 r—i l^ t- 0© 00 CX) 05 o oo o o o 1 s tn O OJ CD Ci O 1> 1> 00 00 X 05 oooooo 1 o 1 s t Tt^ X O "^ t- o t- t- X X X X oooooo t . -I « — o a. (N oo Oi ^ X 1> t- I- X X X o o o ooc o -b) -^l'^i ^I'ti r-iO, rHlS, rt|3, O Th X O CO o I- I- I- X X X oooooo r-' CO l- ^ O? O 1— i f— 1 QO I- I- t- X X oooooo — — ' -;3 -O C TJ C 3 O O >- S g O *J JJ 'O ;3 . , ~ « _j3 o <^ 3 2 2 ;! :^ Q S p Q s o a »0 Oi .-H iO X '-H i—t oooooo 1 CO t- >— < CO O C5 1— 1 (X) oo ao (Ji CJi oooooo 5 E •c r-^ lO O r-H rt^ I- X X XC5 oo oooooo 1 O -^ X O C-D CO X X X o o o oooooo 1 a. ■6 o rH|0) 'H|'» rHl^) r-|0> -l|71 - rt C 3 O O »- S S O j^ tj S n» 2 t: •- -^ ^ o o o o o ;S 3 S fi Q S 69 Carpenter & Joiner. Showing the Price to be charged per Foot cube for Fir, or other Timber used in Day-work^ calculated from £4 to £21 per load, prime cost, including Carting and Sawing. £ s. d. s. d. £ s. d. s. d. 4 per load ] prime 1 11 12 15 per load prime 6 1 4 5 cost, pC7' foot 2 01 13 cost, per foot 6 2* 4 10 Ocube . 2 2 13 5 cube .6 4" 4 15 . . . 2 3J 13 10 . . . 6 51 5 . . . 2 4.i 13 15 . 6 7 5 5 . . . 2 6 14 . 6 81 5 10 . . . 2 7i 14 5 . 6 10' 5 15 . . . 2 9 14 10 . 6 \n 6 . . . 2 10:1 14 15 . 7 r 6 5 . . . 3 15 . 7 21 6 10 . . . 3 H 15 5 . 7 4" 6 15 . . . 3 3 15 10 . 7 5 7 . . . 3 4.i 15 15 . 7 U 7 5 . . . 3 5 16 . 7 8*' 7 10 . . . 3 7 16 5 . 7 91 7 15 . . . 3 8^ 16 10 . 7 11 8 . . . 3 10 16 15 . 8 01 8 5 . . . 3 Hi 17 . 8 2 8 10 . . . 4 1 17 5 . 8 3 8 15 . . . 4 2i 17 10 . 8 5 9 . . . 4 4 17 15 . 8 6 9 5 . . . 4 5h 18 . 8 9 9 10 . . . 4 7" 18 5 . 8 91 9 15 . . . 4 8i 18 10 . 8 101 10 . . . . 4 9i 18 15 . 9 O" 10 5 . . . . 4 11 19 . 9 IJ 10 10 . . . . 5 Oi 19 5 . 9 3 10 15 . . . 5 2 IP 10 . 9 4 11 . . ..53 19 15 . 9 51 11 5 . . . 5 41 20 ..97 11 10 . . ..56 20 5 . 9 81 11 15 . . . . 5 7i 20 10 . 9 10 12 . . ..50 20 15 . 9 111 12 5 . . . . 5 lOi 21 . 10 1 12 10 TV R_ . . .All 4i-i' nsn . 6 />!<►• /A O llffO fin rl oj insio nJtfiTrt^ One-third of the value of the timber ; hut if large quantities are used in the same business^ One-fourth. 70 ~ £ s d. Cari ENTER and Joiner. Flooring — ^Naked flooring, labour, and nails - - per square 6 ceiling floors framed into binders do. 7 G single framed trimmed to chimnies, and stairs - - do. 8 6 ditto, trimmed to party walls, chim- nies, and stairs - - do. 9 ditto, with one girder and joists, framed in ditto - do. 110 ditto, with two girders, ditto do. 13 framed with girders, binding, bridg- ing, and ceiling joists - do. 17 6 ground joists in sleepers - do. 5 6 For the calculation of the quantity of timber i?i a square of floorings ac- cording to the scantlings refer to the end of Roofing, inch white deal, rough edges, shot per square 2 10 yellow ditto - do. 2 14 white, wrought- folding do. 2 15 yellow ditto - do. 2 19 ditto, straight joint do. 3 3 IJ in. white deal, rough edges, shot do. 3 yellow ditto - do. 3 5 wrought folding - do. 3 5 ditto, straight joint, common nailed - - do. 3 10 yellow folding - do. 3 10 ditto, com. straight joint do. 3 15 ditto, plowed and tongued headings, edges nailed do. 4 5 \\ inch yellow deal, second best do. 4 12 ditto, dowelled - do. 5 2 ditto, clean - - do. 6 batten, com. yellow, straight joint - - do. 4 6 n £ s, d. Carpenter and Joiner. Flooring — 1 J inch batten, com. yellow, straightjoint, splayed head- ings - per square 4 10 ditto, plowed and tongued headings, edges nailed do. 4 14 ditto, good straight joint, with plowed and tongued headings, ditto - do. 5 ditto, dowelled - do. 5 15 second batten, straight joint, with plowed and tongued headings, edges nailed do. ditto, ditto, dowelled do. 5 5 5 10 ditto, ditto, clean - do. 6 10 wainscot, dowelled - do. 9 10 1| inch ditto, ditto - do. 11 10 deal, rough edges, shot do. 3 15 ditto, plowed or rabbeted on the lower edge, and fea- ther tongued - do. 4 4 2 inch deal, rough edges, shot do. 5 ditto, plowed or rabbeted, &c. as before - do. 5 10 2 inch deal, bam floor clear of sap do. 5 5 72 Carpenter and Joiner, The following will shew the quantity of 10 or 12 feet boards, which will finish a square of flooring, at six different widths :— Inches wide 10 feet boards. Superficial feet wanting. 5 24 6 20 7 17 8 15 Feet. Inches 9 13 2 6 10 12 4 Widths. 12 feet boards. 5 20 6 16 2 7 14 4 8 12 1 9 11 10 10 Flooring — Barn floors laid with 2 inch oak plank, listed, and clear of sap per squ. Framing — For the calculation of the quan- tity of timber in a square of framings according to the scantlings see Roofing. Gates, lodged. ^Ij deal plowed, tongued, and beaded, . with IJ ledges and braces per ft. sup. IJ do. do. with IJ ledges^ &c. do. framed — 2 inch deal framed and braced, filled in with one inch deal, plowed, tongued & beaded do. 2\ ditto, ditto, with \\ do. do. do. ditto, ditto, wiih \\ battens do. do. 2 inch deal bead but and square gates, in 8 pannels - do. 5. d. 15 6 1 5 1 8 1 11 2 5 2 6 2 73 £ *. 2 2 2 6 2 8 2 7 2 10 3 2 10 3 3 4 2 10 3 2 3 4 Carpenter and Joiner. Gates — framed — 2 inch deal bead flush and square, in 8 pannels per foot sup. ditto, ditto, in 12 pannels - do. ditto, ditto, in 16 pannels - do. ditto, bead flush both sides, in 8 pannels - - do. ditto, ditto, in 12 pannels do. ditto, ditto, in 16 pannels do, 2J deal, bead flush and square, in 8 pannels - - do, ditto, ditto, in 12 pannels do. ditto, ditto, in 16 pannels do. ditto, bead flush both sides, in 8 pannels - - do. ditto, ditto, in 12 pannels do. ditto, ditto, in 16 pannels do. if framed with a wicket, add upon the whole face - do. 2 ramped top rails to be charged extra, as also the hangings palisade — 2 inch deal, lower part flush, upper part open, to cor- respond with fence - do. 2 6 2J ditto, ditto, ditto - - do. 3 all hanging to be charged extra, oak— common five-barred each 15 Girders— oak truss, 4 inches square per foot run 10 labour, sinking groove, and fixing truss - - do. King's - - each Queen's, including wedges do. labour, letting screw bolts and plates into girders - do. sawed, reversed, and bolted per ft. run. Furrmos to underside of srirder per ft. super. 3 9 6 6 6 6 1 4 1 4 Carpenter and Joiner. Grounds, narrow— inch deal for moldings £ s. d. per fool t run. 3 ditto, circular do. 6 ditto, writhed do. 9 ditto, framed for chimnies do. 4 framed — inch deal per foot super. 91 ditto, and rabbeted do. 10^ IJdeal do. 1 ditto, and rabbeted do. 1 1 \i deal do. 1 2 ditto, and rabbeted * do. 1 3 Gutters— inch deal, and bearers do. 1 U ditto, ditto do. 1 2 inch deal trough do. 9 ditto, wrought do. 11 \\ deal wrought trough, pitched do. 1 3 ditto, fillet gutter, pitched do. 1 3 ditto, arris ditto, ditto do. 1 4 Handrails — See Stairs. Ironing-boards— inch deal, wrought both sides and clamped, hung with hinges, including hanging stiles « - - do. li ditto do. 2 li ditto do. 3 ditto, clean, ditto, ditto do. 6 2 inch deal clamped, ditto, ditto do. 8 Ladders— standard, &c. per round. 6 Liniiigs and fascias to back of shelves, &c. i inch deal, plowed, tongued, beaded and plugged, or with backings per foot super 7 I inch deal, ditto - do. 8 inch ditto, ditto - - do. 10 f deal fascia, edges beaded do. 8 inch deal ditto, ditto - do. 9J apron lin- per ft. super. 1 2 do. 2 4 do. 9} do. lU do. 1 n do. 1 2 do. 10} do. 1 0} do. 1 2} do. 1 3 75 £ s. d, Carpenter and Joiner. Linings — 1^ straight rabbeted ings, lower edge beaded ditto, ditto, circular ditto Linings to doors and soffits, inch deal single rabbeted U ditto, ditto 1|^ ditto, ditto ditto, beaded on edge inch deal, double rabbeted U ditto, ditto U ditto, ditto ditto, beaded on edge with backings dovetailed into the ground, add - - do. 2 framed, and soffits. IJ deal one pannelled jambs and soffit square, and rabbeted one edge 1} ditto, ditto framed — \\ deal 2 pannel jambs, and one pannelled soffits \l deal ditto, ditto 1| deal 3 pannelled ditto, ditto 1| ditto, ditto, ditto \\ deal 1 pannelled ditto, ovolo flat, and rabbeted one edge U ditto, ditto, ditto 2 inch ditto, ditto, ditto li deal 2 pannelled ditto, ditto Ij ditto, ditto, ditto Linings, framed, and soffits. 2 inch 2 pannelled jambs and soffit, ovolo flat, and rabbeted one edge 1 J deal 3 pannelled ditto, ditto 1} ditto, ditto, ditto 2 inch ditto, ditto, ditto do. llj do. 1 n do. 1 0; do. 1 2, do. 1 V do. 1 3i do. 1 OJ do. 1 21 do. 1 5\ do. 1 1^ do. 1 3; do. 1 6i do. 1 21 do. 1 4} do. 1 7} 76 £ s. d. Carpenter and Joiner. Linings, framed, and soffits. IJ deal 1 pannelled jambs and soffit, framed bead flush or ovolo, raised and rabbeted one edge per ft. IJ ditto, ditto, ditto 2 inch ditto, ditto, ditto \\ deal 2 pannelled, ditto, ditto \j ditto, ditto, ditto 2 inch ditto, ditto, ditto IJ deal 3 pannelled ditto, ditto IJ ditto, ditto, ditto 2 inch ditto, ditto, ditto Ij deal 3 pannelled jambs, and 1 pannelled soffit, ovolo raised, and bead in the raising, rab- beted one edge 2 inch ditto, ditto, ditto 2i ditto, ditto, ditto 1 J deal 3 pannelled jambs, and 1 pannelled soffit, rabbeted one edge, the two upper pannels of the jambs ovolo flat, and the lower pannel bead and flush 2 inch ditto, ditto, ditto 2 J inch ditto, ditto, ditto both edges rabbeted, add for quirked mouldings, add backino^s dovetailed into orround Linings, back, to windows. inch deal, plain and tongued ditto, 2 pannel square ditto, 3 pannel ditto ditto, 2 pannel bead but ditto, 3 pannel ditto IJ ditto, ditto Mahogany. f inch in shelves, plinths, &c. do. 1 10 sup. U do. 3* do. 6i do. 2i do. 4i do. 7J do. 3i do. H do. M do. 1 5 do. 1 6 do. 1 10 do. 1 4 do. 1 5 do. 1 9 do. 1 do. 1 do. 2 do. 11 do. 11 do. 1 do. 1 do. 1 I do. 1 2 Carpenter and Joiner. Mahogany. £ s. cl 1 inch, in drawers per foot super. 2 1 f ditto, in shelves, &c. - do. 2 8 ditto, in drawers, &c. - do. 2 6 inch, in shelves, &c. - do. 3 ditto, in seats and bearers do. 3 ditto, in ditto, mitred & clamped do. 4 Ij ditto, in shelves, &c. do. 3 4 ditto, in seats and bearers do. 3 7 1 J ditto, in seats, &c. - do. 4 ditto, in ditto, and clamped flap do. 4 9 ditto, framed and beaded to nar- row stiles, and rails to fronts of bookcases - do. 5 mouldings - - do. 3 circular ditto - do. 6 Torus 1} girt - per foot run. 8 Mouldings, fillets, &c. Vough fillet - - do. 1 wrought ditto - do. u circular ditto - do. 2 deal stops - do. u wide mitred ditto do. 2 deal beads - do. H circular beads - - do. 3 rabbeted angle staff do. 6 ditto circular - - do. 1 ogee - - do. 2 circular ditto - - do. 4 quirk ogee bead, or quirk ovolo bead - - do. 3i cove and bead - - do. 3 beaded capping - do. 2i astragal mitred in pannels do. 3 three small reeds mitred in pan- nels - - do. 4 rule joint - - do. 4 78 £ *. d. Carpenter & Joiner. Mouldings, fillets, &c. large rule joint - per foot run 5 moulded rail and cloak pins do. 6 plain dentils - do. 6 fancy ditto - - do. 8 deal quirk moulding per foot super. 1 8 circular ditto, flat sweep do. 2 6 ditto, quick sweep - do. 3 4 wainscot mouldings - - do. 3 circular ditto - do. 4 6 mahogany mouldings - do. 4 circular ditto - - do. 6 housings to base or impost each 4 mutules or blocks - do. 8 ditto with bells, &c. do. 1 3 Tuscan blocks - - do. 6 ditto, raking - - do. 8 Ionic modillions, capped do. 9 ditto, raking - - do. 1 Newels. See Stairs. Oak, no labour, common scantling, per foot cube 6 6 and labour in bond and plates, &c. ditto, and framed ditto, wrought and framed ditto, ditto, and rabbeted ditto, proper door case in scantlings, 8 inches by 8 inches, and under 12 inches by 12 inches, without labour do. ditto, 12 inches by 12 inches old oak, sound and good, with- out labour ditto, in extra scantlings oak joists do. 7 2 do. 7 8 do. 8 2 do. 8 6 do. 9 do. 7 do. 7 6 do. 4 do. 4 6 do. 6 6 7^ £ s. d. Carpenter & Joiner. Oak plank, inch rough, per foot super a 9 ditto, labour and nails do. 11 ditto, edges shot do. ditto, and framed - - do. 1 ditto, wrought one side & framed do. 3 \\ rough do. 1 ditto, labour and nails do. 3 ditto, edges shot do. 4 ditto, and framed - - do. 5 ditto, wrought one side and framed do. 7 ditto, 2 inch rough do. 5 ditto, labour and nails do. 6^ 2 inch rough, labour and nails. and edges shot do. 7J ditto, and framed do. %\ ditto, wrought one side and framed do. 10 inch rough - do. 9 ditto, labour and nails do. 2 1 ditto, and edges shot - do. 2 ditto, and framed - do. 2 1 ditto, wrought one side and framed do. 2 3 3 inch rough do. 2 1 ditto, labour and nails do. 2 3 ditto, and edges shot do. 2 4 ditto, and framed do. 2 6 ditto, wrought one side and framed do. 2 8 3i inch rough do. 2 5 ditto, labour and nails do. 2 7 ditto, and edges shot do. 2 8 ditto, and framed - - do. 2 10 ditto, wrought one side and framed - do. 3 2 80 £ s. d. Carpenter & Joiner. Pale fencing. 4 feet pale fencing, with 4 feet oak cleft pales - per rod running 117 6 5 feet ditto, ditto - - do. 2 5 park paling, with 5 and 6 feet cleft pales, 2 rails in a pan- nel - - do. 2 12 6 ditto, 3 rails in a pannel do. 2 15 5 feet cleft pale fencing, with IJ bottom plank - do. 2 15 6 6 feet ditto - - do. 3 2 6 7 feet ditto - - do. 3 7 6 Partitions, quarter, labour and nails only. common 4 inch - per square 6 6 circular in the plan - do. 9 common 5 inch - - do. 7 circular in the plan do. 9 6 common 6 inch - do. 8 trussed with king post and braces do. 11 ditto with queen post, &c. do. 13 The above is for fir ; where oak is used add to these prices one fourth; the cube quantity of timber to be charged as fir, no labour. ASashes. deal. wainsc. mahog. s. d. s. d. .9. d. IJ ovolo per ft. sup, do. single hung do. . 8 ■ 9 - 1 ■ 1 ■ - 1 4 5 do. double do. do. 10 - 1 2 - 1 6 IJ astragal and hollow fixed - do. 9 1 5 do. single hung do. 10 - 1 2 - 1 6 do. double do. do. 11 - 1 3 - 1 7 1| octagon, fixed do. - 1 2 - 1 6 do. single hung do. do. double do. do. 1 2 - 1 3 4 - 1 7 *8 Ih ovolo circular on plan do. 1 . 1 5 - 2 4 do. astragal & hollow do. do. 2 - 1 7 - 2 6 2 in. ovolo sashes fixed do. 9 _ 1 2 - 1 6 do. single hung do. 10 - 1 3 - 1 7 do. double do. do. 11 - 1 4 - 1 8 do. astragal and hollow, fixed - do. 10 3 7 do. single hung do. 11 - 1 4 - 1 8 do. double do. - do. ^ 1 5 - ] 9 do. octagon fixed do. - 1 4 . 2 2 do. single hung - do. do. double do. - do. 1 2 - 1 5 6 - 2 - 2 3 4 do. circular on plan do. 2 - 1 6 - 2 8 do. astragal and hollow on plan - - do. 1 3 - 1 8 - 1 10 do. circular fan over doors do. , 2 3 - 2 8 - 3 6 do. angle bars extra per ft. run. 1 ** JL 4 - 1 8 85 £ s d. Carpenter and Joiner. Sash frames only. deal cased frames for 1 J sashes, oak sunk sills, prepared to hang single with brass-cased pullies per ft. sup. 9 ditto, prepared to hang double do. 10 deal cased frames, with wainscot pulley pieces, beads, &c. oak sills double sunk, for 1 J sashes to hang single, with brass-cased pullies do. 10 ditto, to hang double - do. Oil ditto, with mahogany pulley pieces and beads, ditto - - do. 1 5 deal cased frames for 2 inch sashes, oak sunk sill, prepared to hang single with brass-cased pullies do. 10 ditto, prepared to hang double do. 11 deal cased frames for 2 inch sashes, oak sunk sills, wainscot pulley pieces and beads, prepared to hang single, with brass-cased pullies do Oil ditto, prepared to hang double do. 12 ditto, with mahogany pulley pieces and beads - - do. 1 6 sash frames with circular heads, the circular part to be double price ; and the dimensions to be taken from the springing of the arch. Sash frames and sashes. deal cased sash frames, oak sunk sills, IJ deal ovolo sashes, single hung with white lines, brass-cased pullies, and iron weights do. ditto, double hung ditto - do. ditto, with astragal and hollow sashes single hung - - do. ditto, double - - do. 1 7 1 9 1 8 1 10 86 £ 5. d. Carpenter & Joiner. Sash frames and sashes. deal cased sash frames, with 2 in. deal ovolo sashes, double hunor per foot super. 111 ditto, with astragal and hollow sashes - - - do. 2 deal cased sash frames, oak sills, with wainscot pulley pieces and beads, IJ wainscot ovolo sashes, single hung complete - do. 2 4 ditto, double hung, ditto - do. 2 .6 ditto, with 1 J astragal and hollow sashes - - - do. 2 7 ditto, with mahogany pulley pieces and beads, and \\ mahogany astragal and .hollow sashes, sin- gle hung complete - do. 3 ditto, double hung - do. 3 2 deal cased frames, oak sills, double sunk wainscot pulley pieces and slips, 2 in. wainscot ovolo sashes, single hung, brass puUies, and iron weights - - do. 2 8 ditto, double hung, ditto • - do. 2 10 ditto, with mahogany pulley pieces and beads, and 2 in. mahogany astragal and hollow sashes, hung complete - do. 3 6 ditto, double hung, ditto do. 3 8 ditto, with 2\ mahogany astragal and hollow sashes, double hung complete - - do. 4 2 Shelves— f deal shelves - do. 7 ditto astragal edge - do. 8 inch deal - - do. 9 ditto astragal q^q - do. 10 87 £ s. d. Carpenter and Joiner. Shelves.— inch deal sunk and cut standard per foot super. Oil U deal - - - do. 11 ditto astragal edges - do. 1 ditto, sunk and cut standard do. 10 lideal - - - do. 1 1 ditto, astragal edges - do. 1 2 ditto, sunk and cut standard do. 13 grooves in bookcases per foot run. 1 inch deal cut brackets - each 8 U deal ditto - - do. 10 Shutters— J inch ledged or clamped per foot super. 9j f ditto, ditto - - do. 10^ ditto, ditto, in two heights do. IH- inch deal, clamped back flaps do. Oil ditto, ditto, in two heights do. 12 inch deal, one pannel, bead flush and square - - do. 1 3 ditto, 2 pannels - - do. 1 3 ditto, in two heights - do. 14 IJ deal, clamped - - do. 1 3 ditto, in two heights - do. 1 5 ditto, 2 pannel square - do. 1 4 ditto, in two heights - do. 16 ditto, 2 pannel ovolo flat & bead flush, prepared for cutting do. 18 ditto, ditto, in two heights do. 19 ditto, one pannel, bead flush and square back - - do. 1 5 ditto, 3 pannel, bead and flush both sides - - do 1 8 ditto, in two heights - do. 1 9 ditto, 4 pannel, bead and but both sides - - do. 1 7 ditto, in two heights - do. 1 8 88 Carpenter & Joiner. Shutters — 1 J deal , 2 pannel, quirk, ogee & bead, with a small molding in ditto, bead and flush back, in one height - per foot super. 1 8 ditto, in two heights - do. 1 9 ditto, framed, 3 pannels ditto, one height - _ do. 1 9 ditto, in two heights - do. 1 10 ] J deal, 2 pannel square, prepared to cut - . - _ do. 1 4 ditto, in two heights - do. 1 5 ditto, 2 pannel, ovolo flat and flush, prepared for cutting - do. 1 6 ditto, in two heights - do. 1 7 ditto, 3 pannels, one height do. 16 ditto, ditto, two heights - do. 1 8 ditto, 2 pannel, bead flush and square - - do. 1 5 ditto, 3 pannel, ovolo flat & flush do. 16 ditto, ditto, bead and flush both sides - - - do. 1 9 ditto, 4 pannel, ovolo flat & flush, with broad rail, for cutting do. 19 ditto, in two heights - do. 1 10 ditto, framed, quirk ogee and bead, and flat pannel, with astragal in ditto, bead and but back, in one height - - do. 1 11 ditto, in two heights - do. 2 1 ditto, framed quirk ogee and bead, in any molding, raised pannel, with molding to ditto, ovolo and flat back, one height - do 2 ditto, in two heights - do. 2 2 sliding — inch deal, 2 pannel, square, no lines or weights - do. 1 Oi li 2 pannel, square ditto - do. 1 2} 89 Carpenter and Joiner. Shutters, sliding — 1;^ 2 pannel, bead but & square, no lines or weights per ft. sup. ditto, quirk ogee bead, or quirk £ s. d. 1 4 ovolo bead, flat and square do. 1 4i IJ 2-pannel, bead flush, andi square ; do. 1 4i outside — lj2-pan. bead but&squ. do. 1 4 ditto, ditto, bead flush & bead but do. 1 6 ditto, ditto, bead but both sides do. 1 5i ditto, ditto, bead flush and square do. 1 ^ ditto, ditto, circular on the plan do. 2 1 J 3-pannel, bead flush and i square 1 do. 1 5 ditto, ditto, circular on the ; plan do. 2 2 ditto, ditto, 3 reeds flush & square 3 do. 1 7 ditto, ditto, circular on the 1 plan do. 2 5 Skirting — \ inch square do. • 5J ditto raking - do. 6J 1 deal square - do. 61 ditto raking - do. 7* ditto scribed to nosings do. 8^ inch deal do. 8J ditto square, beaded - do. n ditto raking do. lOJ ditto scribed to nosings - do. lU \\ deal square do. m ditto raking - do. llj ditto scribed to nosings do. 1 O.i Torus — 1 deal do. 7f ditto raking - do. 81 ditto scribed do. 91 inch deal do. 101 ditto raking . do. ditto scribed do. 1 \\ deal . do. I ditto raking . do. 2 ditto scribed - do.. 3 if plugged to walls, add |d. per foot, if circular, double the price. 90 Carpenter and Joiner. Skylights — 2 inch deal ovolo straight bar - - per foot sup. do. do. do. do. do. £ s. d. ditto with cross bars ditto hipped ditto ditto with cross bars 2 J deal ovolo with cross bars ditto ditto hipped Soffits— /See Backs^ ^c. Stabling— f deal, rough, plowed and tongued flaps per ft. super ditto, ditto, wrought one side do. ditto, ditto, both sides & beaded do. ditto circular in plan to racks do. inch deal rough, plowed, tongued, and ledged - - do. ditto wrought one side, ditto do. ditto both sides, ditto - do. ditto wrought one side, plowed, tongued, and beaded linings do. ditto wrought both sides, plowed, tongued, and glued arches over heel posts - - do. 1 J deal, one side plowed, tongued, and beaded linings - do. ditto, wrought both sides, mangers do. ditto, wrought both sides, plowed, tongued, and glued arches over heel posts - - do. ditto, wrought both sides, plowed, tongued, and dovetailed corn bin - - - do. 1 J wrought both sides, mangers do. ditto, ditto, and chamfered wheel boards - - - do. ditto wrought both sides, plowed, tongued, and glued arches over heel posts - do. 1 6J 7 8J 1 6 9J lOj lU 9^ 1 m 11 1 3 1 2 1 01 1 n I 4 91 £ s, d. Carpenter & Joiner. Stabling — Ij deal wrought both sides, plowed, tongued, & dovetailed corn bin - per foot super. 13 2 inch deal, wrought both sides, mangers - - do. 16 ditto, wrought ditto, and cham- fered wheel boards - do. 1 7 ditto, plowed, tongued, & beaded partitions between stalls do. 18 2 J ditto, & chamfered wheel boards do. 1 8J ditto, plowed, tongued, & beaded partitions between stalls do. 1 10 1 i or.k litter boards, rounded edge do. 10 circular rims to racks in two thick- nesses of 1 J deal per foot run. 10 ditto, ditto, li deal - do. 1 arris seed racks - - do. 2 oak wrought, rounded, and rabbeted capping to fronts of mangers, 4 inches by 3 inches - do. 10 ditto straight top rail, 5 inches by 4 inches, wrought all round, & framed top rounded do. 1 9 ditto, ditto, ramped do. 3 6 groove in oak do. 3 bar to coach-house doors do. 6 deal rack staves, 2J inches diam. do. 4 oak or ash ditto do. 8 rail for harness pins do. 8 turnings to heel posts each 4 ditto to rack staves do. 6 holes to ends of rack staves do. 2 harness pins, 8 inches long do. 8 -airs — inch yellow deal steps, risers •> and carriage per foot super. 1 6 IJ ditto, ditto do. 1 9 ditto, ditto, v/ith molded nosings 5 do. 2 92 £ s d. Carpenter & Joiner. Stairs— 1 J sebond best yellow deal, molded nosings, close string per foot super. 2 ditto, ditto, with return nosings, risers mitred to string do. 2 3 ditto clean deal ditto - do. 2 9 ditto steps, risers, and carriages to geometrical stairs, with molded nosings and returns to risers, mitred to string do. 3 ditto second best - do. 3 3 ditto, clean deal ditto - do. 3 9 circular block to curtail step each 9 ditto veneer to riser of do. per ft. run. 2 6 ditto hollow to ditto - do. 1 \\ wainscot steps, risers, & carriage, molded nosings per ft. super. 3 6 ditto, circular on the plan - do. 4 6 Spandrils. IJ deal, framed square - do. 1 \\ ditto - - do. I 2 2 inch ditto - - do. 1 5 li ovolo flat one side, and square do. Oil 1 J ditto, ditto - - do. 1 ^ 2 inch ditto, ditto - do. 1 6 1 J quirk ogee bead, and square do. 13 H ditto, ditto - - do. 1 5 2 inch ditto, ditto - do. 1 8 String boards. \\ deal raking, string, wrought both sides and framed - do. 1 3 ditto, ditto, sunk and beaded do. 14 ditto, ditto, sunk, molded, and cut for steps - do. 1 5| ditto, mitred to risers - do. 1 7 ditto, circular ditto - do. 3 93 Carpenter and Joiner. Stairs— String boards. sides and framed, writhed do. glued up in thicknesses per foot super. Handrails. 6 deal straight molded per foot circular ditto t run. do. 1 2 6 ramps and knees writhe and twist do. do. 3 8 mahogany straight molded ramps and knees writhe and twist do. do. do. 3 9 18 9 6 ditto glued up in thicknesses straight mahogany molded hand- rail, cross banded do. do. 1 6 ramps and knees writhe do. do. 1 12 6 nuts and screws to joints Warne's handrails. each 2 6 2 J Jamaica mahogany rail, plain or reeded, without heading joints, straight per foot run. 4 3 ramps swan neck ditto circular rails writhe - - - Half-rails charge two-thirds. Balusters. deal square bar ditto dovetailed into steps wainscot square bar ditto dovetailed into steps mahogany ditto Planceer— both edges rounded both edges molded Newels— square framed single turnings double ditto i run. 4 3 do. 7 do. 8 do. 6 do. 1 do. 2 do. 3 do. 4 do. 5 do. 7 do. 2 do. 3 do. 7 each 10 do. 1 3 «94 ■ £ s. d. Carpenter & Joiner. Stairs— Newels. turned and mitred caps of deal each 1 6 ditto of mahogany do. 3 ditto pendant do. 4 fixing iron newels do. 2 ditto balusters do. 1 6 Molded nosings and brackets. % molded nosings returned to end of steps do. 10 ditto, and cut brackets do. 1 10 circular and molded nosings do. 1 8 ditto, and cut brackets do. 3 8 housings to ends of steps do. 9 ditto, molded do. 1 Soffits — See bacJes^ elbows^ ^c. Spandrils — See stairs. String boards — See ditto. Surbases— ^ee architrave. Wainscotting, framed. inch deal - per foot super 9 ditto, dwarf do. 10 ditto, raking do. 9J IJdeal do. 10 ditto, dwarf do. 10^ ditto, raking do. 11 Udeal do. lu ditto, dwarf do. 1 ditto, raking do. 1 1 inch deal, flush for covering do. 8J U ditto, ditto do. 10} IJ ditto, ditto do. 11} 1| deal framed, ovolo ogee or quar - ter round, pannels flat do. 11 ditto, ditto, dwarf do. iij ditto, ditto, raking - do. 1 0} IJ deal ditto do. 1 ditto, ditto, dwarf do. c 1 0} 95 Carpenter & Joiner. Wainscotting, framed. I5 deal raking, ovolo ogee or quar- ter round, pannels flat per ft. super 1 J deal framed, ovolo ogee or quar- £ 3. d 1 n ter round, pannels raised do. ditto, ditto, dwarf do. OJ ditto, ditto, raking - do. u IJ deal ditto da 1 ditto, ditto, dwarf do. u ditto, ditto, raking do. 2i Ij deal framed, ovolo ogee or quar - ter round, pannels raised, and ; El moulding on the raising do. OJ ditto, ditto, dwarf do. 1 ditto, ditto, raking do. 2 1 J deal ditto, ditto do. n ditto, ditto, dwarf do. 2 ditto, ditto, raking do. 3 1 J deal bead and but do. lU ditto, ditto, dwarf do. ditto, ditto, raking do. 1 IJ deal ditto do. 0} ditto, ditto, dwarf do. 1 ditto, ditto, raking do. 2 1 J deal bead and flush do. ditto, ditto, dwarf do. OJ ditto, ditto, raking do. 1* U deal ditto do. 1 ditto, ditto, dwarf do. U ditto, ditto, raking do. 2i ''ainscot, foreign. i inch wainscot, labour and nails do. m ditto, ditto, wrought both sides and dovetailed do. 1 4J 1 inch wainscot labour and nails do. 1 3 ditto, wrought one side do. 1 5 mch wainscot, labour and nails do. 1 8 2 2 4 2 4i 2 6J 2 9 2 7 2 9 96 £ s. d. Carpenter & Joiner. Wainscot, foreign. inch wainscot, wrought both sides, per foot super ditto, ditto, and dovetailed do. IJ wainscot, wrought one side do. ditto, ditto, both sides - do. ditto, ditto, ditto, clamped or framed - - do. Ij ditto, framed flush - do. ditto, ditto, bead and flush do. ditto, ditto, ditto, with inch pan- nels - - - do. 2 7 ditto, wrought both sides, mitred and clamped - - do. 2 11 IJ ditto, counter- top, clamped do. 3 6 ditto, wrought one side do. 2 10 ditto, framed flush - do. 3 2 inch, wrought one side - do. 3 6 ditto, framed fronts, bead, and flush in front, and flush within do. 4 4 2h inch wainscot - - do. 4 4 wainscot mouldings - do. 2 6 J inch beads - per foot run. 3 Washinof troughs. 1} clean white deal, wrought both sides, splayed, and put together with white lead per foot s 1| second best yellow deal Water closets. Ij deal seat, riser, and bearer ditto, second best ditto, clean inch white deal, clamped flap, and rail ditto, clean 1 J yellow deal, ditto ditto, second best ditto uper 1 4 do. 1 4 do. 1 do. ] 1 do. 1 4 do. 11 do. 1 2 do. ] 1 do. 1 2 97 Carpenter & Joiner. Water-closets. II yellow deal, second best, clean per foot super, ditto, clean mitre clamped ditto do. inch mahogany seat and riser do. ditto, clamped flap and frame do. Water-trunks. inch deal 4|^ water-trunk, pitched, painted, and fixed, complete, 'per fo( 1| deal 4i ditto, ditto, ditto inch deal 5 inch ditto IJ ditto, ditto ditto, 6 inch ditto Wedges. See Day-work, Charges for day-work, ash timber carpenter or joiner ditto £ s. 1 4 1 7 3 6 4 • foot running 1 4 tto do. 1 5 do. 1 5 . do. 1 7 do. 2 per foot cube 5 6 per day 6 per hour 7^ 98 Carpenter and Joiner. k §1 < n) !§ -fi c •• a •" ^H eo m ^ w CS| '2 ^, •« ^ i •H s. .s 1 G 3 3 S^s •cJ . rt Vi 3 -3 « s i; -♦* 2 a* c -* .« o s 1} cast-iron butts and screws per pair 8 2 ditto • do. 9 2J ditto . do. 10 21 ditto . do. 11 2| ditto - do. 1 i^ I - 3 ditto - ■ do. 1 3 :) r 3^ditto - do. 1 6 4 ditto - do. 2 \^ wrought iron butts and screws do. 8 1} ditto - do. la 2 ditto - do. 1 2i ditto - do. 1 2 2J ditto - do. 1 4 2f ditto . do. 1 6 ^ i. 3 ditto . do. 1 8 :> I (; 3J ditto - do. 2 4 ditto ■- do. 2 6 inch cast back flap - - do. 6 li ditto - do. 8 IJ ditto - do. 10 If ditto - do. 1 2 ditto - do. 1 3 inch wrought ditto . do. 8 U ditto - do. 10 U ditto - do. 1 If ditto - do. 1 3 2 ditto - do. 1 7 cross garnet, or hook and I eye hinges. 10 inch - do. 1 2 12 ditto - do. 1 4 14 ditto . do. 1 6 16 ditto - do. 1 8 18 ditto - do. 2 '. . 20 ditto - do. 2 6 < To be measured from the joint. > and including nails, all exceed- ing 20 inches, to be charged per lb. 8 103 £ s. d. Carpenter & Joiner. Ironmongery. Hinges. HL's. 6 inch with screws per pair 1 2 7 inch ditto do. 1 4 8 inch ditto do. 1 8 9 inch ditto do. 2 10 inch ditto do. 2 6 12 inch ditto do. 3 6 larger sizes per lb. 10 Parliament, cast-iron. 3} inches with screws per pair 1 8 4 inches ditto do. 1 10 4} inches ditto do. 2 Parliament, wrought iron. 3J inch with screws do. 2 4 4 inch ditto do. 2 6 4} inch ditto do. 2 9 5 inch ditto do. 3 Hinges, side. 3 inch with screws do. 6 4 inch ditto do. 8 5 inch ditto do. 10 6 inch ditto do. 1 7 inch ditto do. 1 3 8 inch ditto do. 1 6 9 inch ditto do. 1 6 10 inch ditto do. 2 2 11 inch ditto do. 2 6 12 inch ditto do. 3 Holdfasts per lb. 6 ditto each 2 Latches — ^thumb-latches do. 1 Norfolk ditto - do. 1 4 plate ditto do. 1 6 Lead per lb. 6 Locks, with screws, &c. complete. 4 inch iron rim - each 2 5 inch do. 2 3 104 £ s. d Carpenter and Joiner. Ironmongery. Locks, with screws, &c. complete. 6 inch, 2 bolted brass nob each 3 6 ditto, 3 bolted ditto . do. 4 6 7 inch, 2 bolted ditto do. 4 6 ditto, 3 bolted ditto . do. 5 with rings, add do. 4 8 inch iron rim draw back do. 7 6 9 inch ditto - do. 9 6 10 inch iron-bound do. 5 6 12 inch ditto . do. 7 6 common mortise lock, plain furniture do. 12 6 ditto, wrought ditto . do. 15 Nails and brads. 2d. per hundred 2 3d. do. 3 4d. - do. 4 6d. do. 6 8d. • do. 8 lOd. do. 10 20d. . do. 1 8 24d. . do. 2 Pitch per lb. 5 Pullies— If inch, all iron - each 5 I J inch ditto do. 6 If - do. 7 If - - do. 8 2 inch ditto do. 10 1§ iron frame and brass sheave do. 7 IJ inch ditto - do. 8 If inch ditto do. 9 If inch ditto •» do. 10 2 inch ditto do. 1 If inch, brass front and brass sheave . do. 8 Ij inch ditto do. 9 H inch ditto - do. lOi 105 Carpenter & Joiner. Ironmongery. Pullies. If inch, brass front and brass sheave each 1 2 inch ditto do. 1 4 2 inch brass axle pullies do. 2 2i inch ditto do. 2 6 Wood-sash pullies. IJ inch do. 2 2 inch do. 3 pullies and boxings do. 9 Sash drops, of brass do. 3 fastenings of ditto, patent do. 1 6 ditto, ditto, best - do. 2 screws do. 8 line, common - per yard 3 best flax ditto do. 3i small patent ditto - do. 6 large patent ditto do. 8 weights, cast iron per lb. P 2i lead ditto do. b 5 Screws— 1 inch per dozen 3 inch do. 4 IJ inch do. 5 H inch do. 6 If inch do. 7 2 inch do. 8 2| inch do. 10 3 inch do. 1 2 3J inch do. 1 4 4 inch do. 1 9 Shutter turns each 6 screws do. 6 stubs and plates do. 6 Smiths' w^ork. chimney bars, wrought iron per lb. 4 wrought iron ties, &c. do. u ditto, screwed bolts and nuts do. 8 106 Carpenter and Joiner. Ironmongery. Smiths' work. cast iron columns - per cwt. ditto gratings, &c. - - do. ditto railing, with wrought iron top-rail, fixed complete do. rail, all wrought iron - do. ditto, in plain gates - do. ditto, in bookcase doors per lb. rail-holes cut in Portland each ditto in York - - do. standard holes double. Spikes - - - per lb. Tar - - - do. ditto - - per gallon Wall hooks - - per lb. ditto - - each White lead - - per lb. Wire-work. fly wire for safes, from Is. 6d. to per foot super brass twisted ditto for bookcases do. trellis ditto - do. iron wire guards for windows or skylights - - do. strong ditto to fancy patterns do. brass ditto, from 3s. 6d. to do. flat drawn, from 5s. to - do. if in a brass frame, add per foot run mahogany frame ditto - do. For all ironmongery not here inserted, add 20 per cent upon the prime cost of the article, which is consi- dered the carpenter's profit. Carriages. Gentlemen's wheeled. Chaise, plain post - each travelling post - do. Chariot, elegant - - do. £ s. d. 1 11 6 18 5 lOi 2} 4 6 6 1 4 6 2 9 112 178 286 107 Carriages. Gentlemen's wheeled. Chariot, plain, town Coach, elegant plain town travelling Curricle Gig, good plain elegant Landau _ , - Landaulet Phaeton Sociable The above prices include all extras CARROT-cutting Machine. See Machine. Carving. The Corinthian, or composite capi- tal, is valued by the diameter, being done according to the order, with stem, leaves, volutes, &c. is charged at - - per inch For instance, a capital 12 inches dia- meter, taken four times, makes 48 inches, at 2s. 6d. per inch is £6 for carving the capital complete; and so in proportion to a three quarter, or half column, &c. A pilaster capital on the face is one quarter. The Ionic capital, in complete order, is from Is. 3d. to Is. 6d. per inch diameter. Cart, common, one horse, for light work, with axletree, wheels, «&c. complete ditto, for heavy work, ditto 2 horse ditto, for light work, ditto ditto, ditto, heavy work, ditto Mule, for the West Indies. close-bodied cart with axletree, wheels, &c. complete £ 5. d. each 193 do. 337 do. 189 do. 201 do. 103 do. 58 do. 78 do. 186 do. 157 do. 93 do. 102 2 6 28 36 37 45 30 108 Cart. Close bodied cart, for 2 puncheons of rum, made strong, common axletree, with gun metal boxes, wheels, &c. complete - - 52 10 Scotch - - each 17 17 ditto - - do. 19 19 ditto - - do. 21 Cartage, Rates of In pursuance of an act of Parliament passed in the 30th year of the reign of his late Majesty king George the second, inti- tuled " An Act to explain and amend an act made in the 18th year of his late Majesty's reign, to prevent the misbeha- viour of the drivers of carts in the streets of London, Westminster, and the limits of the weekly bills of mortality, and for other purposes in this act mentioned," the Justices here presenthaving proceeded to take into their consideration the rates and prices assessed and rated by a cer- tain order made at the General Sessions of the Peace, holden for the city of Lon- don, by adjournment at the Guildhall within the said city, on Thursday, the third day of October, in the 39th year of the reign of his late Majesty, for the carriage of all goods which should be taken up in the said city of London, and carried by any carts, cars, or carroons, as well in the said city of London, as from the said city of London into the city of Westminster, or any other place or places, not exceeding the distance of three miles from the said city of London, do assess and rate the rates and prices here- inafter mentioned, as reasonable rates and 109 Uartage, Rates of. prices for the carriage of all goods which shall be taken up in the city of London, and carried by any licensed carts, cars, or carroons, as well in the said city of London, from the said city of London into the city of Westminster, or any other plac6 or peaces not exceeding the distance of three miles from the said city of Lon- don, that is to say: Every parcel of dry goods, such as in- digo, argol, cheese, and all other goods (not hazardous) of the like bulk and weight, whether in one or many casks, above 19 cwt. and not exceeding 25 cwt. to be deemed a load. Every parcel of dry goods, such as in- digo, argol, cheese, and all other goods (not hazardous) of the like bulk and weight, whether in one or many casks, above 15 cwt. and not exceeding 19 cwt. a small load. Ditto, not exceeding 15 cwt. a half load. Each of the parcels of grocery next hereinafter mentioned are to be deemed as follows : For^ or as a full load. Two hogsheads of sugar, light or heavy, three tierces of ditto, not exceeding 25 cwt. ; one butt and one caroteel of cur- rants ; 50 baskets Malaga or Denia rai- sins ; 30 frails or pieces of Alexias ; 20 barrels Belvideras orLiparas; 20 barrels or 80 tapnets of figs ; one butt and a small cask of Smyrnas ; five barrels of no £ s. d. Cartage, Rates of. rice ; three bales of aniseed ; six barrels of almonds. Fw\ or as a small load. One butt of currants or Smyrnas ; one butt and one roll of currants ; 20 quarter barrels, or 50 jars of raisins of the sun three puncheons of prunes. One hogshead of sugar, or any parcel of grocery not exceeding 15 cvvt. to be deemed a half load ; pot or pearl ashes, weiorhincr from 19 cwt. to 25 cwt. to be deemed a load ; one ditto not less than 15 cwt. a small load ; two hogslieads of tallow a load ; fish oil, ten barrels to be a load. From any of the quays below the bridge, to any part of Lower Thames- street, up Fish-street hill to the Monu- ment, up Pudding lane, Botolph lane, St. Mary at hill, St. Dunstan's hill, or any of the lanes leading from Thames- street, Pudding lane, Botolph lane, and that part of Upper Thames-street from the Bridge foot, to Martin's lane, Miles's lane, and Old Swan : For every load as before mentioned 3 4 For every small or half load 2 7 From any of the wharfs between the Tower and London Bridge, to Dyer's Hall, Coal Harbour, Steel Yard, Double- hood warehouse, Laurence Pountney lane. Three Cranes, Queenhithe, Queen - street hill. College hill, Dowgate hill, that part of Fish-street hill above the Monument, or any of the lanes as high as both Eastcheaps, leading from Lower Ill £ Cartage, Rates of. Thames -street to Tower-street, Mark- lane, Lime-street, Billiter-lane, Leaden- hall-street, Duke's place, St. Mary Axe, Bishopsgate-street within, Cornhill, Finch-lane, Lombard-street, Birchin- lane, Abchurch-lane, Clement's-lane, Gracechurch-street, both Eastcheaps, Philpot-lane, Rood- lane, and places of the like distance : For a load - - - 4 1 For a small load - - - 3 4 For half a load - - 2 7 From the quays to Broad-street, Threadneedle-street, Lothbury , Bartholo- mew-lane, London-wall, Coleman-street, Basinghall-street, Old Jewry, Laurence- lane, Ironmonger-lane, Milk-street, Aldermanbury, Wood-street, Cheapside, Poultry, St. Martin's-le-Grand, Newgate- street, Paternoster-row, St. Paul's Church -yard, Doctors' Commons, Old Change, Friday-street, Bread-street, Bow-lane, Watling-street, Basing-lane, Bread-street hill, Trinity-lane, Old Fish- street, or any part of Thames-street from Queenhithe to Puddle-dock, or places of the like distance within the gates, and also to Bishopsgate without, not exceed- ing the London workhouse, Aldgate High-street within, Whitechapel bars, Houndsditch and the Minories : For a load For a small load For half a load From the quays to all places between the plates and bars, the above-mentioned articles otherwise ascertained before ex- cepted. 4 11 4 1 2 7 112 Cartage, Rates of. £ s. d. For a load - - 5 11 For a small load - - 4 8 For half a load - - 4 1 For Yorkshire packs to all places within the gates - per pack 4 2 For ditto to all places within the gates and bars do. 5 For Spanish wool to any place within the gates - per bag 7 And from all other warehouses to Blackwell Hall, and other Inns within the gates do. G For ditto to all places between the gates and bars do. 7 N. B. To carry nine bags of Spanish wool in a load, and no more. Several kinds of goods next hereinafter mentioned, being either not weighable, hazardous, or cumbersome, are to be carried at the rates next hereinafter mentioned, viz. East India goods that are weighable, as tea, coffee, &c. to any of the Company's warehouses in Fenchurch-street, Lime- street, the Exchange, &c. 3s. 7d. per ton, and 2Jd. per cwt. the overweight. All pieces of arrack, containing about one hundred and fifty gallons each, 3s. each, or a greater quantity in two or more smaller casks - - 3 6 Hamburgh, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Scotch, and Irish linens, in chests, vats, bales, and packings, of various weights and sizes, from 8d. to per chest, bale, &c. 4 3 Tobacco from either of the quays to the respective merchants' warehouses situate as follow : Tower-street, Tower- hill, Crutched friars, Minories, Little 113 £ s. d. Cartage > Rates of. and Great Chamber-street, Goodman's fields, and Well's warehouses, Goodman's fields. And from either of the said ware- houses to either of the quays, as sugar or other dry goods: Smyrna cotton, per bag; sacks of goats' hair, wool, or of galls or silk, nuts or sponges, or coUoquintida, or bales of cotton yarn, or chests of drugs, or pistachia - each 7 Cyprus cotton - per bag 12 Turkey silk - per bale 8 Bales of carpets - each 17 Ditto, small bales - do. 9|- Fangots, or sacks of mohair yarn, or fangots of silk, or baileys of Tur- key cotton - each 5 East India coast bales per bale 8 Ditto, bales prohibited do. 11 All bags and bales of cotton (large Cyprus bags excepted) each 7 All packets of ditto, and half bales of sponge - - do. 31 For Cartage of Wine, Oil, Brandy, Rum, %c. Two pipes, two butts, or four hogsheads of wine, one piece and one puncheon, two puncheons or pipes of brandy, two puncheons of rum, two pipes, two small butts, one great butt, four hogsheads, or any quantity of oil, whether in one or more casks, above 200 and not exceeding 300 gallons, to be accounted a load. One pipe and one hogshead, or three hogsheads of wine, one pipe or one pun- cheon of brandy, three hogsheads or any quantity of oil, rum, &c. above 150, not 114 £ s. d Cartage, Rates of, exceeding 200 gallons, to be esteemed a small load. One pipe, one butt, or two hogsheads of wine, one pipe or one puncheon of brandy, one puncheon of rum, one pipe, one small butt, or two hogsheads, or any quantity of oil, not exceeding 150 gal- lons, an half load. Fish oil; ten barrels to be (and not hazardous) a load. From any of the quays below the bridge to any part of Lower Thames-street, or any part of Upper Thames-street as far as the Three Cranes, or to any part of the lanes or hills leading from or to the above places, to Tower-street, Mark-lane, Mincing-lane, Seething-lane, Crutched- friars, Poor Jewry-lane, Fenchurch- street, Lime-street, Billiter-lane, Leaden- hall-street, Duke's-place, St. Mary Axe, Bishopsgate-street within, Cornhill, Finch-lane, Lombard- street, and any of the lanes leading from thence to Cannon- street, Walbrook, Budge-row, Grace- church-street, both Eastcheaps, Philpot- lane. Rood-lane, and places of the like distance : For a load as before mentioned 4 2 For a small load - - 3 4 For half a load - - 2 7 From the quays to Broad-street, Threadneedle-street, Lothbury, Bartho- lomew-lane, Coleman-street, Old Jewry, Lawrence-lane, Ironmonger-lane, Milk- street, Aldermanbury, Wood-street, Cheapside, Bow-lane, Bucklersbury, Poultry, the back of the Exchange, Fri- 115 s. d. 5 2 4 2 3 4 Cartage, Rates of. day-street, Bread- street, Basing-lane, Bread-street-hill, Trinity-lane, Old Fish- street, any part of Thames-street west- ward of the Three Cranes, and places of the like distance : For a load For a small load For half a load From the quays to London-wall, St. Martin's- le-Grand, St. Paul's Church- yard, Doctors' Commons, Paternoster- row, Newgate-street, Blowbladder-street, Bull and Mouth-street, Foster-lane, and places'* of the like distance within the gates, as also to Bishopsgate without, Aldgate High-street within Whitechapel bars, Houndsditch, and the Minories : For a load - - 5 2 For a small load - 4 2 For half a load - - 3 4 From the quays toLudgate-hill, Fleet- market, Old Bailey, Snow -hill, Holborn- bridge, Smithiield, Aldersgate-street, Barbican, Redcross -street, Fore-street, and places of the like distance : For a load For a small load For half a load From the quays to Fleet-street, Tem- ple-bar, Fetter-lane, Holborn-hill, and places of the like distance : For a load For a small load For half a load For cartage of dry goods from the wharfs, &c. westward of the bridges, from any of the wharfs between London -bridge 5 Jl 5 2 3 4 6 8 5 2 4 2 116 £ 5. d. Cartage, Rates of. and Puddle dock, to any part of Upper Thames-street, or any of the hills or lanes leading directly out of it : For a load - - 4 1 For a small load - 3 4 For half a load - - 2 7 From any of the wharfs between Lon- don bridge and Queenhithe, or any of the warehouses in or adjoining to that part of Upper Thames-street, to all places above excepted within the gates : For a load For a small load For half a load To all places between the gates and bars: For a load For a small load For half a load From any of the wharfs between Queen- hithe and Puddle dock, or any of the warehouses in or adjoining to that part of Thames-street to Old Fish-street, Car- ter-lane, Doctors' (Commons, Basing-lane, St. Paul's Church-yard, Newgate-street, Cornhill, and all places within the gates, westward of the streets leading from Bishoj)Sgate to London bridge up the hill: For a load For a small load For half a load To Little Eastcheap, Tower-street, Fenchurch-street, Lower Thames -street, Crutched-friars, and all places within the gates, eastward of the streets leading from Bishopsgate to London-bridge; as also 4 1 3 4 2 7 5 7 4 2 3 8 4 1 3 4 2 7 117 £ s. (I Cartage, Rates o£ to Ludgate-bill, Old Bailey, Fleet-mar- ket, Holborn -bridge. Snow-hill, Smith- field, Aldersgate-street, Barbican, and all other places westward of Cripplegate within the bars : For a load - - -050 For a small load - - 4 2 For half a load - 3 4 To Fore-street, Whitecross-street, Bishopsgate-street-without,Houndsditch, and all other places eastward of Cripple- gate within the bars : For a load - - 5 11 For a small load - - 4 8 For half a load - - 3 4 From any of the quays below the bridge, or from Cannon-street, Lombard- street, Leadenhall-street, and places of the like distance, not exceeding Cornhill, Bishopsgate-street-within, Walbrook, Budge-row, Queen-street-hill, and Queenhithe, to any part of High-street in the borough of Southwark, as far as St. George's church, to any of the wharfs in Tooley-street, not exceeding Stanton's wharf, at the end of Stoney-lane : For every load of dry goods and grocery mentioned For a small load of dry goods For half a load of dry goods Wine, olive oil, rum, &c. from and to the above mentioned places : For a load For a small load For half a load - From any of the above mentioned quavs, and the above mentioned places 4 1 3 4 2 7 5 4 2 3 4 118 £ s. 4 11 4 2 3 4 6 8 5 2 4 2 Cartage, Rates of. to Bankside, Gravel lane, Deadman's place, Blackman-street, Kent-street, White-street, Long-lane, Bermondsey- street, St. Saviour's dock, Dockhead, Shad Thames, Black's fields, or any of the wharfs in Tooley-street below Sy- mond's wharf, and all the places adjacent of the like distance: For every load of dry goods or gro- cery For every small load of dry goods For half a load of dry goods Wine, oil, brandy, rum, &c. to the above mentioned places : For a load For a small load For half a load [The bridge and bridge yard toll to be paid by the merchants.] From any of the quays below the bridge, and any of the hills or lanes leading from Lower Thames-street, from Tower- street, Fenchurch-street, Leadenhall- street, Gracechurch-street, Bishopsgate- street-within, and all places adjacent on the east side of the streets leading from Bishopsgate to the bridge, to Chancery Jane, the Strand, from Temple bar, as far as the New Church, and places adjacent of the like distance : For every load of dry goods or gro- cery - - - For a small load of dry goods 4 11 For half a load of dry goods 3 8 Wine, olive oil, brandy, rum, &c. from and to the above places : For a load - - 7 7 6 8 119 £ s. d. Cartage, Rates of. For a small load - - 5 11 For half a load - - 5 2 To that part of the Strand beyond the New Church, St. Martin's lane. Long Acre, Drury lane, Covent garden. Seven Dials, Monmouth- street, Lincoln's Inn fields, Clare Market, High Holborn, St. Giles's as far as the church, Gray's Inn lane. Red lion-street, Bloomsbury, and places adjacent of the like distance : For a load of dry goods or grocery For a small load of dry goods For half a load of dry goods Wine, olive oil, brandy, rum, &c. to the above places : For a load For a small load For half a load To Charing Cross, Whitehall, or any part of Westminster, as far as Bucking- ham gate, St. James's-street, Piccadilly, (to the end of Dover-street) Old Bond- street, Conduit-street, Newport Market, Soho, Oxford road, to the end of Regent- street, and places adjacent of the like distance ; For a load of dry goods or grocery For a small load of dry goods For half a load of dry goods Wine, olive oil, brandy, rum, &c. to the above places : For a load For a small load For half a load To Grosvenor-square, Mayfair, Berk- ley-square, Hanover-square, New Bond- street, Cavendish-square, and places of the like distance* 8 5 6 8 5 2 9 4 7 7 6 8 10 1 7 7 6 8 11 11 9 4 7 7 120 Cartage, Rates of. For a load of dry goods or grocery 11 11 For a small load of dry goods 9 4 For half a load of dry goods 7 7 Wine, olive oil, brandy, rum, &c. to the above places : For a load 13 5 For a small load 11 1 For half a load 8 5 From the quays to Goodman's fields, East Smithfield, the Hermitage, White- chapel without the bars, as far as George yard, not exceeding Dirty lane, and places adjacent of the like distance : For every load of dry goods or gro- cery 4 11 For a small load of dry goods 4 1 For half a load of dry goods 3 4 Pot or pearl ashes, weight as described : For a load 5 11 For a small load 4 2 For half a load 3 4 Fish oil for a load 4 11 Wine, olive oil, brandy, rum, &c. to the said places : For a load 5 2 For a small load 4 2 For half a load 4 2 To Whitechapel. Church-lane, Field- g:ate, Nightingale-lane, Virginia-street, Wellclose square, and places of the like distance : For every load of dry goods or gro- cery 5 11 For a small load of dry goods 4 8 For half a load of dry goods 3 8 Wine, olive oil, brandy, rum, &c. to the said places : For a load 6 8 121 £ s. Cartage, Rates of. For a small load 5 2 For half a load 4 2 To Ratcliff-highway, Wapping, Old Gravel lane, Cockhill, Shadwell, and places of the like distance : For a load of dry goods or grocery 6 8 For a small load of dry goods 5 2 For half a load of dry goods 4 2 Wine, olive oil, brandy, rum, &c. to the said places : For a load 8 5 For a small load 6 8 For half a load 5 11 To Ratcliif-cross, Stepney-causeway, Limehouse, Bell wharf, Shadwell dock, and all places adjacent of the like dis- tance : For a load of dry goods or grocery 8 5 For a small load of dry goods 6 8 For half a load of dry goods 5 11 Wine, olive oil, brandy, rum, &c. to the said places : For a load 10 I For a small load 8 5 For half a load 6 8 From the quays to Spitalfields, Shore- ditch, Moorfields, Windmill-hill, Ohis- well-street, and places adjacent of the like distance : For a load of dry goods or grocery 8 For a small load of dry goods 4 11 For half a load of dry goods 4 1 Wine, olive oil, brandy, rum, &c. to the above places : For a load 7 7 For a small load 5 11 For half a load 4 2 122 d. 6 8 4 11 4 1 7 7 5 11 4 2 Cartage, Rates of. To Old-street, that part of Whitecross street, out of the freedom of the city, Golden lane, Goswell-street, St. John- street beyond the bars, Clerkenwell Leather- lane. Saffron hill, Hockley in the Hole, and all places adjacent of the like distance : For evei-y load of dry goods or gro- cery For a small load of dry goods For half a load of dry goods Wine, olive oil, brandy, rum, &c. to the above mentioned places : For a load ' For a small load For half a load And as to all other places and goods, not before particularly mentioned, the same are to be carried and paid for in manner following, that is to say : All goods, wares, and merchandize whatsoever, weighing 14 cwt. or under shall be deemed half a load. And from 14 cwt. to 26 cwt. shall be deemed a load, from any part of the City of London, at the following rates, viz. For any way within and to the ex- tension of half a mile, for half a load or under - - 2 7 For above half a load, and not ex- ceeding a load 4 2 For any way more than half a mile, and to the extension of a mile, for half a load or under - 3 4 For above half a load, and not ex- ceeding a load - - 5 2 For any way more than a mile, and 123 d. Cartage, Rates ofl to the extension of one mile and a half, for half a load or under 4 2 For above half a load, and not ex- ceeding a load - 5 11 For any way more than a mde and a half, and to the extension of two raiks, for half a load or under 5 2 For above half a load and not ex- ceeding a load - - 6 8 For any way more than two miles, and within two miles and a half, for half a load or under 5 11 For above half a load, and not ex- ceeding a load - - 8 5 For any way more than two miles and a half, and within three miles, for half a load or under * - 6 8 For above half a load, and not ex- ceeding a load - 8 5 For any more than three miles, and within three miles and a half, for half a load or under - 7 7 For above half a load, and not ex- ceeding a load - - 9 4 For any way more than three miles and a half, and within four miles, for half a load or under 8 5 For above half a load, and not ex- ceeding a load - - 10 1 Case. Sus^ar Mill. See Roller. Casement. See Carpenter Sf Joiner, Casements and stays of wrought iron, per lb. 8 Cases, packing. See Packing Cases. Catgut. Bands for lathes, drum wheels, &c. per knot 2 124 £ 6^ cl Cattle. Method of measuring. Take the girt or circumference of the beast, standing square, just behind the shoulder-blade, from whence take the length along the back to that part of the tail as will plumb to the hind part of the buttock, sinking the offal. For example, suppose a bullock to girt 6 ft. 4 in., and in length 5 ft. 3 in. ft. in. Thus— 6 4 X 5 3 Sup. quantity 31 8 or area 1 7 33 3 33 ft. superficial, multiplied by 23, as will be seen by the following scale, make the beast to weigh 759 lbs. If half fat, deduct l-20th part. 38 721 Girt. ft in; multp Large cattle 4 6 16 do. 4 8 16 do. 4 10 16 do. 5 16 do. 5 2 17 do. 5 4 18 do. 5 6 19 do. 5 8 20 do. 5 10 21 do. 6 22 Cattle. 125 £ s. d. Girt. ft. in. multp. Large cattle 6 4 23 do. 6 8 24J do. 7 26 do. 7 4 27 do. 7 8 281 do. 8 30 do. 8 4 31 do. 8 6 32 attle, pigs,&c .2 6 11 do. 2 8 11 do. 2 10 llj do. 3 12 do. 3 2 12 do. 3 4 12* do. 3 6 13 do. 3 8 131 do. o O 10 14 do. 4 141 do. 4 2 15 do. 4 4 15J do. 4 6 16 The above is for fat beasts : a deduction must be made of one-twentieth part for half fatted ones, and others in propor- tion. The above will be found ex- tremely useful in valuing stock, &c. Javedo, in commerce, a Portuguese long mea- sure, equal to 27iV(5o English inches. Jedar, wild, specific gravity, 37 lbs. per foot cube Palestine ditto 38 J lbs. do. Indian ditto 82 lbs. do. American ditto 35 lbs. do. 126 Cedar, timber, specific gravity of 1 foot cube, 36 lbs. 61 cube feet - - 1 ton. £ «. «'. per foot cube per load of 50 feet I inch plank f ditto inch ditto U ditto IJ ditto 2 inch ditto 2J ditto 3 inch ditto 3i ditto 4 inch ditto per foot super do. do. do. - do. do. do. do. do. do. 10 Ceiling. Cement. The above wood is valuable for making patterns in machinery; none stands the wet sand better ; especially where thin castings are required. See Plasterers' Work. Cast iron, dust for. See Dust. To half a pint of milk put an equal quan tity of vinegar, in order to curdle it ; then separate the curd from the whey, and mix the whey with the whites of four or five eggs, beating the whole together. When it is well mixed, add a little quick lime through a sieve, until it has acquired the consistence of thick paste. With this cement broken vessels or cracks of all kinds may be mended. It dries quickly and resists the action of fire and water. Useful for turners. Take resin one pound, pitch four ounces, melt these together, and while boiling hot, add brickdust until by dropping a little upon a stone, you perceive it hard 4 10 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 21 5 7i 10 01 3 8 1 G 11 4 127 OtMENT. enough ; then pour it into water, and immediately make it up into rolls, and it is fit for use. Or take resin one ounce, pitch two ounces, add red ochre finely powdered, until you perceive it strong enough. Sometimes a small quantity of tallow is used, according to the heat of the weather, more being necessary in win- ter than in summer. Either of these cements is of excellent use for turners. By apj)lying it to the side of a chuck, and making it warm before the fire, you may fasten any thin piece of "* wood, which you will hold while you turn it; when you want it off again, strike it on the top with your tool, and it will drop off immediately. That will stand against boiling water, or the pressure of steam. In joining the flanches of iron cylinders, and other parts of hydraulic and steam-engines. Boiled linseed oil, litharge, and red and white lead, mixed together to a proper consistence, and applied on each side of a piece of flannel previously shaped to fit the joint. When the fittings will not admit easily of so thick a substance as flannel bein cr in- terposed, linen may be substituted, or even paper or thin pasteboard. This cement answers well also for joining broken stones, however large. Cis- terns built of square stones, put toge- ther with this cement, will never leak, or want any repairs. In this case the stones need not be entirely bedded in £ s. d I 128 Cement it ; an inch, or even less, of the edges that are to be next the water need only be so treated; the rest of the joint may be filled with good lime. Another cement, that will stand the ac- tion of boiling water and steam. This cement, which is preferable even to the former for steam-engines, is pre- pared as follows :— -take two ounces of sal-ammoniac, one ounce of flour of sulphur, and sixteen ounces of cast- iron filings, or borings. Mix all well together by rubbing them in a mortar, and keep the powder dry. When the cement is wanted for use, take one part of the above powder, and twenty parts of clean iron borings, or filings, and blend them intimately by grinding them in a mortar. Wet the compound with water, and when brousfht to a convenient consistence, apply it to the joints with a wooden or blunt spatule. Ditto, packed for use - per cwt. 2 16 Blood cement, a cement often used by coppersmiths, to lay over the rivets and edges of the sheets of copper in large boilers ; to serve as an additional security to the joinings, and to secure cocks, &c. from leaking, is made by mixing pounded quick lime with ox's blood. It must be applied fresh made, as it soon gets hard. Patent metallic - per cwt. I 17 4 covering for iron, copper, wood, &c. 129 Cement. Roman, one rod of brickwork worked in cement, will require 1 cubic yard of ditto 1 yard square of 14 68 bushels. 6 do. inch walling, 21 Ibushels U do. do. do. i 1 ditto of 9 inch ditto i ditto of4 inch ditto 1 ditto pointing to brickwork J 1 ditto, plain surface in plas- tering - - f do. per bushel 3 G Cement work. See Bricklayer and Plasterer. Centreing. See Carfenter and Joiner, Chaffcutter. See Engine. Chaffcutting Machine. See Machine. Chain, cattle, 1 strong cattle chain, 15 lbs. each G 6 Crane, from \ inch to I of an inch, per cwt. f inch and upwards do. Door - - - per lb. Drag, 1 strong drag chain, 20 lbs. eacli Timber, 1 ditto timber ditto, 54 lbs. do. Trace, short linked knotted trace per pair Chain. In surveying a measure of length, made of a certain number of links of iron wire, serving to take the distance be- tween two or more places. Gunter's chain contains 100 such links, each measuring 72iVo inches, and conse- quently equal to ^% feet or 4 poles. Chair. Garden, of iron, for one person each 1 for two persons do. 1 for three ditto do. 2 with canopy frame do. 2 ditto, and canopy do. 4 to encircle a tree do. G See Cabinet Maher^ Worh. R 3 15 3 10 1 8 6 1 2 6 5 1 11 2 12 4 G Mahogany. £> s. (I 130 Chaise. See Carnages. Chaldron. A dry English measure, consisting of 36 bushels, heaped up according to the sealed bushel kept at Guildhall, London; but on ship board, 21 chal- dron of coals are allowed to the score. The chaldron should weigh 2000 lbs.' A chaldron of coals will fill a space of four feet square, and three feet six inches deep; being a solid of 56 feet cube, or 96,840 inches. 21 chaldron one score. Chalk, specific gravity, per foot cube, 100 lbs. 20 feet cube, 1 ton. Channel Stone. See Pavers' Work Charcoal - i , i n ^ . ^ ' per bushel 2 ^ Dust, for Founders. See Dust Chariot, Gentlemen's. See Carriages. Cheese Press. See Press, Cherry-tree, timber, specific gravity, 44| \hs. per foot cube. Chest, Tool. See Tookhesl Chimney, Bar. See Bar. Pieces, in cast iron. common pattern per cwt. 1 6 ornamental . ^o. 1 10 stone box chimney pieces molded -of handsome pat- *^™^ - each 1 10 ditto. See Mason. wood. See Carpenter and Joiner. Pots, or moulds, first size - each 4 6 second - * do. 3 6 ^^^''^'^ - do. 2 6 fourth . - do. 1 4 £ s. d. per set do. 9 10 do. 12 each 4 each 9 • - 9 per lb. do. I 1 4 4 - each 3 48th part containing 131 Chissels, carpenters', cast steel paring socket mortise Cold, small large Masons, 1 set of 7 assorted Millwrights' steel chissels drills ditto sharpening ditto Ch^nix, a dry measure containing the 48th part of a medimnus, or six bushels. Chopin, a French liquid measure, • nearly a pint of Winchester, a term used in Scotland for a quart, wine measure. Chopper, cane-top. See Engine. Churn, patent - - from £1 15 to 6 6 CiNDER-sifting machine. See Machine. Circle, to find area of, multiply half the circum- ference by half the diameter, and the produce is the area. Or multiply the square of the diameter by -7854, and the product will be the area. Circumference. To find the circumference of a circle, multiply the diameter by 3f. Or multiply the square of the circum- ference by '07958, and the product will be the area. Cistern, or Tank. See Back for pi-ice in Iron, ' To find the contents of a cistern, &c. suppose it to be 4 feet long, 4 feet wide, and 4 feet deep. Then 4 times 4 is 16, and 4 times 16 is 64, being the cube contents: multiply 64 by 49 pints in a cube foot, gives 3136, and divided by 8, gives 392, which is the quantity of water, &c. a cistern of the above capacity will contain. 132 d. Cistern, or Tank, Thus 4 4 16 4 64 49 Cube contents. Pints in a foot cube. 576 266 8)3136 392 Gallons. Slate, put together with cement, and screwed bolts per foot super. 4 Cistern, wood. See Carpenter and Joiner. Citron, timber, specific gravity 45J lbs. per foot cube. Clamps for carts, &c. wain tongue wing each 3 end of ditto, with rivets - do. 3 Clasp. See Nails, Clay, specific gravity, per foot cube, 135 lbs. 17 feet cube, one ton. Stourbridge, for furnace-work. ditto, per bushel of 112 lbs. weight 7 6 ditto, ditto ground - do. 5 Clinkers, Dutch paving per thousand 3 18 144 will pave one square yard. is 6 inches long, IJ thick, and 2f inches deep, for paving. See Bricklayer, 133 £ s. d. Closet, water, pan ditto, with basin, cistern. , and valve - each 6 6 • ditto ditto, next size do. 8 8 ditto, 3 inch patent ditto do. 10 10 ditto, 3i ditto, ditto do. 12 12 Duplicates ol ■ parts if sent intc ) the country. 2 feet of inch pipe and joint - 6 6 Service box complete - 1 1 Air trap - - 1 15 Wood work. See Cavpenter and Joiner. Cloths. Bolting, newly invented, without seam, for dressing flour. No. 1. ^ each 12 2. _ . do. 13 3. . do. 14 4. ^ . do. 15 5. . do. 16 6. - . do. 17 7. . do. 19 8. . . do. 1 9. . do. 1 1 10. . . do. 1 2 11. - do. 1 3 12. . . do. 1 4 13. . do. 1 6 14. - . do. 1 8 15. . do. 1 10 16. . . do. 1 12 17. - do. 1 14 18. . . do. 1 16 19. . do. 1 18 20. - _ do. 2 Clove. Seven pounds of wool make a clove. In Essex, eight pounds of cheese and but- ter go to a clove. 134 '£ Clough, or draught, among traders, an allowance of two pounds to every 3 cwt. for the turn of the scale. Clout nails. &ee Nails, Coach. See Carriages. Cost of his late Majesty's state coach in 1762 : Coach maker 1673 15 Carver - 2500 Gilder - - 933 14 Painter - 315 Laceman - - 733 10 7 Chaser - 665 4 6 Harness maker 385 15 Mercer - - 202 5 10 Bit maker - 99 6 6 Milliner - - 30 3 4 Saddler - 10 16 6 Woollen draper 4 3 6 Cover maker - - 3 9 6 7557 4 3 Coal, sea, specific gravity, per foot cube, 50 lbs. 60 cube feet make one chaldron. Weio'ht of a bushel, about 80 lbs. ditto of a sack, about 240 lbs. ditto of a chaldron, about 2880 lbs. or one ton, seven hundred, three quarters, and twelve pounds. Per chaldron - - 2 10 A bushel measure filled and heaped up in the form of a cone, agreeably to Act of Parliament, measures 2690 solid inches. A bushel striked is to a bushel heaped, as 4 is to 5 135 £ s. dt Coal Tar. Wholesale price for a ton weight, per gallon 4 Paint. See Paint. Coco, wood, specific gravity, 05 lbs. per foot cube. Cockle, for hatters, &c. - - per cwt. 10 Cocks, for water- works. 8 inch - - 15 15 6 inch - - - 10 5 4 inch * 5 15 2| inch - - ^400 Brass. COMMON. PATENT, with screws, to take to pieces to clean and oil. size. Plain. Lock. Plain. Lock. iuch. i t i It I2 If H 14 2 2i £ 8. d. 10 1 1 1 4 1 8 2 2 5 2 11 3 8 4 6 5 6 6 6 7 10 12 1 £ 8. d. 1 1 1 4 1 7 1 11 2 3 2 8 3 2 3 11 4 9 5 9 6 9 7 9 £ s. d. 14 1 7 1 10 2 2 2 6 2 11 3 5 4 2 5 6 7 8 14 1 7 £ s. d. 1 8 1 11 2 2 2 6 2 10 3 3 3 9 4 6 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 136 Cocks, brass, for water-works. Square shanked. d. COMMON. PATENT. with screws to take to pieces and clean. size. Plain Plain. inch. * s. 2 d. 1 £ s. d. 2 7 i 2 10 3 6 f 3 8 4 4 I 4 9 5 7 1 5 6 6 4 u 10 11 6 1* 16 18 Bib. COMMON. PATENT. with screws, to take to pieces and clean. size. Plain. Plain. inch. s. d. 2 £ s. d. 2 6 # 2 10 3 6. f 3 8 4 6 1 4 9 5 7 1 5 6 6 4 U 10 11 6 1* 16 18 Stop. COMMON. PATENT, with screws, to take to pieces and clean. size. Plain. Plain. inch. £ s. d. £ s. d. * 2 1 2 7 2 10 3 6 4 3 8 4 4 I 4 9 5 7^ 1 5 6 6 4 U 10 11 6 u 16 18 13: Cocks. Ball. ball cock and boss each 5 ditto do. 6 3 ditto do. 8 6 10 7 5 4 Coffee Mill. See Mill, Gogs. See Millwrights' Work. Coke. - - per chaldron 1 14 Weight of ditto, llcwt. Iqr. 18 lbs. ditto of a bushel, 1 qr. 14 J lbs. Collars, or washers, inch - per gross J inch, ditto - do. f inch - - do. I and I inch w - do. Cologne, Millstones. See Milhtone. Colour, Mill work. See Millmights' Work. Colouring, Green. A cheap colouring for the walls of rooms in dwelling-houses. Take 4 pounds of Roman vitriol, and pour it in a gallon of boiling water ; when dissolved, add 2 pounds of pearl ash, and stir the mixture well with a stick, until the effervescence ceases, then add a quarter of a pound of pulverized yel- low arsenic, and stir the whole toge- ther ; let it be laid on with a paint or white-wash brush, and if the wall has not been painted before, two, or even three coats will be requisite. If a pea- green is required, put in less ; and if an apple-green, more of the yellow arsenic. Wall. See Plasterer. Column, cast iron, plain - - per cwt. ditto, with molded cap and base do. ditto, ditto, and reeded shaft - do. ditto, ditto, and fluted shaft - do. ditto, ditto, ditto, with Ionic or Corin- thian caps, &c. - - do. 2 2 18 1 1 1 8 1 10 138 £ s, d. Column, cast iron. The above prices include the expense of the pattern, which the founder must provide from the drawing given ; but, if a quantity should be required, an allowance should be made in propor- tion. Commission, Auctioneer. See Auctioneer. Compasses, beam, 8 inch - per pair 3 9 10 inch - - do. 4 9 12 inch - do. 5 9 sweep, 14 inch - - do. 3 15 inch - do. 3 6 16 inch - - do. 4 Composition, for wood-work of roofs to buildings, &c. Take one gallon of tar, add to which one pint of linseed oil, with a handful of salt, the whole to be well mixed and simmered together, when it will be fit for use. Cone, to find the solid contents of, multiply the area of the base by a third of the per- pendicular height, and the product is the solid content. CoNGius, a liquid measure of the ancient Romans, containing the eighth part of the am- phora, or the fourth of the urna, or six sextarii. The Congius, in English measure, con- tains 207-0676 solid inches, that is, seven pints, 4 942 solid inches. f Container, of cast iron, a box which holds the steel step, and is filled with oil, for the capoose of shaft. See Capoose. each 4 Patent ditto, for the patent stop and capoose. See Stop and Capoose, each 7 6 139 £ «. d. Cooler, cast iron, fitted together ..omplete, per foot super. 9 Coomb, or comb of corn, a dry measure con- taining four bushels, or half a quarter. Coping, Bath stone, for 9 inch work, per ft. running 10 Brick. See Bricklayer. Stone. See Mason. Copper, specific gravity per ft. cube, 562J lbs. thickness. pel r foot superficial 1. inch. weight. 1 - - 3 lbs. h - 6 i - 12 -1 •• • 18 1 . - 24 s - 30 1 36 i - 42 inch - . 48 copper bolts per lb. 1 sheets - - do. 8 shruff — - do. Covering- -18 ounce covering per ft. sup. 9 16 ounce ditto . do. 7 12 ounce ditto do. 4 Seams, labour, ties, and nails in- cluded, and measured on face when finished. To domes and verandahs, in addition, 2d. to 4d. per foot super See Plumber. Gutters— semi-circular gutters, wired complete, 10 inches girt per foot run. 8 inch ditto - do 6 inch ditto - - do. tinned ditto, from 2d. to 3d. per foot additional. 1 8 1 5 1 1 1 2 8 4* 140 Copper. £ s. d, Guttei*s— spike and screw brackets, pre- pared with copper slips each. Is. to 1 6 Time fixing gutters, extra. Plate - - per lb. Smith, per day, when out at work Cord, scaffold . - - per lb. of wood, a certain quantity of wood for burning, so called because formerly measured with a cord. The dimensions of a statute cord of wood are 8 feet long, 4 feet high, and 4 feet broad, and contains 128 feet cube. Cork, specific gravity, per foot cube, 15 lbs. 134 feet cube, one ton. Corking Machine. See Machine. Corn Mill. See Mill. Corn Mill work. See Millwrights^ Work. CoRUS.— Omer, Homer, or Chomer, in Jewish antiquity, a measure containing 10 baths, or 75 gallons and 5 pints, as a measure for things liquid, and 32 pecks and 1 pint, as a things dry. Coulter, skim or sculp Dutchetts Common plough Covering, paper. For roofs. Mix one gallon of tar with two gallons of train oil, dip the sheathing paper in the liquid when boiling hot ; tack the same on the roof, and pay it over after ; let the part the paper touches of the roof be tarred also. Cowl. Chimney 10 inch - each 11 inch - - do. 12 inch - do. Crab-hoisting. See Engine. mea sure for - each 1 10 . do. 18 - do. 5 6 6 7 8 14: Cramp, for carpenters, chair and cabinet makers, of wrought iron, with screw, &c. 3 feet long, 2J by J inch 3 feet 6 ditto, ditto 4 feet ditto, ditto 4 feet 6 inch ditto, ditto 5 feet ditto, ditto 5 feet 6 inch ditto, ditto 6 feet ditto, ditto for stone work, &c. Crane, copper, or siphon, one inch diameter, with draw pipe and cock each For docks, wharfs, warehouses, &c. A crane for lifting one ton, consisting of fast and slow motions, break wheel, lever, &c. cast iron post and jib, with friction rollers, &c. com- plete, fixing not included, nor the chain ditto, for 2 tons ditto, ditta ditto, for 4 tons ditto, ditto ditto, 3 motions, for 6 tons, ditto ditto, ditto, for 8 tons, ditto ditto, ditto, for 10 tons, ditto Portable, for hoisting weights, &c. A crane to lift from 1 ton to IJ tons, the iron work only, post and jib in wood ditto, ditto, all iron Crank Engine, of cast iron - Lathe, single thro wed, of wrought iron with turned bearinjjs £ 5. d. each 1 6 do. 1 7 do. 1 8 do. 1 9 do. 1 11 do. 1 13 do. 1 15 per lb. 3i 1 5 each 100 do. 150 do. 250 do. 350 do. 450 do. 550 ditto, ditto, double ditto Crib, cow Crocus, for iron cement. See Cement. Crow bar. See Bar. Crown glass. See Glass. each 60 do. 100 per cwt. 1 8 iron per lb. 1 3 do. 2 3 each 4 per lb. 2 142 Crucible 2, Dutch black lei ad, No. 20. each No. 30. do. No. 40. do. No. 50. do. No. 60. do. No. 70. do. No. 80. do. Stourbridge. No. 1. do. No. 2. do. No. 3. do. No. 4. do. No. 5. do. s, fruit, from 18s. to each 3 Cube. A cube is a square solid, comprehended under six geometrical squares, being in the form of a die. To find the solid content, multiply the side of the cube into itself, and that product again by the side ; the last product will be the solidity, or solid content of the cube. A cube foot will contain 6 gallons and one pint of water, whiclT will weigh 62i lbs. Cubit, common, a measure of 18 inches, geometrical, 3 yards great or sanctuary, 1 yard. King's, 21 inches. In the measuration of the ancients, a long measure, equal to the length of a man's arm, from the elbow to the top of the fingers. The English cubit is equal to 18 inches ; the Roman cubit equal to 1 foot 5*406 inches ; and the cubit of the Scripture equal to 1 foot 9888 inches. 143 £ s. d. Cucumber frame. See Frame. • CuLEUs, in antiquity, the largest measure of capacity for things liquid, equal to 20 amphor89 or 40 uma?. It con- tained 143 gallons 3 pints English wine measure, or 11,095 solid inches. Cultivator, with 7 irons and 3 wheels each 7 17 G ditto, 9 ditto, and 4 ditto do. 12 12 Curb, Moor stone. See Pavers^ WorJc. York, See Ditto. Curricle. See Carriages. < Cushions, seat of moreen, from Is. 6d. to per foot 3 6 Cutlass blades, W. R. extra strong, 27 inches long, and IJ inches broad each 17 ditto, lighter - - do. 1 6 ditto, 26 inches long - do. 1 5 ditto, 24 inches do. - do. 1 4|- ditto, 22 inches do. - do. 14 Cutlasses, with strong iron hilts, and 27 in- ches long, W. R. blades do. 2 6 ditto, with scabbards - do. 6 6 Cyathus, in Roman antiquity, a liquid measure containing 4 ligulas, or half a pint English wine measure, being 469| solid inches. Cyder press. See Press. Cylinder Engine, cast iron - per cwt. 18 Boring out the chamber for the piston, per inch super. IJ Diameter of a cylinder for a steam en- gine of 4 horses power, 10 inches. 6 do. 13 do. 8 do. 16 do. 10 do. 17 do. 12 do. 18 do. 14 do. 19 do. 16 do. 21 do. 144 Cylinder. Diameter of a cylinder for a steam en- gine of 18 horses power, 22 inches. £ s. 20 do. 24 do. 25 do. 261 do. 30 do. 28 do. 35 do. 30 do. 40 do. 32 do. According to the situation of the engine, some variations from the above dia- meters might take place ; but, upon the whole, they are those most in use, and will show, by taking the diameter of the cylinder, the power of the engine. For the proportionate size of the steam- pipe to the cylinder. See Pipe. Cylinder. A cylinder is a round solid, having its bases circular, equal, and parallel. To find the solid content, multiply the area of the base by the length, and the product is the solid content. Cypress, Spanish, specific gravity, 40 J lbs. per foot cube. D. Daker, or Dicker, a number of 10 hides. Damper, cast iron, with a wrought iron handle, in a top and bottom frame. Heavy - - per cwt. 1 1 Light - - - do. 1 4 patterns included. Damsel, Corn Mill. See Corn MillworJc. Day. The day for Builders, Millwrights, is 10 hours. Ditto Smiths, Engineers, Founders, lOi hours. 145 Deals, per hundred, (or 120 in number), delivered. d. 14 feet 3 inch yellow gefle 50 ditto ditto, white ditto - 48 12 feet 3 inch yellow best - 48 ditto ditto white ditto 46 ditto ditto yellow seconds 40 ditto ditto white ditto . 38 thickness. 1 10 feet. LENGTHS. 12 feet. 1 14 feet. running. superficial. inches. 3 s. d. 6 8 s. 8 d. s. d. 9 4 s. d. 8 8. d. 11 2i 5 10 7 8 2 7 9J 2J 5 3 6 4 7 4 6i 8J 2 4 7 5 6 6 5 5i 7J . If 3 11 4 8 5 6 4| 6J U 3 5 4 2 4 10 4-J 5i u 2 11 3 6 4 1 31 4i 1 2 5 2 11 3 4 3 4 1 1 11 2 4 2 9 2-1 3 1 1 5 1 8 2 If 2| The above are calculated at £48 per hundred, and 4d. per cut for sawing. 120 12 feet 2^ inch deals, 9 inches wide, are equal to 4|^ loads of timber; each deal containing one foot lOJ inches cube. l20 12 feet 3 inch deals, 9 inches wide, are equal to 5 and fths loads of tim- ber; each deal containing 2 feet 3 inches cube. 35 12 feet 2h deals, will weigh one ton. Deals. 140 A ready method of finding, by the price per hundred, the cost of each deal : suppose £25 per hundred, multiply by 2, and divide by 12 ; for instance, 25 2 s, d. 12)50 4s. 2d. for each deal at £25 per hundred ; again, if 4s. 2d. per deal, how much per hundred; multiply by 12, and divide by 2, as 4 : 2 12 2)50 : £25 per hundred. ^In the above methods the cyphers at- taching to the 20, and 120, are dis- pensed with. Degree, a land measure of 60 miles. 360th part of a circle. Dextans, in Roman antiquity, ten ounces, or li of their libra. Dial, sun, 12 inch, 2 minute - each 3 9 12 inch, 5 minute - - do. 2 2 Diamond. The usual method of calculating the value of diamonds is by squaring the number of carats, and then multiply- ing the amount by the price of a single carat ; thus, supposing one carat to be worth £2, a diamond of 8 carats is worth £128, being 8x8x2. A carat is 4 grains, 147 d. 6 8 1 1 Diamond. Polished diamonds without blemish, are worth about - per carat 6 Small pieces of diamond, of which diamond powder is made do. 18 Dies. See Taps and Dies. Digging, ground. Digging and throwing out common soil, not exceeding 6 feet in depth - per yard cube ditto in stiff clay, or gravel do. ditto to trenches, including level- ling, filling in, and ramming, to foundations - do. basketing out extra - do. wheeling out, not exceeding 20 yards on level ground - per foot cube 2 ditto above 20 yards, and not exceeding 40 - do. 4 ditto above 40 ditto, ditto 60 do. 6 wheeling out, if up hill, not ex- ceeding 15 yards - do. 2 ditto, above 15, and not exceed- ing 30 do. - do. 4 ditto, above 30, ditto 45 do. 6 ditto, above 45, ditto 60 do. 8 carting away not exceeding h a mile, per yard cube 3 ditto not exceeding 1 mile do. 4 Well. Digging and steening 3 feet 6in. diameter, in clear of brickwork ; for any depth not exceeding 30 feet per foot deep ditto from 30 to 50 feet do. ditto from 50 to 70 feet . - do. ditto 4 ft. diameter, for any depth not exceeding 30 feet do. ditto from 30 to 50 feet - do. ditto from 50 to 70 feet - do. 3 3 4 3 5 3 4 5 6 148 Digging. £ s. d Well. Digging and steening 4 feet 6 inches diameter, in clear of brick- work, for any depth not exceeding 30 feet - per foot deep 4 6 ditto from 30 to 50 feet deep do. 5 6 ditto from 50 to 70 ditto do. 6 6 And for every additional 20 feet in depth - add per foot 10 The bricks used in steening, to be charged in addition to the foregoing prices. For the capacity of wells, according to their respective diameters, See Well. 27 cube feet 1 cube yard, or single load. 54 ditto 2 ditto, or double load. Dish. Among miners denotes a wooden measure, wherein they are obliged to measure their ore ; it is kept by the bar mas- ter, and contains about 672 solid i inches. District Surveyors, list of. See Surveyors. Dog Stones. See Millstone, Dogs, wrought iron - - per lb. 6 Doors cast iron, in frame of the same, hung, and the fixing complete per ft. super. 10 For the above price the door must not be less than half an inch thick, with pannelled front ; the lock, boxing in, and fixing ditto, will be an extra charge, as, in some instances a patent lock* will be preferred to a common one. Machinery for suspending. ASi^e Ma- chinery. * There are several patents equally good in their respective qualities, but some much less expensive than others. 149 £ s, d. Doors. Wrought iron, as directed by the Act of Parliament. - per lb. 10 Wood. See Carpe9iier and Joiner. As advertised. IJ inch 2 pannel doors per ft. sup. 8 IJ ditto 4 ditto - - do. 9 ditto molded one side do. 10 J ditto molded both sides - do. 10 2 inch charged extra - do. 2 DooRSPRiNG. See Spriiig. Dorking Lime. See Lime. DowELLiNG boxes, for Joiners. See Boxes. Dozen. 12 dozen 1 gross. Drag, shoe, of iron, for a carriage - each 15 ditto cart - - do. 18 ditto waggon - do. 1 5 Drain. See Bricklayers' Work. Dram, the sixteenth part of an ounce. Drawings. See Estimates. Dressers, of deal. See Carpenter and Joiner. Drill, broadcast, for grass seed - each expanding, for 1 row - - do. 2 rows - do. 3 rows - - do. 4 rows - do. ditto, to work by hand - do. lever, improved, from £28 to do. Northumberland tvirnip - do. ditto, with hopper, for pulverized manure - - do. ditto, to sow 2 rows - - do. steel, for Millwrights, Engineers, &c. per lb. 16 Drilling Machine. See Machine. Drug Mill. See Mill: Drugget. Darkmixture,l| yards wide per yard 2 4 18 3 3 5 5 7 7 9 9 2 12 6 40 2 12 6 5 15 6 10 150 Drum wheels. See JRigge7's, in Millwrights'* work. Duck. Russia, for windmill sails Dust, cast iron, for cement charcoal, for founders Dutch clinkers. See Clinkers. Duties upon houses. See Houses. ditto windows. See Windoio, Dyers' work. See Millionghts'' work. per yard 1 14 per cwt. 7 do. 7 E. Earth brick, specific gravity, 125 lbs. per ft. cube, common ditto 124 lbs. do. 18 feet cube, one ton. Ebony wood, American, specific gravity, 83 lbs. per foot cube. Indian ditto, 75J lbs. ditto ditto ditto - - per lb. 5 Elder tree, specific gravity, 43 lbs. per foot cube. Ell. a measure of length, different in different countries; but the English ell is chiefly used in this country, which is equal to five quarters, or to a yard and quarter. In Scotland, the ell contains 37 fo English inches. Elm timber, specific gravity, 42 lbs. per foot cube. 48 feet cube, 1 ton. per foot cube - - - per load of 50 feet - - - i inch plank - per foot super, f ditto - - do. inch - - - do. li ditto - - do. IJ ditto - - - do. 3 7 10 2 3 4 5 6 151 Elm. 2 inch plank - per foot i super. n 2i ditto - - do. 9 3 ditto - - do. lOi 4 ditto - - do. 1 Emery. - . . percwt. 1 12 paper - - - per quire 1 8 Engine, Wheeler's boxing, common each 2 ditto, consisting of 2 pronged irons. screw rod, metal ball and socket, including 8 cutters each 16 16 Cane top cutting for West Indies. small size - - . do. 6 6 large improved do. 14 14 for a spare knife do. 12 for one horse, will cut 150 bushels per hour do. 52 10 chafFcutting do. 14 14 common sort do. 1 15 Crab, for hoisting weights, single, in an iron frame do. 14 14 double ditto, ditto do. 18 18 Extinguishing, or fire. first size, for 2 men do. 42 second ditto 4 do. do. 50 third ditto 6 do. do. 58 fourth ditto 8do. - do. 68 fifth ditto 10 do. do. 78 sixth ditto 12 do. do. 88 Garden, first with suction pipe and cock do. 14 14 ditto, ditto, with cock only do. 12 12 second ditto, ditto do. 11 11 third ditto, ditto do. 10 10 fourth ditto do. 9 9 fifth ditto do. 8 8 Ship, from £13 13s. to do. 25 152 iiNGINE. £ s d Steam, with beam upon Bolton & Watts' principle, 2 horses power each 250 4 ditto do. 410 6 ditto - do. 570 8 ditto do. 730 10 ditto - do. 890 12 ditto do. 1050 14 ditto - do. 1150 16 ditto do. 1250 18 ditto - do. 1350 20 ditto do. 1450 25 ditto - do. 1900 30 ditto do. 2300 35 ditto - do. 2650 40 ditto do. 2900 45 ditto - do» 3150 50 ditto do. 3350 55 ditto . do. 3550 60 ditto do. 3700 Steam, for a ballast machine. 6 horses power. with duplicates and use- ful tools, such as are sent abroad. The boiler of an enlarged size for burnir 12: wood, or a mixture with coal, its flue and fire-place internal, and an iron chimney ; also, a pump for taking up bilge water - each 875 The duplicates, &c. with the flue boiler, instead of one of brickwork, costs £290 from the foregoing amount. One of the largest steam engines, (and probably the most powerful one,) in the world, lately commenced working at Colonel Braddyll's new colliery at South Hetton, near Durham. This stupendous machine has been erected for the purpose of pumping water iO'6 Engine, Steam. from a depth of ^G feet. The dia- meter of its cylinder is 84 inches, length of stroke in cylinder nearly 10} feet, ditto in pumps nearly 8h feet, diameter of pumps 18J inches, and when worked at ordinary speed, it will throw up from 55,000 to 60,000 gallons of water per hour. Its power is rated at that of 240 horses, but is capable of exerting the power of 300 horses in action together. £ s, (L Steam, high pressure. 2 horses power - each 160 4 ditto do. 280 6 ditto - do. 400 8 ditto do. 520 10 ditto • do. 640 12 ditto do. 760 14 ditto - do. 880 16 ditto do. 1000 18 ditto - do. 1120 20 ditto do. 1240 25 ditto - do. 1540 30 ditto do. 1840 35 ditto - do. 2100 40 ditto do. 2400 45 ditto - do. 2700 50 ditto do. 3000 55 ditto - do. 3300 60 ditto do. 3600 The consumption qf fuel for the latter 60 horse engine, is about 130 bushels ; or, 35,4901bs. of ordinary wood in 24 Hours; will raise 110 gallons of water 1500 feet deep in one minute, if used for that purpose. u 154 Engine. horse wheel, steam engine. or driving each do. do. knives to cut 17f box ditto 15J ditto A cast iron pan to dry all tliree boxes, exclusive of stove, &c. do. Engineer, scientific charges, per day - Verbal opinion on a mechanical subject - - do. Opinion respecting a mechanical subject, plan, or scheme, and reporting thereon - do. Visitation of a manufactory or other es- tablishment in London, to examine apparatus or suggest improvements, &c. - - per day Conferring with any committee, public meeting, or attendance on any court in London - - per day Attending from London on any gentle- man or public company, on any mechanical business whatever, and reporting thereon, exclusive of ex- penses - - per day Estimating the cost of any proposed un- dertaking or improvement, 5 per cent, on the amount. Ditto when the amount exceeds £100, 2} per cent, 2 19 7 d. Tobacco, to work with a circular motion, which will cut a box of tobacco, 17| inches outside, to be worked by two men - - each 110 A ditto, to be worked by one man, to cut a box 15J inches - each 95 A ditto to be worked by a horse or steam engine, to cut a box 17 J inches, with wood frame to ditto, exclusive of 1 1 5 3 3 155 Epha, or Ephah, in Jewish antiquity, a measure for things dry, containing 1*0961 of a bushel. Estimates of machinery, ouildings, &c. Under the amount of £100, charge 3} per cent. from 100 to 200, charge 2 J per cent. from 200 to 300 - 2 per cent. from 300 to 500 - U per cent. above 500 - 1 per cent. Ditto, and drawings, under the amount of £100, 7| per cent. from 100 to 200, charge 5 ditto. from 200 to 300 from 300 to 500 above 500 Extirpator, with 9 irons ditto, fitted up with wheels (L 4i ditto. 3i ditto. 2i ditto. eacn 7 7 s do. 9 9 Faggot of steel, 120 lbs. weight Fall, hempen, for pulley blocks^ &c per lb. 1 2 Farriers' tools, one set with rasps, files, &c. complete - - 4 4 Fat, perhaps properly vat, (vas or vessel,) denotes likewise an uncertain measure of ca- pacity. Thus a fat of isinglass con- tains from 3j cwt. to 4 cwt. ; a fat of unbound books, half a maund, or 4 bales ; of wire, from 20 to 25 cwt. ; and of yarn, from 220 to 221 bundles. Fathom of fire wood, contains in length six feet, width three feet, and deptli three feet ; being a solid of 54 feet, long measure, containing six feet. 156 Feathers, bed. Best white goose, part down, per lb Goose Good white goose Best grey goose Common grey goose Poultry Turkey Fence, garden, light, of wrought iron, per foot run. Light for cattle, with cast iron standards - - do. ditto sheep - , - do. Upright bar fence, fixed with spear point, 3 feet 6 inches high do. ditto, gothic pattern - do. ditto, with dog bars - - do. dwarf for walls - - do. Invisible strained wire fence do. Fencing, park, with cast iron uprights per yard of deal and oak. See Carpenter 8^ Joiner, £ 5. d. erlb. 3 3 do. 3 do. 2 6 do. 2 do. 1 6 do. 1 1 do. 11 5 2 6 2 3 3 6 3 9 1 8 1 10 IS Ferrules, brass, for water pipes. Size. Common. Circulor. Angular. loch. £ s. d. £ s d. £ s. d. i 1 1 2 1 2 t 1 2 1 4 1 4 t 1 4 1 6 1 6 1 2 9 3 3 1} 4 6 4 9 4 9 U 7 7 6 7 6 Filbert tree, specific gravity, per foot cube, 371 lbs. 157 Files, best steel Clock. Cross - 6 inch Half round 6 inch Pottance - 6 inch Ditto - 4 inch Pinion Round off - Ditto with points Swing wheel and pivot Nicking Equalling Round edge barrel Dentist, Bastard. Smooth. ' per doz. per doz. 8. d. 8. d. 7 9 6 8 6 8 3 6 5 3 4 3 4 3 6 4 3 4 3 3 9 3 6 4 3 6 4 3 4 Equalling, Slitting Pinion, Frame Saw. Pit Saw, Tumbler, Cant and Crossing. Qastard. Second Cut. Smooth. pet ' dozen. | per dozen. per dozen. inches. £ s. d. £ 8. d. £ 8. d. 3i 3 3 6 4 4 3 3 4 4 9 ^ 3 9 4 6 5 3 5 4 2 5 5 9 5i 4 8 5 6 6 3 6 5 2 6 7 6J 6 7 8 7 6 8 7 8 9 2 n 7 6 8 8 10 3 8 8 3 9 9 11 8 81 9 10 9 13 9 9 6 11 6 14 10 11 6 13 9 16 11 14 17 1 6 12 16 6 ] 1 4 6 13 1 1 1 5 6 1 10 14 1 5 6 1 11 6 1 19 158 Files, best steel. Flat, Half-round, Round, Four square. Entering. Ruff Second Cut. Smooth and .1M' and Bastard. and Cab. J P"iles. Cabin Rasps. per dozen. per dozen. per dozen. iaches. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. 1 to4 2 4 2 10 3 6 4J 2 6 3 1 3 10 5 2 8 3 4 4 2 5i 3 3 7 4 4 6 3 2 3 10 4 8 6J 3 8 4 4 5 2 7 4 2 4 10 5 8 7J 4 8 5 4 6 4 8 5 2 5 10 7 Si 6 7 8 2 9 6 8 7 8 9 2 9J 7 6 8 8 10 3 10 8 3 9 9 11 8 m 9 10 9 13 11 9 6 11 6 14 lU 10 6 12 6 15 12 11 6 13 9 16 12J 12 9 15 18 13 14 17 1 6 m 15 6 18 6 1 2 6 14 16 6 1 1 4 6 14i 19 1 3 1 7 6 15^ 1 1 1 5 6 1 10 16 1 5 6 1 11 6 1 19 17 1 11 1 18 6 2 8 18 1 16 2 5 2 16 19 2 2 2 12 3 4 20 2 8 2 18 3 12 21 2 15 3 5 3 18 22 3 2 3 12 4 5 23 3 10 4 4 12 24 3 18 4 8 5 159 Files, best steel. Hand, Pillar, Needle, Arch, Knif'o, Round off, Flat-back, Half-rouiid_, Hand-saw, Rifler, Sinking Round, Joint. £ s. d. inches. 1 to3i RuflF and Bastard. Second Cut. Smooth. per dozen. £ s. d. 2 4 pei £ dozen. 8. d. 2 10 per dozen £ 8. d. 3 6 4 2 6 3 1 3 10 4* 2 10 3 4 4 2 5 3 3 7 4 4 5J 3 4 4 4 10 51 3 8 4 4 5 2 5} 3 11 4 7 5 5 6 4 2 4 10 5 8 6* 4 8 5 4 6 4 7 5 2 5 10 7 7i 6 7 8 2 8 6 8 7 8 9 2 9 8 3 9 9 11 8 10 9 6 11 6 14 11 11 6 13 9 16 12 14 17 1 6 13 16 6 1 1 4 6 14 1 1 1 5 6 1 10 15 1 5 6 1 11 6 1 19 16 1 11 1 18 6 2 8 Round off with points, 6d. per dozen extra. Strong, flat, and half-round ruff per lb. Oil ditto, second cut - do. 1 4 ditto, smooth - - do. 1 6 Strong three-square, Id. per lb. more than flat. 160 Files, best stee). Pin. Inches 12 Bastard. Sniootu. 1 per dozea £ s. d. 1 2 1 12 13 1 8 1 18 14 1 14 2 4 15 2 2 10 16 2 6 2 15 17 2 12 3 18 2 18 3 5 Saw. Blunts Tapers Frame and Pit Float Cut. Float Cut Float Cut. per dozen. per dozen. per dozen. inches. JB 8. d. £ s d. £ 8. d. 1 to 3 2 9 2 9 3 3 ^ 3 2 9 3 6 4 3 4 3 3 9 4i 3 8 3 2 4 4} 4 3 4 4 2 4| 4 4 3 8 4 6 .5 .0 4 8 4 4 9 5k 5 4 4 5 5\ 5 6 4 8 5 3 6 6 5 3 6 6J 7 5 9 7 7 8 6 3 8 7^ 9 7 3 9 8 10 8 3 10 Ifdoublocut,2d per dozen extra. If(ecut.3d. per dozen extra. 161 Files, best steel. Three-square Taper. Ruff n Second Cut. 1 Smooth. and Bastard. 1 per dozen. per dozen per dozen. inches. £ 8. d. £ B. d. £ 8. d. lto4 2 4 2 10 3 6 4J 2 6 3 1 3 10 5 2 8 3 4 4 2 5i 3 3 7 4 4 6 3 2 3 10 4 8 6J 3 8 4 4 5 2 7 4 2 4 10 5 8 n 4 8 5 4 6 4 8 5 3 6 7 3 Si 6 7 8 3 9 7 8 9 3 9J 7 9 9 10 3 10 8 6 10 11 9 10| 9 3 11 13 11 10 12 14 Hi 11 13 15 6 12 12 14 16 6 12i 13 6 15 6 18 6 13 15 17 6 1 1 m 16 6 19 6 1 3 6 14 17 6 1 1 1 5 6 14J 1 1 4 1 8 6 15 1 2 6 1 7 , 1 11 6 16 1 7 1 13 6 2 1 17 1 13 2 1 2 10 18 1 18 2 7 2 19 19 2 4 2 14 3 8 20 2 10 3 3 16 21 2 17 3 7 4 22 3 4 3 14 4 7 23 3 13 4 3 4 15 24 4 1 4 11 5 3 \&i Files, best steel. Watch work Double-ended Pivot Single ditto Dovetail Pillar Cross - - - Pivot and Verge - Piercing and screw head Half round - Round and square Three square Nicking and equalling - Barrel hole and round off - Ridge back dovetail Flat ditto - Banking and balance wheel Boxbottoming Halbertfile - Round joints Round edge joints Counter wheel arbor Oval dial - - - - Balance cross Balance round off Endless screw Knife ... Shouldering pivot Hollow edge equalling ; Bastard. Smooth. per doz. per doz. 8. d. s. d. 7 9 3 6 4 6 3 6 4 6 3 4 4 5 3 3 9 3 3 9 3 4 3 3 9 3 3 9 3 3 9 3 3 9 3 3 9 3 3 9 3 3 9 4 6 5 4 6 5 3 4 3 3 9 3 3 9 3 4 4 8 7 3 3 9 3 3 9 4 4 6 3 3 9 4 6 All cast steel files nine inches and up- wards, rulF, bastard, second cut, and smooth, one third more than the common steel price per dozen. For rubbers. See Ruhhei's. For rasps. See Rasps. 163 £ *. d. Files, >)est steel. Ground or stripped, and recut only. Rubbers - - per lb. 3 Small files - - do. 6 14 inch - - do. 9 15 inch - - do. 11 16 inch - - do. 17 inch - - do. 2 18 inch - - do. 4 Large smooths - do. 6 Small ditto - - do. Fi LISTER planes. See Planes. Filtering machine. See Machine. Filters, portable, in earthenware, 2 gallon size, purifying 12 gals, per day - - each 1 5 3 do, do. 18 do. do. 1 10 6 do. ornamented 40 do. do. 2 2 9 do. do. m do. do. 2 15 12 do. do. 95 do. do. 3 15 Fingers' breadth, a measure of 2 barleycorns in length, or four laid side to side. Fir timber, specific gravity per foot cube, 35 lbs. 64 cube feet one ton. 50 cube feet one load. Memel - - per load American pine - - do. The following will shew what length of timber of any scantling, will make a cube foot, from 2 inches to 12 inches square. feet inches 2 by 2 will require 6 10 4 10 2 by 2 by 2 by 2 by 2by 2J 3 3J 4 ditto ditto ditto ditto ditto feet inches. 36 long. 9 do. do. 7 do. do. do. 28 24 20 18 16 164 Fir, timber. feet inches feet inches 2 by 5 will require 14 5 long, 2 by 5i ditto 13 1 do. 2 by 6 ditto 12 do. 2 by 6J ditto 11 1 do. 2 by 7 ditto 10 3 do. 2 by n ditto 9 7 do. 2 by 8 ditto 9 do. 2 by 8J ditto 8 6 do. 2 by 9 ditto 8 do. 2 by 9i ditto 7 7 do. 2 by 10 ditto 7 3 do. 2 by lOJ ditto 6 10 do. 2 by 11 ditto 6 6 do. 2 by Hi ditto 6 4 do. 2 by 12 ditto 6 do. 3 by 3 ditto 16 do. 3 by 3J ditto 13 8 do. 3 by 4 ditto 12 do. 3by 4} ditto 10 8 do. 3 by 5 ditto 9 7 do. 3 by 5i ditto 9 do. 3 by 6 ditto 8 do. 3 by 6J ditto 7 4 do. 3 by 7 ditto 6 10 do. 3 by n ditto 6 4 do. 3 by 8 ditto 6 do. 3 by 8J ditto 5 8 do. 3 by 9 ditto 5 4 do. 3 by 9J ditto 5 do. 3 by 10 ditto 4 10 do. 3 by lOJ ditto 4 6 do. 3 by 11 ditto 4 4 do. 3 by Hi ditto 4 2 do. 3 by 12 ditto 4 do. 165 FiR^ timber. feet inches feet inches 4 by 4 will require 9 long. 4 by 4^ ditto 8 do. 4 by 5 ditto 7 2 do. 4 by 5J ditto 6 6 do. 4 by 6 ditto 6 do. 4 by 6i ditto 5 6 do. 4 by 7 ditto 5 1 do. 4 by n ditto 4 9 do. 4 by 8 ditto 4 6 do. 4 by Si ditto 4 3 do. 4 by 9 ditto 4 do. 4 by 9i ditto 3 9 do. 4 by 10 ditto 3 7 do. 4 by lOJ ditto 3 5 do. 4 by 11 ditto 3 3 do. 4 by Hi ditto 3 2 do. 4 by 12 ~ ditto 3 do. 5 by 5 ditto 5 9 do. 5 by 5i ditto 5 3 do. 5 by 6 ditto 4 10 do. 5 by 6J ditto 4 5 do. 5 by 7 ditto 4 1 do. 5 by 7i ditto 3 10 do. •5 by 8 ditto 3 7 do. 5 by 8i ditto 3 5 do. 5 by 9 ditto 3 2 do. 5 by 91 ditto 3 do. 5 by 10 ditto 2 10 do. 5 by lOJ ditto 2 9 do. 5 by 11 ditto 2 8 do. 5by UJ ditto 2 6 do. 5 by 12 ditto 2 4 do. 166 Fir, timber. feet inches feet inches. 6 by 6 will require 4 Olong. 6 by 6J ditto 3 8 do. 6 by 7 ditto 3 5 do. 6 by 7i ditto 3 2 do. 6 by 8 ditto 3 do. 6 by 8J ditto 2 10 do. 6 by 9 ditto 2 8 do. 6by 9J ditto 2 6 do. 6 by 10 ditto 2 5 do. 6 by IQi ditto 2 3 do. 6 by 11 ditto 2 2 do. 6 by lU ditto 2 1 do. 6 by 12 ditto 2 do. 7 by 7 ditto 2 11 do. 7 by 7 J ditto 2 9 do. 7 by 8 ditto 2 6 do. 7 by 8^ ditto 2 5 do. 7 by 9 ditto 2 3 do. 7 by 9h ditto 2 2 do. 7 by 10 ditto 2 1 do. 7 by lOJ ditto 1 11 do. 7 by 11 ditto 1 10 do. 7 by m ditto 1 9 do. 7 by 12 ditto 1 8 do. 8 by 8 ditto 2 3 do. 8 by 8i ditto 2 1 do. 8 by 9 ditto 2 do. 8 by 9i ditto 1 10 do. 8 by 10 ditto 1 9 do. 8 by m ditto 1 8 do. 8 by 11 ditto 1 7 do. 8 by in ditto 1 7 do. 8 by 12 ditto 1 6 do. 167 Fm, timber. £ s. d. feet inches. feet inches. , 9 by 9 will require 9 long. 9 by 9| ditto 8 do. 9 by 10 ditto 7 do. 9 by lOJ ditto 6 do. 9 by 11 ditto 5 do. 9. by llj ditto 4 do. 9 by 12 ditto 4 do. 10 by 10 ditto 5 do. :o by 101 ditto 4 do. 10 by 11 ditto 4 do. 10 by 111 ditto 3 do. 10 by 12 ditto 2 do. 11 by 11 ditto 2 do. 11 by 111 ditto 2 do. 11 by 12 ditto 1 do. 12 by 12 ditto Fire Engine. See Engine. 1 do. Fire Works. Large size sky rockets 2d ditto 3d ditto 4th ditto 5th ditto . 6th ditto J lb. line rocket 2 ounce ditto 1 ounce ditto I lb. water rocket J lb. ditto ditto Gold flower pots ditto ditto ditto ditto each - do. do. da do. do. . do. do. do. - do. - do. per doz. do. do. 7 6 5 2 6 01 1 6 9 6 2 6 1 2 1 12 6 4 168 £ s, d. RE Works. Golden Jurbs - ' - , each 1 ditto do. 6 Large sized Roman candles do. 3 2d ditto do. 2 3d ditto - - do. 1 4tli ditto do. 6 Pyramids of ditto - do. 3 6 Mine or pots aigrettes do. 10 6 ditto with Bengal light . do. 6 ditto ditto " do. 3 ditto ditto do. 2 ditto ditto - . do. 1 Brilliant suns^ with reports - do. 8 ditto ditto do. 4 Water floats do. 1 4 Serpents per gross 2 8 ditto do. 1 4 ditto do. 12 ditto do. 6 Horizontal wheel, with Roman candles and mine each 9 ditto ditto - . do. 6 Frecilona wheel - do. 4 6 Capreci wheel do. 7 6 Vertical wheel, illuminated - do. 6 Smaller ditto do. 2 6 Triangular ditto do. 1 6 Pin wheels per dozen 12 ditto do. 6 ditto do. 4 ditto - . do. 2 ditto do. 1 ditto - - do. 6 Port fires do. 4 ditto - do. 2 ditto do. 1 169 £ s. d. Fire Works, Marroons, to imitate cannons each 2 ditto ditto do. 1 ditto ditto - - do. 6 Blue candles per dozen 6 Bengal lights each 2 6 ditto do. 1 Crackers per dozen 6 ditto - do. 4 ditto do. 2 ditto - do. 1 ditto do. 9 Jack in the box each 3 ditto do. 2 ditto - do. 1 Firkin, an English measure of capacity for things liquid, being the fourth part of the barrel ; it contains 8 gallons of ale. soap, or herrings, and 9 { yallons of beer. A firkin of soap is 64 lbs. A ditto of butter is 5Q lbs. Fir LOT, a dry measure used in Scotland. The oat firlot contains 21 J pints of that country ; the wheat firlot contains about 1211 cubic inches; and the barley firlot 31 standard pints. Hence it appears that the Scotch wheat fir- lot exceeds the English bushel by 33 cubic inches. Flagon, a vessel holding two quarts. Flasks, tin, oil, pints quarts Flax, hempen - - Flooring. See Carpenter and Joiner. Floors, plaster. See Plasterer. Flour Mill. See Mill. Flowerpot stages. See Stages. each 3 - do. 4 per lb. 1 2 170 Fodder, or Fotlier, in mining, a measure con- taining 22| cwt. though in London but 20 cwt. Foot, a long measurCj consisting of 12 inches. A foot square, is the same measure both in breadth and length, contain- ing 144 square or superficial inches. A foot cubic, or solid, is the same measure in all the three dimensions, length, breadth, depth, or thickness, containing 1728 cubic or solid inches. The foot is of different lengths in different countries. The Paris royal foot exceeds the English by 9 lines ; the ancient Roman foot of the capitol consisted of 4 palms, equal to 1 H3 inches English ; Rhine- land, or Leyden, foot, by which the northern nations go, is to the Roman foot as 950 is to 1000. The propor- tions of the principal feet of several nations, compared with the English, are as follow: — The English foot being divided into 1000, or into 12 inches; the other feet will be as follow : parts feet in. lines. London foot - 1000 12 Amsterdam - - 942 11 3 Antwerp - - 946 11 2 Bologna - - 1204 i 2 4 Bremen - - 964 11 6 Cologne - - 954 11 4 Copenhagen - 965 11 6 Dantzic - - 944 11 3 Dort - - 1184 1 2 2 Frankfort on the Maine 948 11 4 The Greek - 1007 1 1 171 Foot. parts feet in. lines. 958 11 4 1569 1 6 8 912 11 991 C 11 9 1068 1 9 1026 1 3 1033 1 4 1831 1 9 9 967 11 6 970 11 8 1005 1 0^ 920 11 899 10 7 1062 1 7 1162 1 1 9 Lortain foot Mantua Mechlin Middleburgh - Paris royal Prague Rhineland, or Loyden 1033 Riga Roman Old Roman Scotch - Strasburg - Toledo - Turin Venice Forge back. See Back. Cherry's patent portable. The room occupied by a smith's forge, and the expenses of construction, have heretofore prevented their being em- ployed in many situations where the occasional use of a forge would be ex- tremely desirable; the before men- tioned removes these objections, viz. the forge, and all the requisite tools, a"e comprised in a case of small dimen- sions, and may be adjusted for work in a few minutes. Country gentlemen . and agriculturists will find it a valuable acquisition, as the forge may be used at home, or, with a supply of materials, may be carried in a common one horse cart, to any place where it may be wanted. The injury arising to hunters and other valuable horses, from expo- Forge. 172 sure while shoeing in a cold shed ; the time that is occupied in sending them to a distance; and the various ill con- sequences that often result from delay, and the attendance of servants at a forge, are too well known to need ex- patiating on ; with cart horses the time thus occupied must either be taken from the usual hours of work, or from those allowed for feeding ; in either case, there is an absolute loss. Be- sides, the smith's work in a country residence, or farmhouse, consists prin- cipally of repairs to-articles that can- not be spared from use without incon- venience, or carried to a distance without difficulty. The advantages of a forge that can be used wherever it may be required, must therefore be evident. In racing establishments, the forge may be used at the stable door, or on the race course. Race horses being peculi- arly liable to injury from exposure, often have their shoes and plates ap- plied without that accurate adjust- ment to the size and shape of the foot, so essentially requisite, but which can- not be obtained unless a forge is on the spot. Ship owners will find it more convenient than any of the forges heretofore in use. A smith's forge, especially in long voyages, is an indispensable article of equipment; but those at present in use are, either in detached parts, liable to be mislaid and lost, whereby the forge may be 173 Forge. rendered incomplete when most wanted ; or are more weighty, bulky, and costly, than the Patent Portable Forge, which, when not in use, occu- pies but little more room than a sea- man's chest, is perfectly complete within itself, and may be set up and used on deck, or landed for that pur- pose. Its adoption into vessels not usually supplied with a forge will save much expense, and prevent most of the delay that is occasioned both in home and in foreign harbours, by waiting the convenience of a native blacksmith at a distant forge. Mer- chants will find it a profitable article for exportation to a foreign market, and especially to infant colonies and settlements. Artizans and mechanics generally, whether working for amuse- ment or profit, will find it convenient to use this forge, in situations too nu- merous to be enumerated. No. 1, with tools complete, will weigh about 2 cwt. 3 qrs. - each No. 2, do. 3cwt. Iqr. - -do. No. 3, do. 4 cwt. - - do. No. 4, do, 5 cwt. - do. Portable, for smiths, capable of forg- ing iron to the size of 2 inches round, or square, the weight 7 cwt. 3 qrs. per cwt. Founder, brass, plain castings - per lb. fine ditto - - do. core ditto - - do. Frail, a basket of raisins, figs, &c. about 75 lbs. d. 21 23 2 25 4 27 6 ] 2 1 8 2 6 3 174 £ s. d. Frame, hand glass or light. of cast iron, 22 inches square each 10 ditto ditto, glazed - do. 10 in nine cants, with copper ribs, and iron rim, glazed complete, size No. 5, 21 inches diameter - each 16 ditto, ditto, all copper - do. 18 Size, No. 6, 24 inches, as before do. 12 ditto ditto, all copper - do. 14 6 Size, No. 7, 28 inches, as before do. 1 10 ditto ditto, all copper - do. 1 13 Cucumber or melon, of cast iron, the usual depth, grooved for lights to slide, framed together; and the lights glazed, complete, per foot super. 7 Melon, of cast iron, 5 feet by 4 feet, glazed, complete - each 8 8 Freight, rates of, to the West Indies. Barrels of beef - - each herrings - - do. gunpowder - do. oil - - per gallon beer(N. B. 6totheton) do. tar and other coarse goods flour - - percwt. Butts and vats, filled per 100 gallons empty - do. Bricks - - per 1000 Boards for heading sugar hogsheads, per 1160 feet Coppers and teaches - per cwt. Cordage - - do. Cheese in any packages - do. 10 8 6 16 7 12 10 4 6 1 4 18 2 4 10 7 3 6 4 m Freight, rates of, to the West Indies. Chairs, (mahogany, walnut-tree, cherry-tree, &c.) per bundle, containing two ditto, common - - each sedan, in cases - - do. Cabinet-ware, in cases, bureaus, draw- ers, desks, &c. uncased per foot Chaises, two-wheeled, with tops each two-wheeled, without tops or kitterings - each Couches, uncased - - do. Coaches, with carriages and wheels do. Chariots, with ditto and ditto do. Carts, with broad wheels - do. with narrow wheels - - do. Cart wheels, broad - - per pair narrow - - do. Coals, loose - per chaldron Crates of glass, the large size each others in proportion, round, of earthenware do. Firkins and jugs of grots and raisins do. Fire engines, from £2 to £10 do. Flag stones - - per ton. Fire stones - - per foot Grindstones, from 4s. 6d. to 14s. each. Hogsheads of fine goods, if very large, each /\ " of 22 bushels, of ditto do. of 20 bushels, of ditto do. of coarse goods, such as negro clothing, osnaburgs, &c. if very large - each of 22 bushels, of ditto do. of 20 bushels, of ditto do. £ s. 12 8 5 1 8 8 8 6 6 1 16 18 18 14 14 6 5 10 2 1 1 10 2 10 15 4 1 10 9 2 1 18 1 15 1 10 1 8 1 5 176 £ s. d. Freight, rates of, to the West Indies. Hogsheads of beans, oats, bread, and earthenware, if very large - each 19 of 22 bushels, of ditto do. 17 of 20 bushels, of ditto do. 14 of coals and lime, if very large each 1 7 6 of22 bushels, of ditto do. 15 of20 bushels, of ditto do. 13 Hogshead staves, packed - do. 5 Hampers, the dozen bottles do. 4 Harrows - - per pair 10 Horses, for coaches or saddles, by agree-^ j ment, according to size and value. Solid iron-ware, in casks - per cwt. 3 Solid and loose, not in casks do. 2 Iron pots - - do. 6 teaches and furnaces - do. 6 Kegs - - do. 2 6 Lead and pewter - do. 2 Measured goods - - per foot 2 Mules, by agreement, according to size and value. Ox bows - - per dozen 3 Ox yokes - - - per pair 5 Oil of vitriol, aqua fortis, and all other very strong spirits per gallon 3 Oils, jars of - - do. 1 others in proportion. Puncheons of fine goods - each 1 10 unslacked lime - do. 1 10 coarse do.,osnaburghs, negro clothing, &c. each 14 beans, oats, flour, and bread - do. 1 3 177 A". (L t^REiGHT, rates of, to the West Indies. Ploughs, with wheels - each 3 without wheels - do. 2 Pantiles - - per thousand 3 Plain tiles - - do. 1 10 Pots, without drips - - each 1 Drips - - do. 1 6 Passengers, the ship's part - - 9 Paint - - per cwt. 4 Potatoes - I - do. 3 Puncheon packs - - each 5 Post chaises, as chariots. Stills - - per 100 gallons 2 Sugar-pot hoops, bent per thousand 10 unbent do. 14 Sofas, uncased - - each 2 8 Smiths' bellows, from 20s. to 30s. do. Staves, for sugar hogsheads, per thousand 6 white oak and heading do. 5 10 Hamburgh, double - do. 110 Spades - - ^ do. 10 Saws, cross-cut and whip - each 16 Tierces of fine goods - - do, 1 5 of coarse ditto, negro-clothing, osnaburgs, &c. per thousand 10 of beef and pork - do. 18 Truss hoops, for sugar hogsheads, per set 10 for rum-puncheons do. 8 Tables, and other strong cabinet-ware, uncased - - per foot 18 Tallow - - per cwt. 3 6 Vinegar - - per gallon 6 Worms, the 100 gallons of the still -200 Worm tubs, packed, with hoops unbent, the 100 gallons of the still - 16 178 £ 5. J. Freight, rates of, to the West Indies. Wood hoops, for sugar hogsheads, all long, if carried under deck, per thousand 5 if short ditto - do. 3 7 G half long and half short, ditto - do. 4 4 Waggons, with double shafts and broad wheels - - - each 16 with narrow wheels do. 12 Wheel-barrows - - do. 11 packed - - do. 6 Frenchburr Millstone. See Millstone. Fruit-gathering instrument - - each 15 Furlong, a long measure of 40 poles or perches, 220 yards, [ox one-eighth part of a mile. Furnace bar. See Bar. Work, consisting of mouth pieces, doors and plates of cast iron, fitted up with wrought iron, &c. - per lb. Q 3 Furze, or Gorst Mill. See Mill. G. Gallon, a measure of capacity both for dry and liquid articles, containing four quarts ; but these quarts, and con- sequently the gallon itself, are dif- ferent, according to the quality of the thing measured; for instance, the wine gallon contains 231 cubic inches, and holds 8 lbs. 5oz. and §ds. avoirdupois of pure water ; the beer and ale gallons contains 282 cubic inches, and holds 10 lbs. 179 Gallon. 3Joz. avoirdupois of water: and the gallon for com, meal, &c. 268 cubic inches and |ths., and holds 9 lbs. lljoz. of pure water. The Imperial Gallon contains 277-274 cubic inches, and will contain 10 lbs. of rain water. A gallon of train oil weighs 9 lbs. 6 oz. Garden engine. See Engine, Garnet hinges. See Hinges, Gas, iron work, for pipe. See Pipe. Cast iron elbows^ bends, tees, and crosses Retorts Bars - « • Bolts and nut. d. ►er cwt. 4 do. 14 do. 12 per lb. 5 180 Gas light burners for shops, &c. ^i^ O^ ^•o O o o o S S 00 G5 CO 00 O} ^o f— 1 r-H I-H ^O o o f-H o ?/2 o ^ -^•o CO CD ?D CO s ^*;iii "^ r^ ,_, t- -*-» 1— 1 >< Pi <:+^-' r-H rH Oi (>} H> , w B '^o o O o o o c3 z «50O lO rH t^ »o . «c s § I— » »-H 5> 1 c+)^ "^ »o CO CO M ^ o ■^ ^ q3 S C5 o (-H oi ■ - 1 i r—t -H i-H «^ 1 $-1 ^'o O O CO i 1 1 e^OO r-H ^ OD ffi fe s )4 1 I— 1 T— ( ;- P^ 1 GO ^o o c o 1 E-i -^o o zo o _s 65 :o o Cv? CO i« ^^ :^ \Z "S I— 1 •"I CO ^ ^,-^ f— < i-H I-H H '^ ^ S £ ^'o o o o s p3 g ^ ^ E^ Co' GO (>) »o o bD bD £ S .2 =3 1 ^ CO T}^ -* »o , z r^ -i^ =J ^ Ph o a :i 1^ t3 q5 ^ . PQ W O » s Ij . . *Eh o ^_l c^ ' ""^ r-H 181 £ s, d. per ann. 3 12 do. 5 5 per lb. 10 per cwt. 1 do. 1 5 - do. 1 10 n. per lb. 7 do. 10 - do. 1 2 each 2 do. 2 10 per lb. 7 Gas-light burners for shops, &c. Small ditto for passages and staircases, half the above. Outside lights until 12 ditto ditto all night Gasket, hempen Gates, cast iron, plain pattern Ornamental Fancy ditto The above includes the pattern Wrought iron plainly framed Simply ornamented Handsomely ditto Small and liglit garden gates ditto field or farm ditto Fancy light iron ditto Park gate, 5 feet high and 9 feet wide each 10 Three gates without posts, 8 feet high and 15 feet wide - each 38 Ornamental lodge gates, G feet high and 10 feet wide - - each 15 15 Wing or bridle gates, with posts to cor- respond - - each 15 15 A pair of gates and posts, 7 feet high and t 12 feet wide, hung folding each 30 A pair of ditto and ditto, 7 feet high and 10 feet wide, ditto - each 25 A pair of ditto and ditto, 6 feet high and 8 feet wide, ditto, all of wrought iron - - each Turnpike, of oak, from £8 8s. to each of cast iron - vie Gates, wood. See Carpenter and Joiner'^ s Work. Gauged arches, &c. See Bricklayer. 27 12 12 21 182 Gauging. To guage any common square or cooler, or oblong square, is thus : — multiply the length by the breadth in inches, then multiply that product by the depth, and divide by 282, and the quotient gives the contents in ale gallons. If you divide by 2150 it gives the bushels. Thus a cistern 60 inches long, 50 inches wide, and 40 inches deep, will contain 425 gallons, or about 55 bushels and 3 pecks. Tubs, or round figures: multiply the square of the diameter by the depth, and divide the product by 359 for beer, 294 for wine, and 2737 for bushels. Thus you will find a tub, whose diameter is 36 inches every where, and 50 inches deep, holds 180J beer gallons, 220J wine gallons, or 23|- bushels. Tubs, whose diameter at bottom and top are not equal, add both diame- ters together, and take the half for a mean diameter, and proceed as last. Casks, any common or regular cask may be gauged thus, provided both the head diameters are nearly equal ; first, square the bung diameter, and then multiply it by 2, to which add the square of the head diameter : then multiply this by the length of the cask, and divide it by 1077 for beer, or 882 for wine. Thus you will find a cask, whose bung diameter is 28 inches, the head 25 inches, and length 36 inches, to contain 73 ale gallons, or 891^ wine gallons 183 Gig. See Carriages. Gilding. See Palnier. Girders, wood trussed, &c. See Carpe^iier and Joiner. Glass. Plate of large dimensions. inches inches. 80 by 40 - 37 13 80 by 50 47 4 80 by 60 . 5Q 10 80 by 70 71 10 85 by 35 36 1 85 by 45 46 2 85 by 55 - 55 12 85 by 05 70 11 90 by 40 - 44 14 90 by 50 55 14 90 by 60 - m 18 90 by 70 93 10 95 by 35 - 43 18 95 by 45 55 7 95 by 55 - 66 14 95 by 65 91 13 95 by 75 - 113 1 00 by 40 53 9 100 by 50 - 70 8 100 by 60 92 5 100 by 70 - 111 1 100 by 80 142 1 105 by 50 75 5 106 by 59 102 110 by 30 - . - 59 3 112 by 71 147 2 115 by 80 - 75 5 121 by 70 172 3 123 by 68 - 168 12 127 by 50 117 5 132 by 67 192 2 134 by 70 214 7 140 by 61 187 12 184 Glass. £ s. d. x^ To clean glass. — One pound of finely powdered rotten stone mixed in a quart of boiling water; when cold, sponge the glass downwards with the liquid, after which polish with two soft cloths. Window, specific gravity per foot cube, 162 lbs. 14 cube feet one ton. Best Newcastle crown, squares, 3 feet - per ft. super. ditto, 2 feet 6 inches do. ditto, 2 feet - do. ditto, common sizes - do. Second Newcastle crown, squares, 3 feet per ft. super. ditto, 2 feet 6 inches do. ditto, 2 feet - do. ditto, common sizes - do. Third Newcastle crown, squares, 3 feet per ft. super. ditto, 2 feet 6 inches do. ditto, 2 feet - do. common sizes - do. Squares stopped in new sashes, including priming and putty per ft. super. 2 Glaziers' Work. Ground glass, Squares not exceeding 3 feet do. 5 6 ditto 2 feet, and not exceeding 2 feet 6 inches - per ft. super. 5 ditto under 2 feet - - do. 4 6 stopped in old sashes - do. 5 6 lead lights, in quarries or squares, 6 by 4 - per ft. super. 12 in squares above 6 by 4, and under 8 by 6 - per ft. super. ^ 4 o 5 2 3 2 1 1 10 2 2 1 9 1 8 1 7 1 8 1 6 1 4 1 3 185 £ s. d LAziERs' Work. Squares, under 8 feet by 6 per ft super. I 4 in ditto, 8 by 6 to 10 by 8 do. 1 6 Newcastle crown glass, Best, square of 3 feet do. 3 8 ditto, 2 feet 6 inches do. 3 2 ditto, 2 feet do. 3 ditto, common sizes do. 2 8 Second, square of 3 feet - do. 3 ditto, 2 feet 6 inches do. 9 10 ditto, 2 feet do. 2 d ditto, common sizes do. 2 4 Third, square of 3 feet do. 2 ditto, 2 feet 6 inches do. 2 3 ditto, 2 feet do. 2 ditto, common sizes - do. 1 9 Newcastle green glass, Squares in new sashes do. 1 2 ditto old ditto do. 1 8 Newcastle glass stopped in old sashes, Squares not exceeding 3 feet. per ft. super. 3 9 ditto 2 feet 6 inches do. 3 3 ditto 2 feet do. 3 ditto, under 2 feet ' - do. 2 8 Plate glass, cut from 1 to 2 ft. - do. 9 G ditto, 2 to 3 feet do. 11 () ditto, 3 to 4 feet - do. 13 G Quarries each 2 Squares under 7 by 5 do. 3 ditto, 7 by 5 to 8 by 6 do. 5 ditto, 8 by 6 to 9 by 7 - do. 7 ditto, 9 by 7 to 10 by 8 - do. 9 Sundries and day work, l:se\\ leading old lights per ft . super. 8 Repairing and part new leading do. 5 Cementing lights each 3 Casements framed in do. 8 186 Glaziers' Work. Puttying windows and skylights, both sides - per dozen squares ditto one side only - do. £ s. d. Cleaning windows, common size ditto, Venetian ditto ditto lights Putty Glazier - - - Glue Gold. fold com, each do. do. per lb. per day per lb. consists of 1 6 6 1 2 The standard for pure gold and one twelfth part of cop per melted together. Standard gold - - per lb. A sovereign weighs 5 dwts. 3*274 grs. . A half do. do. 2 do. 13-637 do. 934J sovereigns weigh exactly 20 lbs. troy. Grates, cast iron, for sewers, &c. 10 46 14 6 Small - - each 10 6 Birmingham pattern No. 1 - do. 1 5 ditto - No. 2 - do. 1 11 6 ditto - No. 3 - do. 2 10 Westminster - - do. 2 10 Holborn - - do. 2 5 Finsbury - - do. 1 ditto, with hinge and frame - do. 4 Common pattern - per cwt. 18 Gravel, 27 heaped bushels one load. A yard cube of solid gravel, containing 18 heaped bushels before digging, ^ will produce 27 heaped bushels when dug. Grinders' work, for light work - per hour 2 6 ditto heavy ditto - - do. 3 including the power and use of the stones. Grindstone, specific gravity per foot cube, 150 lbs. 187 Grindstones, are measured from the centres on the one side to the centre on the other, over the face, by the application of a piece of a string ; and 8 inclies is calcu- lated as one foot. Wi-ie. 10 inches. 1— 1 1— 1 1— 1 1--. 'tgOOOO-OCOOOO c'OIOOiOf-i^OOt^CO 1— 1 f— ( !—(»—( '<53CDOOOCDOO<©0<0 r— 1 i-H 1-H f— t r-n QJ a> ^•OCOOOOODt^O e^O)'-HOO}0»00 1— • I-H pH rH »-H I-H <:floO'-'^c»(>}cocO'«^ CD C+^OOO>-Hf-H(»CvjC0C0 Jl Wide. 4 inches. ^♦OCDOOOOOOO •' I-H I-H I-H f-H Cf^OOOOi-H^^CvjC^J 2 3 .S O CO O CO o o o o 3iJ:iGV}0}COCO^rt<»0»OCO 188 Grindstone - - per foot cube Mounted in a cast iron frame, for a stone 5 feet diameter, with a cast iron trough; two plummer blocks and covers for spindle, turned, ground, and fitted, i^^ith crank handle, nut, and pin; to work by men or machinery. not including the stone Grooving planes. JSee Planes. Grounds. JSee Carpeiiter and Joiner, Gross. Twelve dozen. GuAGED arches. See BricMayer. GuAGES, joiner's common marking 'plated Common cutting Best ditto Common mortise Best ditto ditto, ditto, screw slide ditto ditto, improved Guards, tree, for young trees and bushes Gunter's chain. The length of the chain is Q^^ feet, or 22 yards, or 4 poles of 5} yds. each, and it is divided into 100 links, of 7*92 inches each. Gutter, wood. See Carpenter and Joiner. Copper. See Copper. Lead. See Plumber. Guttering, of cast iron, 4 inch - per foot ditto 4 1 inch - do. ditto, square molded - - do. ditto, 6J wide and 2\ deep, circular, per foot each 15 15 each 9 do. 1 6 do. 1 6 do. 2 do. 3 3 do. 4 do. 6 do. 8 ipberry each 8 10 11 1 2 1 6 189 H. £ s. d. Hair, founders' per cwt. 1 plasterers' - per bushel 1 1 Haling lime. See Lime. Hammers, breaking each 4 Clawed, No. 1, small ' - - do. 1 No. 2. - do. 1 6 No. 3. - do. 1 9 No. 4. - do. 2 No. 5. - do. 2 6 No. 6. - do. 3 G Lathing, with short handle do. 1 6 ditto, with long ditto - - do. 1 9 Mill set do. 5 6 Smiths' hand - do. 2 6 ditto sledge - do. 7 G Stone do. 2 G Hand, a measure of four inches. Handglass, garden. See Frame. Handrail. See Carpenter and Joiner. Planes. See Planes. Hanega, a corn measure at Bilboa, in Spain, 13-5ths of a bushel English. Hanock, a corn measure at Malaga, containir.g unheaped, 129 pounds, or heaped, 144 pounds English. Hardening, for iron. One horse load of leather produces 27} bushels of hardening, per busl Harrows, of wrought iron, per bushel 2 No. 1. each pair 2 12 G No. 2. do. 3 3 No. 3. do. 3 13 G No. 4. do. 4 4 No. 5. do. 4 14 G No. G. clover do. 4 4 190 d. Harrows Scoth angled - - each pair 4 : 14 6 Drag - - do. 4 Improved grass - - do. 5 5 Hassocks, matting, 6 in. high, oval or round eacli 1 4 7 do. do. do. 1 6 8 do. do. do. 1 8 9 do. do. do. 1 10 10 do. do. do. 2 11 do. do. do. 2 3 12 do. do. do. 2 6 Moreen, stuiFed with hair at top. 6 inches - do. 3 7 to 8 do. - do. 3 6 9 to 10 do. - do. 4 11 to 12 do. - do. 4 6 If baize instead of moreen, charge less each 6 If without hair at top, do. do. G Hatters' iron work. Finishing irons per ib. 4 Doors and frames - - do. 4i Kilns and bars - - per cwt. 18 Steaming pots - - do. 1 4 Cockles - - do. 1 Haymaking machine. See Machine., Hay rack. See Rack. Hazel wood, specific gravity, per foot cube, 37i lbs. Hearths and covings. See Mason. Hemp, dressed - - j^er lb. Hermina, in Roman antiquity, a liquid measure, equal to half a pint English wine measure; its contents being 2*818 solid inches. 1 191 Hide of land, is such a quantity of land as might be ploughed with one plough within the space of a year, or so much as would maintain a family ; some call it 60, some 80, and some 100 acres. Hinges, but and back flap, with screws. £ s. d. li inch 2 do. per pair do. 6 8 2J do. do. 10 2J do. do. 1 2| do. . do. 1 2 3 do. - do. 1 4 Si do. - do. 1 8 4 do. do. 2 For improved butts, See Joi?its Garnet, hook and eye, measured from the joint, 10 inch 12 do. - per pair do. 8 11 14 do. do. 1 3 16 do. - do. 1 5 18 do. do. 1 7 20 do. - do. 1 10 192 Hinges. Gate, improved upon the same princi- ple as the butt Joints. See Joints, No. Sirap. Per paair Per foot. ft. in. £ s. d.. £ 5. d. 1 1 3 4 6 3 G 2 1 6 6 4 3 1 9 8 4 6 4 2 10 5 5 2 3 12 6 5 6 6 2 6 15 6 7 2 9 18 6 6 8 3 1 1 7 9 3 3 1 4 6 7 6 10 3 6 1 8*0 8 11 3 9 1 12 8 6 12 4 1 16 9 13 4 6 2 5 10 14 5 2 15 11 15 5 6 3 6 12 16 6 4 4 0' 14 17 6 6 5 4 16 18 7 6 6 18 19 7 6 7 10 1 20 8 8 16 1 2 21 8 6 10 4 1 4 22 9 11 14 1 6 23 9 6 13 6 1 8 24 10 15 1 10 All cranks measured in with the length of strap, and charged as extra lenth. Gate, for field, farm, or park gates ; made upon an improved principle to open either way, without spring or fork, (as is now in o^eneral use,) to act without the least comparative friction ; and also to effectually 193 Hinges. £ s. d. prevent the gate dropping at its point ; or to be in any case the least out of order, or from working to the greatest truth, with catch, and self-acting latch, complete - per pair 3 3 HL's 6 inch - - do. 1 7 inch - - do. 1 2 8 inch - - do. 1. 6 9 inch - - do. 2 10 inch - - do. 2 4 11 inch - - do. 3 12 inch - - do. 3 6 If larger size - - per lb. 10 Side, including screws, per pair, 4 inch - - per pair 7 5 inch - do. 10 6 inch - - do. 1 7 inch - - do. 12 8 inch - - do. 1 4 9 inch . - do. 1 8 10 inch - - do. 2 Wrought iron for gates - per lb. 8 Cast iron ditto - do. 7 Spring double acting - each 3 3 Single - - do. 1 11 6 Hoes, high tempered. Common Dutch. 8. d. 8. d. No. 1 - - each 1 6 - 1 9 No. 2 - do. 1 10 - 2 1 No. 3 - - do. 2 2 - 2 5 No. 4 - do. 2 6 - 2 11 No. 5 - - do. 2 9 - 3 No. 6 - do. 3 - 3 3 No. 7 . 8 by 9 - do. 3 5-38 No. 8 - 8^ by 9 - do. 3 9-40 No. 9 - 10 by 9 - do. 4 1-44 No. 10 . 10 by 10 - do. 4 6-4 10 2b 104 d. 8 8 3 13 6 3 Hoes, horse, expanding from 8 to 18 inches wide, each 4 ditto, with 2 coulters, to take earth from the rows - each 5 5 Expanding, from 1 to 2 feet wide do. 4 14 6 ditto, with 2 coulters as before do. 6 6 Expanding, and worked by man or boy each 2 12 6 The inverted horse hoe, from £5 5s. ditto, to - - each ditto, for turnips - do. The Indian plough hoe - do. Hogshead, a liquid measure for ale, containing 48 gallons, or 13*536 cube inches, or 7i cube feet ; for beer or ale in the country, 51 gallons, or 14*382 cube inches, or 8| cube feet ; in London, 54 gallons, or 15*228 cube inches, or 8| cube feet ; for wine, 63 gallons, or 14*553 cube inches, or 8f cube feet. A hogshead of sugar generally weighs about one ton. A hogshead of pilchards is about 3000 fish, or 40 gallons. Holdfasts - - - per lb. 2J Hollows and rounds. See Planes. Homer, a Hebrew measure, containing 24 bushels. A measure of about 3 pints. Hooks, catgut, for lathes, &c. - per pair 18 Larger - - do. 2 Reap, middling - - each 16 Improved hatchet and bill hooks, for cutting underwood, faggoting, and gap stopping - - each 1 10 1&5 Hoops, box plate - - per cwt. Head for sugar-mill work - per lb. Puncheon - - per cwt. Rivets for ditto - per thousand Hornbeam timber, specifie gravity, per foot cube, 48 lbs. 41f cube feet one ton. per foot cube Inch plank - per foot super IJ ditto - - do. IJ ditto - - do. If ditto - - do. 2 ditto > - do. 2i ditto - - do. 3 ditto - - do. 3J ditto - - do. 4 ditto - - do. Horsehair cleaning machine. See Machine. Houses, duties upon. For every inhabited house which is worth the rent herein-after- mentioned by the year, there shall be charged the following sums yearly, viz. — £10 & under £20 perann., in the pound £20 do. £40 do. do. £40 and upwards do. do. And so on at the same rate of 2s. lOd. in the pound, for rent of any amount. The assessment is to be made on the full yearly value of the house, with- out being guided by the parish rates. Exemptions. Every public office for which the duties hitherto payable have been paid by His Majesty, or out of the public revenue. Every farm house occu- pied by a te7iant solely for the pur- £ s. d. 1 2 1 1 1 5 9 5 6 n 9 11 1 1 1 4 1 7 i. 9 2 1 6 2 3 2 10 196 d Houses, duties upon. poses of husbandry. Every farm house occupied by the miner ^ used for the purposes of husbandry only, which with the household and other offices aforesaid, shall be valued under the act, at £10 per annum, or under. Any hospital, charity school, or house pro- vided for the reception or relief of poor persons. Every house left to the care of any person, or servant, who pays no rates to the church and poor, who resides therein for the pur- pose of taking care of the same ; but the assessors must make an assess- ment in every such case, and a re- turn, in order that the same be allow- ed by the commissioners. Fourth rate dwelling, consisting of 4 rooms, ceilings 8 feet in the clear and covering an area of 350 square feet, with a kitchen 10 feet by 8 feet at back in addition - each 160 ditto, with room over kitchen do. 175 ditto, full sized, consisting of two lower kitchens, two parlours, two one-pair, and two attics, with a roof curbed behind - - each 280 Malm fronts, guaged arches, cornices, &c. extra. Or cube the whole contents of building, and for a plain finished house, per foot cube A well finished ditto - do. HowEL, coopers'. No. 1 - - each No. 2 do. No. 3 do. 5 8 1 6 1 9 2 197 Hundred of lime, 25 bushels. Deals, 120. Nails, 120. Iron, lead, &c. 1121b. weight. Weight, showing the value of, from the Jth part of one penny to sixpence per lb. £ s, d. a. i per lb. i do. i do. i do. 1 do. U do. n do. If do. 2 do. 2i do. 2i do. 2f do. 3 do. 3J do. 3} do. 3f do. 4 do. 4J do. 4J do. 4| do. 5 do. 51 do. H do. 5} do. 6 do. Hurdles, cattle, with 5 bars, 6 feet long, 4 feet 6 inches high, with nut and screw ditto, with rabbit proof per cwt. 1 2 do. 2 4 do. 4 8 do. 7 do. 9 4 do. 11 8 do. 14 do. 16 4 do. 18 8 do. 1 do. 3 4 do. 5 8 do. 8 do. 10 4 do. 12 8 do. 15 do. 17 4 do. 19 8 do. 2 2 do. 2 4 4 do. 2 6 8 do. 2 9 do. 2 11 4 do. 2 13 8 do. 2 16 ;, 4 feet I screw each 10 . do. 15 198 Hurdles. Deer, with 6, 7, or 8 bars, made to any size or strength - per lb. with festoon chain - each dividing or strong fence, with screw joint. - - per yard fancy, with 5 arched bars - do. with 4 ditto, and 2 horizontal for ha ha's, from 5s. to per yard with ornamental wire work do. mule, with 5 bars, 6 feet long, 5 feet high, with nut and screw - each ox, with 5 bars, 6 feet long, 5 feet high, with nut and screw - each park ditto, 6 feet ditto - do. sheep, with 5 bars, 6 feet long, 4 feet high, with nut and screw - each ditto, ditto, hare or rabbit proof do. £ 5. d. 2i 15 15 8 6 12 18 14 12 18 9 12 I AND J Jacks, screw, common. Single. size. ft. in. 2 • 2 6 . 3 . 3 6 m Double. 2 m 2 6 m 3 . 3 6 . 4 . each 2 4 do. 2 12 6 do. 3 do. 3 12 do. 3 18 do. 4 4 do. 4 10 do. 5 10 do. 6 199 £ 5. fl Jacks, screw, common. Strong single. ft. in. 2 2 6 3 3 6 Strong, double. ft. in. 2 2 6 3 3 6 4 each 2 15 do. 3 6 do. 3 15 do. 4 10 do. 4 18 do. 5 5 do. 5 12 do. 6 18 do. 7 10 Dimensions to be taken from the length of the wood stock. Jar, an earthen vessel, containing, of oil, from 18 to 26 gallons. Jasmin, Spanish, specific gravity per foot cube, 48 lbs. Ice. For preserving ice. Heap up a large cone of well pounded ice, or snow, in win- ter; put it in a shady place and thatch it over with barley straw, twice the thickness, laid upon a stack of oats, and it will be preserved for three years. Illuminator, or glass lens, for passages, &c. to bear walking over. 4 inch patent illuminator each 5 5 do. ditto do. 7 51- do. ditto - - do. 8 6 do. ditto do. 10 6i do. ditto - do. 12 6 7 do. ditto do. 15 7i do. ditto - do. 1 1 U do. ditto do. 1 7 200 £ s. d. Inch. The twelfth part of a foot, and equal to three barleycorns in length. Instrument, bark peeling, recommended by Sir John Sinclair - each 12 Insurance, rates of, Brick or stone buildings according to the Act of Parliament, and being not hazardous ; as also goods, merchand- ize, and stock in ditto - per cent 2 Timber or plaster buildings with the goods and stock in ditto, termed hazardous per cent 3 ditto, in brewhouses, thatched dwellings, &c. doubly hazardous - per cent 5 Annuities on Lives. A simple but correct method of ascertaining the remaining j^ears of an individual ; for instance, take 84 as a number, from which deduct the age of the person, and that being divided by 2, will give the time as accurately as possible : — Thus 84 42 age of the person 2)42 21 years to remain. Joints, to lead pipes. See Plumber Swivel screw, of metal, i inch f do. f do. I do. 1 do. - n do. U do. each 1 6 do. 1 10 do. 2 2 do. 2 6 do. 3 do. 3 6 do. 4 Joints. 201 Improved butt, made upon the princi- ple of machinery, require no oil, make the least creaking noise, or work out of truth, never cause the door to drag on the floor, and at the same time acting with the greatest possible ease. d. Brass. Iron. per pair. per pair. Inch. £ s. d. £ s. d. 1 2 6 1 u 3 9 1 6 2 5 2 21 6 3 2 6 3 7 6 3 3i 8 9 3 6 4 10 4 ^ 11 3 4 6 5 12 6 5 5i 13 9 5 6 6 15 6 Cranks and wide flaps charged extra. Iron, cast, specific gravity per foot cube, 464 lbs. Price for the best - per ton inferior ^ do. old ► do. One foot superficial ^th of an inch thick, 7 6 3 10 will weigh lb. oz. •4 13 ido. 9 10 fdo. - - 14 8 J do. 19 6 fdo. - . 24 3 fdo. 29 |do. - - 33 14 Inch do. 38 11 Iron. 202 By this it will show, 12 inches superfi- cial of cast iron, an inch thick, will weigh 38 lbs. 1 1 oz. Wrought, specific gravity per foot cube, 495 lbs. Price for the best Ensflish ditto ditto scrap Swede Box plate Single do. - Boiler plate - ditto angula r - Fender plate Casement . per cwt. 18 do. 1 3 do. 1 8 do. 1 9 do. 1 5 do. 1 8 do. 1 15 do. 1 10 do. 1 8 [ron. 203 Wrought, weights of, from one quarter of an inch diameter, to 4 inches, as No. 1 ; and also of square bar, from one quarter of an inch to 4 inches, as No. 2. Inches. No. 1. • No. 2. Round. Square. lbs. oz. lbs. oz. i 3^ 5 f 2 • 7 9 11 13 1 2 1 5i f 1 9 1 15 1 2 1 2 10 1 2 10 3 7 1 3 4^ 4 5i li 4 Oi 5 6 If ll 4 14 6 8J 5 12 7 llf If 6 12J 9 1 1* 7 151 10 8i li 9 3i 12 Ij 2 10 11 13 12 24 12 3 15 8 2* 13 12 17 6 2l 15 6 19 6 H 17 Oi 18 111 21 7i 2t 23 10 2T 20 7 26 1 2| 22 3 28 8i 3 24 30 15^ 3i 28 36 4 Si 32 8 42 2 3| 37 8 48 4 43 54 Iron. 204 Wrought, weights of one foot of flat bar iron, from one inch broad, and one eighth of an inch thick, to four inches broad, and an inch thick. Parts of an inch in thicJcness. rt o S a. S S \ JL 4 f J ©•-^^ l'^ l-H lb. oz. 6| lb. OZ. 13f lb. oz. 4f lb. 1 oz. iii Ji 7f 15i 7i 1 15 l| 8| IJ 9f 2 2| 1| 9* 3 12f 2 5i ]A lOf 4| 15 2 9J If Hi 4 2 n 2 12| 1 3 12 8 2 4 3 0* 1* 12J 9f 2 6f 3 31 2 13f 11* 2 9J 3 7 2\ 14| 13J 2 llj 3 lOi 15i 15 2 14f 3 13f 21 Of 2 Of 3 1 4 If 2i 1* 2 21 3 31 4 4f n 2 2 4 3 8| 4 8J 2| SJ 2 5| 3 4 111 2i 3f 2 7^ 3 111 4 15 3 4| 2 9i 3 13J 5 2i 3i 5^ 2 11 4 OJ 5 6 3J 2 12| 4 3 5 9J 31 7J 2 14| 4 5| 5 12J 3J 8 3 0* 4 H 6 OJ 3| 9 3 IJ 4 lOf 6 3f 3f 9f 3 3J 4 131 6 lof 3K lOf 3 5J 5 6 4 Hi 3 7 5 2i 6 14 12 5 2| 10 5 15 7J 20 10 [ron. 205 Wrought, weights of, &c. continued. iS i.H Parts ( of an inch in ihichie^ ? seconc z 68) 388 291 776 582 The area =3298 = half 6596 = 3298. PROBLEM VII. 13. To find the area of any quadrangle abcd. c J M Measurer, Practical. 238 RULE. Measure a diagonal line ac, and the perpendiculars be, DF, falling upon it from the opposite angles ; multiply the sum of these perpendiculars by half the diagonal, and the product will give the area ; or multiply the sum of the per- pendiculars by the diagonal, and half the product will give the area. This rule arises from the preceding, and is only determin- ing two triangles at one operation. 'jm EXAMPLE. Let AC, BE, DF be 18, 8, and 7 of Gunter's chain respec- tively, to find the area. Now 8 + 7 — 15 the sum of the perpendiculars. Th. 15 X 9~ 135, the area in chains, which divided by 10 (the number of square chains in one acre) gives 13,5 acres ; namely, thirteen acres and a half. PROBLEM VIII. 14. To find the area of any straight lined figure. I> RULES. 1. Divide the figure into triangles, find the area of each triangle, by problem 6, and their sum will be the content. Or 2. Make a triangle equal to the given figure, by article 312, and find the area of this equal triangle 839 Measurer, Practical. EXAMPLE. Let ABCDE be the given figure, and fgd be a triangle made equal to it, whose base fg measures 1244 links, and per- pendicular DH measures 1120 links. Then FG - - - - z: 1240 HalfDH ^ - - - z: 560 74400 6200 The area of fgd, or abcde Which is - - - ~ 694400 links. 6,94400 acres. PROBLEM IX. 15. To find the area of any regular polygon. D RULE. Let fall a perpendicular from the centre of the figure to one of its sides ; then multiply together the perpendicular, the side of the figure, and the number of its sides ; and half the product will express the area. For if lines be drawn from every angular point to the centre of the figure, the polygon will be divided into the same number of equal triangles, as it has sides. example. What is the area of a regular pentagon abcde, whose side AB is 250, and perpendicular fg is 72 ? Now 172x 250 x 5=215000 the product of the three given quantities, and its half is 107500, the content required. 240 Measurer, Practical. PROBLEM X. 16. To find the circumference of a circle tokose diameter is 2. INVESTIGATION. In the semicircle abcd, apply the line ad equal to the radius ae, and draw AC bisecting the angle bad. Now AD is the side of a regular hexagon and the arches BC, CD are equal, therefore each is I of the whole circum- ference, and the line AC is given. By the same theorem, a series of bisecting lines may be found approaching to tlie diameter ab, and every intercepted arch (bc) will be a known part of the circumference; and having thus deter- mined an arch bf sufficiently minute for our purpose, by joining bf, the triangle afb is right angled at f and the line BF is given. Lastly, bf being the side of a regular inscribed figure, whose number of sides is given, the circuit of that polygon is given, and consequently the circumference of the circle (being greater than the circuit of any inscribed poly- gon) is nearly found, but to determine it exactly is impos- sible. operation. No. AC 2 AC Ar. bf: 1 3,0000000000 1,7320508075 - I 2 3,7320508075 1,9318516525 - 1 11 3 3,9318516525 1,9828897227 - 1 4 3,9828897227 1,9957178465 - 1 5 3,9957178465 1,9989291743 - 1 TTTT 6 3,9989291743 1,9997322757 - 1 7 3,9997322757 1,9999330678 - 1 8 3,9999330678 BF^ =0,0000669322 1 241 Measurer, Practical. Therefore bf = 0,00818121, and 0,00818121 x 768 = 6,28317, the circuit of an inscribed polygon, having 68 sides. Again, since the inscribed polygon of 768 sides is deter- mined, the circuit of a circumscribing polygon similar to it is easily found to be 6,28322, (the circuits and perpen- diculars from the centre to their sides being proportional) and consequently the circumference of the circle is nearly 6,2832, which is a mean between them. COROLLARIES. 17. If the diameter of a circle is 1, the circumference is 3,1416. 18. If the diameter of a circle is multiplied by 3,1416 the product will give the circumference. 19. If the radius of a circle is multiplied by 6,2832, the product will give the circumference 20. As 7 : 22 :: diameter : circumference. 21. As 7 : 44 :: radius : circumference. 22. If the circumference of a circle is divided by 3,1416, the quotient will give the diameter. 23. If the circumference of a circle is divided by 6,2832, the quotient will give the radius, or semidiarneter. Because the circumferences of circles are proportional to their diameters, or semidiameters. REMARK. Since the circumference of the circle is only determined nearly, and not accurately; so the corollaries above are nearly true only, but not exactly so. PROBLEM XI. 24. To find the area of a circle^ whose diameter and cir- cumference are given. RULES. 1. Multiply half the circumference, by half the diameter, and the product will express the area. Or, 2. Multiply the circumference by the diameter, and a fourth part of the product will express the area. 2 H 242 Measurer, Practical. Because a circle is equal to a triangle, whose base is equal to the circumference, and altitude is equal to the semi- diameter. EXAMPLE. What is the area of a circle, whose diameter is 2, and circumference is - - 6,2832 ? Now half the circumf. zz 3,1416 half the diameter — 1 Th. the area - - n: 3,1416 by rule first. EXAMPLE 2. What is the area of a circle, whose diameter is 1, and circumference is - - 3,1416 ? Multiply by the diameter - 1 The product is - iz 3,1416 Th. the area - = 0,7854 by rule second. PROBLEM XII. 25. The diameter^ or semidiameter of a circle bei?ig given to find the area of that circle. RULES, 1. Multiply the square of the diameter by 0,7854, and the product will give the area. Or, 2. Multiply the square of the semidiameter by 3,1416, and the product will give the area. Because 0,7854 and 3,1416 are the areas of circles, whose diameters are 1 and 2, and the areas of circles are pro- portional to the squares of their diameters, or semidiameters Again, 1 : 0,7854 :: 14 : 11, nearly. And 1 : 3,1416 :: 7 : 22, nearly. Hence the following rules. 3. As 14 to 1 1 , so is the square of the diameter to the area of the circle. 4. As 7 to 22, so is the square of the semidiameter to the area of the circle 243 Measurer, Practical. REMARK. The area of a circle cannot be found exactly, because the diameter and circumference, are not (both of them) to be accurately expressed by numbers. EXAMPLE. What is the area of a circle whose diameter is 12 ? Now 12 X 12 — 144, the square of the diameter, and 0,7854 X 144 z: 113,0976, the area required, by rule the first. Secondly, 6x6 — 36, the square of the semidiameter ; and 3,1416 x 36 = 113,0976, the area required, by rule the second. Thirdly, 14 : 11 :: 12 X 12 : area of the circle, which , , 12xl2x 11 1484 ,_, , therefore m ^^ = — jj — -- 1-13,1, by rule the third. Lastly, 7 : 22 : : 6 X 6 : area of the circle, which con- 6x6x22 792 ,,„, , sequently — ;z — "z— ~ 113,1, by rule the fourth, PROBLEM XI n. 26. The circumference of a circle being given^ to find the area. RULES. 1. Find the semidiameter by the 24th Rule, and then find the area by the 25th. Or 2. Multiply the square of the circumference by 0,079577, and the product will give the area. For the squares of the circumferences, are as the squares of the diameters, therefore the areas are as the squares of the circumferences, and 0,079577 is the area of a circle whose circumference is L 244 Measurer, Practical. EXAMPLE. What is the area of a circle whose circumference is 24 ? Now the semidiameter is 3,8197, and 3,8197 x 12 z: 45,8364 the area required, by rule the first. Or Secondly, the square of the circumference 24 x 24 "576, and 0,079577 x 576 produces 45,836352 for the area re- quired. PROBLEM XIV. 27. To find the area of a sector of a circle abc. C RULE. Multiply the length of the arch by the radius of the circle, and half the product will give the area. Or multiply either of them by half the other, and the product will express the area. For a sector of a circle is equal to a triangle, whose base is equal to the length of the arch, and altitude is equal to the radius of the sector. EXAMPLE. Let the radius ca be 55^ and the length of the arch ab be 59. Now the arch ab - . i= 59 The radius ca - - iz 55 295 295 the product - zz 3245 Half the product - z: 1622,5 the area of abc. 245 Measurer, Practical. PROBLEM XV. 28. To find the area of a segment of a sector abcd, or the front of an arch built with stones of equal length. RULE. Multiply half the sum of the bounding arches ad, bc ; by their distance ab, and the product will give the area. For let the segment be divided into equal parts indefi- nitely small, by straight lines e f g h^ i Ic^ &c. drawn from the common centre of the arches ad, bc ; and about the said centre describe the arch lm bisecting ab or dc, and cutting efm n. Now the parts xfeh^gk^ &c. representing the fronts of arch stones indefinitely thin, they may be taken for quadran- gles, having their upper and lower sides parallels, and being all equal to one another, each is equal to lw x ab ; there- fore the whole segment abcd iz lm x ab and hn being half the sum of b/ and Ae, lm must be half the sum of bc and AD ; which gives the rule. example. AVhat is the area of the front of an arch, built with stones of 4 feet long, whose upper and lower bounding arches are in length 91 and 78 J feet respectively ? Now the upper curve - — 91 lower curve - — 78,5 The sum - - - =z 169,5 The half sum - - =i 84,75 Multiply by - - 4 The area required - - 339 square feet 246 Measurer, Practical. EXAMPLE 2. What is the area contained between two concentric semi- circles, whose diameters are 24 and 16? Now the greater semicircle - the lesser semicircle Their sum - - - zz 62,8 The half sum - - - n 31,4 Multiply by - - - — 4 the distance between the circles, and the product 125,6 is the area required. PROBLEM XVI. 29. To find the area of a segment of a circle abc, whose centre is e. .^ \B D ] y\ RULES 1. Find the area of the triangle abe, and of the sector acbe, and their difference is the area of the segment abc. Or 2. * To six times the base, add eight times the chord of half the arch, multiply the sum by the altitude, divide the product by 15, and the quotient will nearly give the area. EXAMPLE FOR RULE 2*. Let the base ab be 8, and the altitude CG be 3. Now ac2IZag2 + gc2~16 + 9z:25; th. aczz5. Th. 8 X 6 + 5 X 8z= 48 + 40 = 88, the sum to be multi- plied ; th. 88 X 3 = 264 the product ; which, divided by 15, gives 17,6 the area of the segment abc. nearly 247 Measurer, Practical. PROBLEM XVII. 30. To find the area of an ellipsis^ or oval, RULE. Multiply 0,7854, the greatest diameter, and the least diameter together, and the product of these three numbers will express the area. EXAMPLE. What is the area of an ellipsis, whose greatest diameter is 24, and least diameter is 18 ? Now the constant number is - - 0,7854 the greatest diameter is - 24 x 31416 15708 The first product is The least diameter is The area is 18,8496 18 X 1507968 188496 339,2928 PROBLEM XVin. 31. To find the convex surface of a right cylinder abcd. RULE. Multiply the circumference of the base by the altitude ot the cylinder, and the product will give the convex surface. For conceiving the convex surface cut parallel to the axis, and then spread smooth upon a plane ; it will evidently fall into a rectangular figure, and consequently must be deter- mined after the same manner. 248 Measurer, Practical. EXAMPLE. What is the convex surface of a right cylinder, whose circumference is 9 J feet, and length is 4^ feet ? 1. Decimally. 2. By cross multiplication. *_ A in. Circumference - -^ 9,5 9 : 6 Length - z: 4,5 4:6 475 ,4:9:0 380 38 : Convex surface m 42,75 = 42 : 9 : PROBLEM XIX. 32. To find the convex surface of a right cone abc. RULE. Multiply the circumference of the base by the slant side, and half the product will give the area. For conceiving: the surface cut in a straight line from the vertex to the base, and then spread smooth upon a plane, it will evidently fall into the sector of a circle; and conse- quently, must be determined after the same manner. EXAMPLE. What is the convex surface of a right cone, whose base is 64 feet in circumference, and slant side ac is 28 feet in length ? Now the circumference - "n 64 Slant side ac - - • i= 28 x 512 128 The product - - - iz 1792 I'he convex surface - ~ 896 square feet. 249 Measurer, Practical. PROBLEM XX. 33. To find the convex surface of the frustum of a right cove ABCD, made by a section parallel to the base. C RULE. Multiply half the sum of the circumferences of the ends by the slant side; and the product will give the convex surface. For conceivins: the convex surface cut in the straight line AB, and then spread smooth upon a plane, it will evidently fall into the segment of a sector ; whose bounding arches are equal to the circumferences of the ends, and whose sides are equal to the slant side of the frustum ab or dc ; likewise the circumference of a circle lm round the middle of the frustum, will fall into an arch lm bisecting the sides of the segment; wherefore the convex surface is truly expressed by LM X AB. EXAMPLE. Let the circumferences of the ends be 32, and 8 feet, and the length of the slant side ab be 7 feet ; to find the convex surface. Now half 32 + 8 x 7 = 20 x 7 = 140, the content required. PROBLEM xxi. 'M . The diameter of a globe being given ; to find the superficies. RULE, Find the circumference of a great circle upon the globe 2 I 250 Measurer, Practical. by article 19, multiply the circumference by the diameter, and the product will express the superficies. Because the surface of a globe is four times the area of its great circle, and the product of the circumference, by the diameter, is likewise four times the area of the same circle. EXAMPLE. What is the superficies of a globe, whose diameter ab is 1 ? Now the circumference of a great circle ~ 3,1416 the diameter - - = 1 x The superficies of the globe - = 3,1416 PROBLEM XXII. 35. The diameter^ or semidiameter of a globe being given to find the superficies. RULES. 1. Multiply 3,1416 by the square of the diameter, and the product will give the superficies. Or, 2. Multiply the square of the semidiameter b^ 88, divide the product by 7, and the quotient will give the superficies. Because the surfaces of globes are proportional to the squares of their diameters, or semidiameters, and 3,1416 is the superficies of a globe whose diameter is 1. EXAMPLE. What is the superficies of a globe whose diameter is 8 feet. First method. Constant number - 3,1416 Square of diameter • - 64 ] 25664 188496 Superficies - - 201.0624 square feet 251 Measurer, Practical. Second method, Square of semidiameter Constant number 16 88 128 128 7) 1408 (201 square feet. PROBLEM XXI II. 36. To find the superficies of a segment of a globe, made f the section of a plane. -H ; B ^ m \ '/ i _\ K'lHixjF 2 i) RULE. Multiply the circumference of the globe by the height of the segment, and the product will give the superficies. For let a semicircle abd be divided into parts ae^ cffh^ &c. indefinitely small, so as to be taken for straight lines, bisecty*^ in x, draw e n^f o, x y^ &c. perpendicular to ad, and/m parallel to ad, join the point x to the centre e, and suppose the semicircle to turn about the axis ad and gene- rate a globe. Now E X f\^ a right angle, th. the angles xfm, ^ xy are equal, and the triangles hfm, e x y are equi-angular ; th. hf'.fm \\^ X \ X y\ but "e. x '. x y w the circumference of the globe c ; the circumference of a circle, whose radius is y x,i\i. hf:fm :: c : circumference x, th. circumference X X hf= c X /m, or c x o jt?; but the ring or zone de- scribed by/ h, being the convex surface of the frustum of a right cone = circumference x x fh, th. the zone described hyfh = c X o p. By the same reason, each zone described upon the globe is equal to the product of the circumference c by the intercepted part of the axis, and consequently a superficies described by any arch a/, is equal to c x a o. '252 Measurer, Practical. COROLLARY. 37. If the parts of the diameter a i, i g, g n, &c. are equal, the zones described by the corresponding arches a e, ef,fhy &c. are likewise equal. REMARK. The superficies of a globe is expressed by the product of its circumference and diameter, as before determined in article 34. EXAMPLE. What is the superficies of a segment 9 feet high, cut from a globe of 42 feet diameter ? The constant number - =3,1416 The diameter of the globe = 42 62832 125664 The circumference - . = 131,9472, by article 18. The height of the segment - 9 x The superficies required = 1187,5248 PROBLEM XXIV. 38. To find the solidity or content of a cube abch. IT RULE. Multiply the square of a side by the side, and the product will express the content. 253 Measurer, Practical. For if a cube abch be composed or built up with lesser cubes, the number of them placed upon the base is equal to the number of little squares in the base, and that number is expressed by ab X ab, the square of the side. Again, the number of courses is equal to the number of parts or measures in the side ae or ab ; and consequently the num- ber of lesser cubes contained in the greater, is expressed by AB X AB X AB, which givcs the rule above. example. What is the content of a cube whose side is two feet ? Now the side ab or ae - zz 2 z: 2 The square of a side Again, the side ab — 4zzAB X AB, or ab* The content required - - zi 8 — ab x ab. problem XXV. 39. To find the content of a prism abode fgh. H E, ^ Multiply the area of the base by the height or altitude, and the product will express the content. For if a prism is erected upon a square base, and com- posed or built up with equal cubes, the number placed upon the base must be equal to the number of little squares in the base, and the number of courses will be equal to the num- ber of parts or measures in the altitude, wherefore the 254 Measurer, Practical. content is truly expressed as above in a square prism ; and all prisms of equal base and altitude being equal, the rule is true universally. EXAMPLE. Let the area of the base abcd be 4 feet, and the height ae be 3 feet, to find the content. Now 4x3= 12, the content required in cubic feet. example 2. What is the content of a block of marble, in length 7 feet 9 inches, breadth 3 feet 6 inches, and thickness 2 feet 6 inches ? 1. By inches. The length is - - 93 The breadth is - - 42 x 186 372 The area of the base - = 3906 The thickness - = 30 x The content - - ~ 117180 cubic inches, which divided by 1728 (the number of cubic inches in a cu- bic foot) gives 67,8 cubic feet, the content required. 2. By cross multiplication. ft. in. Again, the length is the breadth is 7 : 9 3 : 6 X 3 : 10 : 23 : 3 6 Area of the base The thickness - - 27 : 1 : 6 2 : 6x 13 : 6 54 : 3 : 9 : : The content is - 67 : 9 : 9 : cubic feet. 255 Measurer, Practical. PROBLEM XXVi. 40. To find the content of a pyramid abode. E RULE. Multiply the area of the base by a third part of the alti- tude, and the product will give the content. Because a pyramid is a third part of a prism, having the same base and altitude. EXAMPLE. What is the content of a pyramid 300 feet high, erected upon a base 24 feet square 1 Now the side of the base is - 24 X 24 96 48 The area of the base - - = 576 One third of the height - = 100 The content - - = 57600 cubic feet. PROBLEM XXV H. 41. To find the content of a wedge abcdef, which is a solid contained under five planes ; the back or base abcd, is a rectangle or oblongs and the four sides terminate in the edge 256 Measurer, Practical. EF, being a straight line parallel and equal to a side of the A ■"A 1^ ^ V- V ^B RULE, Multiply the area of the base by half the altitude of the edge, and the product will give the content. For this solid is likewise a triangular prism, whose bases are ade, bcf ; and if planes be drawn through ef, dc paral- lel to AC, AF, the solid abcdefgh formed thereby will abo be a prism ; and either the rectangle ac, or parallelogram ah, may be taken for its base. Th. the prism adebcf HEDGFC. Th. ADEBCF, or ABCDEF is half ABCDEFGH, which gives the rule above. EXAMPLE. What is the content of a wedge whose base measures 36 feet by 20, and whose height is 12 feet ? Now 36 X 20 = 720, the area of the base. Th. 720 X 6 = 4320, the content required. PROBLEM XXVIIL 42. To find the content of a pavilion roof abode f, which is a solid contained under five planes ; the base is a rectangle or oblongs and the four sides terminate in a ridge (ef), par^allel to a side of the base, but unequal to it. 257 Measurer, Practical. RULE. To the length of the ridge, add twice the side of the base which is parallel to it. Multiply the sum by the other side of the base, and the product which arises by a sixth part of the altitude, and the second product will give the content. For supposing the section egh made parallel to the plane FBC, the roof is then divided into the pyramid aghde, and the wedge gbchef ; now calling the altitude «, and finding the contents of those parts according to the preceding rules, their sum, (properly ordered) will be expressed by EK + 2 AB X BC X ^, which gives the rule above. EXAMPLE. What is the content of a pavilion roof, whose base is 36 feet by 20, ridge parallel to the greater side is 16, and alti- tude is 12 feet ? Now 16 + 72 = 88, the sum to be multiplied; th. 88 X 20 X 2 = 3520 cubic feet, the content required. PROBLEM XXTX. 43. To find the content of the frustum of a square fyramid ABODE FGH, made by a section parallel to the base. RULE. To the areas of the ends add the product of their sides, multiply the sum by a third part of the altitude, and the pro- duct will give the content. For let the sections fgil, efmn be made parallel to the planes ah, hc, and the frustum will be divided into the 2k 258 Measurer, Practical, prism NLiDEFGH, the wedge mcilfg, and the pavilion roof ABMNEF ; now calling the altitude «, and finding the con- tents of those parts according to the preceding rules, their sum (properly ordered) will be expressed by AB^ + EF^-j-AB X EF X I? which gives the rule above. EXAMPLE. What is the content of the frustum of a pyramid 60 feet high, whose ends are 16 and 13 feet square? Now 16 X 16=256, 13 X 13= 169, and 16 X 13 = 208, which are the areas of the ends, and the product of their sides; th. 256 X 169 X 208 = 633, the sum to be multi- plied; th. 633 X 20 = 12660, the content required. PROBLEM XXX. 44. To find the content of a prismoid abcdefgh, being a solid contained under six planes; the bases or ends are parallel rectangles or oblongs^ and the four sides are quad- rangles. A B RULE. To the areas of the ends, add the product of the sums of their lengths and breadths ; multiply this sum by a sixth part of the altitude, and the product will give the content. For let the sections fgil, efmn be made parallel to the planes ah, hc, and the prismoid will be divided into the prism nlidefgh, the wedge mcilfg, and the pavi- lion roof abmnef ; now calling the altitude «, and finding the contents of these parts by the preceding rules, their sum (properly ordered) will be expressed by ab X bc -|- ef X FG + AB -f- ef V Bc + FG X ^, which givcs I the rule above. 259 Measurer, Practical. EXAMPLE. What is the content of a canal 304 feet by 20 at top, 300 feet by 16 at bottom, and 5 feet deep ? Now 304x20=: 6080 300 X 16=: 4800 And 604 X 36::= 21744, which are the numbers to be added. Th. 6080 + 4800 + 21744 + 32644, the sum to be multiplied ; th. 32624 X ^ = 27186 the content required. PROBLEM XXXI. 45. To find the content of a cylinder abcd. RULE. Multiply the area of the base by the altitude of the cylin- der, and the product will express the content. For all prisms and cylinders of equal base and altitude are equal, and therefore must be determined by the products of their bases and altitudes. EXAMPLE. What is the content of a cylinder 3 feet diameter, and 6 feet high ? Now 3 X 3 = 9, the square of the diameter. Th. 14 : 11 : : 9 : 7,07, the area of the base. Th. 7,07 X 6 = 42,42 the content required. PROBLEM XXXII. 46. To find the content of a triangular cistern^ whose hot- torn is the sector of a circle. 260 Measurer, Practical. RULE. Multiply the area of the bottom in inches, by the depth in inches ; divide the product by 282, and the quotient will be the content in gallons. For this solid is evidently a portion of a cylinder, and consequently must be determined by a similar rule. EXAMPLE. What is the content of a cistern whose bottom is a quarter of a circle 21 inches in semi-diameter, and whose depth is 42 inches ? Now by rule 4, article 25, the area of a circle 21 inches in semi-diameter is 1386, its fourth part 346,5 is the area of the bottom of the cistern, and 346,5 x 42 = 14553, the content in cubic inches, which, divided by 282, gives 51,6 gallons, the content required. PROBLEM XXXIII. 47. The bung diameter^ head diameter^ and length of a cash (within side) being given ; to find the content of a cylin- der nearly equal to it^ which is called gauging the cash. RULE *. To the head diameter add seven tenth parts of the differ- ence between the bung and head diameters, and the sum will be a mean diameter of the cask, or the diameter of a cylinder equal to the cask. Multiply the square of the mean diameter, the length of the cask, and 0,78 together, and the product will be the content nearly. Note. * The number (t^^) used in finding a mean diame- ter, is thought the best adapted to a general rule. 261 Measurer, Practical. EXAMPLE. What is the content of a cask whose bung diameter, head diameter, and length are 32,26 and 40 inches, (within side) respectively ? Now 32 — 26 = 6, the difference of diameters, and 6 X 0,7 =4,2 the number to be added ; th. 26 + 4,2 =30,2, the mean diameter, whose square is 30,2 X 30^2 or 912,04; th. 912,04x40x0,78=2845, the content in cubic inches, which, divided separately by 282 and 231, will give 101 ale, and 123 wine gallons, the contents required. PROBLEM XXXIV. 48. To find the content of a cone abc. c RULE. Multiply the area of the base by a third part of the alti- tude, and the product will give the content. Because a cone is a third part of a cylinder, having the same base and altitude ? EXAMPLE. What is the content of a cone whose base is 3 feet diame- ter, and altitude is 6 feet 1 Now 3 X 3 zi 9, the square of the diameter of the base. And 14 : 11 :: 9 : 7,07, the area of the base. Th. 7,07 X 2 ZI 14,14, the content required. PROBLEM XXXV. 49. To find the content of the frustum of a cone abcd, made by a section farallel to the base. Measurer, Practical. 262 i'- h G H J5 RULES. To the squares of the | ^J^^^ters | ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^ ( circumrerences j their product ; multiply the sum by the altitude of the frus- tum, and the product which arises by < n'j^pf*/? [ and this last product will give the content. For suppose e the vertex of the complete cone, and the triangle abe a section through the axis ; draw dl parallel to EB, and let fall the perpendiculars df, eg, ch. Now LB is equal to DC, and the triangles ald, abe, dce are equiangular ; th. al : df : : ab : eg : : dc : ei ; whence the altitudes eg, ei are determined; now calling the diame- ters of the ends d, d, their circumferences c, c ; and finding the contents of the cones abe, dce, by article 46 ; their difference will produce the following expressions, namely, 1. abcd z=d^ + c^* + d X f bearing. u inches per inch in width 2 do. do. 21 do. - do. 3 do. do. 31 do. - 4p. 4 do. do. 5 4J do. - do. 5 5 do. do. 5 5^ do. - do. 5 6 do. do. 7 61 do. - do. 7 7 do. do. 10 7J do. - do. 10 8 do. do. 10 81 do. - do. 10 9 do. do. 10 9i do. - do. 10 « 10 do. do. 10 2m £ s. (L Millwrights' Work,. Riggers of wood, above 20 inches diameter, single grooved, and made of 4 inch elm. per foot diam. 18 double ditto, ditto - per foot 16 under 18 inches - - do. 16 double ditto - - - do. 16 under 12 ditto - - do. 16 iron covered with wood, for straps or ropes - - per foot 3 3 Screws. See Ironmongery to Carpenter, Shafts of Ctist iron, Diameter of bearing. Per inch superficial, collars included. - Per inch in engtli between collars, the collars included. Per bearing, the length equal to the diameter. iuches. 2 d. 3J s. d. 4 6 €. d, 9 3 3 4 6 13 6 4 2J 4 lOJ 17 6 . 5 2J ' 5 3 16 3: 6 21 6 8 1 14 7 2J 6 1 2 2 4 8 2\ 6 9 2 14 3 9 2J 7 4 3 5 7 10 2} 7 11 3 19 3 280 £ s. Millwrights' Work. Shafts of cast iron. Per lb., Size of shaft, square 2 inches Weight per foot run. - 12* lbs. two bearings, turned pattern included. - 5H 2J 19J 5 3 - - 28 - - ^ 3J . 381 - 4J 4 - . 50 - - 4i H - 63 4 5 - - 78 — - 4 5J . 94 4 6 - - 112 - - 4 6i - 132 3| 7 - - 153 - - 3f 7i - 175 31 8 - . 200 - - 31 8J . 225 3f 9 - - 252 . - 3f 9* - 280 31 10 - - 312 - - 3J Round shafts with the parts turned to receive wheels, «&c. in addition to two bearings, from 5d. to per lb. 6 Shafts of wood, elm of all sizes - per foot cube fir ditto - - do. oak, 18 inches diam. and underdo, 2 feet diameter do. the above includes mortising and let- ting in the gudgeons. the size of the shaft to be measured in the largest place. 8 7 9 11 281 Millwrights' Work. - Staves of beech or horn beam, turned, per foot run 16 Stone boxes. See Boxes. Wal lowers, with staves per foot diam. 3 17 Wash wheels, the rings, arms, and sides of elm, ribs of fir, 6 feet diameter and 4 feet wide per foot diam. 5 5 ditto ditto, 7 feet \ ditto ditto do. If 3 ditto ditto do. H 2\ ditto ditto do. li 2 ditto ditto do. 1 4 inch sunk or shadowed do. 4 31 ditto ditto do. 3J 3 ditto ditto do. 3 2| ditto ditto do. 2i 2 ditto ditto do. 2 4 ditto 3 colours do. 6 34 ditto ditto do. 5i 3 ditto ditto do. 4i 2\ ditto ditto do. 3f 2 ditto ditto do. 3 gilt, under 4 inches high per inch ^ ditto 4 to 8 inches do. 2 ditto 8 to 12 do. do. n if shaded, add one half-penny ; if dou- ble, one penny. Day work, painter Putty White lead Prepared oil Oil of turpentine per day 5 6 per lb. 6 do. 8 per quart 2 6 do. 4 6 302 Painters' Work. £ 5. a. do. 1 4 do. 1 4 each 6 • do. 7J Brushes - - each 3 6 Tools - - - do. 1 Labour only is taken at one-third of the whole amount of the bill for all mate- rials. Painter, of wrought iron, steeled and tempered for turning sugar mill rollers each 10 Pales, oak cleft 6 ft. long, 4 score to the hundred 14 ditto 5 ft. do. 5 do. ditto 4 ft. do. 6 do. ditto 5 ft. pale boards ditto 6 ft. do. Palm, a measure of 3 inches. Pantiles. See Tile, Paper. The breadth of paper for hanging rooms being 20 inches broad, therefore any number of superficial feet, divided by five, will give the quantity of yards of paper necessary to paper the room. Covering. See covering. Emery - - per quire 18 Glass - - - do. 1 2 Parasang, an antient Persian measure, different at different times and in different places; being sometimes 30, some- times 40, and sometimes 50 stadia or furlongs. Paris, plaster of. See Plaster, Partition, wood. See Carpenter. Patent, axletree. See Axletree, Expense of taking out - - 114 303 £ s, d. TENT, Expense of taking, agreeably to the fol- lowing bill from an eminent Solicitor, each patent 113 15 U Copy of Bill. Affidavit and petition for English duty and oath 1 5 3 The like Scotch 1 5 3 The like Irish - 1 5 3 Paid for reference on peti- tion for English patent - 2 2 6 Paid for Report 4 4 ditto King's warrant 7 13 6 ditto Attorney General's bill and transcripts - 18 19 ditto King's bill 7 13 6 ditto signet bill - ■ 4 7 ditto privy seal bill - 4 2 charges at the great seal 49 18 2 Soliciting 10 10 Letters, &c. 10 6 113 15 11 Patterns, wheels, &c. See Millwiight^ Work, Making, system of Provide four oak boards, well clamped at the ends to prevent their casting, let in plates and square sockets flush to receive pivot centres; be careful that they are very exact in size with each other, that you may change the pivots at pleasure. Prepare about twelve pivot centres to pass the sockets, of course correct- ness in size must also be attended to. Two or three fly centre plates will be required, that they may work round these pivots with the turn plates at- tached to them. 304 Pattern making, system of. Having drawn the design at large, trace it through oiled paper upon a turn plate of lime-tree plank, about §ths of an inch thick, bevelled at the back edge, having first struck a right angle for the centre and board line. Procure from the Potter's at Vauxhall one cwt. of black modeller's clay; work so much round the pivot as the pattern seems to demand ; turn gently the plate until you have obtained the form required. Divide into two, three, or four compartments, as may best suit the design, and model one of them; remove the remainder of the clay, and take a waste mould of your model, from which you will take so many squeezes as will complete the circumference of the pattern; put them together, dress them, and finish the whole as highly as you wish the pattern to be when worked; shake charcoal over it, and work it again with the spatula, and it is now ready for casting. Take pounded pumice stone, plaster of Paris, Stourbridge clay washed and pulverized (or, in lieu of the last, Flanders' brick) and make of them a solution as will pour over the work in the manner cf a waste mould; when dry, take out the clay, and dress it where it may be necessary ; lay it on its face upon a moulding-board and work it into an odd side, serve the sand well with brick-dust, blowing it off the mould, mould the male side to it, face 305 Pattern making, system of. it well with charcoal and double mould it, and place it to dry. Prepare an oak board about 18 inches long, with two brass parallel slips about ^th thick, 3 inches apart; roll some clay evenly within them, and place it between the sides of the mould, this gives the thickness proper for the re- verse; screw the mould to a proper pitch, and it is ready for pouring. Take bismuth 81bs., lead 3 lbs., tin 5 lbs., melt it and pour the mould. Remember to apply all requisite fixings, sets off, socket parts, &c. before you chase it, which will rarely be required if due care is taken in the model. Paving, act. Abstract of. That no person shall, without licence or authority from the commissioners, alter, or cause to be altered, the form of the pavement of any of the streets, lanes, squares, yards, courts, alleys, passages, or places, which, by virtue of this Act, shall be under their management, or in any way encroach upon or break up the same without leave, except for the purpose of taking up, laying down, or repairing any water pipe or pipes under the same; and every person so offending, shall, for every such of- fence, forfeit and pay the sum* of 51. over and above the expence of relay- ing the same according to the orders and directions of the said commis- sioners, the penalty and expenses to be recovered by action of debt, bill, 2 Q £ s. d. 306 Paving, act. Abstract of, plaint, or information, in any of His Majesty's Courts of Record at West- minster, or within the City of London, in the name of the principal clerk to the commissioners for the time being, to be commenced within six calender months next after the commission of such offence; in which action or suit no protection, privilege, essoign, or wager of law, nor more than one im- parlance shall be allowed. Pavers' Work, 7 inch pebble 9 ditto 7 inch granite 9 ditto Purbeck squares - £ t. d. per yard do. do. do. do. do. Labour and gravel relaying do. 2\ inch York - per foot super. Maidstone rag 3 do. do. - 3 do. moor-stone Moor-stone curb York ditto - Purbeck channel York ditto - do. do. per foot run do. do. do. Old paving squared and relaid per ft. super. Old curb reset Coal hole plates let in Day-work, paver - labourer Gravel Pebbles Rag stones Paving. 8ee Bricklayer. Clinker (Dutch), See Clinkers, do. each per day do. per load per ton do. 5 6 6 9 12 9 4 10 6 1 12 per yard 1 do. 18 do. 14 307 Paving stone. Sec Mason. Street, of cast iron for court yards - for stables Peak, millstone. See Millstone. Pear-tree, specific gravity per foot cube, 42 lbs. Pebble, paving. See Paver ^ Work, Peck, dry measure, a measure of two gallons, containing 537J cube inches, or the fourth part of a bushel. A peck of salt is 14 lbs. A peck loaf of bread weighs 17 lbs. 6 oz. 1 dr. Peeler, bark, an instrument for peeling the bark off fruit trees, recommended by Sir John Sinclair - - each 12 Pennyweight, a Troy weight, being the 20th part of an ounce, containing 24 grains ; each gi*ain weighing a grain of wheat. Perch, in land, measuring a rod or pole of \^\ feet in length, of which 40 in length and 4 in breadth make an acre of ground. But by the customs of several counties, there is a difference in this measure. In Staffordshire it is 24 feet ; and in the forest of Sherwood 25 feet, the foot being there 18 inches ; and in Herefordshire a perch of ditch- ing is 21 feet, the perch of walling is 16i feet, and a pole of denshired ground is 12 feet, &c, PHiETON. See Carriages. Pilasters, cast iron, for park or lodge with vases or crest Plain pattern Ornamented each 12 12 per cwt. 1 6 do. 1 308 Pilasters, cast iron, Plain pattern, framed to form ditto, simply ornamented ditto, richly ornamented Pipe, of wine, Lisbon, 116| gallons, Port 115 do. Madeira 92 do. Sherry 108 do. VidonialOO do. Pipe, cast iron, for rain water, 2 inch Heads for ditto Shoes for ditto - 2J inch ditto Heads for ditto - Shoes for ditto 3 inch ditto - Heads for ditto Shoes for ditto 3 J inch ditto - Heads for ditto Shoes for ditto - 4 inch ditto Heads for ditto Shoes for ditto Cast iron, water, 2 inches bore - £ s d. a pier. per cvvt. 1 8 do. 1 12 do. 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Curved pipes from 16s. to per yard each 3 3 6 6 do. 2 6 per yard each 4 4 . do. 3 per yard each 4 4 6 3 - do. 3 6 per yard each 5 5 do. 4 per yard each 5 5 6 6 . do. 4 6 per yard . do. 3 4 9 9 do. 6 - do. 8 6 do. 9 6 . do. 11 6 do. 15 • do. 2 do. 5 - do. 8 do. 13 per cwt. 4 309 Pipe, cast iron, The weight of cast iron pipes, 12 inches long, in lbs. avoirdupois. Diam. of bore. 1 4 f 1 1 1 U 1| If 2 Inch. 1 ^} I 2 21 3 31 4 ^ 5 5i 6 61 7 7i 8 8J 9 9J 10 lOJ 11 111 lbs. 305 4-28 5-5 6-73 7-95 915 10-4 11-62 12-8 lbs. 5 85 69 8-7 10-5 12-5 14-25 16- 17-9 20- 21-8 23-6 25-4 27- 28-8 31- lbs. 7-35 10-6 12-2 14-6 171 19-5 22- 24-4 26-8 29-3 31-75 342 36-5 39- 41-4 43-8 46-3 48-6 511 53-6 56-2 58-5 lbs. 12-9 16-6 20-2 23-5 27-4 31- 34-7 38-3 42- 45-6 49-5 52-8 56-6 60-3 64- 67-5 71-2 74-8 78-5 82-5 86- 89-5 lbs. 19-7 24-4 29-25 34-2 39- 43-9 4S'8 53-7 58-6 63-5 68-5 73-2 78- 83- 87-5 92-4 97-5 102-5 107- 112-4 117- 122- lbs. 39-5 46-6 51-75 58- 64-75 70-5 76-3 82-5 88-2 94-6 101- 107- 112-8 119- 125- 131- 137- 143- 149- 155- lbs. ■ 80-5 87-5 95-4 103- 1 lo- in- 125- 132- 139- 146- 154- 161- 169- 176- 183- 191- lbs. 133- 141- 150- 158- 166- 175- 183- 192- 200- 209- 217- 227- lbs. 156- 166- 176- 186- 196- 206- 216- 226- 336- 246- 255- 265- 310 Pipe, cast iron, The weight of cast iron pipes, 12 inches long, in lbs. avoirdupois. Diam. of bore. i f 1 U U If 2 Inch. 12 lbs. 61- lbs. 93-5 lbs. 127- lbs. 161- lbs. 198 lbs. 235- lbs. 275- 12i 63-5 97-3 132- 167- 205 243- 285- 13 66- 101- 137- 173-5 212 252- 294- 13i 68-4 104-8 141-5 179- 219 260- 304- 14 71- 108-2 146- 185- 227 269- 314- Ui 734 112-3 151- 192- 234 277- 324- 15 75-8 115-7 156- 198- 242 286- 334- I5i 78-1 119- 161- 204- 250 295- 344- 16 80-7 123- 166- 211- 257 303- 353- 161 831 126-5 170-5 217- 264 312- 363- 17 85-5 130- 175-5 223- 271 322- 373- 17i 87-8 133-5 180-5 229- 278 • 330- 383- 18 90-5 137- 185- 235- 285 • 338- 393- 181 93- 140-5 190- 241- 293 • 347- 402- 19 95-5 144-8 195- 247- 300 - 354- 412- 191 97-8 148-5 200- 253- 307 • 363- 422- 20 100- 152- 205- 259- 315 372- 432- 20J 102-5 156- 210- 265- 323 381- 442- 21 105- 159-5 215- 271- 330 390- 452- 2li 107-5 163- 220- 277- 337 398- 461- 22 no- 166-5 226- 283- 344 408- 471- 311 £ s. d. Pipe, cast iron, For water spouts per yard 5 Fountain head for ditto each 5 Copper per lb. 1 9 Small or crooked ditto do. 2 2 Tinned inside and out, IJ inch per foot 2 Udo. . . do. 2 6 2 do. do. 3 2Jdo. - do. 4 6 Earthenware 2^ do. do. 9 3 do. - - do. 10 3J do. do. 1 Elm 2 do. diameter. \yer yard 3 3 do. do. do. 3 8 4 do. do. do. 4 10 5 do. do. do. 6 6 do. do. do. 8 6 7 do. do. do. 9 6 8 do. do. do. 13 3 9 do. do. do. 17 Lead ^ inch cast per foot 7 f do. do. - do. 10 1 do. do. - do. 1 6 Udo. do. - do. 1 10 l^do. do. - do. 2 3 2 do. do. . do. 3 3 inch milled, rain, or fun- nel per foot 2 6 3J do. do. do. 3 4 do. do. do. 4 4J do. do. do. 5 5 do. do. do. 6 5J do. do. do. 7 IJ do. soldered do 1 6 \i do. do. do. 2 2 do. do. do. 3 31-2 Pipe £ s. d. Patent lead pipe. BORE. PER FOOT. Common Middling Strong Inch. s. d. 8. d. s. d. 1 4 5 J 1 6i 7i 81 1 n lU 1 o" u 1 1 2 1 3 n 1 3 1 5 1 6 If 1 6 1 8 1 10 2 2 2 3 2 6 2f 2 6 2 10 3 2 3 3 2 3 6 4 Steam. The steam pipe of an engine generally consists of the 24th part of the cylinder ; for instance, the cy- linder 26 inches diameter, thus : 26 X 26zi676 x ,7854 = 530,9304; area of cylinder, 530 inches. The pipe 5 inches diameter, then 5 X 5 = 25 X ,7854 =: 19,6350, 19,5x24 = 468. From this it will appear, that a cylinder of 26 inches diameter will require the steam pipe to be 5 inches diameter, or thereabouts. Pitch - - - per lb. 3 Planes, Bench, smoothing, single iron, Jack, 1 1 to 2^ inch each 2 2 ditto 2i do. do. 2 6 ditto - - 2f do. do. 2 8 ditto 2h do. do. 2 10 double iron 2J do. do. 3 6 ditto - - 21 do. do. 3 10 ditto 2| do. do. 4 ditto - -: 2i do. do. 4 2 single 14 do. do. 2 9 ditto - 17 do. do. 3 2 ditto fore - 17 do. do. 4 3 313 £ s. d. Planes, bench. Trying, single trying 22 inch each 4 6 ditto ditto 24 do. do. 4 10 Pannel - do. 3 6 Long ditto 26 do. do. 5 2 ditto - 28 do. do. 5 9 jointer 30 do. do. 6 Jack double 14 do. do. 4 6 ditto 17 do. do. 4 9 Trying fore - 17 do. do. 5 9 ditto 22 do. do. 6 2 ditto . 24 do. do. 6 6 Pannel double - do. 5 2 Long ditto - 26 do. do. 6 10 ditto 28 do. do. 7 6 jointer 30 do. do. 8 Block single strait . do. 3 double . do. 4 6 mitred iron reversed and box stop do. 9 ditto small steel do. do. 1 1 ditto full sized do. do. 1 5 ditto brass sides do. do. 1 8 Smoothing, single iron compass do. 3 6 double ditto - do. 4 box stop ditto - do. G 6 tooth, one iron - - do. 3 ditto two irons . do. 4 3 single hollow - do. 3 6 double ditto - do. 6 gentlemen's - do. 1 9 jack - do. 2 4 modelling box - - do. 3 6 single iron hand raising, fenced do. 5 double ditto ditto do. 5 9 single fenced and full grooved do. 6 ditto ja«k ditto fenced do. 7 9 ditto double ditto do. 8 6 2r 314 £ 5. d. Plan ESS, bench, Smoothing, double hand jack fenced each 7 ditto double ditto do. 8 ditto fenced and full grooved do. 8 4 ditto jack ditto do. 10 ditto ditto with fence - do. 11 handrail do. 5 4 ditto slip fence - do. 6 Cooper's jointer 5 ft. in. do. 12 ditto - 5 6 do. 13 ditto - 6 do. 14 ditto 2 mouths 6 do. 17 6 double iron 5 do. 16 3 ditto - 5 6 do. 18 ditto - - 6 do. 19 Astragal J to | inch do. 2 6 J do. - - do. 2 8 1 do. do. 2 10 boxed molding to ^ inch do. 3 3 and hollow sash - do. 3 2 ditto quirk boxed do. 3 8 ditto full ditto - do. 4 ditto dovetail ditto - do. 5 9 a set of six per set 16 2 templets per pair 1 6 Bead ts to | inch - each 2 10 J do. - do. 3 slip to i inch - do. 3 2 thick boxed \ inch - do. 3 6 shoulder boxed - - do. 4 dovetailed ditto do. 4 3 to stick torus to J inch do. 3 10 ditto - i do. do. 4 ditto 1 do. do. 4 3 dovetailed box to f do. do. 6 ditto J do. do. 6 ditto 1 do. do. 6 3 315 £ s. d. Planes, bench, Bead, a set of 9 best slipped per set 1 10 8 ditto dovetailed boxed do. 2 8 cock beads each 2 10 ditto double do. 3 2 base planes for drawers do. 3 3 cove and beads j to f inch do. 3 6 ditto ditto J do. do. .0 3 9 ditto ditto 1 do. do. 4 ditto ditto 1^ do. do. 4 4 ditto ditto \\ do. do. 4 8 double square to f do. do. 3 10 ditto 1 and J do. do. 4 2 ditto 1 inch do. 4 6 ditto 1 J do. do. 4 10 ditto IJ do. do. 5 2 Chair foot do. 3 2 Cornice, to 4^ inch ogee do. 10 larger - - per inch 2 6 if made in one plane do. 2 3 Dovetail for keying dado each 5 ditto shoulder boxed do. 5 9 ditto ditto brass top do. 6 6 ditto ditto shoulder boxed do. 7 3 Filister moving with wood stop do. 5 ditto screw at side do. 5 6 boxed edge and tooth do. 6 9 brass side stop - do. 7 3 ditto brass screw at top do. 8 3 ditto plough stop do. 9 6 ditto ditto dovetailed box do. 10 6 sash with slip stop - - do. 8 ditto plough stop do. 10 6 ditto shoulder boxed - do. 11 6 ditto ferruled one end - do. 12 6 ditto both ends - . do. 14 ditto ditto extra work do. 16 Planes, 316 Filister sash, with tooth - each ditto dovetailed boxed do. ditto iron screw stems do. side filisters - - do. drawers ditto - - do. ditto brass slip stop and boxed do. Fluting - - - do. ditto cut out behind - do. ditto for bed pillars - do. ditto ditto boxed - do. ditto ditto brass - do. Grooving, slit deal - - per pair ditto with moving fence, with 3 irons ditto - per pair ditto clamping do. 1 iron do. do. ditto large as Jack plane do. dado grooving wood stop each ditto ditto plough ^ do. drawer bottom grooving - do. ditto ditto boxed - do. bevel grooving for book-case do. Hollows and rounds - per pair ditto joiner's 18 pair per set ditto cabinet 14 pair do. ditto joiner's with snipes' bills, &c. complete per set ditto cabinet ditto do. Hand-rail - - - each ditto slip fence - do. ditto set of 3 best - do. Necking - - do. ditto linch - - do. ditto boxed - do. ditto ditto 1 inch - do. ditto to work part of cove do. £ s. cL 17 6 19 1 6 2 6 2 8 6 6 2 10 3 2 3 9 4 9 11 6 6 6 13 6 11 6 16 4 9 7 2 8 3 8 6 4 8 4 4 3 5 4 5 8 4 4 9 4 5 4 6 18 3 6 3 4 4 3 317 Planes, £ s. d. Ogee, common to f inch - each 2 6 ditto I and J do. - do. 2 10 ditto 1 inch - do. 3 2 ditto slip to I inch do. 3 2 ditto I and \ do. - do. 3 6 ditto 1 inch - do. 3 10 ditto IJdo. - - do. 4 2 ditto IJ do. - do. 4 6 ditto quirk - - do. 3 6 ditto slip to f inch - do. 3 10 ditto j and I do. - do. 4 3 ditto 1 inch - - do. 4 8 ditto l^do. - - do. 5 ditto IJ do. - do. 5 6 ditto base - - do. 3 3 quirk ditto with raised heads do. 5 back - - do. 3 3 ditto double square - do. 4 ditto with bead - - do. 5 ditto ditto \ inch do. 5 4 ditto ditto 1 do. do. 5 8 ditto ditto \\ do. do. 6 ditto ditto \\ do. do. 6 4 ditto with square at top do. 6 ditto ditto I inch do. 6 4 ditto ditto 1 do. do. 6 8 ditto ditto \\ do. do. 7 ditto ditto \\ do. do. 7 4 ditto fore and bead do. 3 9 ditto ditto J inch do. 4 ditto ditto 1 do. do. 4 3 ditto ditto \\ do. do. 4 6 ditto ditto U do. do 4 9 318 £ s, d. LANES, Ogee, ' quirk and bead each 5 ditto f and f inch do. 6 3 ditto 1 inch do. 5 6 ditto 1 J do. do. 5 9 ditto IJ do. do. 6 quirk and astragal - each 4 9 ditto f and I inch do. 5 ditto 1 inch do. 5 3 ditto 11 do. do. 5 6 ditto IJ do. do. 5 9 Old woman's tooth - do. 1 9 Ovolo 4 to f inch do. 2 9 ditto 1 inch do. 3 ditto 1 do. - do. 3 3 ditto set of 7 per set 1 ditto sash - per pair 5 6 ditto with templets do. 7 quirked J to f inch do. 3 8 ditto J inch do. 4 ditto 1 do. do. 4 4 ditto and beads f to f inch do. 5 4 ditto ditto I inch do. 5 8 ditto ditto 1 do. do. 6 ditto ditto set of 6 do. 1 13 ditto and astragal do. 5 4 ditto ditto I inch do. 5 8 ditto ditto 1 do. do. 6 ditto ditto set of 6 1 13 boxed small - do. 3 9 ditto large - do. 4 ditto and dovetailed - do. 5 3 ditto ditto large do. 5 9 Plough, wood stop, 6 irons each 13 6 ditto screw stop, 8 irons do. 18 ditto ferruled 1 end do. 19 ditto ditto both . do. 1 319 Planes Plough, best work each 1 2 ditto iron screw stems do. 1 8 ditto ivory guage do. 1 15 ditto small circular do. 1 4 ditto large for straight and cir- cular. each 1 16 ditto moving plates for sundry sweeps each 3 Picture frame do. 5 ditto Italian do. 5 6 Rabbet, square - do. 2 6 Skew ditto to IJ inch do. 2 9 ditto U do. do. 3 ditto If do. - do. 3 3 ditto 2 do. do. 3 6 ditto boxed edges do. 5 ditto double irons - do. 6 9 ditto with tooth extra - do. 6 Reed - 2 reeds do. 4 6 ditto 3 do. - do. 5 ditto 4 do. . do. 5 9 ditto 5 do. - do. 6 6 ditto 6 do. - do. 7 6 ditto with moving fence do. 10 6 ditto circular for framing do. 5 6 ditto ditto 4 reeds do. 6 4 ditto ditto 5 db. - do. 7 2 ditto ditto for framing with square do. 5 10 ditto ditto 4 reeds do. 6 6 ditto ditto 5 do. - do. 7 6 ditto circular for pannels fin. do. 5 9 ditto ditto i do. 5 9 ditto ditto 1 do. 6 ditto ditto f do. 6 3 ditto ditto 1 do. 6 6 2m £ s. d. Planes, Reed, circular for pannels 1 inch each 6 9 ditto dumb - do. 4 6 ditto with fence do. 5 10 ditto with single reed do. 4 ditto fenced ditto - - do. 4 9 Side rabbet do. 2 8 Side rounds - do. 2 6 Snipes' bills do. 3 3 side ditto - - do. 3 9 Shutter per pair 5 6 Quarter rounds each 2 6 ditto with fence do. 3 3 Tambour do. 3 G Table - per pair 4 8 V's ... each 5 6 *LANES for coachmakers, Smoothing - do. 3 6 Compass do. 4 2 ditto set of 6 - do. 1 5 Concave do. 4 2 Jack double toat - do. 5 Rabbet smoothing do. 4 2 T rabbet planes - do. 3 3 ditto compass do. 3 8 ditto ditto on side - do. 3 8 ditto ditto both ways do. 4 3 Spoke, plated - do. 8 Rabbet ditto double irons do. 13 Sidelight ditto - - do. 10 Jarvis ditto do. 10 Fibster ditto - -- do. 10 Shaft ovolos do. 7 6 Tonguing •^ do. 6 6 Glueing do. 4 6 Grooving plough, 1 iron > do. 8 6 Boxing do. do. 8 321 Planes, &c. for Coachmakers, Double routers plated Pistol ditto Fence grooving ditto ditto plated ditto Single ditto ditto Boxing routers Planing, Machinery, for flooring and oilier pur- poses. Battens and deals prepared and wrought to a thickness at the following prices, £ s. d. each 10 do. 7 6 do. 5 6 do. 6 6 do. 3 3 do. 3 6 Length Battfns Deals Grooved and Feathered. Battens. 1 Deals. I ; 12 d. 2J d. 2|- d. 31 d. 4i 14 21 3i 4i 4f 16 3 4 4f •5i 18 3J 4i 5} 6 20&21 4 5 6i 7 Matched boarding same price as grooved and feathered flooring. The deals, &c. after being sawn, are to be re- turned free of expense. Plank. 3 inch Dantzic, Memel, or Swede, per foot run. 9 3 ditto Quebec - do. 7 The above are to be II inches wide. 600 feet superficial of planks, reduced to the thickness of an inch, make 1 load. Plaster, of Paris - - per bag 10 2s 322 Plasterers' Work. Cement mastic, plain face on brick, per it super. 7 ditto circular on plan do. 9 ditto plain mouldings do. 2 9 ditto ditto circular - do. 3 4 arris per ft. run. 3 reveals, margins, fascias do. 7 roman, on brick - per yard 4 6 ditto jointed and coloured do. 5 6 mouldings per ft. super. 2 6 ditto jointed and coloured do. 2 8 plain friezes - do. 6 ditto jointed and coloured do. 8 arris per ft. run. 2 ditto circular - do. 3 4 inch reveals do. 6 ditto circular - do. 8 5 inch reveals do. 7 ditto circular - do. 9 Colouring wash stop and white, com- mon colour per yard 3 ditto straw or buff colour do. 4 ditto and grey . do. 5 Cornices, &c. 3 inches girt plain per ft. run. 3J 4 do. do. - do. 4 5 do. do. do. 5 6 do. do. - do. 6 7 do. do. do. 7 8 do. do. . do. 8 9 do. and all above per ft. super. 1 enriched mouldings cast solid to 1 inch girt per ft. super. 3 ditto IJ do. do. 4* ditto 2 do. do. 6 ditto 2J do. do. n ditto 3 do. do. 9 323 d. Plasterers' Work. Cornices, &c. enriched hollow members put up se- parate to 1 inch girt per ft. super, ditto U do. do. ditto 2 do. do. ditto 2J do. do. ditto 3 do. do. if circular add one-third, gollos IJ inches wide do ditto 2 do. and flower do. ditto 3 do - do. ditto 4 do. - do. ditto 6 do. and the flower put single - per foot super. 13 Frets, flutings, &c. the same price, enrichments to friezes, &c.. 4 6 8 10 1 5 6 9 1 4 inches wide per ft. super. 1 ditto 5 do. do. 1 3 ditto 6 do. - do. 1 6 ditto 7 do. - do. 1 9 ditto 8 do. - do. 2 husks cast and fixed in festoons or drops - per ft. super. 10 festoons to husks or leaves by hand, in stucco - per ft. super. 16 laurel leaves and berries worked by hand - per ft. super. 2 6 oak leaves and acorns, or ivy leaves and berries per ft. super. vine leaves and grapes do. foliage ditto - do. fan ornaments common size do. Floors, counter floors on reeds or laths, one strong coat of lime and hair, per yard 9 3 3 6 3 6 1 3 324 d. Plasterers' Work. Floors, counter floors on reeds or laths, with burnt plaster, one inch thick - - per square 1 10 plaster floors grey, 2| inches thick. on reeds and laths per square 3 3 ditto red - - do. 4 8 Lathing and plastering. lathing only - per yard 10 ditto one coat - do. 1 4 ditto do. and set - do. 1 7 ditto do. do. and circular do. 2 1 floated lath and plaster set do. 1 10 ditto do. and circular do 2 4 ditto do. spherical or to groins. 7 21 3 3 4 5 per foot 5 spherical lath and plaster to heads of niches - per foot floated frieze on laths per foot super. ditto and set - do. soffits on laths floated and set do. ditto circular - - do. ditto elliptical - do. circular soffits bead and flush, 3 pan- nels on laths per ft. super. 10 ditto ogee and bead sunk, 3 pannels on laths - per ft. super. 16 Mouldings, beads, &c. cutting quirks to wood ditto do. circular bead and quirk ditto and double quirk circular ditto ditto on a circular or elliptical plan, per ft. run. 8 beads. per ft. run. 1^^ do. 2 do. 3 do. 4 - do. 6 3^ £ *. d. Plasterers' Work. Mouldings, beads, &c. astragal, ogee, or ovolo per ft. run. 3 ditto do. circular do. 4 reed mouldings to form pannels do. 4 ditto do. circular do. 5 compounded jnouldings 3 inches girt, per ft. run. 3} ditto 4 inch girt do. 4 ditto 5 do. do. 5 ditto 6 do. - ^ do. 6 if circular add one-third, and if ellipti- cal, one-half. Pugging coarse stuff and chopped hay, Ij inch thick on sound boarding, per yard 5 on single fir laths, l^ inch thick, with lime and hair per yard 1 4 Rendering one coat do. 6 ditto and set do. 9 circular ditto do. 1 floated and set do. 1 circular ditto - do. 1 4 chimnies rendered set and blacked. each 1 6 Rough cast 2 coats on brick per yard 1 6 ditto circular ditto do. 2 rough cast on laths do. 2 4 circular ditto do. 3 Rustics raised and chamfered per foot 1 old ditto repaired do. 2 plain raised fascia do. 6 ditto key stone - - do. 1* 3 Stucco, bastard on brick per yard 1 6 circular ditto do. 2 bastard on lath do. 2 2 circular ditto - do. 2 11 3;,'6 £ s. d. Plasterers' Work. Stucco, trowelled on brick - per yard 2 3 circular ditto - do. 3 trowelled on lath - do. 3 1 circular ditto - do. 4 2 add extra for dado - do. 3 groins on brick - pel • foot super. 5 ditto on laths - do. c 6 circular on laths to backs of niches, pel L* foot super. 5 spherical ditto to heads of do. do. 8 reveals to windows 4 inch face, per ft. run. 4 circular ditto - do. 5 straight ditto, 8 inch face do. 6 circular ditto . do. 8 Wash stop and white. See Colouring. Day work, plasterer - per day 5 6 modeller do. 7 labourer . do. 3 8 boy do. 2 laths - per bundle 2 8 laths and nails - - do. 3 8 coarse stuff - per hod 10 outside lime and hair do. 1 running stuff - do. 1 2 fine stuff - do. 1 4 stucco - do. 2 putty - do. 2 plaster - - per cwt. 10 ditto per bag of 14 lb. - 1 4 ditto ditto - per lb. li Roman cement per bushel 4 Dorking lime - do. 2 washed Thames sand do. 6 327 s. per thousand 1 6 do. 10 - per firkin per gallon - per dozen 5 8 4 per lb. 4 per pail per single load double do. 1 3 6 6 6 Plasterers' Work. Day work, 2d. nails ditto cast do. double size ditto Whiting Blue black Size and whiting cartage ditto Plate, capoose, of steel, hardened, with both sides ground and polished each Oil Plate Glass. See Glass ; see also Glazier. Plate, screw, with taps various sizes - 15 Plates, wall, for wrought iron roofing per ft. run. 2 6 Wrought iron for roof covering, per square 5 size of plate 26 inches square, weight 10 lbs. coach - - per cwt. 1 12 Tongue and rivets of wrought iron, for carts - - per lb. 4 Pliars, for wire workers, &c. from 2^. to per pair 3 6 Plough, breast - - - each 110 Berwickshire - - do. 4 8 Cane, for making cane holes do. 10 Circular, 4 to a set - per set 2 2 Double furrowed, Lord Somerville's, each 8 8 Hampshire, patent No. 1, with screw gear and 2 wheels - - each 5 5 ditto No. 2 do. - - do. 5 15 6 ditto do. with one wheel - do. 4 14 6 ditto swing - - do. 4 Hoe, with cast iron share - do. 4 4 Northumberland, with circular coulters and hoes - - each 5 5 Indian - - do. 3 32« £ s. d. Plough. 4 4 8 8 5 5 )0 ro Mole, with one iron and chain draught, each ditto ditto - do. ditto with spare iron or miner do. ditto with windlass, chain, and an- chor, complete from £25 to each 50 and from £50 to - do. 7 One horse, wrought iron - do. 4 14 6 Pressing, with 2 wheels - do. 6 improved ditto with heavy wheels do. 7 ditto do. do. do. 8 8 Ribbing, for wheat sowing - do. 3 3 ditto with drill machine attached to sow under furrow - each 4 14 6 Scotch, wrought iron - - do. 6 smalls - - do. 4 8 ditto with chain draught - do. 4 10 of wrought iron with improved do. do. 6 6 and chain draught with elevated wing Swing, with cast or wrought iron shares each on mould board, each do. - do. do. - do. do. fitted up with wheels Northumberland turn rest ditto with wheels Scotch improved - Prices of the component parts, bodies, from I65. to mould plate wheels axle bed share shoe ground rest - each %s. to - do. IO5. Qd. to per pair each do. do. do. 5 10 5 15 7 7 4 8 5 5 7 7 4 15 1 4 10 14 5 2 6 2 6 2 329 Plough, Prices of the component parts, £ s. cl. collars with screw complete each 18 points Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 per dozen 12 ditto No. 5 - do. 15 coulters - - each 5 trees - - per pair 16 Ploughs, for Joiners, &c. See Planes. Plumbers' Work, Bosses, one inch - - each 3 five shilling - - do. 2 four shillino- - - do. 1 3 Cistern head, to receive water from gut- ters, circular, oval, or square, and ornamented - per cwt. 1 16 solder, holdfasts, and labour, fixing, per cwt. 4 Cistern, water, battened and ornamented, per cwt. 1 15 Cocks, 2 inch stop or fire cock per lb. 1 8 Ij do. cock each 16 IJ do. do. - do. 14 1 do. do. - - do. 9 6 ^ve shilling stop or bib - do. 6 ditto butt - - do. 6 6 four shilling top bib or ball do. 5 ditto ball cock ball, boss, and fixing. each 12 6 ditto butt - - do. 5 6 Copper covering, S. U. 14 oz. to the sq. ft. per ft, sup. 1 6 per sq. 7 10 16 ditto do. 1 8 do. 8 6 copper sheets above 16 ounces to the foot - per lb. 1 2 ditto under 16 ounces do. do. 1 3 2t 330 s. d. :s' Work, Copper covering, patent tinned, s. d. 10 oz. to the sq. ft. per ft. sup. 2 6 per sq. 18 do. do. 2 9 do. 12 13 10 15 20 do. do. 3 do. 15 The above prices include all expenses, turned copper sheets of all weights, per lb. 2 Ferules, 2 inches - - each 12 IJ do. - . do. 8 li do. - - do. 6 1 do. - - do. 3 f do. - - do. 2 a brass socket, plug, and strainer. each 3 Gutters, hips, ridges, &c. new cast sheet lead 7 lb. weight and upwards to the superficial foot, per cwt. laying do., solder and labour included, 1 milled lead under 7 lb. weight laying ditto as before allow for old lead in exchange ditto if not in exchange In weighing old lead an allowance is made of 4 lb. in the cwt. 1 12 C ir cwt. 4 do. 1 14 do. 4 do. 1 6 do. 1 Joints to pipes i inch 1 do. u do. 2 do. 21 do. each 2 do. 3 do. 5 do. 6 6 - do. 6 9 331 d. Plumbers' Work. Joints to pipes, 3 inch rain water eacli 3i- do. do. - do. 5 6 4 do. do. - do. 6 4 J do. funnel - do. 8 5 do. do. •• do. 9 5^ do. do. - do. 10 6 do. do. - do. 11 6J do. do. . do. 12 7 do. do. - do. 13 Labourer, in day work - per day 4 Pipe, copper pipe, 2| in. bore per foot 1 4 3 do. do. 1 9 3J do. do. 2 4 do. do. 2 3 elm pipe 4 inch bore, hooped and jointed - per foot 2 for larger sizes per inch in diani. 6 funnel, 4 inches - per foot 4 6 4A do. - do. 5 5 do. - - do 6 ^ 4o. - do. 7 rain water 3 do. - do. 3 31 do. - do. 3 6 4 do. ■• ■ ■ do. 4 lead 2 inches cast 28 lb. each yard per foot 4 U do. 20 1b. do. 2 9 \\ do. 16 do. do. 2 ] do. 12 do. do. 1 8 f do. 10 do. do. 1 3 J do. 10 do. do. 10 Plumber, in day work per day 5 6 332 £ s. d. Plumbers' Work. Pumps, 2i inches with handle and rod. each 2 12 6 3 do. do. do. 3 10 Si do. do. do. 4 4 do. do. do. 4 14 6 a bucket guard - . do. 2 6 a new bucket - - do. 2 6 a ditto and box . - do. 6 a shoe and clack . do. 2 9 Sash weights, more than sheet lead per cwt. 2 Solder - per lb. 1 Wall hooks - each 2 Washers and wastes. 2 inches - do. 12 11 do. . - - do. 8 U do. - do. 6 1 do. - - - do. 5 1 do. - do. 4 Water closet. See Closet. Pointing, tuck, &c. See Bricldayer. Pole, statute, or perch, or rod, a measure of six- teen feet and a half, or 5 J yards. Fen or woodland, eighteen feet. Forest, twenty-one feet. Square statute pole, or perch, 272J square feet. Square woodland, or perch, 234 square feet. Polishing, act of In order to improve the beauty of fine wood, and give an additional lustre to furniture, &c. by polishing of it, you must first observe that it is per- fectly clean, the wad or roller made according to the directions given ; and, having applied the polishing to the roller, covering it with linen rag or 333 PoLisriiNG, act of. linseed oil, you may then proceed at first with a liffht brisk motion in a circular direction, and as you find the rag drying, increase the pressure of the hand until you find it quite dry ; in this man- ner you may form tlie diiferent coats, and so on for three, four, or six coats, according to the grain of the wood. The gums or substances which compose the polishes hereinafter mentioned, being brought to Europe in a solid form, must first be reduced to a fluid state in alcohol, commonly called spirits of wine ^ which, with a small proportion of linseed oil used in the application, evaporating by circular friction, leave a transparent superficial coat of the gums which forms the polishing lustre. In the first place give the work a coat of any of the polishes you choose ; having done this you are to get some clean double size, melt it in a pipkin, then with a piece of soft sponge, or rag, give a coat all over the work, by rubbing it well into the grain, and when dry, you may proceed to polish it again for two or three coats, and then if you find the grain not quite smooth, apply again the size as be- fore, a coat or two more polish, and you will find it will have the effect of causing the body of polish to bear out, thereby taking but half the time usually employed. New furniture that has been before polished with wax, needs only a coat of size laid upon the wood before it is polished; by doing this, it not only stops the pores of the wood, but also prevents the polish from working up with the wax, which it would do if not prevented in this manner. For old furniture, take a quart of table beer, boil it in a sauce-pan, and throw in a handful of saltpetre, let it dissolve, then wash the furniture all over with the liquid, and dry it afterwards with a linen 334 Polishing, act of. cloth; get some clean double size, melt it in a pipkin, and with a piece of soft sponge or rag, rub a thin coat all over the surface ; when dry, you may proceed to polish according to the directions given with the receipts for three or four coats, each coat to be rubbed in until the rag is dry, and you will have a fine lasting polish. For removing ink spots, apply spirits of salts to a bit of rag, and rub the part till the ink disappears. Polishing Composition. Take one pint of sjnrits of wine, two ounces of gum benzoin, J of an ounce of gum sandrach, and J of an ounce of gum anime. These gums to be well bruised, put them into a tin or earthen vessel that can be closely stopped, sink it in hot water for two or three hours, and in the meantime to be frequently shaken until you find the gums dissolved ; then to be strained or poured off, in order to avoid particles of dirt that are apt to be in the gums ; put in a bottle for use, with a quarter of a gill of the best linseed oil, and to be well corked for use. In using, place the furniture so that the eye can observe the process of the rubber by an opposite light. Take a piece of rag and make into a wad, apply the composition on the same in small quantities, by putting the wad to the mouth of the bottle, and shaking it ; proceed to rub very lightly over about a foot square at a time, until you have covered the whole surface ; repeat the composition for three or four coats according to the grain of the wood, each coat to be rubbed in until the rag appears dry, and you will have a beautiful and lasting po- lish. Be particular in using clean soft rags, for the polish depends much on that. Shake the composition whilst using. Clarified Polish. Take one pint of spirits of wine, two ounces of gum benzoin, half an ounce of gum 335 Polishing, act of. sandracb ; put them into a thick glass bottle, for then you will see when the gums are dissolved; to be kept in a moderate warm place, and frequently shaken until you find all dissolved, let it stand for three or four hours to c ol and settle, then pour the clear part off into another bottle, and to be well corked for use. Make a rubber of flannel accord- ing to the size of the work you are about to polish, apply the composition by shaking the bottle against the rubber, covering it with a piece of soft muslin rag, and damp over the place with some droppings of sweet oil with the end of your finger; proceed to rub light and brisk, in a circular direction, for three coats, according to the quality of the wood; each coat to be rubbed in until the rag appears dry. If you polish white wood use the droppings of sweet oil, but for other kinds of wood the best linseed oil will be better to work. French Polish. Take one pint of spirits of wine, quarter of an ounce of gum copal, quarter of an ounce of gum arabic, and one ounce of gum shell lac ; the gums to be bruised. Put the spirits and the o-ums tofjether in a vessel that can be close corked, and to be kept in a warm place for two or three days ; allow it to settle, then pour the clear part into a bottle to be well corked for use. Directions for use. — Place all the furniture so that the eye can observe the process of the rubber by an opposite light ; make the rubber of a piece of drugget, or broad list rolled up not very hard, apply the polish against the end, covering the part with a piece of soft cotton rag, that is free from lint, damping the rag with the best cold drawn lin- seed oil, by dipping the end of your finger in it; proceed to rub with some pressure, briskly, in a circular direction, over about a foot square at a time, replenishing both as the work dries, going bSb Polishing, act of. over the whole surface in the same manner, for three or four coats, according to the grain of the wood, in a place of moderate warmth ; gradually clear off the oil from the surface with the polish, and occasionally turn the rag, or it will not have that brightness when finished. Be particular in using clean and soft rags. Another improved Polish. Take one pint of spiri+s of wine, one ounce of seed lac, two drachms of gum guiacum, two drachms of gum mastic, and two drachms of dragon's blood. Put these into a vessel that you can stop close, then expose it to a moderate heat for three hours, until you find it dissolved ; let it stand to settle, and strain or pour it off into a bottle for use, with a quarter of a gill of the best linseed oil, to be shaken well up and well cork the bottle. Directions for use. — Place all furniture, &c. so that the eye can observe the process of the rubber by an opposite light; take a piece of soft linen rag, and make it into a wad ; apply the composition on the same in small quantities, proceed to rub very lightly, in a circular direction, over about a foot square at a time, until you have covered the whole surface ; repeat the composition for three or four coats according to the grain of the wood ; each coat to be rubbed in until the rag appears dry. Shake the composition whilst using. The following is a prepared spirit for assisting the lustre and permanent durability, which may be used after the polishes, removes defects, and leaves a clear brilliant surface. Half a pint of rectified spirits of wine, two drachms of shell lac, two drachms of gum benzoin. Put these into a bottle and keep it in a warm place until dissolved, let it 337 Polishing, act of. stand to get cold, and add two spoonsful of the best linseed oil ; shake them well together, and it is fit for use. Directions for use. — Take a piece of soft muslin rag, and make it into a wad, apply the spirit on the same in small quantities, rub very lightly over about two feet square at a time, in a circular direc- tion, uutil the whole surface is gone over; keep rubbing until the rag becomes dry, and the polish clear, and as you find the rag drying you may in- crease the pressure of your hand, in order to remove any dull places. Shake the bottle when you use it. The following is a strong polish to be applied with a brush to carved work, &c. Dissolve two ounces of seed lac, and two ounces of white resin, in one pint of spirits of wine. This varnish must be laid on in a warm place, and the work will be better if the substance to be varnished can be wann also, but all moisture or dampness must be avoided. Directions for use. — Pour this polish into an earthen pot with a piece of wire across the top, slackened downwards to stroke the brush against, then see that the brush is clean and free from loose hairs ; dip the brush and give the work a thin regular coat ; soon after another, and another, always tak- ing care not to pass the brush twice in the same place; let it then stand to dry. Use this polish warm. £ s. d, Polish, furniture. For furniture of all descrip- tions - - per pot 16 Portable filters, in earthenware. See Filters. Porterage, rates of. By an Act of Parliament passed June 21, 1799, 39 Geo. III. cap. 58, it was 2u 338 £ s. d. Porterage, rates of. enacted, that from the 5th day of July, in the same year, the following sums should be charged as rates of por- terage. 1. Any parcel, box, package, &c. not ex- ceeding 561b. weight, brought by coach, waggon, or any public convey- ance, shall be forwarded to any distance not exceeding a quarter of a mile for 3 above a quarter of a mile, and not exceeding half a mile 4 above half a mile, but not exceeding a mile - - - 6 above one mile, but not exceeding one mile and a half - 8 above one mile and a half, but not exceeding two miles - 10 and for every additional half mile 3 2. Any porter demanding more than the above-men- tioned rates, shall forfeit for every offence a sum not exceeding twenty shillings, nor less than five shillings. 3. The book-keeper to deliver to the porter with each parcel, a ticket specifying the sum to be paid for the carriage, porterage, &c. with the name of the porter, which he is to deliver with the parcel ; in default of which to forfeit a sum not exceeding forty shillings, nor less than five shillings ; and if the porter alter the ticket, or demand more than therein specified, to forfeit for every offence, twenty shillings. 4. All parcels sent by coach to be delivered within six hours after its arrival, unless such arrival should be between 4 o'clock in the evening and 7 o'clock in the morning, to forfeit for every offence a sura not exceeding twenty shillings, nor less than ten shillings. 339 Porterage, rates of. 5. Parcels sent by waggon to be delivered wflhin twenty-four hours or forfeit the same. 6. Parcels directed to be left till called for, to be delivered to the owner applying for the same, on their paying the carriage, and two-pence for warehouse room, or forfeit a sum not more than twenty shillings, nor less than ten. 7. If not sent for till the expiration of one week, to be charged one penny for warehouse room, and one penny per week so long as it remains in the ware- house. 8. Persons applying for their parcel before sent out from the inn, to pay the carriage and two-pence for warehouse room ; if more is demanded, to for- feit for every offence a sum not exceeding twenty shillings, nor less than ten. 9. Any porter being found guilty of mis-behaviour, or neglect, to be fined a sum not exceeding twenty shillings nor less than ten. 0. Any person refusing to pay the legal charge for the carriage, &c. of a parcel, to be summoned be- fore a magistrate, who is to award damages. 11. Information of offences against this act, to be within fourteen days. 12. This act not to authorise the employment of any porter contrary to the usage of the City of London. 13. Persons not paying the penalties and forfeitures as specified in this act, upon conviction to be im- prisoned for a term not exceeding one calendar month, nor less than fourteen days, unless the money is paid sooner, together with all costs. 14. Witnesses to be paid for their loss of time, and expenses ; but if they refuse to appear, to forfeit a sum not exceeding forty shillings nor less than twenty shillings; and if they appear, and refuse to 340 Porterage, rates of. answer any lawful question, the Justice may commit them to prison, for any time not exceeding 14 days. 15. Form of conviction. 16. All persons who think themselves ag- grieved may appeal to the Quarter Sessions. 17. One half of the penalty to the prose- cutor, and the other half to the poor of the parish. 18. Actions to be brought within 6 months. £ s. d. Portland, stone - - per ft. cube 5 Post, clothes, of cast iron - - each 1 Field, farm, and garden-gate, from £1 105. to - - each 4 14 Gate, ornamented - per pair 8 8 Hurdle, No. 1 - - per pair 15 No. 2 - - do. 12 6 No. 3 - . do. 10 No. 4 - - do. 7 6 Lamps, of a triangular shape, for high- ways - - - each 15 Mile, with place and distance cast thereon - - - each 1 15 Stall, for stables, with ramp and plates, Street, common pattern small size ditto ditto next size ditto ditto large size small ditto for a chain with conducting piece for gas next size ditto larger ditto - - . Pots, chimney, of earthenware. See Pots in Bricklayer. Cast iron - - - per cwt. 18 Melting. See Crucible. each 3 10 [do. 1 10 do. 1 15 do. 2 10 do. 12 6 do. 1 5 do. 2 10 do. 3 341 Pottle. A measure of 4 pints. Pound, Troy, 12 ounces. By this weight are weighed gold, silver, jewels, electu- aries, and all liquors. 25 lb. is a quarter of a cwt.; 100 lbs. one cwt. ; and 20 cwt. one ton of gold or silver. Avoirdupois, 16 ounces. By this weight are weighed all metals except gold and silver, and such commodities as are subject to waste ; as groceries of of every description, provisions in gene- ral, &c. One pound avoirdupois is equal to 14 oz. 11 dwts. 16 grs. troy. Silks are weighed, some 24 oz. and others 16 oz. to the pound. Power, Man's power in using the following in- struments a short time a drawing knife, the force of an auger, with two hands a screw driver, one hand a common bench, vice handle a chisel and awl, vertical pres sure a windlass, handle revolving 100 lbs. 100 do. 84 do. 72 do. 72 lbs. 60 do. pincers and pliars, compression 60 do. a hand plane, horizontally 50 do. a hand or thumb vice 45 do. a hand saw - - 36 do. a stock bit, revolving - 16 do. small screw drivers - 14 do. One-horse, to work machinery each is upon which all calculations rest and is equal, or supposed to be equal, to a counter balance of 2 J cwt., is what a horse of moderate capacity will be enabled to pull over a single pully for d. 25 342 £ s. d. Power, One-horse, 10 hours as a day's work, without more than ordinary labour. It is estimated that 5 horses, at 12 feet from the centre of the upright shaft, will do as much as a 5-horse steam- engine. Two horses will rather more than equal a ten-horse engine at 25 feet. Steam, in engines, is, for one-horse power, 22 cube feet in the boiler, and 22 inches in the piston. Water wheel, 20 feet upon the area, or surface of the wheel, is equal to one horse power. Windmill. One pair of stones 4 feet diameter, will require four-horse power. PozzoLANO, Patent British, manufactured by Arthur White. Dep6t, No. AQ, Mil- bank-street, Westminster, London. This material is recommended as a mor- tar for buildings and structures under ground and under water, where the strongest and most permanent work is required. It is incompressible by weight, and continues to indurate by time, without suffering disintegration*. As a Stucco it is particularly adapted for the exterior as well as interior of houses, on account of the great hard- ness of its surface, and its requiring no colouring. Its natural colours are white, black, red, buff and various shades of stone colour, which can be worked to a face equal to marble. * Vide Experiments in Philosophical Magazine and Annals Vol. xi., Page 183. 343 Pozzoi.ANO, Patent British, The prices are as follow d. Press, for brickwork, No. 4, at per bushel 1 3 for stucco, No. 3, do. 1 6 for ditto, finishing coat, of tlie above colours. No. 2, ])er bushel 2 6 apple, from £2 2s. Od. to each 6 6 Cheese, do. 2 10 do. do. 4 10 Cyder, do. 8 do. do. 30 Tablecloth, do. 1 11 6 do. do. 5 5 Wine, do. 1 10 6 do. do. 4 10 Hydrostatic. A 10-inch hydrostatic press with iron frame, as Green and Ford's, Milner's «& Co., &c. and one pump complete - each a 12-inch ditto do. do. a 10-inch paper press with iron frame of the usual size, and one pump complete - - each an 8-inch ditto do. do. a 4-inch packing press, such as the Navy Office and the London Dep6t, and one pump complete, each a 3-inch ditto do. do. an extra pump to gain time, of large dimensions - - each Hydrostatic, a set of pumps to work any number of presses, to be put in action by steam engine, or water wheel each Profit and Loss. A useful and ready method of calculating the value of the different rates of interest 170 210 155 125 80 20 95 2 J per cent is, in the pound 6 5 do. do. 1 7J do. - do. 1 6 10 do. do. 2 344 £ s. d. Profit and Loss. 12J per cent is, in the pound 2 6 15 do. - do. 3 m do. - - do. 3 6 20 do. - do. 4 22J do. - ~ do. 4 6 22 do. - do. 5 30 do. - . do. 6 35 do. . do. 7 40 do. - . do. 8 45 do. do. 9 50 do. - - do. 10 Pug Mill. See Mill. PuLLiES, Brass, for sash frame Uin. per doz. 6 ditto do. Ifdo. do. 9 ditto do. 2 do. do. 12 Axle ditto do. lido. do. 9 ditto do. Ifdo. do. 12 ditto do. 2 do. do. 15 ditto do. 21 do. do. 17 ditto do. 21 do. do. 19 Iron frame & brass sheave 1| do. do. 4 ditto do. IJdo. do. 5 ditto do. 2 do. do. 6 All iron . Udo. do. 2 ditto - Ifdo. do. 3 ditto . 2 do. do. 4 Pumice Stone, - - per lb. Pump. Method of obtaining calculations upon pumps. Suppose a pump with 6 inch barrel, and 12 inch stroke, and mak- ing 15 strokes per minute. 336 cubic inches each stroke, then 336 X 15 = 5040 deduct 1260, being one quarter for waste j divide by 282 7 345 £ s. Pump. gives the quantity, viz. 510 gallona in 30 minutes. 282 cube inches in a gallon of water. 336 15 5040 deduct 1260 282)4780(17 30 510 Common to raise 8 gals, per minute each 12 12 ditto 20 do. do. 21 ditto 40 do. do. 26 ditto 60 do. do. 31 ditto 80 do. do. 36 ditto 100 do. do. 41 ditto 120 do. do. 46 Copper, strong copper barrel 3 inch suction, 18 feet long, with brass valves and the iron work complete each 25 1 ditto 2 inch suction - do. 19 10 Iron, common, complete, 3 inch do. 2 10 ditto do. 4 do. do. 3 10 ditto do. 5 do. do. 4 4 with bored cylinder, wrought joints and slings, fitted up i in a superior man- ner, complete 2 inch each 5 5 ditto do. 2i do. do. 9 9 ditto do. 3 do. do. 10 10 ditto do. 3J do. do. 11 11 ditto do. 4 do. do. 12 18 2 X 346 Pump, d. 3 3 4 4 5 5 Lead, 2h inches lead pump with iron work, bucket, sucker, &c. complete, each 8 inch do. do. do, 3 J do. do. do. do. 4 do. do. do. do. 6 6 patent roller engine, &c. To raise from 8 to 120 gallons per minute, from £12 12^. to - - each 42 Lifting, common, with brass barrel. 2 inches - each 5 5 21 do. - . do. 6 G 3 do. - do. 7 7 3J do. - - do. 9 9 4 do. _ do. 11 11 of superior construction, 2J inches - -. do. 12 12 3 do. _ do. 14 14 3J do. - - do. 15 15 4 do. - do.. 17 17 Pump, Loan of, double headed 12 inch per day 7 ditto 9 do. do 7 ditto 6 do. do 7 single ditto 7 do. do. 7 ditto 6 do. do. 6 ditto 5 do. do. 5 to pay for going ^ out, double headed 12 inch each 5 ditto 9 do. do. 4 ditto 6 do. do. 3 single ditto 7 do. do. 4 ditto 6 do. do. 3 ditto 5 do. do. 2 Puncheon, of prunes, weighs 1120 lbs. Punching Machine. See Machine.. 347 £ s. d. Q. Quart, a measure, being the fourth part of a gallon. Quarter, a measure of eight bushels. Avoirdupois, 28 pounds. Of a yard, four nails. 3 quarters one Flemish ell ; 5 do. one English do. ; and 7 do. one French do. Quartern, loaf of bread, weighs 4 lb. 5 oz. 8 dr. Quicksilver ^ - - per lb. 6 Quintal. 100 lb. weight. Quire, of paper, 24 sheets. 20 sheets one ream. R, Rack, hay, cast iron, large size - each 18 small do. - - do. 18 ditto do. light - do. 12 6 wrought iron, circular - do. 16 square do. - - do. 1 1 Sheep, portable wrought iron - do. 2 2 Wrought iron stable, circular or semi- circular - - each 14 Sheep, covered and on wheels, from £1 165. to - - each 5 5 Railing. Wrought iron, 3 feet 6 inches high, | round, upright bars with spear heads ; horizontal bars IJ by f, with gate, &c. fixed, complete - per foot 5 1 inch bars do. - do. 7 H ditto do. - - do. 9 IJ ditto do. - do. 10 348 s. d. 6 18 1 7 Railway Road, of cast iron - per mile 616 The stone and fixing not included. Rakes, coach, with double frame and 3 wheels, each 6 Ell or drag - - do. Stubble - - - do. 1 For rowing hay - do. 7 Ranges. Kitchen range with oven and boiler, each 2 3 feet patent back boiler, with falling top bar, complete 3 ft. 3 in. do. 3 6 do. 3 9 do 4 do. 3 ditto with ironing stove Leather Rasps, bread, common sorted Farriers, each 3 do. do. 3 8 do. do. 3 11 do. do. 3 15 do. do. 5 y stove do.. 3 - per lb. 3 - each 2 Double end. Tanged. per dozen. per dozen. Inches. £ s. d. £ s. d. 10 8 3 14 lOi 9 15 6 11 9 6 16 6 Hi 10 6 19 12 11 6 1 1 12i 12 9 1 3 13 14 1 5 6 13J 15 6 1 8 14 16 6 1 11 14i 19 1 13 6 15 1 1 1 16 16 1 5 6 2 2 Bevil edged, 1^. per dozen extra. 349 Rasps. Gunstock, 8 inches 9 do. - 10 do. 11 do. - 12 do. 13 do. - Last-makers', 14 inches 15 do. - 16 do. 18 do. - Saddle tree, 14 inches 15 do. - 16 do. 18 do. - Ream, of paper, 20 quires. Reddening Liquid Reed. A measure of 6 cubits, or 6 cubits and a hand's breadth. Regulus , - Rivets, puncheon Rod. a measure of 51^ yards. Rods, boring, 20 feet in length Nail Round ditto S. C. - Roller, field, 6 feet long and 4 feet diameter, with cross and gudgeon each 5 feet 6 by 3 feet 6 do. do. do. ditto with shafts for 1 or 4 horses, from £16 to - - each Garden, 2 ft. 4 in. by 2 ft. extra strong do. ditto do. lighter from £2 to do. 2 feet 2 inches - - do. 2 do. do. - - do. 1 do. 10 do. - - do. £ s. d r dozen 6 3 do. 8 do. 9 6 do. 11 6 do. 13 6 do. 16 6 do. 1 7 do. 1 13 do. 2 2 do. 2 18 do. 1 12 do. 1 18 do. 2 10 do. 3 3 per bottle 6 per lb. per thousand each per cwt. do. - do. 1 3 5 9 5 5 1 2 18 1 26 7 24 50 6 15 5 15 6 8 5 10 4 7 350 £ s. d. Roller, Garden, 1 foot 8 inches - each 3 3 1 do. 6 do. - . do. 2 5 1 do. 4 do. - - do. 1 17 6 1 do. 2 'do. - ^ do. 1 7 6 Sugar mill, or case, being a hollow cy- linder of cast iron, about 2 inches thick, turned, &c. per cwt. 19 fluting ditto - - each 1 10 Roofs, cast iron, plain principals, purlins to which the slates are affixed without the aid of common rafters, the whole com- plete, including the slating, per sq. 15 moulded do. do. do. 20 ditto and ornamental principals for painting inside without a ceiling, per square 25 Wrought iron. These roofs are one- fourth the weight of those erected with timber and slate, the rafter bars are 3 inches wide and f ths of an inch thick, purlins If inches by f ths. Large spans have girders and braces. 20 feet span 30 do. 40 do. 50 do. - 60 do. 70 do. - 80 do. and upwards Covering plates Dovetailed wall plates Wood. See Carpenter. Rood. A measure of 40 square poles or perches. Root. Washer. See Washer. RooTWASHER, improved - - each 6 ditto with basket attached do. 6 10 - per square - do. 5 6 do. 7 - do. 7 10 do. 8 - do. 8 10 do. 9 - do. 5 per foot run 2 6 351 £ s, d. Rope. See FalL White - - per lb. 8i Rope. The following table shows the weight good rope will sustain, as also chain corresponding thereto. Size of Weight of Rope Proof. Diameter of Weight per Ships' Rope. per Fath. Chain. Fathom. Register. Inches. lbs. Ton. Cwt Inch. lbs. Tons. 21 If 15 i. 4 4J 3i 2f 1 10 S 6 4 41 2 8 f 8 4| 5J 3 9 fe 11 5J 7 4 10 i 15 25 H 91 5 14 9 r6 19 35 7 llj 7 2 f 22 50 8 15 8 10 11 re 27 70 8f 19 10 2 f 32 90 9J 21 11 17 13 16 37 110 10 23 13 15 i 43 130 lOf 28 15 16 )6 re 49 150 11? 301 18 10 1 56 170 12J 36 20 6 lli 63 200 13 39 22 15 ll 72 240 13f 45 25 7 111 79 290 141 481 28 2 u 86 320 15i 56 31 111 95 360 16 60 34 If 106 400 16i 68 37 4 Ife 116 440 171 72 40 10 n 126 480 18 76 43 19 n 137 520 181 80 47 10 If 148 570 19i 88 51 5 1!] 160 620 201 97 55 2 If 171 680 21 102 59 3 i:i 184 740 21J 107 63 4 u 196 820 221 23J 117 67 11 115 lie 210 900 127 72 2 224 1000 To find the weight which a rope will bear — multiply the circumference in inches by itself, and take the fifth part of the 352 Roi'jeu product, which will express the tons it will carry. Thus if a rope has 6 inches circumference, 6x6zz36-i-5, which is 7J tons. Tarred cordage is weaker than white, and the difference increases by keeping. To make rope and canvass fire-proof : dissolve some moist gravelly earth, which has been previously well washed and cleared from any hete- rogeneous matter, in a solution of caustic alkali, spread it upon wood — it will not burn — the above is a very cheap preparation. Rubbers. Ruff and bastard Second cut Smooth Runl:^t. 18 gallons. d. per lb. 1] do. 1 2 do. 1 5 ^S3 s. Sack. 3 bushels. Offlour,2891bs. Of wool or 2 weys, 364 lbs. A most useful table showing the different prices from 1*. 9d. to 8s, 6d, per bushel, sack, quarter, load, or wey. Bushel. Sack. Quarter. Loads. S. d. £ 8, d. £ s. £ 5. 1 9 7 14 ^ 10 1 lOJ 7 6 15 3 15 2 8 16 4 2 H 8 6 17 4 5 2 3 9 18 4 10 2 4J 9 6 19 4 15 2 6 10 1 5 2 7J 10 6 1 1 5 5 2 9 11 1 2 5 10 2 lOi 11 6 1 3 5 15 3 12 1 4 6 3 IJ 12 6 1 5 6 5 3 3 13 1 6 6 10 3 4J 13 6 1 7 6 15 3 6 14 1 8 7 3 7J 14 6 1 9 7 5 3 9 15 1 10 7 10 3 lOJ 15 6 1 11 7 15 4 16 1 12 8 4 U 16 6 1 13 8 5 4 3 17 1 14 8 10 4 41 17 6 1 15 8 15 4 6 18 1 16 9 4 7^ 18 6 1 17 9 5 4 9 19 1 18 9 10 4 lOJ 19 6 1 19 9 15 5 1 2 10 5 11 1 6 2 1 10 5 2y 354 Sack. A most useful table showing the different prices from I*. 9d. to Ss, 6d. per bushel, &c. continued. Bushel. Sack. Quarter. Loads. S. d. £ 5. d. £ 5. . £ 5. 5 3 1 2 2 10 10 5 4-1 1 6 2 3 10 15 5 6 2 2 4 11 5 7J 2 6 2 5 11 5 5 9 3 2 6 11 10 5 lOJ 3 6 2 7 11 15 6 4 2 8 12 6 U 4 6 2 9 12 5 6 3 5 2 10 12 10 6 4i 5 6 2 11 12 15 6 6 6 2 12 13 6 7J 6 6 2 13 13 5 6 9 7 2 14 13 10 6 lOi 7 6 2 15 13 15 7 8 2 16 14 7 U 8 6 2 17 14 5 7 3 9 2 18 14 10 7 4J 9 6 2 19 14 15 7 6 1 1 10 3 15 7 7J 10 6 3 1 15 5 7 9 11 3 2 15 10 7 lOJ 11 6 3 3 15 15 8 12 3 4 16 8 \\ 12 6 3 5 16 5 8 3 13 3 6 16 10 8 4J 13 6 3 7 16 15 8 6 14 3 8 17 N. B. Rape and some other seeds are sold by the last, and as two weys make a last, twice the price of a load gives the price of a last £ 5. d. per lb. 3 per load 18 do. 5 355 Sal-ammoniac Sand, Founders', for moulding with Road, or road stuff Thames, 18 heaped bushels, or one yard cube one single load of sand. 36 heaped bushels, 44 striked ditto, or 2 yards cube one double load of sand. 3 single loads of sand to one rod of brick- work with chalk lime. 3^ single loads of sand to one rod of brickwork with stone lime. 1 bushel of sand to one square of plain tiling. 24 feet cube of sand one ton per load 3 Sashes, cast iron, -f moulded bar including pat- tern - - per foot super, f do. do. do. 2 1 6 Copper, fitted in a deal frame for painting - - per foot super, ditto bronzed - - do. 1 1 3 6 ditto metal moulding continued on the frame - - per foot super, fitted in a wainscot frame do. 1 1 9 5 ditto bronzed - do. 1 8 ditto moulding on frame do. 1 11 fitted in a mahogany frame do. ditto bronzed - do. 2 2 3 ditto moulding on frame do. 2 9 circular on the plan piece and half, circular heads double. Wood. See Carpenter, Sausage -Machine. See Machine, Saw-Mill. See Mill. Saws. Butchers' bow. Black steel, 12 inches complete per doz. 14 do. do. do. 2 2 8 14 16 do. do. do. 3 18 do. do. do. 3 6 20 do. do. do. 3 12 356 £ s. d Saws. Bright steel per dozen extra 12 Carcass, See Dovetail, ^c. Chest, grafting,] band,] pannel, and ripping, Cast steel sprin] g, 24 inches per doz. 4 4 26 do. do. 4 10 28 do. do. 4 16 30 do. do. 5 8 Cast steel 10 do. do. 1 8 12 do. do. 1 14 14 do. do. 2 2 16 do. do. 2 8 18 do. do. 2 14 20 do. do. 2 18 22 do. do. 3 4 24 do. do. 3 12 26 do. do. 3 14 28 do. do. 4 30 do. do. 4 6 Geraian steel 10 i inches do. 1 4 12 do. do. 1 8 14 do. do. 1 14 16 do. do. 2 18 do. do. 2 6 20 do. do. 2 10 22 do. do. 2 16 24 do. do. 3 2 26 do. do. 3 4 28 do. do. 3 10 30 do. do. 3 16 Common 10 inches do. 12 12 do. do. 16 14 do. do. 18 a 16 do. do. 1 18 do. do. 1 2 20 do. do. 1 5 22 do. do. 1 8 Saws. Common. 357 £ s. d. 24 inches per doz. 1 11 26 do. do. 1 13 28 do. do. 1 17 30 do. do. 2 2 best hand saws not set and sharped 2 with 2 screws, less per dozen 1 common steel hand if set and . sharped up to 14 inches . •• 1 6 all above, per dozen I extra - 2 6 Circular mill, 4 inches - - each 4 6 4i do. • do. 5 5 do. «r - do. 6 6 do. - do. 7 7 do. • . do. 8 8 do. • do. 9 6 9 do. • . do. 11 10 do. • do. 13 12 do. • . do. 16 14 do. . do. 1 16 do. m . do. I 4 18 do. . do. 1 10 20 do. « - do. 1 16 22 do. .. do. 2 2 24 do. « - do. 2 8 26 do. . do. 2 16 28 do. - - do. 3 6 30 do. . do. 3 16 32 do. .. - do. 4 8 34 do. . do. 5 4 36 do. - - do. 6 Compass or lock > cast steel 8 inches per doz. 13 10 do. - do. 15 12 do. - - do. 18 358 £ 5, d. Saws. Compass or lock, cast steel 14 inches per doz. 1 1 16 do. - - do. 1 4 18 do. do. 1 7 German steel, 8 inches per doz. 11 10 do. do. 13 12 do. - - do. 15 14 do. do. 18 16 do. - - do. 1 1 18 do. do. 1 4 Cotton cleaning, or gin, No. 7, iron black . 6 6 8 do. polished - 8 4 9 best steel black -. 8 4 10 do. polished - 10 5 11 cast steel hardened - 10 5 12 do. polished - 12 6 Cross cut. See Pit, %c. Dovetail, carcass, sash, and tenon. spring steel brass backs. 8 inches complete per doz. 4 10 do. do. do. 4 4 12 do. do. do. 4 16 14 do. do. do 5 8 16 do. do. do. 6 18 do. do. do. 6 12 20 do. do. do. 7 4 cast steel brass backs. 8 inches complete per doz. 3 8 10 do. do. do. 3 12 12 do. do. do. 4 14 do. do. do. 4 10 16 do. do. do. 5 4 18 do. do. do. 5 12 20 do. do. do. 5 18 Saws. 359 Dovetail, carcass, sash, and tenon, cast steel blued blacks. £ s, d. 8 inches complete per doz. 3 10 do. do. do. 3 4 12 do. do. do. 3 8 14 do. do. do. 3 12 16 do do. do. 4 2 18 do. do. do. 4 6 20 do. do. do. 4 8 cast steel, iron backs. 8 inches complete per doz. 2 12 10 do. do. do. 2 16 12 do. do. do. 3 14 do. do. do. 3 4 16 do. do. do. 3 12 18 do. do. do. 3 16 20 do. do. do. 3 18 German steel backs, 8 inches complete per doz. 2 4 10 do. do. do. 2 8 . 12 do. do. do. 2 12 14 do. do. do. 2 16 16 do. do. do. 3 2 18 do. do. do. 3 6 20 do. do. do. 3 8 Felloe, or turning, 5 feet . each 15 5i do. - do. 16 6 6 do. - - do. 18 6Jdo. - do. 1 7 do. - - do. 1 2 Frame. See Pit, ^c. Gin or circular. See Cotton Cleaning, ^c. Grafting. See Chest, %c. Hand. See Chest, ^c. - 360 Saws. Mill, up and down, German steel 5 feet 51 do. 6 do. 6J do. 7 do. 7Jdo. 8 do. cast steel 5 do. 51 do. 6 do. 6i do. 7 do. 7J do. ■ 8 do. Pannel. See Chesty 8fc. Pit, frame, and cross cut, cast steel 4 feet 4i do. 5 do. 5J do. 6 do. 6J do. 7 do. 71 do. 8 do. cast steel, warranted, 4 feet . 4J do. 5 do. 51 do. 6 do. 61 do. 7 do. 71 do. 8 do. . ^■: i s. ^ each 1 2 do. 1 4 do. 1 6 do. 1 9 do. 1 13 do. 1 18 do. 2 4 do. 1 6 do. 1 8 do. 1 10 do. 1 13 do. 1 17 do. 2 2 do. 2 8 each 16 6 do. 17 6 do. 19 6 do. 1 1 do. 1 4 do. 1 6 do. 1 8 do. 1 13 do. 1 19 each 19 do. 1 1 do. 1 3 do. 1 6 do. 1 9 do. 1 12 do. 1 15 do. 2 do. 2 6 Saws. 361 Pit, frame, and cross cut, £ s. d. German steel 4 feet each 15 4J do. - - do. 16 5 do. do. 18 5i do. - - do. 19 6 6 do. do. 1 2 6J do. . do. 1 4 7 do. do. 1 6 7i do. - - do. 1 10 8 do. . . do. 1 16 common steel 4 feet - - each 9 6 ^ do. do. 10 6 5 do. - . do. 11 6 5J do. do. 12 6 6 do. - - do. 14 U do. do. 16 7 do. - - do. 18 7J do. do. 1 1 8 do. - - do. 1 5 if set, Qd. each ; if set and sharped, 1*. the common ones; all the others 1*. 6fl?. each in addition to the above. German, cast and warranted, the butt exceeding 10 inches, 2^. per inch extra, and all points above 3J inches the same. Ripping. See Chest, 8fc. Sash. See Dovetail^ ^c. Table, cast steel 18 inches complete per doz. 2 4 20 do. do. do. 2 8 22 do. do. do. 2 14 24 do. do. do. 2 18 26 do. do. do. 3 2 2z 362 £ s. d. $AWS. I'able, German steel, 18 inches complete per doz. 2 20 do. do. do. 2 4 22 do. do. do. 2 8 24 do. do. do. 2 12 26 do. do. do. 2 16 Tenon. See Dovetail, ^c. Turning. See Fellow, 8rc, Veneering, 4 feet - - each 12 4J do. . - do. 14 5 do. . - do. 16 Billet, or Woodcutters' web, cast steel 22 inches per doz. 1 16 24 do. - do. 1 18 26 do. - - do. 2 28 do. . do. 2 4 30 do. - - do. 2 8 32 do. - do. 2 12 34 do. - - do. 2 16 36 do. - do. 2 18 38 do. - - do. 3 2 40 do. . do. 3 6 42 do. . - do. 3 10 German steel, 22 inches per doz. 1 10 24 do. - do. 1 12 26 do. - - do. 1 14 28 do. - do. 1 18 30 do. - - do. 2 32 do. - do. 2 4 34 do. - - do. 2 8 36 do. - do. 2 10 38 do. - - do. 2 14 40 do. - do. 2 18 42 do. . - do. 3 2 363 £ 8, d. Saws. Billet, or Woodcutters' web, common steel 22 inches per doz. 16 24 do. do. 18 26 do. - . do. 1 1 28 do. do. 1 4 30 do. - - do. 1 7 32 do. do. 1 10 34 do. - - do. 1 13 36 do. do. 1 16 38 do. - - do. 1 19 40 do. do. 2 2 42 do. - - do. 2 5 If set and sharped up to 28 inches, 4*. All above, 65. per dozen in addition. Breaking out web, set and sharped 20 inches per doz. 18 22 do. do. 1 24 do. do. 1 4 26 do. do. 1 7 28 do. do. 1 10 30 do. do. 1 12 32 do. do. 1 14 34 do. do. 1 16 36 do. do. 1 19 cast steel, iron, or brass web 3 inches per doz. 3 4 do. do. 4 5 do. do. 5 6 do. do. 6 7 do. do. 7 8 do. do. 8 9 do. do. 9 10 do. do. 10 11 do. do. 11 12 do. do. 12 Saws. 364 Doctors', or calico printers' web. £ £. d. 2 inches broad per inch to any length 2J 2i do. do. do. 3 3 do. do. do. 3i 3i do. do. do. 4 4 do. do. do. 41 Fret web, blued, assorted to 9 inches per doz. 4 6 ditto 9 to 12 in. do. 5 6 double do. 9 to 12 in. do. 10 Steel turning web ? set and sharpec I 8 inches per doz. 5 6 10 do. do. 6 12 do. do. 7 6 14 do. do. 10 16 do. do. 12 6 18 do. do. 15 20 do. do. 18 Sawyers' Work. Timber 4 cuts per load 7 6 Norway ditto 2 do. do. 7 6 BATTENS. DEALS. PLANKS. FEET. per dozen per dozen per dozen cuts. cuts. cuts. S. d. s. d. S. d. 8 2 6 10 2 3 3 3 6 11 3 3 12 2 6 3 6 4 13 3 9 14 2 9 4 4 8 16 3 4 4 8 5 4 18 4 5 4 6 20 4 4 6 7 365 £ s, cL Sawyers' Work. By the mill, BATTENS. DEALS. PLANKS. FEET. per dozen per doien per dozen cuts. cuts. cuts. S. d. S, d. S. d. 8 1 8 2 2 6 10 1 10 2 6 3 12 2 2 10 3 6 14 2 4 3 4 4 16 2 10 3 8 4 8 18 3 4 4 4 5 4 20 3 8 5 6 10 and 12 feet flat cuts per dozen 1 2 14 feet clapboard . do. 6 5 feet beech logs - do. 1 8 6 feet do. do. 2 Quebec staves do. 1 6 10 feet pantile laths - do. 8 12 feet do. do. 10 14 feet do. do. 1 16 feet do. - do. 1 2 American pine per hundred 3 6 do, birch - do. 4 6 Venetian blind stuff do. 4 do. do. - do. 9 Blind stuff do. 4 Cedar do. - do. 6 Veneers, not exceeding 12 inches, per foot run. 1 do. do. 24 in. per ft. super. H do. do. 36 in. do. 2 do. above 36 in. do. 3 Chair top curls, single length, per doz. 8 366 d. Sawyers' Work. Hard wood, not exceeding 18 inches per foot super. 2 do. above 18 inches do. 3 Secretary, Mahogany. See Cabinet-makers'' Work. Scales. Frame, domestic, height 2 feet, length 3 feet, and 1 foot 6 in. wide each 7 do. height 3 feet, length 3 feet, and 1 ft. 9 in. wide - - each 6 double, height 3 feet, length 3 feet, and 1 foot 9 inches wide - each 12 strongs for sugar, cotton, bales, &c. do. 15 moveable, on wheels, capable of weigh- ing 20 cwts. - - each 20 fixed, even with floor, capable of ., , weighing 30 cwt. - each 25 counter, for weighing 7 lbs. do. 2 do. do. 28 lbs. do. 3 do. do. 56 lbs. do. 3 10 do. do. 100 lbs. do. 4 10 double for sacks, &c. - do. 10 cotton - - - do. 12 wool - - - do. 16 tanners - - - do. 20 Roman beam for wharfs, &c. do. 50 do. to weigh 8 tons do. 100 do. for a public road do. 150 table, 2 feet 6 inches high, for weigh- ing 2 cwt. - - each 5 Scarificator. For grass land and gathering couch - - each 3 10 improved do. - - do. 6 6 Scarifier. General Beatson's from £5 5s. to do. 10 10 Scrapers. Garden, hall, and door, from 1*. 6d. to - - each 11 6 Road - - - do. 6 367 £ s. d. J5CREW-PLATE, Small, With taps ditter ent sizes. each 1 5 very small do. do. 4 6 Scientific, Engineers' charges. See Engineers' Scientific Charges. Score. 21 chaldron. 5 score one hundred. 6 score one great hundred. Screws. Bed 5 inch per doz. 1 3 6 do. - do. 1 7 10 do. do. 2 6 12 do. - do. 3 2 Coach per lb. G With brass nut and plate. 2J inches diameter per lb. 1 3 do. do. 3 to 8 inch do. do. 1 2 Bench, iron, with square thread and box. each 7 6 beech - do. 2 6 Wood, for Joiners' work, &c. Jandf . - per doz. li 1 inch do. 2 li do. do. 3 U do. do. 4 2 do. do. 6 2| do. do. 8 3 do. - do. 10 3^ do. do. 1 4 do. - do. 1 6 ditto with gilt heads. i inch . do. 3 1 do. do. 3i f do. - do. 4 1 do. do. ^ U do. do. 5 U do. do. 5J If do. do. 6 368 £ s. d. Screws. Wood, with gilt heads, 2 inch - per doz. 7 2J do. do. 8 2* do. do. 9 2f do. do. 10 3 do. do. 11 3J do. do. 1 4 do. do. 1 2 Screw-Jacks. See Jachs. Scythe and Crook, Hainault each 10 6 Seam. Of glass, 24 stone of 5 lbs. or 120 lbs. Seats. Wrought iron for gardens, &c •J For one person each 18 For two do. do. 1 11 6 For three do. do. 2 2 Circular do. for shady trees do. 2 10 Stools - do. 10 6 Seating. Horse-hair for sofas, chairs. &c. 17 inches wide per yard 1 9 18 19 20 21 22 24 26 28 30 32 do. do. do. do. do. do, do. do. do. do. . do. do. - do. do. - do. do. - do. do. - do. do. 1 11 2 2 2 5 2 8 2 11 3 5 4 4 5 6 Sewers. See Bricklayers* Work. Shovel. Steel Sieves. Wire, breeze, 24 inch coarse 24 inch fine flour founders', 20 inch strong each do. do. do. do. 3 6 7 4 4 369 ^IBVBS. Silver. £ s. d. Wire, gravel, 20 inch, strong each 4 do. 20 do. fine do. 4 6 do. 22 do. strong do. 5 do. 22 do. fine do. 5 6 grocers' strong iron wire, currant, deep rim each 6 do. do. brass do. do. 7 do. do. strongest do. or Ulbs. I'i each 8 do. do. copper wire do. do. 8 6 do. do. 20 inch raisin do. 4 6 masons', brass do. 3 9 do. copper - do. 4 9 potatoe, 22 inch ware do. 4 do. 24 do. middling do. 5 do. 28 do. chat do. 7 tallow melters, 24 inch, 60 meshes to the inch each 1 do. 22 inch - do. 18 The standard for silver coins consists of pure silver and one-twentieth part alloy. Standard silver - - per lb. 3 6 the crown weighs 18 dwts. 4^ grains. Siphon. Skimmer. the J crown do. the shilling do. the sixpence do. See Crane. 9 dwts. 21 3 dwts. ]5A 1 dwt. 19/; do. do. do. Copper, fine wire do. with iron socket handle - - each Skylights. Cast iron - per foot super, glazed complete - do. Copper - - - do. circular, oval, or domical do. Wood. See Carpenter. 3a 9 1 6 3 2 5 370 Slates. Countesses Doubles Dutchesses Imperials Ladies Queens Rags Westmorland - Slaters' Work. Countesses slatinty o Dennybole do. Double do. Dutchesses Imperials do. do. - do. do. - do. per thousand do. do. per ton per thousand per ton do. do. per square do, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do. Ladies Patent Queen's Rag Tavistock Westmorland If circular, add one-third. Patent ribs and cement per foot run. Old slating ripped and relaid per square Labour only - . Jq Squaring and holing slates per thousand Day-work, slater - - per day labourer - . Jq^ large scantling slates cut per hundred Tavistock slates do. do. double Welsh do. do. 4d. painted clout - do. Qd. do. - - do. 8d. do. . do. lime and hair - - per hod 1000 countess slates will cover 7 sqs. 1000 double do. do. 2^ do. 1000 dutchess do. do. 9 do. £ s. d, 10 3 10 15 4 10 5 5 4 4 15 5 15 2 2 3 1 16 2 5 3 10 2 3 3 2 15 3 5 2 5 3 14 6 14 7 3 5 3 6 6 6 6 12 7 g 5 4 6 8 10 371 s. d. Slaters' Work. 1000 ladies slates will cover 4J squares. 1000 Tavistock do. do. 2f do. 1 ton of queen's do. will cover from 2j to 2J squares. 1 ton of imperial do. will cover from 2i to 2i squares. 1 ton of Welsh rags will cover from Ij to 2 squares. 1 ton of Westmorland do. will cover 2 squares. Slicer. Meadow Turnip, with one knife do. and mangel wurzel patent do. with fly wheel and trough with three knives Sluices. Cast iron, with doors, frames, carriages, &c. &c. as those erected at the docks in Dublin - - each 245 Smoke. Consuming by combustion. License for using the patent for the above. ;r set 16 each 4 4 do. 5 5 do. 5 5 do. 6 6 do. 9 9 4-horse engine , and not exceeding 6 each 15 6 do. do. 8 do. 16 8 do. do. 10 do. 17 10 do. do. 12 do. 18 12 do. do. 14 do. 19 14 do. do. 16 do. 20 16 do. do. 18 do. 21 18 do. do. 20 do. 22 20 do. do. 22 do. 23 22 do. do. 24 do. 24 and all above, allowing 5 per cent, per horse. No additional charge for boilers above 24 horses. 372 Smoke. Consuming by combustion. For coppers, such as are used by brewers dyers, &c. whose contents are 5 barrels, and not exceeding 15 £ s. d. 15 do. do. 20 do. do. 25 do. do. 30 do. do. 40 do. do. CO do. do. 80 do. do. 100 do. do. : 15 each 5 20 do. 7 25 do. 9 30 do. 12 40 do. 15 60 do. 18 80 do. 20 100 do. 22 150 do. 24 SOPB, soft Soil. Space. Spade. Span. Sphere. Spikes. Spir: T, No additional charge for coppers whose contents are more than 150 barrels. A discount of 33 per cent, upon the aggregate amount, if more than one boiler, or copper, be erected in one concern. per lb. 18 solid or cube feet, one ton. Clearing out and carting away per ton Geometrical, a measure of 5 feet. Garden - - - each A measure of 9 inches, or a J of a yard, or J a cubit. See Ball, Wrought iron - per cwt. per lb. OR Alcohol, contained in wines and liquors. A bottle of port wine, containing 26 oz. which had been in bottle seven years, produced two ounces and seven drachms of alcohol. Ditto of port wine, containing 251 ounces (one year in bottle and two years in wood), produced two ounces and six drachms. 1 3 6 3 9 1 2^ 373 Spirit, or Alcohol. A bottle of pale sherry, three years old, containing 25 ounces, produced three ounces. Ditto of Madeira, two years old, contain- ing 25 J ounces, produced two ounces and five drachms. Ditto Cape ditto, one year old, contain- ing 25 ounces, produced 2j ounces. Ditto old hock, containing 21 ounces, produced nearly an ounce. Ditto brandy, containing 24 ounces, pro- duced ten ounces. Ditto rum, containing 24 J ounces, pro- duced 9J ounces. A quart of public house ale, not bottled, produced one ounce. A quart of common draught porter, pro- duced 5j drachms. From the foregoing results it appears that four bottles either of port, sherry, or Madeira, contain more ardent spirit than a bottle of brandy. Three bottles of sherry are nearly equal to one bottle of rum. That ten bottles of hock, or ten quarts of ale, or about 14| quarts of porter, are equal to a bottle of brandy. The residuum of port wine contains an astringent extract and more tartaric acid than that of Madeira, and the sherry less than Madeira. In one bottle of port, a small portion of tar- taric acid. The residuum of the rum contains raw sugar, and the brandy burnt sugar, with a pungent aromatic, resembling capsicum. The residuum of the ale and porter was very bitter, 374 d. Spirit, or Alcohol. ^ and the spirit of the former was slightly flavoured with the essential oil of the hop. Both contain saccharine matter. Springs. Carriage, C chariot - per set 18 C gig hind with scrolls and clip shackles, 5 plates, and a pair of double bolt jacks per pair 4 10 gig body with scrolls and clip shackles, and strap hoops per pair 6 6 gig and scroll irons double elbow, per pair elliptic - - - do. landau C light - - per set do. C strong - - do. Door, for propelling the door both ways, each do. do. one way - do. Square. A measure of 100 square feet. 6 feet, 8 feet, and a diagonal of 10 feet, will form a square on the plan useful in setting out ground, &c. 4 14 6 7 19 20 3 3 1 11 6 00 6 s Stages. Wrought iron, for flower-pots, square or circular - - each 18 Stain. Red, or archill for bedsteads, &c. One pound of chip logwood, two quarts of water, boil these in a pot until it is brought to one quart, then take half an ounce of spirits of salts, stir this well in the logwood liquor while warm, and it is fit for use. 375 £ s. d. Stain. ^ ^-rvfT^v.-.-iA .s^w^tB Black, for picture frames. Boll chip log- wood in clean water, and give the work two washes with this while hot ; , when dry, give it a wash with tincture of steel, and when dry, sand paper and polish it with a linen cloth and heel ball. An ebony black. Take one pound of chip logwood and half a gallon of water, let these boil well in a pot until you find a strong colour, then add a small quantity of pearl-ash, which will bring it to a colour of a rose- wood ground ; give the work two or three washes witli this while hot, let it stand to dry, and then have some strong tincture of steel made warm, which lay on with a flat stiff brush, in imitation of the black streaks in rose-wood, let it well dry, and then sand paper and polish it as you think proper. Tincture of steel is made as follows : — The best vinegar and fine steel filings, put them together in a bottle and keep them in a warm place for a day or two ; it will be better to be fre- quently shaken. Beech stained this way takes a most ex- cellent polish, which prevents the evaporation of the colour. They may be polished with any of the polishing mixtures used for the natural woods. Stairs. Wood. See Car'penier. Stamps. Affidavits - - - 2 6 Agreements of the value of £20 and up- wards, containing only 1080 words 10 376 £ s. d. Stamps. Agreements. More than 1080 words _ 1 5 and for every further 1080 words 1 5 Apprentices' or clerks' indentui res, under £30 1 duplicates to ditto for master 1 for £30 and under £50 2 for 50 do. 100 3 for 100 do. - 200 6 for 200 do. 300 12 for 300 do. - 400 20 for 400 do. 500 25 for 500 do. - 600 30 for 600 do. 800 40 for 800 do. - 1000 50 for 1000 and upwards - 60 the apprentice to have these duties. duplicate to the above for master 1 15 assignment or turn over, if a pre- mium, the same as above. If no premium, for 1080 words 1 if more - 1 15 charity children exempt. Attorney, letters and warrants of, &c. 1 10 Awards under 2160 words - 1 15 and for every extra 1080 words 1 5 Bonds given as security for payment of money. any sum not exceeding £50 1 above £50 do. 100 1 10 above 100 do. - 200 2 above 200 do. 300 3 above 300 do. - 500 4 above 500 do. 1000 5 above 1000 do. - 2000 6 above 2000 do. 3000 7 above 3000 do. - 4000 8 377 £ A', d. Stamps. Bonds. above £4,000 and not exceeding 5,000 9 above 5,000 do. - 10,000 12 above 10,000 do. - 15,000 15 above 15,000 do. - 20,000 20 above - - 20,000 25 Bonds of Indemnity - - 1 15 Charter parties under 2160 words 1 15 for every extra 1080 words 15 Foreign bills of exchange, drawn in sets, any sum not exceeding £100 16 above £100 and not exceeding 200 3 above 200 do. do. 500 4 above 500 do. do. 1000 5 above 1000 do. do. 2000 7 6 above 2000 do. do. 3000 10 above 3000 and upwards - 15 if drawn singly and not in a set, the same as inland duty, every bill in each set is chargeable with the respective duties. Inland bills and notes, not exceeding two months after date, or 60 days after sight, if £2 and not exceeding £5 5 10 above £5 5s. do. 20 16 above £20 and not exceeding £30 2 above 30 do. do. 50 2 6 above 50 do. do. 100 3 6 above 100 do. do. 200 4 6 above 200 do. do. 300 5 above 300 do. do. 500 6 above 500 do. do. 1000 8 6 above 1000 do. do. 2000 12 6 above 200a do. do. 3000 15 above 3000 - - - 1 5 3 B 378 £ s. d. Stamps. Inland bills and notes, exceeding two months after date, or 60 day s after sight, • if £2 and not exceeding £5 55. ] 6 above £5 bs. do. 20 2 above £20 and not exceeding £30 2 6 above 30 do. do. 50 3 6 above ^0 do. do. 100 4 6 above 100 do. do. 200 5 above 200 do. do. 300 6 above 300 do. do. 500 8 6 above 500 do. do. 1000 12 6 above 1000 do. do. 2000 15 above 2000 do. do. 3000 1 5 above 3000 . . - 1 10 penalty for post-dating bills of ex- change, £100. N. B. Promissory notes on demand made out of Great Britain, shall not be negotiable in Great Britain, whe- ther they are payable in Great Britain or not, unless they have the above duties. Deeds or memorandums under 2160 words - - - 1 15 and for every extra 1080 words 15 Lading, bills of - - 3 Duties on legacies, of the value of £20 or upwards, out of personal estate, or charged upon real estate, &c. ; and upon every share of residue : To a child or parent, or any lineal descendant or ancestor of the de- ceased - - per cent 10 To a brother or sister, or their des- cendants - - per cent. 3 Stamps. 379 £ s. d. Duties on legacies, &c. To an uncle or aunt, or their descend- ants - - per cent 5 To a great uncle or great aunt, or their descendants per cent 6 To any other relation, or any stranger in blood - - per cent. 10 Legacy to husband or wife, exempt. If the deceased died prior to the 5th April, 1805, duty only attaches on personal estates, and by a lower scale. In cases where an executor or administrator shall have paid debts to such an amount as, being deducted from the gross value of the estate and effects, would reduce the amount thereof to a less scale of probate or administration duty than that on which the duty has been paid, it is law- ful for the Commissioners of Stamps to return the difference, provided application be made for the same within three years after the date of the probate or letters of administration. Appraisements or valuations of any property made for the purpose of ascertaining the legacy duty payable in respect thereof, are, by the last stamp act, exempt from duty. Where a legatee shall take two or more distinct egacies or benefits under any will or testamen- tary instrument, which shall together be of the amount or value of £20 each, shall be charged with duty, though each, or either, may be sepa- rately under that amount or value. £ Memorandums under 2160 words 1 for every extra 1080 words - 1 Powers, prize - - - seamen's - - 1 s. d. [5 5 1 380 £ 5. d. Stamps. Receipts, for £5 and under £10 3 for 10 do. 20 6 for 20 do. 50 1 for 50 do. 100 1 6 for 100 do. 200 2 6 for 200 do. 300 4 for 300 do. 500 5 for 500 do. 1000 7 6 for 1000 and upwards 10 any sum, if in full of all demands 10 persons receiving the money are com- pelled to pay the duty. Spoiled stamps. The days for claiming the allowance at Somerset-house are Tuesdays and Thursdays, from 12 to 2 o'clock. Persons not residing within ten miles of London are re- quired, within twelve months after such stamps are spoiled or rendered useless, to make an affidavit before a Master Extraordinary in Chan- cery, which affidavit must be stamped, and the same left at the allowance office on Monday or Wednesday, and called for on the Monday following, when an allow- ance ticket will be given for the same description of stamps. Stanchion, or stay, for carts, &c. With nuts, screws, and socket for rail, per lb. common do. - - do. Stand. Rick - - - each 1 8 9 381 Steam. Boat. The powers required to give a boat different velocities in still water are as follows : — 3 miles per hour 5^ horses power. 4 do. do. 13 do. 5 do. do. 25 do. 6 do. do. 43 do. 7 do. do. 69 do. 8 do. do. 102 do. 9 do. do. 146 do. 10 do. do. 200 do. The mechanical power, or power of a steam engine, to impel a boat in still water, must be as the cube of the velocity. Therefore, if an engine of 12 horses power will impel a boat seven miles per hour, it will require one of 35 horses power to impel the same boat at the rate of ten miles per hour. The action of what is called a 25 horse power engine, is just equal to the impulse given by 1000 cubic feet of water falling through the height of ten feet. Engine. See Engine. Packets. See Packets. Pipe. See Pipe. Steel. Bar, best mark blister - percwt. second mark do. - - do. C C N D and inferior mark do. Cast and shear, fths square and above ; also IJ broad by fths thick and above - - per cwt. 3 12 2 8 2 4 2 2 382 £ s, d. Steel. Cast and shear, i and under fths square ; also fths broad and above i thick per cwt. 4 3-]6ths square; also a J to i inch broad. per cwt. 4 10 cast steel in ingots - do. 3 refined in ditto - - do. 3 3 Saw - - - do. 3 10 Sheet, rolled cast steel in sheets, wire gage No. 12 to 17 do. 3 10 do. 18 to 20 do. 3 12 do. 21 to 24 do. 3 16 Spring, for coach work - do. 2 2 Square and round drawn by hand, from 1*. 2d. to - - per lb. 3 6 Steel-Mill. See Mill Step. Common or steel plate for capoose, * 1 steel step or plate ground and po- lished both sides - each 11 and capoose, patent - do. 110 Still. Copper, to contain 600 gallons, with cop- per cone head and pewter neck, copper condenser, with internal and external w^orms, neck with connectinof pipes complete ; and a large pewter worm for the still - each 825 the same, patent - - do. 896 Stocks and Dies. One set of London made screw stocks and screw plate, fitted up with set screws, 4 pair of cast steel dies, 28 cast steel plug and taper bits properly assorted for fine and coarse threads, to screw bolts from a J to 2 in. complete. One large and two small screw wrenches for the above - each Stock. Pad, 1 do. with 24 bits - do. 1 do. with 36 bits - do. i2 10 1 1 1 10 383 Stone. Common, specific gravity per foot cube, 156J lbs. Portland do. do. 149 lbs. 15 cube feet one ton, per foot cube Rotten - - - per lb. Iron shot or horseman's weight 14 lbs. Meat 8 lbs. Hemp 32 lbs. Wool, 14 lbs. Stool. Music. See Cabinet Makers^ Work. Stoves. Register^ elliptic - - each do. with japanned front - do. do. ground do. and ornaments do. bed room - - per inch do. elliptic - - do. * do. and polished bars do. ironing stoves - - each do. with 3 ft. of pipe elbow and pan complete - - each Strainer. Sugar, 2 ft. diam. 36 hole, 7 inch rims 2 do. 46 do. do. 2 do. 60 do. do. 2 ft. 6 in. diam., 36 hole, 9 inch rims do 2 6 do. 46 do. do. 2 6 do. 60 do. do. Strike. 2 bushels, or 4436f solid inches. Sugar-Mill. See Mill. £ s. d. Sulphur, - - _ Surveyors. Commission for measuring, amount under £100 2 J per cent. from £100 to £500 2 do. from 500 to 1000 U do. from 1000 and upwards 1 do. For do. and drawings. See Estimates. 5 4 1 5 2 3 10 4 5 6 1 1 6 each 16 do. 18 do. 1 1 ; do. 1 7 do. 1 10 do. 1 15 per lb. 8 384 Surveyors. District, appointed by Act of Parliament, with their different districts and residences : — Acton, Samuel, 30, Wilson-street, Finsbury-square. St Luke's, Old-street, | Glasshouse Yard Liberty. Baker, Henry, Tavistock-place. St. Pancras. Beachcroft, Samuel, Sloane Terrace. St. Luke's, Chelsea. Beazley, Charles, Whitehall. St. James's, Clerken- I St. John's, Clerkenwell. well. I Cant well, Joseph, 20, Great Marlborough- street. St. Clement's Danes. St. Paul's, Covent Garden. St. Mary-le-Strand. Cockerell, Samuel Pepys, Old Burlington-street. St. George's, Hanover-square. Craig, Charles Alex., Great George- street, Westminster. St. Mary, Lambeth. | St. Mary, Newington. Donaldson, James, 8, Bloomsbury-square. St. Andrew, Holborn. I St. George the Martyr, Liberty of the Rolls. 1 Queen-square. Edwards, George, Duncan Place, City Road. . St. Sepulchre without. | St. Mary, Islington. Gibson, Jesse, Grove-street, Hackney. Ward of Lime-street. I Ward of Aldgate. Ditto of Tower. | Ditto of Portsoken. GofF, Major, Wellclose Square. Tower Royalty. Gutch, George, Bridge House, Harrow Road. Paddington. 385 Surveyors, District. Districts and Residences. Hill, Charles, Scot's Place, Islington, and 4, Brick-lane, Spitalfields. Mile End, New Town. I Christ Church, Spitalfields. St. Paul's, Shadwell. | Hunt, Thomas Frederick, St. James's Palace. Ely Rents. Hatton Garden Li- berty. Precinct of the Savoy. St. Mary-le- Strand within. Duchy of Lancaster. Saffron Hill Liberty. Jupp, William, 37, Old Broad-street. St. Ann's, Limehouse. St. Ann's, Blackwall. St. Catharine's Pre- cinct. St. John's, Wapping. Mile End, Old Town. Mile End, Poplar. Hamlet of Ratcliffe. Stepney. Kendall, H. G., Suffolk-street, Pall Mall East. St. Martin's in the St. Ann's, Soho. Fields. Kinnaird, William, 5, Euston Place, Euston Square. St. George, Blooms- I St. Giles's, bury. I Leroux, Henry, Hackney. Bethnal Green. I St. Mary, Bow, by Stratford. St. John's, Hackney. | Mayhew, J. G. 18, Argyle- street. St. James's, Westminster. Mason, William, Commercial Road, Whitechapel. St. Biddolph, Aldgate I St. George's in the East, without. I 3 c 386 Surveyors, District. Districts and Residences. Meymott, William Gurr, Southampton-street, Camberwell. St. John, South wark. I St. Thomas, Southwark. St. Olave, ditto. Montague, William, Office of Works, Guildhall. Ward within. Ditto of without. of Aldersgate Aldersofate Ward of Cheapside. Ditto of Farringdon without. St. Bartholomew the Great. St. Bartholomew the Less. Montague, James, Office of Works, Guildhall. Ward of Bassishaw. Ditto of Billingsgate. Ditto of Bishopsgate within. Ditto of Bishopsgate without. Ward of Cripplegate without. Ditto of Broad-street Ditto of Coleman-street. Ditto of Cornhill. Ditto of Cripples^ate within. St. Martin's-le-Grand. Pilkington, William, Whitehall. St. John the Evan- I St. Margaret, Westminster, gelist, Westminster. | Porter, George, Fort Place, Bermondsey. St. Mary, Bermondsey, I St. Mary, Rotherhithe. Southwark. Roper, David, Jun., Stamford-street, Blackfriar's Road. Christ Church, Surrey. St. Saviour's, Southwark. St. Geo., Southwark. Smith, George, 8, Bread-street Hill, Cheapside. Ward of Bread-street. Ditto of Bridge. Ditto of Candlewick. Ditto of Castle Bay- nard. Ditto of Cordwainers. Ward of Dowgate. Ditto of Farringdon within. Ditto of Queenhithe. Ditto of Vintry. Ditto of Walbrook. Bridewell Precinct. 387 Surveyors, District. Districts and Residences. White, John. Upper End of Devonshire Place, New Road- St Mary-le-bone. Wharton, Matthew, 29, Spital Square. St. Leonard, Shore- I Liberty of Norton Falgate. ditch. I Wharton, Matthew, Jun., Broad-street, Ratcliffe. St. Mary, Whitechapel. £ s. d. Swage. Cast iron for smiths, &c. per cwt. 14 SwiNGTREES. See Trees. T. Table. Equation, useful in valuing landed estates and other property, and to regulate the investment of money ; shewing also the value which the public funds and landed estates should bear to each other, to yield the same annual interest. This table comprises a variety of annual interests, per cent, between £6 9*. and £2 19^. 8g?. per cent, upon sterling money. The equivalent rates of interest upon different funds stand upon the horizontal lines. Thus, when the price of 3 per cent consols is 75, the equivalent price of South Sea Stock is 87 J, and of 4 per cents. 100. Ster- ling money is then worth 4 per cent, and either of them is equivalent to a bargain of land at 25 years' purchase. If any of the funds are below this relative rate, then, all other things being the same, that would be the fund in which it would be best to invest money. On the day when this is written, 3 per Cent Con- sols are at 87|; 3g per Cents, are 95f ; 4 per Cents. 103i ; India Stock 222 ; Bank Stock 209. 388 Table. To regulate the investment of money, &c. ! BankCous. 3 South Sea Stock. Old New 4 Bank Stock India Stock Year's Purchase Annual Interest. per Cents. 3* per Cents, per Cents. 10 per Cents. 10^ per Cents. of Land. per cent. 46i 54J 62 155 162f 151 £6 95.0^. 48 56 64 160 168 16 6 5 49i 57f 66 . 165 173i 16i 6 1 2 51 591 68 170 1784 17 5 17 7 521 61i 70 175 1831 m 5 14 3 54 63 72 180 189 18 5 11 1 55-1 64f 74 185 1941 181 5 8 I 57 66J 76 190 3991 19 5 5 3 58J 68i 78 195 2041 191 5 2 7 60 70 80 200 210 20 5 61J 71| 82 205 2151 201 4 17 6 63 731 84 210 2204 21 4 15 2 641 75i 86 215 225f 21J 4 13 66 77 88 220 231 22 4 10 11 67J 78f 90 225 236} 224 4 8 10 69 81J 92 230 2414 23" 4 6 11 701 821 94 235 246f 234 4 5 1 72 84 96 240 252 24 4 3 4 731 85| 98 245 257} 241 4 1 7 75 874 100 250 2621 25 4 761 89^ 102 255 267f 251 3 18 6 78 91 104 260 273 26 3 17 79i 921 106 265 278} 261 3 15 6 81 Mi 108 270 2834 27 3 14 1 821 96i 110 275 288} 271 3 12 9 84 98 112 280 294 28 3 11 5 851- 99f 114 285 299} 284 3 10 2 87 1011 116 290 3041 29" 3 8 11 881 103J 118 295 3091 294 3 7 9 90 105 120 300 315 30" 3 6 8 91i 106J 122 305 320} 304 3 5 7 93 1081 124 310 3251 31 3 4 6 941 llOi 126 315 330| 31i 3 3 6 96 112 128 320 336 32 3 2 6 971 113f 130 325 341} 324 3 1 7 99 1151 132 330 3461 33^ 3 8 1004 117i 134 335 351 334 2 19 8 389 £ s. d. Table. Billiard, plain neat table each 78 15 from £78 155. to - do. 137 10 Mahogany. See Cabinet Makers^ Work, Of glass, is 5 feet, and 45 tables 1 case, of Newcastle do. 25 tables 1 case. Tacks. Flemish, 4 ounce - per thousand 8|- 8 do. - - do. 9 14 do. - - do. 10 Tallow - - - per lb. 9 Tank. See Back. Taps and Dies. See Stocks^ ^c. Tar. - - - per gallon 18 Coal tar, brown - per cwt. 18 Tarpauling, loan of, per day - each 10 Teaches. See Boiler. Tenancy. By the year, Every tenant of premises from year to year, or where no certain time is specified, is bound to give his land- lord half a year's notice ; and it is imperative that this notice be so given as to expire on the same quarter day as that on which he took possession. If a landlord accept the last quarter's rent, when there are arrears due on a former quarter, he precludes himself from demanding the arrears ; and it is said no proof will afterwards be admitted to show that they were unpaid. If a landlord covenant to repair a house, and neglect or refuse to do so, the tenant may make all neces- 390 Tenancy. sary repairs, and deduct the ex- penses out of rent, which the land- lord will be bound to submit to. When notice is given improperly on either side, as a quarter where half a year is necessary, or up to a wrong time, such improper notice should be objected to as soon as possible. If no objection be made to a notice, although wrongful, within a reason- able time, such notice will be deemed binding on the party accepting it. Tenancy. Lodgings. The law does not make any distinction between lodgers and other tenants, as to the payment of their rent, or the turning them out of possession. A housekeeper has the same power to distrain the goods of his lodger for rent as a landlord has over those of his tenant ; and he may detain the property of his lodger, whilst on the premises, till the rent be paid ; but not unless such rent be actually due. Where lodgings are taken for a cer- tain term only, no notice whatever is necessary ; the tenancy of course expiring simultaneously with the term. Where lodgings are let to a man and his wife, the taking is that of the husband only. , If persons who occupy furnished apart- ments absent themselves for an un- reasonable time, without apprising 39i Tenancy. Lodgings. the housekeeper, and leaving their rent in arrear, they should be aware that if the housekeeper has reason to believe it is not their intention to return shortly, he may, the second week of such absence, send for a constable, and in his presence enter the apartments, and take out the Jodger's property, and secure until a request be made for it See Boiler. £ s. d. Teaches. Thatcher. Straw, for thatching buildings with good straw per square 15 Materials, &c. for 1 square, straw, fds of a load bundle of laths 1 lb. of rope for 40 withs, and 200 of nails labour £ t. 15 2 15 Thrashing Machine. See Machine. Tierce. 42 gallons. Tile. Cast iron For glazing Glazed Pan Paving, 10 inch Plain Ridge See Bricklayer. Method of Measuring, A square piece of timber equally thick at both ends, is a prism ; a round piece equally thick at both ends is a cylinder; a square piece that tapers regularly is each 1 ^ do. 1 4 do. 2 4 per thousand 6 do. 16 do. 2 5 do. 6 6 Tiling. Timber. 392 £ s. d. Timber. Method of Measuring. the frustrum of a pyramid; and a round piece that tapers regularly is the frustrum of a cone ; and the con- tents of these solids may be exactly computed by their respective rules. But because the mensuration of tapering timber by the exact rules is trouble- some, an approximation has taken place, and the contents of such trees are gene- rally computed by the following rule : Multiply the square of the girt in inches by the length in feet, divide the pro- duct by 144, and the quotient will give the content in feet. Remarks. The girt of a piece of timber is a fourth part of its compass or cir- cumference in the middle. Trees of irregular growth must be mea- sured in parts, or pieces, as above directed. Allowance must bd made for the thick- ness of bark if on the tree. Tin, Bar - - - per lb. 11 Block - - - do. 2 Chrystallized. — ^Take a sheet of what is termed double-cross-tin, that being the most proper for the purpose, and cleanse it from all grease with the finest white- ning and water, and a piece of soft wash leather; having done this, get some of the strongest muriatic acid, which is commonly called spirits of salts, and pour some of this into a saucer, and with a piece of rag wash well all over both sides of the plate, for 393 Tin. Chrystallized, then you can chuse which is the hand- somest figures you will have; then take a vessel large enough to dip the tin in, and wash it, and it may be var- nished with anv colours afterwards. £ 5. d. Tire. Hoop, old per cwt. 9 Ring per lb. 6 Strake do. ^ Tobacco Engine. See Engine. Tod. Of wool, 28 lbs. A wey, or 6Uods, 182 lbs. Tools. Farrier's one set 4 4 Wheelwright's do. 4 15 Ton. 20cwt. or 2240 lbs. Tow. Flax per lb. 7i Hemp do. 3 Traps. Rat, No. 1 spring - each 1 2 do. 1 1 3 do. 1 3 4 - - do. 1 4 Spring, patent do. 5 Wire do. 14 inch with 2 holes do. 3 6 do. 16 do. 3 do. do. 5 Tray. See Cabinet-mahers Work. Trees. Swingle attached to draught arms do. 2 6 do. do. do. per set 18 Trough. Cast iron for cattle, No. 1 each 2 2 do. do. 2 do. 4 4 for dogs, single do. 6 do. double - do. 7 6 for horses do. 2 10 for pigs No. 1 do. 9 do. 2 - - do. 10 6 do. 3 do. 12 6 do. 4 . . do. 15 do. 5 do. 18 do. 6 - do. 1 4 3d 394 Trowel. Brick Laying do. - Stone do. Truck. Grain each - do. do. - do. 1 1 1 1 1 11 6 8 Truss. Of new hay, 60 lbs. old hay, 56 do. straw 36 do. 36 trusses one load. Tube. Flexible for relieving cattle when hoven or choked - - each do. do. for sheep - do. 1 1 10 6 Tun. a tan of fish oil is 252 gallons. Ado. of seed oil is 256 do. Is 2 pipes, or 4 hogsheads. Turners. Cement. See Cement. Turpentine. Oil of, do. do. per lb. per gallon 5 9 6 Tynes. Dibble, for stony land per set 1 1 V. Valuation Duty. Extract from an Act of 48 Geo. III. It is enacted, That the valu- ation of any estate or effects, real or personal, or of any interest therein, or of the annual value thereof, or of any dilapidations or repairs wanted, or of the materials and labour used or to be used in any building, or of any artifi- cer's work whatsoever, where the amount of such valuation or appraise- ment shall not exceed £50 2 6 395 £ s. d Valuation Duty. £50 and not exceeding £100 5 100 do. do. 200 10 200 do. do. 500 15 all above 500 . . 1 See Auctioneer. Varnish. Black - per gallon 12 Carriage copal - per pint 2 Vat, or Strike. 9 bushels. Vice. Smiths', best bright . - per lb. ^ common do. - . do. 6 do. do. . each 1 7 Hand, No. 1. - . do. 3 9 2 do. 4 3 3 - . do. 5 4 6 inch do. 6 Vitriol. Oil of - per lb. 5 u. Umbrellas. Loan of, by the Company who have published the stations where the public may be accommodated : For three hours or less, or from nine o'clock in the evening until nine o'clock the next morning, is four- pence ; and from three to twelve hours, sixpence. Four shillings to be left as a deposit, which will be returned at any one of the stations. Uprights. Cast iron for corn ricks each bearers for do. - - do. 10 5 396 Wages. w. Table to calculate wages and other pay- ments. Year. Per Month. Per Week. Per Day. £ £ s. d. £ s. d. 5. d. 1 1 8 4f Of 2 3 4 9J U 3 5 1 If 2 4 6 8 1 6J 2f 5 8 4 1 11 3J G 10 2 3i 4 7 11 8 2 8J 4i 8 13 4 3 Of 5i- 9 15 . 3 51 6 10 16 8 3 10 6i 11 18 4 4 2f 7J 12 1 4 7i 8 13 1 1 8 4 llf Si 14 1 3 4 5 4J 9J 15 1 5 5 9 9i 16 1 6 8 6 If lOJ 17 1 8 4 6 6| lU 18 1 10 6 101 111 19 1 11 8 7 31 1 Oi 20 1 13 4 7 8 1 n 30 2 10 11 6 1 7f 40 3 6 8 15 4 2 21 50 4 3 4 1 19 2 2 9 60 5 3 OJ 3 3J 70 5 16 8 6 lOJ 3 10 80 6 13 4 10 8i 4 41 90 7 10 14 6i 4 Hi 100 8 6 8 18 4J 5 5S If the wages be guineas instead of pounds, for each guinea add one penny to each month, or one farthing to each Week. 2i 2 6 G 6 10 397 £ s. d. Waggon. Common 4-wheeled for light work, complete - - each 70 do. strong for heavy work 80 Wain. Iron work for fitting up in the West Indies, as also waggons and heavy carts - - per cwt. 2 9 Wainscotting. See Carpenter. Walnut-tree. Specific gravity per foot cube, 42 lbs. Wallhooks. - - - per lb. Wash. Sheffield silver, for re-plating plated articles - - per box Washers. See Collars. Washer Root. Improved - each ditto with basket attached do. Water-closet. See Closet ^ Water of Lime, or Limewater, Upon three or four ounces of quick lime pour ten or twelve ounces of soft water, agitate the mixture well, then let it settle for two or three hours, and afterwards pour off the transpa- rent liquid, and put it into a bottle with a ground stopper to prevent the contact of air, which has the effect of precipitating the lime that the water holds in solution. Wedges. Box, assorted - - per dozen 6 Beech for boxing wheels do. 6 Iron - - per lb. 5^ Weighbridge. For heavy goods, live cattle, and road waggons, from £15 to each 100 Weighing Machine. See Machine. Weights. Cast iron, of all sizes, of the best form, adjusted and stamped per cwt. 1.0 Weights and Measures. Introduction, For the information of persons unacquainted with decimals, it may be necessary to say, that the 100th parts, which are inserted in the Tables for the sake of accuracy, is in most cases scarcely worthy of notice ; but when they are upwards of 50, they may be considered as a quarter of a pint ; for in- stance, in Table IV. 18 wine gallons are (within the l^ part of a pint) equal to 15 gallons of the New Standard. This remark particularly applies to 30, 42, and 60 Gallons in the same table. The tables which are here given, comparing the Old Measure with those established by this Act, are comprehen- sive in themselves ; Tables I., III., and V., shewing the value of any quantity of the New Standard, when compared with the Old — and Tables II., IV., and VI., shewing how much of the New Standard any quantity of the Old is equal to : yet the following observations, placing the subject in a different point of view, may perhaps render it still more easy to be understood. From the 14th section of the Act, it appears that the New Standard Gallon is to contain 277*274 cubic inches; the present Beer Gallon contains 282, the Wine Gallon 231, and the Dry Gallon 268*8 cubic inches. The New Gallon is about g, less than the present Beer Gallon, and will not produce any reduction in the retail price; the change will therefore be chiefly in favour of dealers, unless an adequate improvement be made in the quality. By Table I. it will be seen that 60 new Gallons are very nearly equal to 59 gallons of the present Beer Standard ; and by Table II., that 60 Beer Gallons are a mere trifle more than 61 New Gallons, 399 Weights and Measures. The difference in the Wine Measure is very considerable ; the New Gallon being, as nearly as possible, J greater than the present; a corresponding apparent change in price will of course be made. Wine, &c. which is now sold at 5s. per quart, must be charged 6s. Spirits, &c. at 15s. per gallon will apparently rise to 18*. and so on. By Table III. it appears that 5 New Gallons are equal to 6 Wine Gallons ; and by Table IV., that 6 Wine Gallons are (within the ^ part of a pint) equal to 5 New Gallons ; that is, the Wine Gallon is I less than the New Standard. In Dry Measure, the New Gallon exceeds the present by about 3^. This difference is too small to affect the retail price, and the purchasers will generally have the advantage. It is shewn in Table V., that the Corn Chaldron, of 32 Bushels of the New Standard, is nearly equal to 33 Bushels of the present Dry Measure ; and in Table VI., that 32 Bushels, Old Standard, are about equal to 31 of the New. Tables II., IV., and VI. will be found serviceable for persons who wish to continue to use their present measures, agreeably to the provision in Section 16 of the Act. In the common Tables of Weights and Measures, we have distinguished, by Italics, those weights and measures which are established by the present Act, from those which custom alone has sanctioned. Abstract of an act for ascertaining and establishing uniformity of weights and measures. [passed JUNE 17, 1824.] The Preamble. The preamble sets forth that it is necessary for the secu- rity of commerce, and for the good of the community, that weights and measures should be just and uniform ; and that notwithstanding it is provided by the Great Charter, that 400 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act there shall be but one measure and one weight throughout the realm, and by the Treaty of Union between England and Scotland, that the same weights and measures should be used throughout Great Britain as were then established in Eng- land ; yet different weights and measures, some larger and some less, are still in use in various places throughout the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and that the true measure of the present standards is not verily known, which is the cause of great confusion and of manifest frauds. Standard Yard Defined. I. For the remedy and prevention of these evils for the future, and to the end that certain standards of weights and measures should be established throughout the United King:- dom of Great Britain and Ireland; it is enacted. That from the 1st of May, 1825, the straight line or distance between the centres of the two points in the gold studs in the straight brass rod, whereon " Standard Yard, 1760," is engraved, shall be the original and genuine Standard Yard ; and that the same straight line in the said brass rod, (the brass being at the temperature of sixty-two degrees by Fahrenheit's thermometer,) shall be denominated the " Imperial Standard Yard," and shall be the unit or only standard measure of extension wherefrom all other measures of extension whatso- ever, whether lineal, superficial, or solid shall be derived, computed, and ascertained ; and that all measures of length shall be taken in parts or multiples, or certain proportions of the said standard yard ; and that one-third part thereof shall be a foot, and the twelfth part of such foot shall be an inch ; and that the rod, pole, or perch, in length, shall con- tain five such yards and a half, the furlong two hundred and twenty such yards, and the mile one thousand seven hundred and sixty such yards. 401 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. Superficial Measures to be computed from the Standard Yard, II. All superficial measures shall be computed by the said standard yard, or by certain proportions thereof; and the rood of land shall contain one thousand two hundred and ten square yards ; and the acre of land shall contain four thou- sand eight hundred and forty such square yards, being one hundred and sixty square perches, poles, or rods. Standard Yard, if lost, 8fc. may he restored. III. It has been ascertained by the commissioners ap- pointed by his Majesty to inquire into the subject of weights and measures, that the said standard yard, when compared with a pendulum vibrating seconds of mean time in the latitude of London, in a vacuum at the level of the sea, is in the proportion of thirty-six inches to thirty-nine inches, and one thousand three hundred and ninety-three ten-thousandth parts of an inch ; it is therefore enacted. That if at any time hereafter the said imperial standard yard shall be lost, or shall be in any manner destroyed, defaced, or otherwise injured, it shall be restored by making, under the direction of the Lord High Treasurer, or the Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury, or any three of them for the time being, a new standard yard, bearing the same proportion to such pendulum as aforesaid, as the said imperial standard yard bears to such pendulum. Standard Pound defined. IV. From the 1st of May, 1825, the standard brass weight of one pound troy weight, made in the year 1758, shall be the original and genuine standard measure of weight, and such brass weight shall be denominated the Imperial Standard Troy Pound, and shall be the unit or only standard measure of weight, from which all other weights 3 E 402 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. shall be computed ; and one-twelfth part of the said troy pound shall be an ounce ; and one-twentieth part of such ounce shall be a pennyweight ; and one-twenty-fourth part of such pennyweight shall be a grain ; so that five thousand seven hundred and sixty such grains shall be a troy pound : also seven thousand such grains shall be a pound avoirdu- pois, and one-sixteenth part thereof shall be an ounce avoirdupois, and one-sixteenth part of such ounce shall be a dram. Standard Pounds if lost, 8fc. may be restored. V. It has been ascertained by the commissioners appointed by his Majesty to inquire into the subject of weights and measures, that a cubic inch of distilled water, weighed in air by brass weights, at the temperature of sixty-two degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer, the barometer being at thirty inches, is equal to two hundred and fifty-two grains and four hundred and fifty-eight thousandth parts of a grain, of which, as aforesaid, the imperial standard troy pound con- tains five thousand seven hundred and sixty ; it is therefore enacted, That if at any time hereafter the said imperial standard troy pound shall be lost, or shall be in any manner destroyed, defaced, or otherwise injured, it shall be restored by making, under the directions of the Lord High Treasurer, or the Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or any three of them for the time being, a new standard troy pound, bearing the same proportion to the weight of a cubic inch of distilled water, as the said standard pound bears to such cubic inch of water. Standard Gallon to contain 10 pounds Avoirdupois of Water. VI. From the 1st day of May, 1825,the Standard Measure of Capacity, as well for liquids as for dry goods not measured 403 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. by heaped measure, shall be the Gallon, containing ten pounds avoirdupois weight of distilled water weighed in air, at the temperature of sixty-two degrees of Fahrenheit's ther- mometer, the barometer being at thirty inches ; and a measure shall be forthwith made of brass, of such contents as aforesaid, under the directions of the Lord High Treasurer, or the Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury of the United Kingdom, or any three or more of them for the time being ; and such brass measure shall be the Imperial Standard Gallon, and shall be the unit and only standard measure of capacity, from which all other measures of capacity to be used as well for wine, beer, ale, spirits, and all sorts of liquids, as for dry goods not measured by heaped measure, shall be computed ; and all measures shall be taken in certain proportions to the said Imperial Standard Gallon ; and the quart shall be the fourth part thereof, and the pint shall be one-eighth thereof, and two such gallons shall be a peck, and eight such gallons shall be a bushel, and eight such bushels a quarter of corn or other dry goods, not measured by heaped measure. Standard for Heaped Measure, Vll, The standard measure of capacity for coals, culm, lime, fish, potatoes, or fruit, and all other goods and things commonly sold by heaped measure, shall be the aforesaid bushel, containing eighty pounds avoirdupois of water as aforesaid, the same being made round with a plain and even bottom, and being nineteen inches and a half from outside to outside of such standard measure as aforesaid. How the Bushel shall be heaped. VIII. In making use of such bushel, all coals and other goods and things commonly sold by heaped measure, shall be duly heaped up in such bushel, in the form of a cone, 404 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act such cone to be of the height of at least six inches, and the outside of the bushel to be the extremity of the base of such cone ; and three bushels shall be a sack, and twelve sacks shall be a chaldron. Weight or Heaped Measure to be used for Coals^ SfC Weight or Stricken Measure for other articles. IX. All contracts, bargains, sales, and dealings, for any coals, culm, lime, fish, potatoes, or fruit, and all other goods and things commonly sold by heaped measure, sold, deli- vered, done or agreed for, or to be sold, &c. by weight or measure, shall be either according to the said standard of weight, or the said standard for heaped measure; but all contracts, &c. and dealings for any other goods, wares, or merchandize, or other thing to be sold, &c. by weight or mea- sure, shall be made according to the said standard of weight, or to the said gallon, or the parts, multiples, or proportions thereof; and in using the same the measures shall not be heaped, but shall be stricken with a round stick or roller, straight, and of the same diameter from end to end. Not to authonze selling by Measure instead of Weight in Ireland. X. Nothins^ herein contained shall authorize the sellinof in Ireland by measure, of any articles, which by any law in force in Ireland are required to be sold by weight only. Copies and Models of the several Standards to be made and verified. XI. Copies and models of each of the said standard yard, the said standard pound, the said standard gallon, and the said standard for heaped measure, and of such parts, and multiples thereof respectively, as the Lord High Treasurer of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or the 405 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. said Commissionei-s of his Majesty's Treasury, or any three of them for the time being, shall judge expedient, shall, within three calendar months next after the passing of this act, be carefully made and verified, under the direction of the said Lord High Treasurer, or the said Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury, or any three of them for the time being ; and the said copies and models of the said standards, and of parts and multiples thereof, so forthwith to be made and verified as aforesaid, shall, within three calendar months after the passing of this act, be deposited in the office of the Chamberlains of the Exchequer at Westminster, and copies thereof, verified as afore^^id, shall be sent to the Lord Mayor of London, and the chief magistrates of Edinburgh and Dub- lin, and of such other cities and places, and to such other places and persons in his Majesty's dominions or elsewhere, as the Lord High Treasurer or Commissioners of the Treasury may from time to time direct. Models and Copies to be provided for Counties^ ^c, XIL His Majesty's justices of the peace, in every county, riding, or division in England or Ireland, or shire or stewartry in Scotland, and the magistrates in every city, town, or place (being a county within itself) in England or L-eland, and in every city or royal burgh in Scotland, shall, within six calendar months after the passing of this act, pur- chase for their respective counties, &c. a model and copy of each of the aforesaid standards of length, weight, measure, and of each of the parts and multiples thereof; which models and copies, when so purchased, shall be compared and verified with the models and copies deposited with the Chamberlains of the Exchequer, upon payment of such fees as are at present payable to the said Chamberlains upon the comparison and verification of weights and measures ; and such models and copies, when so compared and verified, shall be placed for custody and inspection with such person or 406 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. persons, and in such place or places, as the said justices and magistrates shall appoint, and the same shall be produced by the keeper or keepers thereof, upon reasonable notice, at such time or times, and place or places, within each such county, &c. as any person or persons shall by writing under his or their hand or hands require; the person requiring such production paying the reasonable charges of the same. Expences of procuring them^ 8fc. how to be paid. XIII. The expence of procuring and transmitting such models and copies for the respective counties, &c. shall be paid in England out of the rates payable in such counties, &c. ; and in Scotland, such expences shall be assessed by the Commissioners of Supply upon such shires, &c. by the magistrates thereof, and shall be paid along with the land- tax payable in such shires, &c., to the collectors of the land- tax ; and in Ireland such expences shall be paid in the res- pective counties by presentments to be made by grand juries ; and the collectors of such county rates in England, of land-tax in Scotland, and of the assessments under grand jury presentments in Ireland, shall have the same powers of levying and recovering the assessments to be made under this act, as are competent to them for levying and recovering the said county-rates, land-tax, and grand jury assessments respectively ; and the said collectors respectively shall, out of the proceeds of such assessments, pay the expences of procuring and transmitting such models and copies as afore- said accordingly. Measures to be ascertained^ where reference cannot be had to the Standards, XIV. In all cases of dispute respecting the correctness of any measure of capacity, arising in a place where recourse cannot be conveniently had to any of the verified copies or 407 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. models of the standard measures of capacity, or parts or mul- tiples of the same, it shall be lawful for any justice of the peace or magistrate having jurisdiction in such place, to ascertain the content of such measure of capacity by direct reference to the weight of pure or rain water which such mea- sure is capable of containing ; ten pounds avoirdupois weight of such water, at the temperature of sixty-two degrees by Fahrenheit's thermometer, being the standard gallon ascer- tained by this act, the same being in bulk equal to two hundred and seventy-seven cubic inches, and two hundred and seventy -four one-thousandth parts of a cubic inch, and so in proportion for all parts or multiples of a gallon. After May 1, 1825, all Conhads shall relate to the New Standards^ unless otherwise specified. XV. From the 1st of May, 1825, all contracts, bargains, sales, and dealings, which shall be made within any part of the United Kingdom for any work to be done, or for any goods, wares, merchandize, or other things to be sold, &c. by weight or measure, where no special agreement shall be made to the contrary, shall be deemed to be made according to the standard weights and measures ascertained by this act ; and in all cases where any special agreement shall be made, with reference to any weight or measure established by local custom, the ratio or proportion which every such local weight or measure shall bear to any of the said standard weights or measures, shall be expressed in such agreement, or otherwise it shall be null and void. Existing Weights and Measures may be used, being 'duly marked. After May 1, 1825, none shall be made except by the new Standards. XVI. Goods and merchandize may be bought and sold by any weights or measures established either by local 408 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. custom, or founded on special agreement ; Provided that the proportion which all such measures and weights shall bear to the standard weights and measures established by this act, shall be painted or marked upon all such customary weights and measures respectively; and that nothing herein con- tained shall extend to permit any maker of weights or mea- sures, or any person or persons whomsoever, to make any weight or measure at any time after the 1st of May, 1825, except in conformity with the standard weights and measures established under the provisions of this act. Hetits, 8fC, 'payable in Grain ^ S^c. in England and Ireland^ to he ascertained, XVII. For the purpose of ascertaining and fixing the pay- ments to be made in consequence of all existing contracts or rents in England and Ireland, payable in grain, malt, &c. and in consequence of any toll or rate heretofore payable according to the weights and measures heretofore in use ; it is enacted. That at the general or quarter sessions of the peace to be holden in every county, &c. in England or Ire- land, next after the expiration of six calendar months after the passing of this act, or at any general quarter sessions of the peace to be holden thereafter, an inquisition shall be taken before the justices assembled by the oaths of twelve substantial freeholders of the said respective counties, &c. having lands or tenements to the value of 100/. per annum, or upwards, to be summoned by the sheriff or proper officer of every such county, &c., to inquire into and ascertain the amount, according to the standard of weight or measure by this act established, of all contracts or rents payable ingrain, malt, &c., with reference thereto, and the amount of any toll or rate heretofore payable according to any weights and measures heretofore in use within such counties, &c. ; and such inquisitions, when taken, shall be transmitted by the 409 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. respective clerks of the peace of the same counties respec- tively, or by the mayor, or other head officer of every such city, &c. into his Majesty's courts of Exchequer at West- minster and Dublin respectively, and shall there be enrolled of record, and shall be given in evidence in any action or suit at law or in equity ; and the amount so to be ascertained shall be the rule of payment in regard to all such contracts, rents, tolls, or rates, in all time coming ; and the costs and charges of such inquisitions, and the enrolments thereof, shall be paid and defrayed in England out of the general rate or stock of every such county, &c. and in Ireland by presentments of the several grand juries. Henis, %c. payable in Grain, SfC. in Scotland, to be ascer- tained. XVIII. And for the purpose of ascertaining and fixing the payments to be made of all stipends, feu duties, rents, tolls, customs, casualities, and other demands whatsoever, payable in grain, &c. in Scotland, or in any place or district of the same ; it is enacted. That the sheriff depute or sheriif substitute in each shire, and the Stewart depute or stewart substitute in each stewartry, within Scotland, shall, as soon as convenient after the expiration of six calendar months from and after the passing of this act, summon and impan- nel a jury of the same number, and with the same qualifica- tions, which are required in the jury who strike the fair prices of grain within the same shire or stewartry, to assemble at such place or places as he shall find convenient ; which jury shall inquire into and ascertain the amount, according to the standards by this act established, of all such stipends, feu duties, rents, and other demands whatsoever, payable in grain, malt, &c., according to the weights and measures heretofore in use within the same shires or stewartries ; and such inquisitions, when taken, shall be transmitted by the respective sheriff clerks or stewart clerks of such shires 3 F 410 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. or stewartries, into his Majefsty's court of Exchequer at EldinbuTgh, and shall there be enrolled of record, and may be given in evidence at law, or in equity ; and the amount so to be ascertained shall, when converted into the standard weights and measures, be the rule of payment in regard to all such sti- pends, feu duties, and other demands whatsoever, in all time coming ; and the costs and charges of such inquisitions, and the enrolment thereof, shall be assessed and paid by every such shire or stewartry, as is hereinbefore directed in regard to the assessment for the models of the weights and mea- sures to be purchased for the same shire or stewartry. Tables of Equalization to be made, XIX. As soon as conveniently may be after Such inquisi- tions shall have been made and enrolled in England, Ireland, and Scotland respectively, accurate tables shall b6 prepared and published under the authority of the said commissioners of his Majesty's treasury, showing the proportions between the weights and measures heretofore in use, as- meifitioned in such inquisitions, and the weights and measures hereby established, with such other conversions of weights or mea- sures as the said commissioners of his Majesty's treasury may deem to be necessary : and after the publication of such tables all future payments to be made shall bd regulated according to such tables. Tables to be made for the Collection of CzcstcMs, ^c. XX. As soon as conveniently may be after the passing of this act, accurate tables shall be prepared and published under the direction of the said commissioners of the treasury for the time being, in order that the several rates and duties of customs and excise, &c. may be adjusted and made pay- able according to the respective quantities of the legal standards directed by this act to be universally used ; and 4ia Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. that from the 1st of May, 1825,. and the publication of such tables, the several rates and duties thereafter to be collected by any of the officers of customs or excise, &c., shall be collected and taken according to the calculations in the said tables. Regulaiions and PenaMies of Britiah Ads io :be appHed to this Ad. XXI. All the powers, rules, and regulations in force, and contained in the several acts hereinafter mentioned, for the ascertaining, examining, seizing, breaking, and destroying any weights, balances, or measures, shall be applied and put in execution in Great Britain for the ascertaining and exa- mining, and for the seizing, breaking, and destroying of any weights or measures not conformable to the standard weights and measures ascertained and authorised by this act, and for the punishment of any person having any defective weight or measure ; that is to say, in an act made in the parliament of Great Britain, in the 29th year of king George II., inti- tuled ' An Act for appointing a sufficient number of consta- bles for the service of the City and Liberty of Westminster, and to compel proper persons to take upon them the office of Jurymen, to prevent nuisances and other offences within the said City and Liberty ;' and in an act made in the 31st of George XL, for explaining, amending, and rendering more effectual the said recited, act of the 29th year; and in an act made in the 35th George III., intituled 'An Act for the more effectual prevention of the use of defective weights and of false and unequal balances ;' and in an act made in the 37th year of his said late Majesty's reign, for explaining and amending the said recited act of the said 35th year ; and and in an act made in the 55th year of his late Majesty, intituled ' An Act for the more effectual prevention of the use of false and deficient measures ; and all the powers. 412 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act rules, regulations, provisions, penalties, and forfeitures in the said several acts contained, shall be applied and put in exe- cution as if the weights or measures ascertained by this act had been specified in the said recited acts respectively, and as if all such powers, provisions, penalties, &c. and modes of recovery thereof, were repeated and re-enacted in this act, except only so far as the said recited acts, or any of them, or any part thereof, are expressly repealed or altered by this act, or any other act or acts. Regulations and Penalties of Irish Acts to be applied to this Act XXII. All the powers, rules, and regulations in force and contained in the several acts hereinafter mentioned, passed in the parliament of Ireland, shall be applied and put in execution in Ireland, for the ascertaining and examining, and for the seizing, breaking, and destroying of any weights or measures not conformable to the standard weights and measures ascertained and authorized by this act, and for the punishment of any person having any defective weight or measure, or not conformable to the said standard weights and measures, and for the carrying into effect the several provisions of the said recited acts with reference to the said standard weights and measures ; that is to say, in an act made in the 4th year of the reign of Queen Anne, for regu- lating the weights used in Ireland ; and in an act made in the 11th of king George II., for buying and selling all sorts of corn and meal, and other things in the said act mentioned, by weight ; and in an act made in the 25th of George II., intituled ' An Act for buying and selling all sorts of corn and meal, and other things therein mentioned, by weight, and for the more effectual preventing the frauds committed in the buying and selling thereof ;' and in an act made in the 27th year of George III., intituled * An Act for estab- 413 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. lishing market juries in cities,' and which said last mentioned act was by an act made in the 28th year of his said late Majesty's reign, extended to all counties of towns and corporate towns in Ireland ; and all the powers, regula- tions, penalties, &c. in the said several acts contained, shall be applied and put in execution, as if the weights or measures ascertained by this act had been specified in the said recited acts respectively, and as if such powers, regula- tions, penalties, &c. and the modes of recovery thereof, were repeated and re-enacted in this act, except only so far as the said recited acts or any of them, or any part thereof, are expressly repealed or altered by this or any other act. Former Ads repealed. XXIII. The several statutes, ordinances, and acts, and parts thereof herein-after mentioned, so far as the same relate to the ascertaining or establishing any standards of weights and measures, or certain differences between weights and measures of the same denomination, shall, from the 1st day of May, 1825, be repealed ; that is to say, certain ancient statutes made previous to the reign of king Edward III., of uncertain date, known by the names or descriptions follow- ing : ' The assize of bread and ale ;' ' Statute concerning bakers, &c.;' 'Assize of weights and measures;' 'Statute for the measuring of land ;' and also so much of a statute made in the 14th of Edward III., as relates to the making of bushels and weights, and sending the same into every county ; and as directs that the sack of wool ought to con- tain twenty-six stones, and every stone fourteen pounds ; and also so much of a statute made in the 18th of Edward III., as relates to commissioners to assay weights and mea- sures ; and also so much of a statute made in the 25th of Edward III., as relates to auncel weight, and the weight of the sack of wool, and as relates to the bushel, half bushel, peck, gallon, pottle, and quart, and to the quarter and mea- 414 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. sure of corn; and also so much of the statute or -ordinance of the staples, made in the 27th of Edward III., as r>eljUesto the uniformity of weights and measures throughout the realm; and also so much of a statute made in the Slat of Edward III., as relates to the regulating the price and weight of wools, and as relates to the tun of wine and the gauging thereof; and also so much of a statute made in the 34th of Edward III., whereby justices of the peace are em- powered to enquire of weights and measures^ and also so much of a statute made in the 4th of Richard II., as relates to the gauging of vessels of wine, honey, oil, and other liquors brought into the realm ; and also so much of a sta- tute made in the 13th of Richard II., as relates to the regu- lating of weights and measures, and to the buying and selling of wool at fourteen pounds the stone ; and also so much of a statute made in the 15th of Richard II., as relates to weights and measures of corn, wine, ale, and malt; and also so much of a statute made in the 16th of Richard II., as relates to the clerk of the market, and the assay of weights and measures made by him, and the using such weights and measures ; and also so much of a statute made in the 1st of Henry V., as concerns the true measure of corn, or as is intituled, ' An Act concerning the true measure of corn ;' and also so much of a statute made in the 2d of Henry VI., as relates to the several measures of vessels of wine, eels, herrings, and salmon ; and also so much of a statute made in the 8th of Henry VI., as relates to the confirming and amending former statutes concerning weights and measures, and requiring common balances and weights to be kept in all cities, boroughs, and towns ; and also so much of a sta- tute made in the 9th of Henry VI., as relates to the explaining the said statute of the 8th of Henry VI., con- cerning weights and measures, so far as relates to the bur- gesses of Dorchester ; and also so much of the said statute made in the 9th of Henry VI., as relates to the weight of a wey of cheese ; and also so much of a statute made in the 415 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. 11th of Henry VI., as relates to the confirming and amend- ing former statutes concerning weights and measures ; and also so much of a statute made in the 18th of Henry VI. as relates to the gauging of vessels of wine, oil, and honey; and also so much of a statute made in the 22d of Edward IV., as relates to the packing of barrelled fish, or as is inti- tuled, ' An Act for packing of barrelled fish ;' and also the whole of an act made in the 1st of Richard HI., intituled ' An Act to ascertain the contents of vessels of wine and oil,' or ' An Act for the contents of a butt of malmsey ;' and also an act made in the 7th of Henry VII., intituled ' An Act for weights and measures ;' and also another act made in the same year, intituled ' An Act to pay custom for every butt of malmsey;' and also an act made in the 11th of Henry VII., intituled, 'An Act for weights and measures;' and also an act made in the 12th of Henry VII., intituloi . * An Act for weights and measures ;' and also an act mada in the 23d of Henry VI II., intituled, * An Act that no brewers of beer or ale shall make their barrels, kilderkins, or firkins within them, and how much the same barrels, &c. shall contain ;' and also an act made in the 24th of Henry VIII., intituled, 'An Act concerning sale of wines;' and also an act made (in the Parliament of Ireland) in the 12th of Elizabeth, intituled, 'An Act for the establishing the standard of measures for corn within certain shires of this realm ;' and also so much of an act made in tiie 13th of Elizabeth, intituled 'An Act for the maintenance of the navigation : as relates to the assize of herring barrels ; and also so much of an act made in the 23d of Elizabeth, inti- tuled 'An Act touching the true melting, making, and working of wax,' as relates to the barrel, kilderkin, or firkin of honey ; and also the whole of an act, made in the 43rd of Elizabeth, intituled ' An Act concerning the assize of fuel;' and also an act made in the 16th of Charles I., inti- tuled ' An Act for the better ordering and regulating of the 416 Wkights and Measures. Uniformity Act. office of clerk of the market, allowed and confirmed by this statute ; and for the reformation of false weights and mea- sures ;' and also so much of an act made in the 12th of Charles II., intituled ' A grant of certain impositions upon beer, ale, and other liquors, for the increase of His Majesty's revenue during his life,' as relates to the contents of the bar- rel of beer and ale ; and also an act made in the 22d of Charles II., intituled ' An Act for ascertaining the mea- sures of corn and salt ;' and also an act made in the parlia- ment holden in the 22d and 23d years of Charles II., intituled 'An additional Act for ascertaining the measures of corn and salt;' and also so much of an act made in the 1st of William and Mary, intituled ' An Act for an additional duty of excise upon beer or ale and other liquors,' as relates to the contents of the barrel of beer and ale ; and also so much of an act made in the 5th and 6th of William and Mary, made, among other things, for granting to their Majesties certain rates and duties upon salt, and upon beer, ale, and other liquors, as relates to the measure and weight of salt ; and also an act made (in the parliament of Ireland) in the 7th of William III., for the better regu- lating of measures in and throughout that kingdom; and also so much of an act made in the 7th and 8th of William TIL, made for continuing to his Majesty certain duties upon salt, glass-wares, and earthen- wares, as relates to the mea- sure and weight of salt; and also the whole of an act made in the 9th and 10th of William III., intituled ' An Act that all retailers of salt shall sell by weight ;' and also so much of an act made in the 10th and 11th of William III., made, among other things, for levying further duties upon sweets, and for lessening the duties, as well upon vinegar, as upon certain low wines, as relates to the contents of a barrel of vinegar, vinegar beer, or liquor preparing for vinegar ; and also so much of another act made in the same 10th and 11th years of William III., intituled 'An Act for the more full 417 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. and effectual charging of the duties upon rock salt,' as relates to the weight or measure of rock salt ; and also the whole of an act made in the 11th and 12th of William III., intituled ' An Act for the ascertaining the measures for ^ retailing ale and beer; and also an act made in the 1st of Anne, intituled ' An Act to ascertain the water measure of fruit;' and also so much of an act made in the same year, intituled ' An Act for preventing frauds in the duties upon salt, and for the better payment of debentures at the Custom- house,' as relates to the weight and measure of foreign salt and rock salt ; and also an act made (in the parliament of Ireland) in the 2d of Anne, for supplying the defects of the hereinbefore recited act, passed in the parliament of Ireland in the 7th of William III. ; and also so much of an act made in the 5th and 6th of Anne, intituled ' An Act for conti- nuing several subsidies, impositions, and duties, and for making provisions therein mentioned, to raise money by way of loan for the service of the war, and other Her Majesty's necessary and important occasions, and for ascertaining the wine measure;' as relates to the contents of the gallon, tun, butt, pipe, and hogshead of wine ; and also so much of an act made in the 9th of Anne, made, among other things, for reviving, continuing, and appropriating certain duties upon several commodities to be exported, and certain duties upon coals to be water-borne and carried coastwise, as relates to the chaldron and bushel of coals; and also the whole of an act made in the said 9th year of Anne, for making more effectual the act of the 43d year of Elizabeth, concerning the assize of fuel ; and also an act made in the lOth of Anne, intituled ' An Act for explaining and altering the laws now in being concerning the assizes of fuel, so far as they relate to the assize of billet made or to be made of beech wood only ;' and also so much of an act, (made in the parliament of Ireland) in the 1st of George II., intituled ' An Act for preventing combinations to enhance the prices, and for avoiding exactions and abuses formerly practised in 3 G 418 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. the sale and measure of coals,' as relates to the dimensions of the half barrel, bushel, half bushel, peck, or half peck, of coals ; and also so much of an act made in the 8th of George II., made, among other things, for granting and continuing the duties upon salt and upon red and white herrings, as relates to the computation of the distance in miles between the pits and refineries of rock salt; and also an act made (in the parliament of Ireland) in the 9th of George II., intituled 'An Act for the ascertaining the guage and the measure of barrels and half barrels used by brewers in selling beer, ale, and small beer; and also so much of the statute made in the 24th of George II., intituled 'An Act for explaining, amending, and enforcing an act passed in the 13th year of his late Majesty's reign, intituled 'An Act for the better regulation of the linen and hempen manufactures in that part of Great Britain called Scotland, and for further regulating and encouraging the said manufactures,' as relates to the weight of hemp or flax ; and also an act made (in the parlia- ment of Ireland) in the 26th of George III., for preventing frauds in the measurement of lime ; and also so much of an act made in the 38th of George III., intituled ' An Act for transferring the manaofement of the salt duties to the com- missioners of Excise, and for repealing the duties on salt, and the drawbacks, allowances, and bounties thereon, as relates to the weight of a bushel of salt ;' and also so much of an act made in the 43d of George III., intituled ' An Act to repeal the duties of excise payable in Great Britain, and to grant other duties in lieu thereof,' as relates to the quart, gallon, and barrel of beer or ale ; and all the said recited statutes and acts, and parts thereof, so far as they relate to the ascertaining or establishing any standards of weights and measures, or certain differences between weights and measures of the same denomination, but no far- ther, or otherwise, except only so far as any such acts, &c. repeal any others which relate to the ascertaining or estab- lishing any standard of weights and measures, or certain 419 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. differences between weights and measures of the same deno- mination. Dean^ ^c. of Westminster^ to appoint Officer to size ana seal Weights and Measures. XXIV. Nothing in this act shall extend to repeal the hereinbefore recited act made in the parliament of Great Britain, in the 31st of George II., nor in any manner to affect or alter the power given by the said act to the dean, high steward, or his deputy, and the burgesses of the city of Westminster, to appoint a proper officer to size and seal all weights and measures used by persons dealing by weight and measure in the said city of Westminster and the liber- ties thereof; but all the powers given to the said dean, high steward, or his deputy, and burgesses, by the said recited act, shall be exercised in the appointing of a proper officer to size and seal all such weights and measures as shall, from the passing of this act, be lawful and be used by persons dealing by weight and measure within the said city and liber ties of Westminster, and shall be used and exercised by any officer so appointed, in the same manner in all respects as is directed by the said recited act. Lord Mayor to be Ganger as heretofore in London. XXV. After the passing of this act, all tuns, pipes, ter- tians, hogsheads, or other vessels of wine, oil, honey, and other guageable liquors, imported or brought into the port of London, and landed within the said city and the liberties thereof, shall be liable to be guaged, as heretofore, by the Lord Mayor of the said city for the time being, by virtue of his office of ganger, or by his sufficient deputies, lawfully appointed ; save and except that the contents of all such tuns, pipes, tertians, hogsheads, and other vessels shall be ascertained by the standard measure of capacity, for liquids 420 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. directed by this act, and the multiples thereof; and all such tuns, pipes, &c. that shall be found wanting of the true con- tents which such tuns, pipes, &c. ought to be of, to be ascer- tained as aforesaid, together with the wine and other liquids therein contained, shall be subject and liable to the like seizures and forfeitures as is or are provided by any act of parliament heretofore made, for ascertaining the true con- tents of tuns, pipes, &c. of gaugeable liquors; and the moieties of such forfeitures due to his Majesty, his heirs and successors, shall be, in like manner as heretofore, accounted for to his Majesty, his heirs and successors, in the Court of Exchequer at Westminster. jt4d not to affect the Privileges of the City of London as to the office of Ganger. XXVI. Any thing contained in the act s^all not extend to prohibit, or lessen the right of the city of London, or of the Lord Mayor of the said city for the time being, concern- ing the office of guager of wines, oils, honey, and other guageable liquors imported and landed within the city of London and the liberties thereof. Abstract of an act to prolong the time of the commencement op an act of the last session of parliament, for ascertaining and establishing uniformity of weights and measures, and to amend the said act. [passed MARCH 31, 1825.] It having been found impracticable to carry the provisions of the foregoing act into effect, on the 1st of May, 1825, the present act extends the time to January 1, 1826. All heaped measures are to be made cylindrical, and the 421 Weights and Measures. Uniformitv Act. diameter of such measures shall be at the least double the depth thei'eof, and the height of the cone or heap shall be equal to three-fourths of the depth of the said measure, the outside of the measure being the extremity or base of such cone. From the London Gazette. At a special court of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, held at Guildhall, on Thursday, September 25, 1825 ; The Lord Mayor communicated to the court that, having had numerous applications concerning the ineffective direc- tions contained in the above acts, in respect to heaped mea- sures, the diameter of the bushel only being defined, he had applied to the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, who referred the matter to the Commissioners of Weights and Measures, and received a report from Dr. WoUaston, that it would be unnecessary to express more than the breadth from outside to outside of the top of such respective mea- sures ; which are to be as follows : — Inches. Bushel - 19^ Half Bushel . 15i Peck - 12i Gallon, or Half Peck 9f Half Gallon, or Quartern 1 7| Half Quartern - 6* And thereupon the Lords Commissioners declared, that in the absence of any legislative provision on the subject, they could only issue directions to all persons who might be employed to prepare measures under their authority, to conform strictly to the proportions pointed out by Dr. Wol laston ; and the Lords Commissioners submitted the expedi- ency of the same course being adopted in the city of London, 422 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. Whereupon it was resolved. That (in order to protect the public from fraud and impo- sition) directions be given to the proper officers, at the Guildhall, London, not to stamp or make any new measures intended for ascertaining the quantity of such articles as are sold by heaped measure, unless such measures respectively are made strictly conformable to the said proportions speci- fied in Dr. Wollaston's Report. Ordered, That these proceedings be forthwith published in the London Gazette, for the information of the officers of the several cities and towns corporate in Great Britain, having or directing the adjustment and marking of weights and mea- sures. TABLES, COMPARING THE OLD STANDARD WITH THOSE ESTABLISHED BY THIS ACT Table I. BEER MEASURE. New Standard, Old Standard. Gals. Qts. Pts. ( Gills 100th 1 Gill equal to pts, •98 1 Half Pint - - do. 1-96 3 Gills - do. 2-95 1 Pint - do. 3-93 1 Quart - do. 3-86 1 Half Gallon - - do. 1 373 3 Quarts - do. 2 3-59 1 Gallon . do. 3 3-46 2 ditto - do. 1 3 2-92 3 ditto . do. 2 3 2-39 423 EIGHTS AND MEASURES. Unifonnity Act Old Standard. New Standard. Gals. I Qts. Pts. Gills 100th pis. 4 Gallons equal to 3 3 1 1-85 5 ditto - do. 4 3 1 1-31 6 ditto - do. 5 3 1 0-78 7 ditto - do. 6 3 1 0-24 8 ditto - do. 7 3 3-71 9 ditto or Firkin - do. 8 3 317 10 ditto - do. 9 3 2-63 18 ditto or Kilderkin - do. 17 2 1 2-34 20 ditto - do. 19 2 1 1-27 30 ditto - do. 29 1 1 3-90 36 ditto or Barrel do. 35 1 1 0-69 40 ditto . do. 39 1 2-54 50 ditto - do. 49 1 117 54 ditto or Hogshead - do. 53 3-03 60 ditto - do. 58 3 1 381 70 ditto - do. 68 3 2-44 72 ditto or Puncheon do. 70 3 1-38 80 ditto - do. 78 2 1 1-08 90 ditto - do. 88 1 1 3-72 100 ditto do. 98 1 2-35 108 ditto or Butt - do. 106 1 206 Table II. BEER MEASURE. Old Standard. Gals. New Standard. Qts. Pts. Gills 100th 1 Gill 1 Half Pint - 3 Gills 1 Pint 1 Quart equal to - do. do. - do. do. pts. 1-02 2-03 3-05 1 0-07 1 0-13 424 Weights and Measures. Uniformity Act. OU, Standard. New Standard. Gals. Qts. Pts. ( Gills 1 00th 1 Half Gallon equal to ► 2 pts. 0-27 3 Quarts - do. 3 0-41 1 Gallon - do. 1 0-54 2 ditto - do. 2 109 3 ditto - ^ - do. 3 1-63 4 ditto do. 4 2'18 5 ditto - do. 5 2-73 6 ditto do. 6 3-27 7 ditto - do. 7 3-82 8 ditto do. 8 1 0-36 9 ditto or Firkin - do. 9 1 0-91 10 ditto do. 10 1 1-45 18 dittto or Kilderkin do. 18 1 1-82 20 ditto - do. 20 1 2-91 30 ditto - do. 30 2 0-36 36 ditto or Barrel - do. 36 2 3-64 40 ditto - do. 40 2 1 1-82 50 ditto . do. 50 3 3-27 54 ditto or Hogshead do. 54 3 1 1-45 eO ditto - do. 61 0-72 70 ditto - do. 71 1 2-18 72 ditto or Puncheon do. 73 1 3-27 80 ditto - do. 81 1 3-64 90 ditto - do. 91 2 109 100 ditto - do. 101 2 1 2-54 108 ditto or Butt - do. 109 3 2-91 Table III. WINE MEASURE Gals. Qts. Pts. Gills 1 00th 1 Gill . equal tc ) pis. 1-20 1 Half Pint - - do. 2-40 3 Gills - do. 3-60 425 Weights and Measures. Wine Measure [corUiiiucd.) New Standard, Old Standard. Gals. Qts. Pts. Gills 100th pts 1 Pint - equal to 1 080 1 Quart - do. 1 160 1 Half Gallon - - do. 2 320 3 Quarts - do. 3 I 080 1 Gallon - - do. 1 1 241 2 ditto - - do. 2 1 1 0-82 3 ditto - - do. 3 2 323 4 ditto - - do. 4 3 164 5 ditto - - do. 6 005 6 ditto - - do. 7 1 2-46 7 ditto - - do. 8 1 1 0-87 8 ditto - - do. 9 2 328 9 ditto - . - do. 10 3 1-69 10 ditto or Anker - do. 12 010 18 ditto or Runlet - do. 21 2 338 20 ditto - - do. 24 0-20 30 ditto - . do. 36 030 40 ditto - - do. 48 040 42 ditto or Tierce - do. 50 1 1 122 50 ditto - - do. 60 050 60 ditto - - do. 72 0-60 63 ditto or Hogshead do. 75 2 383 70 ditto - do. 84 070 80 ditto - - do. 96^0 0-80 84 ditto or Pun«heon do. 100 3 2*44 90 ditto - - do. 108 090 100 ditto - - do. 120 1-00 126 ditto or Pipe - do. 151 1 366 252 ditto or Tun - do. 302 1 1 333 3 H 426 Weights and Measures. Table IV WINE MEASURE Old Standard. 1 Wew Standard. Gals. Qts. Pts. Gills 100th 1 Gill - equal tc ) •83 1 Half Tint - - do. 1-66 3 Gills - do. 249 1 Pint - do. 3-33 1 Quart - do. 1 2-66 1 Half Gallon - - do. 1 1 1-32 3 Quarts - do. 2 3-99 1 Gallon - do. 3 2-65 2 ditto . do. 1 2 1 1-31 3 ditto - do. 2 1 1 3-97 4 ditto - do. 3 1 2-63 5 ditto . do. 4 1 1-29 6 ditto - do. 4 3 1 395 7 ditto - do. 5 3 2-61 8 ditto - do. 6 2 1 1-26 9 ditto - do. 7 1 1 3-93 10 ditto or x\nker do. 8 1 2-58 18 ditto or Runlet - do. 14 3 1 3-87 20 ditto - do. 16 2 1 119 30 ditto do. 24 3 1 3-78 40 ditto - do. 33 1 2-38 42 ditto or Tierce - do. 34 3 1 3-70 50 ditto - do. 41 1 1 0-98 60 ditto - do. 49 3 1 3-57 63 ditto or Hogshead do. 52 1 1 3-55 70 ditto - do. 58 1 2-17 80 ditto - do. 66 2 1 0-71 84 ditto or Puncheon do. 69 3 1 3-40 427 Weights and Measures. Wink Measure (continued.) Old Standard. New Standard. ,■■ Gals. Qts. Pts. Giils 100th 90 Gallons equal to 74 3 I 3-36 100 ditto - do. 83 1 1-96 126 ditto or Pipe - do. 104 3 1 311 252 ditto or Tun - •• do. 209 3 1 2-22 Table V. DRY MEASURE. 2VeM3 Standard. Old Standarc !. Bus. Pki. Gals. Qts. Pts. Gills 100th 1 Gill - equal to V<.B. 103 1 Half Pint do. 2-06 3 Gills do. 309 1 Pint - do. 1 012 1 Quart do 1 0-25 2 Quarts or Pottle do. 2 0-50 3 Quarts do. 3 075 1 Gallon - do. 1 101 1 Peck do. 1 2-02 1 Half Bushel do. 2 1 003 3 Pecks - do. 3 1 204 1 Bushel do. 1 1 0-07 2 ditto or Strike do. 2 2 014 3 ditto do. 3 3 0-21 4 ditto or Coomb do. 4 1 0-28 5 ditto do. 5 1 1 0-35 6 ditto do. 6 1 2 0-42 7 ditto do. 7 1 3 0-49 8 ditto or Quarter do. 8 1 0-56 9 ditto - do. 9 1 1 0-63 10 ditto do. 10 1 2 0-70 20 ditto - do. 20 2 1 1-40 428 Weights and Measures. Dry Measure (continiied.) New Standard. Old Standard. Bus. Fks. ( 3als. Qts Pts. Gals lOOth 30 Bushels equal to 30 3 1 2 211 32 ditto or Chaldron do. 33 2-24 36 ditto, Coal Chald . do. 37 1 2-52 40 ditto or Wey do. 41 1 2-81 50 ditto do. 51 2 2 3-52 60 ditto - do. 61 3 1 0-22 70 ditto do. 72 1 2 0-93 80 ditto or T^ast do. 82 2 1-63 90 ditto - do. 92 3 2 2-33 100 ditto do. 103 1 304 Table VI. DRY MEASURE. Old Standard. Hew Standard Bus. Pks. Gals. Qts. Pts. Gills 1 00th 1 Gill e iqual to •97 1 Half Pint do. 1-94 3 Gills - do. 2-91 1 Pint do. 3-88 1 Quart - do. 3-75 2 Quarts or Pottle do. 1 3-51 3 Quarts do. 2 3-26 1 Gallon - do. 3 302 1 Peck do. 3 2-04 1 Half Bushel do. 1 3 0-08 3 Pecks - do. 2 3 212 1 Bushel do. 3 3 017 2 ditto or Strike do. 1 3 2 0-35 3 ditto do. 2 3 1 0-52 4 ditto or Coomb do. 3 3 0-70 5 ditto - do. 4 3 3 0-88 6 ditto do. 5 3 2 105 429 Weights and Measures. Dry Measure (continued,) Old Standard. New Standard. Bus. Pks. Gals, , Qts. Pts. ' Gills 100th 7 Bushels equal to 6 3 1 pts. 123 8 ditto or Quarter do. 7 3 1-40 9 ditto do. 8 2 1 3 158 10 ditto - do. 9 2 1 2 1-76 20 ditto do. 19 1 1 3-53 30 ditto - do. 29 2 1 1-30 32 ditto or Chaldron do. 31 1 1-65 36 ditto Coal Chald. do. 34 3 1 1 2-34 40 ditto or Wey do. 38 3 1 306 50 ditto do. 48 1 1 3 0-83 60 ditto - do. 58 1 1 2-60 70 ditto do. 67 3 3 1 0-36 80 ditto or Last do. 77 2 1 1 213 90 ditto - do. 87 1 3 1 3-90 100 ditto do. 96 3 1 2 1-66 TABLES COMPARING THE TROY AND AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHTS. Troy, »l ' Avoxrdwpois ox, drt. Grain equal to 82 37T Pennyweight do. Vr\ Ounce do. 1 iiH- Pound - do. 13 2ii4 Apothecaries', Scruple - do. 128 TtT Dram - do. O 34 The Apothecaries' Grain, Ounce, and Pound are the same as the Trov. 430 Weights AND Measurks. Avoirdupois, Troy lbs. oz. dwts. grt. Dram equal to " 1 SfJ Ounce do. 18 5^ Pound do. 1 2 11 16 Quarter of aCwt. do. 34 6 16 Hundred weight do. 136 1 6 16 Ton do. 2722 2 13 8 175 Troy Pounds = 144 Avoirdupois Pounds 175 Troy Ounces ^ 192 Avoirdupois Ounces. TABLES Of Weights and Measures, wherein those which are estab- lished by the Act are distinguished from those which are merely sanctioned by custom, by being printed in Italics. TROY WEIGHT. 24 Grains make 1 Pennyireight 20 Pennyweights do. 1 Ounce 12 Ounces do. 1 Pound. APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 20 Grains make 1 Scruple 3 Scruples do. 1 Dram 8 Drams do. 1 Ounce 12 Ounces do. 1 Pound AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 16 Drams make 1 Ounce 16 Ounces do. 1 Pound 14 Pounds do. 1 Stone 28 Pounds do. 1 Quarter 4 Quarters do. 1 Hundred weigl 20 Hundred weio ;htdo. ITon 431 Weights and Measures. LONG MEASURE. 3 Barle} corns make 1 Inch 12 Inches do. 1 Foot 3 Feet do. 1 Fard/ 6 Feet do. 1 Fathom 5| Yards do. 1 Rod.Pole or Perch 40 Poles or 220 1 , 1 Furlong 8 Furlongs or \ , Vim yards ] 1 M75 3 Miles do. 1 League 69^- Miles do 1 Degree SQUARE OR SUPERFICIAL MEASURE. 144 Square Inches make 1 Square Foot 9 do. Feet do. 1 do. Yard 30J do. Yards do, 1 do. Pole 4 Roods, or 4840 i j„ ^ ^^^ ISquare Yards ) CUBIC OR SOLID MEASURE. 1728 Solid Inches make 1 Solid Foot 27 do. Feet do. 1 do. Yard or Load CLOTH MEASURE. 2J Inches make 1 Nail 4 Nails do, 1 Quarter of a Yard 3 Quarters do. 1 Flemish Ell 4 do. do. 1 Yard 5 do. do. 1 English Ell 6 d do. 1 French Ell fm Weights and Measures. BEER MEASURE. 4 Gills make 1 Pint 2 Pints do. 1 Quart 4 Quarts do. 1 Gallon 9 Gallons do. 1 Firkin 18 ditto do. 1 Kilderkin 36 ditto do. 1 Barrel 54 ditto do. 1 Hogshead 72 ditto do. 1 Puncheon 108 ditto do. 1 Butt WINE MEASURE. 4 Gills make 1 Pint 2 Pints do. 1 Quart 4 Quarts do. 1 Gallon 10 Gallons do. 1 Anker 18 ditto do. 1 Runlet 42 ditto do. 1 Tierce 63 ditto do. 1 Hogshead 84 ditto do. 1 Puncheon 126 ditto do. 1 Pipe or Butt 252 ditto do. 1 Tun DRY MEASURE 4 Gills make 1 Pint 2 Pints do. 1 Quart 2 Quarts do. 1 Pottle 4- ,, — i^^e Quaiis do. 1 Gallon 2 Gallons do. 1 Peck « 4 Pecks do. 1 Bushel 433 Weights and Measures. Dry Measure (Continued). 2 Bushels make 1 Strike 4 Bushels do. 1 Coomb 8 Bushels do. 1 Quarter 4 Quarters do. 1 Chaldron 5 Quarters do. 1 Wey 2 Weys do. 1 Last COAL MEASURE. 3 Bushels make 1 Sack 9 Bushels do. 1 Vat 36 Bushels, or ) , i ^v, , , 12 Sacks /^^- 1 Chaldron 5i Chaldrons do. 1 Room 21 Chaldrons do. 1 Score HAY AND STRAW. 36 Pounds make 1 Truss of Straw 66 do. do. 1 do. Old Hay 60 do. do. 1 do. New Hay 36 Trusses do. 1 Load WOOL WEIGHT. 7 Pounds make 1 Clove 14 do. or 2 Cloves do. 1 Stone 28 do. or 2 Stones do. 1 Todd 6J Todds do. 1 Wey 2 Weys do. 1 Sack 12 Sacks do. 1 Last 3i 434 Weights and Measures. TIME. 60 Seconds 60 Minutes 24 Hours 7 Days 4 Weeks make do. do. do. do. Minute Hour 1 Day 1 Week 1 Month 13 Months, 1 day, and 6 liours, ) , t t ^r or 365i davs make | ^ *^^^^^" ^ear Weights and Measures. 24 sheets make one quire. 20 quires one ream. 10 reams one bale. 5 doz. skins one roll of parchment. 12 doz. 1 gross. A barrel of anchovies, about 28 lbs. 'A barrel of ale 32 gals. A barrel of beer 36 gals. A barrel of butter 224 lbs. A barrel of potashes - 200 lbs. A barrel of gunpowder j 112 lbs. A barrel of herrings - 500 lbs. 9 bushels, 1 vat or strike. 12 sacks, or 36 bushels|^ ^^^jj 1 chaldron 21 chaldron - 1 score A cade of sprats 1000 A chest of tea, about 84 lbs. A clove of cheese - 8 lbs. A clove of wool 7 lbs. A dicker of leather . 10 skins? A fathom in measure isV 6 feet 435 Weights and Measures. A furlong is 40 rods, (220 yards,) 8 of which make a mile. A firkin of soap is - 64 lbs. A firkin of butter is - 56 lbs. A hogshead of pilchards is about 3000 fish, or - 40 gallons A keg of herrings 60, and 2 kegs make a hundred. \. last of corn is 1 quarters, or 2 loads, or 80 bushels. A last of gunpowder is 24 barrels A last of hides is - 12 dozen A last of leather - - 24 dickers A last of tar - - 14 barrels A common load is - 40 bushels A market load is - 5 bushels A load of hay is from 25 to 30 cwt. A do. of Scotch coals - 1 cwt A do. of bricks - 500 Ado. of tiles - - 1000 A peck of salt - - 14 lbs. A puncheon of brandy or rum, from 70 to - 100 gals. A puncheon of prunes, from 10 to - - 12 cwt. A quintal of fish - - 500 A do, of corn or fodder 1 cwt. 5 score 1 hundred. 6 do. 1 great hundred A seam of glass 24 stone of 5 lbs. or - - 120 lbs. A square rod is 30^ yards, or 272 J feet A square of tiling, roofing, thatching, &c. means 100 ft. square, viz. 10 long and 10 wide. 436 Weights and Measures. A stack of wood varies in many countries, but in common it runs 3 feet high, 3 feet wide, and 12 feet long, or 108 cubic feet, though some make it 3-4 and 12, which make it 144 ft. Welch. A stone of meat 8 lbs. A do. of hemp - 32 lbs. 1 ton means 20 cwt ^ ton of lead - 191 cwt. i ton of wine 252 gals. 1 ton of sweet oil 236 gals. 1 ton of fish oil - - 252 gals. A do. of seed oil 256 gals. A truss of hay is 50 to 60 lbs. A wey is - . 5 chaldrons. A wey of cheese in Essex is 32 cloves, or - 256 lbs. A do. do. in Suffolk is 42 clo\ ^es, or - - 336 lbs. Lumps See Lump 437 Wbll-diqger. Digging and steening. No. of gallons Diameter of Diameter of Price per foot contained to internal circle of Digging. in depth. each foot in briclcworlc when depth. finished. Feet inches £. «. d. Gallons. Feet Inches 16 2 11 1050 14 6 \ 15 6 2 8 980 14 15 2 5 910 13 6 14 6 2 2 845 13 14 1 19 780 12 6 13 6 1 16 6 720 12 13 1 14 660 11 6 12 6 1 11 6 605 11 12 1 9 550 10 6 ) 11 6 1 6 6 ,500 10 11 1 4 450 9 6 10 6 1 2 405 9 10 1 360 8 6 9 6 18 320 8 9 16 280 7 6 8 6 14 6 245 7 8 13 210 6 6 1 7 6 11 6 180 6 7 10 150 5 6 I 5 9 6 6 125 5 ) 5 3 5 6 100 4 6 ! 4 6 4 72 3 10 ) 1 brick thick. I a brick thick. If deeper than 30 feet, add Is, per foot for the 4 feet 6 well, and proportionately for those of the increased diameters. // West India Freight. See Freight. Wey. In Suffolk, 32 cloves, or 256 lbs. In Essex, 42 cloves, or 356 lbs. Wheels. of wool 182 lbs. Carriage, plain painted, complete. per set 16 do. 16 and 14 spokes, and square shoulders - per set 17 with common felloes - do. 14 do. 16 and 14 spokes as before do. 15 15 438 Wheels. £ s. d Chaise and gig, patent painted, com- plete, from £6 6s. to each 7 7 do. 16 and 14 spokes as before, from £7 7s. to '- each 8 8 with common fdlloes from £5 5s. to do. 6 6 do. 16 and 14 spokes as before, from £6 6s. to - each 7 7 Cast iron, 4 feet 6 inches diameter, with hollow spokes for carts or waggons, per pair 14 wrought iron tire for do. 4 inches wide and f ths thick - per pair § rail road - - per cwt. 14 Mill of iron. See Millwright. Wheelbarrows. Of wrought iron, for stable and garden use - - each 1 18 Whitening. Outside walls to buildings, &c. to stand the weather. Take bullock's gall and size, mix the same up with whitening. Whiting - - -per doz. 3 Willow-tree. Specific gravity per foot cube, 36 lbs. Windmill. For grinding corn, A windmill with patent sails, the whole of the machinery of iron, and made of the best construction and work- manship, with the dressing machine, and all the requisite apparatus suit- able thereto, independently of the Window. building. for one pair of stones each 1200 for two do. - do. 1700 for three do. - do. 2200 for four do. . do.. 2700 Blinds, of wire gauze. See Wire Wor/^. ' Window. Duty. Houses containing exempt. Windows. 8 9 - 10 11 - 12 13 - 14 15 - 16 17 - 18 19 - 20 21 . 22 23 - 24 25 - 26 27 - 28 29 - 30 - 31 - 32 33 - 34 35 36 37 38 39 less than eight are £ d. 16 6 - 1 1 1 8 1 16 3 2 4 9 - 2 13 3 3 1 9 . 3 10 3 18 6 V 4 7 4 15 3 - 5 3 9 5 12 3 6 6 6 9 ' 6 17 6 - 7 5 9 - 7 14 3 „ 8 2 9 - 8 U . 8 19 6 - 9 8 . 9 16 3 - 10 4 9 10 13 3 - 11 1 6 . 11 10 . 11 18 3 . 12 6 9 . 12 15 3 . 13 3 6 . 13 12 410 Dutj. Winaowt. 40 to 44 45 49 50 54 55 59 60 64 65 69 70 74 75 79 80 84 Sb 89 90 94 95 99 100 109 110 119 120 129 130 139 140 149 150 159 160 169 170 179 180 - £ s. d. 14 8 9 i5 16 9 17 5 18 13 19 17 9 21 3 22 2 6 23 5 24 7 6 25 10 26 12 3 27 14 9 29 8 6 31 13 3 33 18 3 36 3 38 18 40 12 9 42 17 9 45 2 6 46 11 3 And for every Window exceeding 180 each 16 RULES FOR CHARGING WINDOWS. 1. The said duties to be charged annually upon the occu- pier, his executors or administrators, except as after pro- vided. ^ 2. When any change in the occupation shall take place after the assessments, then the duties charged on the former occupier shall be paid by the present tenant, landlord, or owner of the premises, without any new assessment, but where a tenant shall quit, and shall give notice of the same 441 Window. to the assessor, the duty shall be discharged for the remain- der of that year, provided it shall appear to the commissioners that the premises shall have continued wholly unoccupied. 3. Where any dwelling-house is let in dilFerent apartments, the same shall be charged as if let to one only, and the landlord shall be deemed the occupier. 4. Unfurnished houses, not tenanted, but merely left in charge of persons to take care of them, are exempt from window and house duty. 5. Every window, including the frame, which by admea- surement of the whole space of the aperture on the outside of the wall shall exceed in height 12 feet, or in breadth 4 feet 9 inches, (not being less than 3 feet 6 inches high) shall be charged as two windows, except such as shall have been made of greater dimensions prior to the 5th of April; except also the windows in sh ops, workshops, and warehouses, and the windows in public rooms of any house licensed to sell wine, ale, or other liquors for the entertainment of company; and the windows of farm-houses especially ex- empted from the duty on houses. 6. Every window extending so as to give light into more rooms, landings, or stories than one shall be charged as so many separate windows. 7. When a partition or division between two or more windows fixed in one frame, shall be of the width of 12 inches, the window on each side shall be charged separate. 8. All windows, skylights, &c. in staircases, garrets, cellars, passages, and all other parts of the house, to whatever use applied, shall be charged. 9. And every window in any kitchen, cellar, scullery, buttery, pantry, larder, warehouse, laundry, bakehouse, brewhouse, or lodging-room belonging to or occupied with any dwelling-house, whether the same shall or shall not be within, contiguous, or disjointed from the body of such dwelling-house shall also be charged. 10. Every occupier of any distinct chamber or apartment, in any of the inns of court, or any public hospital, is to be 3 K 442 Window. charged as if the same was one entire house, except where the number of windows therein does not exceed eight, in which case they are to be charged 1*. 9d. each window. All dwelling-rooms in any hall or office, belonging to any person or any companies that are liable to the payment of any other taxes or parish rates, are to be charged to the said duties as dwelling-houses, on the persons to whom they belong. And where any dwelling-house shall be divided into different tenements, being distinct p7'operties^ every such tenement is subject to the same duties as before mentioned with respect to chambers. EXEMPTIONS. Houses belonging to his Majesty, or any of the Royal Family, public offices, hospitals, charity schools, and poor houses, except such apartments as are occupied by the officers and servants, which are to be assessed as separate dwelling- houses; the windows in any room licensed for divine wor- ship, and used for no other purpose ; and two windows in any dairy or cheese room used by the occupier for keeping butter or cheese, being their own produce, for sale or private use, are to be exempted from the duties, provided the rooms are not used to sleep in, but are kept wholly for the purpose before mentioned. Any number of windows not exceeding three in any shop or warehouse in the front or fronts, and on the ground or basement story of every dwelling-house occupied by any person or persons in trade, who shall expose to sale, or sell any goods, wares, or merchandize, in any such shop or warehouse, are also now exempt by the new act, 4 G. IV. c. 11. s. 1. iVny w^indow or light in any room of any dwelling-house, used wholly for the purpose of carrying on any manufacture therein, and not having any internal communication with such dwelling-house, or any . part thereof, although adjoining thereto, and in other respects apart thereof And all interior windows are exempt from the 5th of April last. 443 Wine. Spirits of, for varnish Winnowing Machine. See Machine. per gallon £ s. d. 1 6 Wire. Brass. 70 hole 60 do. 52 do. 46 do. 40 do. 36 do. per ft. super, do. do. - do. do. do. Fencing, orWiie Netting. Diamond pattern per foot 2 6 ditto Lozenge do. 2 ditto Upright do. 2 With festoon chain do. 2 4 Dwarf ditto for ha-has, fish- ponds, or garden walks per ft. 9 Gauze for window blinds in mahogany frames - - per ft. super. 2 6 ditto painted and ornamented per ft. super. 3 3 Iron per lb. 8 Netting, hare and rabbit pro of, of various devices per ft. super. 2 6 Sieves, See Sieves. Work. For corn mill work. No. 58 & 60 per sheet 10 64&70 - 12 42 sheet and half per 1 1 sheet 8 9 36 do. do. 7 6 Wire Work. For safes per ft. super. 2 Copper do. 4 ^ Brass for bookcases - - do. 3 ditto fancy patterns do. 4 Strong for window guard - do. 5 Witnesses. Expences of witnesses in Courts of Justice, as lately agreed to by the 1 taxing officers of the superior courts. 444 Witnesses. £ s. d. Travelling expences per mile, one way from 1*. to - - - 7 Journeymen, labourers, and the like, whilst detained, from 5s. to per day 15 Tradesmen, yeomen, farmers, whilst de- tained, from lOs. to - per day 15 Merchants, gentlemen, auctioneers, ac- countants, clerks, if residing in Lon- don, and the trial be there, altogether 110 If at assizes, then such persons must be allowed per day Professional men, from £1 I*, to do. Attorney's clerks from 15^. to per day Females, according to rank, from 5s. to - per day Wrench, Screw. - each small one - - do. 1 1 2 2 1 1 9 7 Yard, Square. 9 square feet Cube. 27 solid feet or one load. Is a measure of 36 inches, or 3 feet, or two cubits. 445 jTard. Shewing the value of any number of yards, pounds, &c. at any specified sum, from one farthing to one shillinsr. No. id. Id 1 fd Id 2d 3d s. d. s. c?. s. d s. d 5. d s. d . 1 0} Oi Of 1 2 3 2 0^ 1 li 2 4 6 3 Of u 2i 3 6 9 4 1 2 3 4 8 1 5 1} 2i 3f 4i 5 10 1 3 G u 3' 6 1 6 7 If 31 51- 7 2 1 9 8 2 4 6 8 4 2 9 2i 4} 6f 9 6 2 3 10 2i 5 7i 10 8 2 6 11 2f 5| 8i 11 10 2 9 12 3 6 9 1 2 3 13 3J 61 9f 1 1 2 2 3 3 14 3i 7 lOi 1 2 2 4 3 6 15 3f 7J lU 1 3 2 6 3 9 16 4 8 1 4 2 8 4 17 4i 81 Of 1 5 2 10 4 3 18 4i 9 1* 1 6 3 4 6 19 4| 91 2i 1 7 3 2 4 9 20 5 10" 3 1 8 3 4 5 21 5J 101 3| 1 9 3 6 5 3 22 51 11 4i 1 10 3 8 5 6 23 5| Hi 5i 1 11 3 10 5 9 24 6 1 6 2 4 6 25 6i 1 01 6f 2 1 4 2 6 3 26 6i 1 1 7i 2 2 4 4 6 6 27 6f 1 u 8i 2 3 4 6 6 9 28 7 I 2 9 2 4 4 8 7 42 101 1 9 2 n 3 6 7 10 6 56 1 2" 2 4 3 6 4 8 9 4 14 84 1 9 3 6 5 3 7 14 21 112 2 4 4 8 7 9 4 18 8 28 Yard. 446 Shewing the value of any number of yards, pounds, &c., co?itimied. No. 1 4d. 5d. Gd. 9^ f 1^. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 1 4 5 6 9 1 2 8 10 1 1 6 2 3 1 1 3 1 6 2 3 3 4 1 4 1 8 2 3 4 5 1 8 2 1 2 6 3 9 5 6 2 2 6 3 4 6 6 7 2 4 2 11 3 6 5 3 7 8 2 8 3 4 4 6 8 9 3 3 9 4 6 6 9 9 10 3 4 4 2 5 7 6 10 11 3 8 4 7 5 6 8 3 11 12 4 5 6 9 12 13 4 4 5 5 6 6 9 9 13 14 4 8 5 10 7 10 6 14 15 5 6 3 7 6 11 3 15 16 5 4 6 8 8 12 16 17 5 8 7 1 8 6 12 9 17 18 6 7 6 9 13 6 18 19 6 4 7 11 9 6 14 3 19 20 6 8 8 4 10 15 20 21 7 8 9 10 6 15 9 21 22 7 4 9 2 11 16 6 22 23 7 8 9 7 11 6 17 3 23 24 8 10 12 18 24 25 8 4 10 5 12 6 18 9 25 26 8 8 10 10 13 19 6 26 27 9 11 3 13 6 20 3 27 28 9 4 11 8 14 21 28 42 14 17 6 21 31 6 42 56 18 8 23 4 28 42 56 84 28 35 42 43 84 112 37 4 46 8 56 84 112 447 Yarn. Tar White Year. £ s. d. per cwt. 1 15 per lb. 10 Shewing what any sum from £1 to £1000 per Year is per Month, Week, or Day. Year. Per Month. Per Wk. Per Day. £ s. £ s. d. s. ^. s. d. 1 1 8 4* Of 1 10 2 6 7 ] 2 3 4 9i u 2 2 3 6 9| u 2 10 4 2 lU l| 3 5 If 2 3 3 5 3 2i 2 3 10 5 10 4i 2J 4 6 8 6i 2J 4 4 7 7* 2f 4 10 7 6 8} 3 5 8 4 11 3} 5 5 8 9 2 OJ 3i 5 10 9 2 2 H 3f 6 10 2 3f 4 6 6 10 6 2 5 41 6 10 10 10 2 6 4| 7 11 8 2 8} 4J 7 7 12 3 2 10 4| 7 10 12 6 2 lOi 5 8 13 4 3 1 51 8 8 14 3 2f 5J 8 10 14 2 3 3} 5i 9 15 3 5i 6 9 9 15 9 3 7i 6.1 10 16 8 3 10' 6i 10 10 17 6 4 Oi 7" 11 18 4 4 3 71 11 11 19 3 4 5^ 71 12 1 4 71 8' 12 12 1 1 4 10' 8J Year. 448 Shewing what any sum, from £1 to £1000 &c., continued. Year. Per Month. Per Week. Per Day. £ s. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s, d. 13 1 1 8 5 8} 13 13 1 2 9 5 3 9 14 1 3 4 5 4J 9i 14 14 1 4 6 5 8 91 15 1 5 5 9 10 15 15 1 6 3 6 OJ 101 16 1 6 8 6 2 lOJ 16 16 1 8 6 5i 11 17 1 8 4 6 6J IH 17 17 1 9 9 6 01 111 18 1 10 6 \\ 111 18 18 1 11 6 7 3 1 0^ 19 1 11 8 7 31- 1 01 20 1 13 4 7 8" 1 ll 30 2 10 11 6 1 7f 40 3 6 8 15 4J 2 2J 50 4 3 4 19 3 2 9 60 5 1 3 Of 3 31 70 5 16 8 1 6 11 3 ]0 80 6 13 4 1 10 9 4 4i 90 7 10 1 14 7J 4 n 100 8 6 8 1 18 5i 5 5| 200 16 13 4 3 16 11 10 lU 300 25 5 15 4J 16 51 400 33 6 8 7 13 10 1 1 11 500 41 13 4 9 12 3J 1 7 4j 600 50 11 10 9 1 12 lOi 700 58 6 8 13 9 2f 1 18 4| 800 m 13 4 15 7 8i 2 3 10 900 75 17 6 If 2 9 3| 1000 83 6 8 19 4 7J 2 14 91 Yew, Tree, Dutch, specific gravity, per foot cube, 49 lbs. Spanish ditto ditto 51 lbs. 449 Zinc. The Author having boen favoured with an inspection of the Malleable Liege Zinc, the importers of which are Messrs. R. Howard and Co., of 115, Old Street, St. Luke's, London, begs to inform his readers, that he can with great propriety, recommend it as an excellent covering for roofs, &c., both for economy and durability. The various articles fabricated of the same material, in pipes and utensils, are WOT thy of the attention of all those who are in the constant employment of them. The Author concludes with stating, that he considers this metal perfectly in its infancy, as to its adoption, and therefore deserves the greatest attention from all professional men. The following are the terms upon which supplies are made (to the trade only) ; but, for the sake of information a brief sketch of its properties, and modes of using, &c., is hereby given: — The malleable liege zinc (of F. D. Mosselman's Manu- facture) is recommended for lightness and durability, at about half the price of lead, is applicable for sheathing vessels, roofing houses and buildings, flats, terraces, pipes, gutters, verandas, shop fronts, covering of vaults, lining coffins, packing cases, baths, garden engines, coolers, cisterns, dairy vats, and most articles which can be manufactured in copper, lead, tin, or iron. Zinc is more tenacious and lighter than lead. Its tenacity is represented by 109*8, while that of lead is 27*7 only. The density of zinc is 7'190, and that of lead 11-352: that is to say, upon a given thickness it is one -third lighter than lead, and resists four times as much as that metal ; or, it offers as much solidity as lead, with one-fourth of its thick- ness : its weight is, then, one-sixth; and its cost one-fiftii part of the latter, only. ( ThompsorCs System of Chymistry^ p. 591, vol, L) Its hardness and cheapness prevent theft, which is so usually the case with lead. When first exposed to the air, a white oxide adheres to it, which, in a little times becomes a transparent varnish without colour, quite insoluble by water ; which covers the metal and prevents all 3l 450 Zinc. subsequent oxidation. That unalterability can easily be ascertained by sheets that have been long exposed to the air. It is found that they have lost neither their weight nor their thickness, and their varnished surface is more difficult to scratch with the point of a knife than the metal itself. The resistance of the metal to the inclemencies and changes of the atmosphere is therefore unlimited, and its use is endless. When old work requires repairing, it will be easily ascertained that it is due to accidental causes. The chief of these causes is, that zinc is often laid without any regard being had to the effect which the variations of the temperature cause it to experience, more than any other metal. If, for instance, zinc is laid in such a way, that it cannot either expand or contract in any direction, it must necessarily, in great variations of heat, in order to expand itself, force out the nails, which causes it to tear, in order to contract. Another cause of deterioration, which chiefly takes place in main pipes, is, the contact of plaster, or wet lime, which corrodes all metals. During the last few years, the manufacture of zinc, has considerably improved. The material is much more mallea- ble and strong, and gives new encouragement for its use. The great works executed for the last twenty years prove its solidity for the covering of buildings. We Can name, among others, the covering of the slips, or large sheds to shelter vessels of war, in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Flushing, and Helvoetsluys ; the Marine Arsenals in some of the same ports; the great Riding School in Berlin; the Theatre Royal in Brussels ; the sheds of St. Catherine's Dock in London ; those of the New Dock in Liverpool ; the Prisons of St. Lo, and of Cherbourg department of the Manche ; the great Coal Market, near the Slaughtering- place du Roule, in Paris, &c. &c. In order to give an idea of the advantages of zinc thus applied, it will be sufficient to state that the superficial toise* * Toise is a French measure of 6 French feet, the French foot is about 12 per cent, more than the English. See FoOT^ page 170. 4>1 Zinc. of roofing weighs, in Zinc, (No. 14,) 25 kils.*; in slates, 70 kils. ; in tiles, 400 kils. Zinc is therefore two-thirds lighter than slate, and fifteen times lighter than tile. The timber work of roofs destined to support these latter mate- rials must present similar proportions in strength, and consequently in expence. Besides, a slate roof ought not to slant less than one-fifth, nor a tile roof less than one- third ; whereas the use of zinc does not limit any declination. Therefore, it is known that a roof inclined one-third has one-fiftli more covering than the plane surface it is intended for. From all these considerations, the conclusions to be drawn are : the economy of zinc roofing, both as regards the timber work, and the reduced surface to be covered, and the relief resultinor from its liorhtness to the walls that snpport it; but the chief advantage of this mode of covering is its great solidity, proved by old works, which for the last twenty years have stood without requiring any repairs. Its advantages for the sheathing of ships are no longer a doubt. It has been ascertained in sea ports that a vessel shealhed with No. 15, if nailed with zinc nails, makes ten or twelve voyages to the West Indies. Some ship- owners previously dip the sheets of zinc into tallow, or vegetable grease : this precaution prevents shell fish from adhering to them. We shall give a comparative statement of the cost of sheathing a 300 ton ship with copper and zinc supplied by a shipwright of the first order. The materials employed are copper sheets of 13 by 46 inches, weighing from 4J to 5i kils. — and zinc. No. 16 to 18. Cost of bolting with copper up to the floating mark, and of sheathing with copper - - - £736 Cost of bolting with iron, or zinc, up to the floating mark, and of sheathing with zinc - - - 152 Difference in favour of zinc - - - £584 f KilogntiiJiiics. 452 Zinc. On this difference there will be paid during the average term of six ^^ears, a premium of insurance of 7 per cent., and the interest on that sum at 5 per cent, making altogether 12 per cent, per annum. At the expiration of those six years, that difference will therefore amount to 114 francs. Supposing the old zinc sheathing of no value, and that of the old copper sheathing to be about £176, the saving obtained by the employment of zinc will therefore be £830 lor six years, or £138 per annum. Zinc in slieets is applied to a variety of other purposes ; it is used instead of copper, lead, iron plates, and tin, in almost all their usages, with the advantage of both economy and solidity. It can be moulded and turned with the lathe in order to give it all manner of shapes. It is also stamped with great facility for the making of tea-boards and trays, and all articles of which Lamps and kitchen utensils consist. Lastly, it is one of the metals which resist most effectually as air flues above brick chimnies. It is also used almost exclusively for inodorous and portable water closets. Nos. 11, 12, and 13, are lit for light work only, such as packing cases. 14, 15 and 16, are used for roofs, terraces, funnels, gutters, main-pipes, &c. Nos. 16, 17, and 18, are applied to sheathing vessels, baths, &c. No. 19 and above, for pumps, paper vats, hearths, &c. Mode of Working and Using. The plates can be soldered like tin, with the same tools and solder, taking care to cleanse the surfaces in contact with a steel scraper, and to wet it with a little sal ammoniac. Scraping the sheets may be avoided by wetting the parts to be soldered with a mixture of sal ammoniac and spirit of salts. In order to fold it or give it any required shape, it is slightly heated. To make a zinc roof or terrace, sheets are used 25 to 32 453 Zinc inches wide. The sides lengthways of each sheet are rolled up in a contrary direction. Having first heated the borders or edges by holding them on an open fire, or laying them on a long stove or furnace prepared for that purpose, place them on the edge of a table and with a wooden mallet beat down the portion of zinc required to be rolled up; turn the sheet over quick and place an iron rod of the diameter from |^ to J of an inch according to the number or thickness of the sheet employed. Beat the zinc round the rod, and the circle is effected. One of the curves must be bent out, that the sheet may lay flat on the surface of the roof. This bending is effected by striking on a wooden block, while the iron rod is still in the curve ; but as this curve is intended to receive the curve of the adjoining sheet, it ought to be made with a rod of a larger diameter. Each sheet must be provided (on the side next to the roof) with a zinc plate or tongue 5 inches by 4, one inch of which is soldered at the distance of 4 inches above the lower end of the sheet. Begin with laying the lower sheets. Their upper end should be nailed with six nails, leaving in the middle a free space into which the tongue of the upper sheet is to be ad- mitted. This sheet slips into the first covering 4 inches, so as to conceal the heads of the nails of the lower sheet, and prevent the water from going upwards. The lower part of the first sheets are generally fastened by means of their tongues to a pipe or gutter, nailed on the roof. When there are none, a strip of zinc is nailed in lieu of them, over the moulding of the cornice; or the sheets are fastened by means of a clasp hidden between the two curves, and nailed to the timber work. In roofs much exposed to the wind these clasps are often affixed to each sheet. The hips and ridges are made by means of a sheet, which covers 6 inches each side of the roof. The curves of the sheets are fitted to it, and covered over by a closed curve which is soldered on the hip. The hips are secured by being soldered to the sheets on each side of the roof. 454 Zinc. This kind of covering possesses a condition indispensable for a lasting work, namely the free dilatation or expansion of the metal, inasmuch as each sheet, being nailed in the upper part, can only move in the direction round that point. Its appearance is more architectural than that of any other. Lastly it lessens the danger of lightning, as all metallic roofs do, because the effect of the electric fluid is annihilated by hav- inor for a conductor a laroer surface on which it scatters itself. Another mode of covering. The sheets are nailed near tlieir upper ends, and connected with the lower sheets, by a tongue ; but the sides are bent at right angles, and ascend I of an inch on a wooden lath, one inch square, nailed to the roof, which are afterwards covered with a strip of zinc, having three sides and the same shape which is nailed to the lath. The heads of the nails are soldered. This mode preserves the free dilatation of the zinc, but it does not offer the same security as the other method, the merit of which has been put to the test by twenty years' experience. In order to render the understanding plain, all the sheets have been supposed to be of equal lengths ; but in practice it is more advantageous to have them uneven, in order to lessen the waste in cutting, and avoid the meeting and joining of four sheets at one point. When a flat terrace is to be covered, the extremities of the sheets should be soldered before they are made to slip into eacli other. Solder together three sheets 2 feet wide, as making a single sheet 6 feet wide. The sides will then be at that distance from each otlier that will still allow of the sheets sliding in order to expand. To make zinc into half cylindrical pipes or gutters, pieces of wood are used, into which half cylindrical grooves of the required diameter are hollowed. Having first placed thereon a sheet sufficiently heated, the form of the groove is given to it by striking on a cylindrical mould placed on the sheet. When a pipe is to be made, the sides are beaten round the mould with a wooden mallet in order to give them the required shape. 455 Zinc Sheet. A Table of the Comparative Weights of the Square Foot, with the Thickness of each Number expressed in Lines of 12 Parts each. THICKNESS IN LINES AND PARTS MARK WEIGHT. METRIC WEIGHT. No. lines •[tans \hs. OS. gr,-r. UU.^ gronj.1 10 3 13 5 420 11 3J 490 12 4 2 5 570 13 4] 4 7 640 14 5 7 1 710 15 5i 9 4 780 16 6 11 6 850 17 7 2 3 990 18 8 2 5 2 140 19 9 2 9 7 280 20 10 2 14 3 420 21 11 3 3 560 22 1 3 7 7 710 23 1 1 3 12 4 850 24 1 2 4 1 990 CO o 2 6 15 6 3 420 2 6 8 11 5 4 270 3 10 7 5 5 130 3 6 12 4 6 000 * 50| Kilogrammes equal 1 Cwt. English, t 1000 Grammes are equal to 1 Kilogramme. Zinc. 4oG N.B. — It is particidarly recommended never to use lighter numbers than No. 14 for roofs, terraces, gutters, and funnels, required in building. Zinc is also sold in small slabs fit for melting, which is adapted to the making of blocks, statues, vases, and generally for whatever can be cast in bronze, copper, and any other metal. d. n sheets - - per cwt. 2 18 4 Guttering. 2\ inches 3 do. - - per foot do. 5 6 3J do. - . do. 7 4 do. - do. 8 4J do. - - do. 9 5 do. - do. 10 5i do. - - - do. 1 6 do. - do. 1 2 Pipes. 1 do. - - - do. 5 \\ do. - do. 6 2 do. - - do. 7 2i do. - do. 9 3 do. - - - do. 10 3i do. . do. 1 4 do. - - do. 1 3 4J do. . do. 1 6 5 do. - - do. 1 9 main. S. d Ogee or moulded. s. d Heads to Pipes. 2 Inches each 3 - 5 2J do. - do. 3 6 - 5 6 3 do. - do. 4 - G 3* do. ^ do. 4 6 - 7 Other designs are in stock, but any can be made to order. £ s. a. each 2 do. 2 6 do. 3 do. 3 6 457 Zinc, continued. Shoes to Pipes 2 Inches 2i do. 3 do. 31 do. To which may be added, the following articles that arc kept ready made ; notwithstanding, any pattern can be worked from a drawing or model given, at the price, form in o: the same ratio as the foresfoinof, viz. Baths of all descriptions. Cinder sieves, 12, 14, 16, and 18 inches. Cinder sifting pails, with perforated sieves. Coal scoops and hods, all sizes. Cisterns with ball-cocks. Creaming apparatus, with double body lor hot water with perforated strainer. Feet-baths, various sizes. Hand glass frames, 16, 18, and 20 inches. do. do. glazed House pails, various shapes. Meat safes, perforated sides, 18, 21, and 24 inches square. Milk pans, square, round, and oval. Shower and other Baths and pans. Toilet pails. Watering pots, Nos. 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Water closet funnels. Wash hand basins, 8, 8 J. 9, 10, 11 inches. do, do. to fix in stands, with plugs and waste. Wash hand bowls, 8, SJ, 9, 10, 11 inches. Common cowl, malt house, lobster back heads. Smoke dispersers, chimney funnels, any height. Patent perforated chimney tops. Zinc nails forged f to IJ inches, and pressed J inch to 3 inches. o M 458 Zinc, cmitimied. Articles and uses which the zinc is applicable to, viz. Balls for water cocks, balcony coverings, and bottoms. Boilers (internal). Cistern linings, &c., cylinders, for presses and pumps. Dressers for dairies. Shop plates. Funnels for air, of large dimensions, and other pui*posesJ. Garden or mignionette boxes for windows. Hinges for house and cabinet work. Pipes, straight and curved, of all descriptions and sizes Siphons and cranes, for distillers, &c. Shop plates, for confectioners, &c. Surface beds, for mangles, mills, &c. Tanks, for water or liquor. Traps, for plumbers and others, &c., also engravers' plates, carriage furniture, facings for pullies, door handles, and all parts where brass is used in joinery, cabinet work, upholstery, &c., &c. OBSERVATIONS. Zinc in sheets, is used with the greatest success for sheathing ships, roofing houses and buildings, terraces, gutters, water pipes, basins, bathing machines, pumps, filters, cisterns, fountains ; lastly, for all things which pre- viously required lead, tin, iron plate, and copper. It is quite malleable and of the greatest strength. Its advantages over the metals above referred to cannot be doubted, and it is much less expensive. Nails for sheathing and ships' decks, from 2 to 6 inches. The sheets of zinc are 25 inches wide, and 6 to 8 feet long. Sheets 32 inches wide may also be had of the Nos. 10, 11, and 12. To scour and clean the surface of zinc, rub it with very fine sand, moistened with water, into which one-tenth or 459 Zinc, continued. one-twelfth part of vitriol or sulphuric acid has been added. It soon becomes as white and bright as silver; but it is indispensable to wash it immediately after with pure water, in order to carry off the acid, and then to rub it well with a dry cloth. A pecuHar mark is attached to the corner of each sheet in order to prevent imitation or fraud * • A ■■ LIEGE > * It maybe apprehended that the French measure might create a difRculty or mistake, but upon an inspection of the thicknesses it will directly be ascertained the strength required by application to the proprietors. 460 The Author begs to inform the public, the following article having been but lately obtained by him, it could not be inserted in its proper place ; but he thinks the valuable information contained it conveys, will be a sufficient apology for his introducing it at the conclusion. Ship. Method of Admeasuring Ships for Ascertaining the Tonnage. The length shall be taken in a straight line along the rabbet of the keel of the ship, from the back of the main stern port, to a perpendicular line from the fore part of the main stern under the bowsprit. The breadth shall be taken from the outside of the outside plank, in the broadest part of the ship, either above or below the main wales, exclusive of all the vallance of doubling planks that may be wrought upon the sides of the ship, 13 G. 3. c. 74. In cases where it may be necessary to ascertain the tonnage of ships afloat, the length to be taken as follows : — Drop a plumb line over the stern of the ship, and mea- sure the distance between such line and the after part of the stern port, at the load water mark, then measure from the top of the said plumb line, in a parallel direction with the water, to a perpendicular point immediately ov6r the load water mark, at the fore part of the main stern, subtracting from such admeasurement the above distance ; the remainder will be the ship's extreme length, from which is to be deducted three inches for every foot of the load draught of water, for the rake abaft, 26 G. 3. c. 60. '1 ascertain with precision the length of any vessel's keel, for tonnage, agreeably to the existing law for admeasuring aground, care should be taken, that the rod or straight batten which is placed at the fore part of the keel, to find the perpendicular from the fore part of the main stern under the bowsprit, should be exactly in a straight line with the 461 Ship, continued, rabbet of the keel of the vessel ; otherwise the length taken will be more or less erroneous as the fore end of the said batten is elevated or depressed beyond the straight line of the rabbet of the keel. Where there is any false stem or stern port, great atten- tion should be paid to ascertain exactly the point where the after part of the main stern port and fore part of the main stem ought to be, to obtain the true length required. The rule for ascertaining the breadth, which is the same whether taken afloat or aground, is plain ; but to ascertain that dimension exactly, the straight batten to be used should be placed immediately over the broadest part of the vessel, and truly parallel to the straight line over the beam, and perpen- dicular to the straight line of the keel. In taking the length of vessels afloat, the principal point to be attended to, is to measure in a direction exactly parallel to the water, for which purpose attention should be paid to make the points of measurement of an equal per- pendicular height above the surface. Opinion of the King's Counsel. When any thing unusual appears in the construction of a vessel with the view of increasing the tonnage, such as an extraordinary projection of the stem, the officer ought in his measure to cut off, or make allowance for such projection, as it is his duty to take care that there shall be no fraudulent evasion of the law. The expression " main stem under the bowsprit" (which occurs in the description of the method of taking the length aground) seems evidently to mean, that the line is to be dropped from a point as high as where the bowsprit joins the main stem, or as nearly under it as circumstances will admit. 462 Ship, continued. Method of Calculating the Tonnage of a Ship. From the lengths taken in either of the ways above mentioned, subtract three-fifths of the breadth taken as above, the remainder is esteemed the just length of the keel to find the tonnage ; then multiplying its length with the breadth, and that product by half the breadth, and dividing by ninety-four, the quotient is deemed the true contents of the tonnaofe, 13 G. 3. c. 74. 26 G. 3. c. 60. APPENDIX. PAGE Actma — A Roman land measure 5 Acre — An English land measure The Arpent or French acre The Scotch acre The Welsh acre - Act of Parliament for building - Ditto for paving Adee — Carpenters and Coopers Alder — timber, specific gravity - Almond — a Portugueseliquid mea- sure - • - _ Alquier — ditto - . - Anchor, or Anker — an Amster- dam liquid measure A Dutch ditto Of wrought iron, for ships Antiputrescent mixture — White and Go's. AnvilfOt wrought iron, for Smiths, &c. - - - Apple-tree — timber, specific gra- vity - - _ Aqua Fortis — for proving metals, &c. _ - . Arches — trellis of wrought iron, for doorways, &r. Arisk — a Persian long measure Arobe — a Portuguese measure for sugar . - - Arobec — an American weight - Arpent — a land measure As — a Roman pound weight Ash — timber, specific gravity, &c. Auctioneer — terms of commis- sion - _ - Auger — for Carpenters, Mill- wrights, &c. Aume or Auln — a Dutch liquid measure _ _ « Aune or Auln — a French long measure - - _ Avoirdupois weight — an English weight - - _ tT,, Awl — brad, flooring, &c. for Carpenters, &c. - - ib. Awm or Avm — a Dutch liquid measure - _ - ih. Ax — for Carpenters, Coopers, &c. ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. 34 305 5 ib. ib. ib. 6 ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. ib. PAOE Axletrees — for carriages, &c. pa- tent and common - 10 B Back — for forges — ditto of cast iron for brewers, &c. - 11 Ba^s — ^nail, for packing, &c. ib. Baiiar or Barre — East India weights ib. Balance — a domestic weighing machine - _ - ib. Balcony — of cast and wrought iron, for buildings, &c. with cantelivers for ditto - 12 Bale — a quantity for paper - ib. Ball or Sphere — methods of mea- suring, and also the con- tents in water agreeably to the diameter - - ib. Balluster — wrought iron, for stair- cases, &c. - - 13 Bar — chimney, crow, furnace, window, of cast and wrought iron - ib. Barge — coal, corn, deal, canal, and sailing, &c. - - 14 Bark — peeler, an agricultural in- strument - - ib. Barrel — a liquid and other measure ib. Barrow — iron and wood - 15 Basil — leather for washers, &c. ib. Basket — a fruit measure - ib. Matting for packing, &c. - ib. Batman — a weight, in Smyrna i6. Battens — of deal , for builders - ib. Table for thicknesses - 16 Baytree — timber, specific gravity ib. Beds — of feathers, turkey and goose - - ib. Bedsteads — of iron and wood - ib. Beech — timber, specific gravity,&c. 17 Bellows — 'forge, for smiths, &c. - ib. Bercheroit — an Archangel weight ib. Bevel — a tocl for Carpenters,Mill- wrights, &C. - - - 18 Bill — for Woodcutters - - ib, Binot — Flemish, &c. for agricul- tural work - - ib, BlacksmitKs work - - ib. Cast iron railing - ib» 464 APPENDIX. PAGE Blacksmith's work, continued Sash weights - - 18 Columns - - ib. Wrought iron casements - ib. Stays - _ _ ib. Door chains - > - ib. Chimney bars - - ib. Cramps - - - ib. Cross bars - - ib. Dogs - - - ib. Doors - - - ib. Gudgeons - - ib. Holdfasts - - - ib. Hooks _ - - ib. Hoops - - - ib. Pump work - - ib. Pins - - - ib. Rails and railing - ib. Saddle bars - - 19 Bolts and nuts - - ib. Window bar fastenings - ib. Spikes _ _ - ib, Turnbuckles - - . ib. Blocks — sheave or pulley, of iron and brass, from 4 to 7 inches - - - ib. Board — milled, for engine work 20 Boiler — steam, from 4 to 20 horses - - - ib. Boilers — or teaches, for boiling sugar in the West Indies, from 3 feet 3 inches dia- meter, to 5 feet 6 inches ib. Copper ditto, from 3 feet 8 inches, to 4 feet - ib. Bole — a measure of corn - ib. Bolts — screwed, with nuts, for Carpenters, Millwright8,&c. 21 Borax — for joining metals - ib. Bordering — flower bed, of cast iron - - - ib. ■ Borer — bung, for Coopers - ib. Bosses — brass, for plumbers' water cocks - - ib. Box — wood, for Turners, &c. spe- cific gravity, &c. - - ib. Boxes — for axletree arms - ib. Ditto, for Joiners' dowelling ib. Ditto, of cast iron, for win- dows to hold flowers, &c. 22 Ditto for cutting wood screws - - ib. Brackets — of cast iron, for sup- porting sheds - - ib. Brads — rose and floor for Joiners' ib. Brass — -specific gravity of, &c. 23 Brasses for machinery, &c. - ib. Breadth — a measure of length - ib. Bricks — paving - - ib. Stock and other ditto - 24 Weight and calculations of,&c. ib. PAGE Bricklayer'^s work - - 24 Brickwork - - ib. Oven ditto - - ib. Marl facing - - ib. Old work taken down and rebuilt - - ib. Parapets - - - ib. Beam filling - - ib. Chase cut and parget - ih. Cuttings - - ib. Trimmers - - ih. Splays - - - ih. Birds* mouths - . 26 Cutting to rakes and ramps ih. Ditto, and pargetting - ih. Sailing Courses - - ih. Chamfers for Cornices - ib. Doors and windows bedded and pointed - - - ib. Sills made good - ih. Setting chimney pots -• ib. Pulling down old brickwork, &c. ib. Bricknogging - - ib. Cement work - - ib. Ditto, with tiles and bricks 27 Claying vaults - - ib. Coping, brick and tile - ib. Tile creasing - - ib. Drains — 2 courses - ih. 9 inches - - ib. 14 ditto - - ib. 18 ditto - - ib. 24 ditto - - ih. 9 inch gun barrel - ih. 12 ditto - - ih. 18 ditto - - ih. 24 ditto - - ih. 9 ditto in 9 inch work ih. 1 2 ditto ditto - ih. 18 ditto ditto - ih. 24 ditto ditto - ih. 30 ditto ditto - 28 36 ditto ditto - ib. Guaged arches - - ib. Cambre, semi-elliptical - ih. Red returns - ib. Groins - - ih. Beads and quirks - - ib. Splays - - ib. Camber, scheme, &c. - ih. Elliptical - - ih. Circular on plan, &c. - ih. Work in niches - ib. Ditto in cornices, &c. - ih. Paving, with stocks - - ib. Paviors - - ih. Marie clinkers - - ih. Dutch clinkers - - ih. Foot tiles - - 29 Ten inch tiles - - ih. Ovens paved - - ib. APPENDIX. 465 PAGE Bricklayer''s work, continued. Pointing — tuck,flat joint.&c. 29 Sewers — 3 feet wide, and 5 feet high - ib. 2ft. 6in. wide, and 4ft. Bin. high - - ib. 3ft. wide and 4ft. high ib. 3ft. 3in. wide and 4ft. 6in. high _ - . ib. 3ft, 6in. wide and 5ft. high ib. Tiling, pantiling, dry - ib. Ditto, pointed - - 30 Old, stripped and re-tiled ib. Heading - - _ ib. Hips, ridges, &c. - ib. Fillet - - - - ib. Hip hooks and T nails ib. Plain tiling > - ib. Hips, Ridge, verge, &c. t6. Day work and sundries ib. Welsh fire bricks - - 31 Ditto, lumps - - ib. Chimney pots - - t6. Rubbish and soil carted 32 Table of brick work, from 3/.5y.to4M0*.perrod 33 Ditto, 21. 10s, to 201. per rod . - - ib. Bridge— of iron for footway and carriages - - - 34 Broadshares — for agriculture ib. Bruiser t apple — for making cyder, &c. - - - - 76. Building — Act of Parliament ib. First rate building - - ib. Second rate ditto - . - t6. Third rate ditto - - 35 Fourth rate ditto - - 36 Fifth rate ditto - - ib. Sixth rate ditto - - ib. Seventh rate ditto - - ib. General notes - - 37 Bundle — for laths, &c. - - 41 Bushel — An English measure for dry goods, &c. - - ib. Busks — of steel, for stays - 42 Butt — A measure for liquids ib. C. Cabinet Maker^s Work. Bed of feathers, in uphol- stery - - - 43 Bed, sea, with pillow - ib. Bedsteads, bamboo, with drapery - - - ib. French, any size, with ditto _ - - ib. Mahogany, ditto - ib. Tent, ditto - - - ib. Bedsteps, mahogany - ib. Bidet, ditto - - - 44 PAGE Cabinet Maker^s work, continued Bookshelf, japanned - 44 Caddy, tea - - - ib. Chairs, japanned - - ib. Mahogany - « . ib. Trafalgar - - ib. Music - - - - ib. Rosewood - - ib. Yew for kitchens - - ib. Chest, tea - - ib. Coach, mahogany - - ib. Covers, desk - - ib. Curtains for drawing rooms, &c. - _ - ib. Cushions, horse hair - ib. Desk, portable - - ib. Drawers, chest of, portable (Davis's) and other ib. Glass, mahogany dressing - 45 Swing Commode, &c. ib. Mattrass, bordered hair - ib. Palliasse, straw - - ib. Rug, hearth - - ib. Sideboard, mahogany, 6 ft ib. Ditto ' 7 ft. ib. Ditto 7ft. 6 in. ib. Sofa, mahogany, drawing- room - - ib. Stand-tray, mahogany and washhand - - ib. Table, dressing - - ib. Mahogany, Pembroke - t6. Ditto pillar and claw - ib. Ditto card and sofa, in rosewood - - ib. Ditto set of 2 ditto with pillars and claws - ib. Ditto ditto, best to order ib. Ditto dining, lOft. 6in. by 4ft - - - ib. Ditto II ft. 6in. by 4ft 2in. ib. Ditto 12ft. 6 in. by 4ft .6 in. ib. Wardrobe, mahogany - ib. Cade — A measure for fish - ib. Cog, or keg — ditto - ib. Campeche or logwood — Specific gravity - - ib. Cane — A long measure at Naples ib. Canes, Sugar — Size of a bundle, &c. - . - ib. Cantar, or cantaro — A weight in Italy, &c. - - ib. Caph — A liquid measure - 46 Capoose — Mill, for the bottom of upright shafts in mill- work - - ib. Carat— -A small weight - ib. Carpenters^ and Joiners' Work 47 Architraves, subases, &c. ib. Backs, elbows, and soffits ib. Battening, | inch to 8 inches 48 3 N 400 APPENDIX. PAGE Carpenters*, ^-c. w-tk, conimued. Boarding, rough, |, and edges shot, &c. - - 48 Ditto, inch ditto, ditto ib. Weather _ _ - ib. Lover, with frames, «S:c. ib. Foxing, window - - 49 Bracketing and cradling - ib. Casements, French, 2in. and 2^in. . - . ib. Centreings, common, groins, &c. &c. - - - ib. Cisterns and sinks, 1^ to 2 in. - - - 50 Chimney fronts - - ib. Closet ditto - - - ib. Columns and pilasters - ib. Cornices - - - 51 Counter fronts - - - ib. Dado, f to l:j;In. - - ib. Deal, slit _ - . ib. I inch - - - 52 1 do. - . - ib. li do. - - - 53 l| do. - - - ib. 2 da - - - 54 2| do. . - - 55 3 do. - - - ib. Doors, ledged - - - i6. 1^ inch rough - 56 1^ do. panneled - ib. l| do. do. - - ib. 2 do. do. - - ib. 2^ do. do. - - 58 Sash - - - - 60 Wainscot - - - 61 Drain covering - - 62 Drawers - - - ib. Dressers _ . - ib. Elm timber - - - 63 Fencing - - - - ib. Fir timber - - - 64 Tables, &c. to - - 69 Flooring timber - - 70 Flooring boarded, from inch to 2 inch - - - 72 Gates, H to 2^ inches - 73 Girders, common and trussed ib. Grounds, narrow and framed 74 Gutters and bearers - - ib. Ironing boards, lin. to 2in. ib. Ladders, standard and otheis ib. Linings and fascias, &c. - ib Ditto, framed and soffits - 75 Mahogany shelves, plinths, drawers, &c. - - 76 Mouldings, fillets, &c. - 77 Oak timber framing. &c. 7^ Plank 1^ in. to 3^ in. - 79 Pale fencing,4,5,6 and 7ft. 80 Partitions, quarter - - ib. Framed and mouldtd - 81 PAGE Carpenters', %c. work, continued. Pilasters - - - 82 Roofing - - , ib. Table for quantity of framing - - - 83 Sashes . . _ S4 Sash frames only - - 85 Sash frames and sashes - ib. Shelves, f inch, 1 ^ and 1 ^ - 86 Shutters, ^ inch ledged - 87 I inch, ledged and framed ib. 1 do. do. . - ib. 1^ do. do. and moulded ib, l|do. do. do. - 88 Sliding - - - 89 Skirting, plain and moulded ib. Skylights, 2in. and 2^in. 90 Stabling, fitting up ditto - 91 Stairs, inch and carriages - ib. U ditto - - - 92 Spandrils - - _ ib. Strings - - _ ib. Handrails - - - 93 Balusters - - _ ib, Planceer - - _ ib. Newels - _ _ ib. Nosings and brackets - 94 Wainscotting, framed - ib. Foreign - - - 95 Washing troughs - - 96 Water closet fittings up - ib. Water trunks - - ib. Charges for time, day work ib. Deals & Battens, for day work 98 Elm Timber, ditto - ib. Fir, ditto, ditto - ib. Mahogany, ditto - - 99 Oak, ditto - - ib. Ditto Plank, ditto - ib. Plank,Fir,Elm,New and Old Oak ditto - - ib. Wainscot, ditto - - 100 Wedges, Oak and Fir, ditto ib. Ironmongery, Bolts (brass and common) - - ib. Glue - - - 101 Hinges - - ib. HLs - - - 103 Parliament ditto - ib. Side ditto - - ib. Holdfasts - . - ib. Latches - _ - ib. Lead - - - - ib. Locks - - _ ib. Nails and brads - - 104 Pitch - - - ib. Pullies - - - ib. Sash drops - - 105 Screws - _ . ib. Shutter turns - - ib. Smiths' work - - ib. Spikes - - - 106 APPEND L^. 4(37 PAGE Carpenter"!, S^c, wcrk, continued. Tar - - . 106 Wall hooks - - 16. White lead - - - ib Wire work - ih. Carriages — Gentlemen's wheeled chaise, chaiiot, coach, cur- ricle, gig, &c., &c. - lb. Carving — The Corinthian or other capitals - - - 107 Cart, Common, one and two horse _ _ - ib. Mule for the West Indies - ih. Scotch, &c. - - - 108 Cartage- — Rates of, in London - ib. Casement — Stays of Wrought Iron - - - 123 Ca^gu?— Bands for lathes - - ih. Cattle — Method of measuring with calculations, &c. - 124 Cavedo — A Portuguese long mea- sure - - - - 125 Cedar — Timber, specific gravity, &c. - - - - ib. Cement — For Turners - - 1 26 Engineers - jV;. Smiths - - - ib. Copper Smiths - ib. Patent metallic - - ib. Roman _ > . 129 Chain — Cattle _ . _ ib. Crane - - _ ib. Door - - - ' ib. Drag - - _ ib. Timber _ _ > ib. Trace _ - . ib. For surveying land, &c. - ib. CJiair — Garden, of iron, for one two, and three persons, &c. ib. Chaldron — An English dry mea- sure - - - - 130 Clialk — Specific gravity, &c. - ib. Charcoal, and dust of ditto, for founders - _ . {b. Cherry tree — Timber, specific gra- vity _ - . ,7;, Chimney pieces, of iron - - ih. Pots of earthenware - ib. Otisels, Paring, socket, mortis, for carpenters, &c. - 131 Cold or steel for masons ib. Millwrights, &c. - - ib. Chcenix — A foreign dry measure ib. Chopin — A French liquid measure ib. CJiurn, Patent, for making butter ib. Circle, To find the area of, &c. - ib. Circumference, To find the cir- cumference of, &c. - ib. Cistern or Tank — To find con- tents of, «S:c. - - ib. PACE Citron — Timber, specific gravity 132 Clamps — for carts, «&c., with rivets - - . 132 Clay — Specific gravity of - ib. Stourbridge, for furnaces - ib. Clinkers — Dutch paving - ib. Closet — Water, fitted up - - 133 Cloths — Bolting, '"or dressing flour from Nos, I to 20 - ib. Clove — An Essex Weight - ib. Clough — A draught among tra- ders, &e. - - - 134 Cvach — Cost of his Majesty's state ... ib. Coal — Sea, gravity of, &c. - ib. Coal Tar— For a paint - - 185 Cocca wood — Timber, gravity of, ib. Cockles — For Hatters - - ib. C cks — Large, for water works - ib. Brass ditto, common and patent ... ib. Stop and bib ditto - - 136 Ball ditto - - - 137 Coke — Weight of, «&;c. - - ib. Collars or Washers — Inch, J, J, I, and 4 inch - - ib. Colouring— G I een, a cheap ditto for the walls of theinsides of houses - . _ ib. Column — cast iron, plain and moulded - - . ib. Compasses, beam— from 8 to 16 inches - - - 138 Composition — For wood roofs, &c. ib. Cone — To find the contents of 16. Congins — A Roman liquid mea- sure - - . . ib. Container — For mill capooses, to hold oil, &c. - _ ib. Cooler — Cast iron, fitted up - 139 Coomb — a dry measure - - ih. Coping— Both stone, for 9 inch work - - _ _ ib. Copper — Specific gravity - ib. Weight of, thicknesses,&c. - ib. Bolts, sheets, shrufF, &c. ib. Civering for roofs, flats, gufters, &c. - - _ ib. Cord — Scaff«'ld - _ _ 149 O*' wood, the measure of - ib. Cork — Specific giavity, «&c. - ib. Corns — A Jewish mfasure - ib. Coulter — For agricultural ploughs, common and Dutchetts - ib. Covering of paper — Prepared for roofs ... ib. CuM^Z— Chimney, 10. 11, and 12 inch - - . . ib. Cramp — For carpenters, chair and cabinet makers, &c. Hi Ditto for masons in fixing stone work - - . n 468 APPENDIX. PAGE Ctane — Copper, for distillers, &c. 141 Ditto for docks and ware- houses _ - - ih. Ditto portable, &c. - - t&. Crank — for engines of cast iron ib> for lathes single and dou- ble throwed, of wrought iron - - _ ib. Crib — of wrought iron, for cows - ib. Crocus— {or mixing in iron ce- ment _ _ - ib. Crucible— Bulch black lead - 142 Stourbridge - ib. Crusher — Fruit, (for making li- quids) > _ - ib. Cube — to find the contents of, &c. - - - - ib. The quantity of water it will contain, with the weight - ib. Cubit — a measure of length - ib. Culeus — an antique liquid mea- sure - - . - 143 Cultivator — for agriculture, with irons and wheels - ib. Cushions — moreen, for seats - ib. Cutlass blades — for the planta- tions _ _ - ib. Cyathus — a Roman liquid mea- sure _ - - - ib. Cylinder — engine, diameters of, according to the power ib. Method of measuring - 144 Cypreis— Specific gravity of - ib. D. Daker — a number, for leather hides - - - - 144 Damper — Cast iron, for furnaces ib. Day — for artificers - - ib. Deals — qualities and thicknesses, with a table - - - 1 45 Degree — a land measure - 146 Dextans — a Roman weight - ib. Dial, Sun—\2 inch, 2 and 5 minute - - _ ib. Diamond — method of valuation - ib. Digging — ground - - 147 Well - - - - ib. Dish — a miner's measure - 148 Doors — wrought iron - - ib. Cast iron _ - - ib. As directed by Building Act ih Dozen — a quantity - - - 149 Drag — Shoe forcarts,carriages, - ib, Ijog — A Hebrew measure - ib. Lug — A measure of land - ib. Lumps — ^Welsh, for furnace work ib. Lustre — British, metallic, for cleaning metals, &c. ib. M. Machine — Apple bruising, bal- last, beer, blocking, bolt- ing, bone, cane-top cut- ting, carrot cutting, chaff cutting, cinder sifting, corking, diamond, drilling 218 APPENDIX. 471 PAGE Machinv, continued. Filtering, hay-making, horae hair and wool cleaning, letter copying, madder, oil-cake, punching, sau- sage, thrashing, weighing, winnowing, &c. - - 219 Machinery — One horse power - 220 For conveying sugar canes, &c. - - _ ih. For suspending folding doors &c. - - - - t6. Maggio — An Italian measure for corn - - _ ih. Mahogany — Method of cleaning and polishing - - ih. Specific gravity, &c. - 221 Mallet — for carpenters, &c. - ih. Manger — for stables, of cast iron ih. Mangle — Common, jack, patent, portable, &c. - - 222 Maple — Timber — specific gravity, &c. - - - - 223 Marble — Specific gravity, «S:c. ib. Veined, statuary, dove, Kil- kenny, &c. - - ih. Mark — A foreign weight - ih. Masons^ Work — Bath stove, and work, &c. - - ih. Balusters, channel - - 224 Chimnies, coping, &c. to 228 Mast — A quantity - - ih. Mastick Timber — Specific gravity, &c. - - - - ih. Matchetts — for cutting sugar canes, &c. in the Colo- nies, &c. - - - 229 Maund — A weight of books - ib. Also a foreign weight - ib. Mats — Garden, rope, Spanish, &c. - - - - 230 Matting — Rush , inferior and beat ih. Measurer — Practical - - 231 Medin — An Egyptian measure - 266 Medlar Tree — Specific gravity, &c. _ . . ih. Metal— ?\a.iedi - - - ih. Method of cleaning, &c. ib. Metre — A Turkish liquid mea- sure - - - - ih. Metreta — An attic ditto, ditto t6. Mett — An ancient Saxon corn measure - - - ib. Mittadel — A Florence liquid measure - - - ih. Mile — A land measure - - ib. German, Spanish, Polish, Swedish, Danish, Hunga- rian, Scotch, and Irish, &c. - - - - ib. Mill — Bean, for cleaning from the husks, &c. - 267 Mill, continued. Bone, for crushing bones, from 3 to 10 tons per day 267 Brick, with horse wheel, &c. 16. Bruising, for corn, malt, pulse - - . _ ih. Coffee - . - ib. Com, small and large sizes ib. Drug, with complete ma- chinery - - - ih. Flour, family and portable ib. Furze or Gorst - - ib. Irish wheat - - _ ih. Kibbling, with or without frames - - . ih. Lead, with 5 feet rollers, &c. - - - - ib. Linseed, with 5 feet, d tto 268 Malt, large and small - ib. Pug, of 2 horses power - ib. Saw, for cutting deals - t6. Ditto, for cutting timber ib. Ditto, with circular saws, &c. - - - .. ih. Ditto, for cutting veneers, 12 feet diameter - ib. Steel, for wheat, &c. - t&. Sugar for cattle - - ib. Ditto, for steam engine - 269 Ditto, for a windmill - ib. Ditto, for water wheel - t&. Tin plate rolling - - t6. Wheat, patent, hand, and horse power - • ib. Millrea — A measure for wine and oil - - - ib. Millstone — Specific gravity - ib. French burr, malt, Cologne ib. Mooredge, Peak, Rheim or Cologne, Dog, Quern, &c. 272 Millwrights' Work — Beech plank and scantling - - 273 Bolts and nuts - - ib. Boxes - - - 274 Brakes for windmills - ih. Cogs, appletree, beech, hornbeam, oak, &c. - ih. Colour mill work - ^ - 275 Corn mill work - - ib. Dyers' work - - 276 Elm timber scantling - ib. Fir timber ditto - - ib. Holdfasts, mahogany, &c. 277 Malt mill heads with staves ib. Mustard mill work - ib. Oak timber scantling - ib. Oil mill work - - t&. Patterns for wheels, width of cog, from 1 to lOin. ib. Plummer blocks from J ^ to 10 inches diameter of bearing, «&c. - - 278 472 APPENDIX. PAGE Millwfight^s work, continued. Riggers of wood and iron 279 Shafts of iron, from 2 to 10 inches - - - ib. Ditto of wood - - 280 Staves of beech, &c. - 281 Wallowers with staves - ib. Wash wheels, &c. - - ib. Water wheel work - ib. Wheels of wood - - ib. Ditto of cast iron, pitched, &c., from 2 to 14 inches in width of cog - - 282 Steel chisels, &c. - - 283 Lantern wheels - 284 Water wheels of iron - ib. Tread wheels - - ib. Table for water wheels - 285 Wood wheels, from 4 to 8 inches thick - - ib. Masters' charges, &c. - 286 Mittigal — A foreign weight for silk - - - - ib. Money — ^Foreign, in British value 287 Moriar — for building (calculation upon) - _ - ib. Mount — of plaster, &c. - - ib. Mulbeiry — Spanish — specific gravity - _ - (b, Muyd of Corn — A foreign mea- sure - - - _ 288 Myriad — A quantity - - ib. N. Nail — A measure - - - 288 Nails — Cart, clasp, clout, cooper ib. Flask, flat-point, hob - ib. Horse-shoe, lath and wall, rose - - - 289 Shingle, tire - - - ib. National Measures of Foreign Countries - - - ib. Netting Wire - - - 291 Newels — Wrought iron, for stair- cases, &c. - - ib. Nippers — for founders - - ib. Nook— A measure of land - ib. Oak Timber — Specific gravity - 291 PJank, from 1 to 3 inches thick - _ _ Ochre — Red and yellow, for paint &c. - Oil — ^Florence, galipoly, lamp, linseed, olive, neats' foot, &c. - - - - ib. Oke — A Turkish weight - - ib. Olive Tree — Specific gravity - ib. Omer — A Hebrew measure for liquids . _ _ iT,, {6. 292 PAGE Orange Tree — Specific gravity 292 Orchell — Liquor for reddening or colouring wood - - ib. Oven — Contents of an 8, 9, and 10 feet - . _ 293 Iron work for an 8, 10, 14, and 16 bushel oven on an improved plan - - ib. Ounce — A little weight - ib. P. Pace — a measure of length 293 Pack — A quantity and weight ib. Packets, Steam — Charges to sun- dry places - - - 294 Packing Cases — of elm, deal, &c. from i an inch to 1 inch in thickness - - - ib. Pad Saw — for Joiners, &c. - ib. Paint — Anticorrosion, difierent colours _ _ . 295 Antiseptic - - - ib. Coal tar, brown - - ib. Lithic, oil, &c. - - ib. Painters^ work — Cornices.friezes, &c. - - - - 296 Gilding, &c. - - 297 Oils, 1, 2, 3, and 4, &c. 298 Writing, day work, &c. - 301 Painter — of wrought iron for sugar mills - - 302 Pales — Oak cleft - - - ib. Palm — A measure - - ib. Paper — Calculation of, for rooms ib. Emery and glass - ib. Parasang — A Persian measure - ib. Patent — Expense and bill for taking, &c. - - 303 Pattern making — System of, for fine casting, &c. - - ib. Paving — Abstract of the Act for, 305 Paviors' work — Pebble, granite, Purbeck, rag, York, &c. 306 Paving — of cast iron, for streets, &c. - - - 307 Pear tree — Specific gravity, &c. ib. Peck — A dry measure - - ib. Peeler — An agricultural imple- ment - - - ib. Pennyweight — A small weight - ib. Perch — A measure of land - ib. Pilasters — of iron, plain and or- namented - - _ ib. Pipe — of wine, contents of - 308 Pipe — of cast iron for rain water, &c. 2, 2i, 3, 3^, and 4 inches, with heads and shoes, &e. - - - ib. Ditto for water, 2 to 12 inches - - _ ib. Cast iron, table of weights - 309 APPENDIX. 473 PAGE Pipe, continued. ■ Copper, earthenware, elm, lead, &c. - - - 311 Steam pipe calculation, &c. 312 Pitch — for wood troughs, gut- ters, &c. - - - ib. Planes — Bench, block.smoothing, jointer - - - ib. Astragal, bead, chair, cor- nice, dovetail, filister, ploughs, and various moulding and others - ib. For Carpenters, Joiners, Cabinet makers. Coach makers, &c. - - 320 Planing — by machinery, for deals and battens, &c. - - 321 Plank — Dantzic, Memel, Swede, &c. - - - - ib. Plaster of Paris — for Masons, Plasterers, &c. - - ib. Plasterers* Work — Cement, co- louring, cornices - 322 Frets, fliitings, &c. floors - 323 Lath and plastering - 324 Mouldings, beads, &c. - 325 Pugging, rendering, &c. ib. Stucco, day work, &c. - 326 Plate — Capoose, Tor bottom of mill shafts,. &c. - - 327 Plate — Wall, of wrought iron ib. Wrought iron for roof cover- ing - - - - ib. Tongue and rivet, foi' carts, . &c. - - - ib. Pilars — for Wire Workers - ib. Plough — (Agricultural) Berwick- shire - - - ib. Cane, circular, double-fur- rowed, Hampshire, hoe, Indian, mole, one horse, pressing, ribbing, Scotch, swing, &c. - - - ib. Plumbers' Work — Bosses, cis- terns, cistern heads for pipes, cocks, copper cover- ing, ferrules, gutters 329-330 Joints to pipes - - 331 Pumps, solder, wall-hooks, «&c. - - - - 332 Pule — A measure of land - ib. Polishing — Art of - - - ib. Furniture and different woods, also the methods of making the polishes - ib. Porterage — Rates of, in London, according to Act of Par- liament - . - 337 Portland Stone — per foot - ib. Posts — of cast iron, for clothes, field gate, hurdle, lamp, mile, stall, street, &c. - 340 Pots — Chimney, of cast iron, &c. ib. PAGE Pottle — A liquid measure - 341 Pound — An English weight - ib. Power — Man's, also in using dif- ferent instruments, one horse ditto, five ditto, two ditto of steam, wa- ter wheel, windmill, &c. 342 Pozzolano — Patent British, for building, &c. as a Stucco, per White and Co. - ib. Press — Apple, cheese, cyder, table-cloth, wine, hydro- static, with pumps, &c. 343 Profit and Loss— Table for calcu- lating of, from 2^ to 50 per cent - - - - ib. PuUies — for Joiners' work,to sash frames - - - - 344 Pumice Stone — for Painters, &c. ib. Pump — Calculations for stroke, &c. - - - - ib. Common, copper, iron, lead lifting, charge for the loan of, &c. - _ - iff, PuncJieon — A weight for prunes, &c. - - - - 346 Quart — A liquid measure - 347 Quarter — A measure of capacity and length - - -. ib. Quicksilver- — for thermometers, steam guages, &c. - - ib. Quintal — A weight - - ib. Quire — A quantity of paper, &c. ib. Rack—oi cast iron, for hay, sheep, &c. - - 347 Railing — for fronts of housesj with 1 inch, 1^ inch, 1^ bars, &c. - - - ib. Railway Road — of cast iron, and fixing, &c. - - 348 Rakes — Coach, with double frame, &c. - - ib. Ell or drag, stubble, and for rowing hay - - - ib. Ranges — Kitchen, with oven and boiler complete, 3ft., 3ft. Sin., 3ft. 6 in., 3ft. 9in., and 4ft., and falling top bar, &c. - - - ib. Leather for washers, &c. - ib. Rasps — ^Farriers, Gunstockers, Last makers, saddle-tree, &c. - - - 349 Ream — A quantity of paper - ib. Reddening Liquid— for colouring wood, &c. - t6. Reed — A measure of length - ib. 3 O 474 APPENDIX. PAGE Reguhm — for soldering metals, &c. - - - 349 Jlivets — for puncheons, &c. - ih. Hod — A measure of length - ib. Il^Jcl,s — for boring wells, &c. nail, round, and S. C. for Smiths, &c. - - ib. Roller — Field and garden, &c. - 350 Sugar Mill or case, &c. - ib. Roofs — of cast and wrought iron, from 20 to 50 feet span, &c. - - - - ib. Rood — A land measure - ib. Ro twasher — An agricultural in- plement _ - - ib. Rope — for pullies, &c. - - - 351 Table, showing the weight good rope will sustain,&c. ib. Rubbers — for Vicemen, &c. - 352 Runlet — A liquid measure - ib. 353 ib. 355 356 S. Sack — A measure of capacity and weight, &c. Table, showing the different prices from Is. 9d. to 8s. 6d. per bushel, sack, quarter, load, or wey Sal Ammoniac — for cleansing me- tals, &c. - Sand — ^Founders, road, Thames, and calculations, &c. Sathes — of cast iron, copper, &c. Saws — Butchers' bow, chest, grafting, hand, pannel, ripping, &c. Circular mill and compass 357 Cotton cleaning and dovetail 358 Mill, pannel, pit, table - 360 Wood cutters, &c. - 362 Sawyers' work — by hand and mill 364 Scales — Domestic, counter, large table, &c. - - - 366 Scarificator — for clearing grass land - - _ ib. Scarifier — Ditto Gen. Beatson's ib. Scrapers — for gardens, halls, roads, &c. - - - ib. Screw-plate — with taps, for Engi- neers, &c. - - 367 Score — A measure of coals, &c. - ib. Screws — Bed, coach, bench, wood, &c. - - ib. Scythe and Crook — for agricultu- ral work - - - 368 Seam — A weight of glass - t6. Seats — of wrought iron, for gar- dens, «&c. - _ - ib. Seating — Horse-hair, for sofas, chairs, &c. - - ib. PAGE Shovel — for Labourer's work - 368 Sieves — Breeze, flour, founders, gravel, grocers, masons, potato. Tallow melters, &c. - - - - ib. Silver — Standard weights of coins, &c. - - - - 369 Skimmer — Copper for sugar boil- ers, &c. - - _ ib. Skylight — Cast iron, copper, &c. ib. Slates — Countesses, Doubles, Dutchessps, Imperials, la- dies, Queens, Rags, Westmorland - - 370 Slaters'' work — of various qualities, per square - - »7>. Charges for day work - ib. Quantity of surface the dif- ferent qualities of slate will cover, &c. - - ib. Slicer — Meadow, turnip, mangle wurzel, &c. - - 371 Sluices — Cast iron, with doors, «&c. as erected at the Dub- lin Docks - - - ib. Smoke — Consuming by combus- tion _ _ _ ii). Consuming of,, by combus- tion, for large coppers, furnaces, &c. - - 372 Sope— Soft - - ib. Soil — Night, clearing away,&c. - ib. Space — A land measure - ih. Spade — for gardens, &c. - ib. Span — A measure of length - ib. Spikes — Of wrought iron, for Carpenters, &c. - ib. Spirit — Or Alcohol, contained in wines and liquors, &c. ib. Springs — Carriage, gig, elliptic, landau, door of steely &c. 374 Square — A measure, &c. - ib. Stages — Of wrought iron, for flower pots - - ib. Stain — Red or archill for bed- steads, method of prepar- ing, black for picture frames, ditto, &c. &c. - ib. Stamps — List of - - 375 Stanchion — Or stay for carts, &c. 380 Stand Rick — ^For corn , stacks, &c. ib. Steam Boat — Velocities of, ac- cording to the power, &c. 381 Steel — Bister, cart and shear ingot - - ih. Saw, sheet, spring, square 332 Step — Or plate for capooses, for mill spindles Still— Of copper, for 600 gallons i'\ Stocks and thes — For engineers, smiths, &c. - - ib. Stock Pad — A joiner's tool - ib. APPENDIX. PAGE Stone — Common and Portland, specific gravity, &c. rot- ten, price of, weight of iron shot, meat, hemp, wool - - 383 Stoves — Register, elliptic, bed- room, ironing, &c. - ib. Strainer — Sugar, for the West Indies, &c. - - ib. Strike — A dry measure - ib. Sulpfnir — For iron cement, &c. . ib. Surveyors — Commission for mea- suring - - ib. District, a list of - 384 Swage — Of Cast iron, for smiths 387 Table — Equation, for valuing landed estates and other property, and to regulate the investment of money, &C.&C., with a table - 387 Billiard - - - ib. Of glass, the quantity, &c. ib. Taci*-— Small nails - - 389 Tallow - - - - - ib. Tar — for outside boarding, &c. ib. Tarpauling — loan of - - ib. Tenancy — by the year, of pre- mises, houses, lodgings, &c. - - - - ib. Thatcher — Straw, materials, &c. for one square of thatching 391 Tierce — A liquid measure - ib. Tile — Cast-iron, pan, paving, plain and ridge, &c. - ib. Timbers — Method of measuring, &c. - - - - ib. Tin — Bar and block. To crystal- ize tin - - - 392 Tire — Old hoop, ring, strake - 393 Tod — A weight of wool, &c. - ib. Tools — Farriers, wheelwrights - ib. Ton — A weight - - ib. Tow — Flax and hemp - - ib. Traps — Rat, common, spring, wire - - ib. Trough — Of cast iron, for cattle, dogs, horses, pigs - ib Trowel — A bricklayer's tool, &c. 394 Truck — For drawing grain, &c. by hand - - ib. Truss — A quantity or weight of hay, straw, &c. - - ib. Tube — flexible, for relieving cat- tle, &c. - - ib. Tun — A liquid measure for oil, &c. - - - - ib. Turpentine — For painters, &c, ib. Tynes — dibblp, for Rgricultural work - - « ib. 475 PAGK Valuation — Duty, in Artificers' works, &c. - - 394 Varnish — Black, and carriage 395 Vat or Strickes — A dry measure ib. Vice — For Smiths, &c. - ib. Vitriol— Oil of - - - ib. U. Umbrellas — Loan of, stated by a company - _ - 395 Uprights — of cast iron, for corn ricks, &c. - - ib. W. Wages — Table to calculate, &c. 39G Waggon — Foui wheeled for light, dit'.o for heavy work 397 Wain — Iron work for fitting up in the West Indies - ib. Walnut Tree — Specific gravity ib. Wall-hooks — Wrought iron - ib. Wash — Shefiield silver, for re- plafing, &c. - - ib. Washer Root — .for agricultural use -■ - - - ib. Water of Lime, or Lime Water — Method of preparing - ib. Wedges — Box, beech, iron - ib. Weighbridge — for cattle and wag- gons, &c. - - ib. Weights — Cast iron - - ib. Weights and Measures — Act of Parliament, &c. - - 398 Abstract of an Act for ascer- taining and establishing uniformity of weights and measures, preamble - 3C9 Standard yard defined - 400 Standard pound defined - 401 Standard pound, if lost, &c. 402 Standard gallon, to coatain, &c. - - - - ib. Standard for heaped mea- sure - - - 403 Copies and models to be made - - - _ 404 Exitjting weights and mea- sures may be used, &c. 40 7 Rents payable in grain, &c, 408 Tables to be made, &c. - 410 Peiialties to this Act . - 411 Ditto of Irish Acts - 412 Former Acts repealed - 413 OiTicers, how appointed - 419 Abstract of an Act to pro- long the time, &c. - - 420 Dry measures inserted in the London Gazette, and the resolutit-ns. &c. - 421 476 APPENDIX. PAGE Weigh's ani Measures, continued. Table of beer measure • 423 Ditto of wine measure - 424 Ditto of dry measure - 427 Tables, comparing the troy and avoidupois weights 429 Apothecaries' weight - 430 Long measure - - 431 Square or superficial ditto - ib. Cubic or solid ditto - ib. Cloth measure - - - ib. Beer measure - - 432 Wine measure - - - ib. Dry measure - - ib. Coal measure - 433 Hay and straw - - ib. Wool weight - - ib. Time - - - - 434 Variously explained - ib. Well Digger — Table for ascer- taining the quantity of digging, bricks, water, &c. 437 Wey — A weight in Suffolk and Essex - - - ib. WliceU — Carriage, chaise or gig, cast iron, wrought ditto, rail-road - - - fft. Wheelbarrows — of wrought iron 438 Whitening — for outside walls to buildings, method to pre- pare it - . _ t6. PAGE -for whitewashing, &c. 438 ib. Wliiting- Willow Tree — Specific gravity Windmill — for grinding corn, for one pair, 2 pair, 3 pair, and 4 pair of stones - ib. Wirulow Dnty — upon houses - 439 Rules for charging, &c. - 440 Exemptions - - - 442 Wine — Spirits of, for varnish 443 Wire — Brass, fencing, gauze, iron, netting, and for corn mill work, &c. - - ib. Witnesses — Expences of, in Courts of Justice - ib. Wrench Screw — for smiths, &c. 444 Y. Yard — A measure of capacity 444 Table shewing the value of any number of yards, &c. 445 Yarn — Tar and white - - 447 Year — Table, shewing what any sum is, from U to 1000, per month, week, or day - ib. Yew Tree — Specific gravity, &c. 448 Z. Zinc — Properties, qualities, uses, &c. - - - - 449 Ship — Method of admeasuring,for ascertaining the tonnage 459 M. KNIGHT AND CO. , I'RINX K«S, BISHOP'S OODRT, OLD B4IIBT. LIST OF WORKS PUBLISHED BY JOHN BENNETT, 4, THREE-TUN PASSAGE, IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON. THE OCTAVO GOSPEL LIBRARY; Including the Works of Crisp, Button, Coles, Eaton, Hussey, &c. I. CHRIST ALONE EXALTED, being the complete Works of Tobias Crisp, D. D in 52 Sermons, with Notes and Life of the Author, by John Gill, D. D. new editicn, being the seventh, in 12 parts, each containing 64 pages, on good paper, and new dear type, as Is. each, with a fine Portrait of the Author; or in two volumes, bound in cloth, price 14s. •• Well might the excellent Thomas Cole say, that if he had but £100 in the world, and Dr. Crisp's Works could not be had without giving £50 for them, he would give it rather than be without them." — Spiritual Magazine. IL CHRIST MADE SIN, evinced from Scripture, 2 Cor. v. 21. By Samuel Crisp, Esq., 3d edition ; forming parts 13, 14, and 15 at Is. each, or bound in clothi 3s. 6d. *• With much earnestness we recommend this masterly defence of Dr. Crisp, written by his son ; happy such a father, and blessed is such a progeny." — Gospel Magazine. III. THE WONDERS OF GRACE; containing Christ the Mediator as set up from everlasting in all the glory of his person ; of God's election and covenant transac- tions concerning a remnant in his Son ; of Christ's incarnation, redemption, and glorious appearing; and on the special work of the Spirit in the hearts of the elect; with 61 hymns. By Mrs. Anne Dutton. New edition, revised; with Life of the Author, by John Andrews Jones, Minister of the Gospel ; forming part 16 of the 8vo. Gospel Library, with Portrait, price 3s. sewed. " The Author of this Work was a great Saint. Her renewed mind was largely led into truth. The great and glorious doctrines of the everlasting Gospel, she delighted in beyond expression." — Extract from the Editor's Preface. IV. ELISHA COLES ON GOD'S SOVEREIGNTY, with recommendatory Prefaces, by the Rev. W. Romaine, Dr. Goodwin, and Dr. Owen; which commences in part 17 of the Library, and will be completed in five parts, at Is.; or when complete in cloth, price 5s. 6d. " Until I received the truths of which Elisha Coles in this book treats, I could not enjoy the blessings and comforts of the precious Gospel." — Vide Mr. Romaine'' s Preface, 1^^ On completion of Coles, notice will be given what work will succeed it. Also, ORIGINAL GOSPEL HYMNS AND POEMS, with upwards of 40 new hymns, by John Kent, with a Portrait of the Author; aud recommendatory Prefaces, by Mr. J. A. Jones and Mr. Thomas Hardy. 7th edition ; neatly printed in demy l8mo. ; bound in cloth, price 4s. 6d. 2. SUPPLEMENT to ditto, containing the additional Hymns and Poems, price 9d. " Here are all manner of pleasant fruits in Kent's Hymns, new and old, laid up in store for the refreshment of the way-faring traveller in bis journey through the wilderness to his heavenly home." — Review, Gospel Magazine. 3. SERIOUS ESSAYS on the Truths of the glorious Gospel. By Jchn Ryland, D. D. late President of the Baptist Academy, Bristol ; written by him in early life, when John Ryland, jun. of Northampton. 3d edition ; with Preface and Notes, by John Andrews Jones. 18mo. bound in cloth, with Portrait, price 4s. " We have rarely met with a book of late so fully and unhesitatingly declaring the whole counsel of God." — Spiritual Times. 4. The CHRISTIAN'S GOLDEN TREASURE, and Companion in his Journey to Heaven. Containing, The Old Gospel Revived* The Beauties of the Bible; Life a Journey; The Wheels of Providence; The One Lord in Three Persons; The Birth of Christ, as predicted by the Prophets; Repenting Sinner the Joy of Heaven, The Wedding Robe; On Whitsunday; shewing the True Sabbath; On Persecution and Affliction ; A Prophecy on the Forty Two Months, One Thousand Two Hundred and Sixty Days, Three Days and Half; The Two Witnesses, when to be Slain; The Ionian, when she will fly into the Wilderness; and a Chronology of the Events firhich are to befal the Church and the World to the end of Time. By John Dobell, author of the New Selection of upwards of Eight Hundred Evangelical Hymns. Neatly printed in Two Volumes, Demy 18mo. with a Portrait of the Author. Bound in cloth, price 8s. 5. The PILGRIM'S HYMNS, and Poems on Christian Conversation. Designed for those whom the Lord hath visited with Salvation Blessings. By William Wes thorp. ISmo. bound in cloth, 2s. " To every tried believer, and lover of the truth as it is in Jesus, we cordially recommend both the above works, (Dobell and Westhorp,) hoping that they will find a rich repast for their souls." — Review, Spirihial Magazine. •' These two volumes of Mr. Dobell's, justly claim the warmest recommendation we can give; particularly at a time when a general smattering in religion, has taken the place of profound divinity." — Vide Gospel Magazine. 6. AN ANTIDOTE AGAINST ARMINIANISM, or a Treatise to Enervate and Confute all the Five Points thereof: viz. Predestination grounded on Man's foreseen Works ; Universal Redemption ; Sufficient Grace in All ; The Power of Man's Free- will in Conversion, and the Possibility of True Saints falling away, totally and finally. By Christopher Ness. A New Edition, being the third; revised, with Notes, by J. A. Jones. 12mo. boards, price 2s. 6d. " It is certainly a most incomparable Treatise, containing altogether incontestible truths. Indeed, the arguments of this acu'e writer are so luminous, that there is no book of the description can excel it," — Review, Gospel Magazine. 1 THE NATURAL HISTORIAN; or, DESCRIPTIVE TRAITS OF ANIMAL HIS'^ORY, for Youth. Embellished with nearly 200 well executed Engravings. f \)nta«ning a Series of interesting Anecdotes, with the Character and Habits of almost » 1 known Animals. By Mrs. G. Vasey. In 2 volumes, demy l8mo. bound in cloth. I ice 9s. — or in 18 Nos. at 6d. each. 8. SCRIPTURE EXTRACTS. With Notes and Observations from some of the »»JBt striking Historical Parts of Holy Scripture. By Robert Hawker, D. D. 2 vols, -pval. 8vo. boards. Price £l Is. 9. THE POOR PILGRIM, as Exemplified in the Life and Experience of John Pailey. Written by himself. A New Edition by J. A. Jones. 12mo. 3s. 6d. 10. THE FOUNDRY BUDGET OPENED; or, the ARCANUM OF WES- LEYANISM DISCLOSED. By John Macerowan. 8vo. Sewed. Price 9d. 11. THE MINISTERING WORKMAN, AND A DESCRIPTION OF HIS WORK. By Cephas. Recommended to all the Servants of the Most High God. By "ftomas Reed. Sewed. Price 9d. 12. A LETTER TO Mr. JOSEPH COTTLE, in which his Strictures are Examined, and the Doctrines he reviles under the Name of Antinomianism proved to be of no Licentious Tendency. By Thomas Reed. Price Is. 13. LIFE AND DEATH OP THE REV. JOHN WILKINSON. 6d. 14. ENCOURAGEMENT TO PRAYER. By Robert Harris, D. D. 3d. 15. PRINCIPLES AND RULES OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR, IN VERSE. By R. Tobitt. Price Is. 16. RURAL FELICITY, or HAPPY PEASANTRY. By the same Author. With Cuts. Price Is. 17. ORIGINAL STRICTURES ON EDUCATION. By ditto. 6d. 18. HOLY BIBLE IN VlNIATURE for the Instruction of Youth. W^ith Cuts. Price 6d. 19. THE LIFE AND LAST SERMONS OF THE REV. ROWLAND HILL. Memoirs of the Life, Ministry, and Writings of the Rev. Rowland Hill, M. A. By William Jones, M. A. With 15 Sermons preached by him in the 89th and last year of his life. 12 parts, 8vo. at Is. each, with a Portrait of Mr. Hill. 20. THE ARTIFICERS' COMPLETE LFXICON, for Terms and Prices, adapted for Gentlemen, Engineers, Architects, Builders, Mechanists, Millwrights, Manufac- turers, and Tradesmen. By John Bennett, Engineer, &c. Demy 8vo. to be com- pleted in about 10 Parts at Is. each. " The Calculations, as far as we have the means of judging, are made with great accuracy, and must have been the result of much labour. The Work has been published, as the Author informs us in the Preface, 'to prevent as much as possible all manner of disputation, and to create and promote a mutual and friendly under sMnding between the Employer and the Employed.' " — Woolmer's Exeter Gazette W. M. Knight & Co., Prinlets, Bishop's Court, Old Baile' I9r. arrt^p'e