E N G L A N D's 
 GAZETTEER; 
 
 O R, 
 
 An Accurate DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF ALL THE 
 
 CITIES, TOWNS, and VILLAGES 
 
 of the Kingdom. 
 In THREE VOLUMES. 
 
 VOL. I. and VOL.11, contain 
 
 A DICTIONARY of the CITES, 
 CORPORATIONS, MARKET-TOWNS, and the moft 
 noted VILLAGES ; their Manufactures and Trade; Markets, 
 Fairs, Cuftoms, and Privileges ; principal Buildings, and cha- 
 ritable Foundations, &c. With their Diftance from LON D o N 3 
 in Miles both computed, and meafured. 
 
 VOL. III. 
 A NEW INDEX VILLARIS, 
 
 O R, 
 
 Alphabetical RE GIS T E R of the hfs noted Villages 5 
 
 With their Diftance, or Bearing, from the next Market" 
 Town, or well-known Place. 
 
 This WORK includes all the chief Harbours, Bays, Forefts, 
 Hills, Mines, medicinal Springs, Moors, and other Curiofities 
 both of N ature and Art ; and not only takes notice of moft of the 
 Manors and Seats in the Kingdom, both ancient and prefent ; 
 but alfo points out the old military Ways, Camps, Caftles, and 
 other remarkable Ruins of ROMAN, DANISH, and SAXON An- 
 tiquity: And particularly {hews the Eftatesthat were for- 
 merly 3lbbej>#Lands. 
 
 LONDON; 
 
 Printed for J. and P. KNAPTON, D. BROWNE, A. MILLAR 
 J, WHISTON and B, WHITE. M.DCC.II.

 
 TO THE 
 
 Rt. Hon. ARTHUR ONSLOW, 
 
 KNIGHT of the Shire for Surrey, 
 
 SPEAKER 
 
 Of the Hon. Houfe of COMMONS, 
 In EVERY PARLIAMENT 
 
 Since the Acceffion of K. GEORGE II. 
 
 AND 
 One of his Majefif* moft Hon. Privy-Council, 
 
 THESE VOLUMES, 
 
 I NTITLED 
 
 EN GLANDS Gazetteer, 
 
 Are with the greateft Veneration infcribed, 
 and prefented 
 
 ^w 
 
 By His HONOUR'S 
 
 March 14, A. D.l 7 50 -I, 
 
 the i4th of the Reign r n. r\i T 3 j 
 
 of K. c E o R c E ii. Mcft Obliged, and 
 
 and in Seflion the 4th 
 
 of the loth Parliament -, * n r\i ? TT 7 ; r> 
 
 of Great. Britain. Moft Obedient Humlh Servant^ 
 
 STEPHEN WHATLEY. 
 
 1289563
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 THE ufefulnefs of this Gazetteer is fo fully 
 exprefled in the Titlt^ as to render a Preface 
 lefs neceflary ; but its being the only work 
 of the kind, in fo compleat a method, we 
 may be permitted to point out its peculiar advantage, 
 beyond any performance of the like nature hitherto 
 published. 
 
 The Nation is indebted to that great antiquarian Sir 
 Henry Spelman, for the firft effay of this clafs, in his 
 Villare Anglicum^ which, however imperfecl in its exe- 
 cution, fet others upon improving it, from the various 
 ufes of which they found it productive. 
 
 The indefatigable and accurate Mr. Speed, annexed 
 to his Maps of each County, an alphabetical index of 
 all the Cities, Towns and Villages therein, with the 
 name of the Hundred, or other divifion, in which 
 each was fituated : But this could be of no ufe to any, 
 who did not previoufly know what County it lay in ; 
 and when the place was, with fome difficulty, found 
 in the map, it was deficient in a very material and en- 
 tertaining point, viz. the Dijlance of fuch Village from 
 its next Place of Note, which was left to the trouble of 
 an uncertain menfuration. 
 
 The only work of that fort, fince Mr. Speed's, 
 worthy any notice, is Mr. Adams's Index Villaris, which 
 was intended for one compleat alphabetical regifter of 
 every place, whether confiderablt or not, in England. In 
 this improvement on Sir Henry Spelman's and Mr. 
 
 Speed's
 
 vi P R E FA. C E. 
 
 Speed's attempts, he added not only the County, and 
 divifion of the County, in which each Place was fituate y 
 but alfo the longitude and latitude j and this given at 
 one view to the Reader's infpeclion. Indeed, the great 
 fatisfadion this performance gave the Publick, was very 
 evident from its going through three editions within 
 twenty years ; though the folio fize it was printed in, 
 rendered it too cumberfome a companion to travel 
 with, and too dear a purchace for the generality of 
 Buyers. 
 
 The variety of improvements this age has produced, 
 both in geographical defcriptions of England, and in 
 the maps of its feveral counties, many of which, 
 \vithiri thefe few years, have been done by aclual fur- 
 veys, and on a large fize and fcale, have given the 
 Compiler of this work opportunity to add above a tbou- 
 fand Pillages omitted by Mr. Adams ; and the extra- 
 ordinary pains he has been at, in the frequent infpeclion 
 of thefe ufeful maps, and the great number of books 
 he has diligently and repeatedly confulted for this pur- 
 pofe, befides informations from correfpondents in dif- 
 ferent parts of the Kingdom, have enabled him to bring 
 this performance to a degree of perfection, beyond his 
 moft fanguine hopes; The clofe application neceflary for 
 fuch an undertaking is eafier conceived than exprelied j 
 but vincit amor patrice. The fincere and high efteem 
 he had for his native country, put him upon this at- 
 tempt feveral years part ; and the hopes that he mould 
 render it an ufeful and acceptable performance to 
 his countrymen, encouraged him to profecute it, 
 through a feries of difficulties, which he now looks 
 back upon with pleafure. In this copious, yet con- 
 cife Alphabetical Defcription ofENGLAND, every 
 perfon ( the Traveller efpecially ) will find both Ufe 
 and Amufement. Its Ufe is very plain, from the 
 diftance which every place of note is ftiewn to be from 
 the great Metropolis of the Kingdom, as well as by par- 
 ticularifmg the Manufactures, and other ufeful circum- 
 ftances by which each Town is peculiarly diftinguifhed ; 
 
 and
 
 PREFACE. vii 
 
 and its Amufement is as evident, from the enu-* 
 ineratiori of the feveral remarkables of Nature or Art, 
 which each place affords, ,to gratify the curiofity of 
 perfons of different views and taftes. 
 
 As the plan of the performance required all the 
 brevity that was confident with perfpicuity, it was ne- 
 cefTary to abbreviate a great many of the words, which, 
 if printed at length, would have near doubled the fize 
 of this work, and thereby have enhanced the price ; 
 whereas to render it both cheap and portable, were two 
 points that were always in view, and from which it is. 
 hoped our Readers will not think we have deviated. 
 
 Though all poflible care has been taken to make it, 
 in every article, correct and exact, yet it is not to be 
 fuppofed, that a compendium of this kind, which 
 contains near 30,000 nam^s of places, mould be en- 
 tirely free from defects or miftakes ; for, during 
 the time it has been compiling, many Manors 
 and Gentlemens Seats may have changed their pof- 
 feflbrs, and new ones been erected : And as neither 
 the Maps, nor the Hiftories of our Counties agree in 
 the fpelling of very many places, we chofe, for moft 
 part, to follow Mr. Adams's Index Fitiaris^ which has 
 the feweft mis-fpellings, and thofe we have rectified. 
 We conclude with refpectfully fubmitting the whole 
 to the candour of the Publick, 
 
 A N
 
 A N 
 
 EXPLANATION 
 
 O F 
 
 The moft common Words, which are ab- 
 breviated in this Work, for the fake of 
 reducing it to a Size for the Pocket. 
 
 Abp. 
 
 Archbifhop. 
 
 inh. 
 
 Inhabitants. 
 
 aid. 
 
 Aldermen. 
 
 K. 
 
 King. 
 
 almfh. 
 
 Alms-houfe. 
 
 Km. 
 
 Kingdom. 
 
 Bor. 
 
 Borough. 
 
 Ld. 
 
 Lord. 
 
 Bp. 
 
 Bimop. 
 
 Lp. 
 
 Lordfhip. 
 
 Bpk. 
 
 Bifhoprick. 
 
 M. 
 
 Monday. 
 
 bel. 
 bet. 
 
 belonging, 
 between. 
 
 m. 
 
 C milesjf/w.comput- 
 ( ed, mm. meafured. 
 
 b. 
 
 borders. 
 
 mf. 
 
 Manufacture. ' 
 
 Co. 
 
 County. 
 
 mon. 
 
 Monaftery. 
 
 C.C. 
 
 Com. Council. 
 
 Mt. 
 
 Market. 
 
 Ch. 
 
 Church. 
 
 N. 
 
 North. 
 
 ch. fc. 
 
 Charity School. 
 
 ? 
 
 parifh. 
 
 com. 
 
 compafs. 
 
 Pt. 
 
 Parliament. 
 
 fiprp. 
 
 Corporation. 
 
 Q, 
 
 Queen. 
 
 D.andC. Dean and Chap. 
 
 
 Reign. 
 
 D. 
 
 Duke. 
 
 Ref. 
 
 Reformation* 
 
 T*\' ft* 
 
 c Difiblution of 
 
 r. 
 
 river. 
 
 Dm. 
 
 1 Monafteries. 
 
 S. 
 
 Saturday. 
 
 E. 
 
 Eaft. 
 
 S. 
 
 $-, South. 
 
 E.R. 
 
 1 Eaft C Ridings 
 
 T. 
 
 Town. 
 
 W.R. 
 N. R. 
 
 y Weft \ of 
 i North (Yorkfh. 
 
 Tb. 
 Tu. 
 
 Thar/Jay. 
 Tuefday. 
 
 F. 
 
 Friday. 
 
 U. 
 
 Univerfity. 
 
 fr, fc. 
 
 Free School. 
 
 Vifc. 
 
 Vifcount. 
 
 Gt. 
 
 Government. 
 
 W. 
 
 Wednefday. 
 
 H. 
 
 Hundred. 
 
 w. 
 
 Weft. 
 
 hof. 
 
 Hofpital. 
 
 
 .B. Every City, or Borough^ that fends Members to 
 Parliament* is diftinguijbed by a * and every Market- 
 Town by a &
 
 England^ GAZETTEER, 
 
 AND 
 
 INDEX VILLARIS, 
 
 A B 
 
 ABBATSTON, alias 
 ABBZRSTON, (Hamfjh.) 
 near Alresford, is a /cat of 
 the D. of Bolton, which 
 was' erected by the firft D. of the 
 family. 
 
 ABBERTON, (EJJ'cx) near Lex- 
 den, is a manor which K. Hen. VIII. 
 gave to Thomas Ld. Audley, in 
 whofe family it has continued ever 
 fmce. 
 
 AB BERT ON, (Wore.) near P.ir- 
 fhore, is noted for a bitter purging 
 mineral water. 
 
 ABBINGTON, (Nortbawp.) near 
 the T. of that name, is a manor of 
 which the Barnard family of Hun- 
 tingdon was poflefled above 200 
 years ; and now the feat of John 
 Harvey-Thurlby, Efqj who has late- 
 ly erctled paper-mills in Northamp- 
 ton. 
 
 ABBOTS, or Apiwoon-CAS- 
 T i. E, (Staff.) is an old fort in the p. 
 ofScifJon, on the b. of Shropshire, 
 7 m. from Wolverhampton, and on 
 the N. fide of the road from Shrews- 
 bury to London. 
 
 ABBOTS-BECKINGT ON, ( De- 
 von.) on the r. To\\ ridge, before it 
 loins the Ock, was once a cell to 
 Hartland-abby. 
 
 j> AP.BOTSBURY, (Dorfet.)on 
 t.he court, 7 m, from Weymouth, 
 10 from DortheftOj and 133 from 
 London 3 fo called from its ancient 
 
 A B 
 
 abby, which had 10 monks. TKe 
 Strangcways, now Homers, have a 
 noble fwannery here, in which there 
 are not lefs than 7000 fwans. Here 
 is a fair, June 29. The Mt. is Tb. 
 
 ABBOTSBUR v, (Hartf.) in the p. 
 of Barley, near Barkway, is a manor 
 which at the Ref, was given to Sir 
 Ralph Rowlet, from whole family it 
 came to Sir Tho. Bydc. 
 
 ABBOTSTON, or ABSTON , 
 (Ghuc.) a manor near Kingfwood, 
 which bel. anciently to GJaftonbury- 
 abby, but was purchafed by K. Hen. 
 VIII. and given to Mr. John Win- 
 ter, the grandfather 'of Sir John ; 
 from whom it patted afterwards to 
 Mr. Haynes, who had a handfome 
 feat here. 'Tis alfo called WY KK, 
 from a winding brook that runs by 
 it ; and here is a ch. f. for all the 
 poor children of this place and Neigl:. 
 bourhood. 
 
 ABBY.MANOR, (Berks) 3 m. 
 from Wantage, was given to the 
 Mon. of Reading by the Emprefs 
 Maud, but was lately in the poll'el- 
 fion of Charles Eyfton, Efq; 
 
 {^ As ER FOR TH,or ABUR FORD, 
 (T'ortt. W.R.) zio m. from London, 
 noted for the Mf. of Fins,hafaMt.on 
 T'u. fairs Ap. 21, and Sepr. 19. The 
 T. ftands on the great Rcman-cau- 
 fey, which, all the way to Catfleford- 
 bridge, appears as entire as when firft 
 made, tho' 'tis near 1600 years ojd. 
 B Under
 
 A B 
 
 Under the T. runs the r. Cock, and 
 near it may be feen the foundation of 
 an old fort, called Caftle-cary. Here 
 was formerly a priory. 
 
 {^> ABERGAVENNY, (Monm.] 
 12 cm. 15 mm. from Monmouth, 
 and no cm. from London ; is a large, 
 populous, flourifhing T. governed by 
 a bailiff^ recorder, and zj bnrgerTes. 
 'Tis walled, and had once a caftle, 
 as alfo a priory and a chantry. It 
 flands at the mouth of the r. Gaven- 
 nyjrunning into theUlk,over which it 
 has a fine (tone bridge of 1 5 arches. 
 It carries on a confiderable trade in 
 flannels, which the makers in the 
 country bring hither to fell. 'Tis 
 well furnifhed with accommodation 
 for travellers, and a great thorough- 
 fare from the W. parts of Wales to 
 Briftol and Bath,by Chepftow, and to 
 Gloccfterby Monmouth,crorTingther. 
 thro' Colford, and the foreft of Dean. 
 It; fairs are on May 3, Trinity Ta. 
 ^:id Scft.iq. Mt. on Ta. It gives ti- 
 : of Baron to the Ncvil family, the 
 iirit Barons of England. Coals are 
 io cheap in this country, that a horfe- 
 Joad may be had at the pit for 2 d. 
 
 ABERI.Y, ABVRLEY, or AB- 
 *OTESLY, (fforc.} 5 m. from 
 Bewdly, and io from Droitwich, 
 i'tands near the Severn, from whence 
 runs a ridge of hills to that called the 
 ITeme-, on the top whereof ftands 
 Aberley-lodge, a feat of one of the 
 branches of the Walfhe's family, de- 
 kended from Sir Hen. le Walih,Kt. 
 -in the reign of Hen. III. 
 
 ^ A B I N G D o N, [Berks] the 
 /hire T. 46 cm. and 55 mm. from 
 London, has its name from its anci- 
 ent abby, (where in 1084, Will, the 
 Conq. kept his Eafter) gives title of 
 'I. to the Bertie family, and is go- 
 verned by a mayor, 2 bailiffs, and 9 
 aldermen, purfuant to a charter of Q. 
 Mary. It has 2 ch. an hof. for 6 
 poor men and as many women ; a 
 i. (. and a ch. f. Its chief mf. is 
 M;:lt, whereof great quantities are 
 l'.::t by water to London, which is 
 i 50 m. Its Fairs are the firft M. 
 
 A C 
 
 in Lent, Apr. 25, y UHli 9) y u /y Z5) 
 &e;r. 2, M. before Micbafhr.js, and 
 Nt,-v. 30. Mts.M. and F. The feveral 
 ftreets centre in a fpacious arts, m 
 which ftands its mt. houfe,ot' rr.oi; cu- 
 rious aflilerwork,not inferior to any in 
 England ; being buiit on lofty pillars, 
 with a large hall above it, where they 
 'hold the affixes for the co. and tranf- 
 aft all the bufmefs of the corp. 
 
 ABINGER, (Xuny) nearDarking. 
 Its ch. has a fine ring of bells, fa- 
 voured not a little by the eccho of 
 the neighbouring hills. Here is faid 
 to be the tomb of Ld. Audley, who 
 was beheadt-d in the R. of Hen. VII. 
 
 AB ING WORTH, (Surry) near 
 Godalming, and Stoke, has a Fair on 
 St. James" s-D ay for cattle on the T. 
 manor, of which the Evelyn's fami- 
 ly are Lds. ^ 
 
 ABi.ons-CouRT, near Gloucef- 
 ter, on the Severn, was formerly one 
 of the manfions of the abbots of 
 Cioucefter, which came after the 
 Ref. to the family of the Guifes, and 
 was lately fold by general Guife to 
 Sam. Cockerel, Efqj 
 
 ABS COURT, (Snn-j) in the p. of 
 Walton upon Thames. The Ld. of 
 this manor, which is likewife called 
 APS ,ufed formerly upon All-fouls day, 
 to give a barrel of' beer, and a quarter 
 of corn baked into loaves, to as many 
 poor as came. This charity was be- 
 gun in the days of Popery, 'in order, 
 as 'tis fuppofed, to encourage the 
 prayers for deliverance of fouls out of 
 purgatory. 
 
 ABTON, (Salop] near Wenlock, 
 is a manor which bel. heretofore to 
 the Lovels, and Burnels, and came af- 
 terwards to the Norfolk family. 
 
 ABURY, or AUBERY, (Witt) 
 near Marlboro ff- downs, noted for the 
 ftupcndous remains of a Druids tem- 
 ple, defcribed by Dr. Stukely, being a 
 collection of huge rtones, like ftone- 
 henge on Salifbury-plain. A new 
 road is lately ftruck out this way 
 from London to Bath. 
 
 Ac K WORTH, ACK WORTH - 
 HALEE, ACKWORTH-LOWZR, and 
 
 ACK-
 
 A C 
 
 A D 
 
 AcKwoRTH-MORE,are fourLps.in 
 the W. R. ot Yorkshire, near Ponte- 
 fraft, which formerly bel. to the Ds. 
 of Lancafler. 
 
 ACONBURV, (Hcref.) 3 m. from 
 the city, had formerly a nunnery, and 
 was the ancient (eat of the Chandos 
 family. 
 
 Ac R Y s E , or AWKRIDGE, (ATc'wf ) 
 a manor near Eltlxam, which came 
 to Sir Rob. Lewkner, by marriage 
 with a daughter of Alex. Hamcn, 
 i-fq; 
 
 ACTON, (Kent) in the p. of Cha- 
 rine, was the Teat of the Branfort fa- 
 mily, till the R. of Hen. VII. when 
 it became the eftate of Rob. Arnold, 
 whofe fon fold it to Sir Anth. Send.es, 
 from whom it pafled to Mr. Hutch- 
 ins, and from him to Mr. Godden. 
 
 ACTON (Sufi'.) in the road from 
 Sudbury to Lenham. The manor- 
 houfe, called Aclon-place, was built 
 by Rob. Jenners, E% who purchas'd 
 the manor of Mr. Daniel, whofe fa- 
 mily had redded in it feveral hundred 
 years. 
 
 Ac TON-BEAU c HA MP,nearWor- 
 cefter-city, was the Lp. of Walter 
 <k Beauchamp, a great Baron of his 
 time, who 'tis faid, took it from the 
 monks of that city by violence. 
 
 AcTON-BuRNEL, (Salof.) 3 m. 
 from Great -wenlock, is a Lp. bel. 
 to the Bumels, an honourable family 
 in this Co. and as aocient as Will, 
 the Conq. one of whom obtained a 
 charter from Hen. III. for a Mt. 
 and two Fairs a year, of which here 
 is only on;; kept on d/cd-Fr. but 
 here is no Mt. A Pr. was held here 
 in the R. of Edw. I. wherein a fta- 
 tute, called theStatiite-merchanr,was 
 made for the Airurance of Debts, 
 when the Lds. fate in the caftle 
 (which ftill remains) and the Com. 
 in a barn, the property of the monks 
 of St. Peter and St. Paul, at Shrews- 
 bury, which is yet ftanding allb ; and 
 lately, if it does not ftill, bel. to Fra. 
 Prince, Efq; Sir Rich. Smith, Bt. 
 Las a leat here. 
 
 ACTON-EAST, (Mid,} 6 m. 
 
 from London, is of note for the wells 
 near it on old oaTc-common, which 
 are much frequented in May, June, 
 and July, for their purging waters, 
 and for a village in the way to W, 
 Afton (which is but half a m. from 
 this Eaft-adon) called Friars-place, 
 fuppofed to have been formerly a. 
 Mon. and at a farm-houfe in it, there 
 is an orchardy which, in old writ- 
 ings, is called the Devil's Orchard. 
 
 ACTON-WEST, 7 m. from Lon- 
 don, lies in Oxford-road. 
 
 ACTON-GRANGE, (Cbefter] near 
 the r. Merfey, had a dairy formerly 
 bel. to the neighbouring abbey of 
 Norton. 
 
 AcroN-PiGOT, (Salop] near 
 Montgomeryshire. This manor was 
 fuft the eftate of Ld. Burnel, then of 
 Ld. Love], as defcended from a 
 daughter of Alice Burnel 5 and after- 
 wards it came by marriage to Sir 
 Bryan Stapleton, and Sir Edw. 
 Norris. 
 
 ADBASTON, (Staff.) near Eccle- 
 flial, is a manor that was formerly- 
 held of the K. by the Bp. of titch- 
 field, but is now the feat of the Sro- 
 docks, who were originally of Ch<s- 
 fhn-e. 
 
 ADDERBORY, (Oxf.} 3 m. from 
 Banbury. One of its vicars (Mr. 
 Rawlins) gave 20 marks a year to a 
 grammar-fchool in it, and charged 
 the payment of it upon an eftate in 
 Lincoln/hire, of which he made the 
 warden and fellows of New-college 
 truftees. The late D. of Argyle had 
 a feat here, which is now the Earl 
 of Dalkeitli's, who married his eld- 
 deft daughter. 
 
 ADDING TON, (Surry) 3 m. from 
 Croydon, and near Ewel, has a Ch. 
 an irregular building, which feems to 
 be above 300 years old, yet is ftiil 
 Very firm. This village lies at the 
 defcent of a high fpacious common, to 
 which it gives nsme. The Ld. of 
 this manor, in the R. of Hen. III. 
 held it by this fervice, <vi%. to make 
 his Majefty a mefs of pottage in an 
 earthen pot in the K.'s. kitchen at 
 B 2. his
 
 A D 
 
 TO 
 
 A K 
 
 his coronation, called Dilligrout ; 
 and if there were butter or fat in it, 
 'twas then called Maupigyrnum. 
 And fo late as the coronation' of Ch. 
 II. it appeared that Tho. Leigh, Efq; 
 then L;'.. of the manor, made a meis 
 ot Dilligrcur, according to his te- 
 nure, and brought it to the K. at his 
 table, as he was ordered by the 
 court of claims $ and 'the K. accept- 
 ed of his fervice, though he did not 
 l*fir. it. 
 
 ADDING TON, Magr.a & Parva, 
 ^\'c'-:bamp.) are two diftinct ps. not 
 tar from Higham Ferrers, which 
 wore the demefne of the Veres, 
 Earls of Oxford. Here v.as formerly 
 formerly a chantry. 
 
 ADDLE, (York. W. R.) not far 
 
 from Leeds, is noted for a moor adja- 
 
 ;-, on which, an. 1702, were 
 
 red the foot-fteps of a roman 
 
 T. many fragments of their urns, and 
 
 of a large ftone-aqueduft 5 and at a 
 
 little dtfbnce from thence is a roman 
 
 camp, pretty entire, with the ruins 
 
 of their fepukhral monuments. 
 
 ADDLESTHORP, (Ghcefler- 
 Jbire,} near Stow on the Would, and 
 the b. of Oxfordfhire, is a Ch. 
 to Broadwell, and tie feat of Mr. 
 Leigh. 
 
 AD LING TON, (Cbejh.) a town- 
 fliip bel, to Preftbury, the chief feat 
 of the family of Leighs, who have a 
 good eftate in this County. 
 
 ADSCOMB, (Surry,) near Croydon, 
 the feat of William Draper, Efqj the 
 paintings and furniture whereof are 
 very grand. 
 
 ADWKL, near Oxford, where are 
 the veftiges of an ancient fortification, 
 called Adwel-cop, luppofed, by Dr. 
 Plot, to have been made by the Da- 
 nilh invaders in ioio,whcn they paif- 
 ed this way thro' the Chiltern-hills, 
 and burnt Oxford, 
 
 Anwic, on Stratton, or on the 
 Street, in the W. R. of York, not 
 far from Doncafter, is chiefly memo- 
 rable for the benefaction of Mrs. 
 A-ne Savil, daughter or John Savil 
 9t Medley, Efq; a pious vkgin, who, 
 
 after reading Sir H. Spelman's tract, 
 de non temerar.dh Ecclejiis, purchafed 
 the reftory of this Ch. and fettled it 
 in the hands of trurtees, for the ul'e 
 of the Ch. for ever. 
 
 Ac FORD, (.Saw.) i m. W. from 
 Frome, noted for the refidence of that 
 ornament of her county, the ingeni- 
 ous Mrs. Eliz. Singer (afterwards 
 Mrs. Rowe) who, tho' born at II- 
 chefter, fpent the prime of her days 
 at this village, with her father, and 
 here compofed many, if not moft of 
 thole pieces, both in profe and verfe, 
 which endeared her to all her cotem- 
 poraries of a fublime genius, and 
 have rendered her memory immor. 
 tal. 
 
 AlLESWETHORP, Or El-WES- 
 
 THORP, commonly call'd GAYTON- 
 THOR P ( N'jrf. ) near Lynn-Regis. 
 K. Hen. VIII. gave this manor to 
 Sir John Gates, Kt. 
 
 AKEHAM, with its grange, near 
 York, is a manor which formerly 
 bel. to the Ld. Grey of Rothei field, 
 in Oxford/hire, but pafied afterwards, 
 by marriage, to the family of Sir 
 John Deincourt. 
 
 AKELINTON, (N'jrtbumb.} is a 
 manor between the coaft and Mor- 
 peth, on the S. fide of the r. Co- 
 quet, which anciently bel. to the 
 Piercies, Es. of Northumberland. 
 
 ^ ST. ALBANS, (Hartford. ) 
 21 mm. from London ; owes its 
 name to Alban, the firft martyr of 
 Gr. Britain, who fuffered in the per- 
 fecution under Dioclefian. He was 
 canonized by the Romi/h Ch. and 
 buried on a hill in the neighbourhood 
 of this T. where a mon. wa? erected, 
 and dedicated to hijn by K. Ofta. A 
 fynod was held here an. 429, againft 
 the Pelagian herefy ; and two Bps. 
 fent for from France, preached a- 
 gainft it in a chapel here, which is 
 lince converted into a barn. K. Ed\v. 
 I. ercfted a ftately crol's in this T. 
 in memory of Q._ Eleanor. K. Edw. 
 VI. gave this bor. a charter, incor- 
 porating it by the name of a mayor, 
 und ten burgefles, with a ileward and 
 cham.
 
 A L 
 
 chamberlain, and appointing the may- 
 or and burgeffes to hold a court of re- 
 cord before the Steward every W. and 
 that the mayor and Steward Should be 
 the only jufticeo of peace here. Its ju- 
 lifdidion extends to Rickmanfworth, 
 Watford, Barnet, Langley-Abbots, 
 Elftree, BuShy, &c. whofe gaol is at 
 St. Albans, where is a gaol-delivery 
 four times a year, vim. on the firSl 
 Th. after the quarter-fefl'. at Hart- 
 ford. There are four wards here, in 
 each of which are a conftable, and 
 two church-wardens. Here are three 
 chs. befides that called St. Alban's. 
 St. Andrew's, the ancient p. ch. 
 being demolished, the corp. bought 
 the cathedral that bel. to the mon. 
 of K. Edw. VI. for 400 /. and hav- 
 ing made it their p. ch. called it St. 
 Alban's. There are many curious 
 medals and coins to be feen in this 
 ch. that have been dug out of the 
 ruins of Old-Verulam, that Stood on 
 the other fide of the r. Ver, or 
 Moore, S. W. of the T. In this 
 Ch. alfo are the funeral monuments 
 and effigies of K. Offa, its founder, 
 on his throne, St. Alban the martyr, 
 and Humphry (brother to K. Hen. 
 V.) commonly called the Good Duke 
 of Gloucester. In digging a grave, 
 bet. 30 and 40 years ago, the Stairs 
 were difcovered that lead down to 
 the vault where his leaden coffin was 
 found, with the body proferved en- 
 tire, by the pickle it lay in, except 
 the legs, from which the fleSh is 
 wafted, the pickle at that end, 
 being dried up. This Town lias 
 given the title. ofVif. E. and D. 
 ^o feveral of our Nobility ; but laft, 
 to the family of Beauclercs, the firft 
 D. whereof was fo created by K. Ch. 
 II. Here are two ch. f. one for boy?, 
 the other for girls. Some alms-hcufes 
 were alSo built at the entrance of the 
 T. by the late John D. of Maribo- 
 rough, who alfo creeled a feat here, 
 called Holloway-houfe, on the r. a- 
 bove-mcntioned, which runs through 
 the gardens. There is a fort near 
 this T. which is, by the common 
 
 A L 
 
 people, called the Oyfter-hills, and 
 is fuppofed to have been the camp of 
 Oftonus, the Roman propraetor. It is 
 one of the beSt Mts. for wheat in Eng- 
 land. Its Fairs are Mar. 25, JuneiZ, 
 Jluguft 15, and Sept. 29. Mt. on 6'. 
 
 ALBR~iGHTON,near Staffordshire, 
 is a manor which has long been in 
 poffeffion of the Talbots ; and in 
 1733, the E. of Shrewfbury was here 
 interred. 
 
 ALBURY, or ALDERBURY, 
 (Stirry) near Box-hill, and 4 m. from 
 Guilford, is a fine feat of the Es. of 
 Aylesford, purchafed from the Nor- 
 folk family, whofe ancestor Thomas, 
 E. of Arundel, the famous antiqua- 
 rian, built it. The r. Wye runs thro* 
 it, and 'tis adorned with fine gardens, 
 a vineyard, a park, and variety of 
 fi(h-ponds. But that for which it is 
 moft admired is, the Hypogaeum, or 
 fine grotto, being a paflage dug quite 
 thro' the bottom of a hill, for a fur- 
 long or more, leading into a pleafant 
 valley. 
 
 ALCHESTER, (Oxf.) a little to 
 the S. W. of Bicefter. As the name 
 fignifies an old caftle, the bounds, of 
 a quadrangular compafs, are ftill to 
 be feen here, though the area, or 
 fite of it has been, for a long time, 
 part of the common field of Wendle- 
 bury, and it Stands upon the Roman 
 confular way, called Akeman-ftreet. 
 
 %. ALDBOROUGH, ( S:t/o!k, ) 
 3 m. from Orford, and 76 cm. and 
 88 mm. from London, has a good 
 harbour, defended by canon, and is 
 plcafandy fituate in the valley of 
 Siaughden, having the fea on the E. 
 and the r. Aid on the S. W. There 
 arc convenient ware-houfes and fifli- 
 houfes on the key, for drying their 
 fiSh, efpecially fprats, foals, and lob- 
 iters, which, with the corn they tranf- 
 port, and the coals they trade for to 
 Newcastle, is the fole employment of 
 their Shipping. 'Tis governed by two 
 bailiffs, chofe out of 12 capital burgef- 
 fes,andby twenty-four inferior officers. 
 It has two ftreets, each near one m, 
 lor.f, but 'tis not near fo broad, the 
 B 3 fe
 
 A L A L 
 
 fea having lately (wallowed up one At DERMASSTOX, (Berks'] *. ir, 
 
 of the ftreets. Its Fairs are on the from Akhejtsr, on the b. of H.^nr. 
 
 firft Tu. in Lent, on the 26th of dp. and S from Reading, is a neat vi'i- 
 
 Aug^^, and Sept.^, Mts. ^. and S. lage on an eminence that overlooks 
 
 ^ ALDBOROUGH, or OLDBO- ther.Ker.net. The manor, which 
 
 SOUGH, (York, W. R.) 3 m. from was not long ago Sir Hump. For- 
 
 Rippon,and 168 from London. The tier's, has b:;en divided fince bet. Ld. 
 
 r. Ure nins by it to Boroughbridgc. Sta\vel and Sir Smith ; but the 
 
 Sundry coins, and other monuments advowfon of the ch. belongs to 
 
 of the Saxons and Romans have been Queen's-college, Oxford, which had 
 
 difcovered here ; for it was an anci- formerly a good eftate here, 
 
 ent Roman city and colony, called ALDERNEY - ISLAND, on the 
 
 Jfurium Brigantium. Here was alfo coaft of Normandy, which, in the 
 
 formerly a chantry. Tower-records is A'UR NY, and gives 
 
 ALDENHAM, (//jr//.) 2 m. from title of baron to the D. of Cumber- 
 Watford and 5 from St. Albans,has 2 land, was by Q._Eliz. annexed to the 
 ch. f. well endowed, for 60 boys, 30!. fee of Winchefter. 'Tis hardly a 
 
 :r being fettled on the mailer, leagues from Cape la Hogue, but 
 
 the neareft part of 
 The D. of Newcaftle has a England, and 8 m. in compafs. The 
 
 20 1. a year on the ufhers for about 30 from 
 
 air is healthy, and the foil pretty 
 
 ALPENHAM, or AWDENHAM, rich, their manure being lea-weed 
 
 . ; near Bridgnorth, a noble feat called Vraic ; but by means of a cuf- 
 
 i the Actons, whofc family kept torn they have among them of part- 
 
 xi p their ilation and eftate for many ing their lands into Irnall parcels by 
 
 .U -.. one of whom was fheriffin the gavel-kind, the people are poor. 
 
 R. of Edv. I. and another was ere- On the S. fide of it is a harbour call'd 
 
 afted a Bt. in the R. of Ch. I. Crabb's, which admits only fmall 
 
 A' DKK BUS Y, (W/'/rj) 2 m. from veilels. The T. called Alderney, 
 
 Salisbury, on a healthy hill, in a in the middle of the ifland, ccnliits 
 
 good fporting country and near the at leaft of 200 homes, and 1000 in- 
 
 Avon. As it gives name to a H. it habitants. On the E. fide of it there 
 
 was probably more confiderable here- is an ancient fort, and a dwellinz- 
 
 tofore than it is now. hoxife belonging to it, . built at the 
 
 ALDEKMY. (G/o!fC.) near Wot- charge of the Chamberlains, to one 
 
 ton-Undertdge, is a p. 5 m. in com- of whole anceftors Q._ Elis:. granted 
 
 piJ.-j and lies on the fide of a hill the fee-farm rents of this ifiand,bc- 
 
 btt. 2 rivulets, which join and fall caufe he recovered it from the 
 
 into the Avon. The manor was French. The (height bet. this 
 
 bought by Mr. Hale (a Defendant ifland and France, term'd the Race 
 
 of ir Mat. Ld. Ch. Juft.) who was of Alderney, is very dangerous in 
 
 b<m-jc! in it? church-yard, An. 1676. ftormy weather, by realbn of a ledf e 
 
 I'i t;;e fame place are feveral tombs cf .ot'rocics that runs from her.ce to the 
 
 rue family of 'the Crews (dclcended cf W. called the Cafkets ; which hav- 
 
 tlie Chelhire Crews) who fettled in ing feveral eddies, are much dreaded 
 
 :ii'. pluce jibove 300 years ago. On by mariners. The ions ofK. Hen. 
 
 : the HiiJs here, are found I. were caft away and drowned 
 
 prat numbers of cockle and oyfter- here pafling to Normandy; and 'tis 
 
 JheHs, or r.:ther ferpentine-ftones and frefh in memory, how fatal this 
 
 fcollops, which fome think are the ftreight prov'd to the Victory man of 
 
 1'port of nature, and others that they war, commanded k y admiral Bal- 
 
 are realiy the fhells of fifti thrown up chen, 
 h :re 'r^- the lea in the univerfal deluge. 
 
 At-
 
 A L 
 
 A L 
 
 ALDERTON, (Ghucifttrjfj.) near 
 Tewkefbury, is a p. 5 m. in com- 
 pafs, Will. 'Higford, Efq; Ld. of the 
 manor ; one of whole anceltors has 
 given 6 1. a year to keep its ch. in 
 repair. Near the W. end of a Wood 
 in this p. a great quantity of earth, 
 parted from the top of a hill there 
 about 70 years ago, and flipp'd away 
 into the neighbouring county of 
 Worcefter, and 'tis therefore at this 
 day called the Slip. 
 
 ALDERTON, or ALDRINGTON, 
 (Wilts.) on the b. of Glocefterftiire, 
 near Chippenham, was formerly the 
 feat of the Gore's family,who refided 
 here near 300 years. 
 
 5^ ALDER WAS, or At. RE WAS, 
 (Staford.) bet. Litchfield and 
 Burton on Trent. In the R. of 
 Edw. I. Rob. de Somerville obtained 
 a grant of its Mt. on Tu. and a Fair 
 on July 19, 2.0, and 21. 
 
 ALDINGTON, (Kent) near Lim- 
 me, is the place where the officers 
 belonging to Romncy-Marfh, and its 
 manor?, are yearly elected. The 
 A. Bs. of Canterbury had a feat here 
 once, and a deer - park j but K. 
 Hen. VIII. obliged A. B. Cranmer 
 to grant it to him ; and K. Cha. I. 
 gave the manor-houfe and farm-lnnds 
 thereto belonging, to be held of his 
 manor of Eaft- Greenwich in free- 
 foccage. Since St. Leonard's-church 
 at Hurft fell to ruin, the Inh. 
 come to this ch. at Aldington, 
 which, in the time of Hen. VIII. had 
 two parfuns bel. to it of a very 
 different character, viz. the learned 
 Erafmus of Rotterdam, and the in- 
 famous Richd. Matter, who adher'd 
 to the importer of this p. Eliz. 
 Barton, called the Holy-Maid of 
 Kent, and who, with others in her 
 confpiracy, was executed at Tyburn. 
 
 ALDRIDGE, (Staff.) sear Wal- 
 ful. In this p. is a noted pool, 
 called Druidmecr, which overflows, 
 as is pretended, on the approach of 
 a dearth of corn j but at other times 
 is generally dry. 
 
 Ai. DR I N G T o N, (Nirtbamf.) near 
 
 Prefton, had formerly a Mt. and 
 Fairs, by grant from K. Edw. 1. but 
 has had neither for many years part. 
 
 ALDRINGTON, (Su/tx) near 
 Lewes, was a pretty confiJerable vil- 
 lage formerly, but is now almoft 
 overflowed by the ocean. 
 
 ALDWARK, ( Tork. W, R.) near 
 Doncafter and Rotheram, is in the 
 p. of Ecklesficld, though 'tis 4 m. 
 from it, and quite feparated by other 
 intervening ps. Fran. Foljambe, 
 Efq; Ld. of the manor, built a 
 handfome houfe here, fronted with 
 Roch-Abbey ilone, which has fine 
 gaidens dell-ending to the r. Dun. 
 
 Ai. DW ARK, near York, was a feat 
 of Sir Tho. Fitzwilliams, though 
 the Lp. was then, and long be- 
 fore, in the family of the Meinils, as 
 it was afterwards the eftate of Ld. 
 Darcy. 
 
 ALD WORTH, (Berks.) bet. New- 
 bury and Wallingford, formerly bel, 
 to the family of Beche, who. had 
 a caftle here ; and the tombs of cer- 
 tain Kts. of the family are ftill 
 remaining here, with gi^antick fta- 
 tues over them. And here is a 
 Farm, which is to this day called 
 Beche-Farm. The heir general of 
 the family marrk-d into that of the 
 Whitlocks. 
 
 # ALESB UR v, the beft T. 
 in Bucks, 34 cm. and 44 mm. 
 from London. In Will, the Conq. 
 time it was a royal manor, feveral 
 parts of which that K. gave to his 
 favourites, to hold of him by this 
 odd tenure, viz. That they mould 
 find litter or ftraw for the K's. 
 bed and chambers, and provide 
 him three eels in winter, and three 
 green-geefe in fummer, befides herbs 
 for his chamber ; and this they were 
 to do thrice a year, if the K. 
 came hither fo often : and for this 
 fcrvice they had three yard lands 
 given them. The manor belongs 
 now to the family of the Packing- 
 tons. The T. confifts of feveral 
 ftreets, lying round about the Mt. 
 place, which has a town-houfe in 
 the
 
 A L 
 
 A L 
 
 the middle, where are held the 
 county-afiizes for the fummer, that 
 was built in the time of Hen.VIII. by 
 Sir John Baldwin, Kt. Ld. Ch. Ju- 
 ilice of the Common-pleas, the gfeat- 
 eft benefaftor the T. ever had ; for 
 many publick edifices, and thecaufey 
 leading towards London, for three 
 miles, were creeled at his coft, which, 
 with his fixing the gaol (which is un- 
 der the town-houfe) and cauling the 
 county-court and buiinefs to be held 
 and tranfadled here, very much im- 
 proved the building and trade of the 
 T. it having had nothing memora- 
 ble, except an hof. of St. John, and 
 St. Leon, and the mon. ofthe Grey- 
 Friars, founded by the Butlers, Es. 
 of Ormond, which, at the ref. be- 
 came the feat ofthe faid Judge Bald- 
 win, as it did afterwards of the Pack- 
 ingtons, till it was ruined in the ci- 
 vil wars. By a charter of Q._Mary, 
 in Jan. 1553-4, this, which was on- 
 ly a village, was made a ccrp. con- 
 fifting of a bailiff and ten aid. (out 
 of which ten the bailiff was to be 
 chofe) and twelve capital burgeffes, 
 to be chofe by the faid aid. out of 
 the inh. of the bor. who, in Sept. i, 
 were to nominate one of the faid aid. 
 to be bailiff" for one year, from Mi- 
 chaelmas-day following. She alfo 
 granted them a power to chufe two 
 members of pt. together with a Mt. 
 and two Fairs, vix. March 24, 25, 
 and 26, and May 2, 3, and 4, and 
 that the T. fliould be a corp. within 
 hfelf. The Mt. on S. is ftored 
 with all forts of provificns, better and 
 cheaper than any fo near London. 
 The principal Fairs here now are on 
 March 20, Palm-M. and June 3, 
 Whit. E-ve, and Holyrood-day ; and 
 their chief officer is a conftable, put 
 in by the Ld. of the manor, or elfe 
 chofe by the inh. and by him con- 
 firmed. This T. has given title of 
 "E, to the Braces, ever fmce 1664, 
 when K. Ch. II. beftowed it on Rob. 
 Bruce, E. of Elgin, in Scotland. 
 
 ALESBURY-VALE , at the .W. 
 end of the T, extends for npny 'm.3. 
 
 almoft from the edge of Oxford/hire 
 to Leighton in Bedfordshire, and is 
 reckoned the richeft land in England, 
 being fo famous for fattening cattle 
 and fiieep, that all the neighbouring 
 gentlemen are graziers 5 and one in- 
 clofed field of pafture is known to 
 have been let to a grazkr, for 1400 /. 
 a year. 
 
 ^> ALESHAM, (Nerf.} 97 cm. 
 119 mm. from London, is a popu- 
 lous, but poor T. coniifting chiefly of 
 knitters of Stockings. 'Tis about a 
 quarter of a m. in length,ar.d not much 
 broader. A court is kept here for the 
 Duchy of Lancafter, the manor having 
 been granted,by E. III. to J. of Gaunt, 
 D. of Lancafter. Its Mt. is 5. Fair 
 is Mar. 12. The r. Thyrnruns by it. 
 
 ALRSWORTH, (Not ting.) near 
 Mansfield, bel. formerly, one part of 
 it to the priory of Burton in Stafford - 
 /hire, and the other part was, after 
 the conqueft, the fee of Will. Pe- 
 verel. The priory of Lenton had 
 alfo 12 d. a year out of the mill of 
 this place, and a mark out of feme 
 other lands, which were held by Ro- 
 bert de Alefworth, and his pofterity. 
 In the R. of Hen. VI. Rich. Baker 
 came into the pofleflion of their part, 
 and his family flouri/hed here for fe- 
 veral defcents. Not many years ago, 
 this town/hip was divided bet. the 
 Willoughbies of Rifley, and Afcougb.3 
 of Nuthal, defcendeii' from Sir Hen. 
 Willoughby, and Sir Roger Afcough. 
 
 QZjr' ALFORD, (L/<r.) 5111. from 
 the Sea, and 107 from London. K. 
 Hen. VI. granted it the Mt. on Tu. 
 and 2 Fairs yearly, viz. Whit. Tu. 
 and W. and Off. 27, 28, 29. 
 
 ALFORD, (Sow.) 5m. from Bru- 
 ton, lies on the banks of the r. Bruis, 
 and is noted for a good purging mi- 
 neral water, which is carried to place?, 
 even at a good diftaoce, in the W. of 
 England. 
 
 (f^ AL FRET ON, <Dtrty.) 6m. 
 from Chefterfield, and 135 from Lon- 
 don. The etymologifts will have it 
 to be Alfred's T. and that it was 
 founded by K, Alfred, "Tis noted for 
 nappy
 
 A L 
 
 A L 
 
 nappy ale. The manor bcl. to the 
 Frefcheville family, which has long 
 flourished in this Co. About 2. or 3 
 m. from hence, begin thofe moors, 
 which extend a great way into the 
 Co. and are very dangerous to tra- 
 vellers, by reafon of rocks and bogs. 
 Here is a Fair, July 20. Mt. on M. 
 
 A i. KHAM, (Kent) near Dover. 
 There's an eyleborn in this p. which, 
 though no head nor fpring appears, 
 fends out water enough, they fay, 
 fomctimes, to carry a pretty large vef- 
 fcl : which, when ever it does, the 
 inh. think it portends death or a 
 dearth. 
 
 ALKMONDBURY, (Hunt.} near 
 
 Lcighton-ftone, is a T. which the E. 
 
 of Chefter bcftowed on Sir Steph. 
 
 Segrave, a prieft, who, after great 
 
 -ains, rais'd himfelf to be Ld. Ch. 
 
 uftice, and manager of all affairs ; 
 
 ut on a fudden loft the K's favour, 
 
 with his honour and wealth, and 
 
 ended his days in a cloifter. 
 
 A i. L CHURCH, (Ware.') 5 m. from 
 Bromfgrove, in the road to Leicefter, 
 has a ch. f. for 20 children, and a 
 Fair on St. Laurences day. 
 
 ALLERTON. (Nstt.) near Sher- 
 wood -Foreft, is a hamlet, in the p. 
 of Edinftow, where was the manor 
 and feat of the family of Markhams ; 
 one of whom was Tho. ftandard- 
 bearet to Q._Eliz's. band of penfion- 
 crs, and his grandfon of the fame 
 name loft his life in 1643, in the 
 fight againft the Pt. forces, at Gainf- 
 borough. 
 
 Al.LERTON-CHAPEL (Yorkjh.} 
 
 u hamlet bel. to Leeds, in a pure air, 
 and on a pleafant afcent, which gives 
 a profpeft 12 m. round. It derives 
 its name from the many alders in its 
 neighbourhood. Rob. Parker, Efq; 
 from whom defcended the late Ld. 
 Chancellor, who had an eftate here, 
 built and endowed an hof. here, for 10 
 widows, with 50 /. a year. Edw. 
 Ld. Clinton, was Ld. of this m.inor in 
 the R. of Q! Eliz. but fold it to Tho. 
 Hodgfon, tfqj. Here is a chape! of 
 eafe, to v, hii.h. the inh. purchafcd a 
 chiicl-urJ ir? 102. 
 
 2 m. from Leeds, of which it is 
 another hamlet. The family of 
 Thwaits, whole anceftors were lardi- 
 ners to the K, had an eftate here, 
 which patted to the Waddington's by 
 the female heir. 'Tis now the feat 
 of Sir Roger Bcckwith, Bart. . 
 
 ALL ERTON-GR ANGE, is another 
 hamlet of the fame, that bel. for- 
 merly to the abby of Kirkftal , but is 
 fince become the property of the Kil- 
 lingbecks. 
 
 ALI.ER TON-MOOR, another on 
 the confines of Leeds. Here are the 
 feats of the Marshals, whofe fftates^ 
 by the female heirs, palled to the 
 Fovvkes's and Hicks's, of which lalt 
 was Mnrmnd. who was 4 times mayor 
 of Leeds, and Dr. Geo. Hicks, the 
 nonjuring Dean of Worcefter. 
 
 ALL ERT ON-MAU L E VR ER, 
 (York.) near Knarefborough, the an- 
 cient feat of the famous family of the 
 Maulevrers,Kts. who, in old writings, 
 are called Mali Lefni arii ; becaufe, 
 as Dr. Fuller fays, they managed the 
 ilogs ill in hunting a hare. They 
 were fo ancient a family, that one of 
 them was /herift'in the R. of Hen. V. 
 and another Knt. of the Shire in that 
 of Edw. III. Rich. Arundel, Efqj 
 trcafurer of his Majefty's chamber, 
 has a feat here. 
 
 * ALLERTON- NORTH, 
 (York. N. R.) commonly called Al- 
 vcrtonfhire, is 176 cm. and 229 mm. 
 from London, and lies on the r. 
 Wiflce. Its only ftreet, which is about 
 half am. long, is well built. It has a 
 good Mt. on W. for cattle, corn, &c. 
 It has a Fair, Jan. 25. and another, 
 upon St. Bartl.-'jiomsw's day, a Beaft 
 Fair, the moft frequented of any in 
 England, and the moft noted for large; 
 fat oxen. Hittory fays, it has been 
 much obliged to the Bps. of Durham, 
 one of whom, -jix. Hugh de Pudley, 
 built an hof. here for the poor. In 
 113^, the Engli/h routed the Scots 
 near this place, in that called the 
 h.ittle or' the $tai:d.ird t becaufe of 
 die particular itandard the Erli/h 
 then
 
 A L 
 
 then fought under, which, as 'tis 
 painted in old books, was a huge cha- 
 jiot, bearing a tall maft with a crofs 
 on the top, and under that a banner. 
 'Tis obterved, that this, like the car- 
 rorium of the Italians, or the ori- 
 flamb of France, was deemed facred, 
 and never ufed, but when the Gt. lay 
 at ftake. The field of battle is to 
 this day, called Standard-Hill, and 
 jfome caverns in it, where, perhaps, 
 the Scots were buried, the Scots Pits. 
 In the i6th of Edw. II. this T. was 
 plunder' d by the Scots under K. Rob. 
 jiruce. 
 
 ALLHALLOWS, (Kent) 7 m. be- 
 low Gravefend. One of the beacons, 
 order' d by Q^Eliz. to be erctfced on 
 the coaft to be fired upon the ap- 
 proach of invaders, was fet up at this 
 place. 
 
 ALLINGTON, (Dorfet.) from 
 whence a bridge leads over the r. Bret 
 to Bridport, the Lp. of the Michels, 
 an ancient family, whereof many have 
 been members in Pt. for Bridport, and 
 St. Ives in Cornwal. 
 
 ALLINGTON-CASTLE, (Kent) 
 near the Medway, was, in the Saxons 
 time, called the" caftle of Medway. 
 'Tvvas formerly the manor of Sir Pet. 
 de Penchefter, Ld. warden of the 
 Cinque-Ports, to whom K. Edw. I. 
 granted a charter of free warren, a 
 Mt. on Tu. and a Fair, on the E<vn 
 Day, and Day after St. Laiurence. It 
 was afterward the eftate of Sir Tho. 
 Wyat (the father of the rebel) who 
 was born, and built a fair houfe here : 
 this Sir Tho. was a wit, and a great 
 favourite of Hen. VIII. whom, by a 
 jeft, he encouraged to go through with 
 his divorce, faying, ' 'Twas very 
 * ftrange that a man could not re- 
 ' pent, without the Pope's leave,6ff .' 
 
 ALLINGTON, (Wilti.} near De- 
 vizes, is a manor formerly bel. to the 
 family of Ld. Delawar. ' The Rev. 
 Mr. Nich. Fuller, ftiled the prince of 
 our Engiifli critics, was vicar here. 
 
 Al.LINGTON-EAST, (De-VOIl.) 
 
 near King/bridge, is the manor of 
 the Coffins 5 in \vhole family, 'tis ob- 
 
 A L 
 
 ferved, there was a fuccelnon of male 
 heirs for above 200 years, from the 
 R. of Hen. II. to that of Edw. II. 
 and divers of them Knts. by the name 
 of Richd. Weft-Allington lies juft 
 by it. 
 
 ALLISON, or A LUR I: D s o N, 
 (Glouc.) a hamlet of Lydney, whne 
 was a caftle in the R. of Will, the 
 Conq. to defend the marches from 
 the Welfli. Here lies Sully, or Soil- 
 \vel!-Houfe, the feat of Will. Jones, 
 Efq; who had a good eftate here. 
 
 ALMONDBURY, where was for- 
 merly a chantry, (TVi.W.R.) ftands 
 near Huthersfie.'d, in the road from 
 Barnfley to Halifax, was a famous T. 
 calleed Campodunum in the time of 
 the Romans, and w?s a royal feat of 
 the Saxon Kgs. Cnmden alfo calls 
 it a royal T. and fays it had a cathe- 
 dral dedicated to St. Alban, from 
 whom it was called Albanbury. It 
 had a caftle, which was confirmed to 
 Hen. Lacy by K. Steph. the ruins of 
 which, with its rampart, are yet to 
 be feen on a neighbouring hill. 
 
 ALMONDSBUY, (Glouc.) near 
 Berkley. Here is a ch. f. and the 
 minifter of the p. applies the facra- 
 ment offerings for teaching the chil- 
 dren. The manor place bel. to the 
 Bpk. of Briftol. 
 
 ALNE Magr.a & Parva, (War<w.) 
 are 2 villages, near Henley, fo called 
 from the r. on which they ftand. 
 The manor cf Alne Magna, which 
 bel. formerly to the mon. of Winch- 
 comb, was granted by Q^Eliz. to one 
 Mrs. Stone, and Grynford, to hold 
 of the crown in capite. Alne Parva 
 was originally the eftate of the Lds. 
 of Afton Cantelupe ; of which p. it 
 was a part. It bel. formerly to the 
 mon. of Stukely ; but after it came 
 to the crown, Q^Mary granted it to 
 Anth. Skinner, whofe pofterity held 
 it in the R. of Ch. II. Alne-Lodge 
 was the feat of Ld. Carrington. 
 
 53 s A i. NEW ic K, commonly cal- 
 led ANWICK (North.) 236cm. 
 and 310 mm. from London, is a good 
 thoroughfare n the r. Alne, in the 
 London
 
 A L 
 
 A L 
 
 London road to Berwick. It has been way happened, it feems, to ftick faft 
 particularly fatal to the K.'s. of Scot- in this hole, and therefore inflicted 
 land. In the R. of K. Will. Rufus this very punifliment on theT.for not 
 it was befieged by Male. III. K. of mending the road. Mt. on 5. 
 Scotland, and the caftle (where the ALNE Y -ISLAND, (Glouc.) near 
 affizes are fometimes held) then the the city of that name, is afmall ifland 
 ftrongeft in thefe parts, was on the in the Severn, of note for the fingle 
 point of furrendring, when a foldier combat fought there bet. Edm. Iron- 
 Itabbed him with a i'pear, pretending fide and Canute, the Dane, for the 
 to delrerhim the keyson the point of whole km. in fight of both their ar- 
 it 5 and his fon Edw. endeavouring to mies. 
 
 revenge his death, was here fiain,and A L K H A M, ( Nortbumb. ) lies 
 his ?.rmy routed. This T. is alfo 13 m. from Alnewick, in the road to 
 famous for a victory obtained by the Scotland, near the r, Alne, which 
 Englift over Will. K. of Scots, who runs into the Britifii fea, and from 
 \vas here taken, and carried prifoner, which it takes its name, though of 
 with his feet bound under the horfe's late it has been ufually called Yar- 
 bdly, to K. Hen. II. who detained well. This, which is a pretty large 
 him, 'till he gave fecurity to pay T. was formerly an appurtenance to 
 ,ioo,oco/. for theranfom ofhimfelf, Alnewick, and bel. to the Piercys, 
 and feme others. The Lp. formerly Es. of Northumberland, 
 bel. to the Tylbns, then to the Fitz- Q^ 3 ALRESFOKD, (Hampjkirc,) 
 fohns, and afterwards to the Vefeys, 47 tin. and 60 mm. from London, in 
 one of whom gave it to Ant. Beck, the road to V/inchefter, is an ancient 
 }>p. of Durham, to hold in tiiift for bor. on a little r. called Alre by Cam- 
 ;ial fon 'till he cr.me to age ; den, but Itching in the maps, and by 
 but the Bp. betrayed his laid truft, the country peopi*. 'Tis govern' d by 
 and 'old both fl'is caftle and honour to a bailiff", and 8 burgefies. Its Mt. on 
 Hen. Piercy, a great man in thole Ti\ is chiefly for fheep. Its Fairs are 
 j:.;rts, from whom the E's. of North - on Ho/v-T/fe.and June 24. On May. 
 umberland defcended, in whofe family day, 1610, this T. was burnt down 
 it remained 'till lately, if it does not by a fire, which broke out in feveral 
 itill : for though in the R. of K. places, almoft at the fame time, and 
 Hen. IV. by the rebellion of Hen. fpared neither the Mt. houfe, nor 
 Hotipur, E. of Northumberland, and Ch. before which difafter there was 
 his father, the caftle and manor, with not one almfman in the p. It has 
 other t.ln'ir i-rt^tes, were feized by the bec.n twice burnt fince, but is hand- 
 Is., as th:-y were again for the fame fornely^ rebuilt. Part of a Roman 
 caiifs, in the R. of Edw. IV. yet the highway, that goes from this place to 
 . was at length reconciled' to the Alton, fervis for the head to a great 
 crown, and had this caftle, CJ>. and pond, or rather a little lake near this 
 molt, or all of their eftatcs reftored. T. in which are abundance of fwans. 
 Aij ir, 164 ; this TT gave a title of There's a neighbouring village, called 
 hiri'.ar ro Ken. Piercy of Alnwick, Old Alresford. 
 Brother to Ah:emoon, E. of Nor- ALREWICK, (Staff".) in the ma- 
 thumberiano. The D. of Somer- nor of Bar, and H. of OfHow, not far 
 let has a fea^ here. Every man, frcm Litchfield, bel. in the R. of 
 who taker up t:is freedom of this T. Hen. III. to the Stapletons, from 
 has caufe to remember K. John, by whom it pafl'ed through the families 
 being obliged, according to a claufe, of the Harecourts, Hillaries, and Ld. 
 'tis faid, in his charter, to iump into Ferrers's, to the Devcreuxes : and the 
 a bog, wherein thty fometimes fm!i E. of EiTex fold it to Rob. Stamford, 
 to the chin. K.. Lhn travelling this in whofe family it was not many 
 
 years
 
 A L 
 
 A M 
 
 years ago, if it be not ftill. There 
 is a reputable family in this place, 
 who bear the name of the village. 
 
 ALSTON-MOOR, (Cumber.) on 
 the b. of Northumberland, 209 m. 
 from London, has lead ore in an 
 eftat>j here bel. to the Derwentwater 
 family. Mt. on S. 
 
 A L T E R i N N i s , (Hcref.) on the b. 
 of Monmouthshire, ftands fo, at the 
 winding of the r. Munnow, that 'tis 
 almoft (urrounded with it. It was 
 formerly the feat and manor of Rob. 
 Seilelt, or Ccifel, of Norman defcent, 
 from whom the 2 noble families of 
 the Es. of Salifoury, and Exeter, de- 
 rive their pedigree. 
 
 ALTHROP, (Nortbamp.) 4m. 
 from Northampton, and 57 from 
 London, is the ancient manor and 
 feat of the noble family of the Spen- 
 fers, in the middle of a charming 
 park, laid out and planted, like that 
 of Greenwich, and on the /kiits of a 
 beautiful Down. "Twas rebuilt, with 
 great improvement, by Rob. E. of 
 Sunderland, grandfather to the pre- 
 fent D. of Marlborough, and is pjr- 
 ti ubrly noted for a magnificent gal- 
 lf .--. fuinifhed with curious paintings 
 !v, the beft hands, and for a noble 
 f water, on which is a fine 
 : icnclola, cam.cf, C7r. 
 
 {^ ALTON, (Hamp.) bet. Farn- 
 
 ..: Surry, and Alresford in the 
 
 om Southampton and Win- 
 
 : . to London, from whence 'tis 
 
 30 cm. and 50 mm. '1 he manor of 
 
 this T. before the ref. bel. to the 
 
 Bion. of Hide, at Winchcfter, and it 
 
 abounds with wood. Here is a ch. f. 
 
 for 40 boys, and 20 girls. Mt. on S. 
 
 ALTON-GRANGE, ( L-.ic. ) near 
 A/hby de la Zcuch, bel. foixnerly to 
 the abbey of Garenton, near Louuh- 
 borough, but laft of all to the Es. cf 
 Huntingdon. 
 
 (t^> A L T R i N c H A M , (Cbe/b.) bet. 
 VVarrington and Stockp'~it ; on the 
 b. of Lanca/hire, is frcm London 137 
 cm. and 152 mm. "Tis governed 
 by a mayor, and lias a Fair on St. 
 
 w.-j's'da. Mt. on '7t. 
 
 ALVINGTON, (G/ouc.) near Lid- 
 ney, in the foreft of Dean, was an- 
 ciently one of the Roman ftations, 
 but is now only a fmall village, with 
 a chapel of cafe to Wollafton. Its 
 manor bel. heretofore to the priory 
 of Lanthony, near Gloucefter, and 
 had a Mt. but at the ref. it parted to 
 Arth. Porter, then to Sir Will. Her- 
 bert, and laftly to Will. Higford, of 
 Dixon, Efq; who had a pleafant feat 
 here. 
 
 ALWOODLEY, commonly called 
 ALL INGLE Y, (Ysrk, W. R.) near 
 Ottley, formerly the feat of the 
 Franks, and afterwards the eftate of 
 Sir Gervafe Clifton, who had more 
 wives than K. Hen.VIII. for whereas 
 that K. had 3 Kates, 2 Nans, and 
 I Jane, the Knt. had 3 honourable, 
 3 worfhipful, and I well-beloved. 
 He died in 1666. 
 
 AMBERI.EY, (Suffix) 4m. from 
 Arundel, and 12 from Chichefter, 
 43 cm. and 51 mm. from London, is 
 a L-reat thoroughfare from London to 
 the former. It ftands on the r. Arun, 
 and is fuppofed to h;ve always bel. 
 as it doth now, to the Bps. of Chi- 
 chefter, beoufe Will. Read, Bp. of 
 that fee, built a caftle here for his 
 fucceflors, in thcR. of Edw. III. but 
 leafed it out to the Butlers family, 
 who then d\velt here. 
 
 AMBLECOTE, (Staff. ) on the N. 
 fide of the Stower, not far f r< m Wol- 
 verhampton, bel. formerly to the 
 StarYords of Sandon, and then to the 
 Grays of Enfield, the laft of whicti 
 family is fuppofed to have fold it to 
 the Ld. Dudley, who was poflefled 
 of it in the R. 'of Edw. VI. 
 
 ($3" AMBLESIDE. (Wejimor.) at 
 the upper end of Winander Meer, 
 206 cm. and2'5c mm. from London, 
 was anciently a large city, and a fta- 
 tion of the Romans, of %\ hole me- 
 dals many have been found here 5 
 feme of which are in that collection, 
 which Mr. Brathwaite, of Ambie- 
 fide, gave by a deed, in 1674, to the 
 library of the U.of Oxford. This place 
 is noted for a mf. of cloth. Mt. />". 
 AM-
 
 A M 
 
 A M 
 
 ^p AM 3 R E s B u R v,(#%j)near the 
 r. Avon, 65 cm. 80 m. from L'. rv.ii n, 
 had its name from the valiant Ambrofi- 
 u 5 Aurelianus,who, in the declenfion of 
 the Roman Empire,afTum'd the Gt.of 
 Britain, and with the amftartce of the 
 valiant Arthur rcpell'd all foreign in- 
 vaders ; but was at length kill'd in a 
 battle on Salifbury-Plain, and buried 
 under Stcnehenge. Here was a men. 
 founded by Ambrofius,for 300 monks, 
 who were to pray fcr the fouls of 27 1 
 noble Britons, that \vere mdTacred 
 here by the treachery of Hengift, the 
 Saxon. Here was alfo a ftately nun- 
 nery, built and endowed by K. Ed- 
 gar's wife, to attone for the murder of 
 her fon-in-law K. Edward. QJiiea- 
 nor, wife to K. Hen. III. who had 
 renounced ail regal pomp, fpent the 
 latter part of her days in this nunnery. 
 And on AfTumption-day, Anno 1285, 
 Mary, the daughter of K.Edw. 1 
 ivas veil'd here, together with 1 3 no- 
 blemens daughters. This T. has fe- 
 veral good inns, and a Fair en ALty 6. 
 but not much frequented, though it 
 is a great thoroughfare to Warminfter, 
 Frcome, Weils, GY. and renmkable 
 fora! '. in the r. called 
 
 ilcrs and fpr,rtf- 
 
 rr.en, V\!K. ret" ;t hither much for the 
 I'.ike-cf hunting on the neighbouring 
 Downs, put into a glr/s of lack, and 
 fwallow alive. A ch. f. was erected 
 and endowed here, in 1715, for 15 
 boys, and as many girls. The D. of 
 Queen/bur)- has a noble feat here, and 
 n-ar it b. dug the beft kind of Clay for 
 tobacco-pi v>c J. Mt. i 
 
 A : E ? s D T. N , cr AM B R o s E n r. K, 
 (Oxford.] am. from Biceftcr, or Bur- 
 ' ccfter. The Roman way, cali'u Ake- 
 manftreet, enters this C. in this p. 
 Here are a neat Ch. well adorn'd, and 
 the fea mieand 
 
 Sir Eu<.- - 
 5J< A "- 
 
 
 fr-jm I.onci.v.. ,r.t o.">r. 
 
 . a Vale 
 bet, v 
 
 Eliz. and Fairs on Wbitfanjfa 
 
 and Mictadmas-da) . Here v, 
 a chantrj' ; and in the blcody 
 the Popi/h Q^ Mai y many g 
 teftrnts fufFer'd nirati r. a i 
 
 and neighbourhood. There . 
 feat here, called Shardeiov. 
 manor of which bel. form, to i. 
 ble family of the Rufiels ; but, a'-or.t 
 the refkraticn of K. Cha. II. was fold 
 with the bor. to Sir Will. Drake, Bt. 
 in \vhofe fam.ly it now remains. The 
 T. confifts of a Icng flreet, in the 
 r'.ad from Uxbridgc to Buckingham, 
 divided about the middle by a fhortcr 
 crofs ftreet ; in the interfeticn of 
 which ftands the Ch. which is the 
 bcft rectory j and, as itsTown-hsl',. cr 
 Mt. houfe, is the handfomeft in the 
 Co. The former was well endow'd 
 by its patron, GeofFery de Mtnde- 
 ville, E. of Efiex, in the R. of K. 
 Stephen. The latter was built rbcut 
 70 years fince, Ly Sir William Drake 
 Knt. nephew of the aboverrenticned 
 purchafer, vho died in 1669, un- 
 married. "I'is a brick Structure en 
 arched pillars, and has en the top a 
 lanth'-rn and clock. Mt. 
 
 Jt^ AM i>ii THILL, tBefyrdjt).} 
 36 cm. and ^3 mm. from Lender., 
 bet. the roads from thence to Buck- 
 ingham and Royfion, is a pretty T. 
 almoft in the heart of the Co. bet. 
 tv. j uills. In the R. of Hen. VI. a 
 large rrnnfion houfe was built iaA, 
 park, at the E. end of it, by $jf*. 
 John Cornwa!, out cf the fp 
 had taken in France. It bcinn; r.ft-r- 
 wsrds forfeited, itwrs * 
 
 crown by Hen. VIII. v,h; ui-C^Oath. 
 retired hither upon her divorce. It 
 was given ly R Ch. II. to Robert, 
 Ld Bruce, who, when created E. of 
 Alefbury, had his title of Vifc. ;"c:n 
 hence, and v.-i 
 
 I .; An:pth-l!/but 
 
 -: was, not many years 
 
 ::hiied by the D. el Bedford, 
 
 . bc&} a ch. f. a hof. founded 
 
 by Mr. .Svo;-.?, principal of Nevv-Inn- 
 
 Hsll, Oxford, for TO peer men. Her* 
 
 c .
 
 A M 
 
 Novcm, 29, 5.'. Anncs, and Corfai 
 Cbrifti-dsy. Mt. on To. 
 
 AM w E L r., (Hertf.} a little to the 
 S. of Ware, 20 m. from London, fa- 
 mous for giving rife to the New River, 
 which fupplies this city, after a courfe 
 of 36 m. but is furniihed however 
 with a large fliare of its water, by a 
 cut out of the r. Lee, that runs to 
 Hackney. One part is called Am- 
 \\cll-Magna, The other Parva, at 
 which is the head of the New r. 
 Is a member of the p. of All-Saints, 
 in Hertford, and form. bel. to Wal- 
 tham-Abby ; but, at the ref. K.Hen. 
 VIII. gave it to Leon. Chamberlain 
 and Richard Andrews, Efqrs. \vho 
 fold it to John Knighton ; from 
 whofe pofrerity it pafied to John Gar- 
 diner, Efq; w'hofe grandaughter con- 
 teyed it by marriage to Hen.Dunfter, 
 Efq;. 
 
 AXCASTER, (Lir.c.} 8m. from 
 Gn-ntham, is a fmall, but ancient, 
 Roman village, on a Roman highway, 
 under a hill, which abounds with 
 remnants cf antiquity ; the fule of 
 which has, for many years, been car- 
 ried on by the inh. for after a hafty 
 fhower, the fhcpherds andjchool-boys 
 go to feek them in the neighbouring 
 declivities and quarries. The T. cm- 
 Ms of one ftreet along the road, 
 and has a fpring at each end of it; but, 
 it is faid, thercMs no other from hence 
 to Lincoln, which is 14 m. It has 
 the honour cf giving the title of 
 Duke to the noble family of Bertie. 
 
 * ANDOVER, (H*nj>.) 55 cm. 
 66 mm. from London, ftands on the 
 r. Ande, that comes out of the forcft 
 of Chute. It is faid to have had its 
 firft charter from K. John, but was 
 incorporated laft by Q._ Eliz. and is 
 governed by a bailiff, fteward, recor- 
 der, 10 approved men (out of whom 
 are chofe 2 juftices) and 22 capit 1 
 bureefles, who yearly chccfe the bai- 
 liff," and he elcfts 2 ferjeants at mace 
 to attend him. Here was formerly a 
 men. and a chantry. 'Tis a large, 
 hnndfome, populous T. pfcafantly ii- 
 tuated on the edge of the Downs, and 
 
 A N 
 
 a great thoroughfare from London to 
 Wilt/hire, and from Newbury to Salis- 
 bury. 'Tis a great T. for malting, and 
 themf. ofihalloon^anditsFairsareon 
 Th. and F. the 3d week in Lt>::,Mjy I , 
 and Nov. 6. Mt. en S. Htreisan 
 hof. for 6 men, built and endowed by 
 Mr. Pollen, a member for this bor. in 
 feveral pts. of K. Will, and father to 
 the prefent member, who is one of the 
 Wclih judges. Here are alfo a fr. f. 
 founded An. 1 569, and a ch. f. for 
 30 boys ; and the T. gives title of 
 Vifc. to the E. of Berkshire. 
 
 ANGMERING, E. and W.^Suf. 
 fex,} are two fmall villages on the 
 Englilh channel, not far from Arun- 
 del. The former was the lp. of Fitz- 
 alan, E. of Arundel (in the R. of 
 Rich. II.) who obtained achaiterfor 
 a Mt. here on 5. and a Fair, June 29. 
 In the R. of Hen. VIII. here lived 
 Edward Palmer, Zfq; \\hofe wife was 
 delivered of 3 fons in a fortnight's la- 
 bour, who lived to be all knighted for 
 their bravery and fuc cedes, and were 
 the anccftors cf the honourable fa- 
 mily of their name in this Co. and 
 Kent. 
 
 ANKERWICK, (Backs,} by the 
 Thames, near Wrayfbury and Stanes, 
 not far from Wind for, form, a nun- 
 nery, is a manor bel. to the Dfs. cf 
 Beaufort. 
 
 ANNESLEV, (Net.} a T. not far 
 from the foreft cf Sherwood, which 
 gave mme to a family that was pof- 
 fefs'd of it from the conqaeft to the 
 time cf K. Hen. VI. from whence 
 are defcendf.d the Es. of Anelelcy j 
 but, for want of heirs male, it came 
 afterwards by marriage to the family 
 of the Chaworths, who ha - . e a gccd 
 cflate well weeded, and watered with 
 fine fiih-pcnds. Here is a Ch. and 
 ch. f. and it had form, a chantry. 
 
 AN s T YJ or AN E s T Y, ( Ih-rt, } 
 not far from Barkway, ftands on a 
 fteep hill, where a caft'le was eretted 
 in the R. of Will, the Conq. which 
 was enlarged by the Baron?, in their 
 wars with K. J<-!.n ; tut the- i . 
 JEg into the handt of Nich. d. 
 
 in
 
 A N 
 
 TO 
 
 A P 
 
 in the R. of Hsn. III. the additional 
 part of the caftle was demoli/hed by 
 order of that Prince, (as the reft has 
 been fmce by time) and the Ch. built 
 foon after out of its ruins. The ma- 
 nor patted through divers hands, 'till 
 at length it came to Sir Rowland Lit- 
 ton, who fold the advowfon of the 
 Ch. to ChriftVCollege, Cambridge, 
 but fettled the manor on his younger 
 fon Rowland. 
 
 AN T H o N y , E. and W. (Corn.} not 
 far from Salta/h, is a feat (where was 
 formerly a mon.) bsl. to the family 
 rf the Carewj, and has a fi/h-pond, 
 which lets in the fea, and furnifhes 
 the inh. with plenty of fi/n, which 
 are fo tame, that they come every 
 evening to a certain place to be fed, 
 and are called together, at any time, 
 by a noife that refembles the chop- 
 ping of their meat. There are two 
 villages called Anthony, the one E. 
 the other W. of Falmouth. 
 
 APEDAI. E, ( Staff. ) not far from 
 Stone, is of note only for its iron ore, 
 which, tho' of the worft fort, yet 
 being ufed with others to make it bet- 
 ter, ferves pretty well for two-penny 
 nails, and meeting nails for /hips. 
 This was for a long time the feat 
 and demefne of the Delves, and cnme 
 by marriage to Sir Robert Sheffield, 
 Knt. recorder of London, in whofe 
 fimily it remain'd, 'till it was fold 
 by Edmund, Ld. Sheffield. 
 
 APETHORP, (Northamp.} 4111. 
 from Oundle, was formerly the feat 
 and eftate of Sir Anth. Mildmay, and 
 afterwards thit of the E. of Wcft- 
 morland, by the marriage of Sir An- 
 thony's daughter with Francis, the E. 
 
 APPLEBY, (Line.) bet. Glanford 
 Bridge and Burton upon Trent, on 
 the b. of York/hire, is noted for the 
 pafTage of that famous Roman road 
 through its lane, which comes from 
 Stamford and Lincoln, and is called 
 all along by the country-people, the 
 High-Street ; being caft up to a great 
 height, and in fome places 7 yards 
 broad. 
 
 ;jc APPLEB/Y, (Wefim.) 197011. 
 
 and 276 mm. from London, /lands on 
 the r. Eden, which almoft encompafles 
 it, an4 on that Roman military way, 
 which crofies this Co. from Stain- 
 more on the E. to Cumberland en 
 the W. 'Tis the Shire T. and is go- 
 verned by a mayor, aid. and C. C. 
 Here is laid to be the beft corn Mt. 
 in all thefe parts. Befides its Ch. and 
 that at Bongate, which is a part of this 
 T. here is a caftle, which was the 
 feat of the E. of Thanet, a gaol, a 
 town-hall, a fr. f. and a hof. the 
 latter founded and endowed by Lady 
 Anne, daughter of George, Ld. Clif- 
 ford in 1651, for a governefs, and 12, 
 other widows, commonly call'd The 
 Mother and Twelve Sifters. This 
 T. was taken by furprife by William, 
 K. of Scots, but recovered by K.John, 
 who gave its caftle and barony to 
 John de Vipont, whofe family, and 
 that of the Cliffords, have been Lds. 
 of this C. for above 500 years. K. 
 Hen. II. gave it privi ledges equal to 
 the city of York ; and its charter was 
 confirmed by his fucceflbrs, even almoft 
 to the end of the laftcentury. It was 
 fet on fire by the Scot?, in the Rs. of 
 Hen. II. and Rich. II. and in 1598 
 it fuffered greatly by a peftilence, fo 
 that it is a /haltering, decayed, half 
 demoli/hed T. The chief ornament 
 of it is one broad ftreet ; and its prin- 
 cipal ftrength confifts in the caftle, at 
 the head of it, which is almoft fur- 
 rounded with the r. and with trqpches, 
 where the r. comes not. The Fairs 
 here are on Whit-Monday, May 30, 
 and June 10. Mt. on 5. 
 
 APPLEBY Magna & Parva, 
 (Leic.) near Normanton, was, for 
 many nges, the refidence of the fa- 
 mily of that name. In the former, 
 is a fr. f. founded in 1697 by Sir John 
 Moore, for 100 fcholars, who are 
 taught Engli/h and Latin. 
 
 APPLEDON, ( Devon. ) on the 
 coaft, bet. Northam, in whofe p. it 
 lies, and St. Anne's Chapel, ftands at 
 the mouth of the Towridge and the 
 Taw, and is the firft harbour for vef- 
 fcls, within the bar of Barnftaple. 
 C a AP-
 
 A P 
 
 TO 
 
 A R 
 
 APTLEDORE, (Kent,] 'near Ton- 
 tei-clen, on the banks of the r. Ro- 
 ther, 54 m. from London. K. Hen. 
 VIII. fettled this manor on the D. 
 and C. of Chnit-Church. It had 
 anciently a Mt. which has-been long 
 difafed, but has a Fair on June n. 
 Here is a court-lee-, which extends 
 itfelf over Town-Borough and Hrrf;- 
 Borough. 'Tis faid, the fea ftoxved 
 up formerly, as far as this T. 
 
 AFPLETH \v ATE, ( IVcjhr.or. ) a 
 
 hamlet in the p. of Winir.der-Mere, 
 
 to whole inh. ail tiie fifhing in the 
 
 Mre bel. and all the tithe fifli to the 
 
 retor, who has a plead; re -boat upon 
 
 the faid lake, and a prescription for 
 
 i a boat, in lieu of the tithe 
 
 -he fifti that are taken in it. 
 
 APPLETON-NUN, (York. E.R.) 
 
 bet. Sci'ty and York city, fo called 
 
 -: meriy,which, 
 
 bq Ref. was the feat'of Tho. 
 :fax, general of the Ft. army, 
 e his time, that of the D. of 
 Buckingham,, as it is now of Sir Will. 
 , 3ait. 
 
 .- '. E T R E E -\V 1C!.', (TOI'L W. 
 
 R.} not far from Skipton in Craven 
 .oce, was anciently the 
 Lp. oi Vv'illiam de Fortibus, who, be- 
 ing Ld. of Skipton,cbtairied of K.John 
 the priviiedge of holding an annualFair 
 here, and to afforeft his lands, fcr 2 m. 
 in length. 
 
 AOJJ JL ATE, (Staff".} on the b. of 
 Shropshire, near Newport, was for- 
 merjy the eftate of Tho. Scrimfhaw, 
 a prothonotary of the Common Pleas, 
 and takes its name of aqua lata, from 
 a large head of Water, or Mere, juft 
 below it, which is noted for jacks, 
 and carps, &c. and fome floating 
 ifhi:d3. 
 
 ARSURY-BANKS, (Herif.} half 
 a mile from Afhwell, a fpct of about 
 12 acres, fuppofcd to have been a 
 Roman camp, from certain Roman 
 coins found there. 
 
 ARCHES, (Etrks,} a manor in the 
 
 for .".aft Hendied, the feat cf the 
 IteCharle 'lyfi.-n, Efqj to which is 
 annexed an old c'-iiel, that appears 
 tg have been formerly a chantrj-. 
 
 ARC OLE, (Salop,} 3m. S. W. 
 of Hinftock, a harnlet of Pullid, 
 formerly the Lp. of Mortimer, an- 
 ceftor of the Es. cf March. 
 
 ARDBURY^ERD BURY, (War,) 
 near Coventry, where was a mon. 
 which, at the Ref. was given to Cha. 
 Brandon, D. of Suffolk ; from whom 
 by feveral intermediate owners, it came 
 at length to ferjeant Newdigate, and 
 is now Che (eat of Sir Richard New- 
 digate, Bart. The Ch. and the houfe 
 were demoliihed, in the R. of QJLliz. 
 by Sir Edmund Anderfon. 
 
 AREJLEV, or ARULEY, (Stifff.) 
 ftretches above 1 m. over the Severn, 
 towards Worcefterihire, bel. formerly 
 to the canons of Wolve;-harr.pt< ;i \ 
 and in the R. of Edw. III. the E. of 
 Northampton held it under them. 
 
 ARKSEV, (Ycrk, W. R.) ^ m. 
 N. cf Doncafter, had fcrmerly a 
 chantry j but is more memorable for 
 the v ill of Bryan Cooke,Efq; ini66o, 
 whereby he gave ioo/. a year to the 
 vicar, 40 /. a year to a fchoolmaiter, 
 for infrrufting the poor children of 
 the p. and 60 /. a y-jar, for bu Ji'.ing 
 a hof. fcr 12 of the oldeft poor, who 
 are to receive 5 /. a year e-'.di, b; Hdcs 
 their dwelling. His L. -other, SirGeo. 
 Cooke, Bart, gave alfo 200 /. and a 
 cottages for buiiding a fchool-houfe. 
 
 ARLEY, (ff'aric.) to the W. of 
 Nun-E;;toa, bel. formerly to the O- 
 dingfeils family, and afterwards to 
 the Coibets ofCsus and Leigh, to 
 the Rcchfords, to Thomas Bate, Efqj 
 to Ld. Ferrers of Groby, and to the 
 Skefnngtons of Lekefter/hire. 
 
 ARMANTHWATE, (Cuwb.) near 
 the r. Eden, bet. Kirk Ofwald and 
 Corby-Caftie, had formerly a nunne- 
 ry ; lince which, the manor has bel. 
 to the Skeltons. 
 
 ARMING TON, (Dmn.) on the 
 r.Arm, not far from Plymptcn, whic h 
 gives name to a H. and lias been fuc- 
 ceffively in poffefEon of the Peverels, 
 Carews, Fitz-Stcphens , Esnfteds, 
 and Stovcrr. Here was fonneriy a 
 chantry.
 
 A R 
 
 A R 
 
 ARMITAGE, (Staff.} on the r. 
 Sow, bet. Riddefley and King's Bram- 
 ley, is noted for the tobacco pipes 
 made here of a greyi/h fort of clay, 
 dug near Wrottefley Houfe, and has 
 been the feat of the Ridgleys, fince 
 theR. ofEdw. III. 
 
 ARMLEY, (York. W. R.) near 
 Leeds, bel. formerly to the Lacys, 
 Es. of Lincoln, and the Mufgraves. 
 The hall here was the feat of the an- 
 cient family of the Hoptcns, from 
 whom it parted to the Stapletons, 
 Maulevrers, and Inglebys, in whofe 
 family it now is ; and here is a cha- 
 pel, which was built in the R. of K. 
 Cha. I. In die neighbourhood are red 
 and white coat hills, and that called 
 Giant-Hill, where is a Danifh fortifi- 
 cation. 
 
 ARNESBY, (JLV.) alittletothe 
 N. of Sleafby, in the road to Leicefter, 
 bel. anciently to the Spencers 5 but 
 being forfeited in the R. of Edw. III. 
 was given to Henry, Vifc. Beaumont, 
 whofe pofterity alfo forfeiting it to 
 Edw. IV. he granted it to Sir Wil- 
 liam, afterwards Ld. Haftings ; but 
 feveral parts of it belonged to mons. 
 In 1622, the Ch. came to the inheri- 
 tance of Sir William Fawnt of this 
 Co. Knt. 
 
 ARNHALE, (Wano.} a member 
 of the mon. of Coventry, was given 
 at the Ref. to John Hales, clerk of 
 the hanaper, and his heirs, by the 
 name of Harnall Grange. 
 
 ARNOLD, or ARNALL, (Nott.) 
 bet. Sherwood-Foreft and Notting- 
 ham, on the E. fide of Be/kwood- 
 Park, gave nsme to an ancient family, 
 fuppofed to have held this manor un - 
 <ter the crown ; but K. John granted 
 h to Hugh de Nevil, and his heirs, 
 who held it 'till the R. of Edw. III. 
 when it was transferred to Humphry 
 Bohun, E. of Hereford, with whole 
 daughter it pafled to Thomas cf 
 Woodrtock, D. of GIrcefter, whofe 
 fon parted with it to Sir William Fcl- 
 jamb, Knt. from whom it came by 
 the Haftings and Beaumonts to the 
 crown. After this, the townlhip pur- 
 
 chafed the manor of K. James I. for 
 the prefervation of their cuftoms and 
 commonage, it being within the fo- 
 reft of Sherwood ; but the demefnes 
 are in the family of Stanhope, related 
 to the E. of Chefterfield. Q._Eliz. 
 granted the right of that Ch. to John 
 Flint, William Jenkinfon, and their 
 heirs. 
 
 ARROW, (T^rw.) near Au'.ceftor 
 and a r. of its own name, was for- 
 merly the eftate of the Camvills, and 
 afterwards of the Burdets j from 
 whom it came, by marriage of the 
 heirefs, to Edward Conway, Efq; the 
 fon of John Conway, Efq; gent.-uflicr 
 of the chamber to K. Hen. VIII. and 
 the father of Sir John Conway. Ed- 
 ward, Vifc. Conway, who died ia 
 1630, lies in the Ch. 
 
 >fc ARUNDEL, (Suffix,) 46cm. 
 and 55 mm. from London, has a 
 bridge over the r. Arun, noted for its 
 excellent mullets. 'Tis a bor. by 
 prefcription (fo old as to be mentioned 
 in K. Alfred's will) the manor of 
 which has conftantly gone along with 
 the caftle, as has the title and honour 
 of an E. which it now gives to the D. 
 of Norfolk ; fo that whoever IMS the 
 caftle is thereby an E. without any 
 other creation. The T. by a charter 
 ofQ._Eliz. is governed by a mayor, 
 12 burgefles, a fteward, &c. The 
 mayor, who is chofe yearly, is judge 
 at the court-leetof the" lord of the ma- 
 nor, which is every three weeks, and 
 appoints the collectors of the pcckrc,e 
 and foliage, the aleconners, flefh- 
 taftcrs, &V. and no writ can be exe- 
 cuted within the bor. without his 
 leave ; for he has the authority of a 
 jufticc of peace, though he feldrm 
 acts. As it ftands near the mouth of 
 its r. it had once a good harbour, that 
 admitted mips of 100 tons, even to 
 its bridge, 'till it was ruined by a fand 
 beach thrown up by the fen but ia 
 1733 there was an aft of Pt. for re. 
 pairing it. Here was anciently a col- 
 legiate Ch. and a mon. and the T. 
 has fent members to Pt. ever fince the 
 30th of Edw. I, Its Fairs are on My 
 C 3 2,
 
 A R 
 
 A S 
 
 2, S>ug. 10, Stff. 14, ZXv. 
 
 Mrs. 
 
 ARWERTON, (Safll) a little to the 
 i" Harwich, near the junction of 
 . el! and the Scour, was once the 
 a family of the Baa ns, and is 
 be mancr of the Parkers, and 
 of Sir Philip Parker, Bart. 
 
 y^ ASBORNE, Or ASHBORX, 
 
 {D.ibj.} on the b. of Staffordihire 
 and the E. fide of the r. Dove, 10 m. 
 from Derby, and 108 from London. 
 Its chief trade is in the great quantities 
 ofcheefefent from it up and down 
 the Trent. Its Fairs are 1 ',ty 3 and 
 30, &/>r. 29, Off. 8, Nov. 27, the 
 firft TA. in Af..r>, ana. the hm 7*. 
 in June. Mt. on 5. ' he family of 
 thj Cockryr.es flourifhed here a long 
 tim?. 
 
 ASCOT, (Oxf.} near Shirehamp- 
 ton, is a chspelry in Great Miiton, on 
 the S. bank of the r. Evanlode, and 
 -\\- was the eftate of the Spen- 
 fers, Es". of Winchefter, 'till forfeited 
 . ro\vn, by an attainder of Hugh 
 r. and given to Thomas de Bro- 
 r>, E. of Ncrfolk, t,th fon of 
 A. I, but it v.-er.t r.n a 
 ty th IUE daughter?, to 
 
 Sir Walter (is Manny, and Edward de 
 
 A' COT, 'JFarii'.^ 
 S. cf Ladbrcck, near the r -.'.:. : 
 
 rv to Dunchurch, was a mem- 
 Hedenhull formerly, end bel. 
 5-Abbsy in this Co, 
 ASH, (Devin.) in the p. of Mof- 
 bury, near Axminfter. Here was a 
 fine feat burnt dcvn by the rebels in 
 1 wars, which has been rebuilt 
 by Sir Willism Drake; but 'tis cf 
 .ote, fcr being the birth-place 
 cf John Churchill, the victorious D. 
 '.v.lbcroagh, and his brother 
 .-, the general who tcok the 
 ior.vxk prifoner at the brttle cf 
 .-, vhofe father, Sir Winfton 
 Vill, married Elizabeth, daugh- 
 Sir John Drake of this place. 
 AS.KBURNHAM, (Suffer,) 9 m. 
 rri Haftine^, and i;im. fromLcn- 
 tk of E, to the family 
 
 of this name, which, thou^ 
 lately admitted into the peerage, is u 
 ancient as any in thefe parts, being 
 defcended from Bertram de Aihburn- 
 ham, who was iheriffof Surry, Sut- 
 fex, and Kent, at the arrival o'f Will, 
 the Conq. and the prefent E. has a 
 feat here, faid to be one of the beft 
 in the Co. The loyalty of this fa- 
 mily to K. Ch. I. is very well known. 
 Bertram Amburnham, Efq; who died 
 in 1743, did by will bequeath to the 
 clerk of this p. for ever, the watch, 
 which that K. had in his pocket, and 
 the {hlit he wore at his execution, 
 which are both depofited in the veftry 
 of its Ch. 
 
 and 191 mm. from London, is an an- 
 cient bor. by prefcripticn, governed 
 by a portreeve, chofe yearly at the 
 court-leet and baron of R'chardDuke, 
 and Roger Tuck/kid, Eft;; Lds. of 
 the manor, acd he is the returning- 
 offker cf the members to Pt. The 
 election having be- n for many years 
 difcontinued, vas reitcred, by the ;n- 
 tereft of Sir John Ncrthcote, cf this 
 Co. Bart, foon after the reftoraticn of 
 Charits II. This is one of the four 
 :y Ts. of Devonshire, d 
 I le f r its mines of t;n a:.d 
 . -e. TheMt. 
 
 . which was obtained by Mr. 
 Ford, in 1672, M u*i fccwoed and 
 yarn ; and that on 5. is for prcvificns. 
 Its Fairs ate the firft 1b. in Mzrcb, 
 the feccnd Th. in June, Aug. 10. and 
 7\:r . ii. The tv.c icirner were ob- 
 tained by Step.'ettn, bp. of Exeter, 
 An. 1273, and the two laft by Andrew 
 Quick, Efq; 60 years ago. This T. 
 ftancis on the r. Dart, and is a great 
 thcrcv.r.hfare in the road frrm the 
 L.-:cr; End to Lcndon, being abcut 
 half way bet. Exeter and Hymcuth. 
 Though the mancr bd. ai.ciently to 
 the fee of Exeter, 'tisfuppofed to have 
 tel. to the crown, ever fir.ce ths 3d 
 of Hen. IV. and itr.ppears, that v. hen 
 K. Jam. I. created his fen Charies, 
 Prince of Wales, he gave him, with 
 o:::sr lands, tfaii rr ; ajicr : but K. 
 Ch.
 
 A S 
 
 A S 
 
 Ch. II. gave it to Sir Robert Park- 
 hurft, and the Ld. Sonds, E. of Fe- 
 verfliam, who afterwards alienated it j 
 the one having fold his part to Sir 
 John Stawel, whofe ion's executors 
 again fold it to the truftees of Roger 
 Tuckfield, Efq; the other being pur- 
 chafed by Richard Duke, of Otterton, 
 Efq} It has a handfome Ch. more 
 like a collegiate, than a parochial one, 
 and a chapel, which was anciently a 
 chantry. The latter is ufed for a 
 fchool, as well as the paviih meeting 5 , 
 and for the election of its members 
 ofPt. 
 
 ASH BURY, (Berks.] has a park 
 near White-Horlb-Hill, to the W. of 
 the vale of that name ; where are the 
 tracts of a camp, fuppofed to be Da- 
 nidi, almcft quire deiTioliflied, by dig- 
 ging for the ftones to build Ld, Cra- 
 ven's houfe in the park, which was 
 a magnificent one, but had the mis- 
 fortune to be burnt down to the 
 ground. 
 
 ASHBY-CASTLE, ( N:rtbamf. ) 
 6 m. from Well ingborough and Nor- 
 thampton, and 53 from London, is 
 adorned With a noble feat of the E, 
 of Northampton, pleaicntlv fituated in 
 Yardley-Cluce, OP/J of the fineft in 
 England, and the beft flocked with 
 deer. Here is a eh. f. for givis. 
 
 (3? ASHB Y dela Zouc!!j(Z,e;V.) 
 13 m. from Leiceftfir T. and SQ cm. 
 and 98 mm. from London, fo called 
 from the Zouches, its ancient Lds. is 
 a very pieafant T. bet. Prefton-Park, 
 and the Great-Park en the ficirts of 
 Derbyfhire. It has a large handfome 
 Ch. a plentiful Mt. on 5. and a neat 
 ftone-crcfs in its principal ftreet. Its 
 Fairs, which are on Eafter-Tu, on 
 Wbit-Tu. Aug. 24, Off. 28, are well 
 flocked with young horfes of the 
 largcft andbeft breed in England ; and 
 here is ale, as good as that of Burton. 
 Here are the ruins of the E.of Hunting- 
 ton's caftle, where K. James I. quar- 
 tered with his whole court, upon the 
 then E. for many days ; during which, 
 inner was always ferved up by 30 
 {.cu Rats-, with gold chains, and vel- 
 
 vet gowns ; but it was demolished in 
 1648. There is a fr. f. here, with 
 a handfome ftipend, in the gift of the 
 E. of Huntington, to whom the ma- 
 nor belongs j K. Edw. IV. having 
 granted it to his anceftor, Sir William 
 Haftings, on the attainder of James 
 Butler, E. of Ormond and Wiluhire, 
 for aiding K. Hen. VI. 
 
 ASHB v-Foi. VILE, (LtvV.) half 
 way bet. Melton-Mowbr?.y and Billef- 
 den, ftands on a r. that runs into the 
 Wreke. It took its name from the 
 family of William Fohile, a francif- 
 can friar, to which the manor an- 
 ciently bel. but afterwards came to 
 the Woodfords and Mortons, and to 
 Sir Francis Smith, and was the feat 
 of Ld. Canington. 
 
 ASH BY-LEDGERS, (Nortbamp.) 
 the feat of John Alhley, ETq; not far 
 from Daventry, in the road to Lutter- 
 worth, bel. formerly to a branch of 
 the Catelbys family ; of \\ hich was 
 Robert Cateiby, one of the gun- 
 powder plotters againft K.James I. 
 and his Pt. 
 
 ASH -RLE, (Norf.) bet. Watton 
 and SwarYam, is a manor held by 
 court ferjeanty, in right whereof, the 
 pofTeiTor has the overiight and difpofal 
 of the table -lir.cn, ufed at coronaiionr. 
 It was firft in the fimily of the Kaf- 
 tings, 'till Hen. VIII. fold the rever- 
 fion to Sir Henry Wyat ; and in Q^ 
 Mary's R. bel. to Sir Hen. Bedingfield, 
 whole pofterity performed the office 
 at the coronation of K. Tames II. and 
 had all the table-linen for his fee. 
 
 A s H E R s T ,( A>/,)nenr Tunbridge, 
 anciently the Lp. of the Gerunds, 
 Chelfhunts, and the Es. of Do:fet ; 
 from whom it came to the Rivers's. 
 
 83 s AsHFORn,(ATfw/',) izm.from 
 Canterbury, and 41 cm. and 57 mm. 
 from London, in the road to Hith. 
 'Tis alfo called Eihford, from the ford 
 over the r. Efh. 'Tis governed by a 
 mayor, and has a court of record every 
 three week?, for all actions of debt, 
 or damages, not exceeding 20 marks. 
 In its Ch. which is large, are buried 
 Sir R.obert Fogg, Id. of Repton in 
 this
 
 A S 
 
 AS 
 
 this p. its founder, and feveral Knts. 
 of his family, particularly Sir John 
 Foge, comptroller of the houfhold to 
 K. Edw. IV. who founded a college 
 in it, for a prebendary, priefts, and 
 chorifters ; and in this Ch. was alfo a 
 perpetual chantry. Here is a monu- 
 ment near 400 years old, for a Coun- 
 tefs of Athol. Its firft Mt. was granted 
 to William Leyburn, by the judges 
 itinerant, in the R. of Edw. I. and 
 its firft Fair, v:x. May 6, by K. 
 Edw. IV. to the D. and C. of Weft- 
 minfter, whofe manor it was by a 
 grant of Edw. III. Its other Fair 
 is Aug. 20. K. Hen. VIII. granted 
 it, after the diflblution, to Sir An- 
 thony Aucher, and John Polfted,Efq; 
 who conveyed it to Sir Andrew Judde, 
 whofe daughter brought it by mar- 
 riage to Sir Thomas Smith 5 from 
 whom it defcended to Philip, Vifc. 
 Strongford of Ireland, who in 1671 
 cbtained a grant for a Mt. here every 
 *Tu. Here is a grammar fr. f. and a 
 very good road to Canterbury. 
 
 ASHLEY, (Staff.} N. W. ofEc- 
 clefljal, towards the b. of Chefliire, 
 is a manor that -was in the family of 
 Sir Thomas Bifliine, for lever?! fuc- 
 ceflicns, 'till it came by marriage to 
 that of Sir Thomas Aftcn of Che- 
 /h.re, and Sir Gilbert Gerrard. The 
 Ch. here was founded, or at leaft re- 
 built, by one David Kendrick, a na- 
 tive of this village, who was a foldier 
 under Edward, the Black Prince. 
 
 ASHLINGTON, or ASHERTON, 
 
 (Wilts.) near Weftbury, was the 
 eftate of the Giffards of Brimsfield, 
 'till forfeited, in the R. of Edw. II. 
 and given to Maurice, brother to the 
 Ld. Berkley. 
 
 ASHORN, (Wanv.) in the p. of 
 Newborn-pacy, near Cheftertcn, was 
 held formerly by the families of Haf- 
 }ang, Balaunce, by the Beauchamps, 
 Es. of Warwick, and Sir Andrew Ha- 
 niock, and his heirs. 
 
 AsmuncE, (Bucks,) Bear Aid- 
 bury and Berkhamftead, 29m. from 
 London, was heretofore a royal feat, 
 being fituate in a fine fportir.g coun- 
 
 try, in the midft of a park, 5 m. in 
 compafs, well wooded, and ftocked 
 with deer. Here was once a men. 
 founded by Edmund, E. of Cornwal, 
 fon to K. Hen. III. which, fince the 
 Ref. is become the feat of the Eger- 
 tons, now Ds. of Bridgwater, who 
 have preferved the ancient arms in the 
 windows of the hall, and the paint- 
 ings in the cloyfters. Here are large 
 beech woods, through which there is 
 a fine vifto, that commands Alefbury- 
 Vale. Its mon. and collegiate Ch. 
 flood in the p. of Pitftcn ; but part of 
 the gardens, together with the out- 
 houfes, are in the p. of Little-Gaddef- 
 den. 
 
 ASHTZD, (Surry,) near Epfom- 
 Wells, one of the fweeteft fituations 
 is England, was formerly the Lp. of 
 Sir John Montfort, of Warwick/hire, 
 frcm whofe relations it parted to the 
 family of Sir Roger Afton. It was 
 afterwards in the pofleflion of Sir Ro- 
 bert Howard, brother to the E. of 
 Berk/hire, who built a fine houfe 
 here, and enclofed it with a park. 
 This was fince the eftate and feat of 
 Mr. Fielding, uncle to the late E. of 
 Denbigh. The Ch. ftands on the 
 edge of the park, and has feveral fine 
 monuments ; particularly one for 
 Henry Newdigate, Efq; Ld. of the 
 mcnor, and brother of the late Sir 
 John Newdigate, of Arbury in War- 
 wickfhire. 
 
 ASHTON-CANTLOW, OrCAN- 
 
 TILUPE, (War~iv.) on the S. bank 
 of the r. Alne, to the E. of Aulcef- 
 ter ; for which reafon, in old records 
 it is written Efton, or Eaft-Town. 
 After the arrival of Will, the Conq. 
 we find it poflefled by the Ofborns. 
 In the R. of Hen. II. it was farmed 
 by one Tankerville ; and in that of 
 K. John, it \vas given to William de 
 Cantelupe ; from whofe defcendants 
 the T. had the name, to diftingui/h 
 it from the other Afhtons in the Co, 
 It came afterwards to the Haftings, 
 the Beauchamps and Nevils, Lds. cf 
 Abernavenny. One of the Cantilupea 
 gave its Ch, to the mon, of Studely. 
 Hit
 
 A S 
 
 A S 
 
 His heirs recovered it, but William 
 de Clinton gave it afterwards to the 
 canons of Markftoke. 
 
 ASHTON in the WALL, (Nortb- 
 amf.) near Chipping -Warden, focal- 
 led, becaufe it flood on a wall, or val- 
 lum, formerly raifed by the Romans 
 againft the incurfions of the Britons 
 from the foreft of Ardenne in War- 
 vvicklhire. This was the efiate of 
 Dudley, fo infamous in the R. of Hen. 
 VII. 
 
 As HWF.tr., (Ilfrtf.) near Caldi- 
 cot, and the b. of Cambridgefhire, 
 fitiute on the r. Rhee, that iflues from 
 a rock at the S. end of the T. which 
 being overthaddowed with tall aihcs, 
 feems to give name to it. In dooms- 
 day-book 'tis called a bor. having 14 
 burgeiles, and a Mt. and anciently it 
 alib Jiad 4 Fairs. There is a quarry 
 in Afh well- Field, out of which the 
 ftones of mcft of the neighbouring 
 Chs. have been dug. Here was for- 
 merly a chantry, and now a ch. f. 
 
 ASHWKL, (Nortbamf*.} zm. from 
 Brackley, the nun or and feat of Sir 
 Thoaias Billing, Ld. Ch. Ju. of the 
 Kgs.-Bench, in the R. of Edw. IV. 
 which pafTed afterwards to the family 
 of the Livfh, ^nd from them to the 
 SLirlfys j and it is. now a feat of the 
 E. of Ferrers. 
 
 ASK WELL, (Rutl.) near the W. 
 b. of the Co. which, at the Norman 
 iiivafjon, was called Exwell. In the 
 R. of Edw. II. and afterwards, it was 
 ir. the pofli-ilion of the Tcuchets,Lds. 
 Audlcy. From this family it palled, 
 about the R. of Hen. VIII. to the 
 crown ; under which it was held by 
 the Palmes's, who were, if they are 
 not ftill, Lds. of the manor. William 
 Burton, Efcj; has a feat here. Somd 
 abbey lands in this p. be!, formerly 
 to the hof. of Burton St. Lazarus, in 
 Leicefierlhire, which were given, by 
 Hen. VIII. to Sir John Dudley, af- 
 terwards E. cf Northumberland! 
 
 ASH v. r ELL-THORP, (Atr/".) not 
 far from Wymundham to the E. came 
 from the Thorps, its ancient owners, 
 to Thomas, Ld, Knevet, and his de- 
 fcendants. 
 
 AsKWtJOR, (Staff.) in the p. of 
 King.'s-Swynford anil' part of thu foreft 
 of Kinfare, which formerly included 
 a great part of the S. fide cf this Co. 
 Upon its heath, near the bridge over 
 the Stour, is an Intrenchment, fup- 
 pofed to have been formerly a Roman 
 camp, commonly called Wolverhamp- 
 ton Ch.yard,from its refemblance to it. 
 
 As KR TON-CASTLE, (Climb.] 
 
 near the famous Picls wall, bel. for- 
 merly to the Barons Dacres, and was 
 the refidence of the land ferjeant of 
 Gillifland, who ufed to lead the inh. 
 againft the Scots ; but fince the treaty 
 of union with that km. his office is 
 ceafed ; and it is now a feat of the 
 E. ofCarliile. 
 
 g^- ASKRIG, (Tork, N. R.) near 
 the r. Youre and Swaldale foreft, and 
 1 7 5 m. from London^has a Mt. on Ti>. 
 
 ASPLEY, (Warta.} near Tam- 
 worth, formerly the manor of the 
 Segraves and Somerys ; from whom 
 it paITed to the Mowbrays, afterwards 
 Ds. of Norfolk, and from them to the 
 Ld. Berkley. 
 
 AsssjiTON-C^vr and Netbfr, 
 (Gxf.} 2 hamltts in the p. of Pirton 
 and BIX, near Henley, noted for a 
 fpnng in one of them which, fays 
 Dr. Plot, in fruitful years, is always 
 dry j but againft a dearth of corn, 
 forms a conuderable ftteain. 
 
 AST BURY, (CbeJJj.) a large p. 
 2 m. from Congleton j whereof it is 
 the mother Ch. which is a fine one, 
 with a lofty fpire fteeple, a great par- 
 fonage, and many gentlemens feats in 
 the village. 
 
 AST LEY, (Wariv.) net far from 
 Milverton, had once a collegiate Ch. 
 and a chantry, and was the manor of 
 the Aftleys, given to them Ly the Es. 
 of Warwick, ;n the R. of Hen. I. 
 They enfeoft'ed the Truiiels in a great 
 part of it ; and from them it paffed to 
 the Lds. Grey of Ruthii and Groby, 
 whofe family pofiefled it for many ge- 
 nerations. In the R. of Hen. VII. it 
 came to Thomas, Marq. of Dovfcc, 
 who added a little park to the greut 
 one j and by the marriage f his fon's 
 widow
 
 A S 
 
 A T 
 
 widow to Adrian Stokes, Efq; it came 
 to him ; but, after her deceafe it paf- 
 fed to Richard Chamberlain, Efq; to 
 whofe father it had been given by Q._ 
 Mary, and his pofterity enjoy' d the 
 manor in 1640 ; but now it is the feat 
 of Sir Roger Newdigate, Bart. 
 
 ASTOL, (Oxf,) on a rivulet, in 
 the road bet. Burford and Whitney, 
 has the moft confpicuous Barrow on 
 that old Roman way, called Akeman- 
 Street, which is fuppofed to have been 
 the fepulchre of fome perfon of very 
 great note. 
 
 AST OK, (Berks.) a little to the 
 N. W. of Moulesford, famous for a 
 fcsttle in 871, wherein the Saxon K. 
 Ethelred, and his brother Alfred 
 routed the Danes. 
 
 ASTON,' (Oxf.) near Bampton and 
 Stokenchurch, was ufed to be called 
 Afton-Molins, becaufe it was anci- 
 ently the manor of K. Edw. Ill's, fa- 
 vourite, Ld. Molins, but from his fa- 
 mily it pafied, by marriage, to the 
 Hungerfords. 'Tis noted for a pe- 
 trifying fpring. 
 
 ASTON, (Staff".) near Stone and 
 Birmingham, is a manor, which, in 
 the R. of Hen. III. was divided bet. 
 the Venables, Barons of Kindertcn, 
 and the family of the Marshals, but 
 was afterwards united in the Leighs 
 of Knightley ; from whom it parted 
 by the Stanleys and Moyles's to the 
 Heninghams, a Suffolk family. Sir 
 Thomas Holte, Bart, who was am- 
 baflador to Spain, in the R. of Ch. I. 
 left 300 /. for building, and 88 /. a 
 year for endowing a hof. here ; and 
 it is now, or was lately, the feat of 
 Sir Clobery Holte, Bart. 
 
 AsroN-PiGOT, (Salop,) near 
 Chirbury, formerly the manor of Ed- 
 ward, Ld. Burnel ; from whom it paf- 
 fed to John, Ld. Lovel ; and from him 
 it went, by marriage, to Sir Brian 
 Stapleton, and Sir Edward Norris. 
 
 ASTROP-WELI.S, (Nortbamp.) 
 on the b. of Oxfordshire, were recom- 
 mended 80 years ago, by the phyfici- 
 ans Willis and Clever, for the cure of 
 the fcurvies, afthma's, &c. 
 
 ASTWICK, (Hert.) not far from 
 Stevenage and Buntingford, bel. an- 
 ciently to the Bnfiingi urns, Hares, 
 &c. and afterwards to Mr. Tulle, 
 whofe father was an aid. of London. 
 
 AT H EL HA MS TON, (Dwfct.) E. 
 of Puddlcton, near the r. Frome, was, 
 for many ages, the feat of the Mar- 
 tins of Devon, a branch of the family 
 of Martin of Tours, that came over 
 with Will, the Conq. and was lately 
 the manor and feat of Sir James Long, 
 Bart, and Mr. Floyer. 
 
 ATHELNEV, (Son.) i.e. in the 
 Saxon language, an ifiand of Nobles, 
 is formed into a river-ifland, by the 
 conjunction of the Thone with the 
 Parrot, a few ms. below Taunton. 
 Here K. Alfred abfccnded, when the 
 Danes over-run all, the floodings of 
 the rs. making the place inacceflible, 
 the firm ground not being above z 
 acres broad ; and here he built an ab- 
 by, whjch was one of thofe, whofe 
 abbots did not fit in Pt. yet were 
 looked upon as fpiritual Lds. 
 
 ATHERLEY, or ADDERLEY, 
 (Salop,) near Newport, was, in the 
 R. of Edw. II. the manor of Ld. Bad- 
 lefmere, who obtained a weekly Mt. 
 fmce difcontinued, and a Fair on 
 June ?.(). By marriage of his fifter, 
 it paffed to William, Ld. Rofs, of 
 Hamlake, in whofe family it conti- 
 nued for divers fucceflicns. The efrate 
 coming afterwards to the crown, by 
 the attainder of one of his defen- 
 dants, K.Edw. IV. granted it to John 
 Tiptoft, E. of Worcefter. 
 
 ATHERSTONj.^rfrw.) near the 
 r. Anker, in the road from London 
 to Derby, was, in the R. of Hen. III. 
 granted by Hugh, E. of Chefter, to 
 the monks of Bee in Normandy, who 
 obtained a Fair September 6, 7, 8, 
 and a Mt. on T. fmce difcontinued. 
 K. Hen. IV. feized it, and gave it to 
 his fon John, D. of Bedford, and af- 
 ter his death to Humphry, E. of 
 Stafford for life ; after whom, Hen. 
 VI. gave it to his half-brother, Ed- 
 mund, E. of Richmond,' and his heirs ; 
 but Edw. IV. took it from him, and 
 gave
 
 A T 
 
 A U 
 
 gave it to the Carthufians of Mont- 
 Grace in Yorkfhire. K. Hen. VIII. 
 after the rcf. gave it to Henry, Marq. 
 6f Dorfet, who being attainted in the 
 R. of Q^ Mary, (he gave it to Wil- 
 liam Devereux, Efq; who founded and 
 endowed a fr. f. here, but his heirs 
 fold it to Sir John Repington of 
 Amington, v\ho enjoyed it in the laft 
 century. Michael Drayton, the fa- 
 mous poet, was born here. 
 
 33" ATHERSTONontheSrouR 
 (Jf f ar<w,) fo called, from its fituation 
 on that r. a little before it falls into 
 the Avon, and to diftinguifh it from 
 the former ; lies on die b. of Leicefter- 
 fhire, 103 m. from London, and is a 
 pretty large, well built T. with a 
 chapel of eafe, a ch. f. for girls, who 
 are taught to few, and fpin linen and 
 jerfey, and Fairs, Mar. zj, Julyz-j, 
 Sept. 8, and Dec. 4. of which that in 
 S pt. is the greatcft cheefe Fair in 
 England, and the factors buy up vaft 
 quantities co carry to Stourbrkige Fair, 
 which begins about the fame time, 
 but holds much longer. Mt. on Tu. 
 Here was formerly a mon. cf Mendi- 
 cant friars, the only, one they had in 
 this Co. built upon 12 acres of Jnnd, 
 given byHalph, Ld. Bafiet of Dray- 
 ton. K. Hen. VIII. gave it to Henry 
 Cartwright,and his ru-irs, but he fold it 
 to one Mr. Hill, and he to the above- 
 mentioned Sir John Repington. K. 
 Hen. III. granted the manor to God- 
 frey Craucumbe, for his life, but the 
 reverfion to Jeffery dc Lar.gley, whofe 
 family enjoyed it many defcents, 'till 
 it pafled, by marriage of the heirefs, 
 to John Clarelke, who conveyed it' to 
 Richard Empfon, fo infamous in the 
 R. of Hen. VII. From him it came 
 to Thomas Merton, Efq; who, .in 
 the R. of Hen. VIII. paffed it to 
 Thomas Hanks, in whofe family it 
 continued, 'till the R. of Q._ Eiiz. 
 when John Hanks left a daughter, 
 who carried it, by marriage, to Ralph 
 Sidcote, Efq; after which, we do not 
 find how it paffei!, only that from the 
 Ref. the Turners family had thuAd- 
 vowfon of the Ch. to 1622. ' 
 
 g5 ATTLEBOROUOH, (Norf.) 
 80 cm. 9 3 mm. from London, ftands 
 in the road from Thetford to Norwich, 
 about ip m. from each, was anciently, 
 not only a city, but a palace, and the 
 metropolis of the Co. and had a col- 
 legiate Ch. founded by the then Lds. 
 of the manor, the Mortimers, de- 
 fcended from the Lds. Mortimer of 
 Wigmore, in Herefordshire. Their 
 eftate here went, by marriage, firil 
 to the Ratcliffs, Es. of SufTex, and 
 laftly to Sir Ralph Bigod. 'Tis ftill 
 a confidcrable T. and has a good Mt. 
 once a fortnight, for fat bullocks, fheep, 
 &c . befides the Mt. on Tb. and a ch. 
 f. 'Tis the feat of Sir Fran. Bickley. 
 AUDLKY, (Staff.) 4m fromNew- 
 caftle under Line, was the feat of the 
 founder of the ancient and noble fa- 
 mily of the Lds. Audley, the fecond 
 Barcns of England, whole poftcnty, 
 by the female branch, vi. the Touch- 
 ets, are Es. of Caftlehaven. Here is 
 a fr. f. for the poor parishioners chil- 
 dren. 
 
 AUIM.EY-END, (Effex,} i m. S. 
 from Safrron-Walden, and 34 from 
 London, is a feat of the E. of Suffolk, 
 once a royal palace, the biggeft in Eng- 
 land, of which there ftill remains one 
 large court. 'Twas built out of the 
 ruins of a mon. by Thomas, Ld. Aud- 
 ley, who deligned it to be a palace for 
 K. Jsm. I. who made him his Ld. 
 High Tr. and created him E. of Suf- 
 folk : but, when it was finiihed with 
 all the grand tafte of that time, his * 
 Majefiy laid, it might do well enough 
 for a Ld. Trea. but it was too much 
 for a K. and therefore he turned it 
 upon the E's.hands,whois faid to have 
 had an create then of 50,000 /. a year. 
 K. Char. II. indeed purcrufed it for a 
 royal palace, as the builder intended 
 it, and mortgaged the hearth-tax to 
 James, E. of Suffolk, to anfwer the 
 purchafe ; but, upon the revolution, 
 when the laid tax was taken off, and 
 the State net in a condition to fpare 
 the purchafe money, K. Will, re- 
 granted the houfe to the family ; 
 upuj v.hkh, Henry, E. of Suftblk
 
 A U 
 
 A U 
 
 and Bindon, pulled down a great pait 
 of it. 
 
 A v D R E, (Camb.} on the N. fide of 
 the Oufc, in the ifle of Ely, has a high 
 rampart, called Belfars-Hill, to which 
 fuch of the Barons retired, as were 
 outlawed after their wars with K. 
 John, &c. 
 
 Avzi.TV-Ufper, (Sahp,} a fine, 
 old feat of the Littletons, Barts. 
 with pleafant walks, on the E. fide of 
 the Severn, almoft over againft Hig- 
 ley en the W. fide. 
 
 A VE R K A M, ( No't.) on the W. fide 
 of tjje Trent,bet. Southwell and New- 
 ark, was, foon after the conqueft, the 
 eflate of the Tyfcnr, from whcfe fa- 
 mily, by the marriage of a daughter, 
 it paffed to that of the Hefets. Frc m 
 their heirs it paffed to Robert Sauvsge, 
 who granted it to Robert de Lexington, 
 the anceftor of John, Ld. Lexington, 
 in the R. of Hen. III. from whom, 
 by marriage of a filler, it came to the 
 Sutcns, fince created Ld?. Lexing- 
 ton ; but new it is a feat of the D. of 
 Rutland. The Trent divides at a 
 place in this p. called Upper Wear, 
 and rejoins at another, called Crank- 
 leys, in the p. of S. Mulkam. 
 
 AUGHTO> T , (Lar.c.) to the S. of 
 Orrr.fkirk, on a r. that pins into the 
 Olt,hasa ch. f. and annual horfe races 
 in its neighbourhood. 
 
 AUKBOROUGH, (Line.) to which 
 
 a Roman road, called Aquis by that 
 
 nation, comss direclly from Whitten 
 
 Brook. Their cnrr.p is now called 
 
 : a Ccuntefs of 
 
 Warwick, who, fay they, at leaft had 
 a feat here, if r.r.t the m?r.rr. The 
 Reman caftle here was creeled in the N. 
 W. zir.gle cf thcCc. a: r. watch-tower 
 over the greatr-ri part of NV.ttingham- 
 /hirL' ar.d Ycrkfhire. There is a la- 
 tvrirth '^cre. called Julian's bower, 
 
 from Barnard's -Caftle, 12 from Dur- 
 ham, and 184 from London. 'Tis rec- 
 koned one of the beft Ts. in the Co. 
 ?nd h?.s a ftcne bridge over the Were. 
 Dr. Conns, its Bp. who rebuilt and 
 added a large apaitment to the old pa- 
 lace, which was built by Anth. Beck, 
 the Bp. in the R. of Edw. I. and 
 pulled down by Sir Arthur Haflerig, 
 who was commander for the Pt. in 
 the civil wars, founded and endowed 
 a hof. here for z men and z women, 
 for ever, and lies buried in a ftately 
 chapel, which he built here. 
 
 AUKL AND St. AN DREW'S, (Dur- 
 ham,) near the former, was anciently 
 a collegiate Ch'. under a vicar, with a 
 chantry, and was the mother Ch. to 
 all this difrrict, which goes by the 
 name of Auklandfhire, but Dr. Beck, 
 the Bp. of this fee, gave the vicar 
 the title of de?n ; and there are iz 
 prebendaries under him. 
 
 Q^ AULCESTEB, (Wrr.) 10501. 
 from London, is a very ancient T. End 
 Corp. and was, no doubt, a Roman 
 ftation, as appears from the coins 
 of brafs, gold andfi!ver| from the 
 bricks often dug up, in and near it ; 
 and from the Roman way, called Id- . - 
 nild-ftreet, palling through it. Tie 
 Lp. of it was' in the crown, after the 
 conque-ft, and it was the refidence of 
 feme of ourKgs. of whom Hen. I. gave 
 it to Sir Rob. Corbet, father of one of 
 his concubines ; after which, it came, 
 by marriape, to the Herberts, but 
 the Ld. Brook was lately, if he be not 
 ftill, the Ld. of the manrr. The 
 Fairs here are c-n the Eve of St. Faith, 
 I it : J-.r.c II, and 7 
 days ." .. Its Mt. en 
 
 Tref. is much frequented for corn. 
 In the p. were formerly 2 chantries, 
 and an abbey creeled on ? piece of 
 ground cr.ccmp.iicj with ilu- r. Ar-
 
 A U 
 
 TO 
 
 A X 
 
 the Es. of Anglefea; and Aunfley- 
 Woodhoufc, a hitnlet belonging to 
 it; which was in the poireflion of 
 William Ford, in the R. of Edward 
 IV. belonged to the late D. of 
 Newcaftle, if it does not to the pre- 
 fcnt. 
 
 AUST, (Gloti.) a hamlet, which 
 is a chapel to Henbuiy, though 'tis 
 8 m. from the Ch. and 10 m. above 
 Briftol ; is a dirty village among the 
 fah-marihes by the Severn-fide, only 
 frequented for its ferries over that r. 
 to Bleachly, at the mouth of the 
 Wye j tho' 'tis not near fo much 
 ufed as formerly, fir.ce the efiablifli- 
 m-nt of that called the New-pafTage, 
 i m. and a half lower down, which 
 ia reckoned much the fafeft. It was 
 formerly called Auft-Clive, from its 
 fituation on a cliff, and the manor 
 was fettled a good while in the fami- 
 ly of the Capels, till they fold it to 
 Sir Samuel Attry, by whofe daughter 
 it palled to the Randals ; and from 
 the latter it came to the Veels. Mr. 
 Camden remarks, that this was the 
 place from whence K. Edwaid the 
 elder palfed over to hold a conference 
 with Llewellin Prince of Wales. 
 
 AUSTREY, (Urartu.) not 2 m. 
 from Bramcote, to the N. E. to- 
 wards Stafford/hire. The manor was 
 granted by Henry VIII. to Sir Wil- 
 liam, afterwards created Ld. Paget 
 of Beaudefert, who fold it to the 
 Brcretons. 
 
 AWFOI. D, (Surry) on the b, of 
 SuiTex, 7 m. E. of Hailemere. It 
 has nothing memorable but certain 
 infcriptions in its Ch. yard for French- 
 men, who, upon the maiTacre in Franc;, 
 came to Er.gb;:d fcr refuge, let up a 
 houfe here for making glafs, and 
 were here buried. 
 
 AVVLBY, or AULDBY, (Tcrkjk. 
 W. R.) 7 m. from York, ftands'cn 
 the r. Derwent, and from remains of 
 antiquity, often found he.e, rs \veil 
 as the rubbi/h of an old caftle on the 
 top of an hill towards the r. 'Tis 
 fuppofed to be the Deventio,a Roman 
 ftation, mentioned by Antoninus, in 
 his itinerary. 
 
 (3?" AXBRIDGE, (Son ) ' m. 
 from Wells, 105 cm. and 13. i im. 
 from London. It's a Bor. undc. Icn- 
 dip-hills, near the Chedder-c' I > 
 called from the r. Axe, by wh: : it 
 is water' d about 7 m.from its mouth. 
 'Tis a neat little T. and is gove.nrJ 
 by a mayor, bailiff, recorder, town- 
 clerk, &c. The mayor has 2 ma;es 
 carried before him, one by a ferje- 
 ant, and the other by a perfoa ap- 
 
 rted by the bailiff. It former- 
 lent members to Pt. and be- 
 fore the Ref. had a chantry. The 
 charters, eftablifhing its Corp. were 
 granted by K. Hen. VIII. and Q., 
 Eliz. and confirmed by K. James l7" 
 It has an Aim. endowed, and Fairs 
 on Feb. 2, Mar 25, and JUKS n. 
 Mt. on Th. Teazles, as they call the 
 thirties ufed in the Woollen-Mf. are 
 more cultivated here than in any 
 other part of England. 
 
 Ax E Y, (Line.) the chief T. of the 
 ifle of Axholme, where is to be feen 
 the platform of a caftle, which bel, 
 to the Mowbrays, but was demoliiti- 
 ed in the Barons wars. 
 
 AXHOLM,(L/;.'C.) is a river-ifland, 
 in the N. W. part of the Co. formed 
 by the Trent, Idle, Dun, and other 
 TO. that encompnfs it. 'Tis about 
 10 m. long, 4 broad, and 20 in ccm- 
 pafs, and yields alabailer, and flax, 
 and a fweet-icentcd ihrub, called gall. 
 Petts, and the dead roots of fir-trees, 
 arc alfo found here. The Mowbrays, 
 and after them, viz.. in the fixteenth. 
 century, the Ld. Sheffield had great 
 part of this ifland in their pofleffion. 
 
 K| Ax M i s T E R , ( D.-I-. ) on 
 the b. of Srmer. and Dorfet. 119 
 cm. and 146 mm. from London, 
 from which it lies in the road to Ex- 
 eter, which is 22 m. off. Tis a 
 healthy, clean, confiderable T. It 
 has one part of its name from the r. 
 Axe, en which it ftands, and the 
 other from a mincer, erefled here 
 by K. Athelfhm for feven priefts to 
 pray for the departed fouls cf ft me 
 perfons buried here, who were killed 
 in his army, when he defeated the 
 Danes at the bloody battle in a 
 D neigh.
 
 A X 
 
 neighbouring field, which, to this 
 day, is called King's-field. This T. 
 drives a linail trade in kerfeys, drug- 
 gets, and other articles of the woollen 
 jVIf. and 'tis well lupplied with fifh 
 from Lyme, Axmouth, and other 
 coaft Ts. in its neighbourhood. Its 
 Fairs are on April 25, June 24, and 
 theM. after Micb.Ut. on S. K. John 
 gave this manor to the Ld. William 
 Brewer, who got the grant for its 
 Mt. and its Midfuntrmr Fair. From 
 him it defcended'by an heirefs to the 
 Ld. Mohun of D'jnfter, who gave it 
 to the abbey he had built at Newen- 
 ham, in Gloceft. Co. 
 
 AXMOUTH, ( Devon. ) on the 
 coaft bet. Lyme and Sidmouth, in 
 the road from Exeter to Dorchefter, 
 now the feat of Sir John Colletcn, 
 Et. has a large fair bay, which, in 
 former times, was a good flicker for 
 fhips j but being given to the monks 
 of Sion - abbey, it had been fo ne- 
 glected when K. Henry VIII. gave 
 it to his fervant, Walter Earl, Eiqj 
 whofe pofterity do now, or did very 
 lately enjoy it, that it was quite 
 f poiled, and all attempts made to re- 
 cover it have proved in vain. 
 
 AYDON, or HEYDON-BRIDGE, 
 (Nortbumb.) 5 m. W. of Hexham, 
 was the Lp. of Anthony Lucy of 
 Cockermouth, in the R. of Edw. II. 
 who granted him a charter for a 
 weekly Mt. on Tuefday, and a Fair 
 on July -2. i, and 3 days after. There 
 is a bridge here over the S. Tyne. 
 
 AYLBURTON, ( Glouc. ) on the 
 \V. bank of the Severn, oppofite to 
 Berkley, was formerly the manor of 
 the Herpetrees, Gourneys, and Berk- 
 leys, and lately in the heirs of Sir 
 Robert Woodruffe. It is a chapel to 
 to the Ch. of Lydney. 
 
 AYLESFORD, (Kent) on the r. 
 Medway, 4 m. to the N. of Maid- 
 flon, 6 S. of Rochefter, and 28 
 from London, is the feat of the Noble 
 Ld. to whom it gives title of earl. 
 The p. is divided by the r. The N. 
 part, where the Ch. (lands, in anci- 
 cat denjeiiie, and has a conftable of 
 
 A Y 
 
 itfelf. TheS. part, which contains 
 the manors of Prefton and Milhale,was 
 given by K. H. I. to the Ch. of Ro- 
 chefter. The manor of Aylesford 
 (except the ancient demeihe, which 
 was in the crown) was the inheritance 
 of Ofbert Gipford, in the R. of K. 
 John, and from his family it pafied 
 to Ld. Grey of Codnor; but who 
 were his fucceflbrs in it we know not, 
 nor any thing more of his Lp. than 
 that he founded a mon. in Aylesford- 
 wocd, which, after the Ref. was giv- 
 en to Sir Tho. Wyat, whofe fon for. 
 feiting it to the crown by his rebellion 
 againft Q^Mary, Q^Eliz. gave it to 
 Mr. Sidley, whofe brother, Sir Will, 
 erected a bridge, and an Hof. here in 
 1607, for fix poor people, each to be 
 allowed 10 /. a year. Here is alfo a 
 ch. f. and a Fair the zgth of June, 
 Near this place, under the fide of a 
 hill, is a heap of ftcne, refembling 
 Stone - henge, on Saliflmry - plain. 
 The common people call it Keith- 
 coty houfe. 
 
 AY LEST ON, (War.) in the p. of 
 Atherfton, near the Avon, formerly 
 bel. to the abbey at Gloucefter, but 
 remained in the crown after the dif- 
 folution, till Q^Eliz. gave it to Mr, 
 Raiusford of Clifford, in Gloucefter- 
 fhire, in whofe family it was about a 
 hundred years ago, if it be not ftill. 
 
 AYLMOUTH, ( Nor thumb. ) fo 
 called from its being at the mouth of 
 the r. Alne, 4m. E. of Alnewick ; 
 was one of the forfeited eftates of 
 Hen. Earl of Northumberland, which 
 Edw. IV. fettled on his brother the 
 D. of Clarence, for the better fup . 
 port of his dignity of Ld. Lieutenant 
 of Ireland. It's faid the bones of gi- 
 ants are often dug up on the fhore of 
 the r. near this town. 
 
 AY NO on the Hill, (Ncrtbamf>.\ 
 in the Angle of the Co. next to Oxt. 
 near the r. Charwell. In the R. of 
 Edward II. John de Clavering ob- 
 tained a charter for a Mt. on Tu. and 
 a Fair at Michaelmas j but both have 
 been long difufed. In the R. of Hen. 
 IV. it was the eftate of Reginald Ld. 
 Cob*
 
 A Y 
 
 B A 
 
 Cobham, and remained in his family 
 till John Ld. Cobham gave his whole 
 eftate, after his deceafe, to K. Edw. 
 III. The Hof. of St James or St. 
 John, in this place, with all its eftate, 
 was given by John Fitz- Alan, Earl of 
 Arundel, to Magdalen-college, Oxf. 
 in the R. of "Richard III. John 
 Cartwright, Efq; of this Town 
 ( vvhofe defcendant, the late Thomas 
 Cartwright, Efq; Kt. of the /hire in 
 thirteen fuccefiive Pts. had a feat 
 here) gave 10 / a year, payable out 
 of an eftate at Bloxham in Oxfordfh. 
 to the ufe of Brazen-nofe-collef:e, 
 Oxf. for the fubfiftance of two fcho- 
 Jars born in this /hire, Chelh. and 
 Oxf. but efpecially to be chofen 
 from the publick grammar-fchool, 
 which he founded in this T. cr from 
 Budworth or Wrenbury in Che/hire. 
 Hereisalfoach.f. 
 
 AYS TON, (Rut!.) near Upping- 
 ham-parkj was in the R. of K. Ed- 
 ward I. in the family of Sir Will. 
 Murdon ; after which it came by 
 marriage to that of Boyville, and 
 thence it paffed alfo by marriage to 
 Thomas Reftwold ; but, of late, it 
 came to the family of George Bru- 
 denel, Earl of Cardigan, which has 
 a feat here. 
 
 B A 
 
 BABINGLEY, or BABURGH- 
 LEY, (Norf.) upon the fliore of 
 Lynn-deep, famous for the landing of 
 Felix the Apoftle of the E. Angles, 
 to convert the inh. to chriftianity. 
 
 BAB WORTH, (Nott.) near Red- 
 ford. The Saundby family were an- 
 cienty Lds. of the manor, from which 
 it pa(Ted through the Swillingtons to 
 that of Grendon, \vhofe heirs fold 
 it to Sir William Treffebut 5 Sir Ro- 
 bert, his defcendant, fold it to Sir 
 Richard Willoughby of Wollaton. 
 In the R. of Q^ Eliz. Rich. Wort- 
 ley is fuppofed to have been Ld. of 
 it, and, not long ago, it was pur- 
 chafed by Sir Gervafe EJwis, 
 
 BADBY, (Nortbamp.} bet. Catef- 
 by and Daventry, bel. formerly to 
 the abbey of Crowland ; and in that 
 part of the Lp. towards Catefby, is 
 a Roman encampment, called Arbu- 
 ry, on the top of one of the highefi 
 hills in this Co. 
 
 BADDOW Great, (EJJcx) near 
 Chelmsford, had anciently a family 
 of the fame name, whereof was Dr. 
 Richard de Baddow, the founder of 
 Univerfity, now Chare-hall, in Cam- 
 bridge, 'it was lately the eftate of 
 the Pafchnls, and the feat of Ralph 
 Vernsy, Efq; 
 
 BADOESLEY-CLJNTON, (War.) 
 2 m. W. of Wrox-hall ; had its 
 name from the Clintons, its anci- 
 ent Lds. from whom it paffed to 
 Dudley, the mayor of Coventry, in 
 the R. of Henry IV. and afterwards 
 to Robert Catefby, and to Bromi:, 
 who was undcr-treafurer of the Ex- 
 chequer in the R. of Henry VI, 
 From his family it came by marri- 
 age to that of the Ferrers. 
 
 BADGESLE Y-ENSOR, {Warv.\} 
 bet. Allerfton and Whatley ; had its 
 name from a family to which it an- 
 ciently bel. From the Enfors it 
 paffed through thofe of Herthull and 
 Cockayn to Francis Leving, Efq, 
 
 BADGEWORTH, 4m. N. E.from 
 Glocefter, in the road to Cheltenham, 
 and half a m. from the London road, 
 near a r. that runs into the Severn, 
 is noted for great quantities of Bar- 
 ley produced in its neighbourhood, 
 and was lately the feat and manor of 
 Charles Hyet, Efq; 
 
 BA D L ES M ER E,(AT!Tc)not far S. of 
 Fever/ham, in the road to Wye, an- 
 ciently bel. to a family who took 
 their name and title from it, one of 
 whom, in the R. of Edward III. 
 ere&ed a mon. here. It went after- 
 wards, by marriage, to the Veres, 
 Es. of Oxford. K. Ken. VIII. gave 
 it to Sir Robert Southwell, who fold 
 it to Sir Anthony Aucher ; after 
 which it paffed, by marriage to Sir 
 Humphry Gilbert, who fold it to 
 Sir Michael Sands, in wLofc fami- 
 D z ly
 
 B A 
 
 B A 
 
 Iy it was net long ago, if it be not 
 row. 
 
 BADLEY, (Su/.) near Needham, 
 \vas the Lp. of Edmund Alccck, 
 Ifqj from whom it came by marri- 
 age into the family of Simon Poley. 
 
 BADMINTON, ( Gloc . ) Magna 
 & Pari-a, have a chapel of eafe to 
 Hawkesbury, and lie on the b. of 
 Wilts, 3 m. to the N. E. of Chip- 
 ping - Sodbury and Wickwar, 1 5 
 from Gloceller, and 85 from Lon- 
 don. The p. is 6 m. in compafs. 
 It was the Botelers manor and feat 
 for near 400 Years, till one of them 
 fold it to Somerfet E. of Worcefter, 
 whofe posterity have ever fince en- 
 ioyed it with the title of D's. of 
 Beaufort. Henry the late D. made 
 fuch additions to it that it is thought 
 one of the compleateft feats in the 
 Km. and when K. William pafled 
 this way, he faid to the D. he did 
 not wonder that he never came to 
 court, fince he had fo (lately a palace 
 of his own to keep his court in. At 
 JDudminton Magna is a ch. f. 
 
 BAGGING TON, (Wariv.) 4 m. 
 S. E. from Coventry, is a Lp. which, 
 before the Ref. was fettled by Rich. 
 N;-viI, E. of Salifbury, on the dean 
 and chapter of the collegiate Ch. of 
 Warwick; but after it, K. Henry 
 VIII. granted it to Francis Goodere 
 of London, Gent, and his heirs, one 
 of whom fold it in the R. of James I. 
 to Sir Henry Rainsford, who fold it 
 to William Bromley, Efq; the an- 
 ceflor of the prefentLd. of the manor, 
 who, maintains a ch. f. for all the 
 poor children here. 
 
 BAGNALL-CHAPEL, (Stafford.) 
 near Hilton-abbey, and the fcurce of 
 the Trent, was heretofore the Lp. 
 cf, a then confiderable family in 
 this Co. who took their names from 
 it. The Greenaways, another anci- 
 ent family of gentry, had a feat here, 
 which ftill retains their name. 
 
 BAGSHOT, (Surry) bet. Stains 
 and Hartley-row) 7 m. from Wind- 
 for, and 23 cm. and 29 mm. from 
 London. It has one or two good 
 
 inns, but is mofl famous for its mut- 
 ton, the fheep killed by the butchers 
 here being generally brought from 
 the downs of Hampfhire. It was 
 formerly called Holy-hall, and was 
 the Lp. of our Ks. who had a houfe 
 here and a park, which was laid o- 
 pen after the civil-wars. K. James 
 andK. Ch. I. often came hither to 
 hunt. Bagfliot-heath is a barren de- 
 fert, with nothing but Furze, ex- 
 tending for a great many rns. in 
 Berk/hire and Hamp/hire. The D. 
 of Roxburgh, the E. of Arraa, &c. 
 have feats on it. 
 
 BAINT-BRIG, ( Ttr*, N. R. ) 
 where the r. Ure receives the Baint, 
 near Swalefdale-foreft j has fome re- 
 mains of a Roman-garrifon, on the 
 hill called Burgh, where a ftatue of 
 the Emp. Aurelius Commocus was 
 dug up not very long ago j and it 
 had once a chantry. 
 
 fc3* BAKEWEL, (Derb.) the beft 
 T. on the N. W. fide of the Peak, 
 ftands 1 14 m. from London, on the 
 Wye, near its influx into the Der- 
 went. It is a large T. with feven 
 chapels, though but one Ch. which 
 is a peculiar exempt from epifcopal 
 jurifdidlion. It is fuppofed to have 
 been a Roman T. becaufe of altars 
 dug up near it fome years ago at 
 Haddon-houfe, anciently the feat of 
 the Vernons, and fince of the Ds. of 
 Rutland. Its Mt. is on M. and 
 chiefly for lead, and its Fairs are 
 Feb. 27, Aug. 15, Sept. 21. 
 
 BALDERTON, (Nctt.") near New- 
 ark, in the London-road, was the 
 eftate of the Bufiys, a family that 
 came over with William the Conq. 
 but in the R. of Q^EIiz. the heirefs 
 carried it by marriage to the Meers's 
 of Lincolnfhire, who fold it to Giles 
 Fofter, whofe heir fold it to James 
 Leeke, and his heir fold it to Mr. 
 Lafcelles, of Elfton. The cure of 
 this p. and that of Faringdon, is 
 ferved by one vicar, and the tithes of 
 both bei. to the prebendary of Bal- 
 derton, 
 
 SAL-
 
 B A 
 
 B A 
 
 fc^> BAI.DOCK, (Hartf.) a pretty 
 large T. bet. hills, on the old Roman 
 way, called the Ikening-Street, 9 m. 
 from Barkway, 29 cm. and 38 mm. 
 from London ; from which it lies in 
 the road to Oakham and St. Neots. 
 In the R. of K. Steph. the E. of 
 Pembroke fettled it on the Kts. 
 Templars ; and here was formerly a 
 chantry, but on the Ref. it fell to the 
 crown. Here is a large handfomeCh. 
 with three chancels, and an excellent 
 ring of fix bells. Mr. John Winne, 
 gave 1 1000 /. to build 6 aim. here, 
 and to purchafe lands to raife an an- 
 nuity of 40 s. a piece to every cne 
 fettled in it. The T. ftands in a 
 chalky foil fit for corn ; and as there 
 are many maltfters here, it has a cen- 
 fiderable Mt. on Tb. both for corn 
 and malt. Its Fairs are Febr. 24, 
 July 23, Sept. 21, Nov. 29. 
 
 BALLES, (Hartf.) in the hamlet 
 of Little Am well, a noble feat, fo 
 called at firft from its owner (in the 
 R. of Edw. I.) one of the burgeffes 
 of Hertford. From him it patted to 
 William Hendmarfh.by whofe daugh- 
 ter it went to Richard Willis, Efq; 
 of Horningfey in Cambridgefhire 5 
 but his fon fold it to Sir John Hcrri- 
 fori, in whofe family it has remained 
 ever fmce, and was the retirement 
 of governor Harrifon from Fort St. 
 George in the Eaft-Indies. 
 
 BALEHALL, (Wano.) a little to 
 the W. of Coventry, near theQueen's 
 Park, bel. formerly to the Kts. Tem- 
 plars, who obtained a Mt. for it, and 
 2 yearly Fairs j and afterwards to the 
 Kts.ofSt.TohnofJerufalem: While 
 the Templars had it, the tenants of 
 this manor could not marry their 
 daughters without their confent. At 
 the Ref. K. Hen. VIII. afligned it 
 for the dowry of Q._Cath. and in the 
 R. of Edw. VI. it was granted to the 
 D. of Somerfet, and his heirs ; but 
 upon his attainder, it was given to 
 Dudley, E. of Warwick} who being 
 alfo attainted in the next R. QJVIary 
 gave it to Edward, Ld. Dudley, and 
 his heirs, but he furrendred it back 
 
 to the crown: Q^Eliz. pafied it to 
 Robert Dudley, E. of Leicefrer,whofe 
 daughter, the Lady Catherine Ltvi- 
 fon, appointed a hof. to be creeled 
 here, out of the revenues of this ma- 
 nor, for 20 poor widows of this, or 
 the p. of Long Itchington, each of 
 them to have 8 /. a year, and a gown 
 of grey cloth ,- and 20 /. a year to a 
 minifter to read prayers every day 
 in the hof. and teach 20 childten. 
 
 B A L SHALL, (York, W.R.) near 
 the conflux of the Ribble and the 
 Hodder, to the E. of Raddon-Park, 
 was the ancient feat of the Talbots 
 family (of which there is ftill faid to 
 be a branch in Lanca/hire) not at all 
 related to the Es. of Shrewsbury. 
 
 (^j* BAMFTON,or BAUNTON, 
 as it is commonly called, for BA- 
 THAMPTON, (Devon.) ftands on a 
 branch of the r. Ex, in a bottom, en- 
 compafTed with hills, 17 cm. and 21 
 mm. from Exeter, 13 cm. and 17 mm. 
 from Minhead, and 134 cm. and 160 
 mm. from London. It was formerly 
 the eftate of the Cogans, an Iriih fa- 
 mily j from wh:m it defcended by 
 the Hancfords and Fitz-Warins to the 
 Bourchiers, Es. of Bath, of whofe fa- 
 mily feveral are intombed in its large 
 Ch. It formerly fent members to 
 Pt. and had a chantry. The T. is 
 governed by a portreeve,and had here- 
 tofore a Mt. alfo on W. Its Fairs are 
 on TVblt- e ructday ) and St. Luke's-dav. 
 Mt. on 5. 
 
 3=> BAMPTON, (Oxf.) on ther. 
 Ifis, where it is navigable by boats. 
 It ftands on the b. of Berkfliire, 5 m. 
 from Burford, lorn, from Oxford, 
 and 56cm. and 66mm. from Lon- 
 don, and is faid to have been a place 
 of good repute, even before the con- 
 queft. Its Mt. on W, is noted for 
 fell-mongers wares, no T. in England 
 having fuch a trade for leather Jacft- 
 ets, gloves, breeches, ftockingsj &V. 
 brought hither in great quantities 
 from Whitney, and bought up for the 
 p.-afants of Berks, Wilts, and Dorfet. 
 Its Fair is Aug. 15. The vicandge 
 here is divided into three parts, and
 
 B A 
 
 B A 
 
 it has a ch. f. for 20 poor children of 
 the two neighbouring villages, Afton 
 and Coat. The manor of th is T. was 
 anciently the eftate of Audemare de 
 Valence, E. of Pembroke, who dy- 
 ing without iilue, it pafled, by a 
 daughter of John Comyn of Bade- 
 nagh, to Richard, Ld. Talbot, in the 
 R. of Edw. III. and his pofterity en- 
 joyed it, 'till the R. of Hen. 5. when, 
 en the failure of iflue, it pafled to Sir 
 John Talbot. In the R. of Edw.IV. 
 it was in the family of the Molins and 
 Hungerfords ; but the latter having 
 forfeited It, by fiding with the Lan- 
 cafterians, that K. difpofed of it to 
 John, Ld. Wenlock. The family of 
 the^Wocds in this place are reported 
 to'riear a great knocking always be- 
 fore any of them die. 
 
 # BANBURY, (Ox/.) on the r. 
 Charwel, and the edge of Northamp- 
 tonfliire,in the road from Buckingham 
 to Bridgnorth, 17 m, from Oxford, 
 57 cm. and 77 mm. from London. A 
 caftle was built here, Anno 1125, by 
 the Bp. of Lincoln, then Ld. of the 
 manor, which Hen. VII. gave to Jaf- 
 per, E. of Pembroke, whom he alfo 
 created D. of Bedford. In the ift of 
 Q^Mary it was made a bor. conMing 
 cf a bailiff, 12 aid. and 12 burgefies. 
 In the R. of James I. it was made a 
 mayor T. with 12 aid. and 6 capital 
 turgefTes ; snd, in 1718, it had a new 
 charter from his late Majefty, with 
 the ftyle of mayor, aid. and capital 
 burgeffes. It is now governed by a 
 mayor, high-fleward, recorder, 6 ca- 
 pital burgeffes, and 30 afliftants, a 
 town-clerk, and 2 ferjeants at mace. 
 It has a fine large Ch. a fr. f. 2 ch. f, 
 and a work-houfe. There is fuch 
 good land hereabouts, efpecially rich 
 failure, that it was famous, even in 
 Camden's time, for good cheefe, as it 
 is now alfo for cakes and ale ; and in 
 the ploughed fields near it are often 
 found coins of the Roman emperors. 
 Kere is held in the Mt. at fet times 
 ef the year, that which in other pla- 
 ces is called a ftatute for hiring fer- 
 actSj but here a mop. Its Fairs are 
 
 on Iloly-TL. Aug. i, and Corpus 
 Chrifti-day, befides the two following 
 for horfes, iiix. the Tb. after Epipb. 
 and the firft Tb. in Lent . Mt. on Tb. 
 This T. gives title of E. to the Ld. 
 Vifc. Wallingford. The T. includ- 
 ing 6 hamlets bel. to it, contains about 
 700 houfes ; and it has 2 meeting- 
 houfes, here being more difienters, 
 than in any T. of the Co. Here was 
 formerly a popiih chantry. The py- 
 rites-aureus, or golden fire-ftone is 
 found here in great plenty, in digging 
 of wells. 
 
 BANSTED, (Stirry,) bet. Dark- 
 ing and Croydon, not far from Car- 
 ftidton and Epfom-Wells, is a village 
 noted for abundance of v alnut-trees, 
 but more for its neighbouring Dov.ns, 
 one of the moft delightful fpots in 
 England ; ift, by reafon of its fine 
 carpet-ground, covered with a fhort 
 herbage, perfumed with thyme and 
 juniper, which makes the mutton of 
 this tract, though fmall, very fwect ; 
 adly, for the pretty feats around it ; 
 and 3dly, for its pl'eafant profpect of 
 feveral Cos. on both lides of the 
 Thamer, including a view of the 
 royal palaces of Windfor and Han.>p- 
 ton-Court, and alfo of London, from 
 the tower to Welrminfter, it being a 
 tract of no lefs than 30 m. extend.ng 
 from Croydon to Farnham, though 
 under different appellations. The 
 foil, being for moft part a fort of chalk 
 mixed with flints and fand, is dry focn 
 after rain. There is a four miles 
 courfe on them, which, in the feafon 
 of horfe-races, is much frequented, as 
 all the Downs are, throughout the 
 whole fummer, for their wholfome 
 air. The manor cf this village an- 
 ciently bel. to Gilbert, E. of Clare, 
 who gave it with his daughter to Ro- 
 ger de Mowbray, who, with her con- 
 fent, gave the whole tythe to the pri- 
 ory of St. Mary Overy's, in South- 
 wark. The manor was, in the R. of 
 K. John, or Ken. III. alienated to 
 Hubert de Burgh, E. of Kent j and, 
 to this day, the people here ftiew the 
 remains cf his cellars in a fit, in a 
 field
 
 B A 
 
 B A 
 
 field at the E, end of the Church- 
 yard. 
 
 BANTON, (/^w.Jonther.Low- 
 ther, or Loder, a little to the S. W. 
 of Shap j where is a good fr. f. built 
 and endowed by Dr. Thomas Sutton, 
 a native, about the year 1620. He 
 uas a lecturer of St. Helen's, at A- 
 bington in Berks, which he exchanged 
 for St. Saviour's, Southwark. 
 
 BAPCHILD, (Kent,} bet. Sitting- 
 bourn and Offspring, \vhere, in the 
 Saxons time, a fynod was held, and 
 where are the ruins of two old Chs. 
 or chapels, befides the p. Ch. 
 
 BAPTHORP, (York, E.R.) _ on the 
 DiTvvent, near its conflux with the 
 Oufe, was the feat of a family of Kts. 
 of the fame name, famous in the R. 
 of Hen. VI. 
 
 BAFT ON, {Wilt!,.} on the r. Wil- 
 lyburn, near Badhampton, was an 
 eftate, which came to Edward, Ld. 
 Haftings, in the R. of Edw. IV. by 
 marriage with Lady Hungerford. 
 
 BAR, Magna & Par-va, (Staff".) 
 near Walfall, are 2 manors, which 
 were formerly the Somerys 5 and in 
 the R. of Rich. II. they belonged to 
 Thomas Beauchamp, E. of Warwick, 
 who forfeiting them by rebellion, 
 they were granted to John de Beau- 
 fort, Marquifs of Somerfet, and his 
 heir?. 
 
 BARBURY-HILL and CASTLE, 
 (#7/,) a little to the W. of Ogborn 
 St. George, and not far from Marl- 
 borough-Downs. The caftle flood on 
 the hill, and there are feveral burrows 
 en the adjacent plain, a fign that fome 
 great battle was formerly fought there, 
 fuppofed to be that bet. Kenrick, K. 
 of the W. Saxons, and the Britons, 
 in 536. 
 
 BARCHESTON, (JVariu."] a pretty 
 village on the banks of the Stour, near 
 Shipton, which bel. formerly to the 
 Whitacres, and in the R. of Hen.VJ. 
 to theDurants, whofe family held it, 
 for fevers! fuccefilons, 'till one of 
 them fold it in the next R. to William 
 Willington, of a Gloucefterfhire fa- 
 nail)-, a rich merchant of the Staple j 
 
 with one of whofe daughters, it went, 
 by marriaee, to Mr. Shelden. 
 
 BARDEN-TOWER, (n/^W.R.) 
 near Barden-Chace and the r. Wharf, 
 bel. in 1607 to the E, of Cumberland, 
 and afterwards to the E. of Thanet, 
 who married the heirefs of that fa- 
 mily. 
 
 BARDFIELD-MAGNA, (Ejfex,) 
 near Thaxced, had formerly a chan- 
 try, but Q._Eliz. granted the manor 
 to Edward Wymark. 'Tis now the 
 feat of Sir James Lumley, Bart. 
 
 BARDNEY, (Line.) on the r. Wy- 
 tham, near Wragby, bet. Lincoln and 
 Horncaftle, had once a famous mon. 
 in which K. Ofwald was buried. 
 
 BAR? ORD, near Warwick, on the 
 S. fide of the Avon, over which it has 
 a ftone bridge. Its family, who were 
 Lds. of it for three or four fuccef- 
 fions, took their furname from it. It 
 went, by marriage, from them to the 
 Nasfords, and afterwards it pafled to 
 the Es. of Warwick. 
 
 BARGHAM, (Stiff.) at the fource 
 of a r. that runs into the Oufe, al- 
 moft oppofite to Thetford, bel. for- 
 merly to the priory of Ely. In the 
 Ch. lies interred Helena, the only 
 daughter and heirefs of Thomas Lit- 
 tle of Bray in Berks, the wife of EJ- 
 ward Bacon (the third fon of Sir Ni- 
 cholas Bacon, Ld. -keeper) who had 
 19 fons, and 13 daughters, and lived 
 to near 82 years of age. 
 
 83* BARKING, (Eff'tx,) 8 cm. 
 and 10 mm. from London, on a creek 
 that leads to the Thames, from 
 whence goods are brought up in vef- 
 fels to its quay. It bel. formerly to 
 its nunnery, which was the richeft 
 and oldeft in England, being founded 
 by a fon of Offa, K. of theE. Saxons, 
 An. 63o. The Danes deftroyed it in 
 870, but it was rebuilt, when the 
 Conqueror retired hither, foon after 
 his coronation, 'till he had erefted 
 forts in London to awe the citizens. 
 K . Ja. I. fold the manor to Sir Thomas 
 Fanfhaw, but the late Sir William 
 Humphreys, Bart, was the laft Ld. 
 of that manor, As the abbefs was 
 lady
 
 B A 
 
 B A 
 
 lady paramount of all the manors in the 
 H.'of Becontree, the Lds. of this ma- 
 nor have been fo everfince, and have 
 enjoyed great priviledges and profits 
 in'it. The T. is chiefly inhabited by 
 fiihermen, whofe fmacks lie at the 
 mouth of the creek in the Thames, 
 from whence their fi/h is fent up in 
 boats to Billingfgate. The p. is large, 
 and fo much improved, by lands got 
 out of the Thames, and Barking r. 
 Rcthing, on the W. fide of it, that 
 the great and fmall tithes are com- 
 puted at above 600 /. a year. It has 
 2 chapels of eafe, one at Ilford, and 
 another on the fide of Epping-Foreft, 
 called new-chapel. The Fair here is 
 Ofl. 9. Mt. on S. A little beyond 
 the T. towards Dagenham, flood a 
 great old houfe, where the gunpowder 
 treafon is faid to have been contrived. 
 
 {f^> BARKWAY, (Hartf.) 3111. 
 from Royfton, 15 from Cambridge, 
 32 cm. and 35mm. from London, in 
 the H. of Edwinftree, of which the 
 E. ofEffex is proprietor, is a popu- 
 lous, flourifhing T. being a confide- 
 rable thoroughfare, in the road to 
 Lynn in Norfolk, with feveral good 
 inr.s ; and the Ch. has a chapel of 
 eafe, about i m. off. There were 8 
 feveral manors here, formerly bel. to 
 different owners, but they were 
 all, not long ago, in the hands of 
 Mr. Chefter. Mt. on F. 
 
 BARLEY, (Hanf.) a or 3 m. be- 
 yond Bark way, in the iame road. The 
 manor was granted, byK.Edw.III. to 
 Henry, D. of Lancafter ; from whofe 
 family it came firft to William Mar- 
 tin, and then to the Hores, and af- 
 terwards to the Spencers. Here is a 
 fr. f. 
 
 BAR MB Y on the Moor, (Nott.} 
 a hamlet of Blithe, formerly bel. to 
 a family of the fame name ; and now 
 a famous baiting-place for the ftage- 
 conches bet. London and York. 
 
 BAR MUST ON, called alfo R/.R- 
 MYSTON and BARKZSTON,(^X) 
 is near Dunmow, and fuppofed to "have 
 been built by fome of the Berners fa- 
 mily, in the R. of Edw. I, from 
 
 it pa(Ted, after fome fuccefli- 
 ons, to Thomas de Woodftock. 6th 
 fon to Edw. III. after which, it being 
 forfeited to the crown, K. Hen.VIII. 
 gave it to Sir John Gate ; who alfo 
 forfeiting it to Q._Mary ; /he gave it 
 the Ld. Rich, in who'e family it re- 
 mained, 'till it was fold to Sir Wil- 
 liam Wylde, Bart, the judge, from 
 whom it came to his fon, Sir Felix. 
 
 BARNACK, (Nort'camp.") on the r. 
 Welland, bet. Maxey-Caftle and Bur- 
 leigh, above the place, where the 
 Roman way, called by the inh. the 
 Forty-foot Way,from its breadth, ap- 
 pears in a high caufey, efpecially by the 
 little wood of Barnack, where it has 
 a beacon fetupon the ridge of it, and 
 fo runs along by Burghley park-wall. 
 
 BARNARDISTOK, or BARON- 
 DISTON, (Suff.) from which the 
 Barnardifton family had their name, 
 lies 6 m. N. of Haverille. In the R. 
 of Edw. I. it was the Lp. of Margaret 
 de Willoughby, and afterwards of 
 Thomas da Woodftock, (mentioned 
 in Barnefton) E. of Buckingham and 
 D. of Glofrer, who endowed a col- 
 lege of priefts with it, which he foun- 
 ded at Plefliy in Effex ; of which, it 
 is fuppofed to have been held by the 
 Barnardiftons, who had their feat 
 here in the manor houfe, though it 
 was afterwards removed to Kedding- 
 ton in this H. 
 
 f^B AR N A R DVC A S T L t ,(Dar.) 
 
 185 cm. and 253 mm. from London, 
 ftands on the r. Tees, 15111. from 
 Richmond in York/hire, and takes its 
 name frfim its builder, Barnard Ba- 
 liol, great-grandfather to John Baliol, 
 K. of Scots. In the R. of Q._El)z. 
 Sir George Bowes, and his brother, 
 held it out eleven days, againft the re- 
 bels under the Es. of Northumberland 
 and Weftmorland, who were forced to 
 grant them an honourable capitulation. 
 In the R. of Edw. IV. the D. of Glcf- 
 ter (afterwards Rich. III.) ei-efted a 
 college here for a dean and canons ; 
 and in the fame R. a hof. was founded 
 here for a mafter and 3 poor women. 
 K. Will. III. advanced it to a Barony
 
 B A 
 
 B A 
 
 in the noble houfe of Vane. The T. 
 coafiits chiefly of one handlbme ftreet, 
 with lanes branching from it. The 
 mfs. of it are ftockings, bridles, and 
 belts : and here is the bell white-bread 
 in all this country. Its Fair is on 
 Julyzi. Mt. onjr. 
 
 BARNES, (Surry,) bet. Barn-Elms 
 and Mortlake, 5 m. from Kingston, 
 and 7 m. from London, is aJmoft en- 
 compafled by the Thames. The re- 
 giftcr of this p. begins Anno 1538. 
 The manor-houfe was formerly at 
 Barn -Elms. 
 
 B3 BARNESLEY, (ttr*,W._R.) 
 lom. from Doncafter and Wakefield, 
 and 136 cm. and 175 mm. from Lon- 
 don, in the road from thence to Rich- 
 mond. 'Trs about 5 furlongs in 
 length, on the fide of a hill. It 
 drives a confiderable trade in wire, 
 and hard wares made of iron and 
 fteel. The T. though it is well built 
 of ftone, is called Black-Barnefley ; 
 but whether from its forges, which 
 are continually fmoaking, or from 
 the neighbouring moors, which have 
 a footy afpedl, like black heath, is 
 not certain. Here is a Fair Sept . 14. 
 Mt. on W. 
 
 * BARNJSTAPLE, (Dc-vonjb.) 
 on the r. Taw, 30 m. N. of Exeter, 
 184 cm. and 194 mm. from London. 
 The name is compounded of Bar, 
 which, in the British language, is the 
 mouth of a r. and Staple, which, in 
 the Saxon, is a mart of trade. It had 
 walls formerly, with a cattle, the li- 
 berties of a city, and a haven, which 
 became at laft fo fhallow, though at 
 fpring tides the neighbouring fields 
 are overflowed, that moft of the trade 
 removed to Biddiford ; yet it has ftill 
 lome merchants, and a good trade to 
 America and to Ireland, from whence 
 it is an eftabli/hed port for* landing 
 wool ; and it imports more wine, and 
 dther merchandize, than Biddiford, 
 and is every whit as confiderable ; for 
 though its rival cures more fifh, it 
 does not drive fo great a trade with 
 the ierge-makers of Tiverton and Ex- 
 eter, who come up hither to buy fhad- 
 
 fiflj, wool, yarn, &c. This T. is 
 pleafantly fituated among hills, in the 
 form of a femi-circle, to which the r. 
 is a diameter, and has a fair ftone- 
 bridge over it of 16 arches, with a 
 paper-mill. The flrcrts are clean, and 
 well paved, and the houfes of ftone. 
 *Tis a mayor-T. (by charter of Qj__ 
 Mary) with 24 C.C. of whom 2 are 
 aid. befides a high-fteward, a recor- 
 der, his deputy, &c . It gives title to 
 one of the four archdeaconries of the 
 diocefe of Exeter, and is noted for 
 good ale. Here are 2 ch. f. and it 
 had formerly feveral popifli chantries, 
 and other religious houfes. Q. Mary 
 gave the manor of this T. to Thomas 
 Marrow of Warwickfhire, whofe fon 
 fold it to the Chichefters, the prefent 
 owners of it. It has fent burgefles 
 to Pt. ever fmce the 23d of Edw. I. 
 Its Fair begins Sept. 8, and lafts 4 
 days, toll free. Mt. on W. and 
 F. 
 
 (5> BARNET, (Hartf.) locm. 
 and 1 1 mm. from London, in the road 
 to St. Albans. 'Tis called High- 
 Barnet, from its fituation on a hill ; 
 and Chipping, or Cheaping-Barnet, 
 from the Mt. which was granted here, 
 by K. Hen. II. to the monks of St. 
 Albans, which is famous for cattle, 
 efpecially fwinc j and being a great 
 thoroughfare, 'tis well fupplied with 
 inns. After the dhTolution of abbeys 
 by K. Hen. VIII. Q^Mary granted 
 the manor to Anthony Butler, Elqj 
 whofe grandfon fold it to Sir John 
 Weld ; from whofe family it pafled 
 through divers hands to Sir Thomas 
 Cook, late an aid. of London. The 
 Ch. here is a chapel of eafe to the vil. 
 lageofEaft-Barnet. Here is an alms - 
 houfe, founded and endowed by James 
 Ravenfcroft, Efq; for 6 widows j and 
 a fr. f. founded by Q._Eliz. and en- 
 dowed partly by that Q._ and partly 
 by aid. Owen of London, whofe ad- 
 ditional endowment is paid by the 
 fi/hmcngers company, who appoint 
 24 governors j by whom the mafter 
 and ufher are chofe to teach 7 chil- 
 dren., gratis, and all the reft of the p, 
 
 fa
 
 B A 
 
 B A 
 
 for 5 s. a quarter. The Fairs here are 
 yune 24, Oft. 18. Mt. on M. 
 
 BARRET-EAST, (Hart.) aplea- 
 fant village, near Whetftone and En- 
 field-Chace, was formerly frequented 
 for its medicinal fpring, found out 
 near 100 years ago, in a neighbouring 
 common. TheCh. is mean, but the 
 redtory very beneficial ; and there is 
 a delightful feat here (Ld. Trevor's) 
 to which Q._Eliz. juftly gave the 
 name of Mount-Pleafant. 
 
 BARNINGHAM-NORTHWOOD, 
 and BARNHAM-WJNTER, (Norf.) 
 are z villages, a little to the W. of 
 Thurgarton, which have parted from 
 the Berninghams, the 6rft Lds. of it, 
 by the Hetherfels to the Palgraves ; 
 and it is now the feat of Sir Richard 
 Palgrave, Bart. 
 
 BARN WELL, near Cambridge, 
 where in the Normans time was an 
 abbey, fo called, fays Camden, from 
 the wells of children or beams, be- 
 caufe they ufed to meet here for fport, 
 on St. John's eve ; fo that it came at 
 -laft to be, what is now called Midfum- 
 rwrFair. This village was burnt down 
 in the year 1731 5 but a more deplo- 
 rable accident happened here 4 years 
 before, -vi. on the 8th of Sept. 1727, 
 which many good families have fad 
 caufe to remember. A multitude of 
 people being aifembied in a barn to 
 fee a puppet Ihew, it was fet on fire 
 by a villain who was denied admit- 
 tance ; and the fpedlators crowding 
 to the door, which was made faft, it 
 was fo long e're it was opened, and 
 efpecially as it turned inwards, that 
 the people tumbled over one another 
 in getting out ; and during this, the 
 roof fell in, by which numbers were 
 fmothered ; while the fire was burn- 
 ing many more : fo that not above 
 5 or 6 efcaped out of fix-fcore men, 
 women and children ; among whom 
 were feveral young gentlewomen 
 lof fortune, and many of the dead 
 were fo disfigured and mangled, that 
 they could not be diftinguifhed by 
 their friends, who came next day to 
 remove diem for interment, and 
 
 therefore they were promifcuoufly put 
 into a large hole dug for the purpefe 
 in the Ch.yard. 
 
 BARNWELL St. ANDREWS, 
 (Nortbawp.') not far to the S. E. from 
 Oundle, had, in Camden's time, a 
 caftle, which was beautified and aug- 
 mented by Sir Edward Montacute, 
 Knt. Divers Roman coins have been 
 dug up here formerly. Here is a 
 eh. f. 
 
 BAROUGHDON, (Rut!.") 4m, N. 
 E. of Haringworth, en the other fide 
 of the r. Weland. K. Hen. II. gave 
 this manor to William Mauduit, one 
 of whofe defendants was F. of War- 
 wick. In the R. of Edw. II. we 
 find it in the hands of the Colviles, 
 the Uffords, and of Thomas Beau- 
 champ, E. of Warwick, whofe heir 
 forfeited it ; and Rich. II . granted it 
 to Thomas Mowbray, D. of Norfolk, 
 but K. Hen. IV. reftored it to theE. 
 of Warwick. It came again after- 
 wards to the crown, and Edw. VI. 
 granted it, with other Lps. then cal- 
 led Warwick lands, to his fifter Eli- 
 zabeth, afterwards Q._ She had not 
 held it long, when it was demifed to 
 William Cecil, afterwards Ld. Bur- 
 leigh and his heirs, fo that it is now 
 the manor of the E. of Exeter. It 
 had formerly a Mt. and Fair granted 
 by Edw. III. but both long fin.ce dif- 
 ufed ; and in the popifh time here was 
 a chantry. 
 
 BARRINGTON Magr.a & Paw a, 
 (GIoc.) 2 villages feparated by the r. 
 Windrufh, near Burford. At the 
 former, which is on the N. fide of 
 it, is a quarry of free-ftone, fo noted 
 for its durablenefs, that much of it 
 has been ufed in Weftminfter-Abbey, 
 and the buildings at Woodftock. The 
 Ld. Talbot has a feat at one of 
 them. 
 
 BARROW, or BERK,(Uf.) partly 
 in the p. of Colefmore, was in the R. 
 of Edw.H. and afterwards, in the pof- 
 fefiion of the Colviles. In the 7th 
 of Q^Eliz. we find it in the Harring- 
 ton's family, in which it continued 
 'till the R. of K. James I. when it 
 appears
 
 B A 
 
 B A 
 
 appears that they held it of Thomas, 
 E. of Exeter, in loccage. 
 
 BARROWupon the Scare, or Stour, 
 (Lsic.) 4m. S. of Loughborough, lies 
 in a chalky foil, of which the beft 
 lime is made for durable building. It 
 bcl. anciently to the E. of Chefter ; 
 from whofe family it pafled through 
 feveral others to Sir Henry Erdington, 
 one of whofe defcendants being at- 
 tainted in the R. of Edw. IV. theK. 
 granted it to William, Ld. Haftings. 
 Here is a ch. f. 
 
 BARSTON, (Wariv.} on the r. 
 Blith, a little to the W. of Berkef- 
 well, of which p. 'tis a hamlet, was 
 formerly the eftate of the Kts. tem- 
 plars and hofpitallers ; but after the 
 ref. Q. Eliz. granted it to John Fiflier, 
 &c . It was a cuftom here anciently, 
 that the tenants could not marry their 
 daughters, nor fell any horfe-colts 
 foaled upon their lands, without con- 
 fent of the Ld. of the manor. Here 
 is a chapel, which has long fince been 
 annexed to the Ch. of Berkefwell, 
 the parkin whereof is to provide for 
 the cure. 
 
 BARTON, (Bedf.) 8m. beyond 
 Luton in the London road to Bed- 
 ford, is the feat of Mr, Welbourn, 
 and noted for a petrifying fpring. 
 
 {^> BARTON, (Line.) 35m. N. 
 of Lincoln, 30 S. E. of York, and 
 1 30 cm. and 163 mm. from London, 
 is a large ftraggling T. of mod note 
 for the horfe-ferry to Hull over the 
 Humber, which is 6 m. over, and 
 for the cock matches which are made 
 here fometimes with the people of 
 Axholm. The Fair is July 20. Mt. 
 onM. 
 
 BAR T o N in the ifle of Wight, i 
 m. from Cowes, has a fine profpecl: 
 of Portfmouth and Spithesd, and is 
 a manor held by leafe, renewable un- 
 der the colledge of Winchefter. 
 
 BARTON on the Heath, [War.} 
 near Long Compton, on the b. of 
 Oxfordshire and Glouceftedhire, bel. 
 formerly to the Berys and the Under- 
 hills j and in the R. of Jam. I. was 
 fold to Walter Overbuty, fon to Sir 
 
 Nicholas Overbury of Gloucester- 
 (hire. 
 
 BAR T ON upon Needwood, (Staf.) 
 fo called, by reafon of its fituation 
 upon that foreft near Whichnor, was 
 granted by the Conq. to William de 
 Somerville ; and by him to Henry 
 Ferrers, whofe pofterity were created 
 firft Es. Ferrers, and then of Darby ; 
 but it was forfeited to the crown, in 
 the Barons wars with Hen. III. Dr. 
 Tayler, mafter of the rolls to Hen. 
 VIII. built a neat chapel here, in the 
 form of Hen. the Vllth's at Weft, 
 minfter. 
 
 BARWELL, (Leic.) am. N. E. 
 of Hinckley, pafied through the hands 
 of Haflings, E. of Pembroke, Ld. 
 Grey of Ruthen, and Ld. Harring. 
 ton, 'till it came, in the beginning of 
 the laft century, to Sir William Ro- 
 berts of Button- Cheinell in this Co. 
 
 5Jc BAR wicjc,orBER WICK upon 
 Tweed, (Nortkumb .) 300 m. from 
 Dover, and 260 cm. and 3 39 mm. 
 from London, is both a T. and Co. of 
 it felf. 'Twas fortified with a caftle, 
 &c. now in ruins, and encompafied 
 with a wall, built by order of QJiliz. 
 except on the E. and S. E. where it 
 iswained bythefea, and on theS.W. 
 by the r. The place bel. formerly to 
 Scotland, was the capital of that ftill 
 called Berwick/hire, and one of the 
 four Ts. where the royal boroughs of 
 Scotland held their convention. Ever 
 fince K. Edw. I. firft took it from 
 the Scots, it has been feveral times 
 taken and retaken. It has been pof- 
 fefied by the Englilh, without diftur- 
 bance, ever fince the R. of Edw. IV. 
 'Twas incorporated by K. James I, 
 though it had feveral charters long 
 before, feme as ancient as the R. of 
 Hen. V. and it had formerly a mon. 
 Its language and laws are a mixture 
 of Scots and Englifh. It is a large, 
 well built, populous T. governed by 
 a mayor, recorder, 4 Bailiffs, and a 
 C.C. Corn, falmon, and moft other 
 provifions are fold very cheap at its 
 Mt. It has a fine Ch. a good Town . 
 houfe and exchange, and a beautiful
 
 
 B A 
 
 tridge, 300 yards long, with 1 6 ar- 
 ches over the Tweed, which was 
 built by Q._Eliz. and leads to the fub- 
 urb, Called Tweed-mouth, where is 
 another Ch. and bet. the town walls, 
 and its once ftately cattle, is another 
 fuburb, called Cattle-gate. Here is 
 a noble fishery of falmon, which are 
 carried on horfes to Shields, to be 
 cured, pickled, and then fent to Lon- 
 don, where they are cried as New- 
 caftle falmon. Here is a considerable 
 mf. of fine ftockings, and a ch. f. 
 The harbour is but mean, and not 
 navigable very far within it ; for the 
 bridge is within i m. and half of the 
 bar at the mouth of the r. though the 
 tide flows about 4m. above the T. 
 The bar is alfo too high for any Ships 
 that draw above 12. foot water, nor is 
 there any good riding in die Offings 
 near it. This T. gave the tide of 
 D. to one of K. James the lid's na- 
 tural fons by Mrs Churchill, 'till be 
 was attainted by Pt. for taking arms 
 Bgainft his native country. Its Fair 
 is in Trinity -Week. Mts. en JF.and 
 S. Its jurisdiction, which extends 
 about 2 m. N. and N. W. abounds 
 with corn, hay, and pafturaee. 
 
 BARWICK 'in Elmet, (TV^W.R. 
 rear Aberforth, laid to have been the 
 feat and granary of theKs. of North- 
 umberland, during the heptarchy ; 
 after which it pafled to the Lacys, Es. 
 of Lincoln, next to the Es. and Ds. 
 of Lancaster, and in the R. of Hen. 
 
 IV. to the crown. It appears by the 
 rubbiih to have been encompafTed 
 with a wall. Here is a remarkable 
 nicunt,calledHall-Tower-hill, which 
 his two trenches round it ; and on 
 the N. fide of the T. is a high fteep 
 Roman bulwark, part of the Roman 
 way from Bramham-Moor, and called 
 Wendel-Hill. TheCh. is fuppofed 
 not to be older than the R. of Hen. 
 
 V. the fleeple having been built in 
 that of Hen. VI. 
 
 BASFORD, (Nott.) in the S.W. 
 part of the Co. near Bilburgh, once 
 bel. to a family of the fame name. 
 In the R. of K. Edw. I. it was the 
 
 B A 
 
 manor of the Cantilupes, from whom 
 it palled to the Zouches. 
 
 BASH AM, Eaft and Weft, (Nerf.) 
 S.W. from Walfingham. In the'R. 
 of Hen. VIII. Sir William Fermer 
 built himfelf a feat here, which is 
 fmce fettled in the family of theCal- 
 thorps. Sir Henry Spelman fays, it 
 was a common report in his time, 
 that the faid K. Hen. went bare- 
 footed from one of thefe villages to 
 the Virgin Mary's mrine at Wallin:?- 
 hsm, to offer it a necklace of very 
 great value. 
 
 BASING, (Hump.} on the N. E. 
 fide of Bafingftoke, gives tide of Ba- 
 ror. St. John to the D. of Boltcn, 
 who has a feat here built out of the 
 ruins of Bafing-houfe by his ancerW, 
 John, Marquifs ef Winchefter,u h ich 
 was formerly a garrifcn for K. Ch. I. 
 and was befieged feveral times by die 
 Pt. forces in vain ; but taken by 
 ftorm by O. Cromwell, the i^.th of 
 Oft. 1645, and tne Marquifs with *oo 
 others made prifoners. The houfewas 
 a fpacious beautiful feat, which \\~ss 
 foon after demolished ; and, according 
 to the report made to the Pt. by 
 Hugh Peters, who was at the taking 
 of it, fit for an Emperor. There 
 was a bed in it, faid to be valued at 
 1400 /. The Marquifs, from its gal- 
 lant defence, called the houfe L-.ie 
 Lcyalty, which hecaufed to be v.-rir- 
 ten with a diamond in every window 
 cf it ; and Jjmcs Lya-ulie, which is 
 the fame in French,hr.s ever f.nce been 
 the motto of die arms of diis nclle 
 family. The Marquifs's loyalty was 
 reckoned the more extraordinary, be. 
 caufe he was a catholick. 
 
 & BASINGSTOKE, (Hamp.) 
 1 6 m. N. E. of Winchester, 39 cm. 
 and /8 mm. from London ; from 
 whence it is a great thoroughfare in 
 the road to the W. 'Tis a large po- 
 pulous T, with a great Mt. fcr all 
 forts of corn, efpecia'ly barley, here 
 being a great trade in malt, as there 
 is allb in druggets, /hallpons, &c. 
 'Tis a mayor T. with a recorder, 7 
 aid, 7 capital burtelTos, &c. Bei'dos 
 the
 
 B A 
 
 B A 
 
 the <2h. here was a very neat chapel, 
 now ruinous, built by William, the 
 firft Ld. Sandys intheR.ofHen.VIII. 
 The roof of it was adorned with 
 the hiftory of the prophets, apoftles, 
 and difciples of Chrift. Near it is a 
 f'r. f. befides which, here arc 3 ch. 
 fcs. in one whereof 12 boys are 
 taught, cloathed, and maintained by 
 the /kinners company in London. K. 
 Hen. III. founded a'hof. here for the 
 maintenance of altar priefts. The 
 adjacent country, though furrounded 
 with woods, is rich in pafture, and 
 fprinkled with fine houies, and a 
 brook runs by theT. which haspknty 
 of trout. Its Fairs are W. in Wblt- 
 fun-iosek, and Sifr. 29. Mt. on W, 
 Jf. BATH, ( Soin. ) 9 m. from 
 Frome, 12 from Briftol, 89 cm. 
 and 1 08 nam. from London, was fa- 
 mous in the Romans time for its me- 
 dicinal waters. In the Kg's. bath is 
 the figure of K. Bladud, whom Mr. 
 Cambdcn calls the fouthfayer, with 
 an infcription under it, which lays 
 that he found out the ufe of thefe 
 biiths 300 years before Chrift. 'Tis 
 fo frequented by the found for plea- 
 fure, as well as the fick for health, 
 that in fome feafons, efpecially when 
 the place has been honoured with any 
 of the royal family, here have been no 
 lefs than 8000 ftrangers. The fprings 
 were, do -btlefs, fenced in by the Ro- 
 mans with a wall to feparatethem from 
 the common fprings ; and the tradi- 
 tion is very probable, that they made 
 fubterranean canals to carry off the 
 other waters, left they fhould mix 
 with thefe ; for the town and neigh- 
 bourhood abound with cold fp. nj?, 
 which in fome places rife very near 
 the hot ones. As this city lies in a 
 valley furrounded with an ajnphithca - 
 trical circle of hills, the heat of its 
 waters, and their milky detergent 
 quality, are afiribed to a mixture of 
 two different waters diftilling from 
 two of thofe hills,i"'x:. Clarton-Down 
 and Lanfdown ; the former of which 
 has fprings that are fulphurcous, or 
 bituminous, mixed -vith nitre, and 
 
 the latter fuch as are tinfturea" with 
 iron ore : befidcs the adjacent coun- 
 try abounds with mines of coal:, 
 which are agreed to b2 lulphureous 
 and bituminous. 
 
 Here is a bridge end a ferry alfo 
 over the Avon, which waflies it on 
 the S. and W. and was, in purfuahce 
 of an aft of Pt. lately made naviga- 
 ble to Briftol, by means of fix locks ; 
 and a projeft is on foot for making it 
 navigable alfo to Bradford, Melk- 
 Iham, Lacock, and Chippenham. 
 The walls of the T. which, though 
 flight, are almoft entire, are thought 
 to have been the work of the Ro- 
 mans. It has four gates befides a 
 poftcrn. The late D. of Chandos 
 made great additions to its buildings. 
 Without the walls is a ftately fquare, 
 called Queen's ; and in the cen- 
 ter of it is an obcli/k, 70 foot high, 
 which the infcription imports was 
 ercfted by Richard Nafli, Elq; (the 
 mafter of the ceremonies at this 
 place) in grateful remembrance of the 
 honour and benefits conferred on this 
 city, by the Pr. and Pfs. of Wales in 
 1736, when they were pleafed to 
 lodge in this fquare. In that near 
 the abbey-church, called Orange- 
 fquare in compliment to the Pr. of 
 Orange, there is alfo a monumental 
 ftone, erected by the fame Mr. Nafti 
 in 1735, with an infcription (hewing 
 thru the health of this Pr. was re- 
 f;ored by <irinking the waters. The 
 ftone of which the houfes inQuecn's- 
 fquarc are built, was dug out of the 
 quarries upon Clarton-down, (where 
 the horle-races arc kept) and brought 
 from thence down a fteep hill by a 
 curious maihine, the contrivance of 
 Mr. Allt-n, the poft-mafter (who 
 farms the crofs-pofts) and late mayor 
 of this cify ; by which means the 
 ftone came fo chenp to the builders,' 
 that the fronts of the houfes on the 
 N. fide of the fqaare coft no more 
 th?.n 500 /. though it is above 200 
 foot in extent, and enriched with co- 
 Jumus and pihfters of the Corinthian 
 crier. The Town-hall over the Mt. 
 E r.<ir..}
 
 B A 
 
 ftands on 21 fione pillars. At the I 
 
 B A 
 
 uj-pcr end of it were lately let up the 
 pittures of the Pr. and Pfs. of Wales, 
 being their prefent to the corp. to 
 which they had before given a filver 
 cup and waiter gilt. And round the 
 faid hall hang the pictures of all the 
 members of the corp. drawn at the ex- 
 pence of thelate gen. Wade,oneof their 
 reprcfentatives in Pt. whofe piclure 
 is alfo put up over the entrance. Here 
 arc alfo the effigies of the Britifh K. 
 Coel, who is faid to have given the 
 Km. its firft charter j and of Edgar, 
 a Saxon K. who was crowned here. 
 A general infirmary is juft finhhed 
 here, a noble building capable of re- 
 ceiving 150 patients. There is a 
 grand parade on the S. fide of the city 
 by the Avon, finely paved, 200 yards 
 in length, where the gentry walk ; 
 and a magnificent fquare is laid out on 
 tlie W. fide of it, which looks like 
 but one houle, though it is divided 
 into feveral, and is 520 foot in front, 
 and 260 in depth. Each front, when 
 finifhed, is to have 63 windows, and 
 each end 3 1 . Two of the other fides 
 are to fcrve as \v'ngs to the principal 
 fide, each of which is to contain 24 
 houfesupon a perfeft fquare of 210 
 foot ; and the front of thefc wings is 
 to have each 25 windows j fo that 
 when the whole building is furveyed 
 in front, it will /hew 113 windows, 
 extend 1040 foot, aid from the neigh- 
 bouring hills look like one grand pa- 
 lace. The 3 piles of building will 
 be adorned with above 300 columns 
 and pilafters of the Corinthian order : 
 upon the corner of every pile there 
 will be a tower, and in every front, 
 will be a centre-houfe and a pedi- 
 ment, la this fquare is alfo to be a 
 noble ball-room, and an affembly- 
 room, a garden for the ladies, and a 
 fcowling-green for the gentlemen. 
 There is to be a terrace alfo of 500 
 yards in circumference, a portico of 
 the fame dimenfions, and divers other 
 walks in common for all people, and 
 fo difpofed, that the gentry may walk 
 there at any feafon, or hour, A 
 
 bridge with an arch of 120 foot open- 
 ing will alfo be built over the Avon, 
 to lead from the fquare to the Downs. 
 Great quantities of the ftone dug out 
 of the abovementioned quarries are 
 fent by the Avon to Briftol, and from 
 thence to London, &c . Of this Bath - 
 fione Mr. Allen has alfo built himfelf 
 a very magnificent houfe, with a fine 
 chapel, which upon the whole may 
 be reckoned one of the moft beauti- 
 ful feats in England. St. Peter's ca- 
 thedral here, which was the abbey, is 
 fuppofed to be on the fpot, where 
 flood the temple of Minerva, the pa- 
 tronefs of baths. On the principal 
 front are the figures of angels afccnd- 
 ing and defceniling, in memory of a 
 dream by which Dr. Oliver King,Bp. 
 of this fee, was induced to build this 
 Ch. Anno 1137; but it was not 
 finiihed 'till 1612. Here are 3 other 
 Chs. 2 ch. f. St. John's hoi", founccd 
 by Fitz Joceline, Bp. of this fee, for 
 the poor fick people j and there is a 
 chapel bel. to it, built all of white frce- 
 ftone. Dr. Guidon mentions alfo 
 Bellots and Brimburys hofps. the 
 latter built by 7 fillers. There is an 
 aim. called Rul'cot's charity, for 12 
 men, and 12 women. 1'he other 
 alms-people of Bath are chiefly main- 
 tained by the chamber, and have each 
 3 s. and 4</. a week. Thofe admit- 
 ted at the lepers hoi", are recommended 
 by the juftices cf the peace, and the 
 minifter of the p. and are taken in 
 every May and Sift. The chamber 
 h.i;. feveral ancient charters, but als 
 by Q^Eliz's. The corp. coniilts of 
 a mayor, 8 aid. and 240. C. It gave 
 the title of E. formerly to the family 
 of Granville, as it does now to the 
 Rt. Hon. William Pultcney, Efq; fo 
 created by his prclcnt Majefty in 1 742. 
 The Fairs here are Feb. 2, and 24, 
 Mjyj, J-.'.ni iq, and^?.vf. I. Mt. 
 W. and S. 
 
 BATHESTON, (Sam.) 2 m. E. 
 from Bath under Lanfdown-hill, was, 
 in the R. of Rich. II. the eft ate of 
 Sir William Bryan, and pafled, by 
 marriage of his daughter, to Sir Henry 
 Scroop,
 
 B A 
 
 B A 
 
 Scroop. The parfonage, which was 
 appropriated to the abbey of Bath be- 
 fore the ref. was granted by K. Hen. 
 VIII. to Chrift-church in Oxford. 
 
 BATHFORD, (Som.) 4m. N. E. 
 of Bath, on the other fide of the 
 Avon, in the London road, was the 
 manor of John, Ld. Molins, a fa- 
 vourite of Edvv. III. whofe pofterity 
 enjoyed it for feveral fucceflions, 'till 
 at length it pafled, by marriage of a 
 female heir, to the Hungerfords. In 
 digging a room under ground in this p. 
 in the laft century, a pavement was 
 found here all chequered. 
 
 {^> BAT TEL, (Sufi.) 6m. from 
 Mailings, and 57 from London. Its 
 old name was Epiton ; but took the 
 prefent from the battle fought on 
 Heathfield bet. this and Haftings, 
 wherein Harold was defeated and kil- 
 led by Will, the Norman, who ereded 
 an abbey there of Benedictines, to at- 
 tone for the effufion of fo much blood, 
 and to pray for the fouls of the flain. 
 Its abbot was mitred, could protect 
 the grcateft villains that fled to it, and 
 even lave the life of any that was go- 
 ing to be executed. By the remains 
 of it, it was, no doubt, a ftately pile, 
 and almoft i m. in com. The gate- 
 houfe, which is almoft entire, ferves 
 for the feffions, and other publick 
 meetings. The incumbent of the 
 Ch. here is called dean of Battel. The 
 T. is reckoned unhealthy, becaufe it 
 is low and dirty. Here is made the 
 fineft gun-powder in Europe. It has 
 a harbour for barges, and a ch. f. 
 There is a hill near it, with a beacon 
 on it ; for which reafon, it is called 
 Beacon-hill, though its old name is 
 Standard-hill, becaufe the Conqueror 
 fet up his ftandard on it, the day be- 
 firo his abovementioned victory. Be- 
 tdes its weekly Mt. on 'Tb. here is a 
 monthly one on Tu. and a Fair Nov. 
 1 1 . Battel-hall is now the feat of Sir 
 Thomas Webfter, but was formerly 
 that of Ld. Montagu. 
 
 BATTER SKY, (Surry,) on the 
 Thames, 4 m. from Richmond, and 
 4 m. from London, was bought by 
 
 Lawrence Booth, Ld. Chancellor Jn 
 the R. of Edw. IV. and annexed to 
 the A.Bk. of York. It gave title of 
 Baron to the late Ld. Vifcl St. John, 
 who had a feat here. The manor 
 was granted to his anceftors, together 
 with Wandfworth, by K. Charles I. 
 and Sir Walter St. John founded a fr. 
 f. here for 20 poor boys, endowed it 
 with 200 /. of which the intereft was 
 
 to put out one or more of them ap- 
 John alfo 
 gave 100 /. the intereft of which was 
 
 prentice ; and the Lady St. 
 
 likewife to put a poor boy or girl ap- 
 prentice every year. The neighbour- 
 ing fields are noted for producing the 
 fineft bundles of afparagus. 
 
 BATTLE-EDGE, (Oxford.) near 
 Burford, where on Midfummer-Eve 
 a feftival is celebrated, in honour of 
 a victory which one of the W. Saxon 
 Kgs. gained here over a K. of the 
 Mercians. This was the birth-place 
 of Dr. Heylin, the cofmographer, 
 and the feat of the famous fpeaker, 
 Lenthal. 
 
 BATTLEFIELD, (Salop,) 501. 
 N. E. of Shrew/bury, bet. the roads 
 to Chefter and Holywell. Here was 
 formerly a popifh college, founded by 
 K. Hen. IV. and V. of whom the 
 former gained a victory on this plain, 
 over the rebels under Henry Percy, 
 furmmed Hotfpur. 
 
 BATTLE SOON, (Bcdf.) a little 
 totheN.W. of Hockley-in-the-Hcle, 
 and on the Reman road, called Wat- 
 ling-ftrcet, 12 m. S.W. of Bedford. 
 The Duncombs were formerly its Lds. 
 but lately the Bathurft family, who 
 have the tit!e of Baron from this, 
 which was alfo their feat ; but it is 
 now that of Thomas Page, Efq; who 
 married a daughter of the late Ld. 
 Vifc. How, and is daily improving it 
 by additional works in a fine tafte. 
 
 (C3 BAUTRE, (Tor k.W.R.) 14.7 
 m. from London, near the r. Idle, 8 
 or 10 m. from its fall into the Trent, 
 and partly in Nottingham/hire, noted 
 for a trade in mill-ftones, and being a 
 great thoroughfare in the poft-road to 
 Scotland. It is well furniflied with 
 E z inns,
 
 B A 
 
 B E 
 
 Inns. The r. brings hithur from Der- 
 by/hire, not only mill and grind- 
 itones, but lead, and iron ware from 
 Sheffield, which are conveyed hence 
 to Stockwith, Burton, Hull, &c. it 
 being the centre of all exportation from 
 the riding, wherein it is Ctuate. Mt. 
 IV. and S. Fair 4 days in Wbitfun- 
 fycek, procured of K. John by Robert 
 de Vipont, Ld. of the manor, for a 
 prcfent of four palfreys j and another 
 ffw. ii. Here was once a mon. 
 
 BAWDSEY, (Sujf.) not far from 
 Harwich, was heretofore a Mt. T. 
 and the manor was in the family of 
 the Uffords. It palled, by marriage, 
 to Sir John Wilioughby, the anceftor 
 of the Lds. Wilioughby of Erefby, in 
 whofe family it continued feveral fuc- 
 ccn"ion>, 'till it palTed, by marriage, 
 to Richard E&rtue, Efqj. Kere is a 
 haven for fmall veflels at the mouth 
 of the r. Deben. 
 
 BAXTIRLZY, (^ r arw.Hm.W. 
 cf Atherfton, is a hamlet of Grendon, 
 which, after being the eftate of Henry 
 tie Ferrers, canjc to the E. of War- 
 wick, of whom it was held by Ri- 
 chard de Harecourt 5 from whom it 
 pafi'ed to Level, whofe fon fold it to 
 John Chetwind in die R. of Hen. I. 
 i-'art of it %\ as fold by his descendant 
 to a gentleman, whole feoffees palled 
 it to the abbey cf Merevale ; and af- 
 ter the ref. it was purchafed of the 
 erown by Walter de Devereux, Ld. 
 Ferrers of Chartley, and confequerrtly 
 in poffeiEon of Robrrt, E. of Effex, in 
 i 640. Baxterley-hali in this moiety 
 was built by John Clover, one of his 
 retainers. The other moiety was in 
 the R. of Edw. IV. poflefied by Judge 
 Littleton, whofe defcendant, Sir Edw. 
 Littleton of Pillaton-hall, Staftbrd- 
 fiiire, fold it to truftees for the free- 
 holders, in whom it now refteth. 
 Here is a ch. f. 
 
 BAYLY-PARK, (Sujf.) in the p. 
 cf Heathfield, with a manfion-houfe 
 on a beautiful eminence, that has a 
 view of the fea, and of the country, for 
 som. round. There are about 333 
 acres bel. to it, including a finall 
 pavk and a fine grcve. 
 
 BAYNTON, (York, E. R.) 8 IP. 
 S. W. of Fordlingham, in the road 
 from Beverley to Kilham, in that 
 mountainous tradl, called Yorkfwold, 
 had formerly a chantry, and was the 
 Lp. of Peter de Mauley, in the R. of 
 Hen. III. and from his family it paf- 
 fed, in the R. of Edw. III. to John 
 de Grey of Rotherfield j from whofe 
 pofterity it pafied, either by marriage, 
 or purchafe, to other families ; of 
 which we have no farther account, 
 than tliat the rcdlory is aoo /. a year, 
 in the gift of St. JohnVcollege, Ox- 
 ford. 
 
 BEACHWOOP, (Hartf.} in the p. 
 of Fhmitead, fo called from the abun- 
 dance of fine beach-trees formerly 
 growing here, is a delightful feat of 
 Sir Themis-Sanders Ssabiight, Bart. 
 with a pleafant park. Korc was once 
 a nunnery, independent of sny other 
 convent, and then called Si. Giiec m 
 the wood. 
 
 BEACH WORTH -EAST, (Surry,) 
 where wis a caftle on a knoll, not far 
 from Boxley-hill, bet. Dai -king and 
 Rygatc, which John, E. of Warren, 
 Ld. of the m?nor, granted to Edw. 
 II. In the R. of Edw. III. Roger 
 Hufe was poffefled of it ; after wliicfc 
 it bel. to Thomas Fitz-Alan, E. of 
 Amndel, from whofe family it puffed 
 to the Browns, the anceftors of Sir 
 .Adam Brown, who being the Jaft 
 male heir of it, his niece carried it, 
 by marriage, to the family of Mr. 
 Fenwick, who pulled down the great- 
 efl part of the caftle, and turned it 
 into a dwelling -houfe. It was lately 
 the Lp. and eflatc of two brothers, 
 George and Francis Freeman, and 
 now the. feat of Ld. Montjoy. 
 
 BEACHY-HEAP, (Sii/ex,} near 
 Pevenfey,and bet. Haftings anc Shore- 
 ham, fo called from the adjacent 
 beach, is reckoned the higheft chft" 
 of all the S. ccaft of England, 1 for it 
 projects over the beach to a greater 
 perpendicular heighth, than the mo- 
 nument of London. Hares, clofely 
 purfued, have tumbled over the edge 
 of the precipice, with a hound or two 
 after
 
 B E 
 
 B E 
 
 after them, and been da/hed to pieces. 
 The beach, where in ftormy weather 
 fo many fhips have been loft, has fe- 
 veral large caverns made in it by the 
 fea. From hence, to beyond Arun- 
 del, the country, along the coaft, tor 
 a great breadth, rifes into tho'e high 
 hills called the South-downs. 
 
 BEACON-HILL, (Ej/'ex) oppofite 
 to Landguard-fort, and on the S. fide 
 of the mouth .of the port of Har- 
 wich, has a large, high light -houfe 
 upon it, for the fake of fhips patting 
 into or by it ; from whence there is 
 an extentive view of the coaft of 
 Suffolk and Eflex, the T. and port 
 of Harwich, and the men of war 
 riding at the gun-fleet. There is a 
 pkaiant walk from hence to that T. 
 which is about half a m. and at the 
 foot of the hill a well of petrifying 
 water. Much of the ftone along the 
 (hare is of thecoperas kind, of which 
 mineral, a great deal is found be- 
 tween this promontory and the Naze- 
 point, about 5 m. hence on the Ef- 
 Jcx-fhore. 
 
 g^3E A CONSFIEL D,(Bucks)% m. 
 from Marlow, 22 cm. and 23 mm. 
 from London, in the read to Oxford, 
 with feveral good large inns ; is of 
 note for being the birth-place of the 
 famous poet Mr. Waller, ftiled the 
 Englifti Tibdlus, who had a great 
 eftate and a fine feat here, which is 
 ftill that of his defcendant Edmund 
 Waller, Efq; It has a Mt. on ?b. 
 and Fairs on Feb. 2, and Holy Tb. 
 
 BEAKEEBOBN, (KW,)4m.S.E. 
 of Canterbury,, has long been a mem- 
 ber of the port of Haftings, and en- 
 joyed the Liberties of a Cinque-port, 
 by virtue of a fpecial grant of Edw. 
 III. It was the ancient poffefiion of 
 the Bekes, who held lands here by 
 grand-ferjcantry, to find a fliip when 
 Hen. III. had a mind to pafs the 
 feas. The Abps. of Canterbury had a 
 neat houfe here, encompafled with 
 the r. Leaving which is a trout- 
 ftream. 
 
 BEAR, (Devon,) in the road from 
 Lyme to Exeter, and 4 m. from Fly- 
 mouth, was called Bgar-Fcrris, from 
 
 the ancient family of Ferrers. Is 
 the R. of Hen. VI. here were filver 
 mines, which were re-enter'd by the 
 late Sir John Maynard, but have 
 been fmce difcontinued. The reclo- 
 ry here is a good benefice, the p. be- 
 ing fo large, that it had formerly 
 two chapels of cafe. The Ch. is at 
 one end of the p. clofe by the banks 
 of the r. Tamar, with only a few 
 cottages near it, and here was for- 
 merly a chantry. 
 
 5f; BEAR-ALSTON, orBERAL- 
 STON, or, as fome call it, BOR AL- 
 STON, (IW.) on the r. Tave, 3 m. 
 fr. Taviitock, and 163 cm. and 200 
 mm. fr. London.is a fmaU,but ancient 
 bor. by prefcription, and is govern- 
 ed by a portreeve, who is chofe year- 
 ly. The burgage-holders, who pay 
 3 d. a year, or more, acknowledg- 
 ment for the land they hold in the 
 borough to the Ld. of the manor, 
 are the only voters for its members, 
 who are returned by the portreeve. 
 This place, though of fuch confide- 
 ration as to fend two members to Pt. 
 is only a hamlet, in the p. of Bear- 
 Ferris above-mentioned, from the 
 Ch. of which it lies near 2 m. It 
 did not fend members till the 2yth 
 of Elir. when many other mean bo- 
 roughs had the like fummons ; and, 
 in its firft return-, it was called Bere- 
 alvefton. Its houfes, which are not 
 a hundred, are but ordinary, and its 
 Mt. on ?b. but inconfiderable, Its 
 Lds. however, to whom it has been 
 obliged for its privileges, were fome 
 of them of the firft rank. The 
 firft of thefe was a branch, which' 
 (lays Rider, in hisfurvey of Devon) 
 budded out of the royal family of 
 Alencon, in France, on w l :om Wil- 
 liam the couq. beftowed Bire, from 
 whence it has corruptly afiumed its 
 prefent name. He fays, that in the 
 R. of Henry II. this honour was held 
 by Henry Ferrers, who had his caf- 
 tle here, and that an heirefs of his 
 family brought this eftate to the 
 Champernouns, by whom it defcen- 
 ded to Willoughby Ld. Brook. It 
 afterwards came to the Ld. Mo~t- 
 E 3 joy'
 
 B E 
 
 B E 
 
 jjy's family, and next went with the 
 manor of Bere-Fcrrcrs to Sir John 
 Maynard, by whofe grandaughter it 
 palled to the late E. of Stamford ; 
 .and in default of iflue by her, to Sir 
 Henry Hobart, Bart, father to the 
 prefent E. of Ruckiiighamffiirs. 
 
 BEAUDESERT, ( Staff. ) 5 m. 
 from Litchfield. 'Tis a famous old 
 feat, faid to be built by Hugh Lu- 
 .pus, E. of Chefter, delightfully fitn- 
 :ite among woods, with a park near 
 the Trent, which once bel. to the 
 Bps. of that fee, with many other 
 hamlets in and near the foreft ; but 
 in the R. of Edw. VI. the then Bp. 
 exchanged them for certain btnefi- 
 fices, which were obtained of that 
 K. by Sir William Pager, afterwards 
 xreated a peer, with the title cf Ld. 
 Paget of Bcaudefert ; and it is now 
 the feat, as well as barony of the E. 
 f Uxbridge, his noble descendant. 
 In the park coal is dng for carving, 
 though the common ule of it is for 
 filing. Here are the remains of a 
 . large fortification, called Csftle-hiil, 
 which is fuppofed to have been ca-ft 
 up by the Danifh K. Canute, when 
 he ravaged this part of the country. 
 This hiii is fo high, that it is faid to 
 command a view of nine counties. 
 
 P^BR AUBF. SER i ,or,asit is called 
 in the maps, BELDESERT, (War.) 
 is a little 'to the N. E. of Henley, 
 and had its name from its pleafjnt 
 tituatitn, given it by Hen. de New- 
 burgh, the lii ft E. of Will wick of 
 the Norman line, who built a caftk 
 here, which, with the park, con- 
 tinued in his pofterity many ages. 
 It had in K. Stephen's R. a charter 
 for a Mt. on Sunday, which was 
 changed by another for M. together 
 with a fair on Sept. I. This Lp. 
 came afterwards to Thomas de Beau- 
 champ E. of Warwick, and then to 
 Sir Thomas Botteler, and after him 
 to S'ir John Norbury and Henry 
 Edknap, who quitted it to Edward 
 IV. in fatisfaftion of a debt they 
 owed to the crown. K. Edw. VI. 
 pa* e it to John Dudley, E. of Warv,-. 
 aw. his hens, but he being attainted 
 
 it reverted ta the crown, and Q^ElIz. 
 gave it to Ambr. Dudley E. of War- 
 wick, his fon ; but he dying with- 
 out LiTue, it attain went to the crown ; 
 from which it was purchaled by MT. 
 Cawdwell, an Aid. of London^ Sir 
 Baldwin Trevill, and his pofterity, 
 had fome lands in this manor, which 
 were afterwards in the pofieffion of 
 Charles Smith andLd. Carrington. 
 
 BEAUFORD, or FAIRFORD, 
 (Devon.) 3 m. S. E. of Torrington, 
 where the chief mancr bel. to the 
 Haws. 
 
 BEABSALE , ( JFiifzv. ) near 
 Wedgenock-park, a member of the 
 p. of Hatten, was formerly in tl.c 
 pofleflion of a Ld. Hatton, and after- 
 wards of the E. of Warwick, and had 
 a chapel lately, called Cuckuw-Ch. 
 
 BEAWI. EY, (Harr.f-.) in die New- 
 foreft, near Southampton, was called 
 Bcaulieu, from its pleafant fituation, 
 where K. John founded an ably for 
 30 Ciftertian monks, to attonc for 
 the murder of fomc ablx-.ts of that 
 order, whom, upon a pique, he had 
 cr.ufed to be trodden under his Iiorie's 
 feet. The D. of Montagu has a feat 
 here, and the place is of note in Lon- 
 don, &c. for its fine beer. 
 
 BECKFORT, (G/oc.) near Di:m- 
 b'eton, on the b. of Worcefterihirc, 
 rr.H a pricry, and is, or was lately, a 
 feat of Mr.' Wakcman. 
 
 BUCK IT* OH AM, (Nott.) on the 
 b. of Line, ne-tr Gainibcrougji, w;.s 
 for a long time, the manor and feat 
 of a family of its name. Here was a 
 chantry, which Edw. VI. granted to 
 Thomas Reeve and George Colter;, 
 who, by licence, alienated the fame to 
 Robert Harrilbn and his heirs. The 
 Ch. here is a prebend to the collegi- 
 ate Ch.of Southwell. Dr.Howel, who 
 wrote the Medulla Uiftorif Ar.gln.s- 
 na, was born here. 
 
 BECKLES, (&nff.) 90 cm. ar.d 
 107 mm. from London, ttands on the 
 r. Wavency, which is navigable hi- 
 ther from Yarmouth by barges, ar. d 
 from hence to Bungay. 'Tis a large 
 populous T. and the ftreets are wfil 
 paved, and kept clean, though u.a
 
 B E 
 
 B E 
 
 hiildings arc but mean, many of 
 them being thatched. It had once u 
 chantry, and has now a noble Cli. and 
 2 fr. Its. well cnJoweJ, one a gram- 
 mar fc. with ten fehohnihips forEma- 
 nusl-college in Cambridge, appropri- 
 ated to it by SIT John Leman, Kt. 
 in the R. of James I. There are ftill 
 to be feen the ruins of another Ch. 
 here, called Ingate. The quarter - 
 feflions for the liberty of Birthing, 
 are ufually held here ; and a com- 
 mon bel. to the T. of no lefs than 
 1000 acres. The Mt. is S. 
 
 BECKLEY, (Oxf.) on the b. of 
 Bucks, bet. Wocdilock and Thame. 
 Its demefne was granted by Edw. III. 
 to William Montacute E. of Saiif- 
 bury, in revedion, after the death of 
 John Handlow, Efq; Under the park 
 of' this place, the Roman way bet. Aid - 
 cheiler and Wallingfor J is plainly to be 
 di favored, by the paving {rones found 
 hereabouts ; and from hence it pal Jet h 
 to the: wood near Stockars. Here is 
 alfo a by-road, leading from Alcefter 
 towards Oxford. 
 
 (f3> BED ALL, (ttrJ.N. R.) 6m. 
 from N. Allerton, 8 from Richmond, 
 and 180 cm. and 252 mm. from 
 London, is a little T. in Richmond- 
 fiiire upon a rivulet that runs into the 
 Swale, near Gatenby ; but is of 
 chief Note for its living, faid to be 
 worth 5-^0 /. a year, and for being 
 the thorow-farc of the Roman cau- 
 fey, leading from Richmond to Bar- 
 nard' s-caftle, which, for 20 m. toge- 
 ther, is called Leeming-lanc. There's 
 a ch. f. a Mt. on Ta. and a fair June 
 24. All the adjacent country is more 
 or lefs full of jockeys and horfe-deal- 
 crs, here being the beft hunting and 
 road horfcs in the world. 
 
 BEDEN, or BEDING, ( Svflix, ) 
 13 m. from Lewes, ftands near a r. 
 of its own nsme, which runs into the 
 fea at New-Shoreham, and produces 
 very pood mullets, pikes, plaile, eels, 
 3V. Some battle is fuppofed to have 
 been fought betwixt this and Lewes, 
 from the many graves, with bones of 
 dead men (iikovcred in the road, 
 
 * BEDFORD, (the Co. T. of 
 cdfordjbir-S) 40 cm. 47 mm. from 
 London, is a clean, well-built popu- 
 lous place, where the aflizes are al- 
 ways held. It was famous fifft of all 
 for the interment of the great K.OfFa. 
 It was once deltroyed by the Danes, 
 but repaired by Edward the elder. 
 After the conqueft a caftle was built 
 here, which, though very ftrong, K. 
 Stephen took from the Emprel's 
 Maud. K. John took it in the ba- 
 rons wars, and caufed it to be demo- 
 liflied. It firft gave title of D. to 
 Plantagenet the regent of France 5 
 then to John NcviJ, Marq.ofMon- 
 tacute, and then to K. Edward IV's 
 fon, George l'lantagenet,who dying an 
 infant, the titie lay vacant fill' Henry 
 VII. created his unck, Jafper Tudor, 
 D. of Bedford, who alfo died with- 
 out ifluc : And thus far, 'tis remark- 
 able, that the title was en-oyed by 
 the firft pofTeflbr only of each family. 
 But K. Edward VI. making John 
 Rutfel E. of Bedford, the dignity !v 
 been ever fince in that il/uffrions 
 houfe, with an advancement of it to 
 the title of D. by K. William III. 
 now enjoyed by the moft noble Ld. 
 John Ruflel. 
 
 '1 is governed by a mayor, recor- 
 der, i bailiffs, T2 aid. 2 chamber- 
 lains, a T. clerk, nnd 3 fcrjeants. 
 Here are 5 Ch. of which St. Paul's is 
 the chief ornament of tiie T. The 
 N. and S. parts of Bedford are joined 
 by a fine ftone-bridge, over the Oui'e, 
 which has two gates. The fpot 
 where the caftle ftood is a bowling- 
 green, of the grcateft fame in Eng- 
 land. Here is a fr. f. founded in the 
 R. ofQ._Eliz. by a native of the T. 
 Sir William Harper, Ld. Mayor of 
 London, befides an hof. for 8 poor 
 people, founded by Thomas Chrifty, 
 Efq; formerly one of the reprefenta- 
 tives of this T. in Pt. Here is alfo 
 a ch. f. and ^ hof. for Lepers. The 
 adjactnt foil being very fruitful in 
 corn, efpecially barley, and the beft 
 wheat ; the former is exported by its 
 navigable r. tQ Holland, by way of 
 Lynn,
 
 B E 
 
 B E 
 
 Lynn, and the latter is carried by 
 vaggons 20 m. .oft" to the Mts. of 
 Hitchcn and Hartford, where 'tis 
 bought again, ground and earned in 
 the meal to London. Its r. fome- 
 tirr.es, after a rain, makes fuch an 
 inundation of the iile of Ely, that at 
 fuch times 'tis common for the peo- 
 ple there to fay, the Belli ff of Bed- 
 ford is a.ming. Here is a Mt. in 
 the N .fide of theT. on -S'.for corn,and 
 on the S. fide on Tu. for cattle. Its 
 Fairs are March 4, the firft Tu. in 
 L-jnt, May 2, June 24, Aug. i and 
 
 10, Seft. 21, N<si-. 6 and 30. 'Tis 
 oblervablc, that the Blondells, who 
 are poflefled of this ancient barony, 
 claim in right thereof to be Lds. Al- 
 moners to the K. at his coronation. 
 
 BEDFORD-LEVEL, is a trail of 
 fens, confiding of 300,000 acres, in 
 the Cos.of Norfolk,Suftblk, Hunting- 
 don, Northampton, Lincoln, Cain- 
 bridgefliire, and the ifle of Ely,which 
 appear to have been dry land former- 
 ly, by the ruins of houles, large trees, 
 &c. that have been found in feveral 
 parts. After divers expenlive at- 
 tempts to drain thcfe fens in the R. 
 of Hen. VI. and Ch. I. William D. 
 of Bedford, in 1649, undertook and 
 eempleated it, and in the R. of Ch. 
 
 11. a Corp. was eftablifhed for the 
 government and prefervaticn of this 
 great level, in whom the act vefted 
 83000 acres to be held of the manor 
 of E. Greenwich, in free and common 
 foccage, 10,000 were vefted in the 
 K. and 2000 in the E. of Portland. 
 In thefe fens are feveral duckoys, 
 where incredible quantities of wild 
 fowl are taken during the fcafon, 
 there being no lefs than 3000 couple 
 a week generally fent up to London 
 from one fingle duckoy, not far from 
 Ely, which letts for 500 /. a year. 
 
 BEDHAMPTON, (Harr.p.) 3 m. 
 N. W. of Havant, bel. formerly to 
 the Ds. of Richmond, till Hen. VIII. 
 granted it to Sir Richard Cotton. 
 
 6^ BEDJFORD, orBiDDiroan, 
 (Dwon.) fo called from its fituation, 
 v;. By the Fsrd, 'Tis 30 m. from 
 
 Exeter, 161 cm. and 197 mm. from 
 London. It has a very fine bridge 
 over the Towridge, which a little 
 lower joins the Taw, and falls with 
 it into Barnftaple-bay. The bridge 
 was built in the I4th century, on 24 
 beautiful and ftately Gothic-arches ; 
 but though the foundation is fo firm, 
 .yet it feems to /hake at the flighteft 
 ftep of a horfe. There are lands fet- 
 tled for keeping it in repair, the 
 rents of which are received and laid 
 out by a bridge-warden, chofe by 
 the mayor and aid. who, with a re- 
 corder, Town-clerk, and lerjeants, are 
 the magiftrates of the T. 'Tis a 
 clean well-built populous place, and 
 has a ftreet three quarters of a m. 
 long, fronting the r. with a noble 
 key and cuitom-houfe in it, where 
 /hips of very good burden load and 
 unload in the very bofom of the T. 
 Here is another good long ftreet, as 
 broad as the high-ftreet of Exeter, in- 
 habited by wealthy merchants, wli* 
 fend /hips every year to the W. Ire- 
 dies , particularly Virginia, New- 
 foundland, and Ireland, from whence 
 it is an ellablifhed port for landing 
 wool, and 'tis now a match for 
 Barnftaple, which was once much fu- 
 pericr to it. Forty or fifty fail of 
 {hips bcl. to this port have been em- 
 ployed to fetch ccd from Newfound- 
 land, snd others are Itnt to Liver- 
 pool and Warrington for rock lair, 
 which is here diflblved by the fea- 
 water into brine, and then boiled up 
 into a new fait, which is iuftly called 
 /<;.'.' -..pan fe.'t ; and with this they 
 cure their" herrings. The Granvils, 
 of whom were the Es. of Bath, have 
 been Lds. of this T. ever fince the 
 conqueft ; and it gave title of baron 
 in the nth of Q. Anne, to- George 
 the late Ld. Lanldown. There's'a 
 very handfome meeting-houfe here, 
 befides a large Ch. which are both 
 much frequented. Its Mt. is on 7c. 
 B E D I N G T o N, ( Surry,) near 
 Croydon, the feat and manor of 
 the Carews family, who have the 
 honour to be Barunets, and have a fine 
 oran-
 
 B E 
 
 B E 
 
 t 100 years ftai 
 ing, brought out of Italy by Sir Fran- 
 cis Carew, Bt. They aie let in the 
 open ground, but ferurcd in the win- 
 ter by moveable coverts, and fuppofed 
 to b_- the ririt ever planted in England. 
 Sir Francis abovemvntioned, who built 
 this pleafure-houfe, had the Spanish 
 armaio in I ^88 painted on the top of 
 it, and made a cold-bath under it. In 
 the Ch. are feveral ftalls, after the 
 manner of cathedrals, in the N. and S. 
 ifies ; and here is one ch. f. for boys, 
 and another for girls. 
 
 BEDMIN:-TEK, (Swerf.) a little 
 S. W. of Briflol, was for fcvcral fnc- 
 ceflions the eftate of the Lds. Berk- 
 ley ; one of whom founded a hermit- 
 age ! ere, and a hof. In the R. of Hen. 
 VI. h 'vis vefted in the Ds. of So- 
 merfet } but, on the attainder of one 
 of them in the R. of Edw. IV. the 
 K. gave it to his brother, the D. of 
 Glocetfer (afterwards Rich. III.) and 
 fo it pated to the crown. It has a 
 chapel bel. to the Ch. of St. Mary 
 RedcLff, at Briftol. 
 
 BEPN AI.-GR EF.N, (Midd.) one 
 of the hamlets of Stepney, has above 
 1800 houfes, and 15000 fouls, with 
 a Ch. founded by the-cornmiiiioners of 
 the ;o new Chs. the patronage of 
 which is in Br.uen-N- fe-collere, Ox- 
 ford. Here was formerly a chapel, 
 which Bonner, Bp. of London, who 
 had a palace here, leafed out in the 
 R. of Edw. VI. with a mefluage ad- 
 joining to it and a garden, for 99 years, 
 to Sir Ralph Warren and his wife, 
 paying him and his fucce.Tors 4 d. a 
 year. The old Roman way from 
 London led through this hamlet, and 
 joining the military way from the W. 
 pr.lTed with it to Lea- ferry, at Old- 
 Ff rd. Here is that noble hof. Trinity - 
 Houfe, founded Anno 169^, for 28 
 decayed or ancient feamen, who ha\'e 
 been matters of (hips or pilots, or 
 their widows ; each of whom receives 
 1 6 1. the firft Monday in every month, 
 bcfides 20 s. a year for coals, and a 
 gown every fecond year. The hof. 
 was built by the money arifing from 
 
 the bwlfaft-ofrke, light-houfcs, buoys, 
 beacons, &?,-. \\ hich is by Pt. appro- 
 priated to this corp. 
 
 * BED WIN Great, (Wilts,) in 
 the E. part of the Co. towards Berks, 
 ^7 cm. and 72 mm. from London,' 
 "I'is an ancient bor. by prefcription ; 
 and in the Saxons time was a city with 
 a cattle, tire ditches whereof are ftill 
 vifible. It was formerly the Lp. of 
 Gilbert, E. of Clare 5 came afterwards 
 to Hugh, E. of Stafford ; and from 
 his family to Henry, D. of Bucking- 
 ham j but on his atU'ixler and death, 
 K. Ric. III. gave it to John Howard, 
 afterwards D. at' Norfolk. The Ch. 
 is a ipacious tabrick in the form of a 
 crofs, built of flints very ftron^ly ce- 
 mented 5 and fome of the family of 
 the Seymours, particularly the great 
 Marquifs of Hertford, who died in 
 1660, are interred in it. The T. is 
 governed by a portreeve, chofe hy a 
 jury at the tourt-leet, held yearly by 
 the toward of the Ld. Bnire, who is 
 Ld. or' the bor. and the portreeve 
 c.hufcs a bailiff and other officers. The 
 Mt.isonTt. Fairs^/>. 23, Juf) 15. 
 
 BEDWORTH, (!Par.) 3m. S. of 
 Nun-Eaton in the road to Coventry, 
 bel. after the conqyeft to the E. of 
 Warwick, who enfeoffcd the lif- 
 tings family With it. It was fuccef- 
 fively the manor of Turvile,Craft, ajvl 
 the Charnels ; and from the litter it 
 patFed to Ld. Aftley, and from the f>- 
 male heir of that family to Reginald, 
 Ld. Gray of Ruthen. It defended 
 afterwards to Henry, D. of Suffolk ; 
 by whofe attainder 'it efcheated to the 
 crown, and was by Q._Eliz. granted to 
 Mr. Gerrard, &c. to hold in capita ; 
 and afterwards hy the fame Q^to Cle- 
 ment Fi flier, Efq; and his heirs, wiMi 
 the neighbouring coal-mines, and the 
 advowfon of the redtory. Here ars 
 2 ch. fs. one for boys, the other for 
 girls. 
 
 BEERE, (Kent,) a manor in th p. 
 of Weft-Clive, anciently the feat of a 
 family of that name ; from which it 
 paffed to the Tcoks, who held it 
 many ages, and was aftctward* pur- 
 chifed
 
 B E 
 
 B E 
 
 chafed for the heir of Sir George 
 Rook. 
 
 St. BEES, (Cumber.] 2 m. from 
 Whitehaven, and not a m. from Egre- 
 rsont-caftle, is a promontory en the 
 Ihore, which had formerly a priory, 
 and now has a good grammar fr. f. 
 founded by Grindal, A.B. ot Canter- 
 bury, who was born here. It has a 
 library, which has been much im- 
 proved by Dr. Lamplueh, A.B. of 
 York, Dr. Smith, Bp. of Carlifle, Sir 
 John Lowther of Whitehaven, and 
 ethers : and the fchoolmafter is prc- 
 fented by Queen's-college, Oxford. 
 This p. is vaftly large, but the vica- 
 ridge very poor. Here was formerly 
 a Benedj&ine priory to which the par- 
 fcnage of Workington was appropria. 
 ted ; and it was a cell to St. Mary's- 
 abbcy at York. 
 
 BESS-TON .CASTI.K, (ClrJ&r.;). 
 near Bunbury, and not far from De- 
 lamere-torerr, v.'as built by Riinuiph, 
 E. of Chefier, en a precipice fenced 
 all round with mountains, and appears 
 by its ruins to have taken up a vaft 
 extent of ground. The Bedtons, an 
 ancient family, of which was Sir 
 William Beefton, the governor of Ja- 
 maica, took their name from this 
 place. According to Leland, in his 
 verfes upon this caftle, old prophecies 
 fay it fhall rife again from its ruin?. 
 
 BEES TON, (ronf.W.R.) a Lttle 
 to the S. of Leeds, to which p. it is 
 a chapel of cafe. It is a cor,", 
 place noted for the mf. of bor.e-kce, 
 itraw-hats and hatbands. Here is a 
 hall which wai anciently the feat of 
 the family cf the Bceftons, and a park 
 which is a fpring \vood of 60 acres, 
 with a mine 'of coa!. One of the 
 Beeftons fold this manor to Sir John 
 Wood, Knt. of Cambridge/hire ; but 
 for want of iflue male, it went, by- 
 marriage of his daughter, to Thomas 
 Worfiey, of whofe family it was 
 purchafed by Mr. Bland of London. 
 In the windows cf the chapel are the 
 arms of the Nevih, Beeftcns. &c. 
 The Gales family had an eftats here 
 formerly, and were numerous 5 after 
 
 which that of the Hills had it, who 
 fold it to aid. Kitchingman of Leeds. 
 Here is a hof. for widows, founded 
 end endowed, wkh 60 /. a year for 
 ever, l>y the lady of Sir John Hewley. 
 Cat-Beeiron, or" Woody-Beeftcn, is a 
 Lp. in the fame p. which did bel. to 
 the Latimers, and afterwards went to 
 the Milners, merchants of Leeds ; of 
 whom William Milncr, Efq; the late 
 Ld. was a great benefactor to its 
 ch. f. 
 
 BE LIY, (Won.) near the city of 
 Worceftcr, is a Lp. that bel. formerly 
 to Edmund de Mortimer, and was af- 
 terwards alienated to the Beauchamps, 
 Es. of Warwick ; but on the attainder 
 of one of them, ir. the R. of -Rich. II. 
 Thomas Hoiiand, D. of Surry, had 
 a grant of it in fpecial tail. It was 
 afterwards the feat and native place 
 of the great Ralph Sheldon, -Efq; 
 
 8^3? Be i. EFORP, (JVcrttumli.) a 
 little to the N. cf Woller, formerly 
 the Lp. of Walter de Huntercomb, as 
 rppcndant to the barony of Muf- 
 champ. It was afterwards alienated 
 to the family of Me'nhill ; by a 
 diUighter of which it went at length 
 to John, Ld. Darcy. Here is a Mt. 
 on 1'u. and Fairs on Tu. before mit- 
 ^ur.day, and /Ivg. 12. 
 
 BELFAST, {Line.) a clean village, 
 with a fine fpring 5 where in the 
 laft century was the ffat of Michael 
 Mcncion, 'Efq; one of Oliver Crom- 
 wei's iuitices of the peace. It {rands 
 to the' S. E. of Beiwood-hall. 
 
 BE i GRAVE, (Leic.) am. N. of 
 LeicriJer, is a pleafant fruitful village 
 on the banks cf the Soare, where 
 many perfons of note have hud feats 
 and eftatcs ; particularly William de 
 Belgrave, to whom the Lp. wa? given 
 by the E. of Leicester, to hold as of 
 his hcnour cf Leice'ier ; and in the 
 Ch. are feveral monuments and arms 
 of the Belgraves family. 
 
 BEI.SYSE, (Midd.} though now 
 in ruins, was formerly a fine feat of 
 Ld. Wotton, and afterwards of the 
 late E. of Chcrterfirltl, on the S. W. 
 fide oi liampitead-h:li, where was a 
 chape!,
 
 B E 
 
 B E 
 
 chapel, and a deer-park. This place 
 was of fpecial note in 1720, the fa- 
 mous fouth-fea year, when it was 
 turned into an academy fur mufick, 
 dancing, and play ; and not a little 
 frequented by realon of its neighbour- 
 hood to London. 
 
 BELTON, (Leic.} bet. Loughbo- 
 rough and Stanton-Harold, has Fairs 
 on Friday after 'Trinity-Sunday, and 
 Aug. 15. though no Mt. 
 
 BEL TON, (Lin;.} within a m. of 
 jGrantharrij with a large park and fine 
 gardens, is the feat of Ld. Tyrconnel, 
 and one of the moil regular and beau- 
 tiful in the Co. 
 
 HELTON, (Line.} in the ifle of 
 Axholm, on the b. of Yorkshire, is 
 a parfonage which bel. to the corp. of 
 Lincoln. 
 
 BELTON, (Rut!.} a chapelry to 
 Ridlingtcn, or elfc to Wardiey, is a 
 little T. within the limits of the old 
 foreft of Lyfield, which, in the R. 
 of Edw. II. and a long time after, was 
 the manor of William le Blount and 
 his poilerity, the Lds. Montjoy, and 
 had grants for 2 Fairs in a year, which 
 aot find are continued. From 
 th* Blounts it parted to the family of 
 Haiilwood, who, in the R. of Jam. I. 
 o^nveyed it to Thomas Philips and 
 (icorgc Butler ; but it is now the ma- 
 nor and feat of the Ld. Willoughby 
 of Broke. Several eftates in this p. 
 were formerly abbey-lands. 
 
 BELV.OIR, or as it is commonly 
 called BEVEK-CASTLE, (Line.'} 
 4 m. from Giantham, and 83 from 
 London, was, according to Carrulc.i, 
 and others, built by Robert de Te- 
 denci, or Tctcncio, a noble Norman, 
 to whom William the Conqueror gave 
 this, and 30 other manors in this Co. 
 and who erefted a priory near it, 
 which was "a cell to St. Albans in 
 Kaitfordihire. It afterwards came to 
 the family of Ld. Roos, or Rofs ; 
 from whom, by marriage of a female 
 heir, it pafied to Sir Robert Manners, 
 whole fon, the E. of Rutland, rebuilt 
 the caftlr, which had been demolished 
 in die R. of Hen. II. and it has con- 
 
 tinued the feat of that family, who 
 are now Ds. of Rutland, ever lincc : 
 and a very magnificent one it is, this 
 noble family having, for fev^nl gene- 
 rations, fpared no coft to render it de- 
 lightful, Co as to anfww its name, for 
 it affords a charming profpect into 
 the Cos. of Nottingham, Derby, Lei- 
 cefter, Rutland, and Northampton- 
 fhirc, as well as over the fruitful val- 
 ley undent, which, for the moft part, 
 bel. to the D. and fpreads from this 
 Co. into thofe of Leicefter and Rut- 
 land. In the fine gallery of this no- 
 ble feat are fine family, and other pic- 
 tures, buth ancient and modern j par- 
 ticularly the original one of K. Cli. I, 
 as he fat at his trial. 
 
 83 s BE MISTER, (Dtrj'ct.) 9 m. 
 S. W. of" Ever/hot, is a peculiar vi- 
 caridge of the Ch. of Sarum, had a 
 chantry cnce, but now a good ch. f. 
 and was late the feat and manor of 
 Mrs. Giirbid. Here is a Mt. onT. 
 and a Fair 6'^>/. 8. 
 
 BEN EN DEN, (Kent,} near Rol- 
 venden and Cranbrook, and adjoining 
 to the p. of F erfliam, bel. in the R. 
 of Edw. III. to .1 family of the lame 
 name ; but pa;ied, by marriage of the 
 female heir to Sir William Brenchley, 
 Ld. Ch, Jufh of the Common-Pleas, 
 as it did afterwards to the Mores of 
 Ivy -Church, who removed hither, and 
 new built the irunfion-houfe, which 
 they called More-court. They lived 
 here above 100 years, and then ibid it 
 to Mr. William Watts, whole polle- 
 rity have lincc enjoyed it. 
 
 BEXF L E R T Migna, (Effex,} near 
 Canvey-ifland, had a caillc 'heretofore 
 built by a Danifh commander, who 
 much infeited the Enghih from it. 
 The Ch. bel. to Weitminrter-abbey ; 
 and here was formerly a chantry. 
 The lady Appleton had a feat heie 
 not long iince. 
 
 BENGWOKTK,' (Wore.} on the, 
 ride of the Avon, oppoiite to Eve- 
 fham, to which it is a chapel as well 
 as fuburb, and enjoys the privileges of 
 that corp. Here is a ch. f. for 30 
 boys, Hiaistained by a legacy of 2000 /. 
 left
 
 B E 
 
 B E 
 
 left by Mr. Deaclc, a woollen-draper 
 in St. Paul's Church-yard, who was 
 a member of Ft. for Eve/ham. 
 
 BENHALL, (Sujf.) near Saxrruind- 
 ham, formerly the Lp. of the Uf- 
 fords, then of the De la Poles, Es. 
 of Suffolk; but on Michael De la 
 Poles' s attainder, Rich. 11. granted it 
 to John oc Holland, E. of Hunting- 
 den. It is now the feat of Sir Ed- 
 ward Duke, Bart. 
 
 BENIN G TON, (Hart.} near the 
 ji:;d\vay bet. Hartford and Baldcek, 
 was formerly uunjiaied of Alexander 
 de Baliol by John dc Bcnfted, who. 
 icing a juftice itinerant, obtained a 
 grant for a court-leet, a Mt. on W. 
 and a Fair o,n St. Peter and Paul's 
 /!'.' v, with divers other privileges 
 fmce loft. Hib family enjoyed it four 
 fuccefiions ; but it came "at' length to 
 the Bourchicrs, Es. of Eilex, whofe 
 fur.r.le iliue carried it to Sir William 
 Fair, who forfeited it to the crown 
 by his treafon ; fince which, it has 
 pafled through diveis hands to the 
 C;itrs, the prefent Ld-. of it. It 
 had once a cafile on a hill, the deep 
 ditches of which are ftill to.be feen. 
 
 St. RENNETS, (Norf.) a little to 
 the S. li. of Rcpeham, commonly 
 called St. Rennets in the Holme, ;'. e. 
 a river-ifiand, hid formerly a mon. 
 built by the Danifh K. Canute, and 
 Jo fortified by the monks, th;:t it was 
 more like a caftle than a cloiiler, and 
 held cut fo long againft William the 
 Conqueror, that he could not take it, 
 'till it w;;s betrayed to him by one of 
 the monk?, on condition that he 
 fhould be abbot ; but he wrs hanged 
 for his treachery. The foil of this 
 ifland is very fenny. 
 
 BENSHtNTTON, Or BENSON, 
 
 (Oxf.) on the Thames, a little be- 
 low it? conjunction with the liis. It 
 was formerly the eftate of the Hol- 
 lands, Es. of Kent. The parfona'.;.? 
 of its Ch. which is a donative, VIMS 
 given by Hen. VIII. to his college of 
 Chrift-church, Oxford. In the neigh- 
 bourhood was a royal palace, for- 
 merly a beautiful ftrufturtr, tut very 
 much decayed, byieafonof its fctca- 
 
 tion near boggy low grounds. The 
 Roman way caft up bet. Alcefter and 
 Wallin ford, goes over the Thames 
 here on the W. fide of the Ch. and is 
 called by the bh. Medler's Bank. 
 
 BKNTLEY, (WVw.)bet. Kingf. 
 bury and Shiftock in the p. of which 
 it lies, though 2 m. to the N. of it, 
 was formerly the eflate of the Cam. 
 vils, and afterwards of the Aftleys, 
 the Curfons, and the Cifles. 
 
 BF. N T o N Magna,OT Mickle-Ben- 
 ton, (NerthtarJ>.) near Newcaftle. 
 Sir Philip Somerville of StaffordlTiire 
 having had grants from the crown, of 
 feveral manors in this part of England, 
 for his fervices to the Baliol family, 
 gave the Church here with certain 
 lands in the parirti to Baliol-col- 
 lege, Oxford, for the perpetual main- 
 tenance of 6 fchohrs, to be elected 
 out of this and the neighbouring Ts. 
 Here was formerly a chantry. 
 
 B E N T o N Parva , or Little-Ben- 
 ton, near the former, was, in the 
 R. cf Edw. II. the Lp. of Jeffery de 
 Scrope of Mafham in York (hire. In 
 that of K. John, it was the eftate of 
 William Heron. Then it came te 
 the Lds. Grayftock ; and in that of 
 Hen. VI. it bel. to William Fits- 
 Hugh, and now it is the feat of Wil- 
 liam Bigge, Efq;. 
 
 BKNWELI,, (Nortkumb.} near 
 Newcafrle, where feveral urns with 
 coins in them were found not long ago, 
 is the feat of Robert Shafto, Efq;. 
 The proprietors of the adjacent col- 
 liery have fet up a ch. f. to inftrudl 
 70 poor children of the pit-men in 
 the chriftian religion. 
 
 BKNWVKE, (Kortbuwb.) in the 
 ward of Coquetdale, was one of the 
 manors which K. Edw. IV. be- 
 ftowed upon his brother, the D. of 
 Clarence ; and was afterwards part 
 of the eftate cf the family of the 
 Percys, Es. of Northumberland ; but 
 upon the attainder of Henry, E. of 
 Northumberland, in the R. of Edw. 
 IV. it paiTcd to the i.rown. 
 
 BERUON, (E/fx,) a little to the 
 S. of Clavcring, on the b. of Hart- 
 , formerly lei. to the priory 
 here.
 
 B E 
 
 B E 
 
 here, viz. both the manor and the 
 reftory of the Ch. But after the 
 ref. the whole was granted to Henry 
 Parker, to be held of the crown in 
 cafite ; and from his heirs they came 
 to Sir Thomas Ramfey, Ld. mayor 
 of London,who fettled them in truft on 
 the Ld. mayor and commonalty of the 
 city, for the ufe and benefit of Chrift- 
 Ch. Hof. which enjoys the profit of 
 the eftate ; and the governors nomi- 
 nate a chaplain for the cure of fouls, 
 who is licenfed by the Bp. of Lon- 
 don. 
 
 gj> BERE-REGJS, (Dorfetjb.) 
 (lands on a rivulet of its own name, 
 near its influx into the r. Piddle, bet. 
 Wareham and Middleton, and 92 m. 
 from London. 'Twas for a long time 
 the feat and manor of the ancient family 
 oftheTurbervils,and the chacewasthe 
 Bp. of BriftoPs. Here is a Mt. on 
 W. and a ch. f. 
 
 ^BERKELEY, (Gloc.} i8m.fr. 
 Glocefter, and 89 cm. and in mm. 
 from London, is the largeft p. in the 
 Co. being 24 m. in compafs. 'Tis 
 governed by a mayor, and aid. and 
 gives title of E. as well as furname to 
 the ancient family of the Berkelcys, 
 who have a caftle here, where the 
 room in which K. Edward II. was 
 imprifoned, is ftill to be feen. The 
 Severn, for almoft 6 m. runs by this 
 p. which lies fo low, that it is reck- 
 oned neither pleafant nor healthy, 
 but 'tis famous for producing good 
 cheefe. This manor, which is 
 termed in old records, the honor, of 
 Berkeley, is one of the largeft in 
 England, moft of the Ts. in its H. 
 and many other places in the Co. be- 
 ing in all near 30 ps. depending up- 
 on it; and the lands that are held of 
 it are reckoned worth 30000 /. a 
 year. Here was a famous nunnery, 
 to which the manor did be!. 'til! a lit- 
 tle before the conqueft, when God- 
 win E, of Kent, fending a beautiful 
 youth, who debauched the nuns, and 
 even the Lad. abbefs, prevailed with 
 the devout K. Edward to take it horn 
 them, and give it to him, Y/iilb.rr. 
 
 the Conq. no fooner obtained the 
 crown, but he gave this manor to 
 Roger, a Norman, who thereupon 
 affumed the name of Berkley ; but 
 having no children, it defcended to 
 William his nephew, whofe fon Ro- 
 ger was violently ejected out of the 
 caftle and honor, and the maner 
 was given in the R. of Henry II. 
 to Robert Fitzharding, whofe pofte- 
 rity have enjoyed it ever fmce, they 
 having changed their name to Berk- 
 ley, when they came to refide here. 
 The impropriation of the ch. which 
 is a very large handlbme ftruclure, 
 reckoned worth 300 /. a year, was 
 the pofleflion of the abby of St. 
 Auftin in Brifrol, fill the ref. when 
 K. Henry VIII. granted it to the 
 dean and chapter there ; but it is 
 now become the eftate of the E. of 
 Berkeley by exchange. Here is a 
 ch. f. and the Mt. is on W. and the 
 Fairs May 3, and July 20. 
 
 {^BERKHAMSTED, (Hart.^zq. 
 cm. and 30 mm. from London, was 
 anciently a Roman T. and Roman 
 coins have often been dug up here. 
 Some of the Saxon Ks. kept their 
 courts, and held their great councils 
 here. Will, the cenq. who fwore here 
 to the nobility to prelerve the laws 
 made by his predecdTors, gave this 
 manor to Robert E. of Morton, who 
 'tis faid built a caftle here, but re- 
 belling in Normandy againft K. Hen. 
 I. he feizcd it, together with the ma- 
 nor. K. Henry II. kept his court 
 here, and granted it all the laws and 
 liberties it had enjoyed under Edward 
 the confeflbr, particularly that no 
 Mt. fliouKl be within 7 m. of it, 
 that the inh. mould not be obliged to 
 attend at any ailizes or feflions ; and 
 that their merchandize fhould pafs free 
 of toll or cuftom through England, 
 Normandy, Aquitain, and Anjou. 
 This place gives title of Marquis to 
 the D. of Cumberland, though, till 
 the year 1726, it was always appro- 
 priated to the Prince cf Wales. In 
 the R. of Henry III, it was a bor. 
 and in the 141(1 of Edw. III. font 
 F mem
 
 B E 
 
 members to Pt. There bel. to this 
 honor and manor n townfhips in 
 this Co. 15 in Bucks, and 27 in 
 Northamptonfhire, which arc obliged 
 to pay homage, and chuie conftables 
 here. K. James I. to whofe children 
 this place was a nui fcry,made it a corp. 
 by the name of bailiff and burgeffes of 
 Eerkhamfted St. Peter, the burgefies 
 to be 12, to chufe a recorder and 
 town-clerk, to have a prifon, &c. 
 but the corp. was fo impoveriihed by 
 the civil wars in the next R. that the 
 government dropp'd, and has not 
 been llnce renewed. Its Mt. which 
 is on M. is much decay'd, though it 
 is a pretty Jarge T. with a handfome 
 broad ftreet, of a good length. What 
 remains of the caftle, which is but 
 one third of it, was, not long sgo, 
 Mr. Carey's, now the feat of the Ro- 
 per's family. The other two thirds 
 were burnt down in the R. of Ch. I. 
 and are only to be known now by the 
 moats and wails. Here is a fpacious 
 ch. which has II cf the apoilles on 
 its pillars, with each of them afen- 
 tence of the creed ; and on the 1 2th 
 pillar is St. George killing the dra- 
 gon. Mr. John Saver and his wife- 
 gave I3oo/. to build an aim. here 
 lor 6 poor widows, and 50 /. a year 
 for their maintenance. Befides a 
 ch. f. here is a free grammar f. a 
 handfome brick ftrudlure ; which \\as 
 10 years in building, and is well en- 
 dowed, the K. being patron, and the 
 warden of All-fouls college in Oxf. 
 vifitor. St. John's chapel in the 
 ch. is ufed only by the mafter, ulher, 
 and fcholars. The Fairs here are on 
 ^Lrmc-Tu. l7bit.M.Junez<), and 
 .'. Java's Day. 
 
 BERRICK-PRIORY, (Oxf.) a 
 hnrclet in the p. of Newington, 4 
 re. N. W. of Watlington, npted fcr 
 chalk-pits, in which is found a fort 
 of iron-coiour'd terra lapidofa, in 
 the very bcx'.y of the chalk, which 
 the diggers call Iron-moulds. 
 
 BIRRICK-SALOME, (Oxf.) to 
 the S. E. of the former, near Wat- 
 lington, is a rectory, united to the 
 vicarage cf Cbalgrove. 
 
 B E 
 
 BERRY-POMERY, (/>**.) near 
 Totnefs, to which the p. joins by a 
 bridge Over the Dart, is fo called film 
 the Pomery's fr.ir.ily, defcended from 
 Radulph de Pcmery, v.ho held this 
 T. and about 50 other Lps. herea- 
 bouts, in the days of William the 
 conqueror. 
 
 BERRY-CASTLE, in its neigh- 
 bourhood, was firft built by the Pom- 
 cry's above-mentioned, and moft no- 
 biy enlarged by Sir Ed\\aid Seymour, 
 Bt. in the R. of Charhs I. but dc- 
 moli/hed dunng the civil wars. 'Tis 
 ftill the feat of a Bt. of the fame fa- 
 mily. 
 
 BERWIC, (Ilartf.) near a r. that 
 runs from Wars to Puckcridge, about 
 midway bet. both, was in the R. of 
 Q._Mary I. the Lp. of Sir John Pe- 
 ters, Kt. from whom it paffl-d thro* 
 feveral hands to Edward Chefter, 
 Efq; its late Ld. 
 
 B E s K w o o n-Lo D G E, (Nottir.%. ) 
 icands in a park to the S. of the fo- 
 re ft of Sherwood, the grant of which 
 has, from time to time, been much 
 folicited by the favourites of our mo- 
 narchs. Sir John Byron obtained it 
 in the R. of Henry VIII. Thomas 
 Markham, Efq; in the R. of Q.^ 
 Elizabeth ; and f;nce that it has been 
 enjoyed by three Es. of Rutland fuc- 
 ceflively. After them the I>d. Wil- 
 loughby of Parham had it in Leale. 
 Since the civil wars, it has been 
 turned into inclofures, and much of 
 it has been ploughed. 
 
 BEESELSI.EIGH, or BESI L s- 
 LEIGH, (Bvk,) 3 rn. S. W. of Ox- 
 ford, fo called from the Befil's fami- 
 ly, which flourished here many ages, 
 'till the i6th century, w! en it came 
 to the Fcttiplaces, of whom it was 
 purcliafed by Mr. Speaker Lcntr.all, 
 in whofe family it did, very late'y, if 
 it does net ftill remain. 
 
 BESTHORP, vv/go Bz STRUP, 
 (Kott.) a hr.mlet to Cauntcn, on 
 the b. of Lincoln/hire, bel. formerly 
 to the family cf the fame name, and 
 lately to Mr. Thomas Briftow, who 
 improved it very much. It has a ch. f. 
 
 Bis.
 
 B E 
 
 B E 
 
 BEST ON, N. (Nott.) near Len- 
 ton and Bramcot, bel. heretofore to 
 the Bcauchamps, fome of whom 
 gave it to the priory of Wymondly, 
 in Hartford/hire. K. Hen. VIII. 
 granted it to James Needham, who 
 fold it to William Bolles, from whom 
 it reverting to the crown, Q^ Eliz. 
 pafled it to Benjamin Harris and Ro- 
 bert Morgan. 
 
 BTCHWORTH-CASTLE,(W.) 
 in the p. of Darking, frauds on a 
 knoll not far from Boxley-hiil. The 
 E. of Warren granted it to Edward 
 II. In the R. of Edward III. it was 
 in the poflefilon of Roger Hufc, and 
 afterwards in that of Fitz-Alan,E. of 
 Arundel. After his family, it was 
 long in poflefiion of the Brown's fa- 
 mily, of which Sir Adam Brown, 
 being the laft heir male, it was 
 brought, by the marriage of his niece 
 and heirefs, to the family of Mr. Fen- 
 wick, who lately pulled down the 
 greateft part of the caftle, and turned 
 it into a dwelling-houfc. 
 
 BET HERS DEN, (Ken!,) a little 
 to the S. W. of Afliford, in which 
 p. there is a manor, called Betherf- 
 den Lovelace, from its ancient own- 
 ers of that name, one of whom, a 
 mercer of London, founded a perpe- 
 tual chantry here, confirmed by Hen- 
 ry VI. but the eftate was at length 
 conveyed by Col. Richard Lovelace, 
 to the Hulfes, a Che/hire family. 
 
 g^f- BE T L E v, (S:a/.} about 5 m. 
 W. of Newcaftle - Under- Line, acd 
 from Namptwich in Cheshire, and 
 120 cm. from London, has a Mf. 
 on Tu. Fair July 20. The manor 
 bel. formerly to the Lds. Audley. 
 
 BETSHANGER , (Kent,) near 
 Knowhon, was at the conquclt the 
 manor cf Sir Robert Porch, after- 
 ward;, that of the Marnay's family. 
 In the R. of Edw. III. it bel. to 
 John do Soles, and in that of Ri- 
 chard II. to Bertram de Tencrey, 
 whofe uel'cendants fold it to Mr. 
 Rutter, from whom it pafied to 
 Litchfield, and then to Thomas Cox, 
 Efij;. of Sandwich, who fold it to 
 
 Mr. Bois, in whofe family it was 
 lately, if it be not ftill. 
 
 Little BELSHANGER is a feat in 
 this p. which bel. to the Cliderows 
 till the latter end of Henry VIII. 
 when it parted with the female heir 
 in marriage to Thomas Sloughton, 
 who fold it to John Goikin, and he 
 to Mr. Bois. 
 
 BETEWORTH, ( War. ) not far 
 from Solihull, was in the R. of 
 Hen. HI. made a chapel of eafe to 
 Tamworth, by a licenfe from the 
 pope, on condition of paying a \\ ax- 
 candle of a pound yearly to the mother 
 ch. It was formerly a manor of the 
 Monforts, then of the Cateibys, and 
 then it was fold to Thomas Green, 
 whofe pofterity now do, or did lately 
 enjoy it. 
 
 BEVERCOTES, (Nott,) near W. 
 Markham, to the vicarage of which 
 it has been joined ever fmce the fall 
 of its ch. about 60 years ago. It was 
 formerly the manor of a family of 
 its name till the R. of Edward VI. 
 when it came by marriage to the 
 Molineux family, after which it was 
 fold to the E. cf Clare, anceilor of 
 the prefent L>. of Newcaftk. 
 
 * BEVERLEY,(nr^.E.R.)6m. 
 
 from Hull, 22 from York, 142 cm. 
 179 mm. from London, Stands near 
 the r. Hull, to which the townfmen 
 drew a channel of 6 furlongs for the 
 conveyance of boats and barges. The 
 imgifiratcs were at firft 12 governors 
 and wardens, and by the favour of 
 Q^Eliz. and K. James II. had a 
 mayor, recorder, and 12 aid. &c. 
 In the Saxons time, a men. was built 
 here by John de Beverley, who re- 
 tTed into it aft;r he renounced the 
 Ar^hBk. of York, and the T. itfelf 
 was made a fan&uary for debtors, 
 and all perfons fufpefled of capital 
 crimes, bcfides being exempted from 
 toll or cuftom in any T. or port of 
 England. The minfter here, which 
 is a neat ftruclure, founded by K. 
 Athelftan, is now a parochial Ch. 
 ha-; feveral mcmimcnts of the Piercies 
 Es. of Northumberland, and a tomb 
 Fa of
 
 B E 
 
 of two virgin filters, who gave 
 the T. a piece of land, into which 
 any freeman may put three milch 
 kine, from March 25, to Seft. zg. 
 The Ch. was beautifully repaired not 
 kng ago, by help of a brief procured 
 in 1710, and of a Aim of money 
 granted by K. George I. who alfo 
 gave the ftone for it from a diffolved 
 men. of St. Mary's in York. Sir 
 Michael Wharton alfo gave 500 /. in 
 his life-time, and 4000 /. by will, as 
 a perpetual fund, to keep it in repair. 
 St. Mary's is another Ch. and both 
 together are reckoned the fineft and 
 largeft in the kingdom. Several 
 Iprings run through the T. and the 
 liberties of it include about loo Ts. 
 and parts of Ts. in Holdernefs and 
 other traifb of this riding. Here is a 
 ft. f. which is improved by 2 fellow- 
 fhips, 6 ichclarfhips, and 3 exhibi- 
 tions in St. John's college in Cam- 
 bridge bel. to it, befides a ch. f. a 
 work-houfe,and 7 slms-ho. the largeft 
 built by the executors of Michael 
 Wharton, Efq; who left 1000 /. for 
 it by his will. The ftreets are fpa- 
 cious, and well paved. There is as 
 good company here as at St. Ed- 
 rtiund's-Bury,, the rather becaufe the 
 adjacent country affords much game j 
 and it being the neareft T. of any note 
 to the centre of this riding,thefdrions 
 are always held here ; and here is 
 not only a goal, but an office eiedted 
 for the publick regifter of all deeds, 
 wills, &c . that affedr. any lands, Y. 
 in this riding, purfuant to an at of 
 Pt. in 1708. The principal mfs. of 
 this T. are malt, oatmeal, and tann'd 
 leather ; but the chief fupport of the 
 poor people is the weaving of bone- 
 lace. It has a Mt. for cattle from 
 the beginning of Lent till after Midf. 
 and another everyS.for corn ; and great 
 variety of filh, fowl, and other provi- 
 fions are brought to both in plenty. 
 The Mt. place contains 4 acres, and 
 is adorned with a beautiful crofs, fup- 
 ported by eight free-ftone columns, 
 each of one entire ftone, ere died at 
 the charge of its late members of Pt. 
 
 B E 
 
 Sir Charles Hotham, and Sir Miles 
 Wharton. Its Fairs are Eajier W. 
 dfril-.fi, June 14, Off. 25, but its 
 chief is in all Rogation Week, held 
 in a fheet called Londoners -flreet, be- 
 cauie then the Londoners bring down 
 their \Vares hither to fell by whole- 
 fale to the country traders. The 
 trade of this place is very much in- 
 creafed fince 1727, that, by act of 
 Pt. the creek, or cut abovementioned, 
 called Beverly-back, from the T. ta 
 the r. Hull, which runs into the 
 Humber, has been rendered navigable 
 for larjie veflels. ' The D. of Quecnf- 
 bury has title of Marquis from this 
 T. a? well as from Qiaeenfbury, It 
 has fent 2 BurgelTes to Pt. ever fince 
 the 26th of Edw. I. except fome in- 
 tenniiTions in the Rs. of Edw. II and 
 III. There are 4 common paftures 
 near the T. containing 1000 acres, 
 in which every burgefs or free-man 
 may keep 12 head of cattle. In one 
 of them to the E. called Swine-moor, 
 there's a kind of fpaw, which hath 
 cured many fores, ulcers, &c, by 
 wafhing and bathing. Sir Charks 
 Hotham, Bt. abovementicned, has a 
 fine manfien-houfe in the T. ?. d 
 Mr. Moyfcr another, very reran: ka- 
 ble for its gardens, and the curious 
 paintings in and about them. The 
 heirs of Sir Miles Wharton have an- 
 other feat, a m. from the T. at Be- 
 veriey-park. 
 
 BEVERSTON-CASTLE, (Gloc.} 
 I m. N. W. from Tedbury, was 
 built in theR. of Edw. III. by Tho- 
 mas E. of Berkeley, out of the ran- 
 foms of the prifoners he took at 
 the buttle ofPoicliers,under the black 
 Prince. It had a tower at each of 
 of it? four corners, one of which 
 was lately, if it be not ftill remain- 
 ing, and had a garrifon in the civil 
 wars, fometimes for Ch. I. and 
 fometlmes againft him. This cattle 
 and the manor pailed from the Berke- 
 ley's to the families of Gourney, 
 Ap-Adams, and Fleetwood, from 
 which laft they came to the late Sir 
 Henry Kicks. A Mt, and Fair 
 were
 
 B E 
 
 wnrc granted to this place in the R. 
 of Edward I. but they have been 
 long diluled. 
 
 BEVINGTON-COCK, (lfar. ) a 
 kimlet of Salford-Priors, with which 
 it has gone ail along to the fame 
 Lds. and is, or lately was, the eftate 
 of Sir Simon Clerke, Bt. or his 
 heirs. 
 
 BEVINGTON-WOOD, (War.} a 
 hamlet alfo of Salford-Priors, was in 
 the Conq 's time granted to the ca- 
 nons of Kenelworsh, who, in the 
 R. of Henry VII. leafed it to Wil- 
 liam Grey the ekicr, whofe fon pur- 
 chafed it from the Canons. It after- 
 wv.ids palied to Thomas Randolph, 
 in whofePoiterity'tisfuppofedftill to 
 
 BEWCASTLE, ( Cum'\ } or Bu- 
 ETH-CAST LE, as it is fpelt in fome 
 records, ftunds upon the r. Leven, 
 above Sollom-mofs, and is faid to 
 have been built about the time of the 
 Norman conquefr, by one Bueth. In 
 the R. of Edw. II. it was the pofief- 
 fion of Adam de Swinburn, and 
 paiTed by marriage of his grandaugh- 
 tef to Sir form de Striveling. Q^ 
 Eliz. had a ("mall garrifon in this caf- 
 tle, it being among the mountains 
 on the S:ots b. 
 
 % BEWDLEY, (Jforc.") near the 
 fcreft of W) re, and on the W. fide of 
 the Severn, o\er which it has a large 
 ftonc-bridge, 92. cm. and 122 mm. 
 from London. It font burgeifes to 
 Pt, fo early as Edw. I. after which 
 there was a long interruption. Edw, 
 IV. granted it great privileges, both 
 by land and fca, and Hen. VII. who 
 built a palace near it at Tickenhall 
 for his fon Prince Arthur, which 
 was deftroyed in the civil wars, grant- 
 ed it additional privileges, which 
 were confirmed by Henry VIII. K. 
 J^mes I. incorporated it by the name 
 ot bailiffs and burgeiTcs, and granted 
 it a recorder, fteward, town-clerk, 
 12 capital burgefles, and 2 ferjeants 
 at mace ; but a iurrender of his 
 charter was procur'd in the R. of 
 Charles II. and in the next R. it 
 was obliged, by the violence of the 
 
 B E 
 
 times, to accept of another. Never- 
 thelefs, on a trial in 1707, the afore- 
 faid furrender w as judged to be void, 
 and a new charter was obtained of 
 Q^Anne, which granted the privile- 
 ges of the old one. In confequence 
 of this 2 members were returned to 
 Pt. and 2. returns made to the ftie- 
 riff, the one made by the bailiff of the 
 old corp. and the other by the bailiffof 
 the new ; and a petition being lodged 
 in behalf of the old corp. it occali- 
 oned a difpute in Pt. and at law, 
 which, after great expence, was de- 
 termined in favour of the new char- 
 ter, fince which only one member 
 has been elefted for this bor. This 
 is a populous place, of confiderable 
 trade ; for, by means of the Severn, 
 great quantities of fait, (it being but 
 8 m. from Droitvvich) iron ware, 
 glafs, Manchefter goods, &c. are 
 put on board barges here, and at 
 Glocelter on board troughs, for Bril- 
 tol, Bridgevvater, and other ports. 
 Its Ch. is only a chapel of eafe to 
 that of Ribbesford on the other fide 
 of the r. Here was formerly a chan- 
 try. The T. is well fupply'd with 
 corn, malt, leather, and Monmouth 
 caps bought by the Dutch failors. 
 It has a Mt. every 5. for hops, and 
 Fairs April 23, July 26, Nweir.b. 
 3. 
 
 (j^BlCISTER, BlSSETER, Or 
 
 BUKCESTER, (Oxf.) near a rivulet 
 that runs into the Charwel at Iflip, 
 ib 43 cm. and 52 mm. from London. 
 'Tisa long, ftraggling T. which once 
 had a mon. and is now moft noted 
 for its excellent malt-liquor. Mr. 
 John Coker, the late Ld. of the 
 manor, had a feat in that part of the 
 T. called the King's end ; but in the 
 Mt. end, moft of the lands were 
 the poflefiion of the late Sir William 
 Giinne, Bt. Here is a ch. f. for 
 30 boys. The Mt. is on F. and 
 Fairs on July 25, and the F. before 
 and after Michaelmas-Day. Befides 
 the ch. here is a meeting-houfe, and 
 the T. including 2 hamlets, contains 
 about 400 families. On the adjacent 
 plain are frequent horfe-races. 
 
 F 3 B;CK-
 
 B I 
 
 BICKMASSH, (Warm.) a chapel 
 of eafe to the p. of Welfoid in Glo- 
 cefterihire, on the b. of which it 
 ftar.ds. In the R. of K. John one 
 Robert Foliot was Ld. of this manor j 
 after which it came to the William- 
 fcots, who fold it in the R. of Edw. 
 I. to John de Bloxham ; by whom it 
 was pafied in that of Edw. II. to the 
 Beresfords. After this it came to 
 Philip St. Clere. In Q^Eliz's. time 
 the Lady St. John, widow of Sir Ed- 
 ward Griffith, purchafed and fettled 
 it on her fon Sir Rice Griffith, in 
 whofe pofterity it was lately, if it be 
 not ftill. The Morehalls family in 
 this Co. had feme lands here, which 
 afterwards devolved to the Cloptons ; 
 and from them pafied to the Crews 
 and Burgh; for life. 
 
 Bi CKNALLER,(&3.) nearStoke- 
 Gomer, on the N. fide of the road to 
 the Lands-End, is a manor which was 
 given to the Ch. of Wells by Dr. 
 Button, its Bp. about Anno 1272. 
 
 EIODENDF.N, (Kent,) 4m. N.E. 
 of Cranbrook, the ancient eftate of a 
 family cf the fame name ; from 
 \vhich it was ;'!ienjtLtl to 'Jic May- 
 neys, who, after having fleuri/hed 
 here a long time, fold it to Sir Ed- 
 ward Henden, Ld. Ch. Br.ron, in 
 whofe family it does, or did lately re- 
 irain. 
 
 BIDDUI.PH, (Staff.} on the con- 
 fines of Cheshire, divided into the up- 
 per, middle and lower hamlets, bel. 
 formerly to a family of that name, 
 'cly to the Eoglcys and Man- 
 ttari&gs. 
 
 BID i. Esr>EN,(J3f/b,) near Brack- 
 ley in Northampton/hire, had for- 
 merly an abbey. From hence the 
 Oufu goes to Buckingham. 
 
 BIGGIN, (War<w.} with a farm- 
 hr ; ,'t-j railed Biggin-hall, near Stoke, 
 in the l.berties of Coventry, bel. for- 
 merly t.i the pricry o!" that city ; but 
 at the P-cf. was given to its mayor 
 and corp. 
 
 6 i o o r N, near Newton, (Jfizrii-.} 
 was accicntiy called Hchr.c, lri;yjf:' 
 aiinoft encoajpafied with water, it 
 
 B I 
 
 bel. focn after the ccnqueft, to the E. 
 of Warwick, who enfeofted the Cam- 
 viles iu a part of it ; one of whom 
 granted it to Henry de Rokeby : And 
 in the R. of Hen. II. it went to the 
 canons of Lcicefter j but the mill here 
 which was given by Rob. de Holme to 
 Comb-abbey, was, at theRef. granted 
 by Hen. VIII. to Thomas Brooks, 
 and his heirs. 
 
 BIGLAND, (Lane.) ontheN.W. 
 fide of Cartmel, has been the refidencc 
 of a family of that name, erer fmce 
 the Norman conquefr. It abounds 
 with wood, and has a charming pro- 
 fpec~t of the country, and the rivers 
 Ken and Leven. There is a fine fi/h- 
 pond on the top of its afcent, large 
 and deep enough to bear a man cf 
 war. 
 
 ., _ 
 
 from Bedford, 3 5 cm. and 45 mm. i 
 London, is plealantly lituatcd on the 
 r. Ive), which is here navigable by 
 boats. It was noted, by Camden, 
 for its horfe-fair and ftone-brid^e, and 
 had formerly a mon. or rather a col- 
 lege, Or gild. It being a thoroughfare 
 bet. London and York, it is well fup- 
 plied with inns, and has 2 ch. f. Its 
 Mt. is on Tu. Fairs Feb. 2, Maud. 
 after LcwStind. Whit-Mind. July 
 21, CTt. 23, KCV. I. 
 
 BIKKNHII I.-CHURCH, BIKEN- 
 HiLL-HiLi., and BIKE N HILL- 
 MI DDL E,(W'jr.)are all inone p. to the 
 S. of Colefhill, near the road from Bir- 
 mingham to Coventry. In the R. of 
 Edw, II. Church-Bi'kenhill, which is 
 the chiefjbel. to Wa'ter Parks, whole 
 ion conveyed k: to Sir John Peache. Its 
 Ch. was fidr given to the nunnery of 
 Kenwood in this Co. and afterwards to 
 thatofMergatcinBedfoidfliire. The 
 other two hamlets, formerly reputed 
 but one by the name of Little- Bikc-n- 
 hiil, bel. in the R. of K. John, to 
 Richard de Kaines, and a good part 
 came afterwards to the nuns at Hen- 
 wood ; but after the Ref. it was puf- 
 fed out of the crown to Edward Ag- 
 iionby of Baifr.ai!, anc Henry Ilua- 
 tc:d of ScJJhvl! j and they v.cre p- -
 
 B I 
 
 B I 
 
 chafed, a little time after, by John 
 Filher of Packington, from whom 
 they defended to Sir Clement Fifhcr, 
 Bart, who enjoyed them in 1640. 
 
 BILAND-ABBEY, (York. N.R.) 
 near the valley of Rydale, called, for 
 its pleafantnefs, la Belle Land, was 
 formerly the Lp. of Roger de Mow- 
 bray, v ho founded a mon. here. 
 
 BILBROOK, (Staff.) near Cod- 
 fall, on the b. of Salop, where the 
 inh. adorn their wells on Holy-Tb. 
 with boughs and flowers. 
 
 Bir.BusGH, (Nott.) a little to 
 the N.W. of Nottingham, bel. an- 
 ciently to the Peverels, and the Va- 
 vafors ; and laftly to the Strclleys, in 
 which family it hath long continued, 
 fomc part of the manor being in 
 Strelley-park. 
 
 BILBURGH, (York. W. R.) near 
 Wetherby. A caufey is made from 
 hence to Tadcafter over the com- 
 mon, which otherwife would not be 
 paH'-ible. 
 
 ^= BlLDESTON, OrBlLSTON, 
 
 (Sujf.) 6 m. from Stow-Market, 54 
 cm. and 6$mm. from London, is noted 
 for the woollen mf. and has a good 
 Ch. but it is a dirty place, and the 
 buildings are mean. Its Mt. is W, 
 Fair Afril 23. 
 
 J3 BlLLERICAY,(.E^f,) 4m. 
 
 from Burntwood, 20 cm. and 23mm. 
 from London, is a hamlet only and 
 chapelry of the p. of Grcat-Burfted, 
 but has a confiderable Mt. on Tu. ef- 
 pecially for corn, and a Fair July 21. 
 Its chapel was once a chantry, foun- 
 ded above 200 years ago by one of the 
 family of Sulyards of Runwell. K. 
 Edw. VI. fold it with the manor to 
 one Mr. Tyrrel , and his heirs, for 
 ever, who kept the lands, but fold 
 the chapel to the T. which however 
 is faid not to have been confecrated 
 'till 1693. The living belonged 
 to the Ld. Petre ; but, it is faid, the 
 T. elects the minifter, and that he is 
 ptefented by the U. of Cambridge. 
 
 BILLESBY, (Line.) near Ayles- 
 ford, is the feat of Sir Hardolph 
 Y/afteneys, Bart, and has a ch. f. 
 
 f5> BILLESDON, (Lcit.) 7201. 
 from London, has a Mt. on P. The 
 heirs of Skeffington are now, or were 
 lately, the patrons of its Ch. The 
 manor formerly bel. to the Brude- 
 nells, anceftors of the E. of Cardigan ; 
 one of whom granted it to Harold 
 Staunton, Elq; on condition of his 
 founding a chantry here. 
 
 BILLESDUN, (Nortbumb.) is 
 near the head of the r. Coquet, and 
 the rocks of the Cheviot- hills. Li 
 the R. of Q. Eliz. it was the cftate 
 of the family of the Selbys, of whom 
 feveral were fherifts of this Co. in that 
 and the next R. 
 
 BJL LESLEY, (Wariv.} near 5m. 
 W. of Stratford upon Avon, bel. an- 
 ciently to the Es. of Warwick ; of 
 whom the Truflels afterwards held'it 
 in fee. Frorri them it palled, by fale, 
 to Sir Robert Lee, Knt. who was 
 high-fteriff of the Co. in the R. of 
 K. James I. Here was formerly a 
 chantry. 
 
 BlLLINGBAIlE,(rr*.)inWind- 
 
 for-foreft, was., for a long time, the 
 ie.it of the Ncvils, a branch of the 
 f.,miiy of the Es. of Abergavenny 5 
 and now of the E. of Portfmouth. 
 
 BILLINGHURST, (Suffix,') near 
 Horftiam, and the fource of the r. 
 Arun. The noted highway, called 
 Sranes-Street-Caufey, pafles by it to 
 Arundc!. 
 
 BJLLINGTON, a little to the S. 
 of Stafford, near the r. Sow, has the 
 traces of a large fortification ; and a 
 little .below it a pool, called Hungry - 
 1'it, in the mud of which the people 
 fet up flicks, and fore-judge the price 
 of corn in the Mts. by the rife and 
 fall of the water upon thofe Hicks. 
 The water here, without regard to 
 the weather, overflows fometimes in 
 the greateft drought, and the pit is as 
 often empty after great rains. 
 
 BILSINGTON, (Kent,) Great and 
 Little, 5 m. E. of Tcnterden. The 
 former bel. m the R. of Hen. III. to 
 Sir John Mantel, lord-keeper, uho 
 built a mon. here, which K. Hen. 
 VIII. granted, after the ref. to Sir 
 Anthony
 
 B I 
 
 B I 
 
 Anthony St. Leger, one of whofe dcf- 
 cendants fold it to Sir Francis Barn- 
 ham. Litde-Bilfington was anciently 
 the eftate of the Stapk-gates, who 
 bought it of the E. of Arundcl, and 
 claimed, by virtue of this manor, to 
 be the king's butler at his coroiution, 
 which was allowed them, 'till th.it of 
 Rich. II. From them it parted to 
 the Cheneys, one of whom fold it to 
 Sir Francis Barnham abovemcntioned, 
 in the R. ofQ^Eliz. 
 
 BILSTHOKP, (Nott.) a little to 
 the E. r.f Liru'-hurft-wood, and the r. 
 Mann, bel. formerly to the families 
 of LudJArnb and Fcltarr.b ; but it is 
 now in that of Sir Brian Broughton, 
 Bart. 
 
 BILSTON, (Staf.) ncarWolver- 
 hampten and the rca;' from London 
 to Shresvfbury. Her* is a deep orange- 
 coloured fand, which is fent for by 
 the artifts far and near, to be ufed as 
 a fpaud to caft metals in ; and it is 
 allb noted for a quarry of remarkable 
 ftone:, ly^ng horizontally one under 
 another, in twelve beds deep, every 
 bed thicker the lower they go ; fo 
 that the lowermoft is about a yard 
 thick, and the inh. make citterns, 
 troughs, fiV. of the ftcne. Su:ne of 
 it is curioufly llreaked with black. 
 Here is a ch. f. 
 
 Bit TON, (IVanv.) a little to the 
 S. W. of Rugby, was a Lp. anciently 
 in the Craft's family, then in that of 
 Charnel, and afterwards in the Truf- 
 fels ; but in tht R. of Hen. VIII. 
 came to the Veres, Es. of Oxford, 
 one cf whom fold it to John Shug- 
 borough, Efq; as he did to John 
 Boughton of Lawfcrd, Efq;. 
 
 g^> Bi N B R o K r , (Lin. ) bet.Caftor 
 and Louth, and near the road frcm 
 Market-Raifin to Grirnfby, is 1 1 5 m. 
 from London. Kere is n poor Mt. 
 on W. a Fair, and a ch. f. 
 
 BINCHESTER, on the r. Were, 
 near the city of Durham, by feveral 
 infcriptions and monuments appears 
 to have been a Roman T. and many 
 Reman coins are often dug up here, 
 which are called Binchefter-Pennys. 
 
 It was once part of St. Cuthbert's 
 patrimony, and was lately the feat of 
 Mr. Wren. 
 
 BIN DON, (Dcrfet.) f> m. S.W. of 
 Wareham, was heretofore the feat of 
 the Lds. Marney ; from whnm it 
 palled, by marriage of the female 
 heir, to Thomas Howard, the eldeft 
 fen cf the D. of Norfolk, who, by 
 Q._Eliz. was advanced to the title of 
 Vile. Howard of Bindon, as Henry 
 Howard was by Q._ Anne to the title 
 of E. of Bindon. Here was formerly 
 an abbey, and on a hill or: the S. fide 
 of this place are the remains of a 
 camp. 
 
 5> BINGHAM, (Nctt.) 86cm. 
 and 1 08 mm. from London, is a frr.all 
 T. with a Mt. on Tb. bxifc is noted 
 for a parfonage of great value, and 
 generally the next liep to a Bk. It 
 is in the gift of the E. of Chefter- 
 field, the Ld. of the minor, which 
 has parted to his family, from the 
 Pnyn'j.f^vho held it in the R. of Hen. 
 III. through thofc of Ferrers, Bing- 
 ham, Rempfton and Stapieton. Here 
 was once a mon. and their is now a 
 ch. f. 
 
 BINGLIY, (Tsrk. W. R.) upcn 
 the r. Are, near Skipton in Craven, 
 was formerly in potfetfion of the Can- 
 tiliipes ; and at laft gave title of barcn 
 to Robert Benfon, Efq; fo created by 
 (^ Anne. 
 
 BINHAM, (Norfolk,} 4 m. from 
 Welles, had formerly a mon. w hich 
 was a cell to St. Albans in Hartford- 
 fhire. K. Hen. VIII. granted it to 
 Sir Thomas Pafton. 
 
 B i K L E Y , (JVariv . ) near Coven- 
 try, bel. heretofore to its mon. and to 
 the Knts.-Hofpitallers ; but Ed. VI. 
 granted it to ' John Dudley, E. of 
 Warwick ; and on. his attainder, Q^ 
 Mary fare it to Robert Kcilvvay, and 
 his heirs. 
 
 BIRCH INGTON, (ATi'wr,) in the 
 ifleofThanet, a little to the W. of 
 Margate, was anciently the manor 
 and feat of the Quekes ; from whom 
 it parted, by marriage of a daughter, 
 to Mr. Crifpe of Oxford/hire, one of 
 whofe
 
 B I 
 
 B I 
 
 whofe defendants, Henry, being {he- 
 Tiff of Kent and knighted, was called 
 the little K. of Thanet. Here is a 
 ch. f. and a chapel bel. to Monck- 
 ton. 
 
 BIRCHOLT, (Kent,) near A(h- 
 ford, in the p. of Brabourn, bel. an- 
 ciently to a family of that name ; but 
 was afterwards alienated to Richard 
 Halk, or Hawke, in whofe family it 
 did lately, if it does not (till, remain. 
 
 BIRCHOVER, in the high peak of 
 Darby, is noted for tottering (tones 
 (landing on a rock here j one of which, 
 faid to be 4 yards high, and 12 round, 
 refts upon a point fo equally poifed as 
 to be moved with a finger. 
 
 {f^ BIRMINGHAM, or BROMI- 
 CHAM, (War.) 88 cm. and 109 
 mm. from London, is a large well- 
 built and populous T. noted for the 
 moft ingenious artificers in boxes, 
 backles, buttons, and other iron and 
 fteel-wares ; wherein fuch multitudes 
 of people are employed, that they are 
 fent all over Europe ; and here is a 
 continual noife of hammers, anvils, 
 and file?. It gives title of Baron to 
 Ld. Dudley and Ward ; had once a 
 mon. and chantry ; has annual horfe- 
 r Jces j a Mt. on Tb. snd Fairs on s'f- 
 r-.-vfion-day, Corpus-Ctrijii day, and 
 Si fit, 29. From hence the Bromi- 
 chams, Es. of Ixnith in Ireland, are 
 faid to have had their extraction. The 
 Lp. of this T. having been in pofief- 
 fion of their family, for feveral hun- 
 dred years, was conveyed, in the R. 
 of Hen. VIII. to Sir' John Dudley, 
 afterwards Vifc. Lille j who being at- 
 tainted, Q. Mary gave the Lp. to 
 Thomas Marrow, Efq; whofe pofte- 
 rity held it, about the year 1 640. 
 
 BISBROOK, (Rial.) a little to the 
 E. of Uppingham. In the R. of 
 Edw. II. the manor was in poflerfion 
 of Nevil and Middleton ; after which 
 it was given to the college of Fother- 
 ingay in Northamptonfliire. K. Edw. 
 VI. granted it to Sir Richard Lee, 
 who alienated it to Anthony Andrews, 
 Efq; whofe family held it 'till the 
 middle of the laft century j when it 
 
 was fold to the E. of Rutland, whofe 
 defcendanr, the D. of Rutland, is the 
 prefent Ld. of it. 
 
 BISCAW-WOAV, or BOSKEN- 
 NA, (Corn.) at the lands end, which 
 gives name to the family cf Bofcaw- 
 en, has a circle of 19 (tones, fixed 
 about 12 foot from one another, fup- 
 pol'ed to have been a fepulchral monu- 
 ment of the ancient Britons. 
 
 BIS'HAM, (Berkt,) on the Thames, 
 almoft oppofite to Great-Marlow, an- 
 ciently bel. to the Knights-Templar?, 
 and afterwards to the" Montacutes ; 
 of which family, the firii E. cf Sa- 
 li(bury founded a priory here. After 
 the ref. the manor came to the Ho- 
 bys, defcended from thofe of Lemp- 
 fter ; and Sir Thomas Hoby, Bt. now 
 has it. The feat of the family indeed 
 is in Dorfet/hire ; but when they die, 
 they arc generally brought for inter- 
 ment to this Ch. which, though fmall, 
 is well worth feeing. On the r. not 
 far from hence, are thofe, call'd the 
 temple, or brafs-mills, for making 
 Bifliam-abbey buttery-work, as they 
 call it, -viz. brafs-kttties and pans, 
 &c. of all forts, which were attended 
 with very great fuccels 'till 1720, 
 when it being made a bubble, it un- 
 derwent the fate of all its cotempO- 
 rary bubbles. 
 
 BISHOPSBOUR N, ( Kent, ) near 
 Canterbury, formerly bel. to Sir Tho- 
 mas Colepeppcr ; by whom it wis 
 conveyed to Sir Anthony Aucher, in 
 whofe family it now is. 
 
 3$c BISHOF'S-CASTI.E, (Sa!of,) 
 117 cm. and 150 mm. from London, 
 is a fmall T. on the r. Chin ; but an 
 old corp. which has its name, becaufe 
 it bel. heretofore to the Bps. of He- 
 reford, in whofe diocefe it lies, "till it 
 was alienated from them by Q^Eliz. 
 and granted toSirChriftopherHattcn, 
 with the priviledge of choofine mem- 
 bers of Pt. to which it made the firft 
 return in the 27th of her R. The 
 corp. confifts of a bailiff', recorder, and 
 15 aid. Its Mt. on F. is noted for 
 cattle, and all forts of commodities, 
 and much frequented by the VVelfli,
 
 B I 
 
 TO 
 
 B I, 
 
 as art its Fairs on F. before Gcod-Fr. 
 June 24, Aug. 29, Nov. 2. 
 
 BISHOFST ON, (War.') a hamlet 
 oi Stratford upon Avon, bel. anciently 
 to a family ot the fame name, 'till it 
 pa/Ted, by marriage, to Sir William 
 Catcfby, who ibid the manor-houfe to 
 William Aflcew cf Lapworth, who 
 again ibid it to Andrew Archer of 
 Tamworth, as his lucceffbr Sir Simon 
 Archer did to John and Thomas 
 Green, who are, or lately were its 
 c-,vners. It has a chapel of cafe to 
 Kington. 
 
 Bisr.EY, (Surry,) 3m. N. of 
 "VVoking, the manor of Mr. Zouch, 
 is noted for that called St. John Bnp- 
 tift's well near the Ch. of that name, 
 whofe water io colder than any other 
 in the fummer, and warmer in the 
 winter. 
 
 f^> BIT FORD, (War.} 5m. W. 
 or Stratford on the Avon, near its 
 conjunction with the r. Arrow. The 
 emprefs Maud gave the ticmefne of 
 the manor to the men. of Bordefiey ; 
 but K. John gave the tenements v.-ith 
 hio daughter toLlewellin,P. of Wale 1 ', 
 who, being thus pofTefled of ihe T. 
 obtained of K. Hen. III. the grant of 
 a Mt. here on Tu. which was after- 
 \vrrds changed to F. as it now con- 
 tinues. Llewellin gave it, in marriage 
 with his daughter, to the E. of Hun- 
 tington ; after whofe death, it parted 
 with his widow to Humphry de Bo- 
 hun, whofe daughter carried it in 
 marriage to Baldwin Wake, who fold 
 it to Robert Burncll, Bp. of Bath and 
 Wells 5 from whom it palled, fuccef- 
 fu'ely, through the families of Sir 
 John Lovell and Sir John Handlow, 
 'till by a forfeiture it fell to the 
 crown. K. Hen. VIII. granted it to 
 Gerard Danet, one of the cfquires of 
 his body, whole heir, in the R. of 
 Q^EIiz. procured a confirmation of 
 its Mt. on F. and the grant of two 
 yearly Fairs. As for the lands, and 
 the mills upon the Avcn, that were 
 given to the abovementioned mon. 
 K. Hen. VIII. granted them to Tho- 
 mas Badger, Thomas Fowicr, R-jUrt 
 Dyfon, and their heirs. 
 
 Bi T HAM-CASTLE, (Line.) near 
 Witham, on the b. of Rutlandshire, 
 which is now in ruins, was, in the R. of 
 Will. I. given to Odo, E. of Albemarle 
 and Holdernefs, who, having married 
 that Kg's. fitter, obtained it ro fupport 
 their young fon,Steph. with wheaten- 
 bread, at a time, when the greatest 
 people in thefe parts eat none but Oat- 
 loaves. K. Edw. III. dcmoliihcd this 
 cattle ; after which this place became 
 the Teat, and as it were the head of 
 the barony of the Colviles, who flou- 
 rifncd here a long time, 'till John de 
 Gernon and Ralph dc Eafiet of Sap- 
 cote became heirs of this rich inheri- 
 tance, in right of their mothers, who 
 were the filters of Edmund de Col- 
 vile. 
 
 BITHBORROW, (Kent,} a little to 
 tha N. of Hythc, was foimerly the 
 inheritance of Sir Francis Fog, whofe 
 descendant alienated it to Mr. Brock- 
 man. 
 
 BIT TON, (Gbc.) on the Avon, 
 bet. Bath and Briftcl, and thee.'ge cf 
 Kingfwocd- foreft, has a feat in if, 
 called Barrs-court, bel. to Sir John 
 Newton, Ld. of the manor. 
 
 BIWELL, (Nortlimib.) was a ba- 
 rony and caftle, held of K. Rich. I. 
 by Hugh de Baiiol, for the guard of 
 Newcaftle, near which it lies,as his an- 
 ceftors had held it from the time that 
 they were enfeofted cf the barony by 
 William Rufus. In the R. cf Rich. 
 II. John Nevil, Ld. Raby, was pof- 
 felTed of it. Here was a fair caftle 
 in Mr. Camden's time ; the file of 
 which is now the feat of Sir John 
 Fenv/ick : Below it is a moft beauti- 
 ful Weare in the Tyne for catching 
 falmon ; and in the middle of the r. 
 ftand two ftone pillar.% which for- 
 merly fuppoi ted a bridge. The corn 
 tythes are hdd by leafe under the D. 
 and Ch. of Durham. Here was for- 
 merly a chantry. 
 
 (f BT, ACKBURK, (Lam.) 8m. 
 
 E. of Prefton, and I 54 from London, 
 
 '.n the r. Darwen, from the 
 
 blackncfs of whofe water here it has 
 
 the name. It dots, or did lately t; 1.
 
 B L 
 
 B L 
 
 to the .L'acys, nnd has a Mt. on M. 
 and had formerly a chantry. 
 
 BLACKHEATH, (K:nt,) on the S. 
 lide of Greenwich, a large plain 
 whereon Watt Tyler, the Kentim re- 
 bel, mufrer'd 100,000 men ; and on 
 which is a hot', built by Sir John Mor- 
 daunt, a Turky merchant, for decayed 
 merchants. 'Tis adorned with the fine 
 feats of Sir Gregory Page, &c. and in 
 the park is a royal obfcrvatory for the 
 king's alrronomer ; to which there is 
 a fteep afcent on all fides, but one ; and 
 it has a deep dty well for observing the 
 ftars in the day time. 
 
 BL AC KDO:\, (Ssr:.) bet. Atbridgc 
 and Pcnsford, be-1. for feveral fuccef- 
 iicns to the Martins, whofe anceftor 
 came over \\ ith Will, the Conq. from 
 Tours in Fiance ; but by marriage 
 palfed into the family of Ld. Audley ; 
 and being forfeited in the R. of 
 Rich. II. was given to Hi Hand, the 
 V. of Huntington. Some lands and 
 tenements here r.el. formerly to a 
 nunnery at Taunton, but weic given 
 at the Ref. to Sir Thomas Darcy. 
 
 B i . .A c K -LA N D s , (De-v. ) is a farm 
 in the p. of Wcodbcry, not fir from 
 I'xct.T, \vhich ii he^d by lejfe from 
 the pr.efl vka;.= of rrs cathfcdtal, rc- 
 nr.\\abK: cvciy f.:vev.ih yejr. 
 
 BL AC KLOw-HiL L, {ir's.!-.} in 
 the p. of Wotton, is the place when.: 
 the Es. of Lancaster and Warwick 
 
 liam, Vifc. Lovel ; but being for- 
 feited to the crown, K. Hun. VIII. 
 gave it to William, Ld. Compton, the 
 anceftor of the Es. of Northampton, 
 in which family it continued, 'till the 
 R. of James I. when it was fold to 
 Thomas Sutton, the founder of the 
 Charter-houfe, and by him fettled on 
 that foundation. 
 
 B LAKE MORE -FOREST, (Dorfet, ) 
 
 on the E. fide of Sherburn, is alfo 
 called White - Hart - foreft, accord- 
 ing to a tradition that a beautiful 
 white hart being killed here by the 
 gentry, after K. Hen. III. who had 
 van him down, had fpared his life, he 
 laid a fine upon their Jands, which is 
 paid into the exchequer to this day, 
 by the name of white hart filver. 
 
 Bi. AKENHAM, Great and Little, 
 (%r.) a little to the S. E. of Need- 
 ban;, near the r. OrwcJl. They were 
 given by Will, the Conq. to Walter 
 Gilford, one of his captains and kinf- 
 in:>n ; an-i he gave it to the monks of 
 Bee in Normandy, who afterwards 
 made it a all to tiieir abbey. 
 
 33 s BLANDFORTJ, (Dcrfct.} 85 
 cm. HI id 107 mm. from London, an 
 ar;i.i''nt and now iarre flouri/hing bor, 
 svith a bririgc over the Stour, in the 
 couch roa.l to Exeter. It gives name 
 to one of the five divifions of the Co. 
 'Tis [,ovi-incd by 2 bailiffs, chole 
 y.-arly out of the aid. or capital bur- 
 
 of Kiiw. II. to be beheaded without 
 anv trial. 
 
 }Ji.ACK-T,\ii., (F./Jl-\;} below 
 Canvcy-ifiand or Lfigh roud, is r. p eat 
 ftoai of faad, thnt rjnsonr jjeapies 
 into the fej, and has .1 m.:-. 
 end of it, let xip V\ -1 ! h ; , 
 
 London, to h: v a .: ..: . ..k. ' i .s 
 called Skoe-Beatoo, from Shocbtny 
 Nds where it be.:,n-,. 
 
 BLACKTKOSN, (Oxf.} en the E. 
 b. cf the Co. where the true Ake- 
 m'sn-ftreet, or lioinan road, leading 
 towards Bath, enters this fhire. 
 
 Bx. A c; R A v r., (Wilts,} not far from 
 the upper and nether haven, was in 
 the R. of Hen. VI. the Lp. of WU- 
 
 by accident ; firft, in the R. of Q^_ 
 ]iliz. but was foon rebuilt, and the 
 lall t:n\e on "June 4, 1731, when the 
 lire \va:; fo quick, that few of the peo- 
 ple laved any of their goods ; and 
 the fmall-pox being rife here, at the 
 f inie time, many of the fick were 
 carried from the flames into the fields, 
 v, her-, they died. The T. is, how- 
 ever, fince rebuilt more beautifully. 
 Its chief mf.formerly was band-ftrings, 
 and afterwards (h jw-hats and bone- 
 Lice, but now malt and cloth. 'Tis 
 frequented by many gentlemen, whofe 
 feats are on the neighbouring downs, 
 and gives title of Marq. to the D. of 
 Msrlbcrcugh. Its Mt. is 5. Fairs 
 4 Feb.
 
 B L B L 
 
 Tel. 24 and Junezet. It fent mem- built the houfe, and to Sir Thomas 
 
 hers to Pt. in the Rs. of Edw.I. and Clutterbuck, it was at length pafs'd 
 
 Ldw. III. but not llnce. The quar- to colonel Plomer, whofe defcendant 
 
 ter fcfiiuns for the Co. is held here Richard Plomer, Efq; one of the 
 
 once a year. commifiioners of the board of trade, 
 
 BLANDFORD ST. MARY'S, juft is the prefent owner cf it. 
 
 by Blanc ford T. is the manor and ieat BLEASBEY, (Nott.) a hamlet of 
 
 of Mr. Pitt, a defcendant of gover- Southwell, which, in the R. of Edw. 
 
 rioi- Pitt, who was called diamond II. was the Lp. of Robert deBurftal], 
 
 Pitt, and born here. who pafled it to John deCrumbwell ; 
 
 BJ.ANKNEY, (Liec.) on the E. from whofe family it pafled to Sir 
 
 fide of the road from Sleaford to Lin- William Haftings, and from his to 
 
 coin, was anciently the barony of the William Willoughby of Wollaton j 
 
 Dcincourts, who flourifhcd, in a con- but is now the D. of Kingston's. It 
 
 tinuu! fucceriion, from the arrival of is, or was lately the feat of Mr. 
 
 the Normans to the R. of Hen. VI. Grundy. 
 
 one of whom obtained a charter for a % BLECHIKOLE Y, (Surty,}^ m. 
 
 Mt. aiid Fair here, which are long from Ryegate, and 20 from London, 
 
 fince discontinued. Since their time is a fmall ancient parliamentary bor. 
 
 it was the feat of Ld. Widdring- by prefcription, having enjoyed that 
 
 ton. privilege ever fmce I'ts. had a being j 
 
 BI.ASON, (LV.) near Hallaton, yet has no Mt. but has Fairs on June 
 
 anciently bel. to the priory of Erad- 1 1, and Nov. 2. It had a carrle, 
 
 ley, and in the R. of Rich. II. to Sir which with the manor is, or was lately 
 
 Richard le Scroop : It was afterwards in the family of Sir William Clayton ; 
 
 in the hands of Sir John Harrington to which it came, by purchafe, from 
 
 c;f Rutlandshire, who, in the R. of the E. of Peterborough. The bailiff, 
 
 Q.ELz. exchanged it for znother ma- who returns its members, is chofen 
 
 nor. One part of this T. is in Hal- yearly at the Ld. of the manor's 
 
 laton p. and the ether in that of coorr. The T. ftands en a hill, on 
 
 Medburn, the fide of Hohnfdale, with a fine 
 
 BLAXHALL, (Sufi.) in the road profpedt as far as the S. Downs and 
 
 fromOrford toFramlingham, was the SufTex : And from fome ruins of its 
 
 Lp. of Rich, de Wayland in the R. of cart le,wh!ch are (till vifible, tho' over- 
 
 Eew. I. of Earth de Bere,herfley in grown with A coppice, there is a prof- 
 
 that of Edw. III. from whom it.paf- peel E. intoKcnt,and W. intoHamp- 
 
 fed to Ed\vard de Spenfer : ar:d in /hire. Here is an aim. ?nd a fr. f. 
 
 that cf Hen. IV. it was in the family Its handfome Ch. had a fpire, which 
 
 of the Glemhams. in 1606 was confumed by lightning, 
 
 BI.EACHI.EY, (Bucks,} a little to and all the bells melted, 
 
 the W. of Fenny-Stratford, on the BLECHINGTON, (Oxf.) 6m. 
 
 Watling-fireet, or road from Dunfta- from Oxford, is the feat of the E. of 
 
 ble to Stony-Stratfcd, lias A ch. f. Ang'cfcy, in whofe grounds there is 
 
 bcfides a hoi. and a chapel, buiit and dug a fort of grey marble-ftone, of 
 
 endowed by Sir George Crook, about which his Lp. has fcveral chimney- 
 
 2 m. from the mother Ch. 'Tis pieces- and pavements : and of late, 
 
 now, or was lately the f:at of Brown tables, tomb^ftoncs, and mill-ftones 
 
 Willis, Eic; have been made of it for the oil-mills } 
 
 BI.EAKESWARE, (Hfn't.} near but it is not fit for corn-mills, becaufe 
 
 \Vi.i<>. i r . f:::r l?:\t formerly bel. to in rniny weather it is apt to fwcat, 
 
 theH ;, rsj and, after aivers folesi, like other marbles. There is a good 
 
 ti i!.- }!.!: age I'l/theifione, to Sir dcalof this ftoneufedat the E. of Cia- 
 
 Thomas Le^ .ichorpi-, Bart, vhc re- rendon's at Coventrj', and the pillars 
 
 of
 
 B L 
 
 B L 
 
 ot the porticos of St. John's-college at 
 Oxford arc built of it. 
 
 Br. E N c o w, Mag. & Par. (Carr.b.) 
 in the p. of Dacor, below Gray- 
 ftock, and on the fame r. is the ma- 
 nor of an ancient family of that name, 
 where is a very good grammar fc. 
 founded and endowed in the R. of Q._ 
 Eliz. by Mr. Thomas Bourbanke, a 
 native of the place. 
 
 BL E N K E N s H i r, (Nor thumb.) near 
 the Picts wall, juft at its entrance into 
 this Co. out of Cumberland, anciently 
 bel. to Nicholas de Boltcby, and was 
 afterwards the manor and feat of the 
 Blenkenfops. A Roman altar v, as 
 found here not many years fincc. 
 
 BLETHERWICK, ( Nortbawp, ) 
 near King's-Cliff, was the manor and 
 feat of the Engains, from Hen. II. to 
 Edw. 111. and in the R. of Q^Eliz. 
 was the feat of the Staftbrds. 
 
 BLETSOE, (edf.) on the Oufe, 
 bet. Bedford and Odehill, gives title 
 of Baron to the St. Johns, of whofe 
 family it is the feat 5 and has a fair on 
 the igth of May. 
 
 BUCKLING, (Norf. ) near Ale- 
 fham, anciently the refidcnce of the 
 famous family of the Bolens ; from 
 whence it came to the Cleres, one of 
 which family fold it to Sir Henry 
 Hobart, Ld. Ch. Juftice of the Com- 
 mon-Pleas (in the R. of K. James I.) 
 whofe ddcendant the prefent E. of 
 Buckinghamshire now enjoys it. 
 
 BLIMHILL, (Staff.] to the W. of 
 Penkridge, on the b. of Shropshire, 
 near which is Elder-Well, whofe 
 water is faid to cure fore eyes. 
 
 %$. BLITH, (Nott.) near Baw- 
 tree, in the road from Redford, is a 
 great p. with a large Ch. a Mt. on 1 b. 
 and Fair on Afcenfion-day ( which is 
 noted for fheep) and on the gth of 
 Off. Some of the Qreffy's family 
 built a hof. here, which is now called 
 Blith- Spittle, and is in the gift of 
 the Ld, of Hodfack, one of the ham- 
 lets of this Town. The Mcllifhes 
 have a pretty feat here. It had for- 
 merly both a caftle and a priory, of 
 which there are new few remains,. 
 
 r. Blith, 97 m. from London, bet, 
 Dunwich andHalefworth, in the road 
 to Yarmouth. It is reckoned ancient^ 
 from feveral Roman urns dug up not 
 many years ago among old buildings, 
 and the feflions is fuppofed to have 
 been held here in the Saxons time, 
 becaufe of its having the gaol for the 
 divifion of Beccles. Here, is a fine 
 old Ch. It had formerly a priory ; 
 and alfo a Mt. and Fair granted by 
 K. Edw. II. to John, Ld. Clavering, 
 whofe family were the ancient Lds. 
 of the manor 5 which in the R. of 
 Edw. III. came to Ralph Nevil by 
 marriage. Here.are ftill fome good 
 inns, though the Mt. is difufed. 
 
 BLITHFIET i), (Staff.) near Pa- 
 gets-Bromlcy, ha:s its name from th^ 
 r. which paffeth by it. It was, for a ' 
 good while, the eftatc of the family 
 of BHthfield, 'till it paired, by mar- 
 riage, to the Bagots of Bromley, from 
 whom is defcended its prefent owner 
 Sir Walter Wagftaff-Bagot > who ha? 
 a park here. 
 
 BLITH-HALI., (Wariu.) wasorv 
 finally a member of Shuftock ne*r 
 the r. Bourn, and bel. to the Wa- 
 vers, which family in the R.. of KJi 
 John afiumcd the name of Blith. It 
 afterwards paffcd through otjier fami- 
 lies, 'till it was conveyed to Sir Wil- 
 liam Dugdale, who here wrote njs 
 hiftory of this fliire. 
 
 BLOCKJ.F.Y, (Gloc.) bel, to the 
 
 fee, and alfo to the Co. of Worcefter,. 
 
 on the b.'ofwhkh it lies'. Before 
 
 the Ref. the Bp. of -Worcefter had. a 
 
 palace here, which is fmcedeftroycd. 
 
 Before. the reiteration, this manor 
 
 . was fold, by ordnance of Pt. to Wil- 
 
 : liam Combe j but was afterwards re- 
 
 ftored to the crowBi Here is a good 
 
 ch. f. 
 
 BLODWORTH, (Nott.) with : a 
 
 wood on the S; fide of Sherwood- 
 
 foreft, was, before the conqueft, the 
 
 . fee of the A.B. of York, who was 
 
 allowed to hunt, 9 days in a year 
 
 through the whole wood, and has ftill 
 
 divers privileges here.,, the Lp. being 
 
 Q entirely
 
 B L 
 
 TO 
 
 B O 
 
 entirely h:5. The wood is quite 
 without the bounds of the foreft. 
 Br.ORt-HEATH, (Sf.i/F.) on the 
 b. c,f S.-lop, iVmnus tor a bloody bat- 
 tle bet. the hcules cf Yoik and Lan- 
 caller, V.DV, for a long while, the ma- 
 nrr of the Ballets, who hid a good 
 fcit here with a p:,rk. 
 
 BLOXHAM, (Oxf.) near Banbury, 
 Kl. in the R. of Hen. III. to the St. 
 Amaads and in that of Rich. II. to 
 the Beauclwmps. Here is kept one 
 of the fhitutes for hiring fervants. 
 Here is a fine Ch. with an odd, but 
 agreeable lleeple, and a ch. f. 
 ' EOCKHAM, Magna & Parva, 
 (Swry,) are two villages near Lea- 
 therhead, and about 5 m. from Guil- 
 ford. The former is now the manor 
 and feat of the E. of Emngham, but 
 formerly of the families of Slifield, 
 Shiers, and Shortrudge. 
 
 BOCKINO, one of the largcft vil- 
 lages in Eflex, is only parted by a 
 irrull iheam from Braintree. ItsCh. 
 i? a deanery worth 6 or 700 /. a year ; 
 and here are fine fpacious houles of 
 clothiers, enriched by the mf. and 
 trade of bays ; -ef which this village 
 has a peculiar fort, called Dockings, 
 wherewith they drive a conliderable 
 trade to 1'ovtugal. It had heretofore 
 a mon. and chantry. That, called 
 Bocking-hall, is the feat of Sir Wil- 
 liim Barker, Bart. 
 
 BOCTON-MALHER B, (Kent,} fo 
 called from its ancient owners, the 
 family of Malhtrb, is a little to the 
 S. W. of Lenham. It palled from 
 the Malherbs to the Gattons ; from 
 whom it went, by a daughter, to 
 Willurn de Dene, who fold it to Ro- 
 bert 'orbv. By his yanJ- daughter it 
 cv.me to Sir Nicholas Wotton ; and 
 was the feat of Sir Edward, whom 
 K. James I. created Baron Wotton, 
 and of Thomas, who was Ld. Wot- 
 ton in the R. ofCha. I. and fince 
 that, of the E. of Chefterfield. 
 
 BODSNHAM, (lL-t\f.) near the r. 
 Lug, to the N. cf Amberley, had a 
 Mt. and Fair procured in 1379, by 
 the intereft of Walter Devereux, an- 
 
 oeftor to the prefent Vifc. Hereford j 
 but the former is fince diluted. 
 
 Bone SHAM, (Suffix,) 5 m. N. of 
 Battle-abbey, near the r. Rother and 
 the London road to Rye, had a cattle 
 formerly that was built by the Da- 
 lyngrugs, and afterwards bcl. to the 
 Lcwknores. 
 
 %. BODMIN, (Corw.) 195 cm. 
 and 263 mm. from London, ftands 
 bet. two hills, almoft in the centreof 
 the Co. about izm. from each of 
 the two channels. It had formerly an 
 abbey, a hof. for lazars, a ch;.ntry, 
 and was a Bp's. fee, but transferred 
 through St. Germans and Creditcn to 
 Exeter , and the remains of a palace, 
 priory and friary are ftill to be feen 
 here. Its Ch. whofe fpire was de- 
 ftroyed by a thunder-ftorm in 1 699, 
 is the larger! in Cornwal. Here is a 
 good corn and flefh Mt. on 5. and 
 Fairs on St. Paufs-day, Wed. before 
 Wtitfuntide, and on the 6th of Dec . 
 It is near a m. long, with about 300 
 houfes ; and in the R. of Hen.VlII. 
 was reckoned the largeft T. in the 
 Co. The corp. confifts of a mayor, 
 iz aid. 24C.C. and a town-clerk. It 
 was once the only ftapleof the Co. for 
 the yarn mf. which is fince much de- 
 cayed. Here is kept the fheriff's pri- 
 fcn for debtors. There is a well near 
 this place, whofe water is remarka- 
 ble for being much heavier than other 
 water, and for preferving its fcent 
 and tafte the beft part of a year j but 
 though it is called Scarlet- Well, re- 
 prefcnts many colours like the rain- 
 bow. The E. of Radnor, to whom 
 it gives title of Vifc. is Ld. of the 
 manor. It began to fend members 
 to Pt. in the 23d of Edw. I. It was 
 formerly one of the Ts. for the ftarr.p- 
 ing of tin, but loft that privilege to 
 Leftwithiel. , Not far from this place 
 are thofe monumental ftone?, called 
 the Hurlers, which Dr. Stukely 
 makes no doubt are the remains of an 
 ancient Druid-Temple. They rtand 
 on a down in three circles, and had 
 the name from the peafants luperlti- 
 tious notion that they were once men, 
 but
 
 B O 
 
 B O 
 
 but transformed into ftones for divert- 
 ing themfelves on a Sunday at Hurl- 
 ing ; a recreation tor which the Cor- 
 nifh men are particularly eminent, as 
 well as for Wreftling. There is a fr. f. 
 in the T. maintained partly by the D. 
 of Cornvval, and partly by the corp. 
 The late Ld. Mohun had 'the largeft 
 manor in it. The toll and lands bel. 
 to. the corp. are computed at above 
 200 /. a year. 
 
 BOLE-HALL, (Wariv.) a hamlet 
 in the p. of Tamworth. It was for- 
 merly the eftate of the Clintons, 'till 
 in the R. of Hen. VIII. it was con- 
 veyed to William Levifon, merchant 
 of the ftaple j from whom it patted, 
 by the m.irriage of his daughter, to 
 Wjlrer Afton, Efq; whofe fon, Sir 
 Walter Afton, Kt. of the Bath, fold 
 it to William Anfon, of Lincoln's- 
 Ina, Efq; of whom William Cum- 
 berland, of Tamworth, Efq; pur- 
 chafed it, and left it to his fon 
 William, who was poflefled of it in 
 1640. 
 
 f^ BoLSOVER,(.D<?ry.) 104111. 
 from London, a large well-built T. 
 with a Mt. on F. but noted only for 
 I he mf. of tobacco-pipes. The caf- 
 tle is the property and feat of the D. 
 of Newcaftle ; to whole uncle, John 
 Holies, D. of Newcaftle, it came by 
 the heirs female of the Cavcndifhes, 
 Ds. d{ Newcaftle, to which family it 
 came from John Scot, the laft E. of 
 Chefter, in the R. of Hen. III. 
 
 g^ BOLTON, (Lane.) 8m. from 
 Manchefter, 183 cm. and 237mm. 
 from London, noted for its medicinal 
 waters ; but more for being the ftaple 
 p." divers forts of fuftians, efpecially 
 thof- 1 cotton mfs. called Augfburg and 
 Mikn fuftians, which are brought to 
 Its Mt. and Fairs, from all parts of the 
 country, and fold to the peafants for 
 cloaths, and to the gentry for linings, 
 &c. The old E. of Derby was be- 
 headed here, in 1651, for proclaiming 
 K. Ch. II. for this was called the 
 Geneva of Lanca/hire, and was the 
 firft T. in the km. that put the rui- 
 Jiua in execution, Here is a Mt. on 
 
 M. and Fairs on June 29, "July 20, 
 and Aug. 16. 
 
 BOLTON, (York. W.R.) a little 
 to the S. W. of Giiborn, had an- 
 ciendy a mon. which is now a fr. I", 
 the noble benefaction of the Hon. 
 Robert Bojle. It was in the R. of 
 Hen. III. the feat and manor of a 
 branch of the family of Scrope, and 
 afterwards the feat of the E. of Bur- 
 lington. 
 
 BOLTON-EAST, WEST, and 
 LITTJ.I, (Ytrk. N. R.) near Mid- 
 lam and Wenflaw-dalr, are all three 
 the Lps. of the Scropes : one branch 
 of which had their chief feat at Eaft 
 Boltnn, where he built a caftle, and 
 founded a chantry. It cams after- 
 wards, by marriage, into the family 
 of the Marq. of Winchefter ; to whofe 
 defendants it has, ever iince the re- 
 volution, given the title of D. Hen- 
 ry Jenkins was of this p. who lived 
 to be 169 years old. 
 
 BOOTHBY-PAGNEL, (LirtCctn.) 
 
 S. E. of Grantham, and on the W. 
 fide of the Wytham, not far from the 
 fource of it, takes its nnmt: frcm 
 oneBoothby, who formerly had a icnt 
 here ; from whofe family it pafied, 
 by marriage, to that of Paganel, or 
 Paynel. 
 
 BORDESLEY, (Wore.} on the b. 
 of Warwick(hire,nearKe\vel-(.';. : ; - 
 which the Emprefs Maud gave to ILS 
 mon. 
 
 BORDESI. E Y, (JVar'iv.} originally 
 a member of Afton, and the cib.te of 
 the ancient family of the Pa;.: . , 
 from whom it defcended to the So- 
 mcries, Barons of Dudley, who had a 
 court-leet here, to which the adjoin- 
 ing hamlets paid rents and fervice. 
 It afterwards came, by marriage, to 
 Sir Hugh Burnel ; and from his fa- 
 mily to the Lady Abergavenny, v.'ho 
 gave it to her fon, by her laft hui- 
 Land, James, E. of Ormond, who 
 being attainted in the R.of Edw. IV. 
 it fell to that K. He gave it to Si* 
 Thomas Erdington ; but Sir Thomas 
 Ormond by iinc recovered th -z inheri- 
 tance of it, and left it to IL: 
 
 G 2 Ann,
 
 B O 
 
 BO 
 
 Ann, married to Sir James St. Leger, 
 whole grandfon fold it, in the R. of Q! 
 Fhz.toEd.Arden,Efq;ofPark-Hall, 
 v.hcfe polterity enjoyed it in 1640. 
 
 B o R E - H i I/L ', ( Surry, ) 'near 
 Homefbury-Hill, and the road from 
 Darking to Arunde!, fo called accord- 
 ing to tradition, from the wild boars 
 that w ere upon it in old time. 
 BOREHAM, (^*,)nearChelms- 
 ford, in the road to Cokhefter, fa- 
 mous for a ftately fabrick, which, 
 though now ruinous, was once the 
 mcft magnificent building in this Co. 
 except Audley-End, which, feme 
 think, it even furpafled in fine walks, 
 parks, fifh-ponds, feV. It bel. an- 
 i-iently to the Butlers, Es. of Or- 
 Riund 5 and afterwards to Thomas 
 Bullen, E. of Wiltshire, of whcm K. 
 Hen. VIII. procured it by 'exchange, 
 and, having enlarged it, gave it the 
 name of Beaulieu. In the R. of Q^ 
 Eliz. it was the feat of Thomas Rat- 
 cliff, E. cf Sufiex; from whofe fa- 
 mily it was purchafed by George Vil- 
 lers, D. of Buckingham, whofe fon 
 fold it to Monk, afterwards D. of 
 Albemarle. 
 
 83 s BOSCASTLI, (Cornw.) for- 
 merly called Botereaux-Caftle from 
 its erectors and proprietors, ftands on 
 the Briftol channel near K. Arthur's 
 cattle, 186 m. from London. It 
 was carried, by marriage, to the 
 Hungerfcrds, from whom it de- 
 fccr.ded to the Haftings, who enjoyed 
 it, 'till the R. of Q. Eliz. It has a 
 Mt. on Th. 
 
 BOSCOBEL, (Salop,} nearWhite- 
 Ladie?, in the p. sf Tenge, whofe 
 grove is noted for the oak, in which 
 Cha. II. was hid, and law the Pt. fol- 
 diers pafs by, in queft of him, after 
 the batt'e of Worcefter ; but they 
 \vere diverted to the other fide of the 
 grove by the chace of an owl, which 
 flew out of a neighbouring 'tree, and 
 fluttered as if it had been broken 
 wing'd. The tree was enclofed with 
 a brick wall, but is almoft/cut away 
 by tmel'ers. BofccbeT-houfe, which 
 ftands a bow-fliot from the oak, was 
 
 then the feat of the Pendrih, who 
 gave the fhelter above-mentioned to 
 K. Cha. and have ever fincc had a 
 penfion of 200 /. a year. The garret 
 of the houfe, which is a popiih cha- 
 pel, was formerly a nunnery in pof- 
 feflion of the family of Ccokfey, 
 whofe defcendant ftill keeps the gloves 
 and garters, which his Majefty left 
 behind him. The chapel is yet 
 ftanding, and has fome painted faints 
 upon the wall. 
 
 BOSZHAM, (SuJJcx,} lies among 
 woods and arms of the lea, bet. Chi- 
 chefter and the ifland Thcrney. It 
 was once a Lp. of the A. B. of Can- 
 terbury, then of the E. of Kent ; and 
 afterwards of William Mar/hall, from 
 whom, it pafled to the Berkleys fa- 
 mily. Here was formerly a mon. and 
 chantry. 
 
 # BOSSINEY, (Cornw.) 3 m, 
 N. W. from Camelford, en the coaft 
 near K. Arthur's caftle, is 189 m. 
 from London, commonly called Tjn- 
 tagel, as well as Trevena, and is fi- 
 tuate partly on an ifthmus, and 
 partly on an ifland, which in ancient 
 times was joined by a bridge to the 
 main land. Near it are the fplendid 
 ruins of a carrle, faid to have been 
 the birth-place of K. Arthur, and 
 the feat of the Ds. of Cornwal, in 
 the time of the Britons. The caftle, 
 manor, and Bcr. was fettled by Edw. 
 III. en his fon, the Black-Prince, 
 when he created him D. of Cornwa), 
 and his heirs, the'Prs. of the blood, 
 for ever ; and fo it is become a par- 
 cel of that Dutchy ; and as fuch is 
 held by the corp. which is governed 
 by a mayor. It firft returned mem- 
 bers to Pt. in the R. of Edw. VT. 
 It -has Fairs July 25 and Nov. 1 1, 
 befideS a cattle fair 0<J7. 8. 
 
 BOSTALL, (Bucks,) N.of Bern- 
 wood-foreft, on the b. of Oxford/hire. 
 Nigel, one of the forefters, having 
 killed la' wild boar in it, had a piece 
 of land given him here by the K. 
 called Deer-Hide ; on which he built 
 the houfe, called Boftall. Will, the 
 Conq. confirmed the land to him, to 
 hold
 
 BO BO 
 
 bld it by the livery of a Horn, Englifli oak, fupported by tall flen- 
 
 which tenure is prefervid to this day. der pillars. It has 365 fcps, 52, 
 
 This manor came by female heirs windows, and iz pillars, anlwer-^ 
 
 in feveral defcents to the Lewis's of able to the days, weeks, and months. 
 
 Wales. In the civil wars, the royal- of the year. Its tower, which was 
 
 ifts made it a garrifon, which they begun to be built an. 1309, is 2&1 
 
 defended fo well that the bcfiegers feet high. It has a beautiful ofto- 
 
 left it. *Tis now the eftate of Sir gon-lanthorn at the top, which is the 
 
 John Aubrey, Bt. on whom it has guide of mariners as they enter the 
 
 beoi fettled by fine. dangerous chanels of Lynn-deeps and 
 
 Bo STOCK, (Chcjh.} a little to the Bofton-deeps, as well as the wonder 
 
 N. W. of Middlewich, near the r. of travellers, who fee it 40 m. round. 
 
 Dan, was the refidence of an ancient K. Henry VIII. is faid to have firft 
 
 family of the name, which fpread it incorporated this T. and Q._ Eliz. 
 
 felf into Salop and Berks, but in this gave the corp. a court of admiralty 
 
 Co. by an heirefs, is loft in the fami- over all the neighbouring fea-coafts. 
 
 ly of the Savages, "Tis governed by a mayor, who is 
 
 if. BOSTON, (Line.} 90 cm. 114 chief clerk of the Mt. and admiral, 
 
 mm. from London, is an abbreviati- a recorder, deputy-recorder, n al- 
 
 on of Botolph's T. from Botolph, a dermen, a town-clerk, 18 common 
 
 Saxon, who had a mon. here, and is council, a judge, and marinal of the 
 
 fuppofed to have been its founder, admiralty, a coroner, 2 fcrjeants at 
 
 '1'ii built on the r. \Vitham, which mace, &c. It has a commodious, 
 
 is navigable from Lincoln, and after well-frequented haven. It had for- 
 
 having pafled under a high wooden merly, belides St. Botolph's mon. 
 
 bridge here, fcon falls into the fea. a priory, 4 friaries, and 3 colleges, 
 
 About the latter end of the R. of whofe lands K. Henry VIII. gave to 
 
 Henry I. it was fet on fire by a gang the T. and k has now 2 ch. fcs. 
 
 of rogues, who came to its fair in the The T. is fupplied with fre/h water 
 
 difguife of monks and priefts ; but by pipes, from a pond in the great 
 
 foon recover' d, and became a ftaple common called the Weft-fen, where 
 
 for wool, by which it was much in- a water-houfe and mill were erected 
 
 riched, and the merchants of the in the R. ofQ._Annc, by acl of 1't. 
 
 Hans-Ts. came and fixed their guild All the neighbouring county is 
 
 here. It has long been a famous, mar/h-land", which are very rich, 
 
 flourishing T. is pleafant and well- and feed vart numbers of large fhcc-p 
 
 built, and has confiderable merchants and oxen. This T. gives title of 
 
 for foreign trade, befides a good in- Vifcount to the E. of Grantham, 
 
 land trade, and others of the inh. r.nd was the birth-place of John Fox 
 
 apply much to grazing. It has Mts. the martyrologift. 
 on ff, and 5. and befides its Fairs (j^F* Bos WORTH, (Lcic.} 10401. 
 
 on Apr. 23, and July 25, ha: one from London, called Market-Bcf- 
 
 on Nov. 30, that holds nine days worth, ftands pleafantly, in a whole- 
 for cattle and all merchandize 5 and fomc air, and a fruitful foil, both 
 
 is called a mart, which is an ancient for corn and grafs. There's a Mt. 
 
 name, only ufed for this T. and here on W. and Fairs on April 27, 
 Gainfborough in Lincolni'hire, for June 24, and Off. 5. Here was fcr- 
 
 Lyn-Regis in Norfolk, and for Be- merly a chantry, and a fr. f. was 
 verley and Heydon in York/hire. Its founded here by Sir Wolflan Dixey, 
 ch. is reckoned the largeft parochial Ld. of the manor, fon of Sir Tho- 
 ch. without crofs iles in the univerfe, mas, Ld. mayor of London, whofe 
 being 300 feet long within the walls, defcendants did lately, if they do not 
 asd ICO toot wide. 'Tis cicled with ftiil enjoy it. 
 
 G 3 EOT.
 
 B O 
 
 BOTH A.LI, (Nbrtflntil;) on the 
 E.- flfoie, bet. the rs. Lyrie and 
 Went/beck, 'not tar fr6m Mcrpeth, 
 was formerly the Lp. of the Ber- 
 tram?, one of v.-hom, in the R. of 
 Zchpid III. built a cairle here, of 
 which there are yet fome remains ; 
 But he leaving no iflue-male, his 
 daughter carried it in marriage to the 
 Ogles family, from which it went 
 afterwards to that of Cavendifh, in 
 Nottingham/hire, and was the feat of 
 the D's. of Newcaftlc of that fa- 
 mily. 
 
 BOTHALL, (Staff.) a little N. of 
 Pagcts-Brcmley, was anciently the 
 feat of the Meverels, and afterwards 
 of the Chetwinds, whofe pofterity 
 did lately, if they do not ftill, en- 
 joy it. 
 
 BOTHUMS'ALL, (Nstt.) a little 
 totheN. W. of Tuxford, beJ. for- 
 merly to Sir Ralph Brafcbrig, who 
 fold it to John de Markham, of 
 whom Mr. Williamfon had it, whofe 
 poflerity did lately, if they do not 
 new, enjoy it. 
 
 Bo T OLPH'S - BRIDGE , vulgo 
 BOTTLE-BRIDGE, (Hunt.) on the 
 r. Nen, near Peterborough, where is 
 a houfe that hns been the feat of the 
 Gimels, the Draitons, the Lovtts, 
 and laftly, of the Shirk) s. 
 
 BOUGHTON, (Cbejb.} on the r. 
 D'e, near Chefter, called Spittle- 
 Boughton, from an ancient hof. 
 there. 
 
 BOUOHTON, (Nfrtbamp,)'* m. 
 from Kettering, the manor and ba- 
 xony of the D. of Montague, who 
 has a very magnificent feat herr, tho' 
 in a very dirty country, built .:ftt-r 
 the model of the palace of Verfailles, 
 with a park, walFd all round, and 
 finely planted with trees. It fcr- 
 mcily bd. to the E. of Bahbury, and 
 on its f-reen is a Fair at Midiernmer, 
 
 Bo CRN -HALL, ( Catr.b. ) 8 hi. 
 N. W. frcm Shengay, in the road 
 frcm Cambridge to Oxfbrd, and near 
 that frcm London to Berwick, hnd 
 uiy entiy- a<aftje, the barony of ore 
 i'lgct, and alfo of the Pewells, 
 
 B O 
 
 from whom it wen*, by marrbge, t* 
 Gilbert Peche, the laft of whole fa- 
 mily made K. Edward I. his heir. 
 This caftle was burnt down in the 
 barons wars in" the R. of Henry III. 
 Here was formerly a chantry, and 
 Mr. Haggen had lately a feat here. 
 
 {^BOURN, (!./. )-6 cm. 93 mm. 
 from London, where was a caftle, 
 built by the Wakes, formerly the 
 Lds. of the manor, who, in the R. 
 of Edward I. obtained a iicenfe for a 
 Mt. here on S. and a Fair at the 
 feaft of the Holy-Trinity. It ftands 
 on a plain adjoining to the fens, and 
 has a fmall Mt. but 'tis noted for the 
 tanners trade. A little pleafant r. 
 belongs to it, which runs to Spal- 
 ding. Here was once an abby. Its 
 common is noted for horfe-races. Its 
 Fairs are Feb. 24, Af. 3, and 25. 
 
 Bow, ( Middl. ) near Stratford, 
 EfTex, had the name from the ftcne 
 arches of the bridge, built over the 
 Lea, is inhabited by whitfters, and 
 noted for dying fcarlet. 
 
 Bow DEN, (Cbejb.) near Altrin- 
 cham, formerly bel. to the family 
 of Mafiie, and is a very large p. 
 containing 12 townfliips or parts of 
 townfhips. ' 
 
 B o w D E N Magna, ( Lcic. ) near 
 Market-Harborough, on the N. fide 
 of the r. Welland, was given by K. 
 Henry III. to William de Cantelupe j 
 but falling into the hands of Edward 
 III. he gave it to his brother the E. 
 of Cornwall, and after his death to 
 Jeffery de Scroop. 
 
 3*Bo.w E, [De-vonC] 153 m. from 
 London, and a little to the W. of 
 Crediton^ -thought to have its name 
 from its' ' crookednefs, has a Mt. on 
 Ik. and a Fair on Afccnfwr.-day , 
 The 'co\;rt of the Duchy of Lancafter 
 is eom.monly kept here. 
 
 Bo WE s,' in that part of York/hire 
 called Richrnon4ftire, : s near the little 
 r. Laver, i m. from Earnard's-caftle, 
 fituate on .'one of the military Reman 
 ways, and was one of their ftations. 
 A caft'e was built here by one of the 
 Es, of Richmond and Bretagne, to 
 which
 
 B 6 
 
 B R 
 
 bel. a thorough toll, and the 
 privilege of a gallows. The antiqui- 
 ty of this place, appears from an old 
 ftone in its ch. wifh an inscription 
 on it to the Emperor Adrian, which 
 was ufed about the beginning of the 
 laft century for a communion-table. 
 
 Box, (Wilts.) in the road from 
 Bath to Chippenham, was anciently 
 the Lp. of the Molins, but by mar- 
 riage it went to that of Hungerford, 
 and then to Edward Ld. Haftings. It 
 was laft the feat of Mr. Eyre. Here 
 is a ch. f. 
 
 Box-HiLL, (Surry,) near Dark- 
 ing, fo called from the box-trees 
 which Thomas E. of Arundel plant- 
 ed in the R. of Charles I. on the S. 
 fide of it, whereas the N. part of it 
 is covered with yews. 'Tis a chalky 
 foil. The r. Mole runs under the 
 foot of it for a quarter of a m. 
 'Tis much frequented by the gentry 
 from Epfom, which is about 6 m. 
 This hill extends in a continued chain 
 into Kent, and pafles on to Dover, 
 being only interrupted by one little 
 valley. There's a large warren upon 
 it, but no houfes, only arbors cut out 
 in the box-wood on the top of the 
 hill, where are fold refreshments of 
 all forts for the gentlemen and ladies 
 who come hither to divert them- 
 felves in its labyrinths ; for which 
 leafon a certain author has thought 
 fit to call it the palace of Venus, and 
 alfo the Temple of Nature, there be- 
 ing an enchanting profpecl: from it 
 ef a fine country, wfiich is fcarce to 
 be equalled for affording fo furprizing 
 and magnificent an idea both of earth 
 and %. 
 
 Box FORD, (Saff.) 4 m. S. W. 
 from Hadley, and N. E. from the 
 r. Stour, 8 N. of Colchefter, and 12, 
 S. W. from Ipfwich, bel. formerly 
 to the abby of St. Edmund' s-Bury, 
 and was the ancient feat of the Pay- 
 tons, Kts. Here are Fairs on Eajier- 
 Monday and St. Thomas' s-day. Q^ 
 Eliz. founded a fr. fc. here for teach- 
 ing grammar, fife, and here is a 
 c.h.f. 
 
 Box LEY - A3v, (Kent,} nesy 
 Maidlton, was given bv K. Henry 
 VIII. to Sir Thomas VVyat, the fa- 
 ther of him who was executed in the 
 R. of Q^Mary for rebellion ; and is 
 all that now remains to his pofterity 
 out of the vaft eftate which he had 
 in this and other counties. In this 
 abby ftood a famous rood of grace, as 
 it was called in thofe popifh times ; 
 and the image of St. Rumbld, with 
 which the monks plaid fuch tricks 
 to pick the peoples pockets, that they 
 became a pui>lick fcandal, and there- 
 upon their rood and image were ta- 
 ken from them and broke to pieces 
 at St. PauTs-crofs in 1538, after 
 their cheats and juggles had been there 
 fully expofod. The abby is now the 
 feat of Thomas Beft, Efq; 
 
 BOXLEYS, (Stiny,) near Chert- 
 fey, is a manor bel. to the crown, but 
 fanned out by Q._ Eliz. to Roger 
 Cholmley, Efq; and the Dutchefs of 
 Someriet for her life ; after whonv 
 by the Qj. letters patent, her part 
 was granted to Mr. Matthew Alley, 
 and afterwards, in 1609, it was parT- 
 ed away in fee-fimple, by indenture 
 of bargain and fale to William Cara- 
 way, Efq; of London. 
 
 BOXWELI, (G/oc.) 3 m. E. from 
 Wotton-under-Edge, in the great 
 road from Glocefter to Bath, is a p. 
 7 m. in compafs, which takes its 
 name from a box-wood, and a well,or 
 fpring in it, which runs into the A- 
 von. The manor was held by St. 
 Peter's-abby in Glocefterihire from 
 the R. of William I. to Henry VIII. 
 Sir Walter Raleigh had part of it af- 
 ter the ref. but it has been for thefe 
 laft hundred years almoft in the fami- 
 ly of the Huntleys, originally of 
 Monmouthfhire. 
 
 BRA BORN, (Kent,) 5 m. E. of 
 Afliford, was formerly the eftate of 
 John Comin, E. of Bndenoch, from 
 whom it patted, by his daughter, to 
 David Strabolgy, E. of Athol ; and 
 from his grandfon it patted in like 
 manner to Sir Therms Piercy, and 
 from him to Sir Hugh Halfham and 
 John
 
 B R 
 
 B R 
 
 John Lewknor, Efq; who fold it to 
 the Scots. 
 
 BRA BROOKE, (Nort&amf.) near 
 the head of the r. Welland, betw. 
 Kettering and Harborough, had for- 
 merly a caftle (of which there are 
 $ill fome remains) built by a gentle- 
 man of the fame name, father to 
 Henry, \vho\vas a juftice itinerant in 
 the R. of Henry III. and from vvhcfe 
 family the eftate came by marriage to 
 the Latimers and Griffins. 
 
 jjc BRACKLEY, (Nortbamp.) 13 
 jn. from Northampton, 57 from 
 London, is a place tall cf brake or 
 fern, fays Camden, near the head of 
 the Oufe, with the fprings of which 
 it is cleafantly watered, and is fup- 
 pofed' to be 'the third bor. erefttd 
 Mi England. 'Twas once a famous 
 ftaple for wool. 'Tis governed by a 
 mayor, 6 aid. and z6 burge:ies. The 
 mayor is chofen annually by the bur- 
 gefies at the court -lect of the Ld. of 
 the manor, of whom the lull was tb 
 late D. of Bridgewater. Here are 2 
 p. chs. and a fr. grammar fc. Here is 
 a Mt. on W. and Fairs the ad W. in 
 ./?/>. and another on Na-v . 30, for fat 
 hogs, boots and flioes. The Zouches 
 were heretofore Lds. of this place for 
 /imdry fucceffions, till it pafied by 
 marriage to Richard Ld. Holland, 
 from whcm it pafied to the Lovels, 
 of whom the kft Ld. being attainted, 
 K. Hen. VII. gave it to Thomas 
 Stanley E. of Darby. An hofp. was 
 founded here in the R. of Henry I. 
 by Robert E. of Leicefter. The 
 Zouches built a college here, which, 
 though ruinous, is kept up by Mag- 
 daien college, Oxf. for a place to re- 
 tire to in times of trouble and infec- 
 tion, and ferves as a ch. f. This 
 pbce feems to have been famous 
 heietofore for tilts and tournaments. 
 
 BRADESHAM, (Bucks,) on the 
 W. f)de of Miflenden, in a healthy 
 . air, and a commodious fituation. 
 It was anciently the Lp, of a family 
 cf the fame name, but afterwards 
 came to the Windfors, of whcm 
 William Ld. Windfcr, created by 
 
 K. Henry VIII. built a fine kcufe 
 here. 
 
 BRADENSTOKE, {Wilts,') on the 
 S. fide of Braden-fcreft, bet. Chrif- 
 tian-Mclford and Lyneham, had for- 
 merly a priory, and was a feat of the 
 Ds. of Someriet. 
 
 BRADKIELD, (Barks,) a little to 
 the N. W. of Theal, bel. formerly 
 to the Straffbrds, and was net many 
 years ajo purchafed by Sir Samuel 
 Thomplbn, a merchant of L^ndi-n, 
 whofe grandfcn did lately, if he does 
 iot ftill, enjoy it. 
 
 tf^ BRA 7) FIELD Magna, (Efl'ex) 
 near Thaxted, 38 m. from London, 
 has a Mt. on Tb. 
 
 BR ADF izLD-MoNKS, or ST. 
 GEORGE, (Sujf.) as it is fo called 
 to dirtinguhh it from three other 
 neighbouring villages, ftands on fuch 
 a hill, that though the ileeple cf the 
 ch. be but zz yards high, 60 chs. 
 may be feen from it, for it ia: a view 
 into Cambridgefhire, Norfolk, Eflbr, 
 and the ifleof Ely. 
 
 BRADFORD, (Salop,} tho' now 
 an inconfiderable village, gave name 
 to 2 Hs. -viz,. N. and S. Bradford, 
 in the former of which it ftands, and 
 gives title of Vifcount and Earl to 
 the family of Newport. 
 
 BRAEFOD,(D^/V/'.) lies bet. For- 
 dineton and Southover, on the r. 
 Frome, bel, formerly to the mon. of 
 Shaftlbury, but at the ref. was given 
 by Henry VIII. to Edw. Bellingham, 
 Efq; and his heirf fc: ever. 'Twas 
 fately the manor of Mr. H?.rvey. 
 
 !? BRADFORD, (Wi.'ts,) near 
 Trowbridge, 83 cm. and 98 mm. 
 from London, fo called from its broad 
 ford, where now is a bridge over that 
 called the Ix>wer-Avcn, which is 
 here increafed by the Were from 
 Trewbridge. It had a rr.cn. in the 
 Saxon times, which was deflroyed by 
 the Danes. It was formerly the Lp. 
 of the Hungerfords, and afterwards, 
 oix. in the R. of Rich. III. that of 
 John D. of Norfolk. Here is a great 
 mf. of fine Spaniit cloth, and 'tis 
 erataect for the niceft mixtures, as 
 the
 
 B R 
 
 B R 
 
 the water of the r. on which it {lands 
 is remarkably qualified for dying the 
 belt colours. Here is a Mt. en M. 
 and Fairs on Trinity M. and Nov. 
 29, and 2 ch. fcs. 
 
 (>BAi>roTB,(ttr*. W. R.) 
 7 m. N. E. of Hallifax,, and W. from 
 Leeds, 145 cm. and 183 mm. from 
 London, is another cloathing T. 
 which in the civil wars was garrifon- 
 ed for the Pt. but taken by the forces 
 of K. Charles I. It has a Mt. on M. 
 and Fairs on Whit. M. and Nov. 30. 
 A lecture was founded here and en- 
 dowed with 40 /. a year, by Mr. Pe- 
 ter Sunderland, defcended of an anci- 
 ent family in High-Sunderland, near 
 Hallifax. 
 
 BR A D G A T E, (Let'c.) near Mount- 
 forrel, and 4 m. from Lekefter, was 
 anciently the manor of the Es. of 
 Leicefter, and by partition came to 
 the noble family of Ferrers, from 
 whom, by defcent, it parted to the 
 Greys, of whom was the D. of Suf- 
 folk, father to the Lady Jane, and is 
 the feat of Thomas Grey, E. of 
 Stamford, and Baron Grey of Groby. 
 
 BRADLEY, (Gloc.) near Wotton- 
 Under-Edge, was anciently the pof- 
 feflion of Hugh de Bradley, but lately 
 bel. to Mr. Daws. Several lands 
 here were given by Thomas Ld. 
 Berkeley, to the abby of Brifto), 
 but, fince the ref. they are fettled on 
 the dean and chapter. 
 
 BRADMERS, (Nott.) near Bunny, 
 bel. in the R. of Edward II. to Ri- 
 chard Grey Ld. of Codnover, whofe 
 pofterity fold it to the Willoughbys, 
 and they to Sir Richard Perkins, in 
 whofe family, we hear, it Hill conti- 
 nues. 
 
 BRADMORE, (War.') on the S. 
 fide of Honington, on a r. that runs 
 into the Avon, bel. to the priory of 
 'Coventry, till the ref. \\hen it was 
 given to Robert Gibbs, and in 1640, 
 was the eftate of Sir Heary 
 Gibbs. 
 
 ' BRADNINCH ( Devon. ) 6 m. 
 from Exeter, 10 from Columbftock, 
 70 from Brifto], and 135 cm. and 
 
 177 mm. from London. It ftan/fsojj 
 the r. Collumb, in the road from 
 Exeter to Wellington. 'Twas for- 
 merly called Eradneyfham, and 
 Braines. 'Tis a barony, which is 
 a parcel of the duchy of Cornwal, 
 whofe Ds. were always ftiled Barons 
 of Braines, and its mayor accounts 
 every year for its privileges, with the 
 efficers of the K. or D. of Cornwal. 
 It anciently fent a members to Pt. 
 had a chantry, and before its ruin by 
 fire, a Mt. on 5. but it has z 
 Fairs, vix. Apr. 25, and Sept. 21. 
 
 BRADNOP, (Staff.} on theE. fide 
 of Leek, formerly bel. to Hilton 
 abby, and was given by K. Henry 
 VIII. to Sir Edward Alton. 
 
 BRADWALL, (Staff.) on the N. 
 fide of Newcaitle-Under-Line, was, 
 in the laft century, the feat of Ralph 
 Snead, whofe anceftors had, for fome 
 years, held it in fee-farm of the Lxis. 
 Audley, till his great grand-father, 
 William Snead, a citizen of Chefter, 
 purchafed it. 
 
 BRADWELL, (Bucks') 2 m. from 
 Stony-Stratford, is an entire p. of 
 bet. 4 and 500 /, a year, in which 
 was formerly a priory ; late the eftate 
 of Sir Jofeph Alfton, Bt. 
 
 BRAD WELL, Juxta Mare, (Rf- 
 fex,) near Tillingham, is a p. con- 
 fifting of feveral hundred acres of 
 mar/h-land, bordering on the fea. 
 The manor was formerly in the fa. 
 mily of Ld. Bardolph, till forfeited 
 by rebellion, when it came to the 
 crown, and was given to the E. of 
 Pembroke. 
 
 BRADWORTHY, (Devon.) 5 m. 
 N. E. of Stratton, part of which 
 manor bel. to the Es. of Derby. Has 
 a Fair on Midjun:mer-day. 
 
 ^^ BRAiNTRY,(.E/7c,) 34 cm. 
 4z mm. from London, is called 
 Rains in domes-day-book, it having 
 been in the conqueror's time, the fee 
 of Roger de Raines, a Norman 
 Ld. and is noted for a great mf. of 
 bays and fays. It has a Mt. on W. 
 and Fairs Apr. 27, Sept. 21. The 
 former was obtained by Mr. Herman 
 
 ou
 
 B R 
 
 B R 
 
 Olmius, who purchafed the manor of 
 Richard Ld. Rich, to whom it was 
 granted by K. Edward VI. It fVr- 
 merly bel. to the Bps. of London, 
 who "had a palace here, till it was ali- 
 enated to the crown by Bp. Ridley, 
 and has been, Jong fince, demolished. 
 This T. as well as Bocking, which 
 joins to it, abounds with difienrcrs. 
 Among many confidcraMe benefactors 
 to its poor,' we find Henry Smith, 
 Efq$ who is laid to have been once a 
 beggar, and from a dog that conftant- 
 ly followed him, had the name of 
 Dc-g-Smith j but if he was a beggar, 
 he was a very rich one, and exceeding 
 bountiful to the poor ; for, befides 
 what he did in Surry, he left aSoo /. 
 to be laid out in land, for the relief of 
 the poor of this nrtd feme other neigh- 
 bouring ps. Here is a ch. f. and Mr. 
 Jchn Comins had, not long ago, a 
 feat here. 
 
 * BRAMBER, (Suffix,) 45 m. 
 from London, was, after the conqueft, 
 the Lp. of the Braefes, who built a 
 caftle here, in which they refided till 
 one of them having offended K. John, 
 .had his eftate feized, though part 
 of it was reftored to the family by 
 the fame K. and the whole by Hen- 
 ry III. It afterwards bel. to the 
 Mowbrays, but on the attainder cf 
 John de Mowbtay, D. of Norfolk, 
 this caftle and manor was given by K. 
 Henry VII. to Tho. Ld. De la War, 
 and his heirs. 'Tis an ancient bor. 
 by prefcription, under a conftable, 
 who is chofe yearly by the jury at 
 the Ld, cf the manor's couit-leet. 
 Here is one ch. but no Mt. or Fair. 
 *Tis watered by a fmall r. which 
 was once navigable by /hips of bur- 
 den. One half of jiieT. which is a 
 very poor one, joins to Steyning, and 
 is about half a m. from the other 
 moiety, cslled Bramber-ftreet, on the 
 N. W. fide of which are the remains 
 of the old cattle, and of a bridge ; 
 and the T. w as alfo joined with Stey- 
 ning in the fame writ, for ele&iKg 
 burgeffes to Ft. from the 2 6th of 
 Edward I. to the mh of Edvsaid 
 
 IV. but ever fmce they have elefted 
 as two different bors. yet their cuf- 
 toms arc the very fame. Moil of the 
 houfes in the bor. bel. lately to the 
 Ld. Windfor, but [they are forry 
 ftruftures. 
 
 BRAMCOT, (Nott,) near the r. 
 Erwafh, and b. of Derbyshire, bel. 
 formerly to the nunnery ofSempring- 
 ham, but after the ref. it was granted 
 by Q^ Elizabeth to William Mafcn 
 and Charles Jackfon, and the heirs of 
 the former. There were feme lands 
 indeed bel. to the priory of Lenton, 
 which were purchafed by Richard 
 Handley, yeoman, whole pofterity 
 enjoyed it till lately ifl'ue failing in 
 Henry Handley, Robert Harding, his 
 kinfman, and a barrifter at lav/, got 
 pofieflion. 
 
 BRAMCOT, near Bulkington, 
 (Warmde/bin,) bel. formerly to the 
 Greendon family, a daughter ef which 
 carried it by marriage to Jchn Cbar- 
 nels of Snarkftcn, in the R. of Henry 
 VI. from whom defended William 
 Charnels, who, in the R. of Edwsrd 
 IV. fold it to Thomas Burdet, Efq; 
 the anceftcr of the prefent Sir Robert 
 Burdet, Bart. 
 
 BRAMCOT, near Polefwortb, 
 (War.) formerly bel. to the Water- 
 vilcs, one of whom gave part of it to 
 the abby of Leicefier. Part of it bel. 
 to the Ld. Zouch. That which Icl. 
 to the abby, and amounted to a third 
 of a knight's fee, was held of the 
 E. of Lancafter till the ref. \vhea 
 Hen. VIII. granted it to Edward 
 Watfon, Efq; and his heirs, but it 
 was afterwards purchafed by the Fu- 
 refeys. 
 
 BRAMHAM-MOOR, (n^.W.R.) 
 is a large fenny ground, near Tadcaf- 
 ter, noted for the Roman military 
 way called Watling-ftreet, and for 
 frequent hcrfe-race=, Q;_ Anne having 
 given a gold plate to be run for upon 
 it for the encouragement of the breed 
 of horfes in this /hire. Here is a 
 {lately houfe, which was built by 
 the late Ld. Bingley. 
 
 Bs A M
 
 B R 
 
 B R 
 
 BRAMLEY, (Surrj,) near Godal- 
 ming, once the: Ixndihip ef Ld. 
 Berkeley, is a chapel of jale to Shal- 
 ford. 'i'he Ld. Onflow ufed to keep 
 a court here for a manor of his in the 
 next p. of Wonerih. 
 
 BRAMLEY, (York. W. R. ) a 
 townihip bel. to Leeds, \vho'ie lands 
 that bel. to Kirkttall-abbey, were, at 
 the ref. given to Abp. Cranmer, but 
 lately they were the property of Tho- 
 mas Kirk, Efq; This T , is noted for 
 excellent flate. 
 
 ^ BRAMPTON, (Cumb.) 225 
 cm. znd 287 mm. from London, lies 
 on the r. Irthing, near its conjufti- 
 cn with the Gelt, i m. below the 
 Pitts wall, to the N. E. of Carliile, 
 vvhofe E. is Ld. of the manor, and 
 has a yearly court kept here for the 
 harcny of Gillefiand. Here is a hof. 
 for 6 poor men, and as many poor 
 women, founded by the countefs 
 doxvager of Carlisle, grandmother to 
 the prelent E. Here is a Mt. on Tu. 
 Fairs June 11, Aug. 10 and 15. 
 There is a high hill here, called the 
 Mote, which, at the top, is ditched 
 round. The T. is now all cuftomary 
 tcnar.ts, or demefne, becaufe the Da- 
 crcs bought out all the free-holders, 
 except a few of the meaner fort. 
 
 BRAMPTON, (Nortbumb.} to the 
 N. W. of Ahiewick, bel. in the R. 
 of Hen. III. to the E. of Dunbar, 
 who had the office, as domes-day- 
 book calls it, oflnborrow and Out - 
 burrow, bet. England and Scotland, 
 v.-hich was to examine all travellers 
 from the one to the other. Here 
 was one of the prettieft houfes in this 
 part of the Co. the feat of George 
 Collingwood, Efq; 
 
 BRANCASTER, (Norf.} on the 
 E. fhore to the E. of the promontory 
 of St. Edmund's-chapol, was ancient- 
 ly a confiderable city, where was a 
 Roman garrifon, and where ancient 
 coins have been frequently dug up. 
 
 BRANDON, ( Suffolk , ) between 
 Newmarket and Swaffham, 64 cm. 
 78 mm. from London, has a bridge 
 over the little Oufe, and a good har- 
 
 bour, with a ferry, about I m. from 
 the bridge, for conveying goods to 
 and from the iflc of Ely. It had a 
 Mt. on 7b. v.-hich is diicontinued, 
 but it has Fairs on Feb. 14, June 
 II, and AW. n. In the K. of 
 Charles I and II. it gave title of Ba- 
 ron to the family of Gerrard, as it 
 has fincee 1711, that of an Engliih 
 D. to D. Hamilton of Scotland. 
 
 BRANDON, (War.} in the p. of 
 Woifton, and near the road from 
 Rugby to Coventry, had a caftle for- 
 merly bel. to the Verdurrs, which 
 was demolilhed by the Barons under 
 the E. of Leicelter, and rebuilt in 
 the R. of Edward I. but nothing of 
 it now remains befides the moats. 
 The Lp. pa/Ted from the Verduns to 
 the families of Buraherfh, Pavely, 
 Delves, AruHdel, Sir" Geerge Wjl- 
 loughby, and Yelverton, being pur- 
 chaied by Sir Henry Yelverton, Kt. 
 attorney- general to K. James I. in 
 whofe heirs we find it anno 1640. 
 
 BR ANKSEY-ISLAND, (Dcrfet.) 
 
 en the S. fide of the bay of Pool, 
 where, in Mr. Camden's time was a 
 block-houfc, fince decayed. This 
 ifland was, not long age, the proper- 
 ty of Mr. Auditor Benfon, of whom 
 it was purchased by a wharfinger be- 
 low London-bridge. 
 
 BRANSCOMB, (Deiton.) near the 
 Britiih-channel, 3 or 4 m. S. of Cul- 
 liton, bel. before the conquefr, to the 
 ch. of Exeter, afterwards to the ab- 
 by of Canon's-Leigh, and in the R.of 
 Edward III. was the feat of Richard 
 Branfcomb, who was 4 times ihcrifi" 
 and Kt. of the fljirc. At the ref. it 
 was fold to Sir Bernard Drake, Kt. 
 and came afterwards to Sir John 
 Wadham, a Judge, from whom it 
 defccnd^d, by an heirefs, to the 
 Strangeways, and then to the Wynd- 
 hams and Martins. 
 
 BR ANSPETH.CASTLE, (Durb.) 
 on the W. fide of the Were, among 
 the hills, a little to the S. W. of 
 Durliam, was built by the Bulmers, 
 who refidcd here for feme generations, 
 till it paflld, by marriage, to the Ne- 
 3 *
 
 B R 
 
 B R 
 
 Vils, then to the Coles, and it is, or 
 was lately, the feat of Sir H. BclSa- 
 fyfe. Here was formerly a chantry. 
 In the r. a little below this place, are 
 many huge ftones, which are never 
 covered but when it overflows, and 
 what water is poured on them foon 
 becomes brackifli. 
 
 BR AN s T o N, (Staf.)on the Trent, 
 S. W. of Burton, to whofe abbey it 
 bel. from the conqueft to the ref. 
 is famous for grind-ftones, and was 
 the feat of Ld. Paget, anceftor to the 
 E. ci Uxbridge. 
 
 BR A r T ON-C A s T i. E, (Wilts.} on 
 the E. fide of Weftbury, ftews the 
 remains of a ftrojig fortification, 
 where the Danes, after being defeated 
 in a battle i-.ift by, held out againft 
 the EngliflT 14 days, being feated en 
 a high hill, which commands all 
 the country round, and is encom- 
 pafFed with two ditches, within which 
 feveral pieces of old iron arms have 
 been dug out or raifed up by the 
 plough. 
 
 BRAUGHING, (Hart.} on the E. 
 fide of the Roman road, called Er- 
 mine-tercet, which now leads to 
 Cambridge, js 2. m. N. of Pucker- 
 idge/and 3 1 from London. Hereto- 
 fore it was, next to Verulam, the 
 moft conliderabie place in the Co. 
 and is thought to be the Roman Car- 
 faromagum. It has ftill feme remains 
 of its ancient eminence ; for here are 
 the ruins of a Roman camp, and it 
 gives name to the deanery and H. 
 Kear the Ch. yard is an old houfe, 
 which ufed to be given with all forts 
 of furniture for poor people's wed- 
 dings. They brought their proviii- 
 ons hither, and had a large kitchen, 
 with a cauldron, large fpits, and a 
 dripping-pan; a large room for mer- 
 riment, and a lodging-room, with a 
 bride-bed and good linnen, fome of 
 which furniture was, a few years ago, 
 in being. 
 
 .BRACNSTON, ( Rutland. } near 
 Okeham-Soke, a chapdry to Hamel- 
 don, in the next H. was anciently a 
 fare of th foreft of L) field, ) It for- 
 
 merly bel. to the Neyvils, and then 
 to the Chefeldines. 
 
 BRAY, (Berks,} I m. from Mai- 
 denhead, and 3 m. from Windfor, 
 famous in fong for its changeable 
 vicar, who having been twice a pa- 
 pift and twice a proteftant in the R. 
 of Henry VIII. and Edward VI. and 
 the Qs. Mary and Elizabeth, and 
 therefore taxed of being a turn-coat, 
 faid, he always kept to his principle, 
 which was to live and die vicar of 
 Bray. 
 
 BRAYLES, (War.} nearShipfhm 
 en Stower. In the R. of Hen. III. 
 the then Ld. of the manor, the E. of 
 Warwick procured it a Mt. and Fair, 
 fmce difufed. In the R. of Edward 
 I. it bel. to William de Beauchamp, 
 E. of Warwick. It came afterwards 
 to the crown, and Henry VIII. pafied 
 away the inheritance of it to Thomas 
 Wimbufli, and his heirs, who fold it 
 to William Sheldon of Worcefterfliire, 
 whofe great-grandfon William had it 
 in 1640. 
 
 BREACH, (Car mo.) 3 m. N. W. 
 of Helfton, is called in the records St. 
 Briack, and ftands near the channel, 
 in a good vein for tin-works. 
 
 BREED, (Suffix,) a little N. W. 
 of Winchel'.ea, is a manor, whole 
 court is a branch of that of Battle. 
 The lands here defcend, according to 
 the cuftom of Gavelkind ufed in its 
 Co. A kind of court is kept here 
 every three weeks, for trial of afti- 
 ons bet. man and man, whofe offi. 
 cers are exempted from attendance at 
 the afiizes and quarter-fefiions. 
 
 B*~E M B L E H A M,alias Co WITCH, 
 (Wilts,) not far from Malmfbury, on 
 the b. of Glocefterfhire, formerly bel. 
 to Ld. Hungerford, and afterwards 
 to Ld. HarHngs. 
 
 |^ BRENT, (Devon.) 6 m. from 
 Aihburton, is 1 68 cm. and 198 mm. 
 from London, and has a Mt. on 5.. 
 
 H> BRENTFORD, (Midd.) 10 
 . mm. from London, fo called from 
 the Brent-brook, which rifes about 
 Finchley-common, and pafles thro* 
 the W, part of the T. called Old- 
 Brentfor^
 
 B R 
 
 B R 
 
 Brentford into the Thames, has a 
 Ch. which ftands together \vith the 
 Mt. houfe, in that parr called New- 
 Brentford, as Mr. Norden thinks, from 
 the purchafe of the Mt. (in the R. of 
 EJw. VI.) which is held on i'. as 
 its Fair is on the roth of Aug. A 
 Fair uled to be held here formerly for 
 6 days, from the 6th of May and the 
 I ft of Sept. It is fo great a thorough- 
 fare to the W. that it has a confidera- 
 ble trade, efpeciaUy in corn, both by 
 land and by the Thames. Here are 
 ich. fcs. IntheR. ofK.Ch. I. it 
 gave title of E. to his Scotch general, 
 Patrick Ruthen, on account of his 
 valour in an action here, mentioned 
 by Dr. Fuller ; but the honour died 
 with him. Its Ch. which is only a 
 chapel to Great-Eling, as it was for- 
 Hierly to Hanwell, was firft built in 
 the R. of Rich. I. 
 
 p. of Hendon, gave name to the brook 
 abovementioned, which runs through 
 it, and received it from the family of 
 the Brents, who formerly dwelt here 
 many years ; though the peafants of 
 thefe parts (as Mr. Norden obferved) 
 ufed to call every fmall brook a Brent. 
 
 BRENT-TOR, (Devon,} b?t. Lid- 
 ford and Milton -abbey, ftands on the 
 top of a high hill, where is a Ch. 
 which ferves as a fea-mark for failors 
 that bear with Plymouth haven. 
 
 BRETE-HALL, (Wano.) in the 
 p. of Aufiey, the feat of the Bretts 
 tor above 200 years, 'till the R. of 
 Hen. IV. when it pafled, by marriage, 
 to George Harcourt and William Pou- 
 chin, which laft fold his part to John 
 Purefoy, whofe fon conveyed it to 
 John White of Bufby in Leicefterlhire. 
 
 ^ BREWOODJ (Staff.} a pretty 
 country T. on the S. fide of Watling- 
 fireet, near Bofcobel, loom, from 
 London, has a Mt. on Tu. and Fair 
 Sept. 8. The Fowks have a feat at 
 Brewood-hall with gardens and or- 
 chtrds, whofe hedges and trees are cut 
 with exquiH'e art, reprefenting feve- 
 ral animals, carries, &c. The pa- 
 riihioners adorn their wells here on 
 
 . like thole of Bilbrook, with 
 boughs and flowers. Here was for- 
 merly a nunnery, and now a fr. f. 
 A dreadful earthquake is faid to have 
 happened here the 4th of Nov.i6j%* 
 
 BRIANS-TON, ( Dorfet. ) on the 
 Stour, near Blandford, the feat of the 
 ancient family of the Rogers's, who 
 held it in grand ferjeanty to find a man 
 to go before the K. in his wars againit 
 Scotland, or Wales, in his ihirt and 
 drawers, holding in one hand a bow 
 without a firing, and in the other an 
 arrow without a feather. It was, not 
 long ago, bought by Sir William, i j ort- 
 mao, whofe adopted fon, Henry, a- 
 dorned it with buildings ; and it is 
 now the feat of Will. Portman, Efq;. 
 
 St. BRIAVEL'S, (doxc.) a chapel 
 to Lydney in the foreft of Dean, had 
 a caftle bel. to it, which, though in 
 ruins, ferved very lately, if it does cut 
 ftill, as a prifon for offenders in the 
 foreft. It has always been efteemcd a 
 place of tru(J and honour to be confta- 
 ble of this caftle ; feveral of the nebi- 
 lity, particularly the late D. of Beau- 
 fort held it ; and the mine-court is 
 kept here. It was lately the manor 
 and feat of Mr. Catchmede. 
 
 BRICKENDEN, near Hartford, in 
 the p. of All-Saints, is a manor which 
 Edw. the Confeflbr granted to Wal- 
 tham-Abbey, 'till the Ref. when K. 
 Edw. VI. granted it to John Alieync, 
 and he fold it to Sir Stephen Soame, 
 Knt. one of whofe defendants fold it 
 in 1697 to Sir Edward Clark, of Lon- 
 don, Knt. whofe pofterity now en- 
 joy it. 
 
 BRICKHILL - Bow, Magna & 
 Pjr-va, (Bucks,) are 3 villages near 
 Woburn, on that military way, called 
 Watling-ftreet. Great-Brickhill has 
 a Fair on May-day, and another on 
 OH. 18. At Bow-Brickhill 12 chil- 
 dren are taught generally by the clerk 
 of the p. for 5 /. a year, given by one 
 Mr. Parrets. That called Little- 
 Brickhill Jies nearcft to the latter, and 
 bel. to Mr. Hall, as Great-Brickhill 
 does to the heirs of the late Mrs. Dun- 
 comb, 
 
 H BRIBG.
 
 B R 
 
 BRIDGFORD-EAST, orBRinc- 
 TORD on the Hill, (Nott.) a little 
 to the N. of Bingham, and 8 m. from 
 WiJloughby, was the manor of the 
 Caltofts 5 from whom it patted to the 
 Chavvorths, and by them to the 
 Scropes. The Roman fofs-way comes 
 from the vale of Belvoir, through a 
 field near this T. in which there are 
 evident remains of a Roman ftation 
 near that called the old Wark-fpring : 
 and the field bel. to the T. in which 
 part of the camp was, is called Bur- 
 ro wfield. Roman coins have been 
 often ploughed and digged up here. 
 
 BR IDGF ORD -WEST, fo called 
 from its bridge over the Trent, lies 
 near Nottingham, and bel. formerly 
 to the Peverels, then to the Lutterels. 
 From the latter it palled to the Hil- 
 tons, in the R. of Hen. V. and from 
 them, in the R. of Edw. VI. to the 
 Thimelbies, who fold it to Sir Henry 
 Pierpoint, father of the fir/I E. of 
 Kingfton ; and this now ducal family 
 are ftill Lds. of the manor. 
 
 BR IDGF ORD, Magtia & Parva, 
 (Staff.) 3 m. N. W. of Stafford, the 
 former on the W. and the latter on 
 the E. fide of the r. Sow. They 
 were in the R. of Hen. I. the cftate 
 or' William de Nowel. It afterwards 
 pail'ed through the families of Doylie 
 and Lukemore to the Harcourts ; and 
 in the R. of Rich. II. it bel. to the 
 Staffords family. 
 
 %. BR iDGENORTH,or BRUGES, 
 (Salop,) 108 cm. and 135 mm. from 
 London, is a very ancient, large and 
 populous T. on the Severn, which 
 flows among the rocks here with a very 
 fteep fall j and confifling of the upper 
 and lower Ts. feparated by the r. 
 over which it has a ftone bridge, that 
 has a gate and gate-houfe on it, be- 
 fides feme houfes. The T. was built 
 by the widow of Ethelred, K. of the 
 Mercians. Its fituation is pleafant, 
 as well as commodious for trade ; its 
 air healthy, and its prcfpeft delight- 
 ful. Many of the houfes are founded 
 upon a rock, and moft of the cellars 
 are hewn out of it j on the roof of 
 
 B R 
 
 which' are gardens made without 
 much coft, or art ; and pathways 
 made over them, fo that one may 
 walk over the tops of feveral houfes, 
 without danger or difficulty. On the 
 S. fide of the hill, where it is very 
 fteep, a eaftlc ftood once, fmce demo- 
 lilhed, and part of it converted into 
 one of the fineft bowling-greens in the 
 Km. for its profpeft. Upon the brow 
 of this hill there is a walk, which K. 
 Ch. I. faid he thought the pleafanteft 
 in his dominions. The T. ccnfifts 
 chiefly of three ftreets, well paved 
 with pebbles, and well built j one of 
 which, called Mill-ftreet, becaufe it 
 leads to the town mills parallel to the 
 r. on the W. fide, is adorned with 
 ftately ftrudtures. It is a place of 
 great trade both by land and water,and 
 had many great privileges granted to it 
 by charters from Hen. II. and K. 
 John. It is governed by 2 bailiffs, 
 eledted yearly out of the 24 aid. (who 
 are fuch as have gone through all the 
 offices of the T.) by a jury of 14 
 men ; together with 48 C.C.men, a 
 recorder, town-clerk, fcff. Its Mt. 
 which is on S. is well flocked with 
 all forts of provifions ; and its Fairs, 
 which are on the Tb. before Sbro-ve- 
 Sunday, June 19, July 22, Off. 1 8, 
 are reforted to from moft parts of the 
 Km. for cattle, iheep, butter, cheefe, 
 bacon, linen-cloth, hops, and moft 
 other merchandize. The laft, which 
 holds three days, is the biggeft. The 
 firft holds alfo three days, and the 
 others two days each. The T. is well 
 furnifhed with artificers of all forts, 
 who deal in making and felling 
 cloaths, leather, iron tools, and the 
 common mfs. of the Km. Here are 
 alib gun-makers, joiners, and car- 
 penters both for houfes and vefiels ; 
 and it is as famous a place, as any in 
 England, for making ftockings. Here 
 were formerly feveral mons. befides a 
 popiih college and chantry ; but now 
 only two Chs. one of which, from its 
 fituation on the higheft part of the 
 hill, is called the High-Ch. which 
 was fo damaged by fire, when the T.
 
 B R 
 
 B R 
 
 Vas burnt in the late civil wars, that 
 it was afterwards quite pulled down, 
 and rebuilt. The ps. are both large ; 
 and here is a fr. f. for the fons of the 
 burgefles, which is as ancient as the 
 R. of Q._Eliz. and an endowment of 
 one Mr. Carfwell for maintaining 18 
 fcholars at the U. of Oxford, which 
 are fent frem this place, Shrew/bury, 
 Newport, Wem, and Dunnington. 
 The T. is not only fupplied with good 
 water by leaden pipes from a fpring 
 half a mile off, but the water of the 
 Severn is thrown up by an engine to 
 the top of the Caftle-hill, the con- 
 trivance of thofe who erefted the wa- 
 ter-works at London-bridge. There 
 are good mills alfo bel. to the T. bu ; !t 
 on a littler, called Werfe, which falls 
 into the Se-vern, There is a hof. in 
 the High-Church-yard for 10 poor 
 widows of the upper T. A hollow 
 way leads from this high part of the 
 T. to the bridge, which is much ad- 
 mired by (Grangers, it being hewn 
 through a rock to the depth of 20 
 foot on the W. fide j and though it is 
 a very great defcent, it is made eafy 
 by fteps and rails. 
 
 BRIDGETOWN, (Warw.} has its 
 name from its fi tuation near the bridge 
 of Stratford upon Avon, is of chief 
 note for an hermitage, to which St. 
 Mary MagdalenVchapel here for- 
 merly bel. The manor was hereto- 
 fore in the family of the Powers, and 
 fince in that of the Cioptons. 
 
 jf. BRIPCEWATER, (Scm.) 116 
 cm. and 143 mm. from London, was 
 given, after the conqueft, to one Wai - 
 ter, a Norman j and in all the old 
 charters, particularly K. John's, the 
 firft that rwade it a free Bur. it is 
 called Brugge- Walter, or Walter's- 
 Borough The caftle here was built, 
 in the R. of K. John, by William de 
 Brivers, Ld. of Bridgewater, who alfo 
 founded the hoi", near the E. gate, 
 which was a chantry to pray for the 
 fouls of K. Hen. II. Rich. I. and K. 
 John. He alfo firft made the key, 
 called the Haven, and began the ftone 
 bridge Qver the r. Parret, which was 
 
 fini/hed by the next Ld. of the ma 
 nor, Thomas Trivet, a Corni/h-m n, 
 K. Edw. II. and Edw. III. confirmed 
 its charter by K. John. Edw. IV. 
 and Q^Eliz. or, as lome fay, Hen. IV. 
 granted it others, for changing the 
 bailiff to the mayor, who governs it 
 together with a recorder, 2. uld. who 
 are juftices of the peace, and 240.0. 
 mea. They have alfo a town-clerk, 
 clerk of the Mt. water-bailiff, and 
 z ferjeants at mace 5 and out of the 
 C.C. are annually chofe 2 bailiffs, 
 who have the fame power as /heriffs, 
 and a receiver, who collects the town 
 rents, and makes payments. The re- 
 venues, which confift of the manor 
 oftheBor. the great and fm all tithes, 
 the manor of Eaft-Stower in Dorfet- 
 /hire, &c. are valued at 10000 /. a 
 year. Its freemen are free in all the 
 ports of tngland and Ireland, but 
 London and Dublin ; and the iheriff 
 of the Co. cannot fend any procefs in- 
 to the Bor. it having been made a 
 diftincl Co. by Hen. VIII. It has a 
 fpacious town-hall, and a high crofs 
 with a ciftern over it, to which wa- 
 ter is conveyed by an engine from a 
 neighbouring brook, and carried from 
 hence to molt of the ftreets. Its Ch. 
 has a fpire, the third of the loiiieft 
 in England ; and here is a fine meet- 
 ing-houfe, with an advanced feat for 
 the mayor and aid. who happen to be 
 dilFenters, as alfo a private academy 
 for fuch of their youth, as are in- 
 tended for preachers. Here is a large 
 fr. f. bel. to the chamber, and under 
 it are lodgings for the poor of the p. 
 Here is alfo a neat alms-ho. the gift 
 of Major Ingram of Weftminfter, who 
 was a native of this T. but it is in- 
 habited by the poor without endow- 
 ment. In 1724 the late D. of Chan- 
 dos built a fine ftreet here, with con- 
 venient warehoufes. Its Mts. are on 
 Th. and 5. rhe lair granted by Hen. 
 VII. and its Fairs, which are two 
 days each, are the firft TuefJay in 
 Lent, May 17, funs 24, Srff em- 
 ber 21, and December 29. In a 
 field here, called the Friars, where 
 H ; St.
 
 B R 
 
 St. .1'iffZfw's Fair is kept, was a pri- 
 ory, v.-hich, ir. the R. of Hen. VIII. 
 was difTolved with the other religious 
 houles. K. James I. granted the 
 caftle to Sir George Whitmwe and 
 Thomas Whitmore of London, who 
 purchafed the fite and Lp. from the 
 crown : And, as the T. had been 
 eredtcd into an earldom in the R. of 
 Hen. VIII. in favour of Henry, Ld. 
 Aubigjiy, with whom the title ex- 
 pired, K. James again dignified it 
 xvith that title, in favour of John 
 Egerton, Lord-High-Chanccllor, from 
 xvhom defcended the late Scrope, who 
 was nested D. by K. Ceo. I. Wil- 
 liam Harvey, Efq; bought the caftle 
 snd manor in the R. of Ch. I. who 
 fry a charter gave all the parishioner; 
 ihe lame privileges as the burgeffes. 
 In the civil wars this T. fuftained fe- 
 veral hot Heges. It was at firft gar- 
 rifoned for the Pt. but at length re- 
 duced by the Kg's forces, who held 
 it out for him, 'till the war was al- 
 mofl at an end ; but in 1653 it fur- 
 rendered to O. Cromwell, after it had 
 fcfrlred feverely by the fiege, with a 
 treafure, amounting to loocoo /. be- 
 fides cannon and military ftcres. The 
 D. of Monmouth lodged in its caftle 
 in i6Sf, was proclaimed K.here, and 
 touched perfons here for the king's- 
 evil. James II. came hither next 
 year, and lodged in the caftle, where 
 he celebrated mafs j but his judges 
 touched for the evil in theft parts, by 
 thoie butcheries which are recorded 
 in the blocdy-affizes, or weftern mar- 
 tyrolcgy. 
 
 TheT. ftands iz m. from the Start- 
 point, where the Parret runs into 
 the Briftol-channel, from whence a 
 fpring-tide flows 22 foot at the key, 
 and comes in with fo much nige and 
 roar, that it is called a Boar. Ships 
 of zoo tonr may come up to its key j 
 ty which convenience for navigation, 
 tttey Tarry on a pretty good coait-trsde 
 to Kriilol and all down t},', Severn to 
 Waics for toah, to Cornv.il tor Hate, 
 &f.-. and at Jeait 10 coal-fliips arc con- 
 enplfljt d. The rcce:p i of the 
 
 B R 
 
 cuftoms here amounts to J'DOU' -ooo^ 
 a year. Its foreign trade is chiefly to 
 Portugal and Newfoundland. Wool 
 is brought hither in gocd quantities 
 from Ireland. A great retail trade is 
 carried on here, and its Tc's Mt. is 
 the moft confiderable in the Co. for 
 corn, cattle, hogs, flieep ; and for 
 cheefe there are few, if any, greater 
 Mts. in the Km. many waggon leads 
 coming in here, on a Mt.-day, for De- 
 vonfliTe; Tu. and 6'. are great flefh- 
 Mts. and the fk.mbles the fim ft in 
 England for their bignefs. 'i he bed 
 of provisions are fo cheap here, that 
 it may juftly be called a paradife for 
 epicures. 
 
 $> BRIDLINGTON, or BUR- 
 LING i OK, (York. E.R.) nearFhm- 
 bcrough-head, 10 leagues frcm the 
 Spurn-head, 162 cm. and 105 mm. 
 from London, is on a bay, which is a 
 fafe harbour, in ftrorg gales of wind 
 and winter ftorms, from the N.N.W. 
 and N.E. It is a place of great trade, 
 and has a gocd corn Mt. on S. and a 
 Fair on Nw. j. Mr. William Huft- 
 ler, grandfather to Sir William, was a 
 great benefactor to it. The key which 
 is chiefly frequented by colliers, and 
 inhabited by feafaring people, lies 
 near 2 m. from the T. which is about 
 5 furlorgs in length, and gives title 
 of E. to the noble family of Boyle, 
 Here was formerly a priory. 
 
 >(c BRIDPORT, (Dorfet.) bet. 2 
 rs. 6 m. frcm Lyme, 1 1 5 cm . and 
 145 mm. from London, from whence 
 it is a thoroughfare to Devonshire, is 
 not far from the more of the Chann.-l. 
 In the time of the Saxons it had a 
 mint ; was created a Bor. by K. Hen. 
 III. The ccrp. under the K. are 
 mtire Los. of all, except feme fmall 
 manors be!, to the D. of Bedford, 
 Mr. Pitt, Mr. Strange-way, Homer, 
 &c. It had once a good harbour and 
 trade, and manufactured fo much 
 hemp in ropes, cables, &c, that, in. 
 The K. of Hen. VIII. it was provided, 
 that the cor;'a:e for the English navy 
 mould, for a limited lime, be made here, 
 cr within 5 m. of it, and r.o whc-re 
 elfc j
 
 B R 
 
 B R 
 
 elfe ; which al was confirmed by al- 
 moft every Pt. for near 60 years after. 
 Yet this trade is funk to little or no- 
 thing, though the foil, bet. this place 
 and Beaminfter, is fo fruitful in hemp, 
 that, when a man was hanged, it was 
 proverbially faid, hewasftabbed with 
 a Bridport dagger ; and as for the har- 
 bour it has bsen long barred up by the 
 tides with fand ; but after many fruit- 
 lefs attempts to reftore it, here is a 
 fafe port, where may ride about 40 
 fail. The fituation of the T. is low; 
 but the foil, though dirty, is good. 
 It was incorporated by Hen. VII. and 
 afterwards by Q^Eliz. and K. James 
 J. by whofe charter 2 bailiffs were to 
 be chofsn yearly out of 1 5 capital bur- 
 gefies ; and the corp. was impowered 
 to choofe a recorder, arkd town-clerk. 
 The quarter -fefiions for the Co. are 
 held in the town-hall once a year. 
 The Mt. is on 5. and the Fairs on 
 Lady-day, Holy-Tb. and Michael- 
 mjs-day. Here was formerly a prio- 
 ry. It is alfo called Burport, from the 
 r. Bur, or Bret, on which it Hands. 
 Jt began to fend members to Pt. the 
 2 3d of Edw. I. 
 
 12 m. from Lewes and 50 from Lon 
 don, is a little fea-port and bay, with 
 good anchorage, bet. Shoreham and 
 Newhaven. It is a large, populous 
 old T. chiefly inhabited by fifherrper., 
 who go from hence to Yarmouth fifh- 
 ine Fair on the Norfolk coaft, and let 
 themfelves out for the feafon to catch 
 herrings for the'merchants. It is fup- 
 pofed there was fome engagement near 
 it formerly, from the great number 
 ef mens bones that have been dug up 
 on the W. fide of it, for near a mile 
 together. K. Ch. II. after hiding and 
 wandering about from one place to an- 
 other, made his efcape from hence to 
 France. Here is a wall facing the 
 fen, in which are many port-holes for 
 cannon. The town-hail, which has 
 a dungeon under it, faces the fea, and 
 in its walls are feveral arched rooms, 
 where the ftores are kept. Before it, 
 next the fea, is the gun-garden, large 
 
 enough to hold 4 cannon. The French 
 have feveral times attempted to de- 
 molifti it ; but its fituation is fo low, 
 that their cannon-balls ufually flew 
 too high, to do execution. It is well, 
 however, if it be not at laft wholly 
 devoured by the fea, which is conti- 
 nually incroaching on it, and has, in 
 40 years time, deftioyed above 130 
 tenemeots, to the damage of noat 
 40000 /. The vicar here, having 
 but a fmall revenue, claims the old 
 epifcopal cuftom of a penny per head 
 (commonly called Smoak-Money, or 
 the Garden-Penny) and the fourth of a 
 fliare out of all fi/hing-veflels. There 
 are two confidcrable ch. fcs. here, one 
 for 50 boys, who are taught arithme- 
 tick and navigation. Here is a Mt. 
 on Th. Great flocks of ftieep are fsd 
 on the neighbouring hills, whofe wool 
 is judged, by thofe who are concerned 
 in itsmf. to be the fincrt in England. 
 
 B R I G H T W E L L, Or B R E T T- 
 
 w ELL, (Berks.} near Wallingford, 
 beneath Sinodun-hill, where was a 
 caftle, which Hen. II. took by force, 
 and demoli/hed before he made peace 
 with K. Stephen. It is noted for its 
 rich reclory, -viz. 500 /. a year, in 
 the gift of the Bp. of Winchester. 
 
 BRIGHT WELL, (Oxf.) near Af- 
 trop-Wells, is remarkable for a cha- 
 pel, where the ancestors of the Sun- 
 derland family have very flately mo- 
 numents. It is, or was lately, the 
 feat of the Stones, and ftnnds not far 
 from the Roman highway, I'renild- 
 ftreet. This place is called Bright- 
 well-Baldwin to diftinguifh it from 
 Brightwell-Salome, which lies a little 
 way off to the S. near Watlington. 
 
 BRIMPSTIZLD, (Gloc.) on the 
 r. Stroud near its rife, had formerly 
 a caftle, and a priory alfo, which was 
 given by K. Edw. IV. to St. George's- 
 chapel, at Wiridfcr. It is the manor 
 of the family of Sandys, who have a 
 pleafant feat and large park here. 
 The p. is 6m. in comp. and has 2 
 hamlets in it } bcfides a fmall part of 
 Bardlip T. 
 
 H 
 
 BKISX-
 
 B R 
 
 B R 
 
 BRISE-NORTON, (Ox/.) near 
 Barter J, where long dwelt the Woods, 
 who have often had unufual knock- 
 ings before the death of ibme of the 
 family. 
 
 BR i s 1. 1 N G T o N,orBR u s T L i N G - 
 TON, (Sem.) near Briftol, ftands 
 upon the Avon, and was the ancient 
 manor of the Lds. Ue la Warre, in a 
 country abounding with coal. 
 
 # BRISTOL, (Sum. and Glee.) 
 12 m. from Bath, 30 from Glocefter, 
 94 cm. and 115 mm. from London, 
 is the fccond city in the Britiih domi 
 nions for trade, wealth, and number 
 ef inh. Though it lies in the two 
 Cos. yet before it was made a Co. of 
 itfelf, whkh was in the R. of Edw. 
 III. it was by the Pt. rolls reckoned 
 in Somerfedhire. On the Glocefter- 
 ihire fide, which is the largefl and 
 jmoft populous, fince the building ef 
 the bridge over the Avon, that 
 parts the two Cos. ftands the caftle, 
 which appears to have been built by 
 Robert, E. of Glocefter, in the R. of 
 K.. Stephen, who beficged it before it 
 was quite finished, but could not take 
 It, and was fome years after commit- 
 ted p rifoner to it. It was alternately 
 ?n the hands of the K. nnd Pt. during 
 the civil wars ; but was demolifhcd 
 by Cromwell, and is now built into 
 flrects. It was firft privileged with a 
 iru-Acr in the R. of Hen. III. befides 
 which, the corp. now ccnlilts of a 
 .recorder, 12 aid. 2 ftieriffs, and 41 
 C.C. Befides the cathedral and 18 
 Chs. there are 7 or 8 meeting-houfes 
 of proteftant difienters ; among whcm 
 the quakcrs are a very considerable 
 body. Its chief Chs. befides the ca- 
 thedral, is St. Mary Radcliffe, juit 
 without the walls ia the Co. o So- 
 merfetj vyhich Can~.den reckoned the 
 fineft parilh Ch. in the Km. Its 
 fcru^e over the Avon, which is uf 
 ftone, confiftir.g of four bread arches, 
 )ias houfes built on it ; and it has an 
 exchange like that at tendon, which 
 wa? opened on 'Jieaift of &/*.! 74 3. 
 Here is one of the racft commodious 
 kays ia England for fliippir.g raid land- 
 
 ing of merchants goods, which lies 
 along by the r. Froome, and is half a 
 in. in length, from the bridge in the 
 Glocefterihire fide of the city to the 
 place where it falls into the Avon. 
 Its merchants were the firft adTtntu- 
 rers to the Weft-Indies ; and about 
 26 years ago it was computed, that it 
 employed 2000 fail of {hips in trade 
 to the fcveral parts of the world. By 
 the Severn and Wye they have the 
 whole trade, as it were, of South- 
 Wales to themfelves, and the gveateft, 
 part of that of North-Wales . Alfo the 
 fhopkepers here, who are generally 
 whclefale men, fend goods by land- 
 carriage to Exeter, Bath, Well?, 
 Froome, and ail the principal Ts. from 
 Southampton, even to the banks of 
 the Trent. Here are no lefs than 1 5 
 g!afs-houfes, that are fup.plied with 
 ccals from Kingiwocd and Mendip- 
 hillj, fome for glafles, and others for 
 bottles, of which there is a great de- 
 mand at the hot well in its neigh- 
 bourhood, and at the Bath for ex- 
 porting their mineral waters, &Y. 
 The hot well, which lies about a m. 
 from the city down the Avon, is very 
 much frequented in July End Auguft. 
 The rocks above the well, called St. 
 Vincents, are the chief pkce for pick- 
 inj up the Briftol ftones. On the 
 N^W'. fide of the city is Br.indon- 
 hill, where the laundrefle* dry their 
 linnen ; for which purpofe, it is faid, 
 it was granted to the city by Q^Eliz, 
 who alfo gave a charter, whereby 
 every man, that marries the daughter 
 of a citizen of BriitoJ, tcccmes frqe 
 of the city. At Jacob's-well undex 
 this hill plays are acted, almoft every 
 night in the fumrrer feafcn, by come- 
 dians from London. There are feme 
 conf;derable mfs. of woollen ftuffs 
 here, particularly cantaloons cartied 
 en chiefly by French refugees. On 
 the College-green, a very delightful 
 place which looks over all the city and 
 harbour, ftands not only the cathe- 
 dral, but a!lb the ftately high crofs, a 
 fine Gothic ftrufture, with the cfji- 
 gies of- feveial Kgs, of England all 
 rcur.d
 
 B R 
 
 B R 
 
 round it. In this city are 18 hofps. 
 befides ch. fcs. a guild-hall, and a 
 very large council-houfe ; and its cuf- 
 tom-houfe ftands en the fide of that 
 called Qnecn's-fquare, which is a- 
 dorncd with rows of trees that lead to 
 a curious equeftrian ftatue of K. Will. 
 III. in the centre. The city with its 
 fuburbs is very compacl, being almoft 
 as broad as long, and no way above a 
 m. yet the houfes are computed at 
 about 13000, and the fouls at 95000. 
 The number of its gates are about 14, 
 fcut its walls were razed in the R. of 
 Will. Rufus. According to a furvey 
 made in 1736, the circumference on 
 the Gloceftertnire fide was 4m. and a 
 half, and that on the Somerfetfhire 
 fide 2 m. and a half. It is a general 
 remark to the praife of its citizen", 
 that they are ftrict in obfervine the 
 fabbath, that no city keeps its Chs. 
 neater, or takes more care of their 
 funeral monuments, or kas fewer va- 
 grants and beggars. Carts are not ad- 
 mitted into this city, for fear of da- 
 maging the arches of the vaults, and 
 gutters that are made under ground 
 for carrying off the foil into the rs. ; 
 fo that the conftant draught here is 
 by fleds, which renders their pave- 
 ment exceeding flippcry. Here arc ?, 
 Fairs, vix, St. Jamii's, which is 
 kept in and about St. Janus"?, church- 
 yard on the Glocefterfhire fide ; and 
 St. Paul's Fair in Temple- ftreet 
 on the Somerfetfhire fide. Many of 
 the Londoners have rtiops at both 
 Fairs ; during which force of the 
 neighbouring inns make loo beds a- 
 piece for their guefts. To conclude, 
 this city has given title cf Earl to two 
 noble families, -vix. to that of Digby, 
 Jfince extinct ; and now to that of Ld. 
 Hervey of Ickworth. 
 
 BROCKET-HALL, (Hartf.} bet. 
 Wheathemfted and Digfweil, ftands 
 in a large pnrk, watered by the Lea r. 
 and was the ancient feat of thi Broc- 
 kets ; from whom, by marriage of a 
 daughter, it became the Lp. of Sir 
 James Read ; and is now the feat cf 
 Matthew Larnb Eli* 
 
 BRSCKFORD, (Suff.} a little to 
 the N. of Mendlefham, a manor 
 which was held of the honour of Eye, 
 in the R. of Hen. I. by Sir Robert'dc 
 Sncvil, Knt. an anceltor of the D. of 
 Dorfet. 
 
 BROCKH AMPTON, (Heref.) on, 
 the E. fide of the r. Wye towards 
 Holmhoufe,has a camp double trench- 
 ed, and near half a mile long, though 
 but narrow, on that called Capellar- 
 hill. 
 
 BR OD H o L M,(Afo.'f.)bet. the Trent 
 and the Fofle-way on the b. of Lin- 
 coln/hire, had formerly a priory, 
 whcfe lands were given at the Ref. to 
 John Coniers and William Haber ; 
 and were not very long ago in the te- 
 nure of William Mounfcn, Efq;. 
 
 BROKENBOROUOH, Or BROKE N- 
 
 BRIDGE, (ftf/ts,) a m. from Malrrr- 
 fbury, had once a palace of the Saxon 
 Kgs. and in the R. of Edw. 111. was 
 the eftatc of John, Ld. Molins. The 
 forte-way pafl'es through it. 
 
 BROM E-BuRNELL's, (Wiiriv,') 
 bet. Bitford and Salford, on the b. of 
 Worcestershire, firft the eftate of Bald- 
 win Wake, and afterwards of the 
 Burnclls, from whom it pafTed to the 
 Lovels family, and afterwards to the 
 crown ; when K. Hen. VIII. gave it 
 to Gerard Danet, Efq; in whofe fa- 
 mily it continued two or three fuccef- 
 fions, but was afterwards alienated to 
 others ; and in 1640 it became veiled 
 in S*ir Simon Clarke. 
 
 (f^ BROMLEY, (&nf,) on the r. 
 Raven/bourn, 6 cm. and 9 mm. from 
 London, in the road toTunbiidge, is 
 remarkable for a palace of thcBp. of 
 Rochefrer, to whom K. Edgar gave 
 the manor Anno 700 j and for a hof . 
 ereded by Bp. Warner, in the R. of 
 Ch. II. for 20 poor clergymen's wi- 
 dows, with an allowance of 20 /. a 
 year, and 50 /. a. year to the chaplain. 
 It has a Mt. en Tk. and Fairs Feb. 3, 
 
 0*3*$*). 
 
 BROMLIV, near Bdw, (M:'<U.) 
 2m. from London. Here was fory 
 meriy a mon. to which both the ma- 
 nor and re&ory were given by Sh: 
 Ralph
 
 B R 
 
 B R 
 
 Ralph Jofcelin ; but after the Ref. 
 K. Hen. VIII. granted them to Sir 
 Ralph Sadler, who exchanged them 
 with the crown for other lands elfe- 
 where : and Q._Eliz. granted the rec- 
 tory and parifli-church, with the ap- 
 purtenances, to Richard Pkkmore for 
 a term of years, and at the expiration 
 of it to Ambrofe Willcughby for a 
 farther term ; but the manor ftill re- 
 mained in the crown, and was by K. 
 James I. fettled on his fon Charles, 
 Pr. of Wales, who, on his acceffion 
 to the crown, granted it to Edward 
 Dichfield, &c. and their heirs. The 
 great houfe here was built by Sir John 
 Jacob, Bt. who was a ccmmiiTsoner 
 of the cuftoms at the reftoration, and 
 was afterwards the manor and feat of 
 Sir William Benfon, fherift" of Lon- 
 don in the R. of Q^ Anne, father to 
 William Benfon, Efq; one of the two 
 auditors of the impreft, who fold it 
 feme years ago with the rectory to 
 Mr. Lloyd, a gentleman of Wales. 
 
 J^ BROMLEY-ABBOTS, (Stef.) 
 on the Skirts of Derbyshire, 7 m. from 
 Tutbury, and 101 cm. and izSmm. 
 from Lcndon, had this name from 
 its abbey, which, at the Ref. was 
 given to Ld Paget, to hold of the 
 crown, and is therefore now called 
 Bromley-Pagets. It has aMt. onTu. 
 and a Fair Aug. 24. 
 
 BROMLEY-BAGOT s, (Staff.] a 
 little to the W. of the former, fo 
 called from the Bagots, who were its 
 Lds. from the conqucft ; and whole 
 family, of which there have been di- 
 vers Knts. have continued in and near 
 this place almoft ever fince. 
 
 BROMLEY-GERARDS, (Staff.} 
 en the W. fide of the Co. near BJore- 
 heath, the ancient eftate of the Brom- 
 leys ; but being fold to the Gerards 
 was therefore called Gerards-Brom- 
 ley, to which family it once gave the 
 title of Baron, 
 
 BROMLEY-REGIS, or KINO'S- 
 BROMLEY, (Staff.} on the Trent, 
 over which it once had a bridge, lies 
 bet. that r. and Bilfon-Brock, and was 
 a royal demefoe, 'till lien, III. patted 
 
 it to Roger Corbet, to hold of him in 
 capite. His pofterity held it, 'till the 
 3oth of Hen. VI. when it patted by 
 defcent, for want of male-iffue, to 
 the family of Baddeleigh of Chcfhire, 
 and from them to that of Patridge and 
 Agpard, which laft bought it. 
 
 BR OMP TON-BRIAN, (Hercf.} 7 
 m. from Ludlow, and on the b. of 
 Radnorshire, was held by the family 
 of Brian, Crnamed Brompton, fuc- 
 ceflively to the R. of Edw. III. when 
 it came to the Harleys, anceftors of 
 the prefent E. of Oxford, by the mar- 
 riage of Sir Robert Harley, thenKt. 
 of the /hire for Salop, with the daugh- 
 ter and heir of Sir Brian de Bromp- 
 ton, Ld. of Brompton. The caftle 
 here is a ftately pile with nne'parks. 
 
 |^ BROMSGROVE, (Wore.} 87 
 cm. and 1 18 mm. from London, is an 
 ancient Bor. near the rife of the r. Sal- 
 warp, which once fcnt members to Pt. 
 and had a chantry. It is governed by a 
 bailiff, recorder, aid. &c. has both a 
 woollen and linnen mf. a ch. f. fet- 
 tled by the late Sir Thomas Cook, for 
 teaching, cloathing, and putting out 
 12 boys apprentices, and confifts of at 
 leaft 400 houfes. It is the centre of 
 the roads to Coventry, Warwick, 
 Worcefter, and Shrewibury, and has 
 a Mt. on Tu. and Fairs May 3, June 
 24, Jufy 25, Auguft 29. 
 
 BR OMSK ALL, (Staff.) a little to 
 the S. W. of Uttoxeter'v. as anciently 
 the eftate of the Staffords, then of 
 the Erdefwkks; but in the R. of 
 Hen. VII. was decreed to Sir Robert 
 Willoughby, Ld. Brook, and others, 
 claiming as heirs of the Staffords ; 
 and it is, or was lately, in the family 
 of Grevil, defcended from that Ld. 
 The Verneys family had their feat 
 here in the Rs. of Hen. HI. Zdw. I. 
 and Edw. II. 
 
 BROMWICH, Magr.a & Par-vj, 
 and BROMWICH-CASTLE, (War.} 
 are all three members of Afton, and 
 lie near Colefhill. Thefirft bel. an- 
 ciently to the ccurt-leet of the So- 
 meries, Barons of Dudley. The fe- 
 cond, in the R, of Hen. VIIJ. was the
 
 B R 
 
 B R 
 
 'lhanor of John Bond, a wealthy clo- 
 thier of Coventry ; from whole pofte- 
 rity, it palled by the female heir to 
 the Kynardefleys, who were po(Ie;ffd 
 cf it 'till 1640. The third, fo called 
 from its producing broom, and lying 
 on a creek of the r. Tame, was alfo 
 the Lp. of the Barons of Dudley, and 
 by them given to one, who made it 
 his feat, and took his firneme from 
 it. It was in 1640 in the family of 
 Walter Devereux, Ld. Ferrers ; and 
 Edward Devereux, ton of Walter, 
 Vifc. Hereford, made it his feat, 
 which is now that of Sir John Bridge- 
 man, Bart, and is 82 m. from Lon- 
 don. Here is a ch. f. 
 
 BROMwiCK-WEST,(5wj7!) near 
 the Tame, a little to the S. of Wai- 
 fal, was in the R. of Edw. I. the Lp. 
 of Richard Barter,, and was lately the 
 feat of one of the Stanleys. It is no- 
 ted for the birth of Walter Parfons, 
 porter to K. James I. whofe picture 
 was hung up in the guard-room at 
 Whitehall, a man fo tall and ftrong, 
 that he would take up two of the 
 talleft yeomen of the guard under his 
 arms, and carry them as he pleafed, 
 do what they could, about the guard- 
 room. 
 
 (J^ BROMYARD, (Heref.) near 
 the r. Frome, 95 cm. and 124mm. 
 from London, near the mid-way bet, 
 Hereford and Worcefter, ftands in a 
 country full of orchards, and had for- 
 merly a chantry. It has a Mt, on M. 
 and Fairs on the 25th of March and 
 a 5th of May, on Wbit-Mond. and on 
 the Tb. before St. Jama?! and St. 
 Lukis days. 
 
 BROOK, (Rutl.) near Oakham, 
 to which it is a chapelry, had once a 
 priory, ftands within the limits of the 
 old forreft of Lyfield, and was granted 
 by Hen. VIII. :o Anthony Cope,Efo; 
 who in the next R. obtained a li- 
 cenfe to alienate it to the anceftor 
 cf the prelent E. of Gainfborough. 
 
 B,<OOK, (I'/ihi,} a little to thf S. 
 of North-Bradley, gives title of Ba- 
 ron to the family of Grevile. 
 
 BAOOKI.AND, (K(nt f ) in Rom- 
 
 ney-\far/?i, 4m. N.W. ofLyd, wa 
 formerly the eftate of the Eversfield 
 family, and then of the Face's of 
 Sufiex. It hus a Fair on the nrft of 
 A*ff. 
 
 BROSTLY, (Sahf,) 5 m. from 
 Bridgenorth among coal-mines, is re- 
 markable for a well, whofe water,tho* 
 cold, has fuch a combuflible vapour, 
 th-,t as loon as it is exhaled through 
 a hole in an iron cover laid over it, it 
 catches fire from any flame applied to 
 it, and will boil either eggs or meat 
 'till the cover is taken off, and then 
 it goes out. Here is a mf. of glazed 
 tobacco-pipes. 
 
 J3 1 BROUGH, {Weftm.} 6m. 
 from Applcby, and 191 cm. and 255 
 mm. from London, is alfo calk-d 
 Burgh under Stanmore, /'. e. a Bor. 
 under a ftcny mountain. It ftands 
 on a rivulet am. from the r. Eden, 
 and is divided into two towns, vix 
 theUpper,aliasChurch-Brough,where 
 the Ch. ftands,with a caftle and a fort, 
 called Caefar's Tower; the former of 
 whieii, being demolifhed, was rebuilt 
 not many years ago by the Countefs 
 of Pembroke. Near the bridge is a 
 fpaw-well. The other is called Low- 
 er-Brough from its fituation, and 
 Market-Brough from its Mt. on Tb. 
 which is pretty considerable. 
 
 BROUGH, (York, E. R.) in Hol- 
 dernefs, a fmall village near the old 
 Roman city Catarahim,with a bridge 
 called Cattarack-Bridge ; at the S. 
 end of which is a little ftone chapel, 
 where, according to tradition, mafs 
 was formerly faid everyday at eleven 
 o'clock for the benefit of travellers. 
 The manor-houfe is called Burgh J-J, 
 and the lands bcl. to it Thornbur- 
 reugh. Sir John Lawfon, Bt. has a 
 feat here. 
 
 BROUGHAM, (IVeftm.) near Pen- 
 rith in the road from Appleby, was 
 formerly the Lp. of the Vipoms ( then 
 of the Cliffords ; and was fettled by 
 the Lady Anne Clifford on her noble 
 alms-ho. at Applcby. Annc,Coimtef 
 dowager of Pembroke, w ho was of 
 this family, fettled an annuity of 4 /.' 
 for
 
 B R 
 
 for ever on the poor of this p. to be 
 diftiibuted every fecond day of April, 
 upon the ftone table juft by a pillar, 
 which fhe erected in 1656 in the 
 neighbouring park of Whitfield, in 
 memorial of thelaftfarewel flietook of 
 her mother, the Countefs dowager of 
 Cumberland, on the 2d of Ap. 1616. 
 
 BROUGHTON, (Lanc.)^.m.'N.W. 
 cf Ulverfton near the r. Duddon, was 
 the manor and feat of a family of that 
 name, 'till the R. of Hen. VII. when 
 SirThomasBroughron, Knt. forfeited 
 it, by taking part with the counter- 
 feit Plantagenet. 
 
 BROUGHTON, (Line.) on the r. 
 Ank, near Glandford. bridge and the 
 Roman caufey, which leads from 
 London by Lincoln to the Hurnbcr. 
 The Relfords were Lds. of it for fe- 
 yeral ages, 'till Sir Henry Relfordloft 
 it by an attainder for high treafon in 
 1455 ; but the Anderfons, defcend- 
 ants of Sir Edmund Anderfon, Ld. 
 Ch. Juf. of the Common-Pleas in the 
 R.of Q._Eliz. werelately, if they are 
 not ftill, Lds of the manor. On the 
 E. f;de of Broughton wood is a fpring 
 of water that petrifies mofs ; and not 
 far off are the ruins of the ftately 
 priory of Thornholm. 
 
 BROUGHT ON, (Nortbamp.) near 
 Kettering, in the road from North- 
 ampton, was formerly the manor cf 
 Sir Thomas Trefham ; but en his at- 
 tainder was given by K. Edw. IV. to 
 Walter Dcvereux, Ld. Ferrers. The 
 rectory here is no/, a year, paid in 
 jnoney by quarterly payments, clear 
 of taxes, or other deductions. 
 
 BROUGHTON, (Oxf.) near Ban- 
 bury, became the manor of Wiilism 
 Fiennes, Ld. Say, by his marriage 
 with the daughter of Sir Will. Wick- 
 ham, Knt. in the R. of Hen. VI. 
 and was lately, if it be not ftill, the 
 eftate of Vifc. Say and Seal. 
 
 BROUGHTON, (Hamf.} near the 
 Wallops, on the b. of Wiltfhire, has 
 a rectory, which is 500 /. a year, and 
 is the feat of Mr. Whitchea'd. 
 
 BR o u c H T o N, (Wilts,") bet. Brad- 
 ford and Lacock, was heretofore the 
 
 B R 
 
 eftate of the Giffards of Brimrrield m 
 theR.ofEdw.I. and in that of Hen, 
 IV. bel. part to Gilbert, Ld. Talbot, 
 and part to John Tuchet, Ld. Audley. 
 In the R. of Hen. VI. it be!, to Ed- 
 ward, D. of York and Albemarle ; 
 and in that of Edw. IV. to the king- 
 making E. of Warwick 5 but ht 
 whofe hands it has been fince, we 
 have no certain account. 
 
 BR o v c T ON, (Staff.) 5m. N.W. 
 of EcclefhaJJ, the feat of Sir Brian 
 Broughton, Bart, as it has been for 
 a long time that of his anceftors ; one 
 of whom founded and endowed a cha- 
 pel here for the family. 
 
 BROUGHTON-HALI., (Staff".) in 
 the p. of Longdon, to the N. of Litch- 
 rleid, v. as the feat of the Broughtons, 
 from the R. of K. John to the 4410 
 of Edw. I. when Tho. Ld. Brough- 
 tcn, fold it to Roger Afton, whofc 
 pofterity long enjoyed it, if they do 
 not ftill. 
 
 BROUCHTON.OVZR, (Jverr.) fo 
 called, to diftinguifli it^from Nether- 
 Broughton in Leicefterihire, to which 
 it joins ; is alfo called Broughton. 
 Sulney, from die Sulneys family who 
 were Lds. of it 'till theR. of Hen. III. 
 when it came to the Cliftons, whofe 
 family held it a long while 'till it was 
 fold by Sir Gsrvafe Clifton ; but the 
 advowfon of the Ch. ftill remained in 
 his pofterity. 
 
 BROUGH upon SANDS, (Cvmb.) 
 on the So!way-Frith, near the Picls 
 wall, from whence the neighbouring 
 tract is called the barcny of Burgh, 
 was formerly a Reman ihtion. Here 
 is a pillar, 9 yards and half in heighth, 
 which was ereele.I by John Aglionby, 
 Efq; in memory of K. Edw. I. who 
 died here the 7t'h of July, A.D. 1307. 
 
 (Nott.) on the N. W. fide of Netting-' 
 ham, was anciently of fuch note for 
 the meetings of the people on publick 
 affairs, that it probably gave name to 
 the whole Wapentake. It bel. once 
 to a family of the fame name. IH the 
 R. of Hen. VI. Henry, Ld. Grey of 
 Condover was pofietfed of it : After
 
 B R 
 
 TO 
 
 B 
 
 liim it was fucccfiu ely enjoyed by the 
 Parkers and Whalley;, which laft 
 having forfeited it to the crown, in 
 the R. of K. James I. that prince 
 gave it to Sir Philip Stanhope, Knt. 
 his heirs and afligns, paying 21 /. 4*. 
 a year rent. Since this it has been in 
 the hands of Byron and Perkins, which 
 laft fold it to Thomas Smith, fon of 
 Sir Francis Smith of Leicefterfhire, 
 who built a fine feat here ; but it was 
 lately fold to Sir Francis Topp, and 
 in the pofleiTion of Sir John Topp, 
 his fon. This village is reckoned in 
 the p. of Bilborough. 
 
 BRUMHAM, (Bedf.} 2m. from 
 Bedford, on the W. fide of the r. Oufe, 
 formerly the feat of the family of 
 Dives, and now of Ld. Trevor, to 
 whom it gives title of Baron. 
 
 jf^> BRUTON, (Sam.) 93 cm. and 
 115 mm. from London, is a well 
 built populous T. with a fair Ch. a fr. 
 L founded by K. Ed. VI. and a noble 
 alms-ho. the ruins of an a,bbey. Its 
 chief trade is in ferges, ftockings,malt- 
 ine, &c. It has a ftone bridge over 
 the r. Bru, in the London road to 
 Bridgewater. The manor, which was 
 heretofore in the Mohun's family, by 
 a grant from Will, the Conq. was 
 purchafed not many years ago by Sir 
 John Meeres of Lincoln/hire. The 
 lite and demefne of its mon. was given 
 by Henry VIII. to Sir Maurice Berk- 
 ley, anceftor to the Es. and Barons of 
 Berkley, whofe family had been feated 
 here for feveral ages, from the R. of 
 Edw. II. and it is now the feat of Ld. 
 Berkley of Stratton, as it was lately 
 of Vifc. Fitzharding. Here is a Mt. 
 on 5. with a fpacious hall over the Mt. 
 houfe, where the quarter fefljons arc 
 fometimes held for the E. divifion of 
 the Co. Its Fairs are on Good-Fri- 
 dty, April 23, Sept. 8. 
 
 J^ 3 BUCKENHAM-NEW, (Norf,') 
 79 m. from London, ftands en the r. 
 Wavency, half way bet. Ipfwichand 
 Norwich, has a Mt. on S. and is fup- 
 pofed to have had its name from the 
 bucks in the neighbouring woods. 
 Here was a fine ftrong cattle, which was 
 3 
 
 formerly poflefled by the Es. of ArurU- 
 del, from whom it defcended by mar- 
 riage, in the R. of K. Hen. III. to the 
 Totfalls ; and from them by Caly 
 and the Cliftons to the Knevets. The 
 Lds. of this manor are to be butlers 
 at the coronation of our kings. 
 
 5jc BUCKINGHAM, 12 cm. and 
 17 mm. from Ailefbury, and 44 cm. 
 and 60 mm. from London, is the Co. 
 T. and waflied on all fides, but the 
 N. with the Oufe, over which it has 
 3 ftone bridges. A caftle was built 
 by the Saxon K. Edw. the Elder in 
 the mi'ldle of the T. and it is divided 
 into two parts ; one where the Ch. is, 
 the other where the T. hall is. It 
 was a corp. and had fummonsto fend 
 members to Pt. Li the R. of Edw.lII. 
 but doe - not appear to have done fo, 
 'till the 36th of Hen. VIII. though 
 from that of Edw. VI. it has fcnt i 
 members regularly. Q._Mary incor- 
 porated it, by the name of a bailiff 
 and 12 burgeffes. K. Ch. H. in 1684 
 granted it a new charter, changing 
 the magiftrates into a mayor and aid. 
 but the old charter was reftored four 
 years after, and the magiftrates are 
 fcill a bailiff and burgeiles. Here is 
 a handfome T. hall, built chiefly at 
 the expence of Sir Ralph Verney, Bt. 
 where are kept the weights and mea- 
 fures of the Co. by ad of Pt. of Hen. 
 VII. In theR. of Hen. VIII. the Co. 
 bufinefs,which had chiefly been tranf- 
 acted here, was removed in a great 
 part, by the Ld. Ch. Juft. Baldwin to 
 his native T. of AileJbury, of which 
 he had purchafed the manor. This 
 T. was many years a wool-ftaple, and 
 many of its wool-halls are yet ftand- 
 ing. It is a large populous place with 
 a great Ch. whole ipire, reckoned one 
 of the talleft in England, was blown 
 down in 1698 by a tempeft, and ne- 
 ver rebuilt. Here is a fr. f. which 
 was a chapel, founded by Tho. Beck- 
 ct, A.B. of Canterbury ; and here was 
 formerly a chantry. The Co. gaol 
 was kept in the caftle here, 'till it fell 
 to decay ; but a new one is juft built : 
 and by a late act the furnmer affizes, 
 which
 
 B U 
 
 B U 
 
 which had been fometimes at Ailef- 
 bury, are always to be he'd h,ere. 
 On'thc 25th of'Marck, 172.5, a great 
 fire happeiied here, by which 1 38 fa- 
 miliei loft near 33,0007. in houfes 
 and goods. Several paper-mills are 
 creeled on the Oufe in its neighbour- 
 hood j and its Mt. is on S. with 8 
 Fairs, viz, on Mend, fe'ennight after 
 Epiphany, St. Mark's, T. in Wkit- 
 fun-TJeek, St. Peter, St. Biirtbolc- 
 r^.-r's, St. Matthew's, St. Simon And 
 Judfsj and St. Martins, days. 
 
 BUCK LAN D - MONACHORUM, 
 
 (Dew?:.) near Taviftock, had for- 
 merly a mon. is now the feat of Sir 
 Henry Drake, Bart, and has 2 fmall 
 ch. fcs. 
 
 BUCKLEBURY, (Berks,) I m. and 
 half from the Bath road, and 6 from 
 Newbury to the N. E. was the feat of 
 the late Sir Hen. Winfchcomb, whofe 
 daughter was married to the late Vifc. 
 Bolingbroke, and has been fince both 
 the manor and feat of the late Henry 
 Packer, Efq;. 
 
 BUCKSTEAD, (SuJ/ex,) near Alh- 
 dov.-n-Foreft, where were run the firft 
 pieces of caft iron that were ever made 
 in England. Here is a ch. f. 
 
 BUDBROOK, (PParw.) above 2 m. 
 W. of Warwick. It bel. formerly to 
 the Es. of Warwick j one of whom 
 gave its Ch. and tythes to the colle- 
 giate Ch. of his founding in that T. 
 and afterwards the Ch. was given to 
 the mon. of Kenilworth ; but Dud- 
 ley, E. of Warwick, to whom K. 
 Edw. VI. granted the manor, having 
 forfeited it in the R. of Q._Mary, it 
 was sivcn to Ld. Dudley and his heirs 
 male, who fold it to ferjeant Pucker- 
 ins ; v.hcfe pofterity did lately, if 
 they do not ftill, enjoy it. 
 
 BUD BY, (Nott.) near ThoweHby 
 in Sherwood-Fcreft, bel. to the royal 
 manor of Mansfield, and is become a 
 pretty T. fince the ufe of lime was 
 found out in the parts in and near the 
 fcreft. 
 
 f3 BUDDZSDALE, OrBoTES- 
 
 DALE, ( Suffolk,") near the b. of 
 Norfolk, ;zcm. and 8 1 mm, .from 
 
 London. Though a thoroughfare 
 from St. Edmundibury to Yarmouth, 
 it is a long mean built dirty T. with 
 a poor Mt. on Tb. It has a Fair on 
 Holy-Tb. and a grammar fr. fc. foun- 
 ded by Sir Nicholas Bacon, eftafclifhed 
 by Q^Eliz. ar.d endowed with feveral 
 fcholarihips for ftudents from Cam- 
 bridge ; but the mailer and ufher ate to 
 be elefted from Bennet's-college only, 
 \vher Sir Nicholas waseducated. The 
 benefit of the fchool-houle is, or was 
 lately, in the gift of Edmund Erittiff, 
 Efq;. 
 
 B u r> w o R T H , Magr.a, ( Cbcjhire, ) 
 3m. N. of Northwich, to whole 
 ftately Ch. a chapel was added by the 
 family of the Duttons. It ftands on 
 the N. fide of the lake, called Bud-, 
 worth-Meer, and has afairon Feb. I. 
 
 BUDWOR T H, Par<va, (Cbc/h.} near 
 Delamere-foreft, has a fulling-mill 
 and dye-houfe, and a ch. fc. 
 
 BUGDEN, (Hunt.) on the N. fide 
 of Bodington, has a handfome palace 
 of the Bp. of Lincoln, called Bugden- 
 hall, and a ch. fc. The Bp. has a 
 pretty little chapel there, with an or- 
 gsn fo well painted agabft the wall, 
 in a feeming organ loft, that at firft 
 fight a ftranger would think it real. 
 
 BUI.EY-CASTLE, (Wif.nur.} en 
 the r. Eden, a little above Appleby to 
 the N. W. is faid to have bcen'erefted 
 at 2 or 3 times, by the Bps. of Car- 
 lifle, fome of whom have kept their 
 ordinations here. * 
 
 BULKINGT.ON, (Wariv^ 4111. 
 
 from Coventry, is a large p. with fe- 
 vcral hamlets, whofe Ch. formerly 
 bel. to Leicefter-abbey, as the manor 
 did to the Zouches ; but in the R. of 
 Q^Eliz. It was fold with all the ham- 
 lets in it to Humphry Davenport and 
 Richard Bucknam, who faffed one 
 moiety of it to Sir Chriftopher Yel- 
 verton, one of the Juftices cf the 
 King's-Bench, whofe grandfon en- 
 joyed it in 1640, and the other moi- 
 ety to Mr. Purefey of Cal^ecote, whcfe 
 fon fold it to Anthony Stoughton, who 
 was the owner in 1640.
 
 B U 
 
 B U 
 
 ButKtKY, (Cbcjb.) on the W. 
 fide of the r. Weever, a little to the 
 N. W. of Cholmondeley, gave name 
 to the late Vifc. and had a feat bel. to 
 the Calverleys and Brafleys. 
 
 ^> BULLINGBROOK, ( LitlC. ) 
 
 bet. the r. Witham and the fea-coaft, 
 4 m. S. E. of Horncaftle, and 100 N. 
 from London, was the birth-place of 
 K. Henry IV. from thence furnamed 
 Honry of Bullingbrook j gave title of 
 E. to Oliver St. John, fo created by 
 K. James I. and of Vifc. to Henry St. 
 John, fo created by Q^Anne, when 
 he was one of her fecretaries of ftate, 
 but is now extinct by his attainder 
 in the firft year of the late R. for 
 high treafon. There is a Mt. on Tu. 
 
 BULNESS, (Cumb.] at the end of 
 the Pitts-wall, on the Solway-Firth, 
 from whence Antoninus begins his 
 itinerary ; and from whence the peo- 
 ple fay 'a paved caufey ran formerly 
 along the fhore to Elenborough, of 
 which, though few or no tokens ap- 
 pear, yet tracks of ftreets, and pieces 
 of old walls are often difcovered in 
 ploughing the common fields, as well 
 ;:s Roman coins and infcriptions ; and 
 net many years ago was dug up here 
 a fmall brazen figure of a Mercury or 
 Victory, late in the cuftody of Mr. 
 AgHenby. This was anciently the 
 head town of a large manor, contain- 
 ing many hamlets, of which it is ftill 
 the mother-church, and has a fort on 
 its promontory. 
 
 BBLWELL, (Nott.) with the 
 wood and park, bet. Befkwood-park 
 and Dcrby/nire, 7 m. from Notting- 
 ham, and 95 m. from London, is a 
 kind of corp. having the Perquifites 
 of their own courts, and the appoint- 
 ment of their own ftewards ; but 
 they ftill pay 7 /. a year to the Ld. of 
 the manor, and keep themfelves co- 
 py-holders, to preferve their cuftoms 
 and right of common in the foreft. 
 Part of the manor bel. heretofore to 
 the priory of Newfted, but after the 
 ref. the wood was granted, with the 
 priory, to Sir John Byron, Kt. who 
 made a park here, in which is a feat 
 cf the Ld, Byron. 
 
 BCMPSTED-HEMON, EJJeX, OH 
 
 the b. of Suffolk,near Haveril,\vhicL 
 the Helions held anciently by baro- 
 ny. The Ch. which was originally 
 in the D. and C. of St. Paul's, w.; 
 once left .in perpetual farm to the pr,~ 
 ory of Hatfield-Regis, at which time 
 this place was called Earls-Bumftei, 
 becaufe the Es. of Oxford were its 
 chief Us. 
 
 BUNBURY, (Cbefo.) on the E. 
 fide of Beefton-caftle, is a contraction 
 of Boniface- Bury, from St. Boniface, 
 to whom the Ch. was dedicated ; and 
 a college was built here by the fa- 
 mous Hugh Calvcrley, in the R. of 
 Rich. II. for the maintenance of 6 
 priefts. Sir Hen. Bunbury, Bt. has 
 a feat here. 
 
 K^> BUN GAY, (Suf.) 83 cm. and 
 loi mm. from London. It had a 
 nunnery, a priory, and a caftJe in the 
 R. of K. Stephen, which though de- 
 rnoliflied by K. Hen. III. its ruins are 
 ftill to be feen. On the firft of March, 
 1689, the whole T. was alnioit de- 
 ftroyed by a fire, to the dar 
 near 30,000 /. but it has been Innd- 
 fornly rebuilt. Here are 2 p. Chs. 
 and a giammar fc. with 10 Scholar 
 fiiips for Emanuel-coll. Cambridge. 
 Its Mt. \vliich is on T.k. is mucli fre- 
 quented by people from Norfolk, as 
 is its Fair on June 25. The r. \V.t 
 vency, by which 'tis almoft incom- 
 pafled, being navigable to Yarmouth, 
 is a great benefit to its trade. A large 
 common bcl. to the T. on which 
 there is a race-ground, 2 m. in com- 
 pafs. Here is a fine cold-bath, a 
 vineyard and a phyfick-garden, all 
 laid out by Mr. King, an apothecary 
 of the T. in a place which com- 
 mands a moft beautiful profpecl of 
 the adjacent country. 
 
 BUNNY, (Nott.) near Nottingham 
 is the feat of Sir Tho. Parkyns, Bt. 
 who built a fr. fc. here and 4 alms- 
 ho. and erected the manor- houfes of 
 Bunny, and Eaft-Leake, which he 
 furnifhed with a park- wall of brick, 
 3 m, round, all raifed on arches, the 
 firft of the kind built in England. 
 This manor was granted in the R. of 
 I Hen.
 
 B U 
 
 B U 
 
 Hen. III. to the Frefchevils, from 
 \vhom it paflcd thro' the families of 
 Belers, Swillington, Cromwel and 
 Illingworth, till near 200 years a;o, 
 that it was purchafed by Rich. Par- 
 kins, Efq; defcenced of the Parkins's 
 of Berkihire, the anceflor of its pre- 
 fer.t owner. 
 
 g^* BUNTINGFOP.D, (Hertf.)l% 
 
 cm. 32 mm. from London, is a fmall 
 T. on the ford of the little r. Rib, and 
 upon Ermine- ftreet, in the poft-road 
 to Cambridge and the N. being a cha- 
 pelry to Layfton, though fituated in 
 that, and 3 other ps. and having a 
 handfome chapel of brick, which was 
 finifhed in 1626. Edw. III. granted 
 it a Mt. in the highway on $. and 
 Fair on the day and eve of St. Peter 
 and Paul. TheT. ftands in the manor 
 cf Cornbury, which Hen. VIII. gave 
 -to Ld. Char. Audley, with a grant 
 of a Mt. in the high-ftreet every M. 
 and two Fairs for two days each, vir. 
 the day and morrow of St. Peter and 
 St Paul, and the day and morrow of 
 St. Andrew. Here is a handfome 
 alms -ho. founded and endowed by 
 Seth Ward, Bp, of Sarum, for four an- 
 cient men,and as many ancient women 
 that had lived hnndfomely and were 
 reduced by misfortune. And here is 
 a fc. houfe, which was built in 1630, 
 by the widow of Will. Freeman, Efq; 
 of Afpedon-halJ, who gave 7 /. a year 
 to teach feven poor children. The faid 
 Bp. who was brought up at the fr. fc. 
 here, gave moreover four fcholarfhips 
 of 12 /. a year to Chrift's-college, 
 Cambridge, to be enjoyed by four 
 fcholars, natives of Hertfordfhire, 
 that were educated at this fc. till they 
 were mafters of arts. 
 
 BUR BACH, (Leic, ) near High- 
 Crofs and Hinkley, did, if it does not 
 (till, bel. to the family of the D. of 
 Kent, to which the manor paft by 
 defcent from Ld. Grey of Ruthin. 
 'Tis a long large T. in the p. of Af- 
 ton-Flamvile, znd has a fair and fpa- 
 cious chapel, with a high fpire. 
 
 BUR DING BURY, ( IVarTU . ) OH 
 
 the N. fide of Long-Itchington, in 
 the road from Oxfordfhire to Coven- 
 
 try, bel. formerly to the monks of 
 Coventry, but (^Elizabeth granted 
 it to Henry Goodere of Bagintcn, 
 Efq; who fold it to John Shuckbugh, 
 Efq; a clerk in chancery, whofe great- 
 grandfon Thomas had it in 1640. 
 
 BURES, (Suffolk,} has a bridge 
 on the Stouv, near Neyland, and is 
 an ancient royal vill, where was 
 crowned King Edmund," who was 
 murdered by the Danes. In the R. 
 of Hen. I. the manor was held of the 
 honour of Eye, by Sir Robert Sack- 
 vilie ; in that of Edw. I. 'twas the 
 eftate of William Aguillon, and af- 
 terwards of the Bardolfs, the Poyn- 
 ings, and the Walgraves. In 1733, 
 the fpire of its Ch. was burnt by 
 lightning, and the bells melted. 
 
 ({^BURFORD, (Oxf.) on the r. 
 Windrufii, 62 cm. and 85 mm. from 
 London. It had a charter from Hen. 
 II. granting it all the cuftoms of the 
 townfmen of Oxford, and though it 
 loft moft of them, it ftill retains the 
 face of a corp. having a common feal, 
 and being governed by two bailiffs, 
 &c. Its Mt. which is on 5. is no- 
 ted for laddies ; and the feven downs 
 near it for horfe-races. Its fails are 
 June 24, Sept. 14, and the 5. before 
 and after Michaelmas. This place 
 gives title of E. to the D. of St. Al- 
 bans. A fynod was held here in the 
 Saxons time, wherein the abbot of 
 Malmfbury was ordered to write a 
 bcok on the obfervation of Eafter ; 
 and here was an ancient cuftcm of 
 cam-ing an artificial dragon about the 
 ftreets on Midfummcr-E-ve, alluding, 
 as fuppefed, to the pidture of a dra- 
 gon on a certain banner that was ta- 
 ken in a battle fought in the time of 
 the Saxons in a neighbouring field, 
 called Battle-Edge. Here was for- 
 merly a priory. A proverb has ta- 
 ken rife from 'this T. called a Bur- 
 ford Bait, which is a bait not to ftay 
 the flomach, but to over-charge it. 
 The place was formerly held by fer- 
 vice of a barony to fend five men to 
 the K's. forces on any expedition to 
 Wales. 
 
 BUR.
 
 B U 
 
 B U 
 
 BUR FORD, near Warwick, is no- 
 ted for the birth of Samuel Fairfax, 
 \vho, when twelve years old, dwelt 
 under the fame roof, and fat at the 
 fame table with his father and mother, 
 grandfather and grandmother, great- 
 grandfather and great-grandmother, 
 who all lived very happily together. 
 
 BURGH, (Derby) in the peak, near 
 Caftleton, frequented in the Roman 
 times on account of the baths to 
 which a cart-road leads called Bath- 
 gate. 
 
 /> BURGH, (Lin.) bet. Salt- 
 fleet and Wainfleet, 104 m. from 
 London, has an inconfiderable Mt. on 
 Tb. and a ch. f. 
 
 BURGH-CASTLE, (Suff.) at the 
 mouth of theWaveney, and the N. E. 
 part of the co. 4 m. S. W. of Yar- 
 mouth, is fuppofed to be Gariono- 
 num, where the Romans had a fort 
 to defend the coaft againft the Saxon 
 pirates. There is yet ftanding great 
 part of its wall, the materials where- 
 of were flints and bricks, defended by 
 four towers ; and Roman coins are 
 often found here. In the time of the 
 Saxons here was a mon. which is 
 fuppofed to have been afterwards in- 
 habited by the Jews, the rather be- 
 caufe of an old avenue to it called the 
 ye^vt-tvay. K. Hen. III. gave its 
 Caftle to the mon. of Bornholm, but 
 it was demolished long before the 
 ref. 
 
 BURGH-CLERE, (Hamp.) a little 
 to the W. of King's-Clere, ftands at 
 the foot of a hill, which has a mili- 
 tary camp on the top of it (fuch as 
 our ancestors called a Burgh) encom- 
 pafled with a broad trench, and there 
 being a large profpeft of the country 
 from it, a beacon ufed to be placed on 
 it in the Saxons time, by reafon of 
 the profpeft from hence N to Cuck- 
 hamfley-hill E. almoft to Reading, 
 and S. all over Hampshire, as far as 
 the Ifle of Wight. 
 
 ST. BUR i EN, (Corn.) 5 m. from 
 Penfance, 296 from London, had a 
 college of prebendaries in the R. of 
 William the Conqueror, and bel. for- 
 
 merly to the pope, but was fcized in* 
 to the K's. hands by one of the Eu- 
 wards, and is now an independent 
 deanry,including three ps. from whole 
 fpiritual jtirifdidlion there is no ap- 
 peal but'direclly to the K. and 'tis 
 held in ccmmcndam by the bps. of 
 Exeter. 
 
 BUR LEIGH, (Nortbamp.) I m. 
 from Stamford, to the S. E, is the 
 place that firft gave title of baron to 
 lecretary Cecil in the R. of Q^Eliz'. 
 as it has done ever fince to his de- 
 fcendants the Ers. of Exeter. He 
 made it his chief feat, and added a 
 park to it, through which, by the 
 wall, pafleth the old Roman forty- 
 foot way, and fo on above Berneck. 
 to Wolcot. It bel. to St. Martin's 
 p. in Stamford. The houfe, which 
 has been very much improved by his 
 fuccefTors, particularly by the late E's. 
 father, is truly great and noble, fo 
 that for ftately rooms, paintings, car - 
 vings, terrafes, fountains, walks, &c. 
 it may vie with the beft feat in Eng- 
 land. It looks more like a town 
 than a houfe, in which the tower ; 
 and pinnacles appear like thole of 
 churches ; and a large fpire covered 
 with lead rifes like that of a cathr - 
 dral over the clock in the centre. 
 There is an uninterrupted proffcrt 
 from it for near 30 m. over Stamford 
 into the Fens of Lincolnfliire. In the 
 great hall is the aforefaid E's. pic- 
 ture on horfe-back, done by the D. of 
 Tufcany's chief painter, at his High- 
 nefs's charge, the E. being then at 
 his court. And here is fo fine a 
 piece of Seneca's bleeding to death in. 
 his bath, that 'tis faid the late French 
 K. offered 6000 piftoles for it. There 
 are alfo the fineft paintings by the cc - 
 lebrated Vcrrio, whom the E. em 
 ployed j z years in his family, allow- 
 ing him a coach and equipage, with a 
 confiderable penficn. 
 
 BURI.EY ON THE HILL, (Rut!.) 
 near Oakham, has a fine feat alfo of 
 theE. of Winchelfea, and the glory 
 of the co. it being a pleafcn 
 that over-looks the rich vale of Cat- 
 I z jnofis.
 
 B U 
 
 B U 
 
 . In the R. of Edw. II. Ni- 
 i'e Segrave was Ld. of the ma- 
 nor, which was in the next R. con- 
 e\ ed to the Spenfers, for which they 
 - 12 s. zd. a year to the crown 
 as a lect., as it is charged upon the 
 iherift to this day. It was foun af- 
 ter alienated to the Pleflingtons, and 
 by marriage came to the family of 
 Francis, and thence to the Snpcotes 
 and the Harringtons, in whofe fa- 
 mily it continued till pmchafed by 
 S'r C-eogre Villars, . afterwards D. 
 of Buckingham, who made the feat, 
 which was firft creeled by John Lc. 
 Harrington, one of the fined in Eng- 
 l-i nd. In the civil wars there was a 
 garrifon in it for the Pt, which on 
 the approach of the K's. forces aban- 
 doned it, after fetting fire to the 
 houfe and rich furniture. The (tables 
 however being at fome diftance from 
 th. hcufe efcaped, and are, at this 
 day, one of the nobleft buildings of 
 the kind in England. The late E. 
 of Nottingham (Daniel Finch) hav- 
 ing purchafed the ]p. rebuilt the houfe 
 at a great expence, and made it more 
 beautiful and commodious than ever. 
 It has a park 5 or 6 m. in compafs 
 walled in, with fine woods, rich 
 pafture and ftore of game in it, fo 
 that there are few, if any, feats fu- 
 perior to it for gardens, paintings, &c. 
 and a fine library. Here was former- 
 ly a chantry. 
 
 BURMARSH, (Ksnt^'m Rumney- 
 marln, where was once a manfion 
 called Abbots-court, becaufe the ab- 
 bot of Canterbu)y ufed to fojourn 
 here when he came to furvey the 
 rr.or>'cs lands in the marfli. K. Hen. 
 VIII. granted it to Will. Finch, Efq; 
 v.h'.fefucceflor Thomas E. cf Wiri- 
 chelfea fold it to Rajph Whitfield, 
 ferjeant at law. 
 
 B u s M i N G T o > , (Wana. ) a Iktle 
 to the S. E. of Shipton, brl. for- 
 merly to the Greenvils, to the Staf- 
 ford's of Southwick, and the Strange- 
 'vayj, one cf whom, viz. Sir Giles, 
 Alienated jt in the R. of Hen. VIII. 
 c. Henry An.ieflev. 
 
 BURNHAM, (Bucks.} in the B.itt- 
 road, near the Thames, and z m. 
 E. of Maidenhead. The ancient Lds. 
 of its manor were the Hodings, Hun- 
 tercombs and Scudamores ; and it 
 had formerly a moh. It gives name 
 to its h. and is a deanery, confirming 
 of 22 ps. Here is a ftatute-fair for 
 hirir.g iervants, Sept. 21. 
 
 BUSNH AM-Dtpr ALE,(AV/.) in 
 the N. W. part of the co. noted for 
 its falt-madhes, which are proper 
 tor feeding and preserving fheep in 
 health. 
 
 ^ B U R N H A M - M A R K T T, 
 
 (A r ;r/") in the neighbourhood of the 
 former, 90 m. from London, has a 
 harbour, and a Mt. on S. On the 
 fliore here are many little hills, fup- 
 pofed to be the tombs of the Saxons 
 and Danes formerly kill'd here. The 
 manor of Burnham- Market, after 
 feveral defcents, pafled to the Cal- 
 throps, who enjoy'd it for many 
 ages ; but, not long ago, it came in- 
 to the hands of the Parkers of Ld. 
 Morley's famify. Here was for- 
 merly a mon. There are feveral vil- 
 lages in the neighbourhood of the 
 fame name, which, for diftinclion, 
 carry an addition of the names of the 
 ancient Lds. of the feveral manors. 
 Seven of them drive a great trade in 
 corn to Holland. 
 
 J^> BURNLEY, (Lane.) in the 
 N. E. part of the co. 153 m. from 
 London, is a fmaJl place, in a very 
 healthy air, with a Mt. on S. and 
 Fair Feb. I. Several Roman coins 
 have been dug up here, dated in the 
 time of the confuls. 
 
 BURNSAL, (Tort. W. R. ) bet. 
 Settle aud Patley-bricge, ftands on 
 the r. Wherfe, over which Sir Wil- 
 liam Craven, an aid. cf London, who 
 was a native of this place, and fa- 
 ther of the firft Ld. Craven, built a 
 ftone-bridge, and founded and endow- 
 ed a fr. fc. hard by. He alfo built 
 a Ch. here, ;ird four bridges elfe- 
 where, -,vith. the caufeys leading to , 
 them.
 
 B U 
 
 ' BURNT-ELY, (Suff. ) bet. Sud- 
 bury and Billion, bel. to the anceftors 
 of Sir Henry Shekon, who procured 
 a Mt. for it of Hen. III. long fincc 
 difcontinued. His poiterity flourifli- 
 ed here a long while j but here were 
 fome lands bel. to the abbey of St. 
 Ofyth. The Ld. Cornwallis had a 
 feat here, which is now the E. of 
 Dyfert's. "Pis, for brevity, call'd 
 Brently, and is the fame with Brent- 
 Ely, already mentioned. 
 
 5^* BUR NT WOOD, or BRKNT- 
 WOOD, (Effex,) 15 cm. and above 
 17 mm. from London, is one of the 
 4 hamlets to the p. of Southwold 
 cum Brent, and ftands on a hill in 
 the road from London to Harwich, 
 fo that it has good inns, and is a po- 
 pulous place, where the afiizes have 
 been held feveral times. On Parflow- 
 Wood common near it, are frequent 
 horfe-races. The Mt. is Tb. and 
 Fair July 7. both granted by K. Ste- 
 phen to the abbot of St. Ofyth. 
 Here was formerly a chantry founded 
 by Ifabel daughter to K. Edw. III. 
 
 BURRINGTON, which in old 
 deeds is called Bovington, a little N. 
 of Chimleigh, bel. formerly to the 
 abby of Taviitock. It ftands on the 
 Taw r. near the place, where it joins 
 the Moule. 
 
 BURROW, (Leic.) near Billefdon, 
 half a m. from Burrow-hill, which 
 has given name to an ancient family 
 of good gentlemen in thefe parts, and 
 from which there is a pleafant prof- 
 peft of ths adjacent country. 
 
 * BURROW-BRIDGE, (ftrS.'W. 
 R.) is a poft-town, 169 cm. and 
 209 mm. from London ; 'tis fo called 
 from its fine bridge of ftone,with very 
 wide high arches over the Ure r. 
 which runs to it from Rippon, that 
 is 4 m. off, and which being joined a 
 little below by theSwale, is there call- 
 ed the Oufe. This bor. is governed 
 by a bailiff, and firft fent members to 
 pt. in the r. of Q._ Mary I. 'Tis 
 thought that 7 or 8000 /. a year is 
 laid out here in hard-ware, which is 
 
 the chief fupport of the place, There 
 
 B U 
 
 are high ftone caufeys at the end of 
 the bridge to keep out the water, 
 which neverthelefs fometimes over- 
 flows them. It has a Mt. on S. and 
 a Fair June 1 1, for a week, befides 
 another great fair for cattk-. Here 
 was formerly a chantry. This was 
 one of the manors which K. Edw. II. 
 granted to his favourite Piers Gave- 
 iton. And here he fought a battle 
 with his barons and defeated them. 
 Sir Thomas Tancred, Bart, has a good 
 feat here. 
 
 BURSCOUGH, (Lane.) near La- 
 tham and Oi me/kirk, had formerly a 
 priory, the fcite and demefnes of 
 which were granted by Edw. VI. to 
 Sir William Paget, Kt. of the garter, 
 and principal fecretary of ftate. 
 
 BURSLEM, (Staff.) within 3 m. 
 of Newcaftle-Under-Line, bel. to the 
 family of Henry de Audley, from 
 the R. of Hen. III. to the end of the 
 1 6th century. 'Tis noted fora mf. 
 of pots to hold butter, which, ac- 
 cording to the acl of pt. for prevent- 
 ing abufes in the package of that 
 commodity, were to be of a cylindri- 
 cal form, not to weigh above 6 /. 
 and to contain at leaft 14 Ib. of but- 
 ter. Its potters ufe almoft all the 
 lead-ore that is dug at Lawton, and 
 give 6 or 7 /. a tun for it. Her.- is a 
 fuiphur-water, which in winter and 
 fome other times, will ftrike with 
 galls, but not in fummer. 
 
 BURSTED,GRIAT andLiTTLi:, 
 (E/ex) near Billericay ; K. Hen. VI. 
 granted the manor to Sir Richard 
 Rich, who alienated it to Walter 
 Farr, and his heirs, who fold it to 
 Ld. Pctrc. Little-Burfted was, not 
 many years ago, the manor of Wil- 
 liam Walton. 
 
 BURST ON, (Staf.) a little to the 
 N. E. of Newcaftle-Under-Linc, was 
 in the R. of Hen. III. the eftute of 
 Sir James Leigh, and afterwards that 
 of the Mar/hals. 
 
 BURSTOW, (Suiry,) on the b. of 
 Sufiex, not far from E. Grinfted, was 
 in the R. of Rich. I. the Ip. of Ste- 
 phen FiU-Jiamon, who, according 
 I 3 to
 
 B U 
 
 to the cuftom of thofe times, adorned 
 the name of his manor ; and from 
 him defcended the family of the Bur- 
 ftows of this co. and that of By/he. 
 About 80 years ago, a petty Fair was 
 held here on St. Bartholomew's day, 
 iince difufcd, In this p. formerly 
 dwelt the Tyrrels, a family of note. 
 The manor has a court-leet and a 
 court-baron, and has feveral very 
 large commons in it with fifh-ponds. 
 New-chapel is a hamlet in this p. 
 near a large common, where former- 
 ly ftood the chapel from whence it 
 takes its name. 
 
 3^ BURTON, (Line.} which is alfo 
 cailedBurton-Stather,i27cm.andi49 
 mm. from London,ftands very well for 
 trade, on the E. f;de of the Trent, 
 v. hcreon it has feveral mills, and the 
 houies are pleafantly intermixed with 
 tress. It has z Chs. one fo low in 
 refpeft to the precipice over it, that 
 a perfon may almoft leap from it on 
 ! he fieepl?. Its Mt. is on M. and 
 Vair on Li-dj- ' . 
 
 I0" BURTON, (V/efim.} 195 cm. 
 7.44 mm. from London, is on the b. 
 or Lancashire ; has a Mt. on T, and 
 Fair on Whit-Monday. 
 
 BURTON, (Nott.] 3 or 4m. from 
 Nottingham, in the icad to Newark, 
 v.as oiled Burton- Jorz, from its an- 
 cient owners, till near the R. of Hen. 
 VIIL when it tame into the hands 
 of Sir Bryan Stapleton. Some of its 
 land bei. formerly to the priory of 
 Thu.garton, ard another ,j>art of the 
 m.'-nor to a family v/hith was from 
 hrnce called Burton. 
 
 BURTON-CONSTABI-K , (York. 
 
 N. R.) ftands in the road from Mid- 
 l.im to Richmond, and has the name 
 from its ancient Lds. the Conftables, 
 though it does not appesr to have 
 come into their poflefT.on till the R. 
 of Km. VI. for in that of Edw. II. 
 it M. to the Ld. Scroop of Ma/ham, 
 who obtEined a licenfe for its holding 
 a Mt. on F. and a Fair on the eve 
 and day of St. Mary- Magdalen, and 
 ia his family it continued for. feveral 
 
 B U 
 
 fuccefilons. *Tis the feat of Sir 
 Marmaduke Wyvil. 
 
 near Barnefley, where the Lady Ma- 
 ry Armyn, grandaughter of George 
 Talbot, E. of Shrewsbury erected a 
 hof. for 6 poor widows, to have each 
 40 s. and a gown every year. 
 
 BURTON-HASTINGS, ( War. ) 
 near the road from Coventry to Lei- 
 cefter, fo called from its ancient Lds. 
 the Haftings, who held one half of 
 the town 5 the other moiety of 
 which was given in the R. of Ken. II. 
 to the mon. of Nun-Eaton. The 
 Haftings part was afterwards fold to 
 Mr. Harvey a merchant, whofe 
 daughter carried it, by marriage, to 
 Thomas Cotton, Efq; of Hunting- 
 tonlhire, whofe great-grandfon Sir 
 Thomas Cotton of that co. Bart, was 
 pofiefled of it in 1640. 
 
 BURTON-LAZERS , ( Leic. ) on 
 the S. fide of Melton-Mowbray, in 
 the road from Oakham, fo called 
 from a rich hof. founded here in the 
 R. of Hen. I. for hzcrs or lepers, to 
 the mafter of which, all thole of the 
 reft of the kind were i'ubjc<ft, as he 
 was to the mafter of the iazers at 
 Jerufalem. Here is a chapel of eafe 
 to the p. of Melton-Mowbray. 
 
 BURTON ON THE WATER, 
 (G7<?f.) from whence the famous Ro- 
 man highway, call'd the foffe, from 
 N.Leech, pafles to Stow in theWould, 
 feems to have been formerly a place 
 of fome note, and has Hill the traces 
 of a very extenfive camp. 'Twas 
 not very long ago the manor and feat 
 of Mr. Trindar and Mr. Jordan. 
 
 3=" BURTON UPON TRENT, 
 (Staff.') 96cm. and 123 mm. from 
 London, was formerly noted for an 
 abby, whofe abbot being miter'd, 
 fat in pt. and for its works of ala- 
 bafter, hut now chiefly for its fine 
 ale. It had a caftle which bel. to 
 the Ferrars family ; but its principal 
 ftrudhire now is its bridge over the 
 Trent into Derby/hire, which, except 
 that of Wefimintfer, is thought, by 
 fome,
 
 B U 
 
 B U 
 
 feme, to be the fineft in England. 
 'Tis all of fquared free-ftone, about 4 
 quarter of a m. in length, with 37 ar- 
 ches, through which the r. runs, and 
 here divides into three channels. 
 Here was not long a,o, if there be 
 not ftil!, a profitable mf. of cloth. 
 Barges come up to the T. by the 
 hi-ip of art, with n full ftream in a 
 deep frfe channel. In the out-woods 
 near it ufed to be horfe-races. -Its 
 Mt. is on rb. Fairs on Ho'y-Tb. June 
 27, and 08. 18. 
 
 B u R T o N -Wi; s T , ( JWr. ) a ham- 
 let of the A.Bp, of York's manor at 
 Lanum, about 3 m. by the Trent 
 from Gainelborcugh. 'Tic: a rich T. 
 unj mofl- part of it was the eftate of 
 the lave William Levinz, Efq; mem- 
 Ler cf pt. though given by Hen. VIII. 
 to William Nevil), Efq; and his 
 heirs. 
 
 (f^Bup. v, (Lane.} 143 cm. and 
 103 mm. from London, ftands on 
 the Irwell, is much noted for the 
 tuftian mf. and drives a confiderable 
 tr.:,l-j in the coarfe goods called hair- 
 thicks and kerfcys, though it lies 
 out of any great road. Its Mt. is 
 Tb. and Fairs Gc,od-l'r. ^frilz^, and 
 Sept. 8. Several R. man coins have 
 been formerly dug up here. 
 
 # BURY ST. EDMOND'S, (Suf.) 
 jo r.i. from Newmarket and 64 cm. 
 7 5 mm. from London, where was an 
 abbey, founded in honour cf St. Ed- 
 mund, K. of the E. Angles, who 
 was crowned and buried here, after 
 being martyr'd by the Dan, s. 'Tis 
 governed by an aid. 12 capital bur- 
 ge.Tes, and 24 CC. is well built, 
 much frequented by the gentry, and 
 has 2, fine noble parilh chs. both in 
 one ch. yard, with a grammar fc. 
 founded by Edw. VI. Its Mts. are 
 W. F. and S. and its Fairs are kept 
 upon Angel-hill on GooJ-Fr. Eaftir- 
 Tu. Stpt. 21. Nov. it and 10. The 
 greateft of them, and perhaps the 
 greateft in all England, is that which 
 begins on St. Matthew"* day, viz. 
 Stpt. zi> and Jafts a fortnight, du- 
 
 ring which there is raffling every af- 
 ternoon, with a play in the evening, 
 from whence the company repair to 
 an affembly, which is at fome gen- 
 tleman's houfe. For its good air, 
 beautiful fituation and profpecl, 'tis 
 called the Montpellier of England. 
 The r. Bourn or Lark, that runs on 
 the E.fide of it is navigable from Lynn 
 to Farnham, which is but I m. off. 
 The chief publick buildings are the 
 Guild-hall, Wool-hall, and Shire- 
 houfe, betides the Abby-gate, which 
 is ftill a fine monument of what the 
 abby was once. Spinning is almoft 
 the only mf. here. This T. was 
 burnt to the ground by S.;eno the Da- 
 nifh K. Stow fays here was a mint 
 in the R, of K. John, and fome of 
 the pennys of Edw. I. and II. are 
 ftill preferved here. This is the 
 ufual place for the affixes and quarter- 
 feflions : and here are 3 ch. fcs. In- 
 cluding the fubvirb-, 'tis i m. and a 
 quarter from E. to W. and I m. and 
 a half from S. to N. and contains 
 5 wards, 5 gates, and 34 ftreets, 
 which are frrnit, fpacious, well-pav'd, 
 and generally cut one another at right 
 anjlvs. St. Mary's, which is much 
 the oldeftCh. was firft built in 1005, 
 and rebuilt in 1430. St. James's was 
 not quite finiflied till the ref. at which 
 time here were 5 hiif, one college, 
 and above 40 churches and chapels. 
 They are both remarkable for their 
 fymmetry, large, beautiful windows, 
 neat pillars and noble roofs. This 
 place has been famous for feveral con- 
 ventions of the nobility and pts. The 
 barons made their league here againft 
 K. John. Here was a pt. in the R. 
 of Hen. ill. and another in that of 
 Edw. I. In that of Edw. III. the 
 townfmen broke open the abby, car- 
 ried off its treafure, boiks and char- 
 ters, and made the abbot and monk 
 their prifoners, till they had fealcd a 
 charter of incorporation for the T. 
 and given it th cuitody of all the T, 
 gates, and the wardship of all its or- 
 phans j but 19 of the rioters were 
 executed,
 
 B U 
 
 B U 
 
 executed, the T. fined 60000 /. and 
 all the writings that had been extort- 
 ed from the abbots made void. In 
 the R. of Hen. VI. a pt. met here, 
 when Humphrey D. of Gloccfter, 
 who had been regent during his mi- 
 nority, was bafely murdered here, 
 which gave the firft occafion to the 
 war bet. the houfes of York and Lan- 
 cafter. In K.,Edw. VI:h's time, 
 here were reckoned about 3000 houfc- 
 keepers, and in that of Q._Eliz. 4000 
 communicants. They petitioned her 
 for the privilege of fending mem- 
 bers to pt. but could not obtain it 
 till it was conferred on them by Ch. 
 I. who alfo granted them their char- 
 ter of incorporation ; and in 1608, 
 when feveral hundred of their houfes 
 were burnt down, he gave them 
 great quantities of timber to rebuild 
 them. In 1636 this T. was fo de- 
 populated by a plague, that the grals 
 grew in the ftreets. Here is a hof. or 
 work-houfe for 30 boys and girls, 
 which was formerly Mofes's fyna- 
 gogue, where the Jews worshiped, 
 who were very numerous here till 
 1179, that for murdering a boy in 
 dcrifion of our Saviour's crucifixion, 
 and for the like offences elfewherej 
 they were banifhed the kingdom. 
 
 B u s H a u R y , ( Staff. ) bet. Bre- 
 wood and Walfal, was lately, if it be 
 not ilill, the feat of the Grofvenors, 
 where, not very long fince, was found 
 in a wood, call'd the Birchen r Lefow, 
 the brafs head of the bolt of a Ro- 
 man .Catapulta. 
 
 BUTTER WICK, (Hartf.} in the 
 p. of St. Alban's, was given by K. 
 Hen. VIII. to Anthony Denny, Efq; 
 v,ho fold it to Sir Richard Cox, (ma- 
 iler of the houihould to Q._E!iz. K. 
 James I. and K. Ch. I.) in whofe 
 pofterity it did lately, if it does not 
 ftiil remain. 
 
 BUXTON, (Derby.') one of the 
 wonders of the high-peak, having 
 9 wells, that rife near the head of the 
 r. Wye, whofe waters were noted 
 in the time of the Romans. They 
 sie hot and fulp hareous yet not fotid, 
 
 but palatable, and are eminent for 
 creating an appetite, opening obftruc- 
 tions, and, if bathed in, are of good 
 cffedl in fcorbutic rheumatifms, ner- 
 vous diftempers, &c. The building 
 for the bath was creeled by George 
 E. of Shrew/bury. Mary C^of Scots 
 was here for fome time, and took 
 her leave of it in this diftich. 
 
 Buxtena qutf calidif cchbrabere no* 
 mine lympbte, 
 
 Forte mihi pojibac non adeunda : 
 
 Vak. 
 
 This place is 18 cm. and 23 mm. 
 from Manchefter. It ftands in an 
 open healthy country, has a variety 
 of fine views, and a beautiful down 
 to take the air in. Here is a hand- 
 fome large houfe for the reception of 
 Grangers, built by the D. of Devon. 
 The bath-water is exceeding clear, of 
 a blood-warm temper, and will ad- 
 mit 20 people at a time. The par- 
 ticular qualities of the waters are belt 
 defcribed by Dr. Leigh in his hiftory 
 of Lancafhire, and by Mr. Hobbes. 
 The pump here was given by Sir 
 Thomas Delves, who receiv'd a cure 
 here. The Roman road, call'd Bath- 
 gate, runs frcm hence 7 m. to Burgh. 
 
 BYFLEET, ( Surry, ) near Cob- 
 ham, with its park-houfe, formerly 
 bel. to the E. of St. Albans, who had 
 a mill on the New River, which runs 
 through the heath or common, and 
 bet. this mill and Newark-abby,a n&ble 
 brick-houfe,was begun byQ._Anne,but 
 finifiied by Sir James Fulierton. 
 
 BY GRAVE-HALL, (Hartf,] on 
 the Roman-way, call'd Ikening- 
 ftreet, I m. and a half N. W. of 
 Baldock. Its Ch. was formerly given 
 to the abby of St. Albans. Sir Wil- 
 liam Elrington enjoyed the manor in 
 the R. of Edw. III. It was after^ 
 wards fold to Sir John Thornbury, 
 and being from his family conveyed 
 to the crown, was granted by Hen. 
 VIII. to James Needham, who paid 
 to Edw. VI. 3 /. a year for it. Af- 
 ter the death of Needham, it was 
 fold to William Warren, whofe fon 
 built
 
 B Y 
 
 TO 
 
 C A 
 
 AXRLION, (Mtw.) iiacni. 
 
 and 141 mm. from London, lias a 
 wooden bndge over the Uik, where it 
 has a harbour for br.rjes. 'Twas 
 
 built the manor-houfe, and fold it to 
 
 Sir John Hevenir.gham of a SutFolit 
 
 family, whofe fon fold it to Francis 
 
 Cleaver of London 5 as did his fun. Sir >** -*~.w~. . v * v ...^^^. - .- ~. . 
 
 Charles (fo created in 1660) to James, merly the ijuarters of a Roman legion, 
 
 !:. of Salifbury j from whom it def- as the name fignifks ; had 3 noble 
 
 tended to the prefent E. 
 
 B Y N T o N,(Wd:-. )near Bitford, bel. 
 formerly to the abbey cf Eve/ham, r.nd 
 afterwards to the Wyncote's family, 
 one of whom in the R. of Hen. VIII. 
 fold the manor to Sir George Throck- 
 ;nc: ton, by v.hofe fon it paficd toWil- 
 liamWaiter j f: om u hcic heir it patted 
 to Mr. Ferrers, and afterwards to Mr, 
 Fedhaw. 
 
 C A 
 
 CADEURY, NORTH and SOUTH, 
 (Som.) bet. Queer-Camel and 
 Wmcaunton, were anciently the ma- 
 nors of the Courtneys, Moyles, and 
 Botreaux, and came by marriage to the 
 families of Hungerford and Haftings } 
 in the latter of which it continued to 
 the R. of K. Ja. I. when Sir Francis, 
 a fon of the E. of Huntington alienated 
 them. In North-Cadbury was for- 
 merly a chantry, and here ftands Ca- 
 male*:, vul-arly called Cadbury-Caftle, 
 fituated on the higheft ground in the 
 Co. 'Tis a noble fortification of the 
 Romans, which has a woody, but very 
 pleafant profpect, with hills here and 
 there that are fteep and lofty. Ro- 
 man coins have been found here and 
 hereabouts in great plenty. The en- 
 trance cff the cnftle is guarded with 
 fix or feven ditches ; in one of which 
 is a never failing fpring, calPJ K. Ar- 
 thur's weli. 
 
 CAER-CARODOCK,(5ir(5/>.)ahill 
 
 near the conflux of the Clun and 
 Temd, where are ftill feme veftigies 
 of the fortification creeled by the fa- 
 mous Britifh K. Caractacus, and gal- 
 lantly defended by him againft Ofto- 
 rius and the Roman legions, but at 
 lift he took it ; for which the fenatc 
 of Rome decreed him a triumph. 
 This is call'd in feme of our maps 
 C;adock-Hill. 
 
 Chs. an U. the lee of an A.Bp. (re- 
 moved afterwards toSt.David's) ; and 
 K. Arthur is faid to have kept his 
 court here. It was elegantly built by 
 the Romans with brick walls, about 
 3571. in compafs ; had fumptuous edi- 
 fices, befides baths ; and among other 
 antiquiues Roman bricks are often 
 dug up here. Here is a Mt. on Tb, 
 and Fairs on W, , before Rafter, May i^ 
 July 20, Sip!, ao. It is faid to have 
 extended .heretofore to St. Gilian;,, and 
 is fuppofed to have been a very ftrong 
 place in the R. of Hen. II. when it 
 defended itfelf a long time againil the 
 Englifli ; and, according to Giraldus, 
 it had then many footfteps of its an- 
 cient grandeur, but it is now become^ 
 a fmall inconfjderable T. 
 
 CAERVORRAN, (Nortbtimb.} on 
 the N. fide of the Pitts wall, is fup- 
 pofed to be the Glanoventa, where the 
 Romans placed a garrifon for defence 
 of the marfhes. Near this place the 
 wall was built higher and firmer thaa 
 elfewhere. On the defcent of a hill. 
 on the other fide of the wall over- 
 againft this T. is to be feen a draught 
 of a fquare Roman fort. 
 
 CAERWEKT, (Man.) 4m. S.W. 
 from Chepftow, is fuppofed to be the 
 Venta Silurum of Antoninus, from 
 the Roman coins and chequered pave- 
 ments found here, and its ruinous 
 walls. 
 
 CALDECOT, (Rutl.) on the b. of 
 Northamptonftiire near the Welland^ 
 has a Ch. which is achapelry to Ly- 
 dington, on whofe manor this village 
 has had a dependance ever fmce the 
 conqueft j and they both bel. to the 
 E. of Exeter. 
 
 CAI.DECOT, (War.} near Wed- 
 dington, bel. lately, if it does not rViJI, 
 to the Purefoys of Leicefterihire ; to 
 whofe anceftor it was granted by Hen. 
 VIII. There are fevcral fair mona - 
 ments of that family in its Ch. 
 
 CALEN-
 
 C A 
 
 C A 
 
 Cxr ENDO N.CAL c r. no v,orC-A t- 
 WEDON, (War."} originally a mem- 
 fcer of Coventry, in a mofi'y fituation 
 near a hill, was formerly the eftate of 
 the Segraves, the Mowbrays, the Ds. 
 ef Norfolk, and the Lds. Berkley ; 
 but it was fold in the R. of Ch. I. to 
 Thomas Morgan, of Wefton under 
 Wethely. 
 
 * CALNE, (Wilt*,) izm.W.of 
 Marlborough, 72 cm. and 88 mm. 
 from London, is a little, populous, 
 well-built T. on a ftony hill near a 
 fmall r. and was a palace of the Weft 
 Saxon Ks. 'Twas made a Bor. by 
 Richard, E. of Cornwall, confifting of 
 2 ftewards chofe yearly, and burgefTes 
 without limitation,and' has fent mem- 
 bers to Pt. ever fince the a6th of 
 Edw. I. Their chief mf. is cloth, 
 the Mt. on Ta. and Fairs Afnl 25, 
 July 2 1 . Here was anciently a men. 
 and now a ch. fc. In the year 977, 
 * fynod of the Lds. fpiritual and tem- 
 poral, and the priefts, was held here, 
 at which the K. was prefect, when the 
 whole timber frame of the room fell 
 down at once, by which many of the 
 priefts were woanded, and feveral kil- 
 led. In Nov. 1725 there was fuch a 
 hafty, heavy rain here, that the whole 
 T. was laid under water. The ma- 
 nor, prebend and parfonage of Calne, 
 are held by lea'es for feveral lives, from 
 the D. and C. of Sarum. Roman 
 coins have been often dug up here. 
 
 CALSHOT.CASTLE, (Harr.pjh.') 
 where is a garrifon at the entrance of 
 Southampton-Bay, oppolite to Cowes 
 in the We of Wight. 
 
 CALVERTON, (JVb/f.) on the S. 
 fide of Sherwood-Foreft, is certified in 
 domefday-book to be a hamlet of 
 Blidv.orth, and bel. formerly to the 
 Peverels, Butlers, and Villers ; and 
 the chapter of Southwell, to which the 
 reftory of its Ch. is appropriate, had 
 alfo a large /hare of it. 
 
 CAMALET-HILL, (Son.) near 
 Eaft -Camel is a fteep mountain, a m. 
 in compafs at the top, which has the 
 marks of a Roman camp, though the 
 people call it K. Arthur's palace. 
 
 CAMBRAY,OrCANBURY-HOL"SE 
 
 (Midd.} on the N.E. fide of Jflington, 
 was built in the R. of Hen. VIII. by 
 Boltcn, prior of St. Bartholomew's in 
 Smithfield, as appears by his device, 
 viz. the bolt and tun cut in freeftone 
 in feveral parts of the garden walls. 
 The houfe, which was for fome time 
 the refidence of Q._Eliz. and K. Ja.I, 
 is now divided into lodgings, which 
 are chiefly occupied by citizens of Lon- 
 don. The manor was given by Ralph 
 de Berners in the R. of Hen. III. to 
 the priory of St. Bartholomew. It 
 was fettled at the ref. upon Ld.Crom- 
 wel ; upon whofe attainder it was gi- 
 ven to the E. of Warwick in the R. 
 ofEdw. VI. and upon his attainder 
 the crown gave it to Sir John Spencer, 
 Kt. from whom by his daughter it 
 paffed to William, late E. of North- 
 ampton. 
 
 ^c CAMBR IDGI is fituate on the 
 banks of the Cam, which divides it 
 into two parts that are joined by a 
 ftone bridge, 44 cm. 52 mm. from 
 London. 'Twas known to the Ro- 
 mans by the name of Camboritum, 
 and was a nurfery of learning in the 
 earlieftdays ofChriftianity,at leaft 500 
 years before Oxford. It fuffered much 
 by the Danes,who kept a garrifon here 
 till Edw. the elder took it in 921, to 
 awe the rebellious monks of Ely. 
 Will, the Conq. built a caftle here ; 
 of which the gatehoufe ftill remains, 
 and is the Co. gaol. Roger dc Mont- 
 gomery deftroyed the T. with fire and 
 fword,' to be revenged on K. Wm. 
 Rufus ; but K. Hen. I. to repair its 
 damages, granted it many privileges. 
 It was often plundered in the Baron's 
 wars by the outlaws from the Ifie of 
 Ely, 'till Hen. III. fecured it by a deep 
 ditch on the E. fide of it, which ftill 
 goes by the name of the king's ditch. 
 Wat Tyler and Jack Strav.-, in their 
 rebellion againft K. Rich. II. burnt 
 the U. records in the Mt. place. 
 The Jews being encouraged to come 
 over by the Ks. Will. I. and II. were 
 very populous here for feveral genera- 
 tions. They inhabited all that part 
 of
 
 C A 
 
 C A 
 
 of it, now called the Jewry ; and the 
 round Ch. is thought to have been 
 their fynagogue. In 1 388 K. Ric.II. 
 'held a'Pt. here. This T. has given 
 title of E. to feveral of the royal fa- 
 mily, as it did that of D. to his prefent 
 Majefty, when Pr. of Wales. 'Tis 
 governed by a mayor, high-fteward, 
 recorder, and 13 a!d. z/j-C.C. a town- 
 clerk, &c . It has 14 p. Chs. but is a 
 dirty ill-built place. It's greateft glory 
 is its U. not infericr to any in chrit- 
 tendom. It confifls of iz colleges,and 
 4 halls which have the fame privileges 
 as the colleges ; has 406 fellowlhips, 
 and 6&2fchclarffiips,with 236 exhibiti- 
 ons j and the whole bodyoftheU. which 
 is commonly about 1500, enjoys very 
 great privileges granted by feveral Ks. 
 but it was K. Ja.I. who impowered it 
 to fend two members tQ Pt. as the T. 
 had done from the firft. The U. is 
 governed, i. By a chancellor, who is 
 always fome nobleman, and may b ; 
 changed every three years, or conti- 
 nued longer by the tacit content of the 
 U. 2. By a high-fteward, chofe by 
 the fenate, and holding his place by 
 patent from the U. 3. By a vice- 
 chancellor, who is the head of fome 
 college or hall, and chofe yearly on 
 the 3d of Ntv. by the body of the U. 
 the heads of the colleges naming two 
 perfons. 4. By z proctors, chofe every 
 year, according to the cycle of colle- 
 ges and halls ; as are alfo z taxers,who 
 with the prolors regulate the weights 
 and meafures, as clerks of the Mt. 
 The prodlors alfo infpect the behavi- 
 our of the fcholars, who muft not be 
 cut of their colleges after 9 at night. 
 The library of the U. was augmented 
 with 30000 volumes, the books of Dr. 
 Moor, Bp. of Ely, a prefent from K. 
 Ceo. I. who gave 7000 /. for them ; 
 and a fine marble ftatue of that Great 
 Prince was creeled in the fenate-hall 
 of King's-college in 1739, by the de- 
 cree of the U. but at the expence of 
 Charles, the late Vif. Townfliend. In 
 I7Z4 his late Majefty alfo eftablifhed a 
 profeflcr of modern hiftory and mo- 
 dern languages in this U, with a falary 
 
 of 400 I. for himfelf and two perions 
 under him qualified to inftrudl in that 
 branch, 20 fcholars to be nominated 
 by the K. each of which is obliged to 
 karn two at Icaft of the languages. 
 Dr. Woodward, a profeffor at Grefham 
 college, London (who died in 1728) 
 left a fum of money to this U. for 
 creeling a profeiTorfhip for natural 
 philofophy, with a provision of 150 /. 
 a year for ever. Dr.-Addenbroke alfo 
 left it 4000 /. towards building and 
 furnilhing a hof. for the cure of poor 
 djfeafed people gratis : of which cha- 
 rity the mafter and fellows of Cathe- 
 rine-hall are truftees. A fellowfhip 
 was lately founded at Magdalen-col- 
 lege, appropriated to the gentlemen of 
 Norfolk, and called ' the Travelling 
 ' Norfolk Fcilowfhip' ; and, it is ob- 
 ferved, that as all the libraries in Ox- 
 ford are ' Audying libraries, 1 thofe at 
 Cambridge, excepting that of King's- 
 college, are ' lending libraries' ; be- 
 caufe any perfon qualified may borrow 
 out of them what book he wants. 
 There are ch. fcs. here for teaching 
 above 300 children (of whom 50 are 
 cloathed) which are maintained by 
 fubfcription of 2307. a year; by an ef- 
 tate of 30 /. a year left them for ever 
 hy Mr. William Wortes, and by the 
 facrament money given by fome of the 
 colleges, which have each their chapel 
 for wor/hip, though the publick fer- 
 mons are preached at St. Mary's. 
 Ch. King's-ccllege-chapcl here is 
 reckoned the fineft in the world, and 
 ftrikes the fpedlators with a fort of 
 awe and veneration. 'Tis 304 foot 
 Jong, 73 broad, and 94 high to the 
 battlements, without one pillar to fup- 
 port it. Its choir was adorned with 
 K. Hen. VIII. with the fineft carved 
 work ever fcen ; and the intire build- 
 ing, roof, and all, is of freeftone. K. 
 Hen. IV. granted this U. a power to 
 print all books of any kind within it- 
 felf, a privilege which Oxford then 
 had not. Hobfon, a noted carrier in 
 the R. of K. Ja. I. who got a great 
 eftate both by driving and feeding cat- 
 tle, not only relieved the poor of this
 
 C A 
 
 C A 
 
 T. but built a publick conduit in the 
 Mi-place. The Mt. is S. and the 
 Fairs June z$ for a week, and Aug. 
 1 5. In pursuance of the v^ill of the 
 abovementioned Mr. Wortes, a fine 
 rend is cumplcated, of about 4 m. in 
 length from this T. to Gogmagog- 
 hills ; and adjoining to the town-hall, ' 
 a new fhire-houfe was lately buik at 
 the expence of the Co. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE, (Gloc.} near Berk- 
 ley, ftands on the r. Cam that fails 
 into the Severn, and is a hamlet to 
 Slimbridge,where fome lands,that had 
 been given to a chantry, were in the 
 R. of K. Ja. I. granted to Sir Oliver 
 Cromwell. 
 
 CAMEL-QUEEN'S, or QUEEN- 
 CAMEL, (Scm.) bet. Ikhefler and 
 Wincanton, was with its park given 
 by the crown to William de Monta- 
 cute. 
 
 :fc CAMEi,FORD,(Cer.)i84cm. 
 and 250 mm. from London, ftands 
 near the r. Camel, alias Alan, is go- 
 verned by a mayor and 8 aid. a recor- 
 der and town-clerk, and has for its 
 arms a camel pafiing over a ford. It 
 was here that K. Arthur, born not 
 far oft", was mortally wounded by his 
 nephew Mordred, who was killed on 
 the fpot. A bloody battle is alfc faid 
 to have been fought here in 823, bet. 
 the Saxons and Britons. It was crea- 
 ted 3 free bor. by Richard, E. of Corn- 
 wsl, K. of the Romans, who granted 
 it the Mt. en F. and a Fair on the 
 eve, day and morrow of St. Sivitbin. 
 It began to fend members to Ft. in the 
 6th of the R. of Edw. VI. The ma- 
 nor has been anciently held of the 
 duchy of Cornwal ; but the T. which 
 is Yery fmall, bel. to the p. of Lante- 
 ftos, about i m. off. Its charter of 
 incorporation is faid to have been 
 jrrnnted by Ch. I. Its Fairs arc on the 
 firft Fr. after the loth of March, and 
 en May \ 5, July 7, and Aug. 26. 
 
 f^ 3 CAMP DEN, (Gloc.) on the 
 edge of Worcefterfnire, under the fide 
 f hills, 71 cm. 87mm. from Lon- 
 don,is famous for the mf. cf frockings. 
 All tiie Saxon Kgs, we faid to have 
 
 held a congrefs here in 6~o, 
 about war and peace with the Britons. 
 It was incorporated by K. Ja. I. and 
 is governed by a bailiffs, 1 2 burgefies, 
 and a fteward. Its Mt. is W. and its 
 Fairs A/h-Wed. Afri/z^, July 25, 
 and Nov. 30. The benefit of the two 
 firft bel. to the T. and that of the 
 ctheis to the Id. of the manor. The 
 p. is 10 m. incompafs,andtheCh. has 
 as fine marble monuments, as moft in 
 England 5 of which the moft furr.ptu- 
 ous, fupported by 12 pillars, is for Sir 
 Baptift Hicks, Vifc. Campden, who 
 gave 10,000 /. in his life-time tc cha- 
 ritable ufes, and was a great benefactor 
 to theT. by erecting an alms-ho. for 6 
 poor men, and 6 women, at 3 s. and $d. 
 a week, befidcs coals ; and rebuilding 
 the Mt.-place, &V. he having bought 
 t!,c manor of the pofterity of Sir Tho. 
 Smith, to whom it had been granted 
 by Q._F.liz. He dyins without iflue- 
 male, the honour went to Ld. Noel, 
 who married his eldeft daughter ; and 
 his pofterity were afterwards created 
 Es. of Gainfborough, with the title of 
 Vifc. Campden. Here are 2 ch. fcs. 
 one founded by James Thynne, Efq; 
 who gave looo/. where 30 girls are 
 cloathed, and taught to read, knit 
 and fpin ; and there is another ch. fc. 
 for teaching 24 poor children to read. 
 Mr. JohnFereby alto founded a gram- 
 mar fc. and endowed it with 60 /. a 
 year for the mafter and ufher. In 
 fine, there are few, if any, country 
 parishes have better provlfion for the 
 poor. Here are forr.e remains of the 
 noble houfe built by the above- men- 
 tioned Sir Baptift Hicks, which the 
 royalifts burnt down in the civil wars, 
 that it might not be a garrifon for the 
 Pt. Here was formerly a chantry. 
 
 CANEWDON, (EJJ'ex,} on the S. 
 fide of the r. Crouch near Walfieet, is 
 a large p. which was anciently termed 
 Canuti Domui, becaufe Canute, the 
 Dane, kept his court here ; and the 
 manor-houfc has been double trenched 
 and fenced after the eld faihicn. 
 
 CANFIELD Mugna, (EJ/'cx,") near 
 
 Dunmow, had a caftle in the time of 
 
 3 Will,
 
 C A 
 
 C A 
 
 Will, the Conq. Ever fince the R. 
 of Edw. VI. it has been the Lp. of 
 the anceftors of Sir Tho. Wifeman, 
 Bt. who have rcfided in the manor- 
 houfe called Canfield-Hall. 
 
 CANFIELD Par-va, (EJfex) near 
 Dunmow, has 2 ancient fortifications 
 defended by deep ditches ; one of which 
 is to this day called Caftle-yard. 
 
 CANK or CANNOCK, (Staff".) 
 with its Foreft, on the S. fide of 
 the Trent, near Penkridge, was, 
 with other eftates, pafs'd over to Ld. 
 Paget, by one of the Bps. of Coven- 
 try, in exchange for certain impro- 
 priations. Here is a certain iron ore 
 called Cannock ftone ; the workmen 
 call it the yellow fhare; which, if 
 worked into iron bars, will, when 
 'tis ufed to make any thing, run all 
 into dirt, and is good for nothing. 
 The village Cank is near 3 m. S. of 
 the wood. 
 
 CANLEY, (War-iu.) a hamlet of 
 Stoneley, to \vhofe Mon. it once bel. 
 but, after the Ref. it \ver.t, by pur- 
 chafe, to Sir Tho. Leigh, whofe great 
 grandfon held it in 1640. 
 
 CANNINGTON, (Som.) am. from 
 Bridgewater, in a country which, e- 
 fpecially in the winter, is extremely 
 wet and fenny ; and is fuppofed to 
 have been that of the ancient Cangi. 
 K. Ch. II. gave this manor to the 
 Ld. Clifford of Chudleigh. Here was 
 once a nunnery. 
 
 CANNONS-LEIGH, (Dxjsn.} bet. 
 Tiverton and Wellington, where was 
 formerly a nunnery, came to Sir John 
 St. Leger, Knt. by exchange with K. 
 Hen. VIII. .and fince to the family 
 of Culme. 
 
 CANNONS, (Surry) in the p. of 
 Banfted, the manor-houfe of which 
 was formerly a cell to the priory of 
 St. Mary Overys. Near it is a well 
 60 fathom deep ; and one quarter of a 
 m. from it a gate called Can or Can- 
 nons-Hatch. 
 
 ^e CANTERBURY, (Kent) the 
 metropolitan fee of England, and a 
 city and county of itfelf, 43 cm. and 
 56 mra, from London, which is faid 
 
 to have been built 900 years before 
 the birth of Chrift ; but that the 
 Romans were here near 50 years be- 
 fore it, appears pretty certain, from 
 Antoninus's itinerary, from the Ro- 
 man coins dug up in it, from the re- 
 mains of a military way, and from 
 the great Roman caufeys leading 
 from hence to Dover and Lymme. 
 Vortiger K. of the Britons refided 
 here after the Romans, and yielded 
 it to the Saxons. 'Tis govern' d by 
 a mayor, recorder, fheriftj 12 aid. 
 24 c. c. &c. The cathedral, which 
 was partly built by Lucius, the firfl 
 Chriftian K. of the Britons, and 
 which Auguftin confecrated by ths 
 name of Chrift-Church, was rifled 
 and burnt in ion, together with, 
 the reft of the city, by the Danes. 
 K. Canute indeed caufed it to be re- 
 paired, and prefented his crown of 
 gold to it : but, in 1043, it wai 
 again much defaced by fire j upoa 
 which Lanfranc the Abp. pull'd it 
 all down, rebuilt it, together with, 
 the palace and Mon. and the Ch. 
 was new dedicated by the name cf 
 the Holy-Trinity ; but in the R. of 
 Hen. I. it was dedicated again, in 
 prefence of the K. and Q^ and of 
 David K. of Scots, and many of the 
 Bps. and nobility of both realms, by 
 the name of Chrift-Church. In 1174 
 it was again deftroy'd by fire ; but 
 was begun to be rebuilt in the R. of 
 K. Stephen, though not compleated 
 till that of Hen. V. Before the Ref. 
 it had 37 altars. Its middle tower is 
 235 feet in height. Seven Kgs. are 
 interr'd in this Ch. particularly 
 Hen. IV. Edw. the Black Prince, 
 and other princes, cardinals, &c. and 
 7 Abps. lie in one vault. There is 
 an afcent from the choir to the cha- 
 pel of Becket, who was murdered 
 here ; to whofe fhrine fuch rich of- 
 ferings were formerly made, by pil- 
 grims and other votaries, for feveral 
 ages, that Erafmus, who faw it, 
 fays, " the chapel (hone all over with 
 " rare and very large jewels ;" and 
 Dugdale obferves, that, at the Ref. 
 K ' the
 
 C A 
 
 C A 
 
 'hS plate and jewels bel. to this chiefly of 4 ftreets, which centre * 
 ' -mb filled 2 great chefts, each of St. Andrew's Ch. and is about 3 m. 
 v fich required 8 men to remove it. in circumference. Its Mt. is W. and 
 Under the cathedral is a large Ch. S. and its Fairs on T. in Wbitfin- 
 for foreign proteftants, given at firft Week, July 7 and 27, Sept. 21, 
 by Q^Eliz. to the Walloons, who Dec. 29. each for 9 days. The 
 fled hither from the perfecution in Corp. affairs are tranfacled in rooms 
 the Netherlands, and fince frequented over the Mt.-houfe. The r. Stour 
 by numbers of proteftants, who, for runs through the city ; and here is a 
 the fame reafon, came over from printing-prefs, from whence comes a 
 France in the R. of Lewis XIV. fo news-paper every W. and S. The 
 that 'tis reckon'd here are 2 or 3000 Jews dwelt here once, in a ftreet 
 French proteftants, men, women and called to this day Jewry-lane, 
 children. Thole allowed to fettle CANTERWOOD, (Kent) a manor 
 here by Q._ Eliz. brought over the in the p. of Elham, which, from the 
 art of weaving broad filks ; which is family of Garwinton, pafs'd through 
 a Mt". fo much improved, that great thofe of Hunt, Hales and Marwood, 
 quantities are fent to London. A- to Lewknor. 
 
 mong the ruins of Roman and Saxon CANVEY IJl?, (Ejftx} againft the 
 buildings, and of many religious Hope, is about 5 m. in length from . 
 houfes here, are the walls of a cha- Hole-Haven to Leigh. 'Tis often 
 pel, faid to have been a Chriftian overflow'd by the Thames, (which 
 temple before St. Auguftin, and by is here 2 m. over) except the hilly 
 him again confecrated to St. Pancras; part, to which the Iheep, that are 
 and near it a little room, faid to fed here in great numbers, at fuch 
 have been K. Ethelbert's chape!, times retire. Pi-.rt of this ilhnd bel. 
 while a pagan, in which the vulgar to Weftminfter-abbey. 
 fancy are the marks of the devil's CAPEL'S-COURT, ( Kent } near 
 claws. On the S. fide of the city, Ivy-Church in Romney-Marfh, was 
 at Dungeon-Hill, are the ruins of a anciently the feat of the Capels, from 
 cr.ftle, faid to have been built by whom it pafs'd, by the heirefs in 
 Will, the Conq. The city had once marriage, to Harlackenden, and from 
 an exchange, a mint, ftrong walls his family it came, in the fame man- 
 with many towers, a deep ditch, and ner, to the Hales of Tunftall. 
 within it a great rampart. .The two CAPEL, (Kent) on the S. E. fide 
 gates of St. Auguftin's Mon. next of Tunbridge, having been fuccef- 
 the T. are ftill remaining, and are fively the eftate of Rokefley, Poyn- 
 very ftately. About this city are fe- ings, and Ld. Clinton ; the latter 
 jrcral thoufand acres of hop-grounds ; fold it to Herdfon, who gave it to 
 and the place is as famous as Shrewf- Dixwell. 
 
 bury for excellent collars of brawn. CAPEL, (S:<rry) the next p. to 
 Here are 6 wards, denominated from Darking, on the b. of Sufiex, where 
 its 6 gates, 1 5 p. chs. a F. S. called it is recorded, that in the R. of 
 the King's-fchool, 3 others for 58 Q._Eliz. part of a mountain in the 
 boys and 66 girls, and 7 Hof. one of mofles of one Tho. Conftable, being 
 which, called Bridewell, is a houfe divided from the other part, moved 
 for correction, and alfo for the en- down' to the very b. of the farm, 
 tertainment of poor townfmen's boys, leaving the lands over which it pafs'd 
 At the W. gate is a gaol for crimi- full of hills and holes, 
 nals 5 and there is a gallows in the CARANTOCK, (Corn.) on the fea 
 Mt. place, called IVincbcap, becaufe coaft, to the N. W. of Columb Mag- 
 wines were there fold. Here is a na, is a chapel annexed to Padftow, 
 fumptuous conduit, which was erected and had once a Mon. 
 fcy Abp, Abbot. The city confifte CA-
 
 C A 
 
 C A 
 
 CARCALSTON, or COLSTOW, 
 (Nort.) on the N. fide of Bingham, 
 having been the eftate of the Luve- 
 tots and Thorotons, came to the Ar- 
 nolds and Binghams, and at length 
 fettled in the Whalleys for many 
 generations, and was, not many years 
 ago, fold, by a decree in chancery, to 
 the Rev. Mr. Tho. Hall, who mar- 
 ried the heirefs of the Whalleys. A 
 fofTe-way palTes thro' this place to 
 Eaft-Bridford ; here having been a 
 Roman ftation in a part of the Lp. 
 called Oldwark. The parfonage and 
 great tythes bel. to the D. of New- 
 caftle. 
 
 CARESBROOK-CASTLE, (Ijle of 
 Wight] on the S. fide of Newport, 
 the feat of the governor of the ifland, 
 was built by the Saxons, and had 
 once a Mon. K. Ch. I. was a pri- 
 foner here 13 months. Here is a 
 well that fupplies the caftle with 
 water, which is no Jefs than 72 yards 
 deep ; and the water is drawn up by 
 a large wheel, turned by an afs as a 
 fpit is by a dog. There was one in 
 3747 that had been 40 years in that 
 fervice. 
 
 CARES WALL, (Staff.) on the 
 W. fide of Cheadle, was in pofief- 
 fion oF a family of that name, from 
 Rich. I. to Edw. III. when it pafs'd 
 to the Montgomerys, and from them 
 by the Giffards and Ports to the 
 Haftings Earls of Huntingdon. Here 
 was a caftle, fold to Matth. Cradock, 
 in whofe pofterity it was in 1655, 
 but afterwards went to Capt. Packer. 
 %. CARLISLE, (Cumb.) 55 cm. 
 and 80 mm. from Berwick, and 235 
 cm. and 301 mm. from London, an 
 ancient city, faid to have been found- 
 ed by Luil, a petty K. of the Co. 
 long before the Romans came, who 
 had a ftation here ; but after their 
 departure it was ruin'd by the Ca- 
 ledonians, &c. In 680, Egfrid, 
 K. of Northumberland, rebuilt and 
 wall'd it round. It was again fo 
 flutter' d by the Danes and Norwe- 
 gians, in the 8th and gth centuries, 
 that it lay in ruins for about zco 
 
 years, till Will. Rufus ordVd th 
 wall and caftle to be repaired. K. 
 Hen. I. augmented its fortifications, 
 and made it" the fee of a Bp. 'Twa 
 often befieged by the Scots, who 
 took it in the R. of K. Stephen, and 
 again in the R. of K. John ; but 
 their fucccilbrs, Hen. II. and III. 
 recover'd it. In 1292, it was burnt 
 down, together with the cathedral 
 and fuburbs, to the number of 1 300 
 houfes. It has been a bor. fo long 
 ago as the R. of Rich. I. K.Edw. I. 
 held a Pt. here. K. Edw. II. granted 
 to the city the royalty of Eden- water, 
 in fee-farm at 80 /. a year, with li- 
 berty to build on the wafte, and ex- 
 emption from toll. It had charters 
 from feveral fucceeding Ks. by feme 
 of which they are freed from that 
 rent ; and the fifhery in the r. with 
 large commons of pafture, right of 
 Fairs and Mts. with the manor, &c. 
 are vefted in the Corp. Its walls 
 and caftle were well repaired by 
 Rich. Ill ; and Hen. VIII. built a 
 ftrong citadel. It firft fent burgefies 
 to Pt. in the z^d of Edw. I. and 
 its prefent charter is faid >to have 
 been granted the 1 3th of Ch. I. It 
 was taken by the rebels in 1745, and 
 retaken foon after by his R. H. the 
 D. of Cumberland. 
 
 This city is fituate bet. the conflux 
 of 3 fine rs. abounding with fifh, 
 vix. the Eden on the N. over which 
 it has a bridge that is but 6 m. from 
 Scotland, the Petteril on the E. and 
 the Caude on the W. 'Tis a fea- 
 port, though without fliips or mer- 
 chants, and is the key of England on 
 the W. fea, which is here called the 
 Solway-Frith, as Berwick on Tweed 
 is upon the E. fea. 'Tis a wealthy 
 populous place, with well-built houfes, 
 and 3 gates in the walls, which are 
 about i m. in com. and broad enough 
 for 3 men to walk on them a-breafr. 
 The revenues of the city are about 
 500 /. a year, and the Inh. of the 
 city and fuburbs about 2000. Jt 
 trades chiefly in fuftians ; is govern'd 
 by a mayor, 12 aid. 24 c. c. a fhe- 
 K a riff.
 
 C A 
 
 C A 
 
 tiff, 2 bailiffs, &c. and the aflizes 
 and fefiions are moft commonly held 
 .here. Its Mt. is on W. and S. and 
 Fairs on W. before Eajler, the firft 
 7f. in June, Aug. 15, and -SV/f. 8. 
 Jt has but 2 p. chs. one of which 
 irands in the body of the cathedral, 
 which is in the middle of the city, 
 inclofed by a wall. The W. part of 
 the cathedral fuffered much during 
 the civil wars, when the city was 
 Lefieged. This city formerly gave 
 tide of Earl to feme of the royal 
 family, as it has done to the Howard 
 family ever fince the reftoration of 
 Cha. II. The P^s wall begins juft 
 fcelow the T. and crofies this part of 
 the ifland to Newcaftle upon Tine. 
 Here was formerly a Mon. 
 
 CAR LET ON, (Norf.) called alfo 
 laft-Carleton , or Carleton-Rode, 
 from Walter de Rede, who was Ld. 
 of it in the R. of Hen. III. lies on 
 the N. E. fide of Old and New BUC- 
 kenham. The T. of Yarmouth be- 
 ing obliged to furnifh the K. with 
 3 co herring pyes, as foon as they 
 come in feafon, fends them by the 
 Aeriffs of Norwich, to the Ld. of 
 this manor, who, by the tenure, 
 muft carry them to the K. Mr. 
 Peter Clayton was the Ld. of it not 
 many years ago. 
 
 CAR LET ON, (AVf.) 4m. S. W. 
 f BJith, on the b. of Yorkfhire, is 
 called Carleton in Linderic. It bel. 
 formerly to the Latimers and Fitz- 
 Jiughs j from whom it came to the 
 Ld. Dacres, Molineuxes ; and in the 
 R. of Cha. II. was purchafed by Ma- 
 jor Taylor, who was feme time fu- 
 perintendant of the Mole at Tangier. 
 Sir G:rvaie Clifton, Bt. has a fine 
 feat here. 
 
 CARLETON (Nat.} in the p. of 
 Stoke-Bardolph, near Nottingham, 
 <tefcended from the Bardolphs family 
 to Sir Will. Phelips, and from him 
 to Vifc. Beaumont ; but was forfeited 
 by the rebellion of his grandfon, 
 Francis Lovel, againft K. Hen. VII. 
 Yet K. Hen. VIII. granted it to his 
 nephew, Hen. Norris, Jt being by 
 
 him alfo forfeited by attainder, h 
 was granted to Lady Anne Stanhope, 
 great grandmother to the firft Earl of 
 Chefterfield, \vhofe pofterity did very 
 lately, if they do not ftill, enjoy ir. 
 The Everinghams family had once \ 
 confiderable fhare of this village. 
 
 CARLTON, (York. W. R.) near 
 Drax and Snath, formerly the Lp. of 
 the Meinils, and held of the Abp. of 
 Canterbury, by the tenure of ferving 
 him with the cup en the day of his 
 inthronization, for which he received 
 the fees. 
 
 CARLTON-CURLZW (Lcic.} feat 
 of Sir Geoffery Palmer, Et. to th 
 W. of Hallaton, fo called from itt 
 antient Lds. the Curlews. 
 
 CARLTON Pari-a, or SOUTII- 
 CARLTON, (Nctt.} a hamlet of S. 
 Mufchamp, or Mufccmb, bel, to St. 
 Mary's Ch. at Southwell, and the 
 fee is in the Abps. of York. The 
 Mufchamp family had anciently larg 
 pofiefiions in this village ; and it was 
 alfo the feat of the Mar/hals, who 
 fold their inheritance to Sir Will, 
 Willoughby, Bt. 
 
 CARLTON UPON TRENT, (Nott.) 
 in the midway bet. Newark and Tux- 
 ford, is a townfhip bel. to Norwell, 
 Befthorp, Laxton, and other ps. It 
 was formerly the manor of the 
 Crumbvvells, one of whom, in the 
 R. of Edw. III. obtain'd a Mt. and 
 Fair here, long fince difufed. 
 
 CARSHALTON, ( Surry ) on the 
 S. W. fide of Croydon, near Banfted- 
 Downs, lies among many fprings, 
 which, joining others from Croydon 
 and Beddington, form a r. in the 
 very frreet, called Wandel. The Jate 
 Dr. Rao'cliff built a fine houfe here, 
 which bel. to Sir John Fellows, fub- 
 governor of the S. Sea company, who 
 added gardens to it, with fine water- 
 works, but was purchafed by Ld. 
 Hardwick, Ld. H. Chancellor, who 
 fold it to the late Will. Mitchel, of 
 Huntingdon, Efq; whole family now 
 poffefs it. Mr. Scawen lately began 
 a magnificent feat here, where, be- 
 fides a cafcade, is an orangery, and a 
 grotto,
 
 C A 
 
 grotto, thought inferior to none in 
 England. 
 
 03* CARTMEL, (Lane.) near the 
 Kent-Sands, 192 m. from London, 
 lies among the hills call'd Cartmel- 
 Fells, has a haibour for boats, a 
 good Mt. en M. for corn, fheep and 
 fifli, a Ch. built in form of a cathed- 
 ra], and had formerly a priory. 
 
 CASHIOBURV, (Htrtf.) in the 
 p. of Watford, 1 6 m. N. of London, 
 is faid to have been the feat of the 
 Mercian Ks. in the Saxon heptarchy, 
 till K. OrFa gave it to the Mon. of 
 St. Alban's; but, at the Ref. K. 
 Hen. VIII. convey'd it to Rich. Mor- 
 rifon, Efq; who began to build a 
 noble houfe here ; but being forced 
 to fly from the perfecution of Q-_ 
 Mary, left it to his fon (afterwards 
 Sir Charles) to finifli it ; from whofe 
 fon, of the fame name, it pafs'd, by 
 his only daughter, in marriage, to 
 Arthur Ld. Capel, Baron of Had- 
 ham ; from whom it came, by inhe- 
 ritance, to be the manor of the Earls 
 of Eflex, who have a beautiful feat 
 here, built in form of an H, within 
 a large park, through which runs a 
 trout-ftream. On the N. and E. fides 
 of the houfe are large wood walks, 
 that were planted by Le Notre in the 
 R. of Cha. II. but the chief walks 
 are planted with lime-trees. 
 
 CASTERTON-BRIG, ( Rutl. ) fo 
 called from its bridge over the Guafli 
 or Wafh here, 2 m. beyond Stam- 
 ford, in the road to York, is fup- 
 pofed to have been one of the Ro- 
 man ftations, from their coins often 
 dug up here. In the R. of Edw. II. 
 the manor bel. to Ld. de la War, and 
 in that of Hen. VI. to Ld. Scrope of 
 Bolton. In that of Hen. VIII. it 
 was the eftate of John Ld. Hufley, 
 by whofe execution it was forfeited 
 to the crown. 'Tis alfo called Great 
 Cafterton, to diftinguiih it from the 
 next p. viz. 
 
 CASTERTON Parva y which, in 
 the R. of Edw. II. bel. to the abbey 
 of Newfted, upon whofe Difl". it came 
 o the crown, afld was held of it in 
 
 C A 
 
 the R. of Edw. VI. by Fr. Brown, 
 
 Efq; 
 
 CASTLE-ACRE, (Norf.} 4m. 
 N. W. of Swaf ham, had anciently 
 a caftle in a field near a rivulet, 
 which was the refidence of the Earls 
 of Warren, of whom John the hft 
 Earl gave it to K, Edw. II. but 
 Edw. III. granted it to that Earl's 
 nephew, Fitz-Alan Earl of Arundel, 
 in whofe family it continued till the 
 R. of Q._Eliz. when Hen. the then. 
 Earl fold it to Sir Tho. Grefliam, 
 who alfo bought the priory here of 
 the D. of Norfolk, to whom it had 
 been granted by Hen. VIH. 'Tis 
 now, or was lately, in the poffeffion 
 of the Cokes of Kolkham. 
 
 CASTLE-CAMPS, (Camb.") on 
 the E. fide of Linton, and the very 
 b. of Eflex, was anciently the feat 
 of the Veres Earls of Oxford, who 
 had it by grant of K. Hen. I. as Ld. 
 great chamberlains of England. 
 
 3= CASTLI-CARZY, ( Som. ) 
 3 m. from Wincanton, 96 cm, and 
 125 mm. from London, had a caftle, 
 which Will. Lovel its Ld. held out 
 for the Emprefs Maud, againft K. 
 Stephen. It afterwards came, by 
 the family of St. Maur, into that 
 of Ld. Zouch, one of whofe defen- 
 dants having forfeited it by rebellion 
 againft K. Hen. VII. he gave the 
 caftle to Robert Willoughby Ld. 
 Brook. Here is a Mt. on T. and 
 Fairs on the T. before Palm-Sunday, 
 and May 1. Here is a mineral water, 
 of the fame kind as that of Epfom. 
 
 CASTLECOMB, (Wilts) between 
 Chippenham, and Badminton inGlou- 
 cefterfhire, is faid to have formerly 
 had a Mt. on M. which has been 
 long difufed, and a Fair on the 22d, 
 23d and 24th of April, which is ftill 
 continued. It was once called Comb 
 only, but one of the Dunftanvills, its 
 ancient Lds, having made his manfion- 
 houfe a caftle, it was called Caftle- 
 comb, to diftinguifh it from Comb- 
 Baflet. It was afterwards fold to 
 Barth. Ld. Badlefmere, upon whofe 
 execution for rebellion, it was feized
 
 C A 
 
 C A 
 
 fcy K. Edw, II. and given to one of 
 the Spenfers, his favourites ; but was 
 loon after reftored to his family by 
 Edw. III. and, by marriage, came to 
 John Tibetot, who accompanied that 
 King in his wars in Flanders and 
 France. In Camden's time it bel. to 
 ths Scroops. The Roman fcfte-way 
 goes through this place, from Eb- 
 dov/n towards Slaughterford. 
 
 CA s T L E-FoR T H or FOE D, (Tork. 
 W. R.) near the conflux of the Are 
 and Calder, by Pcntefraft, of which 
 it was the mother. There are many 
 remarkable remains of its antiquity, 
 particularly Roman coins, whereof 
 great numbers have been dug up here, 
 called by the people Saraccr.s heads. 
 Jt ftands upon the Roman way that 
 comes from Doncafter, and leads to 
 Aberforth, and is ftiled by Hoveden 
 a city. The Calder was made navi- 
 gable from hence to Wakefield, in 
 1698. 
 
 ^c CASTLERJSING, (Norf.} 3 m. 
 from Lynn, and 78 cm. 97 mm. from 
 .London, is an ancient Bor. by pre- 
 fcription, and was a confiderable place 
 till its -harbour was choaked up with 
 fands, having had 2 weekly Mts. and 
 5 yearly Fairs, now oifufed ; and, 
 .tho' there are fcarce 10 families in it, 
 'tis governed by a mayor, 12 aid. &c. 
 and fends two members to Pt. It 
 has its name from its fituation on a 
 hill, with a caftle by it. Here is a 
 park, and a large chace, with the 
 privileges of a foreft. Here is an hof. 
 for 12 poor men, and an Aim. for 
 24 poor widows, both founded by the 
 Howard's family 5 and it gives the 
 title of Baron to the D. of Norfolk, 
 who is Ld. of the manor. There are 
 many marks of Roman, Saxon and 
 Danifti antiquities in and about this T. 
 
 CASTLETON, (Derby. ) near 
 Pooi's-Hole, or that called the De. 
 vil's-Arfe , in the High-Peak, 6m. 
 from Buxtcn. and 9 from Chatf- 
 vvorth, takes its name from an old 
 csftle adjoining to it, on a fteep rock, 
 to which there is but one afcent, 
 aad that fo full of windings, that 'tis 
 
 B m. to the top. It formerly be!, ta 
 the Peverels. K. Edw. III. gave it 
 to his fon John D. of Lancafter. In 
 the neighbourhood are lead mines. 
 
 CASTLETON, (Oxf.~) on the b. 
 of Gloucefterfhire, near the Even- 
 lode, a ftrcam that flows from the 
 Cotefwold, and runs into the Ifis. 
 
 ti^ 3 CASTON, or CAWSTON, 
 (Norf.) 9 m. from Norwich, 97 cm. 
 128 mm. from London, has a bridge 
 over the Bure, a Mt. on Ta. and 
 Fair Ofi. i. A brazen hand is carried 
 here before the fteward-of the manor, 
 inftead of a mace. 
 
 fc^ CASTOR, ( Line . ) 120 m. 
 from London, being built by Hengift, 
 on a traft of ground which he en- 
 compaffed with an ox's hide cut into 
 thcr.gs, purfuant to a grant of Vor- 
 tigern ; was therefore by the Saxons 
 called Thuang-Caftor, ;'. e. Thong- 
 Caftle. The Mt. is on M. and Fair 
 Off. i. It ftands bet. Binbrook and 
 Glanford-Bridge. 
 
 CASTOR, (Nortban:f.} 3 m. from 
 Peterborough, and i from the r. 
 Nyne, is fuppofed, from the che- 
 quered pavements found here, toge- 
 ther with Roman copper coins, urns, 
 CSV. to have been part of the ancient 
 city called by the Romans Duro- 
 brivae, and by the Saxons Dorman- 
 chefter. The Roman highway, called 
 Erming-ftreet, gees from hence to 
 Lincoln/hire. ItsCh. which appears 
 to have been confecrated in 1174, 
 ftands on a hill where the caflle 
 flood, which was the feat of the Ro- 
 man governor. The manor bel. to 
 the D. and C. of Peterborough ; and 
 near it is the feat of the Ld. Fitz- 
 williams. 
 
 CASTOR, (Ncrf.) 3 m. S. of 
 Norwich, was the Venta Icenorum 
 of the Romans, who had a garrifon 
 here and feveral of their urns liave 
 been found in it. 'Twas the moft 
 flouriihing city in thefe parts j but it 
 fell to decay, and Norwich rofe en 
 its ruins. The manor was anciently 
 in the poffeflion of the Redehams j 
 from whom it came to Sir Oliver 
 ' Inghana,
 
 C A 
 
 Ingham, Knt. who fold it in the R. 
 of Edw. II. to Tho. Faftolf. Cam- 
 den calls this place Caftor St. Ed- 
 mund, and fays, that Edmund the 
 Danifh K. kept his court here, and 
 that it was the feat of the famous 
 Sir John Faftolf, in the R. of Hen. V. 
 It bel. to the family of the Paftons 
 in theR. of Edw. IV. but we are 
 informed, that it was fome time ago 
 fold to one Mr. Crow of London, 
 and that from him it went to a gen- 
 tleman of that Name at Yarmouth. 
 
 CATERHAM, (Surry) on the N. 
 fide cf Blechingley, has a hill in it 
 called War-Coppice, on the top of 
 which is a camp or fortification, faid 
 to have been DanUh. From the Ch. 
 which ftands on a rife, there is a fine 
 view of Kent. 
 
 CATESBY, (Nortbamp,} on the 
 N. W. fide of Daventry, at the head 
 of the Nen, was the refidence of a 
 family of its name, which had been 
 honourable for many generations, till 
 it was fiained by the gun-powder 
 plotter. 
 
 CA THORP, (Nott.) in the p. of 
 Lowdham, was formerly given to the 
 Mon. of Shelford, but, at the Ref. 
 K. Hen. VIII. granted it to Sir Mich. 
 Stanhope. 
 
 CATTARICK, (York. W. R. ) 
 near Richmond, has a bridge over 
 the Swale, and there is a fort of ca- 
 taract near it, from which it feems 
 to have derived its ancient name Ca- 
 turraclon, in Ptolomy, from whom 
 it appears to have been a great city 
 in the time of the Romans, one of 
 whofe highways crofies the r. here. 
 On the banks of it, are founda- 
 tions of great walls, like thofe of a 
 caftle, and a huge mount, with the 
 appearance of 4 bulwarks, caft up, 
 with great labour, to a vaft height. 
 The final deftruclion of this city was 
 by the Danes. 
 
 CATTESHAII, (Surry) near 
 Godalming, was a manor anciently 
 held of the K. by the matter of his 
 concubines. A chapel bel. to it, 
 which, with the Teat, was ia the 
 
 C A 
 
 poffeffion of the family of the Moors, 
 from the time of Hen. VII. 
 
 CAVENDISH, (Suff.) on theStour, 
 bet. Long-Melford and Clare, th 
 manor and bhth-place of the an- 
 ceftors of the noble family of the D. 
 of Devon. 
 
 CAVERSHAM, (Oxf.) z m, N. 
 from Reading. The manor- houfe, 
 vix. Caverfliam-Lcdge feems, in the 
 R. of Hen. VI. to have been the 
 feat of Rich. Beauchamp, but in the 
 laft century, it was that of the Earl 
 of Craven, as it is now of Earl Ca- 
 dogan, whofe father, the firft Earl of 
 the family, built a grand houfe here. 
 
 CA us .CASTLE, (Salop) on the 
 b. of Montgomeryshire, 4 m. E. of 
 Powis-Caftle, was anciently the Lp. 
 of the Corbets, one of whom, in th* 
 R. of K. John, obtained a Mt. here. 
 It afterwards pafied, by marriage, to 
 the Staffbrds ; who held it down to 
 Cha. I. when Sir William Howard 
 inherited it, by marrying Henry Ld. 
 Stafford's only daughter and heir, and 
 was created Vifc. Stafford. It came 
 laftly to the Thynnes family, by the 
 marriage of Sir John Thynne, an 
 anceftor of Ld. Vifc. Weymouth, to 
 a daughter of Sir Rowland Hayward. 
 
 CAUSTON-HALL, (War.) near 
 Dunchurch, bel. formerly to the 
 Mon. of Pipwell, and had a grange, 
 with 2. large ovens, in which bread 
 was baked for the convents of this 
 Co. and Northamptonfhire ; but, at 
 the Ref. it was granted, by K.. 
 Hen. VIII. to Thomas Broughton, 
 whofe fon, in the R. of Q. Eiiz. 
 raifed the moft beautiful fabridc here 
 in all thefe parts, of which Will, hi* 
 grandfon was Owner in 1640. 
 
 CAWLEY^WOOD, (Bucks') near 
 Little. Gaddefden in Hertfordfhire, 
 ftands on a hill thr.t overlooks 1 1 coun- 
 ties, and bel. to the D. of Leeds. 
 
 CAWOOD, (York. W. R.) on the 
 Oufe, near Selby, and 142 m. from 
 London, which, in the civil wars, 
 the Ld. Fairfax held out for the Pt. 
 till he abandon'd this part of th 
 country, on the approach of William 
 Earl
 
 C A 
 
 C H 
 
 Earl of Newcaftle. Here i fa caftle, 
 which bel. to the Abp. of York. 
 
 ^> CAXTON, (Camb.) 42 cm. 
 and 50 mm. from London, the ftage 
 bet. Royfton and Huntingdon. In 
 the R. of Hen. III. it defcended to 
 the Frevils, and from them, by the 
 Burgoins, to the Jermyns. A Ro- 
 man way pafieth from Holm to Pap- 
 worth thro' this T. Caxton, the 
 firft printer in England, was born 
 here, as was alfo Matt. Paris the 
 hiftorian. It has a Mt. on T. and 
 fairs May 5. and Off. 3. 
 
 (j3 CERNE-ABBEY, (Dorfet.) 
 5 m. N. of Dorchefter, and 99 from 
 London, was built by St. Auftin, has 
 a Mt. on W. and Fairs on Midlent- 
 Sunday and Holy-Tb. and was lately 
 both the feat and manor of Tho. Pitt, 
 Efq; A rivulet runs from hence to 
 the r. Frome. 
 
 CHADSKUNT,(W<W.) near King- 
 ton, bel. formerly to the Mon. of 
 Coventry, then to the Bps. of Che- 
 fter, till the R. of Edw. VI. when it 
 was alienated to Tho. Hawkins alias 
 Fi/ker, and by him to Tho. Newfam, 
 whofe grandchild enjoyed it in 1640. 
 Here is a well called Chad' s- Well.' 
 
 CHAFFORD, (Kent) near Tun- 
 bridge, bel. anciently to the Roes, 
 but lately to the Rivers family, de- 
 fcended from that of Riverhill in 
 Hampfhire. 
 
 CH A c F o R D, (Devon,"] near More- 
 ton, Hamfted and Dartmore, where 
 anciently fiourifhed the famous family 
 of theProwfes, is a ftannaryT. yet 
 a poor inconfiderable place. 
 
 CHALDON, (Surry) on the N. E. 
 fide of Ryegate, is allb called Chalk- 
 down, from the great quantities of 
 chalk found and ufed here, as well as 
 of wood, efpecially hazels. , Here are 
 alfo 2 confiderable quarries of free- 
 ftone. 'Twas formerly the feat of 
 one Mr. Brown. The Ch. here is 
 very old. 
 
 CHALLOCK, (Kent) on the W. 
 fide of the r. Wye, is a chapel to 
 Godmerfliam. 'Twas formerly the 
 manor of the Apulderfields, one of 
 
 whom, in the R. of Hen. III. ob- 
 tained a grant for a.Mt. and Fair here. 
 From that family it patted thro' the 
 Hautes and the Poynings, to Piercy 
 the Earl of Northumberland, in 
 which family it remained fome time, 
 till it was conveyed to Sir Thomas 
 Cheyney, and others, who fold it to 
 Sir Chriftopher Hales, whofe fon 
 paiTed it to Sir Tho. Movie, and by 
 his daughter it came to the family of 
 the Earls of Winchelfea, in whofe 
 upper park is a garden flill called 
 Apulderfield's-Garden.. 
 
 CHAPPEL-ALLERTON , (York. 
 W. R.) which takes name from its 
 alder-trees, is a hamlet of Leeds, in 
 a pure air, and on a pleafant afcent, 
 with a profpeft iz m. round. Here 
 was a chantry, converted into a 
 chapel cf eafe, and in 1702, the inh. 
 purchafed a chapel-yard to it. Its 
 ancient Lds. were named de Alreton, 
 though the Brearhaghs had fome 
 eftate here. Ld. Clinton had the 
 manor in the R. of Q._EHz. and fold 
 it to Tho. Hodgfon. .Rob. Parker, 
 Efq; (from whom defcended the late 
 Ld. Chancellor) who had an eftate 
 here, built and endowed an hof. foi 
 10 widows, with 50 /. a year. 
 
 fc3> CHAPPEL IN THE FRITH, 
 (Derby) in the High-Peak, 124 crn, 
 149 mm. from London, has a Mt. 
 on S, and 5 Fairs, -viz:. Afcenjion- 
 day, May 4, June 1, ^fuly 7, Octo- 
 ber 5- 
 
 CHAPPEL OF Pi.AisTER,(#7/rj) 
 near Box, had a houfe formerly for 
 entertainment of pilgrims, who went 
 to vifit the fhrines of faints, particu- 
 larly Jofeph of Arimathea's at Glaf- 
 tonbury. 
 
 CHAR BOROUGH, (Dorfet.) on a 
 rivulet that runs into the Stour, 
 S. W. of Winburn-Minfter, feat of 
 the anceftors of the late General Erie, 
 and now of Sir Edw. Ernie, Bt. and 
 Hen. Drax, Efq; 
 
 f^> CHARD, ( Som. ) 116 cm. 
 
 and 140 mm. from London, is a poft 
 
 T. which, in the R. of Hen. III. 
 
 was made a Free Bor, aad fent mem- 
 
 Uu
 
 C H 
 
 bers to Pt. nine times, but loft that 
 privilege by its own Negligence ; and 
 the aflizes were alfo held here for- 
 merly. It has feveral ftreams run- 
 ning thro' it, which keep it clean, 
 and one, in particular, which, by 
 being turned N. or S. will, 'tis af- 
 firmed, run into the Severn or the 
 Britifh channel. It has 4 ilreets that 
 terminate near the Mt. which is on 
 Tu. and Fairs on Lady-day, St. 
 James's and, Ail-Saints days. Here 
 are 2 almfti. and a fmdl woollen mf. 
 there being fulling-mills in the neigh- 
 bourhood. Here was once a chantry. 
 
 CHARDSTOCK, (Dorfet.) near 
 Bcmiler, the feat of the late Anth. 
 Henley. The Philofophical Tran- 
 factions give an account of a woman 
 that had Jain here 8 days alive co- 
 vered with fnow, without receiving 
 any nourishment. 
 
 CHARING, (Kent) bet. Lenham 
 and Weftwell, on the S. fide of the 
 road from Maidftone to Canterbury, 
 ftands on a fpring of the r. Len, and 
 has the ruins of a caftellated palace of 
 the Abps. given them by fome of the 
 firft Saxon Ks. and they held it till 
 Abp. Cranmer exchanged it with 
 Hen. VIII. It has Fairs April 23. 
 and. Off. 1 3. 
 
 CHARLCOT, (ffarw.) near the 
 Avon, to the N. E. of Stratford. 
 Its Ch. was a chapel to Wellefhurn 
 in the R. of Hen. I. and in that of 
 Hen. II. bel. to the canons of Ke- 
 nilworth. The manor bel. for many 
 ages, to the Lucys, to whom it came, 
 by inheritance, from the Charlcots. 
 
 3" CHARLEY, (Lane.) on a ri- 
 vulet that runs into the Yarrow, on 
 the N. E. fide of Ecclefton, is 154 
 m. from London, and has a Mt. on 
 Tu. and Fair Aug. 10. 
 
 CHARLEY, or CHARNWOOD, 
 ( Lac. ) a little to the S. W. of 
 Loughborough, gave name to a foreit 
 near it, zo m. in compafs. Soon 
 after the conqueft, it was disforefted, 
 yet reftored by Hen. II. but was 
 again disforefted by Hen. III. as it 
 remains to this day. K. Edw. I. 
 
 C H 
 
 gave this Lp. and foreft to (fornhi 
 the Earl of Euchan, for his affiftanc* 
 of his defigns in Scotland, during the 
 difpute bet. Baliol and Bruce ; and 
 his grand-daughter marrying the Ld. 
 Beaumont, one of his defcendanti 
 inclofed a park in this foreft, which, 
 to this day, is called Beaumont- 
 Park. 
 
 CHARLTON, (Were.) near Evef- 
 ham, and on the fame r. once th 
 eftate of the knightly family of the 
 Hanfaeres, and afterwards of the 
 Dinglies of Lancaihire, to whom it 
 came by inheritance. 
 
 CHARLTON, (Kent) at the edge of 
 Blackheath, in the road from Green- 
 wich to Woolwich, is a pleafant 
 village, noted for that called Horn- 
 Fair, on St. Luket Day, when a 
 frolickfom mob go thither, in pro- 
 ceflion, from London, &c. with 
 horns of divers kinds upon their 
 heads, and ufed to commit great in- 
 decencies, which of late are much 
 reftrained. Not only horns, but wares 
 and toys of all fcrts, made of horn, 
 are fold at this fair j the origin of 
 which was, according to tradition, 
 this : vix. One of our Ks. fome fay 
 K. John, who had a palace at El. 
 tham, being a hunting hereabouts, 
 and feparated from his companions, 
 entered a cottage here, and finding 
 the miftrefs of it alone, took a liking 
 to her, and having prevailed over 
 her, the hufband came juft in the 
 critical minute, and threatening to 
 kill them both, the K. was forced 
 to compound with gold for his fafety, 
 and moreover gave the man all the 
 land from thence, as far as the place 
 now called Cuckold's-Point, beyond 
 Rotherhith, upon which he efta- 
 bliflied the Fair. A fermon is preach'd 
 on the Fair-day, in its Ch. which is one 
 of the fineft in the Co. and was beau- 
 tified and repaired by Sir Edw. New- 
 ton, Bt. tutor to Prince Henry, fon 
 of K. James I. who granted him this 
 manor ; and Sir Edward alfo built 
 that ancient fine houfe, now the feat 
 of the Earl of Egmont, 
 
 CHARL-
 
 C H 
 
 CHARLTON, (Nsrtbamp.} in the 
 
 Lof Newbottle, near Oxford/hire, 
 s the remains of a Danifh camp in 
 the neighbourhood , called Rainf- 
 borcugh. 
 
 CHARLTOX, (Nortbumb.} N. and 
 S. in Tindale, bet. Billingham and 
 Greenhaugh, bel. formerly to the 
 Piercys and Beaumonts. 
 
 CHARLTON, ( Som. ) on the S. 
 fide of Keynfham, bel. to Lacy Earl 
 of Lincoln 'and Maurice Ld. Berkley, 
 in theR. of Hen. IV. K.Hen. VIII. 
 granted the tithes of hay and corn of 
 this p. which be], to the mon. of 
 Keyn/ham, to Sir Will. Herbert, Kt. 
 
 CHARLTON, (Suffex) 3 m. E. of 
 Goodwood, remarkable for the feats 
 of fox-hunters ; there being a foreil 
 by the fide of it, formerly bel. to the 
 Lumleys, but now to theD. of Rich- 
 mond ; and a large room, defigned by 
 the Earl of Burlington, where they 
 dine. 
 
 CHARLTON, (Staff.} near Swin- 
 nerton, bel. anciently to the Barons 
 of Stafford, from whom it came to 
 the S\vinnertons, and by marriage to 
 Will. Fitzherbert ; after which it 
 pafTed to the Broughtons. 
 
 CHARLWOOD, (jiurty) to the S. 
 of Rygate, on the b. of Suflex. In 
 the R^ of Edw. I. 'twas the Lp. of 
 John de Bended, and before the Ret. 
 bel. to the men. of Chri/lchurch 
 Canterbury. It came afterwards to 
 the Saunders family, of whofe heiis 
 it was bought by Sir Will. Throck- 
 xnorton, in 1600, in whofe family 
 it continued many years ; but ia the 
 R. of K. Will. ill. we find it pcf- 
 fefled by Rob. Wile, who had the 
 care of the gardens at his palace of 
 Kenfington. The Ch. is a peculiar 
 bel. to the See of Canterbury. In 
 this p. is Kilman-Bridge, ( -vulga 
 Kilberham) fo called from a great 
 flaughter of the Danifh plunderers 
 upon or near it, by the inn. of this 
 Co. and Sufiex. 
 
 CHARMISTER, or CHADMIS- 
 TER, (Dorfct.) near Dorchefter, bel. 
 ncientjy to the cathedral of Sarum, 
 
 C H 
 
 but in the R. of Hen. VIII. to The. 
 Ld. Wriothefley, Ld. Chancellor, 
 who exchanged it with his Majeftjr 
 for other manors ; and it was lately, 
 if it be not ftill, a feat of the Tren- 
 chards. 
 
 CHAR MOUTH, (Darfet.) at th 
 mouth of the r. Car, on the N. E. 
 fide of Lyme, where the Danes for- 
 merly worfted the Engli/h in two 
 battles, but anno 838, were here 
 totally routed by the Englifli. K. 
 Cha. II. came hither after the battle 
 of Worcefter, with a defign to go 
 over to France ; but being fufpe&ed 
 by the captain of the veirel's wife, 
 withdrew to Salifbury. 
 
 CHART HAM, (Kent} 3 m. from 
 Canterbury, did bel. formerly to the 
 priory of Chriftchurch, but after- 
 wards the Abps. of Canterbury be- 
 came Lds. of it, and had a palace 
 here. At the DilT. it came into 
 the K.'s. hands, but h returned 
 it again to the Ch. This p. ftands 
 in a fine fporting country, and has a 
 trout r, running : thro' it called the 
 Stour. 
 
 CHARTLEY-CASTI.E, ( Staff. ) 
 3 m. N. E. from Stafford, near the 
 coal-pits and brine-pits, and a very 
 large park 2 m. N. of the Trent. 
 It formerly bel. to the Earls of Chef- 
 ter, cne of whom, in the R. of 
 Hen. III. built the caftle, now in. 
 xuins. It pafled afterwards by mar- 
 riage to Will. Ferrers Earl of Derby, 
 to whom it gave title of Baron. 
 Ther.ce it pafled, by marriage of a 
 daughter and heir, to Walter Deve- 
 reux, Efq; whofe fon in her right 
 became Ld. Ferrers of Chartley, and 
 was the father of Walter, and grand- 
 father of Robert Devereux Earl of 
 Effex, whcfe fitter married Sir Hen. 
 Shirley, Bt. whofe fon, in 1682, 
 was created Ld. Ferrers of Chartley, 
 and in 171 1, Earl Ferrers. Dr. Plot 
 mentions a fliuffle- board in the hall 
 of the caftle, 10 yards 13 inches 
 long, which, tho' made up of ;6o 
 pieces, each about 18 inches long in 
 the general, yet -they are fo nicely 
 gluei
 
 C H 
 
 C M 
 
 flued together, that no table is freet 
 from rubs. 
 
 CHATHAM, (Kent] is parted by 
 the Medway from Rochester, to 
 which it is a fuburb ; lies partly in 
 the p. of Gillingham, and was built 
 by K. Cha. II. after the firft Dutch 
 war; but the dock was begun by 
 Q._Eliz. and has been fo improved 
 by her fuccefibrs, that there is not a 
 compleater arfenal in the world, here 
 being whole ftreets of warehoufes 
 and ftorehoufes. The houfes of the 
 officers are well-built, and fame of 
 them ftately, and the publick build- 
 ings are furprizingly large, like the 
 fhips of the royal navy that are here 
 Rationed. This place gives the title 
 of Baron to the D. of Argyle. That 
 called the Cheft at Chatham was in- 
 ftituted anno 1558, when the fea- 
 men in the fervice of Q^Eliz. agreed 
 to allow a portion of each man's pay 
 for the relief of their fellows, that 
 had been wounded in the defeat of 
 the Spanish Armada, which cuftom 
 has continued ever fince. An hof. 
 was allb erected here, at the private 
 expence of Sir John Hawkins, and 
 incorporated by the faid Q^_ for the 
 relief of 10 or more aged and maimed 
 mariners or fhipwrights. Here is a 
 Fair Sept. 8. 
 
 CHATMOSS, (Lane.} on the W. 
 fide of the Irwell, towards Leigh and 
 Newton, is a wet marfliy ground, 
 for 5 or 6m. each way, in which 
 trees are often dug up, that are ufed 
 for fewel, and burn as clear and 
 bright as torches, they being of the 
 fir kind, and full of turpentine. 
 
 CH AT TF.S WORTH, (Derby.'] 6m. 
 from Chefterfield, and 114 from 
 London, is a feat of the D. of De- 
 von, by the r. Derwent, in the Peak, 
 and reckoned one of its wonders, be- 
 ing a roble ftately feat ; for the de- 
 fcription of which, we refer the cu- 
 rious to Mr. Cotton, Mr. Hobbs, and 
 Dr. Leigh, who fays, that, like the 
 fun in a hazy air, it gives luftre to 
 the duflcy mountains of the Peak. 
 The ftones of this magnificent b.oufe 
 
 were all dug out of quarries hard frf, 
 as was the marble, of which her 
 are feme curious tables and chimney- 
 pieces, which is finely veined, and 
 yet fo common, that the people in 
 fome places build their houfes with 
 it, and in others burn it, as they do 
 lime-ftones, to. manure the earth. 
 The old houfe was be<:un by Sir 
 Will. Candifti, or Cavendifli, of Ca- 
 vendifh in Suffolk, in the R. of Q.^ 
 Mary, and finished by his Lady, af- 
 terwards Countefs of Shrewsbury j 
 but it was pulled down, and a new 
 one built, by William D. of Devon, 
 grandfather to the prefent, with fuch 
 elegance and grandeur, that the fub- 
 limeft oratory, or poetry, can give 
 but a faint refemblance of either its 
 fituation and ftru&ure, or its fine 
 water-works, and curious paintings, 
 by the celebrated Varrio. 
 
 CHAT TON, (Nortbumb.) E. of 
 Woller, bel. formerly to the barony 
 of Vefay, but was fold, by the )>p. 
 of Durham, to the Piercys, in whofe 
 family it continued, till it was for- 
 feited to the crown, by the rebellion 
 of Hen. Piercy Earl of Northumber- 
 land, and beftowed, by K. Edw. IV. 
 together with the Charltons, to his 
 brotlier the D. of Clarence. 
 
 CHATWALL, (Salop) a little to 
 the S. W. of Aclon-Burnel , the 
 eftate of the Burnels family, and 
 afterwards of the Lovclls, till it wa 
 forfeited, and given, by Hen. VIII. 
 to the Norfolk family. 
 
 Jf> CHEADLE, (Staff.) no cm. 
 138 mm. from London, near the fource 
 of the Dove, was heretofore the eftate 
 of the Bafiets of Leicefterfhire, then 
 of the Grays of Codnover, and after- 
 wards of the Ld. Zouch's family. 
 ItsMt. is on S. and Fair Aug. 10. 
 Here is a ch. fc. 
 
 CHEDDER, (Som.) on the S. E. 
 fide of Axbridge, under the ridge of 
 Mendip-hills. Its Ld. in the R. of 
 Hen. V. took his name from it. 
 'Tis famous for very large cheeies of 
 a delicate tafte, like the beft parme- 
 fan, and fold from 6 d. to 8 d. a 
 pound.
 
 C H 
 
 pound. The rocks called Chedder- 
 Cliffs lie on the N. W. fide of Ax- 
 bridge, in which is a deep frightful 
 chafm, in the hollow whereof the 
 road goes towards Briftol ; and out of 
 it iprings a ftream fo rapid, that 'tis 
 faid to drive 12 mills within a quarter 
 of a m. of it, before it runs down 
 into the mar/hes, and joins the little 
 r. Axe. Here was a chantry. 
 
 CHZDDON, (Som.) near Taunton, 
 in the road from Bridgewater, bel. 
 heretofore to the family of Fitzpain, 
 nd patted by marriage, in the R. of 
 Rich. II. to that of Ld. Poynings, 
 as it did in that of Hen. VI. to Hen. 
 Piercy, afterwards Earl of Northum- 
 berland. 
 
 - CHEDGRAVE, (Norf.) bet. Yard- 
 ley and Seching, on the little r. 
 Thirn, was formerly the eftate of 
 Ld. Willoughby of Ereiby. 
 
 CHEDLETON, (Staff.} on the S. 
 fide of Leek, a member of Werfley 
 in Aftonfield, bel. heretofore to a 
 family of the fame name, from 
 whence it parted, by marriage, to 
 the family of Bromley, and then to 
 the Egertons. 
 
 CIJEDSEY, (Som.) a little E. of 
 Bridgewater, bel. in theR. of Rich. II. 
 to Will. Montacute Earl of Saliffiury, 
 and in that of Hen. VIII. palled to 
 Ld. Stafford's family. 
 
 CHEDWORTH, (Ghc.) on the 
 S. W. fuie of N. Leach, has long 
 been the feat and manor of the 
 Bromleys, and now gives title of Ba- 
 ron to a worthy defcendant of that 
 family. 
 
 CHELMARSH, (Salop) on the W. 
 fide of the Severn, and S. of Eridge- 
 north, was heretofore the Lp. of the 
 Mon'gomeries Earls of Shrew/bury, 
 and in the R. of Edw. III. of Ed- 
 mund Ld. Mortimer, Earl of March, 
 who gave it to the convent of Wig- 
 iore. 
 
 CPFLMESCOTE, (K'*, '..-.) near 
 Brnyles, of which this m.;uor was 
 originally a member, and poflefled 
 therewith by the Earls of Warwick j 
 Lut was afterwards alienated to Hu 
 
 C H 
 
 band, who forfeited it by rebellion 
 againft Hen. III. but recovered it, 
 and in the R. of Edw. I. held it of 
 the Earl of Warwick. In that of 
 Hen. IV. the Ld. Gray of Ruthin 
 had it, and conveyed it to John Leg, 
 who pafl"ed it to Baldwin Boteler, in 
 the R. of Hen. VI. but by marriage 
 of his daughter it went to Euftace 
 de Greenvil, whofe defcendants en- 
 joyed it till the R. of Cha. I. when 
 it was fold to Rich. Shuckborough, 
 Here was formerly a chantry. 
 
 OC^ CHELMSFORD, (E/ex) 25 
 cm. 28 mm. from London, has a 
 bridge over the Chelmer, which, at 
 the T's. end, joins the Cann. 'Tis 
 a pretty large populous T. almoft in 
 the centre of the Co. and is a great 
 thoroughfare, with good inns, in the 
 road to London. The Co. fefllong 
 and courts are held, and Kts. of the- 
 mire elected here. Here is a good 
 Mt. on Fr. and Fairs May I, July 7, 
 and Nov. i. Its Mts. and Fairs were 
 granted by K. Stephen and K. John. 
 Here is a fr. fc. which was founded 
 and liberally endowed by K. Edw. VI. 
 who fettled the Gt. of it in the fa- 
 milies of Sir Hen. Tyrrel, Sir Will. 
 Petre, Sir Walter Mildmay, and 
 Tho. Mildmay, Efqj and here is a 
 ch. fc. for 45 boys and 25 girls. 
 The Ch. appeals to have been re- 
 built above 300 years. This place 
 was formerly held of the Bp. of Lon- 
 don, and the manor-houfe is ftill 
 called Bifliop's-Hall, but Bp. Bonner 
 alienated it to the crown. The chief 
 fupport of this place, befides the bu- 
 finefs of the Co. is the multitude of 
 carriers and paflengers conftantly paf- 
 fing this way to London, with droves 
 of cattle, provifions, and mfs. All 
 round it are many feats of the nobi- 
 lity and gentry. In the I5th cen- 
 tury Malcolm K. of Scotland erected 
 a mon. here. 
 
 CHELSHAM, (Surry) a chapel cf 
 eafe to the p. of Warlingham, where, 
 on a hill called Bottle, in the road 
 from Croydon to Kent, are the re - 
 aaains of a Roman camp, to which a 
 lane
 
 C H 
 
 Ian?, called Shaifden, leads from 
 Croydon, where is a rock or quarry 
 of chalk ; and the neighbourhood 
 abounds with hazels. 
 
 fS* CHELTENHAM, (Gloc.) 8m. 
 in tne road from Gloceiter to Winch- 
 comb, and 95 from London, has its 
 name from the brook Chile, which 
 palTes through it into the Severn from 
 Dowdefwel!. The p. is lorn, in com. 
 It drives a confiderable trade in malt, 
 and has a Mt. on Tb. and Fairs on 
 Holy-Tb. and St. JamefsDay: But 
 this place is moft frequented for its 
 mineral waters, which are of the Scar- 
 borough kind, and were, not many 
 years ago, found out by the refort of 
 vaft flocks of pigeons hither, both to 
 provoke their appetite, and quench 
 their thirft. This manor paid Edw. 
 theConf. 9/. 51. a year, and 3000 
 loaves for his dogs ; and zo/. a year 
 to Will, the Conq. and 15 /. yearly 
 for bread for his dogs. K . Hen. III. 
 granted the manor to Will. Longefpee, 
 E. of Salisbury, but the benefits of the 
 Fairs and Mts. to the inh. The E's. 
 grandfon forfeiting the Lp. by going 
 out of the realm without leave of the 
 K. it was llized, and fettled after- 
 wards on the nunnery at Sicn-Houfe 
 in Middlefex. After the Ref. the 
 crown held it many years, but it came 
 atlaft to the Buttons, anceftors to the 
 late Sir Ralph Dutton of Sherborn. 
 Befides a ch. fc. a hof. was founded 
 here in 1578, for 6 poor people, by 
 Rich. Pates of Glofter,-Efq; of which 
 C.C.C. Oxford are governors. Here 
 was once a chantry. 
 
 {|* CHEPSTOW, (Monm.} 2 m. 
 from the pa/Tage over the Severn to 
 Auft-Ferry, 1 6m. from Briftol, and 
 102 cm. 131 mm. from London, near 
 the mouth of the Wye, over which it 
 has a fine wooden bridge, is large, 
 well buiit, and populous, and Hands 
 on a hill. 'Twas formerly walled 
 round, and had a caftle and a pricry. 
 The Clares, Es. of Pembroke, \vere 
 >nce the Lc"s. of it, but it patted by 
 marriage to the Bigots, and fo to 
 the Es. of WorceAer, now Ds. f 
 
 C H 
 
 Beaufort. This is the port for all 
 the Ts. that ftand on the rs. Wye 
 and Lug. Ships of good burden may 
 come up to it, and the tide comes in 
 with as much rage as at Brirtol, it 
 rifing commonly 6 fathom at the 
 bridge, which is 70 foot above the 
 furiace of the water, when the tide is 
 out. In Jan. 1738 the bridge was 
 much damaged by the rife of it above 
 70 fuct. As half of it is in Glocef- 
 terfiiire, it is maintained at the expence 
 of both Cos. A beautiful Roman 
 pavement was difcovered here in 1689. 
 Its Mt. is on 5. for rorn, &Y. but cf- 
 pecially fwine ; Fairs on the F. in 
 Wbit.-Wek, Aug. i. and the F. be- 
 fore St. Lukis. The D. of Beaufort 
 has a feat here, it being in the lift of 
 his baronies. The remains of its wall 
 are frill vifible on the S. fide of it, as 
 are 2 or 3 of its baftions. 
 
 CHZRINGTON, (Wano.) on a r. 
 that runs into the Stour, not far from 
 Shipton, bel. anciently to Brailes ma- 
 nor. In the R. of K. John it was in 
 the hands of Hen. Falconer. In that 
 of Hen. III. it bel. to Hen. Boncheva- 
 lier and Ralph de Willington ; and 
 ever fmce the R. of Edw. HI. has 
 been in the Lucy's family. 
 
 CHERLBURY, (Oxf.) nearChad- 
 dlington, bel. in the R. of Hen. VIII. 
 to Geo. Owen, Efqj but is now the 
 feat of the E. of Plymouth, and has a 
 fine view of Cornbury-Park. 
 
 CHERLTON-CASTUE, (Salop.) 
 under Wreken-Kill, bel. anciently to 
 the Cherltons, L<!s. of Powis, and 
 was afterwards fettled on Mrs. Jane 
 Orwell, and her children. 
 
 (J^CHERTSEY (Stny) 16 cm. 
 and 19 mm. from London, has a 
 bridge over {he Thr.mes to Shepper- 
 ton, and a trade in malt, which it 
 fends in barges to London. The H. 
 to which it gives name has the fpe- 
 cial privilege of exemption from the 
 jurifdiclion of the high flierifr", v.lio 
 muft direct his \\ i it to its bailiff, an 
 officer appointed by letters patent 
 from the exchequer for life. 7'hi* 
 was the v : llage to \vhkh Cow Ivy, the 
 L poet,
 
 C H 
 
 C H 
 
 poet retired, after being iaded with 
 tourt attendance and .; 
 where he died. Here is a. handfome 
 fr. fc. creeled by Sir W. Perkins, who 
 tad a feat here. K. Ja. J. granted its 
 Mt. which is on W. its Fairs are 
 the firft M. in Len?, May 3, ^/y 26, 
 S#>r. 14. Here was once an abbey, 
 by the ruins of which the fireets are 
 fornewhdt raifed ; which, were it not 
 alfo for the bank from Egham to 
 Stsnes's bridge, would, by reafon of 
 its low fituation, be often liable to be 
 overflowed by the Thames. Sir Nich. 
 Carew, matter of the buck-hounds to 
 Ch. II. built a rine houfe here with 
 the ruins of the abbey, in which was 
 depofited the corpfe of Hen. VI. (who 
 was ftabbed in the tower by order of 
 Richard, D. of Glofter) till Hen. VII. 
 removed it to Windfor. 
 
 (^ CHESHAM, (Bucki) on the b. 
 of hartfordfhire, gm. S.E. of Ailes- 
 bury, and 24 cm. 29 mm. from Lon- 
 don, has a Mt. on W. did bel. to the 
 late Lds. Cheyney, Vifcs. of New- 
 haven, and had formerly a chantry, 
 as it has now a ch. fc. 
 
 CHESHUNT, with its Park and 
 Wafh, (Hartf.} near Hodefdon,i5m. 
 in the road from London, ftands near 
 the r. Lea and that once called the Er- 
 jninftreet, and had formerly a nun- 
 nery. This place is called Chefton in 
 Norden's, Camden's, and other maps 
 of the Co. In Kilfmore-Field, on the 
 "W. fide of it, are the remains of a 
 camp. That called Chefliunt-Houfe, 
 near Waltham-Crofs, was a feat of 
 the E. of Salisbury. K. Edw. III. 
 made it a Mt. T. which has been dif- 
 continued long fir.ce. K. Hen. VIII. 
 gave this manor to his natural fon Hen. 
 Fitzroy, D. of Richmond ; who dying 
 without iffue, Edw. VI. granted it to 
 Sirjohn Gates ; who being attainted of 
 high treafon, Q._Mary gave it to Sir 
 John Huddleftone, who fold it to John 
 Cock ; by whofe pofterity, in the fe- 
 male iiTue', it hasdefcende'd to Sir John 
 Monfon, The manor of the redtory, 
 which remained at the Difl". of mcns. 
 to the D. and C. of Weftminfter, was 
 
 fold to Anth, Denny, Efq; who fold it 
 to Geo. Daties ; and byTho. Dacres, 
 in the R. of K. Ja. I. it was fold to 
 Hen. Atkins, M.D. He fold it to 
 Sir Edw. Scot ; from whom it came 
 to Sir Stephen, 4iis brother, whofe fon 
 fold it to Sir Edw. Defbouvery ; by 
 whofe grandfun Sir Edward, it was fold 
 to Tho. Martin, Efq;. The manor of 
 the nunnery was granted by Edw. VI. 
 to Anth. Denny, Efq; from whom it 
 pafled to Edward Ld. Denny, E. of 
 Norwich, who fold it to Rob. Dew- 
 hurft, E.q. He dying without iffue 
 gave it to Mrs. Anne Gill and her 
 daughter, for their lives, with re- 
 mainder to William her grandfcn, 
 who fold it to John Mortimer. The 
 latter fold it to Sam. Benfon, and he 
 to Robert, Ld. Bingley. 
 
 CHESIL-BANK, (Dorfet.) is a 
 bank of gravel and pebbles thrown up, 
 for 9 m. together in the fea, from Ab- 
 botibury to the S. E. with a narrow 
 fea running betwixt it and the fhore, 
 by which fand-bankPoitland is joined 
 to the continent. 
 
 CHESTALL, (Sfa/.) in the p. of 
 Longdon, where Sir Edw. Littleton 
 had a feat, bel. to Simon Ridley, and 
 his pofterity, from the R. of Edw. III. 
 to that of Hen. VI. when it was fold 
 to the Ridgleys ; but they fold it 
 to Mr. Hufiey, cf Albrighton near 
 Shrewsbury, who fold it to Mr. Bar- 
 low, of Darbyfhirc ; and he conveyed 
 it to Laur. Wright, whofe pofterity 
 did lately, if thc-y do not ftill enjoy it. 
 ^c CHESTER, (Cbejh.} 140 cm. 
 182 mm. from London, is commonly 
 called Weft-Chefter. 'Tis a large, an- 
 cient, populous, and wealthy city, 
 with a noble bridge, having a gate at 
 each end, and 12 arches over the Dee, 
 w hich falls into the fea. It has 1 1 ps. 
 and 9 well built Chs. The Cathedral, 
 called St. Werburg's, once a mon, 
 looks as antique as the caftle. Some 
 fay they were both built by Will, the 
 Conor's, nephew, Hugh Lupus ; and 
 others that the Ch. w?s founded by 
 Edgar. The continual refort of paf- 
 fengers here, to and from Iceland, adds 
 very
 
 C I! 
 
 C II 
 
 very much to its trade ; bat its port, 
 which is formed by the Hyle-Lake 
 and the point of Ane, is indifferent, 
 the bar being often almoft choaked 
 up, fo that fhips were forced to un- 
 load their goods at 6 m. diftance, and 
 fend them up to the city in fma]l vef- 
 fels: But by the favour of two ats of 
 Pt. in 1732 and 1741, this inconveni- 
 ence is in a great meaivue iurmounted, 
 by a channel being cut 10 m. in length, 
 through which great VefTels now come 
 up to its kay. The city is fuppoied 
 to have been founded by the Romans, 
 in whofe days it was very eminent, and 
 no city in Britain maintained the Ro- 
 man fplendor fo long. After it had 
 fubmitted to the Saxons, the Britons 
 recovered and kept it, till Egbert, the 
 firft Saxon monarch, took it from 
 them about Sz6 ; and 60 years after 
 this it was taken by the Danes; but 
 they were befiegeJ,, and forced to fur- 
 render it to the united Saxons and Bri- 
 tons. In theR. of K. Edw. the el- 
 der, it was enlarged ; and K. Edgar 
 having in the I3th of his R. (um- 
 moned all the Kgs. and Princes of the 
 ifland hither to pay him homage, the 
 Kgs. of Scotland, Cumberland, and 
 Man, and 5 petty Kgs. of Wales fwore 
 feaity -to him, and rowed him in a 
 barge in the r. Dee, while himfelf fat 
 in triumph, fleering the helm. In the 
 R. of Hen. VIII. this city was im- 
 powered to elect members to Pt. In 
 the civil wars, it held out a fiege for 
 K.Cha. I. under Ld. Biron, and de- 
 clared for Cha. II. under Sir Geo. 
 Booth. In 160.5 a mint was elta- 
 bh'/hed here for coining the new mo- 
 ney. The houfes here in general are 
 of timber, very large and fpacious, but 
 are built with galleries, piazzas, or 
 covered wails before them ; in which 
 the pafiengers are fo hid, that to leek 
 into the ftreets, one fees no body ftir- 
 ring, except with horfes, coaches, 
 carts, fife, and the fliops are hardly 
 to be feen from the ftreets, fo that 
 they are, for the moft part, dark and 
 clofe ; but in fuch parts, where the 
 rows do not cloud the buildings, there 
 
 are large well built houfes. Tha 
 ftreets are generally even and fpacious, 
 and, crofling one another in fhait, 
 lines, meet in the centre. The walls 
 were firft creeled by ./Edelfieda, a 
 Mercian lady, anno 908, and join on 
 the S. fide of the city to thecaftlej 
 from whence there is a pleafant walk 
 round the city upon the walls, except 
 where it is intercepted by fonie of the 
 towers over the gates j and from hence 
 there is a prolpeft of Flintshire and 
 the mountains of Wales. The city 
 confills chiefly of 4 large ilreets, which 
 make an exact crols, with the T. 
 houfe and an exchange in the middle, 
 which is a neat ftruttuiv, fupported 
 by columns 1 3 foot high, of one (lone 
 each. The city has 4 gates, 3 poi- 
 terns, and is 2 m. in com. The epif- 
 copal fee was firft tranflated to it from 
 Litchfield, immediately after the con- 
 queft ; but it was afterwards removed 
 to Coventrv, and thence back again, 
 toLitchfield ; fo that Chefter remained 
 without this dignity till it was re- 
 ftored by Hen. VI II. It had been 
 made a corp. and Co. by K. Hen. VII. 
 '1'is governed by a mayor, 24 aid. 2 
 fheriffs, and ^oC.C. In the caftle, 
 where the Es. of Chefcer formerly 
 held their Pts. is a (lately hall, feme- 
 what like that at Weftm'infler, where 
 the palatine courts and afiizes are held. 
 There are alfo offices for the records, 
 a prifon for the Co. and a tower af- 
 cribed to Julius Caefar. A Dutch co- 
 lony was fettled here not many years 
 ago, by whofe indufli'y the trarnck of 
 this city was much augmented ; but 
 die mf. of moft note here, is tobacco 
 pipes, faid to be the beft in Europe, 
 being made of clay brought from the 
 Ille of Wight, Pool, and Biddiford. 
 Here are aflemblies every week, and 
 horfe-races upon St. George's Day, be- 
 yond the Rhode-?, which is a fine 
 large green, but fo low, that it is of- 
 ten overflowed by the Dee. The 
 walls, being built like moft of the 
 houfes of a ftone which is a foft red- 
 difh grit, often want repairing ; for 
 which purpofe, there are ofHcers,called 
 L z niurengers.
 
 C H 
 
 C H 
 
 Jnurengcrs. The keeping of the 
 gates was once reckoned fo honourable 
 an office, that it was claimed by fe- 
 vcral noble families ; as Eaft-gate by 
 the E. of Oxford, Bridge-gate by the 
 E. of Shrew/bury, Water-gate by the 
 . of Derby, North-gate by the mayor 
 f the city. On the E. fide of it, 
 there is a poftern, which was ihut up 
 ly one of its mayors, becaufe his 
 daughter, who had been at ftool-ball 
 with feme maidens in Peeper, ftreet, 
 was ftolen,andconvey'd away thro' this 
 gate ; this has occafioned a proverb 
 Jiere, " When the daughter is ftclen 
 " /hut Pepper -gate." The city is w^ell 
 fupplied with water from the r. Dee by 
 mills, and the water -tower, which is 
 One of the gates of the bridge. The 
 centre of the city, where the A ftreets 
 ineet facing the cardinal points, is 
 called the Per.iife, from whence there 
 is a pleafant profpeft of all 431 once. 
 The fuburbof Hanbrid is called by the 
 "VVelih Treiotk, i. e. Burnt-Town, it 
 having been often burnt by them in 
 their incurfions. The fee-farm rents 
 of this city are vefted in the Ps. of 
 Wales, as Es. of Chefler, who hold 
 them with the caftle and profits of 
 the temporahies of the F.pk. f-n-i the 
 free men fwear to be true to the K. 
 and E. The officers eftabliihed here 
 are, a governor of the city and caftle, 
 a lieutenant-governor, with a mafter- 
 gunner, ftore-keeper, and furbi/her of 
 fmall-arms ; and for the cufroms, be- 
 fides a collector, comptroller, and 
 fearcher, here are 21 fubordinate offi- 
 cers. Here is a ch. fc. fcr 40 boys, 
 who are taught, clcathed and main- 
 tained by a fund of 500 /. and 70 /. a 
 year fubfcription. The Mts. here, 
 are W. and 5. and the Fairs, to which 
 abundance of merchants and tradef- 
 men come from all parts, particularly 
 Briftol and Dublin, sre June 1.4. Jut] 
 25, and Sept. ?.g, each for a week. 
 This place was of great account, fo 
 eaily as in the days of K. Arthur,, for 
 teaching the arts and fcience?, pnd the 
 learned languages. K. Ethelwolf, 
 and z other Brififli Ks. are faid to 
 
 have been crowned here; and, it h 
 faid, that Hen. IV. Emp. of Germa- 
 ny, died and was buried here, after 
 having lived a hermit here unknown 
 for ic years. 
 
 CHESTER, (Nertkatxp.) on the r. 
 Nen, near Archefter and Wellingbo- 
 rcugh, -has plain marks of a Reman 
 fortification, or Barrow ; and Roman 
 bricks, pavements, and coins, are often 
 dug up here. 
 
 {f^ 3 CHESTERFIFLD, (Darly.) 
 the chief T. in Scarfdale, gm. from 
 Bakewell, 106 cm. u6mm. from 
 London, which ftands pleafantly on 
 the fide of a hill, bet. 2 rivulets, the 
 Ibber and Rother, was made a free 
 Bor. by K. John, who gave it to Will. 
 Briewer, his favourite. It had for- 
 merly a mon. and gave title of E. to 
 Philip, the noble anceftor of the 
 Stanhopes in Nottingham/hire. 'Tis a 
 handfcire, populous T. governed by a 
 mayor and aid. and has a fair Ch. but 
 its fpire, which is of timber covered 
 with lead, is warped all awry. Here 
 is a new, large Mt. place, well fup- 
 plied with lead,grocery > mercery,malt, 
 leather, ftockings, blankets, bedding, 
 &c. in which it deals confiderably, 
 net only over all the Peak, and in 
 Cheinheand Lancafhire, but in York- 
 /hire, Northampton/hire, Lincolnshire, 
 Leicefterfhire, and London. Its Mt. 
 is S, and Fairs Feb. 28, May 4, July 
 8, and Seft. 14. Here is a fr. fc. 
 reckoned the rroft confiderable in the 
 N. of England ; from whence many 
 fludents are fent to the Us. particu- 
 larly Cambridge. 
 
 CHEST ER FIELD, (S/^jT".) en the 
 Tame, is a little to the S. of Litch- 
 field, where feveral antiquities have 
 been lately dug up. 
 
 CHESTERFORO, GREAT and 
 LITTIE, (Efffx] to the N. E. of 
 Walden, on the b. of Cambridgeshire. 
 It lies near Ickleton and Strethal upcn 
 the r. Cam. In 1719 here were dii- 
 covered the veftigia of a R'^man city, 
 the foundation of whofe walls appears 
 quite round, though level with the 
 ground, and takes in about 50 .-.ere?. 
 Great
 
 C H 
 
 C H 
 
 Gitiat part of it ferves for a caufey to 
 the London road, and the Crown-inn 
 is built on it. In the N. W. end of 
 the T. there is the foundation of a 
 Roman temple ; and many Roman 
 coins h ve been found in the Bor. field, 
 as they term the old city ; whofe 
 name, according to Dr. Stukeley, was 
 Camboritum. Sir J;im. Berkley, who 
 had this eftate by a daughter of Mow- 
 bray, D. of Norfolk, built a fine houfe 
 here, and gave th^ manor and rectory 
 to Weftminfter-Abbey ; and here was 
 once a chantiy ; but upon the Ref. K. 
 Hen. VIII. granted it to Sir Mho. 
 Audley, Ld. Chanc. from whom it 
 defcended to Margaret, Dfs. of Nor- 
 folk ; and from her to her fon Tho- 
 mas, E. of Suffolk, whofe poiterity 
 have a feat here. 
 
 CHESTER IN THE STREET, 
 (Dt/rtar/:) <; m. beyond that city, in 
 the road to Berwick, ftands near the 
 r. Were, almoft oppofite to Lumley- 
 Caftle, and had a collegiate Ch. foun- 
 ded by Anth. Beck, Bp. of Durham, 
 for a dean, and 7 prebendaries. 'Tis 
 the fourth ward T. of the Co. and 
 the ancient feat of the Hcdworths, 
 'Tis old, and faid to have been here- 
 toforea Roman colony ; and the Bp's. 
 fee was tranflated from Lindisfern, 
 and continued in it 113 years; bur, 
 whatever was its grandeur then, it is 
 now a poor, dirty pkice. On Chefter 
 Weft Moor, in this neighbourhood, 
 there are frequent horfe races. 
 
 CHESTER- LITTLE, (Darby") on 
 the Derwent, near Darby, was an- 
 cientJy a city, though a fmall one ; 
 but now it is a meer village, over- 
 looked ' by Darby-Hill. 'Tis not 
 doubted, butlt was heretofore inha- 
 bited by the Romans, becaufe many 
 of their coins of different metals have 
 been found here. 
 
 CHESTER-OVER, ( Wariu. ) a 
 hamlet of Monks-Kirkby ; was in the 
 Rs. of Edw. IIL and Rich. H. the in- 
 heritance of the Lovets ; by whom it 
 was afterwards conveyed to the Pure- 
 foys of Church-Over ; and in the R. 
 cf'Hcn. VI. Will. Purefoy and John 
 Waver were certified to be Lets, of 
 
 this manor ^ after which, in the fame 
 R. we find it folely in the poileiiion 
 of Hen. Waver, citizen and draper of 
 London, who obtained a patent of that 
 K. to rebuild his feat with turrets, 
 and embattle it with walls; andtoen- 
 c!ofe 5zoacres of land here forapark ; 
 as alfo to have a court-leet, with free 
 warren and fi/hing in all his domains. 
 In the R. of Hen. VII. it came, by 
 marriage of the heirefs, to Will. 
 Brown, who built the gatehoule of 
 timb"r, which was ftanding in 1640. 
 Her grand Ton Edw. Brown fold it, in 
 theR.of Hen. VIII. to SirFulkGre- 
 vil ; frem whom it defcended toRc- 
 bert, late Ld. Brooke. 
 
 CHESTER TON, (Cj.'Ki.)nearCam- 
 bridge, capital of its H. was formerly 
 the manor and feat of the Bt-vi's. 
 
 CHESTERTON, (Sfq/.]on the N. 
 fide of Neweaftle under Lin3,is thought 
 tj have been a place of note before 
 the conqueft, and to have had walls, 
 and a caftle. 
 
 CHESTERTON, (Warto.} onthe 
 S.W. fide of Southam, upon the foffe, 
 a Roman way, where it had a fortifi - 
 cation, is the ancient feat and manor 
 of the Peitos. 
 
 CHES w ic K,(M/</J.) onthe S.W. 
 fide of Hammerfmith, on the Thames, 
 is graced with the noble feat of the 
 E. of Burlington. Here are 2 ma- 
 nors ; one bel. to the prebendary of 
 Chefwick in the Cathedral of St. 
 Paul's, which, together with the man- 
 fion houfe,<S/c . has been let, ever fince 
 the R. of Q^Eliz. to the D.and C. of 
 Wefhninfter ; the fcholars of which 
 formerly ufed to repair, in times of 
 licknels, to a good houfe here. The 
 other is called, the dean's manor, be- 
 caufe it bel. to the D. and C. of St. 
 Paul's. Here is a ch. fc. 
 
 CHESWRING, (Cornw.) near the 
 monument of ftones, called the hurl- 
 ers, and not far from St. Neots, is 
 another fvirprizing heap of pretty large 
 rocks, piled upon one ar.other, and 
 lying a/kew, with a great ftone under 
 them, fliaped like a checfej from 
 whence it is fo called, 
 
 L 3 CHI;*
 
 C H C H 
 
 CHESWYKE, {Warm.") not far on a hill, trebly fortified, \vhichha3 
 
 from Warwick, where was a fcrti- a profpeft of the ifles of Flatholm 
 
 fication, fuppofed to have been Ro- and Steepholm. Here is a petrifying 
 
 man, anciently be), to the Brough- fpring ; and the country adjacent a- 
 
 tons of Oxfordshire ; but was fold, bounds with coal-pits. The ground 
 
 in the R. of Edw. III. to John is rich, and bears much wood ; and 
 
 Warm and Rich. Cower ; but the the houfes, even of the pocrer fort, 
 
 greater!: part of it was fold, in the are remarkably neat, being generally 
 
 Jaft century, to Will. Bache. vvhited over, and adorned with pretty 
 
 CHETELHAMPTON, (Dc'vcn.} on gardens; but the roads here are ex - 
 
 the r. Taw, r.ear S. Moalton and ceeding bad, confiding of tfeep vsl- 
 
 Chimleigh , was rnciently called leys, and narrow, dark, intricate 
 
 Chedelington, and the pcffcfficn of lanes. 'Tis one of the largeft ps. ii> 
 
 the Earls of Glocelrer, Warwick, the Co.- and the vicarage is worth 
 
 and Bridgewater, and Ld. Spencer, 300 /. a year, 
 but now of Sir Lewis Pollard. CHT WTON-MENDIP, (Sent.) a- 
 
 CH EVER EL RJagna and Parva, mong Mendip-Hills, was, in the R. 
 
 (Wits) near Lavington, formerly the of Hen. VI. theeftate of Ld. Bonvile, 
 
 mancr of the Burnels, and fettled and now of Ld. Wa'dgrave, to whom 
 
 afterwrrds by Lady Hungerford on it gives title of Baron. The Maps 
 
 an hof. at Hitelbury. give it a Mt. 
 
 CHEVIOT, (Nortbumb.) to the CHEYNEY, (Bucks) on the r. 
 
 S. W. of Wcoller, en the b'. of Coin, 3 m. from Amerfham, be- 
 
 Scotiand, is famous for the free longing of old to the Cheyneys ; 
 
 chace, much ufed here by the Eng- but has been the manor and feat of 
 
 lifli and Scots gentry, the property the Ruflels, (now Ds. of Bedford) 
 
 of which was Ld. MeiniPs, in the R. for 200 years; John RufTel, who 
 
 of Edw. III. The adjacent country was created Earl of Bedford by 
 
 being hiiiy is called the Cheviot- Edw. VI. having obtained this eftate 
 
 Hills, of which one is fo high, that by right of his lady, Anne the daugh- 
 
 'ds feen 60 m. off; and near the ter of Sir Guy Sapcote, and widow 
 
 chace are fome fenny grounds, called of Sir John Broughton. 
 the Cheviot-Moors. This is the 5^ CHI CHESTER, (&//*) 5ocm. 
 
 Cheviot famous for the fierce en- 63 mm. from London, was the royal 
 
 counter bet. the Englifh and Scots, feat of the South-Saxon Ks. and is 
 
 under the Earls Piercy and Douglas, the See of a Bp. which was tran- 
 
 w hich is celebrated in that excellent flated hither, in the Conqueror's time, 
 
 ballad of Cbc-vy Cbace. from Selfey. Here are 5 Chs. be- 
 
 CHEW Magna, (Som.) ftands on fides its Cathedral, which has been 
 
 the r. Chew, bet. Keynfham and burnt twice, i-ix. anno 1114, and 
 
 Wrinton ; End is called Biihop's- again in the R. of Pich. III. 'Tis 
 
 Chew, becaufe it bel. once to the a neat compact T. with a wall and 
 
 Bps. of Bath and Wells ; but one of 4 gates, anfwering to the 4 cardinal 
 
 them, by licence from Edw. VI. winds, which give name to the 
 
 conveyed it, with other domains in ftreets, that meet in the centre, 
 
 the neighbourhood, to the Protester where the Mts. and Fairs are kept. 
 
 (D. of Scmerfet) and his heirs, for This is a City and Co. of itfelf; and 
 
 ever. That red bclus, called Redding, the corp. confifts of a mayor, re-- 
 
 which is ufed for the marking of corder, aid. and C. C. without Ji- 
 
 fheep, &c . is dug up here. In this mitation, snd 4 juftices of the peace, 
 
 p. about I m. from Stanton-Drew, chofe out of the aid. Its Mfs. which 
 
 is Bow-Ditch, fo called from its cir- are W. F. and S. are furnifhed with 
 
 tujar form, which was a large camp plenty of provifions j and the Mt.-
 
 C H 
 
 C H 
 
 place is adorned with a mod ftately 
 crofs. Irs Fairs are AJb-tTedn.'!- 
 day, April 3, W'hitfon-Tuefday, St. 
 Jair.iis-day, and Micbaelmat ; which 
 laft holds 9 days, and is called Slow 
 Fair. "Tis encompafled all round, 
 except on the N. fide, by the r. La- 
 vant ; which, tho' very low in the 
 winter, when other rs. are full, yet is 
 apt to overflow even in the mid ft of 
 fummer, and is navigable at a little 
 distance from the mouth of it, tho' 
 not deep eno.tgh for a good haven : 
 in it are bred the fineft lobfters in 
 England. The Mt. oh 5. is noted 
 efpecially for fiih, but much more 
 for corn j fo that the toll for wheat, 
 barley, malt and oats there, has 
 fome time: amounted, at only an 
 half-penny a quarter (meafure,) to 
 60 /. a year. Every W. fortnight, 
 here is one of the greateft cattle Mts. 
 in England. The chief mfs. here are 
 malt and needles. The neighbouring 
 farmers have granaries and mills, near 
 the creek where the veflels come up, 
 and fend their corn to London, by 
 fea, in meal. Here is fome foreign 
 trade, and a collector of the cuftoms, 
 &c. at Dell key, a fmall harbour, 
 about 4 m. from the fea, where vef- 
 fels come in and go out, at high- 
 water, with wheat, timber and coals, 
 for London, and other ports on the 
 coaft. A canal was dug here in the 
 R. of K. James I. becaufe of the 
 city's diftance from the haven. The 
 Bp's. palace, the Cathedral, (which 
 has the pictures of all the monarchs 
 of England fince Cifia, and of all the 
 Bps. ) and the prebendaries houfes, 
 take up all the fpace bet. the W. 
 and S. gates. The palace has been 
 lately rebuilt; and, in Off. 1727, 
 the workmen in the gardens found 
 fome valuable ancient coins, and a 
 curious piece of Roman pavement 
 dedicated to Neptune and Minerva j 
 a ftone was alfo dug up here, in 
 1723, denoting, that a temple was 
 creeled here in the R. of Claudius 
 Caefar. Here is a ch. fc. for 42 boys, 
 and another for 20 girls. This city 
 
 gives title of Earl to the D. of South- 
 ampton and Cleveland. There ar 
 ll-VL-ral houfes of the nobility near 
 it, which have a delightful profpect 
 of the fea, &c. and, as the city is 
 healthfully fituate on a gravel,, within 
 3 m. of hills, there is very good 
 hunting, courfmg, failing, lifting, 
 ;?<.-. round about it, with all necef- 
 faries for a pleafant lite. It was 
 called CifiVs Ccfter, i. e. city ; be- 
 cauie it was rebuilt by Cifla K. of 
 the S. Saxons, after it had been burnt 
 to the ground by certain Saxons and 
 Norwejbns. There was once a caftle 
 near the N. gate, which was the an- 
 cient feat of the Earls of Arundel, 
 who were thence ftiled Earls of Chi- 
 chefter; but, long before the Rcf. 
 it was converted to a mon. On the 
 N. fide of this city is St. Roch's, 
 commonly called RookVHill, where 
 was formerly a chapel dedicated, as 
 fuppofed, to that faint, who was pa- 
 tron of the pilgrims. Here are ftill 
 the marks of an old camp jam. and 
 half to the W. are marks of another 
 camp at Bo\v-H:ll, or Gonfhill ; and 
 another on the fame fide, but nearer 
 to the city, called the Brill : the laft 
 is faid to have been Vefpafian's. 
 
 CHIDDINGFOLD, (Surry] in the 
 road from Chichefter, near Hafle- 
 mere, is fuppofed to have been the 
 manor of Sir Tho. St. Leger, in the 
 R. of Edw. IV. becaufe he gave cer- 
 tain lands here to the chantry of 
 prierrs, which he founded, at St. 
 George's Chapel afWindfor. In the 
 R. of Q^ Eliz. here were no lefs 
 than II glafs-houfes ; which, being 
 petitioned againft by the neighbours 
 as nufances, were put down. 
 
 CmnicKE, (Dorfet.) near Char- 
 moudi, and or> the jroad from Dor- 
 chefter to Lyme, was anciently the 
 Lp. of a family of the fame name, 
 and lately of Sir John Beling. 
 
 CHIDLE Y-MouNT, ( Som. ) on. 
 the other fide of the Parret, oppofita 
 to Bridgewater, which is fuppofed to 
 have rofe from its ruins, was an- 
 ciently the Lp. of the Montacutes. 
 Some
 
 C H 
 
 C H 
 
 Some Roman coins have been found 
 here. 
 
 CHI G WELL, (Effex) bet. Wal- 
 tbam-Abbey and Rumtcrd, was for- 
 merly the eftate of Tho. de Gernon, 
 and afterwards cf Tho. Elderton of 
 London, when it had a chantry ; 
 and here was a grange, which bel. 
 to the abbey of Tiltey, but was given, 
 by Hen. VIII. to Tho. Addington. 
 The rec^cry and p. Ch. are united to 
 the prebend of St. Pancras in St. 
 Paul's London. Here is a ch. fc. 
 Chigwell-Dews and Chigweli Row 
 are 2, neighbouring hamlets. 
 
 CHILDCOT, (Staff.) on the b. 
 of Leicefterfhire, near Hogfnortcn, 
 {lands on the r. Meefe, and is fo 
 called, becaufe it was the eftate cf 
 one Child, in the R. of Edw. III. 
 after which, it appears to have been 
 i.i the fam;;y of Chiidcot, till the 
 nth of Rich. II. 
 
 CHJLDERLEY, (Carr.b.) on the 
 W. fide of Cambridge, where for- 
 merly lived the Here's family ; from 
 which it came to the Cults family, 
 who held it a long time j but 
 the late Ld. Cutts, an Irifh peer, 
 fold it. 
 
 CHILDRIY, (Berks) near Wan- 
 tage, once the Lp. of Sir John 
 Chiidicy, who divided it among his 
 three daughters, or nieces, with 
 whom it continued, till very lately, 
 when it was in the hands of Sir Geo. 
 Fettiplace, Sir Oliver Ayfhcomb, and 
 Mr. Knight. The ridge-way, called 
 Ickleton, part of the Roman Icknild - 
 flreet, runs juft above this place. 
 Here is a fr. fc. founded by Will. 
 Fettiplace, Efq; 
 
 CHILHAM, (Kent) N. of God- 
 merfliam, not far from the r. Slower, 
 is fuppofed to be the place where 
 Julius Ca^far incamped, in his fecond 
 expedition to Britain, and that from 
 hence it was at firft called Julham, 
 7. e. Julius's houfe ; and bel. the T. 
 there is a green barrow, called Jul- 
 Laber, which is thought to be the 
 grave of Laberius Dorus the tribune, 
 v.ho was killed by the Brians, in 
 
 the march of the Remans from that 
 camp. Afterwards this came to be 
 the feat of the Ks. of Kent j and it 
 had a caftle, which Edw. II. granted, 
 with the manor, to Ld. Badlefmere ; 
 who forfeiting it to the crown, by 
 treafon, it was given to David St'ra- 
 bolgy, for his life only ; after which, 
 Edw. III. granted it to the fc n of 
 the faid Ld. Badlefmere ; from whofe 
 family it went, by marriage, to the 
 Ld. Rofs of Ka-rslake ; but was again 
 foifeited to thticrcwn, by the treafon 
 of his fon, and there remained, till 
 Hen. VIII. granted it to Sir Thomas 
 Cheyney j whofe fen, Henry Ld. 
 Cheyney, fold it to Sir Tho. Kemp ; 
 by whofe grand -daughter, it was- 
 transferred, in 1636, to Sir Dudley 
 Digss, mailer of the rol'.r, who erected 
 a noble building on the ruins of the 
 caftle ; and in his pofterity it did 
 lately, if it does not ftil), remain. 
 Hera was formerly a Mt. and a Fair 
 is ftill kept here, 'Cci. 28. 
 
 CHILLINGHAM.CASTLE, (Nor. 
 thumb.) on the r. Till, near Aln- 
 wick, was the feat of the Ld. Gray 
 of Wark, and now of Ld. Tanker- 
 ville. Here is a marble chimney- 
 piece in the hall, with a hollow in 
 the middle, wherein 'tis faid a toad 
 was found alive, at the fawing of the 
 {rone. 
 
 CHILLINGTOJJ, (Ktr.t) not ,far 
 from Maidftone, was formerly the 
 demefne of the Lds. Cobham, and 
 then of the Maplefdens ; who fold 
 it, in the R. of Hen. VIII. to Sir 
 Walter Henley j whofe brother 
 Thomas fold it to Serjeant Barham j 
 from whom it came to Mr. Hauls, 
 
 CHILLINGTOK, (Staff.) to the 
 S. W. of Breewood, bel. in the R. 
 of K. Stephen, to Peter GifTard, a 
 younger fon of the GitTards Ds. of- 
 Buckingham, whofe pofterity have 
 held it ever fince, unle.'s lately re- 
 moved. It has been remarked of their 
 feat here, that of its numerous win- 
 dows fcarce two were nlike. 
 
 CHILMARK, (Wilts) on the r. 
 
 Nadder, near ChickJade, is a pleafant 
 
 village.
 
 C H 
 
 C H 
 
 village, noted for quarries of good 
 white ftone. 
 
 CHILSTON, (Kftit] near Boclon- 
 Malherb, formerly bel. to the Huf- 
 feys, till it was fold to John Park- 
 hurft 5 from whom it came, through 
 feveral hands, to the Hales's. 
 
 CHILTERN, a ridge of chalky 
 hills, from Henley upon Thames to 
 the N. thro' tr>_ middle of Bucks, 
 to Tring in Hertfordshire, which Co. 
 they divide from Bedfordfhire. 
 
 CHIL TING TON, (Sufj'ex) ne?r 
 W. Grinfted, was, in 'the R. of 
 Edw. I. the eftate of the Ld. De la 
 War ; and in that of Edw. III. cf 
 Alan de Zouch j with whofe daugh- 
 ter it went in marriage to Sir John 
 Botitourt of Worceftedhire. 
 
 CHIL TON, (Kent) near Sitting- 
 bourn, be!, formerly to the Chiltons, 
 and then to the Corbies ; from whom 
 it pafled, in marriage, to Sir Nich. 
 Wotton's family ; and from them, 
 it came the fame way to the late Ld. 
 Stanhope. 
 
 CHILTON, (Kent') in the p. of 
 Afli, near Sandwich, was once the 
 feat of Will. Baude and his pofterity ; 
 but pafled to Tho. Wolton, and then 
 fixed in the Harfleets. 
 
 E. of Ramfbury, in the road to Brif- 
 tol, was a Lp. of the Foliots, in the 
 R. of Will, the Conq. In that of 
 Xdw. III. Gerard Ld. Line died feized 
 of it, and left it to his only daughter 
 and heir, the wife of Tho. Ld. Berk- 
 ley ; but, after her death, it pafTed 
 to Rich. Beauchamp Earl of War- 
 wick, by his marriage with their 
 only daughter : we find it, after this, 
 in the hands of the Spenfers. 
 
 CHIL VERSCOTON, (Warw.) on 
 the S. fide of Nun-Eaton, was, in 
 the R. of Edw. the Confeflbr, the 
 Lp. of Fitz-Ralph Earl of Hereford, 
 one of whofe defendants gave cer- 
 tain lands in this p. to the Kts. 
 Templars. It coming to the crown 
 upon the Ref. it was purchased, in 
 the R. of Q^Eliz. by Thomas D'A- 
 
 bridgecourt, who gave it with his 
 daughter to Will. Belcher, of Gillef- 
 borcugh in Northamptonshire ; who 
 fold it to Walter Giffard, of Chil- 
 lington in Staffordibire, and was af- 
 terwards fold to Rich. Chamberlain, 
 Efq; Regifter of the court of wards. 
 
 CHILWELL, (Nott.) 2 villages to 
 the N. W. of Nottingham, where 
 the Srrclleys held lands, from Hen. I. 
 to Hen. VIII. after which they came 
 to the Poutrells, whofe anceftor 
 Thomas was one of the four coheirs 
 of John Strelley, whofe anceftm-s 
 held fome lands here in the R. of 
 Edw. I. The widow Poutrell fold 
 fome of the lands, on the S. fide of 
 the Trent, to Mr. Will. Sacheverel 
 of Barton, and granted the manor to 
 Sir Henry Hunlakc of Derbyshire, 
 her nephew, whofe anceftor was an 
 owner hereabouts, in the R. of 
 Hen. VIII. The Martels alfo had 
 a manor here j which paffcd by heir- 
 efles, to the Babingtons firft, and 
 then to the Sheffields, fince Ds. of 
 Buckingham ; and they fold it to the 
 Poutrells, who thereby became Lds. 
 of both manors. The lands here 
 that bel. to Derley priory were 
 granted to Hercules Witham and 
 Francis Thekefton, and their heirs ; 
 and the fiftiing in Trent to Robe.t 
 and Hugh Thornhill, and their heirs. 
 
 CHIL WORTH, (Sun-y) a hamlet 
 of St. Nicholas p. in Guilford, tho' 
 near 2 m. from it ; which has, for 
 fome ages, been the Lp. of the Ran- 
 dyls, by whofe encouragement the 
 famous gun -powder mills, th: firft 
 that were creeled in England, h'.ve 
 all along been upheld, in a valley 
 adjoining to it, full cf fpringp, that 
 drive no lefs than 18 powder mills, 
 which are farmed out to divers per- 
 fons ; and the powder-makers here 
 look like a commonwealth of ne- 
 groes. Here are alfo many ponds, 
 that abound with carp as bright and 
 f\vcet as rivsr carp ; and Mr. Ran- 
 dyl is faid to have the beft hop- 
 gardens in England. Here is a Fa : r 
 foe
 
 C II 
 
 for 7 days before fr'icbadmai, for 
 cattle, cheefe, fifli, &c. much re- 
 forted to by the Londoners. 
 
 ^= CHIMLEY, (Dewm.) on the 
 r. 1 aw, near the midway from Exe- 
 ter to Earnftaple, 148 cm. 184. mm. 
 from London. A fr. fc. which was 
 founded here by the Earl of Bedford, 
 is long fince come to nothing. The 
 Mt. is on Tb. and the Fair July 22. 
 
 CHINGFORD, (E/ex] near Wood- 
 ford, and net far from Epping-Foreft, 
 is called in ancient writings Chingel- 
 ford. This manor was, in the R. 
 of Hen. III. the Lp. of Richard de 
 Chiiham alias Dover, by the mar- 
 riage of Rofe, daughter of Robert de 
 Dover j but patted again, by mar- 
 riage, to the Earl of Athol ; who 
 forfeiting it by treafon, K. Edw. III. 
 gave it to the Earl of Glocefter. It 
 afterwards parted to Giles Ld. Bad- 
 lefmere, and from him, by a daugh- 
 ter, to William Ld. Roos of Kame- 
 lake, \\hofe family enjoyed it for 
 feme defcents ; till it paited, by mar- 
 riage, to Robert, de Manners, anccftor 
 of the Ds. of Rutland 5 and from him 
 'tis fuppofed the manor is called 
 Earls-Chingford, tpdiftinguifli it from 
 Chingferd St. Paul ; which was an- 
 other manor here, given by Edward 
 the Confef. to the Ch. of St. Paul 
 Londcn. Here was lately the feat of 
 Mr. Bocthby. 
 
 CH INNER, (Oxford.) 2 m. N. of 
 Stokenchurch, where the Roman 
 way, called Ickeni Id-Street, enters 
 this Co. was, in the R. of Hen. VI. 
 the eftate of Feners Earl of Derby. 
 
 CH ISNOC K, E. W. and Mi DD L E, 
 (Som.) lie all together, bet. Crew- 
 kerne and Yeovil. The two lair, were, 
 intheR.ofEdw.IV.theLps. of Hum. 
 Stafford Earl of Devon ; but paffed af- 
 terwards by marriage to other families. 
 At E. Chinnock there is a fait fpring, 
 though 'tis 20 m. from the fea. 
 
 CHIPCHASE, and its Hall, (Nor- 
 tbumb.} on the N. Tyne, a member 
 of the manor cf Prudhow, or Puidco, 
 was formerly the Umfraviils, and 
 Jisd a fort;. Thence it parted to the 
 
 C H 
 
 Herons, who reSded here a long 
 time ; and it was lately the feat of 
 Sir John Heron, Bt. as it is now of 
 Sir Henry Heron. 
 
 C H i p p E N H A M, (Camb.) near 
 Newmarket, was the feat of Ruiiel 
 late Earl of Orford, and now of tl,e 
 Ld. Sandys ; and has a ch. fc. 
 
 3f. CHITPTENHAM, (Wiltt) has a 
 bridge of 16 arches over the Avon, 
 77 cm. 94 mm. from Londcn, is a 
 large, populous, well-built T. the 
 feat of Alfred, and other W. Saxon 
 Ks. After the Conqueft, it was the 
 manor of the Hungerfords, as it was 
 in the R. of Hen. VIII. tho' given 
 by Rich. III. to the D. of Norfolk. 
 'Twas an ancient Bor. by prefcrip- 
 tion j but the popifli Q^Mary granted 
 it a charter, conftituting it a corp. 
 with a bailiff and 12 bnrgefies. It 
 has fent members to Pt. as long as 
 any Bor. and with as few intermif- 
 fions. Its chief mf. is cloth, but its 
 main fuppcrt are its Mt. on 5, and 
 its thoroughfare betw. Lcacoii and 
 Brifbol, for carriers and horfemcn. One 
 of ths Hungerfords, who is fuppofed 
 to have creeled, or at leaft beauti- 
 fied the Ch. built a chapel, in 
 which he founded a chantry, by li- 
 cence of Hen .VI. which is, to this 
 day, called Hungerford's-Chapel. A 
 ch. fc. was opened here in 1713, 
 for 24 boys. At Weftmead, in the 
 neighbourhood, are frequent hcrfe- 
 races. The wardenfhip of Chippen- 
 ham foreft was formerly given to 
 Lcs. of the firft rank. The Fjirs 
 here are May 6, June u, Gel. iS, 
 
 EHu N.--J. 30. 
 
 S^CHIPPING-NORTOX, (Oxf.) 
 59 cm. 76 mm. fr^m London, i 
 fuppofed, from its name, a corrup- 
 tion of the Saxon word Cheaper, to 
 have been a Mt. in the time of 
 Saxons, and, from the names of the 
 merchants buried in its Ch. to have 
 been once a T. of great trade. It 
 fent burgefies to Pt. once in the R. 
 of Edw. I. and twice in that of 
 Edw. III. but never fince. 'Tis a 
 corp. governed by 2 bailiffs, &c . who 
 hear
 
 C H 
 
 C H 
 
 hear and determine actions under 4 /. which is fuppofed to have been a 
 
 Roman coins are frequently found fence raifed by the Romans, from iu 
 
 here ; and by the Ch. there are form, and their coins found here, 
 
 marks of a caftle. Its Mt. is on W. CHIRBURY, (Salop) i m. N. E. 
 
 Fair? Feb. 22, April 25, J"fy 7, of Montgomery, near the Severn, 
 
 Aug. I and 24, Of}. 28, the lift F. was, in "the R. of Edw. III. the 
 
 in May, and the W, before and after eltate of Mortimer Eirl of March j 
 
 Midfunmer. The manor was for- but, for want of ifTue-male in that 
 
 merly in the family of the Fitz-Alans family, pafTcd to Rich. D. of York. 
 
 Earls of Arundel. In the R. of Here was a caftle, fuppofed to have 
 
 Hen. VI. it was the Earl of Oxford's; be^n built by ^Ethelfieda, a lady of 
 
 but being afterwards, forfeited to the 
 crown, K. Edw. IV. gave it to hi 
 
 the Mercians. Ever finca the R. of 
 Cha. I. it has given title of Baron 
 
 brother Rich. D. of Glofter. In or to the family of Herbert ; oniy, 
 near this p, almoft within the fmoak for want of iffue, it lay dormant, 
 of Long-Compton, is that ancient from the R. of K. James II. till his 
 monument called Rollrich-Stones ; prefent Majefty conferred it on Henry 
 as to which, we leave the curious to Arthur Herbert of Oakley- Park, now 
 confult Camden and Dr. Plot. Here Earl of Powis, who has a feat here, 
 was once a chantry, and, as Speed Here was once a mon. 
 fays, a mon. On Chapel-Heath, near CHISLEHURST, (Kent} near 
 it, are annual horfe-races. Eltham, in vvhcfe Ch. lies the fa- 
 
 J^ 3 CHIPPING-ONGAR, (EJ/ex) mily of the Walfinghams, who re- 
 2.0 m. from London. It was for- fided in this p. for feveral genera- 
 merly the manor of Rich. Lucy, tions ; and here Mr. Camden com- 
 (Protedlor of England in the abfence pofcd the greateft part of his Annals 
 of Hen. II. in Normandy) who built of Q-_Eliz. 
 
 a Ch. and caftle here, to which he C H i T w o o D, or CHETWOOD, 
 added fortifications, mod of which (Bucks] not far from Buckingham, 
 are ftill to be feen 5 and procured a in the road from it to Oxford, had 
 Mt. here, with a Fair. Here are formerly an hermitage, and after- 
 2 ch. fc. for 26 boys and 12 girls, wards a priory ; and was lately the 
 The Mt. was formerly on Tu. now fe.it of Sir John Chetwocd. 
 on S. The manor was alienated from CHIVING TON, E. and W. (Hsr- 
 the Lucys, firft to Sir John Sutton tlamb.} near Widdrington -Caftle, for- 
 of Wivenhce ; then to the Staftbrds, merly the manor of the Lds. Lumley. 
 Morrices, Grevils and Whitmores ; CHOLMONDELEY, (Cbefi.) 301. 
 and then to Tho. Goldfborough, Efq; from Malpas, to the N. E. gives 
 who new-modelled, and even im- both name and title of Earl, as Mai- 
 proved, the fine houfe, which Mr. pas does the title of Vifccunt to the 
 James Morrice, Ld. of the manor in Earl of Cholmcndeiey ; it appears, 
 the R. of Qj_Eliz. built upon the by deeds in his pofleiTion, that the 
 hill, on the ruins of the caftle, which, name of it has been writ 25 different 
 by reafon of its lofty fituntion and ways. The r. Weever is joined near 
 pleafant walks, became one of the this place, by a Jtream irom Ccm- 
 lineft feats in the Co. bermeer. 
 
 CHIPPING-WARDEN, (North- ^ CHRISTCHURCH, (Ham^Jh.} 
 amp.) on the r. Charwell, not far 80 cm. 100 mm. from London, is a 
 from Banbury, in the road to Da- large populous Bor. at the confiux of 
 ventrv, is fuppofed to have been anci- the Avon and Stour, and was there- 
 ently a Mt. T. Wallow-Bank, at the fore anciently called Twinambourne, 
 N. end of it, is an earthen rampire, Here w as a caftle built, in the R. 
 whereof a fmail part ftill remains, of Hen. I. of which, in the R. of 
 
 dw.
 
 C H 
 
 TO 
 
 C I 
 
 Edw. IV. Thomas de Weft, anceftor 
 of the Ld, Dclawar, was governor. 
 There was alfo a collegiate Ch. here, 
 firft built in the time of the Saxcns, 
 then called Trinity, and afterwards 
 Chrift -Church. This Bor. is go- 
 verned by a mayor, aid. recorder, 
 bailiffs, and C. C. and here are of- 
 ficers employed to prevent fmuggling. 
 *Tis faid to have had its firft grants 
 and privileges, in the R. of K. Ste- 
 phen, from Richard de Ridvers, the 
 firft Earl of Devon, whofe portrai- 
 ture is the T. feal. Its chief mf. is 
 filk flocklngs and glo\es. The r. 
 Avon, which falls here into the Tea, 
 was made navigable to it from Saiif- 
 bury, about anno 1680. Its Mt. is 
 en M. and its Fairs 1b. fennight after 
 Wbitftr.day, and Off, 6. 
 
 > CKUDLEIGH, (De-van.} near 
 the r. Teign, 146 cm. 182 mm. 
 from London, is noted particularly 
 for giving title of Barcn to the ruble 
 family of Clifford, ever fince the R. 
 of Cha. II. The Bps. of Exeter had 
 a ftirr.ptucus feat here, before the 
 Ref. it being built by one of them, 
 in the R. of Edw. III. as his will 
 fays, " That his fuccefibrs might 
 "have a place to lay their heads in, 
 " if the K. ihould fcize the tempo- 
 " ralities," During their refidence 
 here, they p rchafed it a Mt. on 5. 
 and Fairs on Eaf:c,--M. Tn. and W. 
 St. Barr.ckas, and St. Martin. 
 
 CHURCHILL, (Scm.) to the S. W. 
 of Wrintcn, is a chapel to Banweil. 
 Its ancient Lds. the anctTtors of the 
 L-.-.e victorious D. of Marlborough, 
 took their name from it. 
 
 (t^> C H U R C H -S T R E T T O K, 
 
 (Saitj>) 112 cm. 130 mm. from Lon- 
 don, 65 cm. 91 one half mm. from 
 Brif.ol, in the rcsd to Weft-Chefler, 
 has a good corn Mt. on T&. rnd Fairs 
 Marti) 2 5, May 7, and Sept. S. 
 
 # C ! R >. K c E s T E R , (Gloc -.) 63 cm. 
 % 5 rrm. ficm Lcndcn, and 20 m. but 
 bad road, from Lrnfcowr, is com- 
 monly called Cicefier, and by feme 
 reckoned the largr ft, as well as the 
 cMeft, T. in the Co. 'Tis fa;d to have 
 
 been huilt by Cifla, one of the Saxom 
 vice-roys. It was of great note, both 
 under the Romans and Saxcns, of 
 whom it is faid, the latter built 
 the abbey here, of which tv.o o:d 
 gate-houfes ftill remain. Its abbot 
 was mitred. K. Canute the Dane 
 held a general council here, anno 
 1020 It was formerly 2 m. round, 
 but fufFered fo much by the Danes, 
 the B-icns wars, the civil war, &c. 
 that not above one 4th of that com. 
 is no%v inhabited. It had alfo 3 p. 
 Chs. and now but one. 'Tis, how- 
 ever. a poft T. and maintains a 
 ilage-coach to London. It has its 
 name from the r. Churn, that pafles 
 by it towards the Thames, and the 
 word Ceflre, i. e. caflle ; it having 
 been fortified by the Remans, and is 
 the Corinium of Ptolcmey, and the 
 Durocornovium cf Antoninus. Two 
 of the Roman confular ways crofs 
 each other here, one of which is ftill 
 vifible, with a high ridge as far as 
 Birdlip-Hill ; the other nans to Crick- 
 lads and Kewbury. K. Hen. III. 
 took its caftie from the Barons, and 
 dfmcL/hed it. Hen. IV. gave it a 
 charter and feveral privileges, and 
 Qi Eliz. in whofe R. it firft fent 
 members to Pt. gave them another, 
 by which it was incorporated, with 
 a fleward and bail.ff; but 'tis now 
 governed by 2 high-tor.ftables, and 
 
 14 wardfmen over the 7 wards, ap- 
 pointed year'y at the court-ket. It 
 has Mts. on M. for corn, and on F. 
 
 one of the greateft in the Km. for 
 wool, the principal rr.f. tha: is car- 
 ried on here, there having been no 
 lefs than 5000 packs brought hither 
 in feme years, from Leicertcifnire, 
 North, ropton/hire and Lincolnshire, 
 and fold, for moft part, to the clo- 
 thiers of this Co. and Wilts ; and 
 the weeks before Palm-Sunday and 
 BartbolaiHfw-day are confiderable 
 Fairs for cloth. It has 3 other Fairs, 
 Eaftcr-Tu. July 7, and Off. 28. It 
 is obferved, that in this T. the firft 
 aft of rebellion was committed in 
 1641, and that here was the firft 
 blood
 
 C L 
 
 C L 
 
 Uood flied at the revolution in 1688. 
 The Ch. has z8 windows of painted 
 glafs, reprefenting fcripture hiftory, 
 and the fathers, martyrs and perfecu- 
 tors of the chriftian religion. The 
 foundation of the old wall is vifible 
 in many places j and antiquities, ef- 
 pecially Roman, are dug up here every 
 day, as was a fine.mofaic pavement 
 in the year 1723, with many coins. 
 K. Edvv. II. granted this manor to his 
 brother Edmund of Woodftock; from 
 whom it came to the Earls of Kent 
 and D:\nby, the Seymours and Pools ; 
 which laft fold it to Sir Ben. Bathurft, 
 v hofe dafcendant, the prelent Ld. Ba- 
 thurft, has a houfe here, that was built 
 by the E. ofDanby. K. Rich. I. an- 
 nexed the jurifdiclion of 7 Hs. to its 
 abbey, which was lately veiled in Sir 
 Rob. Atkins of Sapertcn. The fcite 
 of the abbey was granted by Q^Eliz. 
 to her phyfician Rich. Mailer, whofe 
 cefcendantTho. Mafter, Efq; thepre- 
 fent owner, has a fine houfe en the 
 fpot. Here are feveral hofs. and 
 zlmflis. befides a fr. fc. and ch. fc. 
 
 CLACKTON, GREAT and LIT- 
 TLE, [E/cx] to the E. of Merfey- 
 liland, near St. Ofithe, formerly bel. 
 to its abbey, and afterwards to the 
 Lds. Darcy; from whom they def- 
 ccnded to the Savages Es. of Rivers. 
 The Bps. of London had once a houfe 
 and park here. 
 
 CLANDON-EAST, (Surry} lies to 
 the N. E. of Guilford, about 22 m. 
 from London ; and was anciently the 
 ti: ite of Gerard, Ld. Aungier, of the 
 Km. of Ireland, who had both a houfe 
 and park here, and whofe family lies 
 buried in the Ch. Weft-Clandon, 
 about am. from Guilford, is the ma- 
 nor of Ld. Onflow, whofe title is Ld. 
 Onflow, of Onflow and Clandcn, and 
 whofe feat is near the Ch. ^ The Ch. 
 v^as fo old and decayed, that it fell 
 dowu in 1716, but has been rebuilt 
 Cnce by the panfhioners. 
 
 (5 CLARE, (/.) on the r.Stour, 
 14 m. from St. Edmundfbury, 50 cm. 
 6 1 mm. from London, gives the title 
 f Vifc. E. and Mar<j. t the D, of 
 
 NewcafUe. Here are the ruins of a 
 caftle and mon. It has a fine large 
 Ch. but is a little, poor, dirty placs, 
 the ftreets being unpaved ; yet it ha 
 a mf. of fays j and the civil and fpi- 
 ritaal courts aie held at it. The Mr., 
 is on F. and Fairs Apr. 7, July 2,6. 
 
 CLARENDON-PARK, (#^/n) 3m. 
 on the E. fide of Salifbury, has the 
 footfteps of two royal palaces, built by 
 K. John, called the K's. manor and 
 the <_s. manor j betwixt which wa 
 a fubterraneous paffage j and it ha 
 20 groves, each of them I m. in coin, 
 A Pt. was held here in the R. of 
 Hen. II. and another was fummoned 
 hither by Edw. II. In the R. of 
 Ch. II. it gave title of E. to Ld. Cha. 
 Hyde, as it has done fince to his fa- 
 mily. Betwixt this park, and a Ro- 
 man camp half a m. off, lay a Roman 
 road, from Old-Sarum to Winchester. 
 
 CL AVER lt*G,(E/ex} near Safrron- 
 Walden and the fource of the r. Storr, 
 was lately, if it be not ftill, in the 
 hands of the Barringtons of Hatfield- 
 Regis and is the capital of the H. t 
 which it gives name. 
 
 CLAXTON, (Norf.} on the Yare, 
 near Thurfton, and the road from 
 Loddon to Yarmouth, bel. formerly 
 to the Kerdeftons j one of whom ob- 
 tained a Mt. for it on M. fince 
 difufed, and a Fair at Midfummer, 
 for 5 days ; with a licenfe to turn 
 his manor-houfe into a caftle. IB 
 the R. of Hen. VI. it pafled to the Es. 
 of Suffolk, from whom Charks Bran- 
 don, D. of Suffolk, had it. K. Hen. 
 VIII. granted it to Tho. Howard j 
 and Q._Mary to Edward, Ld. North, 
 who fold it to J^hn Throgmorton, 
 and his heirs ; of whom it was pur- 
 chafed by Sir Tho. Gawdy, Ld. Ch. 
 Juf. of the common pleas, who, find- 
 ingan old ruined caftle, partly rebuilt it. 
 
 J^ CLAY, (Norf.) 8m. from 
 Wallingham, and 95 cm. 115 mm. 
 from London, near the road from 
 Lynn to Harwich, is a port, with large 
 fait works ; from whence .fait is knt 
 all over the country, and fometimoB 
 to Holland, and the Baltic, It has 
 M .
 
 C L C L 
 
 a Mt. on S. and a Fair on St. Mar- clammy, that it is a proverb here, 
 garet'i-day. " Cleveland in the clay, bring in two 
 
 CLAY-HILL, or BRO-WN-CLEZ- " Coles, but carry one away." This 
 HILL, (Salop) on the N. bank of place has given title of E. to the 
 the r. Temd, bet. Clee-St.-Marga- Wentvvorth family, "and of D. to the 
 ret and North-Clebury, produces the natural iflue of K. Ch. II. 
 fceft pit-coal, has fome veins of iron,and CLEYBROOK, GREAT and LIT- 
 certain remains of an ancient camp. TLE, (Leic.) on the N. W. fide of 
 g^P CJ,EBURY, (Salop] nearClee- Lutterworth, fuppofed, by the inha- 
 Hill, on the N. fide of the Temd, 98 bitants, to have been a part of Clay- 
 cm. iiStrmi. from London, has a cefter, i m. from it to the W. which 
 Mt. on W. 'Tis called North-Cle- was once a flourishing city of the Ro- 
 bury and Clebury-Mortimers, not only mans, whofe bricks and coins have 
 to diftinguilh it from Clebury, on the often been found here. Sir Will. Dug- 
 fa, of Worcefterihire, but, becaufe its dale obferves, that the earth, fo far as 
 ancient Lds. were the Mortimers ; the city extended, is of a darker co- 
 cne of whom built a caftle here, which lour than the reft about it; and fo 
 was taken and demoliihed by K. Hen. rich, that it has been ufed by the huf- 
 II. againft whcm he had fortified and bandmen in the neighbourhood to 
 maintained it, in favour of K. Step's, manure their lands. The Talbots Es. 
 heirs. The manor however conti- ofShrewfbury had lands once in this p. 
 nued in the family, till the R. of CLEYDOTJ, (Oxf.) a little above 
 Eckv.1V. whenit paffed to the crown. Clatercote, is the moft N. village of 
 CLENT, (Staff.} z m. from Stour- the Co. and noted for having a fpring 
 bridge, Hands in a fine, dry, health- in one of the ftreets, which flows all 
 ful, fporting country, on the b. of the year round, tut moft plentifully 
 Worcefterfliire. In the R. of Ed w. in the drieft weather ; and for produ- 
 IV. this manor was in the pofiefiian cmg great plenty of that called the 
 of James Botekr, E. of Wiltshire, of pyrites-aurci:?, or golden fire-ftonej 
 the Ormend family. and alfo the afteria, or ftar-ftone. 
 
 CLEVE-PEPPER, (in N. Wilts.} CLEY-HALL, (War.) not far from 
 ^m. from Wotton-Bafiet, is often Kineton was anciently called Ful- 
 alfo by the vulgar called White-Cleve; wood, and bel. to a family of that 
 though its true name is Cliffe-Pypard, name ; one of whofe defcendants fold 
 from a Cliff, or rock, and a court it, in the R. of Q._E!iz. to Tho. 
 kept there, by the name of Pypard. Grefwould, whofe executors fold it to 
 This town ftands at the foot of hills, Tho. Spooner ; and his grandfon con- 
 that ran along the north fide of veyed it to And. Archer, of Tam- 
 the Vale of White-Hcrfe. Here is worth ; in whofe posterity it remains, 
 a hill of ftone, which is as white as unlefs lately alienated. 
 chalk, but much harder; and is of CLTEFDEN,'(^C^J) 5m. N. W. 
 great ufe, for paving and tui!din, be- ofWindfor, has a noble feat of the 
 >ng very duracle, if kept dry. In the Pr. of Wales, which was the late E. 
 Ch.thaearezftEfjescf-t ; and there of Orkney's, who purchafed it of the 
 have been carnrs of uhole ftone dug executors of Villars, D. of Bucking- 
 p in theCh. yard, which fecm how- ham, by whcm it was built, 
 evertooeoffiee-ftone. Thethiefbu- CL-IFF, (Kent) fituate on a cliff 
 finefs here is their dairies.. below Gravefend ; formerly called 
 
 Cj.EVELANtJ,j;?V*.N'.R.)onthe Bps. ClifF, or Clift" at Hoo, it being 
 t. of Durham, is fometimes written in the bailiwic of Hoo. The manor 
 Clitiland, from the many rocks and -bel. before the Ref. to the mon. of 
 yrecipices in this tracl ; at the bot- Chrift-Church in Canterbury ; after 
 uw of whith, the foil is ip fliff and vhi.ch K. Hen, VIII. difpcfe'd of it to 
 
 Ceo.
 
 CL 
 
 C " 
 
 Geo. Brook, Ld. Cobham, in whofe 
 family it remained in 1643. 'Tis a 
 pretty large T. and has a Fair Off. 8. 
 
 f^ CL l F F- Kl N G' s, (Nortbamf.) 
 59 tm. 7 1 m. from London, has a Mt. 
 on TII. and a Fair Apr. 23. K. Hen. 
 VIII. had a park here, of which he 
 made David Cecil, Ld. Burghley's 
 anceftor, keeper. 
 
 CLIFT oti,(Nott.) near the Trent, 
 S. W. of Nottingham, feat of Sir 
 Gervafe Clifton j in whofe family it 
 has remained above 600 years. 
 
 CLIFTON, {Wtftm.} 3m. from 
 Penrith, in the road from Shap, is 
 noted for a fmart action in the late re- 
 bellion ; wherein the rebels were drove 
 out of their advantageous pofts here by 
 the troops under the D. of Cumberland. 
 
 Burton upon Trent, was, from the R. 
 of K. John to Rich. II. the Lp. of the 
 Canvils, then of the Stanleys ; and not 
 long ago of the Henninghams. 'Tis 
 now the feat of the Rev. Sir Rob. 
 Pye, Bt. 
 
 CLIFTON-MALBANK, (Dorfct.) 
 on the r. Ivel, below Sherborn, op- 
 pofite to Yeovil in Scmerfedhire, was 
 formerly the manor and feat of the 
 Malbanks ; from whom it defcended 
 to the Horfeys, who fold it to the 
 Heles j from whom it went afterwards, 
 by purchafe, to the Harveys. 
 
 CLIFTONS, N.andS. (Netting.) 
 on the Trent, bet. Normr.nton and 
 Tiiorney, had 5 manors, which were 
 formerly in the families of Figgot and 
 Willoughby; and in the R. of Q._ 
 Eliz. came to Auguftin Earl, Efq. 
 
 CLIPSTON, (Natt.). in the p. of 
 Plumbtree, be!, anciently to the Bing- 
 h.ims, and then to the Rempftons ; 
 from whom it was purchafed by the 
 Pierpoints, anceftors of the prefent D. 
 of Kingfton. Here it was, that the 
 K. of Scots met and congratulated K.. 
 Rich. I. on his return from the Holy 
 Land. 
 
 CLIPSTON-KING'S, (Nstt.) in 
 the p. Edeneftow, on the N. fide cf 
 Lyndhurft-Wood, bet. Allerton and 
 Mansfield, had a royal palace before 
 
 the R. of K., John ; who made a park 
 to it, which had many ftately oaks, 
 that were cut down and fold in the 
 civil wars ; and there is fcarce any re- 
 mains, of the palace to be feen. K 
 Cha. I. conveyed the manor to th 
 feoftees of Gilbert E,of Shrwlburyj 
 but it is now, or lately was, the Lp. 
 of the D. of Newcaftle. Th T. was 
 burnt, and repaired again, in the R 
 of Hen. III. The huntfmen of this 
 place, being denied pafture in the foil 
 of the park, after it was inclofed, ha* 
 common of pallure allowed them by 
 K. Edw. III. in the K's- hay of 
 Berkeland, for all forts of cattle, ex- 
 cept goats j together with Fugeria 
 and Folia, which the foreft boolc 
 calls gorfte grafs and leaf in the faid 
 park, paying 13*. 4 d. a year, 
 
 CL isT-BisHOPS, or S-ACKVIL, 
 Ci.isT-HoNiTON r CLIST-ST 
 GEORGE, and CLIST-ST.-MAR v, 
 (Devon.) are 4 villages on the E. and 
 S. E. fide of Exeter, which take their 
 name from the r. Clift. The firft 
 was the eftate of Sir Ralph- Sackvillc j 
 who, going to the Holy-Land, mort- 
 gaged it to the Bp. of Exeter, who be- 
 gan (lately buildings, and laid out fo 
 much money on it, that he got it fct 
 himfeif,and fuccefibrs ; one of whom, 
 Bp. Veyfey, gave it to the E. of Bed* 
 ford. Clift-St.-George, fo called from 
 the dedication of its Ch. was of old 
 the eftate of theChampernouns ; by 
 a daughter of whom it came to Sir 
 John Herle. In this p.. hath dwelt a 
 family, called Suckbitch, ever fince 
 the conqueft. Clift-St.Mary's, which 
 lies bet. the z juA mentioned r is ther 
 place where the Pt.-forces barricaded 
 themfelves againft the royalifts, by 
 laying great trees crofs the way, and 
 planting ordnance,which they brought 
 from Topfliam. 
 
 CLIST-BROAH, is another village 
 on the N. E. fide of Exeter j and be- 
 yond it, in the fame line, are St.- 
 Lawrence Clift and Clift-Heydon, juft 
 by one another. At the latter is a 
 ch. fc. This was the manor of the 
 late Fian. Hewilh, Efq. 
 
 M 2, #CLi.
 
 C L 
 
 TO 
 
 C O 
 
 ift CtrTMrRO, (Lane.} 158 cm. 
 307 mm. from London, ftands with 
 its ruinous caftle, built by the Lacys, 
 tt the bottom of Pendie-Hill, near 
 the fource of the Kibble. "Tis nn an- 
 sient Bor. by prefcription, but has fe 
 ireral charters from K. Hen. II. and 
 ethers j and is governed by 2 bailiffs. 
 On the adjacent Moor are frequent 
 horfe-races. It has n Mt. on 5. and 
 Fairs Mar. 25, July 2;, and AW. 1 1. 
 
 CLOPTON, (War.} on the N. fide 
 of Stratford upon Avon, of which it 
 v.'as originally a member, Was inha- 
 bited by the Cloptons before they firft 
 owned it, which was in the R. cf 
 Hen. III. In the laft century, it carne 
 to 2 fifters, ccheireffes ; one of whom 
 \vss married to Sir Geo. Care vv. whom 
 K. Jam. I. created baron Carew of 
 Clopton. Here was formerly a colle- 
 giats Ch. and the college is ftill ftand- 
 ing ; in the chancel whereof lies the 
 famous Will. Shakefpear, who has 
 immortalized fcis memory by his 48 
 plays. 
 
 CLOVELLY, (Devon.") on the E. 
 fide of Hartland-Point, a harbour the 
 mcft noted in thefe parts for the her- 
 ring fi/hery. 'Tis fecured by a pier, 
 creeled by Geo. Cary, Efq; whofe fa- 
 mily have had their feat here ever 
 iince the R. of K. Rich. II. when Sir 
 John Cary bought the manor of the 
 heirs cf the Giffards. 
 
 CLUN, (Salop) which takes its 
 name from its r. Colun, ftands on the 
 S. fide of Bifhcps-Caftle ; and bel. 
 formerly to theFitz-Alans, afterwards 
 Es. of Arundel, and Lds. of the Mar- 
 ches ; one of whom built a caftle here, 
 to awe the Welfli. Here was for- 
 merly a chantry. 
 
 COATES, (dec.') a hamlet of 
 Wlnchcomb, to whofe abbey it for- 
 merly bel. but was lately the efiate of 
 Mr. o. binfon of Chefhunt in Hart- 
 fori fhire. 
 
 COBHAM, orCnnBHAM, (Surry) 
 4m. S. from Windfcr, on a rivulet 
 that run? from Bag/hot to the Thames, 
 near Chertfey. The manor, which 
 eonfifts of 500 acres, bei. foj rnerly to 
 
 its abbey ; but was purchafed by K. 
 Hen. VlIIi and, with feme other 
 lands, turned into a park. Hif d.iiivh- 
 ter, Q._M3ry, fold it for 3000 !. to Or. 
 Heath, Abp. of York ; after whr^ 
 death, it pa(Fed to his neareft kinf- 
 iT>an Tho. Hfaih. Hew long he kept 
 it, we know nrt ; nor how it carrte 
 into the hands of K. Jam. I. who 
 granted it to the family ot Zcurh. Tf-e 
 reverfion of if, bfir.g in the irrvn, 
 was, by K.Ch. II. gmr'evi to the D f *. 
 of Cleveland, and her ifl\:e by him ; 
 but it was, fome year? ago, the- efts'* 
 of Sir Frnr. Lev. At the mv.nr.r- 
 houfe, whicl; ftrnds inC<-Mi?m-P=rk, 
 there was a chapel, in thr tii-.f of the 
 abovementiorted Abp. The pnrifnlo- 
 ners pay no tithe -hay, but a cotrri fi- 
 tion only of I </. nn acre, whii h is cal- 
 led Mead Silver ; and v.-us fettled ?t 
 firft, in ccnfideration of feeding the 
 Abp'?. deer. In the heath in this p. 
 is that, called Gracious- Pond, above 
 1 m. round, flocked \Vith excellent 
 carp, which was made by the abbot 
 of Chertfey (in the R. of K. Edw. 
 III.) who alfo erefted a mill here, 
 and planted a coppice, called South- 
 Moor. Here are z great ditches, 10 
 foot deep at leaft, extending crofs the 
 road, at the E. and W. ends of the T. 
 fuppofed to have been made in old 
 time, for defence cf feme army ; and 
 in the Ch. was a chantry, to which 
 bel. fome lands and houfes, called 
 Free-Barns. Here is a ch. fc. and a 
 Fair on Afcenfivn-day, 
 
 COB HAM-HALL, (Kent) on the 
 W. fide of Rochefter, was the ancient 
 feat and manor of the Cobhams j 
 whofe family expiring in an heirefs, 
 fhe carried the eftate, with the title 
 of Ld. Ccbham, to the family of 
 Brook of Devonfhire ; one of whom 
 obtained a grant of a Mt. and Fair 
 here, both now difufed ; but Henry-, 
 Ld. Brook, forfeiting it to the crown 
 by treafon againft Hen. VI. the ma- 
 nor Aas granted, with other parts of 
 his eftate, to Lodowick, D. of Lenor. 
 It had a college in the times of po- 
 pery 5 and, as it formerly gave title
 
 c o 
 
 CO 
 
 on to Sir John Oldcaftle, it fince 
 gave titles of Baron and Vifc. to the 
 late Sir W. Temple ; and was the feat 
 of the Baronet's Cliftun, as it is now 
 of Earl Darnley ; it being a handfome 
 brick liouie, built by Inigo Jones, 
 and noted for the excellent marble 
 chimney-pieces in moft of the rooms. 
 
 yfc C o c K F. R M o v T H, (Climb.) 
 10 m. from Whitehaven, 20 from 
 Carlillc, 226 cm. 267 mm. from 
 London, is almoft furrounded with 
 the Cokar and Derwent, the former 
 pf which divides it into two parts, 
 that communicate by good ftone 
 bridges. 'Tis a populous trading T. 
 with a harbour for veftels of good 
 burden, and a caftle, moftly in ruins, 
 which bel. formerly to the Earls of 
 Northumberland, and fince to the 
 D. of Somerfet, in right of his firft 
 Dutchefs, the only heirefs of the 
 Piercys. 'Tis a neat built T. bet. 
 a hills, on one of which is the caftle, 
 and on the other the Ch* The D. of 
 Somerfet's auditor keeps a court here 
 twice a year, and his bailiff" has the 
 only apartment habitable in the caftle, 
 with barns and ftablcs. The chief 
 magiftrate here is a bailiff, chofe 
 yearly at the D. of Somerfet's courts, 
 by a jury of 1 6 burghers. It was re- 
 prefeated in Pt. once in the R. of 
 Edw..I. and once again in that of 
 Edw. IH. but not afterwards, till 
 1640. The Mt. is on M. and the 
 Fairs on JVbitfon-M. and Michaelmas- 
 day. The Ch. which was firft built 
 by the Lucys, in the R. of Edw. III. 
 was entirely rebuilt from the ground, 
 all but the tower, in 1711, by virtue 
 of a brief. Here was formerly a 
 chr.ntrv. 
 
 i:ccKFiELD,(5jf.)ontheN.W. 
 fiue of BiWefton, formerly the Lp. of 
 the Veres Earls of Oxford, and fince 
 the feat of Sir Cha. Blois, Bt. 'Tis 
 faiu that one of the firft meetings of 
 Preftyterians was fet up here, in the 
 R. of Q._Eliz. 
 
 COCKINGTON, ( Devon. ) 2 m. 
 from Torbay, where once flouriflied 
 the Carys, anceitors of th Barons 
 
 Hunfdon, and of the families of the 
 late Earls of Dover and Monmouth. 
 
 CODBARROW, (Warw.) not f ; r 
 from Kington, a very old feat, with 
 a moat round it, bel. to the Mont- 
 forts in the R. of Edw. III. which 
 was fold long afterwards to Simcn 
 Archer of Tamworth ; whole de- 
 fendants did lately, if they do net 
 Hill, enjoy it. 
 
 CODDINGT ON, ( Notting, ) near 
 Newark, of note for the large mocr 
 near it, on which there ufed to be 
 annual horfe-races for a plate given 
 by the mayor and aid. of Newark ;. 
 and here was formerly a chantry. 
 
 CODFORD ST. MARY and ST\ 
 PETER, (Wilt*) which has a bridge 
 over the Willyburn, bet. Upton and 
 Bad!;ampton, was, in- the R. of 
 Edw. I. the eftate of the GifFards 3 
 and being forfeited in the next, was 
 given, by Edw. III. to Maurice Ld. 
 Berkley ; from whofe family it paffed- 
 to that of Ld. Cobham 5 but, in the 
 R. of Hen. VI. we find Ld, Hunger^ 
 ford pofleffed of it. 
 
 CODGRAVE, (Nclt.) S. W. Of 
 
 Bingham, near the road to Leicefter,. 
 has a Ch. divided into % rectories, 
 both in the patronage of the Pier- 
 points j ar>d the D. of Kingfton keeps 
 a court here ; and it war lately, if it 
 be not ftill, the refidence of the 
 Whites, Q-_Mary having granted the 
 manor to Tho. White and his heirs. 
 
 CODNOR-CAST.LB, (Derby.) on 
 the r.-Erwafli, near Alfreton, bel. 
 formerly to the Grays, who were, 
 from thence ftiled Lds. Gray of Cod. 
 nor. 
 
 COTJSAL, (Staff.) on the b. of 
 Shropshire, near the royal oak, is 
 noted for a fulphurous well, with a 
 mixture of fait, whofe water was an- 
 ciently counted a fovereign remedy 
 for leprofies, and is ufed at prefent, 
 both by man and beaft^ againft cu- 
 taneous difeafes ; fo that many of 
 the inh..boil their meat and brew 
 with it. 
 
 COG EN HO o, (NortLamp.) on the 
 
 E, fide of Clifford-Hill, where have 
 
 M 3 been
 
 c o 
 
 feren found feme Roman coins, and 
 n family urn. 
 
 COGGES, (Oxford] nearWitney, 
 the head of the barony of the D' Ar- 
 fies, who founded a mon. here ; 
 after which, it came to Francis 
 Ld. Lovel, who forfeited it to the 
 crown by high-treafon, in the R. of 
 Hen. VII. 
 
 (E^COG G ES H A L L, (.E^I*) 36 cm. 
 
 47 mm. from London, ftands on the 
 r. Blackwater, where is a mf. of 
 bays and fays ; but not near fo con- 
 fiderable as formerly , when one 
 Guyon, that lies under a marble tomb 
 in th iCh. got 100,000 /. by it. 
 Her . i:a Mt. on 5. and Fair on 
 mitfan-Tu. and W. A family of 
 the fame name flourifhed here once, 
 of which feveral were Sheriffs of Ef- 
 fex and Hertford/hire, and from 
 which defcended the Tyrrels. 
 
 At Li T TLE-COGGE S MALI, 
 
 S. E. of the former, but on the other 
 fide of the r. K. Stephen founded an 
 abbey, the fire of which, K. Hen. VIII. 
 gave to Sir Tho. Seymour. This was 
 once a diftindt p. till united to the 
 former. 
 
 COKENEY, (Nott.) on the S. fide 
 rf Welbeck-Abbey, formerly bel. to 
 the Faukonbergs, who held this ma- 
 nor by ferjeanty, to fhce the K's. 
 horfe when he came to Mansfield, 
 and procured a Mt. and Fair here, 
 long fince difufed. He fettled the 
 manor upon Welbeck-Abbey ; but, 
 at the Ref. it was fold by the crown, 
 with all its hamlets, to Sir George 
 Pierpoint, whofe poiterity the Ds. of 
 Kingfton have enjoyed it ever fince. 
 
 COKEN-HATCH, (Hertf.) in the 
 p. and manor of Barkway, which 
 bel. formerly to the mon. of Roy- 
 4cn, but was granted by Hen. VIH. 
 to Edw. Chefter, Efq; and his heirs. 
 
 Cot AN-LiTTLE, (Cornwall) a- 
 jnong hills to the S. E. of Columb- 
 Minor, and S. W. of Columb-Major, 
 is alfo called St. Colon, and noted 
 for our Lady of Nants well, to which 
 people ufed to go to know their for- 
 tunes the year enfuing> 
 
 C O 
 
 %. COI.CHZSTER, (Efll'z} -13 cm, 
 58 mm. from I.ondon, is a large po- 
 pilous T. thro 1 which runs the r. 
 Coin, that alfo encompafies it on the 
 N. and E. fides, has 3 bridges over 
 it, and is navigable, by fmall craft, 
 up to the Hithe, where is a kay, 
 and for /hips of large burden to a 
 place within 3m. of it, where is a 
 cuftom-houfe, and a little lower it 
 may receive a royal navy. 'Tis prin- 
 cipally noted for the mf. of bays and 
 fays ; for the fupport of which, there 
 is a corp. called the governors of 
 Dutch-bay-hall, and officers to exa- 
 mine it ;' and 'tis faid to have re- 
 turned 30,000 /. a week, ready mo- 
 ney, formerly, for thole fluffs. Here 
 is a Guild, or, as they call it, a 
 Moot-hall, to which joins the T. 
 gaol. The place is about 3 m. ia 
 com. had anciently 15 and now 10 p. 
 Chs. 5 meeting-nouies, of which 2, 
 are for Quakers, befides a Dutch ?nd 
 a French Ch. 'Tis governed by a 
 mayor, high-fteward, recorder, or his 
 deputy, ii aid. a chamberlain, T. 
 clerk, 18 afiifhnts, and 18 C. C. 
 It is a liberty of itfelf, which has 
 4 wards, 8 ps. within the walls, and 
 8 without, and extends along the r. 
 as far as Merfey-Iiland, and certain 
 marks in the fca. It had anciently 
 a caftle, built by Edward the fon of 
 K. Alfred, and walls all round, of 
 which there are few marks left. It 
 had once many religious houfes, 
 which had Chs. and chapels, bel. 
 to them ; particularly an abbey, 
 (whereof only part of the gate-houfe 
 remains) whofe abbots fat in Pt. and 
 about 1 50 years ago, it was the See 
 of a Bp. It fuftained a long fiege by 
 the Pt. army, in the civil wars, tilt 
 it was reduced by famine : the bat- 
 tered walls, breaches in the turrets, 
 andtheruin'dChs.ftillfhew the marks 
 of the fiege. In the R. cf K. Cha. I. 
 it gave title of Vifc. to the Earl of 
 Rivers. From the abundance of 
 coins found here, *tis fuppofed to 
 have been anciently a Roman colony ; 
 and there was a military way that
 
 c o 
 
 c o 
 
 led from hence by Braintres, Dun- 
 mow, fiff. There is a particular 
 corp. here for maintaining the poor, 
 conlifting of the mayor and aid. and 
 48 guardians. Here are 2 gramnvir- 
 fcs. and z ch. fcs. befides a wcrk- 
 hon'e for the poor. Such a vaft 
 quantity of fprats are caught, and 
 confumed by the woollen manufac- 
 turers in thofe parts, that they are 
 called the weavers beef of Cokhefter. 
 In the T. and its liberty are reckon' d 
 40,000 people. The Mts. here are 
 on W. F. and 5. and the Fairs 
 June 24, July 22, Of}. 9 or 13, 
 This place is faid to have given birth 
 to Helena, the mother of Conftantine 
 the Great, ?nd Lucius the firft Chrif- 
 tian K. and, in memory of the crofs 
 fhs found here, the arms of the T. 
 is a crofs enragled bet. 4 crowns. 
 The founder of the abbey here built 
 St. Mary Magdalen's hof. on the 
 S. E. fide of the T. within its wall?, 
 fir lepers. It muft not be omitted, 
 that this place is of fpecial note for 
 candying eringo mots ; but much 
 more for its oyfters, which being 
 t iken at the mouth of the Cokhefter 
 water, and about the fand which 
 they call the Spits, are carried up to 
 Wyvenhoe, where they are laid in 
 beds, or pits, on the ihore, to feed, 
 as they call it, and then, being bar- 
 relled up, are brought to Cokhefter, 
 from whence they are fent in great 
 quantities to London, &c. 
 
 B^COLEBROOK, (Buck;} 15 cm. 
 >8 mm. from London, ftands on four 
 channels of the r. Coin, with a bridge 
 over each. Its principal fupport are 
 its great inns on the Bath road. The 
 Mt. is on W. and- Fair the 3d week 
 in April. Here is a ch. fc. and the 
 chapel is ftill in being, faid to have 
 been founded by Edw. HI. in which 
 there was a chantry. Part of this 
 T. is in Middlefex. 
 
 5^ > Coi.s:sHiLi.,(#'drw.) 82 cm. 
 103 mm. from London, ftands on the 
 afcent of a hill near the r. Cole, over 
 which it lias a ftone bridge. The 
 saanor be!, anciently to the Clintons, 
 
 from whofe family it came to fhe 
 Montfcrts ; one of whom forfeiting 
 it, and being executed, in the R. of 
 EtUv. IV. it was given by that K. ta 
 Simon Digby, whole defcendan r , Ro- 
 bert Ld. Digby, obtained a charter 
 of K. James I. for a Mt. here on W. 
 and Fairs on April 2$, and Sept. i.i, 
 its Mt. on Sunday, and its Fair 
 June 2-9, that were granted by K. 
 
 in, having been difcontinued. 
 re are z ch. fcs. and a piece of 
 land in the p. called Pater- nofter- 
 piece, given by one of the Digbys, to 
 encourage children to learn the Lord's 
 Prayer ; for every houfe-keeper in 
 the T. where is a child, fends it in 
 turn, one at a time, every morning 
 to the Ch. at the found of a bci) r 
 where kneeling, he fays the Lord's 
 Prayer before the under-mafter, who 
 rewards it with a penny. The Digbys 
 old feat and park, thro' which the r, 
 ferpentizes, lies in the valley ; ft> 
 that the fituation of it is bad in the 
 winter, but charming in the fiim- 
 mer. 
 
 otFORD, orCovt^D, 
 (Ghc.) near Monmouth, in the road 
 to Gloucester, 98 cm. 121 mm. from 
 London, has a chapel of eafe to New- 
 land, a Mt. on F. and Fairs on 
 June 9 and Nov. zo, and a ch. fc. 
 
 CoLHAM, Or COLLON-GPF.KK, 
 
 (Midd.} near Hayes, is aifo called 
 Colnham, from its fituatirn near a 
 branch of the r. Coin. The rnarsrr 
 did bel. to the Stranges, from whom 
 it pafled to the Earls of Derby. 
 K. Hen. VIII. fettled fome tithei 
 here on Chnit-Church Oxford. 
 
 COI.LERFORD, (Nortbutnl.} near 
 Walwick, where the N. Tyne pafles 
 under a bridge of feveral arches in 
 the Picls-wall. Here was found, 
 not many years ago, a Roman altar.. 
 
 COLLERTON, Or COLEOVER. 
 
 TON, (Leic.) totheN.E. of Afhby 
 de la Zouch, is noted for a mineral 
 well, and plenty of pit-coal, whofe 
 mines burnt for many years together, 
 in the R. of Hen. VIII. till the 
 fulphurous and bituminous matter, 
 v.hkk
 
 CO CO 
 
 vhich fed the flame, \vas fpent. It the '"-ral-pJace of the Vere?, is in 
 
 ancie.itly bel. to the Quartermerlhes, old writings called Great Coin ; and. 
 
 and then to the Maurewards, by it had formerly a priory, founded. 
 
 \vhofe heir, it was transferred, in the by Aubrey de Vere. It was, not long. 
 
 R. of Hen. VI. to the Bcaumonts ; ago, the feat of Mrs. Andrews and 
 
 and 'tis now the feat of Sir George Ivlr. Creiiher ; and Colne-White was 
 
 Beaumont, their defcenJant. the feat of John London, Efq; 
 
 COLLINGHAM, (York, W. R.) COLNEY, (Hsnf.) .3. from St. 
 
 near Wetherby, was let formerly to Alban's, in the r<ud to London, is 
 
 the abbefs of Kirkftall, who paid called London-Colney, to diftingniih, 
 
 90 /. a year for it to the exchequer, it from Colney-Strcct, a little to the 
 
 Sir Tho. Holland, afterwards Earl of W. as well as Colne-Green, a feat 
 
 Kent, had it afteiwards by marriage of Earl Cowper ; and they have the 
 
 of a lady, who furviving him, mar- name from the r. Coin, near which 
 
 ried the Black Prince Edsvard. they are fituate. 
 
 COLLINGHAM, (Nat.} N. and S. (J^ COLUMB M.i^na, (CorKivail) 
 
 a or 3 m. from Newark on Trent, 200 cm. 240 mm. from London, a 
 
 bej. anciently to the abbey of Peter- great p. but a little T. with a Mt. on 
 
 borough ; and, on its being turned M. and Tb. and Fairs April 24 and 
 
 intoaBpk. K. Hen. VIII. afiigned June u. 'Tis called St. Columb, 
 
 the revenues of both ps. which were becaufe its Ch. was coniecrated to 
 
 near 86 A a year, towards the fup- St. Coiumba, and had 3 chantries, 
 
 port of the D. and C. The late The juftices of the S. divifion of- 
 
 Earl of Stamford was the grand leilee. the County keep their feffions, and 
 
 At N. Collingham was, not long ago, hold a court here once in three 
 
 a ch. fc. if there be not one now. weeks, for all adions under 40 s. 
 
 COLL i w E s T o N, (Nortoamf.) This manor bel. to the Arundels o 
 
 near the r. Welland, about 6m. from Lanhern, many of whom lie buried 
 
 Stamforc, in the road to Oundle, bel. here. Near it is a hill, with 3 
 
 to the cro%vn for many ages j and rampire on the fummit, and a caufey 
 
 Hen. VII's mother built a fine houfe leading to it, which was.an old Da- 
 
 here. Great ftcre of ilates for cover- nifli camp. 
 
 ing houfes are dug in the neighbour- COLUMBSTOCK, (Devw.} on 
 
 hood. the r. Columb, bet. Taunton and 
 
 (^> COLNE, (Lane.) 153 cm. Tiverton, has a woollen mf. and the 
 
 199 mm. from London, lies net far manor is held of the D. and C. of 
 
 from Pendle-Hill, on the E. hde of Exeter, by a renewable leafe of 1 500 /. 
 
 the Co. and rppears to have been very a year rack-rent, all in one p. 
 
 ancien f , if not a Roman ftation, {3r> COLUMBTON, (De-v.) J2rru 
 
 from the many coins, both of copper N. E. of Exeter, 134 cm. i66mm. 
 
 and filver, that have been caft up W. from London, is the fceft T. on 
 
 here by the plough. Here is a Mt. the r. Columb, from whence it has 
 
 on PP. and Fair July 21. its name. The manor bel. formerly 
 
 COLNE-EARLS and COLNE-EN- to th abbey of Buckland in this Co. 
 
 GAME,Cot.NE-WAXEandCoLNi- but after the Ref. to Sir John St. 
 
 WHITE, (Ejjfx) ftand bet. Col- Leger, who fold it to T. Ril'don, Efqj 
 
 chefter and Halted, on the r. Coin, The Ch. has a curious rich gilded 
 
 and are d'ftinguifhed from one ai- rood-loft, which is ftill preferved as 
 
 ether, by the names of their refpec- an ornament, tho' the image wor- 
 
 tive Lds. in former day;, as the Veres Shipped in days of popery be removed. 
 
 Earls of Oxford, Mr. Wake, Mr. Here were alfo feveral chantries. It 
 
 White, and Mr. Engame ; but the has a Mt. on S. and a Fair on May- 
 
 firft, being the moft coniiderable, and day ; ajid the woollen is its chief mf. 
 
 7 COL-
 
 c o 
 
 c o 
 
 CotvAT.t, (Hfrcf.) bet. Lidbury 
 3rd tho Malvern-Hii:-;. A geld co- 
 ronet fet with diamonds was dug op 
 here formerly, by a countryman, 
 who, not knowing the worth of it, 
 fold it for 31 /. to a goldfmith at 
 Oloucefter, who be ; ng as ignorant of 
 the value of the (rones, as the pea- 
 I'-tnt was of the gold, fold it for 
 a iO /. to a jeweller of London, who 
 m.He 1 500 '/. of it. 
 
 Coi.wAi.t, (NtrttMnb.) in the 
 p. of Cliollcrton, within 2 m. of 
 Coal, formerly bel. to the Herons. 
 Here is a farm of 700 acres, noted 
 for fattening cattle and fheep. 
 
 COL WICK, (N::t.) Upper and 
 Iv)wer, on the r. Trent, z or 3 m. 
 P.. of Nottingham. The fiift bcl. 
 formerly to the Peverels, then to the 
 Col wicks and Byrons. Lower Col- 
 wick bel. formerly to the families of 
 Nevns and Slory ; but was after- 
 \tfards purchafed by Sir John Byron, 
 who having got both manors, fold 
 them to Sir James Stonehoufe ; but, 
 by reafon of the civil wars, never got 
 much above half the purchafe money. 
 Since the Reftoration the Ld Byron 
 has recovered feme fmall part of 
 them, and confirmed the title of Sir 
 John Mufters to the reft. 
 
 COMB, (Gloc.) an hamlet of Wot- 
 ton-under-Edge, bel. once to Eurd- 
 ffcy abbey, Worcefterfhire j but was 
 granted, 'in the R. of Edw. VI. to 
 Tho. Smith ; from whom it after- 
 wards pafTed to the Davis's, as it has 
 from them fince to other families. 
 
 ^> COMB-MARTIN, (Devon.) 
 on the Briftol-Channel, 149 cm. 
 184 mm. from London, was, for a 
 good while, the Lp. of the Martins, 
 defcended from Martin of Tourr, a 
 Norman Ld. who had great poffef- 
 fions here in the R. of Hen. I. Here 
 is a cove for the landing of boats. 
 The adjacent foil not only produces 
 plenty of the beft hemp in the coun- 
 try, but has been famous for mines 
 of tin and lead ; the ktter of which 
 being found, in the R. of Edw. I. to 
 have feme veins of fiJver, 337 men 
 
 were brought from Derby/hire "t* 
 work them ; and the produce was 
 of great fervice to R. Edw. III. in 
 his war with France. Neverthelefs, 
 they were neglefted till the R. of Q^ 
 E!iz. when Sir Beavis Bulmer, a 
 virtuofo in refining metals, got great 
 quantities of filver from them, of 
 which he caufed 2 cups to be made, 
 ?nci prefented the one to the Eail of 
 Br.th, and the other, probably the 
 Iraft, which weighed 137 ounces, to 
 Sir Rich. Martin lord-mayor of Lon- 
 don. A new addit has been lately 
 dug here, which coft 5000 /. but 
 the mines have not been wrought 
 f.nce. This manor delcended from. 
 the Martins to the Lds. Auiiley, 
 i'rorn whom, for want of iffue-male, 
 it went to the crown ; and K. 
 Hen. VIII. gave it to Sir Richard 
 Pollard, fon of iudge Pollard, whofe 
 pofterity fold it to the Hancocks, 
 who procured it a Mt. on Tu, and 
 Fair on Whit^n-M. 
 
 CoMB-NEviL,(.Sa/Ty)inthep.of 
 Kingfton upon Thames, is a feat that 
 bel. formerly to Nevil (the King- 
 maker) Earl of Warwick. The pre- 
 fent houfe, which ftands in its park, 
 was built by Sir Vincent, from 
 whom it pafled to Sir William Coc- 
 kayne ; but was laft the eftate of Will. 
 Harvey, Efq; deceafed, by inheri- " 
 tance from Sir Dan. Harvey. Nearthii 
 houfe are certain fprings, whofe water 
 is conveyed in leaden pipes under the 
 road, the lands, and even the Thames, 
 to Hampton-Court, which is 3 m. 
 
 COMBERFORD, (Staff.) in the p. 
 of Wiggington, on the E. fide of the 
 Tame, long the feat and eftate of an 
 ancient and profperous family of the 
 fame name ; who, as Dr. Plot fays, 
 are always forewarned of the deceafe 
 cf any one of it, by three knocks at 
 Comberford-Hall, be the party ever 
 fodiftant. K. Hen. VIII. fettled a 
 fee-farm rent of 39 /. a year out of 
 this man. and Wiggington, on Chrift- 
 church Coll. Oxford. 
 
 COMBWELL, (Kent.") a manor in 
 
 in the p. of Gocdhurft, where was 
 
 once
 
 c o 
 
 c o 
 
 wire an abbey, which K, Hen. VIII. 
 gave to Sir John Gage ; whofe fuc- 
 ceffbr fold it to Mr. Colepeper j who 
 conveyed it to Mr. Campion j in 
 whofe heir it is, or was lately. K. 
 Hen. III. granted the prior a Fair on 
 St. Mary Magdakns and the day 
 after. 
 
 COMPTON, (Staff.} in the p. of 
 Kinfare, near Wolverhampton, in 
 the road to Bridgenorth ; which was 
 in the pofTeflion of the Horewoods 
 from the R. of Edw. IV. to the year 
 1597, if not later. About the man- 
 fion-houle is a fine park. 
 
 COMPTON, (Suffex) to the N. W. 
 of Chichefter, on the b. of Kamp- 
 ftire, bel. to the Ld. Delawar, till 
 he exchanged it with Hen. VIII. for 
 the abbey of Wherweli. 
 
 COMPTON-ABDAI., (G/ac.) on 
 the r. Coin, near Hampnet, bel. to 
 the See of York, from the Conqueft 
 to the R. cf Edw. VI. who gave it 
 to Sir The. Chamberlain ; but his 
 heirs felling it to Sir Rich. Grubham, 
 of Wifliford in Wilts, it came to Sir 
 John How his nephew j whofe great- 
 grandfon, the Ld. Chedworth, is the 
 prefent owner of it ; who has a fine 
 fest hete, with the r. running thro' 
 his gardens, and a great -park ad- 
 jacent. 
 
 COMPTON-BASSET, (Wilts) to 
 the N. E. of Calne, bel. anciently to 
 the nafiets family, and now to Will. 
 Northey, Efq; 
 
 CoMFTON-DuNDO, (Scm. ) on 
 the N. fide of Somcrton, had a char- 
 ter, in the R. of Edw. II. for a Mt. 
 ^on Tu. and a Fair on St. Mary Mag- 
 Jatiti's, ( fmce difufed ) and bel. in 
 that R. to the Bcauchamps. This 
 is fuppofed to be theCompton-Daune, 
 mentioned in old records as the eftate 
 of the Lds. Burnel ; which pafied by 
 marriage to the family of Sir John 
 Handloe. 
 
 Co.MPTON-HALL, Or FEKNY, 
 
 (I7arw.} feat cf the Earl of North- 
 ampton, 4 m. from Banbury, and 
 near Wormleighton, had ancient 1 y a 
 \:nevard in it, and is thereto' v . 
 
 times ftiled Compton-Winegate. It 
 bel. to the Cornptons, even before. 
 the R. of Edw. I. one ot which fa- 
 mily, vix. William, in the R. of 
 Hen. VIII. who made him Ld. Chan. 
 of Ireland, as he had been his page 
 in the R. of his father, built a fair 
 houfe here, with a chapel, and added 
 a large park to it, for the ufc of him- 
 felf and his heirs for ever, as 'tis faid 
 in the patent, wherein 'tis called 
 Com pton- Inferior, orCompton-Vir.e- 
 yard. This hcufe was garrifon'd for 
 the Pt. in 1646, at which time it 
 was totally demolished ; but was re- 
 built in 1665, by James, that Earl 
 of Northampton who was conftablc 
 of the Towe'r. 
 
 Compton-Abdale ; feat of Sir Will. 
 Juxton, Bt. which his uncle Dr. Jux- 
 ton (afterwards Abp. of Canterbury) 
 purchafed during the Ufurpation. 
 
 COMPTON-LONG, (Wariu. } on 
 the b. of Oxfordshire, is called Comp- 
 ton in the Hole j becaule fituate in a 
 deep valley, on the N. fide of th 
 Stour, as it is Long-Compton, from 
 its figure. It had formerly a Mt. on 
 M. and a Fair on St. Peter's, and 
 bel. in 1640, to the Earl of North- 
 ampton. 
 
 COMPTON. MARDOCK, (J^zrw.) 
 2 m. from Kington, bel. anciently 
 to a family of the fame name, till it 
 was conveyed to K. Ed-.v. Ill's con- 
 cubine, Alice Perers ; by whom it 
 came in marriage to Sir Will. Wind - 
 for ; whofe e'dtft daughter carried it 
 alfo in marriage to Rob. Skerne, in 
 the R. of Hen. VI ; but, in the 
 fame R. Rich. Verney, Efqj was 
 pofieficd of it, and built a great part 
 of the manor hcufe, as it now ftands, 
 and is the feat of his descendant, Ld. 
 Willougby of Brook. 
 
 CONGERS BUR y, ( Som. ) under 
 Mendip-Hills, to the N. The mayor 
 and aid. of Briftol, as governors of 
 Q^Eli/aboth's hof. are patrons of its 
 id the D. and C. of Wells pro. 
 prictcr,
 
 c o 
 
 c o 
 
 fc5 CONGLETON, (Cbcjb.} IJJ 
 
 tm. 1 57 mm. from London, is a 
 handfome old T. near the b. of Staf- 
 fordlliire, watered on all fides by the r. 
 Dan, the brook Howtey, and the Da- 
 ningfchow. 'Tis governed by a may- 
 or, and 6 aid. and noted for a trade in 
 leather gloves, purfes, and points. It 
 has 2 Chs. though Aftbury has the 
 mother Ch._ Iis Mt. is on S. and 
 Fairs May -day, J^!y 2, and Seff.zi. 
 
 CONINCTON, (Hunt.) near Stil- 
 ton, at the head of the r. which forms 
 r'!-Meer, Brick-Meer., and Whittle- 
 fcy-Meer, has the plain relicks of an 
 olil caftie ; and is the feat of Sir John 
 Cotton, Bt. whofe anceftor Sir Ro- 
 bert, founder of the Cotton library, 
 ordered a pool to be dug juft by this 
 T. wherein was found the ficeleton of 
 a fi(h, near zo foot long, lying in per- 
 fect, filt, above 6 foot below the fur- 
 face of the ground, and as much above 
 the level of the fenns. 
 
 CONISBURGH, (TarL W. R.) en 
 the S.W. fide of Doncafter,has the out- 
 walls of an old caftie, to which Hen- 
 gift, the Saxon general, is faid to have 
 retired, after being routed by Auvelius 
 Ambroinis ; and near which, it is alfo 
 faid, he was buried. 
 
 CONST ANTINE, (Corn.} on a hill 
 among tin works, bet. Helfton and 
 Falmouth. Near its Ch. where once 
 flood a crofs, as it is faid, a buff' bag 
 was found full of filver pieces, fome 
 of K. Arthur's coin, and fome of K. 
 Canute's. 
 
 COOKRIDGE, (fork. W. R.) in 
 the road from Ilkley to Addle, has 
 Black-Hill in it, where many Roman 
 coins have been dug up. 
 
 CopGRAvt, '(York. W. R.) bet. 
 Krcrefboiough and Boroughbridge, is 
 noted for an epitaph on John Win- 
 cupp ; which mews, that hs was 
 rrctor of its Ch. 54 years (during 
 which he boarded and taught many of 
 the gentry ;) that ht- never was plain- 
 tiff, nor defendant } and lived 52 
 years with his wife, by whom he had 
 6 children, out of which, not one died 
 in all that time 5 and that he was the 
 
 firft of his family who departed this 
 life, in 1637, atat. 86. 
 
 COPSTON, Magna & Parva. 
 (War.} to the S.E. of Nun-Eaton, 
 on the b. of I^icefterfhire, bel. for- 
 merly to the Carthufian mon. in the 
 ifle of Axhoim. 
 
 COPT -HALL, (Effix) bet. Epping 
 and the Foreft, being built on a rife 
 above Waltham- Abbey, isfeena great 
 way. It was formerly the feat of the 
 Fitr-Auchers, once a great family in 
 Kent j and afterwards of Sir Tho. 
 Heneage, Kt. who brought it to great 
 perfection. It was once aifo the feat 
 of the E. of Dorfet; and now is Sir 
 Tho, Webfter's. 
 
 Co oju E T -Is LE,'(Nortt.<urK?>. ) bet. 
 Seaton and Aylmouth, which takes 
 name from the r. had anciently both 
 a caftie and mon. but the foil i. c fo bar- 
 ren, that, except a few hutts for the 
 diggers of fea-coal, it has only one 
 houfe. Such flocks of wild fowl con- 
 tinually harbour here, thr.t fumetimes 
 it is impoffible to walk far on it, 
 without treading on their eggs, which 
 the fifhermen fell to the neighbour- 
 hood ; but the air, by reafon of the 
 ficquent fogs here, is very unhealthy j 
 and it is often troubled with ftorms. 
 
 CORBRIDGE, (Nortbumb.} near 
 Hexham in the road from Newcaftle, 
 on the N. fide of the Tine, over 
 which it has a bridge. The manor 
 was formerly the Piercys ; and h?s the 
 ruins of fo many ancient building?, as 
 mew it to have been a large place. 
 Several large teeth and bones found 
 here are fuppofed to be thofe of oxen 
 facrificed to Hercules, whofe altar was 
 difcovered here fome years ago. 
 
 Cos BY, (Cutnb.} near the r. Eden, 
 oppofite to Wetherall, 4m. S. E. of 
 Carlifle, hnd formerly a caftie of the 
 family of Salkelds; has been a gentle- 
 man's feat, ever fince the conqucft j 
 and is now the feat of the Hon. Cha. 
 Howard, Efq; who has a pleafant 
 grand houfe here, built on a rock ; 
 out of which feverai of the rooms are 
 hewn.
 
 c o 
 
 c o 
 
 fc^" COREY, (Line.} in the road 
 from Market-Deeping to Grantham, 
 77 cm. 90 mm. from London, has a 
 Mt. on W. but very little trade, and 
 Fail sslug. 1 5 and zg j and one for cattle 
 cn^. mEafcr-W. Ithasafchool,en- 
 dowed for the deceafed minifter's fens. 
 
 COBBY, (Nortbanf.) bet. Ket- 
 tering and King's-Cliff, bel. in K. 
 John's R. to the Braybrocs ; in that 
 of Rich. II. to Ld. Willoughby of 
 Erefby } and then to Nevil, Ld, 
 Latlmer. 
 
 % CORFE-CASTLE, (Dorfet.) in 
 the middle of the Ifle of Purbeck, 93 
 cm. Ii6mm. from London, has its 
 name from a caftle, fuppofed to have 
 been built by K. Edgar, who kept his 
 court here ; and it being a royal de- 
 incfne, great privileges have bsen 
 granted to it by him, and others of 
 our monarchs. It has a large lofty 
 Ch. which is a royal peculiar, exempt 
 from epifcopal jurifdiclicn, or vifitn- 
 tion. It was a Bor. by prefcription ; 
 but incorporated by Q^ Eliz. and af- 
 terwards by Cha. II. with the ftile of 
 mayor and tarons, having the fame 
 privileges, as the Cinque-Ports ; and 
 this, in particular, that the chief 
 numbers, efpecially thofe who have 
 been mayors, are called barons. The 
 mayor, as is alfo his predeceflor, is a 
 juftice of peace, can hold feifions, 
 choofe coroners for life, counfellors, 
 ale-tafters, &c. which were privile- 
 ges granted by K. Cha. I. as a reward 
 lor the noble defence the caflle made 
 for him. This manor was granted by 
 Edw. VI. to his uncle the D. of So- 
 tnerfet j on \vhofe attainder, it re- 
 verted to the crown ; but Q-JEliz. dif- 
 pofed of it to Chr. Hatton, Efq; to 
 whofe intereft, it is faid, this T. is 
 indebted, for the privilege of fending 
 members to Pt. In the R. of Cha. I. 
 it was fold to Ld. Ch. Juft. Banks, 
 who repaired the caftle, and made it 
 a garrifon for the K. but it was be- 
 trayed to the Pt's. f .rces, who de- 
 mcWhed it. It appears, that the cir- 
 cumference was near half a mile, by 
 the ruins of the walls, which, ftand- 
 
 ing on an high eminence, are vifibk 
 a great way. Here i? a Mt. on T&. 
 and Fairs en May-day and St. Lukis- 
 day. 
 
 COR t IE, (War.} on theN. fide of 
 Coventry, was anciently in the hands 
 cf the Haitings; and in the R. of 
 Edw. IV. bel. to the Charrpernoor.s, 
 \vhofe arms are in the N. window of 
 its Ch. from whom it pailcd, by 
 marriage, to the Willoughbys of 
 Brook ; and from them to the Gre- 
 vills. 
 
 CORKBURY, (Oxf.) 5 rn. from 
 Woodftock, was the feat and eftate of 
 Henry Danvers, E. of Danby ; but 
 foon after the Reft, that of Edw. 
 Hide, E. of Clarendon, who took hit 
 tide of Vifc. from it, as has theeldeft 
 fon of the family ever /ince. Part of 
 the park here was a coney -warren 
 before it was dcftroyed by the Earl 
 of Clarendon. In a pit, not far from 
 the lodge, there is a fpring of a vitriol 
 kind. 
 
 CORNWORTHY, (De-vsn.} bet. 
 Dartmouth and Torbay, had a priory 
 formerly, founded by the Eiigeccr: - - ; 
 and bought at the Diff. by Mr. Har- 
 ris, father of Sir Tho. Harris, fcrjeant 
 at law, 
 
 CORHIXGHAM, (EJJtx] not far 
 from the Thames, btt. Tilbury- Fort 
 and Canvey-Ifland, is a manor, of 
 which the ancient family of theBaulcis, 
 or Bauds, were Lds. as well as patrons 
 of the Ch. appendar.t to it, above 300 
 years 5 and had a park bel. to their 
 feat, from which they furnifhed the 
 D. and Ch. of St. Paul's, London, 
 with a doe on St. Pjul's-day, and a 
 buck on St. PeUr's and Paul's, that 
 were cftered with great ceremony at the 
 high altar on thofe fdlivals, in ccn- 
 fideration of zz acres of land, granted 
 by the Chapter, to be inclofed in the 
 park. Samuel, better known by the 
 name of Julian Johnfon, was reitor 
 of this p. 
 
 CORSHAM-CASTLE, (Salop] bet. 
 
 Akaflon and St. Margaret's-Clee, is 
 
 called Corvefliam, becaufe it (lands on 
 
 the r. Corve. This manor was given 
 
 by
 
 c o 
 
 c o 
 
 by Hen. II. to Walter, U. Clifford ; 
 and went afterwards, by marriage, to 
 Sir John Giffard of Brimsfield. 
 
 CORSTON, (Wilts) on the S. fide 
 of Malmfbur.y, was alfo the Lp. of the 
 Giffard family, till, on the forfeiture 
 of it by John Ld, Giftard, it was 
 given by Edw. III. to Thomas Ld. 
 Berkley ; but Reginald Ld. Cob- 
 ham died poflsiTcd of it, in the R. 
 of Hen. IV. and left it to his heirs. 
 
 CORTON, (Dcrfct,) bet. Wcy- 
 mouth and Dorcheftcr, had formerly 
 a chantry, and bel. to Ld. Berkley 
 of Stratton. 
 
 COR TON, (Son.) near Sherborn, 
 in the read from London ; near which, 
 not 30 year's ago, fome labourers dug 
 up a Roman urn, in which were near 
 2 quarts or Roman coins. 
 
 COSKORD, (War-ai.) on the N. 
 fide of Rugby, is a member of New- 
 bold, which, in the R. of Hen. II. 
 beJ. to the Stutevils. Part of it bel. 
 afterwards to the mon. of Pipewell ; 
 which, after the DifT. Eow. VI. 
 granted to John Green of Weftmin- 
 Tier, and Ralph Hall of London frri- 
 vener, and their heirs. The former 
 diensted it, in the ift of Phil, and 
 Mary, to Mrs. Eliz. Bcughton ; fnm 
 whom it was granted to Tho. Wight- 
 man, who conveyed it, in the next 
 R. to Sir Tho. Leigh. 
 
 Cos HAM, (Mia} on the N. fide 
 of the road from London to the Bath, 
 from which h is about 9 m. is a plea- 
 fant and very healthy place, being on 
 a dry ftony foil, and therefore not very 
 fen i'le. The Saxon K. Ethelrcd had 
 a palace here ; and it was the feat of 
 lome of the E?. cf Crn\val, one of 
 whom, E. Edmund, in the R. of Edw. 
 I. obtained a charter for its Mt. and 
 the inh. ftill enjoy fevers! privileges 
 granted it by Richard, his prcdccdibr. 
 Here is an almfh. and a fr. fc. built by 
 the Lr'dy.Margar. H-Jngerford, fince 
 the Reft. The < h'ef fui/port of Cof- 
 ham i: the wtollrn mf. here bc-ing, 
 ii''' only feme c?;.'.^r;l !c clothier?, 
 l-jr a wool-it: r ler, cf the fame name 
 and family with Mr. Stump, the do. 
 
 thier of Malm (bury, at whofe table 
 K. fkn.Vlil. once dined, with all his 
 retinue. The fields hereabouts arc 
 generally, inftead of hedges, inclofeJ 
 with walls of itones, piled one upon 
 another \vithout any mortar. The p. 
 which is pretty large, is fprinkled up 
 and down with many pretty feats. 
 It had, till lately, a Mt. on Fr. 
 
 (Nat.) near the r. Erwafli, to the S. 
 of Greyfly-Caftle, bel. formerly in 
 great part to a family of the fame 
 name j which afterwards pafled, by 
 marriage, to the Willoughbys, one o'f 
 whom obtained a charter of free-war, 
 ren for it, in the R. of Edw. III. as 
 did the other part from the Peverels 
 to the Shevingtons : but the manor 
 was vefted in the mon. of Newftede j 
 after the DifT. of which, Willough- 
 by's part was granted to Percival 
 Bowes and John Mayfier ; yet the 
 Willoughbys continued to have a feat 
 here, and fome eftate. 
 
 COSSINCTON, (Ic/c.)ontheS.E. 
 fide of Mount- Sorrel, is noted for a 
 vaft fteep Barrow, near the r. Wreck, 
 350 foot Ion?, 120 broad, and 40 
 high, which is called Shipley-fiill, 
 from a great captain, who, they iav, 
 was buried there. 
 
 COTES, (Line.} near Stretton, on 
 the b. of Nottinghamshire, is a noble 
 manor which the Barnardiftons got, 
 in the R, of Edw. II. hy marrying th 
 heirefs of Willoughby, and enjoyed i( 
 all along, till of late. 
 
 CoTESWOULD-HlLLS, ( (7/;.-. J 
 
 on the E. fide of the Co. are noted for 
 flieep cotej, where are fed large flocks 
 of Hieep, with fleeces of fine \\ liita 
 wool. The number of fheep in this 
 Co. of which mcft are kept in this 
 part, is reckoned not far fhort of 
 500,000. 
 
 COTHERIDCE, <7JVr.)nearWor- 
 crfter,bcl. heretofore to the Mortimers 
 d!',Wjmore ; from whom it pa'flcd, by 
 niarriage, to the Talbots of Ecclef- 
 ivell in Herefordfhire ; then to the 
 A<fton ; and is now ths fc-t of Row- 
 land Berkley. 
 
 Co.
 
 c o 
 
 COTHVRSTON, (Som.) bet. Taun- 
 ton and Stokegomer ; \vhere a branch 
 of the Stawel family had a feat, which 
 v.is ruined in the civil wars. 
 
 COTTEL-END, (Staf.) in the p. 
 of Sedgely, and b. of Shropshire, has 
 quarries of excellent grind-ftones for 
 thin edged tools. 
 
 Co T T E N H AM,(Caml>.) near Cam- 
 bridge, \vhofe rectory, in the Bp. of 
 Ely's gift, is worth 500 /. a year j 
 had formerly a chantry. 
 
 COTTERED, (Hartf.) ftnnds en a 
 hill, to the W. of Buntingford, and 
 I m. N. E. from Ardeley ; and was 
 called Coldridge by the Saxons, from 
 its cold fituation on a ridge of clay. 
 The manor, which lies in the juril- 
 didion of St. Peter's, Weflminfter, 
 bel. in the R. of Edw. I. to Will, le 
 Brevere ; in the R. of Edw. III. to 
 Will. Phelpe and John Oredyne. One 
 moiety parted, in the R. of Rich. II. 
 to John Fray ; and, by marriage, it 
 palled, in the R. of Hen. VII. to 
 Hump. Stafford, and his defendants j 
 by one of whom, it was fold, in the 
 R. of Qi. Eliz. to Edw. Pulter, of 
 Great -Wymondley ; and came after- 
 Awards, by marrirge, to Foreller, def- 
 crnded from a mercer of London. The 
 other moiety paffed, intheR. of Rich. 
 II. to one Sheine ; and was foon after 
 i;i the pofiefiicn of Sir Will. Ciieyny, 
 01" Brcok in Wilts ; from whofe fa- 
 mily it paiTed, ly nwrr;r.[.r, to Ji ha 
 Wiilcu.hby,as it didfrom thence ah'o, 
 by marriage, in the l\. of Hen.VIII. 
 to Foulk Grcvil, Efqj one of \vbcfe 
 defendants, the Ld. Brook, dying, in 
 the R. of Cha. I. without ifi'ue, the 
 manorwe.it to his fifler,Lady Verncy, 
 vife of Sir Rich. Verney j whofe def- 
 ccndantj of the fame name, had the 
 title of Willcughby de Brook adjudged 
 to him in 1695 ; snd his fon's wife 
 had this manor in jointure. A wake 
 is kept here to this day, on the fefri- 
 val of St. J-in JLij.fi/?, to \\hcm the 
 Ch. is dcd.cau-d. 
 
 COTTEJS STOCK, (Nonta^f . } on 
 th; N. fide ct CimJle, Jus a ir..;l on 
 
 C O 
 
 the fame r. and had a collegiate Ch. 
 before the Ref. 
 
 COT TES MORE, (Rut!.) near 
 Stamford, was, in the R. of Q^Eliz. 
 the manor and feat of the family of 
 Durant j from whom it pafTed to the 
 Harringtons. It was afterwards pur- 
 chafed by Ambrofe Crook (brother to 
 the judge j) by whofe daughter it paf- 
 fed, in marriage, to Sir Edw. Heath, 
 Kt. of the Bath (eldeft fon of Sir Ro- 
 bert, who was, in the R. of Ch. I. 
 Ld. Ch. Juft. of the K's. Bench) from 
 whofe family it pafled afterwards, by 
 the marriage of Sir Edward to the 
 heirels of Noel Vifc. Camden ; and 
 is now the feat of Thomas-Orby Hun- 
 ter, Efq;. 
 
 COTTINGHAM, (York. E.R. ) 
 near Hull, bel. formerly to the fa- 
 milies of Stutevil and Wake ; one of 
 which latter obtained a grant of K. 
 Edw. II. for a Mt. here, and ^ Fairs 
 on the days of St. Thomas and St. 
 Martin ; and a licenfe to make a 
 caft'.e of his manor-houfe. The r. 
 Hull falls, about 6m. from hence, 
 into the Humber. 
 
 CoTTINGI-EY, {fork. W. R.) on 
 
 the N. fide of Bradforth, has a bridge 
 over the Are ; was anciently the ef- 
 tate of the Hodglbns, and afterwards 
 of the Claphams. 
 
 COTTON, (Staff.) on the N. fide 
 of Rugeley. This manor, in which 
 is found a ccanc Kit of akibalter, 
 bel. anciently to the family of Ld. 
 Afton, then to the Maftertons of 
 Che/hire ; but, about the middle of 
 the laft century, Tho. Mafterton fold 
 it to Mr. Tho.' Adfhed ; whofe fon, cf 
 the fame name, fold the tenants every 
 one his own farm, and made them a'l 
 freeholders. 
 
 sfc COVENTRY, (ffano.) almoit 
 in the middle of the Km. 74 err. 
 90 mm. frcm Linden, join'd 'AJth 
 Litchrkid, is a Bpk. and had for- 
 merly the honour cf being fuch itfelf, 
 Here was 3 rich convent, defircyed by 
 the Danes, in 1016, fic.m whcnre the 
 cJi y is fuppoied to have i:s name. It was 
 rebuilt
 
 e o 
 
 c o 
 
 rebuilt Vy Leofric Earl of Mercia, who 
 feems to'ha"c beer, theilrft Ld. of this 
 city, as his lady was its berr, bene- 
 fac:or ; for there is a tradition firmly 
 believed here, that her hufband hav- 
 ing heavily taxed the citizens, for 
 fome offence they had given him, 
 this good lady, viz. Gcdivu, the 
 daughter of Thorold, a (heriff of 
 Lincoln/hire , earneftly importuned 
 hira to Km'.t them, and to free the 
 citizens from a:! i.ivi't 1 tenures j but 
 tO'.:!c not prevail on him, unlt'l"; :he 
 would content to ride nakedtthrough 
 the moft frequented part of the ciry, 
 a condition which he was Hire her mo- 
 derry would never comply with ; but, 
 in compaflion to the city, the tradition 
 fays, that, after having ordered all 
 the doors and windows to be fhut, 
 upon pain of death, (he rode thro' 
 the ftreets on horfeback, naked, with 
 her loofe hair about her, which was 
 fo long, that it covered all her body, 
 b-Jt her legs. We read in Camden, 
 that no body looked after her j yet 
 'tis faid elfewhere, that a poor taylor 
 would needs be peeping, and that there- 
 upon he was /truck blind. Be this 
 as it will, his figure is put up in the 
 fame window, of the high -ftreet, to 
 this day ; and there is a yearly pro- 
 ceflion thro* the T. on the F. after 
 Trinity-Sunday, which is one of its 
 Fairs, with the figure of a naked 
 woman on horfeback. In Edward 
 the Confcffcr's time this city was in 
 the poffeffion of the Earls of Chefter, 
 who gave a great part of it to the 
 monks. It was afterwards annexed 
 to the Earldom cfCornwal. Edw. III. 
 granted it a mayor and 2 bailiffs ; 
 and Hen. VI. having laid feveral Ts. 
 and villages to it, granted, by his 
 charter, that the city, with 191 ad- 
 jacent villages, fhould be an entire 
 Co. incorporated by itfelf, diftinct 
 from the Co. of Warwick j and that 
 the bailiffs of the faid city /hould be 
 fheriffs cf the city of the Co. for 
 ever : and now the citizens began to 
 flourish, and to inclofe the city with 
 walls. Edw. IV. for its difloyalty, 
 
 took the f\vord from the mayor, and 
 disfrsiichiied the city 5 which rc- 
 decmr ' its charters, on payment of 
 500 -narks ; and he was fo wt- 11 re- 
 cincileii, that in 4 years after lie 
 kept St. George's feaft here, and 
 flood godfather to the mayor's chjIH. 
 K. Jimes I. granted it a < hintcr. t-y 
 which loalti. were to preli'! ; ' 
 10 wards. After the reuVration rl 
 Cha. II. the wall-, which were ; m. 
 in com. with 26 towers, were <ie- 
 moliflied, and only the gates left 
 ftanding, which were iz, and ate 
 very noble and beautiful. The Pi incc 
 of Wales has a large prk and do- 
 main here, but very ill kept, '.!':; 
 park being ufed for horfe-races. A 
 Pt. was held here in the R. cf 
 Hen. IV. called Parliamentum indcc- 
 torum, or the unlearned Parliament, 
 becaufe the lawyers were excluded ; 
 and another in the R. of Hen. VI. 
 called Parliamentum Diabolicum, or 
 the Devil's Parliament, from the 
 attainders of the D. of York, of the 
 Earls of Salifoury, Warwick, and 
 March, and their adherents. In the 
 R. of Ken. VIII. a flately crofs was 
 erected in the middle of its fpadeus 
 Mt.-place, by a legacy of Sir Will. 
 Hollis, lord-mayor of London, and 
 one of the anceftors of the late D. of 
 NewcafHe, which is- 60 feet high, 
 and adorned with the ftatues cf mofl 
 of our Ks. as big as the life. The 
 city, v/hich lud formerly many re- 
 ligious houfes, is large, populous, and 
 rich, but the buildings generally old. 
 Though it has but 3 p. Chp. it his 
 4 fteeples, there being at the S. end 
 of the T. a tall fpire by itfelf, the 
 only remains of a Ch. that bel. to a 
 mon. of grey-friars. St. Michael's 
 has a ftonc fpire, of excellent work- 
 manfhip, 300 feet high, which, 'tis 
 faid, was more than as years build- 
 ing. There are 2 or 3 meeting-houfes 
 here of Proteftant DifTenters. 'I lie 
 windows of the town-houfe are of 
 painted-g'afs, reprefcnting fome of 
 the old Ks. Earls, fife, who have 
 been benafaftcrs to the city. Befides 
 N z the
 
 CO 
 
 '.r n.ctirTs and aid. here are a re- 
 torucr, fieward, coroner, 2 cham- 
 berlains, 2 waidens, and etcher offi- 
 cers. It had a confiderable y.f. of 
 vitth and caps, which is much .de- 
 tayed 5 its chief mf. now being tnm- 
 !"''>'$, and v.'e:.viap the or.JJi,^ry fat 
 of ribbons, efpecijlly black. Here 
 is a fr. fc. (with a gocd library) 
 rounded by John Hales, Efq; with 
 '- - name of K. Hen. VJll's IchooJ, 
 a ch. fc. and an hof. Thii city gave 
 t.'-> cf Ear], in the R. of K. J:. I. 
 i: G. Viliiers D. of Kiirkinglum ; 
 en c<yi;;g without iilue, the 
 t ;!; cf Earl,' together with lhat of 
 Viff. Deerhurir, was conferred, by 
 K. William, on Tho. Ld. Coventry 
 of Alefbury, With limitations thereof 
 to theLd. William, the piefent Earl. 
 The Mt. here is on W. and F. F-irs 
 on April l, Eajler-Tb. Auguft 1 6, 
 Corpuf-Cbrifi-day, Off. 3 and 21, 
 befides a fortnight from F. in JVbit- 
 fon-Week. The water of the r. Sher- 
 fcorp, on which this city ftands, is 
 peculiar for its blue dye. The roads 
 to the T. are kept well paved for a 
 MI. round. 
 
 COVERHAM, (York. N.R.) com- 
 monly called Ccrham, is nearMiddle- 
 harn ; had formerly a mon. and was, 
 for many generations, in the family 
 cf Ld. Scroop of Ms/ham. 
 
 CouGHAM-ST.-Ai^DREw's and 
 ST. MARY'S, (Narf.) rear Sand- 
 rincham, and to the S. E. of Caftle- 
 Riiing, was the birth-place of the 
 famous Sir Hen. Spelmsn, to whole 
 . family it be], 
 
 COUGHTON, ( Wane. ) on the 
 banks of the Arrow, and on the N. 
 fjde of Aulcefter ; feat of Sir Robert 
 Throkmorton, to whoft family it has 
 be', ever fince the R. of Hen.'lV. 
 
 COULSDON, (Surry] near Croy- 
 !cn and Caff-.^ton, bel. ancicni'y to 
 the abbey of Chertfey ; frcm i\ bicb 
 it came to the crown, in exchange 
 for other land', by K. Hen. VIII. 
 who granted it in ]eaie to divers pcr- 
 f.r.r ; but it reverting to the crown 
 in tiie R. cf Cb<J, II. he granted :he 
 
 c o 
 
 whole to Sir Rob. Long, who left it, 
 in 1673, to Sir Rich. Mafon, who 
 married his niece ; but 'tis now, or 
 was very lately, in the family of Def- 
 bcuverie. There is a common in this 
 p. at the foot of which are 3 ditches, 
 that run about 2 furlongs, and lecm 
 to have been cafl up as a fence againft 
 feme enemy. 
 
 COULSTON-BASSET, (Nott.) on 
 the S. fide cf Bingham, bel. formerly 
 to the Baflets of Draiton near Tam- 
 worth, one of v. horn, in the R. cf 
 Edw, I. got a Mt. and Fair here. 
 In the R. of Hen. VIII. it bel. to 
 tdw. Stafford, the lad D. of Buc- 
 kingham of that family ; who fold 
 
 it to Kitfcn ; whofe heir, Sir 
 
 Thomas, fold it to Mr. Golding his 
 fieward ; whofe grand Ton, Edward 
 Golding, made a Bt. by K. Cha. I. 
 was proprietor of the whole T. ex- 
 cept a part which his father, who 
 inclofed moft of the fields, fold to 
 Mr. Francis Hacker, whereon he 
 built a houfe, which was, by his 
 eidelr. l&n, Col. Hacker, who guarded 
 K. Cha. I. to the IcarVold, forfeited 
 by attainder, with the n-ft of his 
 lands, which the D. of York fold 
 to Col. Rowland Hacker, h ; s next 
 brother ; who afterwards fold his ia- 
 terefl here to John Grubham Howe, 
 ofLangar, Efqj One of the Bsflets 
 built a chapel here, in which he 
 eftablifted a chantry. TheCh.ftands 
 in the field?, which being inclofcd, 
 the T. is thereby depopulated, in tfce 
 opinion of Dr. Thorcton, who ob- 
 fcives, that ir.clci'ures, which are 
 thought to enrich other Ccs. im- 
 poveriih this. 
 
 COURT EJCHALL, ( Ncrflamp. ) 
 near Saucy-Fort #, en the S. fuie of 
 Northampton, is thL- i'eat cf S: : 
 win Wake ; and has a pub^c k fc. of 
 which the mailer's fahry is ice /. a 
 year. 
 
 CouRT-Lopr, K, :' A." ;.' ) on tin 
 S. W. of RocHdJer, at Robert 
 Bridge, over a block ti.it runs into 
 the Midway, bel. an.-:r-ii:ly to tiir 
 Palr.-.eig ; who conveyed it to the
 
 c o 
 
 TO 
 
 C R 
 
 Leeds' s, and they to Mr. Whitfield 
 of Canterbury. 
 
 COWDEN, (Kent) near the Mod- 
 way, to the S. W. of Pcnftierft, has 
 a Fair July 22. Part of this manor 
 bel. formerly to the college of Ling- 
 field in Surry ; but was given, by 
 Hen. VIII. to Sir Tho. Caverdcnc ; 
 from whom it paiTed to the Earls of 
 Arunde], aiid by them to the Wic- 
 kendens. 
 
 Co WES, E. and W. (IfleofWiglt} 
 in the p. of Northwood in W. Me- 
 dina, are 2 petty Ts. on the ihore, 
 which have the advantage of trade 
 above any in the ifland. Several rich 
 merchants live here ; and formerly 
 /hips fromVirginia, &c. uf'.'.l to unload 
 their cargoes here, pay their cuftoms, 
 take in their goods again, and then 
 fail to Holland, Hamburgh, ?Y. to 
 intit!e them to the drawback of fuch 
 their goods. Here alfo mafters of 
 jliips, ?< . are furniftied with money 
 for bills in London ; and provificns 
 are taken on fliip-bcard at W. Cowes, 
 which is the moft thriving place in 
 the ifland, tho' it lies fo low, that 
 it is not reckoned very healthy. 
 At W. Cowes is a caftle and garrifon, 
 which was built by K. Hen. VIII. 
 as was another at E. Cowes ; and at 
 the former alfo is a ch. fc. In time 
 of war, this is a place of general 
 rendezvous for merchant-fhips that 
 wait for convoys. 
 
 Co WE Y-ST AKES, (Surry) near 
 Lalam , where Caefar palled the 
 Thames, though the Britons had 
 planted flakes to hinder ft, both on 
 the bank and ford. 
 
 Cow LEY-TEMPLE, (Oxford.) a 
 donative on the E. fide of Oxford, 
 which K. Hen. VIII. fettled on 
 Chrift-Ch. Coll. but h only of note 
 now for its pits of peat dug for fewel, 
 by reafon of the karcity of wood in 
 this country. 
 
 COWLINO, (Kent) on the S. E. 
 fide of Cliff, bdow Gravefend, had 
 a caftle ereclcd, by grant of Rich. II. 
 by John Ld. Cobham, Ld. of the 
 adjacent territories j which came 
 
 from his pofterity, by the heir-fe- 
 male, to the Brookes, made alfo I,d. 
 Cobham on her account, in whofe 
 family it was not very long rince. 
 
 CowsKir.L, (Norf.) on the banks 
 of the Bure, p.-ar Baconthorp, whore, 
 by a grant of Hen. III. a fcrvar.t who 
 remained a year was ro go out free. 
 
 COXV/OLD, (York. N. R.) to the 
 S. E. of Thirfk, being the manor of 
 Tho. Ughtred, he obtained a Mt. 
 and a Fair here, on Angufl 1 5, the 
 former cf which has been long dif- 
 ufed. A fr. fc. w.-s buiit here, the 
 gift of Sir John Hart, lord-mayor of 
 London, in 1580, who alfo left an 
 endowment for the mufter and two 
 ufhcrs, and 20 ,-. to a preacher, for 
 3 fermons every year, befides 20 s. 
 for an annual repair, for the vifitors 
 of the fc. but the Ld. Edw. Wotton 
 beftovved moir of the ftones, flate, .. 
 and timber. Sir John alfo borrowed 
 en Sidney Coll. in Cambridge 4 fcho- 
 larlhips and 2 fel;o',v/hip c , for the 
 feholars coming from this fc. In the 
 Ch. are divers monuments of the 
 Bella'is's, novvW . Faulconbridgc ; 
 of which family, Thomas, who was 
 created an Earl by K. Will. HI. 
 built an alm/h. hers, and, at his 
 death, gave a confiderable legacy 
 to it. 
 
 CRAKEMERSH, (S '*$".) near the 
 conflux of the Tein-.vatTr and Dove, 
 be!, formerly to the Delves's ; from 
 whom, it parted to the Sheffields ; Lut 
 was afterwards fold to Rob. Collier, 
 and, by his fon, to Sir Gilbert Ger- 
 hard, mafter of the rolls. 
 
 CRAKENTHORP, (Tl'ejirxor. ) near 
 Appleby, on the r. Eden, is famous 
 for its hall or manor-houfe on the E. 
 fide, which, at cording to Camden, 
 has bel. to the family of the Mache's 
 ever fince the Conqueft ; and for its 
 moors, over which the Roman mili- 
 tary-way pafT-th, called the Maiden- 
 Way, on which are the marks of 
 wonderful camps, and where have 
 been found many antiquities. 
 
 (7 CR A M BOR N, (Dorfet.) 76 cm. 
 
 98 mm, from London, is a pretty 
 
 N 3 litcie
 
 C R 
 
 C R 
 
 liu!e T. well watered, and pleafantly 
 fiiuate in a healthy fportmg country, 
 j._ .; i chace which extends ahv.oit as 
 Jar as Salifbury, and has a hcute in 
 it, which is a feat of the Earl, of 
 Salifbury, Ld. of thcmnnor, to whom 
 Crambcm has the honour of giving 
 the title of Vifc. the firft th^t \vore 
 a coronet in this degree of the Peer- 
 age being Rob. Cecil, that had bten 
 fecretary of ftate to Q._Eliz. \vhofe 
 fucceflbr created him firtt Vifc. Cr; m - 
 born, and afterwards Eari of Salif- 
 bury. Here was formerly a mon. 
 built by K. Edward the Eider. Its 
 Mt. is on W. and Fairs Aug. 24. and 
 Dec. 6. A little r. runs from hence, 
 *i'hich joins the Stour at the b. of 
 Hampshire. 
 
 ^> CR AN BROOK, (Ktnt) 44 cm. 
 60 mm. from London, in a woody part 
 of the Co. is the place where the firft 
 \voollen mf. in the Km. was ereled,by 
 thofe Flemings who were encouraged 
 to fut'.ie here by K. Ed\v. TH. in or- 
 der to teach the art to his fubjects j 
 and durable cloths, with good mix- 
 tures and perfect colours, ufed to be 
 ir.ade here formerly ; but that trade 
 has long fince de^yed. A beacon 
 was fet up here in the R. of Q._ElJ7. 
 Here is the greateir. Mt. in f he'c parts 
 on S. and its Fairs are MJJ 19 and 
 Sett. i. 
 
 CR ANBURK-LoDGE,(2?t'>-^j) I m. 
 
 from Windfor, in the middle of the 
 foreft, is a line houfc on a hill, 
 with a moft charming profpecl, wliich 
 v/as built l.y the late Earl of Rar.e- 
 lagh, and is now in pofleilion of his 
 grand-daughter the Ccuntefs of Co- 
 nioefl))*. 
 
 CRANDON, or LoNG-Ca ANDOX, 
 as 'tis called in the Maps, and by 
 feme, CP.EDENDE:;, (Bucks) lies on 
 the Tame, near Ecnrwocd-Foreft, 
 ind was the ancient feat of the Gi:'- 
 fu'dr, feme of whom were Earls of 
 Buckingham. 
 
 CRANFOPD, ( Mid.!. ) en the 
 N. W. fide of Hounflow, has a 
 bridge over the r. Crane. The moft 
 
 '. of this manor was John de 
 
 Cranford, who gave it to the K's. 
 Templars, and, on their D.ii'. 'tv.as 
 fettled on thofe of St. John of Jetu- 
 falem } and K. Ken. VIII. ( 
 it to Will. Ld. Windfor ; but it Lei. 
 to the crown in the R. cf K. Ja. I. 
 he gave it to Lady Berkley, gieat- 
 grandmoiher to the Eurl cf Berkley, 
 w ho has a feat here. It has r, t . 
 
 CRANI.EY, (Hurry) bet. Vacherv 
 and Rigbridte-Hill, 3 m. from Dark- 
 ir.f, and Guilford, was the rranor and 
 fci;t of the Sidneys, anceflcn to the 
 Earls of Leiceftcr, and lately that of 
 Edv,-. Bray, Efqj- 
 
 CRANWICK, ( AV/". ) on the r. 
 Wifiy, in the road from Srnndcn- 
 Fcrry to Swafthain, formerly the 
 mancv of John Ld. Clifton. 
 ^ CR AT FI EUD, (Suf.) near Kalef- 
 worth, \\as, in the R. of K<Hv. III. 
 the Lp. of Thomas d 
 Earl of Norfolk, and after him, of 
 Henry Ld. P.crcy. 
 
 fc^CR A Y FOR D, (Kent} near Dart- 
 ford, loan. 14 mm. fr. m London, 
 had anciently a fo;d c\t-i the r. Cray, 
 or Crouch, a little : b-..ve its infiux into 
 the 'J'hames. T he Abps. of Cantcr- 
 hurv. who hud anciently fome pof- 
 feilions in this p. procured a Mr. here 
 on 1':i. r.r>'\ T Fnir ( r. the f\\:::vi,y 
 of the V:rv : .r. n-L;,-<;, sr.d 4 days 
 iifter. In "the adjatent henth and 
 fluids are fundry caves, fuppofed to 
 have been dug by the Saxons, for the 
 reception of their wives and child- 
 ren, and their goods, during their 
 wars with the Britons. 
 
 g^ CRAT-ST.-MARY'S, (Kent) 
 near the fource of the r. Cray, 
 ii m. from London ; has a Mt. on 
 W. and Fair on Ftb. z, with a 
 ch. fc. There are many woods cf 
 birch hereabouts, from whence the 
 broorr-makers in Kent- Street, South- 
 wark, are fupplied. 
 
 CRAY-NORTH, (Kent}' on the 
 other fide of the r. N. E. of Foot's- 
 Cray ; the feat of Sir Tho. D'Aeth, 
 Bt. near which, in a wocd, a fub- 
 terraneous fire was difcovered, in 
 1723, which Jo alarmed the neigh- 
 bourhood,
 
 C R 
 
 C R 
 
 bcurhood, that many wagscns were 
 employed liberal days, to fetch wa- 
 ter from Bexley to quench it. 
 
 {3* CREDIT ON, vulgo KIR TON, 
 (Dsvor..) 7 m. from Exeter, 147 cm. 
 183 mm. from London, ftands on 
 the r. Creden ; am), in the time of 
 the Saxons, was the See cf a Bp. 
 which, tho' afterwards .tranflated to 
 Exeter, the Cathedral is itill ftand- 
 i'.j j and hoie is a meadow called 
 My Lord'i Mer.dow. Here was born 
 Boniface Abp. of Mentz, commonly 
 !:s German Apoitle, becaufe 
 he converted the Heiiians, 6ff. in 
 Germany to Chriftianity. Its chief 
 mf. is icrge, in which it drove a great 
 trade, and was a flouriihing T. till 
 the lAth of Aug. 1743, when above 
 460 houfes w;.rc Ki:nt <.;ou:i, btfides 
 the inarket-Jiouu-, wool- chambers, 
 and other publicic buildings j fo that 
 the icis in goods, and Cork in trade, 
 was computed at near 3000 /. and 
 ths lofs in houfcs and goods unin- 
 lured, at or near 50,000 /. Here is 
 a iVlt. on . 2nd F;iir en St. La-w- 
 r-nc^i-day. Here \vas once a college, 
 and a chapel dedicated to St. Law- 
 rence, long lince in ruins, being ali- 
 enated, together with the Bp's. palace, 
 to the family of the Killigrews. In 
 the R. of Edw. I. it fent members 
 to a Pt. at Carlifle. Here is a ch. fc, 
 
 if. CREKEI.ADE, (J'/iht} 66cm. 
 8 1 mm. from London, is an ancient 
 Bor. by prescription, at the influx of 
 the Churn and Rev into the "I hamc? . 
 .Its Lp. was in the family of the Earls 
 of Cambridge and Ds. of York, till 
 it pa/Ted into the family of Hunger- 
 ford. It had once a mon. It con- 
 tains near 1400 houfes, and is go- , 
 verned by a bailiff. One great ad- 
 vantage to this place is, its fr. fc. 
 built by Rob. Jenner, Efqj and en- 
 dowed with 40 /. a year. Its Mt. 
 is on S. Fair.? the 3d W. in Jpril 
 and July, the 3d Tu. in Aug. and 
 St. * Matt> civ 1 s-day. This place is 
 faid, by fome writers, upon mere 
 conjeclure, to have been formerly 
 called Creckflade, from the Grecians 
 3 
 
 who taught and ftudied here, and are 
 fuppcfed to have removed hence to 
 Oxford, and there to have laid the 
 foundation of an U. It hath lent 
 members to Pt. from the zoth of 
 Ed.v. II. 
 
 CREKE, N. and S. (A'v;/.) near 
 Burnharn, had a large fortification, 
 and the way that leads from it is, 
 to this clay, called Bloodjate, in re- 
 rnem'm-ance of the difmal il.'.iuhu-r 
 made there in the wars bet. the Saxons 
 and Danes. 
 
 CRESWKLI., (Staff.} a hamlet in 
 the manor of Sandon, bcl. anciently 
 to the family of Crefwells, and after- 
 wards went by marriage to the Bie- 
 retons. 
 
 CREW, (C/v/Z>.) on the r. WaT- 
 wan, which fails into the Wcever,' 
 v.as the rciidcnce of the honoui.ib'e 
 family of the Crews, anceftors 01 l!:e 
 late Bp. of Durham, and is now the 
 feat of Juhn Crew, Efq; 
 
 CREWEXHAI.E, (//';>.) not far 
 from Henley, was the Lp. of n fa- 
 mily of that name, from Hi-n. III. 
 to Hen. VI. when it went by mar- 
 riage to Will. Parker, of Clurtley 
 in Staffozd/hire ; and it was after- 
 wards, by purchafe, the eflaie of the 
 Grr fV.-ouids, of Solihuil in this Co. 
 
 83 s CREW KERN, (i'om.} icocm. 
 133 mm. from London, is a j;ood 
 ihorouf l.hiie 0:1 die Parret, near tiie 
 b. of Dorfet/hlrc. It has a Mt. on 
 . for tcri>, ih'-tr, ijfc. hus a ch. fc. 
 and had once a chantry. 
 
 CKIMPLEJHAM, (AV/.) on the 
 E. fide of Downham, v. us granted by 
 Hen. Walpole, Efq 5 to Sir John Fel- 
 briag, Sir John Howard,, &>Y. 
 
 CRJXAI.I., (Kitfi the p. of 
 Staple, near Wingham, bel. anciently 
 to the Brockliuls ; from whom it 
 paired to the Wadhatns, and from 
 them to the Fogs ; but was afterwards 
 fold, firft to Mr. Eanifter, then to 
 Tucker and Smith, und afterwards 
 to Dr. Fcthcrby, Dean of Canter- 
 bury. 
 
 CROCKSDON-ABBEY, (Staf.) 
 
 5 m. N, W. of Uttoxetcr, nrar a 
 
 brook
 
 C R 
 
 brcok called the Peak, was built by 
 Verden, a Norman Baron, in whole 
 family the manor continued for many 
 fuccelfions, and feveral of his de- 
 fccndants were buried in it. At the 
 Difr. the fite of this men. was given 
 to the Fuljambs, one of whom after- 
 wards fold it. 
 
 CROFT-CASTLE, (Hcref.} on the 
 N. W. of Leominfter, a little below 
 the conflux of the Wadels and the 
 Lug, is the feat of Sir Archer Croft, 
 delcended of an honourable family, 
 who had it even before the Ncrman 
 invafion. Here is a park, with a 
 camp and 2 ditches in it, called the 
 Ambry, from whence there is a lovely 
 profpedT:. 
 
 CROM ALL-ABBOTS, (G7o<r.)near 
 Acton and the r. Frome, was given 
 to the mon. of St. Auftin in Briftol, 
 by the Ld. Berkley, in 1148. On 
 Anchorite's-Hill here are the ruins 
 of a cell, faid to have been the re- 
 fidence of the anchorite who was 
 confulted by the monks of Bangor, 
 \\hcn they went to meet Auftin the 
 monk, who was fer.t to convert the 
 Saxons. Not very long ago a che- 
 quered pavement was difcovered here ; 
 and here was lately the feat of Mrs. 
 Allen. 
 
 CROMALL-LIGONS is the name 
 of the manor of Cromall, from the 
 Ligons, who were for a long time 
 the Lds. of it ; but it is now in 
 the pefieffion of Ld. Ducy Moreton, 
 who has a large park here. The p. 
 of Cromall is 14 mm. from Briftol, 
 in the road to Glocefter, 10 m. in 
 com. chiefly pafture, and well wa- 
 tered. 
 
 C R o M z*A B B o T s, CROME- 
 EARLS, and CR o M r-Y o u N G s, 
 (Wore.) are villages on the E. fide of 
 the Severn, bet. Upton and Wor- 
 eefter. The firft was the feat of the 
 Ld. Coventry. 
 
 CROMER, (Hertf.} 3 m. W. of 
 Buntingford, in the road from Hert- 
 ford to Cambridgeshire, bel. in the 
 R. of Hen. HI. to Philip Lovell, 
 and, in that of Edw. I. to Roger de 
 
 C R 
 
 la Ley. In the R. of Rich. HI. it 
 
 was in the poiTeflion of his favourite 
 Sir Will. Catefty ; whofe ion, in the 
 R. of Hen. VIII. fold it to George 
 Clark and his wife, for their lives, 
 with the remainder to John Clark 
 and his heirs, who held this manor 
 of the D. and C. of St. Paul's, Lon- 
 don ; one of whofe pofterity fold it 
 to Matt. Scrivener of Walkerne. 
 
 f^> CROMER, (Norf.) on the 
 N. E. coall, 23mm. frum Norwich, 
 JC2 cm. 137 mm. fiom London, 
 has a harbour, and was formerly 
 much larger than 'tis now, having 
 2 p. Chs. one of which, with mr.ny 
 of the houfes, was fwallowed up by 
 an inundation of the tea. 'Tis chiefly 
 inhabited and frequented by fi/her- 
 men, efpecially for lobfters, which 
 are caught here in great quantities, 
 and carrie^ to Norwich, and feme to 
 London ; for 'tis a rocky coaft, and the 
 fc-amen call Cromcr-Bay the De\iJ'j 
 Throat. Its Mr. is on 5. 
 
 CROMISH-GIFFARD, (Ox/.) on. 
 the Thames, alnioftover-againirWal- 
 Jingford, of which the Gifrards were 
 the ancient Lds. has the ruins of a 
 fortification, fuppofed to have been 
 ereclea by K. Stephen, when he 
 bcfieged the Emprefs Maud in Wiil- 
 lingford caftle. 
 
 CROPHIIL, or, as 'tis called in 
 the Maps, CROP WFI L-BiSHOP j 
 and CP.OPWEI.L-BUTLER, (Nottt) 
 lie contiguous bet. Bingham and 
 Stanton, and have their lands inter- 
 mixed in one field ; fo that they 
 were both probably only one p. but 
 made diftinft on account of the two 
 Lps. in it, one of which bel. for- 
 merly to the Abp. of York, and was 
 called Crophill-Bi/hops, and the o- 
 ther was called Crophill-Butler, from 
 the Butlers of Warrington in Lan- 
 ca/hire, who were Lds. of thi ma- 
 nor from the R. of Hen. III. fo 
 Hen. VIII. The Grange was latery 
 in the pofTeflion of the Ld. Cha- 
 worth ; but the manor being verted 
 in Tho. Hutchinibn, after fome con- 
 left with Ld. C. J. Saunders, con- 
 tinued
 
 C R 
 
 C R 
 
 tinued in his family fome fuccefiions, 
 till Sir Tho. Hutchinfon fold the farms 
 to divers freeholders, and thedemefne 
 to the E. of Kingfton ; from whom it 
 pailed to his defendants the Ds. of 
 Kingfton. The inh. refort to Tithc- 
 by, as their p. Ch. There's a hill 
 bet. the 2 Crop-.vells, coil'd Heu-Hill. 
 
 CRBSBY, GREAT and LITTLE, 
 (Lane.} near Liverpool, bel. hereto- 
 fore to the ViHers family, and the 
 Molintuxos. The former has a fr. fc. 
 and in the latter have been dug up fe- 
 vcral Saxon coins. In the neighbour- 
 hood are frequent horfe-races. 
 
 53* CROSCOMB, ( Soni. ) near 
 Weils and Shepton-Mailet ; from 
 which laft a r. runs through it, that 
 drives feveral mills. K. Edw. I. 
 granted it a Mt. and a Fair at Laiiy- 
 daj ; and his charter was confirmed 
 by Edw. III. and Hen. IV. The Mt. 
 being difufed, another was procured 
 for it by the Ld. of its manor, Hugh 
 Fortefcue, Efq; father of Ld. Clinton ; 
 this too is in a manner loll, only fome- 
 times there is an appearance of one on 
 Tu. at the crofs. Some cloth is made 
 here, but the chief mf. is ftockings. 
 
 ST. CROSS, (Hatnp.) near Win- 
 chefter, a hof. founded by Will. Ru- 
 fus, for relieving diftrefied travellers 
 with a manchet of bread, and a pot of 
 beer. Cardinal Beaufort, Bp. ofWin- 
 chefter,halfbrotherofK.Hen.IV. en- 
 dowed it with lands worth 5Oo/. a year, 
 for the maintenance of a mafter, 2 
 chaplains, 3 5 decayed gentlemen, and 
 3 women ; but dying, before the foun- 
 dation was compleated, Hen. VI. in. 
 corporated them under a reclor of 
 thi::i own, by the n.ime of the NWJ 
 of NiHa Poverty, and gave 
 them a common feal, and power to 
 j-urchafe, &c. Since the civil wars, 
 their number is reduced to 14. They 
 wear black gowns, go to prayers twice 
 a thy to the Ch. which is built in 
 the form of a crofs j and have 2 hot 
 mcah a. day, except in Lent, when 
 they have, only bread and butter, or 
 chiefs, and 12 s. in money, to buy 
 \vhat oihcr provifions they pleafe 5 
 
 but there have been very few gemir- 
 inen aomitted, fince the Reft, the ge- 
 nerality being broken tradefmen, put 
 in at the pleafure of the mafter, who 
 lives very grand, his income being 
 800 /. a year ; befides, that he is ge- 
 nerally a prebend of the cathedrr.]. 
 
 CRCSSELEY, with its Heath, 
 (Hartf.) in the p. of Rkkmerfwurth, 
 brt. Vafniobury and Cafhio-Bridge, 
 be!, formerly to the abbey of St. Al- 
 bansj but Q._Eiiz. gave it to her 
 phjfician, Dr. C.iius, who founded 
 Cans-Coil. Cambridge, and added 
 this manor v, it. 
 
 CXOSSTKWAITE, (Cum'f.} near 
 Kefwick, ftands on the Dcrv.cnt. To 
 this place Sir John Banks, attorney- 
 general of K. Cha. I. who v/as born 
 here, gave a confiderable bencfaclion 
 for erefting a workhoufe for the 
 poor. 
 
 CR'OWHERST, (Siin-y] near Battle 
 in SufTex, a manor of about 400 /. a 
 year, be!, anciently to the Gainsfords ; 
 but, about 80 years ago, went, by 
 marriage, to that of Chriftmaff, and 
 was not long after mortgaged, and at 
 laft <old ; and is now the feat of James 
 Pelham, Efq;. 
 
 {^ CSOWLANP, (Line.} 71 cm. 
 83 mm. from London, had formerly 
 an abbey, dctfroyed by the Danes, but 
 rebuilt by K. Eadred. Though tl is 
 place is fo inclofed with bops, that it 
 is not acceflible, but on the N. and E. 
 fides, and there only by narrow cai- 
 feys, yet it is pretty well inhabited, 
 and confifts of 3 ftreets, that are fepa- 
 r..t.\i by water courfes, planted with 
 willows, and built on plies, having a 
 commur.icaticn with one another, by 
 a triangular bridge of curii "s contri- 
 vance, at the conflux of the Nyne anJ 
 Wclland, each bafe whereof is faid to 
 be in a different Co. Their greatefl 
 gain is from fUh, and from wild ducks ; 
 of which forr.etimes they drive 3000 
 into a net at once by dogs ; and they 
 are brought hither, by decoy ducks 
 bred for the puvpol'e. For the liberty 
 of fifhing, they pay now to the K. *<; 
 they did Jcimeriy to the abbot, 300 /.
 
 C R 
 
 C R 
 
 a rear. At no carts ever come here, 
 by reafon of the impaflablenefs of the 
 boggy foil, it was a common proverb, 
 " that all the carts, which come to 
 " Crowland, were food with f:!ver 5" 
 but the foil is much improved of late 
 by drains and flu ices ; and moft of the 
 ponds are now turned into corn fields. 
 The Mt. here is on . and the Fair 
 Aug. 24. A caufey leads from hence, 
 bet. the r. Welland and the marines } 
 on which, about am. ftom Crowland, 
 ftood a pyramid, with an infcription, 
 denoting that it was theutmoft boun- 
 dary of the abbey's iurifdiction, which 
 was in a fort of ifland, 3 m. in length, 
 and 3 in breadth. The roof of the 
 abbey Ch. fell down 40 years ago. 
 *Twas of Irifti oak, finely carved and 
 fjilt ; and pieces of it are to be found 
 in almoft every houfe. It was made 
 a garrifon in the late civil war. Over 
 the \V. gate of the Ch. are the images 
 of divers Ks. abbots, &c. and, among 
 the reft, St. Guthliac (to whom the 
 abbey was dedicated) with a whip and 
 knife, his ufual fymbols ; and he lies 
 buried in a little ftone cottage, not far 
 from theabbey,called Anchor Church 
 Houfe, where was a chapel in which 
 he lived a hermit. There being no 
 pafture near them, the people go in 
 little /kerrles to milk the cows. 
 
 CROWS-HALI.,^/:) im. S.E. 
 of Debenham, was formerly the feat of 
 the Gawdvs, till SirCha. Gawdy, Bt. 
 conveyed it to John Pitt, Efq; in whofe 
 family it ftill remains 5 and the pro- 
 fits of the Fair, which bel. to Sir 
 Charles, paffed with the houfe pro- 
 bably to the prefent owner. 
 
 CROXTON, (Norf.) near Thetford. 
 Its high trees are much taken notice 
 of, for the pleafant profpecl: they yield 
 towards Lynn-Regis. Here w'as an- 
 ciently a park. 
 
 CROXTON-KYRIET., (Leic.) to 
 the N. E. of Saltby, on the b. of Lin- 
 colnfhire, had formerly a park and a 
 mon, in which were interred the 
 bowels of K. John a benefactor to it ; 
 and has now a ch. fc. The Es. of 
 Rutland had a feat here. 
 
 ROYDON, (Surry) 10 i-half 
 mm. from London, on the edge of 
 Banded-Downs. 'Tis Ibid, here was 
 once a royal palace, which, with the 
 manor, was given to the Abps. of 
 Canterbury, who turned it into a pa- 
 lace for themfelves ; but it is much 
 decayed fince Abp. Whitgift, wha 
 left a hof. here, endowed with farms 
 for the maintenance of a warden, and 
 28 men and women, decayed houfe- 
 keepers of Croydon and Lambeth ; 
 with a fchoolfor To boys and 10 girls, 
 and a houfe for the matter (who muft 
 be a clergyman) and 20 /. a year for 
 his falary. The Ch. here which is 
 reckoned the fineft and largeft in the 
 Co. has 2 fumptuous monuments for 
 Abps. Grindal and Sheldon ; and one 
 for Mr. Fran. Tyrrel, a grocer in 
 London, who gave 200 /. to build the 
 Mt. houfe. The Mt. which is on 5. 
 is chiefly for oats and oat -meal for 
 London, though there is a good fale 
 too for wheat and barley ; and its 
 fairs are June 24, and Sept. 21. the 
 latter much frequented by the youth 
 of both fexes from London, for wal- 
 nuts, &c. Here was formerly a 
 chantry. The adjacent hills are well 
 ftored with wood, of which great 
 quantities of charcoal are made for 
 London. 
 
 CRUDWELL, (Zfifo.) to the W. 
 of Crekelade, on the b. of Glocefter- 
 fiiire, by which runs the foft'e way, is 
 noted for giving the title of Barcnefs, 
 in the R. of Cha. I. to the only daugh- 
 ter and heir of Ld. Lucas ; which, on 
 failure of iffue male, was to be en- 
 joyed by her daughters, as an inde- 
 feafible inheritance. 
 
 CR u M w E L L,(.iY:.Y.;by the Trent, 
 N. of Newark, bel. to the Lds. Crum- 
 well, till the death of the laft, who 
 was treafurer of England, in the R. 
 of Hen . VI. In that of Hen. VII. it 
 was divided bet. Sir Will. Knivet and 
 Will. Fitzwilliams. At length it 
 was all fold to the Es. of Clare, except 
 a fmall part, which had been fold be- 
 fore, by Sir Tho. Williamfon, to Rob. 
 Hoyes, a tanner of Newark. 
 
 CRY-
 
 c u 
 
 c u 
 
 CRYKIELD, (War.) in the p. of D. and C. of the collegiate Ch. of 
 
 Stoneley, where, before the Norman Warwick. 
 
 invaficn, was a royal palace j and, CUDDESDON, (Oxf.) on the W. 
 
 after it a mon. which, with the lands fide of Thame, near Wheatley, and 
 
 bcl. to it, was granted by Hen. VIII. 5 m. E. from Oxford j the Bps. of 
 
 to Rob. Bocher, and his heirs. which having no palace, either in 
 
 CHBBJNGTON, (Wariv.) a large T. or country, Bp. Bancroft built 
 
 p. near Warwick, bel. formerly to one here, in the R. of Cha. I. who 
 
 the Kts. Templars, then to the Hof- gave him timber for it out of Shot- 
 
 pitallers, till the Ref. when Hen.VIII. over-Foreft. It was finifhed in 1635, 
 
 granted it to Hen. Herdfon and Edw. after it had coft him 35007. but 
 
 Watfon, and their heirs; who, by Co). Legg, in 1644, caufed it to ba 
 
 licence, alienated it to Rich. Fa\vk- burnt down to the ground, for fear 
 
 ner. Part of this manor, which had left the Pt. fhould put a garrifon into 
 
 bel. to the monks of Coventry, was it. However, Dr. Paul and Dr. Fell, 
 
 given by Edw. VI. to Sir "italph the two fucceflive Bps. reftored it, 
 
 Sadler, matter of the great ward- the former by providing timber for 
 
 robe, and the Hofpitallers part by it, and the latter by compleating the 
 
 Q^Eliz. to John Fifher and others. building on the old foundation. Here 
 
 {|P CUCKF IELD, (Suffex) 34 cm. is a ch. fc. for girls. 
 
 40 mm. from London. Irs Mt. which CULFORD, (Sujf.) on the N. fide 
 
 was at firft on M. now on F. and its of St. Edmundfbury ; feat of Ld, 
 
 Fair, which is on the eve-day and Cornwall]'?, built by Sir Nich. Ba- 
 
 - morrow after the Hely-Tritiity, were con, fon to the Ld. keeper of that 
 
 obtained of Edw. II. by the Earl of name. 
 
 Warren and Surry, then Ld. of the Cut LA COMB, (Devon-.) on the 
 
 manor ; which being afterwards for- r. Tamar, not far from Taviftock ; 
 
 feited by the Earl of Arundel, to the feat of Sir Will. Pole, Bt. whofe 
 
 whom it came by marriage , was manfion was formerly a caftle bel. to 
 
 granted by Rich. II. to Thomas de the Courtneys Earls of Devon, was 
 
 Moubray, whom he created D. of rebuilt by Sir Will. Pole, anccftor to 
 
 Norfolk. the above-mentioned, after it had 
 
 CUCKLJNGTON, (Som.) tothe been burnt down by the Pt. forces ia 
 
 S. E. of Wincanton, was, in the R. the civil war. 
 
 of Edw. I. the manor of Henry de ST. CULL AN Parva, called alfo 
 
 Ortray, who obtained a Mt. here on ST. COLON, (Corrrza. ) among the 
 
 Tu. and a Fair about Ail-Sainti-day, hills on the W. fide of Columb- 
 
 both long fince difufed. In the R. Magna, has that called the Lady of 
 
 of Edw. III. it came to John Ld. Nants Well, whither men, women 
 
 Molins j but in that of Rah. II. it and children ufed to come formerly, 
 
 was in the hands of John Fitz-Alan, to know their fortunes for that year, 
 
 Earl of Arundel ; and in that of by giving an offering to her ladyihip, 
 
 Edw. IV. it bel. to Reginald Ld. and throwing a palm crofs into tlie 
 
 Cohham. water en P^'m-Sunday. 
 
 CUCKO w-Cuinurn, (Wariu.) in g^=> CULI.ITON, (Devon.) 17 m. 
 
 Weujr.cck-Park, is now only the S.K. of Exeter, 125 cm. 159 mm. W. 
 
 , fite of an ancient chnpcl, \vhichbjl. of London, hs a Mt. ot5. aud Fairs 
 to a vilb.gs lonp fircc depopulated 
 
 30. Sir William 
 
 May I and N: 
 
 called Riclcmerlbury, r:id endowed Yonge has a feat here, 
 by the wife of Oibert Ciintcn ; and .CiJR HWOK T i;, ,y>"arw.) on the 
 
 o PP olite 
 
 the Earls of Warwick were its pa- 
 trons ; but it falling Vo decay, K. 
 
 X. !': 
 
 tu Water-Oi ten, bel. formerly 
 
 Hen. VJI. gave the lite vf it to ...^ : then vo tiio DU
 
 c u 
 
 TO 
 
 D A 
 
 CURRY MA L LET, (Sow.) on the 
 N. fide of Abbots-Leigh, is the next 
 p. to Hach-Beauchamp, and fo called 
 from the Mallets, its ancient Lds. 
 from whom it pafled by marriage to 
 the family of Pointz, one of whom 
 obtained a grant from Edw. II. of a, 
 Mr., on M. and a Fair on Sill-Saints- 
 <%, both long fmce difuled. In the 
 Rl of Hen. VI. it bcl. to John Tip- 
 toft Earl of Worcelkr. 
 
 CURRY-REVEL, (Fern.) near the 
 Parret r. oppofite to Langport, whofe 
 owner, cf the name of Revel, was a 
 perfon of great note in thofe pans ; 
 in the R. of Rich. I. it came thro' 
 feveral families to Sir John Monta- 
 cute, who having forfeited it by 
 treafon, it was given to the Marquis 
 ef Dorfet. 
 
 D A 
 
 D Ac OR -CASTLE, (Cumb.) at 
 the conflux of the Eden and 
 Dacor, on the S. fide of Penrith, 
 was anciently the feat of the Barons 
 of Daror, and fmce of the Earls of 
 Suflex ; and had once a men. 
 
 DAGENHAM, (EJftx) is a manor 
 in the liberty of Havering, 9 m. frcm 
 London, which bel. fome time ago 
 to Rkh. Comins, and fmce to Sir 
 Will. Humfreys, Bt. A breach was 
 made here, near 40 years ago, by the 
 Thames, which laid near 5000 acres 
 of Land under water ; but, after 
 near 10 years inundation, during 
 "which the works were feveral times 
 blown up, it was at lafl flopped by 
 Capt. Perry, who had been employed 
 feveral years in the Czar of Mufcovy's 
 works at Vcronitza on the r. Don. 
 Here was formerly a chantry. 
 
 D A :. A i Y -C A s T L r. , (Sa,'of>) on 
 the N. E. fide of Wrekin-Hill, near 
 the Watling-Street, was, in the R. 
 of Rich. II. annexed, by act of Pt. 
 to the principality of Chefter. 
 
 DALDEN, (Durban) on the coaft 
 aot In from Eifir^u-n, formerly bel. 
 
 to a .family of the fame name, but 
 fmce to the Milbanks. 
 
 DALE, (Derhyjh.) on the E. fide 
 of Derby, had formerly an abbey in 
 a rnoon/h place called Depedale, 
 which was endowed with the neigh- 
 bouring 1\ and park of Stanley. 
 
 DALE-MAIN, (Cumb.) near Da- 
 cor-Caille, was the feat of Edward 
 Haflel, Efq; heid of the barony of 
 Greyftock, in Cornagc, whereby the 
 poflcflors of land; here were obliged, 
 under the penalty of forfeiting them, 
 to found a horn upon the approach of 
 the enemy, and to ferve in the wars 
 againft the Scots, marching in the 
 van and returning in the rear. 
 
 DA i. HAM, (Stiff.) near Newmar- 
 ket, was, in the R. of Q^Eiiz. the 
 manor of the Stutevills. The fteeple 
 of its Ch. was blown down by the 
 ftorm of wind at the death of Oliver 
 Cromwel. Here is a ch. fc. and a 
 feat of John Affleck, Efq; 
 
 D ALSTON, (Cumb;) on the S. fide 
 of Carlifle, near the r. that rms to 
 it, was a barony united, by Hen. II. 
 to the foreft of Englewocd, whereof 
 it continued a member, till Hen. III. 
 disfcrefted it, and gave or fold it t 
 the then Bp. of Carli/le, whofe fuc- 
 cefTors in that See have enjoyed it- 
 ever fince ; but the old manfion- 
 houfe, with the manor of Dalfton- 
 Parva, are, to this day, in the pof- 
 feflion of the Dalfton?. 
 
 8^ DALTON. (Lane.) upon the 
 Dudden-Sands in Loynfdale, 200 m. 
 from London, has a Mt. en S. and 
 Fair on W. before E after. 
 
 DANBURY, (Eflex) near Chelms- 
 ford, upon a high hill, at the top 
 whereof ftands its Ch. with a tall 
 fpire, that is a fea-mark. The 
 D'Arcys , who carre ov;r with 
 William the Conqueror, were Lds. 
 cf this manor for many )er,rs. They 
 were fucceeded by the Windhsmr', 
 and thefe by the Mildmays, who had 
 a feat here called Danbury -Place. 
 *Tis now the feat of Mr. Fitch. In 
 its Ch. were 3 chantries, founded by 
 the D'Arcys. 
 
 DANBY,
 
 D A 
 
 D A 
 
 DANBY, (York. N. R.) between 
 Cleveland and Blackmore-Foreft, at 
 the fource of a r. that runs into the 
 E/k. It bel. many years from the 
 Ccnquefl:, to the Brus's, and was after- 
 wards fold to the Nevils, of whom 
 were the Lds. Latimer. It gave the 
 title of Earl to Henry Ld. Danvers, 
 in the R. of Cha. I. and in the next, 
 to Thomas O/born, who was, by K. 
 Will. III. created D. of Leeds, the 
 anceftor of the prefent D. 
 
 DANE-COURT, (Kent) in the p. 
 of Chilham, bel. to the Garwintons 
 till the R. of Hen. IV. when it 
 pafl'ed, by the female-heir, to Rich. 
 Haute ; and, by the fame way, to 
 Will. Ifaac, whole defcendant fold it 
 to Hales, and hi, heirs to Sprucklin, 
 whofe family was originally of the 
 Me of Thanet. 
 
 DANE-END, or DANE-STREET- 
 END, (Hertf.) on the S. fide of the 
 Waldens, where the Danes are fup- 
 pofed to have done or fuffercd fome- 
 thing remarkable. Noiden fays, their 
 incurfions were flopped here by a lig- 
 nal defeat. 
 
 DANIELS, (Hertf.) near Sandon, 
 bel. formerly to the Staffords and the 
 Newports j from whom it came to 
 Thomas Bowles, in the R. of Philip 
 and Mary ; from him it came to 
 Tho. Morifon, and his fon fold it to 
 Tho. Flyer of Brent-Pelham, whofe 
 fon, Francis, built a good houfe 
 here. 
 
 DANTSEY, (Wilts) near Malmf- 
 bury, and on the fame r. gave title 
 of Baron, in the R. of K. James I, 
 to Henry Danvers, the above-men- 
 tioned Earl of Danby ; whofe brother 
 being attainted of high-treafon at the 
 Reftoration, for having been one of 
 the judges at the trial of Cha. I. 
 this manor was given to James D, of 
 York, who fettled it in dowry on his 
 fecond confort, Q^Maiy. On his, 
 Abdication, it became a fecond time 
 forfeited, when K. William conferred 
 it on Charles Earl of Peterborough. 
 'Tis remarked, that this p. is all 
 tne manor, and very rich pjfiure j 
 
 fo that here is made excellent cheefe, 
 not inferior to that of Chedder, which 
 indeed is its only commodity. 'Tis 
 thought, that when all the lives drop 
 upon which this manor is leafed out, 
 it will, at a rack-rent, amount to at 
 leaft 3000 /. a year. Here is a good 
 old mantion-houfe, with gardens like 
 thofe of Peterborough-Houfe on Par- 
 fons-Green, and a fine park, well 
 timbered, tho', by the lownefs of its 
 fituation, the place is often over- 
 flowed. Yet here is no good water, 
 either for wafhing or brewing ; nor 
 is there any fpring but a Chalybeat 
 one, which turns to no account, be- 
 caufe of the bad roads hereabouts ; 
 fo that this place was never vifited 
 by either party in the late civil wars. 
 Here is a neat Ch. with one of the 
 belt built high fquare towers in the 
 Km. raifed at the expence of one of 
 the Lds. of Dantfey. The firft of 
 them, that was E. of Danby, founded 
 and endowed an almfh. and a fr. fc. 
 here. 
 
 ^ DARK i KG, (Surry) 20 cm. 
 24 mm. from London, on a branch 
 of the r. Mole, juft before it run* 
 under-ground. 'Twas deftroyed by 
 the Danes, but was rebuilt by Ca- 
 nute, or the Normans. It ftands on 
 a foft fandy rock, in which are dug 
 feveral convenient cellars. Accord- 
 ing to a cuftom of this manor, of 
 which the Howard family of the 
 Norfolk branch are Lds. the youngeft 
 fon, or youn^eft brother of a cufro- 
 mary tenant, is heir of the cufto- 
 mary eftates of the tenant dying in- 
 teftate. The great Roman caufey 
 called Stone-Street paffes through its 
 church-yard. Some learned phyfi- 
 cians have faid the beft ?,ir in Eng- 
 land is upon Cottman-Dean, ( /. f . 
 the heath of poor cottagers) bel. to 
 this T.' on which fland their alm/ns. 
 This place is noted for its meal trade, 
 and its Mt, for poultry, particularly 
 the fatteft geefe and the largeft ca- 
 pons, which are brought hither from 
 Korinam. Wheat is brought hither 
 from ihe WiJds of Sufiex"; and on 
 O aiofl
 
 D A 
 
 D A 
 
 moft of the Mt. days, 'tis furniflied John Spilman, to whom K. Cha. I. 
 with all forts of fea-fifh. Its Mt. is granted a patent, with 200 /. a year 
 on Th. and Fair on Hefy-Tb. the to encourage the mf. On this r. 
 greateft in England for lambs. Mr. was alfo the firft mill for flitting iron 
 Howard is Ld. of above half the bars to make wire. In Jan. 1738, 
 manor. a powder-mill was blown up here, 
 
 DARLETON, (Nott.) on theN.E. (for the 4th time in 8 years) when, 
 fide of Tuxford, having been anci- tho' all the fervants were at their 
 ently an appurtenance of the royal duty, not one was hurt. Here are 
 manor of" Dunham, was, by King 2 church-yards, one about the Ch. 
 Edw. I. farmed to the inh. In the the other on the top of the hill to- 
 R. of Q^ Eliz. Sampfon Meverel wards Northfleet, which is fo fteep, 
 v. as Ld. ot" it. Here is, or was lately that it overlooks the tower of the 
 in ufe, a free-chapel. Ch. The T. is finely watered with 
 
 jt^" DARLINGTON, (Durham ) 2 or 3 very good fprings, and full of 
 lS6 cm. 243 mm. from London, inns and other publick-houfes, by 
 has a ftone-bridge over the Skern, reafon of its being a great thorough - 
 which runs into the Tees. 'Tis a fare from London to Canterbury and 
 poft-town and thoroughfare from Dover ; and it has a harbour for 
 London to Berwick, and the moft barges. Its Mt. which is on S. is 
 noted in the N. of England for the chiefly for corn, and its Fair July 22. 
 linnen mf. particularly of hucka- K. Edw. III. at his return once from 
 becks 10 quarters wide, which are France, had a general tournament 
 Tnade no where elfe in the Km. and performed here by his nobles ; and 
 therefore fent in great quantities to he founded a nunnery here, \vhofe 
 London, &c. Some fine linnen is abbefs and nuns were elected for 
 alfo made here, the Skern water be- moft part out of the nobleft families 
 ing fo famous for bleaching it, that of the nation ; but K, Hen. VIII. 
 great quantities have been fent hither turned it into a palace. In the R. 
 for that purpofe from Scotland ; and of Hen. VI. an almfli. was founded 
 the r. is alfo famous for its pikes, here in honour of the Trinity, (to 
 This is one of the 4 ward Ts. of the which the Ch. is dedicated) for the 
 Co. Its Ch. was formerly collegiate, perpetual vicar and Ch. -wardens, and 
 and confifted of a dean and 4 pre- for 5 poor decrepid men, of which 
 bendaries. Here are ftill fome re- the vicar and wardens were to be 
 mains of an epifcopal palace, with perpetual mafter and a body corpo- 
 a fpacious Mt. -place, and a hand- rate, having a common feal, and a 
 fome Ch. but the ftreets not being licence to aflign lands and rents to 
 paved, are very dirty in winter. Its the hof. of 20 /. a year value. 
 Mt. is on M. for cattle, corn, &c. DARTMORZ, (Devon.) bet. Ta- 
 Fair on Wlitftn-M. viftock and Chegford, in the midft 
 
 (J^ 3 DARTFORD, (Kent) 12 cm. of which is Crockern-Torr, a high 
 16 mm. from London, and j i from hill, on which is held a general fef- 
 Rochefter, is properly called Darent- fion of Pt. by the iurats, who are 
 ford, from its fituation on the Da- chofe from the 4 ftannary courts of 
 rent, which runs through it, and falls coinage for the Devonfhire tinners. 
 not far off into the Thames. It was s| DARTMOUTH, (Devon.) is a 
 
 f Clif 
 
 difgraced by Ring the firft T. in the corp. formed 
 
 ifton, Dart- 
 
 rebellion of Wat Tyler and Jack mouth, and Hardnefs, which were 
 
 Straw, but has been fince honoured, originally 3 diftinft Ts. 'Tis 165 
 
 by giving title of Vifc. to the Earl of cm. and I92mm. from London. The 
 
 Jerfey. The firft paper-mill in Eng- r. Dart, which rifes in Dartmore- 
 
 land was erefied on this r. by Sir Foreft, runs into its harbour. 'Twas 
 
 4 called
 
 D A 
 
 D A 
 
 called Clifton, from the cliffs on 
 which moft of the houfes were foun- 
 ded ; and out of which many of them 
 were dug. 'Twas burnt in the R. of 
 Rich. I. by the French, and again in 
 the R. of Hen. IV. They attempted 
 it afterwards, but were repulfed ; and 
 chiefly by the bravery of the women, 
 who fought fo like amazons, that, 
 befides a great (laughter which they 
 made, they took M. Caftel the French 
 general, 3 Lds. and 23 Kts. prifoners. 
 'Tis governed by a mayor, 12 matters, 
 or magiftrates, nC.C. men, a re- 
 corder, i bailiffs, a town-clerk, and 
 a high fteward ; the 3 laft chofen by 
 the mayor and magiftrates, who have 
 a power to make freemen. The may- 
 or, bailiffs and coroner, are chofe 
 yearly. Here is a court of feflion, and 
 a water bailiffwick court, holden by 
 a Jeafe from the dutchyof Cornwal for 
 3 lives, for which they pay 14 /. a 
 year chief rent. The T. which is a 
 m. long, ftands on the fide of a craggy 
 hill, with ftreets very irregular, being 
 fometimes 2 or 3 one above another ; 
 yet the houfes are generally very high. 
 500 fail of fliips may ride in its har- 
 bour, which is defended by 3 caftles, 
 befides forts and block-houfes ; and 
 its entrance may, upon occafion, be 
 fliut up with a chain. Here is a large 
 key, and before it a fpacious ftreer, 
 where live feme confiderable mer- 
 chants, who trade to Portugal, Italy, 
 Newfoundland, ~&c. and from the 
 latter to Italy, &c. with fifli. Here 
 is the greateft pilchard fimery alfo of 
 any place in the W. except Falmouth. 
 The property of the manor is vefted 
 in the corp. Here are 3 Chs. befides 
 a large diffenting meeting-houfe. The 
 fhipping and trade of this port and T. 
 was the moft confiderable of any in 
 the Co. except Exeter, till Plymouth's 
 late increafe in both. It gave the 
 title of Baron to Geo. Legg, formerly 
 governor of Portfmouth, as it does 
 now of E. to his fon Will. Legg. Its 
 Mt. is F. The freemen, who vote 
 for its members of Pt. are 78, and 
 the return is made by the mayor. 
 
 This was firft made a mayor and Bor. 
 T. by K. John. K.Edw.'lII. granted 
 that the burgefies mould be toll free, 
 throughout England, &c. Rich. II. 
 in confideration of their having aflifted 
 him with ammunition and provisions 
 in his war with France, enacted, that 
 tin mould only be exported from 
 hence. K. Edw. IV. to reward their 
 courage againft the French, tranflated 
 the port hither from Fowey, and gave 
 them 20 /. a year in fee-farm ; to 
 which Rich. III. and Hen. VII. added 
 20 /. a year more. The high rents 
 bel. to this corp. amount to about 
 69 /. a year. It began to fend mem- 
 bers to Pt. the 2,6th of Edw. I. but 
 no mere, till the I4th of Edw. III. 
 Here was formerly a chantry. 
 
 DARWEN-COTE, (Durham) in 
 the manour of Chopwell, has a great 
 quantity of oak, a(b, birch, and alder- 
 wood, in a moft commodious fituatton 
 for the fliip-trade and collieries of 
 Newcaftle, which is but 8 m. off. 
 
 DARWENT-FELLS, (Cumb.} are 
 the mountains bet. Borodaleand Kef- 
 wick, where were formerly difcovered 
 fome veins of copper, not without a 
 mixture of gold and lilver ; concern- 
 ing which there was a trial bet. 
 Q._Eliz. and Tho. PiercyE. of Nor- 
 thumberland and Ld. of the manor, 
 who was caft. Here is alfo a mine of 
 black lead for painters, or wadd for 
 cleaning arms ; of which as much 
 may be dug in one year, as will ferve 
 all Europe 7 years. 
 
 DASSET-AVON, or PARVA , 
 (Warm.) to theE. of Edge-Hill, near 
 the Vale-of-Red-Horfe, was given by 
 K. Edw. VI. to Sir Ralph Sadler, 
 mafter of his great wardrobe, who fold 
 it to John Woodward of Butler's- 
 Meriton, whofe descendant Richard 
 had it in 1640. 
 
 DASSET-BURTON, orMAGNA, 
 (Warw.} on the N.'ftde of the for- 
 mer, is a large p. whofe Ch. ftands in 
 that part called Burton- Daffet. It 
 bel. formerly to the Suthleys, or Sud- 
 leys'; one of whom, in the R. of 
 Hen. III. obtained a Mt. here on F. 
 O z and
 
 D A 
 
 TO 
 
 D E 
 
 and a fair at St. James-tide. In the 
 R. of Edw. III. it went, by the fe- 
 male-heirs, to the Botelers, and was 
 then called Cheping-Daflet. In the 
 R. of Hen. VII. it went to the 
 Belknaps ; and in the next R. it 
 was divided bet. Gerard Danet, Will. 
 Shetley, and Sir Edsv. Wotton, from 
 whom' defcersded Ld. Wotton, who 
 was pofiefled cf his part in the R. 
 of James I. and Danet fold his part 
 to Peter Temple, Efq; whofe pofte- 
 lity enjoyed it in 1640. 
 
 DATCHET, (Bucks') near Wind- 
 for, has a bridge over the Thames, 
 fcuilt in the R. of Q._Anne, and is 
 noted for frequent horfe -races. 
 
 DATCHWORTH, (Hertf.) betw. 
 Knebworth and Watton-Wcodhall, 
 near the road from Ware to Steven- 
 age, bel. formerly to Weftminfter- 
 Abbey ; but Edw. VI. granted it to 
 the Bps. of London, who have jurif- 
 didlion of the Leet ; but the court- 
 baron of the manor, now called 
 Datchworthbury, was, in the R. of 
 Hen. VII. in the poflemon of Rich. 
 Connet of Sufiex ; from whom it was 
 conveyed to one Forfter, in which 
 Jiame it continued, till Rich. Forfter 
 of St. Alban's, in the R. of Ja. I. 
 fold it to John Garr.on, of Afton, 
 Clk. whofe fon fold it to William 
 Wallis of Wcrmleybury, as he did 
 to Edw. Harrifcn, of Balls, Efq; 
 
 (3* DA V EN TRY, OrDAINTRY, 
 
 (Northamf.) 60 cm. 73 mm. from 
 London, on the road to Chefter, is a 
 great thoroughfare to and from the 
 N. W. Cos. and therefore has many 
 gcod inns, which are its chief fup- 
 port. 'Tis governed by a mayor, 
 aid. fteward, and 12 freemen, and 
 gives title of Barcn to the Earl of 
 Winchelfea and Nottingham , to 
 whofe family the manor bel. The 
 Mt. is on W. Fairs Eafier-Tu. 
 Wbiifon-Tu^JvIy 2$, Aug. 4 and 
 28, Sept. 21. Here was formerly a 
 irrn. and now a ch. fc. The coins 
 of Roman Emperors are often dug 
 up here ; and on Borough-Hill, 
 half a m. from the T. are ftill to 
 
 be feen the ruins of a Roman fort?- 
 fication, 3 m. in com. which is the 
 courfe for the horfe-races. The Ro- 
 man Watling-Street was turned thro' 
 it, and runs to Dunfmore-Heath. 
 After the Romans, the Saxons made 
 ufe of the fame camp. 'Tis faid, 
 that in Daventry-Park flood a caftle 
 of John of Gaunt. The banks in it 
 refemble thofe of ponds and canals, 
 with a watry fquaftiy ground betw. 
 them. 
 
 DAWLEY, (Mieid.) near Drayton 
 and Hounflow, in the p. of Harling- 
 ton, was the feat of the late Ld. Vifc. 
 Bolingbroke, which he purchafed of 
 the Earl of Tankerville, and now 
 that of Edmund Stephenfon, Efq; 
 
 ST. DA YE, (Ccrmu.) on the W. 
 fide of Truro, had once a chapel fo 
 much reforted to by pilgrims, that 
 provifions were brought hither, and 
 it became a Mt. without a charter. 
 
 DEAL, (Kent) 4 m. from Sand- 
 wich, of which it is a member, 
 6 1 cm. 74 mm. from London, is 
 called Dola by Julius Caefar, who is 
 fuppofed to have landed here, in his 
 ad defcent upon Britain. 'Tis a 
 handfome large T. where fliips bound 
 to and from London, and foreign 
 parts, by way of the Channel, gene- 
 rally flop, if homeward-bound, to 
 difpatch letters notifying their ar- 
 rival, and to fet paiTengers alhore ; 
 if outward-bound, to take in frefli 
 provifions, and to receive their laft 
 letters from their owners and friends. 
 It carries on fome foreign trade, and 
 has throve very much by the great 
 refort of feamen to it frcm the 
 Downs. Its caftle is defended on the 
 N. by Sandown-Caftle, and on the 
 S. by' Walmer-Caftle, all three built 
 by K. Hen. VIII. Here is a ch. fc. 
 A ridge of cliffs runs 7 m. along the 
 coaft from hence to Dover, which 
 abound with famphire. 
 
 DEAN, (Kent) near Challock, 
 bel. heretofore to the St. Denn's fa- 
 mily, then to the Cadmans : 
 whom it paffed by marriage to the 
 Plomei-s, who Ibid it to the Pi 
 
 DEAN'*-
 
 D E 
 
 D E 
 
 DEAN'S-COURT, (Kent} in the 
 p. of Weftwell, was for many gene- 
 rations the eftate of the Huflies, who 
 fold it to the Milans. 
 
 D E A N' s -C o u R T, (Ktnt} near 
 Appledore, was the manor and feat 
 of the Appledores, till the R. of 
 Edw. III. when it parted by the fe- 
 male-heir to Will. Roper, in whole 
 family it has been brought down to 
 the prefent Ld. Tenham. 
 - DEAN, (Nortbamp.) 3 rn. from 
 Rockingham, and 18 N. E. of North- 
 ampton, (lands among woods, which 
 are therefore called the Foreft of 
 Dean, and bel. formerly to Weft- 
 minfter- Abbey, which is fuppofed 
 to have leafed it to the family of 
 Dean ; from whom it patted to the 
 Tindals, and from them to the Bru- 
 denels, anceftors of the prefent Earl 
 of Cardigan, who has a pleafant feat 
 here. 
 
 DEAN-WEST, (#7/n) on the E. 
 fide of Salilbury, was the manor and 
 feat of Sir John Evelyn, from whom 
 it came by marriage to the family 
 of the Pierpoints Ds. of Kingfton. 
 
 <j3* DEAN-GREAT, (Gloc.) alias 
 Michel-Dean, the principal T. in 
 the foreft, 90 cm. 113 mm. from 
 London, has a good Ch. and a hand- 
 feme fpire, but confifts chiefly of one 
 ftreet. Cloth was, but pins are now, 
 its principal mf. The Mt. is on M. 
 Fairs on EaJler-M. July 9, and 
 Michaelmai-day. The manor was, 
 in the R. of Q^Eliz. in the family 
 of Baynham, and afterwards in the 
 pofTeflion of Sir Robert Woodrufte, 
 but more lately bel. to Maynard 
 Cokhefter, Efcj; and Nath. Rudge, 
 mercer. The foil of the foreft, which 
 contains about 30,000 acre?, is a 
 ilecp clay, fit for the growth of oak. 
 In its hills, which are full of iron 
 ore, are feveral furnaces for making 
 iron, which, by the violence of the 
 fire, becomes fluid, and being carried 
 to the forges, is beat out into flats. 
 The workmen are very induftrious in 
 ieeking out the beds of the old cin- 
 dm, which not being fully exhausted 
 
 of the metal, they are burnt again 
 in the furnaces, and make the beft 
 iron ; and the land owners fell thefe 
 cinders at a good price. 
 
 (f^DzBENHAM, (Svff.) 68cm. 
 86 mm. from London, is a pretty 
 clean T. on a hill near the r. Deben, 
 but in fo dirty a country, that it is 
 little frequented. Its Mt. is on F. 
 Fair June 24 ; the profits of which 
 laft bel. to Sir Cha. Gawdy, whofe 
 feat was at Crows-Hall in this T. 
 which was fold, and was lately that 
 of Mr. Pitts. Some of the poor of 
 this place are, by the will of Sir 
 Rob. Hitcham, intitkd to the vrork- 
 houfe and fr. fc. at Framlingham. 
 
 J^> DEDDINGTON, (OxforJJb.) 
 51 cm. 62 mm. from London, was 
 anciently a T. corp. and fent mem- 
 bers to Pt. in the Rs. of Edw. I. 
 and III. but never fince ; yet it is a 
 pretty large T. governed by a bailiff. 
 'Tis faid here was formerly a caftle. 
 Here is a ch. fc. It has a little Mt. 
 on 5. Fairs on Wbitfin-M. Aug. 10, 
 and Nov. u. Dr. Plot mentions an 
 old cuftom ftill retained at this place, 
 chiefly at marriages, by young men, 
 when they carry home their bride i 
 They fet up a poft perpendicular, 
 and place a flender piece of timber 
 on the top of it, on a fpindle, having 
 a board at the one end and a bag of 
 fand hanging at the other j againft the 
 board they ride with ftaves, which 
 bringing the bag about with violence, 
 it ftrikes them on the back or 
 neck, and fometimes, if they are not 
 nimble enough to get out of the 
 way, beats them off their horfe. 
 To break this board is reckoned a 
 piece of bravery, and was anciently 
 rewarded. This manor was formerly 
 Sir Thomas Pope's, (who founded a 
 fc. here, called Jefus fc.) but he fold 
 it to K. Hen. VIII. by whom it was 
 fettled upon Chriftchurch Coll. Ox- 
 ford. Near this T. is a well of me- 
 dicinal waters, of a rtrong fulphureous 
 fcent, highly impregnated with a vi- 
 trioline fait. In the digging of it 
 was found the ftone called pyrites 
 O 3 argen-
 
 D E 
 
 D E 
 
 argenteu?, and a bed of belemnites, 
 commonly called thunder-bolts ; and 
 out of it hath fince been taken the 
 filver marchafite, of a glittering co- 
 lour, but of no ufe as yet difcovered. 
 
 DEEPDEN, (Surry) bet. Darking 
 and Beachworth, has a remarkable 
 houfe and garden of Mr. Howard, 
 in a valley furrounded with fteep 
 hills, one of which has a fummer- 
 houfe on the top, from which, in a 
 clear day, may be leen the fea be- 
 yond the S. Downs near Arundel. 
 The rnoft fouthern of thefe hills were 
 formerly planted with vines j and 'tis 
 faid by Mr. Evelyn, that a wild fort 
 of cherries grows hereabouts in great 
 plenty, which makes a wine that is 
 little inferior to the beft French cla- 
 ret, and keeps longer. 
 
 J3" DEEP ING-MAR KET,(Z,/c.) 
 among the fens on the N. fide of 
 Wayland r. 71 cm. 87 mm. from 
 London, is an old, ill-built, dirty T. 
 with a Mt. on Tb. and Fair Sept. 29. 
 Below it is a plain many ms. in com. 
 the deepeft in all this mar/hy coun- 
 try ; and 'tis remarkable, that the 
 channel of the r. Glen, which runs 
 from the W. lies much higher than 
 this plain. This manor bel. anciently 
 to the Wakes ; but came to the 
 crown, in the R. of Edw. III. by 
 the Black Prince's marrying Joan the 
 Fair Maid of Kent, ( daughter to 
 Edmund Woodftock Earl of Kent, 
 ' fcy the heirefs of Tho. Wake) who 
 had been twice married before, and 
 twice divorced. 
 
 DEERHURST, (Gtcc.) i little m. 
 S. of Tewkfbury, is a p. 8 m. in 
 com. fubjeft, by its low fituation, to 
 frequent inundations from the Severn, 
 which runs 2. m. together on the W. 
 fide of it. It has a bridge over it, 
 ( oppofite to Alney Ifland ) called 
 Gildzble-Bridge, from certain tolls 
 and cufloms that were anciently paid 
 at it. Here was a mon. built in 715, 
 which the Danes deftroyed, but was 
 afterwards rebuilt, and made an alien 
 priory, and then a denizen priory, 
 wjukr the patronage of the abbot of 
 
 Tewkfbury. Its being built in the R. 
 of Edward the Conf. and its confecra- 
 tion by the then Bp. of Worcefter, is 
 denoted by a Latin infcription on a 
 ftone, which, in 1675, was dug up 
 in the orchard of one Mr. Powel. 
 The manor bel. to Weftminfter- Ab- 
 bey before the Norman Conqueft ; 
 Hen. VIII. at the Diff. granted it to 
 the D. and C. of Weftminftcr ; the 
 popifh Q._Mary refumed it, and gave 
 it to the convent of Weflminfter j 
 but Q._Eliz. reftored it to the Pro- 
 teftant Ch. of Weftminfter, to which 
 it bel. to this day. There was a fine 
 fpire to itsCh. which, in 1666, was 
 blown down. The ancient priory 
 be!, to the Earl of Coventry, who 
 takes his title of Vifc. from this T. 
 
 DELACRES, or DELVECROSS- 
 ABBEY, (Staff.) on the N. E. fide 
 of Leek, was, with the appurte- 
 nances, given, by Edw. VI. to Sir 
 Ralph Baggenholt ; who gave fome 
 part of the eftate to the poor, and 
 let the reft to tenants, fo cheap, that 
 they bought him out. 
 
 DELALEY, (Nortbitnb.) in Tin- 
 dale, bel. anciently to the Comins, 
 of Badenough in Scotland. 
 
 DELALEY -CASTLE, (Sahf) near 
 Wrekin-Hill, bel. anciently to the 
 Earl of Arundel, on whofe attainder 
 it was forfeited to K. Rich. II. who. 
 annexed it to the principality of 
 Chefter. 
 
 DELAMERE-FOREST, (Cbejbire) 
 to the N. E. of Chefter, towards the 
 r. Weever, is a delightful and com- 
 fortable place to the neighbouring 
 townihips, having pafture in its val- 
 leys, wood on its hills, fern on its 
 plains, filh and fowl in the meers, 
 befides turff for fewel, &c. It gave 
 title of Baron, at the Reftoraticn of 
 Cha. II. to Sir Geo. Booth, whofe 
 fon was, by K. William, made Earl 
 of Warrington, for his fervices at 
 the Revolution. There is a feat in 
 it, called the Chamber of the Foreft, 
 which was for the chief forefters, the 
 Dawns of Utkinton, who held that 
 office by inheritance, by gift of Ra- 
 nulph,
 
 D E 
 
 D E 
 
 nulph I. Earl of Chefter, to Ranulph 
 Dawn of Kingfley, their anceftor, the 
 eftate of whofe family came lately by 
 marriage to the Crews. 
 
 DENCK WORTH, N. and S. (Berks] 
 bet. Abington and the Vale of White- 
 Horfe. The former was the ancient 
 feat of the Fettiplaces ; the latter, of 
 the Hydes, who were Lds. of the ma- 
 nor for 19 generations ; but Sir Geo. 
 Hyde fold it, in the R. of James I. to 
 Sir Will. Cockaine, aid. of London ; 
 whofe fon, Ld. Vifc. Cullen of Ire- 
 land, fold it to the father of the late 
 Gregory Geering, Efqj who had his 
 feat here. 
 
 DENGY, (E/ex) bet. St. Ofith 
 Ifland and the fca, is the chief T. of 
 the hundred of its own name, one of 
 the 3 hundreds which include the 
 marfhy part of the Co. It bel. at 
 the Conqueft to St. Walrick's Abbey 
 in Picardy ; in the R. of Edw. I. 
 to Henry Grammanel ; in that of 
 Edw. III. to one Franceis j and in 
 that of Richard II. to one Roos. 
 K. Hen. VII. endowed his hof. in 
 the Savoy with it j but after the 
 DifT. Q._Eliz. gave both the manor 
 and the advowfon of the Ch. to the 
 Fanfhaws. The grafs of this hund- 
 red, which lies between Crouch and 
 Blackwater Bays, is excellent for the 
 cattle, with which 'tis welj flecked, 
 but the air not the healthieft. The 
 only trade here almoft is in cheefe ; 
 and the ewes are milked by men, as 
 they are elfewliere by women. Here 
 are made thofe great cheefes of a 
 coarfe quality, which are bought up 
 for hufbandmen and labourers, both 
 here and in foreign parts. 
 
 DEN HAM, (Bucks') on the r. Coin, 
 near Uxbridge, was formerly the feat 
 of the Peckhams, and lately of Sir 
 R 0i ?er Hill and Sir Will. Bowyer. 
 
 DENINGTON, (Suff~.) nearFram- 
 lingham, was, in the R. of Hen. V. 
 the Lp. of Sir John Phelip, one of 
 whofe defcendants, the Ld. Bardolf, 
 in the R. of Henry VI. founded a 
 chantry here. From him it went by 
 marriage to Vifc, Beaumont, It was 
 
 afterwards in the poffeffion of the 
 Wingfields and the Roufos. 
 
 DENT, (York. N.R.) in Craven, 
 of which 2 inh. were witneffes in a 
 trial at York afiizes, in 1664, the 
 father near 140 and the fon too years 
 old. It ftands on the r. Dent, N. of 
 that called the County-Stone. 
 
 DENTON-HALL, (York. W. R.) 
 on the N. W. fide of Otley, was the 
 feat of the Pt's. General Fairfax, 
 which Prince Rupert was about to 
 demoli/h, but, on fight of a picture 
 of one of the General's worthy an- 
 ceftors, was happily faved. It was 
 indeed burnt down afterwards by ac- 
 cident, but rebuilt by Mr. Ibbotfon, 
 the prefent poffeflbr j and has this 
 remarkable motto : 
 
 Quod nee Jo-vis Ira, nee ignis , 
 
 Ntc foterit firrum. 
 
 DENWIKE, (Nortbumb.} on the 
 other fide of the r. oppofite to Alne- 
 wick, anciently bel. to its cn.ftle and 
 manor, and was the eftate of Will, 
 de Vefey ; but was fold by Anthony 
 Beck Bp. of Ely, who was truftee 
 for his natural fon, to Hen. Piercy. 
 
 DEPDEN, (Sujf.) to the S. W. 
 of St. Edmundfbury, was fucceflively 
 the Lp. of the Depdens, Jarmins and 
 Coel, and fmce Mr. Thornhill's. 
 
 DEPEHAM, (Norf.) on the S.W. 
 fide of Windham, formerly bel. to 
 the monks of Chrift-Church, Can- 
 terbury ; but, at the DifT. was given, 
 by K. Hen. VIII. to its D. and C. 
 This place was not long ago, if it 
 be not ftill, noted for a vaft great 
 linden-tree, defcribed by Mr. Evelyn, 
 in his Silva, and for a petrifying 
 fpring at the foot of it. 
 
 DEPTFORD, (Kent] 4 m. i-half 
 from London, has a bridge over the 
 r. Raven/bourn, near its influx into 
 the Thames, where it once had a 
 deep ford, from whence the name. 
 The manor was anciently in the fa- 
 mily of the Says, from whom it 
 took the name of SayVCourt ; tho' 
 it has bel, fince to the Evelyns, 
 whafc
 
 D E 
 
 D E 
 
 whofe Teat is near the dock, and was 
 the refidence of Peter I. Czar of 
 Mufcovy. 'Tis divided into Upper 
 and Lower-Deptford, both together 
 containing above 1900 hoirfes, and 
 has 2 Chs. Here is a noble dock, 
 of above 200 years Handing, with 
 ftere-houfes for the ufe of the navy, 
 one of which, the victualling-office, 
 built in 1745, was, by accident, burnt 
 down in Jan. 1748-9, with a great 
 quantity of provifions and other ftores. 
 This was to have fupplied the place 
 of the old office on Tower-Hill, 
 whofe leafe was near expired. The 
 little fhip in which Sir Francis Drake 
 failed round the world, was, by Q._ 
 Elizabeth's order, laid up in a dock 
 here, for a monument. Here is a 
 place incorporated by K. Hen. VIII. 
 in form of a college, for the ufe of 
 the feamcn, commonly called Tri- 
 nity-Houfe of Deptford-Strond j and 
 a foundation bel. to it, built at dif- 
 ferent times, of which the old part 
 contains 21 houfes, and the new 38, 
 for decayed pilots or mafters of mips, 
 or their widows, the Men being al- 
 lowed 20 s . the women 1 6 s, per 
 month. The Red-Houfe on the 
 N. W. fide of it, was a noted col- 
 leftion of warehoufes and ftorehoufes, 
 but, in July 1739, they were all 
 confumed by a dreadful fire. This 
 T. which was formerly called Weft- 
 Greenwich, will, probably, be foon 
 called Eaft-Rotherhith ; for tho' the 
 fpace bet. both ufed to be reckoned 
 2, m. and over marines, never like to 
 be inhabited, yet now, what with 
 buildings and docks, &c. on the 
 Thames fide, bet. both places, they 
 are in a manner joined. 
 
 if. DERBY, (Derbyjh.) 98 cm. 
 122 mm. from London, has the r. 
 Derwent on the W. fide, and on the 
 S. that called Mertin-Brook, which 
 has 9 bridges over it, before it falls 
 into the Derwent, over which it has 
 a fair ftone -bridge. In the R. of 
 Edw. the Conf. it was a Royal Bor. 
 exempt from paying toll in London, 
 f r any other place, except Winchefter 
 
 and fome few Ts. more. The Danei 
 had their head quarters here, but 
 were put to the fword by Ethelfleda, 
 at the head of the Mercians. It had 
 walls formerly, and, in the S. E. 
 corner of it, there was a caftle, of 
 which there are no tokens now, but 
 Cow-Caftle-Hill ; and a ftreet lead- 
 ing to St. Peter's, is in old deeds 
 called Caftle-Gate. 'Tis a neat T. 
 divided into 5 ps. All-Saints Ch. 
 which was once collegiate, appears, 
 by an infcription in it, to have been 
 erefted about the R. of Q^ Mary, 
 and one-half of the expence paid by 
 the bachelors and maidens of the T. 
 In the R. of K. Hen. III. it was a 
 royal free-chapel, over which the 
 Bp. of Litchfield and Coventry was 
 forbid to exercife any jurifdiftion. It 
 was pulled down fome years ago, to 
 be rebuilt. Among other monuments 
 of the noble family of the Caven- 
 diflies, fife . it has one for theCountefs, 
 who finifiied the firft model of Chatf- 
 worth-Houfe, and founded an hof. 
 near the Ch. for 8 poor men and 
 4 women. There is another for 
 Richard Crafhaw, Efq; of London, 
 (who died 1631) a poor nailoi's fon 
 of this place, who went, in a leather 
 doublet, to London, where he grew 
 rich, and left 4000 /. in charities. 
 As to the trade here, 'tis not very 
 confiderable ; for tho' it is a ftaple 
 for wool, yet it depends chiefly on 
 buying corn, and felling it to the 
 Peak, and other places in the hilly 
 country, and in making malt and 
 brewing ale, of both which great 
 quantities are fent to London. By a 
 charter of K. Ja. I. it was governed 
 by 2 bailiffs ; but in the next R. it 
 had a charter for a mayor, high- 
 fteward, 9 aid. a recorder, a town- 
 clerk, 14 brethren, and 14 C. C. 
 men. It has fent burgefles to Pt. 
 from the 23d of Edw. I. By a grant 
 of K. Hen. III. no Jew was to live 
 in the T. K. Henry VIII. granted 
 to the D. and C. of Burton upon 
 Trent the fee -farm rent of this T. and 
 manor, which did bel. to the duchy 
 of
 
 D E 
 
 of Lancafter. Befides the collegiate 
 Ch. it had formerly 3 mons. and fe- 
 veral others were in the neighbour- 
 hood. This T. had the honour of 
 giving title of Earl to feveral noble 
 families, and now to that of Stanley, 
 in the perfon of Edward Ld. Strange. 
 Many gentlemen, who have eftatcs 
 in the Peak, refide here ; and on the 
 Row-ditches near this place are fre- 
 quent horfe-races. In an ifland of 
 the Derwent facing the T. is that cu- 
 rious machine, the only one in the 3 
 Kms. -viz. the mill, near I -quarter of 
 a m. long, erected in 1734 for the 
 filk manufacture, by Sir Tho. Lombe, 
 who brought the plan of it out of 
 Italy, at the hazard of his life. The 
 model of it, (for which, and for his 
 expence and danger in introducing it, 
 Sir Thomas was allowed 14,000 /. by 
 Pt.) is kept in the record-office in the 
 To'.ver of London, in order to fecure 
 and perpetuate the art of making the 
 fame for the future. The Mt. here 
 is on W. F. and S. Fairs on the Fs. 
 after Epiphany, Eajitr-iveek, May- 
 day, and wbit-funlay ; and on the Fs. 
 before Midfummer, St. Jamefs-day, 
 and Michaelmas ; and another on St. 
 Paul's- day. The voters here for 
 burgeffes, were ve'ry near 900, 30 
 years ago ; and the mayor is the re- 
 turning officer, Befides the quarterly 
 feflions, and 2 court-leets in the year, 
 a court of record is held here every 
 Tu. fortnight. The Derwent has 
 lately been made navigable to the 
 Trent ; but every entrance to the T. 
 by land, is choaked up with dirt and 
 mire. This place was the extent of 
 the proerefs of the Scots Highland re- 
 bels, which was fo alarming in 174$. 
 (t^ DEREHAM-EAST, (Norf.) 
 or Market-Dereham, 83 cm. 97 
 mm. from London, is a fair large T. 
 with abundance of hamlets bel. to it, 
 which was formerly almoft burnt 
 down to the ground. In the R. of 
 Q^Eliz. it bel. to the Bps. of Ely, 
 but was afterwards in the crown, be- 
 ing part of the fcttlement made upon 
 Q^ Catherine wife of Cha. II. Sir 
 
 D E 
 
 Charles Herbert, furveyor-genmk 
 farmed it, and afterwards purchafed 
 the reverfion. Its Mt. is on F. and 
 Fair June 22, Here was formerly a 
 nunnery. 
 
 DEREHAM-WKST^AV/".) on the 
 E. fide ofDownham, had an abbey, 
 to which the anceftors of the Walpole 
 family granted lands in Upwell. The 
 fite of it was bought by a gentleman 
 of the fame name $ whofe defendants 
 have had it ever fince, it bein^ now 
 the feat cf Sir Tho. Dereham, Bt. In 
 Dec. 1698 there was a difputation in 
 this Ch. bet. the Norfolk clergy and 
 the quakers. 
 
 DE.RHAM, DURHAM, or DYR- 
 H AM,(G/r.)on the E. fide of Ruckle- 
 church, is full of fprings that fupply 
 the r. Boyd, and famous for the re- 
 mains of large ramparts and trenches 
 in the field of battle, where Ceaulin, 
 one of the W. Saxon Ks. obtained a 
 great viftory over the Britons. The 
 manor bel. formerly to the Rufiels ; 
 from whom it came, by the female 
 ifiue, to the Dennifles ; then to tha 
 Winters ; and laftly to Will. Blath- 
 wait, Efq; fon of the fecretary of /rate 
 to K. Will. III. who built a fine feat 
 near the Ch. with curious gardens, 
 walks, and water-works ; and adja- 
 cent to it is a large park and warren, 
 with a lodge. Sir Will. Dennis and 
 others founded a guild in this p. in 
 1620. 
 
 DERNTHOP, (Nott.) a hamlet of 
 Collingham, bel. formerly to the mon. 
 of Thurgarton ; but K. Hen. VIII. 
 after the Did", granted it to John Bel- 
 lowe and John Broxholme, and their 
 heirs. 
 
 DERWENT -WATER, (Cumb.) 
 the haven at the mouth of the 
 Derwent, near Workington ; from 
 whence Fran. RatclifY took the title 
 of E. intheR.ofK.Jam.il. which 
 his fon forfeited, as well as his head, 
 by rebellion againft K.. Geo. I. 
 
 DEVINOTON, (Kent) im. from 
 
 Fever/ham, had a priory, which, at 
 
 the DifF. was given by K. Hen. VIII. 
 
 to Sir Tho. Cheney, whofe fon Heni-y 
 
 7 Ld,
 
 D E 
 
 TO 
 
 D I 
 
 Ld. Cheney, in the R. of Q^Eliz. 
 fold it to Mr. Bradbourn , from whom 
 it paired through feveral hands to 
 Mr. Boad. 
 
 DEVINGTON-LITTLE, or DE- 
 viNGTON-CouRT, (Kent) juft by 
 the former, was for feveral generations 
 the manor and feat of the family of the 
 Es. of Atho!, Lds. of Chilham in this 
 neighbourhood, till it patted, by mar- 
 riage, to that of Hallham ; and by 
 the fame means to John Lewknor of 
 S'jflex, who alienated it to Mr. Jam. 
 Dreyland ; by whofe daughter it came 
 to Sir Tho. Walfingham, whofe grand- 
 fon of the fame name fold it to Mr. 
 Simons ; from whom it came thro* 
 feveral hands to fergeant Twifden. 
 
 ^c DEVIZES, (Wilts] 72 cm. 89 
 mm. from London. 'Tis fuppofed, 
 from coins, pots, urns, and other an- 
 tiquities dug up hereabouts, to have 
 been once inhabited by the Romans ; 
 and a Dumber of little brafs ftatues of 
 the heathen deities were found under 
 a Roman brick here, in 1714, which 
 were carried about the Km. for a 
 fhew. Here was once a noble caftle, 
 faid to have been one of the ftrongeft 
 in England ; and the Gt. of it was 
 accepted by fome of the prime nobi- 
 lity, as an honour. It was befieged 
 feveral times in the civil wars, but 
 was taken and deftroyed at laft by the 
 Pt's. forces. 'Tis a pretty populous 
 T. on high ground, fenced from the 
 E. winds by hills, that are 2m. off ; 
 and has 2 Chs. befides a chapel, and 
 a diflenters meeting- houfe. The corp. 
 by charter of K. Cha. I. confifts of a 
 mayor, recorder, 1 1 mafters, and 36 
 C.C. Its chief mf. befides malt, is 
 the woollen, efpecially druggets. The 
 inh. value themfelves for being te- 
 nants to the K. and for one of the 
 beft Mts. in England ; which being 
 en Tb. is much frequented for corn, 
 xvool, horfes, and all forts of cattle ; 
 but here is great fcarcity of water. 
 The buildings are old, and for moft 
 part timber ; yet the model of them 
 being good, they look tolerable ; and 
 here is a very good ch. fc. The Fairs 
 
 are Febr. 2, Holy-Tb. Trinity-Tb. 
 June-i^, Aug. 29, Sept. zi, and 
 0.7. 9. which holds 6 days, and is 
 called the Devizes-Green, becaufe it 
 is kept in a pretty plain, fo called, in 
 the fuburbs juft without theT. where 
 is another handfome Ch. and fteepie. 
 A rivulet rifes near the caftle, which 
 runs into the Avon, not far from 
 Bromham. 
 
 DEWSBURY, (nri.W.R.)flands 
 at the foot of a hill, to the W. of 
 Wakefield. It has been considerable 
 from the earlieft date of chriftianity, 
 among the Englifh of this province ; 
 for Paulinus, who was the firft Abp. 
 of York, about an, 626, is faid to have 
 preached and celebrated here. The 
 Ch. was formerly given to the priory 
 of Lewes in Suffex. 
 
 DIDITHORP, (Line.) in the p. of 
 Awthorp, on the N. fide of Butter- 
 wick, has 2 famous flukes of ftone 
 into the Trent, at the head of 2 fine 
 drains, or canals, cut by the drains 
 of the Level of Hatfield-Chace. 
 
 DIGSWELL, (Hartf.) near Wel- 
 ling, and 4m. from Hatfield in the 
 road to Stevenage, ftands on the S. 
 fide of the r. Mimeram. In the R. 
 of Edw. I. Lawrence de St. Nicholas, 
 then Ld. of the manor, procured it a 
 weekly Mt. and a yearly Fair for 10 
 days. In the R. of Rich. II. it came 
 into the family of the Purients ; and 
 in that of Hen. VIII. to the Horfeys ; 
 ene of whom fold it, in the R. of 
 Jam. I. to Sir Geo. Purient, a branch 
 of the former family, who, in the 
 fame R. conveyed it to Rich. Sidley, 
 Efq; flieriff of the Co. one of whofe 
 heirs fold it to Humph. Shalcrofs, 
 Efq; who was fheriff of this Co. in the 
 R. of Cha. II. whofe heir, Tho. 
 Shalcrofs, Efq; is, or was lately, the 
 polTeflbr. 
 
 DIGSWELL, (Hartf.} in the p. of 
 Afhwell, on the b. of Cambridgefhire, 
 formerly bel. to Sir Will. Adon ; 
 from whom it pafled to Sir Will. 
 Whitmore, Bt. who fold it to Sam. 
 Garrard, Efq;. 
 
 Dit-
 
 D I 
 
 TO 
 
 D O 
 
 DILSTON, (Nortbumb.} on the S. 
 fide of the Tyne, where a little brook 
 runs into it a m. from Hexham, is in 
 old records called Devilfton. The 
 late E. of Derwentwater, who built a 
 fine hoafe here, had his title of Baron 
 from hence, his father, Sir Francis, 
 having been created Baron of Dillton, 
 Vifc. Ratclift", and E. of Derwent- 
 water in Cumberland, by K. Jam. II. 
 but the fon forfeited all thofe titles, 
 by his rebellion againft K. Geo. I. in 
 1715; forwhich healfo loft his head. 
 
 DiNCHURcH,(K"rnO inRomncy- 
 Marfh, joining to the fen, 3 m. i-half 
 N. E. of Romney. The manor was 
 anciently in the Twithams family, 
 who held it feveral fucceffions, till it 
 went, by the female heir, to Simon 
 Septuans ; and from his family it 
 went, by marriage of the heirefs, to 
 Mr. Fogge, who bought fome lands 
 here, that were held by the Poynings, 
 to make his manor compleat. In a 
 place here, called New-Hall, built 
 above 100 years ago, are kept the re- 
 cords of Romney-MarA ; and a court, 
 called the Lathe, is held by the Lds. 
 of the marfli and the members of ti.e 
 corp. who are appointed, by a ftatute 
 33 of Edw. III. to meet here, or at 
 fome other proper place, a fortnight 
 after Micbac/mas, to regulate all dif- 
 ferences, to make new laws for better 
 management of the Marfli lands and 
 walls, and to take care that the old 
 ones be ftriftly obferved. 
 
 DINDZR, (Heref.) i m. from the 
 city of Hereford, where is a hill on 
 which the Romans had a camp under 
 the general Oftorius } from whence 
 the vulgar call it Oyfter-Hill. 
 
 DINGLEY, ( Nortbamp, ) i m. 
 from Market-Harborough, was the 
 feat of Tho. Andrews, Efq; who, be- 
 ing high-flieriff, attended the execu- 
 tion of Mary Q^of Scots, at Fothe- 
 ringhay-Caftle ; as it was alfo of the 
 late Ld. Griffin, who was committed 
 prifoner to the tower, in the R. of 
 Q^Anne. 
 
 DISSE, (Norf.) 76cm. 93 
 ram. from London, (lands on the r. 
 
 Waveney, in the moft S. confines cf 
 the Co. The Mt. which is well 
 ftored with yarn and linen cloth, be- 
 fides other goods, is on F. and the 
 Fair on the eve, day, and morrow of 
 St. Simon and St. Jude, and 3 days 
 after, procured by Robert Ld. Fitz- 
 waker, Ld. of the manor in the R. 
 of Edw. I. IntheR.ofHen.VI.it 
 went, by marriage, to Tho. Ratcliff, 
 Efq; whofe defendants, being Lds. 
 Fitzwalter and Es. of SufTex, enjoyed 
 it, till Robert E. of Suffex alienated 
 it, in the R. of Jam. I. to Frances 
 Shute, widow. Here is a ch. fc. 
 
 DISTINGTON, (Cumb.} isonthe 
 S. fide of Workington, in alow wet 
 fituation, near the fea-coaft, and bel. 
 formerly to the Croftons, Morelbys, 
 and Brackenthwaits. 
 
 DITTON, (Lane.) bet. Liverpool 
 and Warrington, is a manor of 430 
 acres, which bel. lately, if it does 
 not ftill, to Rob. Dalton of Thurn- 
 ham-Hal!, Efq;. 
 
 DITTON-FENN, (Camb.) near 
 Cambridge, where the ancient family 
 of the Cheyncys had a feat, and now 
 Sir Will. Willys, Bt. 
 
 DITTON-LONG, (Surry) zrn. 
 from Kingfton, formerly bel. to the 
 Evelyns ; but went from them, by 
 marriage, to Sir Jof. Alfton, Bt. 
 
 y^f DODBROOK, (Devon.) 170 
 cm. 198 mm. from London, on the r. 
 Salcomb. Here is a cuftom of paying 
 the parfon tythe of white ale, and a 
 ch. fc. The Mt. is on W. and Fair 
 on IV. before Palm-Sunday. 
 
 DODDINGHURST, (EJJ'ex] bet. 
 Burntwood and Biliericay, was for- 
 merly the manor of the Veres Es. of 
 Oxford, till Edward E. of Oxford, in 
 the R. of Q^ Eliz. fold it with the 
 park to Rich. Stonley, Efq;. 
 
 DODFORD. (Nortbatxf.) ftands on 
 a branch of the Avon, where is a 
 ford a little to the S. E. ofDaventry. 
 Some think, it was heretofore the 
 eftate of the Dodt'ords, and that one 
 might take name from the other ; 
 but Dr. Fuller thinks, it is derived 
 from the ford and the dods, or, as 
 they
 
 D O 
 
 D O 
 
 they are vulgarly called, cats tails, 
 growing in, or near it. The Wyrlies 
 family have lived here a long time. 
 
 J> DoNCASTER,(nr*. VV. R.) 
 
 123 cm. i55mm. from London, has 
 a ruinous caftle, and 2, bridges over 
 the Don } from whence the name. 
 About anno 760, it was burnt down 
 by lightning, but is now a noble, fpa- 
 cious, populous T. 'Tis very ancient, 
 and formerly fent reprefentatives to 
 one of our conventions. 'Tis a corp. 
 confifting of a mayor, recorder, 6 aid. 
 and C.C. K. Jam. II. gave them a 
 charter, which was brought to the 
 town-hall in great pomp, with a train 
 f 300 hoifemen. It granted Fairs 
 on Febr. 2, and NCV. 15 ; befides 
 thofeon July 25, and^a^-. 10, which 
 it had before ; and the Mt. on Tu. 
 for cattle, corn, fc. As it Hands in 
 the road from London to York, here 
 are feveral very good inns. Its mfs. 
 are knit waiftcoats and petticoats, 
 gloves and ftockings. There is a 
 large caufey beyond the bridges, be- 
 caufe the r. is apt to overflow its 
 banks. Here are the remains of a 
 great Roman highway ; and the old 
 horfe-courfe in the neighbourhood is 
 noted for races. Here is an hof. which 
 was founded, and richly endowed, by 
 Tho. Ellis, who had been 5 times 
 mayor. There is the following odd 
 jnfcription on the tomb of a perfcn 
 here, who gave Refington-Wood to 
 the public, i>-x. 
 
 Howe, Howe, who is heare ? 
 
 I Robin of Doncaftere, 
 
 And Margaret my Feare. 
 
 That I fpent, that 1 had ; 
 
 That I gave, that I have ; 
 
 That I left, that I loft. 
 
 A.D. 1579. 
 
 " Quoth Robertus Byrks, who in 
 " this world did reign threefcore 
 " years and feven, and yet lived not 
 " one." This T. gave title of Vifc. 
 to the Lds, Hay, in the Rs. of Ja. I. 
 and Cha. I. and" that of E. in the R. 
 of Jam. II. to James D. of Mon- 
 inouth. There is a plealaat road 
 
 from hence to Bautre, which never 
 wants repair ; and a remarkable old 
 column, called a Crofs, at the end of 
 the T. with a Norman infcription on 
 it. Here was foimerly a priory, and 
 a chantry. 
 
 * DORCHESTIR, (Dorfet.) the 
 /hire-T. 6 m. from the fea, 97 cm. 
 123 mm. from London, was the moft 
 confiderable ftation of the Romans in 
 thefe parts. It had 2 mints in the 
 time of the Saxons, and a caftle which 
 was demclifhed by the Danes; but after 
 the Norman conqueft a new one was 
 erected, of which the greateft of the 
 Barons ufed to be governors. 'Tis 
 bounded on the N. fide by the Frome 
 r. beyond which are fine meadows, 
 and warm fandy lands ; and on the 
 S. W. are pleafant chalky Downs. 
 Here are 3 Chs. a town-hall, fliire- 
 hall, and the county-gaol, with its 
 chapel. 'Tis a common faying here, 
 " that St. Peter's Ch. was founded by 
 " one Geoffrey Van, with his wife 
 " Anne, and his maid Nan." But, 
 from a large feal, with all the marks 
 of antiquity, dug up here in a garden, 
 about 70 years ago, with this infcrip- 
 lion^igitlumGalfridideAnn^^^. 
 pofed,that the founder's true name wa* 
 Ann. There are few Ts. in England 
 better paved, and built ; and the view 
 of it is every way delightful. Here 
 was a dreadful fire, Aug. 6, 1613, 
 which confurr.ed 2 of the Chs. fince 
 rebuilt, and about 300' houfes, to the 
 damage of 200,000 /. yet net a foul 
 perifhed in it. The ftreets are wide 
 and clean, the inns large, the Mts. 
 and Fairs well frequented j and the 
 toll of both is veftsd in the corp. who 
 hold the manor of the Bor. at a fee- 
 farm rent from the crown. K. Ja. I. 
 empowered them to chufe a recorder ; 
 and by a charter cf K. Cha. I. they 
 have a mayor, 2 bailiffs, 6 aid. and 
 6 capital burgefies ; befides whom, 
 there is n governor yearly chofe by 24 
 C.C. whofe office is chiefly to lock 
 after the trade of the T. Here are a 
 fr. fc. and 3 alm&oufes. The Roman 
 Ikening-Street, which enters this
 
 D O 
 
 D O 
 
 place, by the N. of Winterburn, at 
 Weft-Gate, is plainly traced here ; 
 and the foundations of the Roman 
 wall appear quite round the T, and 
 tho' on the E. fide a ftreet is built on 
 it, and the ditch filled up, yet 'tis frill 
 called the Walls. The Romans had 
 an amphitheatre near it, which is 
 now called Mawmbury, and the ter- 
 race upon it is a noted place of ren- 
 dezvous, here being a fine profpefl of 
 the T. and country. It was one of 
 the winter ftations of the Roman 
 legions ; and many Roman coins 
 have been dug up here, particularly 
 K. Dor's money, called here Dorn- 
 money. The alFizes and quarter- 
 feffions, and the elections of the Kts. 
 of the /hire are held here. There 
 was a friary here formerly, and in its 
 deanery are 45 ps. This T. is noted 
 for excellent beer and cakes, and it 
 ufed to fend great quantities of malt 
 to Briftol. It has almoft loft the 
 mf. of broad-cloth, for which it was 
 ones fo famous, and its ferge trade 
 is not very confiderable ; but great 
 profit is made here by their flieep, of 
 which 'tis faid that no lefs than 
 600,000 are fed within 6 m. round 
 the T. Their downs abound with 
 thyme and other aromatic herbage, 
 fo nourifhing, that their ewes gene- 
 rally bring 2 lambs ; for which rea- 
 fon, they are bought up by all the 
 farmers of the E. part of England, 
 who carry them to Bedfordfhire, 
 Bucks, Oxford/hire, and to Kent and 
 Surry ; and even Banftead -Downs, fo 
 famous for good mutton, are fupplied 
 from hence. This T. ever fmce K.. 
 Cha. I. has given title of Marquis 
 to the Dukes of Kingfton ; though 
 once it gave that of Countefs, for her 
 life only, to Mrs. Catherine Sedley, 
 fo created by K. James II. whofe 
 miftrefs {he was. This T. has fent 
 members to Pt. ever fince the origi- 
 nal demand of burgeffes, in the R. 
 of EJw. I. The Mts. are on W. anil 
 F. Fairs Feb. z, M.r: 2, 7>/W.' V '-&f. 
 Jan'. 24, July 5, the three iart lor 
 ihecp. 
 
 DORCHESTER, (Oxf.) 6m. from 
 Abingdon, and 10 from Oxford, hat 
 a bridge over the Thame, and, by 
 the coins and medals often dug up in 
 and near it, it was an ancient city of 
 the Britons, and alfo a Roman (ra- 
 tion. 'Twas the See of a Bp. near 
 500 years, till, in the R. of Will, 
 the Conq. it was tranflated to Lin- 
 coln ; and it had once 5 ftately Chs. 
 tho' now but one, and is a fmall 
 village, fince the lofs of the See, and 
 turning the high-road to London an- 
 other way. Here was formerly an 
 abbey. There is a vulgar tradition, 
 that no fnakes will live in this p. 
 and the oldeft men here fay, they 
 never faw any venomous creature in 
 its diftrift. On the S. W. fide of the 
 T. there are 2 banks, with a trench 
 bet. them, called Dike-Hills. 
 
 DORDON, (Jf^ariu.) originally a 
 member of Polefworth, bel. formerly 
 to the Grendons, and then to the 
 Bagots of Stafford/hire ; but the 
 greateft part of it was in the Chet- 
 winds family in 1640. The inh. are 
 in the leet of Polefworth. 
 
 DORN, (Wore.) in the p. of Block- 
 ley, on the b. of Glocefterfhire, from 
 which the Roman fofTeway runs thro* 
 it ; and the people have a tradition, 
 that it was cnce a city ; at leaft here 
 are plain tokens of its antiquity, and 
 of its having been a Roman colony, 
 abundance of coins, both Roman and 
 Briti/h, having been found here by 
 the hufbandmen. 
 
 DOR SING TON, (Wariv.} bel. to 
 the p. of Welford in Glocefterfhire. 
 Maud ROUE, widow, had it, in the 
 R. of Hen. VIII. and from her it 
 defcended, in the next R. to Sir John 
 Brome of Ragley. 
 
 DosMERY-Poor., (Cornic.) 5 m. 
 N. of Lefkard, is on the top of a hill 
 about i m. in circuit, and, though 
 fed by no vilible means, decreales 
 v.i'.li drought, or increafes with rain 
 very little, is nc where above z n- 
 tiiMii :-nd half deep, and breeds n 
 fiiJi but id:.
 
 D O 
 
 jfc DOVER, (Ken') 55 cm. 71 mm. 
 from London, 285 from the Land's- 
 End, Cornwall, and 30 from Calais 
 in France, is one of the Cinque- 
 Ports, whofe fituation is perfectly 
 romantic, in a valley un.k-r a feini- 
 circle of hiils, and 'is the only one 
 about the coaft where \v,,ier is ad- 
 mitted inwards of the ciirFs, which 
 are here very high, and abound \vith 
 lamphire. It had once 7 Crn. now 
 but 2, and had feveral religious - 
 houfes. It was aifo svalled, and had 
 10 gates ; and the pafiage from hence 
 to France being nearer than from any 
 pore in England, there was a law 
 formerly, that none fhould go to it 
 but from hence. Our packet- boats 
 go twice a week from hence to 
 France and Flanders. 'Tis a popu- 
 lous place, and noted for its tide- 
 harbour. It was incorporated in the 
 R. of Edw. the Confef. by the flile 
 of mayor and commonalty, and the 
 townfmen were called burgefies, from 
 whom the mayor chofe afiiftants for 
 his year, who being fworn to faith- 
 ful fervice, were called jurats ; which 
 name and office are now common to all 
 the Cinque-Ports. The courts of chan- 
 cery, admiralty, &c . relating to them 
 all, are kept in St. James's Ch. and 
 here are a cuftom-houfe and victual- 
 ling-office. One of the (beets is called 
 Snare-Gate, from the dreadful rocks 
 of chalk that hang over it. On a 
 neighbouring ftecp rock, or chalky 
 hill, /lands- the caftle, which is its 
 chief glory, and was fo fortified in 
 the Saxons time, that it was reckon' d 
 the lock and key cf England ; but 
 'tis too high to hurt any rtiip at fea, 
 and could not ftand a formal liege on 
 the land fide half a day, tho' the 
 area of its fortification is 30 acres. 
 'Tis faid to have been begun by Ju- 
 lius Caefar, and finiihed by Claudius. 
 The well here, which is 60 fathom 
 deep, and called Mr. Watfon's Cel. 
 lar, is faid to be the work of Julius. 
 'Tis round, and lined to the bottom 
 with free-ftone, and the water is 
 irawn ot of it by a wheel, in which 
 
 D O 
 
 men wafli. In (^ Anne's wars there 
 were no lets than 1500 priibners in 
 this caftle at one time. Here is a 
 brai's gun of 22 feer, the longefl in 
 thj '.vcrld, and of the moft curious 
 workmanihip, which was prefented 
 by the States of Utrecht to Q^Eliz. 
 and is called her Pocket-piftcl j it 
 requires 15 pounds of powder, and 
 \vill carry a ball, they fay, 7 m. At 
 the W. end of an old Ch.. here, faid 
 to have betn built by Lucius the firft 
 Chriftian K. in Britain, there is a Ro- 
 man Pharos, or watch-tower j and 
 upon another rock over-againft the 
 cattle, are the remains of another 
 witch-tower, called Bredemitone, 
 and by the vulgar the Devil's Drop, 
 from the ftrength of the mortar. 
 Here the conftable of the caftle is 
 fworn. Soon after the Conqueft, great 
 part of th'is T. was deftroyed by fire, 
 as it was alfo in the R. of Edw. I, 
 by the French, who landed in the 
 night. Tho' the harbour, which be- 
 fore was choaked up, was made na- 
 vigable in the R. of Q^Eliz. for a 
 ftiip of fome hundred tons, and tho' 
 the Pt. in K. William's R. gave 
 io,coo /. to improve it, yet 'tis only 
 fit for fmall fhips, and that at high- 
 water. The fliips which carry freight 
 fiom Virginia and New- York to Hol- 
 land, generally unlade their goods 
 here, to enter them with the cuftcm- 
 hcufe officer?, and pay the duties ; 
 after which they reload them, draw 
 back the duty by debenture, and then 
 proceed to Holland. Dover, when 
 in the height of its profperity, had 
 21 wards, of which each fnrniftcd 
 a fhip of war, snd maintained it 
 40 days at its own expence, in con- 
 fideraticn whereof, each ward had a 
 licenced packet-boat. According to 
 the Tover records, the fare was thus 
 fettled, ii: the R. of Rich. II. i-ix. 
 for a fingle perfon in fummer, 6 d. 
 in winter, I s. for a horfe in fum- 
 mer, i j. 6 d. in winter, 1 1. Seve- 
 ral families have had the title of Earl 
 from this T. which now gives that 
 of Duke to the Duke of Queenlberry. 
 The
 
 D O 
 
 TO 
 
 D fc 
 
 The Mt. here is W. and S. Fairs 
 Aug. 24, Sept. 21, Nov. n, for 
 9 day;. The Roman Watling-Street 
 coming ftraight from Canteibury, 
 over Barham-Down, enters this place 
 at Biggin-Gate> There are fome re- 
 mains of the T. walls, and alfo of a 
 priory here, which is now a farm- 
 houfe ; and that which was the Kts. 
 Templars houfe over-ag?.inft it,is made 
 a ftore-houfa. The piers which form 
 the haven are coftly great works, and 
 above is a fort with 4 baftions. The 
 broad beach, which lies at the mouth 
 of it, and was the harbour in Qatar's 
 time, is very delightful, as the fight 
 of the bottom from the adjacent cliffs 
 is dreadful. 
 
 DOVERCOURT, (Effex) the mo- 
 ther Ch. of Harwich, whofe giebe 
 was given, by K. James I. together 
 with the Lp. to Sir Geo. Whitmore, 
 whofe pofterity did lately, if they do 
 not ftill, enjoy it. 
 
 DOWARD-HILL, (Heref.) in the 
 S. b. of it, in the p, of Whitchurch, 
 where, in digging for iron ore and 
 lime-ftone, broad arrow heads and 
 gigantic bones have been found ; and 
 by the ditches there, 'tis fuppofed to 
 have been once a fortification. 
 
 {3=- DOWNHAM, (Ncrf.) 71 cm. 
 89 mm. from London, has its name 
 from its hilly fituation, though the 
 common name is Downham-Market, 
 from its being a Mt. wh"ich is on 8, 
 and of fo ancient a date, that it was 
 confirmed by Edw. the Conf. -It has 
 an ugly bridge over the Great-Oufe, 
 where it erodes from Marfliiand- 
 Oufe, and a port for barges. The 
 Fair here is June 22. The manor 
 bel. anciently to the abbey of Ram- 
 fey in Huntingdonfhire ; but after 
 the DifT. came to Sir Francis Gawdy , 
 from whom it went by marriage to Sir 
 Will. Newport, alias Hatton, whofe 
 daughter carried it by marriage to 
 Robert Rich Earl of Warwick. It 
 has fince been in the poffeflion of Sir 
 Tho. Hare, Bt. and we fuppofe it to 
 be now in his heirs. 
 
 ijc DOWN-TON, alias DONCKX. 
 TON, (Wihi] 67 cm. 84 mm from 
 London, is an ancient Bor. by pre- 
 fcription. The Mt. is on F. and the 
 Fairs April iz, and St. Mattltius- 
 a'ay. "I is pleafantly fituate on tha 
 Avon, and governed by a mayor, 
 chofe yearly, at the court-leet of Sir 
 James Aflie, Ld. of the manor, un- 
 der the Bp. of Winchefter. This 
 place was the; feat of that hero Bea- 
 vois of Southampton. 
 
 D o w R s, ( Hcrsf. ) on the r. 
 Droyer, bet. the Golden- Vale and 
 Monmcuthfhire, had formerly an ab- 
 bey, and has now a ch. fc. 
 
 DRACOTT, (War-io.} on the W. 
 f' - cf Dunchiirch, was formerly a 
 Lp. of the Dracotts, then of the 
 Verdons. After them it came to 
 Sir John Delves, whofe fon fold it 
 to Sir William Bagot ; and from hi* 
 jffue it was conveyed to John of 
 Gaunt, whofe fon, afterwards K. 
 Hen. IV. gave it to the D. and C. of 
 Leicefter. At the Din. K. Edw. VI. 
 granted it to Thomas Hawkins, and 
 his heirs, who conveyed it to John 
 Smith, then the farmer of it; after 
 which it came, partly by marriage 
 and partly by purchafe, to Thomaa 
 Worcefier, whofe pofterity enjoyed it 
 in 1640. 
 
 DSACOTT, (Staff.} bet. Cheadle 
 and Uttoxeter, bel. alfo to the Dra- 
 cotts. In its church-yard is one of 
 the pyramidal frones , which the 
 Danes ufed to fet up over the graves 
 of great men. 
 
 DRAKFNEDGE, (War.} an ham- 
 let originally in N'ether-Whitacre, 
 whkh bel. totheMarmions ofTam- 
 worth-Caftle, and then to the Man- 
 cetrcs, who held it of the Lds. of 
 Nether- Whitacre, by the fervice of 
 a pair of gilt fpurs. It afterwards 
 pa(3ed to Robert de Herle and his 
 heirs, and then defcended to the 
 Haftings. 
 
 DRAWDIKES, (C;/w*. ) on the 
 Picls-Wall, bet. Stanwicke and Raw- 
 cliff, the feat of the Aglicnbys, where 
 P 3 U
 
 D R 
 
 D R 
 
 it by marriage, in the R. of 
 w. III. to Thomas Ld. Berkley, 
 
 ?s a Roman altar, with an infcrip- 
 tion. 
 
 DRAX, (York. W. R. ) by the 
 Oufe, a little to the S. E. of Barnef- 
 ley, where was anciently a caftle and 
 a men. Here is an hof. and a fchool- 
 houfe, erefted by Charles Read, Efq; 
 a native of this place, and a judge of 
 Ireland, which he endowed alfo with 
 3oo /. a year. 
 
 DRAY COT, (Wilts) bet. Pewfsy 
 and Martcnfall -Hill, formerly the 
 Lp. of the Lilies 5 from whom it 
 vent 
 Edw. 
 
 in whofe .defendants it continued" a 
 Icrp time, if it does not ftill. 
 
 3> DRAYTON, (Salop) u8cm. 
 349 mm. from London, has a Mt. 
 on W. and Fairs en the W. befoi e 
 Palm-Sw.day, and 08. 13. The 
 Ccibets family had a feat here, feme 
 of whom were iheriffs of this Co. 
 from the 33d of Hen. MI. in moft 
 of the fucceeding Rs. to the nth of 
 Cha. I. 
 
 DRAY T CN-BAS s E T, (Staff.} near 
 Tr.rmvcrth, To called from the Baf- 
 fets, who became Lds of it foon after 
 the Conqucft. In the R. of Hen. IV. 
 .it \VS the Earl of Stafford's, in 
 .vhofe family it continued, til], by 
 the attainder of Edw. Stafford, the 
 .]aft D. of Bucks of that name, it 
 efcheated to Hen. VIII. who leafed 
 it, for many years, to one Robinfon, 
 v.hofe Ton fold it to Rich. Paramore ; 
 but the latter conveyed it to the Earl 
 of Le'xeP.er j by whofe wife it went 
 to Sir Cha. Blount, who fecured it 
 .to his poflerity. Here %vas formerly 
 a nunnery. 
 
 DR AY TON-\VEST, (Midd.) near 
 Cowley, bel. anciently to St. Paul's 
 D. and'c. but K. Hen. VIII. granted 
 it to Sir William Paget, and it has 
 been almoft ever fince a feat of the 
 Lds. Paget, Earls of Uxbridge, 
 
 DRIFFIELD, (Ckc.) totheS.E. 
 of Cirencefter, is a p. 7 m. in con";, 
 but is, for the moft part, low and 
 watery. It did lately bel, to Sir 
 Ceo, Hanger. 
 
 DROFFIELD, GREAT and LIT- 
 TLE, (York, E. R.) near Kiiham, 
 in the road from Severity. The r. 
 Hull lifes bet. them, which pailes to 
 the Humber. 
 
 Jf. DROITWICH, (Wire.} 82 cm. 
 95 mm. from London, and 5 m. 
 from the Severn, ftands en the navi- 
 gable r. Salwarp, and is noted for 
 its fprings of fait. 'Tis a corporate 
 bailiwick, with about 400 houfes, tnd 
 4 Chs. It has been much inriched by 
 its fall-works, which was made here 
 even before the Conq. and the taxei 
 Ennually paid for it from hence to 
 the crown smount to about 50,000 /. 
 at the rate of 3 t. 6 d. a bufheL 
 'Tis made only from the fummer to 
 the winter folfiice, for fear cf cver- 
 ftocking the Mt. The proprietors 
 of its falt-pits are a corp. and none 
 elfe can be a burgefs here, to have a 
 vote in the election of the 2 merr.bers 
 which it fends to Pt. In 1290, St. 
 Andrew's Ch. and the greateft part 
 of the T. was burnt. It had great 
 privileges from K. John, fome of 
 which it ftill retain?, and was much 
 favoured by Henry III. and other 
 Princes. In the Rs. of Edw. I. 
 and II. this Bor. returned members 
 to Pt. 8 times, but difccnt'nucd it 
 afterwards, till the ift of Q^Mary, 
 when it had farther privileges, befiies 
 the renewal of the former j and Ja. I. 
 granted it a new charter. 'Tis go- 
 verned by a bailiff" and buigefies. The 
 bailiff is a jufHce cf the quorum, and 
 a juflice of the peace next year. Its 
 recorder is alfo a juilice. The Mt. 
 is on F. Fa'rs en Gtod-F. iV. Simcn 
 and Jade, and St. Tltn-.as's-J.'.j!. 
 Here was formerly a chantry. 
 
 J^DRONFIELD, (Deity.) fiands 
 4 m. W. of Balfover, and 1:2 err. 
 124 mm. N. W. from Lcndcn, a- 
 mong the mountains at the edge of 
 the Peak, in fo wholfome an sir, that 
 the natives commonly live to a very 
 great age, and 'tis therefore foreforted 
 to, that it abounds with gentry and 
 fine buildings. Befides a ch. fc. here 
 is a free grammar -fchool, founded in
 
 D R 
 
 TO 
 
 D U 
 
 1567, by H. Fanfhaw, Efq; a native 
 of this p. who was remembrancer in 
 the exchequer to Q^ Eliz. and in 
 1670, Francis Burton, Efq; Ld. of 
 the manor, procured a charter for a 
 Mt. on Tb. and 4 yearly Fairs, vix- 
 Jan. 10, April 14, July 15, and 
 Sept. i. Here was a chantry, which 
 is now an alehoufe. 
 
 DR VMBUGH-CASTLE, ( Climb. ) 
 
 6 m. from Carlifle, ftands on the 
 Pitts-Wall, near the r. Ellen, and in 
 the p. of Boalnefs, and was formerly 
 a Roman ftation. It bel. not many 
 years ago to the D. of Norfolk, as 
 alfo to the Lds. Dacre, and now to 
 the Ld. Lonfdale. 
 
 (Ef" DUDLEY, (Wore.') 96 cm. 
 119 mm. from London, lies on the 
 b. of Stafford/hire, has a ch. fc. a 
 Mt. on S. and a Fair July 2.5. 'Tis 
 a place' of good refort, being in the 
 road from Birmingham to Bridge- 
 north, 10 m. from the former, and 
 1 6 from the latter, and from hence 
 to Bromfgrove, which is about 18 m. 
 is a turnpike road, near which, at 
 Netherton in this p. of Dudley, is a 
 ten-yard coal-mine, of at leaft ten 
 acres. 
 
 DUDLEY.CASTIK, (Staff.) juft 
 by the T. above-mentioned, and 4 m. 
 from Wolverhampton. Its old caftle 
 was demolished by Hen. II. when in 
 poffefiicn of Gervafe Paganel, who 
 rounded a priory here. The manor 
 going by marriage to John de Someri, 
 and his heirs, one of theiri had a 
 licsnce, in the R. of Henry III. to 
 make a caftle of his manor-hovfe 
 here. It parted, in the R. of Edw. II. 
 by marriage to John de Sutton, in 
 whole pofterity it continued, til] after 
 the cxtinftion of the family, it went 
 by marriage to Hum. Ward, the fon 
 of Sir Will. Ward, a rich gcldfmith 
 of London, who thereby became pof- 
 fefTed both of the manor and caitle, 
 as his fucceflors, the Lds. Dudley and 
 Ward, have been fince. This caftie 
 is a good old fpacif us building, with 
 great trenches about it, hewn out of 
 fhe reck, and ftands on a high hiJ!, 
 
 having an extenfive profpeft into five 
 fiiiies, and a great part of Wales. 
 One part of it is in ruins, but the 
 other part was not very long ago 
 repaired. In the hall is a table, all 
 of one plank, of above 17 yards long, 
 part of an oak from the New4>ark 
 at Dudley, which meafured 7 yards 
 9 inches more, that were cut oft" to 
 fit it to the haJl, and contained 
 100 ton at leaft of neat timber. 
 
 DUDMASTON, (Salop) on the E. 
 fide of the Severn, and a little to the 
 S. of Bridgenorth, was the ancient 
 feat of the Wolriches, Bts. and is a 
 noble Structure, en a rifing ground, 
 that gives it a delightful profpe&. 
 Here was formerly a chantry. 
 
 DUDS TON, (Warw.) near Bir- 
 mingham, in the road to Stafford- 
 Shire, is an ancient village that takes 
 its name from Dodo, or Dud, its 
 original Ld. It was afterwards the 
 eftate of the Ailefburys, and then of 
 the Holts, whofe descendant, Sir 
 Thomas Holt, Bt. was Ld. of it in, 
 1640. The place, befides its hall 
 and park, is of little note now, but 
 for a cockpit. 
 
 DUG DALE, (Warto.) not far from 
 Nuneaton, ftands high, and is fup- 
 pofed to have had anciently forr.e 
 caftle or notable fort, there having 
 been foundations of buildings dug up 
 in it, and a piece of Roman copper 
 coin with the head of the Emperor 
 Trr-jan. 
 
 (j> DULVERTON, (Som.) on the 
 b. ct Devonshire, ftands, with a bridge, 
 on the DunSbrook, near its fall into 
 the Ex, 136 cm. 169 mm. from Lon- 
 don, is a place of good accommo- 
 dation, and has a Me. on -S\ and 
 Fairs Off. 28, and June 20, chiefly 
 for oxen ami Sheep. There'are Ibirie 
 lead-mines near this T. but ths ore 
 is hard and barren, and the lead that 
 comes from it harder than that of 
 Mendip-HiJls. William Montacute 
 Earl of Sail/bury formerly granted 
 this manor, an*indeed the 'whole H. 
 to the men, of Tiumton, 
 
 P 3 Dui-
 
 D U 
 
 D V 
 
 DUIWICH, (Srry) on the b. of 
 Kent, 5in. from London, is noted for 
 the medicinal waters in its neighbour- 
 hood, called Sydenham-Wells, much 
 reforted to in the purging leafon ; 
 but much more for that, called The 
 College cfGctfs Gift, founded in 1619 
 by Will. Allen ; who, being a prin- 
 cipal adtor in many of Shakefpeare's 
 plays, and perfonating the devil in one 
 of them (who is laid to have appeared 
 in propri,i p.'r.'ira") was fo affrighted, 
 that he vowed to erel this hof. which 
 he founded for a matter and warden 
 (who were to be always rn Allen) 4 
 fellows (of whom 3 were to be di- 
 vines, and the 4th an organift) 6 poor 
 men, as many poor w r ornen, and la 
 poor boys, therein to be educated by 
 one of the fellows as fchoolmafter, 
 and by another as ufher. In his ori- 
 ginal endowment he excluded all fu- 
 ture benefactions to it, and confiituted 
 fr vifitors the Ch. wardens of St. 
 Ciles's Cripplegate, St. Saviours's 
 Southwark, and St. Botolph/s Bi- 
 ihopfgate ; who, upon occafion, were 
 to appeal to the Abp. of Canterbury, 
 fcefore whom, all the members at their 
 admiflion were to be fworn, A cha- 
 pel bel. to it, in which the founder 
 himfelf, who was feveral years mafter 
 f his college, lies buried. 
 
 DUMBLETON, (GVer.)nearBeke- 
 ford and the Vale of Eve/ham, is a p. 
 5 m. in com. with a brook running 
 through it, called Ifborn. The manor 
 bel. to the abbey of Abingdon, from 
 Will, the Conq." to the Ref. when it 
 was given to Thomas Ld. Audley and 
 Sir Tho. Pope, by whom it was alie- 
 nated to Tho. Cox, Efq; of a Kentifli 
 family; from whom defcended Sir 
 Rich. Cox, the owner of all the lands 
 in the p. who, being alfo the patron 
 and conftant Ch. warden, is obliged 
 to keep it in repair ; yet part of the 
 p. is an impropriaticn be!, to Trinity- 
 Coll. Oxford j and on that account has 
 a claim to a fellowfhip in that Coll. 
 The N. ifle of theCh. bel. to the Daf- 
 tons, who have a vault in it, end a 
 foong tower at the W, ecd, Here is 
 
 a ch. fc. ered~led at the charce of Sir 
 Rich. Cox aforefaid. 
 
 DUN CHURCH, (War.} 3m. from 
 Hillmorton. It bel. formerly to the 
 mon. of Pipwell ; but in 1640 was in 
 the pcfleffion of Francis Ld.Dunfmore; 
 Sir Rowland Hill, lord-mayor of Lon- 
 don in 1349, who had part of this 
 manor, had a caufey creeled at his 
 own expence, from hence to Branfon, 
 above z m. in length. Here is a ch. fc. 
 founded and endowed by Mr. Boughtcn 
 of Cawfton in this p. who died 1707. 
 DUNDENE, (Scm.) not far from 
 Sedgsmoor, was the manor of the 
 Malets ; from whom it parted, by 
 marriage, to the Vivions ; and from 
 them, by the fame means, to the 
 Beauchamps. 
 
 DUNDRY, (Scm. ) bet. Pensford 
 and Keyniham ; where died, in Feb. 
 1742, Sarah KeedweJl, who lived to 
 be 107, and left grand. children, and 
 great grand-children, to the number 
 of 73- 
 
 DUNHAM, (Nctt.} on the Trent, 
 near Normanton ; whofe lateft owners 
 were the E. of Shrew/bury, Mr. 
 Markham, C-fr. 
 
 DUNHAM-MASSZY, (Cbejh.) on 
 the r. Merfey, in Bowden p. 3 m. 
 from Warrington, was, before the 
 conquefr, the feat of the Mafleys ; 
 then of the Fittons and Venables 5 
 afterwards of the Booths ; and now of 
 the E. of Warrington. 
 
 DuNINGTON, or DoNINGTON, 
 
 (Berks] N. ofSpinham-Land, is wa- 
 tered by the little trout-ftream, called 
 the Lambcurn, which runs into the 
 Kennet, near Thatcham. The Lp. 
 bel. formerly to Sir Rich, de Adder- 
 bury, who is faid to have founded a 
 hof. here ; and to have built a caftle 
 on the brow of its hill, which was 
 the feat of the celebrated poet, Chau- 
 cer ; who, as tradition fays, ufed to 
 compcfe his poems under an oak" le- 
 maining there not long ago, which 
 was called Chaucer's oak. The caftle 
 was garrifoned in the civil wars for 
 K. Ch. I. and held out bravely againft 
 the E, of Eflex, and 3 other Pt? offi- 
 cers.
 
 
 D U 
 
 ers, till relieved by the K. when the 
 lieee was raifed. 
 
 *> DUN MOW, (EJfix) on the 
 Chelmer, 31 cm. 38 mm. from Lon- 
 don, gives name to its H. of which 
 the high-fheriff'of the Co. isat liberty 
 to appoint the bailiff". 'Tis very an- 
 cient, and fuppofed to be the old Cx- 
 faromagus ; and in fome places, in the 
 direft road from hence to Colchefier, 
 are the remains of an old Roman way. 
 'Tis governed by 12 headboroughs j 
 out of whom the bailiff" is chofe yearly. 
 Here was formerly a priory ; and it is 
 recorded, that in the R. of Hen. III. 
 the Ld. Fitzwalter inftitutcd a cuftom, 
 which ftill goes along with the manor, 
 vix. That whatever married man did 
 not repent of his marriage, or quarrel 
 with his wife, in a year and a day after 
 it, mould go to this priory, and have a 
 gammon or flitch of bacon ; provided 
 that he fwore to the truth of it, 
 kneeling upon z hard pointed ftones in 
 the priory Ch.-yard, before the prior 
 and convent, and the whole T. And 
 the records here mention feveial per- 
 fons, who have claimed, fome very 
 Jately,- and received it accordingly. 
 Here is a good corn Mt. on 5. and 
 Fairs Apr. 25, and Off. 28. The Ch. 
 is near i m. from the T. Here is a 
 mf. of bays. Sir John Jenour, Bt. 
 has a feat at Bigwoods here, as had 
 the late Sir Swinnerton Dyer, Bt. at 
 Newton-Hall. 
 
 (C3> DoNNINGTON, (Line.) 84 
 
 cm. 99 mm. from London, has a Mr. 
 on S. noted for a large fale of hemp, 
 and hemp-feed ; a Fair May 15 ; and 
 a port for barges, by which goods are 
 carried to and from Bofton, and the 
 wafhes. 
 
 DUNNING TON, Caftle and Park, 
 (Leic.) by the Trent, and in the moft 
 N. b. of the Co. (being but jm. from 
 Derby) fo called from a caftle built 
 here by the Beaumonts Es. of Lei- 
 cefter, went from them to John Lacy 
 E. of Lincoln, who procured it a Mt. 
 and Fair from Edw. I. but they have 
 been long fince difufed. It was after- 
 wards forfeited to the crown j and 
 
 D U 
 
 therein continued, till the R. of Q., 
 Eliz. when Robert E. of Effex having 
 a grant of the park, fold it to the E. 
 of Huntington. Here was formerly 
 a mon. 
 
 DUNSBY-HAI.L, (Line.} jm. 
 N.W. of Sleaford, was fettled, by Sir 
 Tho. Sutton, on the Charter-Houfe 
 in London. 'Tis faid, here are cha- 
 lybe.it fprings. 
 
 {t^DuNS TABLE y(Bedf.} 30 CHI. 
 
 34mm. from London, ftands en a 
 chalky hill at the entrance of the 
 Chiltern, where the old Roman way, 
 Wading- Street, is crofisd by Ickneld- 
 Street ; and Roman coins have been 
 fometimes picked up near it, which 
 the country-folks called Madning 
 Money. Not far from it alfo, on the 
 very defcent of the Chiltern-Hills, is 
 an area of 9 acres, with a deep ditch 
 and rampart round it, which is called 
 Maiden-Bour. This T. having been 
 ruined by the Danes, was rebuilt by 
 Hen. I. who msde it a royal Bor. 
 but it never fent members to Pt. 
 though once fummcned in the R. of 
 Edw. II. In 1214 a council was held 
 here by the Abp. of Canterbury. K. 
 Edw. I. erefled a crofs here, with the 
 arms of England, &V. in memory of 
 his Q^Eleancr, but it wis demolished 
 in the civil wars by the Pt. army. 
 Here feveral of the Lollards were 
 martyred, in the Rs. of Hen. V. and 
 VII. The Ch. is part of a priory, 
 built by Hen. I. and oppofile to it is 
 a farm-honfe, called Kingfbury, once 
 a royal palace. An epitaph in its Ch. 
 mentions a woman here, who had 3 
 children each at 3 feveral births, and 
 3 each at 2 others. The larks taken 
 hereabouts are faid to be the largeft 
 andbeft in the Km. The road here, 
 being broad, well-beaten and plain, it 
 being the centre of many roads to 
 London, has given rife to the proverb, 
 " As plain as Dunftahle road." Here 
 are 4 Areets, anfwering to the 4 car- 
 dinal winds ; and, for want of fprings 
 here, they have each a publick pond, 
 which, though only fupplied by rain- 
 water, are never dry. 'Tis a popu- 
 loo
 
 D U 
 
 D U 
 
 Jous T. and has fcveral good inns ; 
 feme of which a v e like palaces, it be- 
 ing a great thoroughfare to the Ccs. in 
 the N. and N.W. and confer': 
 Scotland and Ireland. Its Mt. is W> 
 Fairs Ajb-Wcd. May i, and Aug. 
 I. This place feems, in former 
 times, to have been famous for brew- 
 ing ; and, at this time, the womea 
 hereabouts carry on a great mf. of 
 hats, and other convenier.cies and 
 utenfils m?de of ftraw ; in which, it 
 is faid, they excel all the world. 
 This part of the Co. was formerly 
 very woody, .and, together with the 
 faftneffes in the Chiltern-Kills, was 
 a harbour fcr great gangs of highway- 
 men ; to curb whom, K. Hen. I. built 
 Kingfbury abovementicned, after the 
 T. had been ruined by the Danes, and 
 then re-peopled the place, by promi- 
 fir.g great privileges to fuch of his 
 fubjefts, as were willing to come and 
 fettle heie. 
 
 DUNSTABURG H-C A S T L E, 
 
 {Ncnb.wb.} on the fea-fide, bet. the 
 Coquet and Fern-Wands, or bet. Ayl- 
 r^cuth and Barr.burgh-Caftle, bel. 
 formerly to the Es. of Lancafter ; of 
 whom Thomas, in the R. ot Edw. II. 
 \vas, for rebellion, beheaded on a plain 
 without the T. where a beautiful Ch. 
 was afterwards erected to his memory. 
 The caftie, which came aftcnvaras to 
 John of Gaunt, 'E. of Richmond, and 
 D. of Lancafter, continued in that fa- 
 mily, till Edw. IV. befieged, battered 
 and mined it. This place is noted 
 for a fort of ftones, like thofe of St. 
 Vincent's -Rock near Briftol. The 
 foil here is fo fruitful, tbat Dr. Gib- 
 fon, late Bp. of London, in his addi- 
 tions to Camden, reports, that 240 
 buihels of corn, befides fevcral cart 
 loads of hay, were produced net long 
 ago, within the circumference of this 
 caftie. 
 
 j^> DuNSTER,(5cw.)2m. from 
 Minhead, 130 cm. 164 mm. from 
 London, had a caftie, which, with 
 the manor, was bellowed, by Will, 
 the Cong, on Sir Will. Mohun, 
 together with 50 other manors ia 
 
 this Co. whereupon he built the T. 
 about it, with a priory which he made 
 a cell to Bath. It was in later times 
 fold to the Lutterels. The T. ftands 
 on a low grcuncl, every where fhut in 
 with hills, except tov.-ards the Severn- 
 Sea. The caftie, now. in ruins, con- 
 fifted of 2 wings, and 3 towers ; and 
 has a fine profpeft of a vale of 2m. 
 bounded by the Severn. In the civil 
 wars it was garr'foned for K. Cha. I. 
 but taken by general Bhke. 'Twas 
 the prifon of Will. Prynn, fcr refu- 
 fing to pay taxes to Crcrmvell, to 
 whom he was then as great an enemy, 
 as he had been before to the K. Here 
 are abcut 400 houfes, and its cnly 
 mf. is kerfeys. The Ch. which is 
 large, has a handfome tower built in 
 the R, of Hen. VII. 'Tis called a 
 Bor. in old writings, and once fent 
 members to Pt. The Mt. is F. Fair 
 on Wkit.M. 
 
 D u x s T c N, (Staff. ) on the N. fide 
 of Penk ridge, is noted fcr an eccho 
 in*a field on the W. fide of its cha- 
 pel, which diftinftly repeats 7 or 8 
 fyllables. 
 
 if: Dur;wiCH, (Suffolk] on the 
 coaft, 82 cm. 95mm. from London, 
 is of the moft early note of any T. in 
 the Co. In 630 it was an epifcopal 
 fee, afterwards divided into 2 fees, 
 vix. one here, the ether at North- 
 Elmham ; but Will, the Conq. tranf- 
 ferred them firft to Thetford, then to 
 Norwich. From the coirs that are 
 fometiiEcs found here, it is fuppofed 
 to have been a Roman f>ation 5 but 
 though Sir Hen. Spelman mentions a 
 report, that here were once 52 Chs. 
 and mons. yet the fea has fwallowed 
 up all the Chs. except All-Saints. In 
 the i6th century it was however a 
 populous place, and had a rr.'nt. The 
 free burgefles gave K. jchn 500 
 marks of filver for his charter, befides 
 10 falcons, and 5 gerfalcons ; and 
 they alf'o gave him zco marks an<l 
 500 eels for the grant of wrecks. 1 C 
 is governed by 2 bailiffs, and has fent 
 burgefies to Pt. ever fince the firft iVr 
 tlement of test confLturicn. Bet 
 though
 
 D U 
 
 D U 
 
 though it is a poor place, with only a 
 parcel of foiiy cottages, yet it has a 
 ch. fc. and is' chargeable with So /. 
 a year fee- farm rent to the crown ; 
 which is twice as much as any other 
 coaft T. pavs, either in this Co. or 
 Norfolk. The Mt. here is on S. 
 Sprats are cured here in the fame 
 manner as herrings at Yarmouth. 
 
 ^c DURHAM, (Durham) a plea- 
 fant, healthy, large city, 196 cm. 
 262 mm. from London, {lands on a 
 hill almoft furrounded with the r. 
 Were, and is about 70 years older 
 than the Conqueft, an epifcopal See 
 being ere&ed here in 995. 'Tis faid 
 to have been firft incorporated by 
 Rich. I. and was anciently governed 
 by bailiffs appointed by the Bps. af- 
 terwards by an alderman and 12 bur- 
 feires j but Q-_Eiiz. gave it a mayor, 
 aid. and C. C. and by a charter 
 granted in 1684, 'tis governed by a 
 maycr, 12 aid. iz C. C. recorder, 
 town-clerk, &c. who can hold 
 courts-leet and baron within the city, 
 under the ftile of the Bp. who is a 
 temporal Prince, being alfo Earl of 
 Sadberg in this Co. which he holds 
 by barony, and is flierirT-paramount, 
 and appoints his deputy, who makes 
 up his audit to the Bp. without ac- 
 counting, as ether iheriff?, to the ex- 
 chequer. The magiftrates keep a 
 pyc-powder court alib at the Fairs, 
 (which are March 20, Wkitfin-Tu. 
 and St. Cuthbcrt 's-day) and pay about 
 20 /. a year toll to the Bp. or his 
 JefTee. This is reputed one of the 
 beft Bpks. in England, and the liv- 
 ings in the Bp's. gift the richeft, 
 there being 13 from 300 to Soo /. 
 a year each. K. Htnry VIII. efta- 
 bliflied the prefent endowment for a 
 deanery here, with 12 prebendaries, 
 12 minor-canons, &c.- The Ca- 
 thedral, which is a magnificent pile, 
 was, before the Ref. called St. Mary's 
 and St. Cuthbert's, the body of which 
 laft was translated hither,' and gave 
 rife to the foundation of its Cathed- 
 ral j but in K. Hen. VIII's fcitutes, 
 'tis ftiled Ecciefta Catbedralis Cbrijli 
 
 & Beata Maria. The decoration* 
 of it, for the adminirhaticn of the di- 
 vine offices, are faid to be richer than 
 thofe of any other Cathedral in Eng- 
 land. It was remarked not very long 
 ago, that the rich old veftments 
 which the clergy here wore before 
 the Ref. were ftill worn by the Rev. 
 refidents on Sundays and holidays ; and 
 that tho' many dignified and learned 
 Proteftant clergy live here, there are 
 great numbers of Roman Catholick* 
 in and about the city. Befides the 
 Cathedral, here are 6 p. Chs. 3 in 
 the city, and 3 in the fuburbs. On 
 the S. fide of the Cathedral is the col- 
 ledge, with the prebendaries houfes j 
 and on the N. fide is the college-fc. 
 Here was a caftle on the N. E. fide of 
 the r. Were (afterwards the Bp's. pa- 
 lace) built by Will, the Conq. bet. 
 2 ftone-bridges over the Were, in 
 the heart of the city, the outer gate 
 of which is now the county-gaol. 
 In St. Mary's chapel in the Cathed- 
 ral, is the tomb of Venerable Bede, 
 whofe virtues are reprefented in a 
 parchment fcroll over it ; and in this 
 Ch. are kept fome old records of 
 Scotland, whofe Ks. have been great 
 benefactors to it, the Cathedral hav- 
 ing been rebuilt by David K. of Scots. 
 Here is the Ihire-hall, where the af- 
 fizes and fellions are held for the Co. 
 and near it a fair library, built by 
 Bp. Cofm, and the exchequer built 
 by Bp. Nevil, in which are the of- 
 fices bel. to the county-palatine court. 
 Heie is an hof. alfo built and en- 
 dowed by Bp. Cofm, and at each end 
 a fc. founded by Bp. Langley, but 
 new-built by Bp. Cofm. The city, 
 which is fortified with walls, tho* 
 upon uneven ground, is about i m. 
 long, and as much in breadth, and 
 has 3 manors, viz. the Bp's manor, 
 the D. and C's. manor, and another 
 called Gilligate, which formerly bel, 
 to a religious-houfe in the neighbour- 
 hood, but was granted, by Edw. VI. 
 to John Cockburn Ld. of Ormifton, 
 and late in the poffeffion of Mr. 
 Tempeft. The remains of the Ro. 
 mail
 
 D U 
 
 TO 
 
 E A 
 
 jttsn way, called Ikenild-Street, are 
 ftill viiib'le near this city. The Mt. 
 here is on S. The firft time that 
 this city or Co. fent members to Pt. 
 was in 1673 5 tn f e for the city are 
 chofe by the corp. citizens and free- 
 men, who, at a poll in 1710, were 
 above IOGO. 
 
 DVRHAMS, (MidJ.) am. N. of 
 Chipping^Barnet, a feat which the 
 Earl of Aibtrnarle pnrchafed of Sir 
 fohn Auilin, and has fince greatly 
 beautified, and added a park to it. 
 
 > DURSLEY, (Give.) 84 cm. 
 97 mm, from London, had anciently 
 a caftJe, which, tho' quite gone, the 
 memory of it is kept up in that called 
 CaftJeneld. The manor was given, 
 in the R. of Will, the Conqueror, to 
 Roger de Berkley, in whofe family 
 it continued, without interruption, 
 till the R. of Edw. IV^and ftill gives 
 title of Vifc. to the Earls of that 
 family ; but it defcended then by 
 marriage to the Wokeys, who fold 
 it to the Efcourts. 'T'is a corp. go- 
 verned by a bailiff and 4 conftables j 
 and its chief mf. is woollen cloth. 
 'Tis faid the inh. were heretofore fo 
 noted for craft, that to denote a 
 fharper, they called him, proverbially, 
 a man of Durfley ; but 'tis certain 
 the prefent generation don't deferve 
 to be brandad with that epithet. The 
 Mt. is on Tb. Fairs April 25, and 
 Wev. 23. 'Tis faid there is a rock 
 of ftone here, without any chop or 
 flit, which, tho' foft in hewing, and 
 therefore is called puff- ftone, is ex- 
 ceeding durable. Here was formerly 
 a chantry. 
 
 % OUT TON, (Cbejb.') on the Wee- 
 ver, N. W. of Northwich, was the 
 manor-feat of the Duttons, who had 
 a park here, but now Ld. Gerard's 
 of Bromley. 'Tis remarkable of the 
 ancient family of thefe Che/hire Dut- 
 tons, that no fidler, or other mufi- 
 cian, is fuffered to play in this Co. 
 without the licence of the Ld. of 
 Dutton, who keeps a court for the 
 fame, on Midfummer-day, at Che- 
 fter } and, in the R, of 'Hen, VII. 
 
 a quo warranto was brought again* 
 Lawrence Dutton, of Dutton, Efq; 
 to fliew why he claimed all the fid- 
 lers, &c . of Chefhire, to attend him 
 at the time and place aforefaid, and 
 then and there to give him 4 bottles 
 of wine and a lance ; and alfo every 
 mufician to pay him 4 d. half-penny, 
 and every whore following her cal- 
 ling to pay him 4 d. to which he 
 pleaded prescription ; and thofe min- 
 ftrels licenced by the heirs of Dutton, 
 are exempted out of the ftatute of 
 Rogues, 39th Eliz. This has been 
 the cuftom of the family above 
 500 years, ever fince Ralph Dutton, 
 joining his rabble of fidlers, pipers, 
 and other minftrels, with Roger de 
 Lacy his father-in-law, who was 
 conftable of Chefter, frighted the 
 Wel/hmen from befieging Ranulph II. 
 Earl of Chefter, in the caftle of Ruth- 
 Ian, where he would probably have 
 been taken prifoner. 
 
 E A 
 
 EARESBY-PLACE, (L/f.) near 
 Spilfby, was originally in the 
 family of Bee, and parted by mar- 
 riage to the Willoughbys, and by the 
 fame means from them to the Ber- 
 ties, of whom Peregrine Bertie fate 
 in Pt. in the R. of Q^ Eliz. with the 
 title of Ld. Willoughby of Earefby. 
 Here is a ch. fc. 
 
 EARSHAM, (Narf.) near Bungay, 
 had a park, which, with the houfe 
 appertaining to it, bel. to the mon. 
 of Sibton in Suffolk, but the manor 
 to the famUy of tbe Howards Ds. of 
 Norfolk. 
 
 EAST BORN, (Suffex} lies under 
 Beachy-Head, and is the chief place 
 for wheat-ears, that delicious bird fo 
 like the French ortolans. 
 
 EASTBORN, (Suffex} on the N. 
 fide of Midhurft, anciently the Lp. 
 cf the Bohuns, one of whom founded 
 a nunnery here. From them it paffed 
 to the family of Badlefmeie, and 
 from
 
 E A 
 
 E A 
 
 from them by marriage to the Tip- 
 tofts. 
 
 EAST BRIDGE, (Kent) on the N. 
 fide of Romney-Madh, bel. formerly 
 part to the abbey of Bradfole near 
 Dover, and part to the Kts. Temp- 
 lars j but, at the Ref, Edward VI. 
 granted it to Cuthbert Vaughan, Efqj 
 who having purchafed the fee-llmple 
 of Q._Eli7,. left it by will to Rkhard 
 Deering, Efq; his wife's fon. 
 
 EAST ON, (Suffolk) 6 m. from 
 Woodbridge, formerly bel. to the 
 Wingfiel Js, now the feat of the Earl 
 of Rochford. 
 
 EASTON-GRAY, (Wilts] on the 
 Lower-Avon, near Sopworth and 
 Tedbury, is a manor valued at near 
 400 /. a year, and was late Mr. Muf- 
 grove's. 
 
 EASTON-GREAT, (EJfix) on the 
 E. fide of the Chelmer, z m. from 
 Dunmow. In the R. of Rich. II. 
 it bel. to the family of Monk, and 
 \tent by marriage to that of Ld. 
 Stourton ; but coming at length to 
 be Sir Ralph Warren's, and then Sir 
 Tho. Knivet's, it paffed by them to 
 William Ld. Maynard, fo created in 
 Cha. I. in v/hofe family it has con- 
 tinued ever fince. 
 
 EASTON-LITTLE, (Efflx) on 
 the W. fide of the Chelmer, over- 
 againft the other, was Sir Tho. Lo- 
 vaine's manor anciently ; but, in the 
 R. of Edw. III. palled by marriage 
 to Sir Will. Bourchier, whofe pofte- 
 rity were Earls of Effex ; but, after 
 they had enjoyed it for feveral fuc- 
 ceffions, it was conveyed to the 
 Thrcgmortons ; from whom it was 
 purchafed by the Maynards, who 
 have the feat here which did bel. to 
 the Earls of Effex laft mentioned, 
 and derive their title of Barofi from 
 hence. In old records this place is 
 called Eftaynes ad Turrim, or by the 
 Tower. 
 
 EAST WELL, (AT^)ontheS.W. 
 Me of Wye. near Afliford, anciently 
 the manor of a family of that name, 
 and afterwards that of the Herberts, 
 the Criols, Rokefleys, Poynings, and 
 
 Piercys Earls of Northumberland, 
 who fold it to Sir Tho. Cheyney and 
 others ; from whom it paffed to Sir 
 Chr. Hales, attorney-general to K. 
 Hen. VIII. and Mr. John Col= r e- 
 
 ?cr, who married his daughter to Sir 
 'ho. Movie, by whom the greateil 
 part of that ftupendous fabrick was 
 built, which is now, with its fine 
 parks, the feat of the Earl of Win- 
 chelfea and Nottingham, to whole 
 family it defcended, by the marriage 
 of Sir Tho. Movie's daughter. 
 
 EAST WICK," (Hertf.} on the r. 
 Stour, i m. from Goldefton, in the 
 road from thence to London. In the 
 time of William the Conq. it bel. to 
 Geoffery de Beche. Being afterwards 
 in the crown, K. Hen. III. gave it 
 to Rich. Thaney, the iheriff of Ef- 
 fex and Hertford ; one of v. hofe de- 
 fcendants, in the R. of Edw. I. ob- 
 tained a Mt. here on T. and a Fair 
 on the eve-day and morrow of St 
 Botolpb, both fince difufed. In the 
 R. of Rich. II. it was in the poflef- 
 fion of Will. Doreward ; but after- 
 wards fold to Ralph Hull, who con- 
 veyed it to Roger Spice and his heirs ; 
 from whom it parted to S:r John 
 Oldhall. It afterwards came to the 
 crown, and Rich. III. by way of ex- 
 change, granted it, with the manor 
 of Hunfdon, to Sir Will. Stanley. 
 It again reverted to the crown, and, 
 in the R. of Philip and Mary, was 
 annexed, with others, to the duchy 
 of Lancafter. Q^Eliz. granted it to 
 Hen. Gary, from whom it paffed to 
 Hen. dry Earl of Dover, in who-.e 
 family it continued till 1641, when 
 it was fold to Sir John Gore of Gil- 
 fton, from whom it came to his fon 
 Sir Hum. Gore. 
 
 EAT ING DON, Up p. and LOWER, 
 (V/ariu.} in the road from Banbury 
 to Stratford upon Avon. The latter, 
 notwithftanding its name, lies on a 
 hill. The Ch. of the Upper, 
 is on the N. fide of it, is but a cha- 
 pel of eafe to the other, which has 
 bel. ever fince the Conq. to the Shir- 
 leys Eails of Ferrers. 
 
 EATON,
 
 E A 
 
 TO 
 
 E C 
 
 EATON, (Bucks) near Whaddon- 
 Chace, is in Bleachley p. and was 
 held by the Lds. Gray of Wilton, 
 by the fervice of keeping one of the 
 K's. gerfaulcons. It came afterwards 
 to the Villars Ds. of Buckingham, 
 and was fold to James Selby and Dr. 
 Willis. 
 
 EATON, (Noti.} en the r. Idle, 
 from vhence 'tis aifo called Idletcn, 
 is on the S. fide of E. Redford. It bel. 
 to the family of Wolrington in the 
 R. of Hen. II. and to JohnLeverwick, 
 John Cutt, and Thomas Wirtley, in 
 that of Hen. VI. Soon after it came 
 to Sir Jchn Savage, who enfcofted 
 Sir Thomas Chaworth, &c. with 
 2-3ds of it, and Sir Will. Babington 
 and Tho. Nevil with the other 3d, 
 to the ufe of Hu^h Hercy, whofe 
 defendants difpofed of their part to 
 Mr. Geo. Markham ; from whofe 
 family it came to Nich. Stringer, and 
 was not very long ago in the poffef- 
 fion of Francis Stringer. 
 
 EATON, (Salop) near Pitchford, 
 and 4 m. from Ercall, was anciently 
 the manor of Edward Ld. Burnell, 
 and fmce the feat of the Earl of 
 Bradford. 
 
 EATON-BISHOPS, or EATON- 
 WALL, (Here/.) near the Wye, 
 2 m. S. W. of Hereford, to whofe 
 Eps. it bel. Here was a camp of 
 above 30 acres. 
 
 EATON-COLLEGE, (Bucks) fe- 
 parated from Windfor by a wooden- 
 bridge over the Thames, was founded 
 by Hen. VI. for the maintenance of 
 a prcvoft and 7 fellows, one of whom 
 is vice-provoft, and for the inftruc- 
 tion c-f 70 K's. fcholars, (as thcfe 
 are called who are on the foundation) 
 wh", when fit, are elected, en the 
 firil Tu. in Jugufr, to K's. Coll. 
 Cambridge, where they are provided 
 for by fcholarfhips and fellowships ; 
 but they are not removed till vacan- 
 cies fall in the college, and then they 
 .are called according to feniority. The 
 fchool is divided into upper and 
 lower, and each into three ckller. 
 Ihere is a matter to each ftlx. 
 
 4 afliftants or ufliers to each mafter, 
 there being feldom lefs than 300 fcho- 
 lars here, befides thofe on the founda- 
 tion, who board at the matters houfes, 
 or elfewhere within thecoliege bounds. 
 After the fludents have been 3 years 
 on the foundation at Cambridge, they 
 claim a fellowfhip. In the great 
 court is a fine ftatue, put up to the 
 honour of the founder, by the late 
 prcvoft, Dr. Godolphin dean of St. 
 Paul's. The revenue of this college 
 is about 5000 /. a year. Here is a 
 noble library, enriched by the late Ld. 
 C. J. Reeves, who chiefly refided at 
 this place, with the fine collection of 
 books left him by Richard Topham, 
 Efq; keeper of the records in the 
 Tower j and with another collection 
 before that, left by Dr. Waddington 
 Bp. of Chefter, valued at 2000 /. 
 
 EATON-FORD,OrSoCON,(.Z?*//'.) 
 
 near the Oufe, a little to the S. W. 
 of St. Neot, had once a caftle, the 
 feat of the Beauchamps. 
 
 EBCHESTER, (Durham) on the 
 Darwent, near Darwentcote, where 
 noc many years ago were difcovered 
 the traces' of a Roman ftation, with 
 large fuburbs and ancient monu- 
 ments. 
 
 EBWORTH, (G!oc.) in the p. of 
 Painfwie, bel. to Glocefter- Abbey in 
 the R. of Eow. III. but lately came 
 to the heir of the Woods of Brook- 
 rup. 
 
 (t^EcCLESHAL^.S/Vl/.) IlOCm. 
 
 136 mm. from London, ftands near 
 the r. Sow, and is a pretty place, 
 noted for pedlars wares, and a good 
 ch. fc. It has a Mt. on Tu. and 
 Fair on Hefy-Tb. It bel. in the R. 
 of K. Stephen, to Will, de Novell, 
 or Noel. Here was a caflle built, or 
 rather rebuilt, (for hiftorians differ) 
 in the R. of Edw. I. by the Bp. of 
 Litcbfield, then Ld, high-treafurer, 
 and Ld. of this manor ; and the pre- 
 fent Pp. has a feat at that called 
 EcdtfcaUHall. 
 
 ECCLKSTON, (C/.>(Jt>.) on the r. 
 Dee, S. cf Chefter, bel. anciently to 
 the Venabks, Barons of Kinderton.
 
 E C 
 
 TO 
 
 E D 
 
 CCLESTON, (Lane.) on the 
 Darwent, 20 m. S. of Lancafter, 
 154 cm. 192 mm. from London, has 
 a Mt. on 6'. and Fair uncertain. 
 
 ECHINGHAM, (Suffex) not far 
 from Rotherfield, bel. anciently to a 
 family of that name, and was after- 
 wards divided between the Barons of 
 Windfor and the Thirwhits. 
 
 ECKLESFIELD, (York. W. R. ) 
 near Sheffield, is fo large a p. that 
 the Don palTeth through it at fome 
 diftance from the T. After being 
 the Lp. of the Viponts, Lovetots, 
 Furnivals, Nevils, and Talbots, it 
 pafled to the Howards, and is now 
 the D. of Norfolk's. Near Barnef- 
 hall in this place, which was an- 
 ciently the feat of Sir Richard Scot, 
 he built an hof. and endowed it with 
 30 /. a year. 
 
 EDDYSTON, ( Devon. ) a dan- 
 gerous rock off of Plymouth, which 
 is covered at high-water, but bare at 
 ebb, where the ingenious Mr. Win- 
 ftanley built a light-houfe, which, 
 after ftanding many violent rtorm c , 
 was blown down by that dreadful 
 one on the ajth of Novemb. 1703, 
 when Mr. Winftanley, and all that 
 were with him in it, periflied ; but 
 another is fince built in its ftead, 
 by the corp. of Trinity-houfe, by 
 duties on all veflels. 
 
 EDENHALL, orEoNAL, (Cumb.} 
 on the Eden, N.E. of Penrith, was 
 a p. in the R. of Hen. I. who gave 
 it to the Cathedral of Carlifk, and 
 has lately been the feat of the Muf- 
 graves, Bts. 
 
 ED ENS TOW, (Nott.) in the foreft 
 of Sherwood, which, when part oY 
 the royalty of Mansfield, had a Fair 
 granted it in the Rs. of Henry IV. 
 and VI, is come to be the inheri- 
 tance of the heirs of the late D. of 
 Newcaftle. 
 
 EDGCOMB.MOUNT, in Devonjb. 
 tho' on the Cornifh fide of the Ta- 
 rmr, ftands near Saltafli. "Tis a feat 
 of Ld. Edgcomb, which is in the 
 midft of a park, and has a charming 
 view of the winding harbour and fea 
 
 below it, including the T. and cita- 
 del of Plymouth, as well as of great 
 part of the adjacent country. It was 
 made a garrifon for K. Cha. I. in the 
 civil war. 
 
 EDGECOTT, (Nortbamp.') near 
 Banbury and the valley of Danef- 
 moor, which laft is noted in hiftory 
 for two great battles in it, one bet. 
 the Danes and Saxons, and the other 
 bet. the Lancaftrians and the adhe- 
 rents of Edw. IV. There are three 
 little hills about it, forming a kind 
 of triangle where the battle wa* 
 fought. 
 
 EDGEFIELD, (Norf.) on the S. 
 fide of Holt, did bel. to the family 
 of Ld. Willoughby of Erefby ; and 
 the late Earl of Yarmouth had a feat 
 in the p. 
 
 EDGEHIIL, (Warw.} nearKine- 
 ton, which was the field of the fig- 
 nal battle, in 1642, bet. the armies 
 of K. Cha. I. and the Pt. lies at the 
 W. end of the Vale of Red-Horfe, 
 and gives a moft extenfive profpecl. 
 'Tis fteep to the N. and has a ftrong 
 large intrenchment on the top. The 
 battle was fought on the defcent of 
 the hill, bet. Radway and Kineton. 
 
 g^=> EDGE WARE, (Midd.) locm. 
 12 mm. from London, in the road 
 to St. Alban's, Watford, and Har- 
 row on the Hill, being on the very 
 edge of the fhire. The Ch. is in the 
 E. part, and the W, part bel. to 
 Little-Stanmore , or Whitchurch. 
 The Mt. is Tb. There is an eftate 
 in this p. called Brook-Hill, of 
 150 acres, held by leafe of All- 
 Souls Coll. Oxford. The old Ro- 
 man way, called Watling-Street, 
 pafieth by here from London. 
 
 EDGEWORTH, (Gloc,} is a p. to 
 the N. E. of Stroud, 6 m. in com. 
 containing a part of Pinbury-Park, 
 and a brook runs thro' it into Stroud 
 r. The manor bel. above 200 years 
 to the Raleighs, and afterwards came 
 iato the hands of Nat. Ridler, Efq; 
 who was high-flierift" of the Co. in 
 1694. 
 
 Q^ EBLIN-
 
 E D 
 
 E G 
 
 tDLINCALL, Of EDDINGALL, 
 
 (Staf.) ftands on the N. E. fide of 
 Litchfield. There is a raifed way 
 here, pointing towards Lullington, 
 which is thought to be one of the 
 Roman <via vircina/es, or By-roads ; 
 for fuch they had, befides their great 
 roads, bet. the Ts. and here is one 
 of thofe barrows that was ufually 
 raifed over the bodies of eminent 
 captains. 
 
 EDIWESTON, (Rutl.) to theS. E. 
 of Okeham, bel. formerly to an ab- 
 bey in Normandy, and afterwards to 
 the priory of Carthufians near Co- 
 ventry. At the DifT. it was held by 
 Francis Coniers, Efq; by leafe from 
 the faid priory ; but afterwards 
 Edward VI. granted it to William 
 Marquis of Northampton ; after his 
 death without ifTue, it parted to his 
 nephew, Henry Earl of Pembroke. 
 The Ld. of the manor not very long 
 ago was Cha. Halford, Efq; whofe 
 a iceftors had their feat here towards 
 the beginning of the laft century. 
 
 ST. EDMOND'S - CHAPEL and 
 CAPE, (Norf.) in the N.W. angle 
 of the Co. The coaft here is fecured 
 againft the incurfions of the fea, by 
 fand heaps, commonly called Meales. 
 
 EDMONDTON,(M/W.)intheWare 
 road, 7 m. and half from London, came 
 by the female-heir of the Mandeviles 
 Es. of Eflex, to a branch of the Says. 
 
 EDSON, or EDSTON, (Warm.) 
 on the S. E. fide of Henley, came, 
 by the female-heir of the Ailefburys, 
 to the Somerviles, who made it their 
 chief feat. 
 
 EDWALTON, (Nott.) near Plum- 
 tree, in the road to Nottingham, bel. 
 formerly to the Chaworths and La- 
 tbums. 
 
 EDWARDSTON, (Suff.) on the 
 N. fide of Nayland, bel. anciently 
 to the Munchenfeys ; from whom 
 it pafled by marriage to the family of 
 Sir Richard Walgrave. Here was a 
 mon. that was a cell to Abingdon- 
 Abbey. 
 
 ' EFFING HAM, (SWy) bet. W. 
 Horfley and the Cookhams, in the 
 
 road from Leatherhead to Guildford. 
 There is a tradition, that it was once 
 a large place, and had 16 Chs. tho' 
 now a fmall village. The manor 
 bel. heretofore to the Staffords Ds. 
 of Buckingham ; but in the R. of 
 Hen. VIII. was veiled in the crown, 
 and by that K. granted, in fee, to 
 the Ld. Berners ; who dying with- 
 out any legitimate male-ifiue, it went 
 by marriage to Edmund Knyvet ; 
 after this, it pafled to the D. of 
 Norfolk's fon, William, whom Q._ 
 Mary I. created Ld. Howard of Ef- 
 fingham. Here is a Fair on St. Law- 
 rencei-day, 
 
 EGERTON, (Kent] in Godmer- 
 fliam p. en the other fide of the 
 Stour, bel. formerly to the Earl of 
 Badenoch, and went from his family 
 by marriage to David Strabolgy Earl 
 of Athol, whofe fon gave it 'to his 
 kinfman Sir Hen. Hills, whofe po- 
 fterity held it many fuccefiions ; but 
 at length fold it to one Scot, whofe 
 heir tranflated it to Daniel Gother- 
 fon. 
 
 EG HAM, (Surry] on the Thames, 
 oppofite to Stanes, 3 m. from Wind- 
 for, bel. formerly to the abbeys of 
 Chertfey in Surry, and Ankerwyke 
 in Bucks; but fince to JohnThynne, 
 Efq; from whofe relidt it was pur- 
 chafed by Mr. Adrian Moor, attorney 
 at law, lately deceafed. 'Tis divided 
 into 4 tithings, and being a thorough- 
 fare from London to the W. has 
 fome very good inns. Here is a ncble 
 ch. fc. befides almfts. particularly 
 one, built and endowed by Baron 
 Denham, furveyor of the works to 
 K. Cha. II. for 5 poor old women, 
 who have each an orchard. The 
 parfonage-hcufe here was the feat of 
 Sir John Denham, who rebuilt it, 
 and was the father of the poet, who 
 took great delight in it. 
 
 EGH AM-FosTERs, (Surry') i m. 
 S. of Egham, was the feat of Ld. 
 C. J. Fofter and his heirs, but had 
 been before the feat of judge Denham, 
 and been much improved by the Marq, 
 of Wintore and Sir John Dodderidge. 
 Ecis-
 
 E G 
 
 TO 
 
 E L 
 
 EGISFORD, (Devon.} near Chum- 
 leigh, the feat of Coulfon Fellowes, 
 Efq; as it was formerly of the E. of 
 Donnegal. It ftands on the Taw, and 
 has a ford over it, a little above its 
 junction with the Dart ; it is faid, 
 that eagles ufed to breed heretofore 
 in the neighbouring woods. 
 
 EGGLESTON, or EGGLETON, 
 (York. N. R.) on the Tees, near Bar- 
 nard-Cattle, had formerly a mon. but 
 is famous for nothing now, except a 
 good quarry of marble. 
 
 EG LET ON, (Rutl.) in the p. of 
 Okeham, was formerly part of the 
 manor of Langham, and bel. to the 
 Lady Gavefton, wife to the favourite 
 of Edw. II. Henry de Grey Ld. of 
 Cednovre obtained a grant of it, in 
 ' the R. of Rich. III. and it reverting 
 to the crown, was granted to the fa- 
 mily of the Browns ; one of whom, 
 vix. Sir Anthony, in the R. of Hen. 
 VIII. reconveyed it to the crown. 
 Geo. Villiers D. of Buckingham was 
 afterwards Ld. of this manor ; and 
 fince him the late E. of Nottingham. 
 
 EGMANTON, ( Nott.) on the S. fide 
 ofTuxford,bel. formerly to the Mow. 
 brays, then to the Everinghams ; from 
 whom it came to the Northwoods. 
 It afterwards became the manor of 
 Popham,by the marriage of the daugh- 
 ter of Sir Seb. Harvey, aid. of Lon- 
 don ; and we find it fome time in the 
 poffefiion of the Stanhopes^fcnceftors 
 to the Es. of Chefterfield. Egman- 
 ton-Hall was purchafed and built by 
 Nich. Powtrel, ferjeant at law, who 
 gave it to his coufin Markham ; by 
 whofe heir it was fokl to Fran. Wil- 
 liamfon ; from whofe family it is 
 fince come to the family of the Ds. of 
 Kingfton. 
 
 287 mm. from London, ftands on the 
 banks of a little r. that falls into the 
 fea, near the promontory of St. Bees. 
 It had a caftle on a hill, which with 
 the barony bel. anciently to the Pier- 
 cys Es. of Northumberland. *Tis a 
 Eor. T. and fent members to Pt. once 
 in the R. of Edw. I. but never af- 
 
 ter. It has a Mt. on S, and a yearly 
 Fair. 
 
 ELCOMB, (Wilts) in Elington p. 
 to the S. E. of Wotton-Baffet, bel. 
 formerly to the Lds. Lovcl ; and af- 
 terwards being efcheated to the crown, 
 by an attainder of Francis Vifc. Level, 
 for joining with K. Rich. III. in Bof- 
 worth-Field, Hen. VIII. gave it to 
 Will. Compton 5 fome of whofe fa- 
 mily fold it to Tho. Sutton, Efq; who 
 fettled it upon his noble foundation of 
 the Charterhoufe, London. 
 
 ELFORD, (Staff.) on the Tame, 
 N. of Tamworth, i m. from Comer, 
 ford, and 3 m. from Lichfield, bel. for- 
 merly to the Arderns, then to the 
 Stanleys ; and paffed, fuccefiively, 
 through the Stantons, Smiths, and 
 Huddleftons, to Sir John Bowes . Here 
 is a Tumulus to be feen, which is 
 fuppofed to have been Roman. The 
 E. of Berkshire has a feat here. 
 
 83 s ELHAM, (Kent) on the leffer 
 Stour, bet. Wye and Hythe, 58 cm. 
 62 mm. from London. The prince, 
 afterwards K. Edw. I. having ob- 
 tained a Mt. and Fair for it, fold it to 
 Boniface of Savoy, Abp. of Canter- 
 bury, who conveyed it to the Ley- 
 bourns ; by an heirefs of which fa- 
 mily it paffed to John de Haffings and 
 Will, de Clinton E. of Huntings j 
 but, for want of iffue, it efcheated to 
 the crown, wh;n Rich. II. granted it 
 to Simon de Burleigh, Ld. warden of 
 the Cinque-Ports ; and, on his for- 
 feiture of it foon after by treafon, he 
 granted it to the canons of St. Ste- 
 phen's at Wefrminfter ; but, at the 
 Diff. K. Edw.VI. granted it, in leafe 
 for 80 years, to Sir Edw. Wotton ; 
 whofe fon made over the remainder of 
 the leafe to Alex. Hamon, whofe co- 
 heir carried it, by marriage, to Sir 
 Rob. Lewknor ; but the fee-fimple 
 was purchafed of the crown by Sir 
 Cha. Herbert, mafter of the revels in 
 the R. of Cha. I. and he, not long 
 after, refigned his intereft to Mr. Alft, 
 a Dutch merchant at London. The 
 Mt. isM Fairs the M. before Softer, 
 Eajier-M. Wlit-M. and Off. 9. 
 
 Qji EL ING,
 
 E L 
 
 E L 
 
 ELING, GREAT and LITTLE, 
 (Midd.) bet. Brentford and the road 
 to Oxford. Great-Ealing, which lies 
 to the E. of the other, has a pretty 
 Ch. which is the mother Ch. of that 
 of Old-Brentford, with 8 mufical 
 bells, a work-houfe, and a ch. fc. 
 
 ELLENHALL, (Staff.) near Ec- 
 clefhall, formerly the manor of the 
 Noels, then of the Harcourts ; whofe 
 family were lately, if they are not 
 rftill, its Lds. 
 
 (Cj* ELLESDON, (Northumb.) 225 
 cm. 29! mm. from London. The 
 Mt, and Fair here are uncertain. An 
 imperfect altar was dug up here fome 
 time ago, with the bones of beafts, 
 burnt afhes, and broken urns. 
 
 144 mm. from London, gives title of 
 Baron to the D. of Bridgewater, and 
 has its name from a great lake or 
 mere, noted for good fifli. The Mt. 
 is Tu. and Fairs Whit-Tit. Aug. 15, 
 -and Nov. II. 
 
 ELLISLEY, or ELSLXY, (Camb.) 
 near St. Neots, in the road from 
 Cambridge, had a nunnery, which 
 Will, the Conq. removed to Hinchin- 
 brook. 
 
 ELMIDON, (War.) bet. Solihull 
 and Cole/hill, was formerly the manor 
 of the Hores, and went, by marriage, 
 to the Botelers ; one of whom fold it 
 to Tho. Marrow, whofe fon fold it 
 to Hen. Mayne of Bevington, whofe 
 grandfon had it in 1640. 
 
 ELMHAM-NORTH, (Norf.) on 
 the S. W. fide of Repeham, and on 
 the N. fide of the Hier ; though a 
 fmall village now, was once a very 
 considerable place j for, till within 
 thefe 2 laft centuries, it never was 
 under any fecular Ld. and was once 
 the fee of a Bp. jointly with Dunwich, 
 before it was removed to Thetford, and 
 thence to Norwich. Here was for- 
 merly a caftle on a hill, from which 
 there was a pafTage under ground to 
 the altar of the Ch. K. Hen. VIII. 
 gave the Lp. of this T. to the Ld. 
 Cromwell, whofe great grand- fon fold 
 
 it to Sir Edw. Coke ; from whom it 
 came to the Audleys. Near this 
 place, \nFcb. 1710-11, a great quan- 
 tity of urns was difcovered, which had 
 generally nothing in them, but afhes, 
 and pieces of broken bones. 
 
 ELMHVRST, (Staff.) near Litch- 
 field, the manor and feat of Sir The. 
 Biddulph, Bt. where Dr. Plot fays is 
 an eccho, which returns a hum, or 
 clap with the hands, if the weather 
 be calm, 10 or 12 times ; yet fo thick 
 and clofe, that it admits of nothing 
 articulate, but a monofyllable. In 
 this p. is a Roman tumulus. 
 
 ELMLEY -CASTLE and ELM- 
 LEv-LovEt, (Were.') the one on 
 Bredon-Hills, the other bet. them 
 and Evefham, bel. anciently to the 
 Beauchamps. 
 
 ELMORE, (Gloc.) on the Severn, 
 3m. S.W. of Glocefter, the manor 
 and feat of Sir John Guife, Bt. whofe 
 family have enjoyed it, for near 500 
 years part. "Tis called fo, from the 
 plenty of eels taken in the moors of 
 this p. which is 6 m. in compafs. 
 
 ELMSTREE, (Gloc.) near Tet- 
 bury, was granted by Edw. IV. to 
 the college of Weftbury upon Trin. 
 
 ELNBOROUGH, (Cutnb.) at the 
 mouth of the Eln, was anciently a 
 Roman garrifon ; and feveral altars, 
 ftatues, and other remains of anti- 
 quity have been dug up here. 
 
 ELS ING, (Norf.) to the N. E. of 
 Dereham, bel. anciently to the Fol- 
 liots ; from whom it went, by mar- 
 riage, to the Haftings, of the Aber- 
 gavenny family ; and from them, in 
 the fame manner, to Will. Brown, 
 the brother of the firft Vifc. Monta- 
 cute. 
 
 ELS TED, (Surry) on the W. fide 
 of Godalming, bet. the r. Wey, and 
 a brook that falls into it, bel. fomc 
 time ago to the Salmons ; but was 
 conveyed , by marriage , to Capt. 
 Bifhop. 
 
 EL s T o N, (Nott.) in the road from 
 
 Bingham to Newark, the manor end 
 
 feat of the Lafcels ; to whom it de- 
 
 fcended
 
 E L 
 
 E L 
 
 fcended from the Motheleys, by mar- 
 riage. 
 
 EL STOW, (Bedf.) below, or ra- 
 ther to the S. of Bedford, had for- 
 merly a nunnery, and has a Fair May z . 
 
 ELSTREE, (Hartf.) ftands on an 
 eminence, im. from Stanmore, and 
 in the road from Watford to High- 
 Barnet, and bet. Totteridge and Al- 
 denham. 'Tis alfo called Eagleilree, 
 Illitree and Idleftree. The Watlmg- 
 ftreet of the Romans, which parted 
 here, became in length of time fo 
 ruinous, that it was therefore called 
 Ellftree, or Illftreet. It bel. hereto- 
 fore to St. Alban's-abbey 5 but at the 
 Dill", it was granted to Anth. Denny, 
 Efq; one of whofe defcendants fold 
 Parkbury manor (fo called from the 
 abbot's park here) in the R. of Ja. I. 
 to Rob. Brifcoe of Aldenham, who 
 fold a part of the manor to Sir Baptift 
 Hicks, and conveyed the other to his 
 nephew Edw. Brifcoe, whofe fon fold 
 it to Edw. Beauchamp ; upon whofe 
 death it came to his fon, the prefent 
 pofiefibr. The E. of Salifbury has a 
 manor here, and part of Parkbury is 
 in the pcffeffion of the widow of 
 Jofhua Lom?x, Efq;. 
 
 ELTHAM, (Kent) 7 m. from Lon- 
 don, in the road to Maidftone, and 
 in the midway bet. Bromley and the 
 Thames, bel. anciently to the Vefeys 
 and Mandevils. A palace was built 
 by Anth. Beck, Bp. of Durham, and 
 beftowed upon Eleanor wife of K. 
 Edw. I. after he had got the eftate of 
 the Vefeys into his hands. K. Ed. II. 
 refided here constantly ; and his fon, 
 who was born here, was there-fore 
 called John of Eltham. The palace 
 here was much enlarged by the Ks. 
 his fucceiTors, who, when the court 
 was kept at Greenwich, often retired 
 hither ; and here were made thofe 
 called the ftatutes of Eltham, by 
 which the K's. houfeis ftill governed. 
 The Pfs. afterwards Q^Eliz. who was 
 born at Greenwich, was often brought 
 hither by her nurfes for better air ; 
 and it gives titk of E. to the Pr, of 
 
 Wales. There are few or no traces 
 to be feen of the palace 5 neverthelefs 
 it is a pleafant place, with hand- 
 fame feats of Sir John Shaw and Sir 
 Will. Fytche, Bts. and other rich ci- 
 tizens. Here are alfo 2 ch. fcs. 
 
 ELTON, (Hunt.) with its Hall, 
 Mill and Park, are on the N. E. fide 
 of the Nen, near Fotheringhay-Caftle. 
 'Twas the feat of the ancient family 
 of the Sapcotes, who had a beautiful 
 private chapel here, built by the Lady 
 Eliz. Dinham, Baron Fitzwarren's 
 widow, who married into this family. 
 It now bel. to the Probys ; a lady of 
 which family has ere&ed and endowed 
 a ch. fc. here. 
 
 ELTON, (Nott.) on the E. fide of 
 Bingham, bel. anciently to a priory 
 at Blythe j but on the DirT. was 
 granted to Mr. York j of whom it 
 was purchafed by Sir John Lyon, an 
 aid. of London } but his heirs fold it 
 to the Mores. 
 
 (Kf 3 ELY,(Camb.) 57 cm. 6gmm, 
 from London, in the ifle of Ely, 
 which gives title of Marquifs to the 
 Pr. of Wales, is an ancient city; 
 which, being furrounded by the Oufe 
 and other flreams, is therefore un- 
 healthy, though it ftands on a rifing 
 ground. Here was anciently a mon. 
 which in 1109 was made the fee of 
 Bps. who were counts palatine through 
 the whole ifle of Ely, till the R. of 
 Hen. VIII. Its minfter, or cathedral, 
 and the palace, are its chief ornaments. 
 The former has a ftately cupola, 
 which is feen at a vaft diftance, but 
 feems to totter with every blaft of 
 wind. 'Tis a large T. but not popu- 
 lous, nor beautiful ; and has grat 
 plenty of provifions. 'Tis ohferved 
 to be the only city in England, fub- 
 ordinate to the Bp. in its civil Gt. and 
 unreprefented in Pt. Here is a fr. fc. 
 and 2 ch. fcs. The chief ftreet is full 
 of fprings ; where are wells bricked 
 up knee high, almoft every hundred 
 yards, which generally overflow from 
 one to another, all the way down the 
 hill, 'Tis fo encoropaffed with gar-
 
 E M 
 
 TO 
 
 E N 
 
 dens, that it ferves all the country 
 round, as far as Cambridge ; and St. 
 Ives is fupplied from hence with 
 greens, and other garden-fhiff ; and 
 they are particularly noted for vaft 
 quantities of ftrawberries. The 
 Mt. here is Saturday, Fair Oflober 
 
 EMILDON, (. 
 borrow-Caftle, is in a part of the 
 country, where fuch improvements 
 have been made by the Salkelds of this 
 p. in husbandry and gardening, that 
 fruits are prbduced here in as great 
 variety and perfection, as in the S. of 
 England. 
 
 EMPINGHAM, (Rut!.} bet. Bur- 
 leigh on the Hill and Tickencote, bel. 
 heretofore to the Normanvilles and 
 Bafings, and the Pafleleys ; one of 
 whom, in the R. of Edw. I. had a 
 grant for a Mt. here on Tb. and a 
 Fair May 17. both long fince difufed. 
 It was lately the manor of Sir Tho. 
 JMackworth, who enjoyed it by inhe- 
 ritance from Ralph de Normanville, 
 who lived in the R. of Hen. III. fo 
 that this eftate has continued in the 
 fame blood, though not in the fame 
 jiame, near 450 years. Here is a 
 ch. fc. and on the heath there ufed to 
 Je horfe-races. 
 
 EM SCOT, (War.') which is alfo 
 written Edmundfcot and Edelmefcor, 
 and is on the N.E. fide of Warwick, 
 formerly bel. to the Spigurnells, then 
 to the Revells and Hugfords ; from 
 which laft family it pa/Ted, by mar- 
 riage, to Hum. Beaufo of Oxfordshire ; 
 whofe lineal defcendant was Ld. of it 
 in 1640. 
 
 EX'BOURN, E. and W. (Berks] 
 near Newberry, are famous for the 
 cuftom of the manor. On the death 
 of a copyhold tenant, the widow is to 
 Shave her free-bench in all his copy- 
 Jhold lands dum fola et cafta fuerit ; 
 but if fte commit incontinency, flie 
 forfeits her widow's eftate ; yet, after 
 this, if me come into the next court 
 held for the manor, riding backwards 
 en a black ram, and-fay the following 
 words, the toward is bcwnd by the 
 
 cuftom to admit her to her free- 
 bench : 
 
 " Herelam,ridinguponablackram, 
 " Like a whore as I am ; 
 " And for my crincum crancum, 
 " Have loft my bincum bancum j 
 " And for my tail's game, 
 " Am brought to this worldly fliame; 
 " Wherefore, good Mr. Steward, let 
 " me have my lands again." 
 
 ENEWOOD, or EVENWOOD, 
 ( Durham ) at the head of the r. 
 Gaunlefs, is a barony of the Bp. held 
 of him formerly by the Hanfards, 
 who had one of their chief feats here. 
 
 {ff> ENFIELD, (Midd.} locm. 
 near 1 1 mm. from London, is called 
 in feme old records Enfen, or Infen, 
 from the fenny foil of fome part of 
 its p. fo drained fince, that, except 
 the part called Enfield-Waih, it is 
 now become good land. It was for- 
 merly noted for tanning of hides ; and 
 the manor bel. to Walden-Abbey, and 
 had a royal palace, built by Tho. Lo- 
 ve), in the R. of Hen. VII. and the 
 chace near it bel. formerly to the 
 Magnavils Es. of Eflex, then to the 
 Bohuns ; but has been ever fince 
 parcel of the duchy of Lancaster. In 
 the centre almoft of the chace, are the 
 ruins of an old houfe, which is faid to 
 have bel. to the Es. of Eflex juft men- 
 tioned. Here is a moft fumptuous 
 lodge for the ranger j and the /kirts 
 of the chace are ftored with country- 
 feats, for the citizens of London and 
 fportfmen. This chace was full of 
 deer, and all forts of game, when K. 
 Jam. I. refided at Theobolds ; but in 
 the civil wars was ftripped both of the 
 game and timber, and let out in farms. 
 Yet after the Reft, it was laid open 
 again, woods and groves were re- 
 planted, and the whole chace ftored 
 with deer ; but it is not, nor perhaps 
 ever will be, what it was. The Mt. 
 is o. and the Fairs on Good-Fr. St. 
 Pbil. and Jac. May I, Sept. iz and 
 Nov. 30. Here are feveral boarding- 
 fcs, one of which is a large old 
 houfe.
 
 E N 
 
 TO 
 
 E P 
 
 houfe, called (^Elizabeth's, on En- down and carry away, wherever th fi 
 field-Green, over-againft the Ch. Ch. -wardens marked it out, by giv- 
 ENGHAM, (Berks) near Swinford, ing the firft chop, as much timber 
 has a ferry over the Ifis, which, with as could be drawn away by men's 
 the lock adjoining, is leafed out at hands into the abbey-yard j and if 
 370 /. a year. they could draw it out again, in fpite 
 
 ENGLEFIELD, (Berks) i m. to of the oppofition of the fervants of 
 the N.W. of Theal, is alfo called the abbey to prevent it, they were 
 Inglefield, had its name from the to keep it for the necefTary repara- 
 Danes being routed here by K. Ethel- tions of the Ch. By this cuftom 
 wolf, and gives name to a very an- 'tis faid the people hold their right 
 cient family, its owners. Their feat of commonage at Lammas and Mi 
 at the great houfe, called Inglefield- chaelmas. 
 
 Houfe, was the Marquis of Winche- ENSTON, or NEAT-ENSTON, 
 fter's, and is now the feat of Paulet (Oxf.) near the r. Glim, to the 
 Wright, grandfon to the keeper of S. E. of Chipping-Norton, has fa- 
 the great-leal. The late Sir Charles mous water-works, contrived and 
 Inglefield had a houfe lower down in begun by Mr. Bulhel, who was fer- 
 the T. John Laroche, Efq; has a vant to Ld. Verulam, to which 
 feat on Englefield-Green, which is having added walks, a grove, &c t 
 in the p. of Egham. he there entertained K. Cha. I. and 
 
 ENGLETON, (Staff.) at the in- his Q^ who gave it the name of 
 flux of Brewood-Water into the Henrietta. The place was almoft 
 Penk, is the ancient feat of the ruined in the civil wars ; but Edward 
 Moretons, to whom it came from the Henry Lee, Earl of Litchfield, com. 
 Ingletons by marriage. ing to be Ld. of the manor, repaired 
 
 ENGLEWooo-FoRzsT, (Cumb.) and improved the water-works to 
 1 6 m. in length, from Penrith to admiration. 
 
 Carlifle, was anciently much infefted ENSTON, (Staff.) to the N. E. 
 with wild boars ; but afterwards fo of Stafford, near the Trent, oppofite 
 well ftocked with deer, that Edw. I. to Sandon, was a great feat of the 
 is faid to have killed 200 bucks here Beresfords. There is a briniffi fpring 
 in a day. It has been disforefted, and in the manor, which frets away 
 has now feveral ps. the grafs and earth about it. 
 
 ENMORE, (Som.) on a little r. ENviLDE,(5/^7".)3m.frcmStour- 
 that runs into the Parret, near Bridg- bridge, the ancient manor of the Grays, 
 water, was formerly the manor and and feat of the Earl of Stamford, 
 feat of the Mallets, but went by EPALLETS, or PALLETS, 
 marriage to John Wilmot Earl of (Hartf.) i m. S. of Hitchin, in the 
 Rochefter. road to Stevenage, is the vulgar name 
 
 ENSHAM, (Oxf.) has a ferry on for Hippolet's, to a fuppofed faint of 
 the Ifis, not far from Blenheim- which name the Ch. was dedicated. 
 Houfe, was, in the time of the " This faint (fays Norden) pafled for 
 Saxons, a royal village, and had an " a good breaker of colts, and was as 
 abbey, to which the Grays Ds. of " good a horfe-leach ; and was there- 
 Kent were great benefactors ; but " fore fo reverenced after his death, 
 it has been long fince turned into a " that all horfemen who travelled 
 private houfe, and bel. to the late 
 Earl of Derby. One of the Saxon 
 Ks. held a general council here. In 
 
 this p. there was an old cuftom, 
 whereby the town's people were al- 
 lowed, upon Whitfon-M. to cut 
 
 that way, brought their fteeds into 
 theCh. up to this hcrfe-breaker't 
 flirine at the altar, where a prieft 
 attended to bcftow frsgments of St. 
 Hippolet's miracles upon their un- 
 tamed colts, and old wanton and 
 " foua-
 
 E P 
 
 E P 
 
 " foundered jades ; which miracles, 
 " if well paid for, produced wonder- 
 " ful cures. The horfes were brought 
 " out of the N. ftreet thro' the N. 
 " gate, and the N. door of the Ch. 
 " which was boarded on purpofe to 
 " bring up the horfes to the altar ; 
 " fince which time, the Ch. has al- 
 " ways been boarded." This lame 
 cuftom of bleffing horfes, affes, &c. 
 is ftill kept up yearly by the pope 
 at Rome, and alfo by the priefts in 
 Spain, &c. Mean time Mr. Salmon, 
 in his Hiftory of Hertfordfliire, ri- 
 dicules this ftory, tho' handed to us 
 by Mr. Weaver and Mr. Chauncy ; 
 and fays, " That this faint was no 
 " hypocrite, but a real Bp. and a 
 " martyr, for adhering to the feel 
 " of Origen." The Pirral rifes in 
 this p. and runs by Much-Wimley 
 to Ickleford. 
 
 EPERSTON, (Nott,) I m. from 
 Sherwood-Foreft, and 2 m. from the 
 Trent, had 2 manors, one of which 
 bel. formerly to the Odingfells and 
 the Sampfons, one of whom obtain'd 
 a Mt. 'here on Tu, and a Fair on 
 Sept. 14, but the Mt. is difufed, if 
 not the Fair ; the other having palled 
 from Roger de Bufli, thro' the fa- 
 milies of Jorze, Chetwind, Haw- 
 burgh, &c. refted in that of Wal- 
 ker, ever fince the R. of Hen. VII. 
 
 {^ EPPING, (EJj'ex} 15 cm. 
 17 mm. from London, formerly bel. 
 to Waltham-Abbey ; but, after the 
 DifT. Q^Elir. gave it to Sir Thomas 
 Heneage, from whom it defcended 
 to Sir Moyle Finch, and from him 
 it defcended to the Earl of Winchel- 
 fea ; who, in the R. of Cha. I. fold 
 the manor for 2 1,000 /. to William 
 Ld. Gray of Wark, afterwards Earl 
 of Tankerville, who left it to his 
 coufin, Will. Ld. North and Gray, 
 whofe widow and the Ld. Guilford 
 fold it to Edw. Conyers, Efqj The 
 houfe here is called Rollefton. The 
 Mts. which are on Tb. for cattle, 
 and F. for provifions, are kept in 
 Epping-Street, a hamlet about i m. 
 and half from the Ch, The Fairs 
 
 are on April z, Wbitfon-Tu. Sept. 2, 
 and Nov. 2. There are other fine 
 feats on the Foreft, befides that moft 
 noble one at Wanted, bel. to th>; Ld. 
 Caftlemain, of which in its place. 
 The foreft, which is a royal chac;;, 
 and reaches from the T. almoft 
 to London, was anciently called the 
 Foreft of EfTex, and then of Wul- 
 tham, and was granted by Edward 
 the CcnfefTor, to his favourite, Ran- 
 dolph Pepperking, after called Pe- 
 verell who having a beautiful lady 
 to his wife, William the Conqueror 
 fell in love with her, and had a foil 
 by her, called William Peverell. 
 
 (3? EPSOM, ( Surry ) 15 cm. 
 1 6 mm. from London, long famous 
 for its mineral waters, is a charming 
 place, open to Banfted-Downs, with 
 many handfome feats of the gentry, 
 as well as the merchants and citizens 
 of London. Its purging waters tinc- 
 tured with allum, which come from 
 a fpring near Aflited, were difco- 
 vered in 1618, and. though not in 
 fuch repute as formerly, yet they are 
 not impaired in virtue ; and the fait 
 made of them is famous all over 
 Europe , for gently cleanfing the 
 body, and cooling and purifying the 
 blood. On the neighbouring downs 
 are annually horce- races ; but the 
 wells and bowling-greens are not near 
 fo much frequented as formerly. The 
 Mt. here is on F. and Fairs in Eafter- 
 week, July 24, and Sept. 29 } of 
 which Mt. and Fairs, Mr. John Li- 
 vinfton, apothecary, who obtained 
 them, was proprietor. The T. is 
 about I m and a half, in a femi- 
 circle, from the Ch. to the Ld. 
 Guilford's palace at Durdans. In 
 Hudfon's-Lane here was Epfom- 
 Court, that ancient Saxon feat, long 
 fince converted into a farm. Here 
 are fo many fields, meadows, orch- 
 ards, gardens, and the like, that a 
 ftranger would be at a lofs to know 
 whether this was a T. in a wood, or 
 a wood in a T. 
 
 (f EPWORTH, (Line.} the 
 belt Town in the Ifle of Axbolm,
 
 E R 
 
 TO 
 
 E S 
 
 136 cm. from London, had for- 
 merly a mon. of Carthufians. The 
 manor bel. to the Earl Granville. 
 "Pis a long ftraggling place, with a 
 Mt. on S. and a ch. fc. and is the 
 birth-place of the two Methodift 
 preachers, MefT. John and Charles 
 Weftley, whofe father was redtor of 
 this p. John Maw, Efq; has a feat 
 here. 
 
 ERDINGTON, (Wariv.) near the 
 Tame, bet. Birmingham and Button- 
 Colefield, bel. to Sir Walter Earl, of 
 Cherborrow in Dorfet, who fold it 
 to Sir Walter Devereux, as he did to 
 Sir Tho. Holt of Afton. 
 
 ERITH, (Hunt.) bet. Holtwell- 
 Fen and Somer/ham, on the Oufe, 
 in the p. of Blunt/ham, is a pretty 
 large place, with a or 3 good inns, 
 and a caufey leading from St. Ives 
 into the Ifle of Ely. 
 
 ESCRICK-HALL, (York. E. R.) 
 on the Oufe, to the S. E. of York, 
 the feat of Sir Thomas Knivet, who 
 made the fearch under the Pt.-houfe 
 in the R. of K. James I. and dif- 
 covered Guy Faux ready to fet fire to 
 the barrels of gun -powder. It has 
 ever fince given title of Baron to a 
 branch of the Howards. 
 
 ESHELDWORTH, (Nortbum.) not 
 far from Morpeth, was, in the R. 
 of Edward HI. the manor of David 
 Strathbolgy Earl of Athol. 
 
 ESHER, (Surry) near Walton upon 
 Thames and Hampton -Court, of 
 which it has a fine profpeft, as well 
 as of other parts of Middlefex. It 
 Hands on the bank of the r. Mole, 
 where Will. Wainfleet B P . of Win- 
 chefter erefted a houfe, which Card. 
 Wolfey ufed to refide in during the 
 building of Hampton-Court. Upon 
 his death, the manor came to the 
 crown j but was afterwards the pof- 
 feflion of Mr. Rich. Drake, a kinf- 
 man of Sir Francis Drake, who lived 
 in it, and made a prefent to the 
 fteeple, of a bell which he brought 
 from St. Domingo. During the ci- 
 vil wars it was in the hands of Capt. 
 Colborn, who kept the Fleece tavern 
 
 in Cornhill, London ; but was pur- 
 chafed by John Latton, fon of Tho. 
 Latton, Elq; of Berks, who, in the 
 Rs. of K. William and Q._Anne, was 
 equery, avener, &c, and held other 
 court preferments. The gate to the 
 aforefaid building remaining , wa3 
 turned into a dwelling-houfe, and 
 purchafed by the D. of Newcastle's 
 brother, the Right Hon. Henry Pel- 
 ham, now chancellor of the exche- 
 quer, who has beautified and aug- 
 mented the old part, and laid the 
 grounds about it in a moft elegant 
 tafte, and fpared no coft to make it 
 one of the fineft feats near London ; 
 but 'tis fo low that it is not feen, 
 till you come very near it ; and 
 the mole running from Efher-Park, 
 near the back of the houfe, renders 
 it very damp, which takes off much 
 from the pleafure of the place. 
 
 ESHER-WATERVII.E, (Surry) is 
 a manor in Efher p. which was vetted 
 by Pt. on the D. of Newcaftle and 
 his heirs, in 1718, in confideration 
 of certain rent-charges to be iffuing 
 out of the fame, to the ufe of the 
 corp. of Kingfton upon Thames, and 
 in truft for the poor of the T. At 
 Sandy-Chapel, i -4th m. from hence, 
 in the road to Kingfton, was formerly 
 an hof. for lazars. 
 
 (^ESINGWOULD, (York. N.R.) 
 on the N. E. fide of Borroughbridge, 
 156 cm. 186 mm. from London, has 
 a Mt. on F. 
 
 ESLINGTON, (Nortbuwb.) on the 
 W. fide of Alnewick, formerly the 
 feat of the Collingwoods, men of re- 
 nown in the wars with France and 
 Scotland, and now of Ld. Ravenf- 
 worth. 
 
 ESSENDEN, (Rut!.) on the b. of 
 Lincolnfhire, N. of Stamford, gave 
 title of Baron, in the R. of K. 
 James I. to Robert Cecil, who was 
 fecretary of ftate in the R. of Q^ 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 ESTLEY, (Devon.) near Biddi- 
 
 ford, bel. to the Wilmers, till the 
 
 R. of Hen. VII. then to the Berrys, 
 
 an ancient family in this Co. One 
 
 of
 
 E S 
 
 TO 
 
 E V 
 
 of the Wilmers ordered this remark- 
 able infcription on his monument : 
 
 Hie jacet bumatus, Johannes Wilmer 
 
 nominatus, 
 Filius ibic, pater hie, avus tic, pro- 
 
 avus jacet iftic. 
 i. c* 
 " The great belfire, the grandfire, 
 
 " fire and fon, 
 " Lie here interred under this grave- 
 
 " ftone." 
 
 Es T ON-NES T ON, ( Nortbamp. ) 
 by Towcefter, was purchafed, in the 
 R. of Hen. VIII. by Rich. Farmer, 
 who had been bred a merchant of 
 the ftaple at Calais ; but being a 
 zealous papift, and incurring a prae- 
 munire, his eftate was feized, yet 
 reftored to him in the next R. His 
 grandfon George entertained K. Ja. I. 
 and his Cohere, the firft time they 
 met in England. William Ld. Lernp- 
 fter, father to the Earl of Pomfret, 
 pulled down the old family feat here, 
 and caufed a new one to be erected 
 by Inigo Jones. 'Tis a regular fair 
 ftrudture of free-ftone, fetched from 
 Helmdon ; and 'tis thought that no 
 feat in Europe has a more magnifi- 
 cent collection of Greek, Roman, 
 and Egyptian ftatues of white mar- 
 ble, it being the moft ornamental 
 part of the marmora Arondeliana. 
 
 ESTWOOD, (Nott.) on the Er- 
 wafh , near Greyfley-Caftle , was 
 heretofore the manor of the Peverels, 
 then of the Grays of Codnover, 
 from whom it defcended to the 
 Zouches, and from them, by the 
 Willoughbys and Stanhopes, came to 
 the Plumtree's family. 
 
 ETALL-CASTLE, (Nortbumb.) 
 on the r. Till in Glendale, near Ford- 
 Caftle, was heretofore the Lp. of the 
 Manours, or Manners, anceftors to 
 the D. of Rutland ; but, in the R. 
 of Edw. VI. it appears to have bel. 
 to the Collingwoods of Brankerton, 
 and is now the feat of Will. Carr. 
 
 ETON, (Sufix) a little above 
 Stening, has the tide flowing up to 
 it by the r. Adur every iz hours, 
 and a fprijjg-tide at every new and 
 full moon, which fometimes over- 
 flows the banks. The r. is navi- 
 gable to it for barges, which carry 
 timber, &c. to Shoreham, for build- 
 ing fhips, &ff. 
 
 ETWALL-HALL, (Derbyjb.) on 
 the S. W. fide of Derby, has an hof. 
 endowed by Sir John Port, a ch. fc. 
 and is the feat of Mr. Cotton. 
 
 EVEDON, (Line.) to the N. E. of 
 Sleaford, on a r. that runs to the 
 Witham, was the manor of Sir Rob. 
 Chaplin, a South-Sea direftor, and 
 fold to Mr. Wilfon for 13,050 /. 
 
 EVENDY-FARM, (Midd.) bet. 
 the ftreams of the Coin, on the N. 
 fide of Stanes, bel. to the D. and C. 
 of Weftminfter. 
 
 EVER ING, (Kent) bet. Elham 
 and Dover, has fometimes a flream 
 of water in it, that, from no vi- 
 fible head or fpring, will carry a vef- 
 fel of good burden, which whenever 
 it happens, the people think to be a 
 prefage of death or dearth. 
 
 EVERINGHAM, ( York. E. R. ) 
 
 bet. Pocklington and Wighton, the 
 Lp. of an ancient family, who took 
 their name from it, and by their te- 
 nure, were obliged to perform the 
 office of butler to the Abp. of York, 
 at his houfe, on the day of his in- 
 thronization. Sir Marmaduke Con- 
 ftable, Bt. has a feat here. 
 
 EVERLEY-WA RREN, (Wilts) the 
 conntry feat of the Saxon K. Ina, 
 bet. Ambrefbury and Savernake-Fo- 
 reft, is, or at leaft was, famous for 
 a great breed of horfes ; and there 
 are z villages here called E. Everley 
 and W. Everley, at the laft of which 
 the late Ld. Paget had a hunting -feat. 
 
 U^EVERSHOT, (Dorfct) io6cm. 
 123 mm. from London, ftands on 
 the b. of Somerfetfhire, has a Mt. 
 on T. and Fairs on May-day and 
 July 1 6. Here the r. Frome rifes, 
 which runs to Purbeck-Bay. 
 
 EVER-
 
 E V 
 
 E V 
 
 EVERSLEY, (Kent) in the p. of % EVESHAM, or EVESHOLM, 
 
 Charing, bel. to Brian de Everfley, {Wore,} commonly called Efam, is 
 
 an eminent perfon in the Rs. of K. 77 cm. 95 mm. from London, has a 
 
 Hen. III. and Edw. I. After having flone-bridge over the Avon, and a 
 
 patted thro' ^the families, of Peiferer, harbour for barges. 'Tis an old Bor. 
 
 St. Leger, and Aucher, it was not reckon'dthe 2d in the Co. and had for- 
 
 long ago the eftate of Sir George merly an abbey with a mitred abbot. 
 
 Sonds. It was governed by a bailiff, till K. 
 
 EVERSLEY, (Hamp.) at the en- James I. at the retjueft of his fon 
 
 trance of the Co. in the road from Prince Henry, gave it a charter for 
 
 London to Bafingftoke. In the Ch. a mayor, 7 aid. 12 capital burgefTes, 
 
 here lies buried Mr. Alexander Rofs, a recorder and chamberlain, who are 
 
 on whofe tomb-ftone we find this moft allot'theC.C. with.Z4 other burgefles 
 
 remarkable epit&ph : called afliftants. Four of the aid. 
 and the mayor for the time being, 
 
 Hofpes, Jifle gradum, cinerefque bos are juftices of the peace, and of oyer 
 
 adfpice, difces and terminer, and of gaol delivery, 
 
 Quid fum, quid fueram ; quidque for all offences in the corp. except 
 
 futurus era ; high-treafon ; and the corp. has 
 
 * Ros fueram ; nunc fum pulvis ; max power to try and execute felons 
 
 umbra futurus within the Bor. Here are 2 pariih 
 
 Ros abiit ; pulvis fpargitur ; urn- Chs. but the bells of both have been 
 
 bra fugit. 
 
 removed to a tower built here by 
 
 Quid tute es, difce bine ; quid cutifia one of the abbots. Its chief mf. is 
 butnana; quid? audi ; woollen-ftockings. At the bridge- 
 
 Sutit quod ego ; pul-vis, ros, cinis, foot, in the p. of Bengworth, which 
 umbra, nibil, is included in its jurifdi&ion, was a 
 
 /'. e. caftle, which, in 1157, was demo- 
 
 " Stop, ftranger, view this duft, and lifted. Here are corn-mills, a gram- 
 " you will fee mar fc. and a ch. fc. the latter 
 
 " What I now am, what have been, maintained by 1000 /. lesacy left by 
 " what Jball be. one of its members, the late Mr. Dea- 
 
 " I have been Dew *, am duft, mail cle, woollen-draper in London. This 
 " be a Jhade ; T. is noted for the great victory ob- 
 
 " The Dew is gone, dujl fcatter'd, tained by Prince Edward, afterwards 
 " the Jhade fled : K. Edw. I. over Simon Montfort, 
 
 *' What tbyfelf art, hence learn, the great Earl of Leicefter, who was 
 " what all flings are ; killed in the battle j and was ho- 
 
 *' What are all things in human na- noured with giving title of Baron to 
 " ture, hear; t,he Ld. Chan. Somers. There is an 
 
 " That they are all what I now am j open profpeft from hence of that 
 " be taught fpacious valley called the Vale of 
 
 They're dujl, are de<w, are a/hes, Efam, which fo abounds with the beft 
 " Jhadvw, nought" of corn, as well as pafture for fliee.p, 
 
 that it is reckoned the granary of all 
 
 EVERTON, (Nctt.) near the r. thefe parts, and runs all along the 
 Idle, to the E. of Bautre, bel. for banks of the Avon, from Tewkf- 
 moft part, to the corp. of Newark, bury to Per/hore, and to Stratford 
 who demifed the principal houfe and in Warwickshire, and the r. is fo far 
 lands here not many years ago, to navigable. Its Mts. are M. and F. 
 one Mr. Rogers. and its Fairs on Feb. 2, M. afte t 
 
 * Ros, in Englijb, fignife* Dew. 
 
 Low-
 
 E U 
 
 TO 
 
 E X 
 
 "Lota -Sunday, Wbitfon-Mondayy and 
 Sept. 10. 
 
 HUSTON-HALL, (Suff.) nearLit- 
 tle-Oufe, not far from Thetford, is 
 a pleafant feat of the D. of Grafton, 
 who is E. of Eufton, as well as of 
 Arlington. The manor came to the 
 late D. by his marriage with the 
 daughter of the E. of Arlington. 
 
 EWEL, (Kent) near Feverfliam, 
 %vas a principal manfion of the Kts. 
 Templars, to which much land was 
 united, both here and in Romney- 
 Marfh ; and, on their fuppreflicn, it 
 was given to the Kts. of St. John of 
 Jerusalem ; but the revenues being 
 united to the crown after the Ref. 
 it was granted by K. Edw. VI. to 
 Will. Cavendifli, Efq; who conveyed 
 it toChrift. Sackvile ; from whom it 
 patted, through the hands of Daniel, 
 Mab, and Wifeman, to Mr. Angel of 
 London. 
 
 (f EWEL, (Surry) nearEpfom, 
 12 cm. I4mm. from London, bel. to 
 the late Rev. Mr. Lumley Lloyd of 
 Cheam. Here is a moft plentiful 
 fpring, the head of a chryftal ftream, 
 that runs over Epfom-Court mea- 
 dows ; and it is an exceeding proper 
 place for a cold bath. The Mt. here 
 
 in. 
 
 EWELME, vulgo NEWELME, 
 (Oxf.) on the S. fide of Britwell, was 
 fo called from its elm-trees. It for- 
 merly bel. to the De la Poles, Ds. of 
 Suffolk j one of whom built a feat 
 here, with a neat Ch. and a hof. but 
 the eftate being confifcated by one of 
 his fucceflbrs, in the R. of Hen. VII. 
 for high-treafon, K. Hen. VIII. ad- 
 ded feme adjacent manors to it, and 
 made an honour of them. In the 
 year 1720, an urn was difcovered on 
 the common here, near the old Ro- 
 man way, called Ikenild-Street, that 
 had copper-coins, fome as ancient as 
 the arrival of Julius Caefar in Eng- 
 land. 
 
 EWHURST, (Surry) near Okeley 
 and the b. of Suflex, has its name 
 from the abundance of yew-trees 
 there formerly. It bel. lately to 
 
 Edw. Bray, of Shere, Efqj. Here 
 is a ch. fc. 
 
 EX-ISLAND, (Devon.) near Ex- 
 eter ; where is a rich manor that K. 
 Edw. VI. gave the citizens, for their 
 flout defence, when attacked by the 
 Cornifli rebels. 
 
 Ex ALL, (War.) to the S.E. of 
 Aukefter ; whofe royalty is enjoyed 
 by the Ld. of the manor of Overfley. 
 EXALL, (Warw.} a member of 
 Coventry, from which it lies N. E. 
 was held formerly by the Botelers of 
 Warrington, till the R. of Hen.VIII. 
 when one of them fold it to Julius 
 Nethermill, aid. of Coventry ; whofe 
 grandfon fold it to Sir John Garre' >, 
 aid. of London. 
 
 Jc EXETER, (Devon.) 138 cm. 
 172 mm. from London, has a long 
 bridge over the Ex, with houfes on 
 both fides. 'Tis the Ifca of Ptolomy 
 and Antoninus. 'Tis the fee of a Bp. 
 transferred hither from Crediton, by 
 Edw. the Conf. and one of the prin- 
 cipal cities in the Km. for its build, 
 ings, wealth, and number of its inh. 
 It is, with the fuburbs, 2 m. in com. 
 and has 6 gates, befides turrets. It 
 had formerly fo many convents, that 
 it was called Monckton, till K, 
 Athelftan changed its name to Exeter. 
 Befides chapels and 5 large meeting- 
 houfes, there are now i6Chs. within 
 the walls, and 4 without. St. Peter's, 
 the cathedral, is a magnificent curious 
 fabric, which, though near 500 years 
 a building, looks as uniform, as if it 
 had but one architect. It has a ring 
 of 10 bslls, reckoned the largeft in 
 England j as is alfo its organ, whofe 
 largeft pipes are 15 inches diameter ; 
 and it is common to fee hundreds of 
 people there, at the morning fervice 
 at 6 o'clock fummer and winter. 
 This city has had divers charters 
 granted, or confirmed, by moft of our 
 Ks. but it was made a mayor T. in the 
 R. of K. John, and a Co. of it felf by 
 K. Hen. VIII. 'Tis governed by a 
 mayor, 24 aid. 4 bailiffs, a recorder, 
 chamberlain, flieriff, town-clerk, &c. 
 They have a fword-bearer, and 4 ftew- 
 ards,
 
 E X 
 
 E X 
 
 ards, 4. ferjeants at mace wearing 
 gowns, and ftaff-bearers in liveries 
 with badges. The magiftrates and 
 freemen, who chufe its members of 
 Pt. are at leaft 1200. It had anci- 
 ently a mint ; and in the R. of K. 
 Will. III. many pieces of filver money 
 were coined here, which have the let- 
 ter E under the K's. buft. Here are 
 
 1 a or 13 incorporate city companies. 
 All pleas and civil caufes are tried by 
 the mayor, recorder, aid. and CC. 
 but criminal caufes, crown caufes, and 
 thofe relating to the peace, are deter- 
 mined by 8 aid. who are juftices of the 
 peace. Here are 4 principal ftreets, 
 one whereof is a grand one,calledHigh- 
 Street, all centring in the middle of 
 the city, which is therefore called Car- 
 fox,from the old Norman worA,S^uatre 
 voix, i. e. the 4 ways. Here is a great 
 conduit erected by Will. Duke, mayor 
 of the city in the R. of Edw. IV. and 
 there are feveral others well fupplied 
 with water, brought in pipes from the 
 neighbourhood. There is an old caf- 
 tle in the N. part of the city, called 
 Rougemont, from the red foil it ftands 
 in ; where there is a pleafant profpecl, 
 from a beautiful terrafs walk with a 
 double row of fine elms, of the chan- 
 nel 10 m. to the S. 'Tis fuppofed to 
 have been built by the Weft-Saxon Ks. 
 and that they refided here, as did af- 
 terwards the Es. and Ds. of Cornwal, 
 to whom it has bel. ever fince. 'Tis 
 now much decayed ; only a part of it 
 is kept up for the afiizes, quarter- 
 fefiions and county courts, with a 
 chapel. In the city and fuburbs are 
 prifons, both for debtors and male- 
 factors, feveral bookfellers-fliops,hofs. 
 
 2 printing-houfes, a workhoufe, alm- 
 fhos. and ch. fcs. and in 1741 a hof. 
 was founded here, for the fick and 
 lame poor of the city and Co. upon 
 the model of the infirmaries of Lon- 
 don and Weftminfter. VerTels of 1 50 
 tons come up to the kay. It has Mts. 
 on JF. and F. and Fair's on Alb-Wed. 
 Wlit-M. Holy-Th. July 22, Aug. i. 
 Dec. 6 and 21. but Lammas Fair is 
 the greateft, being much frequented 
 
 by mercers, linen-drapers, haber- 
 dafhers, &c, from London ; and it 
 lafts 3 whole days, and 2 half days. 
 As great a trade as here is for ferges, 
 perpetuanas, long-ells, druggets, ker- 
 feys, and other woollen goods made 
 in this city and Co. in which it is 
 computed, that at leaft 600,000 /. a 
 year is traded for here, yet no Mts. 
 were erected here for wool yarn and 
 kerfeys, till the 3oth of Hen. VIII. 
 Before that time, the merchants drove 
 a confiderable trade to Spain and 
 France ; and the latter were incorpo- 
 rated, in the R. of Q^Mary I. by the 
 name of " The governor, confuls, and 
 " fociety of merchant-adventurers 
 " trading to France." Here is a 
 weekly ferge Mt. laid to be the greateft 
 in England, next to the Brigg Mt. at 
 Leeds in York/hire ; and that fome 
 weeks, as many ferges have been fold 
 here as amount to 60 or 80,000 /. 
 nay 1 00,000 /. for, befides the vaft 
 quantities of their woollen goods ufu- 
 ally /hipped for Portugal, Spain and 
 Italy, the Dutch give large commifii- 
 ons for buying up ferges, perpetuanas, 
 &c. for Holland and Germany. 'Tis 
 particularly remarked of this city, 
 that it is almoft as full of gentry as 
 of tradefmen ; and that more of its 
 mayors and bailiffs have defcended 
 from or given rife to good families, 
 than in any other city of its bignefs 
 in the Km. for the great trade and 
 flouri/hing fiate of this city tempted 
 gentlemen to fettle their fons here, 
 contrary to the practice of many of 
 the inland as well as northern Cos. 
 where, according to the vain and 
 ruinous notion of the Normans, trade 
 was defpifed by the gentry, as fit only 
 for mechanicks and the vulgar. 
 
 This city was under the jurifdic- 
 tion of the Romans, whofe coins have 
 been dug up in and about it. After 
 they left England, the Saxons drove 
 the Britons out of it into Cornwall, 
 and encompafled it with a ditch and a 
 ftone-waH (which ftill remains en- 
 tire) befides bulwarks. The Danes 
 attacked and fpoiled it in 875 ; and 
 R after-
 
 E X 
 
 E X 
 
 afterwards, in revenge of the general 
 mafiacre of the Dines by the Englifh, 
 Swain, one of their Ks. came hither 
 xvith a great navy, put the men to the 
 fword, ravifhed the vromen, mafla- 
 cred the children, burnt the city, and 
 demolished the walls. A long time 
 after this, juft as it was reviving, 
 Will, the Conq. befieged and took it ; 
 and it was again befieged, in the Rs. 
 of K. Steph.~ and Edw. IV. In the 
 R. of Hen. VII. it was again befieeed 
 by PerkinWarbeck, and battered fu- 
 rioufly ; but the citizens forced him 
 to raife the fiege, which fo pleafed the 
 K. that he came hither, and pre- 
 fented a cap of maintenance to the 
 city, and gave the very fword from 
 his fide to be borne always before the 
 mayor. In the R. of Edw. VI. in 
 July 1544, it was fmartly cannonaded 
 by the rebels of Cornwall and Devon, 
 who almoft ftarved it by breaking 
 down its bridges, cutting off its water, 
 and ftoppins; up all psfTages ; but it 
 held out manfully, till the Ld. John 
 Raflel came with a force, and railed 
 the fiege on the 6th of Aug. which 
 was then appointed as an anniverfary 
 day of thankfgiving by the city, and 
 i: (till obferved here as fuch ; when a 
 fermon is preached on the occafion by 
 the mayor's chaplain. K. Cha. Fs, 
 Queen, to whom this city gave fhelter 
 in the civil wars, was here delivered of 
 Henrietta, afterwards Dfs. of Orleans } 
 whofe pidure is in its Guild-Hall, as 
 is alfo general Monk's. Here was a 
 gurrifcn for K. Cha. I. which was 
 forced at laft to furrender to Ld. Fair- 
 fax upon articles, whereby the Pfs. 
 was left entirely to the K's. difpofal. 
 In fhort, Exeter, by a conftant ad- 
 herence to its motto, Semper fiddis, 
 has been applauded by all hiftorians, 
 for its inviolable fidelity to its fove- 
 reigns, whether they held their crown 
 by hereditary or parliamentary right. 
 It formerly gave title of D. to the 
 families of Beaufort and Holland ; 
 which was afterwards leiTened to that 
 of Marquis, by K. Hen. VIII. in the 
 perfon of Hen. Courtney j and then 
 
 it decreafed to that of E. in the perfon 
 of Ld. Treaf. Burleigh, fo created 
 by K. Jam. I. and in the noble fa- 
 mily of the Cecils it frill continues. 
 This city had the honour of giving 
 birth to Sir Tho. Bodley, the founder 
 of that illuftrious library at Oxford ; 
 and to the late Ld. Chan. King. The 
 lift of members returned for this city 
 to Pt. begins at the Z3d of Edw. I. 
 
 EXMISTER, (Devon.) on the r. 
 Ex, 3 m. from Exeter, towards the 
 coaft, lies fo low, that it is much 
 fubject to agues. 
 
 EXMOR E, where rifes the r. Ex, is 
 a filthy barren ground, near the Se- 
 vern, part in Devonshire, but more of 
 it in Someriet. Here are fotne very 
 high hills ; and on the top of one of" 
 the higheft is a plain, near I m. in 
 diameter, full of little fprings. In 
 this Moor are feveral monuments of 
 antiquity, -viz. ftones in triangles and 
 in circles j and of late years feveral 
 urns, with Roman coins in them, and 
 fome Greek, have been found in dig. 
 ging the burrows. 
 
 EXMOUTH, (Devon.) anciently 
 called Exanmouth, ftands at the in- 
 flux of the Ex into the fea ; where are 
 only the hutts of fifheimen, who have 
 a chapel for their eafe, in the p. of 
 Littleham 5 and though, as Hol- 
 lingfhed fays, it once had acaftle, yet 
 it has now no other defence than a 
 barred haven. 
 
 Ex TON, or Ox TON, (A r 5.)near 
 Sherwood-Foreft ; in which the inh. 
 in the R. of Edw. III. agreed to pay 
 55. a year, for a licence to common 
 with all manner of cattle, their claim 
 to it being fet afide, becaule they had 
 no lands within its bounds. Here are 
 2 prebends, the fee of the Abp. of 
 York. The greateft part of the ma- 
 nor bel. lately to the Saviles and Ci- 
 cilys. 
 
 EXTON, (Rut!.} 3 m. from Oke- 
 ham, came, by marriage, to David K. 
 of Scots ; who thereby alfo became, 
 in right of his wife (daughter and 
 heirefs of Judith,thenie<Je of Will, the 
 Conq.) E. of Huntington. It after- 
 wards
 
 E X 
 
 TO FA 
 
 wards went, by the female iflue, to 
 the noble family of the Bruces $ from 
 them to the Greens ; from them to 
 the Culpepers ; and from them to the 
 Harringtons, who held it near 600 
 years in a direct line, till it was fold, 
 in the I5th century, to Sir Baptift 
 Hicks, in truft, to pay the debts of 
 the two laft Lds. Harrington. It was 
 afterwards Vifc. Camden's ; and it is 
 now the manor and feat of the E. of 
 Gainfborough, whofe anceftor mar- 
 ried the heirefs of Sir Baptift Hicks. 
 Baptift Noel Vifc. Camderr lies in its~ 
 Ch. where a monument was creeled 
 for him in 1684, by his jd fon John 
 Noel, at the expence of 1000 /. 'Tis 
 22 foot high and 14 broad, and was 
 executed by that famous carver Mr. 
 Grimlin Gibbons. 
 
 sf: EYE, (Suff.} 74011. 92 mm. 
 from London, may be called an ifland, 
 becaufe it is furrounded by a brook, 
 near the b. of Norfolk, in the road 
 bet. Ipfwich and Norwich. 'Twas in- 
 corporated by K. John, has 2 bailiffs, 
 10 principal burgefles, 24 CC. a re- 
 corder and town-clerk. 'Tis a mean- 
 built place, with dirty flreets. The 
 chief mf. is bone-lace and fpinning. 
 Here is a large handfome Ch. and 
 near it the ruinous walls of an ancient 
 caftle and mon. This Lp. has been 
 feveral times fettled, in jointure, upon 
 the Qs. of England, and now gives 
 title of Baron to Ld. Cornwallis. 
 Here is a ch. fc. The Mt. is S. the 
 Fair Whit- Monday, It has only fent 
 members to Pt. fince the R. of Edw. 
 IV. and that by the intereft of the 
 Ld. Cornwallis's anceftors. Leland 
 feems to intimate, that it was anci- 
 ently fo moift a place, efpecially in 
 winter, that it was little better than 
 a ftanding fen, when he tells us, 
 that barges came up to it from Cro- 
 mer, or the creek near it ; the 
 monks here having formerly, in 
 cleanfmg their ditches, found large 
 rudders pitched all over, together 
 with large nails, and other naval in- 
 ftruments. 
 
 F A 
 
 F AIRFIELD, (Kent) near Apple - 
 dore, bel. by gift of Hen. VIII. 
 to the D. andC. of Chiift-Ch. Can- 
 terbury. 
 
 FAIRFIELP, (Som.) on the W, 
 fide of the Parret, near Stoke-Gur- 
 fey and Bridgewater, bel. formerly to 
 a branch of the Verneys ; but came, 
 by marriage, to the Sufiex family of 
 Palmer, in which it has continued 
 near 2 centuries. 
 
 83=- FAIR FORD, ( G/cf.) 2om. 
 from Glocefter, 62 cm. 78 mm. from 
 London, has its name from its old 
 ford over the Coin (a little above its 
 influx into the Thames) on which it 
 has now 2 fair bridges. The p. is lorn, 
 in com. and diftingui/hed by theBor. 
 Eaft. End and Mill-Town-End. Me- 
 dals and urns are often dug up j and 
 there are feveral burrows in it, fup 
 pofed to have been raifed over men 
 that were (lain in battle. The ma- 
 nor was purchafed of Henry VII. 
 by John Tame, a merchant of Lon- 
 don ; who, having made prize of a 
 ihip bound for Rome, wherein was a 
 great quantity of fine painted glafs, he 
 brought both the glafs and workmen 
 to England, and built the Ch. here 
 for the fake of the glafs, which he 
 placed in it. The manor was fold, 
 by the co-heirefies of the laft heir 
 male of his family, to Sir Hen. Um- 
 ton and John Crake, who conveyed 
 it to the Tracys ; of whom it was 
 purchafed by And. Barker, Efq; in 
 whofe posterity it did lately, if it does 
 not ftill, remain. There are 28 large 
 windows in its fpacious and beautiful 
 Ch. curioufly painted with fcripture- 
 hiftory, defigned by Albert Durel, an 
 Italian ; and the colours are fo lively, 
 efpecially in the drapery, and feme of 
 the figures are fo well drawn, that 
 Sir Anth. Vandyke affirmed the pen- 
 cil could not exceed them. Here is 
 a Mt. on Ti>. which Mr. And. Bar. 
 R % ktr
 
 F A 
 
 leer obtained a grant of, in 1672, as 
 well as of three Fairs, on May 3, 
 July 28, and Nov. i. 
 
 ST. FAITH'S, (Norf.) near Ta- 
 verham, lies in the road from Nor- 
 wich thro' Alefliam to Cromer, and 
 bel. to the Norborns. Here is a 
 good Fair Off. 6, for lean beafls, 
 which are brought in great droves 
 cut cf the N. of England and Scot- 
 land, and bought up by the Norfolk 
 grafiers, infomuch, that it has been 
 faid 40,000 of thofe runts are fed 
 every year in this Co. and moft of 
 them in the marfhes bet. Norwich, 
 Beccles and Yarmouth, where they 
 fatten, by the rich pafture, till win- 
 ter, when they are removed to drier 
 fandy land, where they conflantly 
 have large crops of turneps ; and 
 their dung is fo good manure for 
 corn, that, fince the grafiers have 
 made ufe of it for their lands, thofe 
 which were lett under 5 s. an acre 
 have rifen to 20 s. 
 
 J^FAKENHAM, (Norf.) i8cm. 
 from Norwich, 88 cm. no mm. 
 from London, was part of the join- 
 ture of K. Henry Ill's Q._ Eleanor, 
 as alfo of K. Edward II's Q. Ifabel. 
 K. Henry VIII. fettled it on Trinity 
 Coll. Cambridge. Here were an- 
 ciently falt-pits, tho' 6 m. from the 
 fea. On a neighbouring hill is kept 
 the fheriff's term and court for the 
 whole Co. Here is a Mt. on T. and 
 a cattle Mt. on Tb, and Fairs on 
 Slft>-W. and Nov. 1 1. Several coins 
 of K. Hen. VI. and VII. were found 
 here in 1741. 
 
 FALKESLEY.BRIDGE, (Staff.) 
 under which the Tame runs from 
 Drayton-Baflet, as did over it the old 
 Roman way, called Watling-Street, 
 which pafled weftward ftraight thro' 
 the Co. to Shropshire. 
 
 (J3" FA LMO u TH, (Comma!) 
 220 cm. 282 mm. from London, 
 where the r. Fale runs into the Eng- 
 lifh Channel, is by much the richeft 
 and moft trading T. of the Co. and 
 
 fend members to 
 
 301 i 
 Pt. ' 
 
 'Tis fo com- 
 
 F A 
 
 modious a harbour, that /nips of the 
 greateft burden come up to its kay. 
 'Tis guarded by the caftles of St. 
 Mawes and Pendennis, on a high 
 rock at the entrance, built by 
 Hen. VIII. and there is fuch flicker 
 in the many creeks bel. to it, that 
 the whole royal navy may ride fafe 
 here in any wind, it being next to 
 Milford-Haven, the beft road for 
 fliipping in Great-Britain. 'Tis well- 
 built, and its trade is mightily in- 
 creafed, fince the eftablifhment of the 
 packet-boats here for Spain and Por- 
 tugal, and the W. Indies, which not 
 only bring over vaft quantities of 
 gold in fpecie and in bars, on ac- 
 count of the merchants in London ; 
 but the Falmouth merchants trade 
 with the Portuguefe in fhips of their 
 own } and they have a great fliare 
 alfo in the gainful pilchard trade. 
 The cuftom-houfe for moft of the 
 Cornifh Ts. as well as the head col- 
 lector, is fettled here, where the du- 
 ties, including thofe of the other ports, 
 are very conliderable. 'Tis a corp. 
 governed by a mayor and aid. and 
 gives title of Vifc. to the family of 
 Bofcawen, as it did in the R. of 
 Cha. II. to his natural fon, the late 
 D. of Northumberland. Here is a 
 Mt. on Tb. and Fairs July 27, and 
 Off. 30. 
 
 83> FAR HAM, (Hamp.) 52 cm. 
 65 mm. from London, is a pleafant 
 T. with a Mt. on 5. and Fair on 
 June 29, and gave title of Countefs 
 to K. Cha. II's miftrefs, the Duchefs 
 of Portfmouth. 
 
 g^> FAR JNGDON, (Berki) 56 cm. 
 65 mm. from London, ftands not far 
 from the Thames, on a hill, where 
 Rob. Earl of Glocefter built a caftle, 
 which K. Stephen took and demo- 
 lUhed, and on the fite thereof 
 founded a priory. Here is a large 
 handfome Ch. a Mt. on Tu. and 
 Fairs on Feb. 2, Wbitfon-Tuefday, 
 Augufl 24, and Oft. 18. 'Tis go- 
 verned by a bailiff", ff. 
 
 FARLEY, (Hamp.) not far from 
 Bafjngftoke, is ufually called Farley-
 
 F A 
 
 Wallop, becaufe, till 1662, when 
 the manfion-houfe was burnt, it had 
 long been the feat of the Wallops, 
 anceftors of the prefent Earl of Portf- 
 jnouth. 
 
 FARLEY, (Wilts) on the N. E. 
 fide of Clarendon-Park, bel. anciently 
 to the Bohuns, one of whom founded 
 a priory here, from whence it was 
 called Monkton. Farley. From them 
 the manor pafied to the Hungerfords, 
 till they forfeited it by high-treafon. 
 The Ch. here was built by the late 
 Sir Stephen Fox, who alfo founded 
 an hof. here for 6 old men and 6 old 
 women, over whom he placed a ma- 
 iler to teach a fr. fc. and officiate in 
 the Ch. . 
 
 FARLEY-PARK, (&>#z.) another 
 of the manors forfeited by the Hun- 
 gerfords, ftands near Philips-Norton, 
 on the Frome-Water. Not many 
 years ago here was dug up a Roman 
 pavement of chequer-work. It had 
 a caftle, which ftood on a hill, long 
 fi nee demolished. This manor, which 
 now bel. to Jofeph Houlton, Efq; 
 lies 4 m. S. from Farley-Monkton 
 above-mentioned . 
 
 FARMINGTON, (GIoc.} oppofite 
 almoft to N. Leche, on the other 
 fide of the r. Leche, bel. anciently 
 to the priory of Eddington in Wilts ; 
 but, at the DifT. was granted to Sir 
 Michael Aflifield , whofe pofterity 
 fold it to Sir Rice Jones, whofe de- 
 fcendant, Sir Henry's daughter, car- 
 ried it by marriage to the Earl of 
 Scarborough. The p. is 7 m. in 
 com. in which a fmall brook rifes 
 that runs into the Windruih ; and 
 there's a large Roman camp in it, 
 called Norbury, with a barrow not far 
 from it to the W. 
 
 FARN-!SLAND, (Nortbumb.') z m. 
 off of Bamburgh-Caftle, is about 
 i m. in com. has a fort and a light- 
 houfe ; and near it, on the N. fide, 
 are feveral leffer iflands. 
 
 FARNBOROUGH, (Httmp.) 5m. 
 from Bag/hot, in the road to Win- 
 chefter, where the late Earl of An- 
 glefey bad a hunting-feat. 
 
 FARNBOROUGH, (WarivC) near 
 Edgehill, formerly bel. to the Mor- 
 timers of Hereford/hire, and after- 
 wards to the Raleighs, in whofe fa- 
 mily it continued till 1640, if not 
 longer. 
 
 FARNDON, (Nortbamp.) i m. S. 
 of Market-Harborough, where, on a 
 hill, are 2 trenches, the remains of 
 a fort erefted here againit the Danes, 
 who often made incurfions this way, 
 from Leicefterfhire and Northumber- 
 land. 
 
 FARNHAM, (E/ex] on the r. 
 Stort, to the N. 'W. of Bi&op's- 
 Stortford, bel. formerly to the Bo- 
 huns, Earls of Hereford and ElTex, 
 afterwards to the noble family of the 
 Staffbrds, fince to the Barringtons ; 
 and was not long ago the feat of 
 Will. Glafcock, Efq;. 
 
 (f* FARNHAM, (Surry) 32 cm. 
 40 mm. from London, in the Win- 
 chefter road, is a large populous T. 
 on the Wey, fuppofed to have its 
 name from the fern which abounded 
 here, and is the capital of the 
 H. of its own name. It was gi- 
 ven, by the Weft- Saxon K. Ethel- 
 bald, to the See of Winchefter, 
 whofe Bps. have generally refidcd 
 in the caftle here, in the fummer- 
 time, ever fince the R. of K. Ste- 
 phen, whofe brother its then Bp. 
 firit built it. It was a magnificent 
 ftrufture, with deep moats, ftrong 
 walls, and towers at proper diftances, 
 and a fine park ; but 'tis much de- 
 cayed. The T. which has many 
 handfome houfes, and well-paved 
 ftreets, is governed by 12 mafters or 
 burgefies, of whom two are bailiff's, 
 (chofen annually) who ad under the 
 Bp. of Winchefter, have the profit 
 of the Fairs and Mts. and the afiize 
 of bread and beer, and hold a court 
 every 3 weeks, which has power of 
 trying and determining all actions 
 under 40 s. From Michaelmas to 
 Chrijlmas here is a good Mt. for 
 oats ; and one of the greateft wheat 
 Mts. in England, efpecially bet. All- 
 Saints-day and Midfunmter t when 
 R 3 250
 
 F A 
 
 F A 
 
 250 load, one day with another, nay, Furnivals held formerly, by this fer- 
 fometimes 400 load has been ibid in vice, vits. to fit the K's. right-hand . 
 a day. The Hampfhire white wheat, with a glove on the coronation- day, 
 which is fold here, is counted beft and to fupport his left-arm while he 
 for meal, but Suflex for weight and held the fceptre. It defcended from 
 fpending. The toll-dilh here was them, by a daughter of the Nevilr, 
 once reckoned worth 200 /. a year ; to the Talbots Earls of Shrew/bury, 
 but it is much diminiflied, fmce the who continued to'hold the honourable 
 people about Chichefter and South- office, tho' they parted with the ma- 
 ampton began to fend their meal to nor to the crown. 
 London by fea. But this lofs is amply FARNLZY, (York. W. R.) on the 
 made up by the vaft growth of hops S. W. fide of Leeds, bel. formerly 
 here, of which there are 300 or to Sir John Danvile ; by the marriage 
 400 acres plantations about this T. of whofe daughter it parted to Will, 
 as fruitful as any where, and they Nevil of Hornby-caftle. From the 
 are faid to out-do the Kentifh hop- Nevils it came to the Langtons, and 
 yards, both in quantity and quality, by them to the Danbys ; tho' in the 
 On the other hand, it is is obferved, R. of Hen. V. it was the feat of Sir 
 that this nurfery has quite fupplanted William Harrington. The hall here 
 the clothing trade, and thrown num- was built by Sir Tho. Danby. 
 bers of poor upon the p. who ufed FARWELL, (Staff'.') ontheN.W. 
 to be employed in fpinning, weaving, fide of Litchfield, had formerly a 
 combing, &f. The Ch. here was for- nunnery, fince the feat of the Bag- 
 jnerly but a chapel of cafe to Waver- nals. 
 
 ley-Abbey. This T. fent members FAUSLEY, (Nortbamf.) near Da- 
 to Pt. in the R. of Edward II. but ventry, has been long the feat of the 
 never fince. The magiftrates have Knightleys. 'Tis fuppofed to have 
 their privileges from the Bp. of Win- been once the chief place of the H. 
 chefter, to whom they pay an ac- becaufe it takes name from it. 
 Jcnowledgment of 12 d. a year. Dr. FAWBURN, (EJfex) i m. from 
 Fuller fays, the Mt.-houfe here was Witham, the manor of Edw. Bul- 
 i>uilt by one Mr. Clark, at his own lock, Efq$ whofe feat here is fup- 
 harge, and that the workmen, in pofed to have been formerly a villa 
 building of it, were fo interrupted or country-houfe of feme noble Ro- 
 by numbers of fpetlators, feme ap- man j the rather becaufe a filver coin 
 proving, others condemning the mo- of Domitian was not long ago dif- 
 3el, that he caufed this diftich to be covered by the Ld. of the manor's 
 put upon that part of it which was fervants, under the foundation of an 
 then erefted. viz. old wall , built partly of Roman 
 
 brick. 
 
 *' You who do like me, give money FAXFLEET, (York. E. R.) on the 
 
 " enough to end me ; Humber, 10 m. W. from Hull, was, 
 
 *' You who diflike me, give as much in the R. of Edw. III. the Lp. of 
 
 " to mend me." Ralph Ld. Nevil of Raby, one of 
 
 the chief of the Lollards ; in the R. 
 
 The Mt. is tb. Fairs June 24, of Hen. VI. it bel. to Will, de la 
 Aug. 10, and }Jyv. i. Here are a Pole D. of Suffolk, and in that of 
 fr. fc. and ch. fc. and a great Mt. Edw. IV. to Henry Bromfiete, who 
 for Welfh hofe. Here was a gar- left it by will to be fold, for creeling 
 Tifon for Cha. I. which was dilpof- chantrie's and charities, 
 fefled by Sir Will. Waller. FAYERBOURN, ( York. W. R. ) 
 
 FARNHAM-ROYAL, (Bucks') i m. bet. Pontefraft and Sherbom, is noted 
 kelow Clifden. is a manor which the for quarries of alabafter, 
 
 FEC-
 
 F E 
 
 F E 
 
 FECKENHAM, (Wore.') on the W. fides this, he ordered that, in Lent, 
 fide of its foreft, bet. Aulcefter and every year fuch poor of this p. as re- 
 Bromfgrove, belonged, in the R. of ceived not collection fhould have 
 
 Hen. VI. to Humphrey D. of Glo- 6 barrels of white-herrings, bcfides 
 cefter. Its foreft has been very much fome cades of red. The fchool here 
 thinned by the wood confumed in has produced feveral eminent fcholars, 
 the falt-works. The late Earl of and is in a flourifhing ftatc. 
 Coventry had a feat here, called Fee- FEN-OTTER Y, (ZWc;;.) on the 
 kenham-Lodge. Here is a ch. fc. N. W. fide of Sidmouth, has name 
 founded, and endowed with 50 /. a from its low dirty fituation. The 
 year, by the late Sir Tho. Cooke. manor was a long time in the Four- 
 FZLDON, (Warto.) a champion neaux family, from whom it came to 
 country on the S. fide of the Avon, the Denhams. 
 of whofe fertile corn-fields, and ver- FENTON, (Devon.} near Plym- 
 dant paftures, there is a delightful tree, did bel. to the Gibbs's, and 
 profpecl: from Edgehill. There are was purchafed of their heirefles by 
 a few traces here of the old Roman judge Glanvile. The Saverys have 
 way, called the Fofle. long had a feat and eftate in this p. 
 
 FELIXTON, (Suff.) on the coaft FENTON, (Nott.) on the E. fide 
 bet. Landguard-Fort and Bawdfey- of Redford, gave name, as is fup- 
 Haven, has on its cliff the ruins of pofed, to an eminent family, who, 
 a caftle, at leaft the foundation of in the laft century, had an eftate here, 
 one fide of the wall, the reft having In later times the greateft part of 
 been devoured by the fea. The many this hamlet was the inheritance of 
 Roman bricks ftill to be feen, toge- Sir Francis Thornhaugh, defcended 
 ther with the Roman coins that have to him from his anceftors, and whofe 
 been difcovered here, are a ftrong feat was here, as it is now of his 
 proof, that it was once a Roman co- heirs. 
 
 Jony. FEN TON-G ALLEN, (Corntval) 
 
 FELLET, (Nott.) near Codnor- near a branch of Falmouth-Haven, 
 Caftle in Derbyshire, had formerly a formerly the Carminows manor, af- 
 priory, the houfe and fite of which, terwards the Holcombs. 
 with the lands bel. to it, were granted FENWICK-HALL, ( Nortbumb. ) 
 by K. Henry VIII. to Will. Bolles, bet. Kirkheadon and Newcaftle, the 
 and, reverting to the crown, were manor and feat of the ancient and 
 granted, by Philip and Mary, to Sir eminent family of the Fenwicks, 
 Anthony Strelley ; and coming again near the r. Pont, which from hence 
 to the crown, were conferred, by runs fome ms. parallel with the Pifts- 
 Tames I. upon Anth. Millington and Wall to Pont-Eland. 
 his heirs. FERN-DOWN, (Dorfetjh.} near 
 
 FKLSTED, (Effex) on the Chel- Winford-Eagle, in the road to Brid- 
 mer, not far from Dunmow. K. port, where not long ago were dug 
 Hen. VIII. granted it to Sir Richard up urns full of bones. 
 Rich, afterwards Ld. Rich, whofe FE R N H A M-ST.-G E NE VE T, 
 family fixing their refidence in the (5jf.) on the N. fide of St. Ed- 
 neighbourhood, are buried here. He mundfbury, where, in 1173, Rich, 
 founded a ch. fc. here, in the R. of Lacy, C. J. of England, in a pitched 
 Q._Eliz. for 80 children of this Co. battle with Robert Earl of Leicefter, 
 allowing a good falary to the mafter flew 10,000 Flemings, whom he had 
 and uftier ; and an almfh. for 6 poor invited over for the deftrudlion of his 
 people, with handfome weekly al- country. 
 
 lowances of malt, meat and money, FERSFIELD, (Norf.) bet. Difs 
 fewel, pafture for 6 cows, ?V, be and Buckenham, bsl. heretofore to 
 
 'tho
 
 F E 
 
 TO 
 
 F I 
 
 the Bois's, the Howards, the Veres 
 Earls of Oxford, the Wingfields, and 
 now to the D. of Norfolk. Here is 
 a printing-prefs. 
 
 FETCHAM, (Surty) near Leather- 
 head, and 3 m. from Epfom, bel. 
 formerly to the Vincentf, and by 
 them was fold to the Ld. Howard of 
 Effingham. 'Tis now the feat of 
 Mr. Revel, as it was lately of Arthur 
 Moore, Efq; commiflioner of trade. 
 
 FETHERSTON-HAUGH, (Nortb- 
 ttmb.) on the S. W. fide of Belting- 
 ham and Haltwefel, by South-Tyne, 
 v,-as anciently the eftate of the 
 Piercys Earls of Northumberland, 
 afterwards that of the Fetherftons. 
 
 ^> FEVERSHAM, (Kent) 44 cm. 
 48 mm. from London, a member of 
 the Cinque Port of Dover, was a 
 royal demefne A. D. 802, and called, 
 in Kenulf 's charter, the King's little 
 Town, though it is now a large one. 
 In 903, K. AthelfTan held a great 
 council here. K. Stephen eredted a 
 irately abbey, whofe abbots fat in 
 Pt. and he was buried in it, toge- 
 ther with Maud his Q^ and Euftace 
 iis fon ; but z mean gate-hcufes are 
 all that now remains of it. The T. 
 was firft incorporated by the name 
 of the Barons of Feveriham, after- 
 wards by the title of the mayor and 
 commonalty, and laftly by that of 
 the mayor, and jurats, and 'com- 
 monalty. 'Tis a populous flouriih- 
 3ng place, fituate, as it were, in the 
 very garden of Kent, with the con- 
 veniency of a creek from the Thames, 
 or that branch of it called the Swale, 
 which is navigable by hoys. It con- 
 Cfts chiefly of one long broad ftreet, 
 with a Mt.-houfe and a ch. fc. The 
 Mts. are on W. and S. Fairs Feb. 14, 
 and Aug. i, both for 10 days toge- 
 ther. The London Mts. are fupplied 
 from hence with abundance of apples 
 and cherries, and the beft oyfters for 
 ftewing, which are alfo fetched away 
 in fuch quantities by the Dutch, that 
 a prodigious number of men and 
 boats are employed here in the win- 
 ter, to dredge for them j and it is 
 
 faid they carry home as many as a- 
 mount to 2000 or 2500 /. a year. 
 The fifliermen will admit none to 
 take up their freedom but married 
 men. This T. ufed to be nototious 
 for running wine, brandy, tea, cof- 
 fee, pepper, &c. from France and 
 Holland, by the help of the Dutch 
 oyfter-boats, and for clandestinely ex- 
 porting wool. K. James II. was 
 flopped here, on board a fmack, as 
 he was efcaping for France, and de- 
 tained till the Prince of Orange fent 
 coaches and a guard to attend him 
 to London. Near this place, as 
 well as in other parts of the Co. 
 there are 4 pits, narrow at top but 
 wide at bottom, which whether dug 
 by the ancient Britons, for extracting 
 chalk to manure their grounds, as 
 Camden thinks, or whether dug by 
 the Saxons, after the manner of the 
 ancient Germans, to lay up their 
 corn in, to preferve it from the ex- 
 treme cold weather, or from any 
 furprize of their enemies, has not 
 yet been clearly determined. This 
 manor was in the crown after the 
 DiiT. till Cha. I. granted it to Sir 
 Dudley Diggs, by whofe fon it was 
 demifed to Sir Geo. Sandes, to whom 
 it gave title of Earl, in the R. of 
 Cha. II. and by remainder from him, 
 went to Lewis Duras, a Frenchman, 
 afterwards naturalized, who married 
 his eldeft daughter, and was K. 
 James II's general ; and it now gives 
 title of Baron to Anth. Dnncomb. 
 
 FIELD, (Staff.) on the r. Blythe, 
 near Gratwich, was, in 1695, the 
 manor of Sir John Bagot. Sir Har- 
 vey his defcendant had a witch-elm 
 felled in his ground here, in 1680, 
 fo big, that 2 able workmen were 
 5 days in cutting it down, for it was 
 40 yards in length, and, at the butt- 
 end, 17 in circumference ; it was 
 25 feet I -half in the middle, by 
 girth meafure ; 14 load of fire-wood, 
 as much as 6 oxen could draw, broke 
 off in the fall, and 47 as large loads 
 were afterwards cut off from the top. 
 Two faws were joined together, and 
 3
 
 F I 
 
 F 1 
 
 5 men put to each end, to faw the 
 body afunder. There were 80 pair 
 of nathes for wheels cut out of it 
 firft 5 and out of the remainder 
 8000 feet of fawn timber, in boards 
 and planks, at 6 fcore the hundred, 
 which came to 12 /. for the fawing 
 only. As thefe things might appear 
 incredible, they were drawn up in 
 wiiting, at the time when the tree 
 was felled, and attefted by Sir Har- 
 vey the owner, his ftcward, bailiff, 
 Purveyor, fawyers, &c. 
 
 Fi L LON G L E Y-NE w, (T^zrw.) on 
 the S. E. fide of Colefhill, formerly 
 bel. to the Haftings, and in 1640 to 
 John Nevil Ld. Abergaveny. One 
 of the Haftings obtained a Mt. here 
 on M. and a Fair at Midsummer, for 
 5 days, both long fince difufed. The 
 Haftings are fuppofed to have had 
 their feat here allb ; becaufe by the 
 Ch. are the ruins of 2 caftles. The 
 parks here were purchafed by Ro- 
 bert, anceftor of Sir Adolphus Ough- 
 ton, Bt. whofe family had their feat 
 here. 
 
 FlLLWOOD-FOREST, (Som.) On 
 
 the W. fide of Keynfiiam, was a 
 royal demefne, of which the con- 
 itablewick was given, by Henry VI. 
 to Hum. Stafford of Hooke, from 
 whom it came to the Staffords of 
 Southwick in Hants. 
 
 FINCHCOLTS, (Kent] in the p. 
 of Goudhurft, belonged, in the R. of 
 Henry III. to a family of the fame 
 name, who alienated it to Horden of 
 Horden, from whofe family it went 
 by marriage to the Bathuifts. 
 
 FINCHDALE, (Durham) on the 
 r. Were, bet. Durham and Lumley- 
 Caftle, had formerly an hermitage, 
 and afterwards a priory, which was 
 a cell to the mon. of Durham ; and 
 2 fynods are faid to have been held 
 here in 788 and 798. 
 
 FlNCHINGFIELD, (Effex) OH the 
 
 E. fide of Thaxted, ftands on the r. 
 Freftiwell or Pant. This manor was 
 held, in the R. of Edward III. by 
 John de Compes, by the fervice of 
 turning the fpit at his coronation, 
 
 The Kemps, who dwell a* 
 Hall in this p. are fuppofed to be 
 defcended from that ancient family. 
 Some of them founded an alrr.ih, 
 here, and a ch. fc. 
 
 FINCH LEY, (Midd.) bet. Hen- 
 don and Coneyhatch, is 7 m. N. of 
 London, and has a ch. fc. which was 
 creeled in 1714, for 15 boys, all 
 cloathed. 
 
 FINGERST, (Bucks) on theW. 
 fide of High-Wiccomb, bel. formerly 
 to the abbey of St. Alban's, und is 
 now a prebend of Wells. 
 
 FlNNINGLEY, (Nott.) OH the 
 
 S. E. fide of Doncafter, was anciently 
 in the Mowbrays family ; but the 
 Grange here, which had bel. to the 
 priory of Matterfey, was granted, by 
 Q^Eliz. to Sir Martin Frobiiher, the 
 famous navigator. Here is a ch. fc. 
 
 FINSHAM, or FYNHAM, (War.') 
 a member of Stonely, to whofe mon. 
 it bel. but, in the R. of Edw. VI. 
 to Cuthbert Joyner of Coventry, and 
 Tho. Kevet. 
 
 FlNSTOCK, orFlNSCOTT, 
 
 (Oxf.) not far from Banbury, was 
 the feat of the late Earl of Litch- 
 field, and is noted for the fineft fand 
 for the mf. of glafs. 
 
 on the S. fide of Sturmifter, a feat of 
 Mr. Pitt, fo called by the vulgar ; 
 being a corruption from the Fitzpain?, 
 its ancient owners. 
 
 FISHTOFT, (Line.) near Bofton, 
 at the mouth of the Witham ; where 
 Dr. Fuller fays, no mice nor rats will 
 harbor ; infomuch that in barns that 
 are built, half in this p. and half in 
 the next, the fide that ftands in Fifli- 
 toft fhall be free from them, while 
 they infeft the other; which, however 
 incredible, pafles with the vulgar for 
 a truth. 
 
 Fi s K E R T o N,(Nott.)on the Trent, 
 near Southwell, bel. anciently to the 
 mon. of Thurgarton ; whofe prior ob- 
 tained a Mt. and Fair here ; but the 
 Mt. if not the Fair, has been long 
 dilufed. Themanor-houfe and grange 
 was held under the convent, by a fa- 
 mily
 
 F I 
 
 TO 
 
 F L 
 
 wily of the fame name, for many 
 fucceflions. A fter the DiiT. the grange 
 was given, by Phil, and Mary, to Edw. 
 Fiennes Ld. Clinton and Say. All the 
 demefne and manor, with the tithes 
 and ferry here, were given, by Q._Eliz. 
 to Tho. Cooper, Efq; and his heirs ; 
 one of whom fold it to Huntington 
 Plumptree, M.D. in 1649; whofe 
 fon fold the ferry and feme farms to 
 John Cliffe of Nottingham, as Sir Ro- 
 ger Cooper, a defcendant of Thomas 
 aforefaid, did fome parcels to Mr. At- 
 kinfon and others. 
 
 FITZFORD, (Devon.) nearTavi- 
 ftock, was for a long time the manor 
 of the Fitz family. At the W. end 
 of it is a hof. faid to be founded by 
 the anceflors of the Tremaines. 
 
 FLADBURY, (Were.} am. on the 
 N. W. fide of Evefliam, in the way to 
 Worcefter, bel. to the fee of Wor- 
 cefter, was fold in the civil wars, by 
 order of Pt. to Rob. Henley and Edw. 
 Smith for io8i/. but afterwards re- 
 ftored to that fee. 
 
 FLAMBOROUGH, (York. E. R. ) 
 Hands on the promontory, which 
 forms Bridlington-Bay ; and has its 
 name, as fome think, from the word 
 Flame, becaufe of a watch-tower here 
 with lights for the failors. 
 
 FLAMBOROUGH, (Nott.) in the 
 ps. of Orftcn and Staunton, was, in 
 old writings, called Flamborough de 
 le Hcu, from the long refidence of a 
 family here of that name ; but was 
 fold by Harvey Staunton, Efq; to the 
 E. of Newcastle ; of whom, or his 
 trufiees, it was bought by Sir John 
 Cropley, whole fon afterwards in- 
 clofed it. 
 
 FLAMSTED, (Hartf.) am. from 
 Market-Street, and 5 frcm St. Al- 
 bans and Dunftable, ftands on the r. 
 Verlam, and was of old called Ver- 
 lamftede. Edw. I. granted it a char- 
 ter for a Mt. on Ti\ and a Fair on St. 
 Leonard's and 5 days after; but they 
 are both long fince difufcd. The ma 
 nor bel. formerly to the Beauchamps 
 "Es. of Warwick, then to the Nevils 
 s. of Salifbury, and then was fet- 
 
 tled on K. Ken. VII. whofe fon, Hen. 
 VIII. gave it to the Ferrars ; whofe 
 female heir, marrying the Ld. Vile. 
 Fanfliaw, fold it to ferjeant Pecke ; 
 whofe defcendant, William, had it in 
 1720. The land hereabouts is a clay 
 mixed with flints, fo thick fpread, 
 that, after a mower, nothing appears 
 but a heap of ftones ; and yet it bears 
 very good corn, even in dry fummers ; 
 which fertility is imputed to a warmth 
 in the flint, which preferves it from 
 cold in the winter, and to its clofe- 
 nefs, which keeps it from the fcorch- 
 ing rays of the fun in fummer. In 
 this p. was formerly a nunnery, called 
 St. Giles in the Wood ; which, at 
 the Difl". K. Hen. VIII. granted to 
 Sir Rich. Page, in whofe time Edw. 
 VI. was brought hither for his health ; 
 and tho' the convent is demolifhed, 
 yet, it is faid, the bedftead he lay on, 
 which is curioufly wrought, is ftill 
 preferved in the manor-houfe juft by. 
 This manor pafled from Sir Richard, 
 by his daughter, to the Skipwiths of 
 Lincolnshire, who fold it to Mr. Saun- 
 ders of Puttenham ; whofe defcen- 
 dant Tho. Saunders, Efq; a member 
 of Lincoln's-Inn fociety, made the 
 manor-houfe a fine feat; which, by 
 his only daughter, came to Sir Edw. 
 Seabright, the father of the prefent 
 Ld. of it, Sir Tho.-Saunders Sea- 
 bright, Bt. This is that called 
 Beech-wood manor ; which fee in its 
 place. Flamfted-Hill is near Red- 
 bourn. 
 
 FLANCHFORD, (Surry) in the p. 
 of Reygate, bel. formerly to theBlud- 
 ders family ; and was alfo the feat of 
 Sir Cyril Wych, who had a park here, 
 well flocked with deer, wherein are 
 4. ponds in a train, that drive a mill. 
 
 FLAWFORD, (Nott.) whofe Ch. 
 has a chapel ; where was formerly a 
 chantry, which is now only a burial- 
 place to Ruddington, there being a 
 large chapel in the T. to which the" 
 people refort for divine fervice, rather 
 than to the Ch. which, though a 
 handfome ftruflure, was lately, if it 
 be not ftill, much neglected . 
 
 FLAXLEY,
 
 F L 
 
 TO 
 
 F O 
 
 FLAXLEY, (Gloc.) in the foreft fide of Caftle-Rifing, v.'as alfo called 
 of Dean, had formerly an abbey ; the Felixham, or the village of Felix, 
 manor of which, after the Dill", was and St. Mary de Fontibus, becaufe of 
 granted to Sir Will. Kingfton ; from its fituat:on rear fprings 5 it had a 
 whofe family it pafied, about 1608, to nunnery a cell to Walfingham ; the 
 Abr. Clerke, Efq; and then to his lands and fite of which, after the Dill", 
 near relation Mr. Bovey. There was became the eftate of Sir Tho. Hollis, 
 a forge for iron in the foreft, which but were purchafed by the Duke 
 bel. to this abbey. of Norfolk, and, on his attainder, 
 
 FLEET, (Line.) in the Fens, near came to the crown. K. Jam. I. gave 
 Gedney ; where in an earthen pot them to Tho. Howard E. of Suffolk ; 
 were found, not very long ago, 3 pecks of whom they were bought by Ld. 
 of Roman copper coins, about the Ch. Juf. Coke. In the fields here is 
 time of Galienus. a plain, encompafied with a fhallow 
 
 FLTGG, (Norf.) apeninfula, near ditch, called Flitcham-burgh j where 
 Ac!e, containing 13 villages, whofe the freeholders of this, and other Hs. 
 names terminate in by. ufed to meet to determine controver- 
 
 FLEKENHOE, (Warvv.} in the p. fies among the inh. and to chufe the 
 of Wolphamcote, bel. formerly to the governor of this H. and it is ftill a 
 Lds. Ferrers of Groby ; from whofe cuftom for the inh. of thisH. tocome, 
 family it went, by marriage, to Sir and pay fuit and fervice to the Ld. of 
 Simon Archer of Tamworth. it every year. 
 
 FLETCHAMSTED, (War,") z m. FLIXTON, (York. E. R.) to the 
 from Coventry, now divided into Up- N. W. of Hunamby ; where a hof.* 
 per and Lower, was firft an hermitage, was built, in the time of Athelftan, to 
 then bel. to the Kts. Templars ; flicker travellers from wolves, by 
 and then to the Kts. Hofpitallers ; which this country was then very 
 after whofe DilT. their eftate here was much infefted. 
 
 granted to John Beaumont, Efq; and FI.ODDON, (Nortbnmb.} on the r. 
 his heirs, by the name of a manor ; Till, betwixt the Glen and Tweed ; 
 the lands thereunto bel. being faid to noted for hills, near which the fa- 
 be in Upper-Fletchamfted. In the R. mous viftory was gained, Sept, 9, 
 of Edw. VI. he alienated it to Will. 1513, by the Engli/h, &c. over the 
 Humbefton, and his heirs; of whom Scots, that invaded the Km. in the 
 it was purchafed by Sir Tho. Leigh, abfence of Hen. VIII. at Tournay, 
 whofe fon made a park here, and under their K. Jam. IV. who was 
 built a fine houfe, which was enjoyed killed in the battle, 
 by his grandfoh in 1640. Lower- FLOWFARE, (Nott.} in the p. of 
 Fletchamfted, was, in the R. of Hen. Barneby in the Willows, bel. anci- 
 VII. the eftate of Sir John Catefby ; ently to the Kts. Templars ; then to 
 of whofe fon and heir it was purchaied thoie of Jerufalem ; and was the in- 
 by John Smith of Coventry, whofe heritance, not very long ago, of Will, 
 descendant, Sir John Smith of Cra- Cartwright, Efq;.' 
 bet, was Ld. of it in 1640. FLUSHI:- G, (C-rt;.} in Falmouth- 
 
 FLINTHAM, (Nott.) 4111. from Harbour, bel. to Mr. Trefufis; and is 
 Bingham, bel. for moft part to the the p^nce from whence the packet - 
 Hulieys, from the R. of Edw. I. to boats ftart for Spain and Portugal, 
 Cha. i. when, for want of male heirs, and the Weft-Indies, 
 it paffed to the Drapers, and after- FOKESHILT., (War.'] am. from 
 wards to the Butlers. The demefnes Coventry, formerly bel. to the priory 
 were purchafed of the former by there ; but lately, if not Mil', to the 
 Rich. Hacker, who married the heir- family of Hopkinf. Here aie both 
 efs of the Hufieys. water and wind-mills. 
 
 FLITCHAM, (Norf.) on the E. ff*p
 
 F O 
 
 F O 
 
 J04mm. from London, bel. formerly 
 to the Beaumonts, then to Thomas 
 D. of Norfolk ; who having forfeited 
 it, K. Edw. VI. gave it, in exchange 
 fur other manors, to the Ld. Clinton. 
 It ftands on a rifing hill in a very 
 pleafant air, with abundance of good 
 wholfome fprings about it j but has 
 no great trade, and but a little Mt. 
 which is on Th. and the Fairs on 
 djb-W. May-day, and Nov. u. 
 
 3=" FotKESTONZ, (Kent} bet. 
 Dover and Hythe, a member of the 
 Cinque-Port of Dover, 60 cm. 69mm. 
 from London, appears to have been a 
 very ancient place, from the Roman 
 coins and Britilh brick often found in 
 it. Here was formerly a nunnery ; 
 but fo near the coaft, that it was often 
 pillaged by the Danes, and at laft 
 Avallowed up by the fea ; when the 
 manor came to the crown, and was 
 by K. Canute fettled on Chrift-Ch.- 
 abbey in Canterbury. Soon after the 
 conqueror came, a priory was erected 
 here, and the manor fettled on it, by 
 confent of the Abp. and convent of 
 Chrift-Ch. After the DifT. Hen. 
 VIII. granted it to Edward Ld. Clin- 
 ton, who fold it to Thomas Ld. Crom- 
 well j on whofe attainder it reverted 
 to the crown, and was regranted to 
 Ld. Clinton ; by whom it was con- 
 veyed to Mr. Herdfon, whofe defcen- 
 dant gave it to his nephew, Sir Bafil 
 Dixwell. Here is a ch. fc. for zo 
 boys, to be nominated by the mayor 
 and jurats, who, with the commo- 
 nalty conftitute the corp. A copious 
 fprirg runs through the T. but it is 
 of chief note for the multitude of 
 fifhing-boats that bel. to its harbour, 
 which are employed at the feafon in 
 cstching mackerel for London ; to 
 which they are carried by the macke- 
 rel-boats of London and Baric ing. 
 About Micbc.dir.as, the Folkfconc- 
 barks, with others from Suflex, go 
 away to the Suffolk and Norfolk- 
 coafts, to catch herrings for the mer- 
 chants of Yarmouth and LeortofT". 
 There is a ridge of chalky rocks, all 
 the way from hence to Dover j and 
 4 
 
 it has been obferved of fome of them, 
 that they have vifibly funk and grown 
 lower, within the memory of man. 
 This place gives title of Vifc. to Bou- 
 verie Ld. Longford. There are yet 
 vifible fome ruins of a fort in the S. 
 part of the T. built, near 700 years 
 ago, by one of the governors of Do- 
 ver-Caftle ; and upon a hill in this T. 
 yet called Caftle-Hill, was a watch- 
 tower. The Mt. here was 7b. by 
 grants of K. John and Edw. III. tho' 
 Sir John Clinton obtained of Rich. II. 
 that it fhculd be on W. and a Fair on 
 Sf. Gila and its eve. Dr. Harvey, 
 who is called the father of phyficians, 
 for having difcovered the circula- 
 tion of the blood, was born at this 
 place. 
 
 FORD, (Dc-von.) not far from 
 Chard in Souierfet, had an abbey near 
 the r. Axe j at the DifT. of which, 
 K. Hen. VIII. gave this manor to the 
 E. of Oxford, and the fcite of the ab- 
 bey to SirRich. Pollard; whole fon, 
 Sir John, fold it to Sir Amias Pawlet, 
 and he to Will. Rowfwell father to 
 Sir Henry. Here Ere the feats of 
 Mr. Gwynn and Mr. Courteney. 
 
 FORD-CASTLE, (Nc ft burnt.) a 
 member of the Lp. of Woller, beL 
 formerly to the Herons ; one of whom 
 obtained a licenfe from K. Hen. III. 
 to make a caftle of his houfe here, as 
 alfo a weekly Mt. and an annual Fair j 
 but the former has been long difufed, 
 if not the latter. The Carrs were 
 lately, it they are not now, the Lds. 
 of this caftle. 
 
 FOR n-HALL^JParw.) in the pre- 
 cinct of Afpley, bel. in the R. of 
 Edw. I. to a family of the fame name, 
 and from thence had the name. In 
 that of Rich. II. it paffed, by the 
 name of a manor, from Nich. Pryl!e 
 of Ludlow to Hen. Bonnebury, and his 
 heirs ; and from thtm, in the R. of 
 Hen. VIII. to John Fulwocd, in mar- 
 riage with the daughter of Nich. 
 Heath j whofe grandfon, John, leaving 
 none but daughters, thisLp. upon the 
 partition, went, by marriage of one of 
 them, to 4ngel Gray of Kingfton in 
 Dorlet/hire. 
 
 FORDHAM,
 
 F O 
 
 F O 
 
 FORDHAM, (Ctfwi.)on the N.W. 
 fide of Newmarket, had formerly a 
 mon. now a ch. fc. and was the feat 
 of the late Admiral Wager. 
 
 g^- FORDINGBRIDGE, (Hamp.) 
 73 cm. 85 mm. from London, ftands 
 on the Avon, has a Mt. on S. and 
 Fair Aug. 28. It was once much 
 larger than now, it having often fuf- 
 fered by fire. 
 
 FORDINGTON, (Dorfctjh.) near 
 Dorchefter, is the Prince of Wales's 
 manor, as part of the duchy of Corn- 
 wal. Here is a Ch. with a hand- 
 fome tower. The people rofe in 
 arms not very long ago, and pre- 
 vented the farmers from levelling a 
 great barrow. By an aft of Pt. in 
 1746, obtained by that publick- 
 fpirited Lady Mrs. Lora Pitt, a cau- 
 fey is made over the moor here, to 
 the E. end of Dorchefter, which, 
 together with a bridge over the 
 Froome, /he agreed to maintain at 
 her own expence for 3 years. 
 
 FORDWICH, (Kent) on the N. E. 
 fide of Canterbury, called in Doomf- 
 day-Book the little Borough of Ford- 
 wich, is a member of the port of 
 Sandwich, and was anciently incor- 
 porated by the ftile of the Barons of 
 the T. of Fordwich, but more lately 
 by the name of the mayor, jurats 
 and commonalty, who enjoy the 
 lame privileges as the cinque-ports. 
 The mayor ufed heretofore to be 
 ciiofe on the M. after St. Aiuirnv" i- 
 <lay. The manor was given, by Edw. 
 the Conf. to the monks of St. Auftin's 
 Canterbury ; but being vefted in the 
 crown by the Did. of the mons. it 
 theiein remained, till Edward VI. 
 granted it to Sir Tho. Cheyney, who 
 fold it to John Johnfon, and he to 
 one Paramour, who conveyed it to 
 the Lady Eliz. Finch, whole fon, 
 Thomas Earl of Winchelfea, fold it 
 to his coufin, John Finch, afterwards 
 Ld. C. J. of the Common-Picas, the 
 fume who was created Ld. Finch of 
 Fordu-ich, but died without iflue ; 
 however, it has now greater honour, 
 by Diving title of Vifc, to Earl Cow - 
 
 per. This place is famous for excel- 
 lent trouts in its r. Stour. 
 
 FORELAMD-NORTK, (Kent) in 
 
 the Ifle of Thanet, of which 'tis the 
 N. E. point, is the promontory by 
 aft of Pt. afcertained to be the moil 
 fouthern part of the port of London, 
 which is thereby extended N. in a 
 right line to the point called the 
 Nafe, on the coaft of Efiex, and 
 forms that properly called the Mouth 
 of the Thames. A fea-mark was 
 lately creeled here by the Trinity- 
 Houfe corp. at the publick expence, 
 which is a round brick-tower, near 
 80 feet high. The fea gains fo much 
 upon the land here, by the winds 
 at S. W. that within the memory of 
 fome that are living, above 30 acres 
 of land have been loft in one place. 
 All veflels that pafs on the S. fide 
 of this head-land are faid to enter 
 the Channel, which is the name for 
 the narrow fea bet. England and 
 France j and all the Ts. or harbours 
 bet. London and this place, whether 
 on the Kentifli or Eflex fliore, are 
 called members of the port of Lon- 
 don. 
 
 FORELAND-SOUTH, ( Kent ) a 
 head of land forming the E. point of 
 the Kentifli fliore, and called South, 
 in refpedl to its bearing from the 
 other Foreland, which is about 6m. 
 to the N. Its fituation is of great 
 fecurity to the Downs, the road bet. 
 both, which would be a very wild 
 and dangerous road for (hips, did not 
 this point break the fea off, which 
 would otherwife come rolling up from 
 the W. to the Flats, or bank of 
 fands, which, for 3 leagues together, 
 and at about a league or league and 
 half from the fliore, run parallel with 
 it, and are dry at low water j fo that 
 thefe two capes breaking all the force 
 of the fea on the E. S. and S. W. 
 make the Downs accounted a good 
 road, except when the wind blows 
 exceflive hard from S. E. E. by N. 
 or E.N.E. when fhips in the downs arc 
 drove from their anchors, and often 
 lun alhoie, or are forced on the fands, 
 S or
 
 F O 
 
 F O 
 
 or into Sandwich bay, or Ramfgate 
 pier. 
 
 FORMS Y, (Lane.) on the fea, near 
 Altmouth, among marfliy grounds, 
 where they dig excellent turf, that 
 ferves the people both for fire and 
 candle. Thefe grounds extend N. 
 beyond Ecclefton, and almoft as far 
 as 'Prefton. 
 
 FOR NH A M- At L-SA IN T s, (Sz/jf.) 
 near St. Edmondfbury, to whofe ab- 
 bot it formerly bel. is the feat of 
 Samuel Kent, Efqj. 
 
 FORVBERY, (Ccrmv.) near Bot- 
 reaux-Caftle, is, fays Mr. Norden, 
 a mayor T. of only 2 or 3 houfes, 
 tho' it appears, by the ruins, to have 
 been of more importance before the 
 fall of Tintagill and Botreaux proved 
 the overthrow of this and many o- 
 thers on the coaft. 
 
 Fes HAW, (Warm.) anciently a 
 member of Solihull, and the eftate 
 of the Odingfells, from whom it 
 went by marriage to Sir Tho. Bur- 
 Aet, and from his family, by the 
 Jike means, to that of Edward Con- 
 way, whofe fon, Sir John, held it 
 in the R. of Hen. VIII. In Rich. 
 Burdet's time here was a park and 
 warren, which was deemed a chace. 
 
 Foss, (the Roman Military-Way) 
 begins at Totnefs, and paffes thro' 
 Exeter, Ilchefter, Shipton-Mallet, 
 Bath, Cirencefter, Leicelier, the Vale 
 of Belvoir, Newark, Lincoln, to 
 Barton upon the Humber, being frill 
 vifible in feveral parts, though of 
 1400 years ftanding. It had the 
 name from the foffes or ditches made 
 by the fides of it. 
 
 Foss -DiKE, (Lir.c.) parts Lind- 
 fey and Kefteven, is 7 m. in length, 
 and was cut by Henry I. bet. the 
 Witham and the Trent, for the con- 
 ren : er:cy of carriage. 
 
 FOSTON, (Leic.} bet. the Soar 
 and a rivulet near Kiiby and Great- 
 Glen, bel. in the R. of Edw. III. to 
 Sir Will. Burton, one of his iadgcs, 
 in that of Henry IV. to Edw". Lati- 
 tr.er, and in that of K. James I. to 
 Sir Will. Taunt. 
 
 POTHERING HAY- CASTLE, 
 (Nortbamp,) in which Mary Q._ of 
 Scots was beheaded, is on the S. E. 
 fide of Kings-Cliff, near the r. Avon 
 or Nen. The caftle, which is very 
 ancient, was, in the R. of Hen. III. 
 poffefied by the Earls of Chefter, and 
 afterwards by the Earls of Winche- 
 fter ; but K. Edw. III. affigned it for 
 an nppennage to his fon, Edmund 
 Langley D. of York, who rebuilt it, 
 and made the keep of it in the form 
 of a horfe-fetter. His fon, Edward 
 D. of York, in the R. of Henry V. 
 founded and endowed a fine collegiate 
 Ch. here, in which he was interred. 
 K. Richard III. was born in this 
 caftle. 
 
 %* FOULSHAM, (Norf.} gocm. 
 102 mm. from London, has a Mt. 
 on Tu. The manor bel. in the R. 
 of Edw. III. to William Ld. Morley, 
 in whole family it continued many 
 generations 5 but, anno 158;, was 
 fold to Sir Thomas Hunt, citizen of 
 London, whofe family fold it to Sir 
 Jacob Afhley, Bt. 
 
 FOURNESS, (Lane.} in Loynf- 
 dale, a tract bet. the Kent, Leven and 
 Dudden-S?nds, where were formerly 
 numerous furnaces, as appears from 
 the rents and fervices paid for them. 
 Here are mountains called Fournefs- 
 Fellsv The mnnor was formeily the 
 feat of Sir Tho. Prefton, nnd lately 
 that of Mrs. Catherine Prefton, 
 daughter and heirefs of Tho. Prefton, 
 of Holker, Efq;. 'Tis much the 
 fineft in thefe parts, with a large 
 deer-park near it, and a conf-.derable 
 falmon-fifhery. Here are ftately ruins 
 of an old abbey, which now bel. to 
 Sir Tho. Lowther. This tracl runs 
 N. parallel with the W. fides of 
 Cumberland and Weftmoretnnd, and 
 on the S. it runs out into the fea 
 as a promontory, to which there is 
 no paffbge over the dangerous fands 
 abcve-menticned, without guides, 
 who are kept here for the purpofe, 
 at the expence of the Gt. 
 
 >|< FOWEY, orFoY, (Ccrr.ival) 
 192 cm. 240 mm. from London, has
 
 F O 
 
 F O 
 
 a commodious haven in the Channel, 
 is a populous place, extending above 
 1 m, on the E. fide of a r. of its own 
 name, has a fine large old Ch. and a 
 great /hare in the ft/hi ng- trade, efpe- 
 cially pilchards. It role fo much for- 
 merly by naval wars and pyracies,that, 
 in theR. cf Edw. III. its fhips, re- 
 filling to ftrike when required, as 
 they failed by Rye and Winchelfea, 
 were attacked by the /hips of thofe 
 ports, but defeated them j whereupon 
 they bore their arms, mixed with the 
 arms of thofe 2 Cinque-Forts, which 
 gave rife to the name of the Gallants 
 of Fowey. Mr. Carew fays 60 fail of 
 tall /hips once bel. to this harbour, of 
 which 47 were fent to the fiege of 
 Calais. And we learn from Carmkn, 
 that, this T. quartered a part of the 
 arms of every one of the Cinque- 
 Ports with their own, intimating, that 
 they had at times triumphed over 
 them all ; and indeed once they were 
 fo powerful, that they took feveral of 
 the French men of war. In the R. 
 of Edw. III. they refcued certain /hips 
 of Rye from difrrefs, for which this 
 T. was made a member of theCinque- 
 Ports. Edw. IV. favoured this T. 
 fo much, that when the French 
 threatened to come up the r. to burn 
 it, he caufed 2. towers, the ruins of 
 which are yet vifible, to be built at 
 the publick charge for its fecurity : 
 but he was afterwaids fo difgufied 
 with the inh. for falling upon the 
 French, after a truce procia : medwith 
 Lewis XI. that he took away all 
 their fhips and naval ftores, together 
 with a chjin drawn crofs the r. bet. 
 the 2 forts above-mentioned, which 
 was carried to Dartmouth. "Pis faid 
 they were fo in'bknt, that they cut 
 off the ears of the K's. purfuivants ; 
 for which fome lives were forfeited, 
 as well as eftates. The corp. confi/rs 
 of a mayor, recorder, 8 aid. a town- 
 clerk, and 2 afiiftants. The Tre- 
 fryes have long had a manfion here. 
 The Mt. is 6'. the Fairs Sbrwe-fv. 
 May-day and Sept. 16. Here are a 
 fine old Ch. a fr. fc. and a hof. the 
 
 latter endowed by Mr. Ra/hleigh. The 
 mapor bel. to a neighbouring priory, 
 till the Di(T. when it was annexed to 
 the duchy of Cornwall ; but the toll 
 of the Mt. and Fairs, and key^ge of 
 the harbour, were veiled in the corp. 
 on the payment of a fee-farm rent of 
 about 40 s. to the duchy. It does 
 not appear to have fent members to 
 Ft. before the I3th of Q^Eliz. Here 
 is a coinage tor the tin ; of which a 
 great quantity is dug in the country to 
 the N. and W. of it. The r. Fey, or 
 Foath, is very broad and deep here, 
 and was formerly navigable as hip.h as 
 Leftwithicl. ' 
 
 ^FOWI.NFSS, (Efix) an ifl-.nd ro 
 the E. of Wairleec', which was for- 
 merly fubjecl to frequent inundations, 
 till by the Dvitch art of draining, ir is 
 become good land. At low water it 
 may be come at on horfe-back. For- 
 merly here was only a chapel, and it 
 was inhabited by the piri/hioners of 
 Rochford, Sutton, &c . but about the 
 time of the Ref. it was made a paro- 
 chial Ch. 
 
 FOXHALL, (Surry) in the p. of 
 Larnbeth, on the S. W. fid .- of the 
 Abp. of Canterbury's pah cc, in the, 
 road to Batterfey and Claplum. This 
 is the place, where are thole called 
 Spring Gardens, laid out in fo grand 
 a tafte, thru they are frequented, in 
 the 3 fummer months, by moft of 
 the nobility and gentry, then in and 
 near London ; and are often honoured 
 with fome of the royal family, who 
 ate here entertained with the fwcet 
 fong of numbers of nightingales, in 
 concert with the beft band of rnuficlc 
 in England. Here are fine pavilions, 
 /hady groves, and moft delightful 
 walks, illuminated by above loco 
 lamps, fodifpofcd, that they all take 
 fire together, almo/ras quick as light- 
 ning, Kr.d dart fuch a futiden blaze, as 
 is perfectly furprizing. Here are, 
 among others, 2 curious ftatues of 
 Apollo the god, and Mr. Handel the 
 nuft'.T of inufick $ and in the centre 
 of the area, where the walks termi- 
 nate, is creeled the te0;ple for the 
 S a mufi.
 
 F R 
 
 F R 
 
 muiicians, which is encompafled all 
 round with handfome feats, decorated 
 with pleafant paintings, on fubjefts 
 inoft happily adapted to the feafon, 
 place, and company. Near the turn- 
 pike, where the road turns off from 
 this place to-Newington, are ftill to 
 be feen the remains of a baftion, and 
 of fome lines caft up by the Romans. 
 By the direction of thele lines, which 
 feem to have been thrown up from 
 Lambeth (to which the Roman mili- 
 tary way croffed the Thames from the 
 horfe-ferry) quite round through St. 
 Oeorge's- Fields, Kent-Street, &c, to 
 the Thames zt Deptfofd, it is hardly 
 to be doubted, that they were caft up 
 to prevent the incurfions of the Bri- 
 tons into Kent. 
 
 83 s FRAMLINGHAM, (Suff.) 74 
 cm. 86mm. from London, is a large 
 old T. with a caftle, fuppofed to have 
 been built by fome of the firft Ks. of 
 the Eaft-AngJes ; the walls,yet ftand- 
 ing, are 44 foot high, 8 thick, with 
 1 3 towers 14 foot above them, 2 of 
 which are watch-towers. To this 
 caftle the Pfs. afterwards Q^Mary I. 
 retired, when the lady Jane Grey was 
 her competitor for the crown. After 
 it had been in fundry families, the laft 
 of which were the Veres Es. of Ox- 
 ford, and the Howards Ds. of Nor- 
 folk, it was fold, together with the 
 Lp. to Sir Rob. Hitcham, who gave 
 them to Pembrcke-Hall, Cambridge. 
 The T. ftands pleafantly, though but 
 indifferently built, upon a clay hill, 
 in a fruitful foil and a healthy air, 
 near the fource of the r. Ore, by fome 
 called Winckel, which runs through 
 it to Orford. It has a fpacious place 
 for the Mt. on 5. and a large ftately 
 Ch. built all of black flint, with a 
 fteeple 100 foot high. Here are 2 
 good airrjnos. one founded by Sir 
 Rob. Hitcham, in 1654, who alfo 
 a fr. fc. here ; the other, 
 about 1704, by the truftees of Mr. 
 Mills, a baptift-minifter. Its Fairs 
 are Whit-Mon. Tu. and Wed. and 
 Sept. 29. 
 
 FKAMPTON, or FROMETON, 
 
 (Dcrfet.) lea cm. 1 17 mm. from 
 London, and fhnds en Frome r. 
 which abounds with excellent trouts. 
 Mr. Brown, Ld. of the manor, has a 
 fine feat here, built of Portland ftone, 
 and above 80 foot in front. Its Mt. 
 is Tb. and Fairs on St. Matthew's 
 and St. Gcorge's-days. 
 
 (Gloc.) bet. Berkley and Newnham, 
 is a p. 8 m. in com. bounded with 
 the Severn on the W. the Stroud on 
 the N. and Berkley river on the 
 S. This manor was long enjoyed 
 by the Cliffords, and had once both 
 Mts. and Fairs. At length it came, 
 by the heirefles, to Rob. Fitz-Pain ; 
 then to the Chediccks ; and then to 
 the Arundels, who fold it to Humph. 
 Hooke, aid. of Briftol j in whofe 
 pofterity it very lately remained. The 
 tide comes up in aftrait line, for4m. 
 in length weftward, with fuch rapi- 
 dity, that, on its reaching the foot 
 of 'a hill on the left fide of the foreft 
 of Dean, and turning round to the 
 N. it gathers into a head, that looks 
 like a high weir a-crofs the r. bearing 
 every thing before it, till it comes to 
 Newnham's N T ob, a natural bulwark ; 
 which turns the torrent fo to the E. 
 thatwhen itreachesthe N. ofFramp- 
 ton, the land bet. the 2 parts of the 
 r. is but I m. broad. The E. of 
 Berkley has lately fini/hed a great 
 bulwark near this place, called Hock- 
 Crib, which is to enforce the Severn 
 by Art's-Point into its former chan- 
 nel. Here is that called Frying-Pan 
 Fair on Feb. 3. 
 
 FRANCTON, ( Warvu. ) on the 
 Fofs, near Dunfmore-Heath, bel. an- 
 ciently in part to the Es. of Warwick, 
 and partly to the prior of Coventry. 
 The latter, after the Diff. was granted 
 by Q^Eliz. to Tho. Woodcock, Tho. 
 Thornton, and their heirs ; by whom 
 it was fold to John Temple, whofe 
 grandfon enioyed it in 1640. The 
 former came to a family of the fame 
 name, which held it till the R. of 
 Edw. I. when it came to Ralph Oke- 
 over, who fold it to John Palmer ; in 
 whofe
 
 F R 
 
 F R 
 
 \vhofe male line it continued till the 
 R. of Henry VI. when by marriage 
 it came to John Hereward. In the 
 R. of Hen. VIII. it be), to Richard 
 Duke, from whofe poflerity it came 
 to Thomas Leefon, and after him to 
 Edward York, whole fon gave it in 
 marri.if e with his daughter to John 
 Sh:;^bnith, 4;. 
 
 FREMJNGTON, (Devon.) on the 
 W. fide of Bamflapk-, gives name to 
 its H. and fent members to Pt. once 
 or t\vice in the R. of Edw. III. It 
 being in the crown,, K. Edward VI. 
 granted the fee-farni of it to Bernaid 
 Hnmpton, who alienated it to Hugh 
 Sloly of Sloly. 
 
 FRENDSBURY, ( Kent ) ncir 
 Ch.itliam. Its leafe was formeily in 
 the hands of Audlcy and Firtier, but 
 the fee-fimple was given to Thomas 
 Cromwell Earl of Eflex, who for- 
 feiting it to the crown by high trea- 
 fon, it was given to Sir Will. Drury, 
 whofc defendants fold it to the 
 Uark. 
 
 FRENSHAM, (Surry) 3m. S, of 
 F-unham, noted for a pond near 3 m. 
 in comp. well known, to the fiih- 
 nv.'-ngers of London for its excellent 
 tarp. This, with another ponO, in 
 the fame p. bel. to the Bp. of \Vin- 
 chtfler ; but both are, or lately were, 
 hi-U in leafe by Sir William Moor. 
 .Ke.ii thcfe is alfo Abbots-Pond, 
 which fcrnierly bel. to Waverlcy- 
 
 t.bfVj but was lately in the poiTcf- 
 fii.ii of Ld. Vifc, Montacute. 
 
 FRESDT.N, ( Hartf.) on the N. 
 de of Bcrkhamftt-d, \%as granted by 
 C^_Eliz. to Lsdy Cheyney, by whom 
 it was fold to Ralph Marfhal, who 
 conveyed it in the fame R. to Ran- 
 dolph Crew, Thomas Chamberlain, 
 and Mr. Cirtw right, \\ho in the R. 
 of James I, conveyed it to Thomas 
 Ld. Ellefmere and Sir John Egerton. 
 
 FRF.SLEY, (Warvu.) a member of 
 Polefworth, to the nuns of which 
 its mill formerly bel. as did 2 parts 
 of the village to the canons of Lil- 
 fluil in Shropshire, At the Rcf. 
 K, Hen. VIII. granted th manor to 
 
 James Lcvcfon, merchant of the 
 liaple, who fold it to John Beck. 
 
 FRIMLEY, (Surry) ontheS.W. 
 fide of Bag fliot, ^ear Elackwater, is 
 in the p. of Aihe, to which it has a 
 chapel of cafe. It was lately the 
 manor and feat of James Tichborn, 
 Etq; whole family-vault is in the 
 chapel, which was confecrated the 
 beginning of the lift century- 
 
 FR INGFORD, (Oxf,} on theN.W. 
 fide of Bicefter, \vas anciently part of 
 the barony of the Arlics, from whom 
 it went by marriage to the Grays of 
 Rotherfield, and afterwards it was 
 divided bet. the Lds. Level and 
 Cromwell. 
 
 FRITH, (Kent] in the p. of Be- 
 th:-rf(ien, w:'.s formerly held a good 
 while by the Mayneys, and pafled 
 from that family, by the Darrels and 
 Gibbons, to the Chowtes of Sur- 
 renden. 
 
 FRITH, or NEW-HALL, (MM.) 
 on the N. E. fide of Mill-Hill, bel. 
 once to the Therlcbyes, from whom 
 it was purchafed by Mr. Weekes. 
 
 FR 1 T HELSTOKE, (De-VOTl.} Op- 
 
 pofite to Torrington, had a priory, 
 the fite ond barton whereof, conta'n- 
 ing 1000 acres, were granted by K. 
 Hin. VIII. together with the manor, 
 to Arthur Plantagenet Vifc. Lille. 
 
 %$ FRODLINGHAM, (York. 
 E. K.) on the Hull r. 148 cm. 
 172 mm. from London, has a Mt. 
 on 77>. 
 
 . . . '4cm. 
 162 mm. from London, is noted for 
 its ancient caftie, that was the feat of 
 Earls Rivers for many ages. It has 
 a ftone-bridge over the r. Weaver, 
 near its conflux with the Merfey, 
 and a harbour for fhjps of good bur- 
 den, with a Mt. on W, and Fair 
 Aug. 10. 
 
 FROGMORE, (Brrlis) near Wind- 
 for, the feat of the late Duchefs 
 dowager of Northumberland, newly 
 purchafed by the Hon. Edward Wai- 
 pole, Efq; 
 
 g^> FROME-SELWOOD, (Sem*) 
 
 9 m, from Bath, 18 from Briliol, 
 
 S 3 85
 
 F R 
 
 F R 
 
 85 cm. 09 mm. from London. 'Tis 
 the chief T. of this part of the 
 country, which was anciently one 
 great foreft, called Selwood-fhire ; 
 and, no longer ago than the latter 
 end of the laft century, in thofe 
 called Frome- Woodlands, there was 
 a confiderable gang of money-coiners 
 or clippers, of whom many were 
 taken and executed, and their co- 
 vert laid open. Its Ch. and the 
 eftate bel. to it, was given by Hen. I. 
 to the priory of Cirencefter, and came 
 afterwards to the Thynnes of Long- 
 leaf, anceftors of the Ld. Vifc. Wey- 
 mouth. Tho' the T. is bigger than 
 fome cities, yet it has only one Ch. 
 a large handfome one indeed ; but 
 here are 6 or 7 meeting-houfes of 
 Proteftant Difienters, two of which, 
 viz. one of the Prefbyterians, and 
 one of the Baptifts, both built of 
 white free-ftone, are as handfome 
 perhaps as any in England, and there 
 are few more fpacious. Here is an 
 almffi. or rather work-houfe, and a 
 chapel to it, and a fr. fc. but the 
 Greets are very irregular and uneven. 
 The inh. are reckoned about 13000, 
 whofe chief mf. is broad- cloath, in 
 which it employed fo many hands 
 about the beginning of this century, 
 that 7 waggons ufed to be fent hence 
 weekly with cloth, for Blackwell- 
 Hall, London, &c. Indeed all of 
 it was not made here ; for the clo- 
 thiers of Whatley, Mells, and other 
 neighbouring villages, brought their 
 goods hither for carriage to London, 
 and each of thefe waggons ufed to 
 hold 140 pieces, which being valued 
 at 14 /. a cloth, one with another, 
 made the value of the whole amount 
 to above 700,000 /. a year ; and, 
 30 years ago, raore wire cards for 
 carding the wool for the fpinners 
 were made here, than in all England 
 befides, which was for moft part fup- 
 plied with them from hence ; for 
 here were no lefs than 20 matter 
 cardmakers, one of whom (Mr. Glo- 
 ver) emjlyed 400 men, women and 
 
 children in that mf. at one time j f 
 that even children of 7 or 8 years of 
 age could earn half a crown a week. 
 The cloths made here for moft part, 
 are medleys of 7 or 8 s. a yard. The 
 r. here, which abounds with trout, 
 eels, &c . rifes in the woodlands, and 
 runs under its ftone-bridge towards 
 Bath, on the E. fide of which it falls 
 into the A /on. This T. has been a 
 long time of fpecial note for its rare 
 fine beer, which they keep to a great 
 age, and is generally preferred by the 
 gentry to the wines of France and 
 Portugal. It was governed formerly 
 by a bailiff, and now by 2 conftables 
 of the H. of Frome, chofe at the 
 court-leet of the Ld. of the manor, 
 who was lately Mr.. Seaman. The 
 inh. of this T. who had /hewn their 
 zeal for the glorious Revol. endea- 
 voured in the R. of K. Will, to ob- 
 tain a charter of incorp. but in vain, 
 becaufe they were oppofed in it by a 
 neighbouring Ld. Here were formerly 
 3 chanteries. The Mts. here are W. 
 and 5. and the Fairs on St.Mattbiaft- 
 day and St. Catherine's. 
 
 FROXFIELD, (Wilts] intheBath 
 road, 2 m. "from Hungerford, where 
 is an almfh. well endowed, which 
 was founded by Sarah Duchefs dow- 
 ager of Somerfet, relict of the laft 
 D. of the elder branch of the noble 
 family of Seymour, for 30 widows 
 not .having 20 /. a year to fubfift 
 on, one half the widows of clergy- 
 men, the other half laymen's widows, 
 for whofe maintenance fhe devifed 
 feveral manors, mefluages and farms, 
 befides above 2000 /. that fhe left by 
 her will, for the building and furni- 
 ture of this almfh. which contains 
 thirty ground-rooms, and as many 
 chambers, one of each fort being al- 
 lowed to every widow, with a little 
 plat of garden. Here is a chapel for 
 them, wherein the chaplain, whofe 
 ftipend is 30 /. a year, is to read 
 prayers every day, and to preach on 
 Sunday. Befides the yearly penfion 
 in money, which is new about eight 
 guineas,
 
 F U 
 
 TO 
 
 G A 
 
 guineas, the widows are allowed a 
 cloth-gown, with a certain quantity 
 of wood every winter; and when 
 the cftates /he has given to the 
 alrnfh. (many of which are now de- 
 mifed upon leafe for lives) fhall fall 
 in and produce a clear income of 
 more than 400 /. a year, (he ap- 
 pointed additional lodgings to be built 
 for 20 more widows. 
 
 FULFORD, (Staff.) on the N. E. 
 fide of Stone, near the Blythe, lately 
 bel. to one Gifford. Here is a quarry 
 of good building ftone, purely white 
 and of a fine grain. 
 
 FULHAM, (Midd.) 4 m. from 
 London, was in the Conqueror's time 
 held of the K. by the canons of St. 
 Paul's ; and there is an ancient houle 
 here, which is moated about, and 
 bel. to the See of London. King 
 Hen. III. often lay in it. From this 
 place to Putney there is a wooden 
 bridge over the Thames, where not 
 only horfes, ceaches, and all car- 
 riages, but even foot-paflengers pay 
 toll. The Oh. here is both a rettery 
 and a vicarage. 
 
 FULLINGROVE, (Devon.) near 
 Barnftaple, to whofe priory it once 
 bel. but at the Din", came to Mr. 
 Copleftone. 
 
 FULMER, (Camb.) the next p. to 
 Triplow and Meldrith by Brent- 
 Dike, has quarries in which are 
 found great quantities of fire-Hones, 
 that produce plenty of vitriol. 
 
 FY F i ELD, (Hamf.) in a fine fport- 
 ing country, I m. from Weyhill, and 
 3 from Andover, is a manor of 300 
 acres, fet by leafe at 140 /. a year, 
 and 6 1 acres of coppice and wood 
 ground. 
 
 FY FIELD, (Berks') on the N. W. 
 fide of Abingdon, bel. formerly to the 
 Golafres, and was purchafed by Sir 
 Tho. White Ld. -mayor of London, 
 who fettled it on St. John's Coll. in 
 Oxford, which he founded ; at firft 
 Ipafing it out to his brother, in whofe 
 family it has continued in a direct 
 line to this day ; but St. John's Coll. 
 are Lds. of the manor. 
 
 G A 
 
 GADDESDEN, GREAT and 
 LITTLE, (Hartf.) near He- 
 mel-Hempftead, have Cawley-Wood 
 and Ivingo-Hills to the N.W. Ald- 
 bury-Cliffs on the S. W. and Dun- 
 ftable-Downs to the N. and have 
 their name from their fituation in 
 the vale where the r. Gade rifes. 
 The manor of Great- Gaddefden, 
 which is i m. lo the E. of the 
 Lefler, was by K. Hen. VII. granted 
 to Tho. Stanley Earl of Derby, in 
 whofe family it continued till the R. 
 of Q._ Eliz. when the heirefles of 
 Ferdinando Earl of Derby fuffered a 
 recovery of this manor, and con- 
 veyed it to Sir Rob. Cecil, then fe- 
 cretary of ftate, who granted it to 
 Mr. Carey of Berkhamfted, by whom 
 it was conveyed to Rich. Speed. Ne- 
 verthelefs, it came afterwards to Sir 
 Philip Carey of Cadington, who, with 
 Sir Henry Carey of Berkhamfted,. 
 conveyed it to the Ld. Ellefmere, Ld. 
 Chan, of England, and from him it 
 came to the late D. of Bridgwater. 
 Little-Gaddefden, 3 m. N. of He- 
 mel-Hemfted, bel. formerly to the 
 mon. of Bonhommes j but after the 
 Diff. it came to the crown, where it 
 continued till Q._Eliz. granted it to 
 the Lady Cheyney ; but was after- 
 wards fold to Ralph Marina!, who 
 conveyed it to Randolph Crew, by 
 whom it was granted to Ld. Ellef-. 
 mere and Sir John Egerton. About 
 half a m. off^ on the other fide of 
 the common that runs along by the 
 D. of Bridgewater's park, there is a 
 noble profpeft into 3 Cos. which 
 is moft beautifully diversified with 
 woods, cliffs, rivers, and land both 
 arable and pafture. 
 
 GA L T R ES-FOR E s T, (rbr*.N.R.) 
 on the S. fide of Gilling.Caftle, ex- 
 tended formerly to the very walls of 
 York city, and was famous for an 
 annual horfe-race, where the prize 
 for the winning horfe was a little 
 golden
 
 G A 
 
 G A 
 
 golden bell. Mr. Camden fays, thefe 
 races were frequented by fuch num- 
 bers of people from all parts, and 
 that fuch great wagers were laid on 
 the racers, as was incredible. 
 
 GAMLING AY, (Can:b.} is a pretty 
 large village, near Caxton, Bigglef- 
 vvade, and E. Hatley, and in the 
 road from Cambridge to Oxford, 
 which was the manor and feat of 
 the Avenells, whofe inheritance de- 
 fcended by marriage to the ancient 
 family of St. George. 'Tis now the 
 feat of Sir Jacob Gerrard Downing, 
 Bt. Here is a ch. fc. fupported by 
 the fubfcriptions of the neighbour- 
 ing gentry and of Merton Coll. and 
 an old hof. erected by the family of 
 Jacob. 
 
 GAMSTON, (AVf.) in the p. of 
 Bridgford, and near Adbolton, anci- 
 ently the eftate of the Lutterels, then 
 of the Thimelbys, one of whom 
 fold it to Sir Henry Pierpoint, the 
 itnceftor of the D. of Kingfton. 
 
 GAMSTON, ( Notrin? h. ) on the 
 Idle, to the N. W. of fuxford, bel. 
 in the laft century to the Markhams, 
 afterwards to the Earl of Clare, and 
 fmce to the D. of Newcaftle. 
 
 8^ GANESBOROUGH, (Line. ) 
 115 cm. 137 mm. from London, is 
 a well-built T. of good trsde, upon 
 the Tren h , which brings up fhips of 
 good burden with the tide, tho' it is 
 near 40 m. from the Humber by 
 \viter, and 'tis reckoned the moft 
 flourifliing T. in the Co. Its Ch. 
 being ruinous, was, by aft of Pt. in 
 1735, pulled down, in order to be 
 rebuilt. Here are feveral meeting- 
 houfes of Proteftant Diflenters, with 
 a large fine place for a Mt. which is 
 on Tu. and its Fairs are Ea^r-M. 
 and Off. 9. It gives title of Earl to 
 the family of Noel. The N. marfh 
 in its neighbourhood is noted for 
 horfe-races. The Danes who invaded 
 the Km. brought their fliips up to 
 this place. 
 
 GANFORD, (Durham] near Bar- 
 nard-Caftle, to which it is the mo- 
 ther Ch. ftarxls near the influx of a 
 
 fmall r. into the Tees, and is an, an- 
 cient manor, with a large territory. 
 
 GARBOLDISHAM, (Norf.} near 
 Keninghall, and on the N. W. fide 
 of Dis, has a handfome feat of Sir 
 Edmund Bacon, Bt. built by his fa- 
 ther, Sir Robert, who purchafed it. 
 
 GARGRAVE, (Tori;. W. R.) a 
 pretty pleasant T. near Winterburn, 
 bet. Settle and Skipton in Craven, 
 divided by the r. Are, which abounds 
 with fifh, " and has fuch a winding 
 " courfe (fays Camden) through tht 
 " Ings bit. this and Skipton, and 
 " fports fo in meanders from its very 
 " fource, as if it was undetermined 
 " almoft whether to run to the fea, 
 " or back to its fountain for I was 
 " forced to crofs it, in my direfl road, 
 " no lefs than fcvcn times in half an 
 hour." This place is the yearly ren- 
 dezvous of the gentlemen of York/hire 
 and the adjacent Cos. for the hunt- 
 ing feafon. 
 
 GAS MANS WAY, (Durham) 5m. 
 from Durham, is the place from 
 whence the Danifh K. Canute went 
 barefoot, to vifit St. Cuthbert's tomb- 
 in that city. 
 
 K5GARSTANG,(Z,ar.) 177011. 
 222 rnm, from London, in the poft- 
 road bet. Prefton and Lancafler, has 
 a Mt. on Ib, and Fair JVsf. 10. 
 
 GARSTON, (Hai-tf.) in the p. of 
 Watford, is a manor which bel. for- 
 merly to the abbey of St. Alban's ; 
 but, at the Ref. was given to Rich, 
 and John Randal, from whom it 
 came to Robert Carter, whole fon, 
 William, fold it to John Marfh, Efq; 
 to whofe pofterity it did lately, if it 
 does not ftill, belong. 
 
 GARSTOK-EAST, (erki) near 
 Hungerford. The manor was held in 
 the R. of Edw. HI. by the fervice of 
 finding a Kt. armed with plate-ar- 
 mour in the K's. army, when it flicu'd 
 be in the territory of Kidwelly in 
 Wales. It bel. afterwards to the Ds. 
 of Lancafter ; not many years fince to 
 the family of Gaftrey j and lately to 
 Mr. Jones of Raxnlbury.
 
 G A 
 
 TO 
 
 G E 
 
 GAR THORP, (Litic.) in the p. of 
 Luddington and manor of Crowle, on 
 the bank of the Dun, bel. to Rich, 
 and Batly Worfop, Efqrsj who have 
 each a feat here. 
 
 GAR WIN TON, (Kent') in the p. of 
 Beakfbourn, bel. anciently to Lds. of 
 that name 5 but was transferred, by 
 the heirefs of that family, to the 
 Haines ; from whom, by Ifaac, Syd- 
 Jey, and Palmer, it came to Mr. 
 Geo. Curtis. 
 
 GASSON, ( Surry ) in the p. of 
 Blechingley, at the fource of the Med- 
 way, bel. not many years ago to Sir 
 Will. Hayward. 
 
 GATESHEAD, (Durham) is, as it 
 were, the fuburb of Newcaftle, tho 1 
 it lies in another Co. being divided by 
 the r. Tyne ; over which there is a 
 ftately ftone-bridge, with an iron-gate 
 in the middle, which is the boundary 
 bet. the Bpk. and Northumberland. 
 Here live the coal-pit men. 
 
 G A T z s H I L L , (Sarry) a tything of 
 Godalming whofe manor was an- 
 ciently held of the K. by the mafter 
 of his concubines that followed the 
 court. 
 
 GATTACRE, (Salop] to the S.E. 
 of Bridgenorth, the eftate of a fa- 
 mily of that name from the time of 
 Edw. the Confeflbr. 
 
 jp. GATTON, (Surry) 15011. 18 
 mm. from London, under the fide of a 
 hill going to Reygate, is fuppofed to 
 have been known to the Romans, by 
 reafon of their coins and other anti- 
 quities that have been found here ; 
 and where the manor-houfe ftands, it 
 is faid there was once a caftle. 'Tis 
 a Bor. by prefcription ; has fent mem- 
 bers to Ft. ever fmce the zgth of 
 Hen. VI. and was formerly a large T. 
 but is now a mean village, with a 
 fmall Ch. and without Fair, or Mt. 
 The members are returned by its con- 
 ftable, who is chofe annually at the 
 court of Mr. Newland, Ld. of the 
 manor. It bel. formerly to the Cop- 
 leys, who fold it, about the middle 
 of the laft century, to Tho. Targis, 
 E% who by will left it to Will. New. 
 
 land, eldeft fon to Sir Geo. Newland. 
 The regifter of this p. begins, anr.* 
 1599. The r. Mole rifes in this p. 
 which is alfo noted for a quarry of white 
 free-ftone, which is foft, and endures 
 the fire admirably well in winter, but 
 neither fun, nor air. 'Tis much ufed 
 by chymifts, bakers, glafs-houfes, 
 Gfc. 
 
 GAUTHORP-HALL,(nr*.W.R.) 
 
 in the p. of Harwood, midway bet. 
 Leeds and Knare/borough, famous for 
 the refidence of the ancient family of 
 the Gafcoigns ; but is now the manor 
 and fine feat of James Boulter, Efq;.. 
 
 GAWSEWORTK-HALI,, (Cbeft.} 
 near Macclesfield, formerly bel. to the 
 E. of Macclesfield, now to the E. of 
 Harrington. 
 
 GAYNFORD, (Durham] on the 
 Tees, 3 m. E. of Barnard 1 s-Caftle } of 
 which it is the mother-Ch. 
 
 GAYTEFORD, (Nott.} a hamlet 
 of Workfop, bel. to a family of its 
 own name for feveral fucceflions ; and 
 afterwards to the Kts, Laflels and 
 Rhodes, one of whom, Sir Francis 
 Rhodes, was high-fheriff of this Co. 
 
 GAYTEFORTH, (York. W. R.) 
 bet. Snath and Sherborn, was the Lp. 
 of Henry de Bromflet, who was the 
 principal founder of the order of 
 white-fryars all over England. 
 
 GEDDINGTON, (Northampton.) 
 i m. from Boughton, and to the N. 
 E. of Ru/hton and Newton, had 
 anciently a royal caftle ; and a ftone 
 crofs was creeled here in honour 
 ofQ^Eleanor, wife to K. Edward I. 
 A chace bel. to thisT. which is the 
 D. of Montague's ; and here is a ch. 
 fc. 
 
 GEDLING, (Nott.) near Notting- 
 ham, in the road to Mansfield ; which, 
 after being pofiefled and forfeited, 
 both by Ld. Lovel and his nephew 
 Hen. Norris, K. Hen. VIII. granted 
 it to Lady Ann Stanhope, the ancef- 
 tor of the Chefterfield family, who 
 prefent both to its reftory and vicar- 
 age. 
 
 GlDNBV,
 
 G E 
 
 TO 
 
 G I 
 
 GEDNEY, (Lin;.) near Fleet and 
 Tid-St.-Mary's. Its manor bel. in 
 theR. of Hen. VIII. to Ld. St. John ; 
 but was Ibid to that K. at 20 years 
 purchafe, befides the woods that bel. 
 to it. The parfonage here is a dona- 
 tive, and the vicar has the cure of 
 fouJs with 400 /. a year. 
 
 GEDNEY, (Som.) with its moor, 
 near Glaftonbury and Wells, was, 
 they fay, given to Jofeph of Ar;ma- 
 thea, when he built Glaftonbury- 
 Abbey. 
 
 GENTLESHALI., (Staff.) on the 
 W. fide of Litchfield, bel. formerly 
 to the Staffords, and fince to Mr. 
 Skeffington. The Ld. Vjfc. Mafia- 
 rcen had a feat here, with a noble 
 plantation of trees about it. 
 
 ST. GEORGE'S-FIELDS, (Surry) 
 a large ipace bet. Lambeth and South- 
 wark, where have been found many 
 Roman coins, chequered pavements, 
 and bricks ; it being the centre of 3 
 Roman ways. 
 
 # ST. GERMAN'S, (Cam.) 180 
 cm. 220 mm. from London, bet. Sal- 
 tafh and Leflcard, on the little r. Li- 
 ver abounding with oyfters. Though 
 once a Bp's. fee, removed hither from 
 Bodmin, and from hence to Kirton, 
 and thence to Exeter, it is now a de- 
 cayed village j yet it has, ever fince 
 the 5th of Q;_El;z. fent 2 members to 
 Pt. has a Mt. though a fmall one, 
 on F. and Fairs May 24 and Aug. I. 
 The chief magiftme, who is called 
 the mayor, or portreeve, is bailiff alfo 
 of the Bor. and may make any houfe 
 in it the prifon of the perfon whom 
 he arrefts. He is chofen, about Mi- 
 chaelmas, at the court-leet of the Ld. 
 of the manor, by a jury impanelled 
 for the purpofe. The ruins of the 
 epifcopal palace are yet vifible at a 
 farm-houfe at Cuttenbeck, im. and 
 half from the T. and in the Ch. 
 which is large and handfome, there 
 are ftill an cpifcopal chair (which is 
 for the Bp. of Exeter's fuft'ragan) and 
 the flails of the prebends. The p. 
 which is the largeft in Cornwall, is 
 zoni, in com. including no lefs than 
 
 17 villages ; and it is fuppofed to have 
 more gentlemen's feats and Lps. than 
 any other p. in England. Here was ' 
 formerly a priory at a place fronting 
 the f. now called Port-Elliot, from 
 the family of the Elliots, who areLds. 
 of the manor, which they bought of 
 the Champernoons ; to whom it came 
 accicentilly at the Dill. One cf the 
 late Elliots endowed a public fc. here, 
 and repaired the feiTions-houfe. The 
 rectory of its Ch. is held by leafe, 
 for 21 years, of the D. and C. of 
 Windier. The members cf Pt. are 
 chofe by all the houfholders who 
 have lived a year within the Bor. 
 which contains about 6c houfes near 
 the Ch. the reft cf the p. being with- 
 out the Bor. The T. ftands on a ri- 
 fing ground, in the form cf an am- 
 phitheatre j but the houfes are meanly 
 built and irregular, as is the rock 
 which is their bafis. 
 
 GERR ARD'S-CROSS, (Bucki)near 
 Chalfont, bet. Uxbridge and Amer- 
 fljarr., is a fine feat cf the D. of Port- 
 land ; whofc anceftor the E. of Port- 
 land, fo created by K. Will, built 
 and endowed a ch. fc. here, where 20 
 boys and 15 girls are taught and 
 cloathed, and * of the children put 
 out apprentices every year. 
 
 GIBS MERE, (Nott.) a hamlet of 
 Southwell, which formerly bel. to 
 the Annefleys $ from whom it pafied, 
 by marriage, to the anceitor of Patrick 
 Vifc. Chaworth. 
 
 GIDDY-HALL, (Effae) atthe far- 
 ther end of Rumford, was the feat of 
 a manor in the liberty of Havering, a 
 great fquare building, like a jefuits- 
 Coll. in the middle of a park ; begun 
 by Sir Tho. Cooke, Ld. -mayor of 
 London in the R. cf Edw. IV. and 
 finifhcd by his great grand-fon, Sir 
 Anth. Cooke, governor to K. Ed. VI. 
 fevsral of whofe family were interred 
 in its chapel. It was afterwards Q._ 
 Elir's. manor ; and, not very many 
 years ago, was in the hands of Mr. 
 Shatterden of Barbados. It is fince 
 pulled down to the ground ; and there 
 now ftands a ftately raanifion-houfe, 
 bttilc
 
 G I 
 
 built on the fpot by the late Sir John 
 Eyles, Ld. -mayor of London. 
 
 GIGCLESWICK, (Turk. W.R. ) 
 half a m. from Settle, ftands on the 
 r. Ribble ; where, at the foot of a 
 mountain, is a fpring, the moft noted 
 in England for ebbing and flowing 
 fometimes thrice in an hour, and the 
 water fubfides 3 quarters of a yard at 
 the reflux, though the fea is 30 m. 
 off. At this T. is an eminent free 
 grammar-fc. founded by one Mr. 
 Bridges, and well endowed ; and in 
 the neighbourhood are flags, flate, and 
 ftone, with a gsed lime-kiln. 
 
 ST. GILES-IN-TKE-HEATH, 
 (ZWsff.) has the Tamar on the W. 
 and a pretty brook on the E. called 
 Gary ; but lies in a barren foil, to the 
 N. E. of Launceflon. 
 
 GILLING, ( York. N. R. ) near 
 Richmond, had a cattle j and was'the 
 capital manfion of Will. theConq's. 
 great Capt. Alan (to whom he gave 
 the greateft part of 146 manors) as it 
 was long afterwards the feat of the 
 Lds. of this country. It gives name 
 to ths Hs. Gilling E. and W. and had 
 formerly a mon. The caftle bel. once 
 to the Mowbrays, and afterwards to 
 the Fairfaxes. 
 
 GILLINGHAM, (Dorfet.) on the 
 Stour, near Shaft/bury and the foreft 
 of its own name ; where, anno 1016, 
 K. Edm. Ironfide vanquished the 
 Danes. 
 
 GILLINGHAM, (Kent} 3m. be- 
 low Chatham, and on the fame fide 
 of the Medway. The manor always 
 bel. to the Abps. of Canterbury, who 
 had a fine palace here ; but its Ch. 
 was given, by Hen. I. to the mon. of 
 Shepey-Ifland. It had once a Mt. on 
 T/b. and a Fair Sept. 14, \vhich held 
 a week, and was procured by Peck- 
 ham, Abp. of Canterbury, in the R. 
 of Edw. I. Part of Chatham-Dock 
 is in this p. and here is a caftle well 
 furni/hed with guns, that commands 
 the r. there being no Jefs than 170 
 embrazurcs for cannon ; which would 
 flop the progrefs of any enemy, that 
 fliould happen to make vray by Shcer- 
 3 
 
 G I 
 
 nefs-Fort, before they could reach 
 Chatham. Here are alfo copperas- 
 works. At this place 600 Norman 
 gentlemen, who came over in the re- 
 tinue of the two princes Alfred and 
 Edward, were all barbaroufly mur- 
 dered by Earl Godwin. 
 
 GILI.INOKAM, ALL-SAINTS 
 and ST. MARY'S, (Norfolk] lie near 
 the bridge over the Waveney to Beck- 
 les ; and the latter is the feat of Sir 
 Cha. Caftleton, Bt. as the former is 
 of Sir Edm. Bacon, Bt. 
 
 GiLLiSLAND,(Ca.) on the N. 
 fide of the Co. bet. the rs. Kirkfop 
 and Whit-Leven, was anciently in 
 the family of the Moltons ; then in 
 that cf the Lds. Dacre, who held it 
 a long, time, till it went by marriage 
 to the noble family of the Howards, 
 and gives title of Baron to that branch, 
 who are the Es. of Carlifle. 'Tis a 
 traft mnch embarrafied with brooks, 
 here called Gilles. The pits-wall 
 runs through part of it, from Carlifle 
 to the E. 
 
 GILMORTOV, (L'f.) near Lut- 
 terworth, had certain farms and rents 
 bel. to the Coll. of Tonge in Salop ; 
 which, at the DifT. were given by 
 Hen. VIII. to Sir Rich. Manners, 
 anceftor of the prefentD. of Rutland. 
 In the R. of Edw. IV. the p. was the 
 demefne cf Sir Will. Haflerig, Kt. 
 
 GiLSHAUGHLIN, (Wi-fl.} 4 Or 5 
 
 m. N. W. of Appleby ; from whence 
 its manor was removed hither, when 
 that T. was infeded with the plague, 
 anna 1598. 
 
 GIMMINGHAM, (Norfc!)} on the 
 N. E. fide of Bermingharn, not far 
 from the fea-coafr, bel. formerly 'o 
 John of Gaunt D. cf Lancafter. 'Tis 
 remarked by Sir Hen. Spehnan, that 
 in this phce, the ancient cuftom of 
 tenure in foccage is ftill kept up, the 
 tenant paying his rent not in money, 
 but in fo many day's work, or in ne- 
 cefTaries for food and raiment ; a 
 culrom much pracftifed by the Gauls 
 on this fide of the Alps, and which 
 was firft aboliflied in this Km. by 
 Hen. H. 
 
 GITTON,
 
 G I 
 
 G I 
 
 GIPTON, (Tork. W.R.) not far 
 from Hawkfworth, the eftate of the 
 late Sir Ja. Long. Here is a curious 
 cold fpring, which is frequented by 
 perfons of quality, and accommodated 
 with convenient apartments to fweat 
 in after bathing. The place was fit- 
 ted up for this ufe in 1681. 
 
 GIRT ON, (Nott.) a village bel. to 
 Newark, of which the Bp. of Lincoln 
 is Ld. and where the Kts. Templars 
 had feme intereft in the R. of Edw. I. 
 
 Kf Gi SHORN, (rork.Vf. R.) on 
 the b. of Lancaftire, i6ocm. 189 
 mm. from London, bel. in the R. of 
 Hen. III. to the Piercys Es. of North- 
 umberland j one of whom gave it to 
 the monks of Salley, together with 
 the foreft, on their paying 20 marks 
 yearly. After this, Eleanor, the 
 wife of another of thofe Es. had the 
 perquifites of the court and chace here 
 for part of her dower. The Mt. is 
 on M. Tho. Lifter, Efq; has a feat 
 in the foreft, near Colney. 
 
 J3? Gi s BOROUGH, (Tork. N.R.) 
 in Cleveland, and the road from 
 \Vhitby to Durham, 183 cm. 114 mm. 
 from London, and 4 m. from the 
 mouth of the Tees, where is a bay 
 and harbour for mips. It had for- 
 merly an abbey, which was once the 
 common burial-place of the nobility 
 of thefe parts, and its Ch. by the 
 ruins feems to have been equal to the 
 beft cathedrals in England. 'Tis fo 
 pltafant a fituation, that Camden 
 compared it to Putcoli in Italy : And 
 the inh. are praifed by travellers, for 
 their good manners, the neatnefs of 
 their houfes, and the cleanlinefs of 
 their diet. The coldnefs of the breezes 
 from the fea is qualified by the inter- 
 vening hills. The foil, befides its fer- 
 tility in pafture, and a conftant verdure 
 adorned with plenty of field -flowers 
 almoft all the year, has earths of fun- 
 dry colours, feme iron, and mines of 
 allom, which were firft difcovered by 
 Sir Tho. Chaloner, tutor to Pr. Henry 
 fon of Jam. I. and have been fince 
 very much improved. Sir I'.iu! Pin- 
 dar, \vho firft farmed them, paid rents 
 
 to the K. i2,500/. to the Earl Muf- 
 grave, 1640 /. and to Sir Will. Pen- 
 niman, 6cc /. and had moreover 800 
 men, by fea and land, in conftant pay ; 
 yet he was a confiderablegainer,becaufe 
 there was then fcarce any other to be 
 had, and the price was 26 /. a ton. 
 Thefe allom-works were, fince that, 
 carried on by the late D. of Bucking- 
 ham and Normanby, or his agents ; 
 but now there are divers other allom- 
 works in this Co. which have taken a 
 great part of the trade from hence 5 fo 
 that the works here have for fome 
 years lain neglected. Here is a Mt, 
 on M. and Fairs Aug. \ 5 and Sep. 8. 
 ' 
 
 123 cm. 153 mm. from Londoir, has 
 a bridge over the r. Ankam, and a 
 Mt. on Tb. 
 
 GLASCOTE, (Wana.) on the S. 
 fide of the r. Anker, oppofite to Tam- 
 worth. The manor, in the R. of 
 Hen. VIII. bel. to Edward Ld. Clin- 
 ton, who fold it to James Levifon, 
 merchant of the ftaple j by whofe 
 daughter it went in marriage to Sir 
 Walter Aflon, who fold jt to Will. 
 Anfon of Lincoln's-Inn ; of whom it 
 was purchafed by Will. Cumberland. 
 
 GLASON,OrGl.ASTON-CASTJ.I, 
 
 (I,anc.) in the manor of Aldingham 
 in Loynfdale, to the S. E. of Dalton, 
 is fituate in ;i fertile vale among rich 
 meadows, and flickered from the raw 
 fea breezes by fruitful hills, which 
 render it one of the pleafanteft feats 
 in the Co. 
 
 5* GtASTONBURY, (Sam.} 
 103 cm. laomm. from London, is 
 in a manner encompaiTed withrs. and 
 was of old called the ifle of Avalon. 
 By the ruins, here appears to have 
 been the moft magnificent abbey in 
 the world ; and fuch was its anti- 
 quity, that it has been called the 
 Mother of All-Saints, &c. The Saxon 
 Ks. as perh: p the Britiflj had done 
 before them, loaded it with revenues ; 
 and the abbot lived in almoft as muc h 
 ftate as the royal donors, with an in- 
 come of 40,000 /. a year ; and a vaft 
 trait of rich land, which he could 
 fee
 
 G L 
 
 G L 
 
 fee from the Tor, in his own poflef- 
 fion, exclufive of 7 deer parks bel. to 
 his abbey, which is walled round a 
 m. in com. and was rated in the K's. 
 book, at 700 /. a year more than the 
 Abpk. of Canterbury, and 2000 /. a 
 year more than the Bpk. of Durham. 
 The abbot had the title of Ld. and 
 fat among the Barons in Pt. There 
 were 61 abbots who governed it fuc- 
 cefiively, for near 600 years ; and had 
 fuch power, by a grant from K. Ca- 
 nute the Dane, that, without their 
 leave, no pcrfon whatever, not even 
 Bp. or Prince durft fet a foot in the ifle 
 of Avalon. At the Did", there were 
 loo monks in it ; and the abbot kept 
 300 domeftics (fome of them gentle- 
 men's fons) who were lodged in the 
 adjacent houfes. Rich. Whiting, 
 who was the laft abbot, for refufing 
 to furrender his abbey to K. Hen. 
 VIII. &c. was condemned at Wells, 
 and carried, with z of his monks, in 
 a hurdle to the Tor, where he was 
 hanged in his pontificalibus on St. Mi- 
 chaels-Tower ; his head fet on the 
 gate of his abbey, and his quarters 
 difpofed of at Bath, Wells, Bridge- 
 water, and Ilchefter. This Tor, fo 
 called from the tower which ftands 
 on it, is a hill fo high, that it is an 
 excellent fea-mark j but its afcent is 
 fo difficult, that probably the raifing 
 of the ftones to the top of it coft 
 more, than the building of the Ch. 
 there. Though it is in ruins, yet 
 there is ftill to be feen the figure of 
 the archangel with the balance in his 
 hands, having a bible in one fcale, 
 and a devil in the other ; to which 
 another devil hangs, but they are 
 both too light for the bible. As to 
 the hawthorn here, faid to have firft 
 taken root from a ftaff ftuck in the 
 ground by Jofeph of Arimathea, and 
 to blofibm on Chrifttnas-day only of all 
 the days in the year, it is very dubious, 
 whether that Jofeph was ever in Bri- 
 tain ; and though, it is certain, there 
 was a hawthorn-tree in the abbey 
 Ch.-yard, and that it was cut down 
 in the time of the civil wars, yet it 
 
 is falfe, that the branches of it, tha* 
 were faved and planted in the neigh" 
 bourhood, bud always or only upon. 
 Chriftntas-day ; for they bloflbm fome- 
 times 3 or 4 days after, and feldom fo 
 foon as Chriftmas-day y unlefs the wea- 
 ther be exceeding mild. Edgar and 
 many other Saxon Kgs. were interred 
 in its abbey-Ch. as was alfo, in Mr. 
 Camden's opinion, K. Arthur. Every 
 cottage here has part of a pillar, a door 
 or a window of this fabric; of which 
 there ftill remain the. ruins of the 
 choir, the middle tower, and cha- 
 pels ; and there is nothing left entire 
 of the abbot's lodging, but the kit- 
 chen, which was built by one of the 
 abbots of ftone, without any com- 
 buftible material, in defiance of one 
 of our Kgs. who, having been af- 
 fronted by the abbot, threatened to 
 ' burn it about his ears, as a part of 
 the convent which he knew the Epi- 
 curean herd could lead fpare. The 
 walls that remain of the abbey are 
 overgrown with ivy, and the afpet 
 of the whole is both melancholy and 
 venerable. Here are 2 p. Chs. This 
 T. while under the protection of its 
 abbots, was a parliamentary Bor. but 
 it loft that and its privilege of a corp. 
 the later of which was, however, re- 
 ftored by Q._Anne, who granted it a 
 new charter for a mayor and bur- 
 gefTes, by the intereft of its recorder 
 Sir Peter King, ( afterwards Ld. 
 Chan.) whofe father was born here. 
 The only mf. here is ftockings, but 
 the chief fupport of the place is the 
 refort of people to fee the ruins of 
 the abbey. The George inn here was 
 formerly called the Abbot's inn ; be- 
 caufe it was a receptacle for the ftrol- 
 lers that came in pilgrimage to the 
 abbey. The manor was given by K. 
 Rich. III. to Brockenbury lieutenant 
 of the Tower, for his concurrence in 
 the murder of the 2 young princes 
 his prifoners. In the R. of Edw. VI. 
 a Church of foreign Proteftants was 
 planted here, who being for moft 
 part worfted.weavers, the then D. of 
 Somerfet, to whom the abbey was 
 T granted,
 
 G L 
 
 G L 
 
 granted, fettled them here by an in- 
 denture, with a promife to lend them 
 money to buy wool, &c. for their 
 mf. and allowed them lodgings j but 
 the popifli Q. Mary was no fooner on 
 the throne, uian fhe ordered them to 
 depart. The fite of the abbey and 
 land has been fince transferred to the 
 family of the D. of Devon. The 
 Mt. here is on Tu. and the Fairs on 
 Sept. 8 and 29, which are moftly 
 frequented for horfes and fat cattle. 
 The Ifle of Avalon gives title of 
 Vifc. to the Earl of Peterborough. 
 At a little diftance from the old Ch. 
 and facing the monks Ch.-yard, are 
 2 remarkable pyramids, with infcrip- 
 tions, that are in characters unintel- 
 ligible, and an image in Bp's. veft- 
 ments. 
 
 GLEDTHORP-GRANGE, (Not/.) 
 on the N. W. fide of Edwinftow, 
 was a hamlet of Perlethorp, and bel. 
 formerly to the abbey of Welbeck, 
 fince to the D. of Newcaftle. 
 
 sj: GLOCESTER, (Gloc.) 81 cm. 
 1 02 mm. from London, ftands on a 
 pleafant hill, with houfes on every 
 defcent, and is a clean well-built T. 
 with the Severn on one fide, a branch 
 of which brings up /hips to it. 'Tis 
 beautified with a cathedral, befides 
 5 p. Chs. and is exceedingly well 
 provided with hofs. particularly an 
 infirmary, after the manner of thofe 
 at London, Winchefter, Bath, &c. 
 It was a Roman colony, and go- 
 verned by a conful. Forging of iron 
 feems to have been its mf. fo early 
 as the time of William the Conq. 
 K. Hen. VIII. made it the See of a 
 Bp. (with a dean and 6 prebends) 
 though Camden thinks it had that 
 honour in the time of the Britons. 
 Its caftle, which was erected in the 
 time of William the Conq. is very 
 much decayed ; part of it is leafed 
 out by the crown, and the reft ferves 
 for a prifon, one of the beft in Eng- 
 land. In its cathedral, which is an 
 ancient, but magnificent fabric, and 
 has a tower, reckoned one of the 
 ueatefl and moil curious pieces of 
 
 architecture in England, are the 
 tombs of Robert D. of Normandy, 
 fon to William the Conq. and of 
 Edw. II. and there is a whilpering 
 place like to that of St. Paul's at Lon- 
 don. In the chapter-houfe Strong- 
 bow lies, who conquered Ireland. 
 It has beautiful cloyfters, in the ftilc 
 of thole of King's Coll. Cambridge, 
 and there are 12 chapels in it, with 
 the arms and monuments of many 
 great perfons. Edward the Confefibr 
 held a great affembly of his no- 
 bles in that part of the mon. now 
 called the Long-workhoufe. K. John 
 made it a Bor. to be governed by 
 two bailiffs. Henry III. who was 
 crowned here, made it a corp. By 
 its prefent charter from Cha. II. it 
 is governed by a fteward, who is ge- 
 nerally a nobleman, a mayor, re- 
 corder, 12 aid. out of whom the 
 mayor is chofe, a T.-clerk, 2 She- 
 riffs, chofe yearly out of 26 C. C. a 
 fvvord-bearer, and four ferjeants at 
 mace. Here are twelve incorporated 
 trading companies, whofe mafters at- 
 tend the mayor on all publick occa- 
 fions, with their Streamers, &c. but 
 one of its chief mfs. is pins. Here 
 is a fair ftone-bridge over the r. with 
 a kay, wharf, and cuftom-houfe j 
 but moft of its bufinefs is engrofled 
 by Briftol. K. Edward I. held a Pt. 
 here in 1272, wherein fome good laws 
 were made, now called the Statutet 
 of Glucefter ; he erected a gate on 
 the S. fide of the abbey, ftill called 
 by his name, tho' almoft demolished 
 in the civil wars. K. Rich. II. alfo 
 held a Pt. here j and K. Rich. III. 
 in confideration of his having (before 
 his acccffion to the crown) borne the 
 title of D. of Glocefter, added the 
 two adjacent Hs. of Dudfton and 
 Kings-Barton to it, gave it his 
 fword and cap of maintenance, and 
 made it a Co. of itfelf, by the name 
 of the Co. of the City of Glocefter. 
 But after the Reftor. the Hs. weie 
 taken away by aft of Pt. and t':e 
 walls pulled down j becaufe the city 
 fliut the gates againft Cha, I. when 
 he
 
 G N 
 
 TO 
 
 G O 
 
 he befieged it in 1643, by which, 
 tho' the fiege was raifed by the Earl 
 of Eflex, it had fuffered 20,000 /. 
 damage. Before that time it had 
 1 1 p. Chs. but 6 of them were then 
 demoli/hed. Here are abundance of 
 crofles, and ftatues of our Kings, 
 fome of whom kept their Chriftmas 
 here, feveral Mt.-houies fupported 
 with pillars, and large remains of 
 mons. which were once fo numerous, 
 that it gave occafion to the monkifh 
 proverb, Ai fure as God is in Glo- 
 cefter. Here is a barley Mt. and a 
 hall for the affixes, called the Booth- 
 Hall. Under the bridge is a water- 
 engine to fupply the T. tho' it is 
 ferved with it alJb from Robin Hood's 
 Well, to which is a fine walk i m. 
 or a from the city. Camden fays, 
 that the famous Roman way, called 
 Ermin- Street, which begins at St. 
 David's in Pembrokeshire, and reaches 
 to Southampton, pafi'es through this 
 city. Sudmead in the neighbourhood 
 is noted for horfe-races. The Mts. 
 here are on W. and 5. and Fairs 
 Lady-day , Midfummer-day, Sep. 17, 
 and Nov. 17, the latter chiefly for 
 fat hogs. This is one of thofe 
 24 cities to which Sir Tho. White 
 gave 2000 /. for one of them to re- 
 ceive 100 /. once in 24 years, to be 
 lent to 4 citizens for 10 years, with- 
 out mtereft. Here is a ch. fc. for 
 above 80 children, of whom above 
 70 are alfo cloathed. The vale to 
 which it gives name has fo rich a 
 foil, that it yields variety of plants 
 and fruits, and all forts of grain, and 
 in fome places a hundredfold. It 
 muft not be omitted, that this city 
 has for many years given the title of 
 Duke, as it did fome centuries ago 
 that of Earl ; but the laft D. before 
 his R. H. Frederick Prince of Wales, 
 was William, the only fon of Prin- 
 cefs ( afterwards Q.J Anne, by Geo. 
 Prince of Denmark, who died in 
 1700. The citizens have erefted the 
 itatues of Q. Anne and K. Geo. I. 
 in one of thehigh-ftreets, both bigger 
 than the life. 
 
 GNOSTALL, (Staff. 1 ) ftands upon 
 Rowley-water, bet. Knightley and 
 Willbrighton. It had formerly a col- 
 legiate Ch. with 4 canons, whofo 
 lands were leafed after the DhT. to 
 Sir Geo. Blount, who gave the fama 
 to Draper, &c. and the reverfion 
 was given by the K. to the Bp. of 
 Litchfield and Coventry, and fettled 
 on that See. The manor-houfe here, 
 called Burgh-Hall, from Adam de 
 Burgh, to whom it once bel. de- 
 fcended from him to Knightley of 
 Knightley, one of whofe family de- 
 mifed it to Rob. Harcoate. Dr. Plot 
 fays, the minister and Ch. -wardens 
 here annually chufe a jury of twelve 
 men or more, who not only join 
 with them and the fide-men, in 
 making the prefentation to the of- 
 ficial, (it being a peculiar) but are 
 impannelled, and bring in their ver- 
 dict in all ecclefiaftical caufes that 
 happen among them for the year en- 
 fumg. 
 
 {t^p GODALMING, (Surry) on 
 the r. Wey, 28 cm. 34 mm. from 
 London. 'Tis faid to have been be- 
 fore the Conqueft the See of a Bp. 
 with a dean and canons, whois 
 houfes were in a Street here, called 
 Church- Street, and that the Bpk. 
 was taken from it in the R. of 
 Hen. II. and the eftates thereof con- 
 ferred on the deanery of Sarum. 
 'Tis a corporation, by whofe charter, 
 granted, as fome fay, by K. Edw. III. 
 or as others by Q._Eliz. their chief 
 magistrate is a warden, chofe yearly, 
 who has 8 brethren his aSTiStants. 
 The p. is divided into 9 tithings. 
 Its r. abounds with good fiSh, efpe- 
 cially pike, and drives a grift-mill, 
 two paper-mills, and three corn-mills. 
 Here is a mf. of mix'd kerfeys, and 
 blue ones for the Canarys, that for 
 colour are not to be matched. The 
 beft whited-brown paper is faid to 
 come from hence, and that the mf. 
 was firft fet up here in the R. of 
 James I. Here is alfo a mf. of ftock- 
 ings ; and the place is alfo famous 
 for liquorice, good carrots, and ftore 
 T z f
 
 G O 
 
 G O 
 
 cf peat, that burns as well or better 
 than pit- coal ; but a woman of this 
 T. (Mary Tofts) lately endeavoured 
 to render it infamous, by a pretended 
 delivery of rabbets, a vile impofture, 
 by which, however, (he for feme 
 time puzzled feme noted phyficians, 
 anatomifts, &c. Here is a Mt. on 
 /^. and Fairs Feb. 2, and June 29, 
 both chiefly for horned cattle. Here 
 is a ch. fc. and on the common an 
 hof. built and endowed about 150 
 years ago, for 10 old men, by Rich. 
 Wyat, ofShackleford, Efqj. In 1739 
 the fmall-pox carried oft" above 500 
 perfons here in 3 months, which was 
 more than a third of the inh. 
 
 GODMANCHESTER, (Hunt.} has 
 a bridge on the Oufe, oppofite to 
 Huntingdon, was formerly a Roman 
 city, by the name of Durofiponte,where 
 many Roman coins have been often 
 dug up ; and, 'tis faid by oid writers, 
 that in the time cf the Saxons it was 
 the See of a Bp. and had a caftJe 
 built by one Gorman, a Danifh K. 
 from which the T. was called Gor- 
 manchefter. It is reckoned the biggeft 
 village in England, and ii feated in 
 a fertile foil, abounding with corn. 
 'Tis faid no T. in England keeps 
 more ploughs at work than this does, 
 or hath done ; and Mr. Camden fays, 
 no people in the nation had advanced 
 hufbandry more, either by purfe or 
 genius. The inh. boaft they formerly 
 received our Ks. as they made a pro- 
 grefs this way, with 9 fcore ploughs 
 at a time, finely adorned with their 
 trappings, &c. and when James I. 
 paffed through from Scotland, they 
 met him with 70 teams of horfe, all 
 traced to new ploughs, and told him, 
 they held their lands of the Ks. cf 
 England by that tenure. His Majefty 
 faid, " he was glad he had fo many 
 " good hufbandmen for his tenants 
 " in one town," and made it a corp. 
 by the name of 2 bailiff's, 12 af- 
 fiants, and the commonalty of the 
 Bor. of Godmanchefter. Here is a 
 fc. called the Free Grammar-School 
 of Q, Elizabeth. The family of the 
 
 Gold/boroughs had a feat here not 
 very many years agu. On the W. 
 fide of the T. is a noble, though 
 ancient feat of the Earl of Sandwich. 
 Near this place, in the London read 
 bet. Huntingdon and Caxton, is a 
 tree well known to travellers by the 
 name of Beggars-Bufh , of which 
 Dr. Fuller tells this ftory : " That 
 " K. James I. travelling this way 
 " with Sir Francis Bacon his Ld. 
 " Chan, and hearing that he had re- 
 " warded a man very lavifhly for a 
 " mean prefent, faid to him, You 
 " ivill fan come to Beggan-BuJb ; 
 " and fo may I too, if ive are both 
 " fo fatHtifa" And 'tis now a 
 common faying in this Co. when 
 they fee a prodigal, That he ii in tbt 
 way to Beggar s-Bufh, 
 
 GODMANHAM, (fork. E. R.) bet. 
 Beverley and Pocklington, fo called 
 from an idol temple here in the 
 Saxon times. 
 
 GODMERSHAM, (Kent) on the r. 
 that runs from Wye to Canterbury, 
 had, 'tis faid, formerly the grant of 
 a Mt. on 7. and a Fair on Tb. and 
 F, in Eaflcr-iveek, 
 
 GODNESTON, (Kent) a manor of 
 Sittingbourn, which bel. for many 
 generations to the Nottinghams, till 
 it was fold to Richard Lovelace, of 
 Queenhithe, London, in the R. of 
 Henry VI. whole descendant, John 
 Lovelace, fold it in the R. of Q^ 
 Eliz. to Mr. Ralph Finch, of \vhofe 
 pofterity it was purchafed by Alder- 
 man Garret. "Tis now the feat of 
 Sir Brook Bridges, Bt. 
 
 GODOLPHIN, (Corntu.) 4 m. from 
 Market-Jew, is a place on a hill, 
 famous for tin-mines, but chiefly for 
 that noble family who, even in the 
 Conqueror's time, were its Lds. and 
 took their names from it, as it has 
 lately given the titles of Baron and 
 of Earl, ever fince Sidney Godolphin 
 was created Baron Godolphin by K. 
 Cha. II. and Earl of Gcdolphin by 
 Q^Anne. 
 
 GODSHILL, (Hamp.) intheNew- 
 
 Foreft, near Fordingbridge, had once 
 
 a
 
 G O 
 
 G O 
 
 a. camp on it, fince overgrown with 
 oaks. 
 
 GODSHILL, (IJle of Wight") in the 
 E. Medina, near the rife of Cowes 
 r. had a chantry formerly, and a 
 ch. fc. erected near 150 years ago by 
 John Worfiey, Efq; 
 
 GODSTONE, (Surry) on the E. 
 fide of Blechingley, lies part in the 
 great road to Suflex, and part, with 
 the Ch. on an eminence about half 
 a m. higher. It has its name from 
 the excellent ftone-quarries here. 
 The manor belonged in the R, of 
 Henry VII. to Roger de St. John, 
 and continued in the family till 
 1350, when it was conveyed to Sir 
 Nich. Lovaine. It has been for feme 
 time in the name and family of Eve- 
 lyn, the firft of whom that purchafed 
 it, father to Sir John Evelyn, was 
 in his time the only maker of gun- 
 powder in England ; and when Sir 
 John came to it himfelf, he built 
 a houfe upon it, which coft him 
 9000 /. 
 
 GODSTOW, (Oxf.) ftands on the 
 "N. W. fide of Oxford, in a fort of 
 ifland formed by the divided ftreams 
 of the Ifis, after being joined by the 
 Evenlode, and is a famous place for 
 catching of nih and dreffing them. 
 Here are the ruins of that nunnery 
 which fair Rofamond quitted for the 
 embraces of Henry II. Her piclure 
 is to be feen againft the wall, and 
 the people fliew a great hole in the 
 earth here, where, they fay, is a 
 fubterraneous paflage, which goes 
 under the river to Woodftock, by 
 which fhe ufed to pafs and repafs. 
 She was buried in the choir of the 
 Ch. here. 
 
 GOG M AG OG-HitLS, (Camb.) 
 near Balfham and Newmarket, has a 
 feat of Earl Godolphin, whither he 
 often comes, efpecially in the hunt- 
 ing leafon, from whence there is a 
 profpeft of a rich pleafant vale to 
 the W. and of Cambridge itfelf, at 
 a greater diftance. On the top of 
 thefe hills there feems to have been 
 aaciently feme carap OK fortification, 
 
 in the area of which, K. James IT. 
 had a fpacious ftable built for his 
 running-horfes. 
 
 GOLDCLIFF, (Montn.) on the S. 
 fide of the Co. where the land rifes, 
 bet. the moor and the Severn fea, 
 oppofite to Somerfetrtiire, is fo called, 
 becaufe the ftones here, when the 
 fun fliines, look of a bright gold co- 
 lour. Here are feme remains of an 
 old priory, founded by one of the fa- 
 mily of Chandos. 
 
 GOLDEN-VALE, (Here/,) extends 
 W. of Hereford, along the banks of 
 the Dove, or Doier, with hills all 
 about it covered with woods, and has 
 its name from its fertility, and the 
 yellow livery of flowers which it wears 
 in the fpring. The wool here, as 
 well as about Leominfter and Wig- 
 more, is reckoned as fine as any in 
 England. 
 
 GONALSTON, (Nott.) on the 
 S. E. fide of Shcrwood-Foreft, was a 
 manor held anciently by the Peve- 
 rells, and pafled through feveral fa- 
 milies to the Pierpoints, of whom 
 Sir Henry fold it to Mr. Monox, an 
 aid. of London, whofe pofterity did 
 feme time ago, if they do not /till, 
 enjoy it. Here was an ancient cha- 
 pel, chantry, or hof. which, thro' 
 many patents of concealment, has 
 been continued fince the Did", by the 
 name of Gonalfton-Spittle. Here is 
 a fmall ch. fc. 
 
 GOODLEIGH, (Devon,} on a brook 
 not far from Sherwell, is a p. abound- 
 ing with corn and grafs, and the prime 
 place in this Co. for black cherries. 
 It was anciently the manor of the 
 Giftards, the Brewers, then of John 
 de Stanton, from whofe heirs it de- 
 fcended to Dennis and Crewkern, 
 and is now, or was lately, the eftate 
 of the Carys. The Acklands have 
 had lands here for a long time* 
 
 GOODRICH, (Here/.) ftands on 
 the Wye, 3 m. from Rofs and Mon- 
 mouth. Its caftle was once the chief 
 feat of the ancient and noble family 
 cf the Talbots, and 1 afterwards of the 
 Grays Ds, of Kent. The manor, 
 T 3 with.
 
 G O 
 
 G O 
 
 with the lands, tenements, quit- 
 rents, &c, and a fine falmon-fifliery 
 on the fame ftream, and very con- 
 fiderable iron-works, are together of 
 the yearly value of 500 /. 
 
 GOODWIN-SANDS, (Kent") near 
 the Ille of Thanet, were lands that 
 bel. formerly to Godwin Earl of 
 Kent, father of K. Harold, and be- 
 ing low ground, were defended from 
 the fea by a great wall, which 
 wanted conftant care to uphold. 
 This trat was afterwards given to 
 St. Auftin's mon. near Canterbury, 
 \vhofe abbot negleiling the wall, 
 while he was eager in building Ten- 
 terden fteeple, the fea broke in and 
 drowned the faid lands, leaving the 
 fands upon it, which have proved fo 
 dangerous to failors. They lie bet. 
 the N. and S. Forelands, and run 
 parallel with the fhore for 3 leagues 
 together, at about a league or a league 
 and a half diftance from it, and are 
 dry at low-water. They break ail 
 the force of the fea on the E. S. 
 and S. W. and thereby make the 
 Downs a tolerable road ; yet when 
 the wind blows very hard at S. E. 
 I. by N. or E. N. E. ihips are driven 
 from their anchors, and are often 
 forced on thefe fands, or elfe into 
 Sandwich-Bay or Ramfgate-Pier. 
 
 COPS HALL- GRANGE, (Leic.) on 
 the N. W. fide of Bofwcrth, was in 
 the poffefiion of the anceftors of Sir 
 John Lar.gham, from the time of 
 Rich. II. toQ^Eliz. 
 
 GORAMBURY, (Hartf.) near St. 
 Albans, bel. to its abbey in 1161, 
 when its abbot was Robert de Gor- 
 ham, from whom it probably had the 
 name. After the DiiT. K. Hen. VIII. 
 granted the manor to Sir Ralph Row- 
 let, who fold it to Sir Nich. Bacon, 
 whofe fon, the Ld. Verulam, con- 
 veyed it to his fecretary, Sir Thomas 
 Meautyf, whofe widow marrying Sir 
 Harbotde Grimfton, Bt. he had it 
 by her for her life, and bought the 
 reversion of the heir, Mr. Hercules 
 Meautys ; fo that it is defcended in 
 Sir Harbottle's family, to the prefent 
 Ld, Vifc. Grimfton, Here is a fta- 
 
 tue of K. Hen. VIII. and in St. Mi- 
 chael's Ch. is the monument erected 
 by Sir Tho. Meautys, in memory of 
 his great matter and patron. 
 
 GORING, (Ox/".) on the Thames, 
 bet. Reading and Wallingford, where 
 the Roman highway, called Ikenild- 
 Street, goes out of this Co. into 
 Berks, had formerly a nunnery. 
 
 GORLSTON, (Stiff.) by the fea- 
 fide, near Yarmouth, where, in Cam- 
 den's time, was a fteeple, or tower, 
 which was a fea-mark. He fuppofed 
 it to have been part of fome dillblved 
 mon. but this does not appear fiom 
 the authors who have treated pro- 
 fefiedly of the religious houfes. 
 
 fc^* GOSPORT, (Hamf.) in the 
 p. of Alverftock, has a ferry over 
 the mouth of the harbour to Portf- 
 mouth, and is moftly inhabited by 
 the failors and their wives, and the 
 warrant officers. 'Tis a large T. 
 and of great trade, efpecially in time 
 of war. Travellers chufe to lodge 
 here, where every thing is cheaper 
 and mere commodious for them than 
 at Portfmouth. The mouth of the 
 harbour, which is not fo broad here 
 as the Thames at Weftminfter, is 
 fecured on this fide by 4 forts, and a 
 platform of above 20 cannon, level 
 with the water. Here is a noble hof. 
 building for the cure of the fick and 
 wounded failors in the fervice of the 
 navy j befides a fr. fc. and the Mt. is 
 on 5. 
 
 GOTHAM, (Nott.) in the S. W. 
 angle of the Co. noted for nothing 
 fo much as the ridiculous fable of the 
 "wife men here, who, 'tis faid, went 
 about to hedge in a cuckoiv. Whnt 
 original it had does not appear, tho' 
 at Court-Hill in this p. there is a 
 bufli called Cuckow-Buih. The ma. 
 nor bel. anciently to the Beaumcnts 
 Earls of Leicefter, who had a cafHe 
 here. The family of Dives were Lds. 
 of this T. in the R. of Henry II. 
 and held it to the time of Edw. III. 
 It went thence by marriage to the fa- 
 mily of St. Andrew, who were Lds. 
 of it till the R. of K. Cha. 1. when 
 for want of iffue-male it went by 
 mar-
 
 G O 
 
 TO 
 
 G R 
 
 marriage to Gefvafe Piggot, Efq; of 
 Thrumpton, from whom it has de- 
 fended to his pofterity. 
 
 ^> COUDHURST, (Kent] 40 cm. 
 48 mm. from London, is near Cran- 
 brook in the road from Tunbridge. 
 It was the ancient patrimony of the 
 Bedgburies, one of whom procured 
 the Mt. here on W. but pafled by 
 marriage to Thomas Colepeper, in 
 whofe family it continued till very 
 lately. Its Ch. was fo impaired by 
 a ftorm of thunder and lightning, 
 Aug. 23, 1637, that its tall fteeple 
 was forced to be pulled down, and 
 though a brief was granted for the 
 repair of both, the fleeple was be- 
 gun, but not finished, and only a 
 fmall wooden top was fet on the 
 ftone-work, and one great bell put 
 in it. Here is a Fair Aug. 15. 
 
 GRACE-DIEU, (Lac.) bet. A/hby 
 de la Zouch and Loughborough, had 
 formerly a nunnery, which at the 
 DifT. was granted by Hen. VIII. to 
 Sir Hum. Fofter ; but was afterwards 
 alienated to John Beaumont, Efq; to 
 a younger branch of whofe family it 
 does, or did lately, belong. 
 
 GRAFTON, (Wore.) half a m. 
 from Bromfgrove, bel. anciently to 
 the Talbots Earls of Shrewfbury, and 
 is a manor free from tithes and p. 
 taxes. 
 
 GR AFTON-REGIS, (Nortbamp.) 
 on the r. Tove, that runs from Tow - 
 cefter to the Oufe, is near 8 m. from 
 Northampton. It was held in capite 
 of K. Edw. III. by John Seymour, 
 by the fervice of keeping one of the 
 K's. white brackets, (or beagles) 
 having red ears. It afterward be- 
 came the feat of the Wydvils, of 
 whom was Richard Earl Rivers, in 
 the R. of Edw. IV. The manor- 
 houfe, and Whittlewood-Chace ad- 
 ioining, bel. in the laft century to 
 Sir Will. Hatton. This village was 
 by ftatute made a member of the 
 honour of Ampthill, and has given 
 the title of Duke to the Fitzroys, 
 ever fince K. Charles II. fo created 
 Hen. Fitzroy, his natural fon by the 
 
 Duchefs of Cleveland ; and is the feat 
 of the prefent Duke. 
 
 GRAFTON-ARDKNS, ( War<w. ) 
 bet. Aukefter and Stratford upoa 
 Avon, was anciently called Little or 
 Lower- Grafton, to diftinguifti it from 
 its neighbour, Temple or Upper- 
 Grafton, and had the furname Ar- 
 dens, from one of that name, who 
 bought it of the Graftons, in the R. 
 of K. John, and whofe family held 
 it a long time. It being purchafed of 
 the Ardens heirs, this hamlet came 
 into the hands of Edw. I. who gave 
 it to the monks of Weftminfter, for 
 the celebration of the anniverfary of 
 his Q^ Eleanor's interment in the 
 abbey. At the Diff. K. Hen. VIII. 
 fold it, with Temple. Grafton, to 
 Will. Sheldon and John Draper. 
 
 GR AFTON-TBMPLE, above- 
 mentioned, is faid to have been given 
 early to the abbey of Evefham } but 
 it was in lay hands Jong before 
 William the Conqueror, who took 
 it from them, and gave it to fome of 
 his followers. It afterwards bel. to 
 the Kts. Hofpitallers, who held it 
 of the Earls of Warwick, by the 
 fervice of one Kt's. fee. 
 
 ~){. GRAMPOUND, ( Cornwall ) 
 206 cm. 251 mm. from London, has 
 a bridge over the r. Vale, or Fale. 
 It was made a Bor. in the R. of 
 Edw. III. whofe brother, John of Ej- 
 tham, g-anted its burghers the whole 
 Vale of Gi am pound, and all the 
 lands of Coytfala, or Falawood, 
 which is the name at this day of 
 fome lands near the T. and within the 
 precincts of the Bor. Some think that 
 this T. is the Voluba of the ancients, 
 becaufe it ftands on the fame r. and 
 that on the building of the bridge, it 
 was changed into Grandpont. By 
 K. Edward Ill's charter it was en- 
 dowed with large privileges, parti- 
 cularly freedom from toll through all 
 Cornwall, a Mt. on Tu. and Fairs 
 on the days of St. Peter and St. Bar- 
 nabas, &c. all which the burgeffes 
 hold of the duchy of Cornwall, in 
 fee-farm, at the rent of about twelve 
 guineas,
 
 G R 
 
 guineas, and were confirmed by K. 
 Hen. VIII. but it did not fend mem- 
 bers to Pt. till the R. of Edw. VI. 
 'Tis a coif, with a mayor, 8 ma- 
 giftrates, a recorder, and town-clerk. 
 The mayor is chofe annually the 
 Tii. before Michaelmas, and the mem- 
 bers by the majority of the magi- 
 ftrates and freemen, who are fuch of 
 the inh. as pay fcot and lot. There is 
 a chapel of eafe in the T. to the p. 
 Ch. which is at Creed, about a 
 quarter of a m. off. The Mt. which 
 is a very fmall one, is now kept on 
 5. Here is a onfiderable mf. of 
 gloves. 
 
 GRANBOROUGH, (Wariu."] near 
 Willoughby and the r. Leam, bel. 
 anciently to the pricrys of Coventry, 
 and Ronton in Stafford/hire ; but 
 came, after the Diff. to the Knight- 
 leys ; and in 1640, it bel. part to 
 Hugh Audley, and part to Mr. John 
 Hill. 
 
 GRANCESTER, (Comb.) on the 
 Cam, S. of Cambridge. In Bede's 
 time it was a fmall defolate city, and 
 now it is but a little village. Part 
 of it was fettled by Henry VI. upon 
 the college, which he built, and 
 called King's-College. , 
 
 GRAXDEY, (Nott.} on the S.E. 
 fide of Bingham, was anciently the 
 feat of the Lds. Deincourt, from 
 wnofe family it pafled in the R. of 
 Henry VI. to William Ld. Love], 
 \vhofe defcendant, Francis Ld. Lovcl, 
 forfeiting it by his treafons againft 
 Hen. VII. that K. granted this ma- 
 nor to Sir John Savage, whofe de- 
 fcendant, the Ld. Vifc. Savage, fold 
 it to Sir John Manners, the anceftor 
 of the prefent D. of Rutland, to 
 whom it gives the title of Marquis. 
 Here was anciently a Mt. as there is 
 ftill a Fair Nov. I. 
 
 GRANSDEN -LITTLE, ( Comb. ) 
 lies to the S. E. of Great-Granfden, 
 is a manor worth about 250 /. a year, 
 and was the late Mr. Pindar's. 
 
 :fc GRANT HAM, (Line.} 85001. 
 104 mm. from London, is a neat po- 
 pulous T, with abundance of very 
 
 G R 
 
 good inns of great refort, on the N, 
 road, and the r. Witham. It is fup- 
 pofed to have been a Roman T. by 
 the remains of a cafile which have 
 been formerly dug up here ; and be- 
 fore the Ref. had many religious- 
 houfes, of fome of which the ruins 
 are ftill to be feen. It is governed by 
 an aid. and 12 juftices of the peace, 
 a recorder, a coroner, an efcheator, 
 12 fecond-twelve men, who are of 
 the C. C. and 12 conftables to attend 
 the court, and is efteemed rich. 
 Here is a fine large Ch. with a ftone 
 fpire, one of the loftieft in England, 
 being 280 foot high, which, by the 
 deception of the fight, feems to ftar.d 
 awry. Here is a good fr. fc. built 
 and endowed by Rich. Fox Bp. of 
 Winchefter, a native of this place, 
 where Sir Ifaac Newton received his 
 firft education, befides 2 ch. fcs. It 
 gives title of Earl to Henry d'Auver- 
 querque, fo created by K. Will. III. 
 The Mt. here is on S. Fairs the firft 
 M. in Lent, Eoly-1'h. St. Peter 1 s- 
 ffay, Sept, 6, and OEiober 1 5. On 
 the neighbouring courfe are frequent 
 horfe-races. 
 
 GBATELEY, (Hamfjb.) on the 
 S.E. fide of Quarley-Hill, in the 
 road from Andover to Salisbury, is 
 the place where, in 926, K. Athel- 
 ftan held a grand council of the no- 
 bility. Mr. auditor Benfon has built 
 a remarkable houfe here. 
 
 (C3 3 GRAVESEND, (Kent] 20 cm. 
 22 mm. from London, is oppoiite to 
 Tilbury-Fort in Eflex. It was an- 
 ciently the manor of the Lds. Cob- 
 ham, till one of them having bv 
 treafon forfeited it to the crown, it 
 was given to the D. of Lenox. Its 
 Mts. which are on W. and . and 
 its Fair, of a week from Off. 13, 
 were granted by K. Edward III. In 
 the R. of Rich. II. the French and 
 Spaniards came up the Thames, burnt 
 and plundered it, and carried away 
 moft of the people. To compenfate 
 the T. for this lofs, the abbot of 
 St. Mary le Grace on Towerhill, to 
 whom Rici, IJ, bad granted a manor 
 u),
 
 G R 
 
 G R 
 
 bel. to Gravefend, called Parrocks, 
 obtained, that the inh. of this place 
 and Milton fliould have the fole privi- 
 lege of carrying paffengers by water, 
 from hence to London at 4*. the 
 whole fare, or 2 d. a head 5 which 
 v/ns confirmed by Hen. VIII. who 
 allb raifed z platforms here, and at 
 Milton ; but now the fare is 6 d. a 
 head in the tilt-boat, and i s. in the 
 wherry. The former muft not take 
 in above 40 paffengers, the latter no 
 more than 10. Coaches ply here at 
 the landing of people from London, 
 Gfc. to carry them to Rochefter. 
 This T. and Milton were incorpora- 
 ted by Q^Eliz. by the name of the 
 portreeve (now the mayor) jurats, 
 and inhs. of Cravefend and Milton : 
 And, as Gravefend is the place where 
 rnoft paffengers through Kent from 
 foreign parts take boat for London, 
 that Q._in order to (hew the grandeur 
 of the metropolis of her Km. or- 
 dered the lord- mayor, aid. and city 
 companies to receive all ambafladors 
 and eminent Grangers here, in their 
 formalities, and to attend them to 
 London in barges, if by water j and 
 if they chofe to come by land, they 
 were to meet them oh horfeback at 
 Blackheath in their livery-gowns. In 
 the E. pait of the T. there remains 
 the body of an old chapel, fuppofed 
 to have bel. to fome mon. The Ts. 
 for feveral ms. round, are fupplied 
 from hence with garden fluff; of 
 which great quantities are alfo fent 
 to London, where the afparagus of 
 Gravefend is preferred to that of Bat- 
 terfea. All outward-bound fhips are 
 obliged to anchor in this road, till 
 they have been vifited by the cuftom- 
 houfe officers ; and for this purpofe, 
 a centinel at the block-houfe fires a 
 mu/ket; but the homeward-bound all 
 pafs by without notice, unlcfs it be to 
 put waiters on board, if they are not 
 fupplied before. As the outward- 
 bound generally take in provifions 
 here, the place is full of lea-men who 
 are all in a hurry. The whole T. 
 being burnt down in 17271 5000 /. 
 
 was granted by the Pt. in 1731, fo r 
 rebuilding its Ch. as one of the 50 
 new ones. In 1624, one Mr. Pin- 
 nock gave 21 d welling- houfes rKre, 
 betides one for a mafter weaver to em- 
 ploy the poor ; and here is a ch. fc. 
 for 24 boys, who are both taught and 
 cloathed. Befidcs the above-men- 
 tioned Fair, here are two others, -vix, 
 Jan. 25 and April 23 j and here is a 
 fifli Mt. on Sunday morning. 
 
 GaAYfcs-CouRT, (Oxf.) on the 
 N. W. fide of Henley upon Thames, 
 was the ancient manor and feat of the 
 Lds. Greys of Rotherfield ; from 
 whom it went by marriage to the 
 Deincourts, and from thence by mar- 
 riage alfo to the family of Ld. Lovel. 
 But Francis Ld. Lovel, being attainted 
 in the R. of Hen. VII. that K. gave 
 it to Jafper E. of Pembroke and D. 
 of Bedford, half-brother to K. Hen. 
 VI. After his death, K. Hen. VIII. 
 granted a leafe of it to Rob. Knolles, 
 as he did the fee of it afterwards to 
 Francis his fon, from whom def- 
 cended the Es. of Banbury. 
 
 17 cm. 19 mm. from London, is fo 
 called from its ancient Lds. the Grays 
 of Codnor in Derbyfliire ; one cf 
 whom obtained a charter for a Mt. 
 on F. which is now kept on Th. and 
 a Fair on June 28 and 29. Since his 
 time, a other Fairs are held here, one 
 on May 12 and 13, the other 0t. 9 
 and 10. Its Mt. is a very good one 
 for corn and cattle. 
 
 GH AYSTOCK-CASTLE, (Cuttb.) 
 
 on the r. Peterel, to the W. of Pen- 
 rith, is the ancient manor and feat of 
 the Ds. of Norfolk, to whom it 
 came by marriage with the heireffes 
 general of George Ld. Dacres and Gil- 
 lifland; whofe anceftor Tho. Ld. Da- 
 cres had it in the R. of Hen. VII. by 
 marriage with a daughter of Ralph 
 Ld. Grayftock. 
 
 GRAY-WETHERS, ( ffi/tt ) on 
 Marlborough-Dovvns, are loofe ftones 
 fo called, becaufe they appear to tra- 
 vellers at a diftance like ftraggling 
 flieep. They are a fort of white mar- 
 ble
 
 G R 
 
 G R 
 
 tic, and lye on the furface of the 
 ground in infinite numbers, and of all 
 dimensions. Dr. Stukely tliinks they 
 have lain here ever fince the crea- 
 tion ; and that they were foiid parts, 
 thrown out to the furface of the 
 fluid globe, when its rotation was 
 firft in-rarefied. 
 
 GREATABRIDGE, (Tork. N. R.) 
 near Rookby, and not far from Bowes, 
 has been a camp of the Romans, 
 whofe coins are often found here. 
 
 GREENBURV, (Hartf.) in the p. 
 of Barley, bel. formerly to Anglefey- 
 Abbey in Cambridgeshire ; but at the 
 Diff. Edw. VI. gave it to Sir Rob. 
 Chefter ; and it was fometime ago the 
 eftate of Rob. Bowes, Efq; from whom 
 it came by marriage to Mr. Feltham, 
 father of the late, if not the prefent 
 owner. By the cuftom of this ma- 
 nor, all copyhold lands defcend after 
 the cuftom of Burrough-Englifh. 
 
 GREENFORD, (Midd.) in the vale 
 9. m. S. of Harrow on the Hill, is 
 fometimes written Gernford, as in 
 Mr. Norden's map. It bel. fo early 
 as Edw. the Conf 's. time to Weft- 
 minfter-Abbey ; but after the Ref. it 
 was granted to the Bp. of London, 
 and his fucceffors, for ever. 
 
 GREENHAUGH, (Lane.) on the 
 r. Wyr, almoft oppofite to Garftang, 
 had a caftle built by Tho. Stanley, the 
 firft E. of Derby. 
 
 f^ 3 GREENWICH, (Kent') 5 cm. 
 6mm. from London, has been the 
 birth place and feat of feveral of our 
 monarchs. Q._ Mary and Q^Eliz. 
 were born here, and K. Edw. VI. 
 died here. Their palace was firft 
 erected by Humphry D. of Glocefter, 
 who named it Placentia, and began 
 the tower on the top of the fteep hill 
 in the park, which was finished by 
 Hen. VII. but afterwards demolished, 
 and a royal obfervatory creeled in its 
 place by K. Cha. II. furnifhed with 
 mathematical inftruments for aftrono- 
 micaL obfervations, and a deep dry 
 well for obfcrving the ftars in the day- 
 time. The palace was inlarged by 
 Hen. VII. but compleated by Hen, 
 
 VIII. This being afterwards much 
 negleded, K. Ch. II. who -had en- 
 larged the park, walled it about, and 
 planted it, pulled it down, and began 
 another, of which he lived to fee the 
 firft wing magnificently finifhed. But 
 K.Will. III. granted it, with 9 acres 
 of ground thereto bel. to be converted 
 into a royal hof. for old and difabled 
 feamen, the widows and children of 
 thofe who loft their lives in the fer- 
 vice, and for the encouragement of 
 navigation. The wing, which coft 
 K. Cha. 36,000 /. is now the firft 
 wing of the hof. towards London 9 
 and fuch progrefs is made in the fecond 
 wing, and the other parts of this 
 fumptuous edifice, that there is fcarce 
 fuch a foundation and fabric in the 
 whole world. Its noble hall wat 
 finely painted by the late Sir James 
 Thornhill. At the upper end, in an 
 alcove, are the late Pfs. Sophia, K. 
 Geo. I. the Q^dowager of Prufiia, our 
 late Q. Caroline, his prefent Majefty, 
 the Pr. of Wales, the Duke, and 
 their 5 Royal Sifters. On the ciel- 
 ing, over that alcove, are the late Q. 
 Anne and Pr. George of Denmark: 
 On the cieling of the hall are K. 
 William III. and Q^ Mary; and 
 there is a fine ftatue of K. Geo. II. 
 on a pedeftal, in the area fronting its 
 noble terrace by the Thames. In the 
 year 1705 was the firft admiflion of 
 loo difabled feamen into this hof. 
 which is now augmented to 900 men 
 and 90 boys. To every hundred pen- 
 fioners 6 nurfes are allowed, who are 
 to be feamens widows at 10 /. a year, 
 and 2 s. a week more to thofe who 
 attend in the infirmary. The penfi- 
 oners, befides their commons, are al- 
 lowed i j. a week to fpend, and the 
 common warrant-officers 15. 6 d. 
 The feveral benefactions to this noble 
 charity, which appear in tables hung 
 up at the entrance of the hall, amount 
 to 58,209 /. And in the year 1732, 
 the late E. of Derwentwater's for- 
 feited eftate, amounting to near 6000 /. 
 a year, was given to it by Pt. Its p. 
 Ch. lately rebuilt, as one of the 50 
 new
 
 G R 
 
 G R 
 
 mew ones, is a very handfome ftruc- 
 ture ; and here are z ch. fcs. There 
 is alfo a handfome college, at the end 
 of the T. fronting the Thames, for 
 the maintenance of zo decayed old 
 houfe-keepers, 12 out of Greenwich, 
 and 8 who are to be prefented alternate- 
 ly from Snottifliam andCaftle-Rifmg in 
 Norfolk, or elle from Bungay in Suf- 
 folk. This is called the D. of Nor- 
 folk's Coll. but was founded and 
 well endowed, in 1613, by James 
 Howard D. of Norfolk's brother, 
 Henry E. of Northampton (on whom 
 K. James I. beftowed the old palace) 
 by the name of Trinity-Hof. and by 
 him committed to the care of the 
 Mercers company in London. The 
 penfioners, befides victuals and drink, 
 are allowed 18 d. a week for necefla- 
 ries, with a gown every year, linen 
 once in z years, and hats once in 4 
 years. Mr. Lambard, author of the 
 perambulation of Kent, alfo built a 
 hof. here in 1560, called Q._ Eliz's. 
 Coll. (in which are 20 poor) faid to 
 be the firft hof. of the kind built by 
 an Engliih proteftant. The T. con- 
 tains 1350 houfesj and a Mt. on W. 
 and 5. waserefted here in 1737, the 
 direction of which is in the governors 
 of the royal hof. to which the profits 
 arifing from it were to be appropri- 
 ated. This T. firft gave title of 
 peerage in the R. of Q^ Anne, who 
 created the late D. of Argyle, brother 
 to the prefent, an Englifh peer, with 
 the titles of D. and E. of Greenwich. 
 The manor bel. formerly to St. Pe- 
 ter' s-Abbey at Ghent in Flanders, 
 and afterwards to the Carthufian 
 priory at Shene in Surry, till Hen. 
 VIII. annexed it to the crown. That 
 which is properly the palace here is 
 but final], and converted into apart- 
 ments for the governor of the royal 
 hof. and the ranger of Greenwich- 
 Pavk, which is well ftock'd with 
 deer, and has a noble and moft de- 
 lightful profpeft of the city of Lon- 
 don, and of the Thames. This 
 is the chief harbour for the K's. 
 yatchts. 
 
 GR EET HAM, (Rut!.} near Cottef- 
 more, was purchafed of Geo. Villars, 
 the laft of the name, D. of Bucks, 
 by the late Daniel E. of Notting- 
 ham. 
 
 GREETON, (Gloc.} late Mr. Tra- 
 cy's manor, has a chapel of cafe to 
 Winchcomb ; to whofe abbey part of 
 the tithes formerly bel. and the other 
 part to Tewfkbury- Abbey. 
 
 GREETWELL, (Line.) im. from 
 Lincoln, was late the manor of Rich. 
 Lely, Efq; and confifts of above iioo 
 acres at 70 /. a year, held by leafe, 
 for 3 lives, of the D. and C. of Lin- 
 coln. 
 
 GR ENDON, (Wanv.) on the S. E. 
 fide of Polefworth, and 4 m. from 
 Caldecot on the fame fide of the An- 
 ker, bel. once to a family of the fame 
 name, and fince to the Chetwinds. 
 Its Ch. was originally a chapel bel. to 
 Orton on the Hill. 
 
 GRESHAM, (Norf,} near Cromer, 
 and bet. Baconfthorp and Felbrigg, 
 gave name to the anceftors of Sir 
 Tho. Greiham (founder of the Royal- 
 Exchange London , Grdham-Coll. 
 V.) who was born here. 
 
 GRESLEY-CHURCH, (Derby) on 
 the S. fide of the Co. W. of AlLby 
 de la Zouch, had formerly a ca(H<s 
 and a mon. built by the Lds. of the 
 T. who were of the fame name. 
 
 GRESSENHALL, (Norf.) on the 
 N. W. fide of Eaft-Dereham, for- 
 merly bel. to the Foliots, then to the 
 Haftings of Abergavenny, and after- 
 wards to Hamon Je Strange. 
 
 GRES THORP, (Nott.) totheS.E. 
 ofTuxford, was not very long ago 
 the manor of Mr. Daniel, who fold 
 it to Edw. Phirmey. In the popi(h 
 times, here was a chapel, which be- 
 ing after the Ref. ufed only as a bain 
 and cottage, Q-_Eliz. gave it to Alex. 
 Rigby and PercivalGunfton, and their 
 heirs j and there being 16 acres of 
 prieft-land bel. to it, they were given 
 to the faid Gunfton and John Sonki-y. 
 
 CKZTtfAM,(Dtirbam) bet. Stock- 
 ton and Hartlepoo], where Robert 
 Stitchel, Bp. of Durham, founded an
 
 G R 
 
 G R 
 
 hof. and endoved it with the forfeited 
 eftate of Simon de Montfort E. of 
 Lekefter. 
 
 GRETLAND, (Turk. W.R.) on a 
 hil] S. of the Calder, not far from 
 Halifax, where was formerly dug up a 
 votive altar, confecrated to the tutelar 
 god of the city of the Brigantes. 
 
 GREYsi.EY,(AVf.)on theN.W. 
 fide of Nottingham, formerly bel. to 
 the Cantelupes, in \vhofe time the 
 manfion-houfe was embattelled and 
 called a caftle. From them it def- 
 cended to the Zouches ; and by for- 
 feiture of William Ld. Zouch came 
 to the crown, in the R. of Hen. VII. 
 who granted it to Sir John Savage, 
 anceftor of the E. of Rivers ; of 
 \vhom it was purchafed by Sir John 
 Manners, snceftor of the prelent D. 
 of Rutland. 
 
 GRIFFO, (Warw.) nearArdbury, 
 bel. anciently to the Sudleys, then to 
 the Butlers. In the R. of Edw. IV. 
 it was Sir John Norbury's manor ; 
 and pafled by marriage of his grand- 
 daughter to Sir Edm. Bray, in the R. 
 of Q^ Mary, as it did afterwards by 
 the fame means to Tho. Lifield, and 
 was fold to John Giffoid of Chilling- 
 ton in Stafford/hire; whofe grandfon, 
 about the beginning of the laft cen- 
 tury, conveyed the manor to Sir John 
 Nevvdigate, and the demefnes to Ld. 
 Keeper Coventry ; by whofe pofterity 
 they were lately, if they are not ftill, 
 enjoyed. 
 
 GRILSTON, (Devon.) in the p. of 
 Nemer-Bifhcps, had Lds. of its own 
 name, from the R. of K. John to 
 Rich. II. and was lately, if it be not 
 ftill, the eftate of the Pollards. 
 
 GRIMLIY, (Wore.} on ths N. W. 
 fide of Worcefter. Its manor (with 
 Hallow its chape!) being Bp's. land, 
 v.-as fold, by order of Pt. in 1 648, to 
 John Corbet, Efq; for 3734/. 
 
 % GRIMSEY, (Line.) half am. 
 from the H umber, 124 cm. 158 mm. 
 from Lender., is faid to be the feccnd, 
 if not the firft, ccrp. in England. It 
 had anciently 3 convents and a caftle. 
 'Tis governed by a mayor, high- 
 
 fteward, recorder, 12 aid. 12 C.C. 2 
 bailiffs, 2 coroners, a town-clerk, and 
 3 ferjeants at mace. The mayor holds 
 a court here on Tu. and the bailiff's is 
 on F. Here are fevei al ftreets of good 
 houfes, and a Ch. that looks like a 
 cathedral ; and it was a place of very 
 gcod trade, bef6re its harbour was 
 choaked up, yet the road before it is 
 a good ftation for fhips, that wait for 
 a wind to get out to fea. Its chief 
 trade is in coals and fait brought by 
 the Humber. The Mts. are on W. 
 and 5. the Fairs May 6 and Aug. 24. 
 K. Hen. VIII. gave the lands, bel. to 
 the convents here, to Trinity-CoLl. 
 Cambridge. 
 
 GR i MS THOR T,(LiKC.) near Bourn 
 in the road to Fokingham. Here it 
 was, that Cha. Brandon D. of Suf- 
 folk raifed a palace all on a fudden, 
 for the entertainment of K. Hen. 
 VIII. in his progrefs into thefe parts. 
 1'he hall was adorned with a fuit of 
 hangings, which the D. had by his 
 wife, Mary the French Q._ which is 
 in the poffeffion of the D. of Ancaf- 
 ter, who has a feat here, with a fine 
 park, and a delightful lawn on which 
 there is an annual horfe-race. In the 
 midft of the park are ftill to be feen 
 feme fmall ruins of Vaudy-Abbey, 
 founded in 1147. 
 
 GRINDON, (Staff'.) on the S. E. 
 fide of Leek, was a long while in 
 poffeflion of the Baffets, till pur- 
 chafed by the laft D. of Albemarle. 
 Dr. Plot fays this p. produces gieat 
 quantities of excellent marble, of a 
 white, hard, fhining grit, ftrip'd red, 
 which takes fo good a polifli, that it 
 is fit for chimney-pieces, monuments, 
 &c. 
 
 GRINGLZY ON THE HILL, 
 (Nott.) on the W. fide of Ganelbo- 
 rough, was anciently a part of the 
 royal manor of Mansfield, and alfo of 
 the manor of Tickhill. 'Tis a little 
 T. with a Fair Dec. 1 3, to which 
 fome b!ack cattle and fwine are 
 brought ; hut it is moft noted for 
 flioes, here being every year above 100, 
 and fome years near zoo ihoeroakers. 
 GBINC-
 
 G R G R 
 
 GRINGLEY-LITTI.E, (Nctt.) S. Gray to his anceftors honour, and 
 
 f the former, and to the E. of Red- created him Baron Gray of Groby j 
 
 ford, is in the p. of Clarebrough, but K. Charles I. made his grandlon 
 
 and bel. in part to the royal manor Earl of Stamford. It was ence a 
 
 of Dunham, and part to the Abp. of Mt. T. by the procurement of Henry 
 
 York. Ld. Ferrars, in the R. of Edw. III. 
 
 # GRINSTTD-EAST, (SuJJex) but it has been long difcontinued. 
 
 25 cm. 29 mm. from London, came, Here were alib a caftle and chapel, 
 
 after the R. of Edward III. to the The Earl of Stamford has a fine park 
 
 noble family of the Sackvilles, an- here. 
 
 ceftors to the D. of Dorfet, who had GROM BRIDGE, (Kent) has a cha- 
 
 great eftates in this Co. and one of pel of eafe to its p. Ch. at Speld* 
 
 them, -viz. Rob. Earl of Dorfet, built hurit, and bel. formerly to the Cob- 
 
 an hof. in the R. of K. James I. for hams, Clintons, &c. who procured 
 
 31 poor people of this T. and en- it a Mt. on Tb. now loft, and a Fair, 
 
 dowed it with 330 /. a year. 'Tis a which is ftill kept on May 6. 
 
 Bor. by prefcription, governed by a GROVE, (Hartf.) in the p. of 
 
 bailiff and his brethren, has fent bur- Watford, was for feveral generations 
 
 gefles to Pt. ever fince the ilT of the feat of the Heydons, and after- 
 
 Edw. II. who are elected by about wards of the Hamptons, till Hit 
 
 35 burgageholders j had a charter for Dennis fold it to Rob. Afhton, Efqj 
 
 a monthly Mt. from Hen. VII. and of Lincoln's-Inn. 
 
 is generally the place for the aflizes. GROVE, (Nott.) on the S. E. fide 
 
 The returning-officer here is the bai- of Redford, bel. very lately to the 
 
 iifi', who is chofe by a jury of burg- Nevils, and is now the feat of Will, 
 
 ageholders, at the D. of Dorfet's Levinz, ;q;, 
 
 court-leet. Its Mt. is on 77). and its G R o v r, (Kent'] in the p. of 
 
 Fairs, which are well frequented, arc Woodnefbcrough, bel. formerly ( 
 
 April 16, July 2, Sept. 25, and the Langleys, who conveyed it to Sir 
 
 N. 30, which laft is a great one John White, merchant of the flap!*, 
 
 for Wel/h runts, that are bought up from whom, by Mois and Everard, 
 
 here by the Kentifli and Suffex far- it came to Mr. James, 
 
 mers, and for fat hogs and other GROVIHURST, (Kent) in the p. 
 
 cattle. of Hawkhuerr, was for many ager 
 
 GRiNSTED-WEST,(Si//7e)above the eftate of a family ot" thas name,- 
 
 10 m. to the S. W. of Eaft-Grinfted, till it came by marn4ge& to the Hex- 
 
 and which is reckoned the moft con- tals and Whereohalis, one of whont 
 
 liderable manor, was, in the R. of fold it to Mr. Auftin. 
 
 Edw. III. the D. of Norfolk's, whofe GSOVE-PARK, (Warvo.} in thff 
 
 eftate being confiscated after his death, p. of Budirook, bel. anciently to tbo 
 
 this manor was fettled in fpecial tail Haftings family ; and in the R. o 
 
 on Tho. Ld. Delawar. Rich. II. to Tho. Beaucliamp Earl 
 
 GROBY, (Leic.) 5 m. from Lei- of Warwick, who built the lodge 
 
 cefter, on the N. fide of Leicefter- here, fuppofed to be that which is 
 
 Forefl, a rich large manor, which now the manor-houie. It continued 
 
 came by the Earls of Leicefter and in his pofterity till the R. of Hen. VII. 
 
 the Quincys to the Ferrars family, and then coming to the crown, wa 
 
 who were a long time Barons of by K. Edward VI. granted to John 
 
 Cicby, till it was conveyed by the Dudley Earl of Warwick, and his 
 
 marriage of a daughter to the Grays ; heirs ; after whcfe attainder it re-, 
 
 frpm whom it came by an attainder verted again to the crown. Q._ElJz. 
 
 to the crown, where it remained, difpofed of it to Robert Dudley Earl 
 
 v.Ji K. Jjmcs I. reftored Sir Henry of Lekeiler, and his heirs ; but he 
 
 U after-
 
 G R 
 
 TO 
 
 G U 
 
 afterwards parted it back to the Q^ It 
 came afterwards to Robert Ld. Dor- 
 mer, of Wing in Bucks, and was 
 lately enjoyed by the fole heirefs his 
 grand-daughter, Anne, the wife of 
 Sir John Curfon, of Waterperry in 
 Oxfordfhire. 
 
 GROVE-PLACE, (Kent) in the 
 p. of Staple, formerly the feat of the 
 Groves, paffed by marriage to St. 
 Nicholas, whofe defendants convey'd 
 it to Quilter, and he to Linen, in 
 whofe family it did lately, if it does 
 net {till, remain. 
 
 GRYMSTON, (Nut.) on the r. 
 Idle, N. W. of the. Markhams, was 
 anciently a part of the royal mangr 
 of Mansfield. In the R. of Hen. III. 
 it came to Hen. de Say, after having 
 pafled through the families of Foliot 
 and Bardolf. From the Says it went 
 by marriage to the family of Haftings, 
 who loon after releafed it to Sir Rob. 
 Clifton, and his heirs. 
 
 GUBBINS, or GOBIOXS, (Hart.) 
 on the W. fide of the r. Beane, near 
 Stapleford, bel. anciently to the Go- 
 bions, fince to the Botelers. 
 
 GUBBINS, orGosiovs, (Hart.) 
 nsar North-Mont, which had its 
 name from its ancient Ld. Sir Rich. 
 Gcbion, bel. in the R. of Hen. VII. 
 to the Mores, who had held it for 
 lereral generations, and it was then 
 called More-Hall ; but on the at- 
 tainder of Sir. Tho. More in-the R. 
 of K.. Hen. VIII. and the forfeiture 
 or" it thereby to the crown, it was 
 fe tied en Princefs, afterwards Q._ 
 Elizabeth, who held it to her death. 
 However, it came again into the fa- 
 mil , in the time of his defcendant, 
 Crefiacre More. It was afterwards 
 fold to Sir Edw. Defbouverie, whofs 
 fons fold it in 1697 to Mr. Pitch- 
 craft, a Blackwell-Hall fjftor, and 
 Mr. Pltchcraft to the late Sir Jeremy 
 Ssmbroke. The manor-houfe and 
 gardens here are very beautiful. 
 
 GlMLESBOROUGH, (NorthaWp.} 
 
 near Nafeby, has the traces of a Ro- 
 man camp, that are called Burrows, 
 which lies bet. die fprings of the 
 
 Nen and Avon. The T. flanJs on a 
 high hill, with a large profped every 
 way. Here is a fair fr. fc. which 
 was erected and endowed by Sir John 
 Langham, aid. of London. 
 
 GUILFORD, (Su/ex} called Eaft- 
 Guilford, near the harbour of Rye, 
 has a particular way of tithing their 
 marrti-lands : The tenants only pay 
 3 d. an acre to the rector, while th 
 lands continue pafture, but if they 
 plough them, they muft pay for the 
 tithe 5 s. per acre. 
 
 # GL-ILFORD, (Surry) 25 cm. 
 30 mm. from London, ftands on the 
 r. Wey, not" far from which are the 
 ruinous walls of an old caftle, this 
 having been in the Saxon times a 
 royai villa, where many of our Ks. 
 ufed to pafs the feftivals, and in par- 
 ticular K. Henry II. K. John, and 
 K. Edward III. kept their Chriftmas 
 here. It appears by Mr. Blount's ac- 
 count of ancient tenures, that ar.r.it 
 1234, and 1254, feme lands were 
 held here by the ferjeanty of keeping 
 meretrices (which" are interpreted 
 laundrefles) in the K's court, rented 
 at 251. a year, paid into the exche- 
 quer. Here is a corp. confirming of a 
 mayor, recorder, aid. fr. which has 
 fent members to Pt. ever fince Pts. had 
 a being. Its Mt. which is on 5. is 
 chiefly for corn, and its Fairs are on 
 Cood-F. dpril 23, and Nov. u. 
 The great road from London to Chi- 
 chefter and Portfmouth lies through 
 this T. which has always been fa- 
 mous for good ir.ns, the cleaneft of 
 linnen, and other excellent accom- 
 modations j and the aflizes are often 
 held here. Its mf. formerly was 
 cloth, of which here are ftill feme 
 fmall remains. Here is a fc. founded 
 by K. Edward VI. anJ ^n almlh. 
 founded by George Abbot Abp. of 
 Canterbury, and endowed by him 
 with lands worth 300 /. a year, of 
 which he ordered 100 /. to' be em- 
 ployed in fetting ths poor at work, 
 and the other 200 /. for the mainte- 
 nance of a mafter, 12 brethren, 2nd 
 8 fitters, who are to have a .<. 6 d. a
 
 G U 
 
 G U 
 
 week. The Abp's. birth-day, <v!%. 
 Oft. 29, is yearly commemorated in 
 it, and the Abp. of Canterbury is its 
 vifitor. There were 3 Chs. in this 
 T. but one of them fell down in 
 April J74O j and it has given title 
 to many of our nobility, particularly 
 Elizabeth, an Irifh Vilcountefs, who 
 was by K. Cha. II. created Countefs 
 of Guilford for life ; and John D. of 
 Lauderdale, \\hom he aiib created 
 Earl of Guilford ; as he did after- 
 wards Sir Francis North. Here were 
 formerly 2 or 3 convents, one of 
 which was not long ago the feat of 
 Dan. Cofwall, Efq; and had a de- 
 lightful park adjoining to it, the 
 pollution of the late Ld. Onflow. 
 Here are z ch. fes. for 30 boys 
 and 20 girls ; and a fine circular 
 courfe for horfe-matches, which be- 
 gin when the Newmarket races are 
 ended. K. William founded a plate 
 of 100 guineas, to be run for here 
 every May, and ufed to honour the 
 race with his prefence, as did once 
 the late K. Geo. I. The r. Wey is 
 made navigable to the T. and by it a 
 great quantity of timber is carried to 
 London, not only from this neigh- 
 bourhood, but from Suflex and Hamp- 
 fhire woods, above 30 m. off, from 
 whence it is brought hither in the 
 fummer by land carriage. This na- 
 vigation is alfo a great fupport to 
 Farnham Mt. a good deal of the 
 corn bought there being brought to 
 the mills on this r. within 7 m. di- 
 itance, and, after being ground and 
 dreiTed, is fent down in barges to 
 London. The road from hence to 
 Farnham is very remarkable, for it 
 runs along upon the ridge of a high 
 chalky hill, called St. Catherines, 
 no wider than the road itfelf, from 
 whence there is a furprizing profpefb, 
 uix. to the N. and N. W. over 
 Baglhot-Heath, and the ether way 
 into SufTex, and almoft to the South- 
 Downs ; in /hort, the profpedl to the 
 W. is as it were unbounded. On 
 this hill ftands the gallows, in fuch 
 a petition, that the T's. people may 
 
 fee the executions fiom the'r ftop- 
 doors in the high-ftreet. In this 
 neighbourhoood, on the left fide cf 
 the road leading to Godalming, are 
 alib the cutfide walls of that for- 
 merly called St. Catherine's- Chnpel, 
 that 'was built with a fort of t:!e, 
 which when broken has the appcdi - 
 ance of iron, and the cement of 
 them is fo hard, that it is in a man- 
 ner impenetrable. There is a crofs- 
 road from hence to London, by way 
 of Leatherhead or Epfom, over Ban- 
 lleii-Downs, which is not frequenUd 
 by coaches, or the common Itages, 
 and if not the neareft to London, is 
 by much the pleafanteft in this psrt 
 of England. The Epfom road, in 
 particular, is always good, being a 
 very hard gravel, 
 
 GUNFIELD, (Djr/I-f.) bet. Bland- 
 ford and Cramborn-Chace, 4m. from 
 Blandford, and 6 from Shaftfbury and 
 Cramborn, is noted for the nobl 
 houfe, gardens and park, being 3 m, 
 in com. the feat of George Dod 
 dington, Efq; called Eaftbury, for 
 the finishing of which, he had a 
 great eftate left him by his uncl 
 Mr. Doddington, who was one of 
 the Lds. and fecretary of the admi- 
 ralty, in the Rs. of K. William an* 
 Q^Anne. 
 
 GUNNALSBURY, (MidJ. ) bet. 
 Alon and Old-Brentford, was fuc- 
 ceflively the manor and feat of judg 
 Trowick, the Corbets, ferjeant May- 
 nard, and the Countcfs-dowager of 
 Suffolk, and of Ld. Hobart, the pre- 
 fent Earl of Buckingham/hire, of 
 whom it was purchafed by Henry 
 Furnefe, fq; who has an elegant 
 and noble ftrudture here, firft built 
 by Mr. Webb, fon-in-law to the fa- 
 mous Inigo Jones, on an afcent 
 which commands an extcnfive pro- 
 fpeft over the Thames into the Co. 
 of Surry, as well as a good view 
 of London and Middlefex, from its 
 grand portico at the back front, 
 which is fupported by (lately co- 
 lumns, as is alib its remarkable ball, 
 from whence there is an afcent by a 
 . U 3. noble
 
 G U 
 
 TO 
 
 H A 
 
 Jioble flight -of flairs, to a fak>n and 
 other rooms, adorned with the fined 
 f tapiltry and paintings, feme of 
 them capital pictures, placed there 
 fcy Mr. Furnefe. 
 
 GUNTHORP, {Nott.} near the 
 Trent, in the p. of Ludham, had a 
 -hapel of its own, -which K. John 
 granted, with Ludham Ch. to the 
 Abp. of Roan. 
 
 GUY'S-CLIFF, (Wamv.) a. great 
 cliff on the W. fide of the Ayon, 
 and the N. fide of Wanvkk, uhere, 
 in the Britons time, \vas aa oratory, 
 and in that of the Saxons, an her- 
 mitage, where Guy Earl of Warwick, 
 who is laid to have retired to it after 
 ii;s fatigues by the toils and pleafures 
 of the world, built a chapel, and 
 /.u-d with the hermit, and 
 . om thence it had the name. 
 r \ i;is hermitage was kept up to the 
 K.. of Henry VI. when Rich. Beau- 
 champ Earl of Warwick eitablifhed 
 a chantry here, and in memory of 
 th- famous Guy, erected n large ftj- 
 tue of him in the chapel here, 3 feet 
 in height, and raifed a roof over the 
 adjacent fprings. The chapel is in 
 the p. of St. Nicholas, in the fub- 
 inbs of Warwick, and was granted 
 fcy Q._E!i2. to John Coleburne, who 
 ibid it to Will. Hudfon of Warwick, 
 from whofe family it v.'ent, by mar- 
 riagc of his daughter, to Sir Thomas 
 licaufo of Emfcote, in whofe family 
 it was about 100 years ago. 
 
 G WORK ALL, UPPER and Low. 
 {$:ff.} in the p. of Sedgley, where 
 ftrir.dftones ?.re dug for thick-edged 
 tools, of which feme have proved as 
 good as the Derby ftones. 
 
 H A 
 
 HACCOMB, CrHtJCKJTAM, 
 (Devon.) near Chudleig.h and 
 the coaft, not far from Tingmouth, 
 came from a family of the fame name 
 to that of Archdeacon, then to Hugh 
 Courtney, and from thence by mar- 
 riage to the Carews. 
 
 HACH-BEAUCHAMP, (Som.} the 
 next p. to Curry-Mallet, the manor 
 and feat of a branch of the great fa- 
 mily of the Beauchamps, fo long ago 
 as the R. of Hen. II. one of whom 
 obtained a grant from K. Edw. I. of 
 a Mt. here on Tb. which hath been 
 long difufed, and a Fair at Mid- 
 futnmir. It has had the honour of 
 giving the titles both of Vifc. and 
 Baron to the D. of Somerfet, ever 
 fince Ken. VIII. en his marrying the 
 Lady Jane Seymour, fo created her 
 brother Edward. 
 
 HA'CJCNES, (York. E.R.) neajr 
 Whitby, wa; formerly a cell to its 
 abbey, and is cow the feat of Sir 
 Ph. Sydenharjj, Bt. 
 
 HACKNEY, (MM.} ontheN.E. 
 fide of London, bel, of old to its 
 Bp. till Bp. Ridley granted it to K. 
 Edward VI. his heirs and fucceflbrs, 
 for ever ; but he fcon gave it toTho. 
 Ld. Wentworth, in whofe family it 
 remained, till they alienated it ; and 
 it \vas not long ago in the hands of 
 Tho. Cook, Efqj. An old MS. fays, 
 it was given by K. Edward and his 
 council to Sir Will. Herbert ; and 
 there it is called part of the K's. 
 purchafed lands. London-Field in 
 thl. p. which was parcel of a mon. 
 without Bilhcpfgate, was given by 
 Hen. VIII. at* the Diff. to Sir Tho. 
 Dnrcy, in exchange for other lands. 
 Here are no Jefs than iz hamlets in 
 this p. and near ice coaches are kept 
 in it. At the bottom of Hackney- 
 Matih, through which the r. Lea 
 runs, bet. Old-Ford and the Wyck, 
 there have been difcovered within 
 thefe few years the remains of a great 
 ficr.e caufey, which, by the Reman 
 coinr, GV. fcur.d there, was no doubt 
 cne cf the firnciis highways made 
 by the Romans. Tho Ch. here is of 
 a very ancient foundation, fo eld as 
 Edw. II. and the number cf houfe* 
 near 700. That part next London 
 is called Mare-Street ; the mid die, 
 Church-Street 5 and the N. part 
 Claptcn ; Dcrlcficn and Shaklcwell 
 are on th W. and Hummertcn, 
 wbkh
 
 HA HA 
 
 whkh leads to the Marih, on the E. one of whom, -vix Arthur, was, in 
 Here are 3 mseting-houfes, and fix 1641, created by Cha. I. Baron Ca- 
 boarding-fcs. befides the fr. fc. in the pel of Hadham, and in the Ch. here 
 Ch.-yard, a ch. fc. and 17 almlhs. lie his defcenda; n, the Earls of E!- 
 HADUEN-HALL, (Derby.} in the (ex. In the R. of Q._Eliz. this rra- 
 High-Peak, near Bakewel, was the nor was t-xchavig-.jd with the crown, 
 ancient feat of the Vernons, one of after which K. James I. granted i: to 
 whom, ia the R. of Q_._Ei:z. vix. Ld. Cecil, from whom it is celcended 
 Sir Ge.i. Vcrnon, was lo noted for to the prefent Earl of Salisbury. At 
 his hofpitality, that he was called a brick-kiln near Hadham-Ford, 
 
 the King of the Peak. It went from which goes over to Hadham-Hall, 
 
 him by marriage of his daughter to are dug up with their clay, oyfter- 
 
 thc tuft F.ail of Rutland's fon, in (hells, and bones which are' fuppofed 
 
 wli'ifc pofcerity, lince Ds. of Rut- to be the teeth of large fi/h. 
 lind, we hear it ftill continues, but KAPLEY, (Midd.) near Barnet, 
 
 tint their noble paiace here is un- where was once an hermitage, was 
 
 inhabited. called Monktcn-Hr.dley, becaufe it 
 
 HAD HAM, Ma^na and Pari>a, was anciently given by the Earl of 
 
 (ILirtf.} are z villages on the VV. Eflex to his' abbey at Walden. K. 
 
 and S. W. of Bifhops-Stortford. Hen. VIII. gave this manor at the 
 
 Hadham.AfJg-tf, or Much-Hadham, Did", to Tho. Ld. Audley ; Q^Mary 
 
 which ftands in a vale on the r. Afh, to Sir Tho. Pope, and (VEUzahetU 
 
 was once a feat of the Bps, of London, to William Kympton aldermaa of 
 
 an>i is ftill their manor, which they London. 
 
 have lately let out upon lives. One 3* HADLEY, (S;ff.) 53 cm. 
 
 of the late pofleiVors was Thomas 64 mm. from London, was formerly 
 
 Pafk, Efq;. and fince Felix Calverr, a corp. with a mayor, aid. C. C. 
 
 Efq;. There is a cuftom here, that &?c. but a quo warranto being iffucd 
 
 the widow of every copyholder who againft its charter in the R. of Ja. II. 
 
 (hall die inteftate , and feifed of a it has not been renewed fince. It is 
 
 copyhold eftate in fee, fhall have her a pretty large populous T. and toler- 
 
 free-bench in all the copyhold lands ably well-built, but being in a bot- 
 
 whereof he died feifed in this ma- torn, 'tis generally dirty. It deals 
 
 nor, and after her the youngeft fon. much in corn, and its Mts. which 
 
 The fines on admirlion to this manor are M. and S. are well ftored with 
 
 are one year's quit-rent. Here is a provifions. 'Tis of fome note ftill, 
 
 ih. fc. Hadham.-Prfri.vr, which is on though formerly of much greater, for 
 
 the N. fide of Much-Hadham, ftands the woollen mf. In the middle of it 
 
 on the fame ftream, which comes a ftands the Ch. which is a handfome 
 
 m. off from Albury and Pelham in frrudure, with a fpire, and is a pe- 
 
 the whiter, and after rains. That culiar of Canterbury. Its Fair is 
 
 part of it where the r. rifes in the Sept. 29. 
 
 i'ummer, is called Hadham on Afh. HADLOW, (Kent) bet. Ewherft 
 
 The manor-houie here, called Had- and Mereworth, near the Medway, 
 
 hum-Hall, with the lands bel. to it, before it receives the Twift, has a 
 
 ftce held of the Bps. of Lon- Fair on Wbitfrn-M. Its rec~lory is 
 
 ^ It ftiil pays caftle-guard to a manor which bel. formerly to the 
 
 Stortford. The mod ancient lay. Kts. Hofpitallers, till it was united 
 
 owner to be found is Sir Will. Baud, to the crown by the DilT. after which 
 
 in the R. of Hen. III. In 1505 the K. Edw. VI. gave it to Ralph Vane, 
 
 manor was conveyed to Ld. Darcy from whom it came at length to the 
 
 and his heirs ; and Ld. Darcy pafled Twifdeos. 
 it to Sir WiU. Capel and bis heirs,
 
 H A 
 
 11 A 
 
 i i Berry -Nertert, bcl. for ie- 
 vcral defcents'to the Coffins. 
 
 HAIGH, (Lane.') a fine noble feat 
 of the Bradfhaighs,-ty Wigan, in one 
 f the beft fituations in the N. of 
 England, where, from the top of a 
 mount in the park, are feen 13 Cos. 
 and the Ifle of Man. In this Lp. are 
 the fineft works of canncl-coals in 
 England, which are an inexhauftible 
 treafure to the family, and ha'ye a vi- 
 triol fpring in them. 
 
 HAIREHOLM, or HAIRVM, 
 (D:<.rLi>) in the p. of Branfpeth, is 
 the place to which feme of the mur- 
 derers of Tho. Becket are faid to have 
 fled after the raft, and to have built 
 a chapel here to his memory. In the 
 R. of K. Cha. I. it was the feat of 
 the Coles. 
 
 viz. Stallenaen,Ramfc!en, ?<;. whicK. 
 at the court elect Co many beacks to 
 gathrr the quit-rents. 
 
 HALDON-HI LI., (Dc-vctJ,} near 
 the Ken, and not far from Exmifter j 
 which, when covered with a cloud, 
 the people fay, " When Haldon ha"h 
 " a hat, let Kemon beware of a 
 " fquatt." 
 
 HALIS, (G.'sc.} near Winchcomb 
 and Teddin^ton, had once a famous 
 abbey j of which there are few cr 
 no remains now, but a nest cloifter. 
 'Twas founded, in the R. of Hen. III. 
 by his brother, Richard E. of Corn- 
 vail, K, of the Romans, who lies 
 buried herewith his Lady. He fettled 
 the manor en the faid abbey, in which 
 it continued till theDifi'. when it was 
 granted, with the fcite cf the m<>n. to 
 Sir Tho. Seymour ; and after his at- 
 tainder to William Mnrq. of North- 
 ampton $ from whom it patted to 
 Will. Hobby, Ef'q; and a!"ter\vr.ids to 
 the Tracys, who have ever fmce been 
 Lds. cf it. They have a large houf 
 here, fuppofed to have been the ha- 
 bitation of the abbot, from th reli- 
 gious inscriptions r^nd figures in many 
 of the rooms. The Ch. is a chace'i 
 of eafe to Didbrook. 
 
 HAL*, (N-rf.) on the N. E. fid 
 of LoJdon, to whofe Ch. th'u is a 
 chapel of eafe, was the tr.anor of Sir 
 James Hobart (Att.-Gcn. to Hen. 
 VII.) ; the eldeft branch of whofe fa- 
 rnily lived here, for divers fuccefacns, 
 tiil ir was fold to the Humberftones 5 
 who foon after palled it to the reiift 
 of Sir Tho. Williamfon, Bt. of Eaft- 
 Markham, who gave part of. it to 
 John Holkins, Efq; who redded en 
 it, and part to Fr. Gardner, aid. of 
 Norwich, 
 
 HALESOWEN, (Salop) feat of Ld. 
 Dudley, on the E. fide of Sturbridse, 
 had formerly an abbey, on which K. 
 John fettled the manor. Here is a 
 Cattle-Fair on Eajier -Monday. 
 ?> HALESWORTH, (Suf.} 83 
 
 vejl, at whole court- leet all its free- 
 hplders and copy-holders are to ap- 
 pci.!, twice a year, to do fuit and fer- 
 vice. Here \vr.c formerly the feat of 
 the Leeks, till one of them fold it, 
 about 1673, to Rich. Lloyd, Efq; 
 then flier iff cf the Co. 
 
 HALEZRTON, (Devon.] near Ti- 
 
 vcrfcn, the eftate of the Paw'ets. 
 
 : cat tythes here are held under 
 
 . and .C. ct Brutal, fcr 99 years, 
 
 ,inable en 3 hvcs, changeable 
 
 ;.: ....fure, and .Lett on leafe at 197 /. 
 
 a year. 
 
 KAI.D.EN-HIGH, (Ken:} a manor 
 of R-o!venden, to the N.E. of Ten- 
 tcrdc-n, fo callej from the Haldcns, 
 who purchafed it, in the R. of Hen. 
 HI. and from whom it pgffed by the 
 jr.:.; ri age of a daughter, in the next 
 R. to the Guldefords, as it did by the 
 Jike means to the D. of Northumber- 
 land 5 who forfeiting it in the R. of 
 QjJWarv, by his rebellion, fhe gave 
 it to Sir John Ezker and his heirs ; 
 tut the demefne was given to Sir 
 Ken. Sidney, whofe prandfon, Ro- 
 bert E. of Leicefler, ibid it to Sir 
 
 Tho. Smith of London. There are, cm. 97 mm. from London, is an an- 
 in this and the neighbouring ps. 9 or cient T. en the r. B'yth, that bel. 
 fwmerly to the. Arjcmons, who pro- 
 urc* 
 
 . 
 jo Dens, that hold of tiiisjnancr,
 
 H A 
 
 H A 
 
 aured its Mt. on T. and Fair on fent out 12,000 men to join her force* 
 Otl. I-, i?, and 19, and from them againftthe rebels; and fo induftiv.us 
 it pafled to the Alhngtons, who fold were they, that, notwithftanding the 
 it long fince. The T . is populous, barren foil of the adjacent country, 
 and the Mt. noted for plenty of linnen they had then enriched themfelves by 
 yarn bought up here, which is fpun the mf. of cloth. Since that, fo great 
 by the women of this country. Here has been the demand of kerfeys for 
 is arh. fc. and a very neat Church. clcathing the troops abroad, that it is 
 HAIFORD, (Wariv.') is fo called thereby increafed a fourth, within 
 by corruption, from its old Ford over thefe 60 years, efpechlly as they have 
 the Stour, not far from Edgehill, lately entered into the mf. cf fha- 
 though it is alfo c: lied and written loons; fo that it has been calculated, 
 Hawford. Some lands here bel. for- that 100,000 pieces are made in a 
 merly to the canons of Kenilworth, year in this p. alone, at the fame time 
 which after the DiiT. were fold by K. that almoft as many kerfeys are ma da 
 Hen. VIII. to John Pope,and his heirs ; here as ever. And it has been af- 
 but they were fold by him, the fame firmed, that one dealer here hsa 
 year, ;o Robert de Hnlford. traded, by commiflion, for 60,000 /. 
 
 HAL CAVER-MOOR, (Corn.) near a year, to Holland and Hamburgh, in 
 Bodmin, is noted for a yearly carni- the fingle article of kerfies. Here is 
 val kept on it, about the middle of a good hof. endowed in 1642, bytkc 
 July, wJiich is refcrted to by thou- then Ld. of the manor, Mr. Nath. 
 lands of people. K. Cha. II. was fo Waterhcufe, for 12 poor old people, 
 well pic .ifed with the fports and pal- with a workhoufe for 20 children, a'nd 
 times of it, when he touched here in a fr. fc. called Q^Eliz's. The Hali- 
 his way to Scilly, that he became a fax law, fo much talked cf formeily, 
 brother or" the jovial fociety, which is was made, in the R. of Hen. VII. to 
 faid to be as old as the Saxons. One put an end to that then common 
 of the diverfions here is, to draw the prafticeof ftealing cloths in the night- 
 unwary into its quagmire ; and cer- time from the tenters. By this bye- 
 tain criminals are tried here, before law, the magiftrates of Halifax were 
 one wh^m they ftile the mayor of Hal- impowered to pafs and execute fen- 
 gaiter, for fome trivial offence, or tence of death on all criminals, if 
 other, and punifhed by fome notable they were either taken in the faft of 
 but harmlefsdifgrace, luch as wearing ftealing, or if the cloth ftolen was 
 tne fpur, &c. From hence flovens found upon them, or if they owned 
 are commonly threatned to be pre- the faft : The value of the thing 
 fcr.t J in Halgaver-Court. ftolen, however, was to be above 13^. 
 
 gy> HALIFAX, ( Tor);. W. R. ) halfpenny. If the fact was commit- 
 174 cm. 199 mm. from London, ted out of the vicarage, but within 
 ftands near the Calder, on the gentle the liberties of the forefr of Hardvvic, 
 afcent of a hill ; and is a p. the moft the offender was firft carried before 
 populous, if not the largeir, in Eng- the bailiff of Halifax, who prefer.tty 
 land, being 12 m. in diameter, and fummoned the frith-burghers of the 
 above 30 in circumference, and hav- feveral Ts. in the fcrett, by whom 
 ing iz chapels of cafe to its Ch. 2 he was either acquitted, or condemn- 
 whereof are parochial ; befides 16 
 meeting-houfes, which all, except the 
 quakers. are called chapels, and moft 
 of them have bells and burial grounds. 
 Though there were not above 30 
 
 houfes in it, anno 1443, it was fo po- 
 
 ed. If the latter, he was carried 
 within a week to the fcaftold, and 
 there beheaded in a very remarkable 
 manner, -viz. by an ax drawn up by a 
 pulley to the top of a wooden engine, 
 nd faftened there by a pin, which, 
 
 pulous in Q^Eiu's. time, that they when taken out, the ax fell down in
 
 II A 
 
 H A 
 
 an inftant, and did its work. This 
 may partly fcrve to explain the com- 
 mon litany of the beggars and vagrants 
 of thefe parts, wx* " From Hell, 
 Hull, and Halifax. Good Lord dc- 
 " ti-vi-r us." The engine, which was 
 ufed till 1620, was then removed j 
 but the bafis it Hood en ftill remains. 
 This T. formerly gave title of Marq. 
 to the family of Savile, as it does 
 now thofe of E. and Baron to the 
 prefent noble Gep. Montague, fon to 
 the late auditor of the exchequer. 
 The Mt. here is on Tb. Fair June 24.. 
 'Tis faid, the vicar of this p. is always 
 juftice of the peace, as vicar. No 
 Mt. is fo much thronged as this, in all 
 the N. part of England, except Leeds 
 and Walcefield. As to the aforefaid 
 engine, it is fit to be obferved, that 
 the E. of Morton, regent of Scotland, 
 feeing one of thefe executions, as he 
 parted through Halifax, took a model 
 of it, and carried it into his own coun- 
 try ; where, after many years, during 
 which it was called the Maiden, his 
 Lp's. head was the firft that was cut 
 off with it ; and though it has cut 
 off many a head fince, it ftill retains 
 the name. 
 
 H A L L,(Corn.) over-againft Fowey, 
 on the other fide of the harbour, has 
 very pleafant walks on the Jide of a 
 hill, and was anciently the feat of the 
 Fitzwilliams ; from whom it dei- 
 cended by the heirefs to the Mohuns ; 
 but was afterwards fold to the Keck- 
 wichs, and it is now Mr. Pitt's. 
 
 HALL, (Devon.) near Bps. -Taw- 
 ton, did formerly bel. to a family of 
 the fame name } but now to the Chi- 
 chefters. 
 
 y^> HALLATON, (Leic.) 68cm. 
 So mm. from London, has a Mt. on 
 Tib. Fairs on Afcevfion-day, Corfus- 
 Chrijli-day, and Off. 28 ; and has a 
 ch. fc. This place is noted for its po- 
 verty in the midft of a rich foil. 
 
 HALL-DOWN, (Devon.)^.m, from 
 Exeter, the feat of the Lady Chud- 
 leigh j it was built by the late Sir 
 George, and is reckoned by fome the 
 beft modern houfe in the Co, 'Tis 
 3 
 
 of brick, after the model of Buck- 
 ingham-Houfe in St. James's -Park. 
 
 HAL LIN G, (Kent) near the Med- 
 way, over-againft Woldham, had a 
 feat, built by Heath, Bp. of Roclief- 
 ter, in the R. of Edw. II. for himielf, 
 and his fucceflors in that fee. 
 
 H A L L i s T o N E, (Nirtbutnb.') near 
 Harbottle, had a nunnery. Paulinus 
 is bid to have baptized many thou- 
 fands here, in the infancy of the Eng- 
 lift Ch. 
 
 HALL-PLACE, (Sun-y) a tything 
 in Gcdalming p. where was the feat 
 of the Wyatf, an ancient family ; 
 but fome reckon it in the p, of Piit- 
 tenham, or Pepper-Harrow. 
 
 HALL-PL ACE, (S:. -riy] nearThorp 
 and Chertfey, bel. formeily to Chert - 
 fey-Abbey 5 but was lately in the 
 hands of Sir John Leigh of Wick- 
 ham in Kent. 
 
 HALLWESTON, (Hunt.} near St. 
 Neots, where are two remarkable 
 fprings, not far from one another ; 
 the one fre/h, and reckoned good for 
 the eyes; the other brackifh, and 
 very fovereign in ail leprous dilbrders. 
 
 HALS ALL, (Lane.) on the W. 
 fide of Orme/kirk, is fuppofed to have 
 given name to the anceftors of Edw. 
 Halfall, Efq; who founded a fr. fc. 
 here. The rcdtory here is reckoned 
 400 /. a year. Here was formerly 
 the feat of Ld. Gerrard. At this 
 place is a 'bituminous turf, which 
 emits a fmell like the oil of amber j 
 and from which an oil may be pre- 
 pared, not eafily diftinguifhable fn.'m 
 it. The country people ufe pieces of 
 it, inftead of candles. 
 
 (f^> HALSTED, ( FJfcx) 39 cm. 
 45 mm. from London, was anciently 
 a manor of the Bourchiers ; of whom 
 Robert, who was chancellor of Eng- 
 land in the R. of Edw. III. obtained 
 his charter for a court -leet here, a 
 Mt. on 7u. (fince altered to F. and 
 noted for corn) and a Fair . the eve 
 and day of St. Luke, He ailo founded 
 a collegiate Ch. here for 8 prieits, 
 and lies interred, with feveral of his 
 pofterity, jn a diapelon the S. fide of 
 the
 
 H A 
 
 H A 
 
 the p. Ch. The T. ftands on a hill, built by the Ks. of Northumberland, 
 with a pleafant r. at the foot of it. who made this their place of retreat 
 
 HALTON, (Sent.) on the W. fide from the Danes fury, 
 of Sedgemoor, bel. heretofore to the HA LT ON, (Nonbumb.) within the 
 Lds. Hungerford ; one of whom for- Pitts-Wall below Portgate, where the 
 feiting it, with his ether eftates, to manor-houfe, called Knlton-Hall, is 
 the crown, by his endeavouring to the feat of the ancient family of the 
 reftore Hen. VI. to the throne, his Carnabys. 
 
 daughter, Lady Mary, in the R. of {^ HALTWESEL, (Northumb.) 
 Henry VII. procured the reverfal of 21 ^ cm. 257 mm. from London, is a 
 her father's attainder, anothc reftitu- ccnfiderable T. with good accommo- 
 tion of his lands and honours, and dation for travellers, in the road from 
 nrried this manor, with others, by Cnilifle and Hexham to Newcaftle, 
 marriage to Edward Ld. Haftings. having the Scuth-Tyne on the S. fide, 
 (3= HALTON, or HAUL TON,/, e. and the military way, which runs pa- 
 HiGH-To\vN, (Cbcfa.) zm. N. of rallel to the Picls-Wall, at a little 
 Frodfliam, (lands loftily on a hill, where diftance on the N. fide, 
 a taftle was built, anno ioyi,by Hugh HAM, (Kent) en the S. W. fide of 
 Lupus E. of Chefter, who gave it, Sandwich. A part of it, which Is!, 
 with the barony, to Nigel a Nor- heretofore to the men. of Chrift-Ch. 
 man; from whofe pofterity it came Canterbury, was given by Hen. Vlil. 
 to the crown, and remains a member to Sir Tho. Moyl, who fold it to Sir 
 of the duchy of Lancafter j which Rob. Oxenbridge ; whofe pofterity 
 maintains a large jurifdi&ion in the alienated it to the Bois's of Betihan- 
 country round it, by the name of Hal- ger, whofe fucceflbrs were alfo pro- 
 ton-Fee, or the honor of Halton, prietors of the other moiety, which 
 having a court of record, prifon, &c. was anciently the feat of the Criols ; 
 within themfelves. About Michael- from whom it went by marriage to 
 was every year, the K's. officers of Fog; whofe daughter carried it to 
 the duchy keep a law-day at the Scot, and he fold it to Mr. Bois. 
 caflle, which ftill remains a ftately HA M, (Kent ) on the N. E. fide of 
 building ; and once afor.tnight a court Appledore, was anciently the eftate of 
 is kept here, to determine all matters the Orlanftons, for feveral defcents ; 
 within their jurifdittion ; but felons but at length came by an heirefs to 
 and thieves are carried to the feffions the Scots. 
 
 at Chefter, to receive their fentence. HAM-HOUSE, (Sitrry) is an ele- 
 Here is a fmall Mt. on 5'. though it gant ftruifture in the p. of Peterflinm, 
 is not in the lifts of the Market- near Richmond-Park, and by the 
 towns, and a Fair on Lady-day, Thames-fide; which bel. to D. Lau- 
 which the inhabitants claim by pre- derdale, in the R. of Cha. II. and at- 
 fcription. terwards to the Dfs's. fon the E. of 
 
 HALT ON, (.taw.) near Lancafter, Dyfert, brother to general Talmafli 
 whole capital mefiuage is called Hal- who was killed at the expedition of 
 ton-Hall.' The demefnes bel. to the Breft. 
 
 manorconfiftof z 30 acres tythe-free. HAM, (Wore.) on the r. Temd, 
 It has a water corn-mill, and a fal- or Teme, a little higher than Clifton, 
 mon-fiihery in ,the r. Loyne ; and a had a caftle, where is now a hand- 
 good common in the neighbourhood, fome feat, that has been enjoyed by 
 with a promifing profpecl of lead and the ancient family of the Jeffreys, 
 coa). above 200 years. 
 
 HALTON, E.andW.(n^.W.R.) HAM-WEST, (E/cx) bet. Strat- 
 ijot far from Settle, had anciently a ford and Little-Ilford. In this p. are 
 religious houie, and a royal maiifion 12 acres of matfli land, cali'd Ox- 
 Leas,
 
 H A 
 
 H A 
 
 Lea?, which Sir Jacob Garrard, fheriff 
 of London, ninny years before his de- 
 ceafe, appropriated for ever, for the 
 binding out 4 apprentices, -vix. 3 of 
 this p. and one of Eaft-Ham p. Alib, 
 in thankful remembrance of his de- 
 liverance in a trial for his life and 
 efiate, he appointed a fermon to be 
 preached yearly, on that anniverfary 
 (vix. Jan. 9) at this p. Ch. with 
 20 s. for the preacher, 6s. 8 d. for 
 the reader, 3*. 4^. for the clerk, 
 and 2 s. for the fexton, befidcs a dole 
 of charity to be distributed, at the 
 fame time, to 50 poor people. 
 
 HAMBLEDON-HILL, (Dorftt.) 
 at one end of Cranburn-Chace, near 
 Stourmifter, {hews it had once a 
 camp j and, it is faid, Roman coins 
 have been dug up in or near it. 
 
 HAMBLETON, (Tork. W. R.) on 
 the S. W. fideofSelby, has annual 
 ra-es on its Down, for the K's. plate 
 of 100 guineas. 
 
 HAMDEN-GREAT,(J?tfob)cn the 
 ridge of the Chiltern -Hills, near Wen- 
 dover, is the manor and feat of the 
 Hamdens, one of the oldeft and moft 
 honourable families in this Co. who, 
 it is faid, were fettled here above 600 
 years ; and that the porch of their 
 houfe is yet /landing, which was built 
 before the conqueft. Here is a fmall 
 ch. fc. Little-Hamden is on the N. 
 fide of it. 
 
 HAM LEY TON, (Rut!.} nearNor- 
 manton, in the road to Okcham, is 
 in the maps and fome defcriptions 
 fpelt Hambleton, or Hamelden. In 
 the R. of Edw. II. this manor bel. to 
 Bartholomew Ld. Badlefmere, who 
 obtained a Mt. here on M. and a Fair 
 dug. 23, 24, and 25. It afterwards 
 came to the E. of Northampton, and 
 then to Ld. Lovell j upon whofe for- 
 feiture of it to Hen. VII. he gave it 
 to Hen. Ferrers. In the R. of K. 
 James I. \i xvas in the family of Sir 
 John Harrington. It was afterwards 
 fold to Geo. Villiers D. of Bucking- 
 ham, and again to the late E. of 
 Nottingham, 
 
 HAMMERSMITH, (M. : J<f.) 4m. 
 W. from London, is a hamlet bel. to 
 Fulham, has 2 ch. fcs. a workhoule, 
 a Preibyterian meeting-houfe, a nun- 
 nery, and a number of pretty feats, 
 especially towards the Thames. 
 
 HAMOSE-CRESK, (Devon.} near 
 Plymouth, a fafe road, which is a 
 common harbour for fhips bound to 
 the E. when they wait for a wind. 
 
 HAM PS TED, (MLU.} about 4m. 
 on the N. W. fide of London, flands 
 in a healthy air, on a fine rife, at 
 the top of which is a heath of about 
 a m. every way, that is adorned with 
 feveral pretty feats, in a moft irre- 
 gular romantic fituation, and has a 
 moft extenfive profpeft over the city, 
 into the counties all round it, viz. 
 Bucks and Hartfordihire, and even 
 Northamptonshire, Eflex , Kent, 
 Surry, Berks, &c. with an uninter- 
 rupted view of Shooter' s-Hill, Ban- 
 fted-Downs, and Windfor-Caftle. Its 
 Ch. was anciently a chapel of eafe 
 to Hendon, till about 1478, when it 
 was feparated from it by the abbot 
 and convent of Weftminfter, then 
 patrons of the redlory of Hendon, 
 who made a curacy or donative of 
 it in their gift, as it remained till 
 the fuppreffion, at which time K 
 Henry VIII. fettled it on his new- 
 made Bpk. of Wtftminfter ; but K. 
 Edw. VI. diflblvlng that See, granted 
 the manor and chapel of Hamplted 
 to Sir Tho. Wroth, for his goo 1 fer- 
 vices done to the crown. After this, 
 it bel. to the Earls of Gaine/borough j 
 but was fold to Mr. Langworth, and 
 is now the manor of Mr. Marion, a 
 clergyman of EiTex. This village 
 ufed to be reforted to formerly for 
 its mineral waters, which have lately 
 been neglected ; but the wells are 
 ftill frequented by the gentry, who 
 meet here in a fine aflembly-room, 
 to dance, &c. befides the long-room, 
 where they play every M. evening at 
 cards, &c. Though it is now fo 
 crowded with good buildings, that 
 even on the very fteep of the hill, 
 where
 
 H A 
 
 H A 
 
 where there is no walking 6 yards 
 together without meeting a hillock, 
 yet in the R. of Hen. VIII. it was 
 chiefly inhabited by the laundrefies 
 who wafhed for the Londoners. Its 
 old ruinous Ch. the Ld. of the ma- 
 nor's chapel, was lately pulled down, 
 and a new one is juft ere&ed in its 
 room. There is befides, a hand- 
 fome chapel near the wells, built by 
 the contribution of the inh. who are 
 chiefly citizens and merchants of 
 London. 
 
 HAMPSTEDE, (St.if.) ontheN. 
 fide of Tame, over-againft Pirne, 
 the feat of the Wirleys, from fa- 
 ther to fon, ever fince the Reign of 
 Henry II. 
 
 HAMPTON, (Midd.} on the 
 Thames, ovcr-againft the Moulfeys, 
 2. m. from Richmond and Kingfton. 
 Its manor feems to have bel. for- 
 merly to the priory of Takely in 
 Efiex, upon the DilT. of which, it 
 came to the crown. This place is 
 chiefly famous for that noble houfe, 
 called Hampton-Court, built here by 
 cardinal Wolfey, who put up 280 filk 
 beds in it, for ftrangers only, and 
 richly ftored it with gold and filver 
 plate ; but it raifed him ib much 
 envy, that, to fcreen himfelf from it, 
 he gave it to K. Hen. VIII. who in 
 exchange allowed him his palace at 
 Richmond. The buildings, gardens, 
 and the 2 parks, to all which the late 
 K. Will, made confiderable additions, 
 are about 4 m. in circuit, and wa- 
 tered on thre;' fides by the Thames, 
 over which there is a bridge to it 
 from Kingfton. The inward court 
 was built by K. William, and forms 
 a piazza, the lownefs of whofe pil- 
 lars makes it look more like a cloy- 
 iter than a palace, which, however, 
 was fo contrived for the conveniency 
 of the K. who took greet delight in 
 this place, but his constitution did 
 not allow him to mount flairs ; ne- 
 vcrthelefs the apartments make ample 
 amends for this, there being none 
 more magnificent, nor more exadlly 
 tiiijpofcd in any palace in the world : 
 
 And his Majefty, who had a good 
 tafte in furniture, adorned it with all 
 the elegance imaginable. Not to 
 mention any of the other noble paint- 
 ings by the greateft mafters, there are 
 in the great gallery the famous car- 
 toons, being 5 pieces done by Raphael 
 Urbin, which K. Will. III. brought 
 into England, and for which Lewis 
 XIV. offered 100,000 Lewis d'Ors. 
 At this palace were alfo put up, a few 
 years ago, the battles of Alexander, 
 wrought up in fine brufiells tapiftry, 
 which are worth the obfervation of 
 the curious. In Buflvy-Park is a caf- 
 cade, which is reckoned a mafter- 
 piece in its kind. 
 
 HAMPTON-UPON-AvON,(^ar.) 
 
 of old called Bifhops-Hampton, be- 
 caufe in the Saxon times it bel. to the 
 fee of Worccfter ; and Hampton-Lacy, 
 from a family of that name, whofe 
 pofterity do now, or did very lately, 
 enjoy it; ftandson the E. fide of Strat- 
 ford, of which it was formerly a ham- 
 let. 
 
 HAMPTON-COUR T,(Hcrff.^ $tn. 
 
 S, E. of Leominfter, is in fome maps 
 ftiled Hampton-Charles. Rowland 
 Lenthall, mailer of the wardrobe to 
 K. Hen. IV. built a very fine houfe 
 here, which has for a long time been 
 the feat of the Coningfbys ; from 
 whom defcended the late E. (fo crea- 
 ted by K. Geo. I.) whofe daughter 
 was married to the late Sir Michael 
 Newton, and was created Countefs 
 Coningfby in her father's life-time. 
 'Tis built caftle-wife in a valley on the 
 r. Lug, under coverture of Dynmoor ; 
 and from the top of the houfe goes a 
 ftair-cafc, which they fay has a fub- 
 terraneous conveyance to Dynmoor- 
 Wood. Here is a very fine park, 8 m. 
 in com. with about 1200 head of 
 deer, and a broad pool 3 quarters of a 
 m. long, bet. 2 great woods. The 
 dam, which forms it and is made over 
 a valley, coft 800 /. and was fini/hed 
 in a fortnight by 200 hands. A new 
 r. is cut quite through the park, the 
 channel of which, for a long way to- 
 gether, is hewn out of the rock. 
 This
 
 H A 
 
 H A 
 
 This enriches vaft trafts of land, built a much finer, on an eminence 
 vhich before were barren. Here are vifible to all that pafs the Bath road j 
 allb new gardens and canals laid but in Jan. 1719 it was burnt down, 
 out, and new plantations of timber ; HAMSTED-NoRRis,(-Aj)near 
 \vhich, with warrens, decoys, fheep- Compton, has its name from its own- 
 walks, paftures for cattle, &c. fupply ers the noble family of the Norris's. 
 the houfe with all conveniencies and HANBOROUGH, (Oxford. ) near 
 neceflaries ; and there is (lore of wa- Woodftock, is noted only fcr the fe- 
 ter on all fides of it, for the fountains, lenites, or mocn-ftone, which has 
 bafons,and canals. Here are fome good been dug in great plenty out of its 
 pidlures of the Countefs's anceftors, wells. 
 
 painted by Holben, Vandyke, Sir HANDBURV, (Sfaff.) on the E. 
 Peter Lilly, &c. and an original of fide of Pagets-Bromley, of which a 
 K. Hen. IV. Q._Eliz. the Duchefs of family of that name were the ancient 
 Portfmouth, V. owners, went by marriage to Will. 
 
 HAMPTON-CURLEW, (Wariv.} Bowles of Ru/hall ; and from him, 
 fo called from its ancient owners of by the like means, to the Leighs and 
 that name, is a hamlet of Budbroke, Vernons. 
 
 and has always bel. to the Lds. of HANDSAKER, (Staff.) on the W. 
 that manor. fide of King's-Bromley, and I m. 
 
 HAMFTON-IN-ARHEN, (War. ) from the Trent, was pofiefied by a 
 en the W. fide of the Blith, to the family of that name, from the R. of 
 N. E. of Solihul. "Tis a large p. Hen. II. to that of Hen. VI. after 
 with divers hamlets ; and the manor which, it went by marriage of an 
 bel. formerly to the family of Arden, heirefsto Hen. Weftcoate ; whofe fa- 
 one of whom obtained a Mt. here on mily did very lately, if they do net 
 1'u. with a Fair on St. Luke's, and ftill, enjoy it. 
 the days before and after 5 but the HANLEY-CASTIE, (Wore.} on 
 Mt. has been long difufed. Here the Severn and near Upton, oppofite 
 were formerly 2 parks ; in one of to Malvern-Hills. It anciently bel. 
 which flood the manor-houfe and a to the Clares Es. of Gloucefter, and 
 caftle, of which the intrenchments afterwards to the Mortimers Es. of 
 are yet to be feen, and are called the March j but it coming to the crown, 
 Caftle-Hiils. It came, in the R. of K. Hen.VIII. made Sir Will. Comp- 
 Edvv. .III. to Sir John Peche, and ton conftable of it ; from whom are 
 went afterwards by marriage to Sir defcended the Es. Northampton. It 
 Will. Montfort ; in whofe family it was lately the feat of Edm. Lech- 
 continued many defcents, till the at- mere, Efq. 
 
 tainder of Simon Montfort, intheR. HANLEY.SIX-PENNY, (Dcrfft.) 
 of Hen. VII. for alMing Perkin bet. Blagdon-Park and Cranburn- 
 Warbeck, when it was forfeited to Chace. In the latter, that is about 
 the crown. In 1643 the fpjre of the 3 m. off, the parishioners are allowed 
 Ch. was beat down, and the fteeple one day in the year to hunt deer, 
 and body of it much rent by thunder Hanley bel. to Pe'ter Walter, 
 and lightning. Here is ach. fc. HANWELL, (Midd.} zn\. from 
 
 HAMSTED-MARSHAL, .(Berks) Brentford, on the N. fide of the road 
 near the Kennel r. 3m. W. frcm from London to Oxford, bel. before 
 Newberry, had the furname, becaufe the R. of Edw. the Conf. to Weft- 
 it formerly bel. to the earl-marfhal of minfter- Abbey , and fo remained, 
 England. Here Sir Tho. Parr, trea- when that abbey was v converted by 
 furer of the houihold to QJEiiz. built Hen. VIII. into the fee of a Bp. 
 a fine feat ; and the late Ld. Craven, but Q^ Mary I, gave it to the fee of 
 who had his title of Daren from hence London. 
 
 HA?WC*TB ;
 
 II A 
 
 H A 
 
 HANWORTH, (Midd.} on the W. 
 fide of Twickenham, was the fa- 
 vourite feat of Hen. VIII. having a 
 Srofpeft of the Thames, and a de- 
 ightful country round about it, as 
 well as 2 good parks, one called Ken- 
 ton, the other Hanworth, where he 
 always hunted the buck, or hare. It 
 gave tide of Baron to Francis Ld. 
 Cottington, in the R. of Cha. I. and 
 is the feat of Ld. Vere Beauclerc. 
 
 HA R BORN, (Staff.} on the S.W. 
 fide of Birmingham, formerly bel. to 
 the Lds. Dudley, afterwards to the 
 Cornwall's ; then to Philip Foley, 
 Efqj who fold it, 50 years ago, to 
 Geo. Birch and Hen. Hinckley, who 
 created a ch. fc. here. One James 
 Sands of this p. who died in 1625, 
 Jived to the age of 140, and his wife 
 to 120. He out-Jived 5 leafes of 21 
 years each, which were all made to 
 him after he married. 
 
 (C^ 3 HARBOR oucH,(L^/f.)66cm. 
 84 mm. from London, is a great 
 thoroughfare in the road to Derby, 
 near the fource of the r. Welland j 
 and was famous, in Camden's time, 
 for its Beaft-Fair, where the beft 
 horfes and colts are ftill fold. 'Tis 
 obferved of this T. that there are no 
 lands bel. to it j fo that they have a 
 proverb here, " That a goofe will 
 " eat up all the grafs in Harborough ; 
 " and children are threatened with 
 " being thrown into Harborough- 
 " Field." For this, reafon, their 
 Fair, which is held on the gth of Of?. 
 for cattle, is kept in the next p. The 
 Mt. is on Tu. It gives title of E. to 
 Philip Ld. Sherrard ; has a good fr. 
 fc. and a fair chapel of eafe to Great- 
 Bowden its p. 
 
 HARBOTTI.E-MANOR andCAs- 
 TI.E, (Nortbumb.) near Halliftones, 
 in the valley of Read, or Riddefdale, 
 gave name to a family of confidera- 
 ble note, from the R. of Hen. IV. to 
 this time. In the R. of Hen. II. 
 when this caftle bel. to the Umfra- 
 yils, it was taken by the Scots, but 
 foon recovered, and reftored to that 
 family. Neverthdefs it was much 
 
 ruined, and much neglected after- 
 wards ; and being forfeited to the 
 crown by Sir William Talboys, K. 
 Edw. IV. granted it to Sir Rob. Ogle ; 
 from whom it came by the heirefs to 
 the family of Sir Cha. Cavendifh, late 
 D. of Newcaftle. 
 
 HARDING, orHARpEDON, 
 (Hartf.) 3jn. S. of Whethamfted, of 
 which it is a hamlet, and 5m. from 
 St. Albans in the road to Luton, ftands 
 on a hill, and bel. anciently to the 
 Hoos; but wasfoldtoMatth.Creffy, 
 in the R. of Edw. IV. and continued 
 in that family many defcents, till 
 it went by marriage of the heirefs to 
 the BarJolfs j one of whom fold it to 
 Sir John Witherong, Bt. in the R. 
 of Cha. II. in whofe poilerity we 
 hear it ftill remains. 
 
 HARDWICK, (Derby.} in Scarf- 
 dale, lom. from Derby, the feat of 
 an ancient family of the fame name, 
 gives feat and title of Baron to the 
 D. of Devonshire. 
 
 HARDWICK, (Gkc.) which has 
 the honour of giving tide of Baron 
 to the prefent Ld.-Chanc. York, it 
 the manor of Mr. Trye, and a cha- 
 pel of eafe to Standifh. 
 
 HARDWICK, (Afar/*.) near King's- 
 Lynn, was lately the manor of the 
 Gleans, of which Peter Glean, Efq; 
 was created a Bt. in 1665 ; whofe 
 fon and fuccefibr in the title was an 
 apothecary of the fame name, lately 
 deceafed in the Strand. 
 
 HARE BY, (Line.) near Lincoln 
 City, is noted for the death of Elea- 
 nor, wife to K. Edw. I. who caufed 
 crofTes to be fet up in memory o'f 
 her, in all the places where the hearfe 
 refted, that carried her corpfe from 
 hence to Wefiminfter. 
 
 HAR EFIELD, (Midd.) on the W. 
 fide of the Coin, bet. Uxbridge and 
 Rickmanfworth, was formerly the 
 feat of Ld.-Ch.-Juf. Anderfon, and 
 fince of Sir Roger Newdigate j in 
 whofe family, the rectory and ad- 
 vowfon of the vicarase have been 
 ever fmce Edw. VI. 'Tis now a do- 
 native, or curacy ; and tho' before the 
 X DiiF.
 
 H A 
 
 H A 
 
 Difl*. when it bel. to the hof. of St. 
 John of Jerufalem, it was exempt 
 from epilcopal jurifdiction, it has 
 been fubjeft to it ever fince ; yet the 
 late Sir Rich. Newdigate contefted it. 
 Here is a ch. fc. 
 
 ^c HARSSBUR Y, (Wilts) on the 
 Willy, near Warmifter, is in old re- 
 cords called Height/bury, or Heytf- 
 bury ; and now it is writ Hatchbury. 
 It was once the feat of the Emprefs 
 Maud, and bel. heretofore to the 
 Lds. Hungerford and Haftings ; from 
 which laft family it went to that of 
 Artie, who have generally had the 
 honour to reprefent it in Pt. Here 
 are Fairs May 7 and Sept, 14 ; and it 
 has fent members to Pt. ever /ince 
 Hen. VI. it being an ancient Bor. by 
 prefcription. One of the Lds. Hun- 
 gerfords built an almfho. here, for 12 
 poor men and a woman. Here is a 
 collegiate Ch. with 4 prebendaries, 
 and a fr. fc. and the place is governed 
 by a bailiff and burgefies. 
 
 HARE WOOD, (jB^.)ontheOufe, 
 near Turvey, had a nunnery former- 
 ly j and is alfo called Harelewood 
 and Harold, it having the honour of 
 giving title of Earl to the Duke of 
 Kent. 
 
 HARINGTON, (Nortbamp.) on 
 the W. fide of Rothwell, gave title 
 of Baron in the R. of James I. to 
 Sir John Stanhope, his Vice-Cham. 
 as it does now that of E. to the Rt. 
 Hon. Will. Stanhope, fo created by 
 his prefent Majefty. The late E. of 
 Dyfert had a feat here. 
 
 HARINGWORTH, (Nortbamp.) 
 near the r.Welland, on the N.E. fide 
 of Rockingham, was formerly the feat 
 of Ld. Zouch, whole family flourished 
 here, from the R. of Edward I. to 
 James I. It has been fince fold to a 
 gentleman, whofe feat is at Bullick 
 In the neighbourhood ; but a chapel, 
 where the Zouches were buried, was 
 reserved for that family. 
 
 HARLACKENDE.N, (Kent} in the 
 p. of Woodchurch, has been the pa- 
 trimony of a family of that name, 
 from the concert to this time, 
 
 HARLASTON, ( Staff, ) on the 
 N. E. fide of Tamworth, bel. to the 
 Vernons, from Hen. III. to Hen.VIII. 
 and then went by marriage to Sir 
 Tho. Stanley's family. 
 
 HARLAXTON, (Line.} am. from 
 Grantham, where was ploughed up a 
 brazen veffei, in which was an an- 
 tique helmet of gold, ftudded with 
 jewels, which was prefented to Ca- 
 therine of Spain, Qu_een-dowager of 
 Hen. VIII. 
 
 (^ HARLESTON, (Norf,) has a 
 bridge on the r. Waveney, 14 cm. 
 from Norwich, and 82 cm. 94mm. 
 from London. The manor bel. for- 
 merly to the Mowbrays Ds. of Nor- 
 folk. 'Tis but a dirty T. with a Mt. 
 on W, and a Fair June 24. 
 
 HARLESTON, (Devon.) in Brix- 
 ton p. bel. in the R. of Hen. III. to 
 the Collifords ; in that of Edw. III. 
 to Peter Silverlbck ; and by an heirefs 
 of the Carflake family pafled to that 
 of Wood. The ancient family of the 
 Maynards have a feat and eftate in 
 this p. 
 
 HARLESTON, (Midd.) is a pre- 
 bend of St. Pauls, in the p. of Willf- 
 dcn 5 bet. which and Weftbourn- 
 Green lies Harlefton-Green. 
 
 f> HARLING-EAST, (Norfolk) 
 ftands on a rivulet, bet. Thetford and 
 Buckenham, 15 cm. from Norwich, 
 and 75 cm. 88 mm. from London. Its 
 ancient owners were the Bigods fa- 
 mily, who changed their name to 
 Felbrigg. 'Twas afterwards fold to 
 the Herlings ; from whom it was 
 carried by marriage to the Wingfields ; 
 after which it came to the Levels, by 
 a branch of which it was lately, if it 
 be not ftill, enjoyed. Its Mt. on Tb. 
 is chiefly for linen-yarn, and linen- 
 cloth j and the Fair is April 23. 
 
 HARLINGTON, (Midd.} on the 
 N. fide of Hounflow-Heath, gave title 
 of E. to Sir Hen. Bennet, fecretary 
 of ftate to Cha. II. it having been his 
 feat alfo. 
 
 HARLOW, (EJJex) on the W. fide 
 
 of the Rodings towards Hartfordfliire, 
 
 bel, formerly to the abbey of St. Ed- 
 
 aaundlbury 5
 
 H A 
 
 H A 
 
 mundfljury; but in the laft century 
 was the property of Tho. Addington, 
 Efq. It had a Mt. once on S. though 
 fince difcontinued ; but has a Fair on 
 Nov. 17. 
 
 HARMONDSWORTH, (Midd.}on 
 the N. W. fide of Harlington. The 
 manor was formerly given to St. An- 
 drew's-Abbey in Normandy ; but K. 
 Edw. III. feized it, as the eftateof an 
 alien priory, and K. Rich. II. alie- 
 nated it to Will. Wickham, Bp. of 
 Winchefter, who fettled it on his 
 college, near Winchefter ; which con- 
 tinued proprietors of it, till Hen. VIII. 
 by way of exchange for it, got the 
 rectory and the advowfon of the vi- 
 carage into his own hands. 
 
 HARNAM, E. and W. (Wilts] near 
 Sarum. Its Bp. Rich. Poor, having 
 obtained of Hen. III. at the incorpo- 
 ration of New-Sarum, that, for the 
 benefit of the faid city, they change 
 and remove the ways and bridges 
 leading to it, &c. Robt. Binghatn, 
 his next fucceffbr, built that ftately 
 bridge over the Avon,called Harnam- 
 Bridge, anno 1245 i which brought 
 the great weftern road this way, 
 whereby Wilton decayed, and Salif- 
 bury throve every day. 
 
 HARRENDON, GR. and LIT. 
 {Nortbamp.} near the r. Nen, bet. 
 Wellingborough and Kettering, was 
 the manor and feat of the Vaulx's, 
 for above 300 years. K. Cha. I. 
 when a prifoner at Hclmby-Houfe, 
 ufed to come hither under a guard, 
 for his beloved diverfion of bowling. 
 It gives title of Baron to the E. of 
 Maiton, who has a feat here. 
 
 HARROLD'S-WIAS, (Heref.) at 
 the conflux of the Munny and Dore, 
 had a caftie which anciently bel. to 
 the Harolds ; from whom it pafled to 
 the Lds. Tregoz, and from them to 
 the Grandifons. 
 
 HARROW-ON-THE-HILL,(MV/.) 
 fo called from its fituation on the 
 higheft hill in the Co. lorn. N.W. 
 of London. In its Ch. lie interred 
 feveral of the Flamberds, Lds. of the 
 hamlet of that name. This f. is no- 
 
 ted for a fr. fc. founded in the R. of 
 Q^Eliz. by Mr. John Lyons. Afil- 
 ver arrow is fliot for here once a year, 
 vix. Aug. 4, by a leledt number of 
 the fcholars, who are drefTed for the 
 purpofe in the habit of archers. The 
 manor bel. formerly to the Abps. of 
 Canterbury, till the R. of K. Hen- 
 ry VIII. when Abp. Cranmer con- 
 veyed it to the crown, in exchange 
 for other lands ; but it has parted to 
 the fubject nnce, and was the manor 
 of the late Sir James Rufliout. 
 
 HARROW-HILL, (Wore.} in the 
 ps. of North and Middle-Littleton, 
 2 m. from Evefliam, has a medici- 
 nal fpring, efpecially noted for the 
 cure of fore eyes. The water, though, 
 of a foft tafte, yet, by its diftillatioa 
 from the rock, petrifies what-ever is 
 thrown into it. 
 
 HARTBURY, (G7o<r.) on the Le- 
 den, N. W. of Glocefter City, the> 
 manor and feat of Sir Walter Comp- 
 ton, Bt. and of his anceftors, ever 
 fince the Ref. before which it bel. to 
 the abbey of Glocefter. 
 
 jf. HARTFORD, the Shire T. of 
 (Hartf.) 20 cm. 23 mm. from Lon- 
 don, (lands on the r. Lea, was of 
 fome note in the time of the ancient 
 Britons, and the E. Saxon K.S. often 
 kept their courts here. In 673, 
 here was a fynod. K. Alfred built 
 a caftie here, by which the Danifh 
 veffels were deftroyed, that came up 
 from the Thames by its r. as far as 
 Ware, where the Danes had erected 
 a fort, from which they made fre- 
 quent fallies to plunder and deftroy 
 the country. The manor of this T. 
 was all along the K's. of whom 
 both the T. and caftie were formerly 
 held in capite. The Barons took the 
 latter from K. John, but K. Hen. HI. 
 recovered it. K. Edw. III. gave the 
 T. a charter for Mts. on Tb. and S. 
 and in his grant of it to John of 
 Gaunt, it is called the honour of 
 Hartford. The chief bailiff was then 
 allowed by the K. 20 s. a year for 
 his livery-gown, and the porter of 
 the cafiic. who was put in by the K. 
 X a had
 
 H A 
 
 H A 
 
 had of him zd.z day for his wages. 
 It fent members to Pt. in the R. of 
 Edw, I. but after the 7th of Hen. V. 
 CB the petition of the bailiff and bur- 
 geffes to be excufed by reafon of 
 their poverty, that privilege was dif- 
 continued, till the 22d of James I, 
 K. Hen. VI. who kept his Eafter 
 here in 1429, ordained by his char- 
 ter confirming their Mt. that no 
 other fhould be kept on the fame 
 days, within 7 m. on pain of having 
 the goods feized by the bailiffs of 
 Hartford. This manor being then 
 part of Q._ Margaret's jointure, the 
 courts were held in her name, and 
 ihe appointed a horfe Fair to be kept 
 in wh&t part of the T. the bailiff 
 and conftables thought fit. The 
 iRandard of weights and meafures 
 was fixed here in the R. of Hen. VJI. 
 and Q^Mary I. made this a corp. 
 by the name of bailiffs and burgeffes, 
 of whom the latter were to be 1 6 
 by her charter, which alfo granted 
 the T. 3 Fairs, -vix, the eve-day and 
 morrow of PaJfion-Sunday, June 24, 
 and Of}. 29. In the 25th and 35th 
 of Q. Eliz. Michaelmas-term was 
 Jkepthere, by reafon of the plague 
 at both times in London ; and that 
 Q._ who fometimes refided in its 
 caflle, and declared the Bor. as par- 
 cel of her duchy of Lancafter, granted 
 it a new charter, by the ftile of a 
 bailiff, ij capital burgeffes, and 16 
 afMants, with a Mt. on .5. 2 yearly 
 Fairs, vix. on Lady-day and Mid- 
 fummer-day, in St. Andrew's p. and 
 2 other Fairs in the T. on Pafflon- 
 Sunday, and one for all forts of cattle 
 on the 2gth of OEiober, paying only 
 il. 6s. %d. K. James I. granted 
 it a new charter, with the ftile of 
 mayor, burgeffes, and commonalty, to 
 have 10 capital burgeffes, and 1 6 af- 
 fjitants, the mayor to be chofe out 
 of the former, by both of them ; 
 and a Fair was then appointed here 
 on May-day. The caflie was enjoyed 
 in the laft R. by Sir Will. Cowper, 
 J3t. as it has been fince by his fuc- 
 cdTors, and it was repaired and beau- 
 
 tified by the late Spencer Cowpei, 
 Ef C. J. of Chefter. Here was 
 once a mon. founded by William the 
 Conqueror's nephew, which, fince the 
 Diff. has paffed through feveral fa- 
 milies to the Harrifons. Here were 
 5 Chs. which are reduced to two. 
 In St. Andrew's there is a feat not 
 only for the mayor and aid. but an- 
 other for the governors of Chrift- 
 church hof. in London, who have 
 erected a fair houfe in the T. to re- 
 ceive fuch children as wanted either 
 health or room in that hof. and they 
 have built a gallery in the Ch. 
 wherein 200 of their children may 
 be accommodated. The T. in fhort, 
 ftands pleafantly, in a fweet air and 
 dry vale, is now governed by a mayor, 
 high-fleward, who is generally a no- 
 bleman, a recorder, 9 aid. a town- 
 clerk, chamberlain, 10 cap-burgeffes, 
 and 1 6 afliftants, and has 2 ferjeants 
 at mace. The chief commodities of 
 its Mt. are wheat, malt, and wool j 
 and it is faid to fend 5000 quarters 
 of malt to London weekly by the r. 
 Lea. Befides the above-mentioned, 
 here are two Fairs on Sept. 8 and 
 Nov. 6, and two others for cattle, 
 vix. the S. fortnight after Ea/ler, 
 and the M. following, and its Mid- 
 funimer Fair is chiefly for horfes. 
 This T. had the honour of giving 
 title of Earl formerly to the Strong- 
 bows, but the honour ceafed for 
 many years, till Hen. VIII. revived 
 it in Edward Seymour, brother to one 
 of his <^s. whofe defendants have 
 enjoyed it ever fince, with that of 
 D. of Somerfet. Here is a Inndfome 
 free grammar-fc. befides 3 ch. fcs. 
 but the fplendour of the T. is much 
 diminished fince the N. road from 
 London was turned through Ware j 
 but in the T. is ftill kept the Co. 
 gaol, and the gaol-delivery in the 
 caftie. 
 
 HARTINGTON, (Derby.) on the 
 N. W. fide of Wirkfworth, gives 
 title of Marquis to the eldsft fon cf 
 the D. of Devon, 
 
 HART-
 
 H A 
 
 H A 
 
 K|HARTI.AND, ( Devon. ) 
 
 lyi cm. 197 mm. from London, 
 ftands on the promontory called Hart- 
 Jand-Point, which is the extreme part 
 of the Co. N. W. and runs out a 
 good way intp the fea. In William 
 the Conqueror's time this manor bel. 
 to the Dinants, or Dinhams, from 
 whom it defcended by marriage to 
 the Zouches, and from them fuc- 
 cefiively to the Fitzwarrens, Carews, 
 and Arundels j and it had formerly a 
 mon. In the R. of Q^Eliz. a bill 
 was preferred in Pt. for making a 
 port here. The Mt. is on 5. and 
 much frequented by people from 
 Cornwall ; and as the fiftier-boats of 
 Barnftaple, Biddiford, and the other 
 Ts. on the coaft, lie often under thefe 
 rocks for fhelter from the S. W. or 
 S. E. winds, the feamen come on 
 fliore here, and fupply themfelves 
 with provifions j nor is the T. un- 
 concerned in the herring-filhery on 
 this coaft. The Fairs here are on 
 Eaftcr-W, Whitfon-Tu. and Sept . 14. 
 
 HARTLEBURY, ( Ware . ) near 
 Worcefter-City, has a caftle with a 
 park about it, bel. to the Bps. of that 
 fee, near the conjunction of the Se- 
 vern and Stour. Here is a ch. fc. 
 
 jj^ HARTLEPOOL, ( Durham ) 
 187 cm. 236 mm. from London, 
 ftands on a promontory 4m. from 
 Gretham, encompafled on all fides, 
 but the W. by the fea, and has a fafe 
 harbour under it. 'Tis an ancient 
 corp. vefted by K. John with the 
 fame laws and liberties, as Newcaftle 
 upon Tyne, and governed by a mayor 
 and his brethren, with other fubor- 
 dinate officers. The Mt. which is on 
 5. is not very considerable ; fo that 
 the place depends chiefly on the har- 
 bour, where the Newcaftle colliers 
 generally take flieltcr in ftrefs of wea- 
 ther. Here was formerly a mon. 
 In the year 1315, this T. and terri- 
 tory was ravaged and plundered by 
 the Scots. 
 
 HAKTS-HILL, (#V.) bet. Nun- 
 Eaton and Atherfton, bel. formerly 
 to Sir Alex, Culpeper of Keat, whole 
 
 fon fold it to Sir Anthony Cooke, 
 of Giddy- Flail in Efiex, who left it 
 to Richard his fon and heir ; but it 
 came from the Cookes to Purefey, 
 and from him to Sir Nathan Wright, 
 whofe fecond fon, William, lately 
 enjoyed it. 
 
 HARTWELL, (Nortbamp.) W. of 
 Oulney, uear Sawcy-Foreft, wherein 
 its inn. have a right of commonage. 
 
 HARTY-ISLE, (Kent) at the cor- 
 ner of the Ifle of Sheppey, over- 
 againft Fever/ham, to whofe abbey it 
 once be], till the abbot alienated it 
 to Mr. Colepeper, from whom it 
 came to Mr. Thornhill. 
 
 HARWELL, (Afo/.) near Bautrc, 
 bel. formerly to the Markhams, 
 Townleys, and Wentworths ; from 
 which laft, it was parted to the corp. 
 of Newark, of whom Tho. Mafjnus 
 bought it, and gave it to Anthony 
 Gilby, a lieutenant-colonel in New- 
 ark garrifon, whofe pofterity are or 
 were lately tenants of it. 
 
 5jc HARWICH, (EJJ'ex) 61 cm. 
 71 mm. from London, is the ftation 
 of the packet-boats for Holland, and 
 has a fafe harbour, which is,withal 
 fo fpacious, by the influx of the 
 Stour from Maningtree, and the Or- 
 well from Ipfwich, into the bay, 
 and fuch ufe was made of it in the 
 Dutch war, that too fail of men of 
 war have been feen there at one 
 time, with their tenders, befides 3 or 
 400 fail of coaliers ; for it is a perfect 
 harbour, to within 2 m. of Ipfwich, 
 and able to receive ihips of 100 guns 
 all the way. The inns here are very 
 good, but the accommodition dear, 
 by reafon of the great concourfe of 
 paffengers to and from Holland, 
 which was the motive of fitting up 
 flocps to go thither dire&ly froiK the 
 Thames, when the ftage-coaches that 
 ufed to ply two or three times a \v2ek 
 bet. this place and London were laid 
 down. The Ch. hcr<;, ever fince the 
 Ref. has been a chaptl to the mother 
 Ch. at Dover-Court. TheT. is not 
 large, but well-built and populous, 
 has a good maritime tra^e, is alrnoft 
 X 3 a-
 
 H A 
 
 H A 
 
 encornpaffed by the fea, and has 
 flrong works. It is walled in, and 
 the ftreets paved for mod part with 
 elay, which tumbling down frcm the 
 cliff, where is a petrifying water bet. 
 the T. and Beacon-Hill, foon grows 
 as hard as ftone ; and the inh. boaft 
 the wall is as ftrong, and the ftreets 
 as clean as thofe that are of real 
 ftone. This place was firft made a 
 free Bor. and had a grant of its Mt. 
 en Tn. in the Reign of Edward II. 
 Its government was fettled by char- 
 ter of King James I. in a mayor, 
 chofe yearly, Nov. 30, out of 8 aid. 
 who with 24 capital burgefTes, the 
 electors, and the recorder, make the 
 corp. By this charter it had alfo a 
 power to cleft z burgefies to Pt. the 
 grant of its F. Mt. and its 2 Fairs 
 on May-day and St. Luke's, which 
 are each for 3 days. The mayor has 
 a power to hold admiralty-courts. 
 Here is a very good yard for building 
 /nips, with the neceflary ftore-houfes, 
 :rares, launches, &f<r. 'K. Will. III. 
 erected this T. into a marquifate, in 
 favour of the Duke of Schomberg. 
 Though the entrance into the fea 
 liere is bet. 2 and 3 m, wide at high- 
 water, yet the channel where the fhips 
 muft keep to come to the harbour, 
 which is on the Suffolk fide, is deep 
 and narrow 5 fo that all /hips that 
 come in or go out are corr.manded by 
 the guns of Landguard-Fort on that 
 fide. This T. was fortified hereto- 
 fore on the land- fide, but in the R. 
 of K. Cha. I. the fortifications were 
 demoli/hed. It has fince been ordered 
 to be refortified, and ground has been 
 parchafed with that view, for the 
 K's. ufe, by act of Pt. but little or 
 nothing more has been done in it 
 jet. 
 
 H A R W O O D-C A S T L I, (Tor*. 
 
 W. R.) near Gawthorp-Hall, was a 
 neat itrcng building in Camclen's time, 
 and had variety of mafters, one of 
 \vhom, vix. a Fitzgerald, in the R. 
 cf K. John, obtained a grant for a Mt. 
 and Fair here. In the R. of Edw. III. 
 k was valued at 400 marks a year, 
 od bel, to John <k LiCe. From h;s 
 
 family it came to the Rithres, who 
 ferved as IherifY for leveral Rs. and 
 perhaps oftner than any other family 
 in the Co. This caftle was ruined 
 in the civil wars. A late Ld. of this 
 manor was John Boulter, Efq;. It 
 has 8 or 9 dependent conftabularies, 
 wherein are many antiquities. Here 
 is a pretty little T. with a coftly 
 /lone-bridge of 11 arches over the 
 Wherfe, which runs in a bed of 
 ftone, and looks as clear as rock- 
 water. In its Ch. was interred Sir 
 Will. Gafcoigne, who had the cou- 
 rage to commit Prince Henry, after- 
 wards K. Hen. V. to the King's- 
 Bench, for affronting him at Weft- 
 minfter, while he was in the feat of 
 iuflice 5 for which aft of regard to 
 the autiiority of the K. more than 
 to the image of his perfon, the 
 Prince himfelf, when he came to 
 the throne, not only forgave, but 
 juftified him. 
 
 HARWORTH, (Not?.") on the b, 
 of York/hire, near Tickhill-Caftle, 
 was, with its 3 hamlets, for many 
 years the eftate of the Moretons, 
 one of whom founded an hof. near 
 the utmoft b. of this p. juft by Bavv- 
 tree, with a chapel to it, yet ftand- 
 ing, where the Moretons were in- 
 terred. It was at length fold to Sir 
 Will. Sanderfon. 
 
 HAS COMB, (Surry} to the S. E. 
 of Godalming. The manor, which 
 is about ioo /. a year, bel. formerly 
 to the Covets, and was at length 
 purchafed by Mr. Fox of Guilford. 
 From Caftle-Hill in this p. where 
 are the remains of a Reman camp, 
 there is a profpcft over the whole 
 Co. of Surry, and a part of SufTex. 
 
 HASELEY, GREAT and LIT- 
 TLE, (Oxf,} near Cuddefden, to the 
 S. W. of Thame, lately bel. to the 
 Huddleftons. Great-Hafeley is a rich 
 reftory annexed to the deanery of 
 Windibr, and has a ch. fc. Here is 
 the feat of Mr. Blackball. 
 
 HASZLEY, (War<w.} bet. Bird- 
 
 brook and Wrcxhall, formerly bel. 
 
 to the Turpins, then to the Cherlc- 
 
 cotes. Tbo. Holland Earl of Kent 
 
 had
 
 H A 
 
 H A 
 
 Kad it in the R. of Richard II. and 
 John Dudley Earl of Warsvick in 
 that of Edw. VI. but on his attain- 
 der in the R. of Q._Mary, (he gave 
 it to Michael Throckmorton, and 
 his heirs, from whom it came lately 
 by marriage to William Bromley, of 
 Baglnton, Efq;. 
 
 HASELOVER, (Staff.} on the 
 Tame, N. of Tamworth, bel. for- 
 merly to the Stanleys, and paffed 
 by marriage of the heirefs to John 
 Brooke. 
 
 HASFIELD, (Gfa.') on the other 
 fide of the Severn, a little below 
 Deerhurft, is a p. 7 m. in compafs. 
 The manor was given by Henry III. 
 to Rich. Pauncefort, whofe poflerity 
 held it till the R. of Q^Eliz. when 
 it was alienated to the Tracys, and 
 was afterwards purchafed by Mr. 
 Parker. 
 
 HASILBEARE, (Dorfet.} on the 
 W. fide of Blandford, towards the 
 r. Luddon, was given by Henry III. 
 to Alan de Plugecet, it being the 
 forfeited eftate of William Marftal ; 
 and in the R. of Edward I. had a 
 charter for a Mt. on M. 
 
 %. HASLEMERE, (Surry} 36 cm. 
 41 mm. from London, is an ancient 
 T. that was once deftroyed by the 
 Danes. It is a Bor. by prescription, 
 and has fent members to Pt. ever 
 fyice the R. of Edw. IV. who are 
 chofe by a bailiff and burgage-teeners. 
 It is faid to have had 7 p. Chs. for- 
 merly, though but one Ch. now, 
 which is a chapel of eafe to Chiding- 
 fold ; and that it flood heretofore 
 upon a hill more to the S. than the 
 prefent T. which is the mote pro- 
 bable, becaufe of the many wells 
 often difcovered hereabouts. It is in 
 the Lp. of Godalming, and with it 
 bel. to the deanery of Sarum. It has 
 a Mt. on T, which is chiefly for 
 poultry, and Fairs on May-day and 
 Sept. 13, by virtue of (^Elizabeth's 
 letters patent in 1596. 
 
 HASLEWOOD, (TV*. W. R.) pn 
 the N. W. fide of Aberforth, the 
 ancient inheritance of the family of 
 
 the Vavafors, has a pleafant profpedl 
 of the cathedrals of York and Lin- 
 coln, though 60 m. afunder, and a 
 remarkable quarry, called Peter's- 
 Pit, becaufe St. Peter's cathedral at 
 York was built with the ftones dug 
 out of it. It is faid that Dr. Tun- 
 flall Bp. of Durham affirmed to K. 
 Hen. VIII. when he made his pro- 
 grefs to York, that the country 
 10 m. round this place was the 
 richeft valley that ever he found in 
 all his travels through Europe, there 
 being 165 manor-houfes, 275 woods, 
 fome of which contained 500 acres, 
 32 parks, and ^ chaces for deer, 
 7 navigable rivers, &c. and within . 
 thefe limits as much fport for hunt- 
 ing, hawking, fifliing, and fowling, 
 as in any part of England. 
 
 g^ 3 H ASLINGDEN, (Lane.) un- 
 der the mountains on the E. fide of 
 the Co. 150 cm. 178 mm. from 
 London, has a Mt. on W. Fair un- 
 certain. 
 
 HASSELIR, (Wana.) on the E. 
 fide of Aleeiter, ftands on an emi- 
 nence among hafels, from whence it 
 has the name. It bel. formerly to 
 the canons of the collegiate Ch. of 
 Warwick ; but after the Ref. was 
 given by Edward VI. to Sir Ralph 
 Sadler, mailer of his wardrobe, and 
 his heirs. 
 
 HASTINGBURY, OTHALLING- 
 BURY-GREAT, (Eff'ex) 3 m. from 
 Bps.-Stortford, is aifo called Morley, 
 becaufe it was the manor and feat of 
 the Lds. of a family of that name, 
 for feveral fucceffions, till Thomas 
 Ld. Morley and Monteagle fold it to 
 Sir Edward Turner, afterwards Ld. 
 chief baron of the exchequer. It 
 now is, or lately was, the feat of 
 Mr. Houblon. 
 
 HASTINGBURY, or HALLINC- 
 BURY-LITTLE, (E/ex] on the S. 
 fide of the former, is alfo called 
 Haiti ngbury-Nevil and Bouchier, or 
 Bowfsr, from thofe 2 noble families 
 who were its Lds ; for after it had con- 
 tinued about 200 years in that of 
 Nevil, it came to that of Bouchier 
 EarJ,
 
 H A 
 
 Earls of EfTex, who held it about 
 150 years, till iflue-male failing, it 
 went by marriage to Ld. Ferrers cf 
 Chartley, whofe defccndants, after 
 having enjoyed it a while, fold it to 
 Will. Bawtree and Rob. Aikew, of 
 whom it was purchafed by Mr. But- 
 ton, the founder of the chartcr- 
 houfe, who at firft intended to have 
 honoured this place with his noble 
 foundation, but having fettled it at 
 London, he endowed it with the ma- 
 nor and advowfon of this Ch. to 
 which the governors of the charter- 
 houfe have preferred ever fmce. 
 
 s|< HASTINGS, (SvJJex) 54 cm. 
 62 mm. from London, is the chief 
 of the cinque-ports, and, with its 
 members, was obliged, by the rules 
 constituting all the cinque-ports, to 
 find 21 fhips, within 40 days after 
 the K's fummons, with 21 able men 
 in each fhip, well furniflied and well 
 armed for the King's fervice, who 
 were to ftay a fortnight in the 
 faid fervice, at their own charge j 
 but if their attendance was requir- 
 ed longer, they were to be de- 
 frayed at the K's. The mafter of 
 each fiiip, and the conftable, are to 
 have 6 d. a day, and every one of 
 the reft 3 d. This T. is fuppofed to 
 have taken name from Haftings, the 
 famous Danifli pirate, who ufed to 
 build fcrtrefles where he went a/here 
 for his prey, to cover his men, and 
 fecure his retreat. In K. Athelftan's 
 R. here was a mint. It was here 
 that William the Conqueror muftered 
 his army, after he had burnt the 
 fhips which brought it over. This 
 T. had charters from Edward the 
 Confeflbr, Will. I. and II. Hen. II. 
 Richard I. Henry III. Edw. I. and 
 Cha. II. exempting it from tol!, and 
 irrpowering it to hold courts cf ju- 
 dicature on life and death. It is in- 
 corporated by the ftile of mayor, 
 jurats, and commonalty. It has 
 handfome houfes, and cuftom-houfe 
 officers ; but frequent ftorms have 
 rendered it an indiftereat harbour, 
 though a raft fum of money has been 
 laid out at times to make it a good 
 
 H A 
 
 one. It has fent members to Pt, 
 ever fince Edw. III. London is fup- 
 plied from hence with abundance cf 
 fifii that are taken on the ccaft. The 
 T. lies bet. a high cliff towards the 
 fea, and as high a hill on the Jand- 
 fide, having 2 ftreets, and in each a 
 p. Ch. and it gives name to the Earls 
 of Huntingdon, as well as title of 
 Baron. About the year 1377, this 
 T. was burnt by the French, and 
 after it was rebuilt, it was divided 
 into the 2 ps. Here are 2 ch. fcs. 
 erefted for the teaching of 2 or 300 
 children. There was a caftle on the 
 hill, which overlooked the T. but 'tis 
 now in ruins. The Mts. here are on 
 W. and 5. and Fairs on Tu. and W. in 
 ffibi:fcn-w:ck, and Nc-v. 23 and 24. 
 Near this T. that famous battle was 
 fought, in 1263, wherein K. Hen.IH. 
 and his fon Prince Edward were taken 
 prifoners by Simon de Montfcrt Earl 
 of Leicefter. Here was formerly a 
 priory. 
 
 HATCHLANP, (Sorry] in the p. 
 of E. Clandcm, 4 m. from Guildford, 
 hat a park of 100 acres, and lately 
 bel. to Mr. Raymond, of Ratcliff- 
 Crofs, brewer. 
 
 H A T F i z L D, and the Chace, 
 (Yirk. W. R.) 4 m. from Doncafter. 
 K. William I. gave its Ch. to the 
 priory he founded at Lewes ; and K. 
 Will. II. gave the tithes, cf all the 
 ct]j taken out of his fi/h-wcrks hre 
 to the abbey of Roche. The manor 
 bel. formerly for feveral i'uccelTicnt 
 to the Earls of Warren and Surry ; 
 but it came to the crown in the R. 
 cf Edw. III. who gave it to his f th 
 fon, Edw. de Langley, whole polte- 
 rity inherited it tiil it came again to 
 the crown. The chace is famous for 
 deer-hunting. There are many in- 
 trenchments near the T . as if it had 
 been the camp of feme great array. 
 It is faid that no rats were ever feen 
 in this T. 
 
 ^ H A T 1*1 I L D-B I S H OP S, 
 
 (Hartf.) in the great coach road to 
 the N. 17 cm. 20 mm. from Lon- 
 don. It was called Bifhops-Hatfield, 
 becaufe it did bel. to the Bps. of Ely. 
 Theo-
 
 H A 
 
 H A 
 
 Theodore Abp. of Canterbury held 
 a fynod here, anno 63 1, againft the 
 Eutychean herefy. Here was once 
 a royal palace, from whence both 
 Edw. VI. and Q._ Eliz. were con- 
 dueled to the throne ; the former 
 had his education here, the latter 
 bought the manor of the Bp. of 
 Ely ; and K. James I. exchanged it 
 with the Earl of Salifbury's anceftors 
 for Theobald's, nearer to London. 
 The rectory here, which is in that 
 Earl's gift, is computed at 800 /. a 
 year. Here are 2 ch. fcs. The Mt. 
 is on Tb. and the Fairs on Gocd-F. 
 J?p r 'I 23, July 25, and 08. 18. 
 The Earl of Salilbury has a noble 
 feat here, built by the great Burleigh, 
 at that called Hatfield-Houfe, and a 
 park, (in which is a vineyard) wa- 
 tered by the r. Lea. The Earl of 
 Anglefea has a feat alfo in this p. 
 with a park. 
 
 Kf 1 HATFIELD -BROADOAK, 
 or KING'S-HATFIEID, ( EJfex ) 
 a large p. 25 cm. 28 mm. from 
 London, is fo called from the nature 
 of the foil, JJat, in the Saxon lan- 
 guage fignifying hot and 
 its tenur 
 
 and his fucceflbrs, and from a broad 
 cak growing in the T. Philip and 
 Mary granted this manor, which had 
 fo long been in the crown, to Tho. 
 Noke, whofe heirs held them by 
 Kt. fervice, till the yth of Q. Eliz. 
 who granted him a licence to alienat* 
 the fame to Thomas Barrington, an- 
 ceftor of the late Sir Charles and Sir 
 John Barrington, in whofe family it 
 frill is, vi. in the prefent Ld. Vifc. 
 Bnrrington, whofe feat here is called 
 Barrington -Hall, which was formerly 
 a priory, and is now inclofed in a 
 park. The Mt. is on 5. the Fair 
 Jaly 25. The firft Earl of Oxford 
 lies in its Ch. 
 
 HATFIELD-PIVEREI., (E/ex) 
 near Witham, in the road from 
 Chelmsford, took name from Ra- 
 nulph de Pev.erel, whofe wife having 
 been concubine to Will, the Conq. 
 founded a nunnery here, to attone 
 
 gnifying hot and fandy, from 
 re by the K. Will. theConq. 
 
 for her guilt, and lies buried in the 
 Ch. but at the DifT. it was given to 
 Giles Leigh, of Walton upon Thames, 
 from whom by marriage of the heirels 
 it came to the anceftors of Sir Gco. 
 Alleyn, Bt. and was lately in the 
 pofiefiion of Lady Howard, (the re- 
 lict cf Francis Thompfon of York- 
 fhire) who married Geo. Ld. Howard, 
 eldeft fon of Henry D. of Norfolk. 
 
 HATFIELD-WOODHAI. L, 
 (Hartf.) a fubordihate manor to Hat- 
 field-Bps. fo called from the plenty 
 of timber growir.g on and about it. 
 It bel. anciently to the Bafinjbourns, 
 who held it from the R. of Hen. III. 
 to that of Q^Eliz. when it was fold 
 to Sir John Boteler, Ld. -mayor of 
 London, the anceftor of Sir Francis 
 Boteler, who flcuriflied in the R. of 
 Cha. I. from whom it defcended, in 
 1690, to his daughter Juliana, th's 
 late widow Shallcrofs, who left it by 
 her will to her Cfter. Mrs. Hutchin- 
 fon. 
 
 8^ HATHERLEY, (Devon.} on 
 a branch of the r. Towridge, near 
 its conflux with the Ock, 160 cm. 
 194 mm. from London. The manor 
 did bel. to Taviftock-Abbey, bst 
 great part of the wafte, now called 
 the Moor, was given to the inh. and 
 the reft to Walter Medlande, and h> 
 heirs. After trie Ref. it was pur- 
 chafed by Robert Afcott. Its Mt. 
 is on Tu. and Fairs en May 10, 
 "June n, Aug. 24, and Oft. 18. 
 
 HATHERTON, (Cbejbire) near 
 Webbenbury, anciently the feat cf 
 the Orbies, from whom it parted to 
 the Corbels, and from them to the 
 Smiths. 
 
 HATLEY-COCKAINE, (Bcdf.) 
 on the N. E. fide of Potton, fo called 
 from Ld. Chief Baron Cockayne, 
 who fettled here in the Reign of 
 Henry IV. 
 
 HATLEY ST. GEORGE, (Camb.) 
 on the N. E, fide of Hatley-Ccc- 
 kaine, was called Great-Hatley, till 
 it came to the family of St. George. 
 It is fince the feat of Mr. Pearce. 
 
 HAT.
 
 HA HA 
 
 HATTOK UPON AVON, (IVar.} all their dead to the chapel of Rum- 
 is a member of Hampton upon Avon j ford. 
 
 with which it palTed formerly to J^* HAWKESHEAD, (Lane.) in 
 
 John DudleyE. ofWarwick,and after Fournefs, a hiliy woody traft on the 
 
 hit attainder patted with it to the W. fide of Wina'nder-Mere, 2O2cm. 
 
 Lucys of Cherlecote. 265 mm. from London, has a Mt. on 
 
 8^ HA v ANT, (Hampjhire) bet. M. for the fale of provisions, wool, 
 
 Fareham and Chichefter, 54 cm. 63 yarn, &c. and a free-grammar fc. 
 
 mm. from London, has a Mt. on S. endowed by Edwin Sands, Abp. of 
 
 and Fair QRcb. 6. York, who was born near it. 
 
 HAVEN-UPPER, {Wilti} near HAWKHURST, (Kent) near Be- 
 
 Everley hare- warren, %vas the Lp. of nenden, a dependant on the manor of 
 
 PeterdeMouleyintheR.ofHen.il!. Wye, and with it bel. to Eattle- 
 
 who granted him a Mt. on Tu, upon Abbey. The royalty and rents were 
 
 his prefenting him with a palfrey. In granted by Hen. VIII. to Sir John 
 
 the Rs. of Edw. I. and II. it was the Baker, his Attorney-Gen, but his 
 
 Lp. of Hugh Spenfer, who procured heir fold all his right and claim, in 
 
 a charter for a Fairs here on W. and the R. of James I. to Henry E. of 
 
 Tb. after Trinity-Sun day, and Off. 17 Dover; of whom it was purchafed 
 
 and 18. The Mt. is aboli&ed ; but by Sir Tho. Finch, anceftor of the 
 
 St. Luke's Fair is continued. K. prefent E. of Winchelfea ; and the 
 
 Rich. III. gave this manor to Henry Lds. court-baron is held here about 
 
 Stafford D. of Buckingham, together Eaftcr. 'Tis a very populous large 
 
 with the view of Nether-Haven on p. and had, before the defirudlion of 
 
 the S. fide of it. its Ch. in the civil wars, 1400 com- 
 
 63" HAVER IL, (EJJex and Stiff.) municants ; but now it is full of 
 
 43 cm. 49 mm. from London, ap- poor, and noted for fmugglers. It 
 
 pears, by the ruins of a Ch. and caf- had a Mt. on Tu. by grant of K. 
 
 tie ftill to be feen, to have been of Edw. I, which has been long difcon- 
 
 much greater confequence formerly tinued.; and it had Fairs Aug. 10 and 
 
 than now. It has a ch. fc. with a Feb. iz, but only the former is con- 
 
 Mt. on W. and Fairs May i, July 6, tinued. Here were alfo formerly 5 
 
 and Aug. 15. crofies, or watch-houfes, and a bea- 
 
 HAVERING AT BOWER, (F.ffex] con ; but they are all demoli&ed, ex- 
 had the name, as it is faid in Cam- cept two. 
 
 den, from a ring given there by a HAWKSWORTH, (Noit.) on the 
 
 ftranger to Edw. the Cor.f. as a pre- N. E. fide of Bingham, bel. for fe- 
 
 fent from St. John the Evangelift ; veral fuccefiions to the Deincourts ; 
 
 which Mr. Weaver fuppofes con- and afterwards pafled through divers 
 
 firmed by the remnants of a pifhire families, till at length it was feized 
 
 in the E. window of the S. aile of by the crown, being part of the eftate 
 
 Rumford-Ch. under which is written of Sir Maurice Dennis. Q._ Eliz. 
 
 Johannes per peregrines miJitRcgi Ed- granted it to Rich. "Whalley, one of 
 
 vardo, &c. K. Hen. VIII. ufed to whofe defendants, in 1670, conveyed 
 
 come hither, for the pleafure of hunt- it to William D. of Newcaftle ; of 
 
 ing in the foreft ; and it was the an- whom it was purchafed by Robert 
 
 cient retiring-place of the Ks. of Butler. 
 
 England. Here are z chapels ; one HAWK WOOD, (EJJex) in the p. 
 
 a peculiar royal chapel for the K. and of Heningham-Sible, formerly the 
 
 his houfliold, the other for the offi- eftate of Sir John Hawkwood, and 
 
 cers, forefters, and inh. which is a afterwards of Hen. Summers, Efqj 
 
 chapel of eafe to Horn-Church ; but of Braintree, 
 having no right of burial, they carry 
 
 HAWNES,
 
 H A 
 
 TO 
 
 H E 
 
 HAWNES, (Bedf.}^m. from Bed- 
 ford, is a feat of the Ld. Carteret, 
 now E. of Granville, and gives him 
 title of Baron. 
 
 HAWSTED, (Suff.) alias Halfted- 
 Hall, near St. Edmundfbury, was a 
 great while the manor and feat of the 
 Drurys, and lately of the Cullums. 
 
 HAW TON, (Notl.) in the York 
 road, near Newark, has been much 
 depopulated fince the civil wars, and 
 for the greateft part inclofed. Some 
 lands here bel. formerly to the priory 
 of Thurgarton } after the DifiT. to 
 James Hardwick and his heirs, and 
 now to the D. of Devon/hire. 
 
 HA w T ox, (/toff .) near Sherwood- 
 Foreft, is alfo called Halloughton, or 
 Halmirron. It makes an entire pre- 
 bend in Southwell, which lies on the 
 N. fide of it ; and is called the lay- 
 prebend, becaufe it has nothing fpiri- 
 tual, but the tithes of its own land. 
 This manor did lately bel. to John 
 Foreft, and Sir Cha. Oufley, or Wol- 
 fley, had it in leafe. 
 
 HAYES-ARUNDELS, [Devon] an 
 ifland in the manor of Cowicke, bet. 
 the r. Ex and the village Lahegen, 
 which leads towards Exwick. It was 
 formerly the eftate of the Champer- 
 noons, which one of them, Sir Wil- 
 liam, granted to Ralph Tintiner. 
 
 HAYES-PLOVERS, ( Devon. ) fo 
 called from its ancient Lds. who held 
 their lands of the E. of Devonshire 
 by this tenure ; that whenever he 
 came to Ex-lfland, the tenant was to 
 come with a napkin about his neck, 
 or on his fhoulder j and a pitcher of 
 wine, and a fjlver cup in his hand, to 
 offer his Ld. to drink. 
 
 PJ? HAYLSHAM,(Sa/fc.x)46 Cm. 
 
 53 mm. from London, has a Mt. 
 on S. 
 
 HAYTON, (Nott.) to the W. of 
 N. and S. Wheatley, was in the R. 
 of Hen. VI. the manor of Lawrence 
 Moigne ; from whom it pafTed to 
 the Makarels, Fitzwilliams , and 
 Pages. 
 
 HEADINGLEY, (fork. W. R.) a 
 kamlet of Leeds, In which grew the 
 
 flilre-oak, from whence the H. hat 
 its name. In the chapel is interred 
 Benj. Wade of New-Grange, who 
 gave zoo I. for ever, towards the 
 maintenance of its curate ; but the 
 ground for it was given by the famous 
 Sir John Savil. 
 
 HEADON, (Not!.} on the S. E. 
 fule of Redford, bel. anciently to a 
 family of the fame name ; and parted, 
 in the R. of Edw. III. by the female 
 line to the Jorces, Chaworths ; and 
 laftly to the Wafteneys, who have 
 enjoyed it fmca 1622, and have a fine 
 feat here, begun by the prefent Bt's. 
 anceftor, Sir Hardolph, in 1711. 
 
 # HEADON, (York. E. R.) 141 
 cm. 172 mm. {from London, is a 
 plcafant, little, well-built T. in Hol- 
 dernefs, on a r. that falls into the 
 Humber. 'Tis alfo written Hed- 
 don, or Heydon, and is very ancient. 
 K. John granted it to the E. of Al- 
 bemarle for a Free-Bor. fo that the 
 burgeffes of it fliould hold in free- 
 burgaee, in as full a manner as the 
 burgefTes of York and Lincoln. It 
 was formerly confiderable in mer- 
 chants and Shipping 5 and though it 
 has but one Ch. there are the remains 
 of two more. It makes no very great 
 appearance now ; which is afcribed to 
 the neighbourhood of Hull, and to its 
 harbour being choaked, the fea having 
 fo much encroached upon this fliore, 
 as to have fwallowed up many of its 
 Ts. There is a cut made on the 
 S. E. part of the T. which helps to 
 fcower that part of the haven which 
 is left ; but there is no hopes of ren- 
 dering it as ufeful as formerly. In 
 1656 great part of the T. was burnt 
 down, as were, not many years fince, 
 many houfes in the Mt.-place ; but 
 the greateft part is rebuilt, and the T. 
 thereby rendered much more beauti- 
 ful : and of late years it is grown 
 richer, which is chiefly afcribed to its 
 frequent Fairs that are held every 
 fortnight. Its Mt. is on 5. 'Tis a 
 corp. with a mayor, recorder, 9 aid. 
 and 2 bailiffs, who have the power 
 of fheriffr, and are juftkes of the 
 peace.
 
 H E 
 
 H E 
 
 peace. There's a prifon and court 
 here bel. to the Vifc. Dunbar, who 
 has the figniory of Holdernefs j and 
 it fends two members to Pt. 
 
 HEALE, (Dt<uon.) in the p. of 
 Meth, the ancient eftate of the Croc- 
 kers ; and FryVHeale in this Co. 
 had the name from its ancient own- 
 ers the Frys. Another Heale in this 
 Co. near the Plym r. was the eftate 
 of the Kts. -Templars ; and after 
 their Dill", bel. to Dockland -Abbey. 
 This Heale is in the p. of Cornwood, 
 and the place from whence the feveral 
 families of Heale in this fhire derive 
 their original. The hamlets of S. 
 and N. Heale were the ancient lands 
 of Albomonafter. 
 
 HEATH, (O*/.) on the N. fide of 
 the Oufe, a little before its entrance 
 into Northamptonfhire, whofe Ch. 
 bel. formerly to the mon. of Kenil- 
 worth. 
 
 HEATH, (JVamv."] a member of 
 Hill-Wottcn, bel. heretofore, one 
 part to the priory jtift now mentioned, 
 the other to Croffe-Grange, as it did 
 very lately, if it does not ft ill. 
 
 HEATH, (York. W.R. ) near 
 Wakefield, is a genteel village in a 
 good air, where is an academy and 
 the feat of Sir George Dalfton. 
 
 HE/, THXNCOTE, (Northamp, } on 
 the S. fide of Towcefter, near Whit- 
 tlewood-Foreft, is in the p. of Paul's- 
 Parry, and had its name from the re- 
 lidence of the Danes here, who in 
 the Saxon annals are called Heathens. 
 
 HEATHER, (Leic.) on the S.E. 
 fide of Afhby.de-la-Zor.ch, bel. an. 
 ciently to the Kts. -Templars, and 
 then to thofe of St. John of Jerufa- 
 lem. 
 
 HEATHFIELP, (Suffix") lies on a 
 Down of its own name,near Burwa/h- 
 DoWns, 7 m. from Haftings, and iz 
 from Tunbridge and Lewes. On this 
 plain was fought the decifive battle 
 bet. Will, the Conq. and K. Harold. 
 In this p. is Baily-Park with a fine 
 grove, and a manfion-houfe on a 
 beautiful eminence, that has a noble 
 view of the fea and the country, for 
 
 above 20 m. round. The land bel. 
 to it is computed at 333 acres. 
 
 HEATON, (Staff.) on the b. of 
 Che/hire, is famous for a fmall grit, 
 and grindftones that are of a greyifh 
 colour. 
 
 HEDDINGTON, (Oxf.) near Ox- 
 ford, was the royal-feat of K. Ethel- 
 red, father to Edward the Conf. and 
 gives title of Baron to the D. of St. 
 Albans. 
 
 HEDDINGTON, (ffilts) bet. 
 Marlborough and Bath, feems to have 
 been a Roman colony, from the foun- 
 dations of houfes that have been dug 
 up here for a mile together, and from 
 the filver and copper coins of Roman 
 emperors found here j of which fome 
 were given to the royal -fociety, and 
 others to Mr. Aflimole's mufaeum at 
 Oxford. Here K. Alfred gave the 
 Danes fuch a total defeat, that they 
 gave hoftages to quit the land ; which 
 they performed accordingly, and did 
 not moleft it more for 3 years. It 
 was anciently called Edendon ; and 
 William, whq was Bp. of Winchefter, 
 favourite of Edw. III. who took his 
 firname from hence, becaufe he was 
 born in it, founded a college here of 
 Bon hommes, 
 
 HED G E s s ET, (S///fo//&) to the S.E. 
 of Ruihbrook, bel. formerly to the 
 abbey of St. Edmundfbury ; but from 
 the R. of Hen. II. to K. Cha. I. was 
 the manor and feat of the Bacons, 
 who built its-Ch. and from them it 
 patted firft to the Walpoles, next to 
 Aubrey Porter, Efq; and laftly to 
 Thomas Le Heup, Efq;. 
 
 HEDLEY, (Surry] 3m. from Ep- 
 fom. Near Leatherhead-Down, upon 
 the edge of this p. which has a great 
 deal of wood about it, there is a per- 
 fel Roman highway from London 
 to Darking, that appears in feveral 
 places bet. Guilford and Ripley, and 
 bet. Richmond and Putney. The 
 fliepherds of the Downs hereabouts 
 ufe, what they call a half-horn, /. e, 
 a horn flit lengthways, and nailed to 
 the end of a ftaff, as long as the fhep- 
 herds crooks, with which they can 
 hurl
 
 H E 
 
 H E 
 
 burl a flone a great way, and fo keep 
 their fheep within due bounds. This 
 instrument is feen in feme pictures 
 and hangings, but is not in ufe any 
 where elfe. The late Mrs. Stydolf 
 was Lady of this manor. 
 
 HEILEY, ( Stajf. ) in the p. of 
 Betley, was formerly the manor and 
 feat of the Lds. Audley, who built a 
 caftle here j and it defcended to the 
 Touchets Lds. Audley and Es. of Caf- 
 tlehaven. 
 
 HELBECK-LANDS,(ro>-*.N.R.) 
 
 near the rife of the Ure and b. of 
 Lancafliire, has a moft wild and dif- 
 mal profpecl among the hills. There 
 is a bridge over a rivulet here of one 
 entire ftcne from which the water 
 falls fo deep, that it ftrikes one with 
 horror to look down. 
 
 HELB ECK-SCAR , (Weftm.} by the 
 r. Gelt, was formerly the manor of 
 the Lds. Clifford, and has an infcrip- 
 tion left here by the Romans. 
 
 HELFORP, (Cornwall) W. of Fal- 
 mouth-Haven, has a fmall but good 
 harbour, where the /hips often go in 
 to load tin for London ; and here are 
 a good number of veflels for the pil- 
 chard trade, with abundance of IkiJ- 
 ful filhermen. 
 
 HELLENSFORD, (York. W. R. ) 
 near Wctherby , where a Roman mi- 
 Jicary way crofted the r. Wherf. 
 
 ST. HELLEN'S, ( Jjk of Wight ) 
 in Eaft-Medina, has a bay which runs 
 a confiderabic v, ay within land, and, 
 in a war with France, is often the 
 ftition and place of rendezvous for the 
 royal navy. At the mouth of the 
 bay is that clufl.tr of dirty rocks called 
 the Mixen. 
 
 HEI.LIFJEI D, (Tcrk. W. R.) in 
 Craven. The manor was parcel of 
 thi eftate of the priory of St. John of 
 J^rufalem, and has a chapel near it, 
 with 3 almfli. 
 
 %$ HE i. MBS LEY, (tt>r*.N.R.) 
 in Khidal-Vaie, near the r. Rhye, 
 with a brook running through it, 
 165 cm. 197 mm. from London, had 
 formerly a caftla for defence of this 
 part agaijjft tho Scots invaders, and 
 
 was a feat of the late D. of Bucking 
 ham. Its Mt. is S. 
 
 294mm. from London, is a trading 
 populous T. well fituated on the r. 
 Cober, not far from its influx into the 
 fea ; one of thofe appointed for the 
 coinage of tin, and the place of af- 
 fembly for the W. divifion of the 
 /hire. By a grant of Edw. III. it hag 
 a Mt. on .?. and Fairs on March 1 3, 
 July 9, Aug. zqj Off. 2.8, the fecond 
 S. before St. Thomas-day, and the Ss, 
 before Midlent-Sunday, Palm - Sit ;;<%,. 
 and Wbit-Sund. It had formerly a 
 priory and a caftle, and fent members 
 to Pt. in the R. of Edw. I. but was 
 not incorporated till the zjth of Q^ 
 Eliz. who appointed a mayor, to be 
 chofe on Sept. 29, and 4 aid. who are 
 to be of the C.C. and to chufc 24 
 afiiftants. The manor bel. to the Pr. 
 of Wales, as D. of Cornwall. Here 
 is a large Mt.-houfe and a Guild- 
 Hall, and 4 ftreets that lie in the 
 form of a crofs, with a little channel 
 of water running through each. The 
 fteeple of the Ch. with its fpite, is 
 90 foot high, and a fea-mark. A 
 little below the T. there is a tolerable 
 good harbour, where feveral of the 
 tin /hips take in their lading, K. 
 John exempted this place from paying 
 toll any where, but in the city of 
 London ; and from being implcaded 
 any where, but in their own Bor. 
 
 HEMINGSTON, (Suffolk) on the 
 E. fide of Needham, was a manor 
 held by Baldwin de Pcttcur ; fur 
 which, fays Camden, who bids MS 
 obferve the name, he was oblicrd 
 every Cl-riflmiis-duy to perform bcfoie 
 theK. one Salt us, a Sufflatus, and 4 
 Bombulus 5 which, as Camden in- 
 terprets it, was to dance, to make a 
 noile with his checks, and to let a 
 fart. Suth was the coarfe jollity of 
 thofe times. 
 
 HEMMINGTON, ( Nor r Lamp. ) oa 
 tru- N. E. fide of Bamwcli, and S. . 
 of Pok-brook, the ancient feat of the 
 family of the D. of Montague. Here 
 is a fmull ch. fc. 
 
 Y HIMPSTI*,
 
 H E 
 
 H E 
 
 HEMPS TED. (EjJ'ex) is a chapel 
 of eafe to Sarnford-Magna ; wherein 
 lie interred the Harveys, who had 
 their feat here ; and particularly the 
 famous Dr. Will. Harvey, who found 
 out the circulation of the blood, upon 
 whole monument is a long epitaph. 
 Here was alfo a feat of the Mor- 
 dounts, anceitors of the Es. of Peter- 
 borough ; of whom Sir Rob. Mor- 
 daunt had the advowfon of this cha- 
 pel ; from whom it paffed to the 
 Harveys of Chigvvell. 
 
 HEMPSTED, (Gloc.) bet. Glo- 
 cefter and Lanthony, to whofe priory 
 it once bel. and near Newark-Houfe, 
 the feat of the late Ld. Scudamore, 
 and now of Mr. Lyon?, is a p. by the 
 Severn, about 6m. in com. At the 
 Difl". it was given to Tho. Atkyns, 
 the anccftor of the late Sir Rob. At- 
 kyns. The great tithes, with fome 
 land and the liberty of fiihing in the 
 Severn, were granted by Hen. VIII. 
 to Arthur Porter, Efq; and the fmall 
 tithes by Q^Eliz. toSirChr.Hutton. 
 (^ HEMPSTED, or HEMEL- 
 HEMPSTED,(//ar//".)i3 cm. zgmrn. 
 from London, has a Mt. on Tb. and 
 Fairs on Holy-Crofs-day, the Tb. after 
 Trimiy-M. and the 2d M. in Sept. 
 It was granted to the abbey of St. Al- 
 bans, in the time of the Saxons, by 
 the name of Henamited, or Hean- 
 Hempfted, ;'. e. High- Hempfted. 
 Will, the Conq. gave part of it to 
 Earl Moreton, who held it by the 
 name of Hemelamftede. After the 
 Diff. both the manor and T. were 
 granted by Hen. VIII. to John Wa- 
 terhoufe, Efq; his Auditor, who pre- 
 vailed on him to incorporate this vil- 
 lage by the name of a bailiff; and to 
 empower the inh. to have a common 
 feal, and a pye-powder court during 
 its Mt. and Fairs. It has been rec- 
 koned one of the greater}. Mis. for 
 wheat in this Co. if not in England, 
 2,0,000 /. a week being often returned 
 in it only for meal. Eleven pair of 
 mills ftand within 4 m. of the place, 
 vhich bring a great trade to it ; but 
 the road is thereby fo continually torn, 
 
 that it is one of the worft turnpike 
 ways to London. 
 
 HEMPSTON, BROAD and LIT- 
 TLE, (Devon*) near Afliburton. The 
 former once gave title of Baron to the 
 Cantelupes, and by marriage of a 
 daughter pafled to Sir Tho. Weft. 
 The latter, which is in the p. of 
 Harberton, was the ancient eftate of 
 the Cheyneys ; from whom it def- 
 cended to Willoughby Ld. Brooke, 
 and afterwards it came toKnolles. 
 
 HEMPTON, (Norfolk) en the S. 
 fide of Fakenham, where formerly 
 was a priory, has a Fair in Wbirfun- 
 Weeh, and one for cattle Nov. 1 1 . 
 
 HEMSW EI.L, (Line.} near Nr-r- 
 inanby. The parfcnage be!, to the 
 corp. of Lincoln, by purchafe from 
 K. Hen. VIII. 
 
 HEMS WORTH, (York. W. R.) to 
 the N.E. of Barnelley. Rob. Hoi- 
 gate, Abp. of York, who was turned 
 out of his fee by Q._Mary I. becaufe 
 he was married, founded an hof. here 
 for 10 poor old men, and as many 
 women ; and if he was not the foun- 
 der of the fc. here, he was a bene- 
 factor to it. The rectory is 300 /. 
 a year. 
 
 HENEURY, (Gloc.) near Briftol, 
 2 m. from St. Vincent's rocks, is a p. 
 25 m. in com. of which the part to- 
 wards the Severn is mar/hy. 'Tis 
 alfo of large jurifdidlion ; for feveral 
 lands in 11 adjacent ps. are held of it, 
 and divers fi/hings in the Severn bel. 
 to it. In the R. of Edw. VI. it was 
 granted by the crown to Sir Ralph 
 Sadler ; after which it came to the 
 Morfes, whofe family held it for 
 feveral generations, till it went, by 
 marriage of the heirefs, firft to Sir 
 Sam. Aftrey, clerk of the crcwn in 
 chancery, and afterwards to Simon 
 Harcourt, Efq; clerk of the crown 
 in the K's. -bench ; after whofe de- 
 ceafe it went to Lady Arabella Wai- 
 den, her youngeft daughter, by Sir 
 Sam. Afbey, who married Henry Ld. 
 Waldcn, fon and heir apparent cf 
 Henry then E. of Suffolk and Bin- 
 don. The impropriation of the vi- 
 carage
 
 H E 
 
 H E 
 
 carage bel. to Mr. Fane, and is worth 
 200 /. a year. A fr. fc. was creeled 
 here by Mr. Edwards, of King's- 
 Wefton. In the chancel of its Ch. 
 lies Sir Robert Southwell, who died 
 in 1702, after having been en- 
 vi y extraordinary to feveral courts. 
 Mr. Sampfon has a feat here. In 
 this p. is a camp, with 3 rampiers 
 and trenches, fuppofed to have been 
 Briti/h. 
 
 HEN DON, (Midii.] en the N. 
 fide of HampfteJ, was a manor pur- 
 chafed by Dunilan Abp. of Canter- 
 bury, and given to the men. of St, 
 Peter's at Weft;*';nfter ; but at the 
 DifT. K. Hen. VJII. gave it, with 
 the vicarage and rectory, to Sir Tho. 
 Herbert, from whom it defcended to 
 his pofterity the Earls of Powis. 
 Here is a ch. fc. The boors of this 
 place ufei to be reckoned the greateft 
 clo'.vns in the Co. It was the feat 
 of Sir Will. Rawlinfon-Earl, Ld.- 
 mayor of London, as it is now of 
 Will. Rawlinfcn-Earl, Efq;. 
 
 HENDRED-EAST, (Berks] 3 m. 
 E. of Wantage, though now a vil- 
 lage of not more than about 150 
 houfes, was at the DifT, a confider- 
 able Mt.-town. It Hands on the 
 b. of the Vale of White-Horfe, at 
 the foot of the downs under Cuck- 
 hamfley-Hill. It is but a fingle p. 
 though fituate in z Hs. <vix. Wan- 
 t-age and Reading, has 3 ccnftables 
 and 3 tithing-men, and 5 mnnors, 
 in all which is kept a court-barcn, 
 and in 3 of them a court-leet. 
 
 HENBRED-WEST, (Berks] on the 
 S. W. fide of the former, from which 
 a cart road leads to it, called Pater- 
 nofter-Banoke ; on the N. fide of 
 which is that called Chapel-Furlong, 
 which was held by praying for the 
 dead. A little brook from Ginge a- 
 bove a m. to the S. W. runs through 
 this to the former Hendrcd. 
 
 HEN GRAVE, (Stiff.) N. W. of 
 St. Edmondibury, was tfce manor 
 of Edmund dc Hengrave, a famous 
 lawyer in the R, of Edvv. I. but in 
 later times that of the K.itfons, who 
 
 built themfelves a very neat feat 
 here ; and now that of Sir Thomas 
 Gnge, Bt. . 
 
 HtNGSTON-HiLi., (Corn.) not 
 far from Launceiton, had formerly 
 rich veins of tin ; and the tinners, 
 both of Cornwall and Devon, ufed 
 to meet here in great numbers every 
 7th or 8th year, to confult their 
 common inter* ll. 
 
 HF.NINOHAM-CASTLE, (EJfix) 
 to the S.W. of Sudbury in Suffolk, 
 on the r. Coin, formerly the feat of 
 the Veres Earls of Oxford, who 
 .! priory and an hof. here, 
 . ured a Mt. here on M. now 
 dii':fe.i ; but it has Fairs on May 3, 
 July 26, and Dec. 6. It has fince 
 been the feat of Nich. Jekyl, ar.J 
 of Mr. Afhurrr. Its Ch. is a dona- 
 tive, or curacy, not charged either 
 with firft-fruits or procurations. 
 
 HENINGHAM-SIELE, (E/tx) a 
 little to the S. W. of the former, en 
 the other fide of the Coin, was the 
 birth-place of Sir John Hawkwood, 
 who, though the fon of a tanner 
 here, and apprenticed to a taylor ia 
 London, being prefled into the fcr- 
 vice of K. Edw. III. fignalized him- 
 felf fo well in that K's. war with 
 France, that he made him a captain, 
 and knighted him ; and offering his 
 fervice afterwards to the States of 
 Florerjce, he therein acquitted him- 
 felf fo bravely, that Galeazo D. of 
 Milan gave him his daughter in mar- 
 riage, and he was afterwards buried 
 in the cathedral of Florence, where 
 his memory was honoured by tha.t 
 republic with his ftatue on horfe*- 
 back, and a ftately tomb. The 
 people of Heningham alfo ereled a 
 cenotaph for him in this Ch. which 
 is arched over, and has hawks carved 
 upon it as if they were flying in a 
 wcod, alluding thereby to his name ; 
 and the manor he had in this p. is 
 ftill called Ha'wk'ivood''s, though it 
 was not very long fince that of Hep. 
 Scmc-rs, Efq; of Braintree. 
 
 if^ 3 HENLEY UPON THAMES, 
 
 (0.x/.) 29 cm, 35 mm. from London, 
 
 Y a U4
 
 H E 
 
 H E 
 
 had a flone-bridge, now a wooden 
 one, over the r. and is faid to be 
 the oldefl T. in the Co. It was an- 
 ciently tha Lp. of the Eail of Corn- 
 wall, afterwards Ld. Hungerford's, 
 and in the R. of Hen. VII. that of 
 Id ward Ld. Haftings, by marriage of 
 Ld. Hungerford's daughter. It is a 
 corp. governed by a warden, bur- 
 gefies, &c. and has a Mt. on Tb. 
 and Fairs on Feb. 24, Holy-Th. Tri- 
 rily-Tb. and Tb. before Midfumn:cr. 
 It is thought that on many Mt. days 
 in the year, there are fold 300 cart- 
 loads of malt and other corn. The 
 inh. are generally maltfters, meal- 
 sr.cn, and bargemen, who inrich the 
 neighbourhood, as well as fupport 
 themfelves, by carrying corn, malt, 
 and wood to London. Here are two 
 good fr. fcs. betides a ch. fc. one a 
 grammar fc. founded by K. James I. 
 and another for teaching, cloathing, 
 and apprenticing feveral poor child- 
 ren, by the Lady Elizabeth Periam, 
 which is called the Blue-Coat fchool. 
 An almfh. was alfo built here by 
 Lorgjand Bp. of Lincoln, which is 
 governed by the ccrp. The bounty 
 of nature itfelf to this T. is fecn in 
 thefc articles, fix. a fort of rnar- 
 chafite ; and a black flint, which, 
 if polifhed, would ferve as a touch- 
 flonr ; it is ufed in making of plafs ; 
 and there is a fort of fand here, 
 wh.ch gives it a confiftency and body. 
 .Koir.uu coin: have been often found 
 in its Mr. -place. The Chiltern- 
 Hjlls run in a ridge from hence, and 
 feparste this Co. from Bucks. 
 
 3- HENLEY IN ARDEN, (War.) 
 7Z cm. 85 mm. from London, near 
 the r. Arrow, was anciently a mem- 
 ber of Wotron-Waven, but after- 
 wards annexed to Beaucefert, where 
 was once a caftle of the Montforts, 
 and a Mt. kept at it by grant of K. 
 Stephen, which was the cccafion of 
 fcuilding the T. for the reception of 
 the Mt. -people, at the bottom of the 
 hill whereon the caftle flood. The 
 Mt. was held on M. as it is now, 
 and it had a Fair Stft. i, as it has 
 
 now on St. Luke t -day. About the 
 time of the battle of Evefham it 
 was burnt ; but in the R. of Edw. L 
 it recovered, and was called the Bor. 
 of Henley. Frcm the Montforts it 
 pafled to the Beauchamps Earls of 
 Warwick, and from his heirs it de- 
 fcended in the R. of Rich. II. to Sir 
 Tho. Boteler, whofe defcendant, Sir 
 Ralph, Ld. Sudeley, in the R. of 
 Hen. VI. obtained for it not only 
 St. Lukis Fair, but another on Whit- 
 fa -T. From the Botelers it patted 
 by marriage to Sir John Norbury and 
 Will. Belknap, Efoj who alienating 
 it to Ambrofe Dudley Earl of War- 
 wick, it came to the crown by his 
 death without iflue, and there con- 
 tinued till K. James I. gave it to 
 John Ld. Digby. Here is a chapel 
 of eafe to Waveney, the p. Ch. 
 which chapel was firft built in the 
 4iftof Edw. III. 
 
 HENLIP, (Wore.} on the N. E. 
 fide of Worcefter city, was a fair feat 
 of the Abingtons, one of whom, 
 vix. William de Abington, married 
 Lucy the daughter of Will. Herbert 
 Ld. Powis. In this very houfe Gar- 
 ret and Oldcorn, the two jefuits fo 
 deeply concerned in the gun-powder 
 plot, were apprehended, in the cavity 
 of a wall over a chimney, and here 
 was written that very cbfcure letter 
 to the Ld. Monteagle, by Mrs. Ab- 
 ington his fifter, which gave a fufpi- 
 cion, and thereby occafioned a dif- 
 covery of the plot. 
 
 HENSBERY-HILL, (Comic.) on 
 the N. W. fide of Leftwithiel, had 
 the principal beacon, it being the 
 hjgheft bill in the Co. and com- 
 manding a view of both the N. and 
 S. fea, as well as of above 30 m. 
 into Devon/hire, and almoft to the 
 Land's-end on the W. which is a- 
 bcve 40 m. 
 
 HENTON ST. GEORGE, (Scm.) 
 2 m. frcm Crewkern, ftands on a 
 high plain, from whence in a clear 
 (fay theie is a prcfpeft of both feas. 
 Here is a paik, with fine plantatkr.s 
 and gardens made by the late Earl 
 PouJet,
 
 HE HE 
 
 Poulet, to whole family this Lp. it was of the Englifh after it, who 
 came by the marriage of their an- were Rationed here to awe the 
 certor, Sir Will. Poulet, with Eliza- Welfh. It is one of the moft an- 
 beth the daughter and heirefs of John cient Bpks. in England, but fuffered 
 Deu -riband of this place, which Sir fo much by the wars bet. theSaxcns 
 William was the father of Sir Amias and Britons, that at the Norman in- 
 Poulec, who being a juftice of peace vafion it was almoft in ruins. They 
 Jn the R. of Hen. VIII. put cardinal reuuilt it, and erefted a large ftrong 
 Woli'ey, then but a fchoolmafter, in caule, now in ruins, it having been 
 the fto'eks. defended by the Emprefs Maud a- 
 
 HENWOOD, (Jf'anv.) ontheS.E. gainft K. Stephen, who took it; 
 fi.le of Si.lihul!, was a part of the and having fullered very much in 
 manor of Langdon, and had a nun- the barons war, that bet. the houfes 
 n-jry. At the Diil". it was granted of York and Lancafter, and in the 
 to John Higford and his heirs, whofe late civil war, in which laft it was 
 g.randfi:n fold it to Mr. Will. Spooner, taken and retaken feveral times, by 
 about the year 1640. the forces of K. Cha. I. and the Pt. 
 
 HERDWICK-PRIORS, (Warw.) and two of its Chs. alfo deftroyed, 
 on the N. E. fide of Wormleighcon, fo that it has only four, befides ths 
 bel. formerly to the monks of Co- cathedral. It gave title of Earl about 
 ventry ; but after the Dj(T. was the time of the Conq. to William, 
 granted by Hen. VIII. to Sir Edmund Fitz-Qiborn, and for zoo years after 
 Knightley, but was kid in the R. of to the heroic family of Bohun. It 
 Q^ Eliz. to Ralph Blount, whofe afterwards gave title of D. to Henry- 
 fun fold it to Sir William Samuel of of Lancafter, (John of Gaunt' s fon) 
 Northamptonshire, as did his fon to who was afterwards K. Hen. IV. of 
 V/iliiam Ld. Spender, a fon of w om England, when it again gave title of 
 was polic'led of it in 1640. Earl to Edm. Stafford Earl of Buc- 
 
 There is another HERDWICK in kingham ; which being forfeited by 
 tluH'e |V:rt:, which was a member of the execution of Henry D. of Buc- 
 D.tflet, and lei. formerly part to the kingham for treafon, in the time of 
 Su.lk-ys, ana part to the Kts. Temp- Rich. III. the earldom remained va- 
 1 iri. The latter came afterwards to cant, and its honorary title funk toi 
 tut: Kts. Mofpitallers, who enjoyed it that cf Vifc. in the family of Deve- 
 till the D;h'. after which their lands reux Earl of Efiex, whofe defcen- 
 v.ere granted by the crown to Edw. dants, in a collateral branch, were 
 Agliouby and Henry Hugford, who premier Yifcs. of England ; but by 
 palled them to Mr. Wotton. the death of the Jaft the title is ex- 
 
 HIRUWICK, (/^iirw.j^in the p. tinft. The city is about i m, and 
 of Lemington-Haftings, bel. to a fa- an half in com. but not very po- 
 jnily of the Herdwicks, but went by pulous. The houfes are old, and 
 marriage of an heircfs to William by reafon of its low fituation, the 
 Dingley, Efq; whofe fon pafled it to ftreets are dirty, it being incompaffed 
 Rich. Clever, in the R. of Q._El!z. with rs. on all fides but the E. and 
 and his grandfon, Will. Cjever, en^ often annoyed by the fwell of the 
 joyed it in 1640, iince which it came Wye on the S. fide of it, over which 
 to Baron Trevor. it has a fame-bridge, It is governed 
 
 >jc HEBE* ORB, (Heref.) 112 cm. by a mayor and 12 aid. high-fteward, 
 130 mm. from London. The name deputy-fteward, recorder, and town- 
 imports, that it was the ford of the clerk, with 31 C. C. (among whom 
 8rmy, it having been for feveral are reckoned the mayor and 5 of the 
 tuAfltlred years before the Conqueft aid. who are juftices of the peace-) 
 tLt. head- carters of tixe Saxoos, as a fword. bearer, and 4 ferjeanta at 
 
 Y 3 mace,
 
 H E 
 
 H E 
 
 mace. The trading companies here 
 rwne their diftinct halls, laws and 
 privileges, but gloves and feme ether 
 leathern warns arc their only mt'. 
 and here arc held the cflizes, quarter- 
 iefJlons, county-courts, 65V. 1 he 
 cathedra], which was built in 1050, 
 and deftroyed by the Welflj in 1060, 
 but rebuilt in the R. of the Conq. 
 or, as fome fay, in that of Henry I. 
 is a beautiful and ma^n ficent firuc- 
 ture. Its Mts. are on IV. F. and 5. 
 The 5's. Mt. is chiefly fcr cattle, 
 fheep and hogs, the others for corn, 
 and ail forts of provifions. Fairs fcr 
 .3 days each, vix. March zc, Eafitr- 
 W. May IQ, June 19, Off. 8 and 
 2.1, and fu. after Candlemas. Here 
 is an hof. founded in the R. of Q^ 
 Eliz. and well endowed, for iz poor 
 pec pie ; and a ch. fcs. cne fcr 60 
 boj s, the other for 40 girls. Here 
 were formerly 2 or 3 priories. On 
 the other fide of the Wye is a feat 
 which bel. formerly to the Boden- 
 hams, and fince to the heirs of Mr. 
 Vanaker, which is one of the plea- 
 fanteft in all this part of the Co. 
 having a fpacious park before it, and 
 the r. Wye behind it, and on each 
 fide verdant meadows, end fruitful 
 corn-fieldf. Almcft the only drink 
 here is cyder, which is both cheap 
 and good, the very hedges in the 
 country being planted with apple- 
 trees. The Rtdftreak-tree is a large 
 Inn near the T.-hall, where one 
 aid. Ford got and faved feveral thou- 
 land pounds. 
 
 HiRiNGyt-EET, (Suffolk) am. 
 from MildenhalJ, the ieat of Sir 
 Edmund Bacon, Bt. built by his an- 
 ceftor Sir Butts Baccn, Bt. had for- 
 merly a men. 
 
 HERMITAGE, (Dorjtt.) in the 
 Vale of White-Hart, on the S. fide 
 cf C'ifton, wa? the feat of the late 
 Will. Collier, Efq;. It is recorded 
 that, Jan. 13, 1585, a pretty large 
 fpot of ground was removed heie 
 by the force of a fubterrancous wind, 
 and tarried 40 rod, leaving a great 
 
 pit where it had been, and retaining 
 the tree: ?nd hedges on it intire 
 
 HZRCXDEN, (Kent), in the p. of 
 Fleet, near Staple, was for many 
 ages the eftate of a family of thut 
 name, whofe arms was a heron with 
 one talon creeled, gaping for breath, 
 till it was carried by the heirefs in 
 marriage toBcteler of Boteler's-Fleet, 
 in Am. Here is a Fair Sept. zi. 
 
 HESSEL, (Turk. E. R.) near the 
 Humber, S. W. of Hull, bel. an- 
 ciently to the Stutevils, whole heiress, 
 Johanna, gave it to the canons of 
 Walton. The imprefiion on her feal 
 was a woman riding fideways, with 
 the bridle in her right-hand, /he be- 
 mg the firft that 'tis faid began that 
 cuftom, now in ul'e with her fex. 
 
 HESTON, (MieU.} N. W. of 
 Hounflow, half a m. frrm the Wind- 
 for road, was fo noted heretofore, 
 fays Caniden, fcr its fine wheat- 
 flour, that our Ks. made choice cf 
 it for their own bread. 
 
 HtTHCOTt, ( I'/tzrw. ) on the 
 'S. E. fide of Warwick, was a manor 
 given to its collegiate Ch. by Hen.1V. 
 and after the Dili, granted to George 
 Tre/ham and Edward Twyniho. r.nd 
 their heirs, fiom th former of whom 
 it was conveyed to Will. Morcote. 
 
 HF.THCOTZ, (Wane.} in the pa- 
 riih of Wafnenoe, N. W. of the for- 
 mer, was heretofore granted to the 
 neighbouring men. of Thelesford j 
 but ai'ier the Dill, it \VES given to 
 Tho. Aruern and V, r ill. Walter, and 
 to the poftt-rity of the latter it has 
 bel. ever fines. 
 
 HETHIR-HILL, (Surry) in the 
 p. of Darking, owes its name, it 
 feems, to the Hethers family, who 
 it is faid have had laud in this p. 
 from before the Conq. and ftill con- 
 tinue here. 
 
 HKVYTREE, (Devon.) i m. and 
 half without the E. gate of Exeter, 
 to which city it is the Tyburn, or 
 common place of execution, and from 
 thence it is iuppofcd to kave the 
 name, Here is a plat of ground
 
 HE HE 
 
 inclofed for the interment of the bo- change made with K. Hen. VIIT. 
 
 dies that are hanged on its gallows, whereby it was annexed to the crown, 
 
 and land appropriated to buy them as it was in the R. of Q._Eliz. to t!ii 
 
 fhrov.do by the reliit of Mr. Tuck- Co. of Northumberland, being fub- 
 
 fie.d, a merchant of Exeter, in the jetted to the lame judicature : But 
 
 R. of Edw. VI. An almfho. for 12 this is only to be underftood of c'>.\'.} 
 
 poor old people was begun by Sir matters ; for its eccleliaftical jurifdic- 
 
 Rob. Dennis in this p. in 1492, and tion is not the fame with the reft of 
 
 finifhed by his fon. The manor of the Co. it being ftill a peculiar bel. 
 
 this place has long been in the family to the Abp. of York; and the vulgar 
 
 of Kelly. ftill call the neighbouring country 
 
 HEWEL.GRANGE, (War.'] 3m. Hexhamihire. 'Tis a well-built T. 
 E. from Bromfgrove, was given by and a Corp. governed by a bailirYchofe 
 the Emprefs Maud to the neighbour- yearly. Thi W. end of its ancient 
 ing mon. of Bordefley in Worceftcr- Ch. built in the time of the Saxon?, 
 fhire ; but at the Ref. K. Hen. VIII. is demolished, but the reft rianoa en- 
 granted it therewith to Sir Andrew tire, and is a very itately ftructure, 
 Windfor, Knt. Ld. Windfor, in ex- though it was much damaged in the 
 change for the manor of Stanwell civil wars, the firft blood therein 
 in Middlefex. The fucceedln Lds. fhed being drawn in its neighbour- 
 Windier made it one of their princi- hood ; where an Engli/h detachment, 
 pal feats, as it is now of Ld. Wind- though advantageously pofted, was 
 for, E. of Plymouth. defeated by a party of Scots, who 
 
 HE WISH, (DcWtf.)bet. Hatherley fought their way through the Tine, 
 
 and Torrington, bel. to a family of and killed 400 men, and put the reft 
 
 the fame name, from Hen. II. to the to flight ; which was (bon followed 
 
 l.-tter end of Edw. III. and was after- with the tame furreader of Newcaf- 
 
 wards purchafed by Leonard Yeo of tie, from which it is about 15 m. dif- 
 
 the Heanton family, whofe pofterity tance. The Mt. here is Tu. Fairs on 
 
 have a feat here. Dec. 8, July z6, and Of?. 29; the 
 
 HEXGRAvE-PARK,(.Afo.)inthe two laft for leather. Part of the old 
 
 p. of Southwell, and on the N. W. mon. was foon after the Diff. turned 
 
 fide of it, is fuppofed to have been into a dwelling-houfe by Sir John 
 
 made by Walter, Abp. of York, in Fofter, whofe pofterity fold it to Sir 
 
 the R. of Hen. III. Sir Hugh-Cart- John Fenwick ; and his to Sir Will, 
 
 wright and his pofterity had a leafe BJacket, Bt. whofe defeendant of the 
 
 of it ; and it went by marriage of the fame name now enjoys it. A rivulet, 
 
 laft Sir Hugh's daughter to a fon of called Hexbold, runs by the T. which 
 
 the late Abp. Sterne. fometimes fuddenly overflows it. 
 
 ^> HEXHAM, (Nortbumb.} near HEXTON, (Martf.) near Luton 
 
 the conflux of the N. and S. Tyne, in Bedfordihire, famous for a battle 
 
 211cm. 276 mm. from London, had wherein the Danes were routed by 
 
 a mon. once, with liberties fo large the Saxons, bel. anciently to the sb- 
 
 that procured it the name of a fhire ; bey of St. Albans 5 whofe abbots were 
 
 andbya&ofPt.intheR.ofHen.VIII. for 510 years patrons of its Ch. dedi- 
 
 it was of itfelf made a Co. palatine, cated to St. Faith, whofe fbtue was 
 
 It alfo was the fee of a Bp. but the erected over a fountain near the Ch.- 
 
 diocefe was fo haraffed and ruined by yard, called St. Faith's- Wei). K. 
 
 the Danes, that no man would accept Hen. VIII. after the Diff. granted the 
 
 of the Bpk. and therefore it was uni- manor to Sir Richard Lee 5 whofe 
 
 ted to Lindisfarn ; and the manor daughter carrying it by marriage to 
 
 bel. to the Abps. of York, till they Edw. Sadlier, Efq^ he conveyed it to 
 
 parted with thir right, in an x- his brother, Ha. Sadlier, who &ld is
 
 H E 
 
 H E 
 
 Jh 1593 to Pet. Taverner of Oxford- 
 fhire. The place ftands at the foot 
 of rocks, from whence iffue many 
 fprings ; and betwixt it and Lv 
 many burrows, or hillocks, fuppofed 
 to lave been caft up for the bodies cf 
 thofe flain in the battle above-men- 
 tioned. 
 
 HEYEARNJS, (Hartf.} en the r. 
 Cole, S. W. of Yaidky,'is a member 
 cf the manor of Bordefiey, goes now 
 by the name of Iley-Aliil ; and Sir 
 Clebcry Holt is Ld. of the manor. 
 
 HEYBKIDGE, (Ejl'cx} en the r. 
 oppofite to M.'.lden, was granted by 
 K. Atheiftan to St. Paul's-Cathedral 
 in London ; and had this privilege, in 
 the R. of Ea\v. II that no purveyor 
 of the K's. houfiiold ihould take any 
 coin in its precindts. The D. and C. 
 of St. Paul's prefent to its vicarage. 
 
 HEYD^N and HEYDEN-ER IGG, 
 (Ncrtb-.iKb.} once a member of the 
 rr.snor of Lr.r.gley, bel. to Ld. Lacy of 
 Cockermouth, who, in the R. of 
 Edw. III. obtained a .Vlt. hcri on Tu. 
 and a fair on St. Mary Ma?<'.".;:xs ; 
 but it came afterwards to the Earls 
 Piercy. 
 
 HE YD OK, (Ejffex) not far from. 
 Earkv. ay, in the read to Norwich, was 
 anciently held by the Piggots of Not- 
 tingham/hire, but afterwards palled 
 by marriage to the Wiltfhires and 
 Afplands ; from whoni it came to 
 the Soames, and fince that to Sir 
 Peter Soame, Bt. 
 
 KEYFORU-PuacELi. and HKY- 
 FORD-WARREN, (Oxf.) both fituate 
 on the E. bank cf the Charwell, to 
 the N. W. of Bicefter, were fo called 
 from their ancient Los. the Purcells 
 and Warrens. The latter went by 
 marriage, in the R. of Edw. III. to 
 the Lilies. It lies to the N. of the 
 former ; and the reflory of its p. was 
 fettled on Corpus-Chrifti-Coll. by its 
 prefident Robert Mor.vent. 
 
 HEYFOSP, UPPER and LOWER, 
 (Nonwrap.) lies on that called the 
 \Veitern- Water, to the N. of Bug- 
 brook. The p. is noted for a mea- 
 4ow i it cftl 
 
 about half a m. from the Roman w.y 
 called V/atling-Street, where a curious 
 chequered pavement was difccvereJ in 
 1699, exceeding ail ever betou found 
 in England. It confuted of little 
 bricks or tiles, artificially tinged \v.th 
 uj, jxilo'.v, and blue, as 
 fmooth as poiifhed marble, and ex- 
 actly difpofed in a variety of regular 
 figures. It \vas about 15 foot long, 
 nnd is thought to have been the bu- 
 rial-place of feme noble Roman fa- 
 mily, that refided at Bennavenna in 
 the neighbourhood, now Wedon in 
 the Street. The late D. of Powis had 
 a feat here. 
 
 HEYWOOD, GREAT snd LJT- 
 TI.E, ( Staff, ) en the E. fide of 
 Stafford, near the influx of the Sow 
 into the Trent, bel. formerly to the 
 Bps. cf Coventry and Litchfieid; one 
 of whom, in the R. of Hen. III. gave 
 it to his valet, Rob. Afton, wholb 
 defendants enjoyed it, 'till the R. of 
 Edw. VI. fir-ce which it has bel. to 
 the Lds. Facets. Bet. this place and 
 Sov.'borough, or Shutbcrcugh, there 
 is a hcrfe- bridge over the Trent, 
 longer than any in England, having 
 near 40 arches. 
 
 3- HICK LING, (Kirfo/i} in a 
 marih-ground, not far frcin the fea, 
 loo cm. 1 19 mm. from London, v.as 
 granted in tail-fpecial, by Rich. III. 
 to John Howard, whom he afterwards 
 created D. of Norfoik. Here was 
 formerly a priory. The Mt. is S. 
 
 HICXLJNG, (Afar.) on the b. of 
 Leiceftcrfhire, ne;r Over and Neiher- 
 Droughton, was lately the efiate of 
 Rich. Maunsfield of Leek, Efq. Some 
 lands here formerly bel. to the priory 
 of ThurgArton, which upon the DifT. 
 were granted, by Ed-,v. VI. to Lionel 
 Ducket and Edw. Whitchurch 5 but 
 reverting afterwards to the crown, 
 were granted by Q^Eliz. to Sir Tho. 
 Crefliam. 
 
 HIDE, (H.irtf.} in the p. ofAb- 
 bati-Langky, to the N. W. of Lang- 
 leybury, was granted by Hen. Vlil. 
 Li fpecial tail to the D. of Norfolk ; 
 but it has been long line; paffed to 
 the
 
 H E 
 
 H E 
 
 he Greenhills of Harrow. Upon a 
 death, or alienation of this manor, 
 the heir, or purchafer, pays 6 d. an 
 acre for a fine, and 10 s. for a her- 
 riot. 'Tis called Welt-Hide, todif- 
 tingui/h ir from the two following in 
 the fame Co. vix, 
 
 i. HIDE-HALL, upon a hill on the 
 E. fide of the r. Stort, in the p. of 
 Sawbridgworth, the feat and manor 
 of Sir Strange Jocelyn, Bt. but an- 
 ciently of the Mandevils and the 
 Hides. It lies within the duchy of 
 Lancafter. 
 
 2 HIDE-HALL in Sandon, which 
 was called Oliver's, from one Oliver 
 its Ld. in the R. of Hen. VI. It 
 pafTed at length to the Hides, by 
 whom the feat was here built, called 
 Hide-Hall ; and in the R. of K. 
 Jam. I. was fold to Sir Tho. Cheek, 
 who conveyed it to Thomas E. of Ex- 
 eter, as the E. 6-id to Sir Julius Cje- 
 far. His fen fold it, in 1656, to Will. 
 Franklin of Grays-Inn, who dying 
 without iffue, it came to his only 
 fifter and heirefs ; and, by her mar- 
 riage, to Nicholas Miller 5 who was 
 knighted by Cha. II. and fettled it on 
 his fen Franklyn Miller. It had its 
 prefent name from Q._Eliz, who was 
 entertained here by one of the Hides. 
 
 HIDE-HOUSE, (Hamf.) in the N. 
 part of Winchefter, is an undemo- 
 lifhed piece cf an old mon. where 
 fome rcman-catholick gentry are ftill 
 tolerated with refidence and where, 
 it is faiJ, they have an oratory, and 
 live according to the rules of St. Be- 
 nedict. 
 
 HIDE-PARK, (Mid.) reaches from 
 the new buildings of London to Ken- 
 fington, bet. the roads to Bath and 
 Oxford, has a wall 6m. round, is 
 well ftored with deer ; and, befides a 
 r. lately cut in it, has a noble bafon 
 of water, which ferves the aforefaid 
 new buildings. 
 
 HICHAM, ( Kent ) to the E. of 
 Gravefend, near the Hope, bel. once 
 to a nunnery founded here by K. 
 Stephen. K. Hen. III. granted a 
 Fair hers on Michacltnas-day, and z 
 
 days after. At the Diff. K. Henry 
 VIII. granted it to St. John's-Coll. 
 in Cambridge for ever. 
 
 HICHAM, (Leic.} S. of Bofworth, 
 near the Watling-Street way, was a 
 manor of the Aflleys, which paffed 
 by marriage to Grey Marquifs of Dor- 
 fet, and fo became the inheritance of 
 the Greys cf Groby, Es. of Stamford. 
 In 1607, there were found, by turning 
 up a great ftone in this part of the 
 Watling-Street, 2.50 filvcr coins of 
 Hen. III. abot 3 d. each ; a gold ring, 
 one of agate, and another of filver, 
 wherein was a flat ruddy ftone, en- 
 graven with Arabic characters ; be- 
 fides great catch-hooks and keepers of 
 filver, with links cf a great gold 
 chain. There were alfo a or 3 pieces 
 of filver coin of the Emperor Trajan. 
 
 ^C HlGHAM-FERRIS, Or FER- 
 RERS, (Ncrtkamp.) 51 cm. 59mm. 
 from London, once one of the K's. 
 manors, took the latter name from 
 the Ferrers family, and bel. to the D. 
 of Lancafter formerly, who had a 
 caftle here near the Ch. the ruins of 
 which are ftill vifible ; and the for- 
 mer, from its fituation on a rifing 
 ground, defcending to the Nen on the 
 'N.W. Henry Chicheley, Abp. of 
 Canterbury, a native of this place, 
 founded a college in it for fccular 
 clerks and prebendaries, as likewife a 
 hof. for the poor. 'Tis a lir.all, but 
 clean, dry, healthful and pleafant T. 
 and is a royal manor, as part of the 
 duchy of Lancafter. It has a hand- 
 feme Ch. with a lefty fpire. In the 
 R. of Philip and Mary, it was made 
 a Bor. and corp. confifting of a may- 
 or, fteward, recorder, 7 aid. 13 ca- 
 pital burgefies and commonalty, with 
 power to fend one member to Pt. and 
 has a fr. fc. befides the almfli. for 
 12 men, and i woman. The Mt. is 
 on S. the Fairs Feb. 24, June 17, 
 Sept. 20, and Nrv. 25. 
 
 HIGH-CROSS, (Lcic.) nearSharn- 
 ford and b. of Wai wickfhirc, had a 
 high crofs fet up there formerly ; 
 which \sas fucceeded by a high pofi 
 erefted with props to fupport it, for a 
 beacon
 
 H I 
 
 H I 
 
 beacon to alarm the Co. in cafe cf 
 an invafion. The old Roman Wat- 
 ling-ftreet is crofied here by the Fofie 
 near the fcurce of the r. Soar. This 
 place is thought to be the centre and 
 the higheft ground of England. It 
 was the ancient Benonis, and is noted 
 for divers Roman antiquities. The 
 Jate Earl of Denbigh, (whofe feat is 
 near this road) and the nobility and 
 gentry of the neighbourhood, erecled 
 a fine crofs here in 1712, in memory 
 of the peace of Utrecht. 
 
 HIGHGATT., (Midd.} 4 m. on 
 the N. fide of London, a chapel of 
 eafi; to Pancras and Hcrnfey, is fo 
 called partly from its high fituation, 
 overlooking London and great part of 
 Kent, Effex, and Hartfcrdihire, and 
 partly from a gate fet up there abc\_- 
 400 years ago, to receive toll : 
 Bp. of London, when the old miry 
 road from Gray's-Inn-Lane to Bar- 
 net was turned through the Bp's. 
 park. This toll was farmed by Q._ 
 Elizabeth, at 40 /. a veir. Where 
 the chapel ftands was formerly an 
 hermitage, and one of the hermits 
 caufed a caufey to be made bet. High- 
 gate and Iflington, by gravel dug out 
 of the top cf the bilJ, where is now 
 a pond. The Bp. of London pre- 
 fented the hermits, the laft of whom 
 was William Forts, prefented to the 
 hermitage, in 1531, by Bp. Stokef- 
 ley. Near the chap-1, in 1562, a 
 fr. fc. was built and endowed by Ld. 
 chief baron Cholmondeley, at his 
 own private expence, but it was en- 
 larged, in 1570, by Edwin Sandys 
 Bp. of London, and a chapel added 
 to it. There is a very fine hcufe 
 here facing London, with a view of 
 the Thames for 10 m. bel. Green- 
 wich, built by the late Sir William 
 Aihurft. 
 
 HIGH-WEEK, (W.) ncarXew- 
 ton-Buihel, is vulgarly pronounced 
 as Hie. It ftands on the r. Teign. 
 In the R. of Hen. III. it came to 
 Robert Bulhel, in which name it re- 
 mained nine defcents, and then went 
 by marriage to Th o. Atyard. 
 
 (^ HIGHWORTH, (WHtt) on a 
 hill near the Vale of White-Horfe 
 in Berks, is 60 cm. 73 mm. from 
 London. It was formerly called a 
 Bor. has a cattle Mt. on W. and 
 Fairs Aug. i, and Sept. 29. It had 
 the-honcur of giving title of Barcn 
 to Sir Oliver St. John in the R. of 
 Cha. I. and is governed by a mayor 
 anj an aid. 
 
 HILDERSHAM, (Caml.} near 
 Lin ton and Horfeheath, bel. formerly 
 to the Bufllcrs, and afterwards by 
 rr.arriage, to the Piris family de- 
 fcended from Matth. Paris our fa- 
 mous hiftoiian. 
 
 HILDERSXIIL, (Y'.rk. N. R.) 
 
 to the S. W. of New-Maiton, is by 
 
 feme called Hundred-Weil, from the 
 
 .ntaias fpringing there. Here 
 
 he E:-rcr.s vf 
 
 Greyftcck, which beir.g burnt dew IT, 
 the late Earl of Carlif.c built Cajlle- 
 Howard in the room of it. 
 
 HILDZRSTON, (Stnff.} on the 
 E. fide of Store, bel. to the Kuj- 
 glesfords in the P^. cf Edw. III. after 
 which it became the efrate of Sir 
 John Delves, by whofe daughter it 
 went in marriage to the family of Sir 
 Robert Sheffield, recorder of London. 
 It was afterwards transferred to Mr. 
 Robert Collier, whofe fon, James, 
 fold it to Sir Gilbert Gerrard, ir.after 
 cf the rclls. 
 
 HILL, or HULL, (Ckc.} near 
 the Severn, to the S. W. of Esrkley, 
 the manor and feat of Sir EJw. Fi:ft, 
 Bt. whofe anceftor, Rich. Fuft, Efq; 
 purchsfed it of the city of London, 
 about the R. of Q. cliz. 
 
 HJI.L, (H'arw.) a part rf the 
 ms::cr of Sutten-CcTefield, \vi an- 
 ciently given to the priory of C. n. 
 well, 'but at the DiiT. Henry VIII. 
 granted it to Cardinal Wolley, who 
 conferred it on that which was then 
 called Cardinal, iir.ce Chriilchurch 
 Coll. Oxford, it has its name frcm 
 its lofty fituitlrn. 
 
 HILL, (Warv>.) in the p. cf 
 
 Lemington-Hafung, bel. heretofore 
 
 to tbi r.icn. of Abingdon in B^rks, 
 
 then
 
 H I 
 
 H I 
 
 then to the family of Haftang, and HILL.WOTTON, (JVaiiv.) near 
 then to the Sraffcrds, one of whom Milverton, and i m. to the S. E. of 
 fold it to Baron Trevor, who had it Wotton, of v. hich manor it ufed to 
 in 1640. be reputed a member, had the fame 
 
 HILL, or HULL, (Warvu.) fome- Lds. as that, <vix. the Savages, 
 times called King's-Hull, in the p. HILTON-ABBEY, (Staff.) near 
 of Stonely,' the monks of which had Brcwood, once bel. to theSwinnetv 
 a grange here, which after the Diff. tons, who were men of great te- 
 was granted to Leonard Chamberlain nown in this Co. in the Rs. of 
 and Richard Andrews ; but it was Edw. I, II, and III j but at the DifT. 
 foon after in the poffefiion of John the fite of the abbey was given to 
 Wade, who made over his title to old Sir Edw. Afton, in exchange for 
 Tho. Gregory, whofe fon Arthur had fome of his paternal eftates. His 
 it in 1640. family held it for a time, till the late 
 
 HiLLBOROucHj (/>'-7rw.) E. of Sir Edward's fon fold it. 
 Bidford, neartheAvon, bel. once to HILTON-CASTLE, (Durham) by 
 the abbey of Evcflinm, but in the the Were r. near Munck-Were- 
 R. of Hen. III. it was verted in the mouth, bel. to the ancient family of 
 Hubarts, or Hubards, who held it of the Hiltons, wherein is preferved to 
 the Haftings Earls of Pembroke ; and this day the title of the Bifliops 
 their poftcrity had it not very long Barons. 
 
 ago, if they have it not ftill. HIMLEY, (Staff.) S.W. of Wol- 
 
 HILLINGDON, GR. and LITT. verhampton, formerly bel. to the Ld. 
 (Midd.) near Uxbridge. Its Ch. was Dudley. In this p. there is a blade- 
 formerly given to the abbey of Evel- mill, at which, fcythes, reaping- 
 ham, and afterwards to the Bps. of hooks, axes, hatchets, and the like 
 Worcefter, and a vicarage was there- tools, having been forged by the 
 upon ordained and endowed, anno white-fmiths, are ground to a fine 
 1281, the collation of which was edge. All thefe inftruments are made 
 fettled at that time on the Bp. of of iron firft, foftened with fat un- 
 London, as it has continued ever cluc-us bodies, as butter, oil, wax, 
 fmce. In this Ch. lies buried John fuet, &c. for that ufe, as irons for 
 Ld. Strange, who married Jaquetta carts, plowfliares, horfe-lockf, and 
 fifter to Elizabeth Q^ of England, (hoes, nails and buckles, are of iron, 
 wife of K. Edw. I. Meinhardt the hardened by art. 
 late D. of Schomberg had a feat at HINCH ING BROOK, (Hunt.) am. 
 Great-Hillingdon, as has Mr. Chet- from Huntingdon, had a nunnery 
 wind fince at Little- Hiil:ngdon. built and endowed by William the 
 
 HILL-MORTON, (I'/anv.) near Conqueror; and the Cromwell's fa- 
 Rupfby, ftands on a rivulet that comes mily had a feat here, called Hinch- 
 from ' Creek in Northamptonfhire, ingbrook-Houfe, which now bel. to 
 and falls into the Avon below Clif- the Earl of Sandwich, who from 
 ton ; part of it is on a hill, and part hence takes his title of Vifc. In 
 on moorim ground, from whence it this houfe is one of the moft magni- 
 has the name. It bel. heretofore to ficent rooms that is to be feen in 
 the Aftleys, one of wham, in the England. 
 
 R. of Hen. III. procured it a Mt. (^ HIKCKLEY, ( Leic. ) near 
 onS. and a Fair at Miitfuwmcr for WatJing-Street way, 3m. from Bof- 
 3 d.iys. The Mt. was foon after nl- worth, 79 cm. 91' mm. from Lon- 
 tered to IV. but in the R. of Edw. III. don, has a Mt. en M. and Fairs on 
 it was changed again to Tu. Sir Ja. the 3d M. after Twelfth- day, and on 
 cob Ailley lias a feat here, Aug. 1 5. The affixes were held here
 
 H I 
 
 formerly, and a caftle was built here 
 by Hugh Bigot, the firft Earl of 
 Norfolk, which was therefore called 
 Hugh's-Caftle, but there are no 
 traces of it now, except feme trenches 
 and rampiers caft up to a great height 
 at the E. end of the Ch. The ma- 
 nor was given to the mon. of Nun- 
 Eaton, but at the Diffl Henry VIII. 
 granted it to Edward Ld. Clinton and 
 Say, and to Sir Robert Terwhite, 
 who fold it to William Wightman, 
 \vhofe heir held it in i6z2. 
 
 ^c HINDON, (Wits) So cm. 
 94. mm. from London, is a ("mail 
 Bcr. to the S.E. of Mere, with a 
 Mt. on Ta. and Fairs on Feb. 2, 
 M. before Wlitfunday, and Oil. 18. 
 It is governed by a bailiff. 
 
 {^> HINGHAM, (AV/.) in the- 
 road from Attleborough to Derebam, 
 JG cm. from Norwich, 80 cm. 
 94 mm. from London, has a Mt. 
 en 5. It formerly bel. to the Mar- 
 fhals, afterwards to the Lds. Morley, 
 and from them by Lovel to the 
 Parkers Lds. Morley ; but was pur- 
 chafed by Sir Philip Woodhoufe, and 
 was in the poflefiion of Thomas Ld. 
 Crew, by his marriage with the wi- 
 dow of Sir Tho. Woodhoufe. The 
 inh. were 40 years ago reckoned a 
 genteel fort of people, and fo fafliion- 
 able in their drefs, that the T. was 
 called by the neighbours Little Lon- 
 don. Sir Oliver Ingham, Kt. of the 
 Carter in the R. of Edward III. and 
 his governor of Aquitain, lies buried 
 here. 
 
 HIKTLESHAM, (Suff.) bet. Had- 
 Jey and Ipfwich, 3 m. from the for- 
 mer, and 5 m. from the latter, was 
 in the I4th century the manor and 
 feat of the Timperleys, afterwards of 
 Rich. 1'owis, Efq; and is now the 
 feat of Sir Rich. Lloyd, K's. counfel, 
 and one of the members for Ipf- 
 wich. 
 
 HI-XT ox* (Berts) to the N. E. 
 f Farringdon, was the late Mr. 
 Leader's feit,~and had once a caftle. 
 
 HINTON, (Gkc.) in the p. of 
 Pert am, near the r. Boyd, bel. an- 
 
 H I 
 
 ciently to the Rivers' s ; but being 
 afterwards divided, one part was fold 
 to Tho. White of Coventry, who, 
 being mayor of Briftol, gave it to 
 that corp.' in the R. of Hen. VIII. 
 
 HJNTON-BROAD, (Wilti) 5 m. 
 N. W. of Mariborough, bel. for- 
 merly to William Ld. Compton, an- 
 ceftor of the Earls of Northampton ; 
 but in the R. of James I. was fold 
 to Tho. Sutton, Efq ; \N ho fettled it on 
 the Charter-houfe. 
 
 HINTS, (Staff,) near the Black- 
 Brook, which runs below it into 
 Thame, on the W. fide of Tam- 
 worth, formerly bel. to the Dethicks 
 family, from whom it palled by mar- 
 riage to the Bafiets of Blore. There 
 is a large Roman tumulus near it 
 turned into a hard rock. 
 
 HINXWORTH, (Hartf.) in the 
 rnoft N. corner of the Co. near A/h- 
 vrell, bel. in the R. of Edw. III. to 
 Sir Henry Garnet, of Benington in 
 EfTex, and to Sir William le Baud 
 of Li;tle-Hadham. It was afterwards 
 fold to Mr. Bowles of Standon, and 
 afterwards to Jafper Smith of Bed- 
 ford/hire, who in the R. of Q^Eliz. 
 conveyed it to Mr. Norwood, of 
 Pinner by Harrow on the Hill, who 
 fold it to Tho. Drayner, of Hoxtan 
 in Middlefex ; and at laft it came to 
 Sir Drayner Mafiingberd. This ma- 
 nor, which is in the duchy of Lan- 
 cafter, came, upon the death of the 
 Lady Maflingberd, to their Con, who 
 fold it to John Izzard, who left it to 
 his fon Robert. 
 
 3* HIT CHIN, (Hartf.) 4 m. 
 from Baldock, 30 cm. 35 rrrrn. from 
 London, is, fays Mr. Norden, wlo 
 wrote in Q!_ Elizabeth's time, more 
 properly called Hitchcnd, becaufe of 
 its former fituation at the end of a 
 wood called Hitch, which does not 
 reach fo far now. It has, fays he, 
 a plentiful corn Mt. and a confi- 
 dcrablc mr". of malt, governed by 
 a bailiff and 4 conirables, a for the 
 T. and a for the out-parts. There 
 was then about the T. a irony matle, 
 fitter for lime than manure, which 
 being
 
 H I 
 
 H I 
 
 being mixed, however, with a fofter 
 marie, that allb abounded there in his 
 time, was a great help to the corn- 
 fields. The manor was the ancient 
 demefne of the Ks. of England, as it 
 continues at this day, and it has been 
 the dower of feveral of their Qs. It is 
 at prefent leafed out by the crown, 
 and Will. Bogdany, Efqj who has the 
 grant of it, Jets out the profits to the 
 collectors. The T. is reckoned the 
 fecond in the Co. for number of 
 ftreets, houfes, and inhabitants. It 
 was formerly famous for the ftaplc 
 commodities of the Km. and divers 
 merchants of the ftaple of Calais re- 
 lided here, fince which that trade is 
 loft ; yet the inh. hold a Mt. here 
 on Tu. by prefcription, free from toll 
 for any grain fold here, and Fairs on 
 Eafter-Tu. Wbttfon-Tu. and Oft. 13, 
 paying piccage and ftallage to the 
 Ld. of the manor. The charitable 
 benefactions to the Ch. the fchool, 
 and the poor of this p. are very nu- 
 merous, here being 8 almihs. befides 
 the fr. fc. Here were formerly two 
 priories, the fite of one of which was 
 granted after the Diff. to Edw. Wat- 
 fon and Hen. Herdfon, who conveyed 
 it to the Ratcliffs ; the fite of the 
 other was given to John Coke, Efqj 
 and his heirs, from whom it parted 
 through divers hands to Jof. Kemp, 
 2 fchool-mafter of this T. who turn'd 
 it into a fchool in 1655, and demifed 
 the lands to charity. Here are three 
 wards ; and the place is watered by a 
 rivulet, called Hiz, which drives two 
 mills here, and runs to Ikleford. 
 
 sjc HITH, HIDE, or EAST- 
 HI TH, {Kent} one of the cinque- 
 ports, in the S. E. part of the Co. 
 49 cm. 67 mm. from London. King 
 Alfred gave this manor to Chrift- 
 church-Abbey in Canterbury, but 
 afterwards it v.'ns in the hands of 
 K. Hen. II. In this T. weie once 
 5 p. Chs. which are all demolifhed 
 but one, for the T. has at times fuf- 
 fered very great loffes. As its firft 
 rife was owing to the decay of its 
 eighbours, Limme and W. Hith, 
 
 which were fo choaked with fand, 
 that mips came hither, the fame fate 
 befel this alfo, and made it almoir 
 ufelefs. In the R. of Henry IV. 
 numbers of its inh. were cut off by 
 a peftilence, 200 of their houfes con- 
 fumed by fire, and five of their mips 
 funk at fea, with the lofs of 100 
 men ; fo that the people were going 
 to abandon the T. had not the K. 
 by his charter generoufly releafed to 
 thm, for five turns next following, 
 their fervice of 5 (hips of 100 men, 
 and 5 horfe, which they were to 
 have furniihed out, and kept at their 
 own charge, in the K's. wars, for 
 15 days. It was firft incorporated by 
 the name of Barons of the T. and 
 port of Hith ; but the government 
 was afterwards changed, and the 
 Abp. of Canterbury appointed a bai- 
 liff and jurats to govern it. It was 
 incorporated by Q^Eliz. with the 
 name of the mayor, jurats, and 
 commonalty of the T. and port of 
 Hith, who, with the freemen, elect 
 the members of Pt. The mayor is 
 chofe yearly on Candlemas-day. Here 
 is a Mt. on 5. and 2 Fairs, -vixs. 
 June 29, and November 20. Here 
 are 2 hofs. one founded by a native 
 of it, who was Bp. of Rochester irj 
 the R. of Edw. III. for 10 poor men, 
 both under the government of the 
 mayor and jurats ; and here is a 
 ch. ic. for 38 boys. From hence to 
 Canterbury is a paved Roman mili- 
 tary-way, called Stony Street j and 
 at -A little diilance from hence are the 
 remains of the walls of a caftle, 
 which included 10 acres. There is 
 a remarkable pile of dry bones in the 
 T. 28 feet long, 6 broad, and 8 high, 
 they are kept in a vault ur.der the 
 Ch. in as good order as books in a 
 library, confifting of feveral thcufaad 
 heads, arms, legs, thigh-bones, clff. 
 feme very gigantic, and appear by an 
 inscription to be the remains of the 
 D-ines and Britons killed in a battle 
 near this place, before the Norman 
 Conqueft. A particular providence 
 happened here, April 24, 1739, to 
 L about
 
 H O 
 
 H O 
 
 about JO perfons, who while they 
 were waiting in the Ch. -porch for 
 the keys, to go up into the fteeple 
 for a view, it fell down with 6 bdls 
 in it, but they happily received no 
 damage. From hence to Boulogne is 
 reckoned the ihorteft cut to France. 
 
 HOCKERTON, (Netting.) to the 
 K.E. of Southwell, bel. formerly to 
 the Botelers. In Rich. IPs time it 
 pafied to John de Bridgfcrd, and from 
 him through the hands of Bowman 
 and Alford to Sir John Dunham, Kt. 
 by purchafe } from whom it went by 
 marriage to the Leighs family, of 
 vhom Sir Edward fold it to Mr. 
 Boon, &e. who conveyed it to Dr. 
 Moor. Several parcels of this ma- 
 nor have at times been given to reli- 
 gious ufcs. 
 
 ^ HODDESDOS, (Hartf.} on 
 the r. Lea, is a great thoroughfare 
 in the N. road, 1 8 cm. 19 mm. from 
 London, and a hamlet in the ps. of 
 Amwell and Brock/bourn. It was in 
 the R. of Edward I. the manor of 
 Stephen de Bafmgburn ; and that of 
 Ld. Parr, afterwards Marquis of 
 Northampton, in the R. of Hen.VIII. 
 who granted it a Mt. on Tb. and a 
 Fair on St. Peter s, for three days. 
 Q._Eliz. granted a grammar-fchool to 
 be kept here, and incorporated it 
 with privileges. The manor came 
 at length to Robert Earl of Salifbury, 
 the prefcnt Earl's ance&or. Here is 
 a clock-houfe, the remains of an an- 
 cient chapel. An almfh. was founded 
 here in the R. of Hen. VI. by Rich. 
 Rich, fheriff of London, the anceftor 
 of the Earl of Warwick. 
 
 H O D N E L L, Or HoDENHULL, 
 
 [H'ariv.} near Ladbrook, and the 
 fource of the Ichene. It was once 
 a large populous T. and had a Ch. 
 Creat part of the manor bel. for- 
 merly to the rr.ons. of Nun-Eaton 
 and Combe. At the DiH". William 
 Catefby, fon of Sir William, ob- 
 tained that part of it which bel. to 
 the mon. of Combe ; the other part 
 was purchafed from the cro\\n -by 
 John Spenfer and Thomas Braunce- 
 
 field, who fold it to Tho. Wilkes, a 
 merchant of the ftaple. It came 
 afterwards by marriage to Erafmus 
 Dryden, father of Sir John. There 
 is a handfome large houfe here built 
 by the Rayneys, who had an eftate 
 here, and enlarged by the late John 
 Mead, Efq;. 
 
 (d* HODNET, (Sa!'jp) Il6cm. 
 
 135 mm. from London. It ftands 
 near the r. Tern, and was formerly 
 inhabited by gentlemen of its name, 
 from whom by the Ludlows it pafled 
 by inheritance to the Vernons. It 
 was formerly held of the honour of 
 Montgomery, by the fervice of being 
 fteward of that honour. 
 
 HODSOKES, (Nutt.) near Blith, 
 has a manor of about 4000 acres, at 
 744 /. a year, which bel. to Sir 
 Robert Clifton, Bt. and Kt. of the 
 Bath. 
 
 HoKE-NoRTox, ( Ltic. ) near 
 Twicrofs, lies on the N.W. fide of 
 Bofworth, and for many generations 
 bel. to the Grieflys. 
 
 g^ HOLBECH, (Line.} 84 cm. 
 98 mm. from London, has a Mt. on 
 Tb. and Fairs on the firft Tb. in 
 May, and on the ad of Sept. for 
 cattle, corn, and flax. 
 
 HOLBECK, (Neit.) bel. to the 
 T. of Cokeney, which being inter. 
 mixed with the manor of Wocd- 
 houfe, was therewith fettled by the 
 Bp. of Ely on the abbey of Weibeck. 
 At the Diff. it was granted by 
 Henry VIII. to Gcprge Pierpoint, 
 Efq; in whofe pofterity, now Ds. of 
 Kingfton, it continues. 
 
 HOLCOMB, (Dci'tn.) near St. 
 Mary's Ottery, was many genera- 
 tions in the name of Malherfcc, till 
 the time of Edward PV. when John 
 Moore had it, in whofe pofterity it 
 remained till the R. of (^Elizabeth, 
 when it became the mancr and feat 
 of Mr. Eveleigh. 
 
 HOLCOMB-BURNEI., (DcV'.n.) 
 
 on the S. W. fide of Exeter, near the 
 fource of the Ken, which falis into 
 the Ex, has a park, with a handfome 
 houfe built by Sir Tho. Dennis. 
 
 KOLCOT,
 
 H O 
 
 H O 
 
 Hot COT, (BcJf.) near Afpley- 
 Guife. Its Ch. was rebuilt by Rich. 
 Chernock, Efq; anceftor of Sir Bo- 
 tcler, the prefcnt Bt. ( who has a 
 feat here) at his own Expence, as 
 well as his manlion-houfe. 
 
 HOLBECK, (York. W. R.) near 
 Leeds, bel. to the priory of the Tri- 
 nity at York, but at the Ref. to Sir 
 Arthur Darcy, from whofe family it 
 palled to the Ld. Vifc. Irwin, it be- 
 ing purchafed of K. James I. by Sir 
 Arthur Ingram, his anceftor. The 
 Andertons family had an efrate here, 
 from the 4th of Philip and Mary, to 
 1676. 
 
 HOLDENBY, (Nortbamp.) near 
 Aithorp, where a magnificent feat 
 was built by Sir Chriftopher Hatton, 
 Ld. Chanc. and Kt. of the Garter 
 in theR. of Q^Eliz. It was after- 
 wards one of the palaces, but for 
 above three months the prifon, of K. 
 Cha. I. who was brought hither from 
 Ncwcaftle, after being fold by the 
 Scots, till Cornet Joyce took him 
 away by force, and carried him to 
 the army. In the R. of Cha. II. 
 this place gave the title of Baron to 
 Lewis Duras, afterwards Earl of Fe- 
 verlham. Ic became the property of 
 the late victorious Duke of Marl- 
 borough, and was part of the join- 
 ture of the Marchionefs of Blandtbrd, 
 relict of his grandfon ; but it is now 
 turned into a farm-houfe. 
 
 HOLDERNESS, (York. E. R.) is 
 a large promontory in the S. E. fide 
 of the Co. /hooting out into the fea, 
 at the mouth of the Humber, which 
 has anciently given title of Earl to 
 feveral noble families, as it does now 
 to the Darcys. 
 
 HOLDITCH, (Devon.) in Ford- 
 Abbey p. did bel. to Ld. Cobham, 
 but after his attainder, was by K. 
 James I. beftowed on Charles Ld. 
 Montjoy, whom he created Earl of 
 Devon. 
 
 HOLZ, (Devon.) near Clovelly- 
 Harbor, formerly the manor of the 
 Holes, but being mortgaged to a 
 ifiew at Exeter, was feized by 
 
 Hen. III. and redeemed by Richard 
 Beaple, by whofe fon's daughter ic 
 defcended to the Ld. Harrington. 
 
 HOLEY, (Hartf.) near Amwell, 
 did bel. to Dr. Sprainger, whofe 
 daughter fold it about 1689 to James 
 King, brewer, at Whitechapel, Lon- 
 don. 
 
 Ho LOOT, or HOUI.DCATE- 
 CASTLE, (Salop) anciently bel. to 
 the Mauduits, who obtained a Mt. 
 here, long fince difufed. In the R. 
 of Edw. I. it was the Ld. Burnel's. 
 In the R. of Hen. VII. it was Francis 
 Vifc. Lovel's, who forfeiting it, it 
 was granted to Jafper D. of Bed- 
 ford. 
 
 HOLKHAM, (Norf.) near the fea, 
 2 m. from Wells, was formerly tha 
 eftate of Ld. Willoughby of Erefbc-y, 
 by marriage of the daughter of John 
 Ld. Nevil of Raby. A falt-marfh 
 extends from hence to Stifkey. The 
 Earl of Leicefter has a feat here. 
 
 HOLLAND, (Lane.) on the W. 
 fide of Wigan, gave name to the 
 noble family of Hollands, who were 
 Dukes of Exeter, and Earls of Hol- 
 land and Surry ; and had formerly a 
 piiory. 
 
 HOLLAND, (Line.) in the S. E. 
 part of the Co. is a tract that was 
 recovered from the fea in feveral 
 centuries, by a Dutch colony 5 and 
 Camden fays it takes its name from 
 the Dutch province in the Nether- 
 lands, to which it exactly agrees in 
 fituation, foil, and other circum- 
 ftances, the very ditches being navi- 
 gable, th- people paffing from one 
 T. to another in boats, by the ca- 
 nals ; but others think it derived 
 from the Saxon, peate, derp, be- 
 caufe it lies Ib deep, that were it not 
 defended from the fea by the banks, 
 it would be foon overflowed by it. 
 This fen country reaches from 
 Wainfleet to the Ille of Ely, and to 
 the grounds oppofite to Lynn in Nor- 
 folk. It is divided into Upper and 
 Lower, the latter of which was un- 
 pafTable j but fince the fens have beea 
 drained, the lands are grown more 
 Z > felid,
 
 H O 
 
 H O 
 
 IcVicI, and the inh. fow cc!e-fee<3 upon 
 them to their great profit. Theft tens 
 arc much frequented by the Bittern. 
 Here are many quickfands, and great 
 want of frefii water. This divifion 
 of the Co. gives the title of E. to a 
 branch of the,family of Rich, de- 
 fcended from the Es. of Warwick ; 
 and the title of Warwick was joined 
 to that of Holland, in the perfon of 
 Robert, grandfather to the prefent 
 nobie Ld*. Edw.-Henry, ftiled E. of 
 Warwick and Holland. 
 
 HOLLAND-HOUSE, (MitM.) neat 
 Kenfmgton, the feat of the honourable 
 Henry Fox, Efq; fecretary at war. It 
 did bel. to the anceftors of the noble 
 E. laft mentioned, as it does now to 
 Mr. Edwards in Wales. 
 
 HOLLESLEY, (/.) near Orford- 
 Nefs, bel. formerly to the Uffords, 
 and went by marriage to Edward de 
 Montacute. 
 
 HOLM, (Noft.) on the Trent, a 
 hamlet cf North-Mu/kam, bel. to 
 Rufford-Abbey till the Ref. when 
 Hen. VIII. gave it to George E. of 
 Shrewsbury. It bel. not a great 
 v hile ago, 'to Sir Tho. Barton, whofe 
 ;.nceftpr, a merchant of the flaple, 
 tmilt a handfome houfe here, and a 
 rhapel as big as many p. Chs. In 
 the windows cf the houfe he caufed 
 thefe verfes to be fet, as an acknow- 
 ledgment of the Divine blefling, 
 which attended the means whereby 
 tK get h;s efi:te, vix. 
 
 11 I thank God, and ever /hall, 
 " It is the fheep that paid for ali." 
 
 The eilate was lately in the poiTefiion 
 cf Ld. BelleCs, fometime governor of 
 Newark. 
 
 HOLM, or Ho M ME, (Hcref.} bet. 
 Webley and Dihvin, is a hill almoft 
 furrounded by a brook, where is a 
 f-o^d old houfe, which has been the 
 uat and manor of the late Ld. Car- 
 penter and his family, above 400 
 
 CafUe.' David I. K. of S<: 
 founded the abbey. This par- 
 country was, at the conqueir, a larg: 
 foreft. 
 
 HOLM in Spalding-Moor, (York. 
 E. R.) am. S. W. from Wighton, is 
 the featj of Ld. Langdale, to whom 
 it gives title of Baron, as it did to his 
 anceftor, Sir Marmaduke, who was 
 created a Baron by K. Cha. II. in his 
 exile, and the firft perfcn he advanced 
 to the peerage. This place gives 
 name to one of the divifions of the 
 E.R. 
 
 HoLM-PlERPOJNT, (Nott,) on 
 
 the E. fide of Nottingham and the 
 Trent, has been Icng the manor and 
 feat of the Pierpoints Ds. of Kingfton, 
 from whofe family the T. has its 
 name ; and who are defcended from 
 Sir Henry Pierpoint, who married 
 the heirefs of the family of Manners, 
 its ancient Lds. 
 
 HOLMSDALT, Or HOLMWARD, 
 
 (Surry) is a vale beneath Box-Hill, of 
 feveral ms. in length, as far as Kent ; 
 in the woody part of which are often 
 found out-lying red deer. 'Tis now 
 overgrown with furz, and ufed to pro- 
 duce fuch quantities of ftrawberries, 
 that they were carried to Mt. by horfe- 
 loads. 'Tis laid, that this place was, 
 in ancient days, the retreat of the na- 
 tive Britons, whom the Romans could 
 never drive out ; and that it alfo wel- 
 tered the Saxons from the Danes, who 
 were routed here, in the time of Edw. 
 the elder, by the Kenti/h men ; which 
 gave occafion to the following diftich. 
 
 " This is Holmfdale, 
 
 " Never conquer'd, never fhall. 
 
 This country, though wild ftill, and 
 with tiie fame barren afpedt in many 
 p'mces as it had 1000 years ago, yet 
 in others it is cultivated, and has 
 ron -Js palTable enough in the fummer 
 quite through it en every fide, the 
 woods being in a great meai'ure cleared 
 
 HOLM-ABBTY, or HOLM-CUL- ^/HpLT/A^r/.)i6cm.fromNor- 
 UM. (Cmb.\ to the E, of WulfU'- \viO.97tm. i i6mm, t'romLondon,had 
 
 the
 
 H O 
 
 H O 
 
 the grant of a Mt. from Edw. II. on 
 T. which is fince changed to 5. Its 
 Fairs are June 1 1 and Oft. 18. Two 
 brothers, by the name of Greiham, 
 natives of this place, were both mer- 
 cers of London, and alfo its lord- 
 mayors, the one in 1537, the other 
 in 1547. 
 
 HOLT, (Wanv. ) near Studley, 
 bel. heretofore to the Kts.-templars 
 and hofpitallers. In the R. of K. 
 Hen. VIII. it was palled from the 
 crown to Sir EJm. Knighdey. In 
 that of Ed\v. VI. it was in the pof- 
 feflion of Henry Rifhton, whofe fon 
 conveyed it, in the R. ofQ^Mary, 
 to Ralph Rifliton, who parted it to 
 Sir John Southworth. 
 
 HOLT, (Wilts] near Bradford, in 
 the road from Salisbury to Bath, is 
 noted for a medicinal ipring difco- 
 vered there in 1718, effectual in the 
 cure of the fcui vy, CTV. 
 
 HOLT-CASTLE, (U'~oi\-.}j;n the 
 r. Severn, near D.'oit-.v ich, anciently 
 bcl. to the Eeauchamps Es. of War- 
 wick. From them it went, by mar- 
 ri.ig-,-, to the Paunceforts and Wy(h- 
 sms, as it did from them afterwards 
 to the Pcniftons and Guiles. In the 
 R. of <^_Eliz. it was the eftate of Sir 
 John Bourn ; from whom it defcended 
 to the Bromleys, Sir Tho. Bromley, 
 her Ld.-Chanc. having purchafed it j 
 but it is fince parted to the Bromleys 
 of Cambridgeshire. 
 
 HOLY-ISLAND, (Nortbumb.) on 
 the N. E. fide of the Co. near Ber- 
 wick, fo called by the Monks who 
 lived in it to retire from the world, 
 was anciently a Bp's. fee by the name 
 of Landisfern, by reafon of its fitua- 
 tion over-againft the r. Landi, and 
 had zz Bps. fucceffively. It has 
 plenty of fiih and fowl, but the air 
 and foil are bad. It is jm. in com. 
 and has a T. a Ch. and a caftle j 
 which laft was furprized and taken, in 
 1715, by the Erringtons and others, 
 for Mr. Fofter, the pretender's gene- 
 ral, but was foon inverted and re- 
 taken by a detachment from Berwick. 
 Bcdc calls this a femi-ifle, being en- 
 
 ccmpafll-d indeed with water at every 
 flood, but fand at ebb. It lies not 
 above I m. and haJf from the land ; 
 from whence, at low water, people ride 
 over to it. Un.ier the T. there is a 
 commodious harbour, defended by a 
 fort on a hill to the S. E. The W. 
 part is left wholly to the rabbets. 
 "I'is joined to the E. part, which is 
 much the broadeft, by a fmall flip of 
 land. 
 
 Ho MESBURY-HIL L ,(Srry ) near 
 Box-Hill, is in the p. of Uarking, and 
 has the traces of a camp of about 10 
 acres ; from which there is a noble 
 profped over the Wilds into Kent 
 and Sullex, as far as the fea, and to 
 Hindhead-Hill in Hampihire. 
 
 HONINGTON, ( ifartu. ) near 
 Shipton upon Stour, was given, in 
 the R. of Edw. the Conf. to the ab- 
 bey of Coventry ; and after the Dirt"* 
 was fold to Rob. Gibbs, to hold of 
 the crown in capite ; and in 1640, it 
 was in the poile/fton of his great 
 grandfon, Sir Henry. Sir Hen. Par- 
 ker, Bt. and Jof. Townfhend, Efqj 
 have feats here. 
 
 ^c HONITON, (Devon.} 126 cm. 
 156171111. from London, in the road 
 from it to Exeter, ftands near the r. 
 Otter (ovr which it has a bridge) in 
 the bell and pleafanteft part of the Co. 
 and has a view of the adjacent coun- 
 try, which abounds with corn and 
 palture, and is the moft beautiful 
 land/kip perhaps in the world, almoft 
 all the way to Exeter, which is 12 m. 
 'Tis an ancient Bor. by prefcription, 
 and governed by a portreeve, who is 
 chofe yearly at'the'court of the Ld. 
 of the manor. 'Tis a populous well- 
 built T. having a channel of clear 
 water running through its main ftreet, 
 with a dipping place at every door ; 
 and it is remarkably paved with fmall 
 pebbles. The p.Ch. being half a m. 
 from the T. upon a hill, the gentry 
 ride to it on horfeback, or in coaches j 
 for whofe conveniency there are fta- 
 bles erected near the Ch.-yard. There 
 was an old chapel in the T. which 
 being ruinous, a new one was built in 
 z 3 i743
 
 H O 
 
 H O 
 
 1743. Here was the firft forge mf. Robeit Cecil E. of Salisbury, vtafe 
 in Devonfhire ; but the people are ion, Robert, Ibid it to Sir Edv. nd 
 row chiefly employed ia the mf. of Hales. 
 
 Jace, the broadeft that is made in HOOK-NORTON, (O.tf.'J to the 
 England, of which great quantities N-.E. 0f Chippihg-Nortoti. Whether 
 are fent to London, A ch. fc. for it was ever a royal village, as has 
 30 boys was founded here in 1713; been faid by Florence of Worcester 
 and about a quarter of a m. out of the hiftorian, Carnden fays, it was 
 the T. on the E. fide of the road to formerly inhabited by fuJh clowns 
 Exeter, there is an hof. for 4 lepers, and churls, that it was called Hogs- 
 vrhich was founded and endowed by Norton. About the beginning of the 
 Tho. Chard, an abbat, with a hand- loth century the Danes made a fad 
 feme chapel to it. The governor /laughter of the Englifli here under 
 and patients are put in by the reftor, Edmund the Elder, 
 church-warden?, and cverfeers of the HOOTHORP, (Noithamp.} en the 
 p. and by a regulation in 1642, o- r. Welland, N. E. of Bofworth, the 
 ther poor patients are admitted, as manor of Sir Edw. Villicrs, the an- 
 weil as lepers. Before the R. of K. ceftor of the late D. of Buckingham, 
 John its Mt. was kept on Sunday, and of the late Vifc. Grandifon in 
 but then it was changed to 5. and Ireland. It went by marriage to Geo. 
 here is a Fair July 20. The manor Bathurft, Efq; the grandfather of A 1- 
 tiid anciently bel. 'to the Earls of De- Ian, who was created Ld. Bathurft 
 von, and is itill part of the eftate of in 1711. 
 
 the Courtneys of Powderhsm-Caftle, HOOT ON, (Cbejb.') on the S. W. 
 a younger branch of their family, of Frodfham, near Stanlaw, at the 
 The lift of members of Pt. for this N. entrance of the VVirral, is a goodly 
 T. begins the 28th of Edward I. but manor, with a park, which has been 
 the privilege of eleding them was the feat of the Stanleys ever fince 
 difcontinued, till it was rcftored in the R. of Cha. II. and is now that 
 the i6th of Cha. I. A dreadful fire of Sir Rowland Stanley, Bt. Cam- 
 happened here July 19, 1747, by den fays, it fell to the Stanleys in the 
 which three parts of the T. were time of Rich. II. 
 ccnfumed, and the damage was com. HOOTON-LOVET, PAINTL, and 
 puted at 43,000 /. ROBERT, (York. W. R.) are three 
 
 HONNINGHAM, (Wanv.} near villages bet. Barnfiey and Doncafter, fo 
 Dunfmore-Heath and the r. Leame. called from their feveral ancient Lds. 
 The manor bel. formerly to Sir Wai- Hooton-Painel afterwards came to 
 tev Cokefey, but pafied by marriage the Nevils, and Hocton-Robert fell 
 fo the Grevils in the R. of Edw. IV. by marriage to Wentworth of Went- 
 from whom it came in that of worth Woodhoufe, and was a feat 
 Henry VII. to Robert Winter, by of the late Ld. Malton. 
 whom it was conveyed to John Un- HOPE, (Kent'] in the Thames, 
 dcrhill, who paffed it in the next R. by Tilbury-Fort, bet. Gravefend and 
 to Jchn Acard, &c. but it was af- the Buoy in the Nore, is the place 
 tcr wards fold to Rich. Newport, who where merchant-fhips ufually lie for 
 dying in the R. of Q^Eliz. left it to their difpatches. 
 William his fon. HOPE-KEY, (Devon.} is in Big. 
 
 Hco, (Kent} near the Medway, bury-Bay, near St. Michael's Rock, 
 to the N. E. of Stroud, was given where the Avon runs into the fea, 
 by Henry VII. to Sir Henry Wyat, bet. the Start-Point and Plymouth, 
 whofe grandfcn, Sir Thomas, for- Here is plenty of pilchards taken in 
 feiting it by his rebellion, it was in the ieafon, 
 the crown till fames I. graLted it to 
 
 3 HOPS.
 
 II O 
 
 H O 
 
 HOPSFORD, (Warw.) in the p. 
 of Withibrook, bcl. from the R. of 
 Edward III. to that of Hen. VI. to 
 
 the Catefbys, then to Sir Hum. Staf- 
 ford, whole fon being attainted, it 
 fell to the crown, and was granted 
 by Hen. VII. to Sir Will. Vampoge. 
 In the R. of Hen. VIII. it was con- 
 veyed to Sir Edw. Belknap, who fold 
 it in the R. of Q^Eliz. to Richard 
 Wright. 
 
 HOPTOV, (Staff.) by the Trent, 
 near Ingeftre, and 2 m. from Staf- 
 ford, formerly bel. to the Pefhalls, 
 from whcrn it went by marriage to 
 the Blounts, of whom Sir George 
 gave it to his nephew, Rowland La- 
 con of Welley. 
 
 Hop TON, (Suff.) on. the banks 
 cf the Oufe, N. W. of Buddefdale, 
 bel. in the R. of Edward I. to the 
 abbey of St. Edmund/bury, and in 
 the R. of Edw. IV. to Henry Bour- 
 chierEarlofEfFcx. 
 
 KORBURY, (Tcrk. W. R.) near 
 Wakefield, to which it is a chapelry, 
 bcl. heretofore to the priory of Lewes 
 in Suflex. 
 
 HORDLEY, (Salop] on the S. fide 
 of Ellefmere, wns the feat of that 
 branch o( the Kinaftons who match'd 
 with the Herds family. 
 
 HORZCROSS, (Staff.) in the p. 
 of Bromley-Regis, has a good feat 
 with a park, which bel. to the Jate 
 Mr. Humphry Weils, and after his 
 death fell to his nephew. 
 
 HORESTON-GRANGE, (War-M.} 
 
 part of the Lp. of Nun-Eaton, to 
 whofe mon. it once bel. and was 
 therewith parted in the Reign of 
 Hen. VIII. to Sir Marmaduke Con - 
 ftable, who fold the Grange to John 
 Fiftier, and he left it to his coufins 
 and heirs, Kath. Norwood and Anne 
 Wolrich ; but die lands called Hore- 
 fton-Fields , v.'ith Horefton-Wood, 
 were fold by Sir Marmaduke's heir, 
 Robert, in the R. of Queen Eliz. to 
 Stephen Hales, Efq;. 
 
 HOREWELL, (Wanu.) on the 
 S. E. fide of Coventry, near Brandon- 
 Caftle, bel. cr.ce to the monks of 
 
 Stonely. It was by charter of K. 
 Hen. VI. included in the Co. of the 
 city of Coventry. 
 
 HORLEY, (Surry) near Charl- 
 \yood, S. E. of Ryegate, had once a 
 caftle on Thunderfield-Common in 
 this p. that inclofed near 2 acres, 
 which are fince fo overgrown with 
 wood and thorns, that there is hardly 
 " ' s foundation. 
 
 ORMEAD-GR EAT, (Hartford.) 
 I m. and half E. from Layfton Ch. 
 has its name from its mead, and th 
 brook which feeds the r. Qujn. This 
 manor came to John Turner in 1696, 
 by the death of his father, Barnard 
 Turner, cf London, goldfmith, who- 
 purchased it of Thornton Cage ; and 
 it is now defcended to Anthony, fon 
 of the (aid John Turner. 
 
 HoRMEAD-LlTTLE, (Hartfor.) 
 half am. S. from the former, \v is 
 granted by Edw. III. to the abbey of 
 St. Mary- Grace near the Tower of 
 London ; but.Hen. VIII. granted it 
 to Sir Tho. Audley, and his heirs, 
 from whom it pafled to Thomas D. 
 of Norfolk, who fold it to Edward 
 Newport of Forneux Pelham, froni 
 whom it defcended to William New- 
 port, and now to John Newporr. 
 They are both on the N.E. fide of 
 Buntingford. Hormead-Hall was fold 
 by Francis Delawood to Tho. Boneft 
 of Putney, whofe grandfon, Thomas, 
 fold it again to Will. Delawood, who 
 left it by will to Ilaac and Abraham 
 Houbion, and it is fince defcended to 
 Jacob Houbion, Efq;. 
 
 HORN, (Rutl.) to the E. of Bwr- 
 leigh on the Hill, was formerly a p. 
 but now only a fine cure. It bel. to 
 the Harringtons from the R, of Q._ 
 Mnry to that of K. James I. when 
 the fifters and coheireues of John the 
 laft Ld. Harrington, of Exton, con- 
 veyed it to Sir Baptift Hickes, whofe 
 daughter carried it by marriage to 
 Edward Ld. Noel, in whofd honour- 
 able family it was lately, if it be 
 not ftil]. 
 
 83= HORNBY, (Lane.) on the r. 
 
 Lon. cr Lose, almoft at the extre. 
 
 jnity
 
 H O 
 
 H O 
 
 mlty of the Co. next to Weftmore- 
 hnd, had a caftle, a fine building, 
 \\ hich was the feat of the Lds. 
 Monteagle, a branch of the Stanleys 
 tarls of Derby, and fince of the 
 Parkers, one of whom marrying into 
 that family, had, in the R. of Ja. I. 
 the fame title conferred upon him ; 
 and it was this nobleman by whofe 
 means the gun-powder plot was dif- 
 covered. Here is a Mt. on M. It 
 is now the feat of Charles Weem. 
 
 HORNBY-CASTLE, (J 
 near the r. Swale, 5 m. from Rich- 
 mond, was the manor and feat of the 
 family of St. Quintin, from which it 
 palled to that or Coniers Lds. Darcy, 
 and from thence by marriage with 
 one of Sir John Ccniers's daughters 
 to Rich. Ld. Lumley. It is now the 
 feat of the Earl of Holdernefs. 
 
 J^> HORN CASTLE, (Ll'rlC.) 
 
 104 cm. 122 mm. from London, is 
 a large well-built T. on the r. Bane. 
 It had a caftle, from the architecture 
 of which, and from the Roman coins 
 that are fometimes turned up in the 
 fjround near it, it is thought to have 
 bten a camp or ftation of the Ro- 
 raans. The com. of the caftle was 
 about 20 acres. It is a figniory of 
 thirteen Lps. which were given by 
 Rich. II. to the Bp. of Carlifle and 
 his fuccefibrs, after the Scots had 
 drove him from Rofe-Caftle in Cum- 
 berland, and robbed him of his re- 
 venues. In thefe Lps. there are fe- 
 vcral chapels for the convenience of 
 the inh. who are at too great a di- 
 ftance from the mother Ch. The 
 Mt. is on 5. and Fairs June 1 1, and 
 ,4'jg-ufl 10. The T. is almoft fur- 
 rounded with water. 
 
 H era N c H u R c H, (EJJex) near 
 Rumford, is a very large p. in Ha- 
 vering liberty, containing 7 wards. 
 It was formerly called Horn-Mona- 
 ftery, becaufe a huge pair of leaden 
 horns are fattened to the E. end of it, 
 which, according to tradition, were 
 placed there by a certain K. who 
 its former name, Here. 
 
 Church, fo called becaufe it was 
 built by a whore, to attone for her 
 fins, made this light exchange, and 
 fct up the horns. Horn-Church - 
 Hall, a confiderable manor in this 
 T. bel. to Trinity-Abbey at Caen in 
 Normandy, but was afterwards fettled 
 by William of Wickham Bp of Win- 
 chefter on New Coll. Oxford. 
 
 8C^ HORN-DON ON THE HILL, 
 ( E Jfix) 2* cm. 25 mm. from Lon- 
 don, has a Mt. on 5. and a Fair 
 J:ine 29. It irands near a r. which 
 falls not far off into the Thames, 
 where it is called the Hope. 
 
 HORNINGSHEATH, GREAT and 
 Li T T L E, (%f.) ntar St. Edmundf- 
 bury, of whole abbot it was formerly 
 a country feat, now is that of Sir 
 Jermyn Davers, Bt. 
 
 HOBNSEY, in old records HAP. 
 INGAY, (Midd.) 5m. N. of Lon- 
 doa. Its Ch. whereof Highgate is a 
 hamlet, is fuppofed to be built with 
 the ftones that came rom Lodge -H ill, 
 the Bp. of London's hunting-feat in 
 his park here ; it having been his nu- 
 nor from the moft ancient times. 
 
 ^ HORN-SKY, ( r-rk. E. R. ) ' 
 1 50 cm. 175 mm. from London, is 
 almoft furrounded by a fmall arm of 
 the ocean. The Ch. having a high 
 fleeple, is a notable fea-mark, Not 
 very many years ago there was a 
 frreet here, called Hornfey-Beck, all 
 wafhcd away by the fea, except one 
 or two houfes ; and they fay the 
 fame fate happened to Hide, a vil- 
 lage on the N. fide of the T. Its 
 Mt. is on M. On the S. W. fide of 
 it is Hornfey-Meer. 
 
 HOR RING HAM, (JVs/r.) on the 
 Trent, bet. Nottingham and New- 
 ark. Its proper name is Hovering- 
 ham, a family of which name were 
 Lds. of it in the R. of Henry III. 
 &c. from which it paifed to that of 
 Goulhil, and from thence by mar- 
 riage to Anth. Wingfield, and from 
 him to Thomas de Hotot, who gave 
 this manor to the mon. of Thurgar- 
 ton. K. Hen. VIII. fettled it upon 
 Trinity Coll. Cambridge ; and the 
 family
 
 H O 
 
 H O 
 
 family of Cooper have been tenants 
 of it almoit ever fir.ce. 
 
 HORSEFORD, (Nirf.) bet. Nor- 
 wich and Oulton, formerly bel. to 
 the Claverings, then to the Uffords, 
 and afterwards to the Lds. Dacres, 
 one of whom, viz.. Gregory Ld. 
 Dacres had a grant of it from Q._ 
 Eiiz. it having been forfeited to the 
 crown in the R. of Hen. VIII. by 
 kis father's being convicted of mur- 
 der. The Q._ granted the reverfion 
 of it to Ld. Burleigh and the Earl 
 of Leicefter. Here were once a caftle 
 and a park. 
 
 HORSFORTH, (York. W.R.) di- 
 vided only by a brook from Leeds, 
 has for fome years been a feat of the 
 Stanhopes. Kirkftal-Abbey had much 
 land here formerly. 
 
 ^c HORSHAM, (Suffix) 28 cm. 
 35 mm. from London, about 3 m. 
 from the main road to Arundel from 
 London, has its name from Horfa, 
 brother to Hengift the Saxon. It 
 was anciently a Lp. of the Howards 
 Ds. of Norfolk, till forfeited to the 
 crown by the attainder of John D. of 
 Norfolk in the R. of Hen. VII. and 
 given to Tho. Weft Ld. Dclawar. 
 It is one of the largeft Ts. in the Co. 
 has fent members to Pt. ever fmce 
 the 3Oth of Edw. I. and is the place 
 where the Co. -gaol is held, and often 
 the aflizes. It is a Bor. by prefcrip- 
 tion, with the title of 2 bailiffs and 
 burgage-holders within and without 
 the Bor. &c. who elect the mem- 
 bers of Pt. and they are returned by 
 the bailiffs choie yearly by a court- 
 Icet of the Ld. of the manor, who 
 return 4 candidates to the fteward, 
 and he nominates 2 of them for the 
 office. Here is a very fine Church, 
 and a well endowed fr. fc. Great 
 ftore of poultry is bought up for 
 London at its Mt. ( which was 
 granted by K, John) en S. and it 
 has a patent alfo for a monthly Mt. 
 Its Fairs are May 3, M. before 
 Whitsunday, June 24, July 7, for 
 9 days, and A'cf, 19. Here is a 
 
 quarry of very good ftone, either for 
 tiling or flooring. 
 
 Hos SHAM ST. FAITH'S, (Kerf.) 
 is fo called becaufe it joins on the E. 
 fide with Si. Faith's. Here was for- 
 merly a priory, the fite of which, and 
 all the ftructures, were granted by K. 
 Hen. VIII. to Sir Rich. Southwell of 
 Woodrifm<*, and were lately in the 
 hands of Sir John Hobart, now Earl 
 of Buckingham/hire. 
 
 HORSHEATH, (Cami.) near Lin- 
 ton, bel. for many generations to the 
 ancient and noble family of Ailing- 
 ton, but fmce came to the Bromlcys, 
 and was purchafed by the anceftor of 
 the prefent Ld. Mountford. Part of 
 this p. retains the name of Jacob's- 
 Manor, from William Jacob who re- 
 fided here in the R. of Henry VIII. 
 This part of the Co. abounds with 
 melilot, whofe feeds mix fo much 
 with the corn in their lands, that it 
 gives a tafte to their bread, which is 
 very difagreeable to Grangers. 
 
 HORSHILL, (Surry) which in the 
 Maps is called HOB s TEL, was the 
 Lp. of the late Denzil Onflow, Efq; 
 of Purford, the next p. On the 
 heath in this p. are ^ round hills or 
 barrows, fuppofed to have been the 
 burial-places of fome commanders 
 killed hereabouts in battle. 
 
 HORSLEY-HEATH, (Sta/.} in 
 the p. of Tipton, i m. S. of Ecclef- 
 hal-water, has potters clay and a 
 reddifh earth, called flip, with which 
 they paint the veffels made at Wed- 
 ne/bury. 
 
 HOR SLE Y, or HOR K s L E Y, 
 (E/tx) W. of Dedham, had formerly 
 a pricry, which was a cell to Thet- 
 ford, and was given to Cardinal Wol- 
 fey, towards erecting his colleges in 
 Oxford and Ipfwich. 
 
 HORSLEY, E. and W. (Surry) 
 bet. Leathcrhead and Guilford, are 
 about i m. afunder. In E. Horfley 
 there was a priory. W. Horfley was 
 formerly the eftate of the Lds. Ber- 
 ners j but in the R. of James I. it 
 was the manor and feat of Carev.-, 
 the
 
 H O 
 
 H O 
 
 the fon of Sir Walter Raleigh. It 
 afterwards paffcd to Ld. Montacute 
 of Cowdrey, who mortgaged it to 
 John Evelyn, Efq; and fold it out- 
 right to Mr. Carew, of whole de- 
 fcendants it was bought by Sir Edw. 
 Nicholas, fecretary of ftate, \vhofe 
 grandfon did lately, if he does not 
 frill, enjoy it. 
 
 HORSMUNDEN, (Kent') on the 
 W. fide of the r. almoft oppofite to 
 Goudhurft, was the patrimony of the 
 Rokefleys, from whom it palled to 
 the Poynings, Darvils, and Befwicks, 
 whofe heir gave it by will to Mr. 
 Haughton. 
 
 HOR TON, (Nortbamp.} 4m. from 
 Northampton, was the feat of Will. 
 Parr, uncle to K. Henry VIII's Q._ 
 who was afterwards created Ld. Parr 
 of Horton, and buried in its p. Ch. 
 and is now the feat of the Earl of 
 Halifax. 
 
 HORTON, (Staff."} is a fine large 
 manor, which takes up almoft all 
 the land bet. Endon-Water and the 
 r. Churnet, and is therefore called 
 Horton-Court. In the R. of Hen. III. 
 it belonged to the Audleys. The 
 Earls of Bath had i-jd of this ma- 
 nor in the laft century, and the 
 other a parts remained in the family 
 of the Touchets, till about the be- 
 ginning of the laft century, when 
 the Ld. Audley Touchet fold them 
 to Egerton, Wallgrange and Wedge- 
 wood of Heracles. At Horton-Bay, 
 a hamlet in this p. there were at one 
 goodman Stanton's four generations, 
 all living at one time in the fame 
 houfe, and eating at the fame table. 
 
 HOR TON-CASTLE, (Nortbutr.b.) 
 near Woller, bel. once to a family 
 of the Grays, of whom Sir Robert 
 Gray, whofe daughter was married 
 to Robert Ld. Ogle, held it in the 
 R. of Henry VI. Some lands and 
 tenements in this p. which bel. to 
 Newinfter- Abbey, were given by 
 Hen. VIII. to John Carr. 
 
 HOR WELL, (Devon.} on the r. 
 Fortoit, a little W. of Crediton, bel. 
 to the Pries, an ancient and genteel 
 
 family, who haw matched into many 
 others of worth, and which was never 
 known to have produced a younger 
 brother for many generations, till in 
 this century ; fo that the name is 
 fcarce to be heard of but here. 
 
 Hos WOOD, (Devsa.) on the S.W. 
 fide of Barnftaple, was heretofore the 
 eftate of the Cornu's, and then of 
 the Pollards, from whom the Pol- 
 lards of Newnam-Ccurtney in Ox- 
 ford/hire are defcended. 
 
 HOUGH AM, (Kent] near Dover, 
 was anciently the leat of a family of 
 that name, but it came by marriage 
 to the Herons, one of whom fold it 
 to Phineux, in which name it con- 
 tinued many generations. Little- 
 Hcugham, another mnnor juft by it, 
 was formerly the property of the 
 BsuTings, who held it to the R. of 
 Hen. VI. and then conveyed it to the 
 Clives, from whom it palled thromh 
 the heirs of Hextal and Whetenhal 
 to John Bcis, Efq;. 
 
 HOUGHTON ON THE SPRING, 
 
 (Durham) near Finchale, and S. E. 
 of Lumley-Caftle, has a grammar 
 fr. fc. founded by Mr. Bernard Gil- 
 pin and John Hetherfal. Here it 
 alfo an hof. well endowed. 
 
 HOUGHTON, (Nerf.) near Harp- 
 ley, bet. Caftls-Rifmg and Faken- 
 ham, has a park, and a moft noble 
 houfe, the feat of the Earl of Orfcrd, 
 (to whom it gives title of Baron) 
 built by his father, the late Earl, 
 when he was only Sir Robert Wal- 
 pole. 
 
 HOUGHTON, (Netting.) on the 
 Idel, 2 m. W. from Tuxford, gives 
 title of Vifc. to the D. of Newcaftle, 
 as it did that of Baron to Denzil 
 Hollis, the firft Ld. of the family. 
 Their anceftor, Sir William Hollis, 
 bought this manor of John Babing- 
 ton and his wife, the heircfs of the 
 Stanhopes. Before it came to the 
 Stanhopes, it was for feveral fuccef- 
 fions, in the family of Longvillers, 
 and therefore came to be called 
 Hcughton-Longvillers. Near the 
 park-gate here, bel. to the faid D. 
 of
 
 H O 
 
 H O 
 
 of Newcaftle, a grammar fr. fc. was 
 creeled and endowed here, in 1692, 
 by Hen. Walters, fteward to Gilbert 
 and John Es. of Clare, for the benefit 
 of this and other adjacent villages ; 
 which was to be under the infpedlion 
 of the minifters of Eaft and Weft- 
 Markham and Kirton, who were to 
 vifit it once a year. 
 
 HouGHTON,(rcr*. W.R.) N.W. 
 
 of Tickhil, to whofe royal manor it 
 was once a chapel. 
 
 HOUGHTON-CONOJJES T, With 
 
 the Park, (Btdf.) on the N. fide of 
 Ampthil, was the feat of the E. of 
 Ailefbury, and called Conqueft from 
 the ancient family of the Conquefts. 
 There is a fr. fc. here bel. to Sidney- 
 Suflex-Coll. in Cambridge. Two 
 common fields near this place, called 
 Danes-Fields,are remarkable for many 
 pits of 15 foot diameter. 
 
 HOVENINGHAM, Or HoVING- 
 
 HAM, (York. N.R.) on the W. fide 
 of New-Malton, had a Mt. cnce on 
 S. The manor bel. in the R. of 
 Hen. VII. to William Marquis of 
 Berkley. 
 
 f^> HOULSWORTHY, (DcVOH.) 
 
 on the r. Tamar and b. of Cornwall, 
 168 cm. 194 mm. from London, gave 
 name to a family, its ancient Lds. 
 from whom it came to the Chaworths, 
 then to Ld. Audley ; but now it bel. 
 to the Prideaux's of Soldon, who pur- 
 chafed it of the crown. The Mt. 
 here is on 5. Fair Sept, 21. 
 
 HouNDMiKL,.(&tt^) the next p. 
 to Handbury, i m. from Marching- 
 ton, and near Draycot, bel. formerly 
 to Sir Hen. Handbury ; and, by mar- 
 riage of his filler and coheircfs, went 
 to Wjll. Bowles cf Rufliall ; by whole 
 daughter it defccnded to the Leighr, 
 who were lately, if they arc not ftill, 
 the owners of one moiety ; the other 
 being the eftate of the Vernons, who 
 married a daughter of Haunclhill, who 
 was fifter and cohtirefs with Sir Hen. 
 Handbury's wife. 
 
 HOUNSLOW, ( MidJ. ) 10 cm. 
 12 mm. from London, bel. to 2 ps. 
 the N. fide of the fheet to Hefton, 
 
 the S. fide to Ifleworth. Here was 
 formerly a friary of Mendicants, 
 whofe inftitution was to beg alms for 
 the ranfom of captives taken by the 
 Infidels, which, after the Difl". was 
 given by Hen. VIII. to Ld. Windfor. 
 'Twas afterwards purchafed by Mr. 
 Auditor Roan. Here is a chapel, in 
 which the Ld. Windfor, and many 
 others of that name, are interred. 
 The heath is noted for robberies and 
 horfe-races. Here is a ch. fc. 
 
 HOUSESTEADS, (Nortbumb.) on 
 the S. fide of the Roman wall, near 
 Chefter and Bufy-Gap, noted for the 
 ruins of great quantities of Roman 
 altars and ftatues, which have been 
 dug up here. 
 
 How BORN, (Nortbumb.'] on the 
 N. W. fide of Belford, was a member 
 of the barony of Wollcr } now the feat 
 of Mr. Pavler. 
 
 B3 HOWDEN, (York. E. R. ) 
 139 cm. 173 mm. from- London, 
 ftands on the N. fide of the Oufe, has 
 a Mt. on S. and a Fair Sept. 14, for 
 9 days ; which is conftantly reforted 
 to by the Londoners, whereby the 
 traders all round the country are fur- 
 nifticd with all forts of goods by whole- 
 fale. Here was formerly a collegiate 
 Ch. of 5 prebendaries, erected in the 
 laft century but one ; to which the 
 Bps. of Durham, who have many 
 eftates hereabouts, with a temporal 
 jurifdiclion, have a palace adjacent. 
 Walter Skirlaw, one of them, built 
 a very tall fteeple to the Ch. here, 
 that the inh. might retire to it, in 
 cafe of inundations ; to^hich it is 
 very liable from the great frefhes that 
 come down the Oufe fometimes, at 
 ebb. This part of the Co. is from 
 hence called Howdenfhire, and is wa- 
 tered by a conflux of feveral large 
 rs. that fall into the Humber. At 
 Plowdendike is a ferry over the 
 Oufe. 
 
 HOWFIELD, (Kent) near Rccul- 
 ver, was the patrimony of the Fogs, 
 then of the Colepepers ; from whom 
 it came by Mr. Vane to Mr. Will. 
 Man of Canterbury. 
 
 Ho WC ATE-
 
 HO TO H U 
 
 Ho w G A T i -CA s T L E, ( Salop ) was fettled on the priory of Beauvale, 
 
 N. W. of Brown-Clee-Hill, bel. for- Q^Eliz. gave the manor to Nich. 
 
 merly to the Mauduits 5 then to Bur- Stanhope, one of the grooms of her 
 
 nel, Bp. of Bath; and afterwards to privy- chamber, and to Edw. Stan- 
 
 the Lovels. hope ; but, fines that, the chief part 
 
 HOWGII. -CASTLE, (Weftm.) N. of the town/hip came to Ld. Byron, 
 of Appleby, and on the b. of Cumber- HUDDLESTON, (York* W. R. ) 
 
 land, ftands on the r. Burnibeck, not belowTowton and nearShirbourn,was 
 
 far from the Eden, and a little N. the feat of Fr. Smith, alias Carring- 
 
 from that called the Maiden-Way, ton, Efq; and is famous for a quarry 
 
 It did bel. to the family of Sandfords, of ftone, reckoned the fineft in Eng- 
 
 vvho were very eminent in the Rs. of land. When firft dug out of it, it is 
 
 Edw. II. and III. very foft, but hardens by lying fome 
 
 HOWLETS, (Kent) on the S. W. time in the air. K. Hen.VII's. cha- 
 fide of Beak/bourn, was the ancient pel at Weftminfter was built moftly of 
 demefiie of the Ifaacs 5 one of whom, the ftone fetched from hence. 
 John Ifaac, paid an auxiliary fupply :fc HULL, (Turk. E.R.) 136 cm. 
 for this eftate, at the inverting the 169 mm. from London, is in all wri- 
 Black Prince with knighthood. It tings called Kingfton upon Hull, by 
 afterwards went, by marriage of the reafon of its fituation on that r. and 
 heirefs, to Hen. Palmer, and his fa- its being built by K. Edw. I. who, 
 mily ; whofe defcendant, Sir Henry Camden fays, made a harbour here, 
 of Canterbury, fold it to Sir Rob. and granted the inh. many liberties ; 
 Hales, Bt. Here was one of the alien but the author of the addenda to Cam- 
 priories, den fays, the walls and T. -ditch were 
 
 HOXHAM, (Devon. ) adjacent to madebyleavefromK.Edw.il. and 
 
 Poltimore, formerly the manor of a that Rich. II. gave them the harbour, 
 
 family of the fame name, but went In the time of Hen. VIII. this T, was 
 
 by marriage to the Bamfields. by Ft. erected into an honor ; and in 
 
 HOXON, (Stiff.) on the r. Wave- that of William III. enabled to erec~l 
 
 ney and the N. fide of Eye, in the workhoufes and houfes of correction, 
 
 road to Horlefton, is the place where The firft trade, that enriched it, was 
 
 Edmund K. of the Eaft-Angles was in Iceland fi/h, dried and hardened, 
 
 bound to a tree, and flint to death the fame that is called Stock-Fife, be- 
 
 \vith arrows by the pagan Danes, be- caufe it is carried on by a joint-ftock. 
 
 caufe he would not renounce the The Hull falls here into the Humber, 
 
 chriftian religion. In after agjes, here juft where the latter opens into the 
 
 was a mon. erected to his memory, German ocean ; fo that one fide of 
 
 and a feat of the Bps. of Norwich, the T. lies upon the fea, the other 
 
 who were Lds. of the manor, till the upon land ; but fo low, that, by cut- 
 
 R. of Edw. I. when they exchanged ting the fea-banks, they can drown 
 
 it for the mon. of St. Benedict in the the country 5m. round, Some fay, 
 
 Hulm, in the fame Co. it was incorporated by Edw. III. It 
 
 HUCKNAL, (Net:.) on theN. fide was governed firft by a warden, then 
 
 of Nottingham, near the road to by a bailiff, afterwards by a mayor and 
 
 Mansfield, was a manor formerly di- bailiff; and at laft Hen. VI. granted 
 
 vided into two parts ; cf which Jeff, it a mayor, 12. aid. a recorder, cham- 
 
 Torchard having the largeft, it was berlain, a water-bailiff and flicriff, 
 
 therefore called Hucknal-Torchard. with a T.-clerk, i'word and rriace. 
 
 One of his defendants gave it to the bearers ; and that it fhould be a T. 
 
 priory of Newftede ; and the other and Co. incorporate of itfelf. They 
 
 part, that was one Peverer^afterhav- had a privilege, it is faid, to give 
 
 ing paffed through feveral families, judgment on life, though they do net 
 
 r.cw
 
 H U 
 
 H U 
 
 now make ufe of it. The mayor has port in England, except London, 
 two fwords, one given by Rich. II. Briftol, and Yarmouth. Its inland 
 the other by Henry VIII. who kept trade is the greater, by reafon of the 
 his court here for fome months, and many large rs. that fall into the fea 
 made this one of the 26 fuffragan near it, by the Humber. By the 
 Sees, yet only one fword is carried Oufe it trades to York, and even 
 before him. He has alfo an oar of almoft to Borroughbridge and Rip- 
 lignum vitas, which denotes his ju- pon. By the Trent, Idle, Witham, 
 rifdiftion as admiral within the li- Don, and Derwent, a great trade 
 mits of the Humber. It is fortified is carried on to Bautree, Gainf. 
 by a citadel, built in 1681, a caftle, borough, Newark, Lincoln, Not- 
 block-houle, &c . Here are 2 Chs. tingham, Derby, and Litchfield ; all 
 feveral meeting-houfes, an exchange, the heavy goods of which countries, 
 built in 1621, a cuftom-houfe, a fuch as lead from Derby and Not - 
 wool-hall, gnd an engine to make tinghamfhire, iron-ware from Sh?f- 
 falt water frefli. Here is a fr. fc. field, cheefe from Warwickshire, 
 founded by John Alcock Bp. of Wor- Stafford/hire, and even Cheshire, are 
 cefter, with a hall over it for the brought down to this port, and ex- 
 merchants, who have founded and ported to Holland, Hamburgh, and 
 endowed an hof. here, called Tri- the Baltick, as alfo to France and 
 nity-Houfe, in which are maintained Spain, from whence they make large 
 many diftrefled feamen, and the wi- returns in irrn, copper, hemp, flax, 
 dows of feamen, both of Hull and canvas, Rufiia linen and yarn, be- 
 other places, that are members of its fides wine, oil, fruit, linen, ff. 
 port. In one of the apartments fails from Holland, France, and Spain, 
 are made, in which the T. drives a And by all thefe rs. fuch a vaft quarw 
 great trade j and here is the effigies of tity of corn is brought hither from 
 a Greenlander in his canoe, who was thefe Cos. that it exports more fome- 
 taken, in 1613, by Capt. Andrew times than even London itfelf. The 
 Barker of Hull. The T. is large, trade bet. this port and London, e- 
 clofe built, well paved, and exceed- fpecially for corn, lead, and butter, 
 ing populous, and has a ftately old and the trade bet. this port and Hoi- 
 bridge that goes over the Hull to land and France, not only for all 
 Holdernefs, with 14 arches. Near thefe commodities, but for the cloth, 
 it is the Greenland-Houfe, built in kerfeys, and other mfs. of Leeds, Ha- 
 1674, at the charge of the mer- lifax, and other Ts. of York. W.R. 
 ch.ints ; but that fifliery being not is fuch, that they not only employ 
 ufed here now, it is turned into a fhips, but fleets, the Hull fleets to 
 ftorehoufe for corn, &c. Near it is London being generally from 50 to 
 another hof. called Gtd's Hcnje, 60 fail together, and in time of war 
 which was founded by Michael De often 100 fail, or more. In fine, 
 Ja Pole Earl of Suffolk, in 1584, it is faid there is more bufinefs dene 
 but was pulled down in the late at this port, in proportion to its big- 
 cirii wars, and fince rebuilt. Here nefs, than in any other port of Eu- 
 are other hofpitals, or workhoufes, rope ; and it is certain that its mer- 
 for the poor, and a ch. fc. It is chants have as good a character, and 
 not only the moft confulerable place as great credit, as thofe of any in 
 in thi c part of England for its inland Britain. K. Charles II. in 1667, ~ 
 ti.iffi.-k, but has a foreign trade equal granted it two marts a year, vix. 
 to moft cities in the Km. the cuf- Jxi'y io } and Dec. 10, and five djys 
 toms being reckoned bet. 30 and after each. Its other Fairs ar^ TV. 
 40,000 /. a year, and more mer- in //7>;'//e-'irJ, c fuly 22 to 25, 
 chant-fliips bel. to it, than to any Seft. 21 to 29 } aul its Mts. are Tu. 
 
 A a 3d
 
 H U H U 
 
 and S, It formerly gave title of fcj? HUNGERFORD, (Berk] a 
 Earl, and now of Duke, to the noble gieat thoroughfare in the Bath and 
 family of Pierpoint. Abundance of Briflol road, 54 cm. 64 mm. from 
 herrings are taken here in the feafon. London, ftands in a moorifh foil by 
 HULM, or HOLM'S -CHAPEL, the r. Kennet, and was formerly 
 (Cbcjb.) in the p. of Sandbach, is called Ingleford-Charnamftreet. It 
 the Lp. of the Needhams, one of gave both name and title to the 
 whom built a bridge here over the noble family of the Barons of Hun- 
 Don, near 200 years ago. Here is gerford. The conftable of this T. 
 a ch. fc. and a good trade, it being who is chofen annually, is Ld. of the 
 near Warrington, in the road from manor, which he holds immediately 
 Lancafter to London. of the crown. They have a horn 
 
 HULM, (Suff.) was once an her- here which meafures about a quart, 
 xnitage in die fenny part of the Co. and appears by an infcription on it 
 then called Cowholms, where the to have been given by John of Gaunt, 
 DanUh K. Canute afterwards founded together with a grant of the royal 
 an abbey. fifhery, in a part of the r. which 
 
 HUNANBY, (Turk. E. R.) near abounds with good trouts and craw- 
 Filey-Bay, exceeds the common vil- fifli. Here is a Mt. on IV. and a 
 lages, and once had a Mt. on Tu. Fair Aug. 10. 
 
 which it has now loft. HUNNJLY, ( Wario. ) near 
 
 HUNDON, (Suf.) on the N. W. Wedgncck and Kenilworth, was in 
 fide of Clare, where, in 1687, in the R. of Hen. III. the eftate of the 
 digging a grave, bet. 2 and 300 Saxon Berefords, then of the Peches, and 
 coins were found, with various in- in the next R. went by marriage to 
 fcriptions. Sir William Mountfort of Colefhill, 
 
 HUNFLIXT, or HUNSLET, whofe grandfon, Sir Simon, being 
 (York. W. R.) on the S. bank of attainted in the R. of Henry VII. it 
 the Are, almoft over againft Leeds, came to the crown, and was granted 
 and in its p. was improved from a to the Earl of Kildare and his wife, 
 dog-kennel, as the name imports, to and their male-heirs ; but his fon 
 an eminent T. for clothiers, and then forfeited it to the crown in the next 
 to a corp. in the R. of Cha. II. be- R. and it was granted to Sir Tho. 
 caufe by making that fort of cloth Palmer, who forfeited it in the R. 
 called Northern-dozens, it had much of Q._Mary, by whom it was given 
 increafed the ciown revenue. It had to Mich. Throckmorton, Efq; who 
 formerly a manor-houfe and park, left it to his fon, Francis, then but 
 which bel. to the Gafcoigns, by the feven years of age. One Hill, then 
 marriage of whofe heircfs it came to in poffefiion of it, held it by a 
 Sir Tho. Nevil, whofe defcendant, long leafe from Sir Thomas Palmer, 
 Sir John, forfeiting it in the R. of and dying, left iflue feveral fons, 
 Q. Eliz. by rebellion, fhe gave it to which Rob. Dudley Earl of Leicefter 
 Sir Edw. Cary, whofe pofterity fold hearing of, poflefied himfelf of it, 
 it to the townfrr.cn, of whom the through colour of a title from Fran- 
 Fentons being the chief, they were cis Hill, the youngcft ; but, after the 
 lately, if they are not ftili, Lds. of Earl's death, Thomas the eldeft re- 
 it. 'The widow of Mr. Tho. Fenton covered it, and fold his intereft to 
 lived to fee herfelf grandmother and Roger Burgoyne. In 1686 it was 
 great-grandmother to 138 children, purchafed by Francis Ld. Carrington, 
 who lived for moft part at the neigh- whofe defcendant, Ld. Charles, con- 
 bouring village of Hunfleet-Wood- veyed it to Will. Hungate, V. of 
 houfe. whom it was purchased in (^Anne's
 
 H U 
 
 H U 
 
 R. by John Sanders, Efq; who re- 
 built the Ch. 
 
 HUNNINCTON, (Line.} to the 
 N. E. of Grantham, had a Roman 
 camp within its Lp. though a mile 
 from the village, which has been 
 called Julius Ciefar's, time out of 
 mind, and in 1691, a peck of Ro- 
 man coins were found in its neigh- 
 bourhood, in a fort of urn. 
 
 HUN SCOT i, (IVariv.) in the p. 
 of Hampton upon Avon, was pur- 
 chafed in the R. of Edw. IV. by Sir 
 Will. Lucy of Charlecote, in whofe 
 pofterity it now is, or lately was, 
 
 HUNS DON, (Hartf.} a reftory en 
 the N. fide of Hodfdon, near the r. 
 Lea's conflux with the Stort, and 
 a m. N. of Stanfted, ftands in a fine 
 gravelly foil and good air, and was for- 
 meily parcel of that manor. After 
 it became a diftintl manor, it was 
 pvirchaled of Mr. Goldington by Sir 
 Will. Oldhall, who forfeited it to 
 the crown, by being in arms for K. 
 Rich. III. at Bofworth field j yet it 
 is faid his Ion, being reftorcd, built 
 a grand houfe here in the form of 
 a caftle. K. Henry VII. fettled it 
 on his mother, and Thomas Earl 
 of Derby her hufband, for their 
 lives. After their deceafe, King 
 Henry VIII. granted it to Thomas 
 D. of Norfolk, in fpecial tail, from 
 whom it reverted to the crown, and 
 the K. creeled a palace here, where 
 he kept his children ; and having 
 annexed the manors of Royden and 
 Stanfted to it, made them an honour, 
 and this'manor the capital place of it. 
 K. Edw. VI. fettled it on his fitter 
 the Lady Mary, on whofe acceflion to 
 the throne, it was vefted in the crown 
 again, and there refted till Q._Eliz. 
 gave it, with the title of Baron of 
 Hunfdon, to her mother Anne of 
 Bullen's nephew, Sir Henry Carey, 
 her Ld. chamberlain, &c. as was 
 alfo Sir George, his fon and fucceflbr 
 in the barony, anceftors to the pre- 
 fent Ld. His grand-nephew, John 
 Ld. Hunfdon, who was alfo Vifc. 
 Rochford and Earl of Dover, fold 
 
 this manor to William WilJoughby, 
 Efq; brother to Ld. Willoughby of 
 Parham, who fucceeded him in this 
 barcny. His fon, William, fold this 
 manor, about anno 1671, to William 
 Bluck, Efq; one of the fix clerks in 
 chancery, whofe fun, Matthew, lived 
 here, anno 1700. Robert Chefter, 
 Efq; lately built a feat in this p. on 
 a beautiful hill, with a fine profpedr, 
 and inclofed it with a park. 
 
 H u N s H A w, (Df-vcn.} on the 
 N.E. fide of Torrington, bel. for- 
 merly to the Chajppernons, then to 
 the Wellingtons, and more lately to 
 the Beaumonts, by which name it 
 came to the Chicheilers. 
 
 HUNSTANTON, (Norf.) not far 
 S. of St. Edmund's Cape, on the 
 fhore .of the wa/hes, was at firft a 
 royal tower only, built by St. Ed- 
 mund, who retired to it for ne-ir 
 a year, that he might get the whole 
 book of Pfalms by heart. This 
 village, firft a royal demefne, was 
 afterwards given to the abbey of St. 
 Edmundfbury ; and, upon the coming 
 in of the Normans, it pa(Td to the 
 family of Strange, whofe feat it has 
 been ever fmce, and who held this 
 manor of old, upon condition that 
 they fliould find two foldiers towards 
 the defence of Caftle-Rifing. 
 
 HUNTINGFIJSLD, (Suffolk) 
 
 on the W. fide of Halefworth, 
 was the Lordfliip of a family of 
 that name, from the R. of K. Stephen 
 to that of Edw. III. after which it 
 was transferred by marriage to Sir 
 John Norwich. 
 
 jf. HUNTING-TON, (Hunt.) 
 48 cm. 57 mm. from London, which 
 is the mire T. was by the Saxons 
 called Hunters-Down. It ftands in 
 the great N. road, with a free-ftone 
 bridge over the Oufe, and had once 
 15 Chs. which, in Mr. Camden's 
 time, were reduced to 4, and fines 
 by the civil wars to 2. This decay 
 is afcribcd, by Speed, to the altera- 
 tion of the courfe of the r. by one 
 Gray, who, fays the hiftorir.n, ma- 
 licioufly obftruc"ted its navigation to 
 A a the
 
 H U 
 
 the T. which had before been in- 
 riched by it. It is, however, made 
 Jiavigable for fmall veflels as high as 
 Bedford. Here were formerly ieveral 
 religious-houfes. The Emprefs Maud 
 founded an abbey here, and about 
 the time of the Conqueft, when it 
 had a mint for coinage, a caftle was 
 built near the bridge, which was 
 inlarged by David K. of Scots, to 
 whom K. Stephen granted the Bor. 
 but it was demolifhed by K. Hen. II. 
 K. John granted it by charter, a 
 coroner, toll and cuftom, a recorder, 
 town-clerk, and 2 bailiffs ; but at 
 prefent it is incorporated by the 
 name of a mayor, 12 aid. and bur- 
 geiTes. It is the conftant place for 
 the aflizes and county-gaol, and is a 
 populous trading T. with feveral 
 good inns, and a handfome market- 
 place. Here is a good grammar-fc. 
 and one Mr. Richard Fifiibourn, a 
 i. ; ti7.en of London, but born here. 
 zve 2000 /. to the town, to be 
 li;d out in charitable ufes. There 
 are not more beautiful meadows any 
 where than on the banks of the 
 Ouiie, which are covered in the fum- 
 mer-time with fuch numerous herds 
 of cattle, and flocks of heep, as is 
 aln.ofl incredible. This place is re- 
 jn-ukable for having given birth to 
 Oliver Cromwell, and title of Earl 
 formerly to fome Princes of Scotland, 
 as it has to the Haftings family ever 
 Jir.ce Henry VJII. Its Mts. are on 
 M. and 5. and Fairs on Gosd-F. 
 Lci:\-day, ^/yll, Seft.%. 
 
 HUNTSHAM, (Devsn.) near the 
 iource of the Lorn an r. or Sun- 
 n ngbrook, en the S. E. fide of 
 Kanapton. Robert Beare, Efo; was 
 Ld. of the manor in the time of 
 Edward II. and it was the feat of a 
 gentleman cf that name, late a com- 
 jniflioner of the victualling. 
 
 HuNTSPit, (Scm.) on the Par- 
 ret, near its influx into the Severn, 
 is a royalty. The manor of Huntf- 
 pil-Verfccy lying in the feveral ps. of 
 HwatfpU, Pawktj Woollavjigtan, 
 
 H U 
 
 Cuffington, and Calcot, near Bridge- 
 water, was the inheritance of the 
 late Mr. Palmer, member for Bridge- 
 water. 
 
 H v R L z Y , ( Berks ) on the 
 Thames, 4 m. from Maidenhead, 
 in the Oxford road, was the feat 
 of the late Mr. Robert Gayer, as 
 it was formerly that of the family 
 of Lovelace, one of whom was by 
 K. Cha. I. created Baron of Hurley j 
 but it was afterwards fold to pay the 
 debts of one of his fuccelTors, and 
 was bought by Mr. Oakley for 
 41,000 /. Here was a mon. which 
 was a cell to Weftminfter-Abbey. 
 Mrs. Williams has a feat here. 
 
 HURLEY, (Warw.) formerly a 
 part of the Lp. of Kingftmry, bel. to 
 the Bracebriggs. It came afterwards 
 to the Waldeiffs, and went by mar- 
 riage to Thomas Willingtcn, whofs 
 pofterity enjoyed it in 1640. 
 
 HURSLEY, (Hainp.) near Win. 
 chefter, where is an eftate that for- 
 merly bel. to Henry Cromwell, Efq; 
 grandfon to Oliver, which, though 
 not more than 800 /. a year, is fo 
 overgrown with woods, that it can 
 eafily fpare the cutting of 20,000 /. 
 worth of timber. Here is the feat 
 of Sir William Heathcote, called 
 Hurfley-Lodge. 
 
 HURST, (Berki] is near Twiford, 
 but part of the parifli is in Wilts. 
 Here is an almfhoufe founded by 
 Sir Richard Harrifon, for 12 men 
 and women, who have each 3 s. 6 d. 
 a week, and gowns yearly. Here is 
 a fear of Sir Walter Compton. 
 
 HURST, (Kent) on the S. E. fide 
 of Afnford, was formerly a p. but 
 the Ch. being ruined, the peopk go 
 to die Ch. at Aldington. 
 
 HURST, (War-iv.) not far from 
 Stonely-Abbey, to which it formerly 
 be!, as it does now to the Ld. Leigh 
 of Stonely, whote anceftpr purchafed 
 it in the R. of Q^Eh'z- 
 
 HURST-CASTLE, (ttomffb.) o 
 
 that r.eck of land, which, running 
 
 fariheit into the fea, makes the 
 
 /hemft
 
 H U 
 
 /norteft paflage to the Ifle of Wight, 
 the diftance being not above i. m. 
 It ftands on a beach i m. and i-halt" 
 in the fea, and was the lafl prifon 
 of K. Cha. I. before he was brought 
 to London for his trial. Here is al- 
 ways a garrifon, commanded in chief 
 by a governor. 
 
 HURSTMONCEUX, (Suffix ) 
 
 among woods, between Hail/ham 
 and .Afhburnham, was once the 
 feat of a family which took their 
 name from it. It went by marriage 
 to that of Fiennes, (afterwards Lds. 
 Dacre) one of whom in the R. of 
 Hen. VI. added 600 acres of land to 
 his park here j and from them it 
 came to the Lennards Earls of 
 Sufiex. 
 
 HuRST-PlZRPOINT, (Suffix) 
 
 on the N. W. fide of Lewes, near 
 Twineham, bel. formerly to the 
 Pierpoints. 
 
 HUSBORN-TARRA-NT, (Haotf.} 
 a p. N. of Andover, bel. heretofore 
 to Tarrant- Abbey in Dorfetftire j but 
 K. Edw. VI. granted it to Sir Will. 
 Pawlet Ld. St. John, and his heirs 
 and afiigns, for ever. 
 
 K^> HOTHERSFIELD, (Torkjb. 
 
 W. R. ) 134 cm. 16 1 mm. from 
 London, was long the feat of the 
 Talbots. It Hands on the Calder, 
 is one of the 5 Ts. in this Co. moft 
 noted for the cloathing trade, and 
 has a Mt. for kerfeys every Tu. 
 
 HUT TON-HALL, (Cumb.) near 
 the r. Caude and Rofe-Caftle, was 
 the eftate of a family of that name, 
 till purchafed by the Fletchers, who 
 have fo much improved it in build- 
 ings and gardens, cfpccially the late 
 Sir Geo. Fletcher, Bt. that it is one 
 of the pleafanteft feats in the Co. It 
 was the late Sir George Fletcher's, 
 who held it of the K. by this fer- 
 vice, vix. tenere ftippam, &c. /. e. to 
 >old his ftirrup when he mounts his 
 horfe at Carlifle-Caftfe. 
 
 HYLE-LAKZ, (Cbtjb.) bet. the 
 mouths of the Dee and Merfey, 
 vrhere (hips bound for Ireland often 
 wait for a wind. 
 
 TO I G 
 
 I C 
 
 ICKENILD-STREET, is that old; 
 Roman highway, denominated, 
 from the Icenians, which extended 
 from Yarmouth in Norfolk, the E. 
 part of the Km. of the Iceni, to Bar- 
 ley in Hartford/hire, giving name in 
 the way to feveral villages, as Icki- 
 worth, Icklingham, and Icklcton ia 
 that Km. From Barley to Royfton 
 it divides the /hires of Cambridge and 
 Hartford. From Ickleford it runs by 
 Tring, crofies Bucks and Oxfordshire, 
 pafles the Thames at Goring, and ex- 
 tend: to the W. part of England. This 
 is the opinion of Sir Henry Chauncy, 
 which feems much better founded 
 than the afiertion of Mr. Lambard, 
 that it extended from Tinmouth in 
 Northumberland to St. David's in 
 Wales 5 or Sir Will. Ducdak's, that 
 it palfed from Tinmouth, through 
 Yorkrtiire to Glocefterlhire, and lo 
 to Winchefter and Southampton. 
 
 ICKLEFORD, or ICKLETON, 
 (Hartfordjh.) upon Ickcnild-Streit, 
 en ths N. fide of Hitchin, in the 
 way to Pirton, bel. formerly to Sir 
 Roger Towcots ; but, coming to the 
 crown, was granted by Rich. III. to 
 Sir Will. Meering, from whole fa- 
 mily it came to the Dearrmns, and 
 about anr.o 1580, was purchafed by 
 Tho. Auncel, whofe defendants of 
 the fame name enjoyed it for four or 
 five generations, one of whom was 
 high-meriff of the Co. anno 1698. 
 There is a tradition that it was once 
 a Mt.-T. Here is a ford upon the 
 ftream here, called Arlefea, which 
 beyond Bigglefwade changes its name 
 to Ivel. 
 
 ICKLIXGHAM, (Suffolk) to the 
 S.E. of Mildenhail, on the fame r. 
 whofe antiquity appears from the 
 Roman coins that have been dug up 
 near it. 
 
 ICKWORTR, (Sufi) am. from 
 
 Bury, has a park well ftocked with 
 
 the fine harlequin-deer, in which i* 
 
 Aa 3 a
 
 I D 
 
 TO 
 
 I L 
 
 a teat of the Earl of Briflol, to 
 whom it gives title of Baron. A 
 large pot of Roman money was dug 
 up here not a great while ago. 
 
 IDLECOT, (Warw.) bet. Shipfton 
 and Kingten, bel. formerly to the 
 inon. of Kenehvorth ; but in the R. 
 f Hen. VIII. was paffed away to 
 Tho. Cawarden, and his heirs 5 for 
 \vant of which, it reverted to the 
 crown, and, in the R. of Q. Eliz. 
 was granted to Lodowic Grevii, and 
 others ; and from them it went to 
 feme of the Underbill family, of 
 whom Sir Hercules Underbill was in 
 poflefiicn of it in 1640. 
 
 f$* IERBY, (Cutr.l>.) in the p. of 
 Torpenho, and on the N. E. fide of 
 Cockermouth, near the fource of the 
 Eln, 225 cm. 290 mm. from London, 
 confjfcs of 2 manors, the High and 
 the Low ; the latter whereof is often 
 called Market- lerby, by reafon of its 
 Mr. onTb. which the other has not. 
 The High-Ierby was a long time in 
 the pcffefiicn of a family of that name. 
 The latter was lately the Lp. of the 
 Ivf ufgraves of Crokedale, who are de- 
 fcended of the fame famiiv. 
 
 Ii AM, (Staff.) on the N. W. fide 
 cf Afhbourn in Derbyshire, and near 
 the eruption of the rs. Manifold and 
 Hamps at one mouth, after they have 
 run for feme ms. under ground. It 
 was formerly the eftate of the Ip- 
 ftones j from whom it defcended to 
 the Walkers, in whofe name it con- 
 tinued many fuccefiions ; but it was, 
 i i the laft century, fold to Mr. Lau. 
 "Wright, in whofe pofterity it w^s 
 Jately, if it be not itill. This p. is 
 noted for the tomb, well, and a/h of 
 St. Bertram, who is laid to have per- 
 formed many miracles in this Co. 
 The afh, which grows over the fpring, 
 is taken great care of by the common 
 people, who have a fuperftiiicus no- 
 tion, that it is very dangerous to 
 break a bough of it. 
 
 % ILCHESTZR, (5o.-r.) 1040111. 
 325 mm. frcm London, is fo called, 
 becaufe it once had a cattle, and ftands 
 on the r. Ivel. Some fay, the caflle 
 was built thfre by the Romans, to 
 
 curb the Britons after Bcadicca's in- 
 furreftion, and that the Roman fofs- 
 way pafled through this place. That 
 Roman coins have been dug up here, 
 is certain, and that it was a populous 
 and important place, about the time 
 of the conqueft. 'Tis likewife evi- 
 dent, from the rujns and from two 
 towers on the bridge, that it was once 
 large place, and encompafled with 
 double wall. It alfo had feveral p. 
 -hs. though now but one. 'Tis go- 
 erned by 2 bailiffs, who, with the 
 2 burgefles, are Lds. of the manor, 
 n the R. of Edw. HI. the aflizes for 
 he Co. were fixed here, which have 
 fince been he'd, alternately, at Wells, 
 Tauntun, and Bridgwater. The Kts. 
 of th* /hire are always chofen here,and 
 it is the place for the Co. courts and 
 jail. On the latter is its chief de- 
 pendance, and therefore it cannot be 
 very polite, wealthy, or happy ; how- 
 ever, it has the honour of giving title 
 of Ld. to Ste'phen Fox, the twin bro- 
 ther of Henry Fox, Efq; fecretary at 
 war, and late a Ld. of the treafury j 
 whofe father, Sir Stephen Fox, was 
 alfo a Ld. of the trealury, in the R. 
 of K. Will. III. This u noted for 
 being the birth-place cf Roger, the 
 famous Friar Bacon 5 and for the exe- 
 cution of Mrs. Branch, a widow of 
 feme fortune, at a farm houfe bet. 
 Bath and Froome, who was hanged 
 here, in 1740, together with her 
 daughter, for the rncft barbarous raur- 
 dtrcf their maid-fervant, by whipping 
 her for feveral hours together. The 
 Mt. here is ^. the Fairs July 22, 
 Aug. 29. King's-Moor near this 
 place is noted for horfe-races. Coin* 
 of the Roman emperors are often dug 
 up here. 
 
 ILFORD, GUZAT and LITTLE, 
 (E/ex) on each fide of the r. bet. 
 Barking and Wanftead. At Great- 
 Ilford was formerly an hof. for lepers, 
 to be chofen out of the demefnes of 
 Barking-Abbey. 
 
 83=- iLroRDCOMK, (Devtn.) 
 
 152 cm. 178 mm. turn London, a 
 
 populous, ricfc, trad.ng lea-port, ef- 
 
 pecially with htniDgs, in lite Brifrol- 
 
 CLaa-
 
 I L 
 
 TO 
 
 I N 
 
 Channel ; noted for maintaining ccn- 
 fhnt lights to direct the failors, for 
 its convenience of building and repair- 
 ing fhips, and for the fafe flicker mips 
 from Ireland find here, when it is 
 extremely dangerous for them to run 
 into the mouth of the Taw, which 
 they call Barnftaple -Water ; and this 
 is one reafon, why the Barnftaple 
 merchants do fo much of their bufi- 
 nefs at this port. The harbour, with 
 its quay, warp-houfe, light- houfe, 
 pilot-boats, and tow-boats, was for- 
 merly maintained at the expence of 
 the anceftors of Sir Bourchier Wrey, 
 Bt. the Ld. of the manor j and. then 
 it had a quay, or pier, 850 foot long, 
 but by time and the violence of the 
 fea all went to decay ; for remedy of 
 which, the Pt. pafledan aft, in 1731, 
 for both repairing and enlarging the 
 piers, harbour, 6V. The T. is go- 
 verned by a mayor, bailiffs, &>:. and 
 confifts chiefly of one ftreet of fcat- 
 tered houfes, almoft im.long. Its 
 Mt. is on S. The p. is large, con- 
 taining feveral tithings and manors ; 
 the chief of which was formerly the 
 eftate of the Champernons, and after- 
 wards of Sir John Herle. 
 
 ILKLEY, (York. W. R.) on theE. 
 fide of Skipton, nearWheatlcy-Spaw, 
 on the S. fide of the r.Wharfe,oppofite 
 to Stubham, appears to be very an- 
 cient, by the engraved pillars of Ro- 
 man work lying in its Ch.-yard 5 and 
 an infcription dug up neartheCh. not 
 very many years ago, fhews it was re- 
 built by the emperor Severus. 
 
 ILMINGTON, (tVariu.} on the 
 N. W. fide of Shipton upon Stour, 
 lei. formerly to the Montforts Es. of 
 Leicester ; but, being forfeited to the 
 crown, was given by Hen. VIJ. to 
 Sir Reginald Bray ; with whofe niece, 
 it went by marriage to Sir Will. Sands, 
 afterwards Ld. Sands, in the R. of 
 Hen. VIII. whofe fon, Thomas Ld. 
 Sands, conveyed it to Tho. Andrews, 
 and his heirs. 
 
 f? ILMISTER, (Som.) 113 cm. 
 138mm. from London, is a p. fm. 
 in length, with a Mt. on S. a eon- 
 fiderabk woollen mf. and a very good 
 
 Ch. in which is a ftately monument, 
 eretled to the founder of Wadham- 
 Cgll. in Oxford. In the R. of K. 
 Rich. I. it was made a prebend, and 
 given to Muchelney-Abbey, in this 
 
 ILSIKGTON, (Dwca.) on the 
 N.W. fide of Newton-Bufhel, for- 
 merly bcl. to the Beamonts, then to 
 the Dynhams ; and afterwards by 
 marriage to the Pomerys. 
 
 {5= ILSLEY-EAST, (Berks) 
 44 cm. 51 mm. from London, is in 
 the road from Oxford to Newburr, in 
 a fine fporting country, bel. anciently 
 to a family of the fame name, and 
 has a Mt. on Wed. The rectory, 
 which is in the gift of the C. of 
 Windfor, is 300 /. a year. Weft- 
 Ilfley is nearer to Cuckhamfley-Hill, 
 The Fairs at Eaft-Ilfley arc Tib. 24, 
 Eafter.W. Wbit-W. and Aug. 15. 
 
 ILTON, (Dei/on.) on a creek that 
 comes from Kingfbridge, formerly 
 bel. to Sir John Chiverfton, whofe; 
 grandfon paffed it to the Courtneys. 
 
 INGE, UP. and Low. (Wariv.) 
 on the N. fide of Stratford upon 
 Avon, was originally a member of 
 Hampton upon Avon, and then of 
 Old-Stratford, it being purchafed for 
 John de Stratford, Bp. of Worcefter, 
 who gave it to a chantry in Stratford- 
 Ch. but after the Difl". it was given* 
 by Edw. VI. to Rich. Pallady and 
 Fr. Foxhall, a mercer in London, to. 
 be held in cafltc. They paffed it 
 away to Tho. Hawkins, alias Fifher,, 
 of Warwic, who fold it to Will* Clap- 
 ton, Efq; and it was afterwards fold 
 to the Cokeleys j from whom Upper- 
 Inge came to Mr. Farrein, and the 
 Lower to Mr. Woolmer of Stratford. 
 
 INGERLKY, (Devon.) on the S, 
 fide of Hatherley, was in the Coffins. 
 family, from the R. of K. John to 
 that of Edw. III. and then it was di- 
 vided among the Diftaffs. 
 
 23mm. from London, from whence 
 it is a great thoroughfare to Harwich, 
 has a confiderable Mt. on W. for live 
 cattle brought out of Suffolk, (&c, 
 and a Fair on Nov. zo. 'Tis the feat 
 of
 
 I N 
 
 TO 
 
 I P 
 
 of the ancient and noble family of the 
 Petres, to whole anceftor, SirWilliam, 
 it was granted by K. Hen. VIII. at 
 the DifT. of Barking- Abbey, to which 
 till then it bcl. It was he, that 
 founded 8 fellowfhips in Exeter-Col!. 
 Oxford, called the Petrean fellowfhips, 
 and built an almfti. here for 20 poor 
 people. He lies buried under a ftately 
 monument in the Ch. as do feveral 
 others of that family. 
 
 INGESTRE, (Stajf.) on the banks 
 of Trent, 2m. N. E. of Stafford, bel. 
 in theR. cf Hen. II. to the Mittens ; 
 but, in the next R. went by marriage 
 to the family of the Chetwinds, in 
 which it continues to this day, with 
 the fined park and gardens that are in 
 this part of England, laid out by the 
 late Ld. Chetwind. The p. Ch. here 
 was rebuilt by Walter Chetwind, Efq; 
 who died in 1693. 
 
 INGLEBORNE, (Devon.'} in Har- 
 burton p. anciently bel. to the abbey 
 of Buckfaft-Leigh, which, after the 
 Difl". Mr. John Wotton purchafed of 
 Hen. VIII. 
 
 INGLESTHORP, [Norfolk] on the 
 W. fide of Shanburn, ftands where 
 the r. Ingol runs into the fea from 
 Snetfliam, where it rifes. 
 
 INSTOW, ( Devon. ) corruptly fo 
 called for Johnftow, ftands at the con- 
 flux of the Taw and Towridge, not 
 far from Biddiford, was formerly the 
 manor of the St. Johns, and fince of 
 Sir Rich. Hankford. 
 
 ST, JOHN'S, (Kent) in the ifle of 
 Thanet, is a member of the port of 
 Dover. Its manors did bel. in part 
 to St. Auguftin's rnon, in Canterbury; 
 but, fince the Dill, to the Colepepers. 
 The other part were lay-fee, bel. an- 
 ciently to the Dandelions, Leybourns, 
 and Fleets ; but of later years to Peti t, 
 Norwood, and Philpot. Here are 
 Fairs on Midfummer and Bartbola- 
 wnv-DoySf and a ch. fc. 
 
 IPSLEY, (ff^ariv.) near Studlsy, 
 the manor and feat of Sir John Hu- 
 kand ; whofe family have ncld it in 
 a lineal fucceilion, ever fince the R, 
 f Hen. 11, 
 
 IPSTONIS, (Staff'.') near the r. 
 Churr.tt, i m. below Kingfley, an- 
 ciently bel. to a family of the fame 
 name ; from which it went, by mar- 
 riage, to the Breretons, as it came to 
 Sir John de Ipftones, in the R. of 
 Ed-,v. I. or II. by his father's marry- 
 ing the heirefs of Sir Hen. Cromwell. 
 The foil here is noted for producing 
 the beft ruddle, or red-oker, for 
 marking fheep. 
 
 # IPSWICH, (Suffolk] 55 cm. 
 6S mm. from London, is an ancient, 
 neat, well-built, populous T. I m. 
 Jong, but broader, forming a fort of 
 half-moon on the bank of the r. Or- 
 well, over which it has a ftone-bridge, 
 leading to its fuburb Stoke-Hamlet. 
 Mr. Camden called it the eye of this 
 Co. It has a harbour, which was 
 more conynodious formerly than now ; 
 and the number of its fhips, as well 
 as its trace by fea, is thereby confi 
 derably IciTened, as well as its Chs. 
 which were 21, and now but tz ; 
 though there are z chapels in the 
 corp. liberty, befides meeting-houfes. 
 It had charters and a mint, fo early 
 as theR. of K. John; but the laft 
 charter was from K. Cha. II. 'Tis 
 incorporated by the name of 2 bailiffs, 
 a recorder, 12 portmen, of whom 
 the bailiffs are 2, a T.-clerk, a cham- 
 berlains, 2 coroners, and 24 C.C. 
 The bailiffs and 4 of the portmen are 
 juftices of the peace. 'Twas plun- 
 dered, in 991, by the Danes, who 
 demolished the ditch and rampart of 
 the T. and forced the inh. to pay 
 10,000 /. They plundered it again, 
 9 years after. And K. Stephen de- 
 moli/hed tbe caflle ufelf, which had 
 been built by Will, the Conq. Car- 
 dinal Wolfcy, who was a native of 
 this place, and the fon of a butclier, 
 began to erecl a college on the ruins 
 of one of its mons. which, though he 
 did not fini/h, bears his name. Here 
 were 6 other religious houfes, the 
 ruins of which are llill to be feen. 
 One of them is converted into a man- 
 fi^n-houfe, lately the feat of Vifcount 
 H^r-ford, and now of Mr, Claude
 
 I p 
 
 I p 
 
 Fonnereau, with a park and bowling- 
 green in it, which are a great addition 
 to the pleafantnefs of Ipfwich. At 
 another, thequarter-feflions are held, 
 and part of it is a gaol. This T. en- 
 joys feveral considerable privileges ; 
 as the pafling fines and recoveries, 
 trying caufes both criminal and capi- 
 tal, and even crown cauies among 
 themfelves. They appoint the aflize 
 of bread, wine, beer, gfe. No free- 
 man can be obliged, againft his con- 
 fent, to ferve on juries out of the T. 
 or bear any office for the K. iheriffs 
 for the Co. excepted ; nor are they 
 obliged to pay any tithes, or duties, 
 in any other part of the Km. They 
 are entitled to all waifs, ftrays, and 
 all goods caft on Ihore, within their 
 admiralty jurifdidlion, which extends, 
 on the Effex-coaft, beyond Harwich, 
 and OH both fides the Suftblk-coaft j 
 and the bailiffs even hold their admi- 
 ralty court beyond Landguard-Fort, 
 &c. In the R. of Edw. III. it was 
 determined, at a trial, that the bailiffs 
 and burgeffes had the fole right to take 
 the cuftom duties, for goods coming 
 into the port of Harwich. Here is a 
 convenient key and cuftom-houfe ; 
 and no place in Britain is fo well fituate 
 for the Greenland-trade, becaufe, be- 
 fides its conveniency for boiling the 
 blubber, and erecting ftore-houfes, 
 6?c. the fame wind, which carries 
 them out of the mouth of the har- 
 bour, will carry them to the very feas 
 of Greenland. Ships of 500 tons 
 have been built here. The tide rifes 
 generally 12 foot, and brings great 
 ihips, within a fmall diftance of it, 
 but flows a very little way higher. At 
 low water the harbour is almoft dry ; 
 which made the D. of Buckingham 
 fay to Cha. II. " that here was a r. 
 " without water." And, as for the 
 T. he added, " that here were flreets 
 " without names, and the afles wore 
 " boots." The meaning of the z 
 laft is, that the T. is divided into 4 
 wards, and called by their names, in- 
 ftead of flreets ; and that the bow- 
 ling-green, above-mentioned, ufed to 
 
 be rolled by afles in boots, that their, 
 hoofs might not make an impreflion 
 on the green. Here are a T.-hall, 
 council-chamber, a (hire-hall for the 
 Co. feflions ; a palace for the Bp. of 
 Norwich ; a fr. fc. a good library, 
 adjoining to a work-houfe, or hof. 
 for poor lunaticks, where rogues, va- 
 gabonds, &c. are kept to hard labour j 
 and a noble foundation,by Mr. Tooley, 
 in 1556, for poor old men and women. 
 Here are other ahnfhs. 3 ch. fcs. in 
 z of which are 70 boys, and in the 
 3d 40 girls ; and an excellent charity 
 was begun here, in 1704, for the re- 
 lief of poor clergy's widows and or- 
 phans of this Co. by a fubfcription/ 
 which is rifen to near 5000 /. Tho* 
 Ipfwich is thought to be one of the 
 cheapeft places in England to live at, 
 becaufe of eafy houfe-rent, the beft of 
 inns, plenty of all manner of provi- 
 lions, and eafy pafTage, either by water 
 or land, the coach going through to 
 London in a day ; yet a late author 
 compares it to a noble old houfe, 
 which has flood long untenanted, and 
 out of repair, the houfes being built 
 in the antique fafhion, the ftreets 
 large, and few people to be feen in 
 them. 'Tis certain, however, that 
 here are more gentry, than in any 
 other T. in the Co. except St. Ed- 
 mundfbury. It has Mts. on Ta. and 
 Tb. for fmall meat ; on W. ad Fr. 
 for fifli j and on 5. for provifions of 
 all kinds. In the midft of the Mt.- 
 place is a fine crofs. It has a great 
 Cattle-Fair Aug. n and 12, and one 
 on Seft. 14 for butter and cheefe, be- 
 fides other Fairs onGood-F. Apr. 23, 
 May 7 and 8, and jfvjy 25. It gives 
 title of Vifc. as well as Thetford does, 
 to the D. of Grafton. The adjacent 
 country is cultivated chiefly for corn ; 
 of which a great quantity is continu- 
 ally fhipp'd off for London, andfome- 
 times it is exported to Holland. This 
 part of the Co. alfo abounds fo much 
 with timber, that, fincc its trade of 
 /hip-building is abated, they fend great 
 quantities to the K's. -yards, at Chat- 
 ham j to which they often run, from 
 the
 
 I R 
 
 TO 
 
 I S 
 
 the mouth of Harwich r. in one tide. 
 The r. here is beft known by the 
 name of Ipfwich-Water ; and the paf- 
 lage by it to Harwich is about 12 m. 
 There is Lavington-Creek in it, where 
 are prodigious fhoals of mulcles to fee 
 leen at low water ; and near it was a 
 fine feat and manor of Sir Sam. Bar- 
 nardi'ton, now dividc-d into many 
 branches. The French refugees at- 
 tempted formerly to erect a linen- 
 mf. here, but it did net anfwer 5 
 however, the poor people are em- 
 ployed in fpinning wool for other 
 places, where the mf. is fettled. 
 
 IRCKINFIELD, (Hertf.) on the 
 E. fide of the Golden-Vale, is that 
 part of the Co. which hiftory fays was 
 deftroyed with fire and fword by the 
 Danes, anr.o 715 ; and where certain 
 revenues were afiigned to one or two 
 priefts, on condition that they fhould 
 go on embaiTies from the Ks. of Eng- 
 land into Wales j and the inh. when - 
 ever the army marched againft the 
 enemy, were to form the van-guard, 
 and in their return homewards the 
 rear-guard. 
 
 IRNAM, (Line.} near Corby, is a 
 pleafant village, with good water and 
 in a wholefome air, anciently the ba- 
 rony of And. Lutterel ; but lately the 
 feat of John Thimbleby, with a park 
 adjoining to it. 
 
 IR ox-Ac TON, (Gloc .) at the con- 
 flux of the Slower and Laden, which 
 form the r. Frome, W. of Chipping- 
 Sodbury, is a p. 3 m. in com. where 
 much iron has formerly been dug up, 
 and many iron works and great heaps 
 of cinders are ftill to be feen. Soon 
 after the conqueft, this manor came 
 to the Aftons, who took their name 
 from it, and held it till the R. of K. 
 Rich. II. when it went,, by marriage, 
 to Sir John Pointz, in whole family 
 it continued near 400 years, till fold 
 by the widow of another Sir John 
 Pointz to Mr. Player ; from whom it 
 pafTed to Simon Harcourt, Efqj with 
 the park bel. to it. 
 
 la THING TON, (Cumb.) on the r. 
 , near Brampton and the Picls- 
 
 Wall, the capital manor of the ba- 
 rony of Gillifland, where the Ld. of 
 it had his feat, called Caftle-Steed, of 
 which the ruins are yet vifible. 'Twas 
 the feat of the late Mrs. Femvick. 
 
 IRTON, or IRTOND ALE, (Cumb.) 
 to the S. E. of Egremont, long the 
 manor and feat of a family of that 
 name, on the fide of the r. Irt ; in 
 which are found the mulcles, fa id to 
 breed a fort of pearl, and tailed by 
 the people fliell-berries ; and fome 
 gentlemen got a patent for the faid 
 pearl-fifhery, but we do not find that 
 it turned to much account ; and Dr. 
 Lifter fays they are only the fcabs of 
 old mufcles. 
 
 ISELHAM, (Camb.) to the N. E. 
 of Soham, came from the Peytons fa- 
 mily, by marriage, to the Bernards. 
 Here is a ch. fc. 
 
 ISLE, (Salop) 2 m. from Shrewf- 
 bury, is a peninfula formed by the 
 Severn, where thofe floats, called co- 
 racles, are inuch ufed ; wherein only 
 one man can fit, who rows very fwiftly 
 with one hand, while with the other 
 he manages his falling- tackle. They 
 are of a form almoft oval, and made 
 of fplit fally twigs interwoven, and 
 that part under the water is coveted 
 with a horfe's hide. 'Tis about 5 
 foot long and 3 broad, round at the 
 bottom, and fo light, that they carry 
 them on their backs to and from the 
 water. 
 
 ISLINGTON, {Mldd.} on the N. 
 fide of London, to which it is almoft 
 contiguous, appears to be of Saxon 
 origin ; and, in the Conqueror's time , 
 was written Ifledon, orlfendon. The 
 Ch. is one of the prebends of St. 
 Paul's 5 to the D. and C. of which a 
 certain precinct here bel. for the pro- 
 bate of wills, and granting adminiftra- 
 tions. Its houfes are near 700, in- 
 cluding the Upper and Lower Hollo- 
 ways, 3 fides of Newington-Green, 
 and part of Kingfland, on the road to 
 Ware. In the S. W. part of this vil- 
 lage is that noble refcrvoir, impro- 
 perly called New-River-Head ; tho' 
 they are only z bafons, which receive 
 that
 
 I S 
 
 TO 
 
 I V 
 
 that r. from Hartford/hire, and from 
 whence the water is thrown by an 
 engine into the company's pipes, for 
 the fupply of London. In the reed- 
 moat on the N. fids of thefe bafons, 
 called Six-Acre-Field, from the con- 
 tents of it, which is the 3dfield beyond 
 the White-Conduit, there appears to 
 have been a fortrefs in former days, 
 inclofed with a rampart and ditch, 
 which is fuppofed to have been a Ro- 
 man camp, made ufe of by Suetonius 
 Paulinus, after his retreat, which 
 Tacitus mentions, from Loadon, be- 
 fore he fallied thence, and routed the 
 Britons, under their Q^ Boadicea ; 
 and that which is vulgarly, but er- 
 roneoufly, called Jack Straw's Caftle, 
 in a fquare place in the S. W. angle 
 of the field, is fuppofed to have been 
 the feat of the Roman general's pre- 
 torium, or tent. In this p. are two 
 ch. fcs. an hof. with its chapel, an 
 almfh. and a workhoufe for the 
 poor. 
 
 tJ'IsLip,(0.ir/ r .)47cm. 57mm. 
 from London, is noted for the birth 
 and baptifm of Edward the Confeflbr, 
 who gave the manor to Weftminfter- 
 Abbey. His font is flill in the pof- 
 fcflion of a gentleman at Nether- 
 Ridlington. It has a good Mt. for 
 flieep, and fome remains of an an- 
 cient palace, faid to have been K. 
 Ethelred's. Here is a ch. fc. 
 
 ISLEWORTH, commonly THIS- 
 TLE WORTH, (Middlefex) on the 
 Thames, W. of Brentford. Richard 
 K. of the Romans had a palace here, 
 which was burnt down by the Lon- 
 doners in an infurreclion. Bet. this 
 place and Worton there was a mill 
 in the R. of Q-JEliz. for the mf. of 
 copper and brafs, which was melted 
 and forged out of the ore brought up 
 from Mcndip-Hills in Somerfet/hire. 
 Here are z ch. fcs. 
 
 iTCHINOTON-BlSHOPS, (War."} 
 
 on the r. Ichene, to the N. E. of 
 Kincton, is fo called from the Bps. 
 cf Coventry and Litchfield, once its 
 pofleflbrs. Henry III. granted it a 
 Mt. on #'. and a Fair on Sr, Piter 
 
 and St. Paul's, and three days after. 
 In the R. of Edw. VI. Rich. Samp- 
 fon the Bp. conveyed it to Thomas 
 Fifher, fecretary to the D. of Somer- 
 fet the Protedor, who changed the 
 name to Fifher's-Itchington. It was 
 afterwards fold to Thomas Cox, of 
 Honingham in this Co. whofe foil 
 fold it in the R. of Cha. I. to Sir Ja. 
 Enyan, of Flore in Northampton- 
 fiiire, who pafled it away five years 
 after his purchafe, to Sir David Co- 
 nyngham. 
 
 IrcHiNGTON-LoNG, (Warw.) 
 N. of Southam, bel. anciently to the 
 Limofins and Odingfels, of whom 
 Sir Hugh held it of K. Edw. I. in 
 capite. His defcendant, Sir John, 
 being outlawed in the R. of Edw. II. 
 his eftate was extended, but for a 
 fine of 200 marks to that K. re- 
 covered. It was afterwards mort- 
 gaged to Sir John Throckmorton, 
 who pafled his title to Robert Earl of 
 Leicefter, who magnificently enter- 
 tained Q!_Elizabeth under fo large a 
 tent, that the pins of it were feven 
 cart-loads. His Lp. gave it to his 
 natural fon, Sir Rob. Dudley. From 
 him it came to his daughters ; but 
 Lady Anne Verney had a mare in it, 
 which was fold by decree in chan- 
 cery to ferjeant Newdigate, whofe 
 fon, Sir Richard, fold it to the Ld. 
 Gray Earl of Stamford, the prcfent 
 owner, and the other part of the 
 manor is in the pofleffion of Edward 
 Ld. Leigh of Stonely. This was an- 
 ciently one of the chief Ts. in the 
 Co. and in the R. of Henry II. was 
 ranked with the Bors. that were to 
 contribute to the marriage of that 
 K's. daughter. 
 
 not far from Southam andhe Upper, 
 near Harberbury. The manor-houfe of 
 the firft is turned into two dwellings, 
 of which the Ld. Brook is owner, and 
 the latter was purchafed of Mr. Cran- 
 mer by SirTho. Hardy, in 1719. 
 
 IVER, (Bucks] near Uxbridge and 
 the Coin, has a Fairs a year, vi 
 June 29, and Aug. i, and' a ch. fc,
 
 I V 
 
 TO 
 
 K E 
 
 %. ST. IVKS, (Corniv.) 229 cm. 
 s;8 mm. from London, a harbour in 
 the Irifli Channel, the true name of 
 which is St. Ithes. Though it is al- 
 moft choaked up with land, the 
 coail from hence to the Land's-End 
 being a long traft of fand- banks, fo 
 that the people have been more than 
 once forced to remove, it has throve 
 much by trading with pilchards and 
 Cornifh dates ; and 20 or 30 fail of 
 fliips bel. to its harbour. It is go- 
 verned by a mayor, 12 capital and 
 24 inferior burgefles, with a recorder, 
 town-clerk, &c. Here is a hand- 
 feme fpacious Ch. Which is often 
 buffeted by the waves of the fea, 
 but the mother Ch. is at Unilalant. 
 Here is a grammar- fchool that was 
 founded by Charles I. of which the 
 Bp. of Exeter, and the mayor and 
 capital burgefles, are governors. Here 
 are Mts. on W. and 6\ and Fairs on 
 Good-Friday, April 16, May 10, 
 July 20, Seft, 26, and- Dec. 3. 
 The bay, into which runs the r. 
 Hayle, lies much expofed to the 
 N. W. wind. The rocks hereabouts 
 have fome ftreaks of a metal like 
 copper, of which in the neighbour- 
 hood there are mines. The manor 
 was anciently in the Ferrers family, 
 from whom it came by marriage to 
 the Champernons, and from them 
 in the fame manner to Sir Robert 
 Willoughby Ld. Brooke, by whofe 
 daughter it came in marriage to Mr. 
 Paulet, anceftor of the prefent D. of 
 Bolton, who held it in the R. of 
 Cha. I. and in whofe family it did 
 very lately, if it does not Mill, con- 
 tinue. It is a cuftom of this manor, 
 that whoever dies worth 10 /. or 
 more, pays 10 s. to the vicar, and 
 no more, but they that die worth 
 lefs pay nothing. The lift of its 
 members of Pt. begins the 4th and 
 5 th of Philip and Mary. The land 
 bet. this and Mountfbay is not above 
 4 m. over, and fo fituate, that from 
 the hill neither of the two feas, vix. 
 St. George's Channel and the Britifh 
 Channel, is above 3 m. and from 
 
 hence, In a clear day, may be feen 
 the Wands of Scilly, though above 
 30 m. off. 
 
 f> ST. IVES, (Hunt.} 49 cm. 
 57 mm. from London, has a fine 
 ftone bridge over the Oufe, had in 
 the gth century a mint, and was 
 noted for its medicinal waters. Great 
 part of it was burnt down fome years 
 ago, but it was rebuilt. Here is a 
 very good Mt. on M. for fatted 
 cattle brought from the N. and Fairs 
 onf-mtfon-M.anASt-ft.zi. Here 
 Oliver Cromwell rented a farm, be- 
 fore he was chole a burgeis for Cam- 
 bridge. It had formerly a mon. 
 which was a cell to the abbey of 
 Ramfey. The D. of Manchester is 
 Ld. of the manor. 
 
 J3" IVINGO, (Bucks') 46 cm. 
 55 mm. from London, ftands among 
 woods, in a nook that runs in bet. 
 Bedfordfinre and Hartfordfhire, had 
 formerly a nunnery, and has a Mt. 
 on M. and a Fair on April 25. 
 
 St. JULIAN'S, ( Monm. ) near 
 Caerlion, where, in 1654, a Roman 
 altar of free-ftone was found, in- 
 fcribed to Jupiter. Here is a feat cf 
 the Ld. Herbert of Chirbury. 
 
 J^ Ix WORTH, (Sujf.) 64 cm. 
 73 mm. from London, is a thorough- 
 fare bet. Bury and Yarmouth, had 
 formerly a priory, which was ex- 
 changed by Henry VIII. with one 
 Mr. Connington, for Nonfuch in 
 Surry. Here is a Mt. on F. two 
 annual Fairs, and the feat of Tho. 
 Norton, Efq;. Roman coins have 
 been dug up here. 
 
 K E 
 
 3? "\7" ED ER MINSTER, (Were.} 
 J^ 104 cm. 128 mm. from 
 London, an ancient Bor. on the 
 Stour, not far from the Severn, is 
 a compacl T. of 5 or 600 houfes, 
 where the people, who are at leafl 
 2000, drive a pretty good trade in 
 cloth, and weaving linfcy-woolfey, 
 fiff. and have a handfome Ch. two 
 guod
 
 K E 
 
 K E 
 
 good fr. fcs. a ch. fc. and a almfhs. 
 &f. 'Tis governed by a bailiff, iz 
 capital burgeffes, 25 C.C. &c. who 
 have a Town-hall. It formerly fent 
 members to Pt. and gives title of Ba- 
 ron to the Ld. Foley, as it did, in the 
 R. of Rich. II. to John Beauchamp, 
 fteward of his houfhold. This p. ex- 
 tends to Bewdley- Bridge, has a Mt. 
 on Tb. Fairs on Uoly-Tb. 9 days after 
 Whit-Sund. and Aug. 24. The Bi- 
 fets were the ancient Lds. of thjs 
 manor. 
 
 KE D i. E s T o N , [Derby] near Derby, 
 has long been the feat of the Curzons, 
 and, it is laid, has a well noted for 
 the cure of ulcers and the leprofy. 
 
 KEITHCOTY -HousE, (Kent) 
 near Ailesford, was the grave of Co- 
 tigern, the British general, who was 
 killed in battle with Horfa the Saxon. 
 
 KELHAM, (Nott.) on the W. fide 
 of Newark, the eftate of Ld. Lexin- 
 ton, who owns the whole ifland of 
 excellent ground, bet. the z currents 
 of the Trent ; on the weftermoi} of 
 u-hich this village.ilands. Here were 
 divers parcels of land formerly given 
 to religious hpufes, 
 
 >|e KELLINGTON, (Cor.rn.val!} 
 174 cm. 199 mm. from London, on 
 the r. Lamara, is not inferior to the 
 beft half of the Corpifh Bors. for 
 wealth and building, having one very 
 good broad ftrcet, a Mt.-houfe, and 
 ajieat Ch. which is a. chapel of eafe 
 toSouthill, and was rebuilt by lerjeant 
 Aflnon. Its chief trade is'the woollen 
 mf. the Mt. on W. granted by K. 
 Hen. III. and Fairs Apr. 23, S.ff. S, 
 and Nov. I. It has no charter of in- 
 corporation j but every ycai, at the 
 court-leet of the Ld. -of the manor, a 
 portreeve is chofcn,whcn the inh.who 
 have Jived here -12 months are ad- 
 mitted burgcffes, and Ufcjreby qualified 
 to vote for its members. The manor 
 was anciently in the Ferrers fomily ; 
 from which it paficd, by maniage, to . 
 the Ch.impernons ; from them to the 
 Ld. Willoughby of Brook ; then to 
 the Pawlets MarquitTes of Winchrf- 
 tef 5 by a daughter of whom, it de- 
 
 fcended to Sir Henry RolJe, of Ste. 
 venftone in Devonshire, Bt. whofe 
 pofterity have fince enjoyed it, anft 
 have fome of them reprefented it in 
 Pt. to which members were firft fent 
 for this place in the zyth of Q^Eliz. 
 it being the laft T. in this Co. that 
 was called on. for fuch choice. The 
 prefent Ld. of this manor is Henry 
 Rolle,late]v createdBaron Stevenftonc. 
 KEL SK'Y -NORTH, (Lir.c.) W. of 
 Thougcafter, was once the manor of 
 the Hanfards ; from whom, by mar- 
 riage, it pafled to the Afcoughs. 
 
 KELSHULL, (Hartf.) near Roy- 
 fton and Odfey-Grange, was given by 
 the Saxon K. Ethelred to the abbey 
 of Ely ; and afterwards bel. to its ca- 
 thedral, till it was by the Bp. ex. 
 changed for certain tenths and ad- 
 vowfons in the gift of the- crown, in 
 the R. of Q._Eliz. who granted it to 
 the city of London ; but the citizens 
 fold it afterwards to Ralph Freeman 
 of Afpedon; from whom it came to 
 Mr. V/illimot, attorney, whofe de- 
 fcendant conveyed it to John Pointer, 
 late matter of the affidavit-office in 
 Chancery, father of the prefent pof- 
 feflbr, Samuel Pointer. 
 
 KELTKORP, (Rut!.} a Iwmlet'of 
 the p. of Ketton, anciently hel. to a 
 mon. atTateihall. K. Hen. VIII. 
 granted it to the D. of Suffolk ; but 
 in the R. of Q._Eliz. it was in the 
 hands of Francis Coleby, who, by 
 her liccnfe, -alienated it to John 
 Houghton. 
 
 KELVEHON, (EJfex] 3 m* from 
 Witham, in the road to Colcheirer. 
 Tis alfo called Keldon, alias Eafter- 
 ford, and was the feat of the late Sir 
 Ant. Abdy. Some rail it Kildane, 
 and think that the famous maflacre 
 of the Danes bepn here ; for which, 
 hov.cvcr, theie is no good authority. 
 
 K E M B i. E ,. (Wilts.} beyond Mal'm- 
 foury, is rear the place where the 
 Lov.er Av^n enters this Co. from Ci- 
 rencefter, arid runs on W. to Crud- 
 wcll. 
 
 KF.MBS BOROUGH, (Glor.} near 
 
 Paijifwick, is a very high hill, thst 
 
 B b hiJ
 
 K E 
 
 K E 
 
 had a caftle, the fortifications and 
 trenches of which are ftill vilible. It 
 has a delightful profpeft over the vale 
 to Malvern-Hills, Shropfliire, Wor- 
 cefterfhire, Herefordfhire, and Mon- 
 rnouthfliire. 
 
 KEMFSFORD, (Ghc.) bet. Crick- 
 laJe and Letchlade. After the Dill". 
 K. Ed\v. VI. gave this manor, with 
 which Henry D. of Lancafter had en- 
 dowed an hoi", at Leicefter, Jo Sir John 
 Thynn, anceftcr of its prefent owner, 
 the Ld. Vifc. Weymouth, who has a 
 feat here. 
 
 KEMPTON, (Hartf.) on the 
 N.W. fide of Digfwell, near the fotirce 
 of the Kime. It was anciently called 
 .Huckinghanger, and afterwards came 
 to Ld. Mordaunt, in whofe family it 
 continued many, generations, till it 
 was fold to Tho. Hoc, Efq; in the R. 
 ofQ._E!iz. It afterward's came, by 
 marriage, to the late Sir Jon. Keate, 
 Bt. from whom it is defcended to the 
 prefent Sir Henry. Here is a ch. fc. 
 
 KKMSEY, (Wore.) on the E. fide 
 of the Severn, below Worcefter, had 
 a mon. and was anciently the Bp. of 
 Worcester's manor, who had a noble 
 palace here. There are feme remains 
 of a camp. 
 
 KEN-CHESTER, (Heref.) on the r. 
 Ine, (3m. W. of Hereford, i m. from 
 Credenhill, and 2 m. from Eaton) ; 
 where, about 80 years ago, a great 
 vault was difcovered in a wood, with 
 a table of plainer in it, near which 
 were dug up Roman coins, feveral 
 Roman urns with afhes, feveral large 
 bones, &t. A bath was alfo difco- 
 vered, and the brick-pipes, which 
 heated it, remained entire. 
 
 f3 KENDAL, (Weft,) 203 cm. 
 257mm. from London, alfo called 
 Kirkby-Candale, i.e. a Ch. in a val- 
 ley, fta'nds upon the r. Can, over which 
 it his 2 ftcne-bridgcs, and i of wood, 
 '.vith a harbour for boats. 'Tis the 
 largeft T. in the Co. and much fupe- 
 nor to Appleby in trade, wealth, 
 buildings, and number of people. 
 They have drove a trade with the 
 vcojlen mf". throughout England, ever 
 
 fince the R. of Edw. III. and parti- 
 cular laws were enafted for regulating 
 Kendal cloths, as early as Rich. II. 
 and Hen. IV. 'Tis of note alfo for 
 the mf. of cottons, druggets, ferges, 
 hats, worried and yarn (lockings, &c , 
 Q^Eliz. incorporated it with aid. and 
 burgefles ; and K. James I. with a 
 mayor, recorder, T.-clcrk, 12 aid. 
 24 burgefles, or C.C. and 2 attornies. 
 There are 7 companies here, who 
 have each their hall, i>ix. mercers, 
 fheermcn, cordwainers, tanners, glo- 
 vers, taylors, and pewterers. It has 
 a large beautiful Ch. and 12 chapels 
 of eafe bel. to it, and a fr. fc. well 
 endowed with exhibitions for fuch 
 fcholars as are fent from hence to 
 Q^een's-Coll. Oxford. Here is alfo 
 a ch. fc. for 10 boys and 16 girls, who 
 are all cloathed, as well as taught. 
 Here are the ruins of a caftle, wherein 
 was born Catherine Far (the 6th wife 
 of Hen. VIII.) ; to whofe family it 
 had defcended from the Ros's,'by 
 marriage. It has given the titks of 
 Baron, Earl, and D. particularly the 
 2d to Pr. George of Denmark ; the 
 
 1 to Charles, the 3d fon of James 
 . of York ; and that of Dfs. to the 
 late Melefma Schomberg, who had 
 before been created Dfs. of Munfter 
 in Ireland, and came over to England 
 with K. Geo. I. Here are kept the 
 feflions of the peace for this part of 
 the Co. called the barony of Kendal ; 
 and a very great Mt. on 5. with all 
 kinds of provifions and woollen-yarn, 
 which the girls bring hither in Isrge 
 bundles. It has Fairs on the M. be- 
 fore Lady-day, Trin.-M. jlfr.i $, and 
 Oci. 28 j and bet. them a great Bcaft- 
 Mt. every fortnight. The r. here, 
 which runs about half of the T. in a 
 itony channel, abounds with trout and 
 fjlmon ; and on the banks of it live 
 die dyers and tanners. 
 
 KENEL WORTH, corruptly called 
 KII.LINGWOR TH, (Wariu.) on the 
 S. W. fide of Coventry, had a mon. 
 which was founded by Jeficry de Clin- 
 ton, Ld.-Chamb. toK. Hen. I. who 
 a]fo built a caftle here, which was f>n- 
 coaipafled
 
 K E 
 
 compafled with a chace and park, 
 and the glory of all this part of Eng- 
 land ; but his grand-nephew fold it 
 to K. Henry III. who granted it to 
 Simon de Montfort Earl of Leicefter, 
 with Eleanor his filter, for Her por- 
 tion ; but the caftle being taken by 
 that K. in the Barons wars, he gave 
 it to the family of Lancafter. At 
 this time came out the editt, which 
 our lawyers call difium de Kinel- 
 vicrtb, by which it was enafted, 
 that all who had taken arms againit 
 the K. fhould pay 5 years value of 
 all their lands ; and balls of ftor.e 
 16 inches diameter are ftill found 
 here, which are fuppofed to have 
 been thrown in flings during the 
 wars above-mentioned. K. Edw. II. 
 was one while kept prifoner here. 
 At the Difi". the fite of its mon. was 
 given by K. Hen. VIII. to Sir And. 
 Flamock, by whofe daughter it came 
 to John Colborn, Efq; who, having 
 bought horfesthat had been ftolen out 
 of the ftables of the Earl of Leicefter, 
 was flighted into a furrender of it to 
 the faid Ear), who obtained a grant 
 of it from Q._Eliz. who alfo granted 
 him the caftle. He is faid to hava 
 laid out 60,000 /. in rebuilding and 
 adorning it, and to have entertained 
 that Q^and her court here 17 days, 
 in a moft gny and fplendid manner, 
 with the greateft variety and magni- 
 ficence of feafts and {hews, there be- 
 ing drank no lei's than 320 hogfheads 
 of common beer, which is mentioned 
 only to fliew the largenefs of the 
 royal retinue. From that Earl it 
 pafled to Sir Robert, his natural fon, 
 who fold it to Prince Henry, on 
 whofe death without iffue it came to 
 Prince Charles, who committing the 
 cuftody of it to Ld. Carey, his elded 
 fon, and Tha. Carey, Efq; the in- 
 heritance was granted to Lawrence 
 Hide, afterwards created Baron of 
 Kenilsvorth-Caftle and Earl of Ro- 
 chefter j but the caftle, in the late 
 civil wars, was demolished by thofe 
 who purchafed it of the Pt. in or- 
 der to make money of the materials, 
 
 K E 
 
 Before the Conq. Kenelworth was *. 
 member of Stonelcy, being an ancient 
 demefnc of the crown, and had a 
 caftle on the bank of the Avon, in 
 the woods oppofite to Stoneley-Ab- 
 bey, which ftood upon a place called 
 Horn-Hill, but was demolished in 
 the wars bet. K. Edmund and Ca- 
 nute theDar.e. The afore fa id Eail 
 of Leicefter, who got the grant of 
 the fecond caftle, as above, obtained 
 a Mt. here of Q._ Eliz. for W. and 
 a Fair on Midfurmr.cr.day, but the 
 former, if not the latter, has been 
 long dilufed. Upon a i'urvey of the 
 caftle before the purchafe of it by 
 Prince Henry, it was 7 acres in com, 
 within the walls, whxh \vefii in 
 many places from 15 to zo feet 
 thick. The cattle and 4. gatehoufes 
 were all bulk of hewn free-ftone. 
 By the caftle-walls runs a pool of 
 in acres, through which run feve- 
 ral pretty dreams, abounding both 
 with fiih and fowl. The ciicuit of 
 the cnftle, manors, parks, ?<.-. all 
 together, is 19 or 20 m. 
 
 Ki NNARDINGTON, (Kent) near. 
 Appledore, though not very healthy, 
 has had very noble owners, even be- 
 fore and fince it came by marriage 
 to Sir Thomas Mackworth. His d,-~ 
 fcendants fold it to the Home-, of 
 Horne-PJace in Appledore, in whofe 
 family it continued till the R. of Q^ 
 Elizabeth, when the heirefs-gneral 
 matching with Mr. Gulford, a Ro- 
 man Catholick, who went with her 
 beyond fca, to avoid taking t! 
 of fupremacy, forfeited it to the Q^ 
 who gave it to Walter Moyle, Efq;. 
 Its Ch. being fired with lightning 
 200 years ago, a much lefs Ch. was 
 afterwards built out of the materiJ., 
 chiefly at the expence of M. Home, 
 then Ld. of the manor. 
 
 KENNZ, (Devon.) near Exeter, 
 is a reftory of 450 /. a year, and the 
 feat of John Short, Efq;. This p. 
 was the ancient inheritance of the 
 Earls of Devon, but is now in the 
 crown, nnd was leafed to Mr. "Wai- 
 tham, late recorder of Exeter. 
 
 fib* KKN-
 
 K E 
 
 KEKNEDON, (Devon,} in the p. 
 f Sherford, bel. formerly to the 
 Balles, and then to the Halfes. 
 
 KENNET-EAST, (Wilts) on the 
 downs 4 m. from Maryborough, near 
 the fource of the r. from whence it 
 takes name. Hard by is Silbury- 
 Jiill, which is thought to have been 
 aft up by men's labour ; and in the 
 neighbourhood are feveral forts of 
 fcarrows, fuppofed to have been the 
 burial-places of foldiers. 
 
 KENNET-WEST, or LITTLE, 
 {Witts} near the former, has a field 
 in which are three great upright 
 ftones, vulgarly called the Devil'i 
 Coits, which Dr. Plot thinks were 
 certain deities of the pagan Britons j 
 they ftand near the road from Shep- 
 herd's-Shord to Marlborough. 
 
 KENNING TON, (Kent) near Afti- 
 ford, was ajways, according to the 
 import of the name, a royal manor, 
 as well as Kenilbrooke, another ma- 
 nor in this p. which Will, the Conq. 
 annexed to his royal manor of Wye, 
 and being reckoned an appendage of 
 it, followed its fate at the DifT. 
 when it was taken from the patri- 
 mony of Battle-Abbey. Q^ Eliz. 
 granted it to her kinfman, Henry 
 Ory Ld. Hunfdon, whofe grandfon, 
 Henry Earl of Dover, fold it to Sir 
 Tho. Finch, in whofe family, now 
 Earls of Winchelfea, it refted. 
 
 KENNINGTON, (Surry) near 
 Vauxhall, is one of the 8 precincts of 
 the p. if Lambeth. In the R. of 
 Edw. III. it was the eftate of Roger 
 d' Amory, who forfeiting it by his fe- 
 dition, thatK. gave it to Hugh De- 
 ipenler Earl cf Winchefter, for life, 
 with remainder to his fon Hugh, and 
 his heirs. It is fuppofed to have 
 keen a royal ftat, while it was in 
 that King's hands, and afterwards, 
 though there is no token of it 10 be 
 difcovered now. However, it has the 
 honour of giving the title of Earl to 
 the D. of Cumberland. Kennington- 
 Common is noted for the execution 
 of malefactors, 
 
 K E 
 
 KENSINGTON, (Midd.} in the 
 weftern road from London, near 2 m. 
 from Hide-Park-Corner, was given 
 by Will, the Conq. to Alben de Vere, 
 anceftor of the Veres Earls of Oxford, 
 in whofe family it remained many 
 generations. It was at length the 
 feat of Ld. Finch, high-chancellor of 
 England, afterwards Earl of Notting- 
 ham, but of no note till purchafed 
 by K. Will. III. who converted it into 
 a royal palace, and cauied a royal way 
 to be made to it, through St. James's 
 and Hide-Parks, and lamp-poih to be 
 ereded on each fide of it. His good 
 Q. firft inlarged the gardens, whi-Jv 
 her filter and fuccelTor Q._Anne im- 
 proved ; but the late Q._ Caroline 
 compleated them, by extending them 
 from the great road in Kenfington to 
 the Aclon road, by bringing thaC 
 called the Serpentine r. into them, 
 and by taking in fome acres out of 
 Hide-Park, on which fhe caufed a 
 mount to be creeled, with a chair en' 
 it that could be eafi!y turned round' 
 for iheiter from the wind. This 
 mount is planted about with ever- 
 greens, and commands a fine view 
 over the noble gardens, to the 
 country S. and W. This place, in' 
 which K. William, Prince George 
 of Denmark, arid Q._ Anne died, 
 gives title of Baron to the Earl of 
 Warwick and Holland. The Ch. 
 bel. before the Ref. to the abbey of 
 Abingdon. The old one was pulled 
 down in 1696, and a much bet- 
 ter built in its room. Part of this 
 village, from the palace- gate to the' 
 Bel], is in the p. of St. Margaret's^ 
 Weltmintter. 
 
 KENSWORTH, ( Hartford. ) on 
 the edge of the County,' mid-way 
 between Dunftable and Market- 
 ftrect, i m. E. of Studham, is a 
 manor that was given by Edward 
 the Confeflbr to St. Paul's Ch. Lon- 
 don, the D- and C. of which have 
 from time to time held courts here. 
 Every tenant, on admiflion to his 
 copyhold here, pays but \ d. fine, 
 either
 
 K E 
 
 KE 
 
 either upon defcent or purchafe, be 
 the Value of the land more or lefs ; 
 and the fame is paid for the relief of 
 their free lands. Kenfworth-Grcen 
 is a foliation furprizingly fine, being 
 half a mile in length, a good turf, 
 and level, with Whipfnade woods on 
 the back of it, and rows of high 
 trees on each fide. There is nothing 
 to be feen from it one way but 
 fky, and the other only gives a 
 view of the top of a grove in Market- 
 Cell. 
 
 KENTBURY, (Berks) on theS.E. 
 fide of Hungcrford, is a large p. 
 which gives name to an H. Part of 
 the manor, where the Ch. ftands, 
 did bel. to Sir Jemmet Raymond its 
 patron, whofe feat was at Barton on 
 the other fide of the r. 
 
 KENTISBEAR, (Devon.) on the 
 r. Culm, E. of Columbton, late the 
 eftate of Ld. Bonvile, and of Sir 
 John Windham. 
 
 KEVTOS, {Devon.} at the influx 
 of the Ken into the Ex, near C|iud- 
 leigh. It is the curtom of this manor, 
 that if the ifiue of any of the tenants 
 hold their tenements three defa-nts 
 fucceflively, they may claim the in- 
 licritance of the tenement. The 
 r.:irk of Kent were once Lds. of it, 
 ir ti: u hum it went by marriage to 
 the Eitl of Weftrnoreland, and at 
 hft to the crown. K. Henry III. 
 granted it a Mt. and a Fair on All- 
 S.:intt-Jaj, both long dilv.fed. This 
 eftate was fince purchafcd by Will. 
 Clifton of London, and, afte'r fome 
 dd'centi in that family, was fold to 
 Sir John Heale, a ferjcant at law. 
 
 KENT-SAND, (Lane.) is a bay 
 in the N.W. part of the Co. which 
 receives the r. Ken, but has fuch 
 dangerous quick-fands, that a guide 
 is kept there for travellers, at his 
 Majefty's expcnce. 
 
 K r r E Y R E, (Durham) on the 
 Were, near Durham, had anciently 
 an hof. endowed with certain lands, 
 which after the Diff. becoming ihe 
 eftate of Sir Will. Paget, fecretary 
 *f ftate to Hen. VIII. were made over 
 
 to the K. for certain lands in Staf- 
 ford/hire and Cheshire. 
 
 KERSAL, (Not:.) near Beflhorp, 
 bel. for a confiderable time to the 
 Robertfons, till about the middle of 
 the laft century, it fell to Mr. Gar- 
 non, by the death of his uncle John 
 Robertfon, die laft heir-male, 'and 
 was afterwards fold. Several parts 
 of this manor were anciently given 
 to religious ufes, particularly one 
 parcel to the abbey of Rufford, with 
 which it was afterwards granted to 
 the Earl of Shrewibury. 
 
 (?* KESWICK, (Cumb.) in the 
 p. ot Crosfthwaite, 230 cm. 283 mm. 
 from London, ftands on the fide of 
 a lake, in a fruitful plain, almoft 
 encompafil-d with wet dewy moun- 
 tains, called the Derwent-Fell?, and 
 protected from the N. winds by the 
 lofty Skiddaw. It was noted long 
 ago for mines of bkick-lend ; and the 
 miners, who me its chief inh. have 
 wdter-vvoiks by the Derwent, for 
 find ting the lead, and'fawing boards. 
 Here is a workhoufe for the poor of 
 this T. and p. the gift of a native of 
 this T. -viz.. Sir John Banks, Kt. 
 formerly attorney- general. Its Mt. 
 on S. was granted by Edw. I. at the 
 fuit of Tho. Earl of Derwentwater, 
 then Lord of the manor, from whom 
 it defended to the Ratcliffs by in- 
 heritance. The Fair is July zz. 
 
 (f^ 5 KETTERING, (AV.'/6,m'/>. ) 
 57 cm. 72 mm. from London, is a 
 handfome populous T. of good trade, 
 by a r. that runs into the Nen, wi;h 
 a 1'cflions-houfe for the Co. and a 
 fmnll hof. Near 2000 hands are faid 
 to be employed here in the mf. of 
 fhalloons, tammies and ferges. The 
 woollen trad* was introduced here in 
 the lait century by one Mr. Jordan. 
 Here is a ch. fc. of 20 girls employed 
 in fpinning jerfeys. The Mt. here is 
 on F. and Fairs Tu. before Softer^ 
 Softer -Tb. the Tbs. before Micbael- 
 ma>, and St. Tbcmais-day. 
 
 KETTLEBASTON, (Suff.) ftands 
 
 on the r. Breton, near Bilfton, and 
 
 bel, in the R. of Henry VI. Will. 
 
 Bb 3 Jc
 
 K E 
 
 TO 
 
 K I 
 
 4c h Pole D. of Suffolk, who held 
 it by the fervice of carrying a golden 
 fceptre with a dove on the head of 
 it at the K's. coronation, and an 
 ivory fceptre with a golden dove at 
 the coronation of the Q^ 
 
 K.ETTLEBY, (Line?) on theW. 
 fide of Alford, near Glandford-Brigg, 
 formerly the refidence of one Kcttell, 
 has a park, with the feat of the 
 equeftrian family of the Tiivvhitts. 
 
 KETTLEWELL, (York. W. R.) 
 lies under a hill Let. Langfoethdale 
 chace and Netherdale, and was the Lp. 
 of the family of the Greys of Rother- 
 field. In 1686, its ir.h. were almoft 
 all drowned, by a violent flood in a 
 thunder-ftorm, as were thofe alto of 
 Stsrbotton the next village. 
 
 KETTO'N, (Ru:l.) on a rivulet 
 that runs into the Welland, near 
 Tinewell, bef. in the R. of Eciw. II. 
 to Ralph de Greneham. It was in 
 the crown in the R. of Henry VIII. 
 v/ho gave it tJ Mr. James Gurter 
 and his heirs ; but he alienated it, by 
 that K's. licence, to Sir Jsrnes Har- 
 rington and his heirs. Here is a 
 certain rent collected yearly from ths 
 inh. by the {herlff, of 2 s, a yesr fro 
 Ocr-;s Rcgin.t, which is Lr.tLi fcr the 
 Qj, boots, though we dent read of 
 any who wore them. The Ch. here 
 is the neattft in all thefe parts, 
 having the form of a little ca- 
 thedral. 
 
 ST.KEVERN, (Ccrnic.) on the 
 S. W. fide of Faimouth-Hayen, 
 \vheie the firft occafion was given of 
 the Cornifli commotion, in 1549. 
 
 KEW, (Surry) on the Thame.t, 
 oppcfite to Old Brentford, has a cha- 
 pel", of eafe to Kingfton upon Thames, 
 which was built on ground given by 
 tte late Q._ Anne, at theexpence of c'i- 
 vers of the nobility and gentry in the 
 neighbourhood. The late Mr. Mo- 
 Jineux, who was fccretary to his pre- 
 1'rnt Majefty v/>,en Prince of Wales, 
 had a fine feat hete, amcng other 
 very pleafant one?, on the Green, 
 laid to have the beft. fruit in England, 
 by that great ilatclffian and 
 
 gardiner the Ld. Capel. In the late 
 <s. time the Prince of Wales had 
 this houfe, and her Majefty purchafed 
 Lady Eyre's for the Duke, and Sir 
 Thomas Abney's for the PriiicelFes 
 Amelia and Caroline. Samuel Fort- 
 rev, Efqj who died in 1681, was 
 Ld. of this manor. He was defcended 
 of a family in Lifle, who in the R. 
 of Q^Eliz. took refuge in England 
 for their religicn. 
 
 J^ KEY N SHAM, (Som.) 90 cm. 
 ill mm. from London, is a great 
 thoroughfare in the lower road bet. 
 Bath and Briftol. They ca-1 it pro- 
 'verbially/.'Gafy Keynihsm, and with 
 'equal reafon thty might call it foggy. 
 It has a fine large Ch. a ftone bridge 
 of 15 arches over the Avon to Glo- 
 cefterfhire, and another over the r. 
 Chew. Its chief trade is malting. 
 In the neighbourhood there is a 
 quarry, where Itones are often found 
 of a feipentir.s form, tut generally 
 with at the reprefer.tatton of a head. 
 Here WES in the R. of Henry II. a 
 ptiory, t;nd a ch<jce ; and there is 
 now the feat of George Biydges, Efq; 
 and a ch, fc. The Mt. here is on Tb. 
 oms time of the f ring every year 
 the r. here fvvanns with millions of 
 little eels, fcarcc as big as gi tie-quills, 
 which the people catch on the top of 
 the water with fmall nets, and by 
 an art they have, make them /cower 
 off their ft.ins, when they Jock very 
 white, and then make them into 
 cakes, which they fry, and eat. In 
 other Counties they are jeckoned 3 
 dainty. 
 
 K'IBWORTH-BEAUCHAMP, 
 (Leic.) in the p. of Kilworth- Har- 
 court, on the N. W. fide of Hallaton 
 was the inheritance of the Bcau r 
 champs Earls of Warwick, who held 
 it cf the K. in grand-fcrjeanty, viz* 
 to be chief pantler to the'fovereign at 
 his coronation. After that family 
 was extincl, Q. Eliz. gave it to Am- 
 brofe Dudley Earl of Warwick, to 
 hold ty the fame tenure. 
 
 KIDDINGTON, (Oxf.) 2. m. from 
 WocdftocJi, the feat f Sir Charles
 
 K I 
 
 K I 
 
 Browne, Bt. in whofe gardens was 
 the font wherein, it is faid, Edward 
 the Confeflbr was baptized, being 
 brought thither from an old chapel 
 at Iflip, \vhere he was born. 
 
 KicHtF.v, (Tcrk. W. R.) near 
 the r. Are, 6 m. to the S. E. of 
 Skipton in Craven, gave name to a 
 family that were a long time its 
 owners, one or" whom procured of 
 Edward I. a Mt. and Fair for it on 
 Off. zy, but the former, if not the 
 latter, is difufed. Since the ex- 
 tinction of the Kighleys, there have 
 been three manors in this p. one bel. 
 to the D. of Devon, another to Ld. 
 Fairfax, and the third to Michael 
 Stell. This T. ftands in a valley, 
 furrounded with hills, at the meet- 
 ing of two brooks, which fall into 
 the r. Are I m. bel. it. Every fa- 
 mily is fupplied with water brought 
 to or near their doors, in ftone 
 troughs, from a never-failing fpring 
 on the W. fide of it. The p. is 6 m. 
 Jcnf, and 2 broad, and is 60 m. 
 from the E. and W. feas, yet at the 
 W. end of if, near Camel-Crofs, is a 
 rifing ground, from which thefprings 
 on the E. fide ot' it run to the E. fea, 
 and thofe on the W. to the W. fea. 
 There is not half a m. of level 
 ground in the whole p. except at 
 the W. end of it, where is a pretty 
 even field 1 m. and an half round, 
 where are fome times hotfe-races. 
 Near the Town is that called the 
 King's-Mill, which ufed to yield 
 44 /. 1 3 s. 4 ti. rent to the Ds. of 
 Devonshire, into whofe family an 
 heirefs of the Kighleys married. 
 
 KILEORN, (Midd.} in the road 
 from Londen to Edgworth, is in the 
 p. of Hampftead. Here was formerly 
 an hermitage, and afterwards a nun- 
 nery, to which the manor bel. as 
 tlid allb fome lands and tenements in 
 Knightlbridge ; but after the Did", 
 the frte of the mon. was given by 
 Edward VI. to John Dudley Earl of 
 Warwick. A fpring of medicinal 
 \vatcr was lately found out here, 
 3 
 
 KILGARTH, (Cormv.} on the W. 
 fide of Weftlow, 3 m. from Tre- 
 worgy, was anciently the (eat of the 
 Bevils, and afterwards of the Ken- 
 dais. 
 
 KILGUTH, (CWzo.) afteephigh 
 rock pointing into the fea at the 
 Land's- End, N. of Whitfand-Bay, 
 wherein, Mr. Norden fays, there ais 
 ftones that attract iron. 
 
 y^ Kit HAM, (Torkib. E. R.) 
 156 cm. i g 8 mm. from London, 
 ftands in the Wouids, is a good foil 
 for corn, and is in length about four 
 furlongs, has a Mt. on Tb. and Fair 
 Ncv. i. 
 
 KILMANBRIDGE, (Surry) in the 
 p. of Charlewood, is fo called from 
 a great (laughter here cf the Danifli 
 plundeiers by the inh. of this Co. 
 and Suflex. 
 
 KILMAHR.ROCK, (Carnival!} a 
 very high- hill to the N. of Lefkaid, 
 which has a rock on it, that, though. 
 it be only a covert for foxes, looks at 
 adiftance like a city. 
 
 KlLMERSDON, ( Sfl)}. ) 0.1 the 
 
 N. W. fide of Frome-Selwood, was 
 formerly a manor of the Hunj/cr- 
 fords, from whom it pafftM by rrinr- 
 riage to the Ld. HF filings. Here is 
 a ch. fc. founded and liberally en- 
 dowed by the late Rev. Mr. Henry 
 Shute, of St. Andrew's, Holiourny 
 it being his native place. 
 
 Ki i. MING TON, ( Dcv,n. ) near 
 Axminfter, is a corruption, for Kiil- 
 men-Tncn, from the great daughter 
 made in the neighbouring field-, to 
 .this day called Kings-Field 1 ,, where 
 K. Athelftane fought and. defeated 
 fevcn DarxiSi Princes. 
 
 Kir-wsBY-CRACcr, (Y^rk, 
 W. R.) vtfiere a eatataft is formed 
 by the Wharfe r. N.E. of Settle, is 
 the higheft and. fieepeft' that Mr. 
 Camdsm fays he ever faw. Mr. 
 Wade has a feat here. 
 
 KILFECK, (Her if.) Bear Great. 
 Dewchurch, had once caftle, the 
 feat of the noble fcmily the Kil- 
 pecka. 
 
 KliTON,
 
 K I 
 
 K I 
 
 KIT. TON, (Tcrk. N.R.) with a 
 park round it, to the N. E. of Gift>o- 
 rough, is a barony in fee, that lay 
 dormant for feme time bet. the late 
 E. of Scarborough and Sir Charles Ho- 
 tham, Bt. It bel. formerly to the 
 Thwengs, whofe eftate defcended to 
 the barons of Lumley, Hilton, and 
 Daubeney. Here is the feat of Mr. 
 TuUie. 
 
 KILVINGTON, (A T *.'r.) nearNor- 
 manton, formerley bel. to the Staun- 
 tons, till fold by Harvey Staunton, 
 Efq; to Mr. Cartwright. 
 
 K.IMBERLEY, ( JVott. ) OH the 
 
 N. W. fide of Nottingham, bet. the 
 Erwafli and the Lyne, was granted by 
 Hen. VII. to Sir John Salvage, who 
 fold it to the family of Manners Ds. 
 cf Rutland. There was a priory here, 
 whofe lands were given at the DifT. 
 to Sir Will. Hufley, and after, to 
 Mr. Morifon ; from whom they de- 
 fcended to the Ld. Capels pofterity, 
 now Es. of Effex. 
 
 g^> KIMBOLTON, with its caf- 
 th, .#/.) 54 cm. 6amm. from 
 London, on the b. of Bedford/hire, 
 formerly the feat of the Mandevils, 
 ai.'d afterwards of the Bohuns, Staf- 
 fords, and Wingfields, from which 
 hit it patted by fale to the Monta- 
 gues, is a great ornament to this W. 
 part of the Co. Sir Rich. Wingfield 
 bi'ilt new lodgings and galleries on 
 the old foundations of this caflle, 
 which was very ftronsz, and had a 
 double ditch. Hen. Montague E. of 
 Manchefter fpared no coft in beauti- 
 fy;fig the caftle ; but it has been 
 much improved, or rather new built 
 in a very fine manner, by his great 
 grandfon Charles D. of Manchefter, 
 to whom it gave title of Baron. The 
 Mt. here is Fr. Fairs July 23, Aug. 
 30, and Nm. 29. Q;_ Catherine, 
 after her divorce from Hen. VIII. re- 
 fjded fome time in this caftle, wherein 
 fhe was jointured, it having been for- 
 feited to the crown by the Staffcrds. 
 After her death the crown gave it to 
 the Wingfields above mentioned. 
 
 13 KTKXTON, (War.} 6iem, 
 89 mm. from London, was, as the 
 name imports, the Kings-Town, and 
 held by our Ks. if not before, yet 
 certainly by Edw. the Conf. and 
 Will, the Conq. K. John, who 
 kept his court in a caftle here, granted 
 the manor in fee-farm to Stephen de 
 Segrave, and his heirs, wbo obtained 
 of Hen. III. a charter for its Mt. on 
 Tit. with the addition of its Fair on 
 Jur; 29. It afttrwards came, by 
 marriage, to the Marquis cf Berkley, 
 and continued in that family to the R. 
 ofQ^Eliz. in whofe time Fran. Ay!- 
 worth purchafed it of Henry Ld. Berk- 
 ley ; and his fon Peter Aylworth fold 
 it, in the R. of J=mes I. to Sir Fulk 
 Greville, anceftor of the Ld. Brook, 
 in whole family it ftill continue?. Its 
 Ch. which was given to the canons 
 of Kenilworth by Hen. I. was rebuilt 
 in the R. of Edw. II. The Mt. here 
 is chiefly for black cattle, the Fairs 
 June 1.4 *n& Sept. 21. 
 
 KINETON-PAR VA, (Warw. ) a 
 hamlet of the former, was chiefly the 
 eftate of the canons of Kenilworth, 
 but was granted by Hen. VIII. to 
 Rich. Andrews and Leon. Chamber- 
 lain ; and the manor is fmce become 
 the pofieflion of Edw. Bentley, Elq$ 
 who married a daughter of Sir Charles 
 Shuckburgh. 
 
 KJNGLE, {Wanu.} a hamlet or 
 manor of Kynnerton, near Ragley, 
 bel. formerly to the abbat of Eve/ham. 
 From Edw. III. to the R. of Hen. VI. 
 it bel. to the Roufes, and in that of 
 Rich. III. toRich. Burdet, of Arrow, 
 Efq; from whom it came, by mar- 
 riage, to Ld. Con way. 
 
 KiNGOAr>, (Glu.) in the Avon, 
 where the Briftol fliips, outward- 
 bound, generally take their departure, 
 as ours do from Grave-fend. 
 
 3"" KINOSBRIDGE, (Devon.) 
 ijocm. 201 mm. from London, is a 
 pretty T. with a harbour for boats. 
 'Tis a chapel of eafe to Chefton, ha 
 a bridge over the Salcomb to Dod- 
 brook 5 and formerly bel. to the Es. 
 flV
 
 K I K I 
 
 ef Devon, till, by the attainder of one feftiaria of filver, chequered and cna- 
 of the family, it came to the crown, melled. 
 
 and was purchafed by Sir Will. Petre, KING'S-FERR Y, (Kent] the com* 
 anceftor of the prefent Ld. Petre. mon way from the main land into the 
 Here is a Mt. on 5. and a Fair on ifle of Shepey, where a cable of about 
 St. Peer's- Jay, July 20 ; and a fr. fc. 140 fathom in length, faftened at each 
 founded and endowed by Mr. Crifpin end a-crofs the water, ferves to get 
 of Exeter. the boat over by hand. For the 
 
 KINGSBURV, (Hartf.) at the W. maintenance of this ferry, and keep- 
 end of St. Albans, has its name from ing up the highway leading to it thro' 
 the Saxon Ks. who often kept their the mar/hes for above i m. in length, 
 court here, till it was purchafed by and for fupporting a wall againft the 
 the monks of .the neighbouring ab- sa, the land-occupiers tax themfelves 
 bey, to whom the refort of fo many yearly I d. per acre for frefh. rnarfh-, 
 of the nobility thither was an eye-, land, and I d. for every 10 acres of 
 lore. After the Dill", it was conveyed fait marm-Jand. Here is a houfe for 
 to John Cox, the grand-father of Sir the ferry-keeper, who is obliged to 
 Rich. Cox, who fold it, in the R. of tow all travellers over free, except oo 
 K. James I. to Ld. Verulam ; by thefe four days, vix. Paln-M. Whit- 
 whom it was conveyed. to Sir Tho, M. St.jf^rK-^s-tiay, and Micbadmet- 
 Meautys ; and from- him it parted to day, when a horfeman pays i. d. and 
 Sir Sam. Grimfton,'Bt. a footman id. But on Sunday, a* 
 
 KINGSBURY, (/fflr7.)-ftands on after 8 o'clock at night, the ferry- 
 the r. Tame, in a delightful fituation keeper demands 6d. of every horfe^ 
 amongft woods, hills, and fine mea- man, and 2 J. of every footman, 
 dows, on theb. of Sutton-Chace, and whether ftrangers, or the land-occu- 
 is fuppofed to have been the feat of piers. 
 
 fomeof the Mercian Ks. It bel. for- KINGSFORD, alias KINO-TON, 
 merly to the Bracebriggs, but was fold (Want).'} in the ps. of Bickenhill and 
 to Sir Ambrofe Cave, Chanc. of the Solihull, is a. very ancient place, and 
 duchy of Lancafter j from whom it had a Ch. In the R. of Hen. III. 
 pafied, by marriage, to Hen. Knolles, which, in that of Edw. II. was only 
 Efqj ancj, .by his daughters, to the reputed a chapel to Bikenhill. la 
 Willoughbies, who were its owners the R. of Hen. VI. and VII. it bel. 
 in 1640. to the Montforts ; of whom Sir 
 
 (J3 3 KJNGSCLERS, (Hump.) on Simon dying attainted, it came jp 
 the edge. of the downs near Berk/hire, the crown , when it was foon granted 
 is a pleafant T. in the Oxford road to the E. of Kildare ; whofe fon be- 
 from Bafingftoke, 45 cm. 52mm. ing alfo attainted, it reverted to the 
 from London, and was once the feat crown, and in the R. of Edw. VI 
 of the Saxon K.S. Ithasa-Mt. onT. was granted to Sir Tho. Lucy of 
 KINGS'COT, (Clot.) ontheE,.fid C-hcrlecote, who fold it to Tho. Da- 
 of Durfley, is a chapel of esfe to Be- bridgccourt, Eiq;. 
 verfton. It bel.. in the Conqueror's K.INGSHAUGH, (Nutting.) t& tho- 
 time, to the honor of Berkeley ; but N. E. of Tuxford, was a roysl de- 
 it has been, above 590 years, in the mefne, held, in thcR. of Hen. Ill; by 
 family of Kingfcot, by marriage with Simon Montfort E. of Leicefter, and' 
 a daughter of Ld. Berkeley of Ber- after him by Jeff, de Langley. In the 
 keley-Caflle. Here is fuppofed to R. of Hen. VIII. it bel. to Rich, 
 have been a Roman ftation, from a Nevil ; and in that of Q^ Eliz. to 
 multitude of Roman coins ploughed Auguftine Earl, in whofe family it 
 up there fome years ago, befides a hath continued ever finer, or till very 
 Urge itatue of itone, and Fibula lately. 
 
 KINGS-
 
 K I 
 
 KINGSHURST, (War.) on theW. 
 fide of Cole/hill, bel. in the R. of 
 Edw. III. to the Montforts ; whofe 
 defcendant, Sir Edmund, made a park 
 here, in the R. of Hen. VI. but it 
 came afterwards to the Digby family, 
 who enjoyed it in 1640. 
 
 KIN'GS-NOTH, (font) on the S. 
 fide of AMord, was once the manor 
 and feat of a family of that name. It 
 being forfeited afterwards to the 
 crown, K. Rich. II. gave it to Sir 
 Tho. Brown, of Bechwcrth-Caftle in 
 Surry, with a charter for a park and 
 free- warren, and a Fair on Sept. 29. 
 The principal part of it being after- 
 wards fold to cardinal Kemp, he fet- 
 tled it, in theR. of Hen. VI. on his 
 college at Wye ; but K. Hen. VIII. 
 gave it to Ld. Cromwell, afterwards 
 E. of EfTex ; upon whofe attainder it 
 reverted to the K. who difpofed of 
 one moiety of it to Sir John Baker, 
 whofe fuccefibr fold it to Mr. Powel 
 of Ewherft ; and the other moiety 
 remained in the crown, till Q. Eliz. 
 granted it to her kinfman, Hen. Ca- 
 rey, who was afterwards Ld. Hunf- 
 don ; whofe grandfen, Henry E. of 
 Dover, conveyed it to Sir Tho. Finch, 
 whofe pofterity, the Es. of Winchel- 
 fea and Nottingham, have enjoyed it 
 fince. 
 
 KINGSTON, (Nott.) on the Soare, 
 near Leicefter/hire, was formerly the 
 feat of the Babingtons, till a part of 
 it was forfeited by Anth. Babington, 
 for being in a confpiracy againft Q^_ 
 Eliz. and the Other part was fold by 
 his brother Francis to George E. of 
 Shrewfbury, whofe daughter, the Cfs. 
 of Kent.conveyed it to the Lady Hide; 
 whofe defcendant, Sir Thomas, was 
 not very long ago the owner of it. 
 
 ING ETON UP ON THAMES, 
 
 {Surry] ic cm. 12 rnm. from London, 
 whofe old name was Moreford, is fo 
 called, from its having been the refi- 
 dence of feveral of our Saxon Ks. 
 fome ef whom were crowned here on 
 a ftage in the Mt. -place. It has a 
 wooden bridge, of 22 piers and 20 
 arches, over the Thames, which is 
 
 K I 
 
 navigable here by barges ; and is ge- 
 nerally the place for the fumfner- 
 aflizes of this Co. there being a gal- 
 lows on the top of the hill that over, 
 looks it. *Tis a populous, trading, 
 well- built T. and in the Rs. of K. 
 Edw.II. and III. fent members to Pt. 
 Here is a fr. fc. erected and endowed 
 by Q._Eliz. an alm/h. built in 1670 by 
 aid. Cleave of London, for 6 men and 
 6 women, and endowed with lands to 
 the value cf ?o/. a year ; and a ch. 
 fc. for 30 beys, who are nil cloathed. 
 Hircomb's-PIacehere, lately the feat 
 of Mr. Wright, a bencher of the 
 Middle -Temple, was the houfe of the 
 famous King-making E. of Warwick. 
 Here is a fpacious Ch. with 8 beils, 
 in which, befides the pidlures of the 
 Saxon Ks. that were crowned here, 
 is K. John's, who gave this T. its 
 firft charter of incorporation. Here 
 is a good Mt. for corn, &e. on 5. 
 Fairs on Tb. in Wbii$un-W. July 22, 
 and Nrv, 2, the latter chiefly for 
 Welch cattle. The bridge was en- 
 dowed by Mr. Rob. Hamon, its bailiff 
 in 1567, with 40 /. a year in land, for 
 its maintenance for ever, which took 
 off the toll that was given to fupport 
 it before. There is another bridge 
 here of brick over a ftream, that 
 comes from a fpiing in a cellar 4m. 
 above the T. and forms fuch a brook, 
 as to drive 2 mills not above a bow- 
 /hot from it, and from each other. 
 
 KINGSTON, (Staff.) near the 
 Blyrh, on the W. fide of Needwcod- 
 Foreft, bel. formerly to the Greafleys j 
 by whom it was fold to Sir Walter 
 Afton, and by him to Henry Goreing, 
 Efq;. 
 
 KINGSTON, (Warn.} near Cla- 
 verdon, and in the p. of Chefrerton, 
 bel. formerly to the monks of Abing- 
 don in Berks j afterwards to the fa- 
 mily of Kingfton, then to the Leys, 
 and in 1640 to the Verneys. 
 
 KTNGSTON-BAGPUR, BAKI- 
 FUZE,BAPTIST,<!/'< KINGSTON- 
 INN, (Berks) on the W. fide of 
 Abingdon, about i m. from Fyfield, 
 was given to St. John's-Colkge in 
 Ox*
 
 K I 
 
 K I 
 
 Oxford, by its founder Sir Thomas 
 White, aid. of London. Here was 
 
 the feat of Bland, Efqj who 
 
 married the heirefs of Fetyplacc, as 
 alfo that of the late Mr. Hide. 
 
 KINGSTON-LACY, (Dorfit.) has 
 a chapel of eafc to Canford-Parva, 
 and bel. formerly to the Lacys Earls of 
 Lincoln. At length it came into the 
 Houfe of Lancafter, and was by K. 
 Henry IV. fettled in the crown. 
 K. James I. gave it to Cha. Blount 
 Earl of Devonfliire, whole fon fold 
 it to John, the grandfather of the 
 late Sir John Bankes ; and Sir Ralph 
 Bankes built a (lately houfe on it, 
 faid to be worth 10,000 /. alone. 
 
 KINGS TO N-LiSLE, (Berk*) near 
 Wantage and White-Hcrfe-Hill, is in 
 the p. of Sper/holt, in a fine fporting 
 country, at the edge of the fineft 
 part of the downs. It has an yearly 
 Fair July 25 ; but is of moft note 
 for the noble family of the Lifles its 
 ancient Lds. to whom it gave name 
 and title of Baron and Vifc. as it has 
 done more lately that of Vifc. to the 
 Dudleys, and fince to the Sidneys 
 Earls of Leicefter. 
 
 KiNGSTON-RussEt, (Dorfet.) 
 near Dorchefter, was jn the R. of 
 Edw. I. the manor of Will. Rufiel, 
 (who obtained a charter for a Mt. 
 Jiere every 1b. and a Fair on St. 
 Maitbcw^s) and was held by fer- 
 jcanty, T/JB. to be cup-bearer to the 
 K. at the four principal feafts of the 
 year. John Pitt, Efq; has a feat here j 
 but the manor is Mr. Mitchel's. 
 
 KIVGSWZRK, (De-van.) has a 
 clupel of eafe to Brixham, and a 
 caft'le erected for the defence of Dart- 
 ms-uth-Haven, to which there is ge- 
 nerally a ferry. 
 
 KINGS WOOD, N. of Wickwar, 
 though encompaflcJ with Gloccfter- 
 fnire, and in its diocefs, and 7 m. 
 from any place in Wilts, is a p. 
 neverthelefs in the latter, and under 
 its Sheriffs, &f. The manor was 
 anciently in the Berkleys family, one 
 of whom founded an abbey here, on 
 which he fettled it. After the Diff. 
 
 it wis granted to Sir John Thynrt, 
 from whofe family it was parted to 
 the Smiths of Nibley, and afterwards 
 to Tho, Mitchel 5 but the whole p. 
 3s tithe-free, on account of a grant 
 to the abbey. Here is a ch. fc. 
 
 KlNGSWOOD-FoREST, (G/CC.) 
 
 on the N. E. fide of Briftol, is about 
 ^ooo acres, the property of divers 
 gentry by patent from the crown, 
 and conlifting chiefly of coal-mines. 
 
 KIN r,s WOOD, (Wariv.) in the 
 ps. of Lapworth and Rowington. 
 Though it is a good way from Wil- 
 lefburn, it is ftill reckoned a part of 
 its conftablery, and bel. in the R. 
 of Henry V, to the great family of 
 Montfort, Lds. of Beldefert in this 
 Co. From them it parted, with Wel- 
 lefburn, to the Butlers, and from that 
 family to Sir John Norbury and Will. 
 Belknap, Elq;. And in the R. of 
 Hen. VII. it was fold to Nich. Brome 
 of Badfley-Clinton, from whom it de- 
 volved, with Wellefburn, to the Fer- 
 rers family, 
 
 {3" KING-TON, or KYNETON, 
 (Hcnf.) on the r. Arrow, 114 cm. 
 146 mm. from London, is a pretty 
 large well-built old T. inhabited 
 chiefly by clothiers, who drive a con- 
 fiderable trade in narrow cloth. It 
 has a Mt, on W. one of the beft in 
 the Co. with a fr. fc. and a ch. fc. 
 Its Fairs are W. before Eafler, ff^it. 
 fon-M. July 22, and Sept. 1-5. The 
 MtF. on If. before Eajfer, Wbitfon- 
 tide, and Cbriftmas, are fo confider- 
 able for corn, cattle, leather, home- 
 made linen and woollen cloth, and 
 all ibrts of provifions, that they are 
 more like Fairs. 
 
 KINGTOV, (Warw.) near CJa- 
 verdcn, bel. formerly to the abbey 
 of Bordeflcy, but after the DifT. it 
 was granted to Clement Throckmor- 
 ton and Alexander Avenon, whofe 
 heirs died polTefled of it in th? R. of 
 Q^ Eliz. It was very lately in the 
 hands of Mr. John Parker. 
 
 3 KINVER, (Staff.) am. W. 
 of Stourbridge, 92 cm. ioq mm. 
 from London, has an old fortification
 
 K I 
 
 K I 
 
 In it, and a remarkable ftone a yards 
 
 and 4 yards in circumference, 
 :h is fuppoled to have been a 
 Britifh deity, or a memorial of a 
 battle fought here by that people 5 
 they call it Battle-Stone, or Bolt- 
 Stone. 
 
 KINWALDSEY, (Wariv.} on the 
 N. fide of Meriden, bel. formerly to 
 the nuns of Mergate, and afterwards 
 to the monks of Weftminfter. It is 
 reputed a member of the manor of 
 Hampton. 
 
 KTPAX, and its Park, (Tori/hire, 
 W. R.) on the N. W. fide of Ferry- 
 bridge, has a feat of Sir John Bland, 
 Bt. and built by Sir Thomas in the 
 R. of Q^Eliz. Here is another of 
 Sir Reginal:! Graham, Bt, 
 
 KIREY-BELI.ERS, (Lcic.) on the 
 N. W. fide of Melton-Mowbray, bel. 
 heretofore to a family of that name, 
 byiwhom a priory was built here in 
 theR.ofEdw.I. In that of Hen. V. 
 Rob. Swillington was its Ld. There 
 is a park here, which lately bel. to 
 Sir Hen. Haftings. 
 'KIBB-Y -MONKS, (Warm.} bet. 
 Coventry and LutteiWc-rth> is a large 
 p. of at leaft 10 bsrnlets. Here are 
 marks of a Rcrmn fiction. It had 
 the name from befn an alien priory 
 fubordinate to a men. at Angiers in 
 Franc*. In the R. of Hen. III. it 
 had a charter for a Mt. on IV, and a 
 Fair at M^d jammer ; but in the R. 
 cf Ed\v. I. "the Mt. was altered to 
 Tu. In the R. of Rich. U. it was 
 united- to the Carthufians mon. in 
 the Ifle of Axholm. At the Biff, it 
 w.as granted by K. Henry VHI. to 
 Tho. Manning Bp. of Ipfwich, for 
 his life, with remainder to Cha.. Bran- 
 don D. cf Suffolk, and his heirs ; 
 from which D. the manor devolved to 
 Hen. Cray D. of Suffolk. It went af- 
 terwards by marriage to Edward Sey- 
 mour Earl of Hartford, grandfather 
 tc. Will. Marquis cf Hertford, \\ho 
 fold it n Mary Ccun\efs of Bucks, 
 who fettled it on her graccfcn, BaJil 
 I.i. Fitting, afterwards Earl if Den- 
 bijh. The Ch. is vcrv large, and 
 had a very tail fpiie, which fcrved 
 
 as a land -mark all over the country* 
 till the inh. to fave the charge 9f 
 repairs, pulled down above 20 feet 
 of it. It was blown down, on Chrift- 
 mas-day at night, in 1722, but is 
 fmce rebuilt. 
 
 KIRKBY, or KERBY, {Nortb- 
 amp.) a feat of Ld. Hatton's, 3 m. 
 from Rockingham, which is, or wa$ 
 lately, of particular note for its par- 
 dens, inriched with a vaiiety of the 
 moft valuable exotics, and a wilder- 
 nefs with almoft all the fpecies of 
 our Englifli trees, ranged in fine 
 order. 
 
 KIRKBY IN AsHriziD, (ffctt.) 
 on the S. W. fide of Mansfield. It 
 was the Stutevilles manor from the 
 R. of Hen. II. toEdw.III. when one 
 of them forfeited it to the K. who 
 gave it to John Darcy, whofe pofte- 
 rity enjoyed it -many fucceflions, 
 when it went by marriage to Sir 
 John Conyers, whofe heirs fold it to 
 Sir Cha. Cavendifh j and it is fince be- 
 come the D. of Newcaftle's. Sir Cha. 
 had begun a great houfe here, on a 
 hill by the foreft fids near Annefley- 
 Woodhoufe, but being afiaulted and 
 wounded by Sir John Stanhope and 
 his men, as he was ordering the 
 work, he uifcontinued it, to prevent 
 the farther effbfion of blood in the 
 quarrel, which was then very hot 
 bet. the two families. 
 
 Ki R K B Y-!R EL ZTH, (.LZBC.) near 
 the Dudden-Sands, has a-ftately feat, 
 giving name to the Kirkbys, who 
 have been Lds. of it ever fince the 
 Conqpeft. The manor- houfe is called 
 Kirkby-Crofs-Hcufc, from a crofs 
 which flood before the gate, till 
 Sandys Abp. of York ordered the top 
 of it to be brcke gff. 
 
 (JC^ K.I R K B Y -LON S D A L E, (#^?.) 
 
 182 cm. 231 mm. from London, is 
 called Kirkby from the Ep. of Car- 
 lille of that name, \vho routed the 
 Scots, and was, it is faid, a native of 
 it. It is a -pretty large T. with a 
 woollen mf, and a Mt. en Tu. It 
 tas a fair Ch. and A good ftone- 
 bridge over the Lone. Frofn its Ch.- 
 yard and die banks of the r. there is
 
 K I 
 
 K I 
 
 a very fine profpect of the mountains 
 at a vaft diftance, as well as of the 
 courfe of the r. which abounds with 
 falmon, trout, fc. and provifions of 
 all forts are very cheap here. This 
 T. gives the title of Vifc. to the fa- 
 mily of Lowther. 
 
 Jtj* KlRKEY-MoRES IDE, 
 
 (Tork. N. R.) 167 cm. 198 mm. 
 from London, fo called becaufe it lies 
 on the fide of Blackmoor, bel. for- 
 merly to the Stutevilles, till one of 
 them forfeited it to K. Edw. I. who 
 gave it to his fon the Eirl of Kent, 
 after which it went by marriage to 
 Sir Tho. Holland. The Mt. here is 
 
 IR KEY -STEVEN, or STE- 
 PHEN'S-CHURCH, (Weft.} iSScm. 
 223 mm. from London, ftands on 
 the r. Eden, is noted for the mf. of 
 yarn ftockings, and has a fr. fchool, 
 founded and endowed by the Whar- 
 ton family. Its Mt. is on F. and 
 the Fairs on Wbitfon-M. St. Mark's 
 and St. Lukis. 
 
 KIRKBY-THORE, (Weft.} ftands 
 alfoon the r. Eden, N.W. of Ap- 
 pleby, and bel. formerly to the Lds. 
 Clifford. Below it are the vaft ruins 
 ef an ancient T. where Roman coins 
 and urns are now and then dug up. 
 The people call it Whelp-Caftle. 
 The old military-way runs through 
 it, called the Maiden- Way, becaufe 
 it began at Maiden-Caftle in Stain- 
 more in Yorldh. N. R. 
 
 $^> KIRKH AM, (Lane.) 162 cm. 
 191 mm. from London, ftands near 
 the Ribble, 6 m. from the Irilh fea, 
 in that part of the Co. called the 
 Field-Lands. It has -a Mt. on 7a. 
 Fair June 24, and a fr. fc. well en- 
 dowed by Mr. Colborn, a citizen of 
 London, in 1674, with 3 mafters, 
 one of whom is obliged to preach a 
 lecture once a month in the mother- 
 Ch. or fome chapel in the p. 
 
 KIRKLEES, (Tork. W. R. ) on 
 the Calder, 3 m. from Huthersfield, 
 had once a nunnery. In the park 
 near it is the funeral-monument of 
 that generous highwayman Robin 
 
 Hood ; and on the adjacent moor 
 are two little hills, called Robin 
 Hood's Butts. Sir John Armitage, 
 Bt. has a feat here. 
 
 KIRK-LETHUM, (York. N. R.) 
 near the mouth of the Tees, has a 
 ftately hof. for 40 poor people, built 
 and generoufly endowed by a native, 
 Sir Will. Turner, Ld.-mayor of Lon- 
 don, anna 1669. 
 
 (^ KIR K-OSWALD, (Cumb.} on 
 the Eden, 210 cm. 248 mm. from 
 London, had formerly a caftle built 
 by the Engains, augmented by Sir 
 Sir Hugh Morvil, (one of thofe that 
 killed Tho. Becket) who in the R. 
 of K. John inclofed the park, and 
 quite fmifhed by Tho. Dacres, who 
 made a moat round it 5 but it was 
 demoliflied above 100 years ago. 
 The late Timothy Tetheftonhang had 
 a feat here, as has now the Earl of 
 Suflex. The Mt. is on Tb. 
 
 KIRKS-HEAD, (Weftmor.} near 
 Levens and the r. Ken, where is an 
 old round building, laid to have been 
 a temple of Diana. 
 
 KIRKSTAL, (Tort. W. R.) on 
 the N. W. fide of Leeds, has ftill 
 the remains of an abbey, which after 
 the Did. was given to Mr. Pakeman. 
 Here are feveral corn and fulling- 
 mills, a ftone-bridge over the Are, 
 which was made navigable hither in 
 the year 1698, and an iron- forge, 
 with a mill for flitting iron into fmall 
 bars and rods. It was the feat of the 
 late Ben. Wade, Efq;. 
 
 KIRKSTON, (Nott.) on the N. 
 fide of Bingham, gave name to its 
 ancient Lds, from whom it palled Ly 
 marriage to the Leeks, and by them 
 to the Whalleys, of whom was Edw. 
 Whalley, major-general in the Ft. 
 army. 
 
 KIRTI.INGTON, (Nott.) on the 
 N. fide of Southwell, was in the R. 
 of Henry IV. the eftate of Sir John 
 Dunham ; but was afterwards pur- 
 chafed by Dr. John Mere ; and John 
 More, fon of Sir Edward More, a 
 Scots Bart, made a very fair park, 
 here, 
 
 Cc Kw.
 
 K I 
 
 TO 
 
 K N 
 
 KIRTOJ:, (Nott.) on the W. fide 
 of Tuxford, did bel. to the mon. of 
 Rufford, but at the Diff. was given 
 to the Earl of Shrewsbury. The 
 Clarkfons family had a feat here for 
 many fuccefiions. 
 
 3* KIRTON, (Line.) 117 cm. 
 136 mm. from London, had its name 
 from its kirk, or Ch. which is truly 
 magnificent. It has a Mt. on 6'. 
 and Fairs April 30, and Augujl 10. 
 This place is famous for the pippin, 
 which, when grafted on its own 
 itock, is called the renate. It gives 
 name to its H. in which are four vil- 
 lages of the fame name. 
 
 Ki T T' s-CoT T y- Ho us t.,(Kent) 
 en the N. fide of Aylesford, has a 
 monument of flones, tomething like 
 Stone-Henge, where Cotigern the 
 Britifh general, who was killed in 
 battle with Horia the Saxon general, 
 in the neighbourhood, is fuppofed to 
 have been buried. 
 
 KiVETON-TowER, ( York/hire, 
 W. R.) 6 m. from Rotherham, the 
 feat of Sir Rich. Ofborn, Bt. (in the 
 R. of K. Cha. I.) to whofe pofterity, 
 the Ds. of Leeds, it gives title of 
 Baron, and they have a feat here, 
 about i m. from Afton, which was 
 built in the R. of Cha. II. by Sir 
 Thorms, the firft D. of that name, 
 and ftands in a good air, with a fine 
 profpedr, a canal, pleafant gardens, 
 and a large park, through which the 
 D. of Leeds has cut a vifta, to take 
 in Laughton fteeple, about 3 m. off". 
 
 K.NAFTHORP, (Netting.) on the 
 K. W. fide of Newark, bel. formerly 
 to the Deincourts, but in the R. of 
 Edw. III. it went by marriage of two 
 fefters the heirefles to Sir Nicholas 
 Longford and Sir John Buffy. The 
 atter's moiety, after paffmg through 
 divers families, came in the R. of 
 Q^Eliz. to William Mafon and his 
 heirs. The moiety of the former 
 continued many fucceffions in that 
 family, and, for ought we know, 
 remains in it ftill ; but the Buflys 
 art came afterwards to the Suttons, 
 
 on* of whonj 
 
 to William 
 
 Thorold, Efq; of Lincolnfliire, whofe 
 defendant, Sir John Thorold, fold 
 it to Sir John Thorney, and it was 
 enjoyed by his great gnmdfon, John 
 Thorney, E%. 
 
 KNAP TOP T, (Leic.) on the E. 
 fide of Lutterworth, near the fource 
 of the Swift, belonged in the R. of 
 Edward I. to the Gobions ; in that 
 of Hen. V. to Sir John Paynel, and 
 afterwards to the family of the Tur- 
 pins, defcended from thofe of Nor- 
 thumberland, who have ftill, or lately 
 had, their feat here. 
 
 # KNARESBOROUGH, (York/b. 
 W. R.) 13 m. from York, 149 cm. 
 175 mm. from Londcn, is an ancient 
 Bor. by prefcription, called by fo- 
 reigners the Yorkfhire-Spaw. It is 
 almcft encompaffed by the r. Nid, 
 which iflues from the bottom of 
 Craven-Hills, and had a priory, with 
 a caftle, long fince demolished, on a 
 craggy rock, from whence it took 
 the name. The T. is about 3 fur- 
 longs in length ; and the p. is fa- 
 mous for four medicinal fprings, near 
 each other, and yet of different qua- 
 lities. I. The fweet-fpaw, or vitrio- 
 line well, in Knareiborough-foreft, 
 3 m. from the T. which was difco- 
 vered in 162.0 by Mr. Slingfby. 2. The 
 ftinking fpaw, or fulphur, which tinges 
 filver with the colour of copper, but 
 is very faetid, and therefore ufed only 
 in bathing. 3. St. Mungo's, a cold 
 bath, 4 m. from the 'i'. 4. The 
 dropping-well, which is in the T. 
 and the moft noted petrifying well in 
 England, fj called by reafon of its 
 dropping from the fpungy rock hang- 
 ing over it. Tlx:re is a tradition that 
 mother Shipton was born near this 
 rock. The ground which receives 
 it, before it joins the well, is, for 
 12 yards long, become a folid rock. 
 From the well it runs into the Nid, 
 where the fpring-water has made a 
 rock, that flrctches feme yards into 
 the r. The adjacent fields are noted 
 for liquorice, and a foft yellow marie, 
 which is a rich manure. The Lp. 
 was formerly Piers de Gaveilon's, 
 and
 
 K N 
 
 and is fince parcel of the duchy of 
 Lancafter, and the T. is governed by 
 a bailiff". The Slingfby family, who 
 have a feat here, were made here- 
 ditary rangers of its foreft, by K. 
 Edw. I. Its baths are not fo much 
 frequented, fmce Scarborough-Spaw 
 came in vogue. The Mt. is W. 
 Here is a ftone-bridge over the r. near 
 one end of which is a cell dug out of 
 the rock, and called St. Robert's 
 chapel. 
 
 KNATH, (Line.) near Gainefbo- 
 rough, was the birth-place of Mr. 
 Sutton, founder of the Charterhoufe, 
 the feat of the Barons Darcy, and 
 finte of Ld. Willoughby of Parham. 
 
 K.NAVESTON, (Leic.} on the S. 
 fide of Hallaton, bel. formerly to the 
 neighbouring priory of Olwefton ; but 
 after the DiflT. K. Edw. VI. gave it 
 to Gregory Ld. Cromwell. 
 
 KNZ.BWORTH, ( Hartf. ) bet. 
 Hartford and Hitching, bel. in the 
 R. of Edw. I. to Rob. de Hoc, who 
 obtained a Mt. here on F. and a Fair 
 at Midjummer ; in the next R. to 
 Tho. de Brotherton, 5th fon to K. 
 Edw. I. by whofe daughter it went, 
 in marriage, to John de Segrave, and 
 after his deceafe to her ad hu(band, 
 Sir Walter Manny. Upon her death 
 it went to John Hotoft, and foon af- 
 ter to Sir Tho. Bourchier, who fold 
 it, in the R. of Hen. VII. to Rob. 
 Lytton of Derby/hire, in whofe fa- 
 mily it has continued to this day ; tor 
 though in the R. of Cha. II. Sir 
 Will. Lytton gave it to Sir Geo. 
 Strode's eldeft fon, he left it to Will. 
 Robinfon Lytton. The manor-houfe 
 ftands in a large park, well wooded, 
 and flocked with the beft deer in the 
 Co. Its fituation is on a hill, or 
 knap, from whence it has the name. 
 
 K.NEESALE^A'Wr.) on theN.W. 
 fide of Newark, was formerly given 
 to religious ufes, but granted by K. 
 Hen. VIII. to Sir John Hufley ; 
 whofe fon being attainted in the R. of 
 Edw. VI. it was given to Edw. Fien- 
 n<-s, Ld. Clinton and Say ; but at 
 length it palled to the Picrpoints. 
 
 K N 
 
 K.NEVETON,(Aforr.) on the Trent, 
 bet. Nottingham and Newark. This 
 manor, in the R. of Edw. VI. was 
 held of the K. in capite, by Sir Edw. 
 Molineux. It was afterwards en- 
 clofed by Geo. Lafcelles, Efq; and 
 mortly after fold to the Lady Dormer ; 
 from whom it pafied to Sir Henry 
 More, and fo to the Marq. of Dor- 
 chefter, who, about 1665, fold it to 
 Sir Fran. Molyneux, Bt. who new 
 built the manfion-houfe, and made It 
 his feat. A good (hare was bougl-t 
 of Edw. Mower, and fome of Tho. 
 Beane, which Mr. Pochin of Leicef- 
 ter/hire fold to Mr. Hacker ; whofe 
 fon, the colonel, fold it to Eliz. re- 
 lidt of Fran. Thornhaugh, and after- 
 wards wife of William Skeffingtort. 
 Mr. John Story had alfo a conlidera- 
 ble fliare, which his grandfather 
 William purchafed of Mr. Molyneux. 
 
 KNIGHTCOTE, {Warto.} on the 
 N.E. fide of Kineton, was heretofore 
 a member of the manor of Daflet, and 
 bel. in the R. of Hen. VII. to Will. 
 Hufley; but fo late as 1640 to Sir 
 John Smith of Crabbet in Suflfex. 
 
 KNIGHTESTON, (Devon. ) near 
 St. Mary's-Ottery, was formerly the 
 eftate of Lds. of its own name. In 
 the R. of Edw. III. it came to Tho. 
 Bitlefgate, whofe family enjoyed ic 
 divers defcents ; and it was, not very 
 long ago, purchafed by Mr. Will. 
 Sherman. 
 
 KNIGHTLEY, (Staff.} on the W. 
 fide of Stafford, has a park, through 
 which runs the r. Penk, or Rowley- 
 Water. It came from a family of 
 that name, by marriage, to Roger 
 Pefhall ; from whom it went, by 
 marriage of his daughter, to Will. 
 Leigh, who dying without iflue, it 
 pafled to Rich. Pefhall of Chetwind, 
 heir to Roger aforefaid ; in whofe fa- 
 mily it continued feveral fucceffions, 
 till it pafled, by marriage, to Sir John 
 Blount, whofe fon, Sir George, gave 
 all his lands to his nephew Rowland 
 Lacon. 
 
 KNIGHTLOW-HILL, or CROSS, 
 
 which gives name to a H. in Wat- 
 
 C c a luickjhire,
 
 K N 
 
 K N 
 
 luhkjhire, ftands in the road from 
 Coventry to London, at the entrance 
 of Dunfmore-Heath. About 40 Ts. 
 in this H. which are fpecified by 
 Dugdale, are obliged, on the forfei- 
 ture of 30 s. and a white bull, to pay 
 a certain rent to the Ld. of this H, 
 called Wroth-Money, orSivarj "-Penny ; 
 which muft be depofited, every Mar- 
 tina aft-day in the morning, at this 
 erofs, before fun rile j when the party 
 payingit muft go thrice about the crofs, 
 and fay the Wfotb-Mtmey, and then 
 lay it in the hole of the faid crofs 
 before good witnefs. 
 
 KNIGHT SBR IDGE, {Midd.) the 
 firft village from London in the great 
 weftern road, lies in the ps. of St. 
 Margaret's Weftminfter, and St. 
 George by Hanover-Square, and has a 
 chapel, which is nevertheJefs inde- 
 pendent. At the entrance of it from 
 London ftands that noble Infirmary for 
 lick and wounded, called St. George" s- 
 Jiofpital, creeled and maintained by 
 the contributions of our nobility and 
 gentry, of whom there are not lefs 
 than 300 governors, who have the 
 honour of the Pr. of Wales for their 
 prelidenr. In the centre of this vjl- 
 lage, there is a fabrick lately creeled 
 iy Mr. Will. Spinnage and company, 
 where is carried on one of the muft 
 ccnfiderable mfs. in England for paint- 
 ing floor-cloths, &c. 
 
 KNIPERSLEY, (Staff.} in the p. 
 of Biddulph, was the eflate of a fa- 
 mily of the fame name, from the R. 
 of Hen. III. to thatofEdw. II, foon 
 after which it went, by marriage, to 
 Rob. Bowyer. There is a well in the 
 neighbouring park,the water of which 
 is recommended for the kings-evil. 
 S ir Thomas Grefley, Bt. has a feat 
 here. 
 
 KNOCKING-CASTLE, (Salop) on 
 the S. E. fide of Ofweftry, was the 
 manor and feat of the Leftranges, 
 from the R. of Hen. II. to Edw. IV. 
 when it went, by marriage, to Geo. 
 Stanley, fon to Thomas E. of Derby. 
 
 KNOLL, (Wariv ) a member of 
 the manor of Ham p ten in Arden, to 
 
 the N. W. of Bal/hall, was granted 
 by (^ Eleanor, wife to K. Edw. I. 
 to the monks of Weftminfter. Q. 
 Eliz. gave it to Robert E. of Leicef- 
 ter, and his heirs ; who exchanging 
 it with her for other lands, it reverted 
 to the crown, and K. Jsmes I. gave 
 it to Sir Fulk Grevil, Ld. Brook, to ' 
 be held of the manor of Eaft-Green- 
 wich. A chapel was eredted here, in 
 the R. of Rich. II. which was after- 
 wards improved to a college. 
 
 near the Merfey, 133 cm. 154 mm. 
 from London, is divided into the Up- 
 per and Lower Ts. by a rivulet called 
 Bicken. In the former is the Ch. 
 and in the latter is a chapel of eafe, 
 the Mt. and T.-houfe. The Mt. is 
 on 5. Fairs on Wbit-Tu. for the Up- 
 per T. and on June 24 and Of}. 23, 
 for the Lower T. The late D. of 
 Bridgwater was Ld. of the manor. 
 
 KNOTTINGLEY, (York, W. R.) 
 en the Aire, near Ferrybridge, is noted 
 for its merchandize in Lime. The 
 ftones of which it is made are dug up 
 plentifully at Elmet, and here burnt ; 
 from whence it is conveyed, at certain 
 feafons, in great quantities to Wake- 
 field, Sandal, and Standbndge, for fale, 
 and fo carried into the W. parts of the 
 Co. for manure. 
 
 KNOWLE-HILL, (Sam.") not far 
 from Langport. About 60 years ago, 
 a chequered pavement of white, blue, 
 and red, was difcovered near it. 
 
 KNOWLTON, (Kent) near Wing- 
 ham, bel. anciently to the St. Legers, 
 one of whom fold it to the mon. of 
 Chrift-Ch. Canterbury; after which 
 it was exchanged with Tho. Perot, 
 whofe female heir tranflated it, by 
 marriage, to the Langleys, as theirs 
 did to the Peytons ; fince which it 
 became the eftate of Sir Tho. Daeth. 
 
 KN'owsToN,(WaM.)near South- 
 Moulton, which was formerly the 
 manor of the Beaples, went, by mar- 
 riage, to Sir Neal Loring, Kt. of the 
 Garter ; and from him, by the fame 
 means, to the Ld. Harrington, whofe 
 heirefs carried it, in marriage, to Ld. 
 Bonvile j
 
 K Y 
 
 TO 
 
 L A 
 
 Bonvile ; after which it was purcha- 
 fed by a fon of Sir Lewis Pollard. 
 
 KYAR, (Wore.} near Tenbury and 
 Sutton-Park, hss alm/hs. for poor 
 widows, founded and endowed by 
 Ann, daughter of Sir John Fettiplace, 
 Bt. who married James Pytts, Efqj 
 of this place. 
 
 KYMZ-SOUTH, (Line.) nearFre- 
 kingham, on a r. that runs into the 
 Witham S. W. of Tatterflial, was 
 heretofore the chief feat of a family 
 of that name j from which it went, 
 by marriage of the heirefs, to Gilbert 
 d'UYnfravil, E. of Angus ; and by the 
 fame means, from his pofterity, to the 
 family of Talbois ; and from thence 
 to the families of Dimock, Ingleby, 
 V. 
 
 KYNETON, (Som.) on the N. E. 
 fide of Somerton, is naturally paved, 
 for half a m. together, with one 
 fmooth broad rock, which looks like 
 ice. 
 
 KYNNERTON, (War.} near Aul- 
 cefter, is alfo called Kinewarton, from 
 Kineward, the poffeflbr of it in the 
 time of the Saxons. It was after- 
 wards given to the abbey of Evefham. 
 After the Dill", it was given to Anth. 
 Skinner of London, whofe grand-fon 
 fold it, fometime in the laft century, 
 to Fulk Ld. Grevil. 
 
 KVTE-HERDWIC, (Wariu.} a 
 member of Tyfoe, bet. Lambcote and 
 Edgehill, bel. in the R. of Hen. VI. 
 to Will. Verney, Efq; of Wolford ; 
 from whom it patted to Rich. Dalby 
 of Brookhampton, in the R. vf K. 
 Edw. IV. 
 
 L A 
 
 L ACOCK, (Wilts} near Chippen- 
 ham, is faid to have had ac.ar.ie 
 in the tiimt of the Britons, ?.nd after- 
 wards a nunnery. Roman coins ufed 
 to be found in a field here, which 
 was therefore called Silver-Field. 
 
 LADBROOK, (W,:r-w.) to the S. 
 of Southam, bel. formerly to a family 
 of the lame, name \ then to .he Catef- 
 
 bys j one of whom being attainted, in 
 the R. of Hen. VII. it fell to the 
 crown, and was granted to Sir John 
 Rifley, and his heirs ; but was loon 
 reftored to Geo. Gate/by, fon of the 
 perfon attainted. It was afterwards 
 conveyed to John Throckmorton, 
 who, in the R. of Q^Eliz. pafled it 
 to Sir Rob. Dudley, whofe daughters 
 conveyed it to Will. Palmer ; and 
 from him it was paffed to Sir Will. 
 Palmer of Clerkenwell, who had it 
 in 1640. Here was a bridge over the 
 r. Ichene to Herberbury. 
 
 LAGHAM, (Surry) near Godftone, 
 had, in the R. of Edw. I. its parlia- 
 mentary baron, called St. John, whofe 
 eflate went at laft, by marriage, to J. 
 Leodiard. 
 
 LAIGHTON, or LOW-LAYTON, 
 (Effcx) 5m. E. from London, has 
 antiquities, fuch as urns, &c. which 
 mew it was a Roman ftation. Here 
 was formerly a ford over the r. Lea, 
 till Maud, wife to K. Hen. I. having 
 narrowly efcaped being drowned, as 
 flie patted it, caufed the ftone-bridge 
 to be built a little lower at Stratford- 
 le-Bow, to whofe abbot and convent 
 the p. Ch. was formerly given ; but 
 after the DifT. the manor with the 
 rectory and advowfon of the vicarage 
 was granted by Hen. VIII. to Tho. 
 Wrothefley, Ld. Chauc. of England j 
 from whofe family it patted to Capt. 
 Swanley. Here is an almfh. for 8 
 poor people, erecTred by Mr. John 
 Smith, of London, merchant and a 
 ch. fc. The late Sir Fifher Tench, 
 Et. erected a feat at Laighton-Stone 
 in this p. which the D. d'Aumont., 
 the French ambafiador at this couit 
 in 1711, faid was the neateft box 
 he had feen in England. Sir John 
 Strange has a feat atLoighton-Grange. 
 
 LAKBNHAM, (Norfolk) by Nor- 
 wich, has the name from its fitua- 
 tion by the Broad-Water, or Lake. 
 It bel. formerly to the priory, and 
 then to the D. and C. of Norwich ; 
 but was granted by Edward VI. to 
 Tho. Gre/ham, and in 1553, it wa 
 
 o. ream, and in 1553, i 
 held by Sir Thomas Grefliara, 
 
 Ld.-
 
 L A 
 
 L A 
 
 mayor of London. In 1640, it bel. 
 to George Ld. Berkley, who died in 
 1685, and left it. to his only fur- 
 viving fon, afterwards Earl of Berk- 
 ley, whofe fecond fon, James Berk- 
 ley, A. M. and a prebendary of Weft- 
 minfter, owned it from 1693 to 
 3695, when he died. And in 1735* 
 Jane Chaplin, widow, held it for 
 life, remainder to Hen. Berkley, third 
 fon to Charles late Earl of Berkley, 
 and brother to James the prefent Eail 
 of Berkley. The Ch. ftands en the 
 cliff by the water-f.de. This place is 
 divided from the walls of Norwich 
 by Brakendon, or the Braky-Downs 
 or Hills, on which were formerly 
 brake?, and where was a chapel 
 founded in the Conqueror's time, and 
 much frequented by fifhermen and 
 watermen, who came to offer to its 
 patron St. Nicholas. 
 
 LA MB COTE, or LORNCOTE, 
 (Nott.) near the Trent, S. W. of 
 Bingham, was fold by Geo. Pilking- 
 ton in the R. of Q^Eliz. to John 
 Rofell, whofe pofterity had it lately, 
 if they have it not ftill. 
 
 LAMBCOTE, {Warm.} was ori- 
 ginally a member of Lower-Eaten- 
 don, and bel. to Kenilworth-Abbey, 
 but at the DifT. was granted to Rich. 
 Andrews and Leonard Chamberlain, 
 JLfqrs. and the heirs of the former. 
 Jt came afterwards to George Ld. 
 Wilioughby of Brook. 
 
 LAMBETH, ( Surry ) on the 
 Thames, bet. Southwark and Bat- 
 terfea, is divided into 8 precincts, 
 that are about 17 mm. in circumfe- 
 rence, and contain above 1500 houfes, 
 f/z. i. The Abp. of Canterbury's, 
 who has a palace here adjoining to 
 theCh. a. The Prince's. 3. Vaux- 
 hall. 4. Kenington. 5. The Marih. 
 6. The Wall. 7. Stockw-11. 8. The 
 Dean's Precinft. In the Marfh and 
 St. George's-Fields, are ditches that 
 were made when London was be- 
 fieged by the Danift K. Canute, 
 who turned the courfe of the Thames 
 fiom about the K's. -Barge- houfe to a 
 place beyond the Brioge : and here it 
 
 was that he died in his cups. By 
 the road-fide from Vaux-Hall to 
 Kingfton, is an almfh. for 7 poor 
 women, built in 1618 by Carcn 
 the Dutch ambafiador, who refided 
 in England 28 years. Near the bank 
 of the Thames in this p. oppofite to 
 Somerfet-Houfe, are thofe called Cu- 
 per's-gardens, the eftate of Jefus Coll. 
 in Oxford. Here are feveral ftatues, 
 &c. the remains of Greek and Ro- 
 man antiquities, which are very 
 much disfigured by time and bad 
 ufage, and i'uppofed to be part of the 
 famous collection of the Earl of A- 
 rundel, but being broken and defaced, 
 were not thought good enough to be 
 prefented to the U. of Oxford, and 
 put among the marmoria Aruvdth- 
 anay and were therefore removed 
 hither, when Arundel houfe on the 
 other fide of the Thames was tursed 
 into a ilreet. 
 
 (3=" LAM BORNE, UPPER and 
 LOWER, (Berks) near the b. of 
 Wilts, 49 cm. 57 mm. from Lon- 
 don, has its name from its little r. 
 which runs into the Kenr.et, and is 
 remarkable for being high in the 
 Summer, and low in the Winter. 
 Its ancient Lds. the Fitz-Warrens, 
 obtained a Mt. of Henry III. in the 
 Lower, which is the biggeft, to be 
 kept on F. and 3 Fairs, vi. May r, 
 Wbitfcn-M. Sept. 21, befides one 
 Nw. 23. It afterwards went to the 
 family of Eflex. 
 
 LAMBORNE, (EJ/ex) 4m. from 
 Epping, bet. Wahham-Abbey and 
 Rumford, bel. anciently to the laid 
 abbey. This manor is held by the 
 fervice of the ward-ftafF, vix. to 
 carry a load of ftraw, in a cart with 
 6 horfes, 2 ropes, and 2 men, in 
 harnefs, to watch the faid ward-ftarT, 
 when it is brought to the neighbour- 
 ing hamlet of Abridge. There were 
 certain lands in this p. formerly called 
 Minchin-Lands, which bel. to the 
 mon. at Stratford le Bow, and were 
 granted by K. Henry VIII. to Sir 
 Ralph Sadler, who 'fold them to 
 Owen Low, Efqj. 
 
 LAMBS-
 
 L A 
 
 L A 
 
 y t came to r . oc, a. 
 London, in 1 545, whofe daughter 
 ried it by marriage to Sir John 
 
 eler, whofe fon fold it to Sir Will. 
 
 LAMBS-CONDUIT -FutDS, 
 {Mldd.} on the N. fide of Holbourn, 
 London, famous for its conduit, and 
 for a noble hof. erected in 1745, for 
 foundlings. 
 
 LAMER, (Hartf.) on the N. fide 
 of the r. Lea, in the p. of Wheat- 
 Hampfted, bel. in the R. of Hen. III. 
 to Pontius Lamere, from whofe fa- 
 mily it came to Sir Will. Roch, aid. 
 of London 
 carr 
 Botel 
 
 Gerrard, the anceftor of the prefent 
 Sir Samuel Gerrard, Bt. Its Ch. 
 thought to be the oldeft in the Co. 
 is built like a cathedral, and the 
 rood feems to be left in it ftill, which 
 ferves for the clerk's deflc. 
 
 LAMERTON, or LAMBERETON, 
 (Devon.] z m. from Taviftock, has 
 in its Ch. the effigies of Nicholas and 
 Andrew Tremaine, twins, who were 
 not only fo like as fcarce to bj diftin- 
 gui/hed, but fuffered the fame pain, 
 and had the fame appetites, though 
 at a diftnnce, at the fame time ; and 
 were killed together at Newhaven in 
 France, in 1663. The manor was 
 formerly the Giffards, from whom it 
 defcended to the family of Trewen, 
 and afterwards by marriage to the 
 Fortefcues. 
 
 L A M L E y, ( Nortbumb. ) near 
 Featherftonhaugh, on the S. Tyne, 
 is a large T. which, in the R. of 
 K. John, had a nunnery, the fite of 
 which is much worn away by the 
 floods. Here is the feat of Mr. All- 
 good. 
 
 LAMI.KY, (N-M.} by Sherwood- 
 Foreft, anciently bel. to the Crom- 
 wells, from whom it went by mar- 
 riage in the R. of Henry VI. to Sir 
 Richard Stanhope, and from thence 
 the fame way to the families of Haft- 
 ings and Wood, of whom the former 
 fold their moiety. 
 
 %. LANCASTER, (Lane.} iSycm. 
 a 32 mm. from London, ftands near 
 the mouth of the Lone, over which 
 it has a fine Hone bridge, K. John 
 
 confirmed to the burgefles all the li- 
 berties he had granted to thofe of 
 Briftol ; and Edvv. III. granted that 
 pleas and fefiions fliould be held here, 
 and no where elfe in the Co. It is 
 governed by a mayor, recorder, 7 aid. 
 2 bailiffs, 12 capital burgelTes, 12 com- 
 mon burgefies, a T. -clerk, and a fer- 
 jeants at mace. The affixes are held in 
 the caftle, where is alfo the Co.-eaol. 
 It trades to America with hard -ware 
 and woollen mfs. in vefTels of 70 tons. 
 They fay here was an ancient city that, 
 in 1322, was burnt to the ground by 
 the Scots. Here is a Mt. on W. by 
 grant, and another on 5. by prefcrip- 
 tion, befides one every other W. 
 throughout the Year, for cattle. Its 
 Fairs are April 20, June 24, and 
 Sept. 29. Many branches of the 
 royal family have enjoyed titles of 
 Baron, Earl, and D. derived from 
 this place. Edmund Crouchback's 
 grandfon, Henry, was in Pt. created 
 D. of Lancafter, (this being the fe- 
 cond Dukedom erefted In England, 
 as that of Cornwall was the firft, in 
 the perfon of Edward the Black 
 Prince.) He dying without iflue- 
 male, John of Gaunt, fourth fon of 
 Edw. III. who married his daughter 
 Blanch, was by his father created 
 D. of Lancafter, and the K. then 
 advanced the Co. of Lancafter into a 
 Palatinate, granting him a court of 
 chancery in the faid Co. Edw. IV. 
 appropriated it to the crown, after 
 having attainted Henry VI. but 
 Henry VII. broke this entail 5 and 
 fo, at this day, it has its peculiar 
 officers, as a chancellor, attorney, 
 &c. The caftle is not ancient nor 
 large, but fair and ftrong ; and it is 
 not very long ago, that, in digging 
 a cellar, there were found feveral 
 Roman utenfils and vefTels for facri- 
 fices, as alfo the coins of Roman 
 Emperors ; fo that it is not doubted 
 here was a Roman fortrefs. On the 
 top of the caftle is a fquare tower, 
 called John of Gaunt's Chair, from 
 whence there js a charming proipeit
 
 LA LA 
 
 of the adjacent country, and efpeci- conveniency of the officers of ord- 
 
 ally towards the fea, where is an ex- nance, engineers, and matroiTes ; and 
 
 tenfive view even to the Ifle of Man. a barrack is building for the foldiers, 
 
 Here is but one Ch. On the fide of whofe number is to be augmented, 
 
 the hill below it, hangs a piece of a Col. Cn.cherode is the governor. 
 Roman wall, called Wcry-v\ all. Here LANESBO^OUGH, (York. E. R.) 
 
 is a cuftom-houfe ; but the port is 6 m. from York, a noble feat of the 
 
 fo choaked with fand, that it will E. of Burlington (to whom it gives 
 
 not admit Ships of any considerable title of baron) whofe anceftor, Ri- 
 
 burthen. chard E. of Cork in Ireland, was by 
 
 LANCHESTER, (Durham) to the K. Cha. I. created Ld. Clifford of 
 N. W. of Durham, ftands in the Lanefborough. The late Elizabeth 
 Watlingftreet road, on the top of one Cfs. of Burlington founded and en- 
 hill overlooked by another, and was, dowed an almih. here, for 12 aged 
 no doubt, formerly a Roman ftation. perfons being decayed farmers. 
 It alfo appears by the ruins, to have LANGAR, (Notf.) on the Trent, 
 been much larger once than it is now, W. of Belvoir-Caftle, near St. Aubrey 
 and to have been walled round. Here and Barnefton, to which manors it 
 is a handfome Ch. w hich before the has been always united, formerly bel. 
 Ref. was endowed with a deanery and to the Scroops, till Emanuel Ld. 
 prebends. Scroop, in the R. of Cha. I. for want 
 
 LANCRAS, (Devon.) near Sheb- of iiTue, fettled it on his daughter, 
 
 bear, is almoft encompaiTed with rs. who carried it by marriage to John 
 
 was formerly the manor of the Beau- How (ad fon of Sir John How of 
 
 monts ; then of the BaiTets j from GlccefterShire) who imparked feveral 
 
 whom it went in marriage to a Pome- fields about his manor-houfe, and 
 
 joy. ftored it with deer ; and it was the 
 
 LANDGUARD-FORT feems tobel. feat of the late Vifc. How. K.John 
 to Suffolk, but is in the limits of Ef- lodged in this T. when he marched 
 fex, and has a lovely profpecl of the againit the Barons, 
 coafts of both Cos. It was creeled, 3 LANGBEAR, (Dev.) in the p. 
 and is maintained for the defence of of High-Haynton; tho' not a Mt.-T. 
 the port of Harwich over-againft it j by our maps, is faid, by Mr. Rifdon, 
 for it commands the entry of it, from to have a Mt. on F. and Fairs on 
 the fea up the Maningtree-water and Bartbolcnmv's and Simon and Judis- 
 will reach any ftip that goes in or out. days. After having been long in the 
 It is placed on a point of land, fo fur- Bretts family, it came to the Wifes. 
 rounded with the fea at high-water, LANGDON-WEST, (Kent] bet. 
 that it looks like alitdeifland at leaft Barham-Down and the fea, bel. to 
 1 m. from the Snore. The making its abbey ; but was granted by Q. 
 its foundation folid enough for fo good Eliz. to Sam. Thornhil of London, 
 a fortification coft many years labour, LANGDON-EAST, (Kent} on the 
 and a prodigious expence. It was N. fide of Dover-Caftle, bel. to the 
 built in the R. of K. James I. when Abps. of Canterbury, till they ex- 
 it was a much more considerable for- changed it with the monks of Chrift- 
 tification than now, having 4 bafh'ons church for the manor of Barham ; 
 mounted with 60 very large guns, but after the DiST. it was given by 
 particularly thofe on the royal baftion, K. Hen. VIII. to Mr. Thomas and 
 which would throw a 28 pound ball John Mafters of Sandwich, and has 
 ever Harwich. Here is a fmall gar- fmce been the feat of Sir Rob. Fur- 
 rifon, with a governor, and a platform nefe. 
 
 of guns. This fort is now (1749) re- LANGDON-HALL, (PFarto.) in 
 
 fitting and greatly enlarging, for the the- p, of Solihull, bel, formerly to 
 
 4 Weft.
 
 L A 
 
 L A 
 
 Weflnainfter- Abbey ; but after the 
 Diff. to Nich. Ridley, B P . of London. 
 Not long afterwards it came to John 
 Grefwould ; by whofe daughter it 
 paffed in marriage to Tho. Dabridg- 
 court j and it came afterwards to Al- 
 gernon Grevil, fon of the late Ld. 
 Brook. 
 
 LANGFORD, (Devon.) near Mod- 
 bery, did bel. to the Haftings Es. of 
 Huntingdon, who fold it to judge 
 Popham. 
 
 LANfiFORTH, or LANDFORD, 
 (No:r.) on the N. fide of Newark, 
 formerly bel. to the Pierpoints, ti'l 
 fold to Sir Fr. Leek, who afterwards 
 fold it to Geo. Talbot E. of Shrews- 
 bury. There is a moor here, which 
 did belong to the Kts. of St. John 
 of Jerufalem, but was granted by K. 
 Edw. VI. to Sir Edw. Fiennes, after- 
 wards Ld. Clinton and Say, Henry 
 Herefon, and their heirs ; and was 
 not very long ago purchafed by Dr. 
 More, and by him left to his nephew 
 Sir Ed. More, a Bt. of Nova-Scotia. 
 
 LANGHADERN, ( Cornw, ) bet. 
 Tregony and Trewardryth-Bay, was 
 the ancient feat of the Arundels, who 
 had one of the beft parks here in the 
 Co. 
 
 LANGHAM, (Rutl.) achapelryto 
 Okeham, had always, till the laft cen- 
 tury, the fameowneis, who were in the 
 R. of Hen. VIII. Thomas Ld. Crom- 
 well, and his defcendants j but his 
 grandfon Henry feparated it from 
 Okeham, in the R. of Q^Eliz. and 
 fettled it on his youngeft fon, and his 
 wife 5 by whom it was conveyed to 
 Sir And. Noel, the anceftor of the 
 E. of Gainfborough. 
 
 LANGLEY-ABBAT'S, (Hartf.) 
 3 m. S. W. of St. Alban's, to whofe 
 abbey it once bel. and 4 m. on the N. 
 fide of Watford. It was the birth- 
 place of Adrian IV. the only Englifli- 
 ir.an that was pope of Rome. It 
 being in the crown by the Difl". K. 
 James I. gave it to Fran. Combe, who 
 married the daughter of Tho. Green- 
 hill, but dying without ifiue, en- 
 dowed a fchool here, and deviled this 
 
 manor, &c. to Sidney-Coll. Cam- 
 bridge, and Trin. Coll. Oxford, for the 
 education of the defcendants of his own 
 and his wife's kindred for ever. Thefe 
 colleges afterwards demifed it to Tho. 
 and Will. Greenhill by leafes } by 
 virtue whereof, they and their heirs 
 were to hold the courts of this manor, 
 and to receive the rents and profits of 
 it. It gives title of baron to Ld. Ray- 
 mond, who has a feat at Langleybury 
 in the neighbourhood, on the W. fide 
 of the r. Gade, which was purchafed 
 by the late Ld. his father. 
 
 LANCLEY, (Devon.) in the p. of 
 High-Bickington, the manor of the 
 Pollards ; to whofe family it oome 
 by marriage of the heirefs of the Brit- 
 tons. 
 
 LANGLEY, (Oxf.) on the edge of 
 the foreft of Whichvvood, was, it is 
 faid, once the feat of K. John. Here 
 is a remarkable quarry of hard ftone 
 of the teftaceous kind, which receives 
 a very good polifli, and with which 
 the late E. of Clarendon paved his 
 chapel at Cornbury. It is thought to 
 make the beft lime. 
 
 LANGLEY, ( V/ariu. ) near Cla- 
 verdon ; to whofe Ch. it is a chapel 
 of eafe, though it anciently bel. to the 
 Ch. of Wottcn Waven. 
 
 LANGLEY, (Warw.} in the p. of 
 Sutton-Colfield, bel. a good while to 
 the Beresfords, and the family of 
 Hore ; from which it went by mar- 
 riage to that of Pudfey, w ho enjoyed 
 it in 1640 ; but it came sfterwards to 
 Will. Jeffon, Efq; by marriage with 
 the heirefs of Henry Pudfey, who 
 died in 1677. 
 
 LANGLEY-KING'S, (Hartf.) on 
 the W. fide of the r. Bulbourn or 
 the Hunton, as Abbats-Langley is on 
 the E. had once a royal palace built 
 by Hen. III. K. Edw. III. gave the 
 manor to a priory here. K. Rich. II. 
 and his Q._with many of the nobility, 
 kept a Chriftmas here ; and in its 
 mon. he was buried, though after- 
 wards removed to Weflminfter by K. 
 Hen. V. Here was alfo born and 
 buried Edmund D. of York (fon of 
 Edw.
 
 L A 
 
 L A 
 
 dw. III.) called Edmund of Lang- 
 ley ; and here were buried many 
 others of that family. K. Hen. VII. 
 fettled the manor and park on his Q. 
 Catherine, as did Hen. VIII. on his 
 Q._Ann. K. James I. fettled the 
 fcite of the mon. upon Edw. Newport 
 and John Compton; after which it 
 defcended to William Houlker, by 
 whofe heirs the buildings of it were 
 all demolifhed. The palace, park, 
 and manor, were given by K. Jam. I. 
 to his eldeft (on Pi. Henry ; and after 
 his deceafe to Pr. Charles his only 
 furviving fon, who, when on the 
 throne, leafed the park to Sir Cha. 
 Morifon for 09 years ; and after that 
 term to Sir Baptift Hicks, his heirs 
 and afligns, for ever. The manor 
 pafled through divers hands to Tho. 
 Houlker of London ; whofe fon foW 
 h to Henry Smith, whofe fon did 
 lately, if he does not ftill, pofiefs it. 
 
 LANGPORT, (Kent] in the p. of 
 Lyd, be), in the R. of Edw. III. to a 
 family named Ikin ; but was alienated 
 ibcn after to Sir John Hand's family, 
 who fold it to Sir Henry Belknap ; 
 after whofe fon's death without male- 
 heirs, it was divided bet. the daugh- 
 ters into three parts, of which two 
 were fold to Mr. Godfrey, and one to 
 Sir Chrift. Man of Canterbury. New 
 Langport in the fame p. bel. once to 
 Mr. Writtle, who fold it to Mr. Fet- 
 typlace of Oxfordshire ; by whom it 
 was alienated to Tho. James, who 
 forfeiting it to the crown, K. Jam. J. 
 granted it to John Ld. Haddington, 
 vrho foon conveyed it to one Mr.Crop- 
 Jey of London. 
 
 f^ LANGPORT, (Som.} too cm. 
 129 mm. from London, is a well fre- 
 quented T. on the Parrot, bet. Bridg- 
 water and Crewkern. It formerly 
 gave title of Baron to Charles Vifc. 
 Fitzhartling, and fent members to 
 three Pts. 'Tis governed by a port- 
 reeve, and a recorder. Here are light- 
 ers conftantly fetching coals, jTr. 
 from Bridgwater ; and it is a ftage 
 for the Taunton waggon, which drops 
 the goods here from London, to be 
 
 carried farther by water. 'Tis ob- 
 ferved in the Ptilefopbical Tranfac- 
 ticns, that eels are taken in vaft plenty 
 out of the holes of die banks of us r. 
 in frofty weather. The Mt. here is 
 S. the Fairs on the sd M. in l.cnt, 
 June ag, Sept. 34, and N'-<v. 1 1. 
 
 LANCTCN-HALL , or LODGE, 
 (JWr.) in Sherwood-Foreft, was the 
 feat of the Langtons ; to whom it 
 was granted by the Ruddingtons, who 
 had it from the Stotevilles>. In the 
 R.of Hen.VlII. it came, by marriage 
 of Langton's heirefs, to Chrift. fjtz- 
 Randolph, in whofe family rt conti- 
 nued till a few years ago. Some of 
 the lands in this p. which were given 
 to the priory of Felley, were granted 
 by Hen. VIII. to Will. Berners, and 
 his heirs. 
 
 LANGWORTH, (Nctt.) in the p. 
 of Cokeney, to theS.W. of Workfop, 
 was fettled on the abbey of Welbeck ; 
 and after the Diff. granted to the 
 Pierpoints. 
 
 LANHARN, (Cormv.} the ancient 
 feat of the Arundels, N. W. of 
 Coiumb-Magna, near St. Gecrge's- 
 Channel. There is a hill rear it, 
 with a ramp-ire on the top of it, 
 where the Danes encamped, whea 
 they preyed upon the Englifh coaft. 
 
 LAN KEY, (De-vcm.) near Barnfta- 
 ple, was formerly the eftate of Wil- 
 liam Ld. Howard, of Effingham ; 
 whofe daughter Agnes, the Marthio- 
 nefs of Winchefter, gave it to Sir 
 Tho. Dennis, who marrkd her daugh- 
 ter. 
 
 LANTF.RDEN, (Salop] near the 
 conflux ofthcrs. Temd andColun,not 
 far from Munflow ; where are 2 tur- 
 icws, in which were found, not long 
 ago, burnt bones and afhes ; and in 
 the neighbourhood is a perfedl Roman 
 camp, called Brandon, and a Brhifli 
 camp, called Coxall. 
 
 LANTHOSV, (Gloc.} near Glo- 
 cefter city, has feme ruins of a priory ; 
 the fcite of which was granted by K. 
 Hen. VIII. to Sir ArthrPetie, whofe 
 daughter carried theeftate by marrir.ge 
 to the family of Scudamore, who 
 have
 
 L A 
 
 L A 
 
 have a feat here rebuilt by the late of Surry ; from whom it was parted 
 
 Ld. Scudamore. This hamlet is 5 m. next year to John Allington of Weft- 
 
 ia com. by the Severn. ley in Cambridge/hire, whofe fon, 
 
 LAPFOSD, (Di-von.) on the S. E. Rob. Allington, fold it in 1570 to 
 
 fide of Chumleigh, be), anciently to Tho. Lovell. His fuccefior, Sir Fr. 
 
 the St. Johns ; from whom it went Love'.l, conveyed it to John Lang- 
 
 by marriage to Arundel of Trerice, worth, &c . and they to Rob. Hough- 
 
 and from thence to the Bagots of ten of Shelton. In i68z it was 
 
 Staffordfhire. mortgaged by Cha. Houghton to Sir 
 
 LAPLEY, (Staff.) on the S. W. Edw. Hungevford ; then to Paul Jod- 
 
 fide of Penkridge, had a priory for- rell ; and about 1723 it was conveyed 
 
 meily, which was a cell to the abbey to Rich. Sturgeon ; and fince that to 
 
 of Rheims in France. The Lp. Sir Edm. Bacon, of Garboldiflum, Bt. 
 
 which bel. to it, was given by K. This place is afiefled at 280 /. 10 . 
 
 Hen. VIII. to Sir Righ. Matters, to the land-tax. The dwelling houfes 
 
 Here was the feat of Rich. Brook, are about zz, and the inh. 150. The 
 
 EAjj ad fon of Sir Robt. Brook, Ld. Ch. and chancel are thatched, and 
 
 Ch.-Juft. of the common-pleas in the there are but 3 bells in its tower. 
 
 beginning of the laft century. LASSINGTON, (Glee.) near Glo- 
 
 LAPWORTH, (Wariu.\ ontheE. cefter. On a hill near it are found 
 
 fide of Umberlhde, bel. formerly to thofe called Aftroites, or Star-ftones, 
 
 the Cateftys ; which being forfeited becaufe they are flat, and fine pointed 
 
 by Will. Catciby's attainder in the R. like a ftar. They are as broad as 
 
 of Hen. VII. was granted by that K. a filver penny, as thick as a half- 
 
 to Sir James Blount, and his heirs ; crown ; and when put into vinegar, 
 
 but was loon reftored to his fon ; have a peculiar quality of motion. 
 
 \vhofe defendant fold it to Sir Edw. LATCHED, (Devon.} in the p. of 
 
 Grevil, who fold it to Sir Tho. Holt, Whitfton, formerly the Ld. Gray's 
 
 who was attainted for being an accom- manor, fince purchafed by Mr. Hatch. 
 
 plice in the gunpowder treafon. In the LA T c H F OR D, (Oxf.) in the p. of 
 
 manor of Bromehall in this p. bel. to Great-Hafeley, bel. formerly to the 
 
 Mr. Fr. Chernock, are the remains Pipards ; from whom it came to the 
 
 of a Roman fortification, called Har- Lenthals. 
 
 borough-Banks. LATHAM, (Lane.) in the neigh- 
 
 LABERICK, (Lane.) near Prefton, bourhood of Coal-Pits, and nearOrm- 
 ha* a chalybeat fpring, whofe water fkirk, was the feat of the Stanleys, 
 is extremely cold ; and upon immer- Es. of Derby ; whofe anceftor, Sir 
 fjng a hand into it, it grows imme- John, married the fole heirefs of Sir 
 dtately red, and is excefiively painful. Tho. de Latham, who brought him 
 Fifhes of feveral forts, that have been this feat, and a large eftate. The 
 put into it, expired inftantly after one manor-houfe was defended fo gallantly 
 effort. by Charlotte Cfs. of Derby, againft 
 
 LARKBEARE, (Devon.) not far the Pt. forces, that they were forced 
 from S'.lverton, bel. anciently to the to abandon it ; though afterwards 
 Phippards, and palled by marriage to they took it, and laid it almoft level 
 the E. of Warwick. with the ground. In the park here 
 
 LARLINGFORD, (Norf.) on the is a mineral water, or fpaw, called 
 N. fide of Eaft-Herling, rtands in the Maudlin's- Well, which is a chaly- 
 great port-road from London to Nor- beat, and has wrought notable cures, 
 wich, and has its name from its ford It was walled in and covered, at the 
 over the r. The manor bel. formerly expence of Charles iate E. of Derby, 
 to Rulhworth-College, and after the Though it is remote from the fea, or 
 Dill, was granted in 1541 to the . any lalt rs. it ufed to caft up marine 
 
 ftelk
 
 L A 
 
 L A 
 
 fnells in fuch quantities, that they be- 
 came troubkfome to the drinkers, till 
 it was prevented by laying miil-ftones 
 on the fpring, that hindered the fand 
 and (hells from boiling up fo high as 
 formerly. Sir Tho. Bootle has a 
 magnificent feat here. An oil is ex- 
 tracted from a bituminous earth here, 
 \vhich prefer ves raw fleih, and ferves 
 the country people inftead of candles. 
 
 LATHESLEY, (Surry) on the 
 S. W. fide of Guildford, is a feat of 
 the ancient family of the More's, in 
 the middle of a fine deer-park, which 
 was built about the time of Hen. VII. 
 The red-ftraw wheat, much the fame 
 with that of Suffex, is produced here- 
 abouts, and in all Low Surry. 
 
 LATIMERS, (Bucks') a hamlet, 
 with a chapel of eafe to Chefliam, 
 had the name from its ancient Lds. 
 Here lived Sir Edwyn Sands, whofe 
 daughter having 4 fons and 9 daughters 
 by her hufband Sir Tho. Temple, 
 anceftor of the piefent Ld. Cobham, 
 lived to fee 700 defcended from her, 
 and died in 1656. Here is a feat of 
 Ld. James Cavendifl). 
 
 f^ 3 LAVEXHAM, or LANHAM, 
 (Sujf.) 52 cm. 61 mm. from Lon- 
 don, is a pleafant and pretty large 
 T. on a branch of the r. Bret, from 
 whence it rifes gradually to the top 
 of a hill, where are its Ch. and a 
 fpacious market-place, encompalTed 
 with 9 ilreets, or divifions, in a very 
 healthy air. It had formerly a very 
 confiderable trade in blue cloth, and 
 had 3 guilds, or companies, witii 
 each their hall. I: has ilill a con- 
 fiderable mf. of ferges, fhalloofc, 
 fays, fluffs, and fpinning fine yarn 
 for London ; and many hundred loads 
 of wool are delivered in a year from 
 its wool-hall. It is governed by fix 
 capital burgefles, who are for life, 
 and chufe the inferior officers. Mr. 
 Tho. Spring, the rich clothier, an- 
 ceftor of Sir William the prefent Bt. 
 if he was not born, got his eftate 
 here. The Church, and its fteepie, 
 which is 137 feet high, are reckon' d 
 
 the fineft in the Co. the two pews 
 in it bel. to the Earls of Oxford and 
 the Springs, whofe anceftors rebuilt 
 it in the R. of Henry VI. are hardly 
 to be equalled by any in K. Henry 
 the Seventh's Chapel at Weflmintfer. 
 The arms of both families are en- 
 graven on feverai of the arches, and 
 in the Ch. is the aforefaid Mr. Tho. 
 Spring's ftatue in brafs. Its tenor 
 bell, though not much mere than a 
 ton, has as deep a note as a bell of 
 twice that weight. Here is a fr. fc. 
 and a Bridewell, part of which is a 
 workhoufe, where the peer children, 
 &c . of the p. are employed in fpin- 
 ning hemp, flax, and yarn j befides 
 which, here are other confiderable 
 charities. Both the T. and manor 
 were the ancient inheritance of the 
 Veres Earls of Oxford ; but the late 
 Ld. of the manor was Sir Simonds 
 D'Eves. The tenants of the manor, 
 and the other inh. were always 
 exempted from ferving at any court 
 held for its H. They have that te- 
 nure of land here which is called 
 Borough Er.gV.Jk. Its Mt. is on Tu. 
 znd on 7*. for wool. Its Fair, which 
 is on Sept. 2,0, is in fpecial repute 
 for good butter and cheele. King 
 Eciw. I. granted it a Fair at Wlii- 
 fintide, which has long been dif- 
 ufed. 
 
 LAUGHTON, (Suffix) on the E. 
 fide of Ringmer, though it bel. an- 
 ciently to the Veres Earls of Oxford, 
 has for many ages been the manor 
 and feat of the Pelham family, and 
 gives title of Baron to the D. of 
 Newcaftle. 
 
 LAUGHTON, (Tort. W. R.) near 
 Rock-Abbev, has a Ch. whofe tower 
 and fpire, for their delicacy and jull 
 proportion, are not excelled by any 
 Gothic piece of the kind. It (lands 
 on a high hill, like that at Harrow 
 in Middlefex. The height of the 
 fteepie to the weather-cock is 195 
 feet, and it is feen from many places 
 40, 50, and 60 m. The Duke of 
 Leeds, whofe feat is at Kiveton, 
 3
 
 L A 
 
 L A 
 
 3 m. off, has cut a vifta through 
 the woods in his park, to take this 
 fteeple into his view. 
 
 L A V IX G T O N-B I S H O V S, 01 
 
 WEST, (Wilts) near Market-La- 
 vingtcn, was many generations the 
 Lp. of the Danvcrs's and Dantfeys, 
 two of whom founded and endowed 
 the fr. fc. and almfhs. here. From 
 thele families it parted by marriage 
 to Sir Henry Lee, whofe daughter 
 carried it in marriage to Montague 
 Earl of Abingdon. Here is a very 
 pleafant feat, with a park, grotto, 
 
 TNG TON-EAST, (Wilts) 
 4 m. S. of the Devizes, 73 cm. 
 87 mm. from London, is called in 
 our old hiftories Stepul-Lavington, 
 but now Cheaping or Market-La- 
 vington, on account of its Markets, 
 which are on M. and W. the laft a 
 great corn Mt. It is fuppofed to 
 have been a Mt. T. above zoo years. 
 This manor came as the former to 
 Montagae Earl of Abingdon. Here 
 is a ch. fc. for 36 children, who have 
 books given them, and the girls are 
 taught to knit and few. 
 
 if. LAUNCESTON, (Cornw.) on 
 the Tamar, 175 cm. loS mm. from 
 London, is alfo called Dunhivid, from 
 its fituation on a down. K. Hen. III. 
 made it a free Bor. It was ccmpofed 
 before of two other Bor. viz. Dun- 
 hivid and Newport. It has been the 
 place for chuling Kts. of the fhire 
 ever fince the R. of K. Edw. I. and 
 the aflizes T. ever fince Richard II. 
 till by a late a& of Pt. the Ld. Chan. 
 or Ld. keeper, was impowered to 
 nr.me any other place in the Co. for 
 it j fince which, the fummer afiizes 
 have been held at Bodmyn. It was 
 incorporated by Q._Mary in 1555. 
 Jt is governed by a mayor, recorder, 
 and 8 aid. has a fr. fc. which was 
 founded by Q._Eliz. is a populous 
 trading T.'and gives title of Vifc. to 
 the Prince of Wales, of whom the 
 manor is held in fee-farm, it having 
 been vefted in the eMeft tons of the 
 K&. of England ever fince Ricluid II, 
 
 Its Mts. are on Tb. and S. and its 
 Fairs at Wbitfintide, May I, Mid. 
 fummer, Catb:rine-tide, and St. Lea- 
 narcft. In the 32d of Henry VIII. 
 an at was made for the repair of 
 this and other decayed Cornifti Bor?. 
 and it endowed this T. with the pri- 
 vileges of a fancluary, though it does 
 not appear to have ufed them. It 
 had a mon. and a noble caftle, which, 
 becaufe of its ftrength, was called 
 Caftle-terrible, and was given by K. 
 Rich. I. to his brother, afterwards 
 K. John. Here are two ch. fcs. for 
 48 children of both fexes, where the 
 girls are taught to knit, few, and 
 make bonelace, and are allowed what 
 they earn. Leland fay?, it \vas walled 
 in his time, and I m. in com. Its 
 lift of burgellis commences in the 
 23d of Edw. I. The lower part of 
 its ancient caftle is made ufe of for 
 the gaol. 
 
 LA UN s DON, (Sam.) en the N. 
 fide of Bath, towards Monkton- 
 Farley, which was formerly called 
 Badon-Hill, is the place where the 
 battle was fought, in July 1643, bet. 
 K. Cha. I's army and the Pt. army 
 under Sir Will. Waller, when Sir 
 Bevil Grenvil was flain, in memory 
 of whofc fidelity his fon, Sir John 
 Grenvil, was created Ld. Launfdon ; 
 and the late Ld. caufed a ftately mo- 
 nument to be ereded on the very 
 fpot where he was killed, recording 
 the action. On the N. W, fide of 
 this plain arc dug a fort of head- 
 flcncs, called lyas, which are blue 
 and white, and poliihable. 
 
 LA WFORD-CHURCH, ( Waric. ) 
 on the Dove, N. W. of Hill Mor- 
 ton, being forfeited to the crown in 
 the R. of Q^Mary by Henry D. of 
 Suffolk, flic gave it to Mr. Baily, 
 who foon alienated it to Tho. Lcijh, 
 aid. of London, whofe deftendant, 
 Francis Ld. Du.nfmore, enjoyed it io 
 1 640, as he did alfo 
 
 LONG-LAWFORD, in its p. which 
 
 bel. to the mon. of Pipwell till the 
 
 Dill", when Edw. VI. gave it to John 
 
 Gietn of Weftminfter, and Hilj-U 
 
 D ii lUU
 
 L A 
 
 TO 
 
 L E 
 
 Hall of London, from whofe defcen- 
 dants it parted to this Ld. 
 
 LAV. FORD - PAR VA, ( Wariv, ) 
 near Rugby, bel. formerly to the 
 Crafts, but has been for 300 years 
 paft in the family of the Brough- 
 lons. 
 
 ST. LAWRENCE, (Kent} in the 
 Jfle of Thanet, was anciently the 
 .eftate of the Ellingtons, Maunftons, 
 St. Nicholas's, and Criols, and lately 
 of the Spraklins, Monins, and John- 
 fon. 
 
 LAXTON, (Nort&amf.) on the b. 
 of the foreft of Rockingham, where 
 lands are held by the fervice of hunt- 
 ing in all the K's forefts and parks 
 throughout Oxfordshire, Bucks, and 
 Huntingdonshire, and this Co. to de- 
 flroy all the vermin. The Ld. Car- 
 bery has a feat here. 
 
 LAXTON, or LEXINT OK, (AVff.) 
 on the S. fide of Tuxford, not far 
 from the Idle, was made a Barony 
 by K. John, and gives the title of 
 Baron to the family of Sutton. It 
 bel. formerly to the family of Ever- 
 ingham, from which it went by mar- 
 riage to Sir John Etton, and from 
 his fon by marriage to. John Roos, 
 from one of family which it was pur- 
 chafed by Sir Brian Broughton, Bt. 
 
 LAYDON, or LEYSDON, (Kent) 
 in the Ifle of Shepey, bel. to the 
 cathedral of Canterbury. Its inh. 
 were privileged formerly to fet up 
 wears any where (for which they 
 paid a duty) to catch hlh, till it was 
 forbidden, by Magna Charta, to fet 
 them on the Thames, or Medway, 
 or elfewhere, except on the fea- 
 coaft. 
 
 LAYER-MARNEY, (E/ex) fo 
 called from the Marneys, its ancient 
 Lds. of whom feveral are intombed 
 in its Ch. It pafled from them by 
 marriage to the Ratcliffs and How- 
 ards, from whom it went to the 
 Tryons ; and was the manor of the 
 late Nich. Corfellis, Efq;. 
 
 y^* LA YSfOFF.OrLoWESTOF, 
 
 ISitjf.} 94 cm. 112 mm. from Lon- 
 don, is aT. which feems to hang over 
 
 the fea. The chief bufmefs here Is 
 fifhing for cod in the N. Sea, and 
 for herring, mackarei, and fprats, at 
 home. The Ch. being 3 furlongs off, 
 here is a chapel. This place, having 
 been a part of the ancient dernefnes 
 of the crown, has a charter and a 
 T. feal, by the former of which, 
 the inh. are exempted from ferving 
 on juries. Here is a Mt. on W. Fairs 
 May i, and Sept, 29. Some take 
 this to be the moft eaflern part of 
 Britain. 
 
 LAYSTON, (Hartf.) near Bun- 
 tingford, of which it is the mother 
 Ch. was erected by the Saxons above 
 I m. E. of Afpeden, where nothing 
 remains now but the Ch. The ma- 
 nor was formerly called Corneybury, 
 and bel. to Hugh Tricket, who gave 
 it to Trinity-Ch. London, when it 
 had the grant of a Mt. on Tu. and a 
 Fair at Bartbohmetu-tide for 8 days. 
 Upon the Dill'. K. Hen. VIII. granted 
 the manor to Sir Tho. Audley, Kt. 
 Chan, of England. In the R. of 
 Philip and Mary, it bel. to Henry 
 Dudley, whole widow carried it by 
 marriage to Thomas D. of Norfolk, 
 who fold it to John Crowch, citizen 
 of London, one of whcfe defcendants, 
 in 1690, fold it to Ralph Hawkins, 
 citizen and brewer of London, whofe 
 fon, John, inherited it in 172.8, The 
 r. Rib rifes in the neighbourhood ; 
 and here is the prefent poft-road from 
 London to the North. 
 
 LEA, or LEA MARSTON,(?Far.) 
 on the N. fide of Cole/hill, bel. in 
 the R. of Edw. III. to Sir Baldwin 
 Frevil, and in that of Hen. VI. it 
 came to Tho. Ferrers, in whofe line 
 it continued, till the beginning of 
 the R. of K. Cha. I. when Sir John 
 Ferrers, Kt. fold it to Cha. Adderley, 
 Efqj who was afterwards knighted. 
 
 LEAK, E. and W. (Ato.) bet. 
 Loughborough and Nottingham, bel. 
 formerly to a family of that name, 
 who came to be Earls of Scarfdale, 
 from which it paiTed to thofe of 
 Fouk, Buggs, and Armftrong, who 
 fold them to Earth, Rag and George 
 Bird.
 
 L E 
 
 L E 
 
 Bird. The former is now the feat 
 of Sir Tho. Parkyns, Bt. the latter 
 the manor of Evelyn-Chadwick. 
 
 83" LEARMOUTH, (Northumb.) 
 241 cm. 326 rnm. from London, is 
 on the bank of the Tweed, in the 
 Barony of Wark, and the manor of 
 the Earl of Tankervile. It is a hand- 
 fome T. to which the Maps, &c. 
 have given a Mt. but don't name 
 the day. 
 
 LEATON, (Staff.) not far from 
 Wolverhampton, where, in a field 
 that bel. to Mr. Townley, lead-ore 
 is dug in a yellowifh ftone, with 
 cawk and fpar, which the workmen 
 diftingii'lh into round -ore, fmall-ore, 
 and fmithum, and which is fold to 
 the potters at Burflem for 6 or 7 /. 
 a ton. 
 
 (^ LEDBVRY, (Heref.) 99 cm. 
 1 18 mm. from London, a fine well- 
 built T. near the S. end of Malvern- 
 Hills, is noted for cloihiers, and has 
 a well endowed hof. betides a ch. fc. 
 for 23 children. Its Mt. is on Tu. 
 Fairs May r, June 1 i, and Sept. 21. 
 
 LED SHAM, (rorkjh. W. R.) a 
 hamlet of Leeds. Ledfham-Hall, the 
 manor- hoiife, was the feat of the 
 Hjrebrods, one of whom, who was 
 clerk of the Mt. in Ireland under 
 the Ld. -deputy Strafford, fold it to 
 Sir Richard Saltonftall in the R. of 
 Cha. I. and his grandaughter carried 
 it by marriage to Tho. Harley, bro- 
 ther to the late Ld.-treafurer. Here 
 is an hof. built by Sir Jchn Lewis, 
 and endowed by him with 10 /. a 
 year e?.ch for 10 aged people, who 
 have each of them two rooms and a 
 garden. 
 
 LEDSTON-HALL, (York. W.R.) 
 S. W. of Sherburn, was the feat of 
 the Withams for divers fucceifions, 
 till one of them fold it to Sir Tho. 
 Wentworth, afterwards Earl of Sri af- 
 ford, who made it a ftately edifice ; 
 but the late Ear), William, fold it 
 to Sir John Lewis above-mentioned, 
 who walled in the park, and tmilt a 
 ftately lodge, from which there is a 
 profpedt of York minfter, &C , An 
 
 heirefs of Sir John being married td 
 the Earl of Huntingdon, it is now 
 the feat of Ld. Haftings. Here arc 
 feveral noted quarries of ftone. 
 
 LEDWELI., (Oxf.) near Dedding- 
 ton, was formerly the manor and ieat 
 of Ld. Carrington, and now of Cha. 
 Armand Pawlet ; and is noted for a 
 fine fand for the making of glafs. 
 
 LEE-GRANGE, (Effl-x) alfo 
 called Affienden, is a hamlet of 
 Qiiainton, and was anciently a farm 
 of the abbot of Tame. 
 
 (f> LEEDS, (Yorkjb. W. R. ) 
 139 cm. 181 mm. from London, 
 has a magnificent ftone-bridge over 
 the r. Aire to the fuburbs. It was 
 incorporated by K. Charles I. with a 
 chief aid. 9 burgefies, and 20 al- 
 fiftants ; and by Charles II. w,th a 
 mayor, 12 aid. and 24 afiiitants . It 
 has been a long time famous for the 
 woollen mf. and is one of the largeft 
 and rnoft flourifhing Ts. in the Co. 
 yet had but one Ch. till the R. of 
 Charles I. when John Harrifon, Efq; 
 a native,, and deputy to the chief aid. 
 Sir John Savil, built another in 1634., 
 at his own coft, and endowed it with 
 80 /. a year, and io/. to keep it in 
 repair, to which he added a houfe for 
 the minifter. He alfo founded aa 
 hofpital here, for relief of the poor 
 who had been honeft and indultnous, 
 and endowed it with 80 /. a year, 
 befides 10 /. a year for a mailer to 
 read prayers, and inftrucl them. He 
 alfo built a fr. fc. to which Mr. 
 Lawfon, mayor of the T. in 1669, 
 added a library. He likewife ereded 
 a ftately market-crofs. Hera is a 
 long flreet full of fhops or ftandingt, 
 with piles of cloth for the Mt. The 
 merchants of this place, York, and 
 Hull, /hip them ofFat the latter, for 
 Holland, Hamburgh, and the North. 
 After ringing of the Mt. bell at Six 
 or Seven in the morning, the chap- 
 men come into the Mt. and match 
 their patterns, when they treat for 
 the cloth with a whifper, becaufe the 
 clothiers ftandings are fo near each 
 other 5 and perhaps 20,000 /. worth 
 D d 2 of
 
 L E 
 
 L E 
 
 f cloth is fold in an hour's time. 
 At half an hour after Eight the bell 
 rinys again, when the clothiers and 
 their chapmen go off with their tref- 
 felf, and make room for the linen- 
 drapers, hard-ware-men , fhce-ma- 
 kers, fruiterers, &c. At the fame 
 time the fliambles are well ftcred 
 \vith all forts of fifli and fieih j and 
 500 horfe-loads of apples have been 
 counted here in a day. There is a 
 magnificent hall, where they alfo fell 
 great quantities of white clcth ; and 
 here is a noble guild-hall, with a fine 
 marble ftatue of Q._Anne, creeled by 
 aid. Milr.er, about the year 1-14. 
 Its r. being navigable by boats, they 
 fend other goods, befides their cloth, 
 to Wakefield, York, and Hull, and 
 furnifh York with coals. There is 
 a houfe called Red-Kail, becauie it 
 was the firft brick-building in the T. 
 creeled by Mr. Metcalf, an aid. of 
 Leeds ; and K. Cha. I. had an apart- 
 ment in it, which is ever fmce called 
 the King's-chamber. There is an- 
 other place called Tower-Hill, on. 
 which there was once a tower ; be- 
 fides which, there was a caftle which 
 K. Stephen befieged, in his march to 
 Scotland. Here was alfo a park, 
 where are now inclofures. There is 
 a workhoufe hereof free-ftone, built 
 by aid. Sykes in 1699, where poor 
 children are taught to mix wool, and 
 pei form other eafy branches of that 
 tnf. and a part of it has been ufed 
 many years as an hof. for the recep- 
 tion of the aged poor. Here are three 
 almfhs. built by Mr. Lancelot Ivefon, 
 vho was mayor here in 1695, and 
 a ch. fcs. of blue-coat boys, to the 
 number of 100. In the cieling of 
 St. Peter's, its only parochial Ch. 
 the delivery of the Law to Mofes is 
 finely painted in frefco by Parmen- 
 tier." It fe a venerable free-ftone pile, 
 built in the cathedral fashion, and 
 feems to have been the patch-work 
 of feveral ages. There is a Preiby- 
 terian meeting here, erected in 1691, 
 called the New-Chapel, whkh is the 
 fcuelieft, if not the oldeir, of that 
 
 denomination in the N. of England j 
 and in the T. and its fuburbs are fe- 
 veral other meeting- houfes, as is al- 
 ways obfeived in Ts. of great trade 
 and mf. In the R. of K. Will. III. 
 it firft gave title of Duke to the fa- 
 mily of Ofborn 5 and it is noted for 
 fome medicinal fprings, one of which, 
 called St. Peter's, is an extreme cold 
 one, and has been very beneficial ia 
 rheumatifms, rickets, &c. Its Mts. 
 are Tu. and S. and the Mt. laws are 
 more fti icily obferved here than any 
 where. 
 
 LEEDS, (Kent} on the Len, near 
 Maidfton, had formerly a caftle and 
 an abbey or priory, where are now 
 the feats of Lds. Colepeper and Fair- 
 fax, and Sir Roger Meredith, Bt. 
 K. Edward II. beheged and took it, 
 when it was treacheroufly fortified 
 againft him by Bartholomew Ld. Bad- 
 lefmere. to whom he had given it. 
 
 ff^> LEEK, (Stafcrd.) 116 cm. 
 137 mm. from London, lies amongft 
 th barren moor-hr.ds, has a mf. of 
 buttons, a Mt. en W. and a Fair 
 April 3, and is of note for its excel- 
 lent a'e. Its manor was formerly 
 abbey-knd. In Eiue-Hills in the 
 neighbourhood are coal-mines j and 
 a fait ftream comes from thence, 
 which tinges the ftcnes and earth 
 through which it runs with a rufty 
 colour, and, with the infuficn of 
 gails, turns as black as ink. Here 
 are rocks of a moft furprizing height, 
 without any turf or mould upon 
 them. 
 
 LXEK.WOTTON, (Wariu.) en a 
 hill, near StoneSey and Wedgnock- 
 Park, is new, or was lately, in the 
 pofieflion of Ld. Leifh of Stoneley, 
 for the ufe of whofe great-grand- 
 father, Sir Thomas Leigh, aid. of 
 London, the faid Sir Rowland pwr- 
 chafed it of the crown in the R. of 
 Q. Mary I. 
 
 LEE-LODGE, (Rutl.) in Lifield- 
 Foreft, near Martinfthorp, was a 
 msnor bel. to the Chefeldines in the 
 R. of Edward II. and afterward? to 
 the Hastings Earls ef Huntingdon ; 
 but
 
 L E 
 
 Int in the R. of Q^Eliz. was pur- 
 chafed by Sir James Harrington, and 
 in that of James I. by Sir Edw. Noel. 
 >(c LEICESTER, (Leic.) 78cm. 
 98 mm. from London, is vvafhed on 
 the W. and N. fides by the r. Soar, 
 and frar.ds on the Roman military- 
 way, called the Forte, where Roman 
 coins, medals, and other antiquities, 
 have often been difcovered. In the 
 Saxon heptarchy, when it was the 
 chief city of the Mercian Km. it 
 was the'See of a Bp. which being 
 removed after a fucctffion of eight 
 prelates, it fell to decay ; but, anna 
 914, it was repaired, and fortified 
 with new walls, by the Lady Ethel- 
 fleda, when, Matthew Paris fays, it 
 became a rr.oft wealthy T. and had 
 32 p. Chs. but, for rebellion again!! 
 Hen. IT. it was befieged and taken, 
 the'caftledifmantled, and the walls 
 thrown down. Here was a collegiate 
 Ch. &c, in the times of popery, 
 which, at the Ref. was demolished. 
 A Pt. was held here in the R. of 
 Hen. V. wherein the flirt law was 
 made for burning heieticks. In the 
 civil wars the aimy of K. Charles I. 
 took this Tt by ftorm, and Sir Tho. 
 Fairfax foon retook it. It is the 
 Lirgcft, bert built, and moft populous 
 T. in the fliire. Its Corp. con.lfts of 
 a mayor, recorder, fteward, bailiff, 
 24 a)(L 48 C. C. a town-clerk, &c. 
 and it had its firft charter from K. 
 J.ohn, and its- freemen are toll-free 
 at air the Mrs. and Fairs in England. 
 'Its Mt. on 5. is one of the greateft 
 in England for provifions, efpecially 
 corn and cattle. Ite Fairs are Palm- 
 Sunday cvc, May I, June 24, Stf- 
 ttmber 29, and Dec. 8. In the high- 
 fticet there is an exquifite piece of 
 workmanftiip, in form of our Sa- 
 viour's crofs. Here are 6 ps. though 
 but 5 Chs. An hof. that was built 
 here for 100 poor fick men and wo- 
 men by Henry the tint. Duke of Lan- 
 cafter, who was interred in it, con- 
 tinues in a tolerable ftate, being fup- 
 ported by fome revenues of the Duchy 
 of Lanu.lcr, and it is capabk of 
 
 L E 
 
 maintaining 100 patients 5 but the 
 moft rtately edifice here of this kind 
 now, is the hof. built in the R. cf 
 Hen. VJU. and endowed by Sir Wiii. 
 Wigifton, a merchant of the llapie 
 in this T. for 12 men and as mar.y 
 women, which has a chapel and a 
 library, for the life of the minifterj 
 and fcholars of the T. and there is 
 another near the abbey for 6 widows*. 
 Here is a ch. fc. The inh. have 
 greatly improved the mf. of ftock- 
 ings, of which vaft quantities are 
 wove by frames, in this and many 
 other neighbouring places ; fo th it in 
 fome years it has returned 60, coo /. 
 in that article. Before the caftle 
 was difmantled, it was a prodigious 
 building, it being the court # the 
 great Duke of Lancafter, who ac'.iied 
 26 acres to it, which he inclofed 
 with a high wall, and called it his 
 A'wum Of us, now the Newark, 
 where are the beft houfes in or near 
 Leicefter ; and they ftill continue 
 extra-parochial, as being under caftle* 
 guard, by an old grant from the 
 crown. Its hall and kitchen are ftUl 
 entire, the former of which is fo 
 lofty a.nd fpacious, that the ccntr's of 
 juftice, which are held here at the 
 aflizes, are at fi:th a diftance as not 
 to difturb each other. One of the 
 gateways of this palace has a very 
 curious arch, and in the tower over 
 it is kept the magazine for the Co, 
 mi itia. In the neighbouring mea- 
 dows was that famous mon. called, 
 from its fituaticn, St. .Mary de Prati?, 
 or Prez, fmce turned into a dwelling- 
 houfe and garden, where is a pleafant 
 terrr-cc, fupported by an embattled 
 wall, with Junetts hanging over the 
 r. and (haded with trees. The ad- 
 jacent meadow is the place for the an- 
 nual horfe-races. St. MargaietVCh.. 
 is a ncble frrudturr, which has a ting 
 of 6 of the rr.oft tunenble belh in th- 
 Km. It is faid thatK. Rk-h.HI. who 
 was killed in the battle of Bofworth, 
 was interred in it ; anil his coffin has 
 been converted into a trough for 
 hurfes to Urink, at the White- Hoife- 
 Dd 3 inn
 
 L A 
 
 TO 
 
 L E 
 
 inn here. Near this Ch. is a piece of 
 ground ftill called the Bp's. Barn- 
 dole, and a royalty called to this day 
 the Bp's.-Fce. There is a remaika- 
 ble epitaph in St. Martin's Ch. Shew- 
 ing, that Mr. Hey tic, who died in 
 1589, effc.t. 76, lived in one houfe 
 with his wife 52 years, and in all 
 that time buried neither man, wo- 
 man, nor child, though they were 
 fometimes 20 in family. And the 
 widow, who died in 1611, a tat. 97, 
 faw before her death 143 children, 
 grand-children and great grand-chil- 
 dren. This place has had the honour 
 of being an earldom, as long almoft 
 as any in England, and now gives that 
 title to Tho. Coke, Ld. Level and 
 poftmafter-general. Mofl travellers 
 flop at Mr. Bracebridge's by All- 
 Saints Ch. to fee a curious piece of 
 Roman antiquity, that was formerly 
 dug cut of a cellar there, fuppcfed by 
 feme to be the table of Diana and 
 Adteon (as related by Ovid) wrought 
 in a pile of little ftones, feme white, 
 ethers of a chefr.ut cokur. There is 
 an old wall here, called the Jewry- 
 vail, where the inh. Cay the Pagans 
 wfed to offer up their children to Mc- 
 loch. It iscompofed of rac-ftone and 
 Reman brick ; and not far off is a 
 place, called Holy-Bones, where have 
 bi-en dug up the bones of many cxen, 
 fuppofed to have been facrificed there. 
 LEIGH, (EJJ'ex) near Canvey-lfle, 
 K noted for oyfters, and well flocked 
 with Teamen, being a road for Clip- 
 ping. The manor was in the family 
 of Ld. Rich, but is now by purchafe 
 Sir Frmc's St. John's. 
 
 83= LEJGH, {Lane.} on the S. E. 
 fide of Wig-nn, had once a Mt. now 
 quite neglected. It is 145 cm. I&4 
 jrm. frcm London. 
 
 LEIGH, (JF/7/j) near WeiU-urv, 
 where is fuppofed to have been the 
 palace cf feme Saxon K. formerly bel. 
 to the Molyns family ; from which it 
 went by marriage to the Poynings. 
 
 LEich-EAST,(X"i:r..') nearElham, 
 was formerly held of the Abp. of 
 Canterbury, by a family of the fame 
 
 name ; frcm which it paffed to the 
 Aliens, who fo!d it to Fogg, as he 
 did to Cobbe ; of whom it was pur- 
 chafed by the Salke'.ds. 
 
 LEIGH-NORTH, (Oxford.) on the 
 S. W. fide of Woodftock, where peo- 
 ple are afraid to dig common p'.ts or 
 wells, becauie here is a fort of eaith. 
 which emits damp?, that have been 
 known to kill on a fr.dden. Kete 
 has been found the ftcm pyrites, 
 which being expofea to the air be- 
 comes crufted with a white fort of 
 fait, that has the tafte of ink. 
 
 LEIGHE-MAGNA, PARVA, and 
 PR i OR v, (Ejjsx) lie all three toge- 
 ther, on the S. W. fide of Braintree. 
 The firft was granted by K. Hen. IV. 
 to Sir Tho. Audley ; frcm whom, af- 
 ter many intermediate purchafes, it 
 came to Ralph Ld. Banning ; from 
 whom it defcendcd to his ycungeft 
 daughter's grand-children,named Leo- 
 nard, of the Suffex family. The fe- 
 cond was given by Hen. III. to the 
 priory here; kut at the- Diff. wa 
 given, together with the lite of the 
 priory, to Sir Rich. Rich, afterward* 
 Ld. Rich, grandfather to the firii E, 
 of Warwick. Frcrri his family it 
 went by marriage to Edward E. of 
 Mancheffer, and has fince been the 
 feat of Sir Gso. Alleyn. That which. 
 \vas the priory was a feat of the late 
 D. of Manchester ; after whofe death, 
 it was fold to the late Dfs. dowager 
 of Buckingham/hire, and Cnce pur- 
 chafed by Sir Rich. Hcare, Kt. and 
 aid. whofe feat here is an old hcufe ia 
 t! e midft of a- beautiful park. 
 
 LEIGHTON, (Hum.) 5171. N. of 
 Kimbcltcn, gives nasne to its H. and, 
 wss the ancient feat cf the Darcys, of 
 whom Hen. Darcy was flieriff of the 
 Co. in the R. of Q^Eliz. by whofe 
 daughter it pa;Ted ;n marriage to Sir 
 Jervaife Clifton of Somerfet, who was 
 created baron of Leighton by K. Ja. I, 
 and began to build a beautiful houfe 
 here, but did not live to finift it. His 
 daughter marrying the D. of Lenox, 
 an^ having the D. of Richmond by 
 him, this Lj. pafled, iu marriage
 
 L E 
 
 L E 
 
 with his heirefs, to Richard the late 
 E. of Arran, and from him to his 
 he.'refs, the Lady Butler. 
 
 (f^P LEIGHTON-BEAUDESERT, 
 or BUZZARD, (Bed/,} on the b. of 
 Bucks, 33 cm. 39 mm. frcm London, 
 his a Mt. on TU. well ftored with tat- 
 tle, and a great horfe-fairon Wbit-Tu. 
 particularly thofe for coach and cart, 
 befides two others, vix. Jan. 25, and 
 Oci. 13. The late Mis. Leigh had a 
 feat here. 
 
 LEITH, (Tcrk. N. R.) in the li- 
 berty of Whitby -Strand, is noted for 
 allom mines j in which abundance of 
 hands were employed by the late D. 
 of Bucks to dig, and hew it out of 
 the rock that hangs over the fea. To 
 fit it for ufe, it is burnt, then fteeped 
 in pits of water, and afterwards boiled 
 and clarified, as \\e find it. 
 
 LEKENFIELD, (York. E.R.) on 
 the N. fide of Bcverley, was a Lp. cf 
 Peter de Brus, who gave it to Henry 
 Piercy, in marriage with his fitter 
 Ifabel, on condition that he, and his 
 heirs, (hould repair on every Chrift 
 mus-d ?.y to Shelton-Caftle, and hand 
 the lady of the caftle from her chsin- 
 ber to mafs in the chapel, and thence 
 to her chamber again, and aftei dinner 
 with her, to depai t. One of the Piercy s 
 obtained a charter for a Mt. here on 
 1'n. and a Fair for a week, com- 
 mencing St^r. 14 ; but the Mt. has 
 been long difufcd, if not the Fair. 
 
 LEKHAM, (Wilts} has a bridge 
 ever the Avon, S. of Chippenham. 
 It was the Lp. of the ancient family 
 cf the Baynards, till they forfeited it 
 by rebellion. It has fmce paffed by 
 marriage into the family of Montague. 
 Roman coins aie often found here. 
 
 jjs LEMIKOTON, or LYMING- 
 TON, (Han:f.} 72 cm. 85mm. frc.m 
 London, is a fmall but populous fea- 
 rn.i t, on a hill thr.t has a fine profpecT: 
 of the Ifle of Wight, in the narrow 
 patt of the ftreight called the Nee- 
 dles, at the entrance of the bay of 
 Southampton. Its burgeiTes enjoy 
 certain privileges granted them by 
 thcfe of Southampton, in the R. of 
 
 Edw. III. It is a corp. by prefcrip- 
 tion, confifting of a mayor, aid. and 
 burgeffes without limitation. The 
 mayor is chofen by the burgeiTes, and 
 fworn at the court of the Ld. of the 
 manor, who is, or was lately, Tho. 
 Bulkeley, Efq;. Great quantities of 
 fait are made here, which is faid to 
 exceed molt in England for preferving 
 ficfh j and the S. parts of the Km. are 
 chiefly fupplied with it from hence. 
 The fea comes up within a m. of the 
 > T. Here is a kay, with cuftom- 
 houfe officers and Shipwrights. This 
 place gives title of Vifc. to the E. of 
 Poitfmouth. Its Mt. is . Fairs 
 May i, andSf/f. 21. 
 
 LEM ING TON-HAST ANG,(#^rr- 
 toick.) on the S. W. fide of Dun- 
 church, bel. anciently to the family 
 of Haftang, till the R. of Edw. III. 
 when it devolved ty an heirefs to the 
 Staffoids ; one of whom, Sir Hum- 
 phry, being attainted of treafon, in 
 joining in the infurreclion with Ld. 
 Lovel in the R. of Hen. VII. this ma. 
 nor was given to Sir Edw. Poynings ; 
 but Sir Humphry's fon being reftored 
 in blood, repofiefled it, and left it to 
 Will. Stafford of Blatherwic, who, in 
 the R. of Cha. I. fold it to Baron 
 Trevor. 
 
 LEMINGTON-PR IORS, (Wjrw.) 
 near Warwick, be!, formerly to the 
 canons of Kenilworth ; but coming 
 to the crown at the DifT. was gmmed 
 by Q^_F.liz. to Ambrofe Dudley, E. of 
 Warwick. Its Ch. was originally but 
 a chapel bel. to Wottcn on the other 
 fide of the r. Sir Will. Wheeler, Bt. 
 has a feat here. 
 
 LENER CROFT, (C;/wj5.) net far 
 from the Pitts-wall, has a bridge 
 over the r. Irthing to Naworth- 
 Caftle, and a medicinal fpring that 
 iilues out of a neighbouring rock, 
 which is faid to be very good fc* the 
 fpleen, ftone, die itch, forfeits, and 
 all cutaneous diftempers, and there- 
 fore is much frequented in the fum- 
 mer, both by the Engli/h and Scots. 
 Here was formerly aa abbey.
 
 L E 
 
 ZNH A M-, (Kint) at the fource 
 of the Len, g m. from Maidftone, 
 40 cm. 47 mm. from London, bel. 
 once to the abbey of Canterbury ; but 
 was granted by Q._Eliz. to Tho. Wil- 
 ford, Efq; whofe fon, Sir Thomas, 
 fold it to Anth. Brown, Vifc. Mon- 
 tacute. Its Mt. is on Tu. and Fairs 
 Whit M. and May 26. The late 
 Bp. of London, in his additions to 
 Camden,. mentions a very remarkable 
 Infcription on the tomb of Robert 
 Thompfon, Efqj in this Ch. i-iz. 
 " Tha: he was grand-child to Mary 
 " Honeywood, wife of Rob. Honey- 
 " wood of Charing, who at her de- 
 " ceafe had 367 children lawfully 
 '< descended from her, viz. 16 cf 
 " her own body, I r4 grand-children, 
 " 228 in the %d generation, and 9 ia 
 " the 4th.' v 
 
 LENHAM-EAST, (Kfnt) one of 
 the manfions cf the former, was the 
 (eat of the Hufieys, who fold it to 
 Mr. Parkhurft ; whole ion, Sir Wij. 
 liam, fold it to Mr. Wood, a mer- 
 chant cf London. 
 
 LEN TON, (N*tt.) fo called from 
 its fituation by the Len, on the S. W. 
 Jide of Nottingham, was before the 
 conqueft a hsmlet of Arnal, and juft 
 after it had a men. founded by Wi]]". 
 Feverel, who had the fee of the land 
 from the Conquercr. Aftsr the Diil'. 
 it came to the crown, and remained 
 therein, as far as appesrs, till K. 
 Cha. I. granted it in fee-farm to Edw. 
 Ditchfield, faJter, and ether citizens 
 of London ; who conveyed it, for 
 2500 /. paid to the chamberlain, to 
 "Will. Gregory of Nottingham, and 
 his heirs, with the Fair, royal :ie. c , 
 fcV. referving a yearly rent of 94 /. 
 to the crown ; which referved rent 
 the K. granted to James Steuart, D. 
 f Richmond and Lenox, who in 
 1650 fold it for 1460 /. to John Gre- 
 gory, 1'on and heir of William afore- 
 faid, and George his fen and heir, the 
 late owner, who obtained of Cha. II. 
 another Fair to be kept here, on the 
 W. after Wbitfun-tocck, and 6 days 
 following j but the demefne cf the 
 Abbey was granted in the R, of Ja. I. 
 
 L E 
 
 to William the anceftcr of Sir Will.. 
 Hicks, and the late Sir Hen. Hicks, 
 Bt. There is a horfe-fair here on the- 
 8th of AW. 
 
 if. LEOMINSTER, (Hereford.) 
 103 cm. 136 mm. from London, is* 
 large, handfome, p cpulous Bor. with 
 feveral bridges over the Lua, and is a 
 great thoroughfare betwixt South- 
 Wales and London. In K. John's R. 
 it was burnt by a rebel Ld. of Breck- 
 nock, but foon rebuilt. It was in- 
 corporated by Q; Mary, and is go- 
 verned by a high-fteward,. bailiff, re- 
 ccrcer, 12 capital burgefles (out of 
 whom the bailiff is choi'en) and a T.- 
 clerk. Its Mt. is on Fr. and its 
 Fairs, which are all noted for horfes 
 and black cattle, on Feb. 2, Tu. after 
 Midlent -Sunday, May 2, Jiine 19, 
 Aug. 24, and 03. 28.. The Mt. was 
 on Tb. till it was changed, en a peti- 
 t ; on from the cities of Hereford and 
 Worcefter complaining cf their lofs of 
 trade ; fince which, the vaft trade it 
 had in wool and wheat is much lef- 
 fened. The wool brought hither 
 from the neighbourhood has been 
 reckoned the beft in all Europe, ex- 
 cept that of Apulia and Tarentum, 
 and.was defervedly called Lemfter ore, 
 becaufe it enriched the T. very m-ich 
 before the p titicn juft mentioned.. 
 The bed flax is faid to grow here, and 
 it has been equally noted for the beft 
 wheat, barley, and the fineft bread. 
 The inh. drive a confider.'.ble trade 
 not only in the wool, but in { Lives.. 
 leather, hat-making, &c. and there 
 are feveral rs. in and about the T. on 
 which they have mills end other ma- 
 chines. It gives title of baron to the 
 E. of Pomefradr. Near its Ch. are 
 fome remains of its priory ; and on a 
 neighbouring hill arethe ruins cfapa- 
 lace, called to this day Comfor-Caftle. 
 K. Hen. I. made the mon. here a cell, 
 tohii abbey of Reading. The mayor 
 walks with a long black rod, tipped 
 \v;thfilver. There is an almth. here 
 founded by the widow of one, who gave 
 aivay the beil part of his effefts in his 
 life-time. In a nich over the entrance 
 is the figure of a man, holding op a
 
 L E 
 
 L E 
 
 katchet, with thefe words ; of which 
 the reader will underftand the mean- 
 ing, though the grammar is Iriih. 
 
 " Let him that gives his goods 
 " before he is dead, 
 
 " Take this hatchet, and cut off 
 " his head." 
 
 ST. LEONARD'S, (SuJJex} lies in 
 a foreft of the fame name, to the E. 
 and S. E. of Hortham. It was one of 
 the eftates forfeited to K. Hen. VII. 
 by John D. of Norfolk, by adhering 
 to Rich. III. and given toTho. Weft, 
 Ld. Delawar. 
 
 LEPPINGTON, (York. E.R.) bet. 
 Stamford-Bridge and New-Mahon, 
 ,ave title of baron, in the R. of K. 
 James I. to the Ld. Hunfdon's fon, 
 Carey, who was by K. Cha. I. created 
 E. of Monmouth. 
 
 S(c LESKEARD, (Cornw.) i8ocm. 
 229mm. from London. Mr. Nor- 
 den, who furveyed and defchbed this 
 Co. in the R. of James I. calls it 
 Li/kerde ; and fays it is a poor T. 
 whofe ruins however argue its pri/rine 
 glory to be great, and that it is pri- 
 vjledged for the coinage of tin, and 
 has a pretty Mt. Since his time, it 
 '"js improved to be one of the largeft 
 and beft built Ts. in Cornwall, with 
 the greateft Mt. It was firft incorpo- 
 rated by Edward E. of Cornwall, af- 
 terwards by K. John's fon, Richard 
 K. of the Roman-, and had privi- 
 leges from Edward the Black Prince. 
 Q;_ Eliz. granted it a charter j by 
 \vhich it was to have a mayor and 
 b'jrgefTes, who fhould have a perpe- 
 tual fuccelTiori, purchafe lands, &c. 
 Kcre is a handfome town-hall built 
 on ftone pillars, with a turret on it, 
 and a noble clock with four dials that 
 coftnear 200 /. the gift of Mr. Dol- 
 ben, one of its members in Pt. and 
 the corp. has had fine prefents of plate 
 ficm others of their members, parti- 
 cularly fiiver mugs and cups, round 
 one of which, moft commonly in ufe, 
 is this toping motto, '$ui fauit in po- 
 (ulis : Jaliit in cmnibui* Here is a large 
 
 Ch. and meeting-houfc, an eminent 
 fr. fc. and a curious conduit ; and on 
 the adjacent commons, which feed 
 multitudes of flieep, there have been 
 frequ.-nt horfe-raccs. K. Will, be- 
 ftowed the rents and tolls of thisBor. 
 on that great lawyer the Ld. Somers. 
 It has a Mt. on 5. and 7 Fairs, -vix, 
 Sbrovt-M. Mulhnt-M. the M. after 
 St. Nicholas, Afcenfwn-day, Aug. 15, 
 Sept. 21, and the M. after the 6th 
 of Dec. Befides the Bor. there is the 
 manor bel. to the duchy, where the 
 Es. and fince the Ds. had a caftle and 
 feat long fince decayed ; and here was 
 a park alfo bel. to the duchy, but 
 K. Hen. VIII. difparked it. Never- 
 thelefs there is a park adjoining to the 
 T. in which the E. of Radnor has a 
 fine feat. Here was anciently a cha- 
 pel of the Virgin Mary, famous for 
 many pilgrimages to it. The lift of 
 its Pt.-men begins the 23d of Edw. I. 
 Here is a very great tradein all mfs. of 
 leather ; and fome fpinning is fet u j} 
 here lately, encouraged by the clo- 
 thiers of Devon/hire. On the hills 
 N. of Leflceard, and in the way from 
 hence to Launcefton, are many mines 
 of tin, which is caft in the blowing- 
 houfes into blocks that are fent hi- 
 ther to be coined. 
 
 LESTORMAN, (Ccrn-a).} on the 
 N. fide of Leftwithiel, is alfo called 
 Loftcrmin-Caftle, which was for- 
 merly a principal feat of the chief go- 
 vernors of Cornwall, and ftood in a 
 park of fallow deer, which, with fe- 
 veral others, was difparked in the R. 
 of Hen. VIII. Mr. NorJen, who 
 wrote above 160 years ago, patheti- 
 cally laments its then decaying ftate, 
 and fays it was leafed out to Mr. Sa- 
 muel. 
 
 ^ LEST WITH i EL, (Cornwall) 
 i88cm. 239m. from London, is a 
 well-built T. where are kept the 
 common-gaol, the weights and mea- 
 fures for the whole ftannary, and the 
 Co. courts. It ftands on the r. Fey, 
 which brought up veflels from Fowey, 
 before it was choakcd up with fand 
 coming from the tin-mines, and 
 there-
 
 L E 
 
 therefore its once flourifhing trade is 
 decayed ; but it holds the buflielage 
 of coals, fait, malt, and corn in the 
 T. of Fowey, as it does the ancho- 
 rage in its harbour. It was made a 
 corp. by Richard E. of Cornwall, 
 when he was K. of the Romans, and 
 has had other charters fince. It con- 
 fiftscfy capital burgeffes (whereof one 
 is mayor) and 17 afiiftants, orC.C. It 
 is part of the duchy of Cornwall, 
 to which it pays n/. 19 j. 10 d. a 
 yesr, for its liberties. Its chief trade 
 is the woollen mf. Its Ch. has a 
 fpire, the only one, except that of 
 Helfton, in the Co. Its Mt. is F. 
 and its Fairs J.'.ns 2.9, Aug. 24, and 
 Rrv. 2. It rirft returned members 
 to Pt. in the 33d of Edw. I. They 
 are chofen by their burgeffe:- and afilft- 
 ants. The great hall and exchequer 
 .of the Ds. of Cornwall, who had 
 their palace here, was, with other 
 lately buildings, defaced by the Pt. 
 foldiers in 1644. It was anciently 
 the (hire-town, and the knights of 
 the fhire are ftill chofen here. 
 
 y^" LETCHLADE, (GY<?c.)6ocm. 
 74mm. from London, on the b. of 
 Oxfordflrre and Berks, and the great 
 road to Gloucefter, had anciently a 
 nunnery, and a pricry of black cr.ncns. 
 In the R. of K. John, the manur went 
 by marriage from the Ferrers family 
 to Roger Mortimer, and in that of 
 Ken. III. it was in the crown. Here 
 were, net long ago, the feats of Nicru 
 Harding, Tho. Coxeter, and Ro. 
 S mons ; and now that of Sir Fr. Ba.- 
 thutft, whofe anceftor purchafed both 
 the T. and manor. In this p. is 
 Ciay-Hill. The Mt. is on Tu and 
 Fairs on 5/. Lawrence s-day and Au- 
 gufl 29. It is fu-ppofed to have been 
 a Roman T. for a plain Reman road 
 runs f.om hence to Cirencefter; and 
 by digging in a me.ido'.v near it, a few 
 years ago, an old building was difco- 
 vert'd, fuppofed to be a Roman bath. 
 It was 50 foot long, 40 broad, and 4 
 high, fupporteii with 100 br.ck pillars, 
 curioulty inlaid with flones of divers 
 
 L E 
 
 colours of tefleraic work. The Lech, 
 the Coin, the Churn and Ifis, which- 
 all rife in the Cotfwould-Hills, join 
 here in one full ftream, and become 
 one r. cailci the Thames, which be- 
 gins here to Lc navigable, and barges 
 take in butter, cheefe, and other goods 
 at its quay for London. 
 
 LETHF.RHEAO, (Surry] 3 m. froni 
 Epfom, had a Mt. granted by K, 
 Edw. III. on F. and a Fair Aug. I. 
 The former has been difcontinued 
 above loc years, and the Fair is now 
 kept on the 8th of Stpt. Here is a 
 bridge over the Mole r. which, after 
 having funk into the earth at the foot 
 of Box- Hill near Mickleham, rifes 
 again at or near this T. and runs 
 through Cobhatn to the Thames at 
 Moultev. 
 
 LETHERINGHAM, (Suffclk) on, 
 the S. fide of Framlinghum, was an- 
 ciently the manor and feat of the 
 Nauntons, who came in with Will. 
 the Conq. and gave name to a neigh- 
 bouring manor, called to this day 
 Naunton-Hall. From them it patfl d 
 to the Bovils, and then to the Wirg, 
 fields j one of whom, Sir Anthony, 
 obtained the file of a priory here at 
 the Diff. 
 
 ST. LEV AN, (Cornwall} in the 
 deanery of St. Burien, at the S. W. 
 point of the Land's-End, has a little 
 cove for fifher-boats, and many lin- 
 mines in the neighbourhood. 
 
 ^c LEVERFOOL, (,<*.) 1 50 cm. 
 rSj mm. from London, at the month, 
 of the r. Merfee, is a populous T. 
 the moft flourifhing fea-pcrt in thefe 
 parts, and pretends to rival, if not ex- 
 cel, Brifto!, its cuftoms being increa- 
 fed S cr 10 fold within thefe 40 years 
 pair, and its houfes to three times as 
 many as they were in the R. of the 
 late K. James. The inh. are univer- 
 fal merchants, and trade to all foreign 
 parts, but Turky. Greenland, and the 
 Eaft-Indies. It (hares the trade to 
 Ireland and Wales with Briftol, as 
 follows : As Briftol trades chiefly to 
 the S. and W. parts of Ireland, from 
 Dublin
 
 L E 
 
 L E 
 
 Dublin on theE. toGallway on the W. here for theW.and S. parts of England, 
 this T. has all the trade on the E. and There are many handfome buildings 
 N. fhores, from Dublin to London- of hewn ftone here, erected by the 
 tkrry. As Briftol has the trade of Mores of Blankhall, the chief Lds. 
 South-Wales, this has great part of and proprietors of the greater! part of 
 that of North- Wales. As Briftol has the T. from whom fome of the ftreets 
 the S. W. Cos. of it, and fome N. of are alfo named. It was incorporated 
 it, as high as Bridgenorth, if not to by K. John, and its privileges have 
 Shrewfbury, Leverpool has all the N. been confirmed by feveral of his fuc- 
 Cos. befides what goods it fends to ceflbrs. It had formerly a caftle. 
 Chefliire and StafFordfhire by the new It is governed by a mayor, recorder, 
 navigation of the Merfey, the Wee- aid. without limitation, 2 bailiffs, 
 ver, and the Dan, even fo near to the 40 C.C. of whom the mayor is one, 
 Trent, that its goods are carried by and the burgefles are above 1 500. 
 land to Burton. The merchants of The freemen of this T. are free of 
 Leverpool are alfo concerned with the city of Briftol, and alfo of Wa- 
 thofe of Londonderry, in the fifliery terford and Wexford in Ireland, 
 on the N. coaft of Ireland. It is, Here is a fr. fc. and feveral almfhs. 
 moreover, the moft convenient and for failors widows, and other old 
 moft frequented paflage to that Km. people, befides a work-houfe, and a 
 Ships of any burthen may come up noble ch. fc. where 50 boys and 12. 
 with their full lading, and ride before girls are taught, fed, cloathed, and 
 the T. which is quite open and un- lodged. On the I4th of Sept. 1749, 
 fortified ; but the harbour is defended the firft ftone was laid here of a new 
 on the S. fide by a caftle built by K. exchange, and an suTembly-roorh. 
 John, and on the W. by a ftrong The Merfey abounds with falmon, 
 tower on the r. Merfey. Here are 3 cod, flounders, turbut, plaife, and 
 handfome Chs. and feveral meeting- fmelts, and at full fea it is above 
 houfes of diflenters. The new Ch. z m. over. There is a ferry here ; 
 is one of the fineft in England. AH and when people land on this fide, 
 the new buildings are very handfome, they are brought a little way through 
 in fpacious ftreets, the houfes being the water on the fhoulders of men, 
 brick, and very much like thofe at who wait knee-deep in the mud to 
 London, but not fo high. Some mer- take them out of the boats. The 
 chants have houfes here, which in Italy Mts. are W. and 5. the Fairs "June 
 would pafs for palaces. There is a 25, July zz, Nov. IT, and every W. 
 fine town-houfe here upon iz ftone fortnight for all forts of cattle. In 
 pillars, and under it is their exchange, the neighbourhood are frequent horfe- 
 There is a wet dock at the E. end of races, on a 5m. courfc the fineft for 
 the T. ere&ed by aft of Pt. in the R. the length in England. Frefh water 
 of Q^Anne, that will hold 80 or 100 is brought into the T. by pipes, from 
 fail of fliips. It has iron flood-gates, fome fprings in SirCleve More'seftate 
 is a moft noble expenfive work, and 4m. off, purfuant to an al of Pt. in 
 perhaps the only thing of its kind in the R. of Q._Anne. 
 Britain, London excepted. The cuf- LEVERTON, (York. N.R.) on 
 tom-houfe joins to it. There is a the E. fide of Gifburgh, was formerly 
 navigation from hence farther up the the eftate of Ld. Latimer, from 
 Merfey, and that for fliips of burthen whofe family it went by marriage to 
 too, as high almoft as Warrington, Robert Ld. Willoughby of Erefby, 
 and alfo up the S. channel, as they and from that family went by the 
 call the r. Weever ; but it is chiefly heirefs to Sir Rich. Wells, 
 for rock-falt and Chefhire cheefe, of LEVERTON.NORTH, (Nott.) on 
 which great quantities are ihipped off the . fide of Redfoid, bcl. once to 
 
 the
 
 L E 
 
 the Abp. of York's great manor of 
 Lanum. The Everinghams were its 
 Lds. for a long time, and after them 
 Rob. de Wattrton, John Babingtcn, 
 Will.Chadworth, Wjll. Willoughby, 
 and Chriftopher Ker.dal. whofe fa- 
 mily held it of the Abp. of York, as 
 of his manor of Scroby, till it came 
 to Peter Rofs, and lately to Thomas 
 Broughton. 
 
 LEVF.RTON-SOUTH, (Nott.) juft 
 by the former, bcl. anciently to the 
 Haftings and the N^vils, by whom it 
 was fold in the laft century to the 
 Earl of Kingflon, to whofe pofterity, 
 the Ds. of Kingfton, it has btl. ever 
 fmce. 
 
 LEV ING TON, (Suffolk] on the 
 Stour, S. E. of Ipfwich, where Sir 
 Rob. Hitcham, by his will, ordered 
 an almih. to be built for 6 of the 
 pooreft people of this village and of 
 Naflon, and endowed it with main- 
 tenance of a J. a week for each, and 
 40 s. a year for a gown and firing. 
 
 LEW, (Oxf.) on the N. fide of 
 Bampton, was abbey-land which K. 
 Hen. VIII. fettled on Chriikhurch- 
 Collegc. 
 
 ^ LEWES, [Sv/ae] 40 cm. 
 50 mm. from London,' is famous for 
 a bloody battle near it, wherein K. 
 Henry III. was defeated and taken 
 prifoner by the Barons, headed by 
 Simon de Montfort Earl of Leicefter, 
 who then entered and plundered it. 
 It is fo ancient, that we read the 
 Saxon K. Athelftan appointed two 
 mint-houfes here, and that in the 
 R. of Edward the Confeflbr it h?.d 
 127 bur^effe*. Here was formeily a 
 priory, which after the Did. fell into 
 the hands of the Earls of Dorfet. It 
 is a pleafantT. and one of the largeft 
 and moft populous in the Co. It 
 Brands in an open champain country, 
 en the edge of the moft delightful 
 South-downs. It is an ancient Bor. 
 by prefcription, by the ftile of con- 
 ftables and inhabitants. The con- 
 ftables are chofen yearly, at a court- 
 ket held alternately by the Ds. of 
 Norfolk and Dcrfet, and Ld. Aber- 
 f ayeny. It hat feat burgefles tc Pt, 
 
 L E 
 
 ever fince the 26th of Edward I. It 
 has 6 ps. which have each their Ch. 
 and confift chiefly of the feats of the 
 Pelhams, Gages, and SheJleys, and 
 other gentlemen, whofe gardens join 
 to one another, though they lie for 
 moft part up and down the hill, 
 in the moft romantick fituation. It 
 has handfomc ftreet?, and two fair 
 fuburbs. It carries on a good trade, 
 and the r. Oufe runs through it, 
 which brings goods in boats and 
 barges from a pert S m. off. On 
 this r. are feveral iron-works, where 
 cannon are caft for merchant-ftiips, 
 befides other ufeful works of that 
 kind. A ch. fc. was opened here in 
 1711, where 2.0 boys are taught, 
 cloathed, and maintained, at the'ex- 
 pence of a private gentleman, by 
 \.hcm they were alfo furni/hed with 
 books ; and 8 boys more are taught 
 here at the expence of other gentle- 
 men. Here are horfe races, almoft 
 every fummer, for the K's. plate of 
 100 /. The roads here are deep and 
 dirty ; but then it is the richeft foil 
 in this part of England. The Mt. 
 here is on Saturday, and the Fairs 
 April 23, IWjitfon-Tuefday, and St. 
 Mattbew's-day. From a wind mill 
 near this T. there is a profptcl which 
 is hardly to be matched in Europe ; 
 for it takes in the fea for 30 m. W. 
 and an uninterrupted view of Eanfted- 
 Downs, which is full 40 m. Bet. 
 this T. and the fej there is the bcft 
 winter gnme that can be for a gun, 
 and feveral gentlemen here keep 
 packs of Jogs ; but the hills here- 
 abouts are fo fteep, that it is ex- 
 tremely dangerous to follow them, 
 though their horfes will naturally 
 run down a precipice fafely, with a 
 bold and fkilful rider. On the E. 
 fide of this T. there has been a 
 camp, and it had formerly a wall, 
 of which few remains are now to be 
 fcen, with a caft.'e, long fince dc- 
 moliihed. The timbei- of this part 
 of the Co. is prodigious large. The 
 trees are fcnnctiiT.es drawn to Maid- 
 fton, and other places on the Med- 
 way, on a fort of carriage called a
 
 L E 
 
 L i 
 
 tng, drawn fcy 22 oxen a little way, mccm. which the /nerifFri<f<:8yeir!y, 
 and then left there for other tugs to on the 8th of Sept. and then fealt* 
 carry it on ; fo that a tree is fome- the corp. and neighbouring gentry, 
 times 2 or 3 years drawing to Chat- The Clofe is isclofed with a wall and 
 ham ; becaufe, after the rains once a deep dry ditch, on all fides, except 
 fet in, it ftirs no more that year, toward the city, where it is defended 
 and fbmetimes a whole fummcr is by a great lake, or marfh, formed by 
 not dry enough to make the roads its brook. The cathedral, which 
 paffable. It is cheap living here ; and ftands in the clofe, was begun in 
 the T. not being under the direction 1148. In the civil wars it was fe- 
 of a corp. but governed by gentle, veral times taken and retaken, anJ 
 men, it is reckoned an excellent re- thereby fuffered much ; but was fa 
 treat for half-pay officers, who can- repaired after the Reftoration, that it 
 not fo well confine themfelves to the is one of the faireft and noblcft ftruc- 
 rules of a corporation. tures of the kind in England. It is 
 
 L E w i s H A M, (Kent} on the r. walled in like a cattle, and ftands fo 
 Ravenfburn, betw. Blnckheath and high as to be feen 10 m, round. It is 
 Surry, where Sir John Norbury 450 feet long, of which the choir ia 
 founded a priory, and gave this ma- no, and the breadth in the feroadeft 
 nor to it. After its Dili". K. Edw. VI. place So. Its portico is hardly to be 
 gave it to his uncle Thomas Ld. Sey- parallelled in England. There are 
 mour, who forfeiting it by his trea- 26 ftatues of the Prophets, Apoftles, 
 f<;n, Q._Eliz. granted it to Ambrofe the Ks. of Jndah, and fome Ks. of 
 Dudley E. of Warwick, from whom this land, in a row above it, as big 
 it parted by feveral defcents to Mr. as the life ; and on the top at each 
 Ramfey. Here are z fr. fcS. under corner of the portico is a ftately fpire, 
 fhe Gt. of the feather-fellers com- befides a fine high fteeple on the 
 pany of London. middle of the Ch. The choir i* 
 
 Lc.xt>T.y t (Eflix} h the liberty of paved in great part with alabaftcr 
 Colchefter, on the fide of a fine heath, and channel-coal, in imitation of 
 bel. formerly to the Fitzwalters, till black and white marble. The prc- 
 it went by marriage to the Earls of bendaries ftalls, which are thought 
 Suflex, and from them Jto the Lucas's, to be the beft in England, were moft 
 # LICHFIEJ.D, (Staff.) 94 cm. of them re-erccled at the charge of 
 Jt8 mm. ftom London, was, in the the country gentlemen, whole names 
 Saxons time, an Abpk. for a Aort and arms are painted at the top of 
 fpace, and is now, together with the Aalls. In the lame dole are the 
 Coventry, a Bpk. It is a pretty palaces of the Bp. and dean, and the 
 large T.' 3 m. from the Trent, and prebendaries houfes in a court on the 
 divided by a little r. that runs into hill. Here are 3 other Chs. one of 
 it, over which are two caufeys, with which, St. Michael's, has a Ch.-ynrd 
 Cuices. The S. fide of it, which is of 6 or 7 acres. Here was a cafHe, 
 much the greateft, is called the City, long fince delhoyed ; and ancient 
 the other the Clofe. It was incor- camps have been discovered in it* 
 porated by Edw. VI. with the name neighbourhood. This city has given 
 of bailiffs and burgefles, and is both title of Earl to feveral families, but 
 a T. and Co. governed by ^ bailiffs, now to the noble defcendant of Edw. 
 chofen yearly out of 24 burgelll?, a Hen. Lee, who was fo created by 
 recorder, a fljeriff, a fteward, and Cha. II. This being a thoroughfare 
 ether officers. Here is a Gaol both to the N. W. Cos. has feveral very 
 for debtors and felons, a fr. fc. and good inns. The ale here is very 
 a pretty large well endowed hof. much commended, as it is indeed all 
 Th Co. *f the city is 10 or i m ver the Co, In the neighbourhood 
 
 e are
 
 L I 
 
 are frequent hotfe-races. The Mts-. 
 here are on Tu. and F, and Fairs on 
 the three firft Tbs. after T-Kclfib-dzy, 
 Ajb-W. May i, and the F. before 
 <f)V. Simon and Judc. 
 
 LIDFORD, ( Devon. ) on the r. 
 Lid, a or 3 m. E. of Brent-Tor, 
 was formerly a famous T. with a 
 cartle, which was always committed 
 to men of quality, and twice fcnt 
 burgefles to Ft. It was fadly flut- 
 tered by the Danes in 997, and tho' 
 now a contemptible village, the p. 
 may, for lands and liberties, com- 
 pare with any in the Km. the whole 
 foreft of Dartmore being in th< verge 
 of it- The r. here being pent up at 
 the bridge with rocks, has made it- 
 felf fo deep a fall, by its continual 
 working, that pafTengers only hear 
 the noile of the water, without" fee- 
 ing it. 
 
 LIDKORD, E. and W. (Scm.) lie 
 on the oppolite banks of a r. that 
 runs from Bruton to Ghftonbury. 
 The former was once the eftate of 
 the Hollands Earls of Huntingdon, 
 afterwards Ds. of Exeter ; the latter, 
 that of Nich. Martin, who, in the 
 R. of Edw. I. procured it a Mt. on 
 Tu. long fince dil'uied, and a Fair 
 /lug. I. 
 
 LIDGATE, (Suf. } near St. Ed- 
 mundfbury, gave birth and name to 
 the famous poet, orator, mathemati- 
 cian and philofopher, John Lidgate 
 the friar, who died in 1440. Here 
 is a ch. fc. and the ruins of a caftle. 
 
 LlDIARD -LAWRENCE, ( Self!. ) 
 
 bet. Bifhops-Lidiard and Stokcgomer. 
 In 1666, a pitcher full of Roman 
 medals wns dug up here, of no Icfs 
 than So pound weight. 
 
 LIDS TOW, (Devon.} on the t. 
 Lyd, not hr from HoMlworthy, had, 
 in Mr. Camdcn's time, a fmall Mt. 
 which, though fince difufcd, it Items 
 to have been anciently a place of fome 
 account ; becaufe it gives name to 
 the H. The manor bel. formerly to 
 rfci- Hollands Earls of Kent, then to 
 the Neviis Earls of Weftmoreland, 
 
 L I 
 
 and was purchafed by John 
 ferjeant at law. 
 
 Li D Y AS D - TR r c 02 E, ( Wilu ) 
 near Wotton-Bafiet, be), in the R, 
 of Rich. I. to a family of the name 
 of Tregoze ; but paffed by marriage 
 to thofe of Grandifon and Beau- 
 champ. From the latter it parted 
 the fame way to Sir Oliver St. John 
 of Bletflio, whofe grandfon was made 
 Ld. Tr'cgoze of Highwei th, and it wa 
 the feat of the late Vile. S.John. 
 
 LIGHTHORN, (Wji~w.} at the - 
 head of Thelcsford brook, near Waf- 
 perton, had a park, and bcf. in the 
 R. of Henry I. to the Mandevils, 
 who, in that of Edw. I. conveyed it 
 to Will. Beauchamp Earl of War- 
 wick ; but it afterwards came to the 
 crr.wn, and K. Hen. VIII. leafed it 
 out for 21 years to Roger Wigfton^ 
 and then fold it to Sir Thomas Pope; 
 whofe defcendant, the late Sir Tho. \ 
 Pope, of Wroxton in Lancafliite, en- 
 joyed it, 
 
 LlLLINGSTO N-DA I R E I. t , 
 
 ( Bucks ) near Luffield, where the 
 Dayrells family have flourifhed al. 
 moft ever fince the Conqucft. 
 
 LlLLINGSTON-LoVtl , (Oxf.) 
 
 lies near the former, and W. of 
 Stony-Stratford, bel. formerly to the 
 Lds. Lovcl ; at Sir P. Wentworthy'j 
 in this p. are {lately walks of firs. 
 
 Li L LINT, TON, \Wariv.} on the 
 N. E. fide of Warwick, bel. hereto- 
 fore partly to the canons of Kenil- 
 worth, and partly to the Grays, who 
 were pofleflcd of it in the Rs. of 
 Henry VII. and VIII. After the 
 Ref. it was granted by Q^EJiz. to 
 Mr. Gerard, &fc. and afterwards to. 
 Ambrofc Dudley Earl of Warwick }. 
 but it reverting to the crown, 'fur 
 want of his iflue, it was conveyed by 
 tho faid Q^ to Will. Borne und James 
 Orenge, Efqrs. who fold it to Thcu 
 maf, fon of Sir John Pickering, Bt. 
 Mho was Ld. -keeper of the great- 
 fea!. 
 
 >Jc LIME, (Dorfft.} 23 m. from 
 
 Dorchefter, 28 from Exeter, i2c.cm. 
 
 144
 
 L I 
 
 144 mm. from London, is alfo called 
 Lime-Regis, or King's-Lyme. It 
 formerly bel. to Sherborn-Abbey, 
 but was annexed to the crown in 
 the Reign of King Edward I. who 
 granted it the fame privileges as Mcl- 
 comb-Regis, and indeed as London 
 itfelf, with a court of huttings, and 
 freedom from ail toll, lafhge, &c. 
 \vhith were confirmed by Edward II. 
 and III. by K. James I. K. Cha. I. 
 K. Will, "and Q._ Mary. The corp. 
 contorts of a mayor, (who is juftice 
 of peace, during his mayoralty, and 
 the year after, and in the third year 
 both iuftice and coroner) a recorder, 
 1 S capital burgefTcs, and a T.-clerk. 
 It has i harbour in the Channel, and 
 a rivulet glides by it, from which it 
 has its name. As it lie* on the de- 
 clivity of a hill, the houfes make 
 a good (hew one above another, and 
 fome of them are built of frce- 
 ftone, and covered with blue flate. 
 It had formerly a very Hourifhing 
 trade to France, Spain, the Streiehts, 
 Newfoundland, and the Weft-Indies, 
 during which, the cuftoms amounted 
 fome years to 16,000 /. but it ftands 
 on futh a high fteep rock, that the 
 mrrri-hants 2re obliged to load and 
 Unload their goods at a pkce a quarter 
 of a m. off, called the Cobb, which 
 cofts a great deal to maintain, but 
 forms fuch a harbour as, perhaps, is 
 not to be equalled in the wot Id, the 
 (hips being meltered by a high thick 
 Aone wall raifed in the main fea, a 
 good way from the fliore, broad 
 enough for carriages and warehoufes, 
 and the cuftom-houfe officers have 
 one upon it. The cellars of the low 
 part of the T. near the fea, are 
 often overflowed by the fpring-tides 
 jo or iz feet. There are guns planted 
 for defence both of the Cobb and the 
 T. the fliore here being very proper 
 for batteries. The merchants h-ive 
 begun lately to trnde in the pilchard 
 fifhery. The tuftom-houl'e Rands on 
 pillars, with the corn Mt. under it. 
 After the defeat of the D. of Mon- 
 mouth, who landed here June ll, 
 
 LI 
 
 1685, with only 100 men, brought 
 over in a man of war of 30 guns onlyj 
 and two other fmall vefiel?, with 
 arms indeed for 4000 men, many of 
 his party were executed here, and 
 their limbs hung up in the T. The 
 Mt. here is F. the Fairs Feb. T. and 
 24, May 2, and S,-ft. zi. Its lift 
 of members of Pt. commences the 
 23d of Edw. I. We road, that, in 
 774, the Saxon K. Kinwulf gave 
 land hereabouts to the Ch. of Shcr- 
 born, for the boiling of fait there to 
 fupply its neceflities. 
 
 LIMME, (Kent) near Hithe, and 
 4 m. from Romney, was formerly a 
 port, till choaked up by the fands ; 
 and though it is thereby become a 
 poor T. yet it has the horn and mace, 
 and other tokens left of its ancient 
 grandeur, and ufcd to be the place 
 where the Ld. warden of the Cinque- 
 Ports was fworn, at his entrance upon 
 his office. The Roman road from 
 Canterbury, called Stane-ftreet, ended 
 here, and from the brow of its hill 
 may be feen the ruinous Roman walls 
 almoft at the bottom of the marihes j 
 and Roman coins have been found in 
 the neighbourhood. 
 
 Li MM ING TON, (Som.) near II: 
 chefter, is noted for a Ichool kept 
 here by the famous Wolfey, who 
 being put in the ftocks by Sir Amias 
 Paulet, for a mifdcmeano'r, he lo re- 
 fented it when he came to be cardi- 
 nal, and in the higheft favour with 
 K. Henry VIII. that when he was 
 foliciting a court favour, he made him 
 dance attendance at London for it fe. 
 veral years. 
 
 Li M p s K i L D, (Sxrrv] ne.ir Croy- 
 don, on the road to Kent, is the 
 manor and feat of Sir Maimaduke 
 Grcfham, Bt. 
 
 LINAM, (Devon.} nearPIvmpton, 
 on the bank of the Yalm, bel. r.ri- 
 c'rently to the Topclifts, then 1 1 the 
 ChurchiHs, from whom it defcc-cded 
 to the family of Crocker, who have' 
 had it almoft ever lince lidw. IV. 
 
 LINBY, (Nott.) bet. Sherwood. 
 Forcfl and Codnor-Caftfc, bel. heie-
 
 L I 
 
 1 I 
 
 tnrore to Trinity-Priory at Lenfon, 
 and to Newftede-Abbey, and after- 
 wards to the crown, when K. John 
 gave one moiety to Will. St. Michael 
 >f London, and the ether to Sir Peter 
 Lettris and his brother, to hold cf 
 the crown during pleafure. The K's. 
 moiety reverted to Henry III. and 
 wfually went along with the Lp. 
 :" Mansfield. The ether moiety 
 was alienated in the R. cf Edw. III. 
 to Sir William de HameJdon, from 
 whom it pa!Fed to the Strelieys, and 
 from them by marriage to the Stave - 
 ieys. During this, that part of the 
 is.'s. moiety which had been given to 
 N 2v. ftede- Abbey, by the purchafer 
 Sir John Crumbwell, was, with that 
 mon. given by Henry VJ II. at the 
 DifT. to Sir John Byron, Kt. whcfe 
 descendant, Ld. Byron, flill enjoys it, 
 or did fo very lately. The Earl of 
 Harrington has a feat here. 
 
 $( LINCOLN, (Line.} 103 cm. 
 128 mm. from London, was formerly 
 called Nicol. It ftands on the fide 
 of a hi!), with the Witham r. run- 
 ning at the bottom in three frmll 
 channels, over which are feveral 
 t ridges. Vortimer, that valiant Bri- 
 tcn v, ho fo often defeated the Saxons, 
 Uied and was buried here. The Danes 
 tcck this city twice by ftorm, and 
 the Saxons as often retook it. In 
 Edward the CcnfcfTor's time it is 
 fa id to have had loyohcufes; and 
 Malmfbury relates, that in the Nor- 
 ir.ans time it was one of the mod po- 
 pulous cities in England, and a mart 
 for aJ] goods ccming by land or water. 
 K. Will. I. built a caftle here ; sr.d, 
 about the fame time, the Bp's See 
 was tranflated hither frcni Dorchefter 
 in Oxfordshire. This is ftill reckoned 
 the biggeft diccefe in all England, 
 thou fc h EJy, Peterborough, and Ox- 
 ford, have been taken out of it. 
 K. Edw. III. made this city a Maple 
 far wool, leather, lead, &c. It was 
 $nce burnt, once befieged by K. Ste- 
 phen, who was here defeated and 
 taken prifoner, and once taken by 
 Hen. III. from his rebellious Barons. 
 
 It is faid to have had 52 Chs, vrkitk 
 in the R. of Edw. VI. were by aft 
 of Pt. reduced to j3, and they are 
 now Lut 13, and the meaneft that 
 are to be ften any where, except its 
 cathedral, or minfter, which is a 
 ftately Gothic pi.'e, the glory of 
 Lincoln, being brought by facial 
 Bps. to fuch a pitch cf magnificence 
 snd elevation, that the monks ufed 
 to fay, the devil muft needs frown 
 at fo noble a ftruilure for divine v.cr- 
 fl>ip j from whence it became a pro- 
 verb to fay of a man \vho has malice 
 and envy, that It leakt as the devil 
 cs:><r Lincoln. It is fo lofty, and the 
 hill i: /lands on is fo high, that it 
 may be feen in five or fix counties,. 
 50 m. to the N. ar.d 30 to the S. 
 and is one of the largeft in Engbnd. 
 Here is alfo the famous great beD, 
 called Tom tf Lincoln, which is near 
 5 tons in -eight, almort 23 feet in cir- 
 cumference, and will hold 424 gallons 
 ale meafure. Dr. Fuller, who aptly 
 calls it the Stentor of England, fays 
 fifty bells might be caft cut of it. 
 
 This city abounded heretofore with 
 mons. and ether religions houfes. 
 There is a great pool here, formed 
 by the r. on the W. fide of it, called 
 Swan-Pcol, becaufe of the multitude 
 of fwans on it. The Romans Nouh- 
 gateftill remains entire, by the name 
 of Newport-Gate ; there are alfo di- 
 vers fragments of the old Roman 
 wall. Over againft the caftle is an 
 imreruhment caft up by K. Stephen j 
 and here are curved the arms of John 
 of Gaunt D. of Lancafter, who lived 
 here like a King, and had a mint. 
 The city has a communication with 
 the Trent, by a canal called the Fofs- 
 Dyke. In the centre of the ruined 
 old caflle there is a handfome modem 
 ftrudure for holding the afiizes. 
 This city is a Co. of itfelf, and has 
 a vifcountial jurifdicHon for 30 m. 
 round, which is a privilege that no 
 other city in England can equal. It 
 is governed by a mayor, 12 aid. 
 a /heriffs, a recorder, 4 chamberlain?, 
 fword-bcarcr, 4 coroners, accT iib^vs
 
 L I 
 
 L I 
 
 40 C. C. And has given title of Earl 
 t.o the Clinton family, ever Iince the 
 R. of Q^Eliz. Here arc 4 ch. fcs. 
 where 12.0 poor children are taught 
 t>y the widows of clergymen. The 
 neighbouring courfe is noted for fre- 
 quent horfe-races. On thp down of 
 Lincoln, towards Bofton, tint rare 
 fowl the buftard is feen fometimes, 
 as well as on Saiiibuiy -Plain. Lin- 
 coln-heath extends above 50 m, viz. 
 from Sleaford and Ancafter S., to the 
 Hymber N. though it is but 3 or 
 4 m. over, where hroadeft. The 
 Mrs. here are 1u. and F. the Fairs 
 "June 24, firft F. in Scfterr.btr, and 
 Nov. 17. We read that David K. 
 of Scots met K. John here, on the 
 aid of Nov. in the 3d of his R. and 
 performed homage to him, on a hill 
 without the city, in pre/ence of the 
 Abps. of Canterbury, York, and 
 Ragufa, 13 Bps. and a vaft number 
 of temporal Lds. Kts. aad Efqrs. 
 Englifli and Scots. K. Henry VII. 
 kept his court here at Eafter, in 
 1486. The Jews were once its chief 
 inh. till they were forced to remove, 
 after having impicufly crucified the 
 child of one Grantham, and thrown 
 it into a well, to this day called 
 Grantham's-Well. The Bps had a 
 magnificent palace here, \shich was 
 ruined in the civil wars. 
 
 LINCOMB (>.) in the p. of 
 Ilfarcomb, bel. lately to the family 
 of Witchalfe, that flourished at 
 Chldkigh ; and the abbey of Danki- 
 Well had lands here formerly. 
 
 LiNCOMB-Sr AW. (Sim.) is near 
 Bath, to whofe priory bel. feme of 
 its pattures and meadows, which at 
 the Difl'. were given by Hetty VIII. 
 to Sir Will. Herbrrr. 
 
 LINDLEY, (Lt/r.) near Fenny- 
 Drayton, was. if it be not ftill, the 
 manor of the Burtons, in which, iic- 
 eording to Mr. Will. Burton, of this 
 family, who wrote the hiftory of this 
 Co. no adder, fnake, or lizard v.i.3 
 ever ieen, though they are corronua 
 ficugJU in the neightaoihoed. 
 
 LlNDSKY-LsVKt, (LitlC. ) ;'tt* 
 
 great. fen beyond the r. Glen.- L>nd- 
 Jfy is the third divifion of ths Co. 
 which runs out into the ocean, that 
 wafhes it on the E. and N. as doe 
 the Trent on the W. Ic is bigger 
 than the two other divifuns, Hyl- 
 land and Kefteven, from which laft, 
 it is parted by the r. Witham and 
 the Fofsdike. It gives title of Mar- 
 quis to the D. of Ancafler, as it did 
 formerly of Earl to the Lds. Wil. 
 loughbj, Barons of Erefby. 
 
 LINEHAM, (Oxf.) not far from 
 Chadlington, has a burrow, fuppofed 
 to have been a work cf the Danes. 
 Bet. this place and Pudlicot, a fub- 
 terraneous paflage leads dowa to 
 Evenlode r. 
 
 LINKORD, (Naif.) bet. Mund- 
 ford and Buckenham-Parva, has a 
 paflage over the r. to Ickburgh. It 
 bel.. formerly to the priory of Thet- 
 ford j but at the Difl'. K. Hen. VIII. 
 granted it to Thomas D. of Norfolk, 
 upon whofe attainder it reverted t' 
 the crown, and was granted by K. 
 Edw. VI. to Rich. Fulmer/ton, from 
 whom it went by marriage of his 
 daughter to Sir Edw. Clare. In the 
 R. of Q._Eliz. thereverfion cf it was 
 granted to Philip Earl of ArundeJ, by 
 whom it was fold to Francis Murid- 
 ford, Efq; ofFeltwell. It was after- 
 wards fold to Mr. Turner, whofe 
 fon, the late Sir Charles, conveyed 
 it, about 1717, to James Nelthorp, 
 Efq; who built a very agreeable feat 
 here, in the foundation of which, in 
 1720, two Roman urns were dug up, 
 as was another near it, in 1735, with 
 pieces of bones and artics. The file 
 of its Ch. which has been long de- 
 rnolifleJ, .isinclofed and planted with 
 Scotch firs. This place is alTetfed to 
 the land-tax at 189 /. 26 s. 8</. 
 
 LiNCiiTLD, in the Weald of 
 Surt-;, on the S. fide of Crowhurir, 
 tel. lately to the Lds. Howard of 
 F.rnnnham. Here is a good Ch. 
 erecled about the R. of Henry VI. 
 A fthool-bouie ftaotlc nta; it, with' 
 c 3
 
 L I 
 
 a dwelling for the matter. Here are 
 t\vo inconliderable Fairs ou May I, 
 end June 29, the laft for cows and 
 heifers, but no fat cattle. Here are 
 the remains of a college of priefts, 
 fjj.iced by Ld. Cobham in the R. 
 cf Henry VI. the fite and eftate of 
 which was at the Diff. purchafed 
 ty one of his defcendants, and 
 afterwards confirmed to him by Pr. 
 In the common there is a fine Ipring 
 paled in, of the fame virtue with 
 that at Tunbridge. The inh. are 
 faid to be very fond of garlands made 
 cf a little herb called Midfummer- 
 Jilver, which continues all the year 
 of a bright afh colour, and the Ch. 
 ar.d houfes are fome times adorned 
 \vith it. They are noted for ringing 
 well at Ch. as they do in Glocefter- 
 ihire and Wiltshire. Their beft com- 
 modity is ale. 
 
 L i N G w z L r-Y A T s, (forty. 
 W. R.) bet. Wakefield Out-wood 
 and Thorp on the Hill, where, in 
 3697, were found certain moulds of 
 clay that were invented for counter- 
 feiting the coins of fome of the Ro- 
 man Emperors. 
 
 3^ L i * T c N, (Caieb.) 39 cm. 
 46 mm. from London, has a Mt. on 
 7b. and Fairs on JPbitfsn-M. and 
 Jug. 4. Here was the (eat of the late 
 The. Sclater Bacon, Eiq;. A Roman 
 military-way falls here into the Iken- 
 
 E)g. 
 
 L I T C H E T-M ALT RAVERS, 
 
 {Pa-Jet.') near Winbornmonfter, fo 
 failed from its ancient Lds. the Mai- 
 travers, was the eflate of the late Geo. 
 
 -Trenchard,, Efq;. 
 
 Ln H, or LEITH-HILI, (Surry) 
 in the p. of Lower- Wttton, 5 m. S. 
 of Darking, juts itfelf out 2m. be- 
 yond that ranee of hills -which ter- 
 minates the N. to the S. Downs. 
 The hill rifes alaioft infcnfibly from 
 Wottoa for 2 or 3 m. to the S. ard 
 then has a declivity for aboat 8 m. 
 
 .alracft as far as Hcrfliam. From the 
 furrmit pf it may be feen, in a clear 
 
 -L>, i'.s much land as is fuppofed to 
 be uot kis tLa aco a, 
 
 L I 
 
 ference, viz, all the wealds of Surry 
 and Suflex, as far as the S. downs,, 
 and even beyond them to the fea, 
 part of Hampshire, Berks, Oxford- 
 fliire, Bucks, Hartfordftire, Middle- 
 fex, Effex, and Kent ; and, by the 
 help of a telefcope, fome part of 
 Wilts. Great part of the brow of it 
 being flid down from the fide of the 
 hill into the grounds below, caufed 
 by a delf of ftones dug out of the fides 
 of it, the bare places from whence 
 the earth is parted, being of a reddifli 
 colour, plainly appear above 40 m. 
 off. 
 
 LlTTLEBORN, (Kent} OH the 
 
 E. fide of Canterbury, bel. formerly 
 to St. Auftin's Abbey in that city,, 
 and has a manor in it called Well, 
 which the late Lieut. Col. Prude 
 purchafed of the Palmers. 
 
 LlTTLEBOROCGH, (LinC.) JJC3 
 
 in that which was a Roman way, 
 now the great road for the pack- 
 horfes that travel from th* W. of 
 Yorkshire to Lincoln. Lynn, and 
 Norwich. 
 
 LITTLIBOBOUCH, (Nott.) for- 
 merly in the manor of Mansfield, 
 was long ago famous for its ferry 
 ever the Trent into Lincolnshire, 
 3 m. S. of Gainefborough. It is fup- 
 j-ofed to have been the Roman Age. 
 Iccum, and near it have been found 
 Romaa urns, and ether antiquities, 
 befifies great numbers of coins ploughed 
 up, called f\vine-penys, becaufe thefe 
 creatures fome times rout them up. 
 Many little coins like flatted pea?,, 
 called mites, are alfo fuund here 
 In 1718, two altars were dug up, 
 which are let as piers in the wall- 
 on the fide of the fleps that lead 
 from the r. to the inn, Mr. Ella, 
 vicar of Ramptcn hard by, coi- 
 kcled fevers j of the fwine-peny$, 
 and Mr. Hardy had- a large urn with- 
 a female face c'n it. The Trent has 
 wafted away part of the E. fide of 
 the T. and foundations and pave- 
 ments are vifiblc on the bank, efpc. 
 cially in the field near White's-bridge. 
 0* the E, fide of the r, there haj 
 been
 
 L I 
 
 TO 
 
 L O 
 
 keen a camp. There are feveral 
 fprings hereabouts, efpecially on the 
 top of the heath, which are {aid to 
 flow and ebb with the Trent, though 
 fome are 5111. diftant. 
 
 LITTLECOTE, (#-7//.t) on the 
 Rennet, near Hungerford, was the 
 manor of judge Popham, and the feat 
 of the late Earl of Pembroke. 
 
 LITTLEHAM, (Dd'an.*) near 
 Otterton, bel. formerly to the ab- 
 bey of Sherburn, and after the Diff. 
 was purchafed ky Sir The. Dennis. 
 
 LJTTLEHAM, (Devon.) near 
 Portlidge, was once the manor of the 
 Stapledons, and defcended to Sir John 
 St. Leger, from the Botelers Earls of 
 Ormond, by matching with an heir 
 cf Hankfurd ; but is now the eftate 
 of the Leighs, by marriage of one of 
 the coheirs of Boteler of Parkham, 
 to whofe anceftors Sir John St. Leger 
 fold it. Robert Boteler granted to 
 Clement Boteler and his wife, all his 
 lands in this manor called Holland. 
 
 LlTTLEMORE, ( Oxf. ) On the 
 
 E. fide of Oxford, was formerly a 
 priory, the fite and demefne of which 
 was 'made over by Henry VIII. to 
 Geo. Owen, Efq; in exchange for the 
 manor of Charlbury. 
 
 LITTLETON, (MiJ<1.) on the r. 
 A(h, near Lalam, fo called from the 
 fmall quantity of ground bel. to it, 
 was given formerly to St. John's 
 priory in London, and in the R. of 
 Edward VI. exchanged by the crown 
 with Sir Thomas He.neage for other 
 lands. Here is now the feat of Mr. 
 Wood. 
 
 LITTLETON, (Wilti] in the p. 
 f Lavington-Siihops, bel. anciently 
 to the Payrolls, one of whom pro- 
 cured a charter from Edw. II. for a 
 Mt. on Tu. and a Fair at Midfummer, 
 but the Mt. has been long difufed, if 
 not the Fair. In the R. of Edw. If t. 
 it pailed to the Ld. Molins ; but 
 how it has been conveyed fmce we 
 cannot learn. 
 
 LITTLETON, NORTH, SOUTH, 
 and MIDDLE, {Wire.} are 3 fmall 
 ps. on the E. b. of the Co. which 
 are only noted for a petrifying ipring, 
 
 on the top of that which they call 
 Harrow- Hill, fituate in the North 
 and MiJdle.-Littieton, 2 m. from E- 
 veffiam, whofe water is neveithelefa 
 of a foft tafte, and faid to be very 
 excellent for cleanfing fore eyes. 
 
 LLANDONY-ABBEY, (Mtnm.) 
 among the Hatterel-Hills, not far 
 from the r. Mynwy, was founded fcy 
 Walter Lacy, the anccftor of thofe 
 who were the firft conquerors cf Ire- 
 land, in a folitary place in the low 
 vale of Ewias, where had been an 
 hermitage. The priory of the fame 
 name near Glocefter was at firft a 
 cell to this mon. but K. Edw. IV, 
 united them by his charter, by which 
 this abbey became a cell to the 
 other, 
 
 LoDBROOK-PARK, (Jfarw.'] on 
 the W. fide of Umberflade, was pur- 
 chafed of the crown in the R. of 
 Henry VIII. by Sir George Throck- 
 morton. 
 
 f LODDON, (Norf.) 8cm. frora 
 Norwich, 89 cm. 105 mm. frora 
 London. In the R. of Henry VII. 
 Sir John Hobart, anceftor to the pre- 
 fent Earl of Buckingham/hire, had a 
 feat here. Its Mt. which is on F. 
 was procured in the R. of Henry III. 
 by one Will. Charles j the manor 
 K now, or was lately, in the poflef- 
 fion of the heirs of Mr. Francis. 
 Gardiner, aid. of Norwich j and the 
 late Ld. Fitzwilliams, a peer of Ire- 
 land, had a feat here. It has a Fair 
 Nov. 10. 
 
 LoDCx-HiLL, (Midd.} in tfiat 
 which was formerly Homfey-Park, 
 had, by all appearance, a- fort upoa 
 it, rather than a lodge, 
 
 if. LONDON. This great city, 
 the metropolis of Great-Britain, is 
 fo well known , and has been fo 
 amply defcribed in numbers of vo- 
 lumes, one or other of which arc 
 almoft in every hand, that to give an 
 account of it in this Work, in the 
 manner we have treated of the other 
 cities, will be thooght tinneceflary, 
 and would moreover rwell it far beyond 
 the limits of two pocket vohsmeSt 
 Therefore we flull only oWerve, thc
 
 L O 
 
 ft lies in N. Lat. 51. 32, l8cm. W. 
 of Amfterdam, 200 N. W. of Paris, 
 270 S.E. of Dublin, 300 S. of Edin- 
 burgh, 500 S. W. of Copenhagen, 
 600 N. W. of Vienna, 8oc N. E. of 
 Madrid, 820 N. W. of Rome, and 
 1360 N. W. of Conftantuiople. 
 
 LONGDON, ( Staff. ) 4m. from 
 Lichfield, in the road to Chefter, on 
 a brook that runs into Trent, is noted 
 for feverai gentlemens feats in it j as 
 Sir Ed w. Littleton's, which afterwards 
 came to the Wrights, and then to the 
 Ridleys, who married with the Traf- 
 fords j the Broughtons, who 1 ad a 
 feat here, frcm the R. of K.John to 
 the 44th of Edw. I. when Thomas 
 i,d. Broughton fold it to Roger Alton, 
 whole pcfterity long enjoyed it, if 
 they do not Ml i and laftly of the 
 Arblafters. 
 
 LONGKORD, (Wiltt) 3m. from 
 Salilbury, the feat of Bovery the Ld. 
 Vile. Folkfton, to whom it gives title 
 cf Baron. The houfe was built in 
 the R. of K. James I. It is of a 
 triangular form with round towers at 
 each corner, in which are the dining- 
 room, library, and chapel. There is 
 a gallery with admirable pictures of 
 the chief matters, particularly 2 land. 
 fcapes of Claod Lorrain, one a riling, 
 the other a fetting-fun, which, are 
 reckoned two of his belt pieces. It is 
 faid, the pictures, furniture, and fit- 
 ting up of this gallery coft loooo /. 
 The r. Avon runs through the gar. 
 den. 
 
 LoNCIlAT , Or LoNGf LZT , 
 
 (WiY) 3m. E. ofWarminfter, and 
 4m. S.E. from Frome-Selwood in 
 Somcrfet, has been for a long time 
 the leat of the Thynnes, defcentkd 
 from a family who came into Eng- 
 land in the R. of King John, and 
 fettling firft at Botteville and Stratton 
 in Shropshire were called Bottevilles, 
 till about the time of Edw. IV. when 
 one of them being from a very thin 
 habit, of body called Thynn, for di- 
 
 fake, the family retained 
 that name ever after. The prel'ent 
 Vifc..Weyn;outb, a defcendaot from 
 
 L O 
 
 it, has a noble old houfc here, which 
 was 12 years in building from 1567, 
 and has been often damaged by fire. 
 The gardens and avenuei, being full 
 grown, are very fine, and exceedingly 
 well kept* ItcoftthelatcLd.Wey- 
 mouth a great revenue in hoipitality 
 to fuch Grangers as came from Bath 
 and Wells, Frome, &c. to fee this 
 fplendid houfe. It is founded on the 
 file of a priory, which was purchafed 
 of Hen. VII. by Sir John Horfey of 
 Clifton in Devon, and bought of him 
 by Sir John Thynn. The priory was 
 a cell to the rnoa. at Hinton in So- 
 merfet. 
 
 g^ LONCTOWN, (Cuml.} en the 
 Scots b. near the conflux of the Eik 
 and Kirkfop, 7 m. from Carlifle, 
 234 cm. 316 mm. from London, has 
 a Mt. on 1b. and a ch. fc. for 60 
 chjldren. The late Ld. Prefton had 
 a eat here. 
 
 LONG woRTH-LowiH, (Heref.) 
 is a farm near Hereford, bounded two 
 parts in three by the rs. Lug and 
 Frome, which lets at about i6o/. a 
 year, being all meadow and pafture, 
 and banked to keep out the unprofi- 
 table floods j but there are flood-gates 
 in the banks to lay it under water la 
 a dry fumn-.er. 
 
 LOOPOOL, (Csrniv.} is a lake z m 
 long near Heliton, parted from the 
 fea by a ridge ; over w hich the waves 
 foinetimes beat with a wonderful roar. 
 It abounds with excellent trouts, (~?c. 
 
 LOPHAM, N. and S. or Gr. ansj 
 Lit. (fffrfoik] on the b. of Suffolk, 
 W. of DilFt, are two diftinft ps. but 
 one manor. The Ch. of South or 
 Little-Loplwm was given by one cf 
 the Bygots its ancient Lds. in the R. 
 of Hen. I. to the monks of Thetford, 
 who foon after funencered it to the 
 Ld. of the manor, who added it with 
 the appurtenances to the other Ch. 
 This manor was forfeited to the 
 crown, in the R. cf Hen. II. but 
 was reftored to the family by Rich. I, 
 one of whom fettled it on K. Edw. I, 
 but Edw. II. gave it to his brother, 
 
 Tboaas oc Brotiieiton, E, of Nor.
 
 folk, and msrmal of England. It 
 went by marriage of his daughter to 
 John Ld. Segrave, and upon her death 
 to her grandlbh, Thomas Mowbray U. 
 f' Norfolk 5 and it is now the trtate 
 of the prefent D. of Norfolk. Here 
 is a park, which in 1641 was farmed 
 at 390 /. a year. South-Lopham is 
 iiTeflcd to the K's.-tax at 7857. a 
 year,and Norlh-Lopharn at 772 I. 101. 
 The houfes' in both are about 150, 
 jnd the inh. 930. 
 
 $3* LOUGHBOKOUGH, ( Le'lC. ) 
 
 ?6cm. 107 mm. from London, the 
 fccond T. in the Co. was in the 
 Saxons time a royal village. After 
 the conqueft it bel. to the noble fa- 
 mily of Defpenfers, who obtained a 
 Mt. for it on Tb. and Fairs on Au- 
 guft i, and Nov. 2. It was after- 
 wards forfeited to the crown, and 
 granted by Edw. III. to Henry Ld. 
 Beaumont ; but was again forfeited 
 by one of his defcendants in the R. 
 of Edw. IV. and granted to William 
 Ld. Haftings. ViTc. Beaumont waj 
 reitored to it by Hen. VII. but on 
 the attainder of Vifc. Lovel, his fuc- 
 ceficr, it reverted to the crown, and 
 K. Hen.VllI. granted ittotheMarq. 
 of Dorfet ; but on the attainder of his 
 fon, Henry D. of Suffolk, Q. Mary 
 granted it to Edward Ld. Haftings ; 
 from whom it defcended to the Es. 
 of Huntingdon, to whom it gives ti- 
 tle of Baron ; and near it they have a 
 feat. Since Camden's time, when 
 he fays it was the largeft and beft- 
 built T. in the Co. next to Lcicefter, it 
 has been very much diminish d by fires. 
 It has a large Ch. and a fr. fc. befides 
 a ch. fc. for So boys, and another for 
 20 girls. It is frill a very agreeable 
 T. with rich meadow-ground on the 
 Foile, which runs here almoft parallel 
 \vith the r. Soar. 
 
 ff3> LOUTH, (Line. ) 112 cm. 
 133 mm. from London, is a T.- cor- 
 porate of good refort, which takes its 
 name from the r. Lud. Befides a 
 ch. fc. for 40 children, it has a fr. fc. 
 founded by Edw. VI. with a fair 
 large Ch. and a fine fteeple,. which 
 
 L O 
 
 fome think is as high as Gra.-thsnj 
 fpirc. Its Mts. ut W. and S. jncl 
 its Fairs May i, and July 25. 
 
 LOWDHAM, (N^tt.) i m. front 
 Trent, bet. Nottingham and South- 
 well, bel. anciently to a family of the 
 fame name ; but coming to the crown, 
 Hen. IIL granted it to Waiter By let y 
 and his heir:; ; b\it at length it fell 
 to Sir Baldwin Trcvik ; from whole 
 heirs it defctndcd to the V/illoughbys 
 of Wollaton ; but it was lately Sir Fr. 
 Dalfton's, the lady Rerefby's, and 
 Mrs. Manning's. 
 
 # Low-EAST,(Cerw.)i85ein. 
 23-2 mm. from London, in the poft- 
 road from Plymouth, is an ancient 
 Bor. by prefcripticn, made a corp. by 
 charter of Q._ Eliz. confiding of 9 
 burgefies, one of whom is yearly, 
 chofen the mayor, a recorder, aid. Cjff ; 
 And the mayor, magistrates, aad free- 
 men, who are about 68, chufe ths 
 members of Pt. This being a manor 
 of the duchy of Cornwall, was fet- 
 tled by K. William on Ld. Somers> 
 and is now held by the corp. at the 
 fee-farm rent of acj. a year. Here 
 is a poor battery of 4 guns, and a 
 fmall chapel, which was much beau- 
 tified by Sir Ton. Trelawney, the late 
 Bp. of Winchefter, whofe family feat 
 is near this pbce. The minifter of 
 St. Martin's, the mother-Ch. and 
 burial-place, is obliged to preach in it 
 once in 3 weeks. The chief trade is 
 fifoing for pilchards. Its Mt. is S. 
 the Fairs Feb. 2, and Sept. 29. 
 
 * LOW-WEST, called alfo Port- 
 Pigham, is divided from the former 
 by a ftone-bri<lge of 15 arches over 
 the r. Low ; from whence both Ts. 
 receive their name, as the r. does 
 from the lownefs of its current bet. 
 its high banks. The corp. by charter 
 of Q^ Eliz. confifts of 12 burgeffes, 
 one of whom is annually chofen may- 
 or, and with the other hurgefies has 
 power to chuie a ftcward. Its mem- 
 bers, whom it has fent to Pt. eve^ 
 fmce the 6th of Edw. VI. are elecled 
 by the corp. and freemen, who ar$ 
 about 60. Here is a pretty little har- 
 bour ; v
 
 L O 
 
 TO 
 
 L.tr 
 
 bur ; an d there was a chapel of cafe 
 in the R. of Hen. VIII. which was 
 afterwards converted into a T.-hall ; 
 and the T. lying in the p. cf Talland, 
 the people go thither to Ch. The 
 manor was originally in the family of 
 Treverbin ; from which it defcended 
 to theCarminows and Courtney?, but 
 was by Hen. VIII. united to the 
 duchy of Cornwall, and vefted in the 
 eorp. for 241. a year. The Mt. is 
 0:1 .5. FairW/r;'/25. St. George'?, 
 a fmali iflanrf near the mouth of its 
 harbour, abounds with fea pyes. The 
 ti here is navigable for veflels of loo 
 tons. 
 
 LOWTHEH, (f^Jixsr,} on the r. 
 Loder, frum whence it is fuppcicd to 
 take its name, is z m. from Penrith, 
 and gave name, as fome think, to 
 the honourable family of Lowther, 
 who have had their feat here, called 
 Lowther-Hall, for many ages ; tho* 
 ethers derive it from the name of one 
 ef the ancient Danifli Kgs. Loth-er, 
 two words that fignify wealth and ho- 
 nour, or rather from Lotharius, the 
 name of feveral princes, and even 
 mperors of Germany. The manor 
 be), anciently to that cf Appleby 
 and the Lds. of it held it by cornage, 
 a Ibrt of military tenure, from the 
 Viponts and Cliffords, Barons of 
 Weftmoreland. It gives title of Ba- 
 ron to Vifc. Lonfdale. Not far from 
 its r. there is a row of pyramidal 
 flones, 8 or 9 foot high, which ex- 
 tends a mile. 
 
 LOXLZY, (Warw.) on the S. E. 
 fide of Stratford upon Avon, was given 
 to Worcefter Ch. about 300 years be- 
 fore the Norman conqueft. In the 
 R. of Hen. III. the manor-houfe and 
 great part of the eftate was given to 
 the canons of Kenil worth ; but at the 
 DifT. Hen. VIII. granted it to Tho. 
 Cawarden, and his wife ; on whofe 
 death, without ifTue, it reverted to 
 the crown, and was granted to Rob. 
 Croft, and in the R. of Q^EIiz. fold 
 to Lodowick Grevil and Fran. Gill, 
 ti whom the latter releafed his right j 
 
 and it was afterwards fold by tfce fai4 
 Grevil to Edw. Nevil, Efq; but in 
 the fame R. it was in the pofTeflion 
 of Will. Underhill ; from whom it 
 patted to Sir Simon Clarke of Salford { 
 and from him to Edw. Nafh of Strat- 
 ford, who was a captain in Oliver's 
 army ; fmce which it came, by mar- 
 riage of his grandaughter, to Frank - 
 lyn Millar of Hide- Hal] in Hartford, 
 /hire. 
 
 LUBBSNHAM, (Lett.') nearHar- 
 borough, had a Mt. and Fair, granted 
 by Edw. III. long fince difufed. Its 
 Ch. bel. anciently to the mon. cf 
 Sulby. 
 
 LUDDEXHAM, (Alnf) 2 m. from 
 Fever/hum, v.as anciently a manor cf 
 the Luddenham family ;' from which 
 it came to the Norwoods ; and from 
 them to the Frogenhalls 5 and from 
 thence it parted by the heirefs to the 
 Quadrings, Drylands, and Kifloni. 
 It is a manor of 321 acres. 
 
 LUDDINGTON, (War<w,} to the 
 S.W. cf Stratford on Avon, bel. an- 
 ciently to the fee of Worcefter, and 
 afterwards to the Burdets ; from 
 whom it pailed by marriage to the fa- 
 mily of the late Ld. Conway. 
 
 4c LUDGERSHAL, {Wilts) 57 
 
 miles from Lcr.don, is an ancifnt 
 Bor. by prefcription, though but a 
 fmall hamlet near the foreft of Chute, 
 in a delightful country, and the refi- 
 dence cf feveral Ks. It had formerly 
 a caftle bel. to JefFery Fitz-Petre, that 
 rich Ld. Ch.-Juft. who gave K~ John 
 a great fum to create him E. of Effex. 
 In the R. of K. Edw. III. this ma- 
 nor was vefted in the Ld. Molirs; 
 and Edw. IV. granted it in fpecial 
 tail to George D. of Clarence ; fince 
 which we find no account of its other 
 conveyances, till it came to the late 
 general Webb. It is governed by a 
 bailiff, chofen yearly at the Ld. of 'the 
 manor's court-leet. On the neigh- 
 bouring downs there ufed (to be 
 horfe-racrs. Here was a park, that 
 bel. to the D..cf Someriet, the pro- 
 tcftor. 
 
 LVD.
 
 L U 
 
 L U 
 
 LubHAM, (Norf.) bet. Accli aril 
 Hickling, bcl. formerly to St. Ben- 
 net's, its neighbouring abbey j but 
 Henry VIII. fettled it on the Bp. of 
 Norwich and his chapter; and the 
 Bp. had formerly a palace here, called 
 Ludham-Hall. 
 
 # LUDLOW, (Salop) 18 m. from 
 Shrewfbury, 107 cm. 1 36 mm. from 
 London, Hands on the N. fide of the 
 Temd, near its conflux with the 
 Corve, on the b. of Worcester and 
 Hereford/hires. This T. was much 
 damaged by the civil wars during the 
 Rs. of K. Stephen and Henry VI. 
 but always recovered, efpecially after 
 Hen. VIII. eftabl.flied the council of 
 the marches, whole Ld. pref.dent 
 uled to keep his courts here, till it 
 was diluted in the R. of K. William, 
 who appointed two Lds. lieutenants 
 of N. and S. Wales. It receives great 
 advantages by its thoroughfare to 
 Walc, and the education of the 
 Wclih youth of both fexes. The 
 inn. are reckoned very polite. It j> 
 as neat and clean a T. as any in 
 England, and it is as flouriiliing as 
 moft in this part of it. It was in- 
 corporated by dw. IV. has a power 
 of trying and executing criminals di- 
 itintr. from the Co. and is governed 
 by two bailiffs, 12 aid. 25 C. C. a 
 recorder, a T.-clerk, ftcward, cham- 
 berlain, coroner, &c. The T. is 
 divided into 4 wards, has 7 gates in 
 its walls, and a caflle over the Corve, 
 that was befieged and taken by K. 
 Stephen, of which fomc of the offices 
 are fallen down, and great part of it 
 turned into a bowling-green ; but 
 part of the royal apartments and 
 the fword of ftate are flill left. The 
 walls were at firft I m. in corn, and 
 there was a lawn before it for near 
 2 m. of which much is now in- 
 clofcd. The battlements are very high 
 and thick, and adorned with towers. 
 It has a neat chapel, where are the 
 coats of arms of abundance of the 
 . Welfti gentry, and over the ftable 
 doors arc the arms of (^..Eiiz, the 
 
 Earls of Pembroke, &e. This cafllb 
 was a palace of the Prince of Wales, 
 in right of his Principality. The r. 
 Temd has a good bridge over it, fe- 
 veral wears acrofs it, and turns 
 great many mills. Here is a large 
 parochial Ch. which was formerly 
 collegiate, in the choir whereof is an 
 inscription relating to Prince Arthur, 
 elder brother to K. Hen. VIII. who 
 died here, and whole bowels were 
 here deposited, though it is faid his 
 heart was taken up fome time ago in 
 a leaden box. In this choir is a 
 clofet, commonly called the Godt- 
 Houfe, where the prielts ufed to 
 keep their confecratcd utenlils 5 and 
 in the Alt. -place is a conouit, with a 
 long rfone crofs on it, and a niche 
 wherein is the image of St. Lawrence, 
 to whom theCh. was dedicated. On 
 the N. fide of the T. there was a 
 rich priory, whereof there are few 
 ruins to be feen, except thofe of its 
 Ch. Here are an almlh. for 30 poor 
 people, and 2 ch. fcs. where 50 boys 
 nd 30 girls arc both taught and 
 cloathed. It has a great Mt. on M. 
 and 3 lefier ones on W. F. and S, 
 Its Fairs are f. before Eajier, Wbit- 
 \.-n.iy. June 24, Aug. 4 and -JO, 
 Sift. 17, Nov. i and 15. Provi- 
 fions are very cheap here ; and at 
 the annual horfe-raccs there is the 
 Left of company. The country round 
 is exceeding pleaiant, fruitful and po- 
 pulous, efpecially that part called the 
 Corvefdale, being the vale on the 
 banks of the r. Corve. 
 
 LUFFENHAM, N. and S. (Rutl.) 
 4 m. from Uppingham, fuppofed to 
 have been anciently one T. bel. in the 
 R, of Henry I. to the Beauchamps* 
 In later times the Digbys had a 
 moiety of the manor of N. Luften- 
 ham; and the Harringtons had a 
 manor there, which was bought in 
 the R. of Charles I. by Hemy Noel, 
 fecond fon of the Vifc. Cambden, 
 who made it his feat. Now it bel, 
 to the Barker,, Digby and Burton 
 families. The Digbys have a man. 
 fcon*
 
 L U 
 
 L U 
 
 f-oiuhoufe here, and Will. Burton, 
 tig; a very handfome houfe and 
 gardens. 
 
 LUFF WICK, (NorrbafKf,) on the 
 K.W. fide of Thrapfton, WMS the 
 manor of Sir Henry Green of Dray- 
 ton, and paffed by marriate to the 
 Stafford* Us. of Buckingham. 
 
 Lu L LINGS To^, (Kent] on the 
 Derwent, was anciently the fcjt of a 
 noble family of that name, and after- 
 wards of the Rofll-s, Rokefieys, and 
 Peches, and by the heirefs of the 
 Peches it came to the late Sir Per- 
 cival Hart. Sir John Peche, who 
 was Ld. of this Ti founded an almfii. 
 here, and gave 500 /. to other pious 
 ufes, to be performed by the grocers 
 company in London. 
 
 LULWORTH, EAST arxJ WEST, 
 ( Dorft'Jb. ) betw. Weymouth and 
 Corfo-Cartle, was the manor and feat 
 of Mr. WeW, much admired by 
 Charles II. 
 
 LUMLEY.CAJTLE and PARK, 
 {Durham) on the E. fide of the r. 
 Were, oppofite to Chefter-in-the- 
 Street, was the ancient feat of the 
 Lumie)S, and now of the Earl of 
 Scarborough, to whom it gives title 
 of Baron. The caftie has very cu- 
 rious paintings of feveral anceftors of 
 this noble family for fome hundred 
 years part, in the habits of the times 
 \vherein they lived } and they fay, 
 that K. James I. lodging in this 
 caitle, when he came from Scotland 
 to the throne, and feeing a fine pic- 
 ture of die ancient pedigree of the 
 femiiy. which carried it very far be- 
 yond what he thought credible, fa;d, 
 in a jefl, to the Bp. of Durham, who 
 ftewed it, That be did rat hnsna be- 
 fore that Adamt furname tvat Lum- 
 ley. There is a ferry to this feat 
 ver the Were, rented at 6 /. a year, 
 by a man and his wife, who have a 
 little houfc in the park, and carry 
 over perfons for a half-peny. This 
 park abounds with the beft coals in 
 the country, which, with the r. near 
 it. that is fome times navigable, 
 whereby they a.'C cired down io 
 
 Sursderland, makes the park alj in- 
 exhauftible treafure to the Lumley 
 family. At Lumley T. is an hof. 
 creeled by Sir John Duck, for twelve 
 poor women, and a chaplain , to 
 which the inh. being far from the 
 p. Ch. have the convenience of re 
 forting for di^ne ferviee, 
 
 L u N r>, ( York. E. R. ) on th<- 
 N. W. fide of Bcverley, had in the 
 R. or dw. I. the grant of a Mt. on 
 Tb. fince difuied, and a Fair Nov. I 
 and 2. Ir is the feat of Mr. Re- 
 mington. 
 
 LvNDv-IsT.AKn, though 50 m. 
 in the fea, off the N. W. coaft of 
 Devonshire, has fprings of frefh wa- 
 ter. It is 5 m. long and 2 broad, 
 but fo incompaffed with inaccerliMe 
 rocks, that it has but one entrance 
 to it, fo narrow, that i men can fcarce 
 go abreaft. It is reckoned in the H. 
 of Branton. It had once both a fort 
 and a chapel. The S. part of it it 
 indifferent good foil, but the N. part 
 of it is pretty barren, and has a high 
 pyramidical rock, called the Con- 
 ftable. Here are horfes, kine, hogs, 
 and goats, with great ftore of iheep 
 and rabbets j but their chief commo- 
 dity is fowl, with which it abounds 
 much, their eggs being very thick 
 on th ground at their feafon of 
 breeding. No venomous creature will 
 live in this ifland, which, in the R. 
 of Edward III. bel. to the Lutterels, 
 and of late to the Greenvills. In the 
 R. of Hen. VIII. one Will. Morifco, 
 who had confpired to murder him at 
 Woodftock, fled to this ifland, which 
 he fortified, turned pirate, and did 
 much damage to this coaft, but was 
 taken by furprize at length, with 
 1 6 of his accomplices, and put to 
 death. 
 
 LUPPIT, or LOVEPIT, (Devon.) 
 on the r. that comes from Up- 
 Ottery, had its name from the lovely 
 valley here, once the habitation of a 
 religious order, which, when difce- 
 vered> was tranflated to the abbey of 
 Newcnham,
 
 LU 
 
 TO 
 
 L Y 
 
 LtJPTOV, (Devon.) in the p. of 
 Brixham, the ancitnt feat of the Pe- 
 verels, went by marriage to John 
 Upton, whofe descendant, Arthur 
 Upton, Efq; lately enjoyed it, 
 
 LUSTKLEJGH, (Devon,) near the 
 r. Bovy, not far from Bovy-Tracy, 
 was the Lp. of the Widworthys, and 
 fold in the R. of Henry IV. to Will. 
 Burlefton, who conveyed it to Sir 
 John Wadham; in whofe pofterity 
 it remained to the death of Sir Nich. 
 Wadham. 
 
 f^ LUTON, (Bedf.) 3 m. from 
 Dunftable, 8 from St. Albans, in the 
 road to Okeham, and 28 cm. 29 mm. 
 from London, is noted for the mf. of 
 ftraw hats, and has a corn Mt. on M. 
 with Fairs April 23, and Aug. 15. 
 Here was a chapel adjoining to the 
 Ch. founded in the R. of Hen. VI. by 
 John Ld. Wenlock ; who forfeiting 
 it, Edw. IV. beAowed it on his cour- 
 tiers j and in the next R. it bel. to 
 John Rotheram, Efqj heir to Thomas 
 Abp. of York. 
 
 J^P LuTTERWOiTH, (LeiC.) 
 
 71 cm. 84 mm. from London, had 
 for its rector the famous reformer 
 John WickclifF, who died and was 
 buried here ; but his bones were 
 taken out of his grave, and burnt 
 40 years after, by order of the council 
 ofCenftance. The pulpit he preached 
 in is ftill preferved in its Ch. Dr. 
 Buibyj the rioted mafter of Wcftmin- 
 rter fchool, was a!fo buried here. The 
 Mt. is Tb. Fairs Jan. 6, 3 Tbt. after 
 Epiphany, March 22, A(cenfion-day. 
 The Roman Watling-Street runs on 
 the W. fide of the T. The manor 
 formerly bel. firft to the Verdons, and 
 then to the Grays, who forfeited it to 
 the crown. The FieJciings, an ancient 
 family in this ftire, had their feat 
 kere. In the neighbourhood is a pe- 
 trifying fpring. 
 
 ^ LYDD, (Katt,) 2m. and half 
 S. W. of Romney, of which T. and 
 port it is a member, 63 cm. 75 mm. 
 from London, is a populous T. with 
 a Mt. en Ti>. ?nd Fair July 13. 'Tis 
 ed L>y tLe name ci a bailiff, 
 
 ( elected July 22 ) jurats, and com- 
 monalty. In the Beach near Stone* 
 End, is a heap of ftones, fancied to 
 be the tomb of Crifpin and Crifpianus. 
 And sear the fea, is a place, called 
 Holmftone, confiding of beach and 
 pebble-ftones j which abounds never- 
 thelefs with holm-trees. Here is a 
 ch. fc. 
 
 - L Y D D i N 6 T o N, and its Park, 
 (Rut/.) bet. Uppingham and Rocking- 
 ham, is the ancient manor-place of the 
 Bps. of Lincoln, who had a palace, 
 with a Mt. here, till Hen. Holbech, 
 theBp. in the R. of Edw. VI. gave thia 
 manor to that K. who granted it t 
 Gregory Li. Cromwell, and his wife, 
 for their lives, at the yearly rent of 
 14 /. odd money 5 but the reverfion was 
 granted to Will. Cecil Ld. Burleigh, 
 father to him who was by K. James I. 
 created Earl of Exeter ; in whofe fa- 
 mily, we are told, it ftill remains. The 
 epifcopal palace here was, in 1602, 
 converted by Thomas Ld. Burleigh, 
 then Ld. of the manor, into an hof. 
 which he endowed for a warden, iz 
 poor men, and 2 women, and gave it 
 the name of Jefus-Hofpital. 
 
 LYDNEY, (Gloc.) upon the Severn, 
 near Newenham, is a large p. with 
 feveral hamlets and manors ; two of 
 which, named Lydncy, formerly bel. 
 to the Beauchamps and Nevils Earl* 
 of Warwick, and the Talbots Earls of 
 Shrewfbury. Being afterwards in the 
 crown, they were granted to Sir Tho. 
 Seymour ; who forfeiting them by his 
 attainder, Q.^ Eiiz. granted them to 
 Sir William Winter, vice-admiral of 
 England, for his defence of it againlt 
 the Spaniih Armada. In that re- 
 markable year 1588, he began 
 fiately houfe here, called White- 
 Crofs, which his pofterity have in- 
 habited ever fmce. His grandfon, Sir 
 John Winter, who was engaged for 
 K. Cha. I. through the whole civil 
 wars, being once hard prefled by the 
 rebels clofe at his heels, miraculoufly 
 faved hi lii'e, by leaping into the r 
 from the rocks of Tydenham j which 
 place to this day bears ths name of 
 F f Winter's,
 
 L Y 
 
 L Y 
 
 WinterVLeap. Here is' an almfli. bel. to John Daneys. In the R. of 
 
 and a feat of Een. Bathurft, Efq;. Edward VI. it was in the family of 
 
 LY nsi N G, (Kent,} nearGravefend, Peyton ; from which it was conveyed 
 
 bel. iorrnerly to the priory of Roche- to John Hunt, whofe fon mortgaged 
 
 fter ; but at the Dill'. K. Hen. VIII. it in the R. of Q._ Eliz. to Tobias 
 
 gave it to the D. and C. Here it Loveday of Stamford. In later times 
 
 was that Mr. Lambard fays 600 Nor- it was purchafed by Sir Abel Barker, 
 
 man young gentlemen, who came over and his brother Themas ; and the 
 
 with the young Princes Alfred and late Sir Tho. Barker, Ion of Sir Abel, 
 Edward, the fons of K. Ethelred, after^ had his feat here, as has now Sam. 
 
 the death of the Danifli K. Canute, to Barker, Efq; who married the daugh- 
 
 take poffeffion of theirfather's throne, ter of the Rev. Mr. Will. Whifton. 
 
 \yere maffhcred by Godwin Earl of LYNFORD,GREAT andLiTTiE, 
 
 Kent, who fought thereby to fecure (Bucks,) near Newport-Pagnel. At 
 
 it to himfelf and his family. Here is the former, which was the feat of 
 
 a chapel of eafe to Gillingham. the late Richard Uthwait, Eiq; is a 
 
 L VLB CRN, (Nortbamp.) to the ch. fc. The latter was anciently a 
 
 N. E. of Hilmcrton, near Dow-Bridge chapel in the p. of Newport, and the 
 
 over the Avon, was anciently the feat of John Knapp, Efq;. 
 
 manor and feat of the Camvils, who 
 built a caftle here, of which, it 
 faid, there are ftill fame remains ; 
 
 LYNN-REGIS, or KING'S- 
 LYNN, (Norfolk,} 80 cm. 98 mm. 
 from London, was a Bor. by prefcrip- 
 
 and from whom it went by marriage, tion before K. John ; who, becaufe 
 in the R. of K. John, to Thomas Ld. it adhered to him. againft the Barons, 
 Aftley. It is fuppofed to have been made it a free Bor. with large privi- 
 one of the Roman ftation?, by its leges, appointed it a proveft, and gave 
 fituation on the Watling-Street, one it a filver cup of about So ounces, 
 of their highways, and by the pave- doubly gilt and enamelled, and four 
 ments, trenches, ruins of walls and large filver maces that are carried be- 
 houfes, hills for caftles, hillocks for fore the mayor ; as is K. Hen. VIII's 
 baftions, &c. at and near it ; and fword, which he gave to the T. 
 particularly by the veftigia of a fort, when it came into his hands by ex- 
 at the mount called the Round-Hi!/. change with the Bp. of Norwich 5 
 LYMING, (Kent,) z m. S. of after which it was called King's- 
 Elham, in the road to Hith, had Lynn, whereas before it was Bifliop's- 
 a nunnery, the f:te of which was Lynn. K. Hen. III. made it a mayor- 
 granted by K. Hen. VIII. to the See T. for its ferving him againft the 
 of Canterbury ; and upon the Abp's. Barons. It has had 15 royal char- 
 exchange of it for another eftate, the ters, and is governed by a mayor, 
 fame K. granted it to Sir Anth. Au-' high-fteward,under-fteward, recorder, 
 cherj in whofe family it continued 12 aid. and i8C. C. It hzs z Chs. 
 till Sir Anthony fold it, in the laft befides St. Nicholas, a chapel of eafe 
 century, to Sir John Roberts of Can- to St. Margaret's, a prefbyterian and 
 terbury. a quaker's meeting-houfe ; with a 
 
 LyNnHOLM, orLiNDHAM, bridewell or workhoufe, and feveral 
 (York. W.R.) in a morafs below Hat- almfhs. a fr. fc. a good cuftom-houfe, 
 field ; where, it is faid, no fparrows with a convenient quay, and ware- 
 were ever feen, though it is a good houfes. In All-Saints p. is a fmall 
 foil for both pafture und corn. hof. where 4 poor men live rent-free ; 
 
 LYNDON, (Rut/.) in the great N. and another, called St. Mary Mag- 
 road, within 5 m. of Stamford, was dalen's, which was a priory founded 
 granted by K. Edw. III. to Robert de in the R. of K. Stephen ; but rebuilt 
 Coiby 5 but in the R, of Edw, IV. it in 4649, and s now under the cae 
 l of
 
 L Y 
 
 L Y 
 
 of two of the fenvor aid. chofen by 
 the other governors. In 1681 a rui- 
 nous old chapel here was turned into 
 a workhoufe, where 50 poor children 
 are taught both to read, and fpin 
 wool, and when at fit age are put out 
 apprentices. By aft of Pt. it is fet- 
 tled in the guardians of the poor. In 
 Sept. 1741 the fpires of its 2 Chs. 
 were both blown down by a ftorm of 
 wind ; and that of St. Margaret's, 
 which was 193 foot in heighth, hav- 
 ing beat in the body of the Ch. it has 
 been fince rebuilt ; towards which 
 his prefent Majefty K. Geo. II. gave 
 1000 /. and the late E. of Orford, 
 then Sir Rob. Walpole, 500 /. This 
 Ch. was formerly an abbey, and af- 
 terwards one of the largeft p.-Chs. in 
 England. All-Saints Ch. was built 
 on the ruins of a mon. of White- 
 Fryars. The T.-houfe, called Tri- 
 nity-Hal), is a noble old fabrick ; 
 and fo is the exchange, which is of 
 free-ftone, with two orders of co- 
 lumns, and built at the expence of 
 Sir John Turner. St. Nicholas cha- 
 pel, is very aniient, and reckoned one 
 of the faireft and largeft of the kind 
 in England. It has a bell tower of 
 free-ftone, and an eight- fquarc fpire 
 over it ; both which together are 
 170 foot from the ground. There is 
 a library in it, that was erected by 
 fubfcriptien ; to which- the late Ld. 
 Vifc. Townfhend (who took his title 
 of Baron from this T. as did his fa- 
 ther Horatio, fo created in 1661) the 
 late Sir Cha. Turner, and Robt. Bri- 
 tiffe, Efqj and the late Sir Robert 
 Walpo!e, were confiderable benefac- 
 tors. There is another library alfo at 
 St. Margaret's. Here have been for- 
 merly feveral mons. but the only fa- 
 brick remaining here, that bel. to any 
 religious order, is the Gray-Fryar's 
 ftecple, a noted fea-mark. 
 
 The fituation of this T. near the 
 fall of the Oufe into the fea, after 
 having received feveral other is. of 
 which fome are navigable, gives -it an 
 opportunity of extending its trade 
 into ei^ht different Cos. by which 
 
 many confiderable cities and Ts. vix 
 Peterborough, Ely, Stamford, Bed- 
 ford, St. Ives, Huntington; St. Neots, 
 Northampton, Cambridge, St. Ed- 
 mundfbury, and the N. part of Bucks, 
 as well as the inland parts of Norfolk 
 and Suffolk, are fupplied with heavy 
 goods, not only of our own produce, as 
 coals and fait from Newcaftle, but alib 
 of merchandize imported from abroad, 
 especially wine ; of which two arti- 
 cles, fix, coals and wine, this is the 
 greateft port for importation of any 
 place on all the eaftern coaft of Eng- 
 land ; and thofe wherein the Lynn mer- 
 chants deal more largely than any T. 
 in England, except London,Briflol, and 
 Newcaftle. In return for this, Lynn 
 receives back all the corn, which the 
 Cos. juft mentioned produce, for ex- 
 portation ; and therefore fends more 
 of it abroad than any port, except 
 Hull. The foreign trade of the mer- 
 chants here is very confiderable, ef- 
 pecially to Holland, Norway, and the 
 Baltick, and alfo to Spain and Portu- 
 gal ; and formerly they drove a good 
 trade to France, till it was turned off, 
 by treaties on one hand, and by pro- 
 hibitions, high duties, &c. on the 
 other, to Spain and Portugal. The 
 harbour is fafe when (hips are in it, 
 but difficult to enter, by reafon of the 
 many flats and flioals in the pa(Tage j 
 but they are well buoyed, and good 
 pilots are always ready. The T. con- 
 lifts of about 2400 houfes, and ap- 
 pears to have been very ftrong, by the 
 ruins of the works demolifhed in the 
 civil wars ; which, however, are eafy 
 to be reftored, and the T. might be 
 made defenfible, at leaft, in a very 
 few days. St. Ann's platform at ths 
 N. end mounts 12 great gun?, and 
 commands all the /hips p' ailing near 
 the harbour ; and towards the land, 
 befides the wall, are 9 regular baf- 
 tions, and a ditch. Four rivulets run 
 through the T. and the tide of the 
 Oufe, which is about as broad lu-re 
 as the Thames at London-Bridge, rifts 
 20 feet perpendicular. The T. ii 
 fupplied with fre/h- water by conduits 
 F f a and
 
 L Y L Y 
 
 and pipes from the neighbourhood, the wild-fowl common to marftes, 
 
 In the great Mt.-place a Uatue was befides the abundance of fea and river- 
 
 erefled in 1686, to the honour of K. fifti ; fo that he thinks there is no 
 
 James II. There is another fpaciout place in Great-Britain, if in Europe, 
 
 fine Mt.-place, adorned -with a ftatue has fuch a variety in fo fmalJ a com. 
 
 of K.Will. HI. and a 6necrofs, with of ground. At a fmall diftance from 
 
 a dome and gallery round it fuppcrted the T. ftands that, called the Lawy's- 
 
 by 16 pillars. The Mt.-houfe is of Mount, or Red-Mount, where was 
 
 ftee-ftone, fupported by 16 columns, once a chapel dedicated to the Virgin 
 
 and 70 foot high, erected on 4 fteps, Mary, which was a refting place for 
 
 neatly adorned with ftatues, &c, pilgrims on their way towards her 
 
 Every firft M. in the month, the convent at Walfingham. The K*s. 
 
 mayor, aid. preachers, &c, meet to ftaith-yard,orquay,wherethegreateft 
 
 hear and determine all controverfiej part of ^the imported wines is landed, 
 
 amicably, for preventing law-fuits. and put into large vaults, is a hand- 
 
 This was firft eftablifhed anno 1588, fome fquare, with biick buildings j ia 
 
 and is called The feafl of Reconcilia- the centre whereof is a ftatue of K, 
 
 tieit. The Mts. are Tu. and 5. the James J. People pafs from hence in 
 
 Fairs Feb. 2, for a fortnight, and a beats into the fen country, and over 
 
 cheefe-fair on Off. 6. The former the famous wafiies into Lincolnshire 
 
 is called Lynn-Mart. in boats, which are often loft by veu- 
 
 The adherence of this T. to K. turing out at an improper feafon, and 
 
 John anl K, Henry III. as above- without guides, 
 mentioned are not the only inftances At NORTH -LYNN, which lies at 
 
 of its loyalty to its fovereigns j for, the very mouth of the Oufe open to 
 
 jn the late civil wars, it held out for the fea, was a Ch. called St. Ed. 
 
 K. Charles I. and fuftained a formal mond's, which was long ago entirely 
 
 fiege of above 18,000 men of the fwaliowed up by it. At the S. end of 
 
 parliament -army, for above three Lynn-Regis ficod an oil-mill x'ramwi 
 
 weeks j but, for want of relief, was in Holland, that was brought from 
 
 obliged to furrenskr, and fubmit to thence 100 years ago; but in the year 
 
 the terms of paying ioj. a head for 1737 it wasconfumed by fire, 
 every mh. and a month's pay to the OLP, which is called alfo WET- 
 
 foldiers, to fave the T. from plun- LYNN, from its fituation on the W^ 
 
 jfer. fide of the r. over-againft it, has a 
 
 There are more gentry, and con- Ch. in that called Marfn-Land. 
 feque.itly more gaiety in this T. than Lv N s T o c K-C* s T L E, ( Cumb. ) 
 
 in Yarmouth, or even Norwich ; here on the r. Eden, N. E. of Carlifle, bel. 
 
 being fuch plenty of eatable: and formerly to Sc. Mary's Priory at Car- 
 
 dnr;kub!es, that Spelman fays Ceres lifie, but afterwards to the Bp's fee, 
 
 and Bacchus feem to have eftabliflied as it continue* to this day. 
 their magazines here ; the E. fide of LYTCHAM, (Norfolk,} bet. Eaft- 
 
 ttieT. abounding with corn, flieep, Dereham and Caitle-Rifmg,"had for- 
 
 rabbets, hares, &c. the W. fide with merly a Mt. but difufed, fmre its 
 
 cheefe, butter, black cattic, fwaas, and ruin by a fire in the laft century. 
 
 End of Vot. I.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 o 
 
 ; v 
 
 16 
 
 ,> LD-URO 
 
 JUN231975 
 
 APR 51975 
 
 .rm L9-Series 444