E N G L A N D's GAZETTEER; O R, An Accurate DESCRIPTION OF ALL THE CITIES, TOWNS, and VILLAGES of the Kingdom. In THREE VOLUMES. VOL. I. and VOL.11, contain A DICTIONARY of the CITES, CORPORATIONS, MARKET-TOWNS, and the moft noted VILLAGES ; their Manufactures and Trade; Markets, Fairs, Cuftoms, and Privileges ; principal Buildings, and cha- ritable Foundations, &c. With their Diftance from LON D o N 3 in Miles both computed, and meafured. VOL. III. A NEW INDEX VILLARIS, O R, Alphabetical RE GIS T E R of the hfs noted Villages 5 With their Diftance, or Bearing, from the next Market" Town, or well-known Place. This WORK includes all the chief Harbours, Bays, Forefts, Hills, Mines, medicinal Springs, Moors, and other Curiofities both of N ature and Art ; and not only takes notice of moft of the Manors and Seats in the Kingdom, both ancient and prefent ; but alfo points out the old military Ways, Camps, Caftles, and other remarkable Ruins of ROMAN, DANISH, and SAXON An- tiquity: And particularly {hews the Eftatesthat were for- merly 3lbbej>#Lands. LONDON; Printed for J. and P. KNAPTON, D. BROWNE, A. MILLAR J, WHISTON and B, WHITE. M.DCC.II. TO THE Rt. Hon. ARTHUR ONSLOW, KNIGHT of the Shire for Surrey, SPEAKER Of the Hon. Houfe of COMMONS, In EVERY PARLIAMENT Since the Acceffion of K. GEORGE II. AND One of his Majefif* moft Hon. Privy-Council, THESE VOLUMES, I NTITLED EN GLANDS Gazetteer, Are with the greateft Veneration infcribed, and prefented ^w By His HONOUR'S March 14, A. D.l 7 50 -I, the i4th of the Reign r n. r\i T 3 j of K. c E o R c E ii. Mcft Obliged, and and in Seflion the 4th of the loth Parliament -, * n r\i ? TT 7 ; r> of Great. Britain. Moft Obedient Humlh Servant^ STEPHEN WHATLEY. 1289563 PREFACE. THE ufefulnefs of this Gazetteer is fo fully exprefled in the Titlt^ as to render a Preface lefs neceflary ; but its being the only work of the kind, in fo compleat a method, we may be permitted to point out its peculiar advantage, beyond any performance of the like nature hitherto published. The Nation is indebted to that great antiquarian Sir Henry Spelman, for the firft effay of this clafs, in his Villare Anglicum^ which, however imperfecl in its exe- cution, fet others upon improving it, from the various ufes of which they found it productive. The indefatigable and accurate Mr. Speed, annexed to his Maps of each County, an alphabetical index of all the Cities, Towns and Villages therein, with the name of the Hundred, or other divifion, in which each was fituated : But this could be of no ufe to any, who did not previoufly know what County it lay in ; and when the place was, with fome difficulty, found in the map, it was deficient in a very material and en- tertaining point, viz. the Dijlance of fuch Village from its next Place of Note, which was left to the trouble of an uncertain menfuration. The only work of that fort, fince Mr. Speed's, worthy any notice, is Mr. Adams's Index Villaris, which was intended for one compleat alphabetical regifter of every place, whether confiderablt or not, in England. In this improvement on Sir Henry Spelman's and Mr. Speed's vi P R E FA. C E. Speed's attempts, he added not only the County, and divifion of the County, in which each Place was fituate y but alfo the longitude and latitude j and this given at one view to the Reader's infpeclion. Indeed, the great fatisfadion this performance gave the Publick, was very evident from its going through three editions within twenty years ; though the folio fize it was printed in, rendered it too cumberfome a companion to travel with, and too dear a purchace for the generality of Buyers. The variety of improvements this age has produced, both in geographical defcriptions of England, and in the maps of its feveral counties, many of which, \vithiri thefe few years, have been done by aclual fur- veys, and on a large fize and fcale, have given the Compiler of this work opportunity to add above a tbou- fand Pillages omitted by Mr. Adams ; and the extra- ordinary pains he has been at, in the frequent infpeclion of thefe ufeful maps, and the great number of books he has diligently and repeatedly confulted for this pur- pofe, befides informations from correfpondents in dif- ferent parts of the Kingdom, have enabled him to bring this performance to a degree of perfection, beyond his moft fanguine hopes; The clofe application neceflary for fuch an undertaking is eafier conceived than exprelied j but vincit amor patrice. The fincere and high efteem he had for his native country, put him upon this at- tempt feveral years part ; and the hopes that he mould render it an ufeful and acceptable performance to his countrymen, encouraged him to profecute it, through a feries of difficulties, which he now looks back upon with pleafure. In this copious, yet con- cife Alphabetical Defcription ofENGLAND, every perfon ( the Traveller efpecially ) will find both Ufe and Amufement. Its Ufe is very plain, from the diftance which every place of note is ftiewn to be from the great Metropolis of the Kingdom, as well as by par- ticularifmg the Manufactures, and other ufeful circum- ftances by which each Town is peculiarly diftinguifhed ; and PREFACE. vii and its Amufement is as evident, from the enu-* ineratiori of the feveral remarkables of Nature or Art, which each place affords, ,to gratify the curiofity of perfons of different views and taftes. As the plan of the performance required all the brevity that was confident with perfpicuity, it was ne- cefTary to abbreviate a great many of the words, which, if printed at length, would have near doubled the fize of this work, and thereby have enhanced the price ; whereas to render it both cheap and portable, were two points that were always in view, and from which it is. hoped our Readers will not think we have deviated. Though all poflible care has been taken to make it, in every article, correct and exact, yet it is not to be fuppofed, that a compendium of this kind, which contains near 30,000 nam^s of places, mould be en- tirely free from defects or miftakes ; for, during the time it has been compiling, many Manors and Gentlemens Seats may have changed their pof- feflbrs, and new ones been erected : And as neither the Maps, nor the Hiftories of our Counties agree in the fpelling of very many places, we chofe, for moft part, to follow Mr. Adams's Index Fitiaris^ which has the feweft mis-fpellings, and thofe we have rectified. We conclude with refpectfully fubmitting the whole to the candour of the Publick, A N A N EXPLANATION O F The moft common Words, which are ab- breviated in this Work, for the fake of reducing it to a Size for the Pocket. Abp. Archbifhop. inh. Inhabitants. aid. Aldermen. K. King. almfh. Alms-houfe. Km. Kingdom. Bor. Borough. Ld. Lord. Bp. Bimop. Lp. Lordfhip. Bpk. Bifhoprick. M. Monday. bel. bet. belonging, between. m. C milesjf/w.comput- ( ed, mm. meafured. b. borders. mf. Manufacture. ' Co. County. mon. Monaftery. C.C. Com. Council. Mt. Market. Ch. Church. N. North. ch. fc. Charity School. ? parifh. com. compafs. Pt. Parliament. fiprp. Corporation. Q, Queen. D.andC. Dean and Chap. Reign. D. Duke. Ref. Reformation* T*\' ft* c Difiblution of r. river. Dm. 1 Monafteries. S. Saturday. E. Eaft. S. $-, South. E.R. 1 Eaft C Ridings T. Town. W.R. N. R. y Weft \ of i North (Yorkfh. Tb. Tu. Thar/Jay. Tuefday. F. Friday. U. Univerfity. fr, fc. Free School. Vifc. Vifcount. Gt. Government. W. Wednefday. H. Hundred. w. Weft. hof. Hofpital. .B. Every City, or Borough^ that fends Members to Parliament* is diftinguijbed by a * and every Market- Town by a & England^ GAZETTEER, AND INDEX VILLARIS, A B ABBATSTON, alias ABBZRSTON, (Hamfjh.) near Alresford, is a /cat of the D. of Bolton, which was' erected by the firft D. of the family. ABBERTON, (EJJ'cx) near Lex- den, is a manor which K. Hen. VIII. gave to Thomas Ld. Audley, in whofe family it has continued ever fmce. AB BERT ON, (Wore.) near P.ir- fhore, is noted for a bitter purging mineral water. ABBINGTON, (Nortbawp.) near the T. of that name, is a manor of which the Barnard family of Hun- tingdon was poflefled above 200 years ; and now the feat of John Harvey-Thurlby, Efqj who has late- ly erctled paper-mills in Northamp- ton. ABBOTS, or Apiwoon-CAS- T i. E, (Staff.) is an old fort in the p. ofScifJon, on the b. of Shropshire, 7 m. from Wolverhampton, and on the N. fide of the road from Shrews- bury to London. ABBOTS-BECKINGT ON, ( De- von.) on the r. To\\ ridge, before it loins the Ock, was once a cell to Hartland-abby. j> AP.BOTSBURY, (Dorfet.)on t.he court, 7 m, from Weymouth, 10 from DortheftOj and 133 from London 3 fo called from its ancient A B abby, which had 10 monks. TKe Strangcways, now Homers, have a noble fwannery here, in which there are not lefs than 7000 fwans. Here is a fair, June 29. The Mt. is Tb. ABBOTSBUR v, (Hartf.) in the p. of Barley, near Barkway, is a manor which at the Ref, was given to Sir Ralph Rowlet, from whole family it came to Sir Tho. Bydc. ABBOTSTON, or ABSTON , (Ghuc.) a manor near Kingfwood, which bel. anciently to GJaftonbury- abby, but was purchafed by K. Hen. VIII. and given to Mr. John Win- ter, the grandfather 'of Sir John ; from whom it patted afterwards to Mr. Haynes, who had a handfome feat here. 'Tis alfo called WY KK, from a winding brook that runs by it ; and here is a ch. f. for all the poor children of this place and Neigl:. bourhood. ABBY.MANOR, (Berks) 3 m. from Wantage, was given to the Mon. of Reading by the Emprefs Maud, but was lately in the poll'el- fion of Charles Eyfton, Efq; {^ As ER FOR TH,or ABUR FORD, (T'ortt. W.R.) zio m. from London, noted for the Mf. of Fins,hafaMt.on T'u. fairs Ap. 21, and Sepr. 19. The T. ftands on the great Rcman-cau- fey, which, all the way to Catfleford- bridge, appears as entire as when firft made, tho' 'tis near 1600 years ojd. B Under A B Under the T. runs the r. Cock, and near it may be feen the foundation of an old fort, called Caftle-cary. Here was formerly a priory. {^> ABERGAVENNY, (Monm.] 12 cm. 15 mm. from Monmouth, and no cm. from London ; is a large, populous, flourifhing T. governed by a bailiff^ recorder, and zj bnrgerTes. 'Tis walled, and had once a caftle, as alfo a priory and a chantry. It flands at the mouth of the r. Gaven- nyjrunning into theUlk,over which it has a fine (tone bridge of 1 5 arches. It carries on a confiderable trade in flannels, which the makers in the country bring hither to fell. 'Tis well furnifhed with accommodation for travellers, and a great thorough- fare from the W. parts of Wales to Briftol and Bath,by Chepftow, and to Gloccfterby Monmouth,crorTingther. thro' Colford, and the foreft of Dean. It; fairs are on May 3, Trinity Ta. ^:id Scft.iq. Mt. on Ta. It gives ti- : of Baron to the Ncvil family, the iirit Barons of England. Coals are io cheap in this country, that a horfe- Joad may be had at the pit for 2 d. ABERI.Y, ABVRLEY, or AB- *OTESLY, (fforc.} 5 m. from Bewdly, and io from Droitwich, i'tands near the Severn, from whence runs a ridge of hills to that called the ITeme-, on the top whereof ftands Aberley-lodge, a feat of one of the branches of the Walfhe's family, de- kended from Sir Hen. le Walih,Kt. -in the reign of Hen. III. ^ A B I N G D o N, [Berks] the /hire T. 46 cm. and 55 mm. from London, has its name from its anci- ent abby, (where in 1084, Will, the Conq. kept his Eafter) gives title of 'I. to the Bertie family, and is go- verned by a mayor, 2 bailiffs, and 9 aldermen, purfuant to a charter of Q. Mary. It has 2 ch. an hof. for 6 poor men and as many women ; a i. (. and a ch. f. Its chief mf. is M;:lt, whereof great quantities are l'.::t by water to London, which is i 50 m. Its Fairs are the firft M. A C in Lent, Apr. 25, y UHli 9) y u /y Z5) &e;r. 2, M. before Micbafhr.js, and Nt,-v. 30. Mts.M. and F. The feveral ftreets centre in a fpacious arts, m which ftands its mt. houfe,ot' rr.oi; cu- rious aflilerwork,not inferior to any in England ; being buiit on lofty pillars, with a large hall above it, where they 'hold the affixes for the co. and tranf- aft all the bufmefs of the corp. ABINGER, (Xuny) nearDarking. Its ch. has a fine ring of bells, fa- voured not a little by the eccho of the neighbouring hills. Here is faid to be the tomb of Ld. Audley, who was beheadt-d in the R. of Hen. VII. AB ING WORTH, (Surry) near Godalming, and Stoke, has a Fair on St. James" s-D ay for cattle on the T. manor, of which the Evelyn's fami- ly are Lds. ^ ABi.ons-CouRT, near Gloucef- ter, on the Severn, was formerly one of the manfions of the abbots of Cioucefter, which came after the Ref. to the family of the Guifes, and was lately fold by general Guife to Sam. Cockerel, Efqj ABS COURT, (Snn-j) in the p. of Walton upon Thames. The Ld. of this manor, which is likewife called APS ,ufed formerly upon All-fouls day, to give a barrel of' beer, and a quarter of corn baked into loaves, to as many poor as came. This charity was be- gun in the days of Popery, 'in order, as 'tis fuppofed, to encourage the prayers for deliverance of fouls out of purgatory. ABTON, (Salop] near Wenlock, is a manor which bel. heretofore to the Lovels, and Burnels, and came af- terwards to the Norfolk family. ABURY, or AUBERY, (Witt) near Marlboro ff- downs, noted for the ftupcndous remains of a Druids tem- ple, defcribed by Dr. Stukely, being a collection of huge rtones, like ftone- henge on Salifbury-plain. A new road is lately ftruck out this way from London to Bath. Ac K WORTH, ACK WORTH - HALEE, ACKWORTH-LOWZR, and ACK- A C A D AcKwoRTH-MORE,are fourLps.in the W. R. ot Yorkshire, near Ponte- fraft, which formerly bel. to the Ds. of Lancafler. ACONBURV, (Hcref.) 3 m. from the city, had formerly a nunnery, and was the ancient (eat of the Chandos family. Ac R Y s E , or AWKRIDGE, (ATc'wf ) a manor near Eltlxam, which came to Sir Rob. Lewkner, by marriage with a daughter of Alex. Hamcn, i-fq; ACTON, (Kent) in the p. of Cha- rine, was the Teat of the Branfort fa- mily, till the R. of Hen. VII. when it became the eftate of Rob. Arnold, whofe fon fold it to Sir Anth. Send.es, from whom it pafled to Mr. Hutch- ins, and from him to Mr. Godden. ACTON (Sufi'.) in the road from Sudbury to Lenham. The manor- houfe, called Aclon-place, was built by Rob. Jenners, E% who purchas'd the manor of Mr. Daniel, whofe fa- mily had redded in it feveral hundred years. Ac TON-BEAU c HA MP,nearWor- cefter-city, was the Lp. of Walter ALESHAM, (Nerf.} 97 cm. 119 mm. from London, is a popu- lous, but poor T. coniifting chiefly of knitters of Stockings. 'Tis about a quarter of a m. in length,ar.d not much broader. A court is kept here for the Duchy of Lancafter, the manor having been granted,by E. III. to J. of Gaunt, D. of Lancafter. Its Mt. is 5. Fair is Mar. 12. The r. Thyrnruns by it. ALRSWORTH, (Not ting.) near Mansfield, bel. formerly, one part of it to the priory of Burton in Stafford - /hire, and the other part was, after the conqueft, the fee of Will. Pe- verel. The priory of Lenton had alfo 12 d. a year out of the mill of this place, and a mark out of feme other lands, which were held by Ro- bert de Alefworth, and his pofterity. In the R. of Hen. VI. Rich. Baker came into the pofleflion of their part, and his family flouri/hed here for fe- veral defcents. Not many years ago, this town/hip was divided bet. the Willoughbies of Rifley, and Afcougb.3 of Nuthal, defcendeii' from Sir Hen. Willoughby, and Sir Roger Afcough. QZjr' ALFORD, (L/p. of Durham, to hold in tiiift for bor. on a little r. called Alre by Cam- ;ial fon 'till he cr.me to age ; den, but Itching in the maps, and by but the Bp. betrayed his laid truft, the country peopi*. 'Tis govern' d by and 'old both fl'is caftle and honour to a bailiff", and 8 burgefies. Its Mt. on Hen. Piercy, a great man in thole Ti\ is chiefly for fheep. Its Fairs are j:.;rts, from whom the E's. of North - on Ho/v-T/fe.and June 24. On May. umberland defcended, in whofe family day, 1610, this T. was burnt down it remained 'till lately, if it does not by a fire, which broke out in feveral itill : for though in the R. of K. places, almoft at the fame time, and Hen. IV. by the rebellion of Hen. fpared neither the Mt. houfe, nor Hotipur, E. of Northumberland, and Ch. before which difafter there was his father, the caftle and manor, with not one almfman in the p. It has other t.ln'ir i-rt^tes, were feized by the bec.n twice burnt fince, but is hand- Is., as th:-y were again for the fame fornely^ rebuilt. Part of a Roman caiifs, in the R. of Edw. IV. yet the highway, that goes from this place to . was at length reconciled' to the Alton, fervis for the head to a great crown, and had this caftle, CJ>. and pond, or rather a little lake near this molt, or all of their eftatcs reftored. T. in which are abundance of fwans. Aij ir, 164 ; this TT gave a title of There's a neighbouring village, called hiri'.ar ro Ken. Piercy of Alnwick, Old Alresford. Brother to Ah:emoon, E. of Nor- ALREWICK, (Staff".) in the ma- thumberiano. The D. of Somer- nor of Bar, and H. of OfHow, not far let has a fea^ here. Every man, frcm Litchfield, bel. in the R. of who taker up t:is freedom of this T. Hen. III. to the Stapletons, from has caufe to remember K. John, by whom it pafl'ed through the families being obliged, according to a claufe, of the Harecourts, Hillaries, and Ld. 'tis faid, in his charter, to iump into Ferrers's, to the Devcreuxes : and the a bog, wherein thty fometimes fm!i E. of EiTex fold it to Rob. Stamford, to the chin. K.. Lhn travelling this in whofe family it was not many years A L A M years ago, if it be not ftill. There is a reputable family in this place, who bear the name of the village. ALSTON-MOOR, (Cumber.) on the b. of Northumberland, 209 m. from London, has lead ore in an eftat>j here bel. to the Derwentwater family. Mt. on S. A L T E R i N N i s , (Hcref.) on the b. of Monmouthshire, ftands fo, at the winding of the r. Munnow, that 'tis almoft (urrounded with it. It was formerly the feat and manor of Rob. Seilelt, or Ccifel, of Norman defcent, from whom the 2 noble families of the Es. of Salifoury, and Exeter, de- rive their pedigree. ALTHROP, (Nortbamp.) 4m. from Northampton, and 57 from London, is the ancient manor and feat of the noble family of the Spen- fers, in the middle of a charming park, laid out and planted, like that of Greenwich, and on the /kiits of a beautiful Down. "Twas rebuilt, with great improvement, by Rob. E. of Sunderland, grandfather to the pre- fent D. of Marlborough, and is pjr- ti ubrly noted for a magnificent gal- lf .--. fuinifhed with curious paintings !v, the beft hands, and for a noble f water, on which is a fine : icnclola, cam.cf, C7r. {^ ALTON, (Hamp.) bet. Farn- ..: Surry, and Alresford in the om Southampton and Win- : . to London, from whence 'tis 30 cm. and 50 mm. '1 he manor of this T. before the ref. bel. to the Bion. of Hide, at Winchcfter, and it abounds with wood. Here is a ch. f. for 40 boys, and 20 girls. Mt. on S. ALTON-GRANGE, ( L-.ic. ) near A/hby de la Zcuch, bel. foixnerly to the abbey of Garenton, near Louuh- borough, but laft of all to the Es. cf Huntingdon. (t^> A L T R i N c H A M , (Cbe/b.) bet. VVarrington and Stockp'~it ; on the b. of Lanca/hire, is frcm London 137 cm. and 152 mm. "Tis governed by a mayor, and lias a Fair on St. w.-j's'da. Mt. on '7t. ALVINGTON, (G/ouc.) near Lid- ney, in the foreft of Dean, was an- ciently one of the Roman ftations, but is now only a fmall village, with a chapel of cafe to Wollafton. Its manor bel. heretofore to the priory of Lanthony, near Gloucefter, and had a Mt. but at the ref. it parted to Arth. Porter, then to Sir Will. Her- bert, and laftly to Will. Higford, of Dixon, Efq; who had a pleafant feat here. ALWOODLEY, commonly called ALL INGLE Y, (Ysrk, W. R.) near Ottley, formerly the feat of the Franks, and afterwards the eftate of Sir Gervafe Clifton, who had more wives than K. Hen.VIII. for whereas that K. had 3 Kates, 2 Nans, and I Jane, the Knt. had 3 honourable, 3 worfhipful, and I well-beloved. He died in 1666. AMBERI.EY, (Suffix) 4m. from Arundel, and 12 from Chichefter, 43 cm. and 51 mm. from London, is a L-reat thoroughfare from London to the former. It ftands on the r. Arun, and is fuppofed to h;ve always bel. as it doth now, to the Bps. of Chi- chefter, beoufe Will. Read, Bp. of that fee, built a caftle here for his fucceflors, in thcR. of Edw. III. but leafed it out to the Butlers family, who then d\velt here. AMBLECOTE, (Staff. ) on the N. fide of the Stower, not far f r< m Wol- verhampton, bel. formerly to the StarYords of Sandon, and then to the Grays of Enfield, the laft of whicti family is fuppofed to have fold it to the Ld. Dudley, who was poflefled of it in the R. 'of Edw. VI. ($3" AMBLESIDE. (Wejimor.) at the upper end of Winander Meer, 206 cm. and2'5c mm. from London, was anciently a large city, and a fta- tion of the Romans, of %\ hole me- dals many have been found here 5 feme of which are in that collection, which Mr. Brathwaite, of Ambie- fide, gave by a deed, in 1674, to the library of the U.of Oxford. This place is noted for a mf. of cloth. Mt. />". AM- A M A M ^p AM 3 R E s B u R v,(#%j)near the r. Avon, 65 cm. 80 m. from L'. rv.ii n, had its name from the valiant Ambrofi- u 5 Aurelianus,who, in the declenfion of the Roman Empire,afTum'd the Gt.of Britain, and with the amftartce of the valiant Arthur rcpell'd all foreign in- vaders ; but was at length kill'd in a battle on Salifbury-Plain, and buried under Stcnehenge. Here was a men. founded by Ambrofius,for 300 monks, who were to pray fcr the fouls of 27 1 noble Britons, that \vere mdTacred here by the treachery of Hengift, the Saxon. Here was alfo a ftately nun- nery, built and endowed by K. Ed- gar's wife, to attone for the murder of her fon-in-law K. Edward. QJiiea- nor, wife to K. Hen. III. who had renounced ail regal pomp, fpent the latter part of her days in this nunnery. And on AfTumption-day, Anno 1285, Mary, the daughter of K.Edw. 1 ivas veil'd here, together with 1 3 no- blemens daughters. This T. has fe- veral good inns, and a Fair en ALty 6. but not much frequented, though it is a great thoroughfare to Warminfter, Frcome, Weils, GY. and renmkable fora! '. in the r. called ilcrs and fpr,rtf- rr.en, V\!K. ret" ;t hither much for the I'.ike-cf hunting on the neighbouring Downs, put into a glr/s of lack, and fwallow alive. A ch. f. was erected and endowed here, in 1715, for 15 boys, and as many girls. The D. of Queen/bur)- has a noble feat here, and n-ar it b. dug the beft kind of Clay for tobacco-pi v>c J. Mt. i A : E ? s D T. N , cr AM B R o s E n r. K, (Oxford.] am. from Biceftcr, or Bur- ' ccfter. The Roman way, cali'u Ake- manftreet, enters this C. in this p. Here are a neat Ch. well adorn'd, and the fea mieand Sir Eu<.- - 5J< A "- fr-jm I.onci.v.. ,r.t o.">r. . a Vale bet, v Eliz. and Fairs on Wbitfanjfa and Mictadmas-da) . Here v, a chantrj' ; and in the blcody the Popi/h Q^ Mai y many g teftrnts fufFer'd nirati r. a i and neighbourhood. There . feat here, called Shardeiov. manor of which bel. form, to i. ble family of the Rufiels ; but, a'-or.t the refkraticn of K. Cha. II. was fold with the bor. to Sir Will. Drake, Bt. in \vhofe fam.ly it now remains. The T. confifts of a Icng flreet, in the r'.ad from Uxbridgc to Buckingham, divided about the middle by a fhortcr crofs ftreet ; in the interfeticn of which ftands the Ch. which is the bcft rectory j and, as itsTown-hsl',. cr Mt. houfe, is the handfomeft in the Co. The former was well endow'd by its patron, GeofFery de Mtnde- ville, E. of Efiex, in the R. of K. Stephen. The latter was built rbcut 70 years fince, Ly Sir William Drake Knt. nephew of the aboverrenticned purchafer, vho died in 1669, un- married. "I'is a brick Structure en arched pillars, and has en the top a lanth'-rn and clock. Mt. Jt^ AM i>ii THILL, tBefyrdjt).} 36 cm. and ^3 mm. from Lender., bet. the roads from thence to Buck- ingham and Royfion, is a pretty T. almoft in the heart of the Co. bet. tv. j uills. In the R. of Hen. VI. a large rrnnfion houfe was built iaA, park, at the E. end of it, by $jf*. John Cornwa!, out cf the fp had taken in France. It bcinn; r.ft-r- wsrds forfeited, itwrs * crown by Hen. VIII. v,h; ui-C^Oath. retired hither upon her divorce. It was given ly R Ch. II. to Robert, Ld Bruce, who, when created E. of Alefbury, had his title of Vifc. ;"c:n hence, and v.-i I .; An:pth-l!/but -: was, not many years ::hiied by the D. el Bedford, . bc&} a ch. f. a hof. founded by Mr. .Svo;-.?, principal of Nevv-Inn- Hsll, Oxford, for TO peer men. Her* c . A M Novcm, 29, 5.'. Anncs, and Corfai Cbrifti-dsy. Mt. on To. AM w E L r., (Hertf.} a little to the S. of Ware, 20 m. from London, fa- mous for giving rife to the New River, which fupplies this city, after a courfe of 36 m. but is furniihed however with a large fliare of its water, by a cut out of the r. Lee, that runs to Hackney. One part is called Am- \\cll-Magna, The other Parva, at which is the head of the New r. Is a member of the p. of All-Saints, in Hertford, and form. bel. to Wal- tham-Abby ; but, at the ref. K.Hen. VIII. gave it to Leon. Chamberlain and Richard Andrews, Efqrs. \vho fold it to John Knighton ; from whofe pofrerity it pafied to John Gar- diner, Efq; w'hofe grandaughter con- teyed it by marriage to Hen.Dunfter, Efq;. AXCASTER, (Lir.c.} 8m. from Gn-ntham, is a fmall, but ancient, Roman village, on a Roman highway, under a hill, which abounds with remnants cf antiquity ; the fule of which has, for many years, been car- ried on by the inh. for after a hafty fhower, the fhcpherds andjchool-boys go to feek them in the neighbouring declivities and quarries. The T. cm- Ms of one ftreet along the road, and has a fpring at each end of it; but, it is faid, thercMs no other from hence to Lincoln, which is 14 m. It has the honour cf giving the title of Duke to the noble family of Bertie. * ANDOVER, (H*nj>.) 55 cm. 66 mm. from London, ftands on the r. Ande, that comes out of the forcft of Chute. It is faid to have had its firft charter from K. John, but was incorporated laft by Q._ Eliz. and is governed by a bailiff, fteward, recor- der, 10 approved men (out of whom are chofe 2 juftices) and 22 capit 1 bureefles, who yearly chccfe the bai- liff," and he elcfts 2 ferjeants at mace to attend him. Here was formerly a men. and a chantry. 'Tis a large, hnndfome, populous T. pfcafantly ii- tuated on the edge of the Downs, and A N a great thoroughfare from London to Wilt/hire, and from Newbury to Salis- bury. 'Tis a great T. for malting, and themf. ofihalloon^anditsFairsareon Th. and F. the 3d week in Lt>::,Mjy I , and Nov. 6. Mt. en S. Htreisan hof. for 6 men, built and endowed by Mr. Pollen, a member for this bor. in feveral pts. of K. Will, and father to the prefent member, who is one of the Wclih judges. Here are alfo a fr. f. founded An. 1 569, and a ch. f. for 30 boys ; and the T. gives title of Vifc. to the E. of Berkshire. ANGMERING, E. and W.^Suf. fex,} are two fmall villages on the Englilh channel, not far from Arun- del. The former was the lp. of Fitz- alan, E. of Arundel (in the R. of Rich. II.) who obtained achaiterfor a Mt. here on 5. and a Fair, June 29. In the R. of Hen. VIII. here lived Edward Palmer, Zfq; \\hofe wife was delivered of 3 fons in a fortnight's la- bour, who lived to be all knighted for their bravery and fuc cedes, and were the anccftors cf the honourable fa- mily of their name in this Co. and Kent. ANKERWICK, (Backs,} by the Thames, near Wrayfbury and Stanes, not far from Wind for, form, a nun- nery, is a manor bel. to the Dfs. cf Beaufort. ANNESLEV, (Net.} a T. not far from the foreft cf Sherwood, which gave mme to a family that was pof- fefs'd of it from the conqaeft to the time cf K. Hen. VI. from whence are defcendf.d the Es. of Anelelcy j but, for want of heirs male, it came afterwards by marriage to the family of the Chaworths, who ha - . e a gccd cflate well weeded, and watered with fine fiih-pcnds. Here is a Ch. and ch. f. and it had form, a chantry. AN s T YJ or AN E s T Y, ( Ih-rt, } not far from Barkway, ftands on a fteep hill, where a caft'le was eretted in the R. of Will, the Conq. which was enlarged by the Baron?, in their wars with K. J<-!.n ; tut the- i . JEg into the handt of Nich. d. in A N TO A P in the R. of Hsn. III. the additional part of the caftle was demoli/hed by order of that Prince, (as the reft has been fmce by time) and the Ch. built foon after out of its ruins. The ma- nor patted through divers hands, 'till at length it came to Sir Rowland Lit- ton, who fold the advowfon of the Ch. to ChriftVCollege, Cambridge, but fettled the manor on his younger fon Rowland. AN T H o N y , E. and W. (Corn.} not far from Salta/h, is a feat (where was formerly a mon.) bsl. to the family rf the Carewj, and has a fi/h-pond, which lets in the fea, and furnifhes the inh. with plenty of fi/n, which are fo tame, that they come every evening to a certain place to be fed, and are called together, at any time, by a noife that refembles the chop- ping of their meat. There are two villages called Anthony, the one E. the other W. of Falmouth. APEDAI. E, ( Staff. ) not far from Stone, is of note only for its iron ore, which, tho' of the worft fort, yet being ufed with others to make it bet- ter, ferves pretty well for two-penny nails, and meeting nails for /hips. This was for a long time the feat and demefne of the Delves, and cnme by marriage to Sir Robert Sheffield, Knt. recorder of London, in whofe fimily it remain'd, 'till it was fold by Edmund, Ld. Sheffield. APETHORP, (Northamp.} 4111. from Oundle, was formerly the feat and eftate of Sir Anth. Mildmay, and afterwards thit of the E. of Wcft- morland, by the marriage of Sir An- thony's daughter with Francis, the E. APPLEBY, (Line.) bet. Glanford Bridge and Burton upon Trent, on the b. of York/hire, is noted for the pafTage of that famous Roman road through its lane, which comes from Stamford and Lincoln, and is called all along by the country-people, the High-Street ; being caft up to a great height, and in fome places 7 yards broad. ;jc APPLEB/Y, (Wefim.) 197011. and 276 mm. from London, /lands on the r. Eden, which almoft encompafles it, an4 on that Roman military way, which crofies this Co. from Stain- more on the E. to Cumberland en the W. 'Tis the Shire T. and is go- verned by a mayor, aid. and C. C. Here is laid to be the beft corn Mt. in all thefe parts. Befides its Ch. and that at Bongate, which is a part of this T. here is a caftle, which was the feat of the E. of Thanet, a gaol, a town-hall, a fr. f. and a hof. the latter founded and endowed by Lady Anne, daughter of George, Ld. Clif- ford in 1651, for a governefs, and 12, other widows, commonly call'd The Mother and Twelve Sifters. This T. was taken by furprife by William, K. of Scots, but recovered by K.John, who gave its caftle and barony to John de Vipont, whofe family, and that of the Cliffords, have been Lds. of this C. for above 500 years. K. Hen. II. gave it privi ledges equal to the city of York ; and its charter was confirmed by his fucceflbrs, even almoft to the end of the laftcentury. It was fet on fire by the Scot?, in the Rs. of Hen. II. and Rich. II. and in 1598 it fuffered greatly by a peftilence, fo that it is a /haltering, decayed, half demoli/hed T. The chief ornament of it is one broad ftreet ; and its prin- cipal ftrength confifts in the caftle, at the head of it, which is almoft fur- rounded with the r. and with trqpches, where the r. comes not. The Fairs here are on Whit-Monday, May 30, and June 10. Mt. on 5. APPLEBY Magna & Parva, (Leic.) near Normanton, was, for many nges, the refidence of the fa- mily of that name. In the former, is a fr. f. founded in 1697 by Sir John Moore, for 100 fcholars, who are taught Engli/h and Latin. APPLEDON, ( Devon. ) on the coaft, bet. Northam, in whofe p. it lies, and St. Anne's Chapel, ftands at the mouth of the Towridge and the Taw, and is the firft harbour for vef- fcls, within the bar of Barnftaple. C a AP- A P TO A R APTLEDORE, (Kent,] 'near Ton- tei-clen, on the banks of the r. Ro- ther, 54 m. from London. K. Hen. VIII. fettled this manor on the D. and C. of Chnit-Church. It had anciently a Mt. which has-been long difafed, but has a Fair on June n. Here is a court-lee-, which extends itfelf over Town-Borough and Hrrf;- Borough. 'Tis faid, the fea ftoxved up formerly, as far as this T. AFPLETH \v ATE, ( IVcjhr.or. ) a hamlet in the p. of Winir.der-Mere, to whole inh. ail tiie fifhing in the Mre bel. and all the tithe fifli to the retor, who has a plead; re -boat upon the faid lake, and a prescription for i a boat, in lieu of the tithe -he fifti that are taken in it. APPLETON-NUN, (York. E.R.) bet. Sci'ty and York city, fo called -: meriy,which, bq Ref. was the feat'of Tho. :fax, general of the Ft. army, e his time, that of the D. of Buckingham,, as it is now of Sir Will. , 3ait. .- '. E T R E E -\V 1C!.', (TOI'L W. R.} not far from Skipton in Craven .oce, was anciently the Lp. oi Vv'illiam de Fortibus, who, be- ing Ld. of Skipton,cbtairied of K.John the priviiedge of holding an annualFair here, and to afforeft his lands, fcr 2 m. in length. AOJJ JL ATE, (Staff".} on the b. of Shropshire, near Newport, was for- merjy the eftate of Tho. Scrimfhaw, a prothonotary of the Common Pleas, and takes its name of aqua lata, from a large head of Water, or Mere, juft below it, which is noted for jacks, and carps, &c. and fome floating ifhi:d3. ARSURY-BANKS, (Herif.} half a mile from Afhwell, a fpct of about 12 acres, fuppofcd to have been a Roman camp, from certain Roman coins found there. ARCHES, (Etrks,} a manor in the for .".aft Hendied, the feat cf the IteCharle 'lyfi.-n, Efqj to which is annexed an old c'-iiel, that appears tg have been formerly a chantrj-. ARC OLE, (Salop,} 3m. S. W. of Hinftock, a harnlet of Pullid, formerly the Lp. of Mortimer, an- ceftor of the Es. cf March. ARDBURY^ERD BURY, (War,) near Coventry, where was a mon. which, at the Ref. was given to Cha. Brandon, D. of Suffolk ; from whom by feveral intermediate owners, it came at length to ferjeant Newdigate, and is now Che (eat of Sir Richard New- digate, Bart. The Ch. and the houfe were demoliihed, in the R. of QJLliz. by Sir Edmund Anderfon. AREJLEV, or ARULEY, (Stifff.) ftretches above 1 m. over the Severn, towards Worcefterihire, bel. formerly to the canons of Wolve;-harr.pt< ;i \ and in the R. of Edw. III. the E. of Northampton held it under them. ARKSEV, (Ycrk, W. R.) ^ m. N. cf Doncafter, had fcrmerly a chantry j but is more memorable for the v ill of Bryan Cooke,Efq; ini66o, whereby he gave ioo/. a year to the vicar, 40 /. a year to a fchoolmaiter, for infrrufting the poor children of the p. and 60 /. a y-jar, for bu Ji'.ing a hof. fcr 12 of the oldeft poor, who are to receive 5 /. a year e-'.di, b; Hdcs their dwelling. His L. -other, SirGeo. Cooke, Bart, gave alfo 200 /. and a cottages for buiiding a fchool-houfe. ARLEY, (ff'aric.) to the W. of Nun-E;;toa, bel. formerly to the O- dingfeils family, and afterwards to the Coibets ofCsus and Leigh, to the Rcchfords, to Thomas Bate, Efqj to Ld. Ferrers of Groby, and to the Skefnngtons of Lekefter/hire. ARMANTHWATE, (Cuwb.) near the r. Eden, bet. Kirk Ofwald and Corby-Caftie, had formerly a nunne- ry ; lince which, the manor has bel. to the Skeltons. ARMING TON, (Dmn.) on the r.Arm, not far from Plymptcn, whic h gives name to a H. and lias been fuc- ceffively in poffefEon of the Peverels, Carews, Fitz-Stcphens , Esnfteds, and Stovcrr. Here was fonneriy a chantry. A R A R ARMITAGE, (Staff.} on the r. Sow, bet. Riddefley and King's Bram- ley, is noted for the tobacco pipes made here of a greyi/h fort of clay, dug near Wrottefley Houfe, and has been the feat of the Ridgleys, fince theR. ofEdw. III. ARMLEY, (York. W. R.) near Leeds, bel. formerly to the Lacys, Es. of Lincoln, and the Mufgraves. The hall here was the feat of the an- cient family of the Hoptcns, from whom it parted to the Stapletons, Maulevrers, and Inglebys, in whofe family it now is ; and here is a cha- pel, which was built in the R. of K. Cha. I. In die neighbourhood are red and white coat hills, and that called Giant-Hill, where is a Danifh fortifi- cation. ARNESBY, (JLV.) alittletothe N. of Sleafby, in the road to Leicefter, bel. anciently to the Spencers 5 but being forfeited in the R. of Edw. III. was given to Henry, Vifc. Beaumont, whofe pofterity alfo forfeiting it to Edw. IV. he granted it to Sir Wil- liam, afterwards Ld. Haftings ; but feveral parts of it belonged to mons. In 1622, the Ch. came to the inheri- tance of Sir William Fawnt of this Co. Knt. ARNHALE, (Wano.} a member of the mon. of Coventry, was given at the Ref. to John Hales, clerk of the hanaper, and his heirs, by the name of Harnall Grange. ARNOLD, or ARNALL, (Nott.) bet. Sherwood-Foreft and Notting- ham, on the E. fide of Be/kwood- Park, gave nsme to an ancient family, fuppofed to have held this manor un - fc ARUNDEL, (Suffix,) 46cm. and 55 mm. from London, has a bridge over the r. Arun, noted for its excellent mullets. 'Tis a bor. by prefcription (fo old as to be mentioned in K. Alfred's will) the manor of which has conftantly gone along with the caftle, as has the title and honour of an E. which it now gives to the D. of Norfolk ; fo that whoever IMS the caftle is thereby an E. without any other creation. The T. by a charter ofQ._Eliz. is governed by a mayor, 12 burgefles, a fteward, &c. The mayor, who is chofe yearly, is judge at the court-leetof the" lord of the ma- nor, which is every three weeks, and appoints the collectors of the pcckrc,e and foliage, the aleconners, flefh- taftcrs, &V. and no writ can be exe- cuted within the bor. without his leave ; for he has the authority of a jufticc of peace, though he feldrm acts. As it ftands near the mouth of its r. it had once a good harbour, that admitted mips of 100 tons, even to its bridge, 'till it was ruined by a fand beach thrown up by the fen but ia 1733 there was an aft of Pt. for re. pairing it. Here was anciently a col- legiate Ch. and a mon. and the T. has fent members to Pt. ever fince the 30th of Edw. I, Its Fairs are on My C 3 2, A R A S 2, S>ug. 10, Stff. 14, ZXv. Mrs. ARWERTON, (Safll) a little to the i" Harwich, near the junction of . el! and the Scour, was once the a family of the Baa ns, and is be mancr of the Parkers, and of Sir Philip Parker, Bart. y^ ASBORNE, Or ASHBORX, {D.ibj.} on the b. of Staffordihire and the E. fide of the r. Dove, 10 m. from Derby, and 108 from London. Its chief trade is in the great quantities ofcheefefent from it up and down the Trent. Its Fairs are 1 ',ty 3 and 30, &/>r. 29, Off. 8, Nov. 27, the firft TA. in Af..r>, ana. the hm 7*. in June. Mt. on 5. ' he family of thj Cockryr.es flourifhed here a long tim?. ASCOT, (Oxf.} near Shirehamp- ton, is a chspelry in Great Miiton, on the S. bank of the r. Evanlode, and -\\- was the eftate of the Spen- fers, Es". of Winchefter, 'till forfeited . ro\vn, by an attainder of Hugh r. and given to Thomas de Bro- r>, E. of Ncrfolk, t,th fon of A. I, but it v.-er.t r.n a ty th IUE daughter?, to Sir Walter (is Manny, and Edward de A' COT, 'JFarii'.^ S. cf Ladbrcck, near the r -.'.:. : rv to Dunchurch, was a mem- Hedenhull formerly, end bel. 5-Abbsy in this Co, ASH, (Devin.) in the p. of Mof- bury, near Axminfter. Here was a fine feat burnt dcvn by the rebels in 1 wars, which has been rebuilt by Sir Willism Drake; but 'tis cf .ote, fcr being the birth-place cf John Churchill, the victorious D. '.v.lbcroagh, and his brother .-, the general who tcok the ior.vxk prifoner at the brttle cf .-, vhofe father, Sir Winfton Vill, married Elizabeth, daugh- Sir John Drake of this place. AS.KBURNHAM, (Suffer,) 9 m. rri Haftine^, and i;im. fromLcn- tk of E, to the family of this name, which, thou^ lately admitted into the peerage, is u ancient as any in thefe parts, being defcended from Bertram de Aihburn- ham, who was iheriffof Surry, Sut- fex, and Kent, at the arrival o'f Will, the Conq. and the prefent E. has a feat here, faid to be one of the beft in the Co. The loyalty of this fa- mily to K. Ch. I. is very well known. Bertram Amburnham, Efq; who died in 1743, did by will bequeath to the clerk of this p. for ever, the watch, which that K. had in his pocket, and the {hlit he wore at his execution, which are both depofited in the veftry of its Ch. and 191 mm. from London, is an an- cient bor. by prefcripticn, governed by a portreeve, chofe yearly at the court-leet and baron of R'chardDuke, and Roger Tuck/kid, Eft;; Lds. of the manor, acd he is the returning- offker cf the members to Pt. The election having be- n for many years difcontinued, vas reitcred, by the ;n- tereft of Sir John Ncrthcote, cf this Co. Bart, foon after the reftoraticn of Charits II. This is one of the four :y Ts. of Devonshire, d I le f r its mines of t;n a:.d . -e. TheMt. . which was obtained by Mr. Ford, in 1672, M u*i fccwoed and yarn ; and that on 5. is for prcvificns. Its Fairs ate the firft 1b. in Mzrcb, the feccnd Th. in June, Aug. 10. and 7\:r . ii. The tv.c icirner were ob- tained by Step.'ettn, bp. of Exeter, An. 1273, and the two laft by Andrew Quick, Efq; 60 years ago. This T. ftancis on the r. Dart, and is a great thcrcv.r.hfare in the road frrm the L.-:cr; End to Lcndon, being abcut half way bet. Exeter and Hymcuth. Though the mancr bd. ai.ciently to the fee of Exeter, 'tisfuppofed to have tel. to the crown, ever fir.ce ths 3d of Hen. IV. and itr.ppears, that v. hen K. Jam. I. created his fen Charies, Prince of Wales, he gave him, with o:::sr lands, tfaii rr ; ajicr : but K. Ch. A S A S Ch. II. gave it to Sir Robert Park- hurft, and the Ld. Sonds, E. of Fe- verfliam, who afterwards alienated it j the one having fold his part to Sir John Stawel, whofe ion's executors again fold it to the truftees of Roger Tuckfield, Efq; the other being pur- chafed by Richard Duke, of Otterton, Efq} It has a handfome Ch. more like a collegiate, than a parochial one, and a chapel, which was anciently a chantry. The latter is ufed for a fchool, as well as the paviih meeting 5 , and for the election of its members ofPt. ASH BURY, (Berks.] has a park near White-Horlb-Hill, to the W. of the vale of that name ; where are the tracts of a camp, fuppofed to be Da- nidi, almcft quire deiTioliflied, by dig- ging for the ftones to build Ld, Cra- ven's houfe in the park, which was a magnificent one, but had the mis- fortune to be burnt down to the ground. ASHBY-CASTLE, ( N:rtbamf. ) 6 m. from Well ingborough and Nor- thampton, and 53 from London, is adorned With a noble feat of the E, of Northampton, pleaicntlv fituated in Yardley-Cluce, OP/J of the fineft in England, and the beft flocked with deer. Here is a eh. f. for givis. (3? ASHB Y dela Zouc!!j(Z,e;V.) 13 m. from Leiceftfir T. and SQ cm. and 98 mm. from London, fo called from the Zouches, its ancient Lds. is a very pieafant T. bet. Prefton-Park, and the Great-Park en the ficirts of Derbyfhire. It has a large handfome Ch. a plentiful Mt. on 5. and a neat ftone-crcfs in its principal ftreet. Its Fairs, which are on Eafter-Tu, on Wbit-Tu. Aug. 24, Off. 28, are well flocked with young horfes of the largcft andbeft breed in England ; and here is ale, as good as that of Burton. Here are the ruins of the E.of Hunting- ton's caftle, where K. James I. quar- tered with his whole court, upon the then E. for many days ; during which, inner was always ferved up by 30 {.cu Rats-, with gold chains, and vel- vet gowns ; but it was demolished in 1648. There is a fr. f. here, with a handfome ftipend, in the gift of the E. of Huntington, to whom the ma- nor belongs j K. Edw. IV. having granted it to his anceftor, Sir William Haftings, on the attainder of James Butler, E. of Ormond and Wiluhire, for aiding K. Hen. VI. ASHB v-Foi. VILE, (LtvV.) half way bet. Melton-Mowbr?.y and Billef- den, ftands on a r. that runs into the Wreke. It took its name from the family of William Fohile, a francif- can friar, to which the manor an- ciently bel. but afterwards came to the Woodfords and Mortons, and to Sir Francis Smith, and was the feat of Ld. Canington. ASH BY-LEDGERS, (Nortbamp.) the feat of John Alhley, ETq; not far from Daventry, in the road to Lutter- worth, bel. formerly to a branch of the Catelbys family ; of \\ hich was Robert Cateiby, one of the gun- powder plotters againft K.James I. and his Pt. ASH -RLE, (Norf.) bet. Watton and SwarYam, is a manor held by court ferjeanty, in right whereof, the pofTeiTor has the overiight and difpofal of the table -lir.cn, ufed at coronaiionr. It was firft in the fimily of the Kaf- tings, 'till Hen. VIII. fold the rever- fion to Sir Henry Wyat ; and in Q^ Mary's R. bel. to Sir Hen. Bedingfield, whole pofterity performed the office at the coronation of K. Tames II. and had all the table-linen for his fee. A s H E R s T ,( A>/,)nenr Tunbridge, anciently the Lp. of the Gerunds, Chelfhunts, and the Es. of Do:fet ; from whom it came to the Rivers's. 83 s AsHFORn,(ATfw/',) izm.from Canterbury, and 41 cm. and 57 mm. from London, in the road to Hith. 'Tis alfo called Eihford, from the ford over the r. Efh. 'Tis governed by a mayor, and has a court of record every three week?, for all actions of debt, or damages, not exceeding 20 marks. In its Ch. which is large, are buried Sir R.obert Fogg, Id. of Repton in this A S AS this p. its founder, and feveral Knts. of his family, particularly Sir John Foge, comptroller of the houfhold to K. Edw. IV. who founded a college in it, for a prebendary, priefts, and chorifters ; and in this Ch. was alfo a perpetual chantry. Here is a monu- ment near 400 years old, for a Coun- tefs of Athol. Its firft Mt. was granted to William Leyburn, by the judges itinerant, in the R. of Edw. I. and its firft Fair, v:x. May 6, by K. Edw. IV. to the D. and C. of Weft- minfter, whofe manor it was by a grant of Edw. III. Its other Fair is Aug. 20. K. Hen. VIII. granted it, after the diflblution, to Sir An- thony Aucher, and John Polfted,Efq; who conveyed it to Sir Andrew Judde, whofe daughter brought it by mar- riage to Sir Thomas Smith 5 from whom it defcended to Philip, Vifc. Strongford of Ireland, who in 1671 cbtained a grant for a Mt. here every *Tu. Here is a grammar fr. f. and a very good road to Canterbury. ASHLEY, (Staff.} N. W. ofEc- clefljal, towards the b. of Chefliire, is a manor that -was in the family of Sir Thomas Bifliine, for lever?! fuc- ceflicns, 'till it came by marriage to that of Sir Thomas Aftcn of Che- /h.re, and Sir Gilbert Gerrard. The Ch. here was founded, or at leaft re- built, by one David Kendrick, a na- tive of this village, who was a foldier under Edward, the Black Prince. ASHLINGTON, or ASHERTON, (Wilts.) near Weftbury, was the eftate of the Giffards of Brimsfield, 'till forfeited, in the R. of Edw. II. and given to Maurice, brother to the Ld. Berkley. ASHORN, (Wanv.) in the p. of Newborn-pacy, near Cheftertcn, was held formerly by the families of Haf- }ang, Balaunce, by the Beauchamps, Es. of Warwick, and Sir Andrew Ha- niock, and his heirs. AsmuncE, (Bucks,) Bear Aid- bury and Berkhamftead, 29m. from London, was heretofore a royal feat, being fituate in a fine fportir.g coun- try, in the midft of a park, 5 m. in compafs, well wooded, and ftocked with deer. Here was once a men. founded by Edmund, E. of Cornwal, fon to K. Hen. III. which, fince the Ref. is become the feat of the Eger- tons, now Ds. of Bridgwater, who have preferved the ancient arms in the windows of the hall, and the paint- ings in the cloyfters. Here are large beech woods, through which there is a fine vifto, that commands Alefbury- Vale. Its mon. and collegiate Ch. flood in the p. of Pitftcn ; but part of the gardens, together with the out- houfes, are in the p. of Little-Gaddef- den. ASHTZD, (Surry,) near Epfom- Wells, one of the fweeteft fituations is England, was formerly the Lp. of Sir John Montfort, of Warwick/hire, frcm whofe relations it parted to the family of Sir Roger Afton. It was afterwards in the pofleflion of Sir Ro- bert Howard, brother to the E. of Berk/hire, who built a fine houfe here, and enclofed it with a park. This was fince the eftate and feat of Mr. Fielding, uncle to the late E. of Denbigh. The Ch. ftands on the edge of the park, and has feveral fine monuments ; particularly one for Henry Newdigate, Efq; Ld. of the mcnor, and brother of the late Sir John Newdigate, of Arbury in War- wickfhire. ASHTON-CANTLOW, OrCAN- TILUPE, (War~iv.) on the S. bank of the r. Alne, to the E. of Aulcef- ter ; for which reafon, in old records it is written Efton, or Eaft-Town. After the arrival of Will, the Conq. we find it poflefled by the Ofborns. In the R. of Hen. II. it was farmed by one Tankerville ; and in that of K. John, it \vas given to William de Cantelupe ; from whofe defcendants the T. had the name, to diftingui/h it from the other Afhtons in the Co, It came afterwards to the Haftings, the Beauchamps and Nevils, Lds. cf Abernavenny. One of the Cantilupea gave its Ch, to the mon, of Studely. Hit A S A S His heirs recovered it, but William de Clinton gave it afterwards to the canons of Markftoke. ASHTON in the WALL, (Nortb- amf.) near Chipping -Warden, focal- led, becaufe it flood on a wall, or val- lum, formerly raifed by the Romans againft the incurfions of the Britons from the foreft of Ardenne in War- vvicklhire. This was the efiate of Dudley, fo infamous in the R. of Hen. VII. As HWF.tr., (Ilfrtf.) near Caldi- cot, and the b. of Cambridgefhire, fitiute on the r. Rhee, that iflues from a rock at the S. end of the T. which being overthaddowed with tall aihcs, feems to give name to it. In dooms- day-book 'tis called a bor. having 14 burgeiles, and a Mt. and anciently it alib Jiad 4 Fairs. There is a quarry in Afh well- Field, out of which the ftones of mcft of the neighbouring Chs. have been dug. Here was for- merly a chantry, and now a ch. f. ASHWKL, (Nortbamf*.} zm. from Brackley, the nun or and feat of Sir Thoaias Billing, Ld. Ch. Ju. of the Kgs.-Bench, in the R. of Edw. IV. which pafTed afterwards to the family of the Livfh, ^nd from them to the SLirlfys j and it is. now a feat of the E. of Ferrers. ASK WELL, (Rutl.) near the W. b. of the Co. which, at the Norman iiivafjon, was called Exwell. In the R. of Edw. II. and afterwards, it was ir. the pofli-ilion of the Tcuchets,Lds. Audlcy. From this family it palled, about the R. of Hen. VIII. to the crown ; under which it was held by the Palmes's, who were, if they are not ftill, Lds. of the manor. William Burton, Efcj; has a feat here. Somd abbey lands in this p. be!, formerly to the hof. of Burton St. Lazarus, in Leicefierlhire, which were given, by Hen. VIII. to Sir John Dudley, af- terwards E. cf Northumberland! ASH v. r ELL-THORP, (Atr/".) not far from Wymundham to the E. came from the Thorps, its ancient owners, to Thomas, Ld, Knevet, and his de- fcendants. AsKWtJOR, (Staff.) in the p. of King.'s-Swynford anil' part of thu foreft of Kinfare, which formerly included a great part of the S. fide cf this Co. Upon its heath, near the bridge over the Stour, is an Intrenchment, fup- pofed to have been formerly a Roman camp, commonly called Wolverhamp- ton Ch.yard,from its refemblance to it. As KR TON-CASTLE, (Climb.] near the famous Picls wall, bel. for- merly to the Barons Dacres, and was the refidence of the land ferjeant of Gillifland, who ufed to lead the inh. againft the Scots ; but fince the treaty of union with that km. his office is ceafed ; and it is now a feat of the E. ofCarliile. g^- ASKRIG, (Tork, N. R.) near the r. Youre and Swaldale foreft, and 1 7 5 m. from London^has a Mt. on Ti>. ASPLEY, (Warta.} near Tam- worth, formerly the manor of the Segraves and Somerys ; from whom it paITed to the Mowbrays, afterwards Ds. of Norfolk, and from them to the Ld. Berkley. AsssjiTON-C^vr and Netbfr, (Gxf.} 2 hamltts in the p. of Pirton and BIX, near Henley, noted for a fpnng in one of them which, fays Dr. Plot, in fruitful years, is always dry j but againft a dearth of corn, forms a conuderable ftteain. AST BURY, (CbeJJj.) a large p. 2 m. from Congleton j whereof it is the mother Ch. which is a fine one, with a lofty fpire fteeple, a great par- fonage, and many gentlemens feats in the village. AST LEY, (Wariv.) net far from Milverton, had once a collegiate Ch. and a chantry, and was the manor of the Aftleys, given to them Ly the Es. of Warwick, ;n the R. of Hen. I. They enfeoft'ed the Truiiels in a great part of it ; and from them it paffed to the Lds. Grey of Ruthii and Groby, whofe family pofiefled it for many ge- nerations. In the R. of Hen. VII. it came to Thomas, Marq. of Dovfcc, who added a little park to the greut one j and by the marriage f his fon's widow A S A T widow to Adrian Stokes, Efq; it came to him ; but, after her deceafe it paf- fed to Richard Chamberlain, Efq; to whofe father it had been given by Q._ Mary, and his pofterity enjoy' d the manor in 1640 ; but now it is the feat of Sir Roger Newdigate, Bart. ASTOL, (Oxf,) on a rivulet, in the road bet. Burford and Whitney, has the moft confpicuous Barrow on that old Roman way, called Akeman- Street, which is fuppofed to have been the fepulchre of fome perfon of very great note. AST OK, (Berks.) a little to the N. W. of Moulesford, famous for a fcsttle in 871, wherein the Saxon K. Ethelred, and his brother Alfred routed the Danes. ASTON,' (Oxf.) near Bampton and Stokenchurch, was ufed to be called Afton-Molins, becaufe it was anci- ently the manor of K. Edw. Ill's, fa- vourite, Ld. Molins, but from his fa- mily it pafied, by marriage, to the Hungerfords. 'Tis noted for a pe- trifying fpring. ASTON, (Staff".) near Stone and Birmingham, is a manor, which, in the R. of Hen. III. was divided bet. the Venables, Barons of Kindertcn, and the family of the Marshals, but was afterwards united in the Leighs of Knightley ; from whom it parted by the Stanleys and Moyles's to the Heninghams, a Suffolk family. Sir Thomas Holte, Bart, who was am- baflador to Spain, in the R. of Ch. I. left 300 /. for building, and 88 /. a year for endowing a hof. here ; and it is now, or was lately, the feat of Sir Clobery Holte, Bart. AsroN-PiGOT, (Salop,) near Chirbury, formerly the manor of Ed- ward, Ld. Burnel ; from whom it paf- fed to John, Ld. Lovel ; and from him it went, by marriage, to Sir Brian Stapleton, and Sir Edward Norris. ASTROP-WELI.S, (Nortbamp.) on the b. of Oxfordshire, were recom- mended 80 years ago, by the phyfici- ans Willis and Clever, for the cure of the fcurvies, afthma's, &c. ASTWICK, (Hert.) not far from Stevenage and Buntingford, bel. an- ciently to the Bnfiingi urns, Hares, &c. and afterwards to Mr. Tulle, whofe father was an aid. of London. AT H EL HA MS TON, (Dwfct.) E. of Puddlcton, near the r. Frome, was, for many ages, the feat of the Mar- tins of Devon, a branch of the family of Martin of Tours, that came over with Will, the Conq. and was lately the manor and feat of Sir James Long, Bart, and Mr. Floyer. ATHELNEV, (Son.) i.e. in the Saxon language, an ifiand of Nobles, is formed into a river-ifland, by the conjunction of the Thone with the Parrot, a few ms. below Taunton. Here K. Alfred abfccnded, when the Danes over-run all, the floodings of the rs. making the place inacceflible, the firm ground not being above z acres broad ; and here he built an ab- by, whjch was one of thofe, whofe abbots did not fit in Pt. yet were looked upon as fpiritual Lds. ATHERLEY, or ADDERLEY, (Salop,) near Newport, was, in the R. of Edw. II. the manor of Ld. Bad- lefmere, who obtained a weekly Mt. fmce difcontinued, and a Fair on June ?.(). By marriage of his fifter, it paffed to William, Ld. Rofs, of Hamlake, in whofe family it conti- nued for divers fucceflicns. The efrate coming afterwards to the crown, by the attainder of one of his defen- dants, K.Edw. IV. granted it to John Tiptoft, E. of Worcefter. ATHERSTONj.^rfrw.) near the r. Anker, in the road from London to Derby, was, in the R. of Hen. III. granted by Hugh, E. of Chefter, to the monks of Bee in Normandy, who obtained a Fair September 6, 7, 8, and a Mt. on T. fmce difcontinued. K. Hen. IV. feized it, and gave it to his fon John, D. of Bedford, and af- ter his death to Humphry, E. of Stafford for life ; after whom, Hen. VI. gave it to his half-brother, Ed- mund, E. of Richmond,' and his heirs ; but Edw. IV. took it from him, and gave A T A U gave it to the Carthufians of Mont- Grace in Yorkfhire. K. Hen. VIII. after the rcf. gave it to Henry, Marq. 6f Dorfet, who being attainted in the R. of Q^ Mary, (he gave it to Wil- liam Devereux, Efq; who founded and endowed a fr. f. here, but his heirs fold it to Sir John Repington of Amington, v\ho enjoyed it in the laft century. Michael Drayton, the fa- mous poet, was born here. 33" ATHERSTONontheSrouR (Jf f ar T , (Lar.c.) to the S. of Orrr.fkirk, on a r. that pins into the Olt,hasa ch. f. and annual horfe races in its neighbourhood. AUKBOROUGH, (Line.) to which a Roman road, called Aquis by that nation, comss direclly from Whitten Brook. Their cnrr.p is now called : a Ccuntefs of Warwick, who, fay they, at leaft had a feat here, if r.r.t the m?r.rr. The Reman caftle here was creeled in the N. W. zir.gle cf thcCc. a: r. watch-tower over the greatr-ri part of NV.ttingham- /hirL' ar.d Ycrkfhire. There is a la- tvrirth '^cre. called Julian's bower, from Barnard's -Caftle, 12 from Dur- ham, and 184 from London. 'Tis rec- koned one of the beft Ts. in the Co. ?nd h?.s a ftcne bridge over the Were. Dr. Conns, its Bp. who rebuilt and added a large apaitment to the old pa- lace, which was built by Anth. Beck, the Bp. in the R. of Edw. I. and pulled down by Sir Arthur Haflerig, who was commander for the Pt. in the civil wars, founded and endowed a hof. here for z men and z women, for ever, and lies buried in a ftately chapel, which he built here. AUKL AND St. AN DREW'S, (Dur- ham,) near the former, was anciently a collegiate Ch'. under a vicar, with a chantry, and was the mother Ch. to all this difrrict, which goes by the name of Auklandfhire, but Dr. Beck, the Bp. of this fee, gave the vicar the title of de?n ; and there are iz prebendaries under him. Q^ AULCESTEB, (Wrr.) 10501. from London, is a very ancient T. End Corp. and was, no doubt, a Roman ftation, as appears from the coins of brafs, gold andfi!ver| from the bricks often dug up, in and near it ; and from the Roman way, called Id- . - nild-ftreet, palling through it. Tie Lp. of it was' in the crown, after the conque-ft, and it was the refidence of feme of ourKgs. of whom Hen. I. gave it to Sir Rob. Corbet, father of one of his concubines ; after which, it came, by marriape, to the Herberts, but the Ld. Brook was lately, if he be not ftill, the Ld. of the manrr. The Fairs here are c-n the Eve of St. Faith, I it : J-.r.c II, and 7 days ." .. Its Mt. en Tref. is much frequented for corn. In the p. were formerly 2 chantries, and an abbey creeled on ? piece of ground cr.ccmp.iicj with ilu- r. Ar- A U TO A X the Es. of Anglefea; and Aunfley- Woodhoufc, a hitnlet belonging to it; which was in the poireflion of William Ford, in the R. of Edward IV. belonged to the late D. of Newcaftle, if it does not to the pre- fcnt. AUST, (Gloti.) a hamlet, which is a chapel to Henbuiy, though 'tis 8 m. from the Ch. and 10 m. above Briftol ; is a dirty village among the fah-marihes by the Severn-fide, only frequented for its ferries over that r. to Bleachly, at the mouth of the Wye j tho' 'tis not near fo much ufed as formerly, fir.ce the efiablifli- m-nt of that called the New-pafTage, i m. and a half lower down, which ia reckoned much the fafeft. It was formerly called Auft-Clive, from its fituation on a cliff, and the manor was fettled a good while in the fami- ly of the Capels, till they fold it to Sir Samuel Attry, by whofe daughter it palled to the Randals ; and from the latter it came to the Veels. Mr. Camden remarks, that this was the place from whence K. Edwaid the elder palfed over to hold a conference with Llewellin Prince of Wales. AUSTREY, (Urartu.) not 2 m. from Bramcote, to the N. E. to- wards Stafford/hire. The manor was granted by Henry VIII. to Sir Wil- liam, afterwards created Ld. Paget of Beaudefert, who fold it to the Brcretons. AWFOI. D, (Surry) on the b, of SuiTex, 7 m. E. of Hailemere. It has nothing memorable but certain infcriptions in its Ch. yard for French- men, who, upon the maiTacre in Franc;, came to Er.gb;:d fcr refuge, let up a houfe here for making glafs, and were here buried. AVVLBY, or AULDBY, (Tcrkjk. W. R.) 7 m. from York, ftands'cn the r. Derwent, and from remains of antiquity, often found he.e, rs \veil as the rubbi/h of an old caftle on the top of an hill towards the r. 'Tis fuppofed to be the Deventio,a Roman ftation, mentioned by Antoninus, in his itinerary. (3?" AXBRIDGE, (Son ) ' m. from Wells, 105 cm. and 13. i im. from London. It's a Bor. undc. Icn- dip-hills, near the Chedder-c' I > called from the r. Axe, by wh: : it is water' d about 7 m.from its mouth. 'Tis a neat little T. and is gove.nrJ by a mayor, bailiff, recorder, town- clerk, &c. The mayor has 2 ma;es carried before him, one by a ferje- ant, and the other by a perfoa ap- rted by the bailiff. It former- lent members to Pt. and be- fore the Ref. had a chantry. The charters, eftablifhing its Corp. were granted by K. Hen. VIII. and Q., Eliz. and confirmed by K. James l7" It has an Aim. endowed, and Fairs on Feb. 2, Mar 25, and JUKS n. Mt. on Th. Teazles, as they call the thirties ufed in the Woollen-Mf. are more cultivated here than in any other part of England. Ax E Y, (Line.) the chief T. of the ifle of Axholme, where is to be feen the platform of a caftle, which bel, to the Mowbrays, but was demoliiti- ed in the Barons wars. AXHOLM,(L/;.'C.) is a river-ifland, in the N. W. part of the Co. formed by the Trent, Idle, Dun, and other TO. that encompnfs it. 'Tis about 10 m. long, 4 broad, and 20 in ccm- pafs, and yields alabailer, and flax, and a fweet-icentcd ihrub, called gall. Petts, and the dead roots of fir-trees, arc alfo found here. The Mowbrays, and after them, viz.. in the fixteenth. century, the Ld. Sheffield had great part of this ifland in their pofleffion. K| Ax M i s T E R , ( D.-I-. ) on the b. of Srmer. and Dorfet. 119 cm. and 146 mm. from London, from which it lies in the road to Ex- eter, which is 22 m. off. Tis a healthy, clean, confiderable T. It has one part of its name from the r. Axe, en which it ftands, and the other from a mincer, erefled here by K. Athelfhm for feven priefts to pray for the departed fouls cf ft me perfons buried here, who were killed in his army, when he defeated the Danes at the bloody battle in a D neigh. A X neighbouring field, which, to this day, is called King's-field. This T. drives a linail trade in kerfeys, drug- gets, and other articles of the woollen jVIf. and 'tis well lupplied with fifh from Lyme, Axmouth, and other coaft Ts. in its neighbourhood. Its Fairs are on April 25, June 24, and theM. after Micb.Ut. on S. K. John gave this manor to the Ld. William Brewer, who got the grant for its Mt. and its Midfuntrmr Fair. From him it defcended'by an heirefs to the Ld. Mohun of D'jnfter, who gave it to the abbey he had built at Newen- ham, in Gloceft. Co. AXMOUTH, ( Devon. ) on the coaft bet. Lyme and Sidmouth, in the road from Exeter to Dorchefter, now the feat of Sir John Colletcn, Et. has a large fair bay, which, in former times, was a good flicker for fhips j but being given to the monks of Sion - abbey, it had been fo ne- glected when K. Henry VIII. gave it to his fervant, Walter Earl, Eiqj whofe pofterity do now, or did very lately enjoy it, that it was quite f poiled, and all attempts made to re- cover it have proved in vain. AYDON, or HEYDON-BRIDGE, (Nortbumb.) 5 m. W. of Hexham, was the Lp. of Anthony Lucy of Cockermouth, in the R. of Edw. II. who granted him a charter for a weekly Mt. on Tuefday, and a Fair on July -2. i, and 3 days after. There is a bridge here over the S. Tyne. AYLBURTON, ( Glouc. ) on the \V. bank of the Severn, oppofite to Berkley, was formerly the manor of the Herpetrees, Gourneys, and Berk- leys, and lately in the heirs of Sir Robert Woodruffe. It is a chapel to to the Ch. of Lydney. AYLESFORD, (Kent) on the r. Medway, 4 m. to the N. of Maid- flon, 6 S. of Rochefter, and 28 from London, is the feat of the Noble Ld. to whom it gives title of earl. The p. is divided by the r. The N. part, where the Ch. (lands, in anci- cat denjeiiie, and has a conftable of A Y itfelf. TheS. part, which contains the manors of Prefton and Milhale,was given by K. H. I. to the Ch. of Ro- chefter. The manor of Aylesford (except the ancient demeihe, which was in the crown) was the inheritance of Ofbert Gipford, in the R. of K. John, and from his family it pafied to Ld. Grey of Codnor; but who were his fucceflbrs in it we know not, nor any thing more of his Lp. than that he founded a mon. in Aylesford- wocd, which, after the Ref. was giv- en to Sir Tho. Wyat, whofe fon for. feiting it to the crown by his rebellion againft Q^Mary, Q^Eliz. gave it to Mr. Sidley, whofe brother, Sir Will, erected a bridge, and an Hof. here in 1607, for fix poor people, each to be allowed 10 /. a year. Here is alfo a ch. f. and a Fair the zgth of June, Near this place, under the fide of a hill, is a heap of ftcne, refembling Stone - henge, on Saliflmry - plain. The common people call it Keith- coty houfe. AY LEST ON, (War.) in the p. of Atherfton, near the Avon, formerly bel. to the abbey at Gloucefter, but remained in the crown after the dif- folution, till Q^Eliz. gave it to Mr, Raiusford of Clifford, in Gloucefter- fhire, in whofe family it was about a hundred years ago, if it be not ftill. AYLMOUTH, ( Nor thumb. ) fo called from its being at the mouth of the r. Alne, 4m. E. of Alnewick ; was one of the forfeited eftates of Hen. Earl of Northumberland, which Edw. IV. fettled on his brother the D. of Clarence, for the better fup . port of his dignity of Ld. Lieutenant of Ireland. It's faid the bones of gi- ants are often dug up on the fhore of the r. near this town. AY NO on the Hill, (Ncrtbamf>.\ in the Angle of the Co. next to Oxt. near the r. Charwell. In the R. of Edward II. John de Clavering ob- tained a charter for a Mt. on Tu. and a Fair at Michaelmas j but both have been long difufed. In the R. of Hen. IV. it was the eftate of Reginald Ld. Cob* A Y B A Cobham, and remained in his family till John Ld. Cobham gave his whole eftate, after his deceafe, to K. Edw. III. The Hof. of St James or St. John, in this place, with all its eftate, was given by John Fitz- Alan, Earl of Arundel, to Magdalen-college, Oxf. in the R. of "Richard III. John Cartwright, Efq; of this Town ( vvhofe defcendant, the late Thomas Cartwright, Efq; Kt. of the /hire in thirteen fuccefiive Pts. had a feat here) gave 10 / a year, payable out of an eftate at Bloxham in Oxfordfh. to the ufe of Brazen-nofe-collef:e, Oxf. for the fubfiftance of two fcho- Jars born in this /hire, Chelh. and Oxf. but efpecially to be chofen from the publick grammar-fchool, which he founded in this T. cr from Budworth or Wrenbury in Che/hire. Hereisalfoach.f. AYS TON, (Rut!.) near Upping- ham-parkj was in the R. of K. Ed- ward I. in the family of Sir Will. Murdon ; after which it came by marriage to that of Boyville, and thence it paffed alfo by marriage to Thomas Reftwold ; but, of late, it came to the family of George Bru- denel, Earl of Cardigan, which has a feat here. B A BABINGLEY, or BABURGH- LEY, (Norf.) upon the fliore of Lynn-deep, famous for the landing of Felix the Apoftle of the E. Angles, to convert the inh. to chriftianity. BAB WORTH, (Nott.) near Red- ford. The Saundby family were an- cienty Lds. of the manor, from which it pa(Ted through the Swillingtons to that of Grendon, \vhofe heirs fold it to Sir William Treffebut 5 Sir Ro- bert, his defcendant, fold it to Sir Richard Willoughby of Wollaton. In the R. of Q^ Eliz. Rich. Wort- ley is fuppofed to have been Ld. of it, and, not long ago, it was pur- chafed by Sir Gervafe EJwis, BADBY, (Nortbamp.} bet. Catef- by and Daventry, bel. formerly to the abbey of Crowland ; and in that part of the Lp. towards Catefby, is a Roman encampment, called Arbu- ry, on the top of one of the highefi hills in this Co. BADDOW Great, (EJJcx) near Chelmsford, had anciently a family of the fame name, whereof was Dr. Richard de Baddow, the founder of Univerfity, now Chare-hall, in Cam- bridge, 'it was lately the eftate of the Pafchnls, and the feat of Ralph Vernsy, Efq; BADOESLEY-CLJNTON, (War.) 2 m. W. of Wrox-hall ; had its name from the Clintons, its anci- ent Lds. from whom it paffed to Dudley, the mayor of Coventry, in the R. of Henry IV. and afterwards to Robert Catefby, and to Bromi:, who was undcr-treafurer of the Ex- chequer in the R. of Henry VI, From his family it came by marri- age to that of the Ferrers. BADGESLE Y-ENSOR, {Warv.\} bet. Allerfton and Whatley ; had its name from a family to which it an- ciently bel. From the Enfors it paffed through thofe of Herthull and Cockayn to Francis Leving, Efq, BADGEWORTH, 4m. N. E.from Glocefter, in the road to Cheltenham, and half a m. from the London road, near a r. that runs into the Severn, is noted for great quantities of Bar- ley produced in its neighbourhood, and was lately the feat and manor of Charles Hyet, Efq; BA D L ES M ER E,(AT!Tc)not far S. of Fever/ham, in the road to Wye, an- ciently bel. to a family who took their name and title from it, one of whom, in the R. of Edward III. ere&ed a mon. here. It went after- wards, by marriage, to the Veres, Es. of Oxford. K. Ken. VIII. gave it to Sir Robert Southwell, who fold it to Sir Anthony Aucher ; after which it paffed, by marriage to Sir Humphry Gilbert, who fold it to Sir Michael Sands, in wLofc fami- D z ly B A B A Iy it was net long ago, if it be not row. BADLEY, (Su/.) near Needham, \vas the Lp. of Edmund Alccck, Ifqj from whom it came by marri- age into the family of Simon Poley. BADMINTON, ( Gloc . ) Magna & Pari-a, have a chapel of eafe to Hawkesbury, and lie on the b. of Wilts, 3 m. to the N. E. of Chip- ping - Sodbury and Wickwar, 1 5 from Gloceller, and 85 from Lon- don. The p. is 6 m. in compafs. It was the Botelers manor and feat for near 400 Years, till one of them fold it to Somerfet E. of Worcefter, whofe posterity have ever fince en- ioyed it with the title of D's. of Beaufort. Henry the late D. made fuch additions to it that it is thought one of the compleateft feats in the Km. and when K. William pafled this way, he faid to the D. he did not wonder that he never came to court, fince he had fo (lately a palace of his own to keep his court in. At JDudminton Magna is a ch. f. BAGGING TON, (Wariv.) 4 m. S. E. from Coventry, is a Lp. which, before the Ref. was fettled by Rich. N;-viI, E. of Salifbury, on the dean and chapter of the collegiate Ch. of Warwick; but after it, K. Henry VIII. granted it to Francis Goodere of London, Gent, and his heirs, one of whom fold it in the R. of James I. to Sir Henry Rainsford, who fold it to William Bromley, Efq; the an- ceflor of the prefentLd. of the manor, who, maintains a ch. f. for all the poor children here. BAGNALL-CHAPEL, (Stafford.) near Hilton-abbey, and the fcurce of the Trent, was heretofore the Lp. cf, a then confiderable family in this Co. who took their names from it. The Greenaways, another anci- ent family of gentry, had a feat here, which ftill retains their name. BAGSHOT, (Surry) bet. Stains and Hartley-row) 7 m. from Wind- for, and 23 cm. and 29 mm. from London. It has one or two good inns, but is mofl famous for its mut- ton, the fheep killed by the butchers here being generally brought from the downs of Hampfhire. It was formerly called Holy-hall, and was the Lp. of our Ks. who had a houfe here and a park, which was laid o- pen after the civil-wars. K. James andK. Ch. I. often came hither to hunt. Bagfliot-heath is a barren de- fert, with nothing but Furze, ex- tending for a great many rns. in Berk/hire and Hamp/hire. The D. of Roxburgh, the E. of Arraa, &c. have feats on it. BAINT-BRIG, ( Ttr*, N. R. ) where the r. Ure receives the Baint, near Swalefdale-foreft j has fome re- mains of a Roman-garrifon, on the hill called Burgh, where a ftatue of the Emp. Aurelius Commocus was dug up not very long ago j and it had once a chantry. fc3* BAKEWEL, (Derb.) the beft T. on the N. W. fide of the Peak, ftands 1 14 m. from London, on the Wye, near its influx into the Der- went. It is a large T. with feven chapels, though but one Ch. which is a peculiar exempt from epifcopal jurifdidlion. It is fuppofed to have been a Roman T. becaufe of altars dug up near it fome years ago at Haddon-houfe, anciently the feat of the Vernons, and fince of the Ds. of Rutland. Its Mt. is on M. and chiefly for lead, and its Fairs are Feb. 27, Aug. 15, Sept. 21. BALDERTON, (Nctt.") near New- ark, in the London-road, was the eftate of the Bufiys, a family that came over with William the Conq. but in the R. of Q^EIiz. the heirefs carried it by marriage to the Meers's of Lincolnfhire, who fold it to Giles Fofter, whofe heir fold it to James Leeke, and his heir fold it to Mr. Lafcelles, of Elfton. The cure of this p. and that of Faringdon, is ferved by one vicar, and the tithes of both bei. to the prebendary of Bal- derton, SAL- B A B A fc^> BAI.DOCK, (Hartf.) a pretty large T. bet. hills, on the old Roman way, called the Ikening-Street, 9 m. from Barkway, 29 cm. and 38 mm. from London ; from which it lies in the road to Oakham and St. Neots. In the R. of K. Steph. the E. of Pembroke fettled it on the Kts. Templars ; and here was formerly a chantry, but on the Ref. it fell to the crown. Here is a large handfomeCh. with three chancels, and an excellent ring of fix bells. Mr. John Winne, gave 1 1000 /. to build 6 aim. here, and to purchafe lands to raife an an- nuity of 40 s. a piece to every cne fettled in it. The T. ftands in a chalky foil fit for corn ; and as there are many maltfters here, it has a cen- fiderable Mt. on Tb. both for corn and malt. Its Fairs are Febr. 24, July 23, Sept. 21, Nov. 29. BALLES, (Hartf.) in the hamlet of Little Am well, a noble feat, fo called at firft from its owner (in the R. of Edw. I.) one of the burgeffes of Hertford. From him it patted to William Hendmarfh.by whofe daugh- ter it went to Richard Willis, Efq; of Horningfey in Cambridgefhire 5 but his fon fold it to Sir John Hcrri- fori, in whofe family it has remained ever fmce, and was the retirement of governor Harrifon from Fort St. George in the Eaft-Indies. BALEHALL, (Wano.) a little to the W. of Coventry, near theQueen's Park, bel. formerly to the Kts. Tem- plars, who obtained a Mt. for it, and 2 yearly Fairs j and afterwards to the Kts.ofSt.TohnofJerufalem: While the Templars had it, the tenants of this manor could not marry their daughters without their confent. At the Ref. K. Hen. VIII. afligned it for the dowry of Q._Cath. and in the R. of Edw. VI. it was granted to the D. of Somerfet, and his heirs ; but upon his attainder, it was given to Dudley, E. of Warwick} who being alfo attainted in the next R. QJVIary gave it to Edward, Ld. Dudley, and his heirs, but he furrendred it back to the crown: Q^Eliz. pafied it to Robert Dudley, E. of Leicefrer,whofe daughter, the Lady Catherine Ltvi- fon, appointed a hof. to be creeled here, out of the revenues of this ma- nor, for 20 poor widows of this, or the p. of Long Itchington, each of them to have 8 /. a year, and a gown of grey cloth ,- and 20 /. a year to a minifter to read prayers every day in the hof. and teach 20 childten. B A L SHALL, (York, W.R.) near the conflux of the Ribble and the Hodder, to the E. of Raddon-Park, was the ancient feat of the Talbots family (of which there is ftill faid to be a branch in Lanca/hire) not at all related to the Es. of Shrewsbury. (^j* BAMFTON,or BAUNTON, as it is commonly called, for BA- THAMPTON, (Devon.) ftands on a branch of the r. Ex, in a bottom, en- compafTed with hills, 17 cm. and 21 mm. from Exeter, 13 cm. and 17 mm. from Minhead, and 134 cm. and 160 mm. from London. It was formerly the eftate of the Cogans, an Iriih fa- mily j from wh:m it defcended by the Hancfords and Fitz-Warins to the Bourchiers, Es. of Bath, of whofe fa- mily feveral are intombed in its large Ch. It formerly fent members to Pt. and had a chantry. The T. is governed by a portreeve,and had here- tofore a Mt. alfo on W. Its Fairs are on TVblt- e ructday ) and St. Luke's-dav. Mt. on 5. 3=> BAMPTON, (Oxf.) on ther. Ifis, where it is navigable by boats. It ftands on the b. of Berkfliire, 5 m. from Burford, lorn, from Oxford, and 56cm. and 66mm. from Lon- don, and is faid to have been a place of good repute, even before the con- queft. Its Mt. on W, is noted for fell-mongers wares, no T. in England having fuch a trade for leather Jacft- ets, gloves, breeches, ftockingsj &V. brought hither in great quantities from Whitney, and bought up for the p.-afants of Berks, Wilts, and Dorfet. Its Fair is Aug. 15. The vicandge here is divided into three parts, and B A B A it has a ch. f. for 20 poor children of the two neighbouring villages, Afton and Coat. The manor of th is T. was anciently the eftate of Audemare de Valence, E. of Pembroke, who dy- ing without iilue, it pafled, by a daughter of John Comyn of Bade- nagh, to Richard, Ld. Talbot, in the R. of Edw. III. and his pofterity en- joyed it, 'till the R. of Hen. 5. when, en the failure of iflue, it pafled to Sir John Talbot. In the R. of Edw.IV. it was in the family of the Molins and Hungerfords ; but the latter having forfeited It, by fiding with the Lan- cafterians, that K. difpofed of it to John, Ld. Wenlock. The family of the^Wocds in this place are reported to'riear a great knocking always be- fore any of them die. # BANBURY, (Ox/.) on the r. Charwel, and the edge of Northamp- tonfliire,in the road from Buckingham to Bridgnorth, 17 m, from Oxford, 57 cm. and 77 mm. from London. A caftle was built here, Anno 1125, by the Bp. of Lincoln, then Ld. of the manor, which Hen. VII. gave to Jaf- per, E. of Pembroke, whom he alfo created D. of Bedford. In the ift of Q^Mary it was made a bor. conMing cf a bailiff, 12 aid. and 12 burgefies. In the R. of James I. it was made a mayor T. with 12 aid. and 6 capital turgefTes ; snd, in 1718, it had a new charter from his late Majefty, with the ftyle of mayor, aid. and capital burgeffes. It is now governed by a mayor, high-fleward, recorder, 6 ca- pital burgeffes, and 30 afliftants, a town-clerk, and 2 ferjeants at mace. It has a fine large Ch. a fr. f. 2 ch. f, and a work-houfe. There is fuch good land hereabouts, efpecially rich failure, that it was famous, even in Camden's time, for good cheefe, as it is now alfo for cakes and ale ; and in the ploughed fields near it are often found coins of the Roman emperors. Kere is held in the Mt. at fet times ef the year, that which in other pla- ces is called a ftatute for hiring fer- actSj but here a mop. Its Fairs are on Iloly-TL. Aug. i, and Corpus Chrifti-day, befides the two following for horfes, iiix. the Tb. after Epipb. and the firft Tb. in Lent . Mt. on Tb. This T. gives title of E. to the Ld. Vifc. Wallingford. The T. includ- ing 6 hamlets bel. to it, contains about 700 houfes ; and it has 2 meeting- houfes, here being more difienters, than in any T. of the Co. Here was formerly a popiih chantry. The py- rites-aureus, or golden fire-ftone is found here in great plenty, in digging of wells. BANSTED, (Stirry,) bet. Dark- ing and Croydon, not far from Car- ftidton and Epfom-Wells, is a village noted for abundance of v alnut-trees, but more for its neighbouring Dov.ns, one of the moft delightful fpots in England ; ift, by reafon of its fine carpet-ground, covered with a fhort herbage, perfumed with thyme and juniper, which makes the mutton of this tract, though fmall, very fwect ; adly, for the pretty feats around it ; and 3dly, for its pl'eafant profpect of feveral Cos. on both lides of the Thamer, including a view of the royal palaces of Windfor and Han.>p- ton-Court, and alfo of London, from the tower to Welrminfter, it being a tract of no lefs than 30 m. extend.ng from Croydon to Farnham, though under different appellations. The foil, being for moft part a fort of chalk mixed with flints and fand, is dry focn after rain. There is a four miles courfe on them, which, in the feafon of horfe-races, is much frequented, as all the Downs are, throughout the whole fummer, for their wholfome air. The manor cf this village an- ciently bel. to Gilbert, E. of Clare, who gave it with his daughter to Ro- ger de Mowbray, who, with her con- fent, gave the whole tythe to the pri- ory of St. Mary Overy's, in South- wark. The manor was, in the R. of K. John, or Ken. III. alienated to Hubert de Burgh, E. of Kent j and, to this day, the people here ftiew the remains cf his cellars in a fit, in a field B A B A field at the E, end of the Church- yard. BANTON, (/^w.Jonther.Low- ther, or Loder, a little to the S. W. of Shap j where is a good fr. f. built and endowed by Dr. Thomas Sutton, a native, about the year 1620. He uas a lecturer of St. Helen's, at A- bington in Berks, which he exchanged for St. Saviour's, Southwark. BAPCHILD, (Kent,} bet. Sitting- bourn and Offspring, \vhere, in the Saxons time, a fynod was held, and where are the ruins of two old Chs. or chapels, befides the p. Ch. BAPTHORP, (York, E.R.) _ on the DiTvvent, near its conflux with the Oufe, was the feat of a family of Kts. of the fame name, famous in the R. of Hen. VI. BAFT ON, {Wilt!,.} on the r. Wil- lyburn, near Badhampton, was an eftate, which came to Edward, Ld. Haftings, in the R. of Edw. IV. by marriage with Lady Hungerford. BAR, Magna & Par-va, (Staff".) near Walfall, are 2 manors, which were formerly the Somerys 5 and in the R. of Rich. II. they belonged to Thomas Beauchamp, E. of Warwick, who forfeiting them by rebellion, they were granted to John de Beau- fort, Marquifs of Somerfet, and his heir?. BARBURY-HILL and CASTLE, (#7/,) a little to the W. of Ogborn St. George, and not far from Marl- borough-Downs. The caftle flood on the hill, and there are feveral burrows en the adjacent plain, a fign that fome great battle was formerly fought there, fuppofed to be that bet. Kenrick, K. of the W. Saxons, and the Britons, in 536. BARCHESTON, (JVariu."] a pretty village on the banks of the Stour, near Shipton, which bel. formerly to the Whitacres, and in the R. of Hen.VJ. to theDurants, whofe family held it, for fevers! fuccefilons, 'till one of them fold it in the next R. to William Willington, of a Gloucefterfhire fa- nail)-, a rich merchant of the Staple j with one of whofe daughters, it went, by marriaee, to Mr. Shelden. BARDEN-TOWER, (n/^W.R.) near Barden-Chace and the r. Wharf, bel. in 1607 to the E, of Cumberland, and afterwards to the E. of Thanet, who married the heirefs of that fa- mily. BARDFIELD-MAGNA, (Ejfex,) near Thaxced, had formerly a chan- try, but Q._Eliz. granted the manor to Edward Wymark. 'Tis now the feat of Sir James Lumley, Bart. BARDNEY, (Line.) on the r. Wy- tham, near Wragby, bet. Lincoln and Horncaftle, had once a famous mon. in which K. Ofwald was buried. BAR? ORD, near Warwick, on the S. fide of the Avon, over which it has a ftone bridge. Its family, who were Lds. of it for three or four fuccef- fions, took their furname from it. It went, by marriage, from them to the Nasfords, and afterwards it pafled to the Es. of Warwick. BARGHAM, (Stiff.) at the fource of a r. that runs into the Oufe, al- moft oppofite to Thetford, bel. for- merly to the priory of Ely. In the Ch. lies interred Helena, the only daughter and heirefs of Thomas Lit- tle of Bray in Berks, the wife of EJ- ward Bacon (the third fon of Sir Ni- cholas Bacon, Ld. -keeper) who had 19 fons, and 13 daughters, and lived to near 82 years of age. 83* BARKING, (Eff'tx,) 8 cm. and 10 mm. from London, on a creek that leads to the Thames, from whence goods are brought up in vef- fels to its quay. It bel. formerly to its nunnery, which was the richeft and oldeft in England, being founded by a fon of Offa, K. of theE. Saxons, An. 63o. The Danes deftroyed it in 870, but it was rebuilt, when the Conqueror retired hither, foon after his coronation, 'till he had erefted forts in London to awe the citizens. K . Ja. I. fold the manor to Sir Thomas Fanfhaw, but the late Sir William Humphreys, Bart, was the laft Ld. of that manor, As the abbefs was lady B A B A lady paramount of all the manors in the H.'of Becontree, the Lds. of this ma- nor have been fo everfince, and have enjoyed great priviledges and profits in'it. The T. is chiefly inhabited by fiihermen, whofe fmacks lie at the mouth of the creek in the Thames, from whence their fi/h is fent up in boats to Billingfgate. The p. is large, and fo much improved, by lands got out of the Thames, and Barking r. Rcthing, on the W. fide of it, that the great and fmall tithes are com- puted at above 600 /. a year. It has 2 chapels of eafe, one at Ilford, and another on the fide of Epping-Foreft, called new-chapel. The Fair here is Ofl. 9. Mt. on S. A little beyond the T. towards Dagenham, flood a great old houfe, where the gunpowder treafon is faid to have been contrived. {f^> BARKWAY, (Hartf.) 3111. from Royfton, 15 from Cambridge, 32 cm. and 35mm. from London, in the H. of Edwinftree, of which the E. ofEffex is proprietor, is a popu- lous, flourifhing T. being a confide- rable thoroughfare, in the road to Lynn in Norfolk, with feveral good inr.s ; and the Ch. has a chapel of eafe, about i m. off. There were 8 feveral manors here, formerly bel. to different owners, but they were all, not long ago, in the hands of Mr. Chefter. Mt. on F. BARLEY, (Hanf.) a or 3 m. be- yond Bark way, in the iame road. The manor was granted, byK.Edw.III. to Henry, D. of Lancafter ; from whofe family it came firft to William Mar- tin, and then to the Hores, and af- terwards to the Spencers. Here is a fr. f. BAR MB Y on the Moor, (Nott.} a hamlet of Blithe, formerly bel. to a family of the fame name ; and now a famous baiting-place for the ftage- conches bet. London and York. BAR MUST ON, called alfo R/.R- MYSTON and BARKZSTON,(^X) is near Dunmow, and fuppofed to "have been built by fome of the Berners fa- mily, in the R. of Edw. I, from it pa(Ted, after fome fuccefli- ons, to Thomas de Woodftock. 6th fon to Edw. III. after which, it being forfeited to the crown, K. Hen.VIII. gave it to Sir John Gate ; who alfo forfeiting it to Q._Mary ; /he gave it the Ld. Rich, in who'e family it re- mained, 'till it was fold to Sir Wil- liam Wylde, Bart, the judge, from whom it came to his fon, Sir Felix. BARNACK, (Nort'camp.") on the r. Welland, bet. Maxey-Caftle and Bur- leigh, above the place, where the Roman way, called by the inh. the Forty-foot Way,from its breadth, ap- pears in a high caufey, efpecially by the little wood of Barnack, where it has a beacon fetupon the ridge of it, and fo runs along by Burghley park-wall. BARNARDISTOK, or BARON- DISTON, (Suff.) from which the Barnardifton family had their name, lies 6 m. N. of Haverille. In the R. of Edw. I. it was the Lp. of Margaret de Willoughby, and afterwards of Thomas da Woodftock, (mentioned in Barnefton) E. of Buckingham and D. of Glofrer, who endowed a col- lege of priefts with it, which he foun- ded at Plefliy in Effex ; of which, it is fuppofed to have been held by the Barnardiftons, who had their feat here in the manor houfe, though it was afterwards removed to Kedding- ton in this H. f^B AR N A R DVC A S T L t ,(Dar.) 185 cm. and 253 mm. from London, ftands on the r. Tees, 15111. from Richmond in York/hire, and takes its name frfim its builder, Barnard Ba- liol, great-grandfather to John Baliol, K. of Scots. In the R. of Q._El)z. Sir George Bowes, and his brother, held it out eleven days, againft the re- bels under the Es. of Northumberland and Weftmorland, who were forced to grant them an honourable capitulation. In the R. of Edw. IV. the D. of Glcf- ter (afterwards Rich. III.) ei-efted a college here for a dean and canons ; and in the fame R. a hof. was founded here for a mafter and 3 poor women. K. Will. III. advanced it to a Barony B A B A in the noble houfe of Vane. The T. coafiits chiefly of one handlbme ftreet, with lanes branching from it. The mfs. of it are ftockings, bridles, and belts : and here is the bell white-bread in all this country. Its Fair is on Julyzi. Mt. onjr. BARNES, (Surry,) bet. Barn-Elms and Mortlake, 5 m. from Kingston, and 7 m. from London, is aJmoft en- compafled by the Thames. The re- giftcr of this p. begins Anno 1538. The manor-houfe was formerly at Barn -Elms. B3 BARNESLEY, (ttr*,W._R.) lom. from Doncafter and Wakefield, and 136 cm. and 175 mm. from Lon- don, in the road from thence to Rich- mond. 'Trs about 5 furlongs in length, on the fide of a hill. It drives a confiderable trade in wire, and hard wares made of iron and fteel. The T. though it is well built of ftone, is called Black-Barnefley ; but whether from its forges, which are continually fmoaking, or from the neighbouring moors, which have a footy afpedl, like black heath, is not certain. Here is a Fair Sept . 14. Mt. on W. * BARNJSTAPLE, (Dc-vonjb.) on the r. Taw, 30 m. N. of Exeter, 184 cm. and 194 mm. from London. The name is compounded of Bar, which, in the British language, is the mouth of a r. and Staple, which, in the Saxon, is a mart of trade. It had walls formerly, with a cattle, the li- berties of a city, and a haven, which became at laft fo fhallow, though at fpring tides the neighbouring fields are overflowed, that moft of the trade removed to Biddiford ; yet it has ftill lome merchants, and a good trade to America and to Ireland, from whence it is an eftabli/hed port for* landing wool ; and it imports more wine, and dther merchandize, than Biddiford, and is every whit as confiderable ; for though its rival cures more fifh, it does not drive fo great a trade with the ierge-makers of Tiverton and Ex- eter, who come up hither to buy fhad- fiflj, wool, yarn, &c. This T. is pleafantly fituated among hills, in the form of a femi-circle, to which the r. is a diameter, and has a fair ftone- bridge over it of 16 arches, with a paper-mill. The flrcrts are clean, and well paved, and the houfes of ftone. *Tis a mayor-T. (by charter of Qj__ Mary) with 24 C.C. of whom 2 are aid. befides a high-fteward, a recor- der, his deputy, &c . It gives title to one of the four archdeaconries of the diocefe of Exeter, and is noted for good ale. Here are 2 ch. f. and it had formerly feveral popifli chantries, and other religious houfes. Q. Mary gave the manor of this T. to Thomas Marrow of Warwickfhire, whofe fon fold it to the Chichefters, the prefent owners of it. It has fent burgefles to Pt. ever fmce the 23d of Edw. I. Its Fair begins Sept. 8, and lafts 4 days, toll free. Mt. on W. and F. (5> BARNET, (Hartf.) locm. and 1 1 mm. from London, in the road to St. Albans. 'Tis called High- Barnet, from its fituation on a hill ; and Chipping, or Cheaping-Barnet, from the Mt. which was granted here, by K. Hen. II. to the monks of St. Albans, which is famous for cattle, efpecially fwinc j and being a great thoroughfare, 'tis well fupplied with inns. After the dhTolution of abbeys by K. Hen. VIII. Q^Mary granted the manor to Anthony Butler, Elqj whofe grandfon fold it to Sir John Weld ; from whofe family it pafled through divers hands to Sir Thomas Cook, late an aid. of London. The Ch. here is a chapel of eafe to the vil. lageofEaft-Barnet. Here is an alms - houfe, founded and endowed by James Ravenfcroft, Efq; for 6 widows j and a fr. f. founded by Q._Eliz. and en- dowed partly by that Q._ and partly by aid. Owen of London, whofe ad- ditional endowment is paid by the fi/hmcngers company, who appoint 24 governors j by whom the mafter and ufher are chofe to teach 7 chil- dren., gratis, and all the reft of the p, fa B A B A for 5 s. a quarter. The Fairs here are yune 24, Oft. 18. Mt. on M. BARRET-EAST, (Hart.) aplea- fant village, near Whetftone and En- field-Chace, was formerly frequented for its medicinal fpring, found out near 100 years ago, in a neighbouring common. TheCh. is mean, but the redtory very beneficial ; and there is a delightful feat here (Ld. Trevor's) to which Q._Eliz. juftly gave the name of Mount-Pleafant. BARNINGHAM-NORTHWOOD, and BARNHAM-WJNTER, (Norf.) are z villages, a little to the W. of Thurgarton, which have parted from the Berninghams, the 6rft Lds. of it, by the Hetherfels to the Palgraves ; and it is now the feat of Sir Richard Palgrave, Bart. BARN WELL, near Cambridge, where in the Normans time was an abbey, fo called, fays Camden, from the wells of children or beams, be- caufe they ufed to meet here for fport, on St. John's eve ; fo that it came at -laft to be, what is now called Midfum- rwrFair. This village was burnt down in the year 1731 5 but a more deplo- rable accident happened here 4 years before, -vi. on the 8th of Sept. 1727, which many good families have fad caufe to remember. A multitude of people being aifembied in a barn to fee a puppet Ihew, it was fet on fire by a villain who was denied admit- tance ; and the fpedlators crowding to the door, which was made faft, it was fo long e're it was opened, and efpecially as it turned inwards, that the people tumbled over one another in getting out ; and during this, the roof fell in, by which numbers were fmothered ; while the fire was burn- ing many more : fo that not above 5 or 6 efcaped out of fix-fcore men, women and children ; among whom were feveral young gentlewomen lof fortune, and many of the dead were fo disfigured and mangled, that they could not be diftinguifhed by their friends, who came next day to remove diem for interment, and therefore they were promifcuoufly put into a large hole dug for the purpefe in the Ch.yard. BARNWELL St. ANDREWS, (Nortbawp.') not far to the S. E. from Oundle, had, in Camden's time, a caftle, which was beautified and aug- mented by Sir Edward Montacute, Knt. Divers Roman coins have been dug up here formerly. Here is a eh. f. BAROUGHDON, (Rut!.") 4m, N. E. of Haringworth, en the other fide of the r. Weland. K. Hen. II. gave this manor to William Mauduit, one of whofe defendants was F. of War- wick. In the R. of Edw. II. we find it in the hands of the Colviles, the Uffords, and of Thomas Beau- champ, E. of Warwick, whofe heir forfeited it ; and Rich. II . granted it to Thomas Mowbray, D. of Norfolk, but K. Hen. IV. reftored it to theE. of Warwick. It came again after- wards to the crown, and Edw. VI. granted it, with other Lps. then cal- led Warwick lands, to his fifter Eli- zabeth, afterwards Q._ She had not held it long, when it was demifed to William Cecil, afterwards Ld. Bur- leigh and his heirs, fo that it is now the manor of the E. of Exeter. It had formerly a Mt. and Fair granted by Edw. III. but both long fin.ce dif- ufed ; and in the popifh time here was a chantry. BARRINGTON Magr.a & Paw a, (GIoc.) 2 villages feparated by the r. Windrufh, near Burford. At the former, which is on the N. fide of it, is a quarry of free-ftone, fo noted for its durablenefs, that much of it has been ufed in Weftminfter-Abbey, and the buildings at Woodftock. The Ld. Talbot has a feat at one of them. BARROW, or BERK,(Uf.) partly in the p. of Colefmore, was in the R. of Edw.H. and afterwards, in the pof- fefiion of the Colviles. In the 7th of Q^Eliz. we find it in the Harring- ton's family, in which it continued 'till the R. of K. James I. when it appears B A B A appears that they held it of Thomas, E. of Exeter, in loccage. BARROWupon the Scare, or Stour, (Lsic.) 4m. S. of Loughborough, lies in a chalky foil, of which the beft lime is made for durable building. It bcl. anciently to the E. of Chefter ; from whofe family it pafled through feveral others to Sir Henry Erdington, one of whofe defcendants being at- tainted in the R. of Edw. IV. theK. granted it to William, Ld. Haftings. Here is a ch. f. BARSTON, (Wariv.} on the r. Blith, a little to the W. of Berkef- well, of which p. 'tis a hamlet, was formerly the eftate of the Kts. tem- plars and hofpitallers ; but after the ref. Q. Eliz. granted it to John Fiflier, &c . It was a cuftom here anciently, that the tenants could not marry their daughters, nor fell any horfe-colts foaled upon their lands, without con- fent of the Ld. of the manor. Here is a chapel, which has long fince been annexed to the Ch. of Berkefwell, the parkin whereof is to provide for the cure. BARTON, (Bedf.) 8m. beyond Luton in the London road to Bed- ford, is the feat of Mr, Welbourn, and noted for a petrifying fpring. {^> BARTON, (Line.) 35m. N. of Lincoln, 30 S. E. of York, and 1 30 cm. and 163 mm. from London, is a large ftraggling T. of mod note for the horfe-ferry to Hull over the Humber, which is 6 m. over, and for the cock matches which are made here fometimes with the people of Axholm. The Fair is July 20. Mt. onM. BAR T o N in the ifle of Wight, i m. from Cowes, has a fine profpecl: of Portfmouth and Spithesd, and is a manor held by leafe, renewable un- der the colledge of Winchefter. BARTON on the Heath, [War.} near Long Compton, on the b. of Oxfordshire and Glouceftedhire, bel. formerly to the Berys and the Under- hills j and in the R. of Jam. I. was fold to Walter Overbuty, fon to Sir Nicholas Overbury of Gloucester- (hire. BAR T ON upon Needwood, (Staf.) fo called, by reafon of its fituation upon that foreft near Whichnor, was granted by the Conq. to William de Somerville ; and by him to Henry Ferrers, whofe pofterity were created firft Es. Ferrers, and then of Darby ; but it was forfeited to the crown, in the Barons wars with Hen. III. Dr. Tayler, mafter of the rolls to Hen. VIII. built a neat chapel here, in the form of Hen. the Vllth's at Weft, minfter. BARWELL, (Leic.) am. N. E. of Hinckley, pafied through the hands of Haflings, E. of Pembroke, Ld. Grey of Ruthen, and Ld. Harring. ton, 'till it came, in the beginning of the laft century, to Sir William Ro- berts of Button- Cheinell in this Co. 5Jc BAR wicjc,orBER WICK upon Tweed, (Nortkumb .) 300 m. from Dover, and 260 cm. and 3 39 mm. from London, is both a T. and Co. of it felf. 'Twas fortified with a caftle, &c. now in ruins, and encompafied with a wall, built by order of QJiliz. except on the E. and S. E. where it iswained bythefea, and on theS.W. by the r. The place bel. formerly to Scotland, was the capital of that ftill called Berwick/hire, and one of the four Ts. where the royal boroughs of Scotland held their convention. Ever fince K. Edw. I. firft took it from the Scots, it has been feveral times taken and retaken. It has been pof- fefied by the Englilh, without diftur- bance, ever fince the R. of Edw. IV. 'Twas incorporated by K. James I, though it had feveral charters long before, feme as ancient as the R. of Hen. V. and it had formerly a mon. Its language and laws are a mixture of Scots and Englifh. It is a large, well built, populous T. governed by a mayor, recorder, 4 Bailiffs, and a C.C. Corn, falmon, and moft other provifions are fold very cheap at its Mt. It has a fine Ch. a good Town . houfe and exchange, and a beautiful B A tridge, 300 yards long, with 1 6 ar- ches over the Tweed, which was built by Q._Eliz. and leads to the fub- urb, Called Tweed-mouth, where is another Ch. and bet. the town walls, and its once ftately cattle, is another fuburb, called Cattle-gate. Here is a noble fishery of falmon, which are carried on horfes to Shields, to be cured, pickled, and then fent to Lon- don, where they are cried as New- caftle falmon. Here is a considerable mf. of fine ftockings, and a ch. f. The harbour is but mean, and not navigable very far within it ; for the bridge is within i m. and half of the bar at the mouth of the r. though the tide flows about 4m. above the T. The bar is alfo too high for any Ships that draw above 12. foot water, nor is there any good riding in die Offings near it. This T. gave the tide of D. to one of K. James the lid's na- tural fons by Mrs Churchill, 'till be was attainted by Pt. for taking arms Bgainft his native country. Its Fair is in Trinity -Week. Mts. en JF.and S. Its jurisdiction, which extends about 2 m. N. and N. W. abounds with corn, hay, and pafturaee. BARWICK 'in Elmet, (TV^W.R. rear Aberforth, laid to have been the feat and granary of theKs. of North- umberland, during the heptarchy ; after which it pafled to the Lacys, Es. of Lincoln, next to the Es. and Ds. of Lancaster, and in the R. of Hen. IV. to the crown. It appears by the rubbiih to have been encompafTed with a wall. Here is a remarkable nicunt,calledHall-Tower-hill, which his two trenches round it ; and on the N. fide of the T. is a high fteep Roman bulwark, part of the Roman way from Bramham-Moor, and called Wendel-Hill. TheCh. is fuppofed not to be older than the R. of Hen. V. the fleeple having been built in that of Hen. VI. BASFORD, (Nott.) in the S.W. part of the Co. near Bilburgh, once bel. to a family of the fame name. In the R. of K. Edw. I. it was the B A manor of the Cantilupes, from whom it palled to the Zouches. BASH AM, Eaft and Weft, (Nerf.) S.W. from Walfingham. In the'R. of Hen. VIII. Sir William Fermer built himfelf a feat here, which is fmce fettled in the family of theCal- thorps. Sir Henry Spelman fays, it was a common report in his time, that the faid K. Hen. went bare- footed from one of thefe villages to the Virgin Mary's mrine at Wallin:?- hsm, to offer it a necklace of very great value. BASING, (Hump.} on the N. E. fide of Bafingftoke, gives tide of Ba- ror. St. John to the D. of Boltcn, who has a feat here built out of the ruins of Bafing-houfe by his ancerW, John, Marquifs ef Winchefter,u h ich was formerly a garrifcn for K. Ch. I. and was befieged feveral times by die Pt. forces in vain ; but taken by ftorm by O. Cromwell, the i^.th of Oft. 1645, and tne Marquifs with *oo others made prifoners. The houfewas a fpacious beautiful feat, which \\~ss foon after demolished ; and, according to the report made to the Pt. by Hugh Peters, who was at the taking of it, fit for an Emperor. There was a bed in it, faid to be valued at 1400 /. The Marquifs, from its gal- lant defence, called the houfe L-.ie Lcyalty, which hecaufed to be v.-rir- ten with a diamond in every window cf it ; and Jjmcs Lya-ulie, which is the fame in French,hr.s ever f.nce been the motto of die arms of diis nclle family. The Marquifs's loyalty was reckoned the more extraordinary, be. caufe he was a catholick. & BASINGSTOKE, (Hamp.) 1 6 m. N. E. of Winchester, 39 cm. and /8 mm. from London ; from whence it is a great thoroughfare in the road to the W. 'Tis a large po- pulous T, with a great Mt. fcr all forts of corn, efpecia'ly barley, here being a great trade in malt, as there is allb in druggets, /hallpons, &c. 'Tis a mayor T. with a recorder, 7 aid, 7 capital burtelTos, &c. Bei'dos the B A B A the <2h. here was a very neat chapel, now ruinous, built by William, the firft Ld. Sandys intheR.ofHen.VIII. The roof of it was adorned with the hiftory of the prophets, apoftles, and difciples of Chrift. Near it is a f'r. f. befides which, here arc 3 ch. fcs. in one whereof 12 boys are taught, cloathed, and maintained by the /kinners company in London. K. Hen. III. founded a'hof. here for the maintenance of altar priefts. The adjacent country, though furrounded with woods, is rich in pafture, and fprinkled with fine houies, and a brook runs by theT. which haspknty of trout. Its Fairs are W. in Wblt- fun-iosek, and Sifr. 29. Mt. on W, Jf. BATH, ( Soin. ) 9 m. from Frome, 12 from Briftol, 89 cm. and 1 08 nam. from London, was fa- mous in the Romans time for its me- dicinal waters. In the Kg's. bath is the figure of K. Bladud, whom Mr. Cambdcn calls the fouthfayer, with an infcription under it, which lays that he found out the ufe of thefe biiths 300 years before Chrift. 'Tis fo frequented by the found for plea- fure, as well as the fick for health, that in fome feafons, efpecially when the place has been honoured with any of the royal family, here have been no lefs than 8000 ftrangers. The fprings were, do -btlefs, fenced in by the Ro- mans with a wall to feparatethem from the common fprings ; and the tradi- tion is very probable, that they made fubterranean canals to carry off the other waters, left they fhould mix with thefe ; for the town and neigh- bourhood abound with cold fp. nj?, which in fome places rife very near the hot ones. As this city lies in a valley furrounded with an ajnphithca - trical circle of hills, the heat of its waters, and their milky detergent quality, are afiribed to a mixture of two different waters diftilling from two of thofe hills,i"'x:. Clarton-Down and Lanfdown ; the former of which has fprings that are fulphurcous, or bituminous, mixed -vith nitre, and the latter fuch as are tinfturea" with iron ore : befidcs the adjacent coun- try abounds with mines of coal:, which are agreed to b2 lulphureous and bituminous. Here is a bridge end a ferry alfo over the Avon, which waflies it on the S. and W. and was, in purfuahce of an aft of Pt. lately made naviga- ble to Briftol, by means of fix locks ; and a projeft is on foot for making it navigable alfo to Bradford, Melk- Iham, Lacock, and Chippenham. The walls of the T. which, though flight, are almoft entire, are thought to have been the work of the Ro- mans. It has four gates befides a poftcrn. The late D. of Chandos made great additions to its buildings. Without the walls is a ftately fquare, called Queen's ; and in the cen- ter of it is an obcli/k, 70 foot high, which the infcription imports was ercfted by Richard Nafli, Elq; (the mafter of the ceremonies at this place) in grateful remembrance of the honour and benefits conferred on this city, by the Pr. and Pfs. of Wales in 1736, when they were pleafed to lodge in this fquare. In that near the abbey-church, called Orange- fquare in compliment to the Pr. of Orange, there is alfo a monumental ftone, erected by the fame Mr. Nafti in 1735, with an infcription (hewing thru the health of this Pr. was re- f;ored by BAT TEL, (Sufi.) 6m. from Mailings, and 57 from London. Its old name was Epiton ; but took the prefent from the battle fought on Heathfield bet. this and Haftings, wherein Harold was defeated and kil- led by Will, the Norman, who ereded an abbey there of Benedictines, to at- tone for the effufion of fo much blood, and to pray for the fouls of the flain. Its abbot was mitred, could protect the grcateft villains that fled to it, and even lave the life of any that was go- ing to be executed. By the remains of it, it was, no doubt, a ftately pile, and almoft i m. in com. The gate- houfe, which is almoft entire, ferves for the feffions, and other publick meetings. The incumbent of the Ch. here is called dean of Battel. The T. is reckoned unhealthy, becaufe it is low and dirty. Here is made the fineft gun-powder in Europe. It has a harbour for barges, and a ch. f. There is a hill near it, with a beacon on it ; for which reafon, it is called Beacon-hill, though its old name is Standard-hill, becaufe the Conqueror fet up his ftandard on it, the day be- firo his abovementioned victory. Be- tdes its weekly Mt. on 'Tb. here is a monthly one on Tu. and a Fair Nov. 1 1 . Battel-hall is now the feat of Sir Thomas Webfter, but was formerly that of Ld. Montagu. BATTER SKY, (Surry,) on the Thames, 4 m. from Richmond, and 4 m. from London, was bought by Lawrence Booth, Ld. Chancellor Jn the R. of Edw. IV. and annexed to the A.Bk. of York. It gave title of Baron to the late Ld. Vifcl St. John, who had a feat here. The manor was granted to his anceftors, together with Wandfworth, by K. Charles I. and Sir Walter St. John founded a fr. f. here for 20 poor boys, endowed it with 200 /. of which the intereft was to put out one or more of them ap- John alfo gave 100 /. the intereft of which was prentice ; and the Lady St. likewife to put a poor boy or girl ap- prentice every year. The neighbour- ing fields are noted for producing the fineft bundles of afparagus. BATTLE-EDGE, (Oxford.) near Burford, where on Midfummer-Eve a feftival is celebrated, in honour of a victory which one of the W. Saxon Kgs. gained here over a K. of the Mercians. This was the birth-place of Dr. Heylin, the cofmographer, and the feat of the famous fpeaker, Lenthal. BATTLEFIELD, (Salop,) 501. N. E. of Shrew/bury, bet. the roads to Chefter and Holywell. Here was formerly a popifh college, founded by K. Hen. IV. and V. of whom the former gained a victory on this plain, over the rebels under Henry Percy, furmmed Hotfpur. BATTLE SOON, (Bcdf.) a little totheN.W. of Hockley-in-the-Hcle, and on the Reman road, called Wat- ling-ftrcet, 12 m. S.W. of Bedford. The Duncombs were formerly its Lds. but lately the Bathurft family, who have the tit!e of Baron from this, which was alfo their feat ; but it is now that of Thomas Page, Efq; who married a daughter of the late Ld. Vifc. How, and is daily improving it by additional works in a fine tafte. (C3 BAUTRE, (Tor k.W.R.) 14.7 m. from London, near the r. Idle, 8 or 10 m. from its fall into the Trent, and partly in Nottingham/hire, noted for a trade in mill-ftones, and being a great thoroughfare in the poft-road to Scotland. It is well furniflied with E z inns, B A B E Inns. The r. brings hithur from Der- by/hire, not only mill and grind- itones, but lead, and iron ware from Sheffield, which are conveyed hence to Stockwith, Burton, Hull, &c. it being the centre of all exportation from the riding, wherein it is Ctuate. Mt. IV. and S. Fair 4 days in Wbitfun- fycek, procured of K. John by Robert de Vipont, Ld. of the manor, for a prcfent of four palfreys j and another ffw. ii. Here was once a mon. BAWDSEY, (Sujf.) not far from Harwich, was heretofore a Mt. T. and the manor was in the family of the Uffords. It palled, by marriage, to Sir John Wilioughby, the anceftor of the Lds. Wilioughby of Erefby, in whofe family it continued feveral fuc- ccn"ion>, 'till it palTed, by marriage, to Richard E&rtue, Efqj. Kere is a haven for fmall veflels at the mouth of the r. Deben. BAXTIRLZY, (^ r arw.Hm.W. cf Atherfton, is a hamlet of Grendon, which, after being the eftate of Henry tie Ferrers, canjc to the E. of War- wick, of whom it was held by Ri- chard de Harecourt 5 from whom it pafi'ed to Level, whofe fon fold it to John Chetwind in die R. of Hen. I. i-'art of it %\ as fold by his descendant to a gentleman, whole feoffees palled it to the abbey cf Merevale ; and af- ter the ref. it was purchafed of the erown by Walter de Devereux, Ld. Ferrers of Chartley, and confequerrtly in poffeiEon of Robrrt, E. of Effex, in i 640. Baxterley-hali in this moiety was built by John Clover, one of his retainers. The other moiety was in the R. of Edw. IV. poflefied by Judge Littleton, whofe defcendant, Sir Edw. Littleton of Pillaton-hall, Staftbrd- fiiire, fold it to truftees for the free- holders, in whom it now refteth. Here is a ch. f. BAYLY-PARK, (Sujf.) in the p. cf Heathfield, with a manfion-houfe on a beautiful eminence, that has a view of the fea, and of the country, for som. round. There are about 333 acres bel. to it, including a finall pavk and a fine grcve. BAYNTON, (York, E. R.) 8 IP. S. W. of Fordlingham, in the road from Beverley to Kilham, in that mountainous tradl, called Yorkfwold, had formerly a chantry, and was the Lp. of Peter de Mauley, in the R. of Hen. III. and from his family it paf- fed, in the R. of Edw. III. to John de Grey of Rotherfield j from whofe pofterity it pafied, either by marriage, or purchafe, to other families ; of which we have no farther account, than tliat the rcdlory is aoo /. a year, in the gift of St. JohnVcollege, Ox- ford. BEACHWOOP, (Hartf.} in the p. of Fhmitead, fo called from the abun- dance of fine beach-trees formerly growing here, is a delightful feat of Sir Themis-Sanders Ssabiight, Bart. with a pleafant park. Korc was once a nunnery, independent of sny other convent, and then called Si. Giiec m the wood. BEACH WORTH -EAST, (Surry,) where wis a caftle on a knoll, not far from Boxley-hill, bet. Dai -king and Rygatc, which John, E. of Warren, Ld. of the m?nor, granted to Edw. II. In the R. of Edw. III. Roger Hufe was poffefled of it ; after wliicfc it bel. to Thomas Fitz-Alan, E. of Amndel, from whofe family it puffed to the Browns, the anceftors of Sir .Adam Brown, who being the Jaft male heir of it, his niece carried it, by marriage, to the family of Mr. Fenwick, who pulled down the great- efl part of the caftle, and turned it into a dwelling -houfe. It was lately the Lp. and eflatc of two brothers, George and Francis Freeman, and now the. feat of Ld. Montjoy. BEACHY-HEAP, (Sii/ex,} near Pevenfey,and bet. Haftings anc Shore- ham, fo called from the adjacent beach, is reckoned the higheft chft" of all the S. ccaft of England, 1 for it projects over the beach to a greater perpendicular heighth, than the mo- nument of London. Hares, clofely purfued, have tumbled over the edge of the precipice, with a hound or two after B E B E after them, and been da/hed to pieces. The beach, where in ftormy weather fo many fhips have been loft, has fe- veral large caverns made in it by the fea. From hence, to beyond Arun- del, the country, along the coaft, tor a great breadth, rifes into tho'e high hills called the South-downs. BEACON-HILL, (Ej/'ex) oppofite to Landguard-fort, and on the S. fide of the mouth .of the port of Har- wich, has a large, high light -houfe upon it, for the fake of fhips patting into or by it ; from whence there is an extentive view of the coaft of Suffolk and Eflex, the T. and port of Harwich, and the men of war riding at the gun-fleet. There is a pkaiant walk from hence to that T. which is about half a m. and at the foot of the hill a well of petrifying water. Much of the ftone along the (hare is of thecoperas kind, of which mineral, a great deal is found be- tween this promontory and the Naze- point, about 5 m. hence on the Ef- Jcx-fhore. g^3E A CONSFIEL D,(Bucks)% m. from Marlow, 22 cm. and 23 mm. from London, in the read to Oxford, with feveral good large inns ; is of note for being the birth-place of the famous poet Mr. Waller, ftiled the Englifti Tibdlus, who had a great eftate and a fine feat here, which is ftill that of his defcendant Edmund Waller, Efq; It has a Mt. on ?b. and Fairs on Feb. 2, and Holy Tb. BEAKEEBOBN, (KW,)4m.S.E. of Canterbury,, has long been a mem- ber of the port of Haftings, and en- joyed the Liberties of a Cinque-port, by virtue of a fpecial grant of Edw. III. It was the ancient poffefiion of the Bekes, who held lands here by grand-ferjcantry, to find a fliip when Hen. III. had a mind to pafs the feas. The Abps. of Canterbury had a neat houfe here, encompafled with the r. Leaving which is a trout- ftream. BEAR, (Devon,) in the road from Lyme to Exeter, and 4 m. from Fly- mouth, was called Bgar-Fcrris, from the ancient family of Ferrers. Is the R. of Hen. VI. here were filver mines, which were re-enter'd by the late Sir John Maynard, but have been fmce difcontinued. The reclo- ry here is a good benefice, the p. be- ing fo large, that it had formerly two chapels of cafe. The Ch. is at one end of the p. clofe by the banks of the r. Tamar, with only a few cottages near it, and here was for- merly a chantry. 5f; BEAR-ALSTON, orBERAL- STON, or, as fome call it, BOR AL- STON, (IW.) on the r. Tave, 3 m. fr. Taviitock, and 163 cm. and 200 mm. fr. London.is a fmaU,but ancient bor. by prefcription, and is govern- ed by a portreeve, who is chofe year- ly. The burgage-holders, who pay 3 d. a year, or more, acknowledg- ment for the land they hold in the borough to the Ld. of the manor, are the only voters for its members, who are returned by the portreeve. This place, though of fuch confide- ration as to fend two members to Pt. is only a hamlet, in the p. of Bear- Ferris above-mentioned, from the Ch. of which it lies near 2 m. It did not fend members till the 2yth of Elir. when many other mean bo- roughs had the like fummons ; and, in its firft return-, it was called Bere- alvefton. Its houfes, which are not a hundred, are but ordinary, and its Mt. on ?b. but inconfiderable, Its Lds. however, to whom it has been obliged for its privileges, were fome of them of the firft rank. The firft of thefe was a branch, which' (lays Rider, in hisfurvey of Devon) budded out of the royal family of Alencon, in France, on w l :om Wil- liam the couq. beftowed Bire, from whence it has corruptly afiumed its prefent name. He fays, that in the R. of Henry II. this honour was held by Henry Ferrers, who had his caf- tle here, and that an heirefs of his family brought this eftate to the Champernouns, by whom it defcen- ded to Willoughby Ld. Brook. It afterwards came to the Ld. Mo~t- E 3 joy' B E B E jjy's family, and next went with the manor of Bere-Fcrrcrs to Sir John Maynard, by whofe grandaughter it palled to the late E. of Stamford ; .and in default of iflue by her, to Sir Henry Hobart, Bart, father to the prefent E. of Ruckiiighamffiirs. BEAUDESERT, ( Staff. ) 5 m. from Litchfield. 'Tis a famous old feat, faid to be built by Hugh Lu- .pus, E. of Chefter, delightfully fitn- :ite among woods, with a park near the Trent, which once bel. to the Bps. of that fee, with many other hamlets in and near the foreft ; but in the R. of Edw. VI. the then Bp. exchanged them for certain btnefi- fices, which were obtained of that K. by Sir William Pager, afterwards xreated a peer, with the title cf Ld. Paget of Bcaudefert ; and it is now the feat, as well as barony of the E. f Uxbridge, his noble descendant. In the park coal is dng for carving, though the common ule of it is for filing. Here are the remains of a . large fortification, called Csftle-hiil, which is fuppofed to have been ca-ft up by the Danifh K. Canute, when he ravaged this part of the country. This hiii is fo high, that it is faid to command a view of nine counties. P^BR AUBF. SER i ,or,asit is called in the maps, BELDESERT, (War.) is a little 'to the N. E. of Henley, and had its name from its pleafjnt tituatitn, given it by Hen. de New- burgh, the lii ft E. of Will wick of the Norman line, who built a caftk here, which, with the park, con- tinued in his pofterity many ages. It had in K. Stephen's R. a charter for a Mt. on Sunday, which was changed by another for M. together with a fair on Sept. I. This Lp. came afterwards to Thomas de Beau- champ E. of Warwick, and then to Sir Thomas Botteler, and after him to S'ir John Norbury and Henry Edknap, who quitted it to Edward IV. in fatisfaftion of a debt they owed to the crown. K. Edw. VI. pa* e it to John Dudley, E. of Warv,-. aw. his hens, but he being attainted it reverted ta the crown, and Q^ElIz. gave it to Ambr. Dudley E. of War- wick, his fon ; but he dying with- out LiTue, it attain went to the crown ; from which it was purchaled by MT. Cawdwell, an Aid. of London^ Sir Baldwin Trevill, and his pofterity, had fome lands in this manor, which were afterwards in the pofieffion of Charles Smith andLd. Carrington. BEAUFORD, or FAIRFORD, (Devon.) 3 m. S. E. of Torrington, where the chief mancr bel. to the Haws. BEABSALE , ( JFiifzv. ) near Wedgenock-park, a member of the p. of Hatten, was formerly in tl.c pofleflion of a Ld. Hatton, and after- wards of the E. of Warwick, and had a chapel lately, called Cuckuw-Ch. BEAWI. EY, (Harr.f-.) in die New- foreft, near Southampton, was called Bcaulieu, from its pleafant fituation, where K. John founded an ably for 30 Ciftertian monks, to attonc for the murder of fomc ablx-.ts of that order, whom, upon a pique, he had cr.ufed to be trodden under his Iiorie's feet. The D. of Montagu has a feat here, and the place is of note in Lon- don, &c. for its fine beer. BECKFORT, (G/oc.) near Di:m- b'eton, on the b. of Worcefterihirc, rr.H a pricry, and is, or was lately, a feat of Mr.' Wakcman. BUCK IT* OH AM, (Nott.) on the b. of Line, ne-tr Gainibcrougji, w;.s for a long time, the manor and feat of a family of its name. Here was a chantry, which Edw. VI. granted to Thomas Reeve and George Colter;, who, by licence, alienated the fame to Robert Harrilbn and his heirs. The Ch. here is a prebend to the collegi- ate Ch.of Southwell. Dr.Howel, who wrote the Medulla Uiftorif Ar.gln.s- na, was born here. BECKLES, (&nff.) 90 cm. ar.d 107 mm. from London, ttands on the r. Wavency, which is navigable hi- ther from Yarmouth by barges, ar. d from hence to Bungay. 'Tis a large populous T. and the ftreets are wfil paved, and kept clean, though u.a B E B E hiildings arc but mean, many of them being thatched. It had once u chantry, and has now a noble Cli. and 2 fr. Its. well cnJoweJ, one a gram- mar fc. with ten fehohnihips forEma- nusl-college in Cambridge, appropri- ated to it by SIT John Leman, Kt. in the R. of James I. There are ftill to be feen the ruins of another Ch. here, called Ingate. The quarter - feflions for the liberty of Birthing, are ufually held here ; and a com- mon bel. to the T. of no lefs than 1000 acres. The Mt. is S. BECKLEY, (Oxf.) on the b. of Bucks, bet. Wocdilock and Thame. Its demefne was granted by Edw. III. to William Montacute E. of Saiif- bury, in revedion, after the death of John Handlow, Efq; Under the park of' this place, the Roman way bet. Aid - cheiler and Wallingfor J is plainly to be di favored, by the paving {rones found hereabouts ; and from hence it pal Jet h to the: wood near Stockars. Here is alfo a by-road, leading from Alcefter towards Oxford. (f3> BED ALL, (ttrJ.N. R.) 6m. from N. Allerton, 8 from Richmond, and 180 cm. and 252 mm. from London, is a little T. in Richmond- fiiire upon a rivulet that runs into the Swale, near Gatenby ; but is of chief Note for its living, faid to be worth 5-^0 /. a year, and for being the thorow-farc of the Roman cau- fey, leading from Richmond to Bar- nard' s-caftle, which, for 20 m. toge- ther, is called Leeming-lanc. There's a ch. f. a Mt. on Ta. and a fair June 24. All the adjacent country is more or lefs full of jockeys and horfe-deal- crs, here being the beft hunting and road horfcs in the world. BEDEN, or BEDING, ( Svflix, ) 13 m. from Lewes, ftands near a r. of its own nsme, which runs into the fea at New-Shoreham, and produces very pood mullets, pikes, plaile, eels, 3V. Some battle is fuppofed to have been fought betwixt this and Lewes, from the many graves, with bones of dead men (iikovcred in the road, * BEDFORD, (the Co. T. of cdfordjbir-S) 40 cm. 47 mm. from London, is a clean, well-built popu- lous place, where the aflizes are al- ways held. It was famous fifft of all for the interment of the great K.OfFa. It was once deltroyed by the Danes, but repaired by Edward the elder. After the conqueft a caftle was built here, which, though very ftrong, K. Stephen took from the Emprel's Maud. K. John took it in the ba- rons wars, and caufed it to be demo- liflied. It firft gave title of D. to Plantagenet the regent of France 5 then to John NcviJ, Marq.ofMon- tacute, and then to K. Edward IV's fon, George l'lantagenet,who dying an infant, the titie lay vacant fill' Henry VII. created his unck, Jafper Tudor, D. of Bedford, who alfo died with- out ifluc : And thus far, 'tis remark- able, that the title was en-oyed by the firft pofTeflbr only of each family. But K. Edward VI. making John Rutfel E. of Bedford, the dignity !v been ever fince in that il/uffrions houfe, with an advancement of it to the title of D. by K. William III. now enjoyed by the moft noble Ld. John Ruflel. '1 is governed by a mayor, recor- der, i bailiffs, T2 aid. 2 chamber- lains, a T. clerk, nnd 3 fcrjeants. Here are 5 Ch. of which St. Paul's is the chief ornament of tiie T. The N. and S. parts of Bedford are joined by a fine ftone-bridge, over the Oui'e, which has two gates. The fpot where the caftle ftood is a bowling- green, of the grcateft fame in Eng- land. Here is a fr. f. founded in the R. ofQ._Eliz. by a native of the T. Sir William Harper, Ld. Mayor of London, befides an hof. for 8 poor people, founded by Thomas Chrifty, Efq; formerly one of the reprefenta- tives of this T. in Pt. Here is alfo a ch. f. and ^ hof. for Lepers. The adjactnt foil being very fruitful in corn, efpecially barley, and the beft wheat ; the former is exported by its navigable r. tQ Holland, by way of Lynn, B E B E Lynn, and the latter is carried by vaggons 20 m. .oft" to the Mts. of Hitchcn and Hartford, where 'tis bought again, ground and earned in the meal to London. Its r. fome- tirr.es, after a rain, makes fuch an inundation of the iile of Ely, that at fuch times 'tis common for the peo- ple there to fay, the Belli ff of Bed- ford is a.ming. Here is a Mt. in the N .fide of theT. on -S'.for corn,and on the S. fide on Tu. for cattle. Its Fairs are March 4, the firft Tu. in L-jnt, May 2, June 24, Aug. i and 10, Seft. 21, N. 23, Juf) 15. BEDWORTH, (!Par.) 3m. S. of Nun-Eaton in the road to Coventry, bel. after the conqyeft to the E. of Warwick, who enfeoffcd the lif- tings family With it. It was fuccef- fively the manor of Turvile,Craft, ajvl the Charnels ; and from the litter it patFed to Ld. Aftley, and from the f>- male heir of that family to Reginald, Ld. Gray of Ruthen. It defended afterwards to Henry, D. of Suffolk ; by whofe attainder 'it efcheated to the crown, and was by Q._Eliz. granted to Mr. Gerrard, &c. to hold in capita ; and afterwards hy the fame Q^to Cle- ment Fi flier, Efq; and his heirs, wiMi the neighbouring coal-mines, and the advowfon of the redtory. Here ars 2 ch. fs. one for boys, the other for girls. BEERE, (Kent,) a manor in th p. of Weft-Clive, anciently the feat of a family of that name ; from which it paffed to the Tcoks, who held it many ages, and was aftctward* pur- chifed B E B E chafed for the heir of Sir George Rook. St. BEES, (Cumber.] 2 m. from Whitehaven, and not a m. from Egre- rsont-caftle, is a promontory en the Ihore, which had formerly a priory, and now has a good grammar fr. f. founded by Grindal, A.B. ot Canter- bury, who was born here. It has a library, which has been much im- proved by Dr. Lamplueh, A.B. of York, Dr. Smith, Bp. of Carlifle, Sir John Lowther of Whitehaven, and ethers : and the fchoolmafter is prc- fented by Queen's-college, Oxford. This p. is vaftly large, but the vica- ridge very poor. Here was formerly a Benedj&ine priory to which the par- fcnage of Workington was appropria. ted ; and it was a cell to St. Mary's- abbcy at York. BESS-TON .CASTI.K, (ClrJ&r.;). near Bunbury, and not far from De- lamere-torerr, v.'as built by Riinuiph, E. of Chefier, en a precipice fenced all round with mountains, and appears by its ruins to have taken up a vaft extent of ground. The Bedtons, an ancient family, of which was Sir William Beefton, the governor of Ja- maica, took their name from this place. According to Leland, in his verfes upon this caftle, old prophecies fay it fhall rife again from its ruin?. BEES TON, (ronf.W.R.) a Lttle to the S. of Leeds, to which p. it is a chapel of cafe. It is a cor,", place noted for the mf. of bor.e-kce, itraw-hats and hatbands. Here is a hall which wai anciently the feat of the family cf the Bceftons, and a park which is a fpring \vood of 60 acres, with a mine 'of coa!. One of the Beeftons fold this manor to Sir John Wood, Knt. of Cambridge/hire ; but for want of iflue male, it went, by- marriage of his daughter, to Thomas Worfiey, of whofe family it was purchafed by Mr. Bland of London. In the windows cf the chapel are the arms of the Nevih, Beeftcns. &c. The Gales family had an eftats here formerly, and were numerous 5 after which that of the Hills had it, who fold it to aid. Kitchingman of Leeds. Here is a hof. for widows, founded end endowed, wkh 60 /. a year for ever, l>y the lady of Sir John Hewley. Cat-Beeiron, or" Woody-Beeftcn, is a Lp. in the fame p. which did bel. to the Latimers, and afterwards went to the Milners, merchants of Leeds ; of whom William Milncr, Efq; the late Ld. was a great benefactor to its ch. f. BE LIY, (Won.) near the city of Worceftcr, is a Lp. that bel. formerly to Edmund de Mortimer, and was af- terwards alienated to the Beauchamps, Es. of Warwick ; but on the attainder of one of them, ir. the R. of -Rich. II. Thomas Hoiiand, D. of Surry, had a grant of it in fpecial tail. It was afterwards the feat and native place of the great Ralph Sheldon, -Efq; 8^3? Be i. EFORP, (JVcrttumli.) a little to the N. cf Woller, formerly the Lp. of Walter de Huntercomb, as rppcndant to the barony of Muf- champ. It was afterwards alienated to the family of Me'nhill ; by a diUighter of which it went at length to John, Ld. Darcy. Here is a Mt. on 1'u. and Fairs on Tu. before mit- ^ur.day, and /Ivg. 12. BELFAST, {Line.) a clean village, with a fine fpring 5 where in the laft century was the ffat of Michael Mcncion, 'Efq; one of Oliver Crom- wei's iuitices of the peace. It {rands to the' S. E. of Beiwood-hall. BE i GRAVE, (Leic.) am. N. of LeicriJer, is a pleafant fruitful village on the banks cf the Soare, where many perfons of note have hud feats and eftatcs ; particularly William de Belgrave, to whom the Lp. wa? given by the E. of Leicester, to hold as of his hcnour cf Leice'ier ; and in the Ch. are feveral monuments and arms of the Belgraves family. BEI.SYSE, (Midd.} though now in ruins, was formerly a fine feat of Ld. Wotton, and afterwards of the late E. of Chcrterfirltl, on the S. W. fide oi liampitead-h:li, where was a chape!, B E B E chapel, and a deer-park. This place was of fpecial note in 1720, the fa- mous fouth-fea year, when it was turned into an academy fur mufick, dancing, and play ; and not a little frequented by realon of its neighbour- hood to London. BELTON, (Leic.} bet. Loughbo- rough and Stanton-Harold, has Fairs on Friday after 'Trinity-Sunday, and Aug. 15. though no Mt. BEL TON, (Lin;.} within a m. of jGrantharrij with a large park and fine gardens, is the feat of Ld. Tyrconnel, and one of the moil regular and beau- tiful in the Co. HELTON, (Line.} in the ifle of Axholm, on the b. of Yorkshire, is a parfonage which bel. to the corp. of Lincoln. BELTON, (Rut!.} a chapelry to Ridlingtcn, or elfc to Wardiey, is a little T. within the limits of the old foreft of Lyfield, which, in the R. of Edw. II. and a long time after, was the manor of William le Blount and his poilerity, the Lds. Montjoy, and had grants for 2 Fairs in a year, which aot find are continued. From th* Blounts it parted to the family of Haiilwood, who, in the R. of Jam. I. o^nveyed it to Thomas Philips and (icorgc Butler ; but it is now the ma- nor and feat of the Ld. Willoughby of Broke. Several eftates in this p. were formerly abbey-lands. BELV.OIR, or as it is commonly called BEVEK-CASTLE, (Line.'} 4 m. from Giantham, and 83 from London, was, according to Carrulc.i, and others, built by Robert de Te- denci, or Tctcncio, a noble Norman, to whom William the Conqueror gave this, and 30 other manors in this Co. and who erefted a priory near it, which was "a cell to St. Albans in Kaitfordihire. It afterwards came to the family of Ld. Roos, or Rofs ; from whom, by marriage of a female heir, it pafied to Sir Robert Manners, whole fon, the E. of Rutland, rebuilt the caftlr, which had been demolished in die R. of Hen. II. and it has con- tinued the feat of that family, who are now Ds. of Rutland, ever lincc : and a very magnificent one it is, this noble family having, for fev^nl gene- rations, fpared no coft to render it de- lightful, Co as to anfww its name, for it affords a charming profpect into the Cos. of Nottingham, Derby, Lei- cefter, Rutland, and Northampton- fhirc, as well as over the fruitful val- ley undent, which, for the moft part, bel. to the D. and fpreads from this Co. into thofe of Leicefter and Rut- land. In the fine gallery of this no- ble feat are fine family, and other pic- tures, buth ancient and modern j par- ticularly the original one of K. Cli. I, as he fat at his trial. 83 s BE MISTER, (Dtrj'ct.) 9 m. S. W. of" Ever/hot, is a peculiar vi- caridge of the Ch. of Sarum, had a chantry cnce, but now a good ch. f. and was late the feat and manor of Mrs. Giirbid. Here is a Mt. onT. and a Fair 6'^>/. 8. BEN EN DEN, (Kent,} near Rol- venden and Cranbrook, and adjoining to the p. of F erfliam, bel. in the R. of Edw. III. to .1 family of the lame name ; but pa;ied, by marriage of the female heir to Sir William Brenchley, Ld. Ch, Jufh of the Common-Pleas, as it did afterwards to the Mores of Ivy -Church, who removed hither, and new built the irunfion-houfe, which they called More-court. They lived here above 100 years, and then ibid it to Mr. William Watts, whole polle- rity have lincc enjoyed it. BEXF L E R T Migna, (Effex,} near Canvey-ifland, had a caillc 'heretofore built by a Danifh commander, who much infeited the Enghih from it. The Ch. bel. to Weitminrter-abbey ; and here was formerly a chantry. The lady Appleton had a feat heie not long iince. BENGWOKTK,' (Wore.} on the, ride of the Avon, oppoiite to Eve- fham, to which it is a chapel as well as fuburb, and enjoys the privileges of that corp. Here is a ch. f. for 30 boys, Hiaistained by a legacy of 2000 /. left B E B E left by Mr. Deaclc, a woollen-draper in St. Paul's Church-yard, who was a member of Ft. for Eve/ham. BENHALL, (Sujf.) near Saxrruind- ham, formerly the Lp. of the Uf- fords, then of the De la Poles, Es. of Suffolk; but on Michael De la Poles' s attainder, Rich. 11. granted it to John oc Holland, E. of Hunting- den. It is now the feat of Sir Ed- ward Duke, Bart. BENIN G TON, (Hart.} near the ji:;d\vay bet. Hartford and Baldcek, was formerly uunjiaied of Alexander de Baliol by John dc Bcnfted, who. icing a juftice itinerant, obtained a grant for a court-leet, a Mt. on W. and a Fair o,n St. Peter and Paul's /!'.' v, with divers other privileges fmce loft. Hib family enjoyed it four fuccefiions ; but it came "at' length to the Bourchicrs, Es. of Eilex, whofe fur.r.le iliue carried it to Sir William Fair, who forfeited it to the crown by his treafon ; fince which, it has pafled through diveis hands to the C;itrs, the prefent Ld-. of it. It had once a cafile on a hill, the deep ditches of which are ftill to.be feen. St. RENNETS, (Norf.) a little to the S. li. of Rcpeham, commonly called St. Rennets in the Holme, ;'. e. a river-ifiand, hid formerly a mon. built by the Danifh K. Canute, and Jo fortified by the monks, th;:t it was more like a caftle than a cloiiler, and held cut fo long againft William the Conqueror, that he could not take it, 'till it w;;s betrayed to him by one of the monk?, on condition that he fhould be abbot ; but he wrs hanged for his treachery. The foil of this ifland is very fenny. BENSHtNTTON, Or BENSON, (Oxf.) on the Thames, a little be- low it? conjunction with the liis. It was formerly the eftate of the Hol- lands, Es. of Kent. The parfona'.;.? of its Ch. which is a donative, VIMS given by Hen. VIII. to his college of Chrift-church, Oxford. In the neigh- bourhood was a royal palace, for- merly a beautiful ftrufturtr, tut very much decayed, byieafonof its fctca- tion near boggy low grounds. The Roman way caft up bet. Alcefter and Wallin ford, goes over the Thames here on the W. fide of the Ch. and is called by the bh. Medler's Bank. BKNTLEY, (WVw.)bet. Kingf. bury and Shiftock in the p. of which it lies, though 2 m. to the N. of it, was formerly the eflate of the Cam. vils, and afterwards of the Aftleys, the Curfons, and the Cifles. BF. N T o N Magna,OT Mickle-Ben- ton, (NerthtarJ>.) near Newcaftle. Sir Philip Somerville of StaffordlTiire having had grants from the crown, of feveral manors in this part of England, for his fervices to the Baliol family, gave the Church here with certain lands in the parirti to Baliol-col- lege, Oxford, for the perpetual main- tenance of 6 fchohrs, to be elected out of this and the neighbouring Ts. Here was formerly a chantry. B E N T o N Parva , or Little-Ben- ton, near the former, was, in the R. cf Edw. II. the Lp. of Jeffery de Scrope of Mafham in York (hire. In that of K. John, it was the eftate of William Heron. Then it came te the Lds. Grayftock ; and in that of Hen. VI. it bel. to William Fits- Hugh, and now it is the feat of Wil- liam Bigge, Efq;. BKNWELI,, (Nortkumb.} near Newcafrle, where feveral urns with coins in them were found not long ago, is the feat of Robert Shafto, Efq;. The proprietors of the adjacent col- liery have fet up a ch. f. to inftrudl 70 poor children of the pit-men in the chriftian religion. BKNWVKE, (Kortbuwb.) in the ward of Coquetdale, was one of the manors which K. Edw. IV. be- ftowed upon his brother, the D. of Clarence ; and was afterwards part of the eftate cf the family of the Percys, Es. of Northumberland ; but upon the attainder of Henry, E. of Northumberland, in the R. of Edw. IV. it paiTcd to the i.rown. BERUON, (E/fx,) a little to the S. of Clavcring, on the b. of Hart- , formerly lei. to the priory here. B E B E here, viz. both the manor and the reftory of the Ch. But after the ref. the whole was granted to Henry Parker, to be held of the crown in cafite ; and from his heirs they came to Sir Thomas Ramfey, Ld. mayor of London,who fettled them in truft on the Ld. mayor and commonalty of the city, for the ufe and benefit of Chrift- Ch. Hof. which enjoys the profit of the eftate ; and the governors nomi- nate a chaplain for the cure of fouls, who is licenfed by the Bp. of Lon- don. gj> BERE-REGJS, (Dorfetjb.) (lands on a rivulet of its own name, near its influx into the r. Piddle, bet. Wareham and Middleton, and 92 m. from London. 'Twas for a long time the feat and manor of the ancient family oftheTurbervils,and the chacewasthe Bp. of BriftoPs. Here is a Mt. on W. and a ch. f. ^BERKELEY, (Gloc.} i8m.fr. Glocefter, and 89 cm. and in mm. from London, is the largeft p. in the Co. being 24 m. in compafs. 'Tis governed by a mayor, and aid. and gives title of E. as well as furname to the ancient family of the Berkelcys, who have a caftle here, where the room in which K. Edward II. was imprifoned, is ftill to be feen. The Severn, for almoft 6 m. runs by this p. which lies fo low, that it is reck- oned neither pleafant nor healthy, but 'tis famous for producing good cheefe. This manor, which is termed in old records, the honor, of Berkeley, is one of the largeft in England, moft of the Ts. in its H. and many other places in the Co. be- ing in all near 30 ps. depending up- on it; and the lands that are held of it are reckoned worth 30000 /. a year. Here was a famous nunnery, to which the manor did be!. 'til! a lit- tle before the conqueft, when God- win E, of Kent, fending a beautiful youth, who debauched the nuns, and even the Lad. abbefs, prevailed with the devout K. Edward to take it horn them, and give it to him, Y/iilb.rr. the Conq. no fooner obtained the crown, but he gave this manor to Roger, a Norman, who thereupon affumed the name of Berkley ; but having no children, it defcended to William his nephew, whofe fon Ro- ger was violently ejected out of the caftle and honor, and the maner was given in the R. of Henry II. to Robert Fitzharding, whofe pofte- rity have enjoyed it ever fmce, they having changed their name to Berk- ley, when they came to refide here. The impropriation of the ch. which is a very large handlbme ftruclure, reckoned worth 300 /. a year, was the pofleflion of the abby of St. Auftin in Brifrol, fill the ref. when K. Henry VIII. granted it to the dean and chapter there ; but it is now become the eftate of the E. of Berkeley by exchange. Here is a ch. f. and the Mt. is on W. and the Fairs May 3, and July 20. {^BERKHAMSTED, (Hart.^zq. cm. and 30 mm. from London, was anciently a Roman T. and Roman coins have often been dug up here. Some of the Saxon Ks. kept their courts, and held their great councils here. Will, the cenq. who fwore here to the nobility to prelerve the laws made by his predecdTors, gave this manor to Robert E. of Morton, who 'tis faid built a caftle here, but re- belling in Normandy againft K. Hen. I. he feizcd it, together with the ma- nor. K. Henry II. kept his court here, and granted it all the laws and liberties it had enjoyed under Edward the confeflbr, particularly that no Mt. fliouKl be within 7 m. of it, that the inh. mould not be obliged to attend at any ailizes or feflions ; and that their merchandize fhould pafs free of toll or cuftom through England, Normandy, Aquitain, and Anjou. This place gives title of Marquis to the D. of Cumberland, though, till the year 1726, it was always appro- priated to the Prince cf Wales. In the R. of Henry III, it was a bor. and in the 141(1 of Edw. III. font F mem B E members to Pt. There bel. to this honor and manor n townfhips in this Co. 15 in Bucks, and 27 in Northamptonfhire, which arc obliged to pay homage, and chuie conftables here. K. James I. to whofe children this place was a nui fcry,made it a corp. by the name of bailiff and burgeffes of Eerkhamfted St. Peter, the burgefies to be 12, to chufe a recorder and town-clerk, to have a prifon, &c. but the corp. was fo impoveriihed by the civil wars in the next R. that the government dropp'd, and has not been llnce renewed. Its Mt. which is on M. is much decay'd, though it is a pretty Jarge T. with a handfome broad ftreet, of a good length. What remains of the caftle, which is but one third of it, was, not long sgo, Mr. Carey's, now the feat of the Ro- per's family. The other two thirds were burnt down in the R. of Ch. I. and are only to be known now by the moats and wails. Here is a fpacious ch. which has II cf the apoilles on its pillars, with each of them afen- tence of the creed ; and on the 1 2th pillar is St. George killing the dra- gon. Mr. John Saver and his wife- gave I3oo/. to build an aim. here lor 6 poor widows, and 50 /. a year for their maintenance. Befides a ch. f. here is a free grammar f. a handfome brick ftrudlure ; which \\as 10 years in building, and is well en- dowed, the K. being patron, and the warden of All-fouls college in Oxf. vifitor. St. John's chapel in the ch. is ufed only by the mafter, ulher, and fcholars. The Fairs here are on ^Lrmc-Tu. l7bit.M.Junez<), and .'. Java's Day. BERRICK-PRIORY, (Oxf.) a hnrclet in the p. of Newington, 4 re. N. W. of Watlington, npted fcr chalk-pits, in which is found a fort of iron-coiour'd terra lapidofa, in the very bcx'.y of the chalk, which the diggers call Iron-moulds. BIRRICK-SALOME, (Oxf.) to the S. E. of the former, near Wat- lington, is a rectory, united to the vicarage cf Cbalgrove. B E BERRY-POMERY, (/>**.) near Totnefs, to which the p. joins by a bridge Over the Dart, is fo called film the Pomery's fr.ir.ily, defcended from Radulph de Pcmery, v.ho held this T. and about 50 other Lps. herea- bouts, in the days of William the conqueror. BERRY-CASTLE, in its neigh- bourhood, was firft built by the Pom- cry's above-mentioned, and moft no- biy enlarged by Sir Ed\\aid Seymour, Bt. in the R. of Charhs I. but dc- moli/hed dunng the civil wars. 'Tis ftill the feat of a Bt. of the fame fa- mily. BERWIC, (Ilartf.) near a r. that runs from Wars to Puckcridge, about midway bet. both, was in the R. of Q._Mary I. the Lp. of Sir John Pe- ters, Kt. from whom it paffl-d thro* feveral hands to Edward Chefter, Efq; its late Ld. B E s K w o o n-Lo D G E, (Nottir.%. ) icands in a park to the S. of the fo- re ft of Sherwood, the grant of which has, from time to time, been much folicited by the favourites of our mo- narchs. Sir John Byron obtained it in the R. of Henry VIII. Thomas Markham, Efq; in the R. of Q.^ Elizabeth ; and f;nce that it has been enjoyed by three Es. of Rutland fuc- ceflively. After them the I>d. Wil- loughby of Parham had it in Leale. Since the civil wars, it has been turned into inclofures, and much of it has been ploughed. BEESELSI.EIGH, or BESI L s- LEIGH, (Bvk,) 3 rn. S. W. of Ox- ford, fo called from the Befil's fami- ly, which flourished here many ages, 'till the i6th century, w! en it came to the Fcttiplaces, of whom it was purcliafed by Mr. Speaker Lcntr.all, in whofe family it did, very late'y, if it does net ftill remain. BESTHORP, vv/go Bz STRUP, (Kott.) a hr.mlet to Cauntcn, on the b. of Lincoln/hire, bel. formerly to the family cf the fame name, and lately to Mr. Thomas Briftow, who improved it very much. It has a ch. f. Bis. B E B E BEST ON, N. (Nott.) near Len- ton and Bramcot, bel. heretofore to the Bcauchamps, fome of whom gave it to the priory of Wymondly, in Hartford/hire. K. Hen. VIII. granted it to James Needham, who fold it to William Bolles, from whom it reverting to the crown, Q^ Eliz. pafled it to Benjamin Harris and Ro- bert Morgan. BTCHWORTH-CASTLE,(W.) in the p. of Darking, frauds on a knoll not far from Boxley-hiil. The E. of Warren granted it to Edward II. In the R. of Edward III. it was in the poflefilon of Roger Hufc, and afterwards in that of Fitz-Alan,E. of Arundel. After his family, it was long in poflefiion of the Brown's fa- mily, of which Sir Adam Brown, being the laft heir male, it was brought, by the marriage of his niece and heirefs, to the family of Mr. Fen- wick, who lately pulled down the greateft part of the caftle, and turned it into a dwelling-houfc. BET HERS DEN, (Ken!,) a little to the S. W. of Afliford, in which p. there is a manor, called Betherf- den Lovelace, from its ancient own- ers of that name, one of whom, a mercer of London, founded a perpe- tual chantry here, confirmed by Hen- ry VI. but the eftate was at length conveyed by Col. Richard Lovelace, to the Hulfes, a Che/hire family. g^f- BE T L E v, (S:a/.} about 5 m. W. of Newcaftle - Under- Line, acd from Namptwich in Cheshire, and 120 cm. from London, has a Mf. on Tu. Fair July 20. The manor bel. formerly to the Lds. Audley. BETSHANGER , (Kent,) near Knowhon, was at the conquclt the manor cf Sir Robert Porch, after- ward;, that of the Marnay's family. In the R. of Edw. III. it bel. to John do Soles, and in that of Ri- chard II. to Bertram de Tencrey, whofe uel'cendants fold it to Mr. Rutter, from whom it pafied to Litchfield, and then to Thomas Cox, Efij;. of Sandwich, who fold it to Mr. Bois, in whofe family it was lately, if it be not ftill. Little BELSHANGER is a feat in this p. which bel. to the Cliderows till the latter end of Henry VIII. when it parted with the female heir in marriage to Thomas Sloughton, who fold it to John Goikin, and he to Mr. Bois. BETEWORTH, ( War. ) not far from Solihull, was in the R. of Hen. HI. made a chapel of eafe to Tamworth, by a licenfe from the pope, on condition of paying a \\ ax- candle of a pound yearly to the mother ch. It was formerly a manor of the Monforts, then of the Cateibys, and then it was fold to Thomas Green, whofe pofterity now do, or did lately enjoy it. BEVERCOTES, (Nott,) near W. Markham, to the vicarage of which it has been joined ever fmce the fall of its ch. about 60 years ago. It was formerly the manor of a family of its name till the R. of Edward VI. when it came by marriage to the Molineux family, after which it was fold to the E. cf Clare, anceilor of the prefent L>. of Newcaftk. * BEVERLEY,(nr^.E.R.)6m. from Hull, 22 from York, 142 cm. 179 mm. from London, Stands near the r. Hull, to which the townfmen drew a channel of 6 furlongs for the conveyance of boats and barges. The imgifiratcs were at firft 12 governors and wardens, and by the favour of Q^Eliz. and K. James II. had a mayor, recorder, and 12 aid. &c. In the Saxons time, a men. was built here by John de Beverley, who re- tTed into it aft;r he renounced the Ar^hBk. of York, and the T. itfelf was made a fan&uary for debtors, and all perfons fufpefled of capital crimes, bcfides being exempted from toll or cuftom in any T. or port of England. The minfter here, which is a neat ftruclure, founded by K. Athelftan, is now a parochial Ch. ha-; feveral mcmimcnts of the Piercies Es. of Northumberland, and a tomb Fa of B E of two virgin filters, who gave the T. a piece of land, into which any freeman may put three milch kine, from March 25, to Seft. zg. The Ch. was beautifully repaired not kng ago, by help of a brief procured in 1710, and of a Aim of money granted by K. George I. who alfo gave the ftone for it from a diffolved men. of St. Mary's in York. Sir Michael Wharton alfo gave 500 /. in his life-time, and 4000 /. by will, as a perpetual fund, to keep it in repair. St. Mary's is another Ch. and both together are reckoned the fineft and largeft in the kingdom. Several Iprings run through the T. and the liberties of it include about loo Ts. and parts of Ts. in Holdernefs and other traifb of this riding. Here is a ft. f. which is improved by 2 fellow- fhips, 6 ichclarfhips, and 3 exhibi- tions in St. John's college in Cam- bridge bel. to it, befides a ch. f. a work-houfe,and 7 slms-ho. the largeft built by the executors of Michael Wharton, Efq; who left 1000 /. for it by his will. The ftreets are fpa- cious, and well paved. There is as good company here as at St. Ed- rtiund's-Bury,, the rather becaufe the adjacent country affords much game j and it being the neareft T. of any note to the centre of this riding,thefdrions are always held here ; and here is not only a goal, but an office eiedted for the publick regifter of all deeds, wills, &c . that affedr. any lands, Y. in this riding, purfuant to an at of Pt. in 1708. The principal mfs. of this T. are malt, oatmeal, and tann'd leather ; but the chief fupport of the poor people is the weaving of bone- lace. It has a Mt. for cattle from the beginning of Lent till after Midf. and another everyS.for corn ; and great variety of filh, fowl, and other provi- fions are brought to both in plenty. The Mt. place contains 4 acres, and is adorned with a beautiful crofs, fup- ported by eight free-ftone columns, each of one entire ftone, ere died at the charge of its late members of Pt. B E Sir Charles Hotham, and Sir Miles Wharton. Its Fairs are Eajier W. dfril-.fi, June 14, Off. 25, but its chief is in all Rogation Week, held in a fheet called Londoners -flreet, be- cauie then the Londoners bring down their \Vares hither to fell by whole- fale to the country traders. The trade of this place is very much in- creafed fince 1727, that, by act of Pt. the creek, or cut abovementioned, called Beverly-back, from the T. ta the r. Hull, which runs into the Humber, has been rendered navigable for larjie veflels. ' The D. of Quecnf- bury has title of Marquis from this T. a? well as from Qiaeenfbury, It has fent 2 BurgelTes to Pt. ever fince the 26th of Edw. I. except fome in- tenniiTions in the Rs. of Edw. II and III. There are 4 common paftures near the T. containing 1000 acres, in which every burgefs or free-man may keep 12 head of cattle. In one of them to the E. called Swine-moor, there's a kind of fpaw, which hath cured many fores, ulcers, &c, by wafhing and bathing. Sir Charks Hotham, Bt. abovementicned, has a fine manfien-houfe in the T. ?. d Mr. Moyfcr another, very reran: ka- ble for its gardens, and the curious paintings in and about them. The heirs of Sir Miles Wharton have an- other feat, a m. from the T. at Be- veriey-park. BEVERSTON-CASTLE, (Gloc.} I m. N. W. from Tedbury, was built in theR. of Edw. III. by Tho- mas E. of Berkeley, out of the ran- foms of the prifoners he took at the buttle ofPoicliers,under the black Prince. It had a tower at each of of it? four corners, one of which was lately, if it be not ftill remain- ing, and had a garrifon in the civil wars, fometimes for Ch. I. and fometlmes againft him. This cattle and the manor pailed from the Berke- ley's to the families of Gourney, Ap-Adams, and Fleetwood, from which laft they came to the late Sir Henry Kicks. A Mt, and Fair were B E wnrc granted to this place in the R. of Edward I. but they have been long diluled. BEVINGTON-COCK, (lfar. ) a kimlet of Salford-Priors, with which it has gone ail along to the fame Lds. and is, or lately was, the eftate of Sir Simon Clerke, Bt. or his heirs. BEVINGTON-WOOD, (War.} a hamlet alfo of Salford-Priors, was in the Conq 's time granted to the ca- nons of Kenelworsh, who, in the R. of Henry VII. leafed it to Wil- liam Grey the ekicr, whofe fon pur- chafed it from the Canons. It after- wv.ids palied to Thomas Randolph, in whofePoiterity'tisfuppofedftill to BEWCASTLE, ( Cum'\ } or Bu- ETH-CAST LE, as it is fpelt in fome records, ftunds upon the r. Leven, above Sollom-mofs, and is faid to have been built about the time of the Norman conquefr, by one Bueth. In the R. of Edw. II. it was the pofief- fion of Adam de Swinburn, and paiTed by marriage of his grandaugh- tef to Sir form de Striveling. Q^ Eliz. had a ("mall garrifon in this caf- tle, it being among the mountains on the S:ots b. % BEWDLEY, (Jforc.") near the fcreft of W) re, and on the W. fide of the Severn, o\er which it has a large ftonc-bridge, 92. cm. and 122 mm. from London. It font burgeifes to Pt, fo early as Edw. I. after which there was a long interruption. Edw, IV. granted it great privileges, both by land and fca, and Hen. VII. who built a palace near it at Tickenhall for his fon Prince Arthur, which was deftroyed in the civil wars, grant- ed it additional privileges, which were confirmed by Henry VIII. K. J^mes I. incorporated it by the name ot bailiffs and burgeiTcs, and granted it a recorder, fteward, town-clerk, 12 capital burgefles, and 2 ferjeants at mace ; but a iurrender of his charter was procur'd in the R. of Charles II. and in the next R. it was obliged, by the violence of the B E times, to accept of another. Never- thelefs, on a trial in 1707, the afore- faid furrender w as judged to be void, and a new charter was obtained of Q^Anne, which granted the privile- ges of the old one. In confequence of this 2 members were returned to Pt. and 2. returns made to the ftie- riff, the one made by the bailiff of the old corp. and the other by the bailiffof the new ; and a petition being lodged in behalf of the old corp. it occali- oned a difpute in Pt. and at law, which, after great expence, was de- termined in favour of the new char- ter, fince which only one member has been elefted for this bor. This is a populous place, of confiderable trade ; for, by means of the Severn, great quantities of fait, (it being but 8 m. from Droitvvich) iron ware, glafs, Manchefter goods, &c. are put on board barges here, and at Glocelter on board troughs, for Bril- tol, Bridgevvater, and other ports. Its Ch. is only a chapel of eafe to that of Ribbesford on the other fide of the r. Here was formerly a chan- try. The T. is well fupply'd with corn, malt, leather, and Monmouth caps bought by the Dutch failors. It has a Mt. every 5. for hops, and Fairs April 23, July 26, Nweir.b. 3. (j^BlCISTER, BlSSETER, Or BUKCESTER, (Oxf.) near a rivulet that runs into the Charwel at Iflip, ib 43 cm. and 52 mm. from London. 'Tisa long, ftraggling T. which once had a mon. and is now moft noted for its excellent malt-liquor. Mr. John Coker, the late Ld. of the manor, had a feat in that part of the T. called the King's end ; but in the Mt. end, moft of the lands were the poflefiion of the late Sir William Giinne, Bt. Here is a ch. f. for 30 boys. The Mt. is on F. and Fairs on July 25, and the F. before and after Michaelmas-Day. Befides the ch. here is a meeting-houfe, and the T. including 2 hamlets, contains about 400 families. On the adjacent plain are frequent horfe-races. F 3 B;CK- B I BICKMASSH, (Warm.) a chapel of eafe to the p. of Welfoid in Glo- cefterihire, on the b. of which it ftar.ds. In the R. of K. John one Robert Foliot was Ld. of this manor j after which it came to the William- fcots, who fold it in the R. of Edw. I. to John de Bloxham ; by whom it was pafied in that of Edw. II. to the Beresfords. After this it came to Philip St. Clere. In Q^Eliz's. time the Lady St. John, widow of Sir Ed- ward Griffith, purchafed and fettled it on her fon Sir Rice Griffith, in whofe pofterity it was lately, if it be not ftill. The Morehalls family in this Co. had feme lands here, which afterwards devolved to the Cloptons ; and from them pafied to the Crews and Burgh; for life. Bi CKNALLER,(&3.) nearStoke- Gomer, on the N. fide of the road to the Lands-End, is a manor which was given to the Ch. of Wells by Dr. Button, its Bp. about Anno 1272. EIODENDF.N, (Kent,) 4m. N.E. of Cranbrook, the ancient eftate of a family cf the fame name ; from \vhich it was ;'!ienjtLtl to 'Jic May- neys, who, after having fleuri/hed here a long time, fold it to Sir Ed- ward Henden, Ld. Ch. Br.ron, in whofe family it does, or did lately re- irain. BIDDUI.PH, (Staff.} on the con- fines of Cheshire, divided into the up- per, middle and lower hamlets, bel. formerly to a family of that name, 'cly to the Eoglcys and Man- ttari&gs. BID i. Esr>EN,(J3f/b,) near Brack- ley in Northampton/hire, had for- merly an abbey. From hence the Oufu goes to Buckingham. BIGGIN, (War BILLESDON, (Lcit.) 7201. from London, has a Mt. on P. The heirs of Skeffington are now, or were lately, the patrons of its Ch. The manor formerly bel. to the Brude- nells, anceftors of the E. of Cardigan ; one of whom granted it to Harold Staunton, Elq; on condition of his founding a chantry here. BILLESDUN, (Nortbumb.) is near the head of the r. Coquet, and the rocks of the Cheviot- hills. Li the R. of Q. Eliz. it was the cftate of the family of the Selbys, of whom feveral were fherifts of this Co. in that and the next R. BJL LESLEY, (Wariv.} near 5m. W. of Stratford upon Avon, bel. an- ciently to the Es. of Warwick ; of whom the Truflels afterwards held'it in fee. Frorri them it palled, by fale, to Sir Robert Lee, Knt. who was high-fteriff of the Co. in the R. of K. James I. Here was formerly a chantry. BlLLINGBAIlE,(rr*.)inWind- for-foreft, was., for a long time, the ie.it of the Ncvils, a branch of the f.,miiy of the Es. of Abergavenny 5 and now of the E. of Portfmouth. BILLINGHURST, (Suffix,') near Horftiam, and the fource of the r. Arun. The noted highway, called Sranes-Street-Caufey, pafles by it to Arundc!. BJLLINGTON, a little to the S. of Stafford, near the r. Sow, has the traces of a large fortification ; and a little .below it a pool, called Hungry - 1'it, in the mud of which the people fet up flicks, and fore-judge the price of corn in the Mts. by the rife and fall of the water upon thofe Hicks. The water here, without regard to the weather, overflows fometimes in the greateft drought, and the pit is as often empty after great rains. BILSINGTON, (Kent,) Great and Little, 5 m. E. of Tcnterden. The former bel. m the R. of Hen. III. to Sir John Mantel, lord-keeper, uho built a mon. here, which K. Hen. VIII. granted, after the ref. to Sir Anthony B I B I Anthony St. Leger, one of whofe dcf- cendants fold it to Sir Francis Barn- ham. Litde-Bilfington was anciently the eftate of the Stapk-gates, who bought it of the E. of Arundcl, and claimed, by virtue of this manor, to be the king's butler at his coroiution, which was allowed them, 'till th.it of Rich. II. From them it parted to the Cheneys, one of whom fold it to Sir Francis Barnham abovemcntioned, in the R. ofQ^Eliz. BILSTHOKP, (Nott.) a little to the E. r.f Liru'-hurft-wood, and the r. Mann, bel. formerly to the families of LudJArnb and Fcltarr.b ; but it is now in that of Sir Brian Broughton, Bart. BILSTON, (Staf.) ncarWolver- hampten and the rca;' from London to Shresvfbury. Her* is a deep orange- coloured fand, which is fent for by the artifts far and near, to be ufed as a fpaud to caft metals in ; and it is allb noted for a quarry of remarkable ftone:, ly^ng horizontally one under another, in twelve beds deep, every bed thicker the lower they go ; fo that the lowermoft is about a yard thick, and the inh. make citterns, troughs, fiV. of the ftcne. Su:ne of it is curioufly llreaked with black. Here is a ch. f. Bit TON, (IVanv.) a little to the S. W. of Rugby, was a Lp. anciently in the Craft's family, then in that of Charnel, and afterwards in the Truf- fels ; but in tht R. of Hen. VIII. came to the Veres, Es. of Oxford, one cf whom fold it to John Shug- borough, Efq; as he did to John Boughton of Lawfcrd, Efq;. g^> Bi N B R o K r , (Lin. ) bet.Caftor and Louth, and near the road frcm Market-Raifin to Grirnfby, is 1 1 5 m. from London. Kere is n poor Mt. on W. a Fair, and a ch. f. BINCHESTER, on the r. Were, near the city of Durham, by feveral infcriptions and monuments appears to have been a Roman T. and many Reman coins are often dug up here, which are called Binchefter-Pennys. It was once part of St. Cuthbert's patrimony, and was lately the feat of Mr. Wren. BIN DON, (Dcrfet.) f> m. S.W. of Wareham, was heretofore the feat of the Lds. Marney ; from whnm it palled, by marriage of the female heir, to Thomas Howard, the eldeft fen cf the D. of Norfolk, who, by Q._Eliz. was advanced to the title of Vile. Howard of Bindon, as Henry Howard was by Q._ Anne to the title of E. of Bindon. Here was formerly an abbey, and on a hill or: the S. fide of this place are the remains of a camp. 5> BINGHAM, (Nctt.) 86cm. and 1 08 mm. from London, is a frr.all T. with a Mt. on Tb. bxifc is noted for a parfonage of great value, and generally the next liep to a Bk. It is in the gift of the E. of Chefter- field, the Ld. of the minor, which has parted to his family, from the Pnyn'j.f^vho held it in the R. of Hen. III. through thofc of Ferrers, Bing- ham, Rempfton and Stapieton. Here was once a mon. and their is now a ch. f. BINGLIY, (Tsrk. W. R.) upcn the r. Are, near Skipton in Craven, was formerly in potfetfion of the Can- tiliipes ; and at laft gave title of barcn to Robert Benfon, Efq; fo created by (^ Anne. BINHAM, (Norfolk,} 4 m. from Welles, had formerly a mon. w hich was a cell to St. Albans in Hartford- fhire. K. Hen. VIII. granted it to Sir Thomas Pafton. B i K L E Y , (JVariv . ) near Coven- try, bel. heretofore to its mon. and to the Knts.-Hofpitallers ; but Ed. VI. granted it to ' John Dudley, E. of Warwick ; and on. his attainder, Q^ Mary fare it to Robert Kcilvvay, and his heirs. BIRCH INGTON, (ATi'wr,) in the ifleofThanet, a little to the W. of Margate, was anciently the manor and feat of the Quekes ; from whom it parted, by marriage of a daughter, to Mr. Crifpe of Oxford/hire, one of whofe B I B I whofe defendants, Henry, being {he- Tiff of Kent and knighted, was called the little K. of Thanet. Here is a ch. f. and a chapel bel. to Monck- ton. BIRCHOLT, (Kent,) near A(h- ford, in the p. of Brabourn, bel. an- ciently to a family of that name ; but was afterwards alienated to Richard Halk, or Hawke, in whofe family it did lately, if it does not (till, remain. BIRCHOVER, in the high peak of Darby, is noted for tottering (tones (landing on a rock here j one of which, faid to be 4 yards high, and 12 round, refts upon a point fo equally poifed as to be moved with a finger. {f^ BIRMINGHAM, or BROMI- CHAM, (War.) 88 cm. and 109 mm. from London, is a large well- built and populous T. noted for the moft ingenious artificers in boxes, backles, buttons, and other iron and fteel-wares ; wherein fuch multitudes of people are employed, that they are fent all over Europe ; and here is a continual noife of hammers, anvils, and file?. It gives title of Baron to Ld. Dudley and Ward ; had once a mon. and chantry ; has annual horfe- r Jces j a Mt. on Tb. snd Fairs on s'f- r-.-vfion-day, Corpus-Ctrijii day, and Si fit, 29. From hence the Bromi- chams, Es. of Ixnith in Ireland, are faid to have had their extraction. The Lp. of this T. having been in pofief- fion of their family, for feveral hun- dred years, was conveyed, in the R. of Hen. VIII. to Sir' John Dudley, afterwards Vifc. Lille j who being at- tainted, Q. Mary gave the Lp. to Thomas Marrow, Efq; whofe pofte- rity held it, about the year 1 640. BISBROOK, (Rial.) a little to the E. of Uppingham. In the R. of Edw. II. the manor was in poflerfion of Nevil and Middleton ; after which it was given to the college of Fother- ingay in Northamptonfliire. K. Edw. VI. granted it to Sir Richard Lee, who alienated it to Anthony Andrews, Efq; whofe family held it 'till the middle of the laft century j when it was fold to the E. of Rutland, whofe defcendanr, the D. of Rutland, is the prefent Ld. of it. BISCAW-WOAV, or BOSKEN- NA, (Corn.) at the lands end, which gives name to the family cf Bofcaw- en, has a circle of 19 (tones, fixed about 12 foot from one another, fup- pol'ed to have been a fepulchral monu- ment of the ancient Britons. BIS'HAM, (Berkt,) on the Thames, almoft oppofite to Great-Marlow, an- ciently bel. to the Knights-Templar?, and afterwards to the" Montacutes ; of which family, the firii E. cf Sa- li(bury founded a priory here. After the ref. the manor came to the Ho- bys, defcended from thofe of Lemp- fter ; and Sir Thomas Hoby, Bt. now has it. The feat of the family indeed is in Dorfet/hire ; but when they die, they arc generally brought for inter- ment to this Ch. which, though fmall, is well worth feeing. On the r. not far from hence, are thofe, call'd the temple, or brafs-mills, for making Bifliam-abbey buttery-work, as they call it, -viz. brafs-kttties and pans, &c. of all forts, which were attended with very great fuccels 'till 1720, when it being made a bubble, it un- derwent the fate of all its cotempO- rary bubbles. BISHOPSBOUR N, ( Kent, ) near Canterbury, formerly bel. to Sir Tho- mas Colepeppcr ; by whom it wis conveyed to Sir Anthony Aucher, in whofe family it now is. 3$c BISHOF'S-CASTI.E, (Sa!of,) 117 cm. and 150 mm. from London, is a fmall T. on the r. Chin ; but an old corp. which has its name, becaufe it bel. heretofore to the Bps. of He- reford, in whofe diocefe it lies, "till it was alienated from them by Q^Eliz. and granted toSirChriftopherHattcn, with the priviledge of choofine mem- bers of Pt. to which it made the firft return in the 27th of her R. The corp. confifts of a bailiff', recorder, and 15 aid. Its Mt. on F. is noted for cattle, and all forts of commodities, and much frequented by the VVelfli, B I TO B I, as art its Fairs on F. before Gcod-Fr. June 24, Aug. 29, Nov. 2. BISHOFST ON, (War.') a hamlet oi Stratford upon Avon, bel. anciently to a family ot the fame name, 'till it pa/Ted, by marriage, to Sir William Catcfby, who ibid the manor-houfe to William Aflcew cf Lapworth, who again ibid it to Andrew Archer of Tamworth, as his lucceffbr Sir Simon Archer did to John and Thomas Green, who are, or lately were its c-,vners. It has a chapel of cafe to Kington. Bisr.EY, (Surry,) 3m. N. of "VVoking, the manor of Mr. Zouch, is noted for that called St. John Bnp- tift's well near the Ch. of that name, whofe water io colder than any other in the fummer, and warmer in the winter. f^> BIT FORD, (War.} 5m. W. or Stratford on the Avon, near its conjunction with the r. Arrow. The emprefs Maud gave the ticmefne of the manor to the men. of Bordefiey ; but K. John gave the tenements v.-ith hio daughter toLlewellin,P. of Wale 1 ', who, being thus pofTefled of ihe T. obtained of K. Hen. III. the grant of a Mt. here on Tu. which was after- \vrrds changed to F. as it now con- tinues. Llewellin gave it, in marriage with his daughter, to the E. of Hun- tington ; after whofe death, it parted with his widow to Humphry de Bo- hun, whofe daughter carried it in marriage to Baldwin Wake, who fold it to Robert Burncll, Bp. of Bath and Wells 5 from whom it palled, fuccef- fu'ely, through the families of Sir John Lovell and Sir John Handlow, 'till by a forfeiture it fell to the crown. K. Hen. VIII. granted it to Gerard Danet, one of the cfquires of his body, whole heir, in the R. of Q^EIiz. procured a confirmation of its Mt. on F. and the grant of two yearly Fairs. As for the lands, and the mills upon the Avcn, that were given to the abovementioned mon. K. Hen. VIII. granted them to Tho- mas Badger, Thomas Fowicr, R-jUrt Dyfon, and their heirs. Bi T HAM-CASTLE, (Line.) near Witham, on the b. of Rutlandshire, which is now in ruins, was, in the R. of Will. I. given to Odo, E. of Albemarle and Holdernefs, who, having married that Kg's. fitter, obtained it ro fupport their young fon,Steph. with wheaten- bread, at a time, when the greatest people in thefe parts eat none but Oat- loaves. K. Edw. III. dcmoliihcd this cattle ; after which this place became the Teat, and as it were the head of the barony of the Colviles, who flou- rifncd here a long time, 'till John de Gernon and Ralph dc Eafiet of Sap- cote became heirs of this rich inheri- tance, in right of their mothers, who were the filters of Edmund de Col- vile. BITHBORROW, (Kent,} a little to tha N. of Hythc, was foimerly the inheritance of Sir Francis Fog, whofe descendant alienated it to Mr. Brock- man. BIT TON, (Gbc.) on the Avon, bet. Bath and Briftcl, and thee.'ge cf Kingfwocd- foreft, has a feat in if, called Barrs-court, bel. to Sir John Newton, Ld. of the manor. BIWELL, (Nortlimib.) was a ba- rony and caftle, held of K. Rich. I. by Hugh de Baiiol, for the guard of Newcaftle, near which it lies,as his an- ceftors had held it from the time that they were enfeofted cf the barony by William Rufus. In the R. cf Rich. II. John Nevil, Ld. Raby, was pof- felTed of it. Here was a fair caftle in Mr. Camden's time ; the file of which is now the feat of Sir John Fenv/ick : Below it is a moft beauti- ful Weare in the Tyne for catching falmon ; and in the middle of the r. ftand two ftone pillar.% which for- merly fuppoi ted a bridge. The corn tythes are hdd by leafe under the D. and Ch. of Durham. Here was for- merly a chantry. (f BT, ACKBURK, (Lam.) 8m. E. of Prefton, and I 54 from London, '.n the r. Darwen, from the blackncfs of whofe water here it has the name. It dots, or did lately t; 1. B L B L to the .L'acys, nnd has a Mt. on M. and had formerly a chantry. BLACKHEATH, (K:nt,) on the S. lide of Greenwich, a large plain whereon Watt Tyler, the Kentim re- bel, mufrer'd 100,000 men ; and on which is a hot', built by Sir John Mor- daunt, a Turky merchant, for decayed merchants. 'Tis adorned with the fine feats of Sir Gregory Page, &c. and in the park is a royal obfcrvatory for the king's alrronomer ; to which there is a fteep afcent on all fides, but one ; and it has a deep dty well for observing the ftars in the day time. BL AC KDO:\, (Ssr:.) bet. Atbridgc and Pcnsford, be-1. for feveral fuccef- iicns to the Martins, whofe anceftor came over \\ ith Will, the Conq. from Tours in Fiance ; but by marriage palfed into the family of Ld. Audley ; and being forfeited in the R. of Rich. II. was given to Hi Hand, the V. of Huntington. Some lands and tenements here r.el. formerly to a nunnery at Taunton, but weic given at the Ref. to Sir Thomas Darcy. B i . .A c K -LA N D s , (De-v. ) is a farm in the p. of Wcodbcry, not fir from I'xct.T, \vhich ii he^d by lejfe from the pr.efl vka;.= of rrs cathfcdtal, rc- nr.\\abK: cvciy f.:vev.ih yejr. BL AC KLOw-HiL L, {ir's.!-.} in the p. of Wotton, is the place when.: the Es. of Lancaster and Warwick liam, Vifc. Lovel ; but being for- feited to the crown, K. Hun. VIII. gave it to William, Ld. Compton, the anceftor of the Es. of Northampton, in which family it continued, 'till the R. of James I. when it was fold to Thomas Sutton, the founder of the Charter-houfe, and by him fettled on that foundation. B LAKE MORE -FOREST, (Dorfet, ) on the E. fide of Sherburn, is alfo called White - Hart - foreft, accord- ing to a tradition that a beautiful white hart being killed here by the gentry, after K. Hen. III. who had van him down, had fpared his life, he laid a fine upon their Jands, which is paid into the exchequer to this day, by the name of white hart filver. Bi. AKENHAM, Great and Little, (%r.) a little to the S. E. of Need- ban;, near the r. OrwcJl. They were given by Will, the Conq. to Walter Gilford, one of his captains and kinf- in:>n ; an-i he gave it to the monks of Bee in Normandy, who afterwards made it a all to tiieir abbey. 33 s BLANDFORTJ, (Dcrfct.} 85 cm. HI id 107 mm. from London, an ar;i.i''nt and now iarre flouri/hing bor, svith a bririgc over the Stour, in the couch roa.l to Exeter. It gives name to one of the five divifions of the Co. 'Tis [,ovi-incd by 2 bailiffs, chole y.-arly out of the aid. or capital bur- of Kiiw. II. to be beheaded without anv trial. }Ji.ACK-T,\ii., (F./Jl-\;} below Canvcy-ifiand or Lfigh roud, is r. p eat ftoai of faad, thnt rjnsonr jjeapies into the fej, and has .1 m.:-. end of it, let xip V\ -1 ! h ; , London, to h: v a .: ..: . ..k. ' i .s called Skoe-Beatoo, from Shocbtny Nds where it be.:,n-,. BLACKTKOSN, (Oxf.} en the E. b. cf the Co. where the true Ake- m'sn-ftreet, or lioinan road, leading towards Bath, enters this fhire. Bx. A c; R A v r., (Wilts,} not far from the upper and nether haven, was in the R. of Hen. VI. the Lp. of WU- by accident ; firft, in the R. of Q^_ ]iliz. but was foon rebuilt, and the lall t:n\e on "June 4, 1731, when the lire \va:; fo quick, that few of the peo- ple laved any of their goods ; and the fmall-pox being rife here, at the f inie time, many of the fick were carried from the flames into the fields, v, her-, they died. The T. is, how- ever, fince rebuilt more beautifully. Its chief mf.formerly was band-ftrings, and afterwards (h jw-hats and bone- Lice, but now malt and cloth. 'Tis frequented by many gentlemen, whofe feats are on the neighbouring downs, and gives title of Marq. to the D. of Msrlbcrcugh. Its Mt. is 5. Fairs 4 Feb. B L B L Tel. 24 and Junezet. It fent mem- built the houfe, and to Sir Thomas hers to Pt. in the Rs. of Edw.I. and Clutterbuck, it was at length pafs'd Ldw. III. but not llnce. The quar- to colonel Plomer, whofe defcendant ter fcfiiuns for the Co. is held here Richard Plomer, Efq; one of the once a year. commifiioners of the board of trade, BLANDFORD ST. MARY'S, juft is the prefent owner cf it. by Blanc ford T. is the manor and ieat BLEASBEY, (Nott.) a hamlet of of Mr. Pitt, a defcendant of gover- Southwell, which, in the R. of Edw. rioi- Pitt, who was called diamond II. was the Lp. of Robert deBurftal], Pitt, and born here. who pafled it to John deCrumbwell ; BJ.ANKNEY, (Liec.) on the E. from whofe family it pafled to Sir fide of the road from Sleaford to Lin- William Haftings, and from his to coin, was anciently the barony of the William Willoughby of Wollaton j Dcincourts, who flourifhcd, in a con- but is now the D. of Kingston's. It tinuu! fucceriion, from the arrival of is, or was lately the feat of Mr. the Normans to the R. of Hen. VI. Grundy. one of whom obtained a charter for a % BLECHIKOLE Y, (Surty,}^ m. Mt. aiid Fair here, which are long from Ryegate, and 20 from London, fince discontinued. Since their time is a fmall ancient parliamentary bor. it was the feat of Ld. Widdring- by prefcription, having enjoyed that ton. privilege ever fmce I'ts. had a being j BI.ASON, (LV.) near Hallaton, yet has no Mt. but has Fairs on June anciently bel. to the priory of Erad- 1 1, and Nov. 2. It had a carrle, ley, and in the R. of Rich. II. to Sir which with the manor is, or was lately Richard le Scroop : It was afterwards in the family of Sir William Clayton ; in the hands of Sir John Harrington to which it came, by purchafe, from c;f Rutlandshire, who, in the R. of the E. of Peterborough. The bailiff, Q.ELz. exchanged it for znother ma- who returns its members, is chofen nor. One part of this T. is in Hal- yearly at the Ld. of the manor's laton p. and the ether in that of coorr. The T. ftands en a hill, on Medburn, the fide of Hohnfdale, with a fine BLAXHALL, (Sufi.) in the road profpedt as far as the S. Downs and fromOrford toFramlingham, was the SufTex : And from fome ruins of its Lp. of Rich, de Wayland in the R. of cart le,wh!ch are (till vifible, tho' over- Eew. I. of Earth de Bere,herfley in grown with A coppice, there is a prof- that of Edw. III. from whom it.paf- peel E. intoKcnt,and W. intoHamp- fed to Ed\vard de Spenfer : ar:d in /hire. Here is an aim. ?nd a fr. f. that cf Hen. IV. it was in the family Its handfome Ch. had a fpire, which of the Glemhams. in 1606 was confumed by lightning, BI.EACHI.EY, (Bucks,} a little to and all the bells melted, the W. of Fenny-Stratford, on the BLECHINGTON, (Oxf.) 6m. Watling-fireet, or road from Dunfta- from Oxford, is the feat of the E. of ble to Stony-Stratfcd, lias A ch. f. Ang'cfcy, in whofe grounds there is bcfides a hoi. and a chapel, buiit and dug a fort of grey marble-ftone, of endowed by Sir George Crook, about which his Lp. has fcveral chimney- 2 m. from the mother Ch. 'Tis pieces- and pavements : and of late, now, or was lately the f:at of Brown tables, tomb^ftoncs, and mill-ftones Willis, Eic; have been made of it for the oil-mills } BI.EAKESWARE, (Hfn't.} near but it is not fit for corn-mills, becaufe \Vi.i<>. i r . f:::r l?:\t formerly bel. to in rniny weather it is apt to fwcat, theH ;, rsj and, after aivers folesi, like other marbles. There is a good ti i!.- }!.!: age I'l/theifione, to Sir dcalof this ftoneufedat the E. of Cia- Thomas Le^ .ichorpi-, Bart, vhc re- rendon's at Coventrj', and the pillars of B L B L ot the porticos of St. John's-college at Oxford arc built of it. Br. E N c o w, Mag. & Par. (Carr.b.) in the p. of Dacor, below Gray- ftock, and on the fame r. is the ma- nor of an ancient family of that name, where is a very good grammar fc. founded and endowed in the R. of Q._ Eliz. by Mr. Thomas Bourbanke, a native of the place. BL E N K E N s H i r, (Nor thumb.) near the Picts wall, juft at its entrance into this Co. out of Cumberland, anciently bel. to Nicholas de Boltcby, and was afterwards the manor and feat of the Blenkenfops. A Roman altar v, as found here not many years fincc. BLETHERWICK, ( Nortbawp, ) near King's-Cliff, was the manor and feat of the Engains, from Hen. II. to Edw. 111. and in the R. of Q^Eliz. was the feat of the Staftbrds. BLETSOE, (edf.) on the Oufe, bet. Bedford and Odehill, gives title of Baron to the St. Johns, of whofe family it is the feat 5 and has a fair on the igth of May. BUCKLING, (Norf. ) near Ale- fham, anciently the refidcnce of the famous family of the Bolens ; from whence it came to the Cleres, one of which family fold it to Sir Henry Hobart, Ld. Ch. Juftice of the Com- mon-Pleas (in the R. of K. James I.) whofe ddcendant the prefent E. of Buckinghamshire now enjoys it. BLIMHILL, (Staff.] to the W. of Penkridge, on the b. of Shropshire, near which is Elder-Well, whofe water is faid to cure fore eyes. %$. BLITH, (Nott.) near Baw- tree, in the road from Redford, is a great p. with a large Ch. a Mt. on 1 b. and Fair on Afcenfion-day ( which is noted for fheep) and on the gth of Off. Some of the Qreffy's family built a hof. here, which is now called Blith- Spittle, and is in the gift of the Ld, of Hodfack, one of the ham- lets of this Town. The Mcllifhes have a pretty feat here. It had for- merly both a caftle and a priory, of which there are new few remains,. r. Blith, 97 m. from London, bet, Dunwich andHalefworth, in the road to Yarmouth. It is reckoned ancient^ from feveral Roman urns dug up not many years ago among old buildings, and the feflions is fuppofed to have been held here in the Saxons time, becaufe of its having the gaol for the divifion of Beccles. Here, is a fine old Ch. It had formerly a priory ; and alfo a Mt. and Fair granted by K. Edw. II. to John, Ld. Clavering, whofe family were the ancient Lds. of the manor 5 which in the R. of Edw. III. came to Ralph Nevil by marriage. Here.are ftill fome good inns, though the Mt. is difufed. BLITHFIET i), (Staff.) near Pa- gets-Bromlcy, ha:s its name from th^ r. which paffeth by it. It was, for a ' good while, the eftatc of the family of BHthfield, 'till it paired, by mar- riage, to the Bagots of Bromley, from whom is defcended its prefent owner Sir Walter Wagftaff-Bagot > who ha? a park here. BLITH-HALI., (Wariu.) wasorv finally a member of Shuftock ne*r the r. Bourn, and bel. to the Wa- vers, which family in the R.. of KJi John afiumcd the name of Blith. It afterwards paffcd through otjier fami- lies, 'till it was conveyed to Sir Wil- liam Dugdale, who here wrote njs hiftory of this fliire. BLOCKJ.F.Y, (Gloc.) bel, to the fee, and alfo to the Co. of Worcefter,. on the b.'ofwhkh it lies'. Before the Ref. the Bp. of -Worcefter had. a palace here, which is fmcedeftroycd. Before. the reiteration, this manor . was fold, by ordnance of Pt. to Wil- : liam Combe j but was afterwards re- ftored to the crowBi Here is a good ch. f. BLODWORTH, (Nott.) with : a wood on the S; fide of Sherwood- foreft, was, before the conqueft, the . fee of the A.B. of York, who was allowed to hunt, 9 days in a year through the whole wood, and has ftill divers privileges here.,, the Lp. being Q entirely B L TO B O entirely h:5. The wood is quite without the bounds of the foreft. Br.ORt-HEATH, (Sf.i/F.) on the b. c,f S.-lop, iVmnus tor a bloody bat- tle bet. the hcules cf Yoik and Lan- caller, V.DV, for a long while, the ma- nrr of the Ballets, who hid a good fcit here with a p:,rk. BLOXHAM, (Oxf.) near Banbury, Kl. in the R. of Hen. III. to the St. Amaads and in that of Rich. II. to the Beauclwmps. Here is kept one of the fhitutes for hiring fervants. Here is a fine Ch. with an odd, but agreeable lleeple, and a ch. f. ' EOCKHAM, Magna & Parva, (Swry,) are two villages near Lea- therhead, and about 5 m. from Guil- ford. The former is now the manor and feat of the E. of Emngham, but formerly of the families of Slifield, Shiers, and Shortrudge. BOCKINO, one of the largcft vil- lages in Eflex, is only parted by a irrull iheam from Braintree. ItsCh. i? a deanery worth 6 or 700 /. a year ; and here are fine fpacious houles of clothiers, enriched by the mf. and trade of bays ; -ef which this village has a peculiar fort, called Dockings, wherewith they drive a conliderable trade to 1'ovtugal. It had heretofore a mon. and chantry. That, called Bocking-hall, is the feat of Sir Wil- liim Barker, Bart. BOCTON-MALHER B, (Kent,} fo called from its ancient owners, the family of Malhtrb, is a little to the S. W. of Lenham. It palled from the Malherbs to the Gattons ; from whom it went, by a daughter, to Willurn de Dene, who fold it to Ro- bert 'orbv. By his yanJ- daughter it cv.me to Sir Nicholas Wotton ; and was the feat of Sir Edward, whom K. James I. created Baron Wotton, and of Thomas, who was Ld. Wot- ton in the R. ofCha. I. and fince that, of the E. of Chefterfield. BODSNHAM, (lL-t\f.) near the r. Lug, to the N. cf Amberley, had a Mt. and Fair procured in 1379, by the intereft of Walter Devereux, an- oeftor to the prefent Vifc. Hereford j but the former is fince diluted. Bone SHAM, (Suffix,) 5 m. N. of Battle-abbey, near the r. Rother and the London road to Rye, had a cattle formerly that was built by the Da- lyngrugs, and afterwards bcl. to the Lcwknores. %. BODMIN, (Corw.) 195 cm. and 263 mm. from London, ftands bet. two hills, almoft in the centreof the Co. about izm. from each of the two channels. It had formerly an abbey, a hof. for lazars, a ch;.ntry, and was a Bp's. fee, but transferred through St. Germans and Creditcn to Exeter , and the remains of a palace, priory and friary are ftill to be feen here. Its Ch. whofe fpire was de- ftroyed by a thunder-ftorm in 1 699, is the larger! in Cornwal. Here is a good corn and flefh Mt. on 5. and Fairs on St. Paufs-day, Wed. before Wtitfuntide, and on the 6th of Dec . It is near a m. long, with about 300 houfes ; and in the R. of Hen.VlII. was reckoned the largeft T. in the Co. The corp. confifts of a mayor, iz aid. 24C.C. and a town-clerk. It was once the only ftapleof the Co. for the yarn mf. which is fince much de- cayed. Here is kept the fheriff's pri- fcn for debtors. There is a well near this place, whofe water is remarka- ble for being much heavier than other water, and for preferving its fcent and tafte the beft part of a year j but though it is called Scarlet- Well, re- prefcnts many colours like the rain- bow. The E. of Radnor, to whom it gives title of Vifc. is Ld. of the manor. It began to fend members to Pt. in the 23d of Edw. I. It was formerly one of the Ts. for the ftarr.p- ing of tin, but loft that privilege to Leftwithiel. , Not far from this place are thofe monumental ftone?, called the Hurlers, which Dr. Stukely makes no doubt are the remains of an ancient Druid-Temple. They rtand on a down in three circles, and had the name from the peafants luperlti- tious notion that they were once men, but B O B O but transformed into ftones for divert- ing themfelves on a Sunday at Hurl- ing ; a recreation tor which the Cor- nifh men are particularly eminent, as well as for Wreftling. There is a fr. f. in the T. maintained partly by the D. of Cornvval, and partly by the corp. The late Ld. Mohun had 'the largeft manor in it. The toll and lands bel. to. the corp. are computed at above 200 /. a year. BOLE-HALL, (Wariv.) a hamlet in the p. of Tamworth. It was for- merly the eftate of the Clintons, 'till in the R. of Hen. VIII. it was con- veyed to William Levifon, merchant of the ftaple j from whom it patted, by the m.irriage of his daughter, to Wjlrer Afton, Efq; whofe fon, Sir Walter Afton, Kt. of the Bath, fold it to William Anfon, of Lincoln's- Ina, Efq; of whom William Cum- berland, of Tamworth, Efq; pur- chafed it, and left it to his fon William, who was poflefled of it in 1640. f^ BoLSOVER,(.Dlick fcandal, and there- upon their rood and image were ta- ken from them and broke to pieces at St. PauTs-crofs in 1538, after their cheats and juggles had been there fully expofod. The abby is now the feat of Thomas Beft, Efq; BOXLEYS, (Stiny,) near Chert- fey, is a manor bel. to the crown, but fanned out by Q._ Eliz. to Roger Cholmley, Efq; and the Dutchefs of Someriet for her life ; after whonv by the Qj. letters patent, her part was granted to Mr. Matthew Alley, and afterwards, in 1609, it was parT- ed away in fee-fimple, by indenture of bargain and fale to William Cara- way, Efq; of London. BOXWELI, (G/oc.) 3 m. E. from Wotton-under-Edge, in the great road from Glocefter to Bath, is a p. 7 m. in compafs, which takes its name from a box-wood, and a well,or fpring in it, which runs into the A- von. The manor was held by St. Peter's-abby in Glocefterihire from the R. of William I. to Henry VIII. Sir Walter Raleigh had part of it af- ter the ref. but it has been for thefe laft hundred years almoft in the fami- ly of the Huntleys, originally of Monmouthfhire. BRA BORN, (Kent,) 5 m. E. of Afliford, was formerly the eftate of John Comin, E. of Bndenoch, from whom it patted, by his daughter, to David Strabolgy, E. of Athol ; and from his grandfon it patted in like manner to Sir Therms Piercy, and from him to Sir Hugh Halfham and John B R B R John Lewknor, Efq; who fold it to the Scots. BRA BROOKE, (Nort&amf.) near the head of the r. Welland, betw. Kettering and Harborough, had for- merly a caftle (of which there are $ill fome remains) built by a gentle- man of the fame name, father to Henry, \vho\vas a juftice itinerant in the R. of Henry III. and from vvhcfe family the eftate came by marriage to the Latimers and Griffins. jjc BRACKLEY, (Nortbamp.) 13 jn. from Northampton, 57 from London, is a place tall cf brake or fern, fays Camden, near the head of the Oufe, with the fprings of which it is cleafantly watered, and is fup- pofed' to be 'the third bor. erefttd Mi England. 'Twas once a famous ftaple for wool. 'Tis governed by a mayor, 6 aid. and z6 burge:ies. The mayor is chofen annually by the bur- gefies at the court -lect of the Ld. of the manor, of whom the lull was tb late D. of Bridgewater. Here are 2 p. chs. and a fr. grammar fc. Here is a Mt. on W. and Fairs the ad W. in ./?/>. and another on Na-v . 30, for fat hogs, boots and flioes. The Zouches were heretofore Lds. of this place for /imdry fucceffions, till it pafied by marriage to Richard Ld. Holland, from whcm it pafied to the Lovels, of whom the kft Ld. being attainted, K. Hen. VII. gave it to Thomas Stanley E. of Darby. An hofp. was founded here in the R. of Henry I. by Robert E. of Leicefter. The Zouches built a college here, which, though ruinous, is kept up by Mag- daien college, Oxf. for a place to re- tire to in times of trouble and infec- tion, and ferves as a ch. f. This pbce feems to have been famous heietofore for tilts and tournaments. BRADESHAM, (Bucks,) on the W. f)de of Miflenden, in a healthy . air, and a commodious fituation. It was anciently the Lp, of a family cf the fame name, but afterwards came to the Windfors, of whcm William Ld. Windfcr, created by K. Henry VIII. built a fine kcufe here. BRADENSTOKE, {Wilts,') on the S. fide of Braden-fcreft, bet. Chrif- tian-Mclford and Lyneham, had for- merly a priory, and was a feat of the Ds. of Someriet. BRADKIELD, (Barks,) a little to the N. W. of Theal, bel. formerly to the Straffbrds, and was net many years ajo purchafed by Sir Samuel Thomplbn, a merchant of L^ndi-n, whofe grandfcn did lately, if he does iot ftill, enjoy it. tf^ BRA 7) FIELD Magna, (Efl'ex) near Thaxted, 38 m. from London, has a Mt. on Tb. BR ADF izLD-MoNKS, or ST. GEORGE, (Sujf.) as it is fo called to dirtinguhh it from three other neighbouring villages, ftands on fuch a hill, that though the ileeple cf the ch. be but zz yards high, 60 chs. may be feen from it, for it ia: a view into Cambridgefhire, Norfolk, Eflbr, and the ifleof Ely. BRADFORD, (Salop,} tho' now an inconfiderable village, gave name to 2 Hs. -viz,. N. and S. Bradford, in the former of which it ftands, and gives title of Vifcount and Earl to the family of Newport. BRAEFOD,(D^/V/'.) lies bet. For- dineton and Southover, on the r. Frome, bel, formerly to the mon. of Shaftlbury, but at the ref. was given by Henry VIII. to Edw. Bellingham, Efq; and his heirf fc: ever. 'Twas fately the manor of Mr. H?.rvey. !? BRADFORD, (Wi.'ts,) near Trowbridge, 83 cm. and 98 mm. from London, fo called from its broad ford, where now is a bridge over that called the Ix>wer-Avcn, which is here increafed by the Were from Trewbridge. It had a rr.cn. in the Saxon times, which was deflroyed by the Danes. It was formerly the Lp. of the Hungerfords, and afterwards, oix. in the R. of Rich. III. that of John D. of Norfolk. Here is a great mf. of fine Spaniit cloth, and 'tis erataect for the niceft mixtures, as the B R B R the water of the r. on which it {lands is remarkably qualified for dying the belt colours. Here is a Mt. en M. and Fairs on Trinity M. and Nov. 29, and 2 ch. fcs. (>BAi>roTB,(ttr*. W. R.) 7 m. N. E. of Hallifax,, and W. from Leeds, 145 cm. and 183 mm. from London, is another cloathing T. which in the civil wars was garrifon- ed for the Pt. but taken by the forces of K. Charles I. It has a Mt. on M. and Fairs on Whit. M. and Nov. 30. A lecture was founded here and en- dowed with 40 /. a year, by Mr. Pe- ter Sunderland, defcended of an anci- ent family in High-Sunderland, near Hallifax. BR A D G A T E, (Let'c.) near Mount- forrel, and 4 m. from Lekefter, was anciently the manor of the Es. of Leicefter, and by partition came to the noble family of Ferrers, from whom, by defcent, it parted to the Greys, of whom was the D. of Suf- folk, father to the Lady Jane, and is the feat of Thomas Grey, E. of Stamford, and Baron Grey of Groby. BRADLEY, (Gloc.) near Wotton- Under-Edge, was anciently the pof- feflion of Hugh de Bradley, but lately bel. to Mr. Daws. Several lands here were given by Thomas Ld. Berkeley, to the abby of Brifto), but, fince the ref. they are fettled on the dean and chapter. BRADMERS, (Nott.) near Bunny, bel. in the R. of Edward II. to Ri- chard Grey Ld. of Codnover, whofe pofterity fold it to the Willoughbys, and they to Sir Richard Perkins, in whofe family, we hear, it Hill conti- nues. BRADMORE, (War.') on the S. fide of Honington, on a r. that runs into the Avon, bel. to the priory of 'Coventry, till the ref. \\hen it was given to Robert Gibbs, and in 1640, was the eftate of Sir Heary Gibbs. ' BRADNINCH ( Devon. ) 6 m. from Exeter, 10 from Columbftock, 70 from Brifto], and 135 cm. and 177 mm. from London. It ftan/fsojj the r. Collumb, in the road from Exeter to Wellington. 'Twas for- merly called Eradneyfham, and Braines. 'Tis a barony, which is a parcel of the duchy of Cornwal, whofe Ds. were always ftiled Barons of Braines, and its mayor accounts every year for its privileges, with the efficers of the K. or D. of Cornwal. It anciently fent a members to Pt. had a chantry, and before its ruin by fire, a Mt. on 5. but it has z Fairs, vix. Apr. 25, and Sept. 21. BRADNOP, (Staff.} on theE. fide of Leek, formerly bel. to Hilton abby, and was given by K. Henry VIII. to Sir Edward Alton. BRADWALL, (Staff.) on the N. fide of Newcaitle-Under-Line, was, in the laft century, the feat of Ralph Snead, whofe anceftors had, for fome years, held it in fee-farm of the Lxis. Audley, till his great grand-father, William Snead, a citizen of Chefter, purchafed it. BRADWELL, (Bucks') 2 m. from Stony-Stratford, is an entire p. of bet. 4 and 500 /, a year, in which was formerly a priory ; late the eftate of Sir Jofeph Alfton, Bt. BRAD WELL, Juxta Mare, (Rf- fex,) near Tillingham, is a p. con- fifting of feveral hundred acres of mar/h-land, bordering on the fea. The manor was formerly in the fa. mily of Ld. Bardolph, till forfeited by rebellion, when it came to the crown, and was given to the E. of Pembroke. BRADWORTHY, (Devon.) 5 m. N. E. of Stratton, part of which manor bel. to the Es. of Derby. Has a Fair on Midjun:mer-day. ^^ BRAiNTRY,(.E/7c,) 34 cm. 4z mm. from London, is called Rains in domes-day-book, it having been in the conqueror's time, the fee of Roger de Raines, a Norman Ld. and is noted for a great mf. of bays and fays. It has a Mt. on W. and Fairs Apr. 27, Sept. 21. The former was obtained by Mr. Herman ou B R B R Olmius, who purchafed the manor of Richard Ld. Rich, to whom it was granted by K. Edward VI. It fVr- merly bel. to the Bps. of London, who "had a palace here, till it was ali- enated to the crown by Bp. Ridley, and has been, Jong fince, demolished. This T. as well as Bocking, which joins to it, abounds with difienrcrs. Among many confidcraMe benefactors to its poor,' we find Henry Smith, Efq$ who is laid to have been once a beggar, and from a dog that conftant- ly followed him, had the name of Dc-g-Smith j but if he was a beggar, he was a very rich one, and exceeding bountiful to the poor ; for, befides what he did in Surry, he left aSoo /. to be laid out in land, for the relief of the poor of this nrtd feme other neigh- bouring ps. Here is a ch. f. and Mr. Jchn Comins had, not long ago, a feat here. * BRAMBER, (Suffix,) 45 m. from London, was, after the conqueft, the Lp. of the Braefes, who built a caftle here, in which they refided till one of them having offended K. John, .had his eftate feized, though part of it was reftored to the family by the fame K. and the whole by Hen- ry III. It afterwards bel. to the Mowbrays, but on the attainder cf John de Mowbtay, D. of Norfolk, this caftle and manor was given by K. Henry VII. to Tho. Ld. De la War, and his heirs. 'Tis an ancient bor. by prefcription, under a conftable, who is chofe yearly by the jury at the Ld, cf the manor's couit-leet. Here is one ch. but no Mt. or Fair. *Tis watered by a fmall r. which was once navigable by /hips of bur- den. One half of jiieT. which is a very poor one, joins to Steyning, and is about half a m. from the other moiety, cslled Bramber-ftreet, on the N. W. fide of which are the remains of the old cattle, and of a bridge ; and the T. w as alfo joined with Stey- ning in the fame writ, for ele&iKg burgeffes to Ft. from the 2 6th of Edward I. to the mh of Edvsaid IV. but ever fmce they have elefted as two different bors. yet their cuf- toms arc the very fame. Moil of the houfes in the bor. bel. lately to the Ld. Windfor, but [they are forry ftruftures. BRAMCOT, (Nott,) near the r. Erwafh, and b. of Derbyshire, bel. formerly to the nunnery ofSempring- ham, but after the ref. it was granted by Q^ Elizabeth to William Mafcn and Charles Jackfon, and the heirs of the former. There were feme lands indeed bel. to the priory of Lenton, which were purchafed by Richard Handley, yeoman, whole pofterity enjoyed it till lately ifl'ue failing in Henry Handley, Robert Harding, his kinfman, and a barrifter at lav/, got pofieflion. BRAMCOT, near Bulkington, (Warmde/bin,) bel. formerly to the Greendon family, a daughter ef which carried it by marriage to Jchn Cbar- nels of Snarkftcn, in the R. of Henry VI. from whom defended William Charnels, who, in the R. of Edwsrd IV. fold it to Thomas Burdet, Efq; the anceftcr of the prefent Sir Robert Burdet, Bart. BRAMCOT, near Polefwortb, (War.) formerly bel. to the Water- vilcs, one of whom gave part of it to the abby of Leicefier. Part of it bel. to the Ld. Zouch. That which Icl. to the abby, and amounted to a third of a knight's fee, was held of the E. of Lancafter till the ref. \vhea Hen. VIII. granted it to Edward Watfon, Efq; and his heirs, but it was afterwards purchafed by the Fu- refeys. BRAMHAM-MOOR, (n^.W.R.) is a large fenny ground, near Tadcaf- ter, noted for the Roman military way called Watling-ftreet, and for frequent hcrfe-race=, Q;_ Anne having given a gold plate to be run for upon it for the encouragement of the breed of horfes in this /hire. Here is a {lately houfe, which was built by the late Ld. Bingley. Bs A M B R B R BRAMLEY, (Surrj,) near Godal- ming, once the: Ixndihip ef Ld. Berkeley, is a chapel of jale to Shal- ford. 'i'he Ld. Onflow ufed to keep a court here for a manor of his in the next p. of Wonerih. BRAMLEY, (York. W. R. ) a townihip bel. to Leeds, \vho'ie lands that bel. to Kirkttall-abbey, were, at the ref. given to Abp. Cranmer, but lately they were the property of Tho- mas Kirk, Efq; This T , is noted for excellent flate. ^ BRAMPTON, (Cumb.) 225 cm. znd 287 mm. from London, lies on the r. Irthing, near its conjufti- cn with the Gelt, i m. below the Pitts wall, to the N. E. of Carliile, vvhofe E. is Ld. of the manor, and has a yearly court kept here for the harcny of Gillefiand. Here is a hof. for 6 poor men, and as many poor women, founded by the countefs doxvager of Carlisle, grandmother to the prelent E. Here is a Mt. on Tu. Fairs June 11, Aug. 10 and 15. There is a high hill here, called the Mote, which, at the top, is ditched round. The T. is now all cuftomary tcnar.ts, or demefne, becaufe the Da- crcs bought out all the free-holders, except a few of the meaner fort. BRAMPTON, (Nortbumb.} to the N. W. of Ahiewick, bel. in the R. of Hen. III. to the E. of Dunbar, who had the office, as domes-day- book calls it, oflnborrow and Out - burrow, bet. England and Scotland, v.-hich was to examine all travellers from the one to the other. Here was one of the prettieft houfes in this part of the Co. the feat of George Collingwood, Efq; BRANCASTER, (Norf.} on the E. fhore to the E. of the promontory of St. Edmund's-chapol, was ancient- ly a confiderable city, where was a Roman garrifon, and where ancient coins have been frequently dug up. BRANDON, ( Suffolk , ) between Newmarket and Swaffham, 64 cm. 78 mm. from London, has a bridge over the little Oufe, and a good har- bour, with a ferry, about I m. from the bridge, for conveying goods to and from the iflc of Ely. It had a Mt. on 7b. v.-hich is diicontinued, but it has Fairs on Feb. 14, June II, and AW. n. In the K. of Charles I and II. it gave title of Ba- ron to the family of Gerrard, as it has fincee 1711, that of an Engliih D. to D. Hamilton of Scotland. BRANDON, (War.} in the p. of Woifton, and near the road from Rugby to Coventry, had a caftle for- merly bel. to the Verdurrs, which was demolilhed by the Barons under the E. of Leicelter, and rebuilt in the R. of Edward I. but nothing of it now remains befides the moats. The Lp. pa/Ted from the Verduns to the families of Buraherfh, Pavely, Delves, AruHdel, Sir" Geerge Wjl- loughby, and Yelverton, being pur- chaied by Sir Henry Yelverton, Kt. attorney- general to K. James I. in whofe heirs we find it anno 1640. BR ANKSEY-ISLAND, (Dcrfet.) en the S. fide of the bay of Pool, where, in Mr. Camden's time was a block-houfc, fince decayed. This ifland was, not long age, the proper- ty of Mr. Auditor Benfon, of whom it was purchased by a wharfinger be- low London-bridge. BRANSCOMB, (Deiton.) near the Britiih-channel, 3 or 4 m. S. of Cul- liton, bel. before the conquefr, to the ch. of Exeter, afterwards to the ab- by of Canon's-Leigh, and in the R.of Edward III. was the feat of Richard Branfcomb, who was 4 times ihcrifi" and Kt. of the fljirc. At the ref. it was fold to Sir Bernard Drake, Kt. and came afterwards to Sir John Wadham, a Judge, from whom it defccnd^d, by an heirefs, to the Strangeways, and then to the Wynd- hams and Martins. BR ANSPETH.CASTLE, (Durb.) on the W. fide of the Were, among the hills, a little to the S. W. of Durliam, was built by the Bulmers, who refidcd here for feme generations, till it paflld, by marriage, to the Ne- 3 * B R B R Vils, then to the Coles, and it is, or was lately, the feat of Sir H. BclSa- fyfe. Here was formerly a chantry. In the r. a little below this place, are many huge ftones, which are never covered but when it overflows, and what water is poured on them foon becomes brackifli. BR AN s T o N, (Staf.)on the Trent, S. W. of Burton, to whofe abbey it bel. from the conqueft to the ref. is famous for grind-ftones, and was the feat of Ld. Paget, anceftor to the E. ci Uxbridge. BR A r T ON-C A s T i. E, (Wilts.} on the E. fide of Weftbury, ftews the remains of a ftrojig fortification, where the Danes, after being defeated in a battle i-.ift by, held out againft the EngliflT 14 days, being feated en a high hill, which commands all the country round, and is encom- pafFed with two ditches, within which feveral pieces of old iron arms have been dug out or raifed up by the plough. BRAUGHING, (Hart.} on the E. fide of the Roman road, called Er- mine-tercet, which now leads to Cambridge, js 2. m. N. of Pucker- idge/and 3 1 from London. Hereto- fore it was, next to Verulam, the moft conliderabie place in the Co. and is thought to be the Roman Car- faromagum. It has ftill feme remains of its ancient eminence ; for here are the ruins of a Roman camp, and it gives name to the deanery and H. Kear the Ch. yard is an old houfe, which ufed to be given with all forts of furniture for poor people's wed- dings. They brought their proviii- ons hither, and had a large kitchen, with a cauldron, large fpits, and a dripping-pan; a large room for mer- riment, and a lodging-room, with a bride-bed and good linnen, fome of which furniture was, a few years ago, in being. .BRACNSTON, ( Rutland. } near Okeham-Soke, a chapdry to Hamel- don, in the next H. was anciently a fare of th foreft of L) field, ) It for- merly bel. to the Neyvils, and then to the Chefeldines. BRAY, (Berks,} I m. from Mai- denhead, and 3 m. from Windfor, famous in fong for its changeable vicar, who having been twice a pa- pift and twice a proteftant in the R. of Henry VIII. and Edward VI. and the Qs. Mary and Elizabeth, and therefore taxed of being a turn-coat, faid, he always kept to his principle, which was to live and die vicar of Bray. BRAYLES, (War.} nearShipfhm en Stower. In the R. of Hen. III. the then Ld. of the manor, the E. of Warwick procured it a Mt. and Fair, fmce difufed. In the R. of Edward I. it bel. to William de Beauchamp, E. of Warwick. It came afterwards to the crown, and Henry VIII. pafied away the inheritance of it to Thomas Wimbufli, and his heirs, who fold it to William Sheldon of Worcefterfliire, whofe great-grandfon William had it in 1640. BREACH, (Car mo.) 3 m. N. W. of Helfton, is called in the records St. Briack, and ftands near the channel, in a good vein for tin-works. BREED, (Suffix,) a little N. W. of Winchel'.ea, is a manor, whole court is a branch of that of Battle. The lands here defcend, according to the cuftom of Gavelkind ufed in its Co. A kind of court is kept here every three weeks, for trial of afti- ons bet. man and man, whofe offi. cers are exempted from attendance at the afiizes and quarter-fefiions. B*~E M B L E H A M,alias Co WITCH, (Wilts,) not far from Malmfbury, on the b. of Glocefterfhire, formerly bel. to Ld. Hungerford, and afterwards to Ld. HarHngs. |^ BRENT, (Devon.) 6 m. from Aihburton, is 1 68 cm. and 198 mm. from London, and has a Mt. on 5.. H> BRENTFORD, (Midd.) 10 . mm. from London, fo called from the Brent-brook, which rifes about Finchley-common, and pafles thro* the W, part of the T. called Old- Brentfor^ B R B R Brentford into the Thames, has a Ch. which ftands together \vith the Mt. houfe, in that parr called New- Brentford, as Mr. Norden thinks, from the purchafe of the Mt. (in the R. of EJw. VI.) which is held on i'. as its Fair is on the roth of Aug. A Fair uled to be held here formerly for 6 days, from the 6th of May and the I ft of Sept. It is fo great a thorough- fare to the W. that it has a confidera- ble trade, efpeciaUy in corn, both by land and by the Thames. Here are ich. fcs. IntheR. ofK.Ch. I. it gave title of E. to his Scotch general, Patrick Ruthen, on account of his valour in an action here, mentioned by Dr. Fuller ; but the honour died with him. Its Ch. which is only a chapel to Great-Eling, as it was for- Hierly to Hanwell, was firft built in the R. of Rich. I. p. of Hendon, gave name to the brook abovementioned, which runs through it, and received it from the family of the Brents, who formerly dwelt here many years ; though the peafants of thefe parts (as Mr. Norden obferved) ufed to call every fmall brook a Brent. BRENT-TOR, (Devon,} b?t. Lid- ford and Milton -abbey, ftands on the top of a high hill, where is a Ch. which ferves as a fea-mark for failors that bear with Plymouth haven. BRETE-HALL, (Wano.) in the p. of Aufiey, the feat of the Bretts tor above 200 years, 'till the R. of Hen. IV. when it pafled, by marriage, to George Harcourt and William Pou- chin, which laft fold his part to John Purefoy, whofe fon conveyed it to John White of Bufby in Leicefterlhire. ^ BREWOODJ (Staff.} a pretty country T. on the S. fide of Watling- fireet, near Bofcobel, loom, from London, has a Mt. on Tu. and Fair Sept. 8. The Fowks have a feat at Brewood-hall with gardens and or- chtrds, whofe hedges and trees are cut with exquiH'e art, reprefenting feve- ral animals, carries, &c. The pa- riihioners adorn their wells here on . like thole of Bilbrook, with boughs and flowers. Here was for- merly a nunnery, and now a fr. f. A dreadful earthquake is faid to have happened here the 4th of Nov.i6j%* BRIANS-TON, ( Dorfet. ) on the Stour, near Blandford, the feat of the ancient family of the Rogers's, who held it in grand ferjeanty to find a man to go before the K. in his wars againit Scotland, or Wales, in his ihirt and drawers, holding in one hand a bow without a firing, and in the other an arrow without a feather. It was, not long ago, bought by Sir William, i j ort- mao, whofe adopted fon, Henry, a- dorned it with buildings ; and it is now the feat of Will. Portman, Efq;. St. BRIAVEL'S, (doxc.) a chapel to Lydney in the foreft of Dean, had a caftle bel. to it, which, though in ruins, ferved very lately, if it does cut ftill, as a prifon for offenders in the foreft. It has always been efteemcd a place of tru(J and honour to be confta- ble of this caftle ; feveral of the nebi- lity, particularly the late D. of Beau- fort held it ; and the mine-court is kept here. It was lately the manor and feat of Mr. Catchmede. BRICKENDEN, near Hartford, in the p. of All-Saints, is a manor which Edw. the Confeflbr granted to Wal- tham-Abbey, 'till the Ref. when K. Edw. VI. granted it to John Alieync, and he fold it to Sir Stephen Soame, Knt. one of whofe defendants fold it in 1697 to Sir Edward Clark, of Lon- don, Knt. whofe pofterity now en- joy it. BRICKHILL - Bow, Magna & Pjr-va, (Bucks,) are 3 villages near Woburn, on that military way, called Watling-ftreet. Great-Brickhill has a Fair on May-day, and another on OH. 18. At Bow-Brickhill 12 chil- dren are taught generally by the clerk of the p. for 5 /. a year, given by one Mr. Parrets. That called Little- Brickhill Jies nearcft to the latter, and bel. to Mr. Hall, as Great-Brickhill does to the heirs of the late Mrs. Dun- comb, H BRIBG. B R BRIDGFORD-EAST, orBRinc- TORD on the Hill, (Nott.) a little to the N. of Bingham, and 8 m. from WiJloughby, was the manor of the Caltofts 5 from whom it patted to the Chavvorths, and by them to the Scropes. The Roman fofs-way comes from the vale of Belvoir, through a field near this T. in which there are evident remains of a Roman ftation near that called the old Wark-fpring : and the field bel. to the T. in which part of the camp was, is called Bur- ro wfield. Roman coins have been often ploughed and digged up here. BR IDGF ORD -WEST, fo called from its bridge over the Trent, lies near Nottingham, and bel. formerly to the Peverels, then to the Lutterels. From the latter it palled to the Hil- tons, in the R. of Hen. V. and from them, in the R. of Edw. VI. to the Thimelbies, who fold it to Sir Henry Pierpoint, father of the fir/I E. of Kingfton ; and this now ducal family are ftill Lds. of the manor. BR IDGF ORD, Magtia & Parva, (Staff.) 3 m. N. W. of Stafford, the former on the W. and the latter on the E. fide of the r. Sow. They were in the R. of Hen. I. the cftate or' William de Nowel. It afterwards pail'ed through the families of Doylie and Lukemore to the Harcourts ; and in the R. of Rich. II. it bel. to the Staffords family. %. BR iDGENORTH,or BRUGES, (Salop,) 108 cm. and 135 mm. from London, is a very ancient, large and populous T. on the Severn, which flows among the rocks here with a very fteep fall j and confifling of the upper and lower Ts. feparated by the r. over which it has a ftone bridge, that has a gate and gate-houfe on it, be- fides feme houfes. The T. was built by the widow of Ethelred, K. of the Mercians. Its fituation is pleafant, as well as commodious for trade ; its air healthy, and its prcfpeft delight- ful. Many of the houfes are founded upon a rock, and moft of the cellars are hewn out of it j on the roof of B R which' are gardens made without much coft, or art ; and pathways made over them, fo that one may walk over the tops of feveral houfes, without danger or difficulty. On the S. fide of the hill, where it is very fteep, a eaftlc ftood once, fmce demo- lilhed, and part of it converted into one of the fineft bowling-greens in the Km. for its profpeft. Upon the brow of this hill there is a walk, which K. Ch. I. faid he thought the pleafanteft in his dominions. The T. ccnfifts chiefly of three ftreets, well paved with pebbles, and well built j one of which, called Mill-ftreet, becaufe it leads to the town mills parallel to the r. on the W. fide, is adorned with ftately ftrudtures. It is a place of great trade both by land and water,and had many great privileges granted to it by charters from Hen. II. and K. John. It is governed by 2 bailiffs, eledted yearly out of the 24 aid. (who are fuch as have gone through all the offices of the T.) by a jury of 14 men ; together with 48 C.C.men, a recorder, town-clerk, fcff. Its Mt. which is on S. is well flocked with all forts of provifions ; and its Fairs, which are on the Tb. before Sbro-ve- Sunday, June 19, July 22, Off. 1 8, are reforted to from moft parts of the Km. for cattle, iheep, butter, cheefe, bacon, linen-cloth, hops, and moft other merchandize. The laft, which holds three days, is the biggeft. The firft holds alfo three days, and the others two days each. The T. is well furnifhed with artificers of all forts, who deal in making and felling cloaths, leather, iron tools, and the common mfs. of the Km. Here are alib gun-makers, joiners, and car- penters both for houfes and vefiels ; and it is as famous a place, as any in England, for making ftockings. Here were formerly feveral mons. befides a popiih college and chantry ; but now only two Chs. one of which, from its fituation on the higheft part of the hill, is called the High-Ch. which was fo damaged by fire, when the T. B R B R Vas burnt in the late civil wars, that it was afterwards quite pulled down, and rebuilt. The ps. are both large ; and here is a fr. f. for the fons of the burgefles, which is as ancient as the R. of Q._Eliz. and an endowment of one Mr. Carfwell for maintaining 18 fcholars at the U. of Oxford, which are fent frem this place, Shrew/bury, Newport, Wem, and Dunnington. The T. is not only fupplied with good water by leaden pipes from a fpring half a mile off, but the water of the Severn is thrown up by an engine to the top of the Caftle-hill, the con- trivance of thofe who erefted the wa- ter-works at London-bridge. There are good mills alfo bel. to the T. bu ; !t on a littler, called Werfe, which falls into the Se-vern, There is a hof. in the High-Church-yard for 10 poor widows of the upper T. A hollow way leads from this high part of the T. to the bridge, which is much ad- mired by (Grangers, it being hewn through a rock to the depth of 20 foot on the W. fide j and though it is a very great defcent, it is made eafy by fteps and rails. BRIDGETOWN, (Warw.} has its name from its fi tuation near the bridge of Stratford upon Avon, is of chief note for an hermitage, to which St. Mary MagdalenVchapel here for- merly bel. The manor was hereto- fore in the family of the Powers, and fince in that of the Cioptons. jf. BRIPCEWATER, (Scm.) 116 cm. and 143 mm. from London, was given, after the conqueft, to one Wai - ter, a Norman j and in all the old charters, particularly K. John's, the firft that rwade it a free Bur. it is called Brugge- Walter, or Walter's- Borough The caftle here was built, in the R. of K. John, by William de Brivers, Ld. of Bridgewater, who alfo founded the hoi", near the E. gate, which was a chantry to pray for the fouls of K. Hen. II. Rich. I. and K. John. He alfo firft made the key, called the Haven, and began the ftone bridge Qver the r. Parret, which was fini/hed by the next Ld. of the ma nor, Thomas Trivet, a Corni/h-m n, K. Edw. II. and Edw. III. confirmed its charter by K. John. Edw. IV. and Q^Eliz. or, as lome fay, Hen. IV. granted it others, for changing the bailiff to the mayor, who governs it together with a recorder, 2. uld. who are juftices of the peace, and 240.0. mea. They have alfo a town-clerk, clerk of the Mt. water-bailiff, and z ferjeants at mace 5 and out of the C.C. are annually chofe 2 bailiffs, who have the fame power as /heriffs, and a receiver, who collects the town rents, and makes payments. The re- venues, which confift of the manor oftheBor. the great and fm all tithes, the manor of Eaft-Stower in Dorfet- /hire, &c. are valued at 10000 /. a year. Its freemen are free in all the ports of tngland and Ireland, but London and Dublin ; and the iheriff of the Co. cannot fend any procefs in- to the Bor. it having been made a diftincl Co. by Hen. VIII. It has a fpacious town-hall, and a high crofs with a ciftern over it, to which wa- ter is conveyed by an engine from a neighbouring brook, and carried from hence to molt of the ftreets. Its Ch. has a fpire, the third of the loiiieft in England ; and here is a fine meet- ing-houfe, with an advanced feat for the mayor and aid. who happen to be dilFenters, as alfo a private academy for fuch of their youth, as are in- tended for preachers. Here is a large fr. f. bel. to the chamber, and under it are lodgings for the poor of the p. Here is alfo a neat alms-ho. the gift of Major Ingram of Weftminfter, who was a native of this T. but it is in- habited by the poor without endow- ment. In 1724 the late D. of Chan- dos built a fine ftreet here, with con- venient warehoufes. Its Mts. are on Th. and 5. rhe lair granted by Hen. VII. and its Fairs, which are two days each, are the firft TuefJay in Lent, May 17, funs 24, Srff em- ber 21, and December 29. In a field here, called the Friars, where H ; St. B R St. .1'iffZfw's Fair is kept, was a pri- ory, v.-hich, ir. the R. of Hen. VIII. was difTolved with the other religious houles. K. James I. granted the caftle to Sir George Whitmwe and Thomas Whitmore of London, who purchafed the fite and Lp. from the crown : And, as the T. had been eredtcd into an earldom in the R. of Hen. VIII. in favour of Henry, Ld. Aubigjiy, with whom the title ex- pired, K. James again dignified it xvith that title, in favour of John Egerton, Lord-High-Chanccllor, from xvhom defcended the late Scrope, who was nested D. by K. Ceo. I. Wil- liam Harvey, Efq; bought the caftle snd manor in the R. of Ch. I. who fry a charter gave all the parishioner; ihe lame privileges as the burgeffes. In the civil wars this T. fuftained fe- veral hot Heges. It was at firft gar- rifoned for the Pt. but at length re- duced by the Kg's forces, who held it out for him, 'till the war was al- mofl at an end ; but in 1653 it fur- rendered to O. Cromwell, after it had fcfrlred feverely by the fiege, with a treafure, amounting to loocoo /. be- fides cannon and military ftcres. The D. of Monmouth lodged in its caftle in i6Sf, was proclaimed K.here, and touched perfons here for the king's- evil. James II. came hither next year, and lodged in the caftle, where he celebrated mafs j but his judges touched for the evil in theft parts, by thoie butcheries which are recorded in the blocdy-affizes, or weftern mar- tyrolcgy. TheT. ftands iz m. from the Start- point, where the Parret runs into the Briftol-channel, from whence a fpring-tide flows 22 foot at the key, and comes in with fo much nige and roar, that it is called a Boar. Ships of zoo tonr may come up to its key j ty which convenience for navigation, tttey Tarry on a pretty good coait-trsde to Kriilol and all down t},', Severn to Waics for toah, to Cornv.il tor Hate, &f.-. and at Jeait 10 coal-fliips arc con- enplfljt d. The rcce:p i of the B R cuftoms here amounts to J'DOU' -ooo^ a year. Its foreign trade is chiefly to Portugal and Newfoundland. Wool is brought hither in gocd quantities from Ireland. A great retail trade is carried on here, and its Tc's Mt. is the moft confiderable in the Co. for corn, cattle, hogs, flieep ; and for cheefe there are few, if any, greater Mts. in the Km. many waggon leads coming in here, on a Mt.-day, for De- vonfliTe; Tu. and 6'. are great flefh- Mts. and the fk.mbles the fim ft in England for their bignefs. 'i he bed of provisions are fo cheap here, that it may juftly be called a paradife for epicures. $> BRIDLINGTON, or BUR- LING i OK, (York. E.R.) nearFhm- bcrough-head, 10 leagues frcm the Spurn-head, 162 cm. and 105 mm. from London, is on a bay, which is a fafe harbour, in ftrorg gales of wind and winter ftorms, from the N.N.W. and N.E. It is a place of great trade, and has a gocd corn Mt. on S. and a Fair on Nw. j. Mr. William Huft- ler, grandfather to Sir William, was a great benefactor to it. The key which is chiefly frequented by colliers, and inhabited by feafaring people, lies near 2 m. from the T. which is about 5 furlorgs in length, and gives title of E. to the noble family of Boyle, Here was formerly a priory. >(c BRIDPORT, (Dorfet.) bet. 2 rs. 6 m. frcm Lyme, 1 1 5 cm . and 145 mm. from London, from whence it is a thoroughfare to Devonshire, is not far from the more of the Chann.-l. In the time of the Saxons it had a mint ; was created a Bor. by K. Hen. III. The ccrp. under the K. are mtire Los. of all, except feme fmall manors be!, to the D. of Bedford, Mr. Pitt, Mr. Strange-way, Homer, &c. It had once a good harbour and trade, and manufactured fo much hemp in ropes, cables, &c, that, in. The K. of Hen. VIII. it was provided, that the cor;'a:e for the English navy mould, for a limited lime, be made here, cr within 5 m. of it, and r.o whc-re elfc j B R B R elfe ; which al was confirmed by al- moft every Pt. for near 60 years after. Yet this trade is funk to little or no- thing, though the foil, bet. this place and Beaminfter, is fo fruitful in hemp, that, when a man was hanged, it was proverbially faid, hewasftabbed with a Bridport dagger ; and as for the har- bour it has bsen long barred up by the tides with fand ; but after many fruit- lefs attempts to reftore it, here is a fafe port, where may ride about 40 fail. The fituation of the T. is low; but the foil, though dirty, is good. It was incorporated by Hen. VII. and afterwards by Q^Eliz. and K. James J. by whofe charter 2 bailiffs were to be chofsn yearly out of 1 5 capital bur- gefies ; and the corp. was impowered to choofe a recorder, arkd town-clerk. The quarter -fefiions for the Co. are held in the town-hall once a year. The Mt. is on 5. and the Fairs on Lady-day, Holy-Tb. and Michael- mjs-day. Here was formerly a prio- ry. It is alfo called Burport, from the r. Bur, or Bret, on which it Hands. Jt began to fend members to Pt. the 2 3d of Edw. I. 12 m. from Lewes and 50 from Lon don, is a little fea-port and bay, with good anchorage, bet. Shoreham and Newhaven. It is a large, populous old T. chiefly inhabited by fifherrper., who go from hence to Yarmouth fifh- ine Fair on the Norfolk coaft, and let themfelves out for the feafon to catch herrings for the'merchants. It is fup- pofed there was fome engagement near it formerly, from the great number ef mens bones that have been dug up on the W. fide of it, for near a mile together. K. Ch. II. after hiding and wandering about from one place to an- other, made his efcape from hence to France. Here is a wall facing the fen, in which are many port-holes for cannon. The town-hail, which has a dungeon under it, faces the fea, and in its walls are feveral arched rooms, where the ftores are kept. Before it, next the fea, is the gun-garden, large enough to hold 4 cannon. The French have feveral times attempted to de- molifti it ; but its fituation is fo low, that their cannon-balls ufually flew too high, to do execution. It is well, however, if it be not at laft wholly devoured by the fea, which is conti- nually incroaching on it, and has, in 40 years time, deftioyed above 130 tenemeots, to the damage of noat 40000 /. The vicar here, having but a fmall revenue, claims the old epifcopal cuftom of a penny per head (commonly called Smoak-Money, or the Garden-Penny) and the fourth of a fliare out of all fi/hing-veflels. There are two confidcrable ch. fcs. here, one for 50 boys, who are taught arithme- tick and navigation. Here is a Mt. on Th. Great flocks of ftieep are fsd on the neighbouring hills, whofe wool is judged, by thofe who are concerned in itsmf. to be the fincrt in England. B R I G H T W E L L, Or B R E T T- w ELL, (Berks.} near Wallingford, beneath Sinodun-hill, where was a caftle, which Hen. II. took by force, and demoli/hed before he made peace with K. Stephen. It is noted for its rich reclory, -viz. 500 /. a year, in the gift of the Bp. of Winchester. BRIGHT WELL, (Oxf.) near Af- trop-Wells, is remarkable for a cha- pel, where the ancestors of the Sun- derland family have very flately mo- numents. It is, or was lately, the feat of the Stones, and ftnnds not far from the Roman highway, I'renild- ftreet. This place is called Bright- well-Baldwin to diftinguifh it from Brightwell-Salome, which lies a little way off to the S. near Watlington. BRIMPSTIZLD, (Gloc.) on the r. Stroud near its rife, had formerly a caftle, and a priory alfo, which was given by K. Edw. IV. to St. George's- chapel, at Wiridfcr. It is the manor of the family of Sandys, who have a pleafant feat and large park here. The p. is 6m. in comp. and has 2 hamlets in it } bcfides a fmall part of Bardlip T. H BKISX- B R B R BRISE-NORTON, (Ox/.) near Barter J, where long dwelt the Woods, who have often had unufual knock- ings before the death of ibme of the family. BR i s 1. 1 N G T o N,orBR u s T L i N G - TON, (Sem.) near Briftol, ftands upon the Avon, and was the ancient manor of the Lds. Ue la Warre, in a country abounding with coal. # BRISTOL, (Sum. and Glee.) 12 m. from Bath, 30 from Glocefter, 94 cm. and 115 mm. from London, is the fccond city in the Britiih domi nions for trade, wealth, and number ef inh. Though it lies in the two Cos. yet before it was made a Co. of itfelf, whkh was in the R. of Edw. III. it was by the Pt. rolls reckoned in Somerfedhire. On the Glocefter- ihire fide, which is the largefl and jmoft populous, fince the building ef the bridge over the Avon, that parts the two Cos. ftands the caftle, which appears to have been built by Robert, E. of Glocefter, in the R. of K.. Stephen, who beficged it before it was quite finished, but could not take It, and was fome years after commit- ted p rifoner to it. It was alternately ?n the hands of the K. nnd Pt. during the civil wars ; but was demolifhcd by Cromwell, and is now built into flrects. It was firft privileged with a iru-Acr in the R. of Hen. III. befides which, the corp. now ccnlilts of a .recorder, 12 aid. 2 ftieriffs, and 41 C.C. Befides the cathedral and 18 Chs. there are 7 or 8 meeting-houfes of proteftant difienters ; among whcm the quakcrs are a very considerable body. Its chief Chs. befides the ca- thedral, is St. Mary Radcliffe, juit without the walls ia the Co. o So- merfetj vyhich Can~.den reckoned the fineft parilh Ch. in the Km. Its fcru^e over the Avon, which is uf ftone, confiftir.g of four bread arches, )ias houfes built on it ; and it has an exchange like that at tendon, which wa? opened on 'Jieaift of &/*.! 74 3. Here is one of the racft commodious kays ia England for fliippir.g raid land- ing of merchants goods, which lies along by the r. Froome, and is half a in. in length, from the bridge in the Glocefterihire fide of the city to the place where it falls into the Avon. Its merchants were the firft adTtntu- rers to the Weft-Indies ; and about 26 years ago it was computed, that it employed 2000 fail of {hips in trade to the fcveral parts of the world. By the Severn and Wye they have the whole trade, as it were, of South- Wales to themfelves, and the gveateft, part of that of North-Wales . Alfo the fhopkepers here, who are generally whclefale men, fend goods by land- carriage to Exeter, Bath, Well?, Froome, and ail the principal Ts. from Southampton, even to the banks of the Trent. Here are no lefs than 1 5 g!afs-houfes, that are fup.plied with ccals from Kingiwocd and Mendip- hillj, fome for glafles, and others for bottles, of which there is a great de- mand at the hot well in its neigh- bourhood, and at the Bath for ex- porting their mineral waters, &Y. The hot well, which lies about a m. from the city down the Avon, is very much frequented in July End Auguft. The rocks above the well, called St. Vincents, are the chief pkce for pick- inj up the Briftol ftones. On the N^W'. fide of the city is Br.indon- hill, where the laundrefle* dry their linnen ; for which purpofe, it is faid, it was granted to the city by Q^Eliz, who alfo gave a charter, whereby every man, that marries the daughter of a citizen of BriitoJ, tcccmes frqe of the city. At Jacob's-well undex this hill plays are acted, almoft every night in the fumrrer feafcn, by come- dians from London. There are feme conf;derable mfs. of woollen ftuffs here, particularly cantaloons cartied en chiefly by French refugees. On the College-green, a very delightful place which looks over all the city and harbour, ftands not only the cathe- dral, but a!lb the ftately high crofs, a fine Gothic ftrufture, with the cfji- gies of- feveial Kgs, of England all rcur.d B R B R round it. In this city are 18 hofps. befides ch. fcs. a guild-hall, and a very large council-houfe ; and its cuf- tom-houfe ftands en the fide of that called Qnecn's-fquare, which is a- dorncd with rows of trees that lead to a curious equeftrian ftatue of K. Will. III. in the centre. The city with its fuburbs is very compacl, being almoft as broad as long, and no way above a m. yet the houfes are computed at about 13000, and the fouls at 95000. The number of its gates are about 14, fcut its walls were razed in the R. of Will. Rufus. According to a furvey made in 1736, the circumference on the Gloceftertnire fide was 4m. and a half, and that on the Somerfetfhire fide 2 m. and a half. It is a general remark to the praife of its citizen", that they are ftrict in obfervine the fabbath, that no city keeps its Chs. neater, or takes more care of their funeral monuments, or kas fewer va- grants and beggars. Carts are not ad- mitted into this city, for fear of da- maging the arches of the vaults, and gutters that are made under ground for carrying off the foil into the rs. ; fo that the conftant draught here is by fleds, which renders their pave- ment exceeding flippcry. Here arc ?, Fairs, vix, St. Jamii's, which is kept in and about St. Janus"?, church- yard on the Glocefterfhire fide ; and St. Paul's Fair in Temple- ftreet on the Somerfetfhire fide. Many of the Londoners have rtiops at both Fairs ; during which force of the neighbouring inns make loo beds a- piece for their guefts. To conclude, this city has given title cf Earl to two noble families, -vix. to that of Digby, Jfince extinct ; and now to that of Ld. Hervey of Ickworth. BROCKET-HALL, (Hartf.} bet. Wheathemfted and Digfweil, ftands in a large pnrk, watered by the Lea r. and was the ancient feat of thi Broc- kets ; from whom, by marriage of a daughter, it became the Lp. of Sir James Read ; and is now the feat cf Matthew Larnb Eli* BRSCKFORD, (Suff.} a little to the N. of Mendlefham, a manor which was held of the honour of Eye, in the R. of Hen. I. by Sir Robert'dc Sncvil, Knt. an anceltor of the D. of Dorfet. BROCKH AMPTON, (Heref.) on, the E. fide of the r. Wye towards Holmhoufe,has a camp double trench- ed, and near half a mile long, though but narrow, on that called Capellar- hill. BR OD H o L M,(Afo.'f.)bet. the Trent and the Fofle-way on the b. of Lin- coln/hire, had formerly a priory, whcfe lands were given at the Ref. to John Coniers and William Haber ; and were not very long ago in the te- nure of William Mounfcn, Efq;. BROKENBOROUOH, Or BROKE N- BRIDGE, (ftf/ts,) a m. from Malrrr- fbury, had once a palace of the Saxon Kgs. and in the R. of Edw. 111. was the eftatc of John, Ld. Molins. The forte-way pafl'es through it. BROM E-BuRNELL's, (Wiiriv,') bet. Bitford and Salford, on the b. of Worcestershire, firft the eftate of Bald- win Wake, and afterwards of the Burnclls, from whom it pafTed to the Lovels family, and afterwards to the crown ; when K. Hen. VIII. gave it to Gerard Danet, Efq; in whofe fa- mily it continued two or three fuccef- fions, but was afterwards alienated to others ; and in 1640 it became veiled in S*ir Simon Clarke. (f^ BROMLEY, (&nf,) on the r. Raven/bourn, 6 cm. and 9 mm. from London, in the road toTunbiidge, is remarkable for a palace of thcBp. of Rochefrer, to whom K. Edgar gave the manor Anno 700 j and for a hof . ereded by Bp. Warner, in the R. of Ch. II. for 20 poor clergymen's wi- dows, with an allowance of 20 /. a year, and 50 /. a. year to the chaplain. It has a Mt. en Tk. and Fairs Feb. 3, 0*3*$*). BROMLIV, near Bdw, (M:' BRUTON, (Sam.) 93 cm. and 115 mm. from London, is a well built populous T. with a fair Ch. a fr. L founded by K. Ed. VI. and a noble alms-ho. the ruins of an a,bbey. Its chief trade is in ferges, ftockings,malt- ine, &c. It has a ftone bridge over the r. Bru, in the London road to Bridgewater. The manor, which was heretofore in the Mohun's family, by a grant from Will, the Conq. was purchafed not many years ago by Sir John Meeres of Lincoln/hire. The lite and demefne of its mon. was given by Henry VIII. to Sir Maurice Berk- ley, anceftor to the Es. and Barons of Berkley, whofe family had been feated here for feveral ages, from the R. of Edw. II. and it is now the feat of Ld. Berkley of Stratton, as it was lately of Vifc. Fitzharding. Here is a Mt. on 5. with a fpacious hall over the Mt. houfe, where the quarter fefljons arc fometimes held for the E. divifion of the Co. Its Fairs are on Good-Fri- dty, April 23, Sept. 8. J^ 3 BUCKENHAM-NEW, (Norf,') 79 m. from London, ftands en the r. Wavency, half way bet. Ipfwichand Norwich, has a Mt. on S. and is fup- pofed to have had its name from the bucks in the neighbouring woods. Here was a fine ftrong cattle, which was 3 formerly poflefled by the Es. of ArurU- del, from whom it defcended by mar- riage, in the R. of K. Hen. III. to the Totfalls ; and from them by Caly and the Cliftons to the Knevets. The Lds. of this manor are to be butlers at the coronation of our kings. 5jc BUCKINGHAM, 12 cm. and 17 mm. from Ailefbury, and 44 cm. and 60 mm. from London, is the Co. T. and waflied on all fides, but the N. with the Oufe, over which it has 3 ftone bridges. A caftle was built by the Saxon K. Edw. the Elder in the mi'ldle of the T. and it is divided into two parts ; one where the Ch. is, the other where the T. hall is. It was a corp. and had fummonsto fend members to Pt. Li the R. of Edw.lII. but doe - not appear to have done fo, 'till the 36th of Hen. VIII. though from that of Edw. VI. it has fcnt i members regularly. Q._Mary incor- porated it, by the name of a bailiff and 12 burgeffes. K. Ch. H. in 1684 granted it a new charter, changing the magiftrates into a mayor and aid. but the old charter was reftored four years after, and the magiftrates are fcill a bailiff and burgeiles. Here is a handfome T. hall, built chiefly at the expence of Sir Ralph Verney, Bt. where are kept the weights and mea- fures of the Co. by ad of Pt. of Hen. VII. In theR. of Hen. VIII. the Co. bufinefs,which had chiefly been tranf- acted here, was removed in a great part, by the Ld. Ch. Juft. Baldwin to his native T. of AileJbury, of which he had purchafed the manor. This T. was many years a wool-ftaple, and many of its wool-halls are yet ftand- ing. It is a large populous place with a great Ch. whole ipire, reckoned one of the talleft in England, was blown down in 1698 by a tempeft, and ne- ver rebuilt. Here is a fr. f. which was a chapel, founded by Tho. Beck- ct, A.B. of Canterbury ; and here was formerly a chantry. The Co. gaol was kept in the caftle here, 'till it fell to decay ; but a new one is juft built : and by a late act the furnmer affizes, which B U B U which had been fometimes at Ailef- bury, are always to be he'd h,ere. On'thc 25th of'Marck, 172.5, a great fire happeiied here, by which 1 38 fa- miliei loft near 33,0007. in houfes and goods. Several paper-mills are creeled on the Oufe in its neighbour- hood j and its Mt. is on S. with 8 Fairs, viz, on Mend, fe'ennight after Epiphany, St. Mark's, T. in Wkit- fun-TJeek, St. Peter, St. Biirtbolc- r^.-r's, St. Matthew's, St. Simon And Judfsj and St. Martins, days. BUCK LAN D - MONACHORUM, (Dew?:.) near Taviftock, had for- merly a mon. is now the feat of Sir Henry Drake, Bart, and has 2 fmall ch. fcs. BUCKLEBURY, (Berks,) I m. and half from the Bath road, and 6 from Newbury to the N. E. was the feat of the late Sir Hen. Winfchcomb, whofe daughter was married to the late Vifc. Bolingbroke, and has been fince both the manor and feat of the late Henry Packer, Efq;. BUCKSTEAD, (SuJ/ex,) near Alh- dov.-n-Foreft, where were run the firft pieces of caft iron that were ever made in England. Here is a ch. f. BUDBROOK, (PParw.) above 2 m. W. of Warwick. It bel. formerly to the Es. of Warwick j one of whom gave its Ch. and tythes to the colle- giate Ch. of his founding in that T. and afterwards the Ch. was given to the mon. of Kenilworth ; but Dud- ley, E. of Warwick, to whom K. Edw. VI. granted the manor, having forfeited it in the R. of Q._Mary, it was sivcn to Ld. Dudley and his heirs male, who fold it to ferjeant Pucker- ins ; v.hcfe pofterity did lately, if they do not ftill, enjoy it. BUD BY, (Nott.) near ThoweHby in Sherwood-Fcreft, bel. to the royal manor of Mansfield, and is become a pretty T. fince the ufe of lime was found out in the parts in and near the fcreft. f3 BUDDZSDALE, OrBoTES- DALE, ( Suffolk,") near the b. of Norfolk, ;zcm. and 8 1 mm, .from London. Though a thoroughfare from St. Edmundibury to Yarmouth, it is a long mean built dirty T. with a poor Mt. on Tb. It has a Fair on Holy-Tb. and a grammar fr. fc. foun- ded by Sir Nicholas Bacon, eftafclifhed by Q^Eliz. ar.d endowed with feveral fcholarihips for ftudents from Cam- bridge ; but the mailer and ufher ate to be elefted from Bennet's-college only, \vher Sir Nicholas waseducated. The benefit of the fchool-houle is, or was lately, in the gift of Edmund Erittiff, Efq;. B u r> w o R T H , Magr.a, ( Cbcjhire, ) 3m. N. of Northwich, to whole ftately Ch. a chapel was added by the family of the Duttons. It ftands on the N. fide of the lake, called Bud-, worth-Meer, and has afairon Feb. I. BUDWOR T H, Par BULLINGBROOK, ( LitlC. ) bet. the r. Witham and the fea-coaft, 4 m. S. E. of Horncaftle, and 100 N. from London, was the birth-place of K. Henry IV. from thence furnamed Honry of Bullingbrook j gave title of E. to Oliver St. John, fo created by K. James I. and of Vifc. to Henry St. John, fo created by Q^Anne, when he was one of her fecretaries of ftate, but is now extinct by his attainder in the firft year of the late R. for high treafon. There is a Mt. on Tu. BULNESS, (Cumb.] at the end of the Pitts-wall, on the Solway-Firth, from whence Antoninus begins his itinerary ; and from whence the peo- ple fay 'a paved caufey ran formerly along the fhore to Elenborough, of which, though few or no tokens ap- pear, yet tracks of ftreets, and pieces of old walls are often difcovered in ploughing the common fields, as well ;:s Roman coins and infcriptions ; and net many years ago was dug up here a fmall brazen figure of a Mercury or Victory, late in the cuftody of Mr. AgHenby. This was anciently the head town of a large manor, contain- ing many hamlets, of which it is ftill the mother-church, and has a fort on its promontory. BBLWELL, (Nott.) with the wood and park, bet. Befkwood-park and Dcrby/nire, 7 m. from Notting- ham, and 95 m. from London, is a kind of corp. having the Perquifites of their own courts, and the appoint- ment of their own ftewards ; but they ftill pay 7 /. a year to the Ld. of the manor, and keep themfelves co- py-holders, to preferve their cuftoms and right of common in the foreft. Part of the manor bel. heretofore to the priory of Newfted, but after the ref. the wood was granted, with the priory, to Sir John Byron, Kt. who made a park here, in which is a feat cf the Ld, Byron. BCMPSTED-HEMON, EJJeX, OH the b. of Suffolk,near Haveril,\vhicL the Helions held anciently by baro- ny. The Ch. which was originally in the D. and C. of St. Paul's, w.; once left .in perpetual farm to the pr,~ ory of Hatfield-Regis, at which time this place was called Earls-Bumftei, becaufe the Es. of Oxford were its chief Us. BUNBURY, (Cbefo.) on the E. fide of Beefton-caftle, is a contraction of Boniface- Bury, from St. Boniface, to whom the Ch. was dedicated ; and a college was built here by the fa- mous Hugh Calvcrley, in the R. of Rich. II. for the maintenance of 6 priefts. Sir Hen. Bunbury, Bt. has a feat here. K^> BUN GAY, (Suf.) 83 cm. and loi mm. from London. It had a nunnery, a priory, and a caftJe in the R. of K. Stephen, which though de- rnoliflied by K. Hen. III. its ruins are ftill to be feen. On the firft of March, 1689, the whole T. was alnioit de- ftroyed by a fire, to the dar near 30,000 /. but it has been Innd- fornly rebuilt. Here are 2 p. Chs. and a giammar fc. with 10 Scholar fiiips for Emanuel-coll. Cambridge. Its Mt. \vliich is on T.k. is mucli fre- quented by people from Norfolk, as is its Fair on June 25. The r. \V.t vency, by which 'tis almoft incom- pafled, being navigable to Yarmouth, is a great benefit to its trade. A large common bcl. to the T. on which there is a race-ground, 2 m. in com- pafs. Here is a fine cold-bath, a vineyard and a phyfick-garden, all laid out by Mr. King, an apothecary of the T. in a place which com- mands a moft beautiful profpecl of the adjacent country. BUNNY, (Nott.) near Nottingham is the feat of Sir Tho. Parkyns, Bt. who built a fr. fc. here and 4 alms- ho. and erected the manor- houfes of Bunny, and Eaft-Leake, which he furnifhed with a park- wall of brick, 3 m, round, all raifed on arches, the firft of the kind built in England. This manor was granted in the R. of I Hen. B U B U Hen. III. to the Frefchevils, from \vhom it paflcd thro' the families of Belers, Swillington, Cromwel and Illingworth, till near 200 years a;o, that it was purchafed by Rich. Par- kins, Efq; defcenced of the Parkins's of Berkihire, the anceflor of its pre- fer.t owner. g^* BUNTINGFOP.D, (Hertf.)l% cm. 32 mm. from London, is a fmall T. on the ford of the little r. Rib, and upon Ermine- ftreet, in the poft-road to Cambridge and the N. being a cha- pelry to Layfton, though fituated in that, and 3 other ps. and having a handfome chapel of brick, which was finifhed in 1626. Edw. III. granted it a Mt. in the highway on $. and Fair on the day and eve of St. Peter and Paul. TheT. ftands in the manor cf Cornbury, which Hen. VIII. gave -to Ld. Char. Audley, with a grant of a Mt. in the high-ftreet every M. and two Fairs for two days each, vir. the day and morrow of St. Peter and St Paul, and the day and morrow of St. Andrew. Here is a handfome alms -ho. founded and endowed by Seth Ward, Bp, of Sarum, for four an- cient men,and as many ancient women that had lived hnndfomely and were reduced by misfortune. And here is a fc. houfe, which was built in 1630, by the widow of Will. Freeman, Efq; of Afpedon-halJ, who gave 7 /. a year to teach feven poor children. The faid Bp. who was brought up at the fr. fc. here, gave moreover four fcholarfhips of 12 /. a year to Chrift's-college, Cambridge, to be enjoyed by four fcholars, natives of Hertfordfhire, that were educated at this fc. till they were mafters of arts. BUR BACH, (Leic, ) near High- Crofs and Hinkley, did, if it does not (till, bel. to the family of the D. of Kent, to which the manor paft by defcent from Ld. Grey of Ruthin. 'Tis a long large T. in the p. of Af- ton-Flamvile, znd has a fair and fpa- cious chapel, with a high fpire. BUR DING BURY, ( IVarTU . ) OH the N. fide of Long-Itchington, in the road from Oxfordfhire to Coven- try, bel. formerly to the monks of Coventry, but (^Elizabeth granted it to Henry Goodere of Bagintcn, Efq; who fold it to John Shuckbugh, Efq; a clerk in chancery, whofe great- grandfon Thomas had it in 1640. BURES, (Suffolk,} has a bridge on the Stouv, near Neyland, and is an ancient royal vill, where was crowned King Edmund," who was murdered by the Danes. In the R. of Hen. I. the manor was held of the honour of Eye, by Sir Robert Sack- vilie ; in that of Edw. I. 'twas the eftate of William Aguillon, and af- terwards of the Bardolfs, the Poyn- ings, and the Walgraves. In 1733, the fpire of its Ch. was burnt by lightning, and the bells melted. ({^BURFORD, (Oxf.) on the r. Windrufii, 62 cm. and 85 mm. from London. It had a charter from Hen. II. granting it all the cuftoms of the townfmen of Oxford, and though it loft moft of them, it ftill retains the face of a corp. having a common feal, and being governed by two bailiffs, &c. Its Mt. which is on 5. is no- ted for laddies ; and the feven downs near it for horfe-races. Its fails are June 24, Sept. 14, and the 5. before and after Michaelmas. This place gives title of E. to the D. of St. Al- bans. A fynod was held here in the Saxons time, wherein the abbot of Malmfbury was ordered to write a bcok on the obfervation of Eafter ; and here was an ancient cuftcm of cam-ing an artificial dragon about the ftreets on Midfummcr-E-ve, alluding, as fuppefed, to the pidture of a dra- gon on a certain banner that was ta- ken in a battle fought in the time of the Saxons in a neighbouring field, called Battle-Edge. Here was for- merly a priory. A proverb has ta- ken rife from 'this T. called a Bur- ford Bait, which is a bait not to ftay the flomach, but to over-charge it. The place was formerly held by fer- vice of a barony to fend five men to the K's. forces on any expedition to Wales. BUR. B U B U BUR FORD, near Warwick, is no- ted for the birth of Samuel Fairfax, \vho, when twelve years old, dwelt under the fame roof, and fat at the fame table with his father and mother, grandfather and grandmother, great- grandfather and great-grandmother, who all lived very happily together. BURGH, (Derby) in the peak, near Caftleton, frequented in the Roman times on account of the baths to which a cart-road leads called Bath- gate. /> BURGH, (Lin.) bet. Salt- fleet and Wainfleet, 104 m. from London, has an inconfiderable Mt. on Tb. and a ch. f. BURGH-CASTLE, (Suff.) at the mouth of theWaveney, and the N. E. part of the co. 4 m. S. W. of Yar- mouth, is fuppofed to be Gariono- num, where the Romans had a fort to defend the coaft againft the Saxon pirates. There is yet ftanding great part of its wall, the materials where- of were flints and bricks, defended by four towers ; and Roman coins are often found here. In the time of the Saxons here was a mon. which is fuppofed to have been afterwards in- habited by the Jews, the rather be- caufe of an old avenue to it called the ye^vt-tvay. K. Hen. III. gave its Caftle to the mon. of Bornholm, but it was demolished long before the ref. BURGH-CLERE, (Hamp.) a little to the W. of King's-Clere, ftands at the foot of a hill, which has a mili- tary camp on the top of it (fuch as our ancestors called a Burgh) encom- pafled with a broad trench, and there being a large profpeft of the country from it, a beacon ufed to be placed on it in the Saxons time, by reafon of the profpeft from hence N to Cuck- hamfley-hill E. almoft to Reading, and S. all over Hampshire, as far as the Ifle of Wight. ST. BUR i EN, (Corn.) 5 m. from Penfance, 296 from London, had a college of prebendaries in the R. of William the Conqueror, and bel. for- merly to the pope, but was fcized in* to the K's. hands by one of the Eu- wards, and is now an independent deanry,including three ps. from whole fpiritual jtirifdidlion there is no ap- peal but'direclly to the K. and 'tis held in ccmmcndam by the bps. of Exeter. BUR LEIGH, (Nortbamp.) I m. from Stamford, to the S. E, is the place that firft gave title of baron to lecretary Cecil in the R. of Q^Eliz'. as it has done ever fince to his de- fcendants the Ers. of Exeter. He made it his chief feat, and added a park to it, through which, by the wall, pafleth the old Roman forty- foot way, and fo on above Berneck. to Wolcot. It bel. to St. Martin's p. in Stamford. The houfe, which has been very much improved by his fuccefTors, particularly by the late E's. father, is truly great and noble, fo that for ftately rooms, paintings, car - vings, terrafes, fountains, walks, &c. it may vie with the beft feat in Eng- land. It looks more like a town than a houfe, in which the tower ; and pinnacles appear like thole of churches ; and a large fpire covered with lead rifes like that of a cathr - dral over the clock in the centre. There is an uninterrupted proffcrt from it for near 30 m. over Stamford into the Fens of Lincolnfliire. In the great hall is the aforefaid E's. pic- ture on horfe-back, done by the D. of Tufcany's chief painter, at his High- nefs's charge, the E. being then at his court. And here is fo fine a piece of Seneca's bleeding to death in. his bath, that 'tis faid the late French K. offered 6000 piftoles for it. There are alfo the fineft paintings by the cc - lebrated Vcrrio, whom the E. em ployed j z years in his family, allow- ing him a coach and equipage, with a confiderable penficn. BURI.EY ON THE HILL, (Rut!.) near Oakham, has a fine feat alfo of theE. of Winchelfea, and the glory of the co. it being a pleafcn that over-looks the rich vale of Cat- I z jnofis. B U B U . In the R. of Edw. II. Ni- i'e Segrave was Ld. of the ma- nor, which was in the next R. con- e\ ed to the Spenfers, for which they - 12 s. zd. a year to the crown as a lect., as it is charged upon the iherift to this day. It was foun af- ter alienated to the Pleflingtons, and by marriage came to the family of Francis, and thence to the Snpcotes and the Harringtons, in whofe fa- mily it continued till pmchafed by S'r C-eogre Villars, . afterwards D. of Buckingham, who made the feat, which was firft creeled by John Lc. Harrington, one of the fined in Eng- l-i nd. In the civil wars there was a garrifon in it for the Pt, which on the approach of the K's. forces aban- doned it, after fetting fire to the houfe and rich furniture. The (tables however being at fome diftance from th. hcufe efcaped, and are, at this day, one of the nobleft buildings of the kind in England. The late E. of Nottingham (Daniel Finch) hav- ing purchafed the ]p. rebuilt the houfe at a great expence, and made it more beautiful and commodious than ever. It has a park 5 or 6 m. in compafs walled in, with fine woods, rich pafture and ftore of game in it, fo that there are few, if any, feats fu- perior to it for gardens, paintings, &c. and a fine library. Here was former- ly a chantry. BURMARSH, (Ksnt^'m Rumney- marln, where was once a manfion called Abbots-court, becaufe the ab- bot of Canterbu)y ufed to fojourn here when he came to furvey the rr.or>'cs lands in the marfli. K. Hen. VIII. granted it to Will. Finch, Efq; v.h'.fefucceflor Thomas E. cf Wiri- chelfea fold it to Rajph Whitfield, ferjeant at law. B u s M i N G T o > , (Wana. ) a Iktle to the S. E. of Shipton, brl. for- merly to the Greenvils, to the Staf- ford's of Southwick, and the Strange- 'vayj, one cf whom, viz. Sir Giles, Alienated jt in the R. of Hen. VIII. c. Henry An.ieflev. BURNHAM, (Bucks.} in the B.itt- road, near the Thames, and z m. E. of Maidenhead. The ancient Lds. of its manor were the Hodings, Hun- tercombs and Scudamores ; and it had formerly a moh. It gives name to its h. and is a deanery, confirming of 22 ps. Here is a ftatute-fair for hirir.g iervants, Sept. 21. BUSNH AM-Dtpr ALE,(AV/.) in the N. W. part of the co. noted for its falt-madhes, which are proper tor feeding and preserving fheep in health. ^ B U R N H A M - M A R K T T, (A r ;r/") in the neighbourhood of the former, 90 m. from London, has a harbour, and a Mt. on S. On the fliore here are many little hills, fup- pofed to be the tombs of the Saxons and Danes formerly kill'd here. The manor of Burnham- Market, after feveral defcents, pafled to the Cal- throps, who enjoy'd it for many ages ; but, not long ago, it came in- to the hands of the Parkers of Ld. Morley's famify. Here was for- merly a mon. There are feveral vil- lages in the neighbourhood of the fame name, which, for diftinclion, carry an addition of the names of the ancient Lds. of the feveral manors. Seven of them drive a great trade in corn to Holland. J^> BURNLEY, (Lane.) in the N. E. part of the co. 153 m. from London, is a fmaJl place, in a very healthy air, with a Mt. on S. and Fair Feb. I. Several Roman coins have been dug up here, dated in the time of the confuls. BURNSAL, (Tort. W. R. ) bet. Settle aud Patley-bricge, ftands on the r. Wherfe, over which Sir Wil- liam Craven, an aid. cf London, who was a native of this place, and fa- ther of the firft Ld. Craven, built a ftone-bridge, and founded and endow- ed a fr. fc. hard by. He alfo built a Ch. here, ;ird four bridges elfe- where, -,vith. the caufeys leading to , them. B U ' BURNT-ELY, (Suff. ) bet. Sud- bury and Billion, bel. to the anceftors of Sir Henry Shekon, who procured a Mt. for it of Hen. III. long fincc difcontinued. His poiterity flourifli- ed here a long while j but here were fome lands bel. to the abbey of St. Ofyth. The Ld. Cornwallis had a feat here, which is now the E. of Dyfert's. "Pis, for brevity, call'd Brently, and is the fame with Brent- Ely, already mentioned. 5^* BUR NT WOOD, or BRKNT- WOOD, (Effex,) 15 cm. and above 17 mm. from London, is one of the 4 hamlets to the p. of Southwold cum Brent, and ftands on a hill in the road from London to Harwich, fo that it has good inns, and is a po- pulous place, where the afiizes have been held feveral times. On Parflow- Wood common near it, are frequent horfe-races. The Mt. is Tb. and Fair July 7. both granted by K. Ste- phen to the abbot of St. Ofyth. Here was formerly a chantry founded by Ifabel daughter to K. Edw. III. BURRINGTON, which in old deeds is called Bovington, a little N. of Chimleigh, bel. formerly to the abby of Taviitock. It ftands on the Taw r. near the place, where it joins the Moule. BURROW, (Leic.) near Billefdon, half a m. from Burrow-hill, which has given name to an ancient family of good gentlemen in thefe parts, and from which there is a pleafant prof- peft of ths adjacent country. * BURROW-BRIDGE, (ftrS.'W. R.) is a poft-town, 169 cm. and 209 mm. from London ; 'tis fo called from its fine bridge of ftone,with very wide high arches over the Ure r. which runs to it from Rippon, that is 4 m. off, and which being joined a little below by theSwale, is there call- ed the Oufe. This bor. is governed by a bailiff, and firft fent members to pt. in the r. of Q._ Mary I. 'Tis thought that 7 or 8000 /. a year is laid out here in hard-ware, which is the chief fupport of the place, There B U are high ftone caufeys at the end of the bridge to keep out the water, which neverthelefs fometimes over- flows them. It has a Mt. on S. and a Fair June 1 1, for a week, befides another great fair for cattk-. Here was formerly a chantry. This was one of the manors which K. Edw. II. granted to his favourite Piers Gave- iton. And here he fought a battle with his barons and defeated them. Sir Thomas Tancred, Bart, has a good feat here. BURSCOUGH, (Lane.) near La- tham and Oi me/kirk, had formerly a priory, the fcite and demefnes of which were granted by Edw. VI. to Sir William Paget, Kt. of the garter, and principal fecretary of ftate. BURSLEM, (Staff.) within 3 m. of Newcaftle-Under-Line, bel. to the family of Henry de Audley, from the R. of Hen. III. to the end of the 1 6th century. 'Tis noted fora mf. of pots to hold butter, which, ac- cording to the acl of pt. for prevent- ing abufes in the package of that commodity, were to be of a cylindri- cal form, not to weigh above 6 /. and to contain at leaft 14 Ib. of but- ter. Its potters ufe almoft all the lead-ore that is dug at Lawton, and give 6 or 7 /. a tun for it. Her.- is a fuiphur-water, which in winter and fome other times, will ftrike with galls, but not in fummer. BURSTED,GRIAT andLiTTLi:, (E/ex) near Billericay ; K. Hen. VI. granted the manor to Sir Richard Rich, who alienated it to Walter Farr, and his heirs, who fold it to Ld. Pctrc. Little-Burfted was, not many years ago, the manor of Wil- liam Walton. BURST ON, (Staf.) a little to the N. E. of Newcaftle-Under-Linc, was in the R. of Hen. III. the eftute of Sir James Leigh, and afterwards that of the Mar/hals. BURSTOW, (Suiry,) on the b. of Sufiex, not far from E. Grinfted, was in the R. of Rich. I. the Ip. of Ste- phen FiU-Jiamon, who, according I 3 to B U to the cuftom of thofe times, adorned the name of his manor ; and from him defcended the family of the Bur- ftows of this co. and that of By/he. About 80 years ago, a petty Fair was held here on St. Bartholomew's day, iince difufcd, In this p. formerly dwelt the Tyrrels, a family of note. The manor has a court-leet and a court-baron, and has feveral very large commons in it with fifh-ponds. New-chapel is a hamlet in this p. near a large common, where former- ly ftood the chapel from whence it takes its name. 3^ BURTON, (Line.} which is alfo cailedBurton-Stather,i27cm.andi49 mm. from London,ftands very well for trade, on the E. f;de of the Trent, v. hcreon it has feveral mills, and the houies are pleafantly intermixed with tress. It has z Chs. one fo low in refpeft to the precipice over it, that a perfon may almoft leap from it on ! he fieepl?. Its Mt. is on M. and Vair on Li-dj- ' . I0" BURTON, (V/efim.} 195 cm. 7.44 mm. from London, is on the b. or Lancashire ; has a Mt. on T, and Fair on Whit-Monday. BURTON, (Nott.] 3 or 4m. from Nottingham, in the icad to Newark, v.as oiled Burton- Jorz, from its an- cient owners, till near the R. of Hen. VIIL when it tame into the hands of Sir Bryan Stapleton. Some of its land bei. formerly to the priory of Thu.garton, ard another ,j>art of the m.'-nor to a family v/hith was from hrnce called Burton. BURTON-CONSTABI-K , (York. N. R.) ftands in the road from Mid- l.im to Richmond, and has the name from its ancient Lds. the Conftables, though it does not appesr to have come into their poflefT.on till the R. of Km. VI. for in that of Edw. II. it M. to the Ld. Scroop of Ma/ham, who obtEined a licenfe for its holding a Mt. on F. and a Fair on the eve and day of St. Mary- Magdalen, and ia his family it continued for. feveral B U fuccefilons. *Tis the feat of Sir Marmaduke Wyvil. near Barnefley, where the Lady Ma- ry Armyn, grandaughter of George Talbot, E. of Shrewsbury erected a hof. for 6 poor widows, to have each 40 s. and a gown every year. BURTON-HASTINGS, ( War. ) near the road from Coventry to Lei- cefter, fo called from its ancient Lds. the Haftings, who held one half of the town 5 the other moiety of which was given in the R. of Ken. II. to the mon. of Nun-Eaton. The Haftings part was afterwards fold to Mr. Harvey a merchant, whofe daughter carried it, by marriage, to Thomas Cotton, Efq; of Hunting- tonlhire, whofe great-grandfon Sir Thomas Cotton of that co. Bart, was pofiefled of it in 1640. BURTON-LAZERS , ( Leic. ) on the S. fide of Melton-Mowbray, in the road from Oakham, fo called from a rich hof. founded here in the R. of Hen. I. for hzcrs or lepers, to the mafter of which, all thole of the reft of the kind were i'ubjc and Jafts a fortnight, du- ring which there is raffling every af- ternoon, with a play in the evening, from whence the company repair to an affembly, which is at fome gen- tleman's houfe. For its good air, beautiful fituation and profpecl, 'tis called the Montpellier of England. The r. Bourn or Lark, that runs on the E.fide of it is navigable from Lynn to Farnham, which is but I m. off. The chief publick buildings are the Guild-hall, Wool-hall, and Shire- houfe, betides the Abby-gate, which is ftill a fine monument of what the abby was once. Spinning is almoft the only mf. here. This T. was burnt to the ground by S.;eno the Da- nifh K. Stow fays here was a mint in the R, of K. John, and fome of the pennys of Edw. I. and II. are ftill preferved here. This is the ufual place for the affixes and quarter- feflions : and here are 3 ch. fcs. In- cluding the fubvirb-, 'tis i m. and a quarter from E. to W. and I m. and a half from S. to N. and contains 5 wards, 5 gates, and 34 ftreets, which are frrnit, fpacious, well-pav'd, and generally cut one another at right anjlvs. St. Mary's, which is much the oldeftCh. was firft built in 1005, and rebuilt in 1430. St. James's was not quite finiflied till the ref. at which time here were 5 hiif, one college, and above 40 churches and chapels. They are both remarkable for their fymmetry, large, beautiful windows, neat pillars and noble roofs. This place has been famous for feveral con- ventions of the nobility and pts. The barons made their league here againft K. John. Here was a pt. in the R. of Hen. ill. and another in that of Edw. I. In that of Edw. III. the townfmen broke open the abby, car- ried off its treafure, boiks and char- ters, and made the abbot and monk their prifoners, till they had fealcd a charter of incorporation for the T. and given it th cuitody of all the T, gates, and the wardship of all its or- phans j but 19 of the rioters were executed, B U B U executed, the T. fined 60000 /. and all the writings that had been extort- ed from the abbots made void. In the R. of Hen. VI. a pt. met here, when Humphrey D. of Gloccfter, who had been regent during his mi- nority, was bafely murdered here, which gave the firft occafion to the war bet. the houfes of York and Lan- cafter. In K.,Edw. VI:h's time, here were reckoned about 3000 houfc- keepers, and in that of Q._Eliz. 4000 communicants. They petitioned her for the privilege of fending mem- bers to pt. but could not obtain it till it was conferred on them by Ch. I. who alfo granted them their char- ter of incorporation ; and in 1608, when feveral hundred of their houfes were burnt down, he gave them great quantities of timber to rebuild them. In 1636 this T. was fo de- populated by a plague, that the grals grew in the ftreets. Here is a hof. or work-houfe for 30 boys and girls, which was formerly Mofes's fyna- gogue, where the Jews worshiped, who were very numerous here till 1179, that for murdering a boy in dcrifion of our Saviour's crucifixion, and for the like offences elfewherej they were banifhed the kingdom. B u s H a u R y , ( Staff. ) bet. Bre- wood and Walfal, was lately, if it be not ilill, the feat of the Grofvenors, where, not very long fince, was found in a wood, call'd the Birchen r Lefow, the brafs head of the bolt of a Ro- man .Catapulta. BUTTER WICK, (Hartf.} in the p. of St. Alban's, was given by K. Hen. VIII. to Anthony Denny, Efq; v,ho fold it to Sir Richard Cox, (ma- iler of the houihould to Q._E!iz. K. James I. and K. Ch. I.) in whofe pofterity it did lately, if it does not ftiil remain. BUXTON, (Derby.') one of the wonders of the high-peak, having 9 wells, that rife near the head of the r. Wye, whofe waters were noted in the time of the Romans. They sie hot and fulp hareous yet not fotid, but palatable, and are eminent for creating an appetite, opening obftruc- tions, and, if bathed in, are of good cffedl in fcorbutic rheumatifms, ner- vous diftempers, &c. The building for the bath was creeled by George E. of Shrew/bury. Mary C^of Scots was here for fome time, and took her leave of it in this diftich. Buxtena qutf calidif cchbrabere no* mine lympbte, Forte mihi pojibac non adeunda : Vak. This place is 18 cm. and 23 mm. from Manchefter. It ftands in an open healthy country, has a variety of fine views, and a beautiful down to take the air in. Here is a hand- fome large houfe for the reception of Grangers, built by the D. of Devon. The bath-water is exceeding clear, of a blood-warm temper, and will ad- mit 20 people at a time. The par- ticular qualities of the waters are belt defcribed by Dr. Leigh in his hiftory of Lancafhire, and by Mr. Hobbes. The pump here was given by Sir Thomas Delves, who receiv'd a cure here. The Roman road, call'd Bath- gate, runs frcm hence 7 m. to Burgh. BYFLEET, ( Surry, ) near Cob- ham, with its park-houfe, formerly bel. to the E. of St. Albans, who had a mill on the New River, which runs through the heath or common, and bet. this mill and Newark-abby,a n&ble brick-houfe,was begun byQ._Anne,but finifiied by Sir James Fulierton. BY GRAVE-HALL, (Hartf,] on the Roman-way, call'd Ikening- ftreet, I m. and a half N. W. of Baldock. Its Ch. was formerly given to the abby of St. Albans. Sir Wil- liam Elrington enjoyed the manor in the R. of Edw. III. It was after^ wards fold to Sir John Thornbury, and being from his family conveyed to the crown, was granted by Hen. VIII. to James Needham, who paid to Edw. VI. 3 /. a year for it. Af- ter the death of Needham, it was fold to William Warren, whofe fon built B Y TO C A AXRLION, (Mtw.) iiacni. and 141 mm. from London, lias a wooden bndge over the Uik, where it has a harbour for br.rjes. 'Twas built the manor-houfe, and fold it to Sir John Hevenir.gham of a SutFolit family, whofe fon fold it to Francis Cleaver of London 5 as did his fun. Sir >** -*~.w~. . v * v ...^^^. - .- ~. . Charles (fo created in 1660) to James, merly the ijuarters of a Roman legion, !:. of Salifbury j from whom it def- as the name fignifks ; had 3 noble tended to the prefent E. B Y N T o N,(Wd:-. )near Bitford, bel. formerly to the abbey cf Eve/ham, r.nd afterwards to the Wyncote's family, one of whom in the R. of Hen. VIII. fold the manor to Sir George Throck- ;nc: ton, by v.hofe fon it paficd toWil- liamWaiter j f: om u hcic heir it patted to Mr. Ferrers, and afterwards to Mr, Fedhaw. C A CADEURY, NORTH and SOUTH, (Som.) bet. Queer-Camel and Wmcaunton, were anciently the ma- nors of the Courtneys, Moyles, and Botreaux, and came by marriage to the families of Hungerford and Haftings } in the latter of which it continued to the R. of K. Ja. I. when Sir Francis, a fon of the E. of Huntington alienated them. In North-Cadbury was for- merly a chantry, and here ftands Ca- male*:, vul-arly called Cadbury-Caftle, fituated on the higheft ground in the Co. 'Tis a noble fortification of the Romans, which has a woody, but very pleafant profpect, with hills here and there that are fteep and lofty. Ro- man coins have been found here and hereabouts in great plenty. The en- trance cff the cnftle is guarded with fix or feven ditches ; in one of which is a never failing fpring, calPJ K. Ar- thur's weli. CAER-CARODOCK,(5ir(5/>.)ahill near the conflux of the Clun and Temd, where are ftill feme veftigies of the fortification creeled by the fa- mous Britifh K. Caractacus, and gal- lantly defended by him againft Ofto- rius and the Roman legions, but at lift he took it ; for which the fenatc of Rome decreed him a triumph. This is call'd in feme of our maps C;adock-Hill. Chs. an U. the lee of an A.Bp. (re- moved afterwards toSt.David's) ; and K. Arthur is faid to have kept his court here. It was elegantly built by the Romans with brick walls, about 3571. in compafs ; had fumptuous edi- fices, befides baths ; and among other antiquiues Roman bricks are often dug up here. Here is a Mt. on Tb, and Fairs on W, , before Rafter, May i^ July 20, Sip!, ao. It is faid to have extended .heretofore to St. Gilian;,, and is fuppofed to have been a very ftrong place in the R. of Hen. II. when it defended itfelf a long time againil the Englifli ; and, according to Giraldus, it had then many footfteps of its an- cient grandeur, but it is now become^ a fmall inconfjderable T. CAERVORRAN, (Nortbtimb.} on the N. fide of the Pitts wall, is fup- pofed to be the Glanoventa, where the Romans placed a garrifon for defence of the marfhes. Near this place the wall was built higher and firmer thaa elfewhere. On the defcent of a hill. on the other fide of the wall over- againft this T. is to be feen a draught of a fquare Roman fort. CAERWEKT, (Man.) 4m. S.W. from Chepftow, is fuppofed to be the Venta Silurum of Antoninus, from the Roman coins and chequered pave- ments found here, and its ruinous walls. CALDECOT, (Rutl.) on the b. of Northamptonftiire near the Welland^ has a Ch. which is achapelry to Ly- dington, on whofe manor this village has had a dependance ever fmce the conqueft j and they both bel. to the E. of Exeter. CAI.DECOT, (War.} near Wed- dington, bel. lately, if it does not rViJI, to the Purefoys of Leicefterihire ; to whofe anceftor it was granted by Hen. VIII. There are fevcral fair mona - ments of that family in its Ch. CALEN- C A C A Cxr ENDO N.CAL c r. no v,orC-A t- WEDON, (War."} originally a mem- fcer of Coventry, in a mofi'y fituation near a hill, was formerly the eftate of the Segraves, the Mowbrays, the Ds. ef Norfolk, and the Lds. Berkley ; but it was fold in the R. of Ch. I. to Thomas Morgan, of Wefton under Wethely. * CALNE, (Wilt*,) izm.W.of Marlborough, 72 cm. and 88 mm. from London, is a little, populous, well-built T. on a ftony hill near a fmall r. and was a palace of the Weft Saxon Ks. 'Twas made a Bor. by Richard, E. of Cornwall, confifting of 2 ftewards chofe yearly, and burgefTes without limitation,and' has fent mem- bers to Pt. ever fince the a6th of Edw. I. Their chief mf. is cloth, the Mt. on Ta. and Fairs Afnl 25, July 2 1 . Here was anciently a men. and now a ch. fc. In the year 977, * fynod of the Lds. fpiritual and tem- poral, and the priefts, was held here, at which the K. was prefect, when the whole timber frame of the room fell down at once, by which many of the priefts were woanded, and feveral kil- led. In Nov. 1725 there was fuch a hafty, heavy rain here, that the whole T. was laid under water. The ma- nor, prebend and parfonage of Calne, are held by lea'es for feveral lives, from the D. and C. of Sarum. Roman coins have been often dug up here. CALSHOT.CASTLE, (Harr.pjh.') where is a garrifon at the entrance of Southampton-Bay, oppolite to Cowes in the We of Wight. CALVERTON, (JVb/f.) on the S. fide of Sherwood-Foreft, is certified in domefday-book to be a hamlet of Blidv.orth, and bel. formerly to the Peverels, Butlers, and Villers ; and the chapter of Southwell, to which the reftory of its Ch. is appropriate, had alfo a large /hare of it. CAMALET-HILL, (Son.) near Eaft -Camel is a fteep mountain, a m. in compafs at the top, which has the marks of a Roman camp, though the people call it K. Arthur's palace. CAMBRAY,OrCANBURY-HOL"SE (Midd.} on the N.E. fide of Jflington, was built in the R. of Hen. VIII. by Boltcn, prior of St. Bartholomew's in Smithfield, as appears by his device, viz. the bolt and tun cut in freeftone in feveral parts of the garden walls. The houfe, which was for fome time the refidence of Q._Eliz. and K. Ja.I, is now divided into lodgings, which are chiefly occupied by citizens of Lon- don. The manor was given by Ralph de Berners in the R. of Hen. III. to the priory of St. Bartholomew. It was fettled at the ref. upon Ld.Crom- wel ; upon whofe attainder it was gi- ven to the E. of Warwick in the R. ofEdw. VI. and upon his attainder the crown gave it to Sir John Spencer, Kt. from whom by his daughter it paffed to William, late E. of North- ampton. ^c CAMBR IDGI is fituate on the banks of the Cam, which divides it into two parts that are joined by a ftone bridge, 44 cm. 52 mm. from London. 'Twas known to the Ro- mans by the name of Camboritum, and was a nurfery of learning in the earlieftdays ofChriftianity,at leaft 500 years before Oxford. It fuffered much by the Danes,who kept a garrifon here till Edw. the elder took it in 921, to awe the rebellious monks of Ely. Will, the Conq. built a caftle here ; of which the gatehoufe ftill remains, and is the Co. gaol. Roger dc Mont- gomery deftroyed the T. with fire and fword,' to be revenged on K. Wm. Rufus ; but K. Hen. I. to repair its damages, granted it many privileges. It was often plundered in the Baron's wars by the outlaws from the Ifie of Ely, 'till Hen. III. fecured it by a deep ditch on the E. fide of it, which ftill goes by the name of the king's ditch. Wat Tyler and Jack Strav.-, in their rebellion againft K. Rich. II. burnt the U. records in the Mt. place. The Jews being encouraged to come over by the Ks. Will. I. and II. were very populous here for feveral genera- tions. They inhabited all that part of C A C A of it, now called the Jewry ; and the round Ch. is thought to have been their fynagogue. In 1 388 K. Ric.II. 'held a'Pt. here. This T. has given title of E. to feveral of the royal fa- mily, as it did that of D. to his prefent Majefty, when Pr. of Wales. 'Tis governed by a mayor, high-fteward, recorder, and 13 a!d. z/j-C.C. a town- clerk, &c . It has 14 p. Chs. but is a dirty ill-built place. It's greateft glory is its U. not infericr to any in chrit- tendom. It confifls of iz colleges,and 4 halls which have the fame privileges as the colleges ; has 406 fellowlhips, and 6&2fchclarffiips,with 236 exhibiti- ons j and the whole bodyoftheU. which is commonly about 1500, enjoys very great privileges granted by feveral Ks. but it was K. Ja.I. who impowered it to fend two members tQ Pt. as the T. had done from the firft. The U. is governed, i. By a chancellor, who is always fome nobleman, and may b ; changed every three years, or conti- nued longer by the tacit content of the U. 2. By a high-fteward, chofe by the fenate, and holding his place by patent from the U. 3. By a vice- chancellor, who is the head of fome college or hall, and chofe yearly on the 3d of Ntv. by the body of the U. the heads of the colleges naming two perfons. 4. By z proctors, chofe every year, according to the cycle of colle- ges and halls ; as are alfo z taxers,who with the prolors regulate the weights and meafures, as clerks of the Mt. The prodlors alfo infpect the behavi- our of the fcholars, who muft not be cut of their colleges after 9 at night. The library of the U. was augmented with 30000 volumes, the books of Dr. Moor, Bp. of Ely, a prefent from K. Ceo. I. who gave 7000 /. for them ; and a fine marble ftatue of that Great Prince was creeled in the fenate-hall of King's-college in 1739, by the de- cree of the U. but at the expence of Charles, the late Vif. Townfliend. In I7Z4 his late Majefty alfo eftablifhed a profeflcr of modern hiftory and mo- dern languages in this U, with a falary of 400 I. for himfelf and two perions under him qualified to inftrudl in that branch, 20 fcholars to be nominated by the K. each of which is obliged to karn two at Icaft of the languages. Dr. Woodward, a profeffor at Grefham college, London (who died in 1728) left a fum of money to this U. for creeling a profeiTorfhip for natural philofophy, with a provision of 150 /. a year for ever. Dr.-Addenbroke alfo left it 4000 /. towards building and furnilhing a hof. for the cure of poor djfeafed people gratis : of which cha- rity the mafter and fellows of Cathe- rine-hall are truftees. A fellowfhip was lately founded at Magdalen-col- lege, appropriated to the gentlemen of Norfolk, and called ' the Travelling ' Norfolk Fcilowfhip' ; and, it is ob- ferved, that as all the libraries in Ox- ford are ' Audying libraries, 1 thofe at Cambridge, excepting that of King's- college, are ' lending libraries' ; be- caufe any perfon qualified may borrow out of them what book he wants. There are ch. fcs. here for teaching above 300 children (of whom 50 are cloathed) which are maintained by fubfcription of 2307. a year; by an ef- tate of 30 /. a year left them for ever hy Mr. William Wortes, and by the facrament money given by fome of the colleges, which have each their chapel for wor/hip, though the publick fer- mons are preached at St. Mary's. Ch. King's-ccllege-chapcl here is reckoned the fineft in the world, and ftrikes the fpedlators with a fort of awe and veneration. 'Tis 304 foot Jong, 73 broad, and 94 high to the battlements, without one pillar to fup- port it. Its choir was adorned with K. Hen. VIII. with the fineft carved work ever fcen ; and the intire build- ing, roof, and all, is of freeftone. K. Hen. IV. granted this U. a power to print all books of any kind within it- felf, a privilege which Oxford then had not. Hobfon, a noted carrier in the R. of K. Ja. I. who got a great eftate both by driving and feeding cat- tle, not only relieved the poor of this C A C A T. but built a publick conduit in the Mi-place. The Mt. is S. and the Fairs June z$ for a week, and Aug. 1 5. In pursuance of the v^ill of the abovementioned Mr. Wortes, a fine rend is cumplcated, of about 4 m. in length from this T. to Gogmagog- hills ; and adjoining to the town-hall, ' a new fhire-houfe was lately buik at the expence of the Co. CAMBRIDGE, (Gloc.} near Berk- ley, ftands on the r. Cam that fails into the Severn, and is a hamlet to Slimbridge,where fome lands,that had been given to a chantry, were in the R. of K. Ja. I. granted to Sir Oliver Cromwell. CAMEL-QUEEN'S, or QUEEN- CAMEL, (Scm.) bet. Ikhefler and Wincanton, was with its park given by the crown to William de Monta- cute. :fc CAMEi,FORD,(Cer.)i84cm. and 250 mm. from London, ftands near the r. Camel, alias Alan, is go- verned by a mayor and 8 aid. a recor- der and town-clerk, and has for its arms a camel pafiing over a ford. It was here that K. Arthur, born not far oft", was mortally wounded by his nephew Mordred, who was killed on the fpot. A bloody battle is alfc faid to have been fought here in 823, bet. the Saxons and Britons. It was crea- ted 3 free bor. by Richard, E. of Corn- wsl, K. of the Romans, who granted it the Mt. en F. and a Fair on the eve, day and morrow of St. Sivitbin. It began to fend members to Ft. in the 6th of the R. of Edw. VI. The ma- nor has been anciently held of the duchy of Cornwal ; but the T. which is Yery fmall, bel. to the p. of Lante- ftos, about i m. off. Its charter of incorporation is faid to have been jrrnnted by Ch. I. Its Fairs arc on the firft Fr. after the loth of March, and en May \ 5, July 7, and Aug. 26. f^ 3 CAMP DEN, (Gloc.) on the edge of Worcefterfnire, under the fide f hills, 71 cm. 87mm. from Lon- don,is famous for the mf. cf frockings. All tiie Saxon Kgs, we faid to have held a congrefs here in 6~o, about war and peace with the Britons. It was incorporated by K. Ja. I. and is governed by a bailiffs, 1 2 burgefies, and a fteward. Its Mt. is W. and its Fairs A/h-Wed. Afri/z^, July 25, and Nov. 30. The benefit of the two firft bel. to the T. and that of the ctheis to the Id. of the manor. The p. is 10 m. incompafs,andtheCh. has as fine marble monuments, as moft in England 5 of which the moft furr.ptu- ous, fupported by 12 pillars, is for Sir Baptift Hicks, Vifc. Campden, who gave 10,000 /. in his life-time tc cha- ritable ufes, and was a great benefactor to theT. by erecting an alms-ho. for 6 poor men, and 6 women, at 3 s. and $d. a week, befidcs coals ; and rebuilding the Mt.-place, &V. he having bought t!,c manor of the pofterity of Sir Tho. Smith, to whom it had been granted by Q._F.liz. He dyins without iflue- male, the honour went to Ld. Noel, who married his eldeft daughter ; and his pofterity were afterwards created Es. of Gainfborough, with the title of Vifc. Campden. Here are 2 ch. fcs. one founded by James Thynne, Efq; who gave looo/. where 30 girls are cloathed, and taught to read, knit and fpin ; and there is another ch. fc. for teaching 24 poor children to read. Mr. JohnFereby alto founded a gram- mar fc. and endowed it with 60 /. a year for the mafter and ufher. In fine, there are few, if any, country parishes have better provlfion for the poor. Here are forr.e remains of the noble houfe built by the above- men- tioned Sir Baptift Hicks, which the royalifts burnt down in the civil wars, that it might not be a garrifon for the Pt. Here was formerly a chantry. CANEWDON, (EJJ'ex,} on the S. fide of the r. Crouch near Walfieet, is a large p. which was anciently termed Canuti Domui, becaufe Canute, the Dane, kept his court here ; and the manor-houfc has been double trenched and fenced after the eld faihicn. CANFIELD Mugna, (EJ/'cx,") near Dunmow, had a caftle in the time of 3 Will, C A C A Will, the Conq. Ever fince the R. of Edw. VI. it has been the Lp. of the anceftors of Sir Tho. Wifeman, Bt. who have rcfided in the manor- houfe called Canfield-Hall. CANFIELD Par-va, (EJfex) near Dunmow, has 2 ancient fortifications defended by deep ditches ; one of which is to this day called Caftle-yard. CANK or CANNOCK, (Staff".) with its Foreft, on the S. fide of the Trent, near Penkridge, was, with other eftates, pafs'd over to Ld. Paget, by one of the Bps. of Coven- try, in exchange for certain impro- priations. Here is a certain iron ore called Cannock ftone ; the workmen call it the yellow fhare; which, if worked into iron bars, will, when 'tis ufed to make any thing, run all into dirt, and is good for nothing. The village Cank is near 3 m. S. of the wood. CANLEY, (War-iu.) a hamlet of Stoneley, to \vhofe Mon. it once bel. but, after the Ref. it \ver.t, by pur- chafe, to Sir Tho. Leigh, whofe great grandfon held it in 1640. CANNINGTON, (Som.) am. from Bridgewater, in a country which, e- fpecially in the winter, is extremely wet and fenny ; and is fuppofed to have been that of the ancient Cangi. K. Ch. II. gave this manor to the Ld. Clifford of Chudleigh. Here was once a nunnery. CANNONS-LEIGH, (Dxjsn.} bet. Tiverton and Wellington, where was formerly a nunnery, came to Sir John St. Leger, Knt. by exchange with K. Hen. VIII. .and fince to the family of Culme. CANNONS, (Surry) in the p. of Banfted, the manor-houfe of which was formerly a cell to the priory of St. Mary Overys. Near it is a well 60 fathom deep ; and one quarter of a m. from it a gate called Can or Can- nons-Hatch. ^e CANTERBURY, (Kent) the metropolitan fee of England, and a city and county of itfelf, 43 cm. and 56 mra, from London, which is faid to have been built 900 years before the birth of Chrift ; but that the Romans were here near 50 years be- fore it, appears pretty certain, from Antoninus's itinerary, from the Ro- man coins dug up in it, from the re- mains of a military way, and from the great Roman caufeys leading from hence to Dover and Lymme. Vortiger K. of the Britons refided here after the Romans, and yielded it to the Saxons. 'Tis govern' d by a mayor, recorder, fheriftj 12 aid. 24 c. c. &c. The cathedral, which was partly built by Lucius, the firfl Chriftian K. of the Britons, and which Auguftin confecrated by ths name of Chrift-Church, was rifled and burnt in ion, together with, the reft of the city, by the Danes. K. Canute indeed caufed it to be re- paired, and prefented his crown of gold to it : but, in 1043, it wai again much defaced by fire j upoa which Lanfranc the Abp. pull'd it all down, rebuilt it, together with, the palace and Mon. and the Ch. was new dedicated by the name cf the Holy-Trinity ; but in the R. of Hen. I. it was dedicated again, in prefence of the K. and Q^ and of David K. of Scots, and many of the Bps. and nobility of both realms, by the name of Chrift-Church. In 1174 it was again deftroy'd by fire ; but was begun to be rebuilt in the R. of K. Stephen, though not compleated till that of Hen. V. Before the Ref. it had 37 altars. Its middle tower is 235 feet in height. Seven Kgs. are interr'd in this Ch. particularly Hen. IV. Edw. the Black Prince, and other princes, cardinals, &c. and 7 Abps. lie in one vault. There is an afcent from the choir to the cha- pel of Becket, who was murdered here ; to whofe fhrine fuch rich of- ferings were formerly made, by pil- grims and other votaries, for feveral ages, that Erafmus, who faw it, fays, " the chapel (hone all over with " rare and very large jewels ;" and Dugdale obferves, that, at the Ref. K ' the C A C A 'hS plate and jewels bel. to this chiefly of 4 ftreets, which centre * ' -mb filled 2 great chefts, each of St. Andrew's Ch. and is about 3 m. v fich required 8 men to remove it. in circumference. Its Mt. is W. and Under the cathedral is a large Ch. S. and its Fairs on T. in Wbitfin- for foreign proteftants, given at firft Week, July 7 and 27, Sept. 21, by Q^Eliz. to the Walloons, who Dec. 29. each for 9 days. The fled hither from the perfecution in Corp. affairs are tranfacled in rooms the Netherlands, and fince frequented over the Mt.-houfe. The r. Stour by numbers of proteftants, who, for runs through the city ; and here is a the fame reafon, came over from printing-prefs, from whence comes a France in the R. of Lewis XIV. fo news-paper every W. and S. The that 'tis reckon'd here are 2 or 3000 Jews dwelt here once, in a ftreet French proteftants, men, women and called to this day Jewry-lane, children. Thole allowed to fettle CANTERWOOD, (Kent) a manor here by Q._ Eliz. brought over the in the p. of Elham, which, from the art of weaving broad filks ; which is family of Garwinton, pafs'd through a Mt". fo much improved, that great thofe of Hunt, Hales and Marwood, quantities are fent to London. A- to Lewknor. mong the ruins of Roman and Saxon CANVEY IJl?, (Ejftx} againft the buildings, and of many religious Hope, is about 5 m. in length from . houfes here, are the walls of a cha- Hole-Haven to Leigh. 'Tis often pel, faid to have been a Chriftian overflow'd by the Thames, (which temple before St. Auguftin, and by is here 2 m. over) except the hilly him again confecrated to St. Pancras; part, to which the Iheep, that are and near it a little room, faid to fed here in great numbers, at fuch have been K. Ethelbert's chape!, times retire. Pi-.rt of this ilhnd bel. while a pagan, in which the vulgar to Weftminfter-abbey. fancy are the marks of the devil's CAPEL'S-COURT, ( Kent } near claws. On the S. fide of the city, Ivy-Church in Romney-Marfh, was at Dungeon-Hill, are the ruins of a anciently the feat of the Capels, from cr.ftle, faid to have been built by whom it pafs'd, by the heirefs in Will, the Conq. The city had once marriage, to Harlackenden, and from an exchange, a mint, ftrong walls his family it came, in the fame man- with many towers, a deep ditch, and ner, to the Hales of Tunftall. within it a great rampart. .The two CAPEL, (Kent) on the S. E. fide gates of St. Auguftin's Mon. next of Tunbridge, having been fuccef- the T. are ftill remaining, and are fively the eftate of Rokefley, Poyn- very ftately. About this city are fe- ings, and Ld. Clinton ; the latter jrcral thoufand acres of hop-grounds ; fold it to Herdfon, who gave it to and the place is as famous as Shrewf- Dixwell. bury for excellent collars of brawn. CAPEL, (S:to have been granted the 1 3th of Ch. I. It was taken by the rebels in 1745, and retaken foon after by his R. H. the D. of Cumberland. This city is fituate bet. the conflux of 3 fine rs. abounding with fifh, vix. the Eden on the N. over which it has a bridge that is but 6 m. from Scotland, the Petteril on the E. and the Caude on the W. 'Tis a fea- port, though without fliips or mer- chants, and is the key of England on the W. fea, which is here called the Solway-Frith, as Berwick on Tweed is upon the E. fea. 'Tis a wealthy populous place, with well-built houfes, and 3 gates in the walls, which are about i m. in com. and broad enough for 3 men to walk on them a-breafr. The revenues of the city are about 500 /. a year, and the Inh. of the city and fuburbs about 2000. Jt trades chiefly in fuftians ; is govern'd by a mayor, 12 aid. 24 c. c. a fhe- K a riff. C A C A tiff, 2 bailiffs, &c. and the aflizes and fefiions are moft commonly held .here. Its Mt. is on W. and S. and Fairs on W. before Eajler, the firft 7f. in June, Aug. 15, and -SV/f. 8. Jt has but 2 p. chs. one of which irands in the body of the cathedral, which is in the middle of the city, inclofed by a wall. The W. part of the cathedral fuffered much during the civil wars, when the city was Lefieged. This city formerly gave tide of Earl to feme of the royal family, as it has done to the Howard family ever fince the reftoration of Cha. II. The P^s wall begins juft fcelow the T. and crofies this part of the ifland to Newcaftle upon Tine. Here was formerly a Mon. CAR LET ON, (Norf.) called alfo laft-Carleton , or Carleton-Rode, from Walter de Rede, who was Ld. of it in the R. of Hen. III. lies on the N. E. fide of Old and New BUC- kenham. The T. of Yarmouth be- ing obliged to furnifh the K. with 3 co herring pyes, as foon as they come in feafon, fends them by the Aeriffs of Norwich, to the Ld. of this manor, who, by the tenure, muft carry them to the K. Mr. Peter Clayton was the Ld. of it not many years ago. CAR LET ON, (AVf.) 4m. S. W. f BJith, on the b. of Yorkfhire, is called Carleton in Linderic. It bel. formerly to the Latimers and Fitz- Jiughs j from whom it came to the Ld. Dacres, Molineuxes ; and in the R. of Cha. II. was purchafed by Ma- jor Taylor, who was feme time fu- perintendant of the Mole at Tangier. Sir G:rvaie Clifton, Bt. has a fine feat here. CARLETON (Nat.} in the p. of Stoke-Bardolph, near Nottingham, CAXTON, (Camb.) 42 cm. and 50 mm. from London, the ftage bet. Royfton and Huntingdon. In the R. of Hen. III. it defcended to the Frevils, and from them, by the Burgoins, to the Jermyns. A Ro- man way pafieth from Holm to Pap- worth thro' this T. Caxton, the firft printer in England, was born here, as was alfo Matt. Paris the hiftorian. It has a Mt. on T. and fairs May 5. and Off. 3. (j3 CERNE-ABBEY, (Dorfet.) 5 m. N. of Dorchefter, and 99 from London, was built by St. Auftin, has a Mt. on W. and Fairs on Midlent- Sunday and Holy-Tb. and was lately both the feat and manor of Tho. Pitt, Efq; A rivulet runs from hence to the r. Frome. CHADSKUNT,(W CHAPPEL IN THE FRITH, (Derby) in the High-Peak, 124 crn, 149 mm. from London, has a Mt. on S, and 5 Fairs, -viz:. Afcenjion- day, May 4, June 1, ^fuly 7, Octo- ber 5- CHAPPEL OF Pi.AisTER,(#7/rj) near Box, had a houfe formerly for entertainment of pilgrims, who went to vifit the fhrines of faints, particu- larly Jofeph of Arimathea's at Glaf- tonbury. CHAR BOROUGH, (Dorfet.) on a rivulet that runs into the Stour, S. W. of Winburn-Minfter, feat of the anceftors of the late General Erie, and now of Sir Edw. Ernie, Bt. and Hen. Drax, Efq; f^> CHARD, ( Som. ) 116 cm. and 140 mm. from London, is a poft T. which, in the R. of Hen. III. was made a Free Bor, aad fent mem- Uu C H bers to Pt. nine times, but loft that privilege by its own Negligence ; and the aflizes were alfo held here for- merly. It has feveral ftreams run- ning thro' it, which keep it clean, and one, in particular, which, by being turned N. or S. will, 'tis af- firmed, run into the Severn or the Britifh channel. It has 4 ilreets that terminate near the Mt. which is on Tu. and Fairs on Lady-day, St. James's and, Ail-Saints days. Here are 2 almfti. and a fmdl woollen mf. there being fulling-mills in the neigh- bourhood. Here was once a chantry. CHARDSTOCK, (Dorfet.) near Bcmiler, the feat of the late Anth. Henley. The Philofophical Tran- factions give an account of a woman that had Jain here 8 days alive co- vered with fnow, without receiving any nourishment. CHARING, (Kent) bet. Lenham and Weftwell, on the S. fide of the road from Maidftone to Canterbury, ftands on a fpring of the r. Len, and has the ruins of a caftellated palace of the Abps. given them by fome of the firft Saxon Ks. and they held it till Abp. Cranmer exchanged it with Hen. VIII. It has Fairs April 23. and. Off. 1 3. CHARLCOT, (ffarw.) near the Avon, to the N. E. of Stratford. Its Ch. was a chapel to Wellefhurn in the R. of Hen. I. and in that of Hen. II. bel. to the canons of Ke- nilworth. The manor bel. for many ages, to the Lucys, to whom it came, by inheritance, from the Charlcots. 3" CHARLEY, (Lane.) on a ri- vulet that runs into the Yarrow, on the N. E. fide of Ecclefton, is 154 m. from London, and has a Mt. on Tu. and Fair Aug. 10. CHARLEY, or CHARNWOOD, ( Lac. ) a little to the S. W. of Loughborough, gave name to a foreit near it, zo m. in compafs. Soon after the conqueft, it was disforefted, yet reftored by Hen. II. but was again disforefted by Hen. III. as it remains to this day. K. Edw. I. C H gave this Lp. and foreft to (fornhi the Earl of Euchan, for his affiftanc* of his defigns in Scotland, during the difpute bet. Baliol and Bruce ; and his grand-daughter marrying the Ld. Beaumont, one of his defcendanti inclofed a park in this foreft, which, to this day, is called Beaumont- Park. CHARLTON, (Were.) near Evef- ham, and on the fame r. once th eftate of the knightly family of the Hanfaeres, and afterwards of the Dinglies of Lancaihire, to whom it came by inheritance. CHARLTON, (Kent) at the edge of Blackheath, in the road from Green- wich to Woolwich, is a pleafant village, noted for that called Horn- Fair, on St. Luket Day, when a frolickfom mob go thither, in pro- ceflion, from London, &c. with horns of divers kinds upon their heads, and ufed to commit great in- decencies, which of late are much reftrained. Not only horns, but wares and toys of all fcrts, made of horn, are fold at this fair j the origin of which was, according to tradition, this : vix. One of our Ks. fome fay K. John, who had a palace at El. tham, being a hunting hereabouts, and feparated from his companions, entered a cottage here, and finding the miftrefs of it alone, took a liking to her, and having prevailed over her, the hufband came juft in the critical minute, and threatening to kill them both, the K. was forced to compound with gold for his fafety, and moreover gave the man all the land from thence, as far as the place now called Cuckold's-Point, beyond Rotherhith, upon which he efta- bliflied the Fair. A fermon is preach'd on the Fair-day, in its Ch. which is one of the fineft in the Co. and was beau- tified and repaired by Sir Edw. New- ton, Bt. tutor to Prince Henry, fon of K. James I. who granted him this manor ; and Sir Edward alfo built that ancient fine houfe, now the feat of the Earl of Egmont, CHARL- C H CHARLTON, (Nsrtbamp.} in the Lof Newbottle, near Oxford/hire, s the remains of a Danifh camp in the neighbourhood , called Rainf- borcugh. CHARLTOX, (Nortbumb.} N. and S. in Tindale, bet. Billingham and Greenhaugh, bel. formerly to the Piercys and Beaumonts. CHARLTON, ( Som. ) on the S. fide of Keynfham, bel. to Lacy Earl of Lincoln 'and Maurice Ld. Berkley, in theR. of Hen. IV. K.Hen. VIII. granted the tithes of hay and corn of this p. which be], to the mon. of Keyn/ham, to Sir Will. Herbert, Kt. CHARLTON, (Suffex) 3 m. E. of Goodwood, remarkable for the feats of fox-hunters ; there being a foreil by the fide of it, formerly bel. to the Lumleys, but now to theD. of Rich- mond ; and a large room, defigned by the Earl of Burlington, where they dine. CHARLTON, (Staff.} near Swin- nerton, bel. anciently to the Barons of Stafford, from whom it came to the S\vinnertons, and by marriage to Will. Fitzherbert ; after which it pafTed to the Broughtons. CHARLWOOD, (jiurty) to the S. of Rygate, on the b. of Suflex. In the R^ of Edw. I. 'twas the Lp. of John de Bended, and before the Ret. bel. to the men. of Chri/lchurch Canterbury. It came afterwards to the Saunders family, of whofe heiis it was bought by Sir Will. Throck- xnorton, in 1600, in whofe family it continued many years ; but ia the R. of K. Will. ill. we find it pcf- fefled by Rob. Wile, who had the care of the gardens at his palace of Kenfington. The Ch. is a peculiar bel. to the See of Canterbury. In this p. is Kilman-Bridge, ( -vulga Kilberham) fo called from a great flaughter of the Danifh plunderers upon or near it, by the inn. of this Co. and Sufiex. CHARMISTER, or CHADMIS- TER, (Dorfct.) near Dorchefter, bel. ncientjy to the cathedral of Sarum, C H but in the R. of Hen. VIII. to The. Ld. Wriothefley, Ld. Chancellor, who exchanged it with his Majeftjr for other manors ; and it was lately, if it be not ftill, a feat of the Tren- chards. CHAR MOUTH, (Darfet.) at th mouth of the r. Car, on the N. E. fide of Lyme, where the Danes for- merly worfted the Engli/h in two battles, but anno 838, were here totally routed by the Englifli. K. Cha. II. came hither after the battle of Worcefter, with a defign to go over to France ; but being fufpe&ed by the captain of the veirel's wife, withdrew to Salifbury. CHART HAM, (Kent} 3 m. from Canterbury, did bel. formerly to the priory of Chriftchurch, but after- wards the Abps. of Canterbury be- came Lds. of it, and had a palace here. At the DilT. it came into the K.'s. hands, but h returned it again to the Ch. This p. ftands in a fine fporting country, and has a trout r, running : thro' it called the Stour. CHARTLEY-CASTI.E, ( Staff. ) 3 m. N. E. from Stafford, near the coal-pits and brine-pits, and a very large park 2 m. N. of the Trent. It formerly bel. to the Earls of Chef- ter, cne of whom, in the R. of Hen. III. built the caftle, now in. xuins. It pafled afterwards by mar- riage to Will. Ferrers Earl of Derby, to whom it gave title of Baron. Ther.ce it pafled, by marriage of a daughter and heir, to Walter Deve- reux, Efq; whofe fon in her right became Ld. Ferrers of Chartley, and was the father of Walter, and grand- father of Robert Devereux Earl of Effex, whcfe fitter married Sir Hen. Shirley, Bt. whofe fon, in 1682, was created Ld. Ferrers of Chartley, and in 171 1, Earl Ferrers. Dr. Plot mentions a fliuffle- board in the hall of the caftle, 10 yards 13 inches long, which, tho' made up of ;6o pieces, each about 18 inches long in the general, yet -they are fo nicely gluei C H C M flued together, that no table is freet from rubs. CHATHAM, (Kent] is parted by the Medway from Rochester, to which it is a fuburb ; lies partly in the p. of Gillingham, and was built by K. Cha. II. after the firft Dutch war; but the dock was begun by Q._Eliz. and has been fo improved by her fuccefibrs, that there is not a compleater arfenal in the world, here being whole ftreets of warehoufes and ftorehoufes. The houfes of the officers are well-built, and fame of them ftately, and the publick build- ings are furprizingly large, like the fhips of the royal navy that are here Rationed. This place gives the title of Baron to the D. of Argyle. That called the Cheft at Chatham was in- ftituted anno 1558, when the fea- men in the fervice of Q^Eliz. agreed to allow a portion of each man's pay for the relief of their fellows, that had been wounded in the defeat of the Spanish Armada, which cuftom has continued ever fince. An hof. was allb erected here, at the private expence of Sir John Hawkins, and incorporated by the faid Q^_ for the relief of 10 or more aged and maimed mariners or fhipwrights. Here is a Fair Sept. 8. CHATMOSS, (Lane.} on the W. fide of the Irwell, towards Leigh and Newton, is a wet marfliy ground, for 5 or 6m. each way, in which trees are often dug up, that are ufed for fewel, and burn as clear and bright as torches, they being of the fir kind, and full of turpentine. CH AT TF.S WORTH, (Derby.'] 6m. from Chefterfield, and 114 from London, is a feat of the D. of De- von, by the r. Derwent, in the Peak, and reckoned one of its wonders, be- ing a roble ftately feat ; for the de- fcription of which, we refer the cu- rious to Mr. Cotton, Mr. Hobbs, and Dr. Leigh, who fays, that, like the fun in a hazy air, it gives luftre to the duflcy mountains of the Peak. The ftones of this magnificent b.oufe were all dug out of quarries hard frf, as was the marble, of which her are feme curious tables and chimney- pieces, which is finely veined, and yet fo common, that the people in fome places build their houfes with it, and in others burn it, as they do lime-ftones, to. manure the earth. The old houfe was be<:un by Sir Will. Candifti, or Cavendifli, of Ca- vendifh in Suffolk, in the R. of Q.^ Mary, and finished by his Lady, af- terwards Countefs of Shrewsbury j but it was pulled down, and a new one built, by William D. of Devon, grandfather to the prefent, with fuch elegance and grandeur, that the fub- limeft oratory, or poetry, can give but a faint refemblance of either its fituation and ftru&ure, or its fine water-works, and curious paintings, by the celebrated Varrio. CHAT TON, (Nortbumb.) E. of Woller, bel. formerly to the barony of Vefay, but was fold, by the )>p. of Durham, to the Piercys, in whofe family it continued, till it was for- feited to the crown, by the rebellion of Hen. Piercy Earl of Northumber- land, and beftowed, by K. Edw. IV. together with the Charltons, to his brotlier the D. of Clarence. CHATWALL, (Salop) a little to the S. W. of Aclon-Burnel , the eftate of the Burnels family, and afterwards of the Lovclls, till it wa forfeited, and given, by Hen. VIII. to the Norfolk family. Jf> CHEADLE, (Staff.) no cm. 138 mm. from London, near the fource of the Dove, was heretofore the eftate of the Bafiets of Leicefterfhire, then of the Grays of Codnover, and after- wards of the Ld. Zouch's family. ItsMt. is on S. and Fair Aug. 10. Here is a ch. fc. CHEDDER, (Som.) on the S. E. fide of Axbridge, under the ridge of Mendip-hills. Its Ld. in the R. of Hen. V. took his name from it. 'Tis famous for very large cheeies of a delicate tafte, like the beft parme- fan, and fold from 6 d. to 8 d. a pound. C H pound. The rocks called Chedder- Cliffs lie on the N. W. fide of Ax- bridge, in which is a deep frightful chafm, in the hollow whereof the road goes towards Briftol ; and out of it iprings a ftream fo rapid, that 'tis faid to drive 12 mills within a quarter of a m. of it, before it runs down into the mar/hes, and joins the little r. Axe. Here was a chantry. CHZDDON, (Som.) near Taunton, in the road from Bridgewater, bel. heretofore to the family of Fitzpain, nd patted by marriage, in the R. of Rich. II. to that of Ld. Poynings, as it did in that of Hen. VI. to Hen. Piercy, afterwards Earl of Northum- berland. - CHEDGRAVE, (Norf.) bet. Yard- ley and Seching, on the little r. Thirn, was formerly the eftate of Ld. Willoughby of Ereiby. CHEDLETON, (Staff.} on the S. fide of Leek, a member of Werfley in Aftonfield, bel. heretofore to a family of the fame name, from whence it parted, by marriage, to the family of Bromley, and then to the Egertons. CIJEDSEY, (Som.) a little E. of Bridgewater, bel. in theR. of Rich. II. to Will. Montacute Earl of Saliffiury, and in that of Hen. VIII. palled to Ld. Stafford's family. CHEDWORTH, (Ghc.) on the S. W. fuie of N. Leach, has long been the feat and manor of the Bromleys, and now gives title of Ba- ron to a worthy defcendant of that family. CHELMARSH, (Salop) on the W. fide of the Severn, and S. of Eridge- north, was heretofore the Lp. of the Mon'gomeries Earls of Shrew/bury, and in the R. of Edw. III. of Ed- mund Ld. Mortimer, Earl of March, who gave it to the convent of Wig- iore. CPFLMESCOTE, (K'*, '..-.) near Brnyles, of which this m.;uor was originally a member, and poflefled therewith by the Earls of Warwick j Lut was afterwards alienated to Hu C H band, who forfeited it by rebellion againft Hen. III. but recovered it, and in the R. of Edw. I. held it of the Earl of Warwick. In that of Hen. IV. the Ld. Gray of Ruthin had it, and conveyed it to John Leg, who pafl"ed it to Baldwin Boteler, in the R. of Hen. VI. but by marriage of his daughter it went to Euftace de Greenvil, whofe defcendants en- joyed it till the R. of Cha. I. when it was fold to Rich. Shuckborough, Here was formerly a chantry. OC^ CHELMSFORD, (E/ex) 25 cm. 28 mm. from London, has a bridge over the Chelmer, which, at the T's. end, joins the Cann. 'Tis a pretty large populous T. almoft in the centre of the Co. and is a great thoroughfare, with good inns, in the road to London. The Co. fefllong and courts are held, and Kts. of the- mire elected here. Here is a good Mt. on Fr. and Fairs May I, July 7, and Nov. i. Its Mts. and Fairs were granted by K. Stephen and K. John. Here is a fr. fc. which was founded and liberally endowed by K. Edw. VI. who fettled the Gt. of it in the fa- milies of Sir Hen. Tyrrel, Sir Will. Petre, Sir Walter Mildmay, and Tho. Mildmay, Efqj and here is a ch. fc. for 45 boys and 25 girls. The Ch. appeals to have been re- built above 300 years. This place was formerly held of the Bp. of Lon- don, and the manor-houfe is ftill called Bifliop's-Hall, but Bp. Bonner alienated it to the crown. The chief fupport of this place, befides the bu- finefs of the Co. is the multitude of carriers and paflengers conftantly paf- fing this way to London, with droves of cattle, provifions, and mfs. All round it are many feats of the nobi- lity and gentry. In the I5th cen- tury Malcolm K. of Scotland erected a mon. here. CHELSHAM, (Surry) a chapel cf eafe to the p. of Warlingham, where, on a hill called Bottle, in the road from Croydon to Kent, are the re - aaains of a Roman camp, to which a lane C H Ian?, called Shaifden, leads from Croydon, where is a rock or quarry of chalk ; and the neighbourhood abounds with hazels. fS* CHELTENHAM, (Gloc.) 8m. in tne road from Gloceiter to Winch- comb, and 95 from London, has its name from the brook Chile, which palTes through it into the Severn from Dowdefwel!. The p. is lorn, in com. It drives a confiderable trade in malt, and has a Mt. on Tb. and Fairs on Holy-Tb. and St. JamefsDay: But this place is moft frequented for its mineral waters, which are of the Scar- borough kind, and were, not many years ago, found out by the refort of vaft flocks of pigeons hither, both to provoke their appetite, and quench their thirft. This manor paid Edw. theConf. 9/. 51. a year, and 3000 loaves for his dogs ; and zo/. a year to Will, the Conq. and 15 /. yearly for bread for his dogs. K . Hen. III. granted the manor to Will. Longefpee, E. of Salisbury, but the benefits of the Fairs and Mts. to the inh. The E's. grandfon forfeiting the Lp. by going out of the realm without leave of the K. it was llized, and fettled after- wards on the nunnery at Sicn-Houfe in Middlefex. After the Ref. the crown held it many years, but it came atlaft to the Buttons, anceftors to the late Sir Ralph Dutton of Sherborn. Befides a ch. fc. a hof. was founded here in 1578, for 6 poor people, by Rich. Pates of Glofter,-Efq; of which C.C.C. Oxford are governors. Here was once a chantry. {|* CHEPSTOW, (Monm.} 2 m. from the pa/Tage over the Severn to Auft-Ferry, 1 6m. from Briftol, and 102 cm. 131 mm. from London, near the mouth of the Wye, over which it has a fine wooden bridge, is large, well buiit, and populous, and Hands on a hill. 'Twas formerly walled round, and had a caftle and a pricry. The Clares, Es. of Pembroke, \vere >nce the Lc"s. of it, but it patted by marriage to the Bigots, and fo to the Es. of WorceAer, now Ds. f C H Beaufort. This is the port for all the Ts. that ftand on the rs. Wye and Lug. Ships of good burden may come up to it, and the tide comes in with as much rage as at Brirtol, it rifing commonly 6 fathom at the bridge, which is 70 foot above the furiace of the water, when the tide is out. In Jan. 1738 the bridge was much damaged by the rife of it above 70 fuct. As half of it is in Glocef- terfiiire, it is maintained at the expence of both Cos. A beautiful Roman pavement was difcovered here in 1689. Its Mt. is on 5. for rorn, &Y. but cf- pecially fwine ; Fairs on the F. in Wbit.-Wek, Aug. i. and the F. be- fore St. Lukis. The D. of Beaufort has a feat here, it being in the lift of his baronies. The remains of its wall are frill vifible on the S. fide of it, as are 2 or 3 of its baftions. CHZRINGTON, (Wano.) on a r. that runs into the Stour, not far from Shipton, bel. anciently to Brailes ma- nor. In the R. of K. John it was in the hands of Hen. Falconer. In that of Hen. III. it bel. to Hen. Boncheva- lier and Ralph de Willington ; and ever fmce the R. of Edw. HI. has been in the Lucy's family. CHERLBURY, (Oxf.) nearChad- dlington, bel. in the R. of Hen. VIII. to Geo. Owen, Efqj but is now the feat of the E. of Plymouth, and has a fine view of Cornbury-Park. CHERLTON-CASTUE, (Salop.) under Wreken-Kill, bel. anciently to the Cherltons, Lr. 14. Here was once an abbey, by the ruins of which the fireets are fornewhdt raifed ; which, were it not alfo for the bank from Egham to Stsnes's bridge, would, by reafon of its low fituation, be often liable to be overflowed by the Thames. Sir Nich. Carew, matter of the buck-hounds to Ch. II. built a rine houfe here with the ruins of the abbey, in which was depofited the corpfe of Hen. VI. (who was ftabbed in the tower by order of Richard, D. of Glofter) till Hen. VII. removed it to Windfor. (^ CHESHAM, (Bucki) on the b. of hartfordfhire, gm. S.E. of Ailes- bury, and 24 cm. 29 mm. from Lon- don, has a Mt. on W. did bel. to the late Lds. Cheyney, Vifcs. of New- haven, and had formerly a chantry, as it has now a ch. fc. CHESHUNT, with its Park and Wafh, (Hartf.} near Hodefdon,i5m. in the road from London, ftands near the r. Lea and that once called the Er- jninftreet, and had formerly a nun- nery. This place is called Chefton in Norden's, Camden's, and other maps of the Co. In Kilfmore-Field, on the "W. fide of it, are the remains of a camp. That called Chefliunt-Houfe, near Waltham-Crofs, was a feat of the E. of Salisbury. K. Edw. III. made it a Mt. T. which has been dif- continued long fir.ce. K. Hen. VIII. gave this manor to his natural fon Hen. Fitzroy, D. of Richmond ; who dying without iffue, Edw. VI. granted it to Sirjohn Gates ; who being attainted of high treafon, Q._Mary gave it to Sir John Huddleftone, who fold it to John Cock ; by whofe pofterity, in the fe- male iiTue', it hasdefcende'd to Sir John Monfon, The manor of the redtory, which remained at the Difl". of mcns. to the D. and C. of Weftminfter, was fold to Anth, Denny, Efq; who fold it to Geo. Daties ; and byTho. Dacres, in the R. of K. Ja. I. it was fold to Hen. Atkins, M.D. He fold it to Sir Edw. Scot ; from whom it came to Sir Stephen, 4iis brother, whofe fon fold it to Sir Edw. Defbouvery ; by whofe grandfun Sir Edward, it was fold to Tho. Martin, Efq;. The manor of the nunnery was granted by Edw. VI. to Anth. Denny, Efq; from whom it pafled to Edward Ld. Denny, E. of Norwich, who fold it to Rob. Dew- hurft, E.q. He dying without iffue gave it to Mrs. Anne Gill and her daughter, for their lives, with re- mainder to William her grandfcn, who fold it to John Mortimer. The latter fold it to Sam. Benfon, and he to Robert, Ld. Bingley. CHESIL-BANK, (Dorfet.) is a bank of gravel and pebbles thrown up, for 9 m. together in the fea, from Ab- botibury to the S. E. with a narrow fea running betwixt it and the fhore, by which fand-bankPoitland is joined to the continent. CHESTALL, (Sfa/.) in the p. of Longdon, where Sir Edw. Littleton had a feat, bel. to Simon Ridley, and his pofterity, from the R. of Edw. III. to that of Hen. VI. when it was fold to the Ridgleys ; but they fold it to Mr. Hufiey, cf Albrighton near Shrewsbury, who fold it to Mr. Bar- low, of Darbyfhirc ; and he conveyed it to Laur. Wright, whofe pofterity did lately, if thc-y do not ftill enjoy it. ^c CHESTER, (Cbejh.} 140 cm. 182 mm. from London, is commonly called Weft-Chefter. 'Tis a large, an- cient, populous, and wealthy city, with a noble bridge, having a gate at each end, and 12 arches over the Dee, w hich falls into the fea. It has 1 1 ps. and 9 well built Chs. The Cathedral, called St. Werburg's, once a mon, looks as antique as the caftle. Some fay they were both built by Will, the Conor's, nephew, Hugh Lupus ; and others that the Ch. w?s founded by Edgar. The continual refort of paf- fengers here, to and from Iceland, adds very C I! C II very much to its trade ; bat its port, which is formed by the Hyle-Lake and the point of Ane, is indifferent, the bar being often almoft choaked up, fo that fhips were forced to un- load their goods at 6 m. diftance, and fend them up to the city in fma]l vef- fels: But by the favour of two ats of Pt. in 1732 and 1741, this inconveni- ence is in a great meaivue iurmounted, by a channel being cut 10 m. in length, through which great VefTels now come up to its kay. The city is fuppoied to have been founded by the Romans, in whofe days it was very eminent, and no city in Britain maintained the Ro- man fplendor fo long. After it had fubmitted to the Saxons, the Britons recovered and kept it, till Egbert, the firft Saxon monarch, took it from them about Sz6 ; and 60 years after this it was taken by the Danes; but they were befiegeJ,, and forced to fur- render it to the united Saxons and Bri- tons. In theR. of K. Edw. the el- der, it was enlarged ; and K. Edgar having in the I3th of his R. (um- moned all the Kgs. and Princes of the ifland hither to pay him homage, the Kgs. of Scotland, Cumberland, and Man, and 5 petty Kgs. of Wales fwore feaity -to him, and rowed him in a barge in the r. Dee, while himfelf fat in triumph, fleering the helm. In the R. of Hen. VIII. this city was im- powered to elect members to Pt. In the civil wars, it held out a fiege for K.Cha. I. under Ld. Biron, and de- clared for Cha. II. under Sir Geo. Booth. In 160.5 a mint was elta- bh'/hed here for coining the new mo- ney. The houfes here in general are of timber, very large and fpacious, but are built with galleries, piazzas, or covered wails before them ; in which the pafiengers are fo hid, that to leek into the ftreets, one fees no body ftir- ring, except with horfes, coaches, carts, fife, and the fliops are hardly to be feen from the ftreets, fo that they are, for the moft part, dark and clofe ; but in fuch parts, where the rows do not cloud the buildings, there are large well built houfes. Tha ftreets are generally even and fpacious, and, crofling one another in fhait, lines, meet in the centre. The walls were firft creeled by ./Edelfieda, a Mercian lady, anno 908, and join on the S. fide of the city to thecaftlej from whence there is a pleafant walk round the city upon the walls, except where it is intercepted by fonie of the towers over the gates j and from hence there is a prolpeft of Flintshire and the mountains of Wales. The city confills chiefly of 4 large ilreets, which make an exact crols, with the T. houfe and an exchange in the middle, which is a neat ftruttuiv, fupported by columns 1 3 foot high, of one (lone each. The city has 4 gates, 3 poi- terns, and is 2 m. in com. The epif- copal fee was firft tranflated to it from Litchfield, immediately after the con- queft ; but it was afterwards removed to Coventrv, and thence back again, toLitchfield ; fo that Chefter remained without this dignity till it was re- ftored by Hen. VI II. It had been made a corp. and Co. by K. Hen. VII. '1'is governed by a mayor, 24 aid. 2 fheriffs, and ^oC.C. In the caftle, where the Es. of Chefcer formerly held their Pts. is a (lately hall, feme- what like that at Weftm'infler, where the palatine courts and afiizes are held. There are alfo offices for the records, a prifon for the Co. and a tower af- cribed to Julius Caefar. A Dutch co- lony was fettled here not many years ago, by whofe indufli'y the trarnck of this city was much augmented ; but die mf. of moft note here, is tobacco pipes, faid to be the beft in Europe, being made of clay brought from the Ille of Wight, Pool, and Biddiford. Here are aflemblies every week, and horfe-races upon St. George's Day, be- yond the Rhode-?, which is a fine large green, but fo low, that it is of- ten overflowed by the Dee. The walls, being built like moft of the houfes of a ftone which is a foft red- difh grit, often want repairing ; for which purpofe, there are ofHcers,called L z niurengers. C H C H Jnurengcrs. The keeping of the gates was once reckoned fo honourable an office, that it was claimed by fe- vcral noble families ; as Eaft-gate by the E. of Oxford, Bridge-gate by the E. of Shrew/bury, Water-gate by the . of Derby, North-gate by the mayor f the city. On the E. fide of it, there is a poftern, which was ihut up ly one of its mayors, becaufe his daughter, who had been at ftool-ball with feme maidens in Peeper, ftreet, was ftolen,andconvey'd away thro' this gate ; this has occafioned a proverb Jiere, " When the daughter is ftclen " /hut Pepper -gate." The city is w^ell fupplied with water from the r. Dee by mills, and the water -tower, which is One of the gates of the bridge. The centre of the city, where the A ftreets ineet facing the cardinal points, is called the Per.iife, from whence there is a pleafant profpeft of all 431 once. The fuburbof Hanbrid is called by the "VVelih Treiotk, i. e. Burnt-Town, it having been often burnt by them in their incurfions. The fee-farm rents of this city are vefted in the Ps. of Wales, as Es. of Chefler, who hold them with the caftle and profits of the temporahies of the F.pk. f-n-i the free men fwear to be true to the K. and E. The officers eftabliihed here are, a governor of the city and caftle, a lieutenant-governor, with a mafter- gunner, ftore-keeper, and furbi/her of fmall-arms ; and for the cufroms, be- fides a collector, comptroller, and fearcher, here are 21 fubordinate offi- cers. Here is a ch. fc. fcr 40 boys, who are taught, clcathed and main- tained by a fund of 500 /. and 70 /. a year fubfcription. The Mts. here, are W. and 5. and the Fairs, to which abundance of merchants and tradef- men come from all parts, particularly Briftol and Dublin, sre June 1.4. Jut] 25, and Sept. ?.g, each for a week. This place was of great account, fo eaily as in the days of K. Arthur,, for teaching the arts and fcience?, pnd the learned languages. K. Ethelwolf, and z other Brififli Ks. are faid to have been crowned here; and, it h faid, that Hen. IV. Emp. of Germa- ny, died and was buried here, after having lived a hermit here unknown for ic years. CHESTER, (Nertkatxp.) on the r. Nen, near Archefter and Wellingbo- rcugh, -has plain marks of a Reman fortification, or Barrow ; and Roman bricks, pavements, and coins, are often dug up here. {f^ 3 CHESTERFIFLD, (Darly.) the chief T. in Scarfdale, gm. from Bakewell, 106 cm. u6mm. from London, which ftands pleafantly on the fide of a hill, bet. 2 rivulets, the Ibber and Rother, was made a free Bor. by K. John, who gave it to Will. Briewer, his favourite. It had for- merly a mon. and gave title of E. to Philip, the noble anceftor of the Stanhopes in Nottingham/hire. 'Tis a handfcire, populous T. governed by a mayor and aid. and has a fair Ch. but its fpire, which is of timber covered with lead, is warped all awry. Here is a new, large Mt. place, well fup- plied with lead,grocery > mercery,malt, leather, ftockings, blankets, bedding, &c. in which it deals confiderably, net only over all the Peak, and in Cheinheand Lancafhire, but in York- /hire, Northampton/hire, Lincolnshire, Leicefterfhire, and London. Its Mt. is S, and Fairs Feb. 28, May 4, July 8, and Seft. 14. Here is a fr. fc. reckoned the rroft confiderable in the N. of England ; from whence many fludents are fent to the Us. particu- larly Cambridge. CHEST ER FIELD, (S/^jT".) en the Tame, is a little to the S. of Litch- field, where feveral antiquities have been lately dug up. CHESTERFORO, GREAT and LITTIE, (Efffx] to the N. E. of Walden, on the b. of Cambridgeshire. It lies near Ickleton and Strethal upcn the r. Cam. In 1719 here were dii- covered the veftigia of a R'^man city, the foundation of whofe walls appears quite round, though level with the ground, and takes in about 50 .-.ere?. Great C H C H Gitiat part of it ferves for a caufey to the London road, and the Crown-inn is built on it. In the N. W. end of the T. there is the foundation of a Roman temple ; and many Roman coins h ve been found in the Bor. field, as they term the old city ; whofe name, according to Dr. Stukeley, was Camboritum. Sir J;im. Berkley, who had this eftate by a daughter of Mow- bray, D. of Norfolk, built a fine houfe here, and gave th^ manor and rectory to Weftminfter-Abbey ; and here was once a chantiy ; but upon the Ref. K. Hen. VIII. granted it to Sir Mho. Audley, Ld. Chanc. from whom it defcended to Margaret, Dfs. of Nor- folk ; and from her to her fon Tho- mas, E. of Suffolk, whofe poiterity have a feat here. CHESTER IN THE STREET, (Dt/rtar/:) <; m. beyond that city, in the road to Berwick, ftands near the r. Were, almoft oppofite to Lumley- Caftle, and had a collegiate Ch. foun- ded by Anth. Beck, Bp. of Durham, for a dean, and 7 prebendaries. 'Tis the fourth ward T. of the Co. and the ancient feat of the Hcdworths, 'Tis old, and faid to have been here- toforea Roman colony ; and the Bp's. fee was tranflated from Lindisfern, and continued in it 113 years; bur, whatever was its grandeur then, it is now a poor, dirty pkice. On Chefter Weft Moor, in this neighbourhood, there are frequent horfe races. CHESTER- LITTLE, (Darby") on the Derwent, near Darby, was an- cientJy a city, though a fmall one ; but now it is a meer village, over- looked ' by Darby-Hill. 'Tis not doubted, butlt was heretofore inha- bited by the Romans, becaufe many of their coins of different metals have been found here. CHESTER-OVER, ( Wariu. ) a hamlet of Monks-Kirkby ; was in the Rs. of Edw. IIL and Rich. H. the in- heritance of the Lovets ; by whom it was afterwards conveyed to the Pure- foys of Church-Over ; and in the R. cf'Hcn. VI. Will. Purefoy and John Waver were certified to be Lets, of this manor ^ after which, in the fame R. we find it folely in the poileiiion of Hen. Waver, citizen and draper of London, who obtained a patent of that K. to rebuild his feat with turrets, and embattle it with walls; andtoen- c!ofe 5zoacres of land here forapark ; as alfo to have a court-leet, with free warren and fi/hing in all his domains. In the R. of Hen. VII. it came, by marriage of the heirefs, to Will. Brown, who built the gatehoule of timb"r, which was ftanding in 1640. Her grand Ton Edw. Brown fold it, in theR.of Hen. VIII. to SirFulkGre- vil ; frem whom it defcended toRc- bert, late Ld. Brooke. CHESTER TON, (Cj.'Ki.)nearCam- bridge, capital of its H. was formerly the manor and feat of the Bt-vi's. CHESTERTON, (Sfq/.]on the N. fide of Neweaftle under Lin3,is thought tj have been a place of note before the conqueft, and to have had walls, and a caftle. CHESTERTON, (Warto.} onthe S.W. fide of Southam, upon the foffe, a Roman way, where it had a fortifi - cation, is the ancient feat and manor of the Peitos. CHES w ic K,(M/ the Earls of Glocelrer, Warwick, the Co.- and the vicarage is worth and Bridgewater, and Ld. Spencer, 300 /. a year, but now of Sir Lewis Pollard. CHT WTON-MENDIP, (Sent.) a- CH EVER EL RJagna and Parva, mong Mendip-Hills, was, in the R. (Wits) near Lavington, formerly the of Hen. VI. theeftate of Ld. Bonvile, mancr of the Burnels, and fettled and now of Ld. Wa'dgrave, to whom afterwrrds by Lady Hungerford on it gives title of Baron. The Maps an hof. at Hitelbury. give it a Mt. CHEVIOT, (Nortbumb.) to the CHEYNEY, (Bucks) on the r. S. W. of Wcoller, en the b'. of Coin, 3 m. from Amerfham, be- Scotiand, is famous for the free longing of old to the Cheyneys ; chace, much ufed here by the Eng- but has been the manor and feat of lifli and Scots gentry, the property the Ruflels, (now Ds. of Bedford) of which was Ld. MeiniPs, in the R. for 200 years; John RufTel, who of Edw. III. The adjacent country was created Earl of Bedford by being hiiiy is called the Cheviot- Edw. VI. having obtained this eftate Hills, of which one is fo high, that by right of his lady, Anne the daugh- 'ds feen 60 m. off; and near the ter of Sir Guy Sapcote, and widow chace are fome fenny grounds, called of Sir John Broughton. the Cheviot-Moors. This is the 5^ CHI CHESTER, (&//*) 5ocm. Cheviot famous for the fierce en- 63 mm. from London, was the royal counter bet. the Englifh and Scots, feat of the South-Saxon Ks. and is under the Earls Piercy and Douglas, the See of a Bp. which was tran- w hich is celebrated in that excellent flated hither, in the Conqueror's time, ballad of Cbc-vy Cbace. from Selfey. Here are 5 Chs. be- CHEW Magna, (Som.) ftands on fides its Cathedral, which has been the r. Chew, bet. Keynfham and burnt twice, i-ix. anno 1114, and Wrinton ; End is called Biihop's- again in the R. of Pich. III. 'Tis Chew, becaufe it bel. once to the a neat compact T. with a wall and Bps. of Bath and Wells ; but one of 4 gates, anfwering to the 4 cardinal them, by licence from Edw. VI. winds, which give name to the conveyed it, with other domains in ftreets, that meet in the centre, the neighbourhood, to the Protester where the Mts. and Fairs are kept. (D. of Scmerfet) and his heirs, for This is a City and Co. of itfelf; and ever. That red bclus, called Redding, the corp. confifts of a mayor, re-- which is ufed for the marking of corder, aid. and C. C. without Ji- fheep, &c . is dug up here. In this mitation, snd 4 juftices of the peace, p. about I m. from Stanton-Drew, chofe out of the aid. Its Mfs. which is Bow-Ditch, fo called from its cir- are W. F. and S. are furnifhed with tujar form, which was a large camp plenty of provifions j and the Mt.- C H C H place is adorned with a mod ftately crofs. Irs Fairs are AJb-tTedn.'!- day, April 3, W'hitfon-Tuefday, St. Jair.iis-day, and Micbaelmat ; which laft holds 9 days, and is called Slow Fair. "Tis encompafled all round, except on the N. fide, by the r. La- vant ; which, tho' very low in the winter, when other rs. are full, yet is apt to overflow even in the mid ft of fummer, and is navigable at a little distance from the mouth of it, tho' not deep eno.tgh for a good haven : in it are bred the fineft lobfters in England. The Mt. oh 5. is noted efpecially for fiih, but much more for corn j fo that the toll for wheat, barley, malt and oats there, has fome time: amounted, at only an half-penny a quarter (meafure,) to 60 /. a year. Every W. fortnight, here is one of the greateft cattle Mts. in England. The chief mfs. here are malt and needles. The neighbouring farmers have granaries and mills, near the creek where the veflels come up, and fend their corn to London, by fea, in meal. Here is fome foreign trade, and a collector of the cuftoms, &c. at Dell key, a fmall harbour, about 4 m. from the fea, where vef- fels come in and go out, at high- water, with wheat, timber and coals, for London, and other ports on the coaft. A canal was dug here in the R. of K. James I. becaufe of the city's diftance from the haven. The Bp's. palace, the Cathedral, (which has the pictures of all the monarchs of England fince Cifia, and of all the Bps. ) and the prebendaries houfes, take up all the fpace bet. the W. and S. gates. The palace has been lately rebuilt; and, in Off. 1727, the workmen in the gardens found fome valuable ancient coins, and a curious piece of Roman pavement dedicated to Neptune and Minerva j a ftone was alfo dug up here, in 1723, denoting, that a temple was creeled here in the R. of Claudius Caefar. Here is a ch. fc. for 42 boys, and another for 20 girls. This city gives title of Earl to the D. of South- ampton and Cleveland. There ar ll-VL-ral houfes of the nobility near it, which have a delightful profpect of the fea, &c. and, as the city is healthfully fituate on a gravel,, within 3 m. of hills, there is very good hunting, courfmg, failing, lifting, ;?<.-. round about it, with all necef- faries for a pleafant lite. It was called CifiVs Ccfter, i. e. city ; be- cauie it was rebuilt by Cifla K. of the S. Saxons, after it had been burnt to the ground by certain Saxons and Norwejbns. There was once a caftle near the N. gate, which was the an- cient feat of the Earls of Arundel, who were thence ftiled Earls of Chi- chefter; but, long before the Rcf. it was converted to a mon. On the N. fide of this city is St. Roch's, commonly called RookVHill, where was formerly a chapel dedicated, as fuppofed, to that faint, who was pa- tron of the pilgrims. Here are ftill the marks of an old camp jam. and half to the W. are marks of another camp at Bo\v-H:ll, or Gonfhill ; and another on the fame fide, but nearer to the city, called the Brill : the laft is faid to have been Vefpafian's. CHIDDINGFOLD, (Surry] in the road from Chichefter, near Hafle- mere, is fuppofed to have been the manor of Sir Tho. St. Leger, in the R. of Edw. IV. becaufe he gave cer- tain lands here to the chantry of prierrs, which he founded, at St. George's Chapel afWindfor. In the R. of Q^ Eliz. here were no lefs than II glafs-houfes ; which, being petitioned againft by the neighbours as nufances, were put down. CmnicKE, (Dorfet.) near Char- moudi, and or> the jroad from Dor- chefter to Lyme, was anciently the Lp. of a family of the fame name, and lately of Sir John Beling. CHIDLE Y-MouNT, ( Som. ) on. the other fide of the Parret, oppofita to Bridgewater, which is fuppofed to have rofe from its ruins, was an- ciently the Lp. of the Montacutes. Some C H C H Some Roman coins have been found here. CHI G WELL, (Effex) bet. Wal- tbam-Abbey and Rumtcrd, was for- merly the eftate of Tho. de Gernon, and afterwards cf Tho. Elderton of London, when it had a chantry ; and here was a grange, which bel. to the abbey of Tiltey, but was given, by Hen. VIII. to Tho. Addington. The rec^cry and p. Ch. are united to the prebend of St. Pancras in St. Paul's London. Here is a ch. fc. Chigwell-Dews and Chigweli Row are 2, neighbouring hamlets. CHILDCOT, (Staff.) on the b. of Leicefterfhire, near Hogfnortcn, {lands on the r. Meefe, and is fo called, becaufe it was the eftate cf one Child, in the R. of Edw. III. after which, it appears to have been i.i the fam;;y of Chiidcot, till the nth of Rich. II. CHJLDERLEY, (Carr.b.) on the W. fide of Cambridge, where for- merly lived the Here's family ; from which it came to the Cults family, who held it a long time j but the late Ld. Cutts, an Irifh peer, fold it. CHILDRIY, (Berks) near Wan- tage, once the Lp. of Sir John Chiidicy, who divided it among his three daughters, or nieces, with whom it continued, till very lately, when it was in the hands of Sir Geo. Fettiplace, Sir Oliver Ayfhcomb, and Mr. Knight. The ridge-way, called Ickleton, part of the Roman Icknild - flreet, runs juft above this place. Here is a fr. fc. founded by Will. Fettiplace, Efq; CHILHAM, (Kent) N. of God- merfliam, not far from the r. Slower, is fuppofed to be the place where Julius Ca^far incamped, in his fecond expedition to Britain, and that from hence it was at firft called Julham, 7. e. Julius's houfe ; and bel. the T. there is a green barrow, called Jul- Laber, which is thought to be the grave of Laberius Dorus the tribune, v.ho was killed by the Brians, in the march of the Remans from that camp. Afterwards this came to be the feat of the Ks. of Kent j and it had a caftle, which Edw. II. granted, with the manor, to Ld. Badlefmere ; who forfeiting it to the crown, by treafon, it was given to David St'ra- bolgy, for his life only ; after which, Edw. III. granted it to the fc n of the faid Ld. Badlefmere ; from whofe family it went, by marriage, to the Ld. Rofs of Ka-rslake ; but was again foifeited to thticrcwn, by the treafon of his fon, and there remained, till Hen. VIII. granted it to Sir Thomas Cheyney j whofe fen, Henry Ld. Cheyney, fold it to Sir Tho. Kemp ; by whofe grand -daughter, it was- transferred, in 1636, to Sir Dudley Digss, mailer of the rol'.r, who erected a noble building on the ruins of the caftle ; and in his pofterity it did lately, if it does not ftil), remain. Hera was formerly a Mt. and a Fair is ftill kept here, 'Cci. 28. CHILLINGHAM.CASTLE, (Nor. thumb.) on the r. Till, near Aln- wick, was the feat of the Ld. Gray of Wark, and now of Ld. Tanker- ville. Here is a marble chimney- piece in the hall, with a hollow in the middle, wherein 'tis faid a toad was found alive, at the fawing of the {rone. CHILLINGTOJJ, (Ktr.t) not ,far from Maidftone, was formerly the demefne of the Lds. Cobham, and then of the Maplefdens ; who fold it, in the R. of Hen. VIII. to Sir Walter Henley j whofe brother Thomas fold it to Serjeant Barham j from whom it came to Mr. Hauls, CHILLINGTOK, (Staff.) to the S. W. of Breewood, bel. in the R. of K. Stephen, to Peter GifTard, a younger fon of the GitTards Ds. of- Buckingham, whofe pofterity have held it ever fince, unle.'s lately re- moved. It has been remarked of their feat here, that of its numerous win- dows fcarce two were nlike. CHILMARK, (Wilts) on the r. Nadder, near ChickJade, is a pleafant village. C H C H village, noted for quarries of good white ftone. CHILSTON, (Kftit] near Boclon- Malherb, formerly bel. to the Huf- feys, till it was fold to John Park- hurft 5 from whom it came, through feveral hands, to the Hales's. CHILTERN, a ridge of chalky hills, from Henley upon Thames to the N. thro' tr>_ middle of Bucks, to Tring in Hertfordshire, which Co. they divide from Bedfordfhire. CHIL TING TON, (Sufj'ex) ne?r W. Grinfted, was, in 'the R. of Edw. I. the eftate of the Ld. De la War ; and in that of Edw. III. cf Alan de Zouch j with whofe daugh- ter it went in marriage to Sir John Botitourt of Worceftedhire. CHIL TON, (Kent) near Sitting- bourn, be!, formerly to the Chiltons, and then to the Corbies ; from whom it pafled, in marriage, to Sir Nich. Wotton's family ; and from them, it came the fame way to the late Ld. Stanhope. CHILTON, (Kent') in the p. of Afli, near Sandwich, was once the feat of Will. Baude and his pofterity ; but pafled to Tho. Wolton, and then fixed in the Harfleets. E. of Ramfbury, in the road to Brif- tol, was a Lp. of the Foliots, in the R. of Will, the Conq. In that of Xdw. III. Gerard Ld. Line died feized of it, and left it to his only daughter and heir, the wife of Tho. Ld. Berk- ley ; but, after her death, it pafTed to Rich. Beauchamp Earl of War- wick, by his marriage with their only daughter : we find it, after this, in the hands of the Spenfers. CHIL VERSCOTON, (Warw.) on the S. fide of Nun-Eaton, was, in the R. of Edw. the Confeflbr, the Lp. of Fitz-Ralph Earl of Hereford, one of whofe defendants gave cer- tain lands in this p. to the Kts. Templars. It coming to the crown upon the Ref. it was purchased, in the R. of Q^Eliz. by Thomas D'A- bridgecourt, who gave it with his daughter to Will. Belcher, of Gillef- borcugh in Northamptonshire ; who fold it to Walter Giffard, of Chil- lington in Staffordibire, and was af- terwards fold to Rich. Chamberlain, Efq; Regifter of the court of wards. CHILWELL, (Nott.) 2 villages to the N. W. of Nottingham, where the Srrclleys held lands, from Hen. I. to Hen. VIII. after which they came to the Poutrells, whofe anceftor Thomas was one of the four coheirs of John Strelley, whofe anceftm-s held fome lands here in the R. of Edw. I. The widow Poutrell fold fome of the lands, on the S. fide of the Trent, to Mr. Will. Sacheverel of Barton, and granted the manor to Sir Henry Hunlakc of Derbyshire, her nephew, whofe anceftor was an owner hereabouts, in the R. of Hen. VIII. The Martels alfo had a manor here j which paffcd by heir- efles, to the Babingtons firft, and then to the Sheffields, fince Ds. of Buckingham ; and they fold it to the Poutrells, who thereby became Lds. of both manors. The lands here that bel. to Derley priory were granted to Hercules Witham and Francis Thekefton, and their heirs ; and the fiftiing in Trent to Robe.t and Hugh Thornhill, and their heirs. CHIL WORTH, (Sun-y) a hamlet of St. Nicholas p. in Guilford, tho' near 2 m. from it ; which has, for fome ages, been the Lp. of the Ran- dyls, by whofe encouragement the famous gun -powder mills, th: firft that were creeled in England, h'.ve all along been upheld, in a valley adjoining to it, full cf fpringp, that drive no lefs than 18 powder mills, which are farmed out to divers per- fons ; and the powder-makers here look like a commonwealth of ne- groes. Here are alfo many ponds, that abound with carp as bright and f\vcet as rivsr carp ; and Mr. Ran- dyl is faid to have the beft hop- gardens in England. Here is a Fa : r foe C II for 7 days before fr'icbadmai, for cattle, cheefe, fifli, &c. much re- forted to by the Londoners. ^= CHIMLEY, (Dewm.) on the r. 1 aw, near the midway from Exe- ter to Earnftaple, 148 cm. 184. mm. from London. A fr. fc. which was founded here by the Earl of Bedford, is long fince come to nothing. The Mt. is on Tb. and the Fair July 22. CHINGFORD, (E/ex] near Wood- ford, and net far from Epping-Foreft, is called in ancient writings Chingel- ford. This manor was, in the R. of Hen. III. the Lp. of Richard de Chiiham alias Dover, by the mar- riage of Rofe, daughter of Robert de Dover j but patted again, by mar- riage, to the Earl of Athol ; who forfeiting it by treafon, K. Edw. III. gave it to the Earl of Glocefter. It afterwards parted to Giles Ld. Bad- lefmere, and from him, by a daugh- ter, to William Ld. Roos of Kame- lake, \\hofe family enjoyed it for feme defcents ; till it paited, by mar- riage, to Robert, de Manners, anccftor of the Ds. of Rutland 5 and from him 'tis fuppofed the manor is called Earls-Chingford, tpdiftinguifli it from Chingferd St. Paul ; which was an- other manor here, given by Edward the Confef. to the Ch. of St. Paul Londcn. Here was lately the feat of Mr. Bocthby. CH INNER, (Oxford.) 2 m. N. of Stokenchurch, where the Roman way, called Ickeni Id-Street, enters this Co. was, in the R. of Hen. VI. the eftate of Feners Earl of Derby. CH ISNOC K, E. W. and Mi DD L E, (Som.) lie all together, bet. Crew- kerne and Yeovil. The two lair, were, intheR.ofEdw.IV.theLps. of Hum. Stafford Earl of Devon ; but paffed af- terwards by marriage to other families. At E. Chinnock there is a fait fpring, though 'tis 20 m. from the fea. CHIPCHASE, and its Hall, (Nor- tbumb.} on the N. Tyne, a member of the manor cf Prudhow, or Puidco, was formerly the Umfraviils, and Jisd a fort;. Thence it parted to the C H Herons, who reSded here a long time ; and it was lately the feat of Sir John Heron, Bt. as it is now of Sir Henry Heron. C H i p p E N H A M, (Camb.) near Newmarket, was the feat of Ruiiel late Earl of Orford, and now of tl,e Ld. Sandys ; and has a ch. fc. 3f. CHITPTENHAM, (Wiltt) has a bridge of 16 arches over the Avon, 77 cm. 94 mm. from Londcn, is a large, populous, well-built T. the feat of Alfred, and other W. Saxon Ks. After the Conqueft, it was the manor of the Hungerfords, as it was in the R. of Hen. VIII. tho' given by Rich. III. to the D. of Norfolk. 'Twas an ancient Bor. by prefcrip- tion j but the popifli Q^Mary granted it a charter, conftituting it a corp. with a bailiff and 12 bnrgefies. It has fent members to Pt. as long as any Bor. and with as few intermif- fions. Its chief mf. is cloth, but its main fuppcrt are its Mt. on 5, and its thoroughfare betw. Lcacoii and Brifbol, for carriers and horfemcn. One of ths Hungerfords, who is fuppofed to have creeled, or at leaft beauti- fied the Ch. built a chapel, in which he founded a chantry, by li- cence of Hen .VI. which is, to this day, called Hungerford's-Chapel. A ch. fc. was opened here in 1713, for 24 boys. At Weftmead, in the neighbourhood, are frequent hcrfe- races. The wardenfhip of Chippen- ham foreft was formerly given to Lcs. of the firft rank. The Fjirs here are May 6, June u, Gel. iS, EHu N.--J. 30. S^CHIPPING-NORTOX, (Oxf.) 59 cm. 76 mm. fr^m London, i fuppofed, from its name, a corrup- tion of the Saxon word Cheaper, to have been a Mt. in the time of Saxons, and, from the names of the merchants buried in its Ch. to have been once a T. of great trade. It fent burgefies to Pt. once in the R. of Edw. I. and twice in that of Edw. III. but never fince. 'Tis a corp. governed by 2 bailiffs, &c . who hear C H C H hear and determine actions under 4 /. which is fuppofed to have been a Roman coins are frequently found fence raifed by the Romans, from iu here ; and by the Ch. there are form, and their coins found here, marks of a caftle. Its Mt. is on W. CHIRBURY, (Salop) i m. N. E. Fair? Feb. 22, April 25, J"fy 7, of Montgomery, near the Severn, Aug. I and 24, Of}. 28, the lift F. was, in "the R. of Edw. III. the in May, and the W, before and after eltate of Mortimer Eirl of March j Midfunmer. The manor was for- but, for want of ifTue-male in that merly in the family of the Fitz-Alans family, pafTcd to Rich. D. of York. Earls of Arundel. In the R. of Here was a caftle, fuppofed to have Hen. VI. it was the Earl of Oxford's; be^n built by ^Ethelfieda, a lady of but being afterwards, forfeited to the crown, K. Edw. IV. gave it to hi the Mercians. Ever finca the R. of Cha. I. it has given title of Baron brother Rich. D. of Glofter. In or to the family of Herbert ; oniy, near this p, almoft within the fmoak for want of iffue, it lay dormant, of Long-Compton, is that ancient from the R. of K. James II. till his monument called Rollrich-Stones ; prefent Majefty conferred it on Henry as to which, we leave the curious to Arthur Herbert of Oakley- Park, now confult Camden and Dr. Plot. Here Earl of Powis, who has a feat here, was once a chantry, and, as Speed Here was once a mon. fays, a mon. On Chapel-Heath, near CHISLEHURST, (Kent} near it, are annual horfe-races. Eltham, in vvhcfe Ch. lies the fa- J^ 3 CHIPPING-ONGAR, (EJ/ex) mily of the Walfinghams, who re- 2.0 m. from London. It was for- fided in this p. for feveral genera- merly the manor of Rich. Lucy, tions ; and here Mr. Camden com- (Protedlor of England in the abfence pofcd the greateft part of his Annals of Hen. II. in Normandy) who built of Q-_Eliz. a Ch. and caftle here, to which he C H i T w o o D, or CHETWOOD, added fortifications, mod of which (Bucks] not far from Buckingham, are ftill to be feen 5 and procured a in the road from it to Oxford, had Mt. here, with a Fair. Here are formerly an hermitage, and after- 2 ch. fc. for 26 boys and 12 girls, wards a priory ; and was lately the The Mt. was formerly on Tu. now fe.it of Sir John Chetwocd. on S. The manor was alienated from CHIVING TON, E. and W. (Hsr- the Lucys, firft to Sir John Sutton tlamb.} near Widdrington -Caftle, for- of Wivenhce ; then to the Staftbrds, merly the manor of the Lds. Lumley. Morrices, Grevils and Whitmores ; CHOLMONDELEY, (Cbefi.) 301. and then to Tho. Goldfborough, Efq; from Malpas, to the N. E. gives who new-modelled, and even im- both name and title of Earl, as Mai- proved, the fine houfe, which Mr. pas does the title of Vifccunt to the James Morrice, Ld. of the manor in Earl of Cholmcndeiey ; it appears, the R. of Qj_Eliz. built upon the by deeds in his pofleiTion, that the hill, on the ruins of the caftle, which, name of it has been writ 25 different by reafon of its lofty fituntion and ways. The r. Weever is joined near pleafant walks, became one of the this place, by a Jtream irom Ccm- lineft feats in the Co. bermeer. CHIPPING-WARDEN, (North- ^ CHRISTCHURCH, (Ham^Jh.} amp.) on the r. Charwell, not far 80 cm. 100 mm. from London, is a from Banbury, in the road to Da- large populous Bor. at the confiux of ventrv, is fuppofed to have been anci- the Avon and Stour, and was there- ently a Mt. T. Wallow-Bank, at the fore anciently called Twinambourne, N. end of it, is an earthen rampire, Here w as a caftle built, in the R. whereof a fmail part ftill remains, of Hen. I. of which, in the R. of dw. C H TO C I Edw. IV. Thomas de Weft, anceftor of the Ld, Dclawar, was governor. There was alfo a collegiate Ch. here, firft built in the time of the Saxcns, then called Trinity, and afterwards Chrift -Church. This Bor. is go- verned by a mayor, aid. recorder, bailiffs, and C. C. and here are of- ficers employed to prevent fmuggling. *Tis faid to have had its firft grants and privileges, in the R. of K. Ste- phen, from Richard de Ridvers, the firft Earl of Devon, whofe portrai- ture is the T. feal. Its chief mf. is filk flocklngs and glo\es. The r. Avon, which falls here into the Tea, was made navigable to it from Saiif- bury, about anno 1680. Its Mt. is en M. and its Fairs 1b. fennight after Wbitftr.day, and Off, 6. > CKUDLEIGH, (De-van.} near the r. Teign, 146 cm. 182 mm. from London, is noted particularly for giving title of Barcn to the ruble family of Clifford, ever fince the R. of Cha. II. The Bps. of Exeter had a ftirr.ptucus feat here, before the Ref. it being built by one of them, in the R. of Edw. III. as his will fays, " That his fuccefibrs might "have a place to lay their heads in, " if the K. ihould fcize the tempo- " ralities," During their refidence here, they p rchafed it a Mt. on 5. and Fairs on Eaf:c,--M. Tn. and W. St. Barr.ckas, and St. Martin. CHURCHILL, (Scm.) to the S. W. of Wrintcn, is a chapel to Banweil. Its ancient Lds. the anctTtors of the L-.-.e victorious D. of Marlborough, took their name from it. (t^> C H U R C H -S T R E T T O K, (Saitj>) 112 cm. 130 mm. from Lon- don, 65 cm. 91 one half mm. from Brif.ol, in the rcsd to Weft-Chefler, has a good corn Mt. on T&. rnd Fairs Marti) 2 5, May 7, and Sept. S. # C ! R >. K c E s T E R , (Gloc -.) 63 cm. % 5 rrm. ficm Lcndcn, and 20 m. but bad road, from Lrnfcowr, is com- monly called Cicefier, and by feme reckoned the largr ft, as well as the cMeft, T. in the Co. 'Tis fa;d to have been huilt by Cifla, one of the Saxom vice-roys. It was of great note, both under the Romans and Saxcns, of whom it is faid, the latter built the abbey here, of which tv.o o:d gate-houfes ftill remain. Its abbot was mitred. K. Canute the Dane held a general council here, anno 1020 It was formerly 2 m. round, but fufFered fo much by the Danes, the B-icns wars, the civil war, &c. that not above one 4th of that com. is no%v inhabited. It had alfo 3 p. Chs. and now but one. 'Tis, how- ever. a poft T. and maintains a ilage-coach to London. It has its name from the r. Churn, that pafles by it towards the Thames, and the word Ceflre, i. e. caflle ; it having been fortified by the Remans, and is the Corinium of Ptolcmey, and the Durocornovium cf Antoninus. Two of the Roman confular ways crofs each other here, one of which is ftill vifible, with a high ridge as far as Birdlip-Hill ; the other nans to Crick- lads and Kewbury. K. Hen. III. took its caftie from the Barons, and dfmcL/hed it. Hen. IV. gave it a charter and feveral privileges, and Qi Eliz. in whofe R. it firft fent members to Pt. gave them another, by which it was incorporated, with a fleward and bail.ff; but 'tis now governed by 2 high-tor.ftables, and 14 wardfmen over the 7 wards, ap- pointed year'y at the court-ket. It has Mts. on M. for corn, and on F. one of the greateft in the Km. for wool, the principal rr.f. tha: is car- ried on here, there having been no lefs than 5000 packs brought hither in feme years, from Leicertcifnire, North, ropton/hire and Lincolnshire, and fold, for moft part, to the clo- thiers of this Co. and Wilts ; and the weeks before Palm-Sunday and BartbolaiHfw-day are confiderable Fairs for cloth. It has 3 other Fairs, Eaftcr-Tu. July 7, and Off. 28. It is obferved, that in this T. the firft aft of rebellion was committed in 1641, and that here was the firft blood C L C L Uood flied at the revolution in 1688. The Ch. has z8 windows of painted glafs, reprefenting fcripture hiftory, and the fathers, martyrs and perfecu- tors of the chriftian religion. The foundation of the old wall is vifible in many places j and antiquities, ef- pecially Roman, are dug up here every day, as was a fine.mofaic pavement in the year 1723, with many coins. K. Edvv. II. granted this manor to his brother Edmund of Woodftock; from whom it came to the Earls of Kent and D:\nby, the Seymours and Pools ; which laft fold it to Sir Ben. Bathurft, v hofe dafcendant, the prelent Ld. Ba- thurft, has a houfe here, that was built by the E. ofDanby. K. Rich. I. an- nexed the jurifdiclion of 7 Hs. to its abbey, which was lately veiled in Sir Rob. Atkins of Sapertcn. The fcite of the abbey was granted by Q^Eliz. to her phyfician Rich. Mailer, whofe cefcendantTho. Mafter, Efq; thepre- fent owner, has a fine houfe en the fpot. Here are feveral hofs. and zlmflis. befides a fr. fc. and ch. fc. CLACKTON, GREAT and LIT- TLE, [E/cx] to the E. of Merfey- liland, near St. Ofithe, formerly bel. to its abbey, and afterwards to the Lds. Darcy; from whom they def- ccnded to the Savages Es. of Rivers. The Bps. of London had once a houfe and park here. CLANDON-EAST, (Surry} lies to the N. E. of Guilford, about 22 m. from London ; and was anciently the ti: ite of Gerard, Ld. Aungier, of the Km. of Ireland, who had both a houfe and park here, and whofe family lies buried in the Ch. Weft-Clandon, about am. from Guilford, is the ma- nor of Ld. Onflow, whofe title is Ld. Onflow, of Onflow and Clandcn, and whofe feat is near the Ch. ^ The Ch. v^as fo old and decayed, that it fell dowu in 1716, but has been rebuilt Cnce by the panfhioners. (5 CLARE, (/.) on the r.Stour, 14 m. from St. Edmundfbury, 50 cm. 6 1 mm. from London, gives the title f Vifc. E. and Marng very duracle, if kept dry. In the Pr. of Wales, which was the late E. Ch.thaearezftEfjescf-t ; and there of Orkney's, who purchafed it of the have been carnrs of uhole ftone dug executors of Villars, D. of Bucking- p in theCh. yard, which fecm how- ham, by whcm it was built, evertooeoffiee-ftone. Thethiefbu- CL-IFF, (Kent) fituate on a cliff finefs here is their dairies.. below Gravefend ; formerly called Cj.EVELANtJ,j;?V*.N'.R.)onthe Bps. ClifF, or Clift" at Hoo, it being t. of Durham, is fometimes written in the bailiwic of Hoo. The manor Clitiland, from the many rocks and -bel. before the Ref. to the mon. of yrecipices in this tracl ; at the bot- Chrift-Church in Canterbury ; after uw of whith, the foil is ip fliff and vhi.ch K. Hen, VIII. difpcfe'd of it to Ceo. CL C " Geo. Brook, Ld. Cobham, in whofe family it remained in 1643. 'Tis a pretty large T. and has a Fair Off. 8. f^ CL l F F- Kl N G' s, (Nortbamf.) 59 tm. 7 1 m. from London, has a Mt. on TII. and a Fair Apr. 23. K. Hen. VIII. had a park here, of which he made David Cecil, Ld. Burghley's anceftor, keeper. CLIFT oti,(Nott.) near the Trent, S. W. of Nottingham, feat of Sir Gervafe Clifton j in whofe family it has remained above 600 years. CLIFTON, {Wtftm.} 3m. from Penrith, in the road from Shap, is noted for a fmart action in the late re- bellion ; wherein the rebels were drove out of their advantageous pofts here by the troops under the D. of Cumberland. Burton upon Trent, was, from the R. of K. John to Rich. II. the Lp. of the Canvils, then of the Stanleys ; and not long ago of the Henninghams. 'Tis now the feat of the Rev. Sir Rob. Pye, Bt. CLIFTON-MALBANK, (Dorfct.) on the r. Ivel, below Sherborn, op- pofite to Yeovil in Scmerfedhire, was formerly the manor and feat of the Malbanks ; from whom it defcended to the Horfeys, who fold it to the Heles j from whom it went afterwards, by purchafe, to the Harveys. CLIFTONS, N.andS. (Netting.) on the Trent, bet. Normr.nton and Tiiorney, had 5 manors, which were formerly in the families of Figgot and Willoughby; and in the R. of Q._ Eliz. came to Auguftin Earl, Efq. CLIPSTON, (Natt.). in the p. of Plumbtree, be!, anciently to the Bing- h.ims, and then to the Rempftons ; from whom it was purchafed by the Pierpoints, anceftors of the prefent D. of Kingfton. Here it was, that the K. of Scots met and congratulated K.. Rich. I. on his return from the Holy Land. CLIPSTON-KING'S, (Nstt.) in the p. Edeneftow, on the N. fide cf Lyndhurft-Wood, bet. Allerton and Mansfield, had a royal palace before the R. of K., John ; who made a park to it, which had many ftately oaks, that were cut down and fold in the civil wars ; and there is fcarce any re- mains, of the palace to be feen. K Cha. I. conveyed the manor to th feoftees of Gilbert E,of Shrwlburyj but it is now, or lately was, the Lp. of the D. of Newcaftle. Th T. was burnt, and repaired again, in the R of Hen. III. The huntfmen of this place, being denied pafture in the foil of the park, after it was inclofed, ha* common of pallure allowed them by K. Edw. III. in the K's- hay of Berkeland, for all forts of cattle, ex- cept goats j together with Fugeria and Folia, which the foreft boolc calls gorfte grafs and leaf in the faid park, paying 13*. 4 d. a year, CL isT-BisHOPS, or S-ACKVIL, Ci.isT-HoNiTON r CLIST-ST GEORGE, and CLIST-ST.-MAR v, (Devon.) are 4 villages on the E. and S. E. fide of Exeter, which take their name from the r. Clift. The firft was the eftate of Sir Ralph- Sackvillc j who, going to the Holy-Land, mort- gaged it to the Bp. of Exeter, who be- gan (lately buildings, and laid out fo much money on it, that he got it fct himfeif,and fuccefibrs ; one of whom, Bp. Veyfey, gave it to the E. of Bed* ford. Clift-St.-George, fo called from the dedication of its Ch. was of old the eftate of theChampernouns ; by a daughter of whom it came to Sir John Herle. In this p.. hath dwelt a family, called Suckbitch, ever fince the conqueft. Clift-St.Mary's, which lies bet. the z juA mentioned r is ther place where the Pt.-forces barricaded themfelves againft the royalifts, by laying great trees crofs the way, and planting ordnance,which they brought from Topfliam. CLIST-BROAH, is another village on the N. E. fide of Exeter j and be- yond it, in the fame line, are St.- Lawrence Clift and Clift-Heydon, juft by one another. At the latter is a ch. fc. This was the manor of the late Fian. Hewilh, Efq. M 2, #CLi. C L TO C O ift CtrTMrRO, (Lane.} 158 cm. 307 mm. from London, ftands with its ruinous caftle, built by the Lacys, tt the bottom of Pendie-Hill, near the fource of the Kibble. "Tis nn an- sient Bor. by prefcription, but has fe ireral charters from K. Hen. II. and ethers j and is governed by 2 bailiffs. On the adjacent Moor are frequent horfe-races. It has n Mt. on 5. and Fairs Mar. 25, July 2;, and AW. 1 1. CLOPTON, (War.} on the N. fide of Stratford upon Avon, of which it v.'as originally a member, Was inha- bited by the Cloptons before they firft owned it, which was in the R. cf Hen. III. In the laft century, it carne to 2 fifters, ccheireffes ; one of whom \vss married to Sir Geo. Care vv. whom K. Jam. I. created baron Carew of Clopton. Here was formerly a colle- giats Ch. and the college is ftill ftand- ing ; in the chancel whereof lies the famous Will. Shakefpear, who has immortalized fcis memory by his 48 plays. CLOVELLY, (Devon.") on the E. fide of Hartland-Point, a harbour the mcft noted in thefe parts for the her- ring fi/hery. 'Tis fecured by a pier, creeled by Geo. Cary, Efq; whofe fa- mily have had their feat here ever iince the R. of K. Rich. II. when Sir John Cary bought the manor of the heirs cf the Giffards. CLUN, (Salop) which takes its name from its r. Colun, ftands on the S. fide of Bifhcps-Caftle ; and bel. formerly to theFitz-Alans, afterwards Es. of Arundel, and Lds. of the Mar- ches ; one of whom built a caftle here, to awe the Welfli. Here was for- merly a chantry. COATES, (dec.') a hamlet of Wlnchcomb, to whofe abbey it for- merly bel. but was lately the efiate of Mr. o. binfon of Chefhunt in Hart- fori fhire. COBHAM, orCnnBHAM, (Surry) 4m. S. from Windfcr, on a rivulet that run? from Bag/hot to the Thames, near Chertfey. The manor, which eonfifts of 500 acres, bei. foj rnerly to its abbey ; but was purchafed by K. Hen. VlIIi and, with feme other lands, turned into a park. Hif d.iiivh- ter, Q._M3ry, fold it for 3000 !. to Or. Heath, Abp. of York ; after whr^ death, it pa(Fed to his neareft kinf- iT>an Tho. Hfaih. Hew long he kept it, we know nrt ; nor how it carrte into the hands of K. Jam. I. who granted it to the family ot Zcurh. Tf-e reverfion of if, bfir.g in the irrvn, was, by K.Ch. II. gmr'evi to the D f *. of Cleveland, and her ifl\:e by him ; but it was, fome year? ago, the- efts'* of Sir Frnr. Lev. At the mv.nr.r- houfe, whicl; ftrnds inC<-Mi?m-P=rk, there was a chapel, in thr tii-.f of the abovementiorted Abp. The pnrifnlo- ners pay no tithe -hay, but a cotrri fi- tion only of I d the D. of Kingfton keeps a court here ; and it war lately, if it be not ftill, the refidence of the Whites, Q-_Mary having granted the manor to Tho. White and his heirs. CODNOR-CAST.LB, (Derby.) on the r.-Erwafli, near Alfreton, bel. formerly to the Grays, who were, from thence ftiled Lds. Gray of Cod. nor. COTJSAL, (Staff.) on the b. of Shropshire, near the royal oak, is noted for a fulphurous well, with a mixture of fait, whofe water was an- ciently counted a fovereign remedy for leprofies, and is ufed at prefent, both by man and beaft^ againft cu- taneous difeafes ; fo that many of the inh..boil their meat and brew with it. COG EN HO o, (NortLamp.) on the E, fide of Clifford-Hill, where have M 3 been c o feren found feme Roman coins, and n family urn. COGGES, (Oxford] nearWitney, the head of the barony of the D' Ar- fies, who founded a mon. here ; after which, it came to Francis Ld. Lovel, who forfeited it to the crown by high-treafon, in the R. of Hen. VII. (E^COG G ES H A L L, (.E^I*) 36 cm. 47 mm. from London, ftands on the r. Blackwater, where is a mf. of bays and fays ; but not near fo con- fiderable as formerly , when one Guyon, that lies under a marble tomb in th iCh. got 100,000 /. by it. Her . i:a Mt. on 5. and Fair on mitfan-Tu. and W. A family of the fame name flourifhed here once, of which feveral were Sheriffs of Ef- fex and Hertford/hire, and from which defcended the Tyrrels. At Li T TLE-COGGE S MALI, S. E. of the former, but on the other fide of the r. K. Stephen founded an abbey, the fire of which, K. Hen. VIII. gave to Sir Tho. Seymour. This was once a diftindt p. till united to the former. COKENEY, (Nott.) on the S. fide rf Welbeck-Abbey, formerly bel. to the Faukonbergs, who held this ma- nor by ferjeanty, to fhce the K's. horfe when he came to Mansfield, and procured a Mt. and Fair here, long fince difufed. He fettled the manor upon Welbeck-Abbey ; but, at the Ref. it was fold by the crown, with all its hamlets, to Sir George Pierpoint, whofe poiterity the Ds. of Kingfton have enjoyed it ever fince. COKEN-HATCH, (Hertf.) in the p. and manor of Barkway, which bel. formerly to the mon. of Roy- 4cn, but was granted by Hen. VIH. to Edw. Chefter, Efq; and his heirs. Cot AN-LiTTLE, (Cornwall) a- jnong hills to the S. E. of Columb- Minor, and S. W. of Columb-Major, is alfo called St. Colon, and noted for our Lady of Nants well, to which people ufed to go to know their for- tunes the year enfuing> C O %. COI.CHZSTER, (Efll'z} -13 cm, 58 mm. from I.ondon, is a large po- pilous T. thro 1 which runs the r. Coin, that alfo encompafies it on the N. and E. fides, has 3 bridges over it, and is navigable, by fmall craft, up to the Hithe, where is a kay, and for /hips of large burden to a place within 3m. of it, where is a cuftom-houfe, and a little lower it may receive a royal navy. 'Tis prin- cipally noted for the mf. of bays and fays ; for the fupport of which, there is a corp. called the governors of Dutch-bay-hall, and officers to exa- mine it ;' and 'tis faid to have re- turned 30,000 /. a week, ready mo- ney, formerly, for thole fluffs. Here is a Guild, or, as they call it, a Moot-hall, to which joins the T. gaol. The place is about 3 m. ia com. had anciently 15 and now 10 p. Chs. 5 meeting-nouies, of which 2, are for Quakers, befides a Dutch ?nd a French Ch. 'Tis governed by a mayor, high-fteward, recorder, or his deputy, ii aid. a chamberlain, T. clerk, 18 afiifhnts, and 18 C. C. It is a liberty of itfelf, which has 4 wards, 8 ps. within the walls, and 8 without, and extends along the r. as far as Merfey-Iiland, and certain marks in the fca. It had anciently a caftle, built by Edward the fon of K. Alfred, and walls all round, of which there are few marks left. It had once many religious houfes, which had Chs. and chapels, bel. to them ; particularly an abbey, (whereof only part of the gate-houfe remains) whofe abbots fat in Pt. and about 1 50 years ago, it was the See of a Bp. It fuftained a long fiege by the Pt. army, in the civil wars, tilt it was reduced by famine : the bat- tered walls, breaches in the turrets, andtheruin'dChs.ftillfhew the marks of the fiege. In the R. cf K. Cha. I. it gave title of Vifc. to the Earl of Rivers. From the abundance of coins found here, *tis fuppofed to have been anciently a Roman colony ; and there was a military way that c o c o led from hence by Braintres, Dun- mow, fiff. There is a particular corp. here for maintaining the poor, conlifting of the mayor and aid. and 48 guardians. Here are 2 gramnvir- fcs. and z ch. fcs. befides a wcrk- hon'e for the poor. Such a vaft quantity of fprats are caught, and confumed by the woollen manufac- turers in thofe parts, that they are called the weavers beef of Cokhefter. In the T. and its liberty are reckon' d 40,000 people. The Mts. here are on W. F. and 5. and the Fairs June 24, July 22, Of}. 9 or 13, This place is faid to have given birth to Helena, the mother of Conftantine the Great, ?nd Lucius the firft Chrif- tian K. and, in memory of the crofs fhs found here, the arms of the T. is a crofs enragled bet. 4 crowns. The founder of the abbey here built St. Mary Magdalen's hof. on the S. E. fide of the T. within its wall?, fir lepers. It muft not be omitted, that this place is of fpecial note for candying eringo mots ; but much more for its oyfters, which being t iken at the mouth of the Cokhefter water, and about the fand which they call the Spits, are carried up to Wyvenhoe, where they are laid in beds, or pits, on the ihore, to feed, as they call it, and then, being bar- relled up, are brought to Cokhefter, from whence they are fent in great quantities to London, &c. B^COLEBROOK, (Buck;} 15 cm. >8 mm. from London, ftands on four channels of the r. Coin, with a bridge over each. Its principal fupport are its great inns on the Bath road. The Mt. is on W. and- Fair the 3d week in April. Here is a ch. fc. and the chapel is ftill in being, faid to have been founded by Edw. HI. in which there was a chantry. Part of this T. is in Middlefex. 5^ > Coi.s:sHiLi.,(#'drw.) 82 cm. 103 mm. from London, ftands on the afcent of a hill near the r. Cole, over which it lias a ftone bridge. The saanor be!, anciently to the Clintons, from whofe family it came to fhe Montfcrts ; one of whom forfeiting it, and being executed, in the R. of EtUv. IV. it was given by that K. ta Simon Digby, whole defcendan r , Ro- bert Ld. Digby, obtained a charter of K. James I. for a Mt. here on W. and Fairs on April 2$, and Sept. i.i, its Mt. on Sunday, and its Fair June 2-9, that were granted by K. in, having been difcontinued. re are z ch. fcs. and a piece of land in the p. called Pater- nofter- piece, given by one of the Digbys, to encourage children to learn the Lord's Prayer ; for every houfe-keeper in the T. where is a child, fends it in turn, one at a time, every morning to the Ch. at the found of a bci) r where kneeling, he fays the Lord's Prayer before the under-mafter, who rewards it with a penny. The Digbys old feat and park, thro' which the r, ferpentizes, lies in the valley ; ft> that the fituation of it is bad in the winter, but charming in the fiim- mer. otFORD, orCovt^D, (Ghc.) near Monmouth, in the road to Gloucester, 98 cm. 121 mm. from London, has a chapel of eafe to New- land, a Mt. on F. and Fairs on June 9 and Nov. zo, and a ch. fc. CoLHAM, Or COLLON-GPF.KK, (Midd.} near Hayes, is aifo called Colnham, from its fituatirn near a branch of the r. Coin. The rnarsrr did bel. to the Stranges, from whom it pafled to the Earls of Derby. K. Hen. VIII. fettled fome tithei here on Chnit-Church Oxford. COI.LERFORD, (Nortbutnl.} near Walwick, where the N. Tyne pafles under a bridge of feveral arches in the Picls-wall. Here was found, not many years ago, a Roman altar.. COLLERTON, Or COLEOVER. TON, (Leic.) totheN.E. of Afhby de la Zouch, is noted for a mineral well, and plenty of pit-coal, whofe mines burnt for many years together, in the R. of Hen. VIII. till the fulphurous and bituminous matter, v.hkk CO CO vhich fed the flame, \vas fpent. It the '"-ral-pJace of the Vere?, is in ancie.itly bel. to the Quartermerlhes, old writings called Great Coin ; and. and then to the Maurewards, by it had formerly a priory, founded. \vhofe heir, it was transferred, in the by Aubrey de Vere. It was, not long. R. of Hen. VI. to the Bcaumonts ; ago, the feat of Mrs. Andrews and and 'tis now the feat of Sir George Ivlr. Creiiher ; and Colne-White was Beaumont, their defcenJant. the feat of John London, Efq; COLLINGHAM, (York, W. R.) COLNEY, (Hsnf.) .3. from St. near Wetherby, was let formerly to Alban's, in the r COLNE, (Lane.) 153 cm. Tiverton, has a woollen mf. and the 199 mm. from London, lies net far manor is held of the D. and C. of from Pendle-Hill, on the E. hde of Exeter, by a renewable leafe of 1 500 /. the Co. and rppears to have been very a year rack-rent, all in one p. ancien f , if not a Roman ftation, {3r> COLUMBTON, (De-v.) J2rru from the many coins, both of copper N. E. of Exeter, 134 cm. i66mm. and filver, that have been caft up W. from London, is the fceft T. on here by the plough. Here is a Mt. the r. Columb, from whence it has on PP. and Fair July 21. its name. The manor bel. formerly COLNE-EARLS and COLNE-EN- to th abbey of Buckland in this Co. GAME,Cot.NE-WAXEandCoLNi- but after the Ref. to Sir John St. WHITE, (Ejjfx) ftand bet. Col- Leger, who fold it to T. Ril'don, Efqj chefter and Halted, on the r. Coin, The Ch. has a curious rich gilded and are d'ftinguifhed from one ai- rood-loft, which is ftill preferved as ether, by the names of their refpec- an ornament, tho' the image wor- tive Lds. in former day;, as the Veres Shipped in days of popery be removed. Earls of Oxford, Mr. Wake, Mr. Here were alfo feveral chantries. It White, and Mr. Engame ; but the has a Mt. on S. and a Fair on May- firft, being the moft coniiderable, and day ; ajid the woollen is its chief mf. 7 COL- c o c o CotvAT.t, (Hfrcf.) bet. Lidbury 3rd tho Malvern-Hii:-;. A geld co- ronet fet with diamonds was dug op here formerly, by a countryman, who, not knowing the worth of it, fold it for 31 /. to a goldfmith at Oloucefter, who be ; ng as ignorant of the value of the (rones, as the pea- I'-tnt was of the gold, fold it for a iO /. to a jeweller of London, who m.He 1 500 '/. of it. Coi.wAi.t, (NtrttMnb.) in the p. of Cliollcrton, within 2 m. of Coal, formerly bel. to the Herons. Here is a farm of 700 acres, noted for fattening cattle and fheep. COL WICK, (N::t.) Upper and Iv)wer, on the r. Trent, z or 3 m. P.. of Nottingham. The fiift bcl. formerly to the Peverels, then to the Col wicks and Byrons. Lower Col- wick bel. formerly to the families of Nevns and Slory ; but was after- \tfards purchafed by Sir John Byron, who having got both manors, fold them to Sir James Stonehoufe ; but, by reafon of the civil wars, never got much above half the purchafe money. Since the Reftoration the Ld Byron has recovered feme fmall part of them, and confirmed the title of Sir John Mufters to the reft. COMB, (Gloc.) an hamlet of Wot- ton-under-Edge, bel. once to Eurd- ffcy abbey, Worcefterfhire j but was granted, 'in the R. of Edw. VI. to Tho. Smith ; from whom it after- wards pafTed to the Davis's, as it has from them fince to other families. ^> COMB-MARTIN, (Devon.) on the Briftol-Channel, 149 cm. 184 mm. from London, was, for a good while, the Lp. of the Martins, defcended from Martin of Tourr, a Norman Ld. who had great poffef- fions here in the R. of Hen. I. Here is a cove for the landing of boats. The adjacent foil not only produces plenty of the beft hemp in the coun- try, but has been famous for mines of tin and lead ; the ktter of which being found, in the R. of Edw. I. to have feme veins of fiJver, 337 men were brought from Derby/hire "t* work them ; and the produce was of great fervice to R. Edw. III. in his war with France. Neverthelefs, they were neglefted till the R. of Q^ E!iz. when Sir Beavis Bulmer, a virtuofo in refining metals, got great quantities of filver from them, of which he caufed 2 cups to be made, ?nci prefented the one to the Eail of Br.th, and the other, probably the Iraft, which weighed 137 ounces, to Sir Rich. Martin lord-mayor of Lon- don. A new addit has been lately dug here, which coft 5000 /. but the mines have not been wrought f.nce. This manor delcended from. the Martins to the Lds. Auiiley, i'rorn whom, for want of iffue-male, it went to the crown ; and K. Hen. VIII. gave it to Sir Richard Pollard, fon of iudge Pollard, whofe pofterity fold it to the Hancocks, who procured it a Mt. on Tu, and Fair on Whit^n-M. CoMB-NEviL,(.Sa/Ty)inthep.of Kingfton upon Thames, is a feat that bel. formerly to Nevil (the King- maker) Earl of Warwick. The pre- fent houfe, which ftands in its park, was built by Sir Vincent, from whom it pafled to Sir William Coc- kayne ; but was laft the eftate of Will. Harvey, Efq; deceafed, by inheri- " tance from Sir Dan. Harvey. Nearthii houfe are certain fprings, whofe water is conveyed in leaden pipes under the road, the lands, and even the Thames, to Hampton-Court, which is 3 m. COMBERFORD, (Staff.) in the p. of Wiggington, on the E. fide of the Tame, long the feat and eftate of an ancient and profperous family of the fame name ; who, as Dr. Plot fays, are always forewarned of the deceafe cf any one of it, by three knocks at Comberford-Hall, be the party ever fodiftant. K. Hen. VIII. fettled a fee-farm rent of 39 /. a year out of this man. and Wiggington, on Chrift- church Coll. Oxford. COMBWELL, (Kent.") a manor in in the p. of Gocdhurft, where was once c o c o wire an abbey, which K, Hen. VIII. gave to Sir John Gage ; whofe fuc- ceffbr fold it to Mr. Colepeper j who conveyed it to Mr. Campion j in whofe heir it is, or was lately. K. Hen. III. granted the prior a Fair on St. Mary Magdakns and the day after. COMPTON, (Staff.} in the p. of Kinfare, near Wolverhampton, in the road to Bridgenorth ; which was in the pofTeflion of the Horewoods from the R. of Edw. IV. to the year 1597, if not later. About the man- fion-houle is a fine park. COMPTON, (Suffex) to the N. W. of Chichefter, on the b. of Kamp- ftire, bel. to the Ld. Delawar, till he exchanged it with Hen. VIII. for the abbey of Wherweli. COMPTON-ABDAI., (G/ac.) on the r. Coin, near Hampnet, bel. to the See of York, from the Conqueft to the R. cf Edw. VI. who gave it to Sir The. Chamberlain ; but his heirs felling it to Sir Rich. Grubham, of Wifliford in Wilts, it came to Sir John How his nephew j whofe great- grandfon, the Ld. Chedworth, is the prefent owner of it ; who has a fine fest hete, with the r. running thro' his gardens, and a great -park ad- jacent. COMPTON-BASSET, (Wilts) to the N. E. of Calne, bel. anciently to the nafiets family, and now to Will. Northey, Efq; CoMFTON-DuNDO, (Scm. ) on the N. fide of Somcrton, had a char- ter, in the R. of Edw. II. for a Mt. ^on Tu. and a Fair on St. Mary Mag- Jatiti's, ( fmce difufed ) and bel. in that R. to the Bcauchamps. This is fuppofed to be theCompton-Daune, mentioned in old records as the eftate of the Lds. Burnel ; which pafied by marriage to the family of Sir John Handloe. Co.MPTON-HALL, Or FEKNY, (I7arw.} feat cf the Earl of North- ampton, 4 m. from Banbury, and near Wormleighton, had ancient 1 y a \:nevard in it, and is thereto' v . times ftiled Compton-Winegate. It bel. to the Cornptons, even before. the R. of Edw. I. one ot which fa- mily, vix. William, in the R. of Hen. VIII. who made him Ld. Chan. of Ireland, as he had been his page in the R. of his father, built a fair houfe here, with a chapel, and added a large park to it, for the ufc of him- felf and his heirs for ever, as 'tis faid in the patent, wherein 'tis called Com pton- Inferior, orCompton-Vir.e- yard. This hcufe was garrifon'd for the Pt. in 1646, at which time it was totally demolished ; but was re- built in 1665, by James, that Earl of Northampton who was conftablc of the Towe'r. Compton-Abdale ; feat of Sir Will. Juxton, Bt. which his uncle Dr. Jux- ton (afterwards Abp. of Canterbury) purchafed during the Ufurpation. COMPTON-LONG, (Wariu. } on the b. of Oxfordshire, is called Comp- ton in the Hole j becaule fituate in a deep valley, on the N. fide of th Stour, as it is Long-Compton, from its figure. It had formerly a Mt. on M. and a Fair on St. Peter's, and bel. in 1640, to the Earl of North- ampton. COMPTON. MARDOCK, (J^zrw.) 2 m. from Kington, bel. anciently to a family of the fame name, till it was conveyed to K. Ed-.v. Ill's con- cubine, Alice Perers ; by whom it came in marriage to Sir Will. Wind - for ; whofe e'dtft daughter carried it alfo in marriage to Rob. Skerne, in the R. of Hen. VI ; but, in the fame R. Rich. Verney, Efqj was pofieficd of it, and built a great part of the manor hcufe, as it now ftands, and is the feat of his descendant, Ld. Willougby of Brook. CONGERS BUR y, ( Som. ) under Mendip-Hills, to the N. The mayor and aid. of Briftol, as governors of Q^Eli/aboth's hof. are patrons of its id the D. and C. of Wells pro. prictcr, c o c o fc5 CONGLETON, (Cbcjb.} IJJ tm. 1 57 mm. from London, is a handfome old T. near the b. of Staf- fordlliire, watered on all fides by the r. Dan, the brook Howtey, and the Da- ningfchow. 'Tis governed by a may- or, and 6 aid. and noted for a trade in leather gloves, purfes, and points. It has 2 Chs. though Aftbury has the mother Ch._ Iis Mt. is on S. and Fairs May -day, J^!y 2, and Seff.zi. CONINCTON, (Hunt.) near Stil- ton, at the head of the r. which forms r'!-Meer, Brick-Meer., and Whittle- fcy-Meer, has the plain relicks of an olil caftie ; and is the feat of Sir John Cotton, Bt. whofe anceftor Sir Ro- bert, founder of the Cotton library, ordered a pool to be dug juft by this T. wherein was found the ficeleton of a fi(h, near zo foot long, lying in per- fect, filt, above 6 foot below the fur- face of the ground, and as much above the level of the fenns. CONISBURGH, (TarL W. R.) en the S.W. fide of Doncafter,has the out- walls of an old caftie, to which Hen- gift, the Saxon general, is faid to have retired, after being routed by Auvelius Ambroinis ; and near which, it is alfo faid, he was buried. CONST ANTINE, (Corn.} on a hill among tin works, bet. Helfton and Falmouth. Near its Ch. where once flood a crofs, as it is faid, a buff' bag was found full of filver pieces, fome of K. Arthur's coin, and fome of K. Canute's. COOKRIDGE, (fork. W. R.) in the road from Ilkley to Addle, has Black-Hill in it, where many Roman coins have been dug up. CopGRAvt, '(York. W. R.) bet. Krcrefboiough and Boroughbridge, is noted for an epitaph on John Win- cupp ; which mews, that hs was rrctor of its Ch. 54 years (during which he boarded and taught many of the gentry ;) that ht- never was plain- tiff, nor defendant } and lived 52 years with his wife, by whom he had 6 children, out of which, not one died in all that time 5 and that he was the firft of his family who departed this life, in 1637, atat. 86. COPSTON, Magna & Parva. (War.} to the S.E. of Nun-Eaton, on the b. of I^icefterfhire, bel. for- merly to the Carthufian mon. in the ifle of Axhoim. COPT -HALL, (Effix) bet. Epping and the Foreft, being built on a rife above Waltham- Abbey, isfeena great way. It was formerly the feat of the Fitr-Auchers, once a great family in Kent j and afterwards of Sir Tho. Heneage, Kt. who brought it to great perfection. It was once aifo the feat of the E. of Dorfet; and now is Sir Tho, Webfter's. Co oju E T -Is LE,'(Nortt.. ) bet. Seaton and Aylmouth, which takes name from the r. had anciently both a caftie and mon. but the foil i. c fo bar- ren, that, except a few hutts for the diggers of fea-coal, it has only one houfe. Such flocks of wild fowl con- tinually harbour here, thr.t fumetimes it is impoffible to walk far on it, without treading on their eggs, which the fifhermen fell to the neighbour- hood ; but the air, by reafon of the ficquent fogs here, is very unhealthy j and it is often troubled with ftorms. CORBRIDGE, (Nortbumb.} near Hexham in the road from Newcaftle, on the N. fide of the Tine, over which it has a bridge. The manor was formerly the Piercys ; and h?s the ruins of fo many ancient building?, as mew it to have been a large place. Several large teeth and bones found here are fuppofed to be thofe of oxen facrificed to Hercules, whofe altar was difcovered here fome years ago. Cos BY, (Cutnb.} near the r. Eden, oppofite to Wetherall, 4m. S. E. of Carlifle, hnd formerly a caftie of the family of Salkelds; has been a gentle- man's feat, ever fince the conqucft j and is now the feat of the Hon. Cha. Howard, Efq; who has a pleafant grand houfe here, built on a rock ; out of which feverai of the rooms are hewn. c o c o fc^" COREY, (Line.} in the road from Market-Deeping to Grantham, 77 cm. 90 mm. from London, has a Mt. on W. but very little trade, and Fail sslug. 1 5 and zg j and one for cattle cn^. mEafcr-W. Ithasafchool,en- dowed for the deceafed minifter's fens. COBBY, (Nortbanf.) bet. Ket- tering and King's-Cliff, bel. in K. John's R. to the Braybrocs ; in that of Rich. II. to Ld. Willoughby of Erefby } and then to Nevil, Ld, Latlmer. % CORFE-CASTLE, (Dorfet.) in the middle of the Ifle of Purbeck, 93 cm. Ii6mm. from London, has its name from a caftle, fuppofed to have been built by K. Edgar, who kept his court here ; and it being a royal de- incfne, great privileges have bsen granted to it by him, and others of our monarchs. It has a large lofty Ch. which is a royal peculiar, exempt from epifcopal jurifdiclicn, or vifitn- tion. It was a Bor. by prefcription ; but incorporated by Q^ Eliz. and af- terwards by Cha. II. with the ftile of mayor and tarons, having the fame privileges, as the Cinque-Ports ; and this, in particular, that the chief numbers, efpecially thofe who have been mayors, are called barons. The mayor, as is alfo his predeceflor, is a juftice of peace, can hold feifions, choofe coroners for life, counfellors, ale-tafters, &c. which were privile- ges granted by K. Cha. I. as a reward lor the noble defence the caflle made for him. This manor was granted by Edw. VI. to his uncle the D. of So- tnerfet j on \vhofe attainder, it re- verted to the crown ; but Q-JEliz. dif- pofed of it to Chr. Hatton, Efq; to whofe intereft, it is faid, this T. is indebted, for the privilege of fending members to Pt. In the R. of Cha. I. it was fold to Ld. Ch. Juft. Banks, who repaired the caftle, and made it a garrifon for the K. but it was be- trayed to the Pt's. f .rces, who de- mcWhed it. It appears, that the cir- cumference was near half a mile, by the ruins of the walls, which, ftand- ing on an high eminence, are vifibk a great way. Here i? a Mt. on T&. and Fairs en May-day and St. Lukis- day. COR t IE, (War.} on theN. fide of Coventry, was anciently in the hands cf the Haitings; and in the R. of Edw. IV. bel. to the Charrpernoor.s, \vhofe arms are in the N. window of its Ch. from whom it pailcd, by marriage, to the Willoughbys of Brook ; and from them to the Gre- vills. CORKBURY, (Oxf.) 5 rn. from Woodftock, was the feat and eftate of Henry Danvers, E. of Danby ; but foon after the Reft, that of Edw. Hide, E. of Clarendon, who took hit tide of Vifc. from it, as has theeldeft fon of the family ever /ince. Part of the park here was a coney -warren before it was dcftroyed by the Earl of Clarendon. In a pit, not far from the lodge, there is a fpring of a vitriol kind. CORNWORTHY, (De-vsn.} bet. Dartmouth and Torbay, had a priory formerly, founded by the Eiigeccr: - - ; and bought at the Diff. by Mr. Har- ris, father of Sir Tho. Harris, fcrjeant at law, CORHIXGHAM, (EJJtx] not far from the Thames, btt. Tilbury- Fort and Canvey-Ifland, is a manor, of which the ancient family of theBaulcis, or Bauds, were Lds. as well as patrons of the Ch. appendar.t to it, above 300 years 5 and had a park bel. to their feat, from which they furnifhed the D. and Ch. of St. Paul's, London, with a doe on St. Pjul's-day, and a buck on St. PeUr's and Paul's, that were cftered with great ceremony at the high altar on thofe fdlivals, in ccn- fideration of zz acres of land, granted by the Chapter, to be inclofed in the park. Samuel, better known by the name of Julian Johnfon, was reitor of this p. CORSHAM-CASTLE, (Salop] bet. Akaflon and St. Margaret's-Clee, is called Corvefliam, becaufe it (lands on the r. Corve. This manor was given by c o c o by Hen. II. to Walter, U. Clifford ; and went afterwards, by marriage, to Sir John Giffard of Brimsfield. CORSTON, (Wilts) on the S. fide of Malmfbur.y, was alfo the Lp. of the Giffard family, till, on the forfeiture of it by John Ld, Giftard, it was given by Edw. III. to Thomas Ld. Berkley ; but Reginald Ld. Cob- ham died poflsiTcd of it, in the R. of Hen. IV. and left it to his heirs. CORTON, (Dcrfct,) bet. Wcy- mouth and Dorcheftcr, had formerly a chantry, and bel. to Ld. Berkley of Stratton. COR TON, (Son.) near Sherborn, in the read from London ; near which, not 30 year's ago, fome labourers dug up a Roman urn, in which were near 2 quarts or Roman coins. COSKORD, (War-ai.) on the N. fide of Rugby, is a member of New- bold, which, in the R. of Hen. II. beJ. to the Stutevils. Part of it bel. afterwards to the mon. of Pipewell ; which, after the DifT. Eow. VI. granted to John Green of Weftmin- Tier, and Ralph Hall of London frri- vener, and their heirs. The former diensted it, in the ift of Phil, and Mary, to Mrs. Eliz. Bcughton ; fnm whom it was granted to Tho. Wight- man, who conveyed it, in the next R. to Sir Tho. Leigh. Cos HAM, (Mia} on the N. fide of the road from London to the Bath, from which h is about 9 m. is a plea- fant and very healthy place, being on a dry ftony foil, and therefore not very fen i'le. The Saxon K. Ethelrcd had a palace here ; and it was the feat of lome of the E?. cf Crn\val, one of whom, E. Edmund, in the R. of Edw. I. obtained a charter for its Mt. and the inh. ftill enjoy fevers! privileges granted it by Richard, his prcdccdibr. Here is an almfh. and a fr. fc. built by the Lr'dy.Margar. H-Jngerford, fince the Reft. The < h'ef fui/port of Cof- ham i: the wtollrn mf. here bc-ing, ii''' only feme c?;.'.^r;l !c clothier?, l-jr a wool-it: r ler, cf the fame name and family with Mr. Stump, the do. thier of Malm (bury, at whofe table K. fkn.Vlil. once dined, with all his retinue. The fields hereabouts arc generally, inftead of hedges, inclofeJ with walls of itones, piled one upon another \vithout any mortar. The p. which is pretty large, is fprinkled up and down with many pretty feats. It had, till lately, a Mt. on Fr. (Nat.) near the r. Erwafli, to the S. of Greyfly-Caftle, bel. formerly in great part to a family of the fame name j which afterwards pafled, by marriage, to the Willoughbys, one o'f whom obtained a charter of free-war, ren for it, in the R. of Edw. III. as did the other part from the Peverels to the Shevingtons : but the manor was vefted in the mon. of Newftede j after the DifT. of which, Willough- by's part was granted to Percival Bowes and John Mayfier ; yet the Willoughbys continued to have a feat here, and fome eftate. COSSINCTON, (Ic/c.)ontheS.E. fide of Mount- Sorrel, is noted for a vaft fteep Barrow, near the r. Wreck, 350 foot Ion?, 120 broad, and 40 high, which is called Shipley-fiill, from a great captain, who, they iav, was buried there. COTES, (Line.} near Stretton, on the b. of Nottinghamshire, is a noble manor which the Barnardiftons got, in the R, of Edw. II. hy marrying th heirefs of Willoughby, and enjoyed i( all along, till of late. CoTESWOULD-HlLLS, ( (7/;.-. J on the E. fide of the Co. are noted for flieep cotej, where are fed large flocks of Hieep, with fleeces of fine \\ liita wool. The number of fheep in this Co. of which mcft are kept in this part, is reckoned not far fhort of 500,000. COTHERIDCE, <7JVr.)nearWor- crfter,bcl. heretofore to the Mortimers d!',Wjmore ; from whom it pa'flcd, by niarriage, to the Talbots of Ecclef- ivell in Herefordfhire ; then to the A.) near Cam- bridge, \vhofe rectory, in the Bp. of Ely's gift, is worth 500 /. a year j had formerly a chantry. COTTERED, (Hartf.) ftnnds en a hill, to the W. of Buntingford, and I m. N. E. from Ardeley ; and was called Coldridge by the Saxons, from its cold fituation on a ridge of clay. The manor, which lies in the juril- didion of St. Peter's, Weflminfter, bel. in the R. of Edw. I. to Will, le Brevere ; in the R. of Edw. III. to Will. Phelpe and John Oredyne. One moiety parted, in the R. of Rich. II. to John Fray ; and, by marriage, it palled, in the R. of Hen. VII. to Hump. Stafford, and his defendants j by one of whom, it was fold, in the R. of Qi. Eliz. to Edw. Pulter, of Great -Wymondley ; and came after- Awards, by marrirge, to Foreller, def- crnded from a mercer of London. The other moiety paffed, intheR. of Rich. II. to one Sheine ; and was foon after i;i the pofiefiicn of Sir Will. Ciieyny, 01" Brcok in Wilts ; from whofe fa- mily it paiTed, ly nwrr;r.[.r, to Ji ha Wiilcu.hby,as it didfrom thence ah'o, by marriage, in the l\. of Hen.VIII. to Foulk Grcvil, Efqj one of \vbcfe defendants, the Ld. Brook, dying, in the R. of Cha. I. without ifi'ue, the manorwe.it to his fifler,Lady Verncy, vife of Sir Rich. Verney j whofe def- ccndantj of the fame name, had the title of Willcughby de Brook adjudged to him in 1695 ; snd his fon's wife had this manor in jointure. A wake is kept here to this day, on the fefri- val of St. J-in JLij.fi/?, to \\hcm the Ch. is dcd.cau-d. COTTEJS STOCK, (Nonta^f . } on th; N. fide ct CimJle, Jus a ir..;l on C O the fame r. and had a collegiate Ch. before the Ref. COT TES MORE, (Rut!.) near Stamford, was, in the R. of Q^Eliz. the manor and feat of the family of Durant j from whom it pafTed to the Harringtons. It was afterwards pur- chafed by Ambrofe Crook (brother to the judge j) by whofe daughter it paf- fed, in marriage, to Sir Edw. Heath, Kt. of the Bath (eldeft fon of Sir Ro- bert, who was, in the R. of Ch. I. Ld. Ch. Juft. of the K's. Bench) from whofe family it pafled afterwards, by the marriage of Sir Edward to the heirels of Noel Vifc. Camden ; and is now the feat of Thomas-Orby Hun- ter, Efq;. COTTINGHAM, (York. E.R. ) near Hull, bel. formerly to the fa- milies of Stutevil and Wake ; one of which latter obtained a grant of K. Edw. II. for a Mt. here, and ^ Fairs on the days of St. Thomas and St. Martin ; and a licenfe to make a caft'.e of his manor-houfe. The r. Hull falls, about 6m. from hence, into the Humber. CoTTINGI-EY, {fork. W. R.) on the N. fide of Bradforth, has a bridge over the Are ; was anciently the ef- tate of the Hodglbns, and afterwards of the Claphams. COTTON, (Staff.) on the N. fide of Rugeley. This manor, in which is found a ccanc Kit of akibalter, bel. anciently to the family of Ld. Afton, then to the Maftertons of Che/hire ; but, about the middle of the laft century, Tho. Mafterton fold it to Mr. Tho.' Adfhed ; whofe fon, cf the fame name, fold the tenants every one his own farm, and made them a'l freeholders. sfc COVENTRY, (ffano.) almoit in the middle of the Km. 74 err. 90 mm. frcm Linden, join'd 'AJth Litchrkid, is a Bpk. and had for- merly the honour cf being fuch itfelf, Here was 3 rich convent, defircyed by the Danes, in 1016, fic.m whcnre the cJi y is fuppoied to have i:s name. It was rebuilt e o c o rebuilt Vy Leofric Earl of Mercia, who feems to'ha"c beer, theilrft Ld. of this city, as his lady was its berr, bene- fac:or ; for there is a tradition firmly believed here, that her hufband hav- ing heavily taxed the citizens, for fome offence they had given him, this good lady, viz. Gcdivu, the daughter of Thorold, a (heriff of Lincoln/hire , earneftly importuned hira to Km'.t them, and to free the citizens from a:! i.ivi't 1 tenures j but tO'.:!c not prevail on him, unlt'l"; :he would content to ride nakedtthrough the moft frequented part of the ciry, a condition which he was Hire her mo- derry would never comply with ; but, in compaflion to the city, the tradition fays, that, after having ordered all the doors and windows to be fhut, upon pain of death, (he rode thro' the ftreets on horfeback, naked, with her loofe hair about her, which was fo long, that it covered all her body, b-Jt her legs. We read in Camden, that no body looked after her j yet 'tis faid elfewhere, that a poor taylor would needs be peeping, and that there- upon he was /truck blind. Be this as it will, his figure is put up in the fame window, of the high -ftreet, to this day ; and there is a yearly pro- ceflion thro* the T. on the F. after Trinity-Sunday, which is one of its Fairs, with the figure of a naked woman on horfeback. In Edward the Confcffcr's time this city was in the poffeffion of the Earls of Chefter, who gave a great part of it to the monks. It was afterwards annexed to the Earldom cfCornwal. Edw. III. granted it a mayor and 2 bailiffs ; and Hen. VI. having laid feveral Ts. and villages to it, granted, by his charter, that the city, with 191 ad- jacent villages, fhould be an entire Co. incorporated by itfelf, diftinct from the Co. of Warwick j and that the bailiffs of the faid city /hould be fheriffs cf the city of the Co. for ever : and now the citizens began to flourish, and to inclofe the city with walls. Edw. IV. for its difloyalty, took the f\vord from the mayor, and disfrsiichiied the city 5 which rc- decmr ' its charters, on payment of 500 -narks ; and he was fo wt- 11 re- cincileii, that in 4 years after lie kept St. George's feaft here, and flood godfather to the mayor's chjIH. K. Jimes I. granted it a < hintcr. t-y which loalti. were to preli'! ; ' 10 wards. After the reuVration rl Cha. II. the wall-, which were ; m. in com. with 26 towers, were '$, and v.'e:.viap the or.JJi,^ry fat of ribbons, efpecijlly black. Here is a fr. fc. (with a gocd library) rounded by John Hales, Efq; with '- - name of K. Hen. VJll's IchooJ, a ch. fc. and an hof. Thii city gave t.'-> cf Ear], in the R. of K. J:. I. i: G. Viliiers D. of Kiirkinglum ; en c CR AN BROOK, (Ktnt) 44 cm. 60 mm. from London, in a woody part of the Co. is the place where the firft \voollen mf. in the Km. was ereled,by thofe Flemings who were encouraged to fut'.ie here by K. Ed\v. TH. in or- der to teach the art to his fubjects j and durable cloths, with good mix- tures and perfect colours, ufed to be ir.ade here formerly ; but that trade has long fince de^yed. A beacon was fet up here in the R. of Q._ElJ7. Here is the greateir. Mt. in f he'c parts on S. and its Fairs are MJJ 19 and Sett. i. CR ANBURK-LoDGE,(2?t'>-^j) I m. from Windfor, in the middle of the foreft, is a line houfc on a hill, with a moft charming profpecl, wliich v/as built l.y the late Earl of Rar.e- lagh, and is now in pofleilion of his grand-daughter the Ccuntefs of Co- nioefl))*. CRANDON, or LoNG-Ca ANDOX, as 'tis called in the Maps, and by feme, CP.EDENDE:;, (Bucks) lies on the Tame, near Ecnrwocd-Foreft, ind was the ancient feat of the Gi:'- fu'dr, feme of whom were Earls of Buckingham. CRANFOPD, ( Mid.!. ) en the N. W. fide of Hounflow, has a bridge over the r. Crane. The moft '. of this manor was John de Cranford, who gave it to the K's. Templars, and, on their D.ii'. 'tv.as fettled on thofe of St. John of Jetu- falem } and K. Ken. VIII. ( it to Will. Ld. Windfor ; but it Lei. to the crown in the R. cf K. Ja. I. he gave it to Lady Berkley, gieat- grandmoiher to the Eurl cf Berkley, w ho has a feat here. It has r, t . CRANI.EY, (Hurry) bet. Vacherv and Rigbridte-Hill, 3 m. from Dark- ir.f, and Guilford, was the rranor and fci;t of the Sidneys, anceflcn to the Earls of Leiceftcr, and lately that of Edv,-. Bray, Efqj- CRANWICK, ( AV/". ) on the r. Wifiy, in the road from Srnndcn- Fcrry to Swafthain, formerly the mancv of John Ld. Clifton. ^ CR AT FI EUD, (Suf.) near Kalef- worth, \\as, in the R. of K'\ T Fnir ( r. the f\\:::vi,y of the V:rv : .r. n-L;,-<;, sr.d 4 days iifter. In "the adjatent henth and fluids are fundry caves, fuppofed to have been dug by the Saxons, for the reception of their wives and child- ren, and their goods, during their wars with the Britons. g^ CRAT-ST.-MARY'S, (Kent) near the fource of the r. Cray, ii m. from London ; has a Mt. on W. and Fair on Ftb. z, with a ch. fc. There are many woods cf birch hereabouts, from whence the broorr-makers in Kent- Street, South- wark, are fupplied. CRAY-NORTH, (Kent}' on the other fide of the r. N. E. of Foot's- Cray ; the feat of Sir Tho. D'Aeth, Bt. near which, in a wocd, a fub- terraneous fire was difcovered, in 1723, which Jo alarmed the neigh- bourhood, C R C R bcurhood, that many wagscns were employed liberal days, to fetch wa- ter from Bexley to quench it. {3* CREDIT ON, vulgo KIR TON, (Dsvor..) 7 m. from Exeter, 147 cm. 183 mm. from London, ftands on the r. Creden ; am), in the time of the Saxons, was the See cf a Bp. which, tho' afterwards .tranflated to Exeter, the Cathedral is itill ftand- i'.j j and hoie is a meadow called My Lord'i Mer.dow. Here was born Boniface Abp. of Mentz, commonly !:s German Apoitle, becaufe he converted the Heiiians, 6ff. in Germany to Chriftianity. Its chief mf. is icrge, in which it drove a great trade, and was a flouriihing T. till the lAth of Aug. 1743, when above 460 houfes w;.rc Ki:nt <.;ou:i, btfides the inarket-Jiouu-, wool- chambers, and other publicic buildings j fo that the icis in goods, and Cork in trade, was computed at near 3000 /. and ths lofs in houfcs and goods unin- lured, at or near 50,000 /. Here is a iVlt. on . 2nd F;iir en St. La-w- r-nc^i-day. Here \vas once a college, and a chapel dedicated to St. Law- rence, long lince in ruins, being ali- enated, together with the Bp's. palace, to the family of the Killigrews. In the R. of Edw. I. it fent members to a Pt. at Carlifle. Here is a ch. fc, if. CREKEI.ADE, (J'/iht} 66cm. 8 1 mm. from London, is an ancient Bor. by prescription, at the influx of the Churn and Rev into the "I hamc? . .Its Lp. was in the family of the Earls of Cambridge and Ds. of York, till it pa/Ted into the family of Hunger- ford. It had once a mon. It con- tains near 1400 houfes, and is go- , verned by a bailiff. One great ad- vantage to this place is, its fr. fc. built by Rob. Jenner, Efqj and en- dowed with 40 /. a year. Its Mt. is on S. Fair.? the 3d W. in Jpril and July, the 3d Tu. in Aug. and St. * Matt> civ 1 s-day. This place is faid, by fome writers, upon mere conjeclure, to have been formerly called Creckflade, from the Grecians 3 who taught and ftudied here, and are fuppcfed to have removed hence to Oxford, and there to have laid the foundation of an U. It hath lent members to Pt. from the zoth of Ed.v. II. CREKE, N. and S. (A'v;/.) near Burnharn, had a large fortification, and the way that leads from it is, to this clay, called Bloodjate, in re- rnem'm-ance of the difmal il.'.iuhu-r made there in the wars bet. the Saxons and Danes. CRESWKLI., (Staff.} a hamlet in the manor of Sandon, bcl. anciently to the family of Crefwells, and after- wards went by marriage to the Bie- retons. CREW, (C/v/Z>.) on the r. WaT- wan, which fails into the Wcever,' v.as the rciidcnce of the honoui.ib'e family of the Crews, anceftors 01 l!:e late Bp. of Durham, and is now the feat of Juhn Crew, Efq; CREWEXHAI.E, (//';>.) not far from Henley, was the Lp. of n fa- mily of that name, from Hi-n. III. to Hen. VI. when it went by mar- riage to Will. Parker, of Clurtley in Staffozd/hire ; and it was after- wards, by purchafe, the eflaie of the Grr fV.-ouids, of Solihuil in this Co. 83 s CREW KERN, (i'om.} icocm. 133 mm. from London, is a j;ood ihorouf l.hiie 0:1 die Parret, near tiie b. of Dorfet/hlrc. It has a Mt. on . for tcri>, ih'-tr, ijfc. hus a ch. fc. and had once a chantry. CKIMPLEJHAM, (AV/.) on the E. fide of Downham, v. us granted by Hen. Walpole, Efq 5 to Sir John Fel- briag, Sir John Howard,, &>Y. CRJXAI.I., (Kitfi the p. of Staple, near Wingham, bel. anciently to the Brockliuls ; from whom it paired to the Wadhatns, and from them to the Fogs ; but was afterwards fold, firft to Mr. Eanifter, then to Tucker and Smith, und afterwards to Dr. Fcthcrby, Dean of Canter- bury. CROCKSDON-ABBEY, (Staf.) 5 m. N, W. of Uttoxetcr, nrar a brook C R brcok called the Peak, was built by Verden, a Norman Baron, in whole family the manor continued for many fuccelfions, and feveral of his de- fccndants were buried in it. At the Difr. the fite of this men. was given to the Fuljambs, one of whom after- wards fold it. CROFT-CASTLE, (Hcref.} on the N. W. of Leominfter, a little below the conflux of the Wadels and the Lug, is the feat of Sir Archer Croft, delcended of an honourable family, who had it even before the Ncrman invafion. Here is a park, with a camp and 2 ditches in it, called the Ambry, from whence there is a lovely profpedT:. CROM ALL-ABBOTS, (G7o CROMER, (Norf.) on the N. E. coall, 23mm. frum Norwich, JC2 cm. 137 mm. fiom London, has a harbour, and was formerly much larger than 'tis now, having 2 p. Chs. one of which, with mr.ny of the houfes, was fwallowed up by an inundation of the tea. 'Tis chiefly inhabited and frequented by fi/her- men, efpecially for lobfters, which are caught here in great quantities, and carrie^ to Norwich, and feme to London ; for 'tis a rocky coaft, and the fc-amen call Cromcr-Bay the De\iJ'j Throat. Its Mr. is on 5. CROMISH-GIFFARD, (Ox/.) on. the Thames, alnioftover-againirWal- Jingford, of which the Gifrards were the ancient Lds. has the ruins of a fortification, fuppofed to have been ereclea by K. Stephen, when he bcfieged the Emprefs Maud in Wiil- lingford caftle. CROPHIIL, or, as 'tis called in the Maps, CROP WFI L-BiSHOP j and CP.OPWEI.L-BUTLER, (Nottt) lie contiguous bet. Bingham and Stanton, and have their lands inter- mixed in one field ; fo that they were both probably only one p. but made diftinft on account of the two Lps. in it, one of which bel. for- merly to the Abp. of York, and was called Crophill-Bi/hops, and the o- ther was called Crophill-Butler, from the Butlers of Warrington in Lan- ca/hire, who were Lds. of thi ma- nor from the R. of Hen. III. fo Hen. VIII. The Grange was latery in the pofTeflion of the Ld. Cha- worth ; but the manor being verted in Tho. Hutchinibn, after fome con- left with Ld. C. J. Saunders, con- tinued C R C R tinued in his family fome fuccefiions, till Sir Tho. Hutchinfon fold the farms to divers freeholders, and thedemefne to the E. of Kingfton ; from whom it pailed to his defendants the Ds. of Kingfton. The inh. refort to Tithc- by, as their p. Ch. There's a hill bet. the 2 Crop-.vells, coil'd Heu-Hill. CRBSBY, GREAT and LITTLE, (Lane.} near Liverpool, bel. hereto- fore to the ViHers family, and the Molintuxos. The former has a fr. fc. and in the latter have been dug up fe- vcral Saxon coins. In the neighbour- hood are frequent horfe-races. 53* CROSCOMB, ( Soni. ) near Weils and Shepton-Mailet ; from which laft a r. runs through it, that drives feveral mills. K. Edw. I. granted it a Mt. and a Fair at Laiiy- daj ; and his charter was confirmed by Edw. III. and Hen. IV. The Mt. being difufed, another was procured for it by the Ld. of its manor, Hugh Fortefcue, Efq; father of Ld. Clinton ; this too is in a manner loll, only fome- times there is an appearance of one on Tu. at the crofs. Some cloth is made here, but the chief mf. is ftockings. ST. CROSS, (Hatnp.) near Win- chefter, a hof. founded by Will. Ru- fus, for relieving diftrefied travellers with a manchet of bread, and a pot of beer. Cardinal Beaufort, Bp. ofWin- chefter,halfbrotherofK.Hen.IV. en- dowed it with lands worth 5Oo/. a year, for the maintenance of a mafter, 2 chaplains, 3 5 decayed gentlemen, and 3 women ; but dying, before the foun- dation was compleated, Hen. VI. in. corporated them under a reclor of thi::i own, by the n.ime of the NWJ of NiHa Poverty, and gave them a common feal, and power to j-urchafe, &c. Since the civil wars, their number is reduced to 14. They wear black gowns, go to prayers twice a thy to the Ch. which is built in the form of a crofs j and have 2 hot mcah a. day, except in Lent, when they have, only bread and butter, or chiefs, and 12 s. in money, to buy \vhat oihcr provifions they pleafe 5 but there have been very few gemir- inen aomitted, fince the Reft, the ge- nerality being broken tradefmen, put in at the pleafure of the mafter, who lives very grand, his income being 800 /. a year ; befides, that he is ge- nerally a prebend of the cathedrr.]. CRCSSELEY, with its Heath, (Hartf.) in the p. of Rkkmerfwurth, brt. Vafniobury and Cafhio-Bridge, be!, formerly to the abbey of St. Al- bansj but Q._Eiiz. gave it to her phjfician, Dr. C.iius, who founded Cans-Coil. Cambridge, and added this manor v, it. CXOSSTKWAITE, (Cum'f.} near Kefwick, ftands on the Dcrv.cnt. To this place Sir John Banks, attorney- general of K. Cha. I. who v/as born here, gave a confiderable bencfaclion for erefting a workhoufe for the poor. CR'OWHERST, (Siin-y] near Battle in SufTex, a manor of about 400 /. a year, be!, anciently to the Gainsfords ; but, about 80 years ago, went, by marriage, to that of Chriftmaff, and was not long after mortgaged, and at laft CULI.ITON, (Devon.) 17 m. Weujr.cck-Park, is now only the S.K. of Exeter, 125 cm. 159 mm. W. , fite of an ancient chnpcl, \vhichbjl. of London, hs a Mt. ot5. aud Fairs to a vilb.gs lonp fircc depopulated 30. Sir William May I and N: called Riclcmerlbury, r:id endowed Yonge has a feat here, by the wife of Oibert Ciintcn ; and .CiJR HWOK T i;, ,y>"arw.) on the o PP olite the Earls of Warwick were its pa- trons ; but it falling Vo decay, K. X. !': tu Water-Oi ten, bel. formerly Hen. VJI. gave the lite vf it to ...^ : then vo tiio DU c u TO D A CURRY MA L LET, (Sow.) on the N. fide of Abbots-Leigh, is the next p. to Hach-Beauchamp, and fo called from the Mallets, its ancient Lds. from whom it pafled by marriage to the family of Pointz, one of whom obtained a grant from Edw. II. of a, Mr., on M. and a Fair on Sill-Saints- <%, both long fmce difuled. In the Rl of Hen. VI. it bcl. to John Tip- toft Earl of Worcelkr. CURRY-REVEL, (Fern.) near the Parret r. oppofite to Langport, whofe owner, cf the name of Revel, was a perfon of great note in thofe pans ; in the R. of Rich. I. it came thro' feveral families to Sir John Monta- cute, who having forfeited it by treafon, it was given to the Marquis ef Dorfet. D A D Ac OR -CASTLE, (Cumb.) at the conflux of the Eden and Dacor, on the S. fide of Penrith, was anciently the feat of the Barons of Daror, and fmce of the Earls of Suflex ; and had once a men. DAGENHAM, (EJftx) is a manor in the liberty of Havering, 9 m. frcm London, which bel. fome time ago to Rkh. Comins, and fmce to Sir Will. Humfreys, Bt. A breach was made here, near 40 years ago, by the Thames, which laid near 5000 acres of Land under water ; but, after near 10 years inundation, during "which the works were feveral times blown up, it was at lafl flopped by Capt. Perry, who had been employed feveral years in the Czar of Mufcovy's works at Vcronitza on the r. Don. Here was formerly a chantry. D A :. A i Y -C A s T L r. , (Sa,'of>) on the N. E. fide of Wrekin-Hill, near the Watling-Street, was, in the R. of Rich. II. annexed, by act of Pt. to the principality of Chefter. DALDEN, (Durban) on the coaft aot In from Eifir^u-n, formerly bel. to a .family of the fame name, but fmce to the Milbanks. DALE, (Derhyjh.) on the E. fide of Derby, had formerly an abbey in a rnoon/h place called Depedale, which was endowed with the neigh- bouring 1\ and park of Stanley. DALE-MAIN, (Cumb.) near Da- cor-Caille, was the feat of Edward Haflel, Efq; heid of the barony of Greyftock, in Cornagc, whereby the poflcflors of land; here were obliged, under the penalty of forfeiting them, to found a horn upon the approach of the enemy, and to ferve in the wars againft the Scots, marching in the van and returning in the rear. DA i. HAM, (Stiff.) near Newmar- ket, was, in the R. of Q^Eiiz. the manor of the Stutevills. The fteeple of its Ch. was blown down by the ftorm of wind at the death of Oliver Cromwel. Here is a ch. fc. and a feat of John Affleck, Efq; D ALSTON, (Cumb;) on the S. fide of Carlifle, near the r. that rms to it, was a barony united, by Hen. II. to the foreft of Englewocd, whereof it continued a member, till Hen. III. disfcrefted it, and gave or fold it t the then Bp. of Carli/le, whofe fuc- cefTors in that See have enjoyed it- ever fince ; but the old manfion- houfe, with the manor of Dalfton- Parva, are, to this day, in the pof- feflion of the Dalfton?. 8^ DALTON. (Lane.) upon the Dudden-Sands in Loynfdale, 200 m. from London, has a Mt. en S. and Fair on W. before E after. DANBURY, (Eflex) near Chelms- ford, upon a high hill, at the top whereof ftands its Ch. with a tall fpire, that is a fea-mark. The D'Arcys , who carre ov;r with William the Conqueror, were Lds. cf this manor for many )er,rs. They were fucceeded by the Windhsmr', and thefe by the Mildmays, who had a feat here called Danbury -Place. *Tis now the feat of Mr. Fitch. In its Ch. were 3 chantries, founded by the D'Arcys. DANBY, D A D A DANBY, (York. N. R.) between Cleveland and Blackmore-Foreft, at the fource of a r. that runs into the E/k. It bel. many years from the Ccnquefl:, to the Brus's, and was after- wards fold to the Nevils, of whom were the Lds. Latimer. It gave the title of Earl to Henry Ld. Danvers, in the R. of Cha. I. and in the next, to Thomas O/born, who was, by K. Will. III. created D. of Leeds, the anceftor of the prefent D. DANE-COURT, (Kent) in the p. of Chilham, bel. to the Garwintons till the R. of Hen. IV. when it pafl'ed, by the female-heir, to Rich. Haute ; and, by the fame way, to Will. Ifaac, whole defcendant fold it to Hales, and hi, heirs to Sprucklin, whofe family was originally of the Me of Thanet. DANE-END, or DANE-STREET- END, (Hertf.) on the S. fide of the Waldens, where the Danes are fup- pofed to have done or fuffercd fome- thing remarkable. Noiden fays, their incurfions were flopped here by a lig- nal defeat. DANIELS, (Hertf.) near Sandon, bel. formerly to the Staffords and the Newports j from whom it came to Thomas Bowles, in the R. of Philip and Mary ; from him it came to Tho. Morifon, and his fon fold it to Tho. Flyer of Brent-Pelham, whofe fon, Francis, built a good houfe here. DANTSEY, (Wilts) near Malmf- bury, and on the fame r. gave title of Baron, in the R. of K. James I, to Henry Danvers, the above-men- tioned Earl of Danby ; whofe brother being attainted of high-treafon at the Reftoration, for having been one of the judges at the trial of Cha. I. this manor was given to James D, of York, who fettled it in dowry on his fecond confort, Q^Maiy. On his, Abdication, it became a fecond time forfeited, when K. William conferred it on Charles Earl of Peterborough. 'Tis remarked, that this p. is all tne manor, and very rich pjfiure j fo that here is made excellent cheefe, not inferior to that of Chedder, which indeed is its only commodity. 'Tis thought, that when all the lives drop upon which this manor is leafed out, it will, at a rack-rent, amount to at leaft 3000 /. a year. Here is a good old mantion-houfe, with gardens like thofe of Peterborough-Houfe on Par- fons-Green, and a fine park, well timbered, tho', by the lownefs of its fituation, the place is often over- flowed. Yet here is no good water, either for wafhing or brewing ; nor is there any fpring but a Chalybeat one, which turns to no account, be- caufe of the bad roads hereabouts ; fo that this place was never vifited by either party in the late civil wars. Here is a neat Ch. with one of the belt built high fquare towers in the Km. raifed at the expence of one of the Lds. of Dantfey. The firft of them, that was E. of Danby, founded and endowed an almfh. and a fr. fc. here. ^ DARK i KG, (Surry) 20 cm. 24 mm. from London, on a branch of the r. Mole, juft before it run* under-ground. 'Twas deftroyed by the Danes, but was rebuilt by Ca- nute, or the Normans. It ftands on a foft fandy rock, in which are dug feveral convenient cellars. Accord- ing to a cuftom of this manor, of which the Howard family of the Norfolk branch are Lds. the youngeft fon, or youn^eft brother of a cufro- mary tenant, is heir of the cufto- mary eftates of the tenant dying in- teftate. The great Roman caufey called Stone-Street paffes through its church-yard. Some learned phyfi- cians have faid the beft ?,ir in Eng- land is upon Cottman-Dean, ( /. f . the heath of poor cottagers) bel. to this T.' on which fland their alm/ns. This place is noted for its meal trade, and its Mt, for poultry, particularly the fatteft geefe and the largeft ca- pons, which are brought hither from Korinam. Wheat is brought hither from ihe WiJds of Sufiex"; and on O aiofl D A D A moft of the Mt. days, 'tis furniflied John Spilman, to whom K. Cha. I. with all forts of fea-fifh. Its Mt. is granted a patent, with 200 /. a year on Th. and Fair on Hefy-Tb. the to encourage the mf. On this r. greateft in England for lambs. Mr. was alfo the firft mill for flitting iron Howard is Ld. of above half the bars to make wire. In Jan. 1738, manor. a powder-mill was blown up here, DARLETON, (Nott.) on theN.E. (for the 4th time in 8 years) when, fide of Tuxford, having been anci- tho' all the fervants were at their ently an appurtenance of the royal duty, not one was hurt. Here are manor of" Dunham, was, by King 2 church-yards, one about the Ch. Edw. I. farmed to the inh. In the the other on the top of the hill to- R. of Q^ Eliz. Sampfon Meverel wards Northfleet, which is fo fteep, v. as Ld. ot" it. Here is, or was lately that it overlooks the tower of the in ufe, a free-chapel. Ch. The T. is finely watered with jt^" DARLINGTON, (Durham ) 2 or 3 very good fprings, and full of lS6 cm. 243 mm. from London, inns and other publick-houfes, by has a ftone-bridge over the Skern, reafon of its being a great thorough - which runs into the Tees. 'Tis a fare from London to Canterbury and poft-town and thoroughfare from Dover ; and it has a harbour for London to Berwick, and the moft barges. Its Mt. which is on S. is noted in the N. of England for the chiefly for corn, and its Fair July 22. linnen mf. particularly of hucka- K. Edw. III. at his return once from becks 10 quarters wide, which are France, had a general tournament Tnade no where elfe in the Km. and performed here by his nobles ; and therefore fent in great quantities to he founded a nunnery here, \vhofe London, &c. Some fine linnen is abbefs and nuns were elected for alfo made here, the Skern water be- moft part out of the nobleft families ing fo famous for bleaching it, that of the nation ; but K, Hen. VIII. great quantities have been fent hither turned it into a palace. In the R. for that purpofe from Scotland ; and of Hen. VI. an almfli. was founded the r. is alfo famous for its pikes, here in honour of the Trinity, (to This is one of the 4 ward Ts. of the which the Ch. is dedicated) for the Co. Its Ch. was formerly collegiate, perpetual vicar and Ch. -wardens, and and confifted of a dean and 4 pre- for 5 poor decrepid men, of which bendaries. Here are ftill fome re- the vicar and wardens were to be mains of an epifcopal palace, with perpetual mafter and a body corpo- a fpacious Mt. -place, and a hand- rate, having a common feal, and a fome Ch. but the ftreets not being licence to aflign lands and rents to paved, are very dirty in winter. Its the hof. of 20 /. a year value. Mt. is on M. for cattle, corn, &c. DARTMORZ, (Devon.) bet. Ta- Fair on Wlitftn-M. viftock and Chegford, in the midft (J^ 3 DARTFORD, (Kent) 12 cm. of which is Crockern-Torr, a high 16 mm. from London, and j i from hill, on which is held a general fef- Rochefter, is properly called Darent- fion of Pt. by the iurats, who are ford, from its fituation on the Da- chofe from the 4 ftannary courts of rent, which runs through it, and falls coinage for the Devonfhire tinners. not far off into the Thames. It was s| DARTMOUTH, (Devon.) is a f Clif difgraced by Ring the firft T. in the corp. formed ifton, Dart- rebellion of Wat Tyler and Jack mouth, and Hardnefs, which were Straw, but has been fince honoured, originally 3 diftinft Ts. 'Tis 165 by giving title of Vifc. to the Earl of cm. and I92mm. from London. The Jerfey. The firft paper-mill in Eng- r. Dart, which rifes in Dartmore- land was erefied on this r. by Sir Foreft, runs into its harbour. 'Twas 4 called D A D A called Clifton, from the cliffs on which moft of the houfes were foun- ded ; and out of which many of them were dug. 'Twas burnt in the R. of Rich. I. by the French, and again in the R. of Hen. IV. They attempted it afterwards, but were repulfed ; and chiefly by the bravery of the women, who fought fo like amazons, that, befides a great (laughter which they made, they took M. Caftel the French general, 3 Lds. and 23 Kts. prifoners. 'Tis governed by a mayor, 12 matters, or magiftrates, nC.C. men, a re- corder, i bailiffs, a town-clerk, and a high fteward ; the 3 laft chofen by the mayor and magiftrates, who have a power to make freemen. The may- or, bailiffs and coroner, are chofe yearly. Here is a court of feflion, and a water bailiffwick court, holden by a Jeafe from the dutchyof Cornwal for 3 lives, for which they pay 14 /. a year chief rent. The T. which is a m. long, ftands on the fide of a craggy hill, with ftreets very irregular, being fometimes 2 or 3 one above another ; yet the houfes are generally very high. 500 fail of fliips may ride in its har- bour, which is defended by 3 caftles, befides forts and block-houfes ; and its entrance may, upon occafion, be fliut up with a chain. Here is a large key, and before it a fpacious ftreer, where live feme confiderable mer- chants, who trade to Portugal, Italy, Newfoundland, ~&c. and from the latter to Italy, &c. with fifli. Here is the greateft pilchard fimery alfo of any place in the W. except Falmouth. The property of the manor is vefted in the corp. Here are 3 Chs. befides a large diffenting meeting-houfe. The fhipping and trade of this port and T. was the moft confiderable of any in the Co. except Exeter, till Plymouth's late increafe in both. It gave the title of Baron to Geo. Legg, formerly governor of Portfmouth, as it does now of E. to his fon Will. Legg. Its Mt. is F. The freemen, who vote for its members of Pt. are 78, and the return is made by the mayor. This was firft made a mayor and Bor. T. by K. John. K.Edw.'lII. granted that the burgefies mould be toll free, throughout England, &c. Rich. II. in confideration of their having aflifted him with ammunition and provisions in his war with France, enacted, that tin mould only be exported from hence. K. Edw. IV. to reward their courage againft the French, tranflated the port hither from Fowey, and gave them 20 /. a year in fee-farm ; to which Rich. III. and Hen. VII. added 20 /. a year more. The high rents bel. to this corp. amount to about 69 /. a year. It began to fend mem- bers to Pt. the 2,6th of Edw. I. but no mere, till the I4th of Edw. III. Here was formerly a chantry. DARWEN-COTE, (Durham) in the manour of Chopwell, has a great quantity of oak, a(b, birch, and alder- wood, in a moft commodious fituatton for the fliip-trade and collieries of Newcaftle, which is but 8 m. off. DARWENT-FELLS, (Cumb.} are the mountains bet. Borodaleand Kef- wick, where were formerly difcovered fome veins of copper, not without a mixture of gold and lilver ; concern- ing which there was a trial bet. Q._Eliz. and Tho. PiercyE. of Nor- thumberland and Ld. of the manor, who was caft. Here is alfo a mine of black lead for painters, or wadd for cleaning arms ; of which as much may be dug in one year, as will ferve all Europe 7 years. DASSET-AVON, or PARVA , (Warm.) to theE. of Edge-Hill, near the Vale-of-Red-Horfe, was given by K. Edw. VI. to Sir Ralph Sadler, mafter of his great wardrobe, who fold it to John Woodward of Butler's- Meriton, whofe descendant Richard had it in 1640. DASSET-BURTON, orMAGNA, (Warw.} on the N.'ftde of the for- mer, is a large p. whofe Ch. ftands in that part called Burton- Daffet. It bel. formerly to the Suthleys, or Sud- leys'; one of whom, in the R. of Hen. III. obtained a Mt. here on F. O z and D A TO D E and a fair at St. James-tide. In the R. of Edw. III. it went, by the fe- male-heirs, to the Botelers, and was then called Cheping-Daflet. In the R. of Hen. VII. it went to the Belknaps ; and in the next R. it was divided bet. Gerard Danet, Will. Shetley, and Sir Edsv. Wotton, from whom' defcersded Ld. Wotton, who was pofiefled cf his part in the R. of James I. and Danet fold his part to Peter Temple, Efq; whofe pofte- lity enjoyed it in 1640. DATCHET, (Bucks') near Wind- for, has a bridge over the Thames, fcuilt in the R. of Q._Anne, and is noted for frequent horfe -races. DATCHWORTH, (Hertf.) betw. Knebworth and Watton-Wcodhall, near the road from Ware to Steven- age, bel. formerly to Weftminfter- Abbey ; but Edw. VI. granted it to the Bps. of London, who have jurif- didlion of the Leet ; but the court- baron of the manor, now called Datchworthbury, was, in the R. of Hen. VII. in the poflemon of Rich. Connet of Sufiex ; from whom it was conveyed to one Forfter, in which Jiame it continued, till Rich. Forfter of St. Alban's, in the R. of Ja. I. fold it to John Garr.on, of Afton, Clk. whofe fon fold it to William Wallis of Wcrmleybury, as he did to Edw. Harrifcn, of Balls, Efq; (3* DA V EN TRY, OrDAINTRY, (Northamf.) 60 cm. 73 mm. from London, on the road to Chefter, is a great thoroughfare to and from the N. W. Cos. and therefore has many gcod inns, which are its chief fup- port. 'Tis governed by a mayor, aid. fteward, and 12 freemen, and gives title of Barcn to the Earl of Winchelfea and Nottingham , to whofe family the manor bel. The Mt. is on W. Fairs Eafier-Tu. Wbiifon-Tu^JvIy 2$, Aug. 4 and 28, Sept. 21. Here was formerly a irrn. and now a ch. fc. The coins of Roman Emperors are often dug up here ; and on Borough-Hill, half a m. from the T. are ftill to be feen the ruins of a Roman fort?- fication, 3 m. in com. which is the courfe for the horfe-races. The Ro- man Watling-Street was turned thro' it, and runs to Dunfmore-Heath. After the Romans, the Saxons made ufe of the fame camp. 'Tis faid, that in Daventry-Park flood a caftle of John of Gaunt. The banks in it refemble thofe of ponds and canals, with a watry fquaftiy ground betw. them. DAWLEY, (Mieid.) near Drayton and Hounflow, in the p. of Harling- ton, was the feat of the late Ld. Vifc. Bolingbroke, which he purchafed of the Earl of Tankerville, and now that of Edmund Stephenfon, Efq; ST. DA YE, (Ccrmu.) on the W. fide of Truro, had once a chapel fo much reforted to by pilgrims, that provifions were brought hither, and it became a Mt. without a charter. DEAL, (Kent) 4 m. from Sand- wich, of which it is a member, 6 1 cm. 74 mm. from London, is called Dola by Julius Caefar, who is fuppofed to have landed here, in his ad defcent upon Britain. 'Tis a handfome large T. where fliips bound to and from London, and foreign parts, by way of the Channel, gene- rally flop, if homeward-bound, to difpatch letters notifying their ar- rival, and to fet paiTengers alhore ; if outward-bound, to take in frefli provifions, and to receive their laft letters from their owners and friends. It carries on fome foreign trade, and has throve very much by the great refort of feamen to it frcm the Downs. Its caftle is defended on the N. by Sandown-Caftle, and on the S. by' Walmer-Caftle, all three built by K. Hen. VIII. Here is a ch. fc. A ridge of cliffs runs 7 m. along the coaft from hence to Dover, which abound with famphire. DEAN, (Kent) near Challock, bel. heretofore to the St. Denn's fa- mily, then to the Cadmans : whom it paffed by marriage to the Plomei-s, who Ibid it to the Pi DEAN'*- D E D E DEAN'S-COURT, (Kent} in the p. of Weftwell, was for many gene- rations the eftate of the Huflies, who fold it to the Milans. D E A N' s -C o u R T, (Ktnt} near Appledore, was the manor and feat of the Appledores, till the R. of Edw. III. when it parted by the fe- male-heir to Will. Roper, in whole family it has been brought down to the prefent Ld. Tenham. - DEAN, (Nortbamp.) 3 rn. from Rockingham, and 18 N. E. of North- ampton, (lands among woods, which are therefore called the Foreft of Dean, and bel. formerly to Weft- minfter- Abbey, which is fuppofed to have leafed it to the family of Dean ; from whom it patted to the Tindals, and from them to the Bru- denels, anceftors of the prefent Earl of Cardigan, who has a pleafant feat here. DEAN-WEST, (#7/n) on the E. fide of Salilbury, was the manor and feat of Sir John Evelyn, from whom it came by marriage to the family of the Pierpoints Ds. of Kingfton. DEDDINGTON, (OxforJJb.) 51 cm. 62 mm. from London, was anciently a T. corp. and fent mem- bers to Pt. in the Rs. of Edw. I. and III. but never fince ; yet it is a pretty large T. governed by a bailiff. 'Tis faid here was formerly a caftle. Here is a ch. fc. It has a little Mt. on 5. Fairs on Wbitfin-M. Aug. 10, and Nov. u. Dr. Plot mentions an old cuftom ftill retained at this place, chiefly at marriages, by young men, when they carry home their bride i They fet up a poft perpendicular, and place a flender piece of timber on the top of it, on a fpindle, having a board at the one end and a bag of fand hanging at the other j againft the board they ride with ftaves, which bringing the bag about with violence, it ftrikes them on the back or neck, and fometimes, if they are not nimble enough to get out of the way, beats them off their horfe. To break this board is reckoned a piece of bravery, and was anciently rewarded. This manor was formerly Sir Thomas Pope's, (who founded a fc. here, called Jefus fc.) but he fold it to K. Hen. VIII. by whom it was fettled upon Chriftchurch Coll. Ox- ford. Near this T. is a well of me- dicinal waters, of a rtrong fulphureous fcent, highly impregnated with a vi- trioline fait. In the digging of it was found the ftone called pyrites O 3 argen- D E D E argenteu?, and a bed of belemnites, commonly called thunder-bolts ; and out of it hath fince been taken the filver marchafite, of a glittering co- lour, but of no ufe as yet difcovered. DEEPDEN, (Surry) bet. Darking and Beachworth, has a remarkable houfe and garden of Mr. Howard, in a valley furrounded with fteep hills, one of which has a fummer- houfe on the top, from which, in a clear day, may be leen the fea be- yond the S. Downs near Arundel. The rnoft fouthern of thefe hills were formerly planted with vines j and 'tis faid by Mr. Evelyn, that a wild fort of cherries grows hereabouts in great plenty, which makes a wine that is little inferior to the beft French cla- ret, and keeps longer. J3" DEEP ING-MAR KET,(Z,/c.) among the fens on the N. fide of Wayland r. 71 cm. 87 mm. from London, is an old, ill-built, dirty T. with a Mt. on Tb. and Fair Sept. 29. Below it is a plain many ms. in com. the deepeft in all this mar/hy coun- try ; and 'tis remarkable, that the channel of the r. Glen, which runs from the W. lies much higher than this plain. This manor bel. anciently to the Wakes ; but came to the crown, in the R. of Edw. III. by the Black Prince's marrying Joan the Fair Maid of Kent, ( daughter to Edmund Woodftock Earl of Kent, ' fcy the heirefs of Tho. Wake) who had been twice married before, and twice divorced. DEERHURST, (Gtcc.) i little m. S. of Tewkfbury, is a p. 8 m. in com. fubjeft, by its low fituation, to frequent inundations from the Severn, which runs 2. m. together on the W. fide of it. It has a bridge over it, ( oppofite to Alney Ifland ) called Gildzble-Bridge, from certain tolls and cufloms that were anciently paid at it. Here was a mon. built in 715, which the Danes deftroyed, but was afterwards rebuilt, and made an alien priory, and then a denizen priory, wjukr the patronage of the abbot of Tewkfbury. Its being built in the R. of Edward the Conf. and its confecra- tion by the then Bp. of Worcefter, is denoted by a Latin infcription on a ftone, which, in 1675, was dug up in the orchard of one Mr. Powel. The manor bel. to Weftminfter- Ab- bey before the Norman Conqueft ; Hen. VIII. at the Diff. granted it to the D. and C. of Weftminftcr ; the popifh Q._Mary refumed it, and gave it to the convent of Weflminfter j but Q._Eliz. reftored it to the Pro- teftant Ch. of Weftminfter, to which it bel. to this day. There was a fine fpire to itsCh. which, in 1666, was blown down. The ancient priory be!, to the Earl of Coventry, who takes his title of Vifc. from this T. DELACRES, or DELVECROSS- ABBEY, (Staff.) on the N. E. fide of Leek, was, with the appurte- nances, given, by Edw. VI. to Sir Ralph Baggenholt ; who gave fome part of the eftate to the poor, and let the reft to tenants, fo cheap, that they bought him out. DELALEY, (Nortbitnb.) in Tin- dale, bel. anciently to the Comins, of Badenough in Scotland. DELALEY -CASTLE, (Sahf) near Wrekin-Hill, bel. anciently to the Earl of Arundel, on whofe attainder it was forfeited to K. Rich. II. who. annexed it to the principality of Chefter. DELAMERE-FOREST, (Cbejbire) to the N. E. of Chefter, towards the r. Weever, is a delightful and com- fortable place to the neighbouring townihips, having pafture in its val- leys, wood on its hills, fern on its plains, filh and fowl in the meers, befides turff for fewel, &c. It gave title of Baron, at the Reftoraticn of Cha. II. to Sir Geo. Booth, whofe fon was, by K. William, made Earl of Warrington, for his fervices at the Revolution. There is a feat in it, called the Chamber of the Foreft, which was for the chief forefters, the Dawns of Utkinton, who held that office by inheritance, by gift of Ra- nulph, D E D E nulph I. Earl of Chefter, to Ranulph Dawn of Kingfley, their anceftor, the eftate of whofe family came lately by marriage to the Crews. DENCK WORTH, N. and S. (Berks] bet. Abington and the Vale of White- Horfe. The former was the ancient feat of the Fettiplaces ; the latter, of the Hydes, who were Lds. of the ma- nor for 19 generations ; but Sir Geo. Hyde fold it, in the R. of James I. to Sir Will. Cockaine, aid. of London ; whofe fon, Ld. Vifc. Cullen of Ire- land, fold it to the father of the late Gregory Geering, Efqj who had his feat here. DENGY, (E/ex) bet. St. Ofith Ifland and the fca, is the chief T. of the hundred of its own name, one of the 3 hundreds which include the marfhy part of the Co. It bel. at the Conqueft to St. Walrick's Abbey in Picardy ; in the R. of Edw. I. to Henry Grammanel ; in that of Edw. III. to one Franceis j and in that of Richard II. to one Roos. K. Hen. VII. endowed his hof. in the Savoy with it j but after the DifT. Q._Eliz. gave both the manor and the advowfon of the Ch. to the Fanfhaws. The grafs of this hund- red, which lies between Crouch and Blackwater Bays, is excellent for the cattle, with which 'tis welj flecked, but the air not the healthieft. The only trade here almoft is in cheefe ; and the ewes are milked by men, as they are elfewliere by women. Here are made thofe great cheefes of a coarfe quality, which are bought up for hufbandmen and labourers, both here and in foreign parts. DEN HAM, (Bucks') on the r. Coin, near Uxbridge, was formerly the feat of the Peckhams, and lately of Sir R 0i ?er Hill and Sir Will. Bowyer. DENINGTON, (Suff~.) nearFram- lingham, was, in the R. of Hen. V. the Lp. of Sir John Phelip, one of whofe defcendants, the Ld. Bardolf, in the R. of Henry VI. founded a chantry here. From him it went by marriage to Vifc, Beaumont, It was afterwards in the poffeffion of the Wingfields and the Roufos. DENT, (York. N.R.) in Craven, of which 2 inh. were witneffes in a trial at York afiizes, in 1664, the father near 140 and the fon too years old. It ftands on the r. Dent, N. of that called the County-Stone. DENTON-HALL, (York. W. R.) on the N. W. fide of Otley, was the feat of the Pt's. General Fairfax, which Prince Rupert was about to demoli/h, but, on fight of a picture of one of the General's worthy an- ceftors, was happily faved. It was indeed burnt down afterwards by ac- cident, but rebuilt by Mr. Ibbotfon, the prefent poffeflbr j and has this remarkable motto : Quod nee Jo-vis Ira, nee ignis , Ntc foterit firrum. DENWIKE, (Nortbumb.} on the other fide of the r. oppofite to Alne- wick, anciently bel. to its cn.ftle and manor, and was the eftate of Will, de Vefey ; but was fold by Anthony Beck Bp. of Ely, who was truftee for his natural fon, to Hen. Piercy. DEPDEN, (Sujf.) to the S. W. of St. Edmundfbury, was fucceflively the Lp. of the Depdens, Jarmins and Coel, and fmce Mr. Thornhill's. DEPEHAM, (Norf.) on the S.W. fide of Windham, formerly bel. to the monks of Chrift-Church, Can- terbury ; but, at the DifT. was given, by K. Hen. VIII. to its D. and C. This place was not long ago, if it be not ftill, noted for a vaft great linden-tree, defcribed by Mr. Evelyn, in his Silva, and for a petrifying fpring at the foot of it. DEPTFORD, (Kent] 4 m. i-half from London, has a bridge over the r. Raven/bourn, near its influx into the Thames, where it once had a deep ford, from whence the name. The manor was anciently in the fa- mily of the Says, from whom it took the name of SayVCourt ; tho' it has bel, fince to the Evelyns, whafc D E D E whofe Teat is near the dock, and was the refidence of Peter I. Czar of Mufcovy. 'Tis divided into Upper and Lower-Deptford, both together containing above 1900 hoirfes, and has 2 Chs. Here is a noble dock, of above 200 years Handing, with ftere-houfes for the ufe of the navy, one of which, the victualling-office, built in 1745, was, by accident, burnt down in Jan. 1748-9, with a great quantity of provifions and other ftores. This was to have fupplied the place of the old office on Tower-Hill, whofe leafe was near expired. The little fhip in which Sir Francis Drake failed round the world, was, by Q._ Elizabeth's order, laid up in a dock here, for a monument. Here is a place incorporated by K. Hen. VIII. in form of a college, for the ufe of the feamcn, commonly called Tri- nity-Houfe of Deptford-Strond j and a foundation bel. to it, built at dif- ferent times, of which the old part contains 21 houfes, and the new 38, for decayed pilots or mafters of mips, or their widows, the Men being al- lowed 20 s . the women 1 6 s, per month. The Red-Houfe on the N. W. fide of it, was a noted col- leftion of warehoufes and ftorehoufes, but, in July 1739, they were all confumed by a dreadful fire. This T. which was formerly called Weft- Greenwich, will, probably, be foon called Eaft-Rotherhith ; for tho' the fpace bet. both ufed to be reckoned 2, m. and over marines, never like to be inhabited, yet now, what with buildings and docks, &c. on the Thames fide, bet. both places, they are in a manner joined. if. DERBY, (Derbyjh.) 98 cm. 122 mm. from London, has the r. Derwent on the W. fide, and on the S. that called Mertin-Brook, which has 9 bridges over it, before it falls into the Derwent, over which it has a fair ftone -bridge. In the R. of Edw. the Conf. it was a Royal Bor. exempt from paying toll in London, f r any other place, except Winchefter and fome few Ts. more. The Danei had their head quarters here, but were put to the fword by Ethelfleda, at the head of the Mercians. It had walls formerly, and, in the S. E. corner of it, there was a caftle, of which there are no tokens now, but Cow-Caftle-Hill ; and a ftreet lead- ing to St. Peter's, is in old deeds called Caftle-Gate. 'Tis a neat T. divided into 5 ps. All-Saints Ch. which was once collegiate, appears, by an infcription in it, to have been erefted about the R. of Q^ Mary, and one-half of the expence paid by the bachelors and maidens of the T. In the R. of K. Hen. III. it was a royal free-chapel, over which the Bp. of Litchfield and Coventry was forbid to exercife any jurifdiftion. It was pulled down fome years ago, to be rebuilt. Among other monuments of the noble family of the Caven- diflies, fife . it has one for theCountefs, who finifiied the firft model of Chatf- worth-Houfe, and founded an hof. near the Ch. for 8 poor men and 4 women. There is another for Richard Crafhaw, Efq; of London, (who died 1631) a poor nailoi's fon of this place, who went, in a leather doublet, to London, where he grew rich, and left 4000 /. in charities. As to the trade here, 'tis not very confiderable ; for tho' it is a ftaple for wool, yet it depends chiefly on buying corn, and felling it to the Peak, and other places in the hilly country, and in making malt and brewing ale, of both which great quantities are fent to London. By a charter of K. Ja. I. it was governed by 2 bailiffs ; but in the next R. it had a charter for a mayor, high- fteward, 9 aid. a recorder, a town- clerk, 14 brethren, and 14 C. C. men. It has fent burgefles to Pt. from the 23d of Edw. I. By a grant of K. Hen. III. no Jew was to live in the T. K. Henry VIII. granted to the D. and C. of Burton upon Trent the fee -farm rent of this T. and manor, which did bel. to the duchy of D E of Lancafter. Befides the collegiate Ch. it had formerly 3 mons. and fe- veral others were in the neighbour- hood. This T. had the honour of giving title of Earl to feveral noble families, and now to that of Stanley, in the perfon of Edward Ld. Strange. Many gentlemen, who have eftatcs in the Peak, refide here ; and on the Row-ditches near this place are fre- quent horfe-races. In an ifland of the Derwent facing the T. is that cu- rious machine, the only one in the 3 Kms. -viz. the mill, near I -quarter of a m. long, erected in 1734 for the filk manufacture, by Sir Tho. Lombe, who brought the plan of it out of Italy, at the hazard of his life. The model of it, (for which, and for his expence and danger in introducing it, Sir Thomas was allowed 14,000 /. by Pt.) is kept in the record-office in the To'.ver of London, in order to fecure and perpetuate the art of making the fame for the future. The Mt. here is on W. F. and S. Fairs on the Fs. after Epiphany, Eajitr-iveek, May- day, and wbit-funlay ; and on the Fs. before Midfummer, St. Jamefs-day, and Michaelmas ; and another on St. Paul's- day. The voters here for burgeffes, were ve'ry near 900, 30 years ago ; and the mayor is the re- turning officer, Befides the quarterly feflions, and 2 court-leets in the year, a court of record is held here every Tu. fortnight. The Derwent has lately been made navigable to the Trent ; but every entrance to the T. by land, is choaked up with dirt and mire. This place was the extent of the proerefs of the Scots Highland re- bels, which was fo alarming in 174$. (t^ DEREHAM-EAST, (Norf.) or Market-Dereham, 83 cm. 97 mm. from London, is a fair large T. with abundance of hamlets bel. to it, which was formerly almoft burnt down to the ground. In the R. of Q^Eliz. it bel. to the Bps. of Ely, but was afterwards in the crown, be- ing part of the fcttlement made upon Q^ Catherine wife of Cha. II. Sir D E Charles Herbert, furveyor-genmk farmed it, and afterwards purchafed the reverfion. Its Mt. is on F. and Fair June 22, Here was formerly a nunnery. DEREHAM-WKST^AV/".) on the E. fide ofDownham, had an abbey, to which the anceftors of the Walpole family granted lands in Upwell. The fite of it was bought by a gentleman of the fame name $ whofe defendants have had it ever fince, it bein^ now the feat cf Sir Tho. Dereham, Bt. In Dec. 1698 there was a difputation in this Ch. bet. the Norfolk clergy and the quakers. DE.RHAM, DURHAM, or DYR- H AM,(G/r.)on the E. fide of Ruckle- church, is full of fprings that fupply the r. Boyd, and famous for the re- mains of large ramparts and trenches in the field of battle, where Ceaulin, one of the W. Saxon Ks. obtained a great viftory over the Britons. The manor bel. formerly to the Rufiels ; from whom it came, by the female ifiue, to the Dennifles ; then to tha Winters ; and laftly to Will. Blath- wait, Efq; fon of the fecretary of /rate to K. Will. III. who built a fine feat near the Ch. with curious gardens, walks, and water-works ; and adja- cent to it is a large park and warren, with a lodge. Sir Will. Dennis and others founded a guild in this p. in 1620. DERNTHOP, (Nott.) a hamlet of Collingham, bel. formerly to the mon. of Thurgarton ; but K. Hen. VIII. after the Did", granted it to John Bel- lowe and John Broxholme, and their heirs. DERWENT -WATER, (Cumb.) the haven at the mouth of the Derwent, near Workington ; from whence Fran. RatclifY took the title of E. intheR.ofK.Jam.il. which his fon forfeited, as well as his head, by rebellion againft K.. Geo. I. DEVINOTON, (Kent) im. from Fever/ham, had a priory, which, at the DifF. was given by K. Hen. VIII. to Sir Tho. Cheney, whofe fon Heni-y 7 Ld, D E TO D I Ld. Cheney, in the R. of Q^Eliz. fold it to Mr. Bradbourn , from whom it paired through feveral hands to Mr. Boad. DEVINGTON-LITTLE, or DE- viNGTON-CouRT, (Kent) juft by the former, was for feveral generations the manor and feat of the family of the Es. of Atho!, Lds. of Chilham in this neighbourhood, till it patted, by mar- riage, to that of Hallham ; and by the fame means to John Lewknor of S'jflex, who alienated it to Mr. Jam. Dreyland ; by whofe daughter it came to Sir Tho. Walfingham, whofe grand- fon of the fame name fold it to Mr. Simons ; from whom it came thro* feveral hands to fergeant Twifden. ^c DEVIZES, (Wilts] 72 cm. 89 mm. from London. 'Tis fuppofed, from coins, pots, urns, and other an- tiquities dug up hereabouts, to have been once inhabited by the Romans ; and a Dumber of little brafs ftatues of the heathen deities were found under a Roman brick here, in 1714, which were carried about the Km. for a fhew. Here was once a noble caftle, faid to have been one of the ftrongeft in England ; and the Gt. of it was accepted by fome of the prime nobi- lity, as an honour. It was befieged feveral times in the civil wars, but was taken and deftroyed at laft by the Pt's. forces. 'Tis a pretty populous T. on high ground, fenced from the E. winds by hills, that are 2m. off ; and has 2 Chs. befides a chapel, and a diflenters meeting- houfe. The corp. by charter of K. Cha. I. confifts of a mayor, recorder, 1 1 mafters, and 36 C.C. Its chief mf. befides malt, is the woollen, efpecially druggets. The inh. value themfelves for being te- nants to the K. and for one of the beft Mts. in England ; which being en Tb. is much frequented for corn, xvool, horfes, and all forts of cattle ; but here is great fcarcity of water. The buildings are old, and for moft part timber ; yet the model of them being good, they look tolerable ; and here is a very good ch. fc. The Fairs are Febr. 2, Holy-Tb. Trinity-Tb. June-i^, Aug. 29, Sept. zi, and 0.7. 9. which holds 6 days, and is called the Devizes-Green, becaufe it is kept in a pretty plain, fo called, in the fuburbs juft without theT. where is another handfome Ch. and fteepie. A rivulet rifes near the caftle, which runs into the Avon, not far from Bromham. DEWSBURY, (nri.W.R.)flands at the foot of a hill, to the W. of Wakefield. It has been considerable from the earlieft date of chriftianity, among the Englifh of this province ; for Paulinus, who was the firft Abp. of York, about an, 626, is faid to have preached and celebrated here. The Ch. was formerly given to the priory of Lewes in Suffex. DIDITHORP, (Line.) in the p. of Awthorp, on the N. fide of Butter- wick, has 2 famous flukes of ftone into the Trent, at the head of 2 fine drains, or canals, cut by the drains of the Level of Hatfield-Chace. DIGSWELL, (Hartf.) near Wel- ling, and 4m. from Hatfield in the road to Stevenage, ftands on the S. fide of the r. Mimeram. In the R. of Edw. I. Lawrence de St. Nicholas, then Ld. of the manor, procured it a weekly Mt. and a yearly Fair for 10 days. In the R. of Rich. II. it came into the family of the Purients ; and in that of Hen. VIII. to the Horfeys ; ene of whom fold it, in the R. of Jam. I. to Sir Geo. Purient, a branch of the former family, who, in the fame R. conveyed it to Rich. Sidley, Efq; flieriff of the Co. one of whofe heirs fold it to Humph. Shalcrofs, Efq; who was fheriff of this Co. in the R. of Cha. II. whofe heir, Tho. Shalcrofs, Efq; is, or was lately, the polTeflbr. DIGSWELL, (Hartf.} in the p. of Afhwell, on the b. of Cambridgefhire, formerly bel. to Sir Will. Adon ; from whom it pafled to Sir Will. Whitmore, Bt. who fold it to Sam. Garrard, Efq;. Dit- D I TO D O DILSTON, (Nortbumb.} on the S. fide of the Tyne, where a little brook runs into it a m. from Hexham, is in old records called Devilfton. The late E. of Derwentwater, who built a fine hoafe here, had his title of Baron from hence, his father, Sir Francis, having been created Baron of Dillton, Vifc. Ratclift", and E. of Derwent- water in Cumberland, by K. Jam. II. but the fon forfeited all thofe titles, by his rebellion againft K. Geo. I. in 1715; forwhich healfo loft his head. DiNCHURcH,(K"rnO inRomncy- Marfh, joining to the fen, 3 m. i-half N. E. of Romney. The manor was anciently in the Twithams family, who held it feveral fucceffions, till it went, by the female heir, to Simon Septuans ; and from his family it went, by marriage of the heirefs, to Mr. Fogge, who bought fome lands here, that were held by the Poynings, to make his manor compleat. In a place here, called New-Hall, built above 100 years ago, are kept the re- cords of Romney-MarA ; and a court, called the Lathe, is held by the Lds. of the marfli and the members of ti.e corp. who are appointed, by a ftatute 33 of Edw. III. to meet here, or at fome other proper place, a fortnight after Micbac/mas, to regulate all dif- ferences, to make new laws for better management of the Marfli lands and walls, and to take care that the old ones be ftriftly obferved. DINDZR, (Heref.) i m. from the city of Hereford, where is a hill on which the Romans had a camp under the general Oftorius } from whence the vulgar call it Oyfter-Hill. DINGLEY, ( Nortbamp, ) i m. from Market-Harborough, was the feat of Tho. Andrews, Efq; who, be- ing high-flieriff, attended the execu- tion of Mary Q^of Scots, at Fothe- ringhay-Caftle ; as it was alfo of the late Ld. Griffin, who was committed prifoner to the tower, in the R. of Q^Anne. DISSE, (Norf.) 76cm. 93 ram. from London, (lands on the r. Waveney, in the moft S. confines cf the Co. The Mt. which is well ftored with yarn and linen cloth, be- fides other goods, is on F. and the Fair on the eve, day, and morrow of St. Simon and St. Jude, and 3 days after, procured by Robert Ld. Fitz- waker, Ld. of the manor in the R. of Edw. I. IntheR.ofHen.VI.it went, by marriage, to Tho. Ratcliff, Efq; whofe defendants, being Lds. Fitzwalter and Es. of SufTex, enjoyed it, till Robert E. of Suffex alienated it, in the R. of Jam. I. to Frances Shute, widow. Here is a ch. fc. DISTINGTON, (Cumb.} isonthe S. fide of Workington, in alow wet fituation, near the fea-coaft, and bel. formerly to the Croftons, Morelbys, and Brackenthwaits. DITTON, (Lane.) bet. Liverpool and Warrington, is a manor of 430 acres, which bel. lately, if it does not ftill, to Rob. Dalton of Thurn- ham-Hal!, Efq;. DITTON-FENN, (Camb.) near Cambridge, where the ancient family of the Cheyncys had a feat, and now Sir Will. Willys, Bt. DITTON-LONG, (Surry) zrn. from Kingfton, formerly bel. to the Evelyns ; but went from them, by marriage, to Sir Jof. Alfton, Bt. y^f DODBROOK, (Devon.) 170 cm. 198 mm. from London, on the r. Salcomb. Here is a cuftom of paying the parfon tythe of white ale, and a ch. fc. The Mt. is on W. and Fair on IV. before Palm-Sunday. DODDINGHURST, (EJJ'ex] bet. Burntwood and Biliericay, was for- merly the manor of the Veres Es. of Oxford, till Edward E. of Oxford, in the R. of Q^ Eliz. fold it with the park to Rich. Stonley, Efq;. DODFORD. (Nortbatxf.) ftands on a branch of the Avon, where is a ford a little to the S. E. ofDaventry. Some think, it was heretofore the eftate of the Dodt'ords, and that one might take name from the other ; but Dr. Fuller thinks, it is derived from the ford and the dods, or, as they D O D O they are vulgarly called, cats tails, growing in, or near it. The Wyrlies family have lived here a long time. J> DoNCASTER,(nr*. VV. R.) 123 cm. i55mm. from London, has a ruinous caftle, and 2, bridges over the Don } from whence the name. About anno 760, it was burnt down by lightning, but is now a noble, fpa- cious, populous T. 'Tis very ancient, and formerly fent reprefentatives to one of our conventions. 'Tis a corp. confifting of a mayor, recorder, 6 aid. and C.C. K. Jam. II. gave them a charter, which was brought to the town-hall in great pomp, with a train f 300 hoifemen. It granted Fairs on Febr. 2, and NCV. 15 ; befides thofeon July 25, and^a^-. 10, which it had before ; and the Mt. on Tu. for cattle, corn, fc. As it Hands in the road from London to York, here are feveral very good inns. Its mfs. are knit waiftcoats and petticoats, gloves and ftockings. There is a large caufey beyond the bridges, be- caufe the r. is apt to overflow its banks. Here are the remains of a great Roman highway ; and the old horfe-courfe in the neighbourhood is noted for races. Here is an hof. which was founded, and richly endowed, by Tho. Ellis, who had been 5 times mayor. There is the following odd jnfcription on the tomb of a perfcn here, who gave Refington-Wood to the public, i>-x. Howe, Howe, who is heare ? I Robin of Doncaftere, And Margaret my Feare. That I fpent, that 1 had ; That I gave, that I have ; That I left, that I loft. A.D. 1579. " Quoth Robertus Byrks, who in " this world did reign threefcore " years and feven, and yet lived not " one." This T. gave title of Vifc. to the Lds, Hay, in the Rs. of Ja. I. and Cha. I. and" that of E. in the R. of Jam. II. to James D. of Mon- inouth. There is a plealaat road from hence to Bautre, which never wants repair ; and a remarkable old column, called a Crofs, at the end of the T. with a Norman infcription on it. Here was foimerly a priory, and a chantry. * DORCHESTIR, (Dorfet.) the /hire-T. 6 m. from the fea, 97 cm. 123 mm. from London, was the moft confiderable ftation of the Romans in thefe parts. It had 2 mints in the time of the Saxons, and a caftle which was demclifhed by the Danes; but after the Norman conqueft a new one was erected, of which the greateft of the Barons ufed to be governors. 'Tis bounded on the N. fide by the Frome r. beyond which are fine meadows, and warm fandy lands ; and on the S. W. are pleafant chalky Downs. Here are 3 Chs. a town-hall, fliire- hall, and the county-gaol, with its chapel. 'Tis a common faying here, " that St. Peter's Ch. was founded by " one Geoffrey Van, with his wife " Anne, and his maid Nan." But, from a large feal, with all the marks of antiquity, dug up here in a garden, about 70 years ago, with this infcrip- lion^igitlumGalfridideAnn^^^. pofed,that the founder's true name wa* Ann. There are few Ts. in England better paved, and built ; and the view of it is every way delightful. Here was a dreadful fire, Aug. 6, 1613, which confurr.ed 2 of the Chs. fince rebuilt, and about 300' houfes, to the damage of 200,000 /. yet net a foul perifhed in it. The ftreets are wide and clean, the inns large, the Mts. and Fairs well frequented j and the toll of both is veftsd in the corp. who hold the manor of the Bor. at a fee- farm rent from the crown. K. Ja. I. empowered them to chufe a recorder ; and by a charter cf K. Cha. I. they have a mayor, 2 bailiffs, 6 aid. and 6 capital burgefies ; befides whom, there is n governor yearly chofe by 24 C.C. whofe office is chiefly to lock after the trade of the T. Here are a fr. fc. and 3 alm&oufes. The Roman Ikening-Street, which enters this D O D O place, by the N. of Winterburn, at Weft-Gate, is plainly traced here ; and the foundations of the Roman wall appear quite round the T, and tho' on the E. fide a ftreet is built on it, and the ditch filled up, yet 'tis frill called the Walls. The Romans had an amphitheatre near it, which is now called Mawmbury, and the ter- race upon it is a noted place of ren- dezvous, here being a fine profpefl of the T. and country. It was one of the winter ftations of the Roman legions ; and many Roman coins have been dug up here, particularly K. Dor's money, called here Dorn- money. The alFizes and quarter- feffions, and the elections of the Kts. of the /hire are held here. There was a friary here formerly, and in its deanery are 45 ps. This T. is noted for excellent beer and cakes, and it ufed to fend great quantities of malt to Briftol. It has almoft loft the mf. of broad-cloth, for which it was ones fo famous, and its ferge trade is not very confiderable ; but great profit is made here by their flieep, of which 'tis faid that no lefs than 600,000 are fed within 6 m. round the T. Their downs abound with thyme and other aromatic herbage, fo nourifhing, that their ewes gene- rally bring 2 lambs ; for which rea- fon, they are bought up by all the farmers of the E. part of England, who carry them to Bedfordfhire, Bucks, Oxford/hire, and to Kent and Surry ; and even Banftead -Downs, fo famous for good mutton, are fupplied from hence. This T. ever fmce K.. Cha. I. has given title of Marquis to the Dukes of Kingfton ; though once it gave that of Countefs, for her life only, to Mrs. Catherine Sedley, fo created by K. James II. whofe miftrefs {he was. This T. has fent members to Pt. ever fince the origi- nal demand of burgeffes, in the R. of EJw. I. The Mts. are on W. anil F. Fairs Feb. z, M.r: 2, 7>/W.' V '-&f. Jan'. 24, July 5, the three iart lor ihecp. DORCHESTER, (Oxf.) 6m. from Abingdon, and 10 from Oxford, hat a bridge over the Thame, and, by the coins and medals often dug up in and near it, it was an ancient city of the Britons, and alfo a Roman (ra- tion. 'Twas the See of a Bp. near 500 years, till, in the R. of Will, the Conq. it was tranflated to Lin- coln ; and it had once 5 ftately Chs. tho' now but one, and is a fmall village, fince the lofs of the See, and turning the high-road to London an- other way. Here was formerly an abbey. There is a vulgar tradition, that no fnakes will live in this p. and the oldeft men here fay, they never faw any venomous creature in its diftrift. On the S. W. fide of the T. there are 2 banks, with a trench bet. them, called Dike-Hills. DORDON, (Jf^ariu.) originally a member of Polefworth, bel. formerly to the Grendons, and then to the Bagots of Stafford/hire ; but the greateft part of it was in the Chet- winds family in 1640. The inh. are in the leet of Polefworth. DORN, (Wore.) in the p. of Block- ley, on the b. of Glocefterfhire, from which the Roman fofTeway runs thro* it ; and the people have a tradition, that it was cnce a city ; at leaft here are plain tokens of its antiquity, and of its having been a Roman colony, abundance of coins, both Roman and Briti/h, having been found here by the hufbandmen. DOR SING TON, (Wariv.} bel. to the p. of Welford in Glocefterfhire. Maud ROUE, widow, had it, in the R. of Hen. VIII. and from her it defcended, in the next R. to Sir John Brome of Ragley. DosMERY-Poor., (Cornic.) 5 m. N. of Lefkard, is on the top of a hill about i m. in circuit, and, though fed by no vilible means, decreales v.i'.li drought, or increafes with rain very little, is nc where above z n- tiiMii :-nd half deep, and breeds n fiiJi but id:. D O jfc DOVER, (Ken') 55 cm. 71 mm. from London, 285 from the Land's- End, Cornwall, and 30 from Calais in France, is one of the Cinque- Ports, whofe fituation is perfectly romantic, in a valley un.k-r a feini- circle of hiils, and 'is the only one about the coaft where \v,,ier is ad- mitted inwards of the ciirFs, which are here very high, and abound \vith lamphire. It had once 7 Crn. now but 2, and had feveral religious - houfes. It was aifo svalled, and had 10 gates ; and the pafiage from hence to France being nearer than from any pore in England, there was a law formerly, that none fhould go to it but from hence. Our packet- boats go twice a week from hence to France and Flanders. 'Tis a popu- lous place, and noted for its tide- harbour. It was incorporated in the R. of Edw. the Confef. by the flile of mayor and commonalty, and the townfmen were called burgefies, from whom the mayor chofe afiiftants for his year, who being fworn to faith- ful fervice, were called jurats ; which name and office are now common to all the Cinque-Ports. The courts of chan- cery, admiralty, &c . relating to them all, are kept in St. James's Ch. and here are a cuftom-houfe and victual- ling-office. One of the (beets is called Snare-Gate, from the dreadful rocks of chalk that hang over it. On a neighbouring ftecp rock, or chalky hill, /lands- the caftle, which is its chief glory, and was fo fortified in the Saxons time, that it was reckon' d the lock and key cf England ; but 'tis too high to hurt any rtiip at fea, and could not ftand a formal liege on the land fide half a day, tho' the area of its fortification is 30 acres. 'Tis faid to have been begun by Ju- lius Caefar, and finiihed by Claudius. The well here, which is 60 fathom deep, and called Mr. Watfon's Cel. lar, is faid to be the work of Julius. 'Tis round, and lined to the bottom with free-ftone, and the water is irawn ot of it by a wheel, in which D O men wafli. In (^ Anne's wars there were no lets than 1500 priibners in this caftle at one time. Here is a brai's gun of 22 feer, the longefl in thj '.vcrld, and of the moft curious workmanihip, which was prefented by the States of Utrecht to Q^Eliz. and is called her Pocket-piftcl j it requires 15 pounds of powder, and \vill carry a ball, they fay, 7 m. At the W. end of an old Ch.. here, faid to have betn built by Lucius the firft Chriftian K. in Britain, there is a Ro- man Pharos, or watch-tower j and upon another rock over-againft the cattle, are the remains of another witch-tower, called Bredemitone, and by the vulgar the Devil's Drop, from the ftrength of the mortar. Here the conftable of the caftle is fworn. Soon after the Conqueft, great part of th'is T. was deftroyed by fire, as it was alfo in the R. of Edw. I, by the French, who landed in the night. Tho' the harbour, which be- fore was choaked up, was made na- vigable in the R. of Q^Eliz. for a ftiip of fome hundred tons, and tho' the Pt. in K. William's R. gave io,coo /. to improve it, yet 'tis only fit for fmall fhips, and that at high- water. The fliips which carry freight fiom Virginia and New- York to Hol- land, generally unlade their goods here, to enter them with the cuftcm- hcufe officer?, and pay the duties ; after which they reload them, draw back the duty by debenture, and then proceed to Holland. Dover, when in the height of its profperity, had 21 wards, of which each fnrniftcd a fhip of war, snd maintained it 40 days at its own expence, in con- fideraticn whereof, each ward had a licenced packet-boat. According to the Tover records, the fare was thus fettled, ii: the R. of Rich. II. i-ix. for a fingle perfon in fummer, 6 d. in winter, I s. for a horfe in fum- mer, i j. 6 d. in winter, 1 1. Seve- ral families have had the title of Earl from this T. which now gives that of Duke to the Duke of Queenlberry. The D O TO D fc The Mt. here is W. and S. Fairs Aug. 24, Sept. 21, Nov. n, for 9 day;. The Roman Watling-Street coming ftraight from Canteibury, over Barham-Down, enters this place at Biggin-Gate> There are fome re- mains of the T. walls, and alfo of a priory here, which is now a farm- houfe ; and that which was the Kts. Templars houfe over-ag?.inft it,is made a ftore-houfa. The piers which form the haven are coftly great works, and above is a fort with 4 baftions. The broad beach, which lies at the mouth of it, and was the harbour in Qatar's time, is very delightful, as the fight of the bottom from the adjacent cliffs is dreadful. DOVERCOURT, (Effex) the mo- ther Ch. of Harwich, whofe giebe was given, by K. James I. together with the Lp. to Sir Geo. Whitmore, whofe pofterity did lately, if they do not ftill, enjoy it. DOWARD-HILL, (Heref.) in the S. b. of it, in the p, of Whitchurch, where, in digging for iron ore and lime-ftone, broad arrow heads and gigantic bones have been found ; and by the ditches there, 'tis fuppofed to have been once a fortification. {3=- DOWNHAM, (Ncrf.) 71 cm. 89 mm. from London, has its name from its hilly fituation, though the common name is Downham-Market, from its being a Mt. wh"ich is on 8, and of fo ancient a date, that it was confirmed by Edw. the Conf. -It has an ugly bridge over the Great-Oufe, where it erodes from Marfliiand- Oufe, and a port for barges. The Fair here is June 22. The manor bel. anciently to the abbey of Ram- fey in Huntingdonfhire ; but after the DifT. came to Sir Francis Gawdy , from whom it went by marriage to Sir Will. Newport, alias Hatton, whofe daughter carried it by marriage to Robert Rich Earl of Warwick. It has fince been in the poffeflion of Sir Tho. Hare, Bt. and we fuppofe it to be now in his heirs. ijc DOWN-TON, alias DONCKX. TON, (Wihi] 67 cm. 84 mm from London, is an ancient Bor. by pre- fcription. The Mt. is on F. and the Fairs April iz, and St. Mattltius- a'ay. "I is pleafantly fituate on tha Avon, and governed by a mayor, chofe yearly, at the court-leet of Sir James Aflie, Ld. of the manor, un- der the Bp. of Winchefter. This place was the; feat of that hero Bea- vois of Southampton. D o w R s, ( Hcrsf. ) on the r. Droyer, bet. the Golden- Vale and Monmcuthfhire, had formerly an ab- bey, and has now a ch. fc. DRACOTT, (War-io.} on the W. f' - cf Dunchiirch, was formerly a Lp. of the Dracotts, then of the Verdons. After them it came to Sir John Delves, whofe fon fold it to Sir William Bagot ; and from hi* jffue it was conveyed to John of Gaunt, whofe fon, afterwards K. Hen. IV. gave it to the D. and C. of Leicefter. At the Din. K. Edw. VI. granted it to Thomas Hawkins, and his heirs, who conveyed it to John Smith, then the farmer of it; after which it came, partly by marriage and partly by purchafe, to Thomaa Worcefier, whofe pofterity enjoyed it in 1640. DSACOTT, (Staff.} bet. Cheadle and Uttoxeter, bel. alfo to the Dra- cotts. In its church-yard is one of the pyramidal frones , which the Danes ufed to fet up over the graves of great men. DRAKFNEDGE, (War.} an ham- let originally in N'ether-Whitacre, whkh bel. totheMarmions ofTam- worth-Caftle, and then to the Man- cetrcs, who held it of the Lds. of Nether- Whitacre, by the fervice of a pair of gilt fpurs. It afterwards pa(3ed to Robert de Herle and his heirs, and then defcended to the Haftings. DRAWDIKES, (C;/w*. ) on the Picls-Wall, bet. Stanwicke and Raw- cliff, the feat of the Aglicnbys, where P 3 U D R D R it by marriage, in the R. of w. III. to Thomas Ld. Berkley, ?s a Roman altar, with an infcrip- tion. DRAX, (York. W. R. ) by the Oufe, a little to the S. E. of Barnef- ley, where was anciently a caftle and a men. Here is an hof. and a fchool- houfe, erefted by Charles Read, Efq; a native of this place, and a judge of Ireland, which he endowed alfo with 3oo /. a year. DRAY COT, (Wilts) bet. Pewfsy and Martcnfall -Hill, formerly the Lp. of the Lilies 5 from whom it vent Edw. in whofe .defendants it continued" a Icrp time, if it does not ftill. 3> DRAYTON, (Salop) u8cm. 349 mm. from London, has a Mt. on W. and Fairs en the W. befoi e Palm-Sw.day, and 08. 13. The Ccibets family had a feat here, feme of whom were iheriffs of this Co. from the 33d of Hen. MI. in moft of the fucceeding Rs. to the nth of Cha. I. DRAY T CN-BAS s E T, (Staff.} near Tr.rmvcrth, To called from the Baf- fets, who became Lds of it foon after the Conqucft. In the R. of Hen. IV. .it \VS the Earl of Stafford's, in .vhofe family it continued, til], by the attainder of Edw. Stafford, the .]aft D. of Bucks of that name, it efcheated to Hen. VIII. who leafed it, for many years, to one Robinfon, v.hofe Ton fold it to Rich. Paramore ; but the latter conveyed it to the Earl of Le'xeP.er j by whofe wife it went to Sir Cha. Blount, who fecured it .to his poflerity. Here %vas formerly a nunnery. DR AY TON-\VEST, (Midd.) near Cowley, bel. anciently to St. Paul's D. and'c. but K. Hen. VIII. granted it to Sir William Paget, and it has been almoft ever fince a feat of the Lds. Paget, Earls of Uxbridge, DRIFFIELD, (Ckc.) totheS.E. of Cirencefter, is a p. 7 m. in con";, but is, for the moft part, low and watery. It did lately bel, to Sir Ceo, Hanger. DROFFIELD, GREAT and LIT- TLE, (York, E. R.) near Kiiham, in the road from Severity. The r. Hull lifes bet. them, which pailes to the Humber. Jf. DROITWICH, (Wire.} 82 cm. 95 mm. from London, and 5 m. from the Severn, ftands en the navi- gable r. Salwarp, and is noted for its fprings of fait. 'Tis a corporate bailiwick, with about 400 houfes, tnd 4 Chs. It has been much inriched by its fall-works, which was made here even before the Conq. and the taxei Ennually paid for it from hence to the crown smount to about 50,000 /. at the rate of 3 t. 6 d. a bufheL 'Tis made only from the fummer to the winter folfiice, for fear cf cver- ftocking the Mt. The proprietors of its falt-pits are a corp. and none elfe can be a burgefs here, to have a vote in the election of the 2 merr.bers which it fends to Pt. In 1290, St. Andrew's Ch. and the greateft part of the T. was burnt. It had great privileges from K. John, fome of which it ftill retain?, and was much favoured by Henry III. and other Princes. In the Rs. of Edw. I. and II. this Bor. returned members to Pt. 8 times, but difccnt'nucd it afterwards, till the ift of Q^Mary, when it had farther privileges, befiies the renewal of the former j and Ja. I. granted it a new charter. 'Tis go- verned by a bailiff" and buigefies. The bailiff is a jufHce cf the quorum, and a juflice of the peace next year. Its recorder is alfo a juilice. The Mt. is on F. Fa'rs en Gtod-F. iV. Simcn and Jade, and St. Tltn-.as's-J.'.j!. Here was formerly a chantry. J^DRONFIELD, (Deity.) fiands 4 m. W. of Balfover, and 1:2 err. 124 mm. N. W. from Lcndcn, a- mong the mountains at the edge of the Peak, in fo wholfome an sir, that the natives commonly live to a very great age, and 'tis therefore foreforted to, that it abounds with gentry and fine buildings. Befides a ch. fc. here is a free grammar -fchool, founded in D R TO D U 1567, by H. Fanfhaw, Efq; a native of this p. who was remembrancer in the exchequer to Q^ Eliz. and in 1670, Francis Burton, Efq; Ld. of the manor, procured a charter for a Mt. on Tb. and 4 yearly Fairs, vix- Jan. 10, April 14, July 15, and Sept. i. Here was a chantry, which is now an alehoufe. DR VMBUGH-CASTLE, ( Climb. ) 6 m. from Carlifle, ftands on the Pitts-Wall, near the r. Ellen, and in the p. of Boalnefs, and was formerly a Roman ftation. It bel. not many years ago to the D. of Norfolk, as alfo to the Lds. Dacre, and now to the Ld. Lonfdale. (Ef" DUDLEY, (Wore.') 96 cm. 119 mm. from London, lies on the b. of Stafford/hire, has a ch. fc. a Mt. on S. and a Fair July 2.5. 'Tis a place' of good refort, being in the road from Birmingham to Bridge- north, 10 m. from the former, and 1 6 from the latter, and from hence to Bromfgrove, which is about 18 m. is a turnpike road, near which, at Netherton in this p. of Dudley, is a ten-yard coal-mine, of at leaft ten acres. DUDLEY.CASTIK, (Staff.) juft by the T. above-mentioned, and 4 m. from Wolverhampton. Its old caftle was demolished by Hen. II. when in poffefiicn of Gervafe Paganel, who rounded a priory here. The manor going by marriage to John de Someri, and his heirs, one of theiri had a licsnce, in the R. of Henry III. to make a caftle of his manor-hovfe here. It parted, in the R. of Edw. II. by marriage to John de Sutton, in whole pofterity it continued, til] after the cxtinftion of the family, it went by marriage to Hum. Ward, the fon of Sir Will. Ward, a rich gcldfmith of London, who thereby became pof- fefTed both of the manor and caitle, as his fucceflors, the Lds. Dudley and Ward, have been fince. This caftie is a good old fpacif us building, with great trenches about it, hewn out of fhe reck, and ftands on a high hiJ!, having an extenfive profpeft into five fiiiies, and a great part of Wales. One part of it is in ruins, but the other part was not very long ago repaired. In the hall is a table, all of one plank, of above 17 yards long, part of an oak from the New4>ark at Dudley, which meafured 7 yards 9 inches more, that were cut oft" to fit it to the haJl, and contained 100 ton at leaft of neat timber. DUDMASTON, (Salop) on the E. fide of the Severn, and a little to the S. of Bridgenorth, was the ancient feat of the Wolriches, Bts. and is a noble Structure, en a rifing ground, that gives it a delightful profpe&. Here was formerly a chantry. DUDS TON, (Warw.) near Bir- mingham, in the road to Stafford- Shire, is an ancient village that takes its name from Dodo, or Dud, its original Ld. It was afterwards the eftate of the Ailefburys, and then of the Holts, whofe descendant, Sir Thomas Holt, Bt. was Ld. of it in, 1640. The place, befides its hall and park, is of little note now, but for a cockpit. DUG DALE, (Warto.) not far from Nuneaton, ftands high, and is fup- pofed to have had anciently forr.e caftle or notable fort, there having been foundations of buildings dug up in it, and a piece of Roman copper coin with the head of the Emperor Trr-jan. (j> DULVERTON, (Som.) on the b. ct Devonshire, ftands, with a bridge, on the DunSbrook, near its fall into the Ex, 136 cm. 169 mm. from Lon- don, is a place of good accommo- dation, and has a Me. on -S\ and Fairs Off. 28, and June 20, chiefly for oxen ami Sheep. There'are Ibirie lead-mines near this T. but ths ore is hard and barren, and the lead that comes from it harder than that of Mendip-HiJls. William Montacute Earl of Sail/bury formerly granted this manor, an*indeed the 'whole H. to the men, of Tiumton, P 3 Dui- D U D V DUIWICH, (Srry) on the b. of Kent, 5in. from London, is noted for the medicinal waters in its neighbour- hood, called Sydenham-Wells, much reforted to in the purging leafon ; but much more for that, called The College cfGctfs Gift, founded in 1619 by Will. Allen ; who, being a prin- cipal adtor in many of Shakefpeare's plays, and perfonating the devil in one of them (who is laid to have appeared in propri,i p.'r.'ira") was fo affrighted, that he vowed to erel this hof. which he founded for a matter and warden (who were to be always rn Allen) 4 fellows (of whom 3 were to be di- vines, and the 4th an organift) 6 poor men, as many poor w r ornen, and la poor boys, therein to be educated by one of the fellows as fchoolmafter, and by another as ufher. In his ori- ginal endowment he excluded all fu- ture benefactions to it, and confiituted fr vifitors the Ch. wardens of St. Ciles's Cripplegate, St. Saviours's Southwark, and St. Botolph/s Bi- ihopfgate ; who, upon occafion, were to appeal to the Abp. of Canterbury, fcefore whom, all the members at their admiflion were to be fworn, A cha- pel bel. to it, in which the founder himfelf, who was feveral years mafter f his college, lies buried. DUMBLETON, (GVer.)nearBeke- ford and the Vale of Eve/ham, is a p. 5 m. in com. with a brook running through it, called Ifborn. The manor bel. to the abbey of Abingdon, from Will, the Conq." to the Ref. when it was given to Thomas Ld. Audley and Sir Tho. Pope, by whom it was alie- nated to Tho. Cox, Efq; of a Kentifli family; from whom defcended Sir Rich. Cox, the owner of all the lands in the p. who, being alfo the patron and conftant Ch. warden, is obliged to keep it in repair ; yet part of the p. is an impropriaticn be!, to Trinity- Coll. Oxford j and on that account has a claim to a fellowfhip in that Coll. The N. ifle of theCh. bel. to the Daf- tons, who have a vault in it, end a foong tower at the W, ecd, Here is a ch. fc. ered~led at the charce of Sir Rich. Cox aforefaid. DUN CHURCH, (War.} 3m. from Hillmorton. It bel. formerly to the mon. of Pipwell ; but in 1640 was in the pcfleffion of Francis Ld.Dunfmore; Sir Rowland Hill, lord-mayor of Lon- don in 1349, who had part of this manor, had a caufey creeled at his own expence, from hence to Branfon, above z m. in length. Here is a ch. fc. founded and endowed by Mr. Boughtcn of Cawfton in this p. who died 1707. DUNDENE, (Scm.) not far from Sedgsmoor, was the manor of the Malets ; from whom it parted, by marriage, to the Vivions ; and from them, by the fame means, to the Beauchamps. DUNDRY, (Scm. ) bet. Pensford and Keyniham ; where died, in Feb. 1742, Sarah KeedweJl, who lived to be 107, and left grand. children, and great grand-children, to the number of 73- DUNHAM, (Nctt.} on the Trent, near Normanton ; whofe lateft owners were the E. of Shrew/bury, Mr. Markham, C-fr. DUNHAM-MASSZY, (Cbejh.) on the r. Merfey, in Bowden p. 3 m. from Warrington, was, before the conquefr, the feat of the Mafleys ; then of the Fittons and Venables 5 afterwards of the Booths ; and now of the E. of Warrington. DuNINGTON, or DoNINGTON, (Berks] N. ofSpinham-Land, is wa- tered by the little trout-ftream, called the Lambcurn, which runs into the Kennet, near Thatcham. The Lp. bel. formerly to Sir Rich, de Adder- bury, who is faid to have founded a hof. here ; and to have built a caftle on the brow of its hill, which was the feat of the celebrated poet, Chau- cer ; who, as tradition fays, ufed to compcfe his poems under an oak" le- maining there not long ago, which was called Chaucer's oak. The caftle was garrifoned in the civil wars for K. Ch. I. and held out bravely againft the E, of Eflex, and 3 other Pt? offi- cers. D U ers, till relieved by the K. when the lieee was raifed. *> DUN MOW, (EJfix) on the Chelmer, 31 cm. 38 mm. from Lon- don, gives name to its H. of which the high-fheriff'of the Co. isat liberty to appoint the bailiff". 'Tis very an- cient, and fuppofed to be the old Cx- faromagus ; and in fome places, in the direft road from hence to Colchefier, are the remains of an old Roman way. 'Tis governed by 12 headboroughs j out of whom the bailiff" is chofe yearly. Here was formerly a priory ; and it is recorded, that in the R. of Hen. III. the Ld. Fitzwalter inftitutcd a cuftom, which ftill goes along with the manor, vix. That whatever married man did not repent of his marriage, or quarrel with his wife, in a year and a day after it, mould go to this priory, and have a gammon or flitch of bacon ; provided that he fwore to the truth of it, kneeling upon z hard pointed ftones in the priory Ch.-yard, before the prior and convent, and the whole T. And the records here mention feveial per- fons, who have claimed, fome very Jately,- and received it accordingly. Here is a good corn Mt. on 5. and Fairs Apr. 25, and Off. 28. The Ch. is near i m. from the T. Here is a mf. of bays. Sir John Jenour, Bt. has a feat at Bigwoods here, as had the late Sir Swinnerton Dyer, Bt. at Newton-Hall. (C3> DoNNINGTON, (Line.) 84 cm. 99 mm. from London, has a Mr. on S. noted for a large fale of hemp, and hemp-feed ; a Fair May 15 ; and a port for barges, by which goods are carried to and from Bofton, and the wafhes. DUNNING TON, Caftle and Park, (Leic.) by the Trent, and in the moft N. b. of the Co. (being but jm. from Derby) fo called from a caftle built here by the Beaumonts Es. of Lei- cefter, went from them to John Lacy E. of Lincoln, who procured it a Mt. and Fair from Edw. I. but they have been long fince difufed. It was after- wards forfeited to the crown j and D U therein continued, till the R. of Q., Eliz. when Robert E. of Effex having a grant of the park, fold it to the E. of Huntington. Here was formerly a mon. DUNSBY-HAI.L, (Line.} jm. N.W. of Sleaford, was fettled, by Sir Tho. Sutton, on the Charter-Houfe in London. 'Tis faid, here are cha- lybe.it fprings. {t^DuNS TABLE y(Bedf.} 30 CHI. 34mm. from London, ftands en a chalky hill at the entrance of the Chiltern, where the old Roman way, Wading- Street, is crofisd by Ickneld- Street ; and Roman coins have been fometimes picked up near it, which the country-folks called Madning Money. Not far from it alfo, on the very defcent of the Chiltern-Hills, is an area of 9 acres, with a deep ditch and rampart round it, which is called Maiden-Bour. This T. having been ruined by the Danes, was rebuilt by Hen. I. who msde it a royal Bor. but it never fent members to Pt. though once fummcned in the R. of Edw. II. In 1214 a council was held here by the Abp. of Canterbury. K. Edw. I. erefled a crofs here, with the arms of England, &V. in memory of his Q^Eleancr, but it wis demolished in the civil wars by the Pt. army. Here feveral of the Lollards were martyred, in the Rs. of Hen. V. and VII. The Ch. is part of a priory, built by Hen. I. and oppofile to it is a farm-honfe, called Kingfbury, once a royal palace. An epitaph in its Ch. mentions a woman here, who had 3 children each at 3 feveral births, and 3 each at 2 others. The larks taken hereabouts are faid to be the largeft andbeft in the Km. The road here, being broad, well-beaten and plain, it being the centre of many roads to London, has given rife to the proverb, " As plain as Dunftahle road." Here are 4 Areets, anfwering to the 4 car- dinal winds ; and, for want of fprings here, they have each a publick pond, which, though only fupplied by rain- water, are never dry. 'Tis a popu- loo D U D U Jous T. and has fcveral good inns ; feme of which a v e like palaces, it be- ing a great thoroughfare to the Ccs. in the N. and N.W. and confer': Scotland and Ireland. Its Mt. is W> Fairs Ajb-Wcd. May i, and Aug. I. This place feems, in former times, to have been famous for brew- ing ; and, at this time, the womea hereabouts carry on a great mf. of hats, and other convenier.cies and utenfils m?de of ftraw ; in which, it is faid, they excel all the world. This part of the Co. was formerly very woody, .and, together with the faftneffes in the Chiltern-Kills, was a harbour fcr great gangs of highway- men ; to curb whom, K. Hen. I. built Kingfbury abovementicned, after the T. had been ruined by the Danes, and then re-peopled the place, by promi- fir.g great privileges to fuch of his fubjefts, as were willing to come and fettle heie. DUNSTABURG H-C A S T L E, {Ncnb.wb.} on the fea-fide, bet. the Coquet and Fern-Wands, or bet. Ayl- r^cuth and Barr.burgh-Caftle, bel. formerly to the Es. of Lancafter ; of whom Thomas, in the R. ot Edw. II. \vas, for rebellion, beheaded on a plain without the T. where a beautiful Ch. was afterwards erected to his memory. The caftie, which came aftcnvaras to John of Gaunt, 'E. of Richmond, and D. of Lancafter, continued in that fa- mily, till Edw. IV. befieged, battered and mined it. This place is noted for a fort of ftones, like thofe of St. Vincent's -Rock near Briftol. The foil here is fo fruitful, tbat Dr. Gib- fon, late Bp. of London, in his addi- tions to Camden, reports, that 240 buihels of corn, befides fevcral cart loads of hay, were produced net long ago, within the circumference of this caftie. j^> DuNSTER,(5cw.)2m. from Minhead, 130 cm. 164 mm. from London, had a caftie, which, with the manor, was bellowed, by Will, the Cong, on Sir Will. Mohun, together with 50 other manors ia this Co. whereupon he built the T. about it, with a priory which he made a cell to Bath. It was in later times fold to the Lutterels. The T. ftands on a low grcuncl, every where fhut in with hills, except tov.-ards the Severn- Sea. The caftie, now. in ruins, con- fifted of 2 wings, and 3 towers ; and has a fine profpeft of a vale of 2m. bounded by the Severn. In the civil wars it was garr'foned for K. Cha. I. but taken by general Bhke. 'Twas the prifon of Will. Prynn, fcr refu- fing to pay taxes to Crcrmvell, to whom he was then as great an enemy, as he had been before to the K. Here are abcut 400 houfes, and its cnly mf. is kerfeys. The Ch. which is large, has a handfome tower built in the R, of Hen. VII. 'Tis called a Bor. in old writings, and once fent members to Pt. The Mt. is F. Fair on Wkit.M. D u x s T c N, (Staff. ) on the N. fide of Penk ridge, is noted fcr an eccho in*a field on the W. fide of its cha- pel, which diftinftly repeats 7 or 8 fyllables. if: Dur;wiCH, (Suffolk] on the coaft, 82 cm. 95mm. from London, is of the moft early note of any T. in the Co. In 630 it was an epifcopal fee, afterwards divided into 2 fees, vix. one here, the ether at North- Elmham ; but Will, the Conq. tranf- ferred them firft to Thetford, then to Norwich. From the coirs that are fometiiEcs found here, it is fuppofed to have been a Roman f>ation 5 but though Sir Hen. Spelman mentions a report, that here were once 52 Chs. and mons. yet the fea has fwallowed up all the Chs. except All-Saints. In the i6th century it was however a populous place, and had a rr.'nt. The free burgefles gave K. jchn 500 marks of filver for his charter, befides 10 falcons, and 5 gerfalcons ; and they alf'o gave him zco marks an DURSLEY, (Give.) 84 cm. 97 mm, from London, had anciently a caftJe, which, tho' quite gone, the memory of it is kept up in that called CaftJeneld. The manor was given, in the R. of Will, the Conqueror, to Roger de Berkley, in whofe family it continued, without interruption, till the R. of Edw. IV^and ftill gives title of Vifc. to the Earls of that family ; but it defcended then by marriage to the Wokeys, who fold it to the Efcourts. 'T'is a corp. go- verned by a bailiff and 4 conftables j and its chief mf. is woollen cloth. 'Tis faid the inh. were heretofore fo noted for craft, that to denote a fharper, they called him, proverbially, a man of Durfley ; but 'tis certain the prefent generation don't deferve to be brandad with that epithet. The Mt. is on Tb. Fairs April 25, and Wev. 23. 'Tis faid there is a rock of ftone here, without any chop or flit, which, tho' foft in hewing, and therefore is called puff- ftone, is ex- ceeding durable. Here was formerly a chantry. % OUT TON, (Cbejb.') on the Wee- ver, N. W. of Northwich, was the manor-feat of the Duttons, who had a park here, but now Ld. Gerard's of Bromley. 'Tis remarkable of the ancient family of thefe Che/hire Dut- tons, that no fidler, or other mufi- cian, is fuffered to play in this Co. without the licence of the Ld. of Dutton, who keeps a court for the fame, on Midfummer-day, at Che- fter } and, in the R, of 'Hen, VII. a quo warranto was brought again* Lawrence Dutton, of Dutton, Efq; to fliew why he claimed all the fid- lers, &c . of Chefhire, to attend him at the time and place aforefaid, and then and there to give him 4 bottles of wine and a lance ; and alfo every mufician to pay him 4 d. half-penny, and every whore following her cal- ling to pay him 4 d. to which he pleaded prescription ; and thofe min- ftrels licenced by the heirs of Dutton, are exempted out of the ftatute of Rogues, 39th Eliz. This has been the cuftom of the family above 500 years, ever fince Ralph Dutton, joining his rabble of fidlers, pipers, and other minftrels, with Roger de Lacy his father-in-law, who was conftable of Chefter, frighted the Wel/hmen from befieging Ranulph II. Earl of Chefter, in the caftle of Ruth- Ian, where he would probably have been taken prifoner. E A EARESBY-PLACE, (L/f.) near Spilfby, was originally in the family of Bee, and parted by mar- riage to the Willoughbys, and by the fame means from them to the Ber- ties, of whom Peregrine Bertie fate in Pt. in the R. of Q^ Eliz. with the title of Ld. Willoughby of Earefby. Here is a ch. fc. EARSHAM, (Narf.) near Bungay, had a park, which, with the houfe appertaining to it, bel. to the mon. of Sibton in Suffolk, but the manor to the famUy of tbe Howards Ds. of Norfolk. EAST BORN, (Suffex} lies under Beachy-Head, and is the chief place for wheat-ears, that delicious bird fo like the French ortolans. EASTBORN, (Suffex} on the N. fide of Midhurft, anciently the Lp. cf the Bohuns, one of whom founded a nunnery here. From them it paffed to the family of Badlefmeie, and from E A E A from them by marriage to the Tip- tofts. EAST BRIDGE, (Kent) on the N. fide of Romney-Madh, bel. formerly part to the abbey of Bradfole near Dover, and part to the Kts. Temp- lars j but, at the Ref, Edward VI. granted it to Cuthbert Vaughan, Efqj who having purchafed the fee-llmple of Q._Eli7,. left it by will to Rkhard Deering, Efq; his wife's fon. EAST ON, (Suffolk) 6 m. from Woodbridge, formerly bel. to the Wingfiel Js, now the feat of the Earl of Rochford. EASTON-GRAY, (Wilts] on the Lower-Avon, near Sopworth and Tedbury, is a manor valued at near 400 /. a year, and was late Mr. Muf- grove's. EASTON-GREAT, (EJfix) on the E. fide of the Chelmer, z m. from Dunmow. In the R. of Rich. II. it bel. to the family of Monk, and \tent by marriage to that of Ld. Stourton ; but coming at length to be Sir Ralph Warren's, and then Sir Tho. Knivet's, it paffed by them to William Ld. Maynard, fo created in Cha. I. in v/hofe family it has con- tinued ever fince. EASTON-LITTLE, (Efflx) on the W. fide of the Chelmer, over- againft the other, was Sir Tho. Lo- vaine's manor anciently ; but, in the R. of Edw. III. palled by marriage to Sir Will. Bourchier, whofe pofte- rity were Earls of Effex ; but, after they had enjoyed it for feveral fuc- ceffions, it was conveyed to the Thrcgmortons ; from whom it was purchafed by the Maynards, who have the feat here which did bel. to the Earls of Effex laft mentioned, and derive their title of Barofi from hence. In old records this place is called Eftaynes ad Turrim, or by the Tower. EAST WELL, (AT^)ontheS.W. Me of Wye. near Afliford, anciently the manor of a family of that name, and afterwards that of the Herberts, the Criols, Rokefleys, Poynings, and Piercys Earls of Northumberland, who fold it to Sir Tho. Cheyney and others ; from whom it paffed to Sir Chr. Hales, attorney-general to K. Hen. VIII. and Mr. John Col= r e- ?cr, who married his daughter to Sir 'ho. Movie, by whom the greateil part of that ftupendous fabrick was built, which is now, with its fine parks, the feat of the Earl of Win- chelfea and Nottingham, to whole family it defcended, by the marriage of Sir Tho. Movie's daughter. EAST WICK," (Hertf.} on the r. Stour, i m. from Goldefton, in the road from thence to London. In the time of William the Conq. it bel. to Geoffery de Beche. Being afterwards in the crown, K. Hen. III. gave it to Rich. Thaney, the iheriff of Ef- fex and Hertford ; one of v. hofe de- fcendants, in the R. of Edw. I. ob- tained a Mt. here on T. and a Fair on the eve-day and morrow of St Botolpb, both fince difufed. In the R. of Rich. II. it was in the poflef- fion of Will. Doreward ; but after- wards fold to Ralph Hull, who con- veyed it to Roger Spice and his heirs ; from whom it parted to S:r John Oldhall. It afterwards came to the crown, and Rich. III. by way of ex- change, granted it, with the manor of Hunfdon, to Sir Will. Stanley. It again reverted to the crown, and, in the R. of Philip and Mary, was annexed, with others, to the duchy of Lancafter. Q^Eliz. granted it to Hen. Gary, from whom it paffed to Hen. dry Earl of Dover, in who-.e family it continued till 1641, when it was fold to Sir John Gore of Gil- fton, from whom it came to his fon Sir Hum. Gore. EAT ING DON, Up p. and LOWER, (V/ariu.} in the road from Banbury to Stratford upon Avon. The latter, notwithftanding its name, lies on a hill. The Ch. of the Upper, is on the N. fide of it, is but a cha- pel of eafe to the other, which has bel. ever fince the Conq. to the Shir- leys Eails of Ferrers. EATON, E A TO E C EATON, (Bucks) near Whaddon- Chace, is in Bleachley p. and was held by the Lds. Gray of Wilton, by the fervice of keeping one of the K's. gerfaulcons. It came afterwards to the Villars Ds. of Buckingham, and was fold to James Selby and Dr. Willis. EATON, (Noti.} en the r. Idle, from vhence 'tis aifo called Idletcn, is on the S. fide of E. Redford. It bel. to the family of Wolrington in the R. of Hen. II. and to JohnLeverwick, John Cutt, and Thomas Wirtley, in that of Hen. VI. Soon after it came to Sir Jchn Savage, who enfcofted Sir Thomas Chaworth, &c. with 2-3ds of it, and Sir Will. Babington and Tho. Nevil with the other 3d, to the ufe of Hu^h Hercy, whofe defendants difpofed of their part to Mr. Geo. Markham ; from whofe family it came to Nich. Stringer, and was not very long ago in the poffef- fion of Francis Stringer. EATON, (Salop) near Pitchford, and 4 m. from Ercall, was anciently the manor of Edward Ld. Burnell, and fmce the feat of the Earl of Bradford. EATON-BISHOPS, or EATON- WALL, (Here/.) near the Wye, 2 m. S. W. of Hereford, to whofe Eps. it bel. Here was a camp of above 30 acres. EATON-COLLEGE, (Bucks) fe- parated from Windfor by a wooden- bridge over the Thames, was founded by Hen. VI. for the maintenance of a prcvoft and 7 fellows, one of whom is vice-provoft, and for the inftruc- tion c-f 70 K's. fcholars, (as thcfe are called who are on the foundation) wh", when fit, are elected, en the firil Tu. in Jugufr, to K's. Coll. Cambridge, where they are provided for by fcholarfhips and fellowships ; but they are not removed till vacan- cies fall in the college, and then they .are called according to feniority. The fchool is divided into upper and lower, and each into three ckller. Ihere is a matter to each ftlx. 4 afliftants or ufliers to each mafter, there being feldom lefs than 300 fcho- lars here, befides thofe on the founda- tion, who board at the matters houfes, or elfewhere within thecoliege bounds. After the fludents have been 3 years on the foundation at Cambridge, they claim a fellowfhip. In the great court is a fine ftatue, put up to the honour of the founder, by the late prcvoft, Dr. Godolphin dean of St. Paul's. The revenue of this college is about 5000 /. a year. Here is a noble library, enriched by the late Ld. C. J. Reeves, who chiefly refided at this place, with the fine collection of books left him by Richard Topham, Efq; keeper of the records in the Tower j and with another collection before that, left by Dr. Waddington Bp. of Chefter, valued at 2000 /. EATON-FORD,OrSoCON,(.Z?*//'.) near the Oufe, a little to the S. W. of St. Neot, had once a caftle, the feat of the Beauchamps. EBCHESTER, (Durham) on the Darwent, near Darwentcote, where noc many years ago were difcovered the traces' of a Roman ftation, with large fuburbs and ancient monu- ments. EBWORTH, (G!oc.) in the p. of Painfwie, bel. to Glocefter- Abbey in the R. of Eow. III. but lately came to the heir of the Woods of Brook- rup. (t^EcCLESHAL^.S/Vl/.) IlOCm. 136 mm. from London, ftands near the r. Sow, and is a pretty place, noted for pedlars wares, and a good ch. fc. It has a Mt. on Tu. and Fair on Hefy-Tb. It bel. in the R. of K. Stephen, to Will, de Novell, or Noel. Here was a caflle built, or rather rebuilt, (for hiftorians differ) in the R. of Edw. I. by the Bp. of Litcbfield, then Ld, high-treafurer, and Ld. of this manor ; and the pre- fent Pp. has a feat at that called EcdtfcaUHall. ECCLKSTON, (C/.>(Jt>.) on the r. Dee, S. cf Chefter, bel. anciently to the Venabks, Barons of Kinderton. E C TO E D CCLESTON, (Lane.) on the Darwent, 20 m. S. of Lancafter, 154 cm. 192 mm. from London, has a Mt. on 6'. and Fair uncertain. ECHINGHAM, (Suffex) not far from Rotherfield, bel. anciently to a family of that name, and was after- wards divided between the Barons of Windfor and the Thirwhits. ECKLESFIELD, (York. W. R. ) near Sheffield, is fo large a p. that the Don palTeth through it at fome diftance from the T. After being the Lp. of the Viponts, Lovetots, Furnivals, Nevils, and Talbots, it pafled to the Howards, and is now the D. of Norfolk's. Near Barnef- hall in this place, which was an- ciently the feat of Sir Richard Scot, he built an hof. and endowed it with 30 /. a year. EDDYSTON, ( Devon. ) a dan- gerous rock off of Plymouth, which is covered at high-water, but bare at ebb, where the ingenious Mr. Win- ftanley built a light-houfe, which, after ftanding many violent rtorm c , was blown down by that dreadful one on the ajth of Novemb. 1703, when Mr. Winftanley, and all that were with him in it, periflied ; but another is fince built in its ftead, by the corp. of Trinity-houfe, by duties on all veflels. EDENHALL, orEoNAL, (Cumb.} on the Eden, N.E. of Penrith, was a p. in the R. of Hen. I. who gave it to the Cathedral of Carlifk, and has lately been the feat of the Muf- graves, Bts. ED ENS TOW, (Nott.) in the foreft of Sherwood, which, when part oY the royalty of Mansfield, had a Fair granted it in the Rs. of Henry IV. and VI, is come to be the inheri- tance of the heirs of the late D. of Newcaftle. EDGCOMB.MOUNT, in Devonjb. tho' on the Cornifh fide of the Ta- rmr, ftands near Saltafli. "Tis a feat of Ld. Edgcomb, which is in the midft of a park, and has a charming view of the winding harbour and fea below it, including the T. and cita- del of Plymouth, as well as of great part of the adjacent country. It was made a garrifon for K. Cha. I. in the civil war. EDGECOTT, (Nortbamp.') near Banbury and the valley of Danef- moor, which laft is noted in hiftory for two great battles in it, one bet. the Danes and Saxons, and the other bet. the Lancaftrians and the adhe- rents of Edw. IV. There are three little hills about it, forming a kind of triangle where the battle wa* fought. EDGEFIELD, (Norf.) on the S. fide of Holt, did bel. to the family of Ld. Willoughby of Erefby ; and the late Earl of Yarmouth had a feat in the p. EDGEHIIL, (Warw.} nearKine- ton, which was the field of the fig- nal battle, in 1642, bet. the armies of K. Cha. I. and the Pt. lies at the W. end of the Vale of Red-Horfe, and gives a moft extenfive profpecl. 'Tis fteep to the N. and has a ftrong large intrenchment on the top. The battle was fought on the defcent of the hill, bet. Radway and Kineton. g^=> EDGE WARE, (Midd.) locm. 12 mm. from London, in the road to St. Alban's, Watford, and Har- row on the Hill, being on the very edge of the fhire. The Ch. is in the E. part, and the W, part bel. to Little-Stanmore , or Whitchurch. The Mt. is Tb. There is an eftate in this p. called Brook-Hill, of 150 acres, held by leafe of All- Souls Coll. Oxford. The old Ro- man way, called Watling-Street, pafieth by here from London. EDGEWORTH, (Gloc,} is a p. to the N. E. of Stroud, 6 m. in com. containing a part of Pinbury-Park, and a brook runs thro' it into Stroud r. The manor bel. above 200 years to the Raleighs, and afterwards came iato the hands of Nat. Ridler, Efq; who was high-flierift" of the Co. in 1694. Q^ EBLIN- E D E G tDLINCALL, Of EDDINGALL, (Staf.) ftands on the N. E. fide of Litchfield. There is a raifed way here, pointing towards Lullington, which is thought to be one of the Roman ENFIELD, (Midd.} locm. near 1 1 mm. from London, is called in feme old records Enfen, or Infen, from the fenny foil of fome part of its p. fo drained fince, that, except the part called Enfield-Waih, it is now become good land. It was for- merly noted for tanning of hides ; and the manor bel. to Walden-Abbey, and had a royal palace, built by Tho. Lo- ve), in the R. of Hen. VII. and the chace near it bel. formerly to the Magnavils Es. of Eflex, then to the Bohuns ; but has been ever fince parcel of the duchy of Lancaster. In the centre almoft of the chace, are the ruins of an old houfe, which is faid to have bel. to the Es. of Eflex juft men- tioned. Here is a moft fumptuous lodge for the ranger j and the /kirts of the chace are ftored with country- feats, for the citizens of London and fportfmen. This chace was full of deer, and all forts of game, when K. Jam. I. refided at Theobolds ; but in the civil wars was ftripped both of the game and timber, and let out in farms. Yet after the Reft, it was laid open again, woods and groves were re- planted, and the whole chace ftored with deer ; but it is not, nor perhaps ever will be, what it was. The Mt. is o. and the Fairs on Good-Fr. St. Pbil. and Jac. May I, Sept. iz and Nov. 30. Here are feveral boarding- fcs, one of which is a large old houfe. E N TO E P houfe, called (^Elizabeth's, on En- down and carry away, wherever th fi field-Green, over-againft the Ch. Ch. -wardens marked it out, by giv- ENGHAM, (Berks) near Swinford, ing the firft chop, as much timber has a ferry over the Ifis, which, with as could be drawn away by men's the lock adjoining, is leafed out at hands into the abbey-yard j and if 370 /. a year. they could draw it out again, in fpite ENGLEFIELD, (Berks) i m. to of the oppofition of the fervants of the N.W. of Theal, is alfo called the abbey to prevent it, they were Inglefield, had its name from the to keep it for the necefTary repara- Danes being routed here by K. Ethel- tions of the Ch. By this cuftom wolf, and gives name to a very an- 'tis faid the people hold their right cient family, its owners. Their feat of commonage at Lammas and Mi at the great houfe, called Inglefield- chaelmas. Houfe, was the Marquis of Winche- ENSTON, or NEAT-ENSTON, fter's, and is now the feat of Paulet (Oxf.) near the r. Glim, to the Wright, grandfon to the keeper of S. E. of Chipping-Norton, has fa- the great-leal. The late Sir Charles mous water-works, contrived and Inglefield had a houfe lower down in begun by Mr. Bulhel, who was fer- the T. John Laroche, Efq; has a vant to Ld. Verulam, to which feat on Englefield-Green, which is having added walks, a grove, &c t in the p. of Egham. he there entertained K. Cha. I. and ENGLETON, (Staff.) at the in- his Q^ who gave it the name of flux of Brewood-Water into the Henrietta. The place was almoft Penk, is the ancient feat of the ruined in the civil wars ; but Edward Moretons, to whom it came from the Henry Lee, Earl of Litchfield, com. Ingletons by marriage. ing to be Ld. of the manor, repaired ENGLEWooo-FoRzsT, (Cumb.) and improved the water-works to 1 6 m. in length, from Penrith to admiration. Carlifle, was anciently much infefted ENSTON, (Staff.) to the N. E. with wild boars ; but afterwards fo of Stafford, near the Trent, oppofite well ftocked with deer, that Edw. I. to Sandon, was a great feat of the is faid to have killed 200 bucks here Beresfords. There is a briniffi fpring in a day. It has been disforefted, and in the manor, which frets away has now feveral ps. the grafs and earth about it. ENMORE, (Som.) on a little r. ENviLDE,(5/^7".)3m.frcmStour- that runs into the Parret, near Bridg- bridge, the ancient manor of the Grays, water, was formerly the manor and and feat of the Earl of Stamford, feat of the Mallets, but went by EPALLETS, or PALLETS, marriage to John Wilmot Earl of (Hartf.) i m. S. of Hitchin, in the Rochefter. road to Stevenage, is the vulgar name ENSHAM, (Oxf.) has a ferry on for Hippolet's, to a fuppofed faint of the Ifis, not far from Blenheim- which name the Ch. was dedicated. Houfe, was, in the time of the " This faint (fays Norden) pafled for Saxons, a royal village, and had an " a good breaker of colts, and was as abbey, to which the Grays Ds. of " good a horfe-leach ; and was there- Kent were great benefactors ; but " fore fo reverenced after his death, it has been long fince turned into a " that all horfemen who travelled private houfe, and bel. to the late Earl of Derby. One of the Saxon Ks. held a general council here. In this p. there was an old cuftom, whereby the town's people were al- lowed, upon Whitfon-M. to cut that way, brought their fteeds into theCh. up to this hcrfe-breaker't flirine at the altar, where a prieft attended to bcftow frsgments of St. Hippolet's miracles upon their un- tamed colts, and old wanton and " foua- E P E P " foundered jades ; which miracles, " if well paid for, produced wonder- " ful cures. The horfes were brought " out of the N. ftreet thro' the N. " gate, and the N. door of the Ch. " which was boarded on purpofe to " bring up the horfes to the altar ; " fince which time, the Ch. has al- " ways been boarded." This lame cuftom of bleffing horfes, affes, &c. is ftill kept up yearly by the pope at Rome, and alfo by the priefts in Spain, &c. Mean time Mr. Salmon, in his Hiftory of Hertfordfliire, ri- dicules this ftory, tho' handed to us by Mr. Weaver and Mr. Chauncy ; and fays, " That this faint was no " hypocrite, but a real Bp. and a " martyr, for adhering to the feel " of Origen." The Pirral rifes in this p. and runs by Much-Wimley to Ickleford. EPERSTON, (Nott,) I m. from Sherwood-Foreft, and 2 m. from the Trent, had 2 manors, one of which bel. formerly to the Odingfells and the Sampfons, one of whom obtain'd a Mt. 'here on Tu, and a Fair on Sept. 14, but the Mt. is difufed, if not the Fair ; the other having palled from Roger de Bufli, thro' the fa- milies of Jorze, Chetwind, Haw- burgh, &c. refted in that of Wal- ker, ever fince the R. of Hen. VII. {^ EPPING, (EJj'ex} 15 cm. 17 mm. from London, formerly bel. to Waltham-Abbey ; but, after the DifT. Q^Elir. gave it to Sir Thomas Heneage, from whom it defcended to Sir Moyle Finch, and from him it defcended to the Earl of Winchel- fea ; who, in the R. of Cha. I. fold the manor for 2 1,000 /. to William Ld. Gray of Wark, afterwards Earl of Tankerville, who left it to his coufin, Will. Ld. North and Gray, whofe widow and the Ld. Guilford fold it to Edw. Conyers, Efqj The houfe here is called Rollefton. The Mts. which are on Tb. for cattle, and F. for provifions, are kept in Epping-Street, a hamlet about i m. and half from the Ch, The Fairs are on April z, Wbitfon-Tu. Sept. 2, and Nov. 2. There are other fine feats on the Foreft, befides that moft noble one at Wanted, bel. to th>; Ld. Caftlemain, of which in its place. The foreft, which is a royal chac;;, and reaches from the T. almoft to London, was anciently called the Foreft of EfTex, and then of Wul- tham, and was granted by Edward the CcnfefTor, to his favourite, Ran- dolph Pepperking, after called Pe- verell who having a beautiful lady to his wife, William the Conqueror fell in love with her, and had a foil by her, called William Peverell. (3? EPSOM, ( Surry ) 15 cm. 1 6 mm. from London, long famous for its mineral waters, is a charming place, open to Banfted-Downs, with many handfome feats of the gentry, as well as the merchants and citizens of London. Its purging waters tinc- tured with allum, which come from a fpring near Aflited, were difco- vered in 1618, and. though not in fuch repute as formerly, yet they are not impaired in virtue ; and the fait made of them is famous all over Europe , for gently cleanfing the body, and cooling and purifying the blood. On the neighbouring downs are annually horce- races ; but the wells and bowling-greens are not near fo much frequented as formerly. The Mt. here is on F. and Fairs in Eafter- week, July 24, and Sept. 29 } of which Mt. and Fairs, Mr. John Li- vinfton, apothecary, who obtained them, was proprietor. The T. is about I m and a half, in a femi- circle, from the Ch. to the Ld. Guilford's palace at Durdans. In Hudfon's-Lane here was Epfom- Court, that ancient Saxon feat, long fince converted into a farm. Here are fo many fields, meadows, orch- ards, gardens, and the like, that a ftranger would be at a lofs to know whether this was a T. in a wood, or a wood in a T. (f EPWORTH, (Line.} the belt Town in the Ifle of Axbolm, E R TO E S 136 cm. from London, had for- merly a mon. of Carthufians. The manor bel. to the Earl Granville. "Pis a long ftraggling place, with a Mt. on S. and a ch. fc. and is the birth-place of the two Methodift preachers, MefT. John and Charles Weftley, whofe father was redtor of this p. John Maw, Efq; has a feat here. ERDINGTON, (Wariv.) near the Tame, bet. Birmingham and Button- Colefield, bel. to Sir Walter Earl, of Cherborrow in Dorfet, who fold it to Sir Walter Devereux, as he did to Sir Tho. Holt of Afton. ERITH, (Hunt.) bet. Holtwell- Fen and Somer/ham, on the Oufe, in the p. of Blunt/ham, is a pretty large place, with a or 3 good inns, and a caufey leading from St. Ives into the Ifle of Ely. ESCRICK-HALL, (York. E. R.) on the Oufe, to the S. E. of York, the feat of Sir Thomas Knivet, who made the fearch under the Pt.-houfe in the R. of K. James I. and dif- covered Guy Faux ready to fet fire to the barrels of gun -powder. It has ever fince given title of Baron to a branch of the Howards. ESHELDWORTH, (Nortbum.) not far from Morpeth, was, in the R. of Edward HI. the manor of David Strathbolgy Earl of Athol. ESHER, (Surry) near Walton upon Thames and Hampton -Court, of which it has a fine profpeft, as well as of other parts of Middlefex. It Hands on the bank of the r. Mole, where Will. Wainfleet B P . of Win- chefter erefted a houfe, which Card. Wolfey ufed to refide in during the building of Hampton-Court. Upon his death, the manor came to the crown j but was afterwards the pof- feflion of Mr. Rich. Drake, a kinf- man of Sir Francis Drake, who lived in it, and made a prefent to the fteeple, of a bell which he brought from St. Domingo. During the ci- vil wars it was in the hands of Capt. Colborn, who kept the Fleece tavern in Cornhill, London ; but was pur- chafed by John Latton, fon of Tho. Latton, Elq; of Berks, who, in the Rs. of K. William and Q._Anne, was equery, avener, &c, and held other court preferments. The gate to the aforefaid building remaining , wa3 turned into a dwelling-houfe, and purchafed by the D. of Newcastle's brother, the Right Hon. Henry Pel- ham, now chancellor of the exche- quer, who has beautified and aug- mented the old part, and laid the grounds about it in a moft elegant tafte, and fpared no coft to make it one of the fineft feats near London ; but 'tis fo low that it is not feen, till you come very near it ; and the mole running from Efher-Park, near the back of the houfe, renders it very damp, which takes off much from the pleafure of the place. ESHER-WATERVII.E, (Surry) is a manor in Efher p. which was vetted by Pt. on the D. of Newcaftle and his heirs, in 1718, in confideration of certain rent-charges to be iffuing out of the fame, to the ufe of the corp. of Kingfton upon Thames, and in truft for the poor of the T. At Sandy-Chapel, i -4th m. from hence, in the road to Kingfton, was formerly an hof. for lazars. (^ESINGWOULD, (York. N.R.) on the N. E. fide of Borroughbridge, 156 cm. 186 mm. from London, has a Mt. on F. ESLINGTON, (Nortbuwb.) on the W. fide of Alnewick, formerly the feat of the Collingwoods, men of re- nown in the wars with France and Scotland, and now of Ld. Ravenf- worth. ESSENDEN, (Rut!.) on the b. of Lincolnfhire, N. of Stamford, gave title of Baron, in the R. of K. James I. to Robert Cecil, who was fecretary of ftate in the R. of Q^ Elizabeth. ESTLEY, (Devon.) near Biddi- ford, bel. to the Wilmers, till the R. of Hen. VII. then to the Berrys, an ancient family in this Co. One of E S TO E V of the Wilmers ordered this remark- able infcription on his monument : Hie jacet bumatus, Johannes Wilmer nominatus, Filius ibic, pater hie, avus tic, pro- avus jacet iftic. i. c* " The great belfire, the grandfire, " fire and fon, " Lie here interred under this grave- " ftone." Es T ON-NES T ON, ( Nortbamp. ) by Towcefter, was purchafed, in the R. of Hen. VIII. by Rich. Farmer, who had been bred a merchant of the ftaple at Calais ; but being a zealous papift, and incurring a prae- munire, his eftate was feized, yet reftored to him in the next R. His grandfon George entertained K. Ja. I. and his Cohere, the firft time they met in England. William Ld. Lernp- fter, father to the Earl of Pomfret, pulled down the old family feat here, and caufed a new one to be erected by Inigo Jones. 'Tis a regular fair ftrudture of free-ftone, fetched from Helmdon ; and 'tis thought that no feat in Europe has a more magnifi- cent collection of Greek, Roman, and Egyptian ftatues of white mar- ble, it being the moft ornamental part of the marmora Arondeliana. ESTWOOD, (Nott.) on the Er- wafh , near Greyfley-Caftle , was heretofore the manor of the Peverels, then of the Grays of Codnover, from whom it defcended to the Zouches, and from them, by the Willoughbys and Stanhopes, came to the Plumtree's family. ETALL-CASTLE, (Nortbumb.) on the r. Till in Glendale, near Ford- Caftle, was heretofore the Lp. of the Manours, or Manners, anceftors to the D. of Rutland ; but, in the R. of Edw. VI. it appears to have bel. to the Collingwoods of Brankerton, and is now the feat of Will. Carr. ETON, (Sufix) a little above Stening, has the tide flowing up to it by the r. Adur every iz hours, and a fprijjg-tide at every new and full moon, which fometimes over- flows the banks. The r. is navi- gable to it for barges, which carry timber, &c. to Shoreham, for build- ing fhips, &ff. ETWALL-HALL, (Derbyjb.) on the S. W. fide of Derby, has an hof. endowed by Sir John Port, a ch. fc. and is the feat of Mr. Cotton. EVEDON, (Line.) to the N. E. of Sleaford, on a r. that runs to the Witham, was the manor of Sir Rob. Chaplin, a South-Sea direftor, and fold to Mr. Wilfon for 13,050 /. EVENDY-FARM, (Midd.) bet. the ftreams of the Coin, on the N. fide of Stanes, bel. to the D. and C. of Weftminfter. EVER ING, (Kent) bet. Elham and Dover, has fometimes a flream of water in it, that, from no vi- fible head or fpring, will carry a vef- fel of good burden, which whenever it happens, the people think to be a prefage of death or dearth. EVERINGHAM, ( York. E. R. ) bet. Pocklington and Wighton, the Lp. of an ancient family, who took their name from it, and by their te- nure, were obliged to perform the office of butler to the Abp. of York, at his houfe, on the day of his in- thronization. Sir Marmaduke Con- ftable, Bt. has a feat here. EVERLEY-WA RREN, (Wilts) the conntry feat of the Saxon K. Ina, bet. Ambrefbury and Savernake-Fo- reft, is, or at leaft was, famous for a great breed of horfes ; and there are z villages here called E. Everley and W. Everley, at the laft of which the late Ld. Paget had a hunting -feat. U^EVERSHOT, (Dorfct) io6cm. 123 mm. from London, ftands on the b. of Somerfetfhire, has a Mt. on T. and Fairs on May-day and July 1 6. Here the r. Frome rifes, which runs to Purbeck-Bay. EVER- E V E V EVERSLEY, (Kent) in the p. of % EVESHAM, or EVESHOLM, Charing, bel. to Brian de Everfley, {Wore,} commonly called Efam, is an eminent perfon in the Rs. of K. 77 cm. 95 mm. from London, has a Hen. III. and Edw. I. After having flone-bridge over the Avon, and a patted thro' ^the families, of Peiferer, harbour for barges. 'Tis an old Bor. St. Leger, and Aucher, it was not reckon'dthe 2d in the Co. and had for- long ago the eftate of Sir George merly an abbey with a mitred abbot. Sonds. It was governed by a bailiff, till K. EVERSLEY, (Hamp.) at the en- James I. at the retjueft of his fon trance of the Co. in the road from Prince Henry, gave it a charter for London to Bafingftoke. In the Ch. a mayor, 7 aid. 12 capital burgefTes, here lies buried Mr. Alexander Rofs, a recorder and chamberlain, who are on whofe tomb-ftone we find this moft allot'theC.C. with.Z4 other burgefles remarkable epit&ph : called afliftants. Four of the aid. and the mayor for the time being, Hofpes, Jifle gradum, cinerefque bos are juftices of the peace, and of oyer adfpice, difces and terminer, and of gaol delivery, Quid fum, quid fueram ; quidque for all offences in the corp. except futurus era ; high-treafon ; and the corp. has * Ros fueram ; nunc fum pulvis ; max power to try and execute felons umbra futurus within the Bor. Here are 2 pariih Ros abiit ; pulvis fpargitur ; urn- Chs. but the bells of both have been bra fugit. removed to a tower built here by Quid tute es, difce bine ; quid cutifia one of the abbots. Its chief mf. is butnana; quid? audi ; woollen-ftockings. At the bridge- Sutit quod ego ; pul-vis, ros, cinis, foot, in the p. of Bengworth, which umbra, nibil, is included in its jurifdi&ion, was a /'. e. caftle, which, in 1157, was demo- " Stop, ftranger, view this duft, and lifted. Here are corn-mills, a gram- " you will fee mar fc. and a ch. fc. the latter " What I now am, what have been, maintained by 1000 /. lesacy left by " what Jball be. one of its members, the late Mr. Dea- " I have been Dew *, am duft, mail cle, woollen-draper in London. This " be a Jhade ; T. is noted for the great victory ob- " The Dew is gone, dujl fcatter'd, tained by Prince Edward, afterwards " the Jhade fled : K. Edw. I. over Simon Montfort, *' What tbyfelf art, hence learn, the great Earl of Leicefter, who was " what all flings are ; killed in the battle j and was ho- *' What are all things in human na- noured with giving title of Baron to " ture, hear; t,he Ld. Chan. Somers. There is an " That they are all what I now am j open profpeft from hence of that " be taught fpacious valley called the Vale of They're dujl, are de, aid. of London. Jc EXETER, (Devon.) 138 cm. 172 mm. from London, has a long bridge over the Ex, with houfes on both fides. 'Tis the Ifca of Ptolomy and Antoninus. 'Tis the fee of a Bp. transferred hither from Crediton, by Edw. the Conf. and one of the prin- cipal cities in the Km. for its build, ings, wealth, and number of its inh. It is, with the fuburbs, 2 m. in com. and has 6 gates, befides turrets. It had formerly fo many convents, that it was called Monckton, till K, Athelftan changed its name to Exeter. Befides chapels and 5 large meeting- houfes, there are now i6Chs. within the walls, and 4 without. St. Peter's, the cathedral, is a magnificent curious fabric, which, though near 500 years a building, looks as uniform, as if it had but one architect. It has a ring of 10 bslls, reckoned the largeft in England j as is alfo its organ, whofe largeft pipes are 15 inches diameter ; and it is common to fee hundreds of people there, at the morning fervice at 6 o'clock fummer and winter. This city has had divers charters granted, or confirmed, by moft of our Ks. but it was made a mayor T. in the R. of K. John, and a Co. of it felf by K. Hen. VIII. 'Tis governed by a mayor, 24 aid. 4 bailiffs, a recorder, chamberlain, flieriff, town-clerk, &c. They have a fword-bearer, and 4 ftew- ards, E X E X ards, 4. ferjeants at mace wearing gowns, and ftaff-bearers in liveries with badges. The magiftrates and freemen, who chufe its members of Pt. are at leaft 1200. It had anci- ently a mint ; and in the R. of K. Will. III. many pieces of filver money were coined here, which have the let- ter E under the K's. buft. Here are 1 a or 13 incorporate city companies. All pleas and civil caufes are tried by the mayor, recorder, aid. and CC. but criminal caufes, crown caufes, and thofe relating to the peace, are deter- mined by 8 aid. who are juftices of the peace. Here are 4 principal ftreets, one whereof is a grand one,calledHigh- Street, all centring in the middle of the city, which is therefore called Car- fox,from the old Norman worA,S^uatre voix, i. e. the 4 ways. Here is a great conduit erected by Will. Duke, mayor of the city in the R. of Edw. IV. and there are feveral others well fupplied with water, brought in pipes from the neighbourhood. There is an old caf- tle in the N. part of the city, called Rougemont, from the red foil it ftands in ; where there is a pleafant profpecl, from a beautiful terrafs walk with a double row of fine elms, of the chan- nel 10 m. to the S. 'Tis fuppofed to have been built by the Weft-Saxon Ks. and that they refided here, as did af- terwards the Es. and Ds. of Cornwal, to whom it has bel. ever fince. 'Tis now much decayed ; only a part of it is kept up for the afiizes, quarter- fefiions and county courts, with a chapel. In the city and fuburbs are prifons, both for debtors and male- factors, feveral bookfellers-fliops,hofs. 2 printing-houfes, a workhoufe, alm- fhos. and ch. fcs. and in 1741 a hof. was founded here, for the fick and lame poor of the city and Co. upon the model of the infirmaries of Lon- don and Weftminfter. VerTels of 1 50 tons come up to the kay. It has Mts. on JF. and F. and Fair's on Alb-Wed. Wlit-M. Holy-Th. July 22, Aug. i. Dec. 6 and 21. but Lammas Fair is the greateft, being much frequented by mercers, linen-drapers, haber- dafhers, &c, from London ; and it lafts 3 whole days, and 2 half days. As great a trade as here is for ferges, perpetuanas, long-ells, druggets, ker- feys, and other woollen goods made in this city and Co. in which it is computed, that at leaft 600,000 /. a year is traded for here, yet no Mts. were erected here for wool yarn and kerfeys, till the 3oth of Hen. VIII. Before that time, the merchants drove a confiderable trade to Spain and France ; and the latter were incorpo- rated, in the R. of Q^Mary I. by the name of " The governor, confuls, and " fociety of merchant-adventurers " trading to France." Here is a weekly ferge Mt. laid to be the greateft in England, next to the Brigg Mt. at Leeds in York/hire ; and that fome weeks, as many ferges have been fold here as amount to 60 or 80,000 /. nay 1 00,000 /. for, befides the vaft quantities of their woollen goods ufu- ally /hipped for Portugal, Spain and Italy, the Dutch give large commifii- ons for buying up ferges, perpetuanas, &c. for Holland and Germany. 'Tis particularly remarked of this city, that it is almoft as full of gentry as of tradefmen ; and that more of its mayors and bailiffs have defcended from or given rife to good families, than in any other city of its bignefs in the Km. for the great trade and flouri/hing fiate of this city tempted gentlemen to fettle their fons here, contrary to the practice of many of the inland as well as northern Cos. where, according to the vain and ruinous notion of the Normans, trade was defpifed by the gentry, as fit only for mechanicks and the vulgar. This city was under the jurifdic- tion of the Romans, whofe coins have been dug up in and about it. After they left England, the Saxons drove the Britons out of it into Cornwall, and encompafled it with a ditch and a ftone-waH (which ftill remains en- tire) befides bulwarks. The Danes attacked and fpoiled it in 875 ; and R after- E X E X afterwards, in revenge of the general mafiacre of the Dines by the Englifh, Swain, one of their Ks. came hither xvith a great navy, put the men to the fword, ravifhed the vromen, mafla- cred the children, burnt the city, and demolished the walls. A long time after this, juft as it was reviving, Will, the Conq. befieged and took it ; and it was again befieged, in the Rs. of K. Steph.~ and Edw. IV. In the R. of Hen. VII. it was again befieeed by PerkinWarbeck, and battered fu- rioufly ; but the citizens forced him to raife the fiege, which fo pleafed the K. that he came hither, and pre- fented a cap of maintenance to the city, and gave the very fword from his fide to be borne always before the mayor. In the R. of Edw. VI. in July 1544, it was fmartly cannonaded by the rebels of Cornwall and Devon, who almoft ftarved it by breaking down its bridges, cutting off its water, and ftoppins; up all psfTages ; but it held out manfully, till the Ld. John Raflel came with a force, and railed the fiege on the 6th of Aug. which was then appointed as an anniverfary day of thankfgiving by the city, and i: (till obferved here as fuch ; when a fermon is preached on the occafion by the mayor's chaplain. K. Cha. Fs, Queen, to whom this city gave fhelter in the civil wars, was here delivered of Henrietta, afterwards Dfs. of Orleans } whofe pidure is in its Guild-Hall, as is alfo general Monk's. Here was a gurrifcn for K. Cha. I. which was forced at laft to furrender to Ld. Fair- fax upon articles, whereby the Pfs. was left entirely to the K's. difpofal. In fhort, Exeter, by a conftant ad- herence to its motto, Semper fiddis, has been applauded by all hiftorians, for its inviolable fidelity to its fove- reigns, whether they held their crown by hereditary or parliamentary right. It formerly gave title of D. to the families of Beaufort and Holland ; which was afterwards leiTened to that of Marquis, by K. Hen. VIII. in the perfon of Hen. Courtney j and then it decreafed to that of E. in the perfon of Ld. Treaf. Burleigh, fo created by K. Jam. I. and in the noble fa- mily of the Cecils it frill continues. This city had the honour of giving birth to Sir Tho. Bodley, the founder of that illuftrious library at Oxford ; and to the late Ld. Chan. King. The lift of members returned for this city to Pt. begins at the Z3d of Edw. I. EXMISTER, (Devon.) on the r. Ex, 3 m. from Exeter, towards the coaft, lies fo low, that it is much fubject to agues. EXMOR E, where rifes the r. Ex, is a filthy barren ground, near the Se- vern, part in Devonshire, but more of it in Someriet. Here are fotne very high hills ; and on the top of one of" the higheft is a plain, near I m. in diameter, full of little fprings. In this Moor are feveral monuments of antiquity, -viz. ftones in triangles and in circles j and of late years feveral urns, with Roman coins in them, and fome Greek, have been found in dig. ging the burrows. EXMOUTH, (Devon.) anciently called Exanmouth, ftands at the in- flux of the Ex into the fea ; where are only the hutts of fifheimen, who have a chapel for their eafe, in the p. of Littleham 5 and though, as Hol- lingfhed fays, it once had acaftle, yet it has now no other defence than a barred haven. Ex TON, or Ox TON, (A r 5.)near Sherwood-Foreft ; in which the inh. in the R. of Edw. III. agreed to pay 55. a year, for a licence to common with all manner of cattle, their claim to it being fet afide, becaule they had no lands within its bounds. Here are 2 prebends, the fee of the Abp. of York. The greateft part of the ma- nor bel. lately to the Saviles and Ci- cilys. EXTON, (Rut!.} 3 m. from Oke- ham, came, by marriage, to David K. of Scots ; who thereby alfo became, in right of his wife (daughter and heirefs of Judith,thenie. which Mr. And. Bar. R % ktr F A leer obtained a grant of, in 1672, as well as of three Fairs, on May 3, July 28, and Nov. i. ST. FAITH'S, (Norf.) near Ta- verham, lies in the road from Nor- wich thro' Alefliam to Cromer, and bel. to the Norborns. Here is a good Fair Off. 6, for lean beafls, which are brought in great droves cut cf the N. of England and Scot- land, and bought up by the Norfolk grafiers, infomuch, that it has been faid 40,000 of thofe runts are fed every year in this Co. and moft of them in the marfhes bet. Norwich, Beccles and Yarmouth, where they fatten, by the rich pafture, till win- ter, when they are removed to drier fandy land, where they conflantly have large crops of turneps ; and their dung is fo good manure for corn, that, fince the grafiers have made ufe of it for their lands, thofe which were lett under 5 s. an acre have rifen to 20 s. J^FAKENHAM, (Norf.) i8cm. from Norwich, 88 cm. no mm. from London, was part of the join- ture of K. Henry Ill's Q._ Eleanor, as alfo of K. Edward II's Q. Ifabel. K. Henry VIII. fettled it on Trinity Coll. Cambridge. Here were an- ciently falt-pits, tho' 6 m. from the fea. On a neighbouring hill is kept the fheriff's term and court for the whole Co. Here is a Mt. on T. and a cattle Mt. on Tb, and Fairs on Slft>-W. and Nov. 1 1. Several coins of K. Hen. VI. and VII. were found here in 1741. FALKESLEY.BRIDGE, (Staff.) under which the Tame runs from Drayton-Baflet, as did over it the old Roman way, called Watling-Street, which pafled weftward ftraight thro' the Co. to Shropshire. (J3" FA LMO u TH, (Comma!) 220 cm. 282 mm. from London, where the r. Fale runs into the Eng- lifh Channel, is by much the richeft and moft trading T. of the Co. and fend members to 301 i Pt. ' 'Tis fo com- F A modious a harbour, that /nips of the greateft burden come up to its kay. 'Tis guarded by the caftles of St. Mawes and Pendennis, on a high rock at the entrance, built by Hen. VIII. and there is fuch flicker in the many creeks bel. to it, that the whole royal navy may ride fafe here in any wind, it being next to Milford-Haven, the beft road for fliipping in Great-Britain. 'Tis well- built, and its trade is mightily in- creafed, fince the eftablifhment of the packet-boats here for Spain and Por- tugal, and the W. Indies, which not only bring over vaft quantities of gold in fpecie and in bars, on ac- count of the merchants in London ; but the Falmouth merchants trade with the Portuguefe in fhips of their own } and they have a great fliare alfo in the gainful pilchard trade. The cuftom-houfe for moft of the Cornifh Ts. as well as the head col- lector, is fettled here, where the du- ties, including thofe of the other ports, are very conliderable. 'Tis a corp. governed by a mayor and aid. and gives title of Vifc. to the family of Bofcawen, as it did in the R. of Cha. II. to his natural fon, the late D. of Northumberland. Here is a Mt. on Tb. and Fairs July 27, and Off. 30. 83> FAR HAM, (Hamp.) 52 cm. 65 mm. from London, is a pleafant T. with a Mt. on 5. and Fair on June 29, and gave title of Countefs to K. Cha. II's miftrefs, the Duchefs of Portfmouth. g^> FAR JNGDON, (Berki) 56 cm. 65 mm. from London, ftands not far from the Thames, on a hill, where Rob. Earl of Glocefter built a caftle, which K. Stephen took and demo- lUhed, and on the fite thereof founded a priory. Here is a large handfome Ch. a Mt. on Tu. and Fairs on Feb. 2, Wbitfon-Tuefday, Augufl 24, and Oft. 18. 'Tis go- verned by a bailiff", ff. FARLEY, (Hamp.) not far from Bafjngftoke, is ufually called Farley- F A Wallop, becaufe, till 1662, when the manfion-houfe was burnt, it had long been the feat of the Wallops, anceftors of the prefent Earl of Portf- jnouth. FARLEY, (Wilts) on the N. E. fide of Clarendon-Park, bel. anciently to the Bohuns, one of whom founded a priory here, from whence it was called Monkton. Farley. From them the manor pafied to the Hungerfords, till they forfeited it by high-treafon. The Ch. here was built by the late Sir Stephen Fox, who alfo founded an hof. here for 6 old men and 6 old women, over whom he placed a ma- iler to teach a fr. fc. and officiate in the Ch. . FARLEY-PARK, (&>#z.) another of the manors forfeited by the Hun- gerfords, ftands near Philips-Norton, on the Frome-Water. Not many years ago here was dug up a Roman pavement of chequer-work. It had a caftle, which ftood on a hill, long fi nee demolished. This manor, which now bel. to Jofeph Houlton, Efq; lies 4 m. S. from Farley-Monkton above-mentioned . FARMINGTON, (GIoc.} oppofite almoft to N. Leche, on the other fide of the r. Leche, bel. anciently to the priory of Eddington in Wilts ; but, at the DifT. was granted to Sir Michael Aflifield , whofe pofterity fold it to Sir Rice Jones, whofe de- fcendant, Sir Henry's daughter, car- ried it by marriage to the Earl of Scarborough. The p. is 7 m. in com. in which a fmall brook rifes that runs into the Windruih ; and there's a large Roman camp in it, called Norbury, with a barrow not far from it to the W. FARN-!SLAND, (Nortbumb.') z m. off of Bamburgh-Caftle, is about i m. in com. has a fort and a light- houfe ; and near it, on the N. fide, are feveral leffer iflands. FARNBOROUGH, (Httmp.) 5m. from Bag/hot, in the road to Win- chefter, where the late Earl of An- glefey bad a hunting-feat. FARNBOROUGH, (WarivC) near Edgehill, formerly bel. to the Mor- timers of Hereford/hire, and after- wards to the Raleighs, in whofe fa- mily it continued till 1640, if not longer. FARNDON, (Nortbamp.) i m. S. of Market-Harborough, where, on a hill, are 2 trenches, the remains of a fort erefted here againit the Danes, who often made incurfions this way, from Leicefterfhire and Northumber- land. FARNHAM, (E/ex] on the r. Stort, to the N. 'W. of Bi&op's- Stortford, bel. formerly to the Bo- huns, Earls of Hereford and ElTex, afterwards to the noble family of the Staffbrds, fince to the Barringtons ; and was not long ago the feat of Will. Glafcock, Efq;. (f* FARNHAM, (Surry) 32 cm. 40 mm. from London, in the Win- chefter road, is a large populous T. on the Wey, fuppofed to have its name from the fern which abounded here, and is the capital of the H. of its own name. It was gi- ven, by the Weft- Saxon K. Ethel- bald, to the See of Winchefter, whofe Bps. have generally refidcd in the caftle here, in the fummer- time, ever fince the R. of K. Ste- phen, whofe brother its then Bp. firit built it. It was a magnificent ftrufture, with deep moats, ftrong walls, and towers at proper diftances, and a fine park ; but 'tis much de- cayed. The T. which has many handfome houfes, and well-paved ftreets, is governed by 12 mafters or burgefies, of whom two are bailiff's, (chofen annually) who ad under the Bp. of Winchefter, have the profit of the Fairs and Mts. and the afiize of bread and beer, and hold a court every 3 weeks, which has power of trying and determining all actions under 40 s. From Michaelmas to Chrijlmas here is a good Mt. for oats ; and one of the greateft wheat Mts. in England, efpecially bet. All- Saints-day and Midfunmter t when R 3 250 F A F A 250 load, one day with another, nay, Furnivals held formerly, by this fer- fometimes 400 load has been ibid in vice, vits. to fit the K's. right-hand . a day. The Hampfhire white wheat, with a glove on the coronation- day, which is fold here, is counted beft and to fupport his left-arm while he for meal, but Suflex for weight and held the fceptre. It defcended from fpending. The toll-dilh here was them, by a daughter of the Nevilr, once reckoned worth 200 /. a year ; to the Talbots Earls of Shrew/bury, but it is much diminiflied, fmce the who continued to'hold the honourable people about Chichefter and South- office, tho' they parted with the ma- ampton began to fend their meal to nor to the crown. London by fea. But this lofs is amply FARNLZY, (York. W. R.) on the made up by the vaft growth of hops S. W. fide of Leeds, bel. formerly here, of which there are 300 or to Sir John Danvile ; by the marriage 400 acres plantations about this T. of whofe daughter it parted to Will, as fruitful as any where, and they Nevil of Hornby-caftle. From the are faid to out-do the Kentifh hop- Nevils it came to the Langtons, and yards, both in quantity and quality, by them to the Danbys ; tho' in the On the other hand, it is is obferved, R. of Hen. V. it was the feat of Sir that this nurfery has quite fupplanted William Harrington. The hall here the clothing trade, and thrown num- was built by Sir Tho. Danby. bers of poor upon the p. who ufed FARWELL, (Staff'.') ontheN.W. to be employed in fpinning, weaving, fide of Litchfield, had formerly a combing, &f. The Ch. here was for- nunnery, fince the feat of the Bag- jnerly but a chapel of cafe to Waver- nals. ley-Abbey. This T. fent members FAUSLEY, (Nortbamf.) near Da- to Pt. in the R. of Edward II. but ventry, has been long the feat of the never fince. The magiftrates have Knightleys. 'Tis fuppofed to have their privileges from the Bp. of Win- been once the chief place of the H. chefter, to whom they pay an ac- becaufe it takes name from it. Jcnowledgment of 12 d. a year. Dr. FAWBURN, (EJfex) i m. from Fuller fays, the Mt.-houfe here was Witham, the manor of Edw. Bul- i>uilt by one Mr. Clark, at his own lock, Efq$ whofe feat here is fup- harge, and that the workmen, in pofed to have been formerly a villa building of it, were fo interrupted or country-houfe of feme noble Ro- by numbers of fpetlators, feme ap- man j the rather becaufe a filver coin proving, others condemning the mo- of Domitian was not long ago dif- 3el, that he caufed this diftich to be covered by the Ld. of the manor's put upon that part of it which was fervants, under the foundation of an then erefted. viz. old wall , built partly of Roman brick. *' You who do like me, give money FAXFLEET, (York. E. R.) on the " enough to end me ; Humber, 10 m. W. from Hull, was, *' You who diflike me, give as much in the R. of Edw. III. the Lp. of " to mend me." Ralph Ld. Nevil of Raby, one of the chief of the Lollards ; in the R. The Mt. is tb. Fairs June 24, of Hen. VI. it bel. to Will, de la Aug. 10, and }Jyv. i. Here are a Pole D. of Suffolk, and in that of fr. fc. and ch. fc. and a great Mt. Edw. IV. to Henry Bromfiete, who for Welfh hofe. Here was a gar- left it by will to be fold, for creeling Tifon for Cha. I. which was dilpof- chantrie's and charities, fefled by Sir Will. Waller. FAYERBOURN, ( York. W. R. ) FARNHAM-ROYAL, (Bucks') i m. bet. Pontefraft and Sherbom, is noted kelow Clifden. is a manor which the for quarries of alabafter, FEC- F E F E FECKENHAM, (Wore.') on the W. fides this, he ordered that, in Lent, fide of its foreft, bet. Aulcefter and every year fuch poor of this p. as re- Bromfgrove, belonged, in the R. of ceived not collection fhould have Hen. VI. to Humphrey D. of Glo- 6 barrels of white-herrings, bcfides cefter. Its foreft has been very much fome cades of red. The fchool here thinned by the wood confumed in has produced feveral eminent fcholars, the falt-works. The late Earl of and is in a flourifhing ftatc. Coventry had a feat here, called Fee- FEN-OTTER Y, (ZWc;;.) on the kenham-Lodge. Here is a ch. fc. N. W. fide of Sidmouth, has name founded, and endowed with 50 /. a from its low dirty fituation. The year, by the late Sir Tho. Cooke. manor was a long time in the Four- FZLDON, (Warto.) a champion neaux family, from whom it came to country on the S. fide of the Avon, the Denhams. of whofe fertile corn-fields, and ver- FENTON, (Devon.} near Plym- dant paftures, there is a delightful tree, did bel. to the Gibbs's, and profpecl: from Edgehill. There are was purchafed of their heirefles by a few traces here of the old Roman judge Glanvile. The Saverys have way, called the Fofle. long had a feat and eftate in this p. FELIXTON, (Suff.) on the coaft FENTON, (Nott.) on the E. fide bet. Landguard-Fort and Bawdfey- of Redford, gave name, as is fup- Haven, has on its cliff the ruins of pofed, to an eminent family, who, a caftle, at leaft the foundation of in the laft century, had an eftate here, one fide of the wall, the reft having In later times the greateft part of been devoured by the fea. The many this hamlet was the inheritance of Roman bricks ftill to be feen, toge- Sir Francis Thornhaugh, defcended ther with the Roman coins that have to him from his anceftors, and whofe been difcovered here, are a ftrong feat was here, as it is now of his proof, that it was once a Roman co- heirs. Jony. FEN TON-G ALLEN, (Corntval) FELLET, (Nott.) near Codnor- near a branch of Falmouth-Haven, Caftle in Derbyshire, had formerly a formerly the Carminows manor, af- priory, the houfe and fite of which, terwards the Holcombs. with the lands bel. to it, were granted FENWICK-HALL, ( Nortbumb. ) by K. Henry VIII. to Will. Bolles, bet. Kirkheadon and Newcaftle, the and, reverting to the crown, were manor and feat of the ancient and granted, by Philip and Mary, to Sir eminent family of the Fenwicks, Anthony Strelley ; and coming again near the r. Pont, which from hence to the crown, were conferred, by runs fome ms. parallel with the Pifts- Tames I. upon Anth. Millington and Wall to Pont-Eland. his heirs. FERN-DOWN, (Dorfetjh.} near FKLSTED, (Effex) on the Chel- Winford-Eagle, in the road to Brid- mer, not far from Dunmow. K. port, where not long ago were dug Hen. VIII. granted it to Sir Richard up urns full of bones. Rich, afterwards Ld. Rich, whofe FE R N H A M-ST.-G E NE VE T, family fixing their refidence in the (5jf.) on the N. fide of St. Ed- neighbourhood, are buried here. He mundfbury, where, in 1173, Rich, founded a ch. fc. here, in the R. of Lacy, C. J. of England, in a pitched Q._Eliz. for 80 children of this Co. battle with Robert Earl of Leicefter, allowing a good falary to the mafter flew 10,000 Flemings, whom he had and uftier ; and an almfh. for 6 poor invited over for the deftrudlion of his people, with handfome weekly al- country. lowances of malt, meat and money, FERSFIELD, (Norf.) bet. Difs fewel, pafture for 6 cows, ?V, be and Buckenham, bsl. heretofore to 'tho F E TO F I the Bois's, the Howards, the Veres Earls of Oxford, the Wingfields, and now to the D. of Norfolk. Here is a printing-prefs. FETCHAM, (Surty) near Leather- head, and 3 m. from Epfom, bel. formerly to the Vincentf, and by them was fold to the Ld. Howard of Effingham. 'Tis now the feat of Mr. Revel, as it was lately of Arthur Moore, Efq; commiflioner of trade. FETHERSTON-HAUGH, (Nortb- ttmb.) on the S. W. fide of Belting- ham and Haltwefel, by South-Tyne, v,-as anciently the eftate of the Piercys Earls of Northumberland, afterwards that of the Fetherftons. ^> FEVERSHAM, (Kent) 44 cm. 48 mm. from London, a member of the Cinque Port of Dover, was a royal demefne A. D. 802, and called, in Kenulf 's charter, the King's little Town, though it is now a large one. In 903, K. AthelfTan held a great council here. K. Stephen eredted a irately abbey, whofe abbots fat in Pt. and he was buried in it, toge- ther with Maud his Q^ and Euftace iis fon ; but z mean gate-hcufes are all that now remains of it. The T. was firft incorporated by the name of the Barons of Feveriham, after- wards by the title of the mayor and commonalty, and laftly by that of the mayor, and jurats, and 'com- monalty. 'Tis a populous flouriih- 3ng place, fituate, as it were, in the very garden of Kent, with the con- veniency of a creek from the Thames, or that branch of it called the Swale, which is navigable by hoys. It con- Cfts chiefly of one long broad ftreet, with a Mt.-houfe and a ch. fc. The Mts. are on W. and S. Fairs Feb. 14, and Aug. i, both for 10 days toge- ther. The London Mts. are fupplied from hence with abundance of apples and cherries, and the beft oyfters for ftewing, which are alfo fetched away in fuch quantities by the Dutch, that a prodigious number of men and boats are employed here in the win- ter, to dredge for them j and it is faid they carry home as many as a- mount to 2000 or 2500 /. a year. The fifliermen will admit none to take up their freedom but married men. This T. ufed to be nototious for running wine, brandy, tea, cof- fee, pepper, &c. from France and Holland, by the help of the Dutch oyfter-boats, and for clandestinely ex- porting wool. K. James II. was flopped here, on board a fmack, as he was efcaping for France, and de- tained till the Prince of Orange fent coaches and a guard to attend him to London. Near this place, as well as in other parts of the Co. there are 4 pits, narrow at top but wide at bottom, which whether dug by the ancient Britons, for extracting chalk to manure their grounds, as Camden thinks, or whether dug by the Saxons, after the manner of the ancient Germans, to lay up their corn in, to preferve it from the ex- treme cold weather, or from any furprize of their enemies, has not yet been clearly determined. This manor was in the crown after the DiiT. till Cha. I. granted it to Sir Dudley Diggs, by whofe fon it was demifed to Sir Geo. Sandes, to whom it gave title of Earl, in the R. of Cha. II. and by remainder from him, went to Lewis Duras, a Frenchman, afterwards naturalized, who married his eldeft daughter, and was K. James II's general ; and it now gives title of Baron to Anth. Dnncomb. FIELD, (Staff.) on the r. Blythe, near Gratwich, was, in 1695, the manor of Sir John Bagot. Sir Har- vey his defcendant had a witch-elm felled in his ground here, in 1680, fo big, that 2 able workmen were 5 days in cutting it down, for it was 40 yards in length, and, at the butt- end, 17 in circumference ; it was 25 feet I -half in the middle, by girth meafure ; 14 load of fire-wood, as much as 6 oxen could draw, broke off in the fall, and 47 as large loads were afterwards cut off from the top. Two faws were joined together, and 3 F I F 1 5 men put to each end, to faw the body afunder. There were 80 pair of nathes for wheels cut out of it firft 5 and out of the remainder 8000 feet of fawn timber, in boards and planks, at 6 fcore the hundred, which came to 12 /. for the fawing only. As thefe things might appear incredible, they were drawn up in wiiting, at the time when the tree was felled, and attefted by Sir Har- vey the owner, his ftcward, bailiff, Purveyor, fawyers, &c. Fi L LON G L E Y-NE w, (T^zrw.) on the S. E. fide of Colefhill, formerly bel. to the Haftings, and in 1640 to John Nevil Ld. Abergaveny. One of the Haftings obtained a Mt. here on M. and a Fair at Midsummer, for 5 days, both long fince difufed. The Haftings are fuppofed to have had their feat here allb ; becaufe by the Ch. are the ruins of 2 caftles. The parks here were purchafed by Ro- bert, anceftor of Sir Adolphus Ough- ton, Bt. whofe family had their feat here. FlLLWOOD-FOREST, (Som.) On the W. fide of Keynfiiam, was a royal demefne, of which the con- itablewick was given, by Henry VI. to Hum. Stafford of Hooke, from whom it came to the Staffords of Southwick in Hants. FINCHCOLTS, (Kent] in the p. of Goudhurft, belonged, in the R. of Henry III. to a family of the fame name, who alienated it to Horden of Horden, from whofe family it went by marriage to the Bathuifts. FINCHDALE, (Durham) on the r. Were, bet. Durham and Lumley- Caftle, had formerly an hermitage, and afterwards a priory, which was a cell to the mon. of Durham ; and 2 fynods are faid to have been held here in 788 and 798. FlNCHINGFIELD, (Effex) OH the E. fide of Thaxted, ftands on the r. Freftiwell or Pant. This manor was held, in the R. of Edward III. by John de Compes, by the fervice of turning the fpit at his coronation, The Kemps, who dwell a* Hall in this p. are fuppofed to be defcended from that ancient family. Some of them founded an alrr.ih, here, and a ch. fc. FINCH LEY, (Midd.) bet. Hen- don and Coneyhatch, is 7 m. N. of London, and has a ch. fc. which was creeled in 1714, for 15 boys, all cloathed. FINGERST, (Bucks) on theW. fide of High-Wiccomb, bel. formerly to the abbey of St. Alban's, und is now a prebend of Wells. FlNNINGLEY, (Nott.) OH the S. E. fide of Doncafter, was anciently in the Mowbrays family ; but the Grange here, which had bel. to the priory of Matterfey, was granted, by Q^Eliz. to Sir Martin Frobiiher, the famous navigator. Here is a ch. fc. FINSHAM, or FYNHAM, (War.') a member of Stonely, to whofe mon. it bel. but, in the R. of Edw. VI. to Cuthbert Joyner of Coventry, and Tho. Kevet. FlNSTOCK, orFlNSCOTT, (Oxf.) not far from Banbury, was the feat of the late Earl of Litch- field, and is noted for the fineft fand for the mf. of glafs. on the S. fide of Sturmifter, a feat of Mr. Pitt, fo called by the vulgar ; being a corruption from the Fitzpain?, its ancient owners. FISHTOFT, (Line.) near Bofton, at the mouth of the Witham ; where Dr. Fuller fays, no mice nor rats will harbor ; infomuch that in barns that are built, half in this p. and half in the next, the fide that ftands in Fifli- toft fhall be free from them, while they infeft the other; which, however incredible, pafles with the vulgar for a truth. Fi s K E R T o N,(Nott.)on the Trent, near Southwell, bel. anciently to the mon. of Thurgarton ; whofe prior ob- tained a Mt. and Fair here ; but the Mt. if not the Fair, has been long dilufed. Themanor-houfe and grange was held under the convent, by a fa- mily F I TO F L wily of the fame name, for many fucceflions. A fter the DiiT. the grange was given, by Phil, and Mary, to Edw. Fiennes Ld. Clinton and Say. All the demefne and manor, with the tithes and ferry here, were given, by Q._Eliz. to Tho. Cooper, Efq; and his heirs ; one of whom fold it to Huntington Plumptree, M.D. in 1649; whofe fon fold the ferry and feme farms to John Cliffe of Nottingham, as Sir Ro- ger Cooper, a defcendant of Thomas aforefaid, did fome parcels to Mr. At- kinfon and others. FITZFORD, (Devon.) nearTavi- ftock, was for a long time the manor of the Fitz family. At the W. end of it is a hof. faid to be founded by the anceflors of the Tremaines. FLADBURY, (Were.} am. on the N. W. fide of Evefliam, in the way to Worcefter, bel. to the fee of Wor- cefter, was fold in the civil wars, by order of Pt. to Rob. Henley and Edw. Smith for io8i/. but afterwards re- ftored to that fee. FLAMBOROUGH, (York. E. R. ) Hands on the promontory, which forms Bridlington-Bay ; and has its name, as fome think, from the word Flame, becaufe of a watch-tower here with lights for the failors. FLAMBOROUGH, (Nott.) in the ps. of Orftcn and Staunton, was, in old writings, called Flamborough de le Hcu, from the long refidence of a family here of that name ; but was fold by Harvey Staunton, Efq; to the E. of Newcastle ; of whom, or his trufiees, it was bought by Sir John Cropley, whole fon afterwards in- clofed it. FLAMSTED, (Hartf.) am. from Market-Street, and 5 frcm St. Al- bans and Dunftable, ftands on the r. Verlam, and was of old called Ver- lamftede. Edw. I. granted it a char- ter for a Mt. on Ti\ and a Fair on St. Leonard's and 5 days after; but they are both long fince difufcd. The ma nor bel. formerly to the Beauchamps "Es. of Warwick, then to the Nevils s. of Salifbury, and then was fet- tled on K. Ken. VII. whofe fon, Hen. VIII. gave it to the Ferrars ; whofe female heir, marrying the Ld. Vile. Fanfliaw, fold it to ferjeant Pecke ; whofe defcendant, William, had it in 1720. The land hereabouts is a clay mixed with flints, fo thick fpread, that, after a mower, nothing appears but a heap of ftones ; and yet it bears very good corn, even in dry fummers ; which fertility is imputed to a warmth in the flint, which preferves it from cold in the winter, and to its clofe- nefs, which keeps it from the fcorch- ing rays of the fun in fummer. In this p. was formerly a nunnery, called St. Giles in the Wood ; which, at the Difl". K. Hen. VIII. granted to Sir Rich. Page, in whofe time Edw. VI. was brought hither for his health ; and tho' the convent is demolifhed, yet, it is faid, the bedftead he lay on, which is curioufly wrought, is ftill preferved in the manor-houfe juft by. This manor pafled from Sir Richard, by his daughter, to the Skipwiths of Lincolnshire, who fold it to Mr. Saun- ders of Puttenham ; whofe defcen- dant Tho. Saunders, Efq; a member of Lincoln's-Inn fociety, made the manor-houfe a fine feat; which, by his only daughter, came to Sir Edw. Seabright, the father of the prefent Ld. of it, Sir Tho.-Saunders Sea- bright, Bt. This is that called Beech-wood manor ; which fee in its place. Flamfted-Hill is near Red- bourn. FLANCHFORD, (Surry) in the p. of Reygate, bel. formerly to theBlud- ders family ; and was alfo the feat of Sir Cyril Wych, who had a park here, well flocked with deer, wherein are 4. ponds in a train, that drive a mill. FLAWFORD, (Nott.) whofe Ch. has a chapel ; where was formerly a chantry, which is now only a burial- place to Ruddington, there being a large chapel in the T. to which the" people refort for divine fervice, rather than to the Ch. which, though a handfome ftruflure, was lately, if it be not ftill, much neglected . FLAXLEY, F L TO F O FLAXLEY, (Gloc.) in the foreft fide of Caftle-Rifing, v.'as alfo called of Dean, had formerly an abbey ; the Felixham, or the village of Felix, manor of which, after the Dill", was and St. Mary de Fontibus, becaufe of granted to Sir Will. Kingfton ; from its fituat:on rear fprings 5 it had a whofe family it pafied, about 1608, to nunnery a cell to Walfingham ; the Abr. Clerke, Efq; and then to his lands and fite of which, after the Dill", near relation Mr. Bovey. There was became the eftate of Sir Tho. Hollis, a forge for iron in the foreft, which but were purchafed by the Duke bel. to this abbey. of Norfolk, and, on his attainder, FLEET, (Line.) in the Fens, near came to the crown. K. Jam. I. gave Gedney ; where in an earthen pot them to Tho. Howard E. of Suffolk ; were found, not very long ago, 3 pecks of whom they were bought by Ld. of Roman copper coins, about the Ch. Juf. Coke. In the fields here is time of Galienus. a plain, encompafied with a fhallow FLTGG, (Norf.) apeninfula, near ditch, called Flitcham-burgh j where Ac!e, containing 13 villages, whofe the freeholders of this, and other Hs. names terminate in by. ufed to meet to determine controver- FLEKENHOE, (Warvv.} in the p. fies among the inh. and to chufe the of Wolphamcote, bel. formerly to the governor of this H. and it is ftill a Lds. Ferrers of Groby ; from whofe cuftom for the inh. of thisH. tocome, family it went, by marriage, to Sir and pay fuit and fervice to the Ld. of Simon Archer of Tamworth. it every year. FLETCHAMSTED, (War,") z m. FLIXTON, (York. E. R.) to the from Coventry, now divided into Up- N. W. of Hunamby ; where a hof.* per and Lower, was firft an hermitage, was built, in the time of Athelftan, to then bel. to the Kts. Templars ; flicker travellers from wolves, by and then to the Kts. Hofpitallers ; which this country was then very after whofe DilT. their eftate here was much infefted. granted to John Beaumont, Efq; and FI.ODDON, (Nortbnmb.} on the r. his heirs, by the name of a manor ; Till, betwixt the Glen and Tweed ; the lands thereunto bel. being faid to noted for hills, near which the fa- be in Upper-Fletchamfted. In the R. mous viftory was gained, Sept, 9, of Edw. VI. he alienated it to Will. 1513, by the Engli/h, &c. over the Humbefton, and his heirs; of whom Scots, that invaded the Km. in the it was purchafed by Sir Tho. Leigh, abfence of Hen. VIII. at Tournay, whofe fon made a park here, and under their K. Jam. IV. who was built a fine houfe, which was enjoyed killed in the battle, by his grandfoh in 1640. Lower- FLOWFARE, (Nott.} in the p. of Fletchamfted, was, in the R. of Hen. Barneby in the Willows, bel. anci- VII. the eftate of Sir John Catefby ; ently to the Kts. Templars ; then to of whofe fon and heir it was purchaied thoie of Jerufalem ; and was the in- by John Smith of Coventry, whofe heritance, not very long ago, of Will, descendant, Sir John Smith of Cra- Cartwright, Efq;.' bet, was Ld. of it in 1640. FLUSHI:- G, (C-rt;.} in Falmouth- FLINTHAM, (Nott.) 4111. from Harbour, bel. to Mr. Trefufis; and is Bingham, bel. for moft part to the the p^nce from whence the packet - Hulieys, from the R. of Edw. I. to boats ftart for Spain and Portugal, Cha. i. when, for want of male heirs, and the Weft-Indies, it paffed to the Drapers, and after- FOKESHILT., (War.'] am. from wards to the Butlers. The demefnes Coventry, formerly bel. to the priory were purchafed of the former by there ; but lately, if not Mil', to the Rich. Hacker, who married the heir- family of Hopkinf. Here aie both efs of the Hufieys. water and wind-mills. FLITCHAM, (Norf.) on the E. ff*p F O F O J04mm. from London, bel. formerly to the Beaumonts, then to Thomas D. of Norfolk ; who having forfeited it, K. Edw. VI. gave it, in exchange fur other manors, to the Ld. Clinton. It ftands on a rifing hill in a very pleafant air, with abundance of good wholfome fprings about it j but has no great trade, and but a little Mt. which is on Th. and the Fairs on djb-W. May-day, and Nov. u. 3=" FotKESTONZ, (Kent} bet. Dover and Hythe, a member of the Cinque-Port of Dover, 60 cm. 69mm. from London, appears to have been a very ancient place, from the Roman coins and Britilh brick often found in it. Here was formerly a nunnery ; but fo near the coaft, that it was often pillaged by the Danes, and at laft Avallowed up by the fea ; when the manor came to the crown, and was by K. Canute fettled on Chrift-Ch.- abbey in Canterbury. Soon after the conqueror came, a priory was erected here, and the manor fettled on it, by confent of the Abp. and convent of Chrift-Ch. After the DifT. Hen. VIII. granted it to Edward Ld. Clin- ton, who fold it to Thomas Ld. Crom- well j on whofe attainder it reverted to the crown, and was regranted to Ld. Clinton ; by whom it was con- veyed to Mr. Herdfon, whofe defcen- dant gave it to his nephew, Sir Bafil Dixwell. Here is a ch. fc. for zo boys, to be nominated by the mayor and jurats, who, with the commo- nalty conftitute the corp. A copious fprirg runs through the T. but it is of chief note for the multitude of fifhing-boats that bel. to its harbour, which are employed at the feafon in cstching mackerel for London ; to which they are carried by the macke- rel-boats of London and Baric ing. About Micbc.dir.as, the Folkfconc- barks, with others from Suflex, go away to the Suffolk and Norfolk- coafts, to catch herrings for the mer- chants of Yarmouth and LeortofT". There is a ridge of chalky rocks, all the way from hence to Dover j and 4 it has been obferved of fome of them, that they have vifibly funk and grown lower, within the memory of man. This place gives title of Vifc. to Bou- verie Ld. Longford. There are yet vifible fome ruins of a fort in the S. part of the T. built, near 700 years ago, by one of the governors of Do- ver-Caftle ; and upon a hill in this T. yet called Caftle-Hill, was a watch- tower. The Mt. here was 7b. by grants of K. John and Edw. III. tho' Sir John Clinton obtained of Rich. II. that it fhculd be on W. and a Fair on Sf. Gila and its eve. Dr. Harvey, who is called the father of phyficians, for having difcovered the circula- tion of the blood, was born at this place. FORD, (Dc-von.) not far from Chard in Souierfet, had an abbey near the r. Axe j at the DifT. of which, K. Hen. VIII. gave this manor to the E. of Oxford, and the fcite of the ab- bey to SirRich. Pollard; whole fon, Sir John, fold it to Sir Amias Pawlet, and he to Will. Rowfwell father to Sir Henry. Here Ere the feats of Mr. Gwynn and Mr. Courteney. FORD-CASTLE, (Nc ft burnt.) a member of the Lp. of Woller, beL formerly to the Herons ; one of whom obtained a licenfe from K. Hen. III. to make a caftle of his houfe here, as alfo a weekly Mt. and an annual Fair j but the former has been long difufed, if not the latter. The Carrs were lately, it they are not now, the Lds. of this caftle. FOR n-HALL^JParw.) in the pre- cinct of Afpley, bel. in the R. of Edw. I. to a family of the fame name, and from thence had the name. In that of Rich. II. it paffed, by the name of a manor, from Nich. Pryl!e of Ludlow to Hen. Bonnebury, and his heirs ; and from thtm, in the R. of Hen. VIII. to John Fulwocd, in mar- riage with the daughter of Nich. Heath j whofe grandfon, John, leaving none but daughters, thisLp. upon the partition, went, by marriage of one of them, to 4ngel Gray of Kingfton in Dorlet/hire. FORDHAM, F O F O FORDHAM, (Ctfwi.)on the N.W. fide of Newmarket, had formerly a mon. now a ch. fc. and was the feat of the late Admiral Wager. g^- FORDINGBRIDGE, (Hamp.) 73 cm. 85 mm. from London, ftands on the Avon, has a Mt. on S. and Fair Aug. 28. It was once much larger than now, it having often fuf- fered by fire. FORDINGTON, (Dorfctjh.) near Dorchefter, is the Prince of Wales's manor, as part of the duchy of Corn- wal. Here is a Ch. with a hand- fome tower. The people rofe in arms not very long ago, and pre- vented the farmers from levelling a great barrow. By an aft of Pt. in 1746, obtained by that publick- fpirited Lady Mrs. Lora Pitt, a cau- fey is made over the moor here, to the E. end of Dorchefter, which, together with a bridge over the Froome, /he agreed to maintain at her own expence for 3 years. FORDWICH, (Kent) on the N. E. fide of Canterbury, called in Doomf- day-Book the little Borough of Ford- wich, is a member of the port of Sandwich, and was anciently incor- porated by the ftile of the Barons of the T. of Fordwich, but more lately by the name of the mayor, jurats and commonalty, who enjoy the lame privileges as the cinque-ports. The mayor ufed heretofore to be ciiofe on the M. after St. Aiuirnv" i- |< FOWEY, orFoY, (Ccrr.ival) 192 cm. 240 mm. from London, has F O F O a commodious haven in the Channel, is a populous place, extending above 1 m, on the E. fide of a r. of its own name, has a fine large old Ch. and a great /hare in the ft/hi ng- trade, efpe- cially pilchards. It role fo much for- merly by naval wars and pyracies,that, in theR. cf Edw. III. its fhips, re- filling to ftrike when required, as they failed by Rye and Winchelfea, were attacked by the /hips of thofe ports, but defeated them j whereupon they bore their arms, mixed with the arms of thofe 2 Cinque-Forts, which gave rife to the name of the Gallants of Fowey. Mr. Carew fays 60 fail of tall /hips once bel. to this harbour, of which 47 were fent to the fiege of Calais. And we learn from Carmkn, that, this T. quartered a part of the arms of every one of the Cinque- Ports with their own, intimating, that they had at times triumphed over them all ; and indeed once they were fo powerful, that they took feveral of the French men of war. In the R. of Edw. III. they refcued certain /hips of Rye from difrrefs, for which this T. was made a member of theCinque- Ports. Edw. IV. favoured this T. fo much, that when the French threatened to come up the r. to burn it, he caufed 2. towers, the ruins of which are yet vifible, to be built at the publick charge for its fecurity : but he was afterwaids fo difgufied with the inh. for falling upon the French, after a truce procia : medwith Lewis XI. that he took away all their fhips and naval ftores, together with a chjin drawn crofs the r. bet. the 2 forts above-mentioned, which was carried to Dartmouth. "Pis faid they were fo in'bknt, that they cut off the ears of the K's. purfuivants ; for which fome lives were forfeited, as well as eftates. The corp. confi/rs of a mayor, recorder, 8 aid. a town- clerk, and 2 afiiftants. The Tre- fryes have long had a manfion here. The Mt. is 6'. the Fairs Sbrwe-fv. May-day and Sept. 16. Here are a fine old Ch. a fr. fc. and a hof. the latter endowed by Mr. Ra/hleigh. The mapor bel. to a neighbouring priory, till the Di(T. when it was annexed to the duchy of Cornwall ; but the toll of the Mt. and Fairs, and key^ge of the harbour, were veiled in the corp. on the payment of a fee-farm rent of about 40 s. to the duchy. It does not appear to have fent members to Ft. before the I3th of Q^Eliz. Here is a coinage tor the tin ; of which a great quantity is dug in the country to the N. and W. of it. The r. Fey, or Foath, is very broad and deep here, and was formerly navigable as hip.h as Leftwithicl. ' ^FOWI.NFSS, (Efix) an ifl-.nd ro the E. of Wairleec', which was for- merly fubjecl to frequent inundations, till by the Dvitch art of draining, ir is become good land. At low water it may be come at on horfe-back. For- merly here was only a chapel, and it was inhabited by the piri/hioners of Rochford, Sutton, &c . but about the time of the Ref. it was made a paro- chial Ch. FOXHALL, (Surry) in the p. of Larnbeth, on the S. W. fid .- of the Abp. of Canterbury's pah cc, in the, road to Batterfey and Claplum. This is the place, where are thole called Spring Gardens, laid out in fo grand a tafte, thru they are frequented, in the 3 fummer months, by moft of the nobility and gentry, then in and near London ; and are often honoured with fome of the royal family, who ate here entertained with the fwcet fong of numbers of nightingales, in concert with the beft band of rnuficlc in England. Here are fine pavilions, /hady groves, and moft delightful walks, illuminated by above loco lamps, fodifpofcd, that they all take fire together, almo/ras quick as light- ning, Kr.d dart fuch a futiden blaze, as is perfectly furprizing. Here are, among others, 2 curious ftatues of Apollo the god, and Mr. Handel the nuft'.T of inufick $ and in the centre of the area, where the walks termi- nate, is creeled the te0;ple for the S a mufi. F R F R muiicians, which is encompafled all round with handfome feats, decorated with pleafant paintings, on fubjefts inoft happily adapted to the feafon, place, and company. Near the turn- pike, where the road turns off from this place to-Newington, are ftill to be feen the remains of a baftion, and of fome lines caft up by the Romans. By the direction of thele lines, which feem to have been thrown up from Lambeth (to which the Roman mili- tary way croffed the Thames from the horfe-ferry) quite round through St. Oeorge's- Fields, Kent-Street, &c, to the Thames zt Deptfofd, it is hardly to be doubted, that they were caft up to prevent the incurfions of the Bri- tons into Kent. 83 s FRAMLINGHAM, (Suff.) 74 cm. 86mm. from London, is a large old T. with a caftle, fuppofed to have been built by fome of the firft Ks. of the Eaft-AngJes ; the walls,yet ftand- ing, are 44 foot high, 8 thick, with 1 3 towers 14 foot above them, 2 of which are watch-towers. To this caftle the Pfs. afterwards Q^Mary I. retired, when the lady Jane Grey was her competitor for the crown. After it had been in fundry families, the laft of which were the Veres Es. of Ox- ford, and the Howards Ds. of Nor- folk, it was fold, together with the Lp. to Sir Rob. Hitcham, who gave them to Pembrcke-Hall, Cambridge. The T. ftands pleafantly, though but indifferently built, upon a clay hill, in a fruitful foil and a healthy air, near the fource of the r. Ore, by fome called Winckel, which runs through it to Orford. It has a fpacious place for the Mt. on 5. and a large ftately Ch. built all of black flint, with a fteeple 100 foot high. Here are 2 good airrjnos. one founded by Sir Rob. Hitcham, in 1654, who alfo a fr. fc. here ; the other, about 1704, by the truftees of Mr. Mills, a baptift-minifter. Its Fairs are Whit-Mon. Tu. and Wed. and Sept. 29. FKAMPTON, or FROMETON, (Dcrfet.) lea cm. 1 17 mm. from London, and fhnds en Frome r. which abounds with excellent trouts. Mr. Brown, Ld. of the manor, has a fine feat here, built of Portland ftone, and above 80 foot in front. Its Mt. is Tb. and Fairs on St. Matthew's and St. Gcorge's-days. (Gloc.) bet. Berkley and Newnham, is a p. 8 m. in com. bounded with the Severn on the W. the Stroud on the N. and Berkley river on the S. This manor was long enjoyed by the Cliffords, and had once both Mts. and Fairs. At length it came, by the heirefles, to Rob. Fitz-Pain ; then to the Chediccks ; and then to the Arundels, who fold it to Humph. Hooke, aid. of Briftol j in whofe pofterity it very lately remained. The tide comes up in aftrait line, for4m. in length weftward, with fuch rapi- dity, that, on its reaching the foot of 'a hill on the left fide of the foreft of Dean, and turning round to the N. it gathers into a head, that looks like a high weir a-crofs the r. bearing every thing before it, till it comes to Newnham's N T ob, a natural bulwark ; which turns the torrent fo to the E. thatwhen itreachesthe N. ofFramp- ton, the land bet. the 2 parts of the r. is but I m. broad. The E. of Berkley has lately fini/hed a great bulwark near this place, called Hock- Crib, which is to enforce the Severn by Art's-Point into its former chan- nel. Here is that called Frying-Pan Fair on Feb. 3. FRANCTON, ( Warvu. ) on the Fofs, near Dunfmore-Heath, bel. an- ciently in part to the Es. of Warwick, and partly to the prior of Coventry. The latter, after the Diff. was granted by Q^Eliz. to Tho. Woodcock, Tho. Thornton, and their heirs ; by whom it was fold to John Temple, whofe grandfon enioyed it in 1640. The former came to a family of the fame name, which held it till the R. of Edw. I. when it came to Ralph Oke- over, who fold it to John Palmer ; in whofe F R F R \vhofe male line it continued till the R. of Henry VI. when by marriage it came to John Hereward. In the R. of Hen. VIII. it be), to Richard Duke, from whofe poflerity it came to Thomas Leefon, and after him to Edward York, whole fon gave it in marri.if e with his daughter to John Sh:;^bnith, 4;. FREMJNGTON, (Devon.) on the W. fide of Bamflapk-, gives name to its H. and fent members to Pt. once or t\vice in the R. of Edw. III. It being in the crown,, K. Edward VI. granted the fee-farni of it to Bernaid Hnmpton, who alienated it to Hugh Sloly of Sloly. FRENDSBURY, ( Kent ) ncir Ch.itliam. Its leafe was formeily in the hands of Audlcy and Firtier, but the fee-fimple was given to Thomas Cromwell Earl of Eflex, who for- feiting it to the crown by high trea- fon, it was given to Sir Will. Drury, whofc defendants fold it to the Uark. FRENSHAM, (Surry) 3m. S, of F-unham, noted for a pond near 3 m. in comp. well known, to the fiih- nv.'-ngers of London for its excellent tarp. This, with another ponO, in the fame p. bel. to the Bp. of \Vin- chtfler ; but both are, or lately were, hi-U in leafe by Sir William Moor. .Ke.ii thcfe is alfo Abbots-Pond, which fcrnierly bel. to Waverlcy- t.bfVj but was lately in the poiTcf- fii.ii of Ld. Vifc, Montacute. FRESDT.N, ( Hartf.) on the N. de of Bcrkhamftt-d, \%as granted by C^_Eliz. to Lsdy Cheyney, by whom it was fold to Ralph Marfhal, who conveyed it in the fame R. to Ran- dolph Crew, Thomas Chamberlain, and Mr. Cirtw right, \\ho in the R. of James I, conveyed it to Thomas Ld. Ellefmere and Sir John Egerton. FRF.SLEY, (Warvu.) a member of Polefworth, to the nuns of which its mill formerly bel. as did 2 parts of the village to the canons of Lil- fluil in Shropshire, At the Rcf. K, Hen. VIII. granted th manor to James Lcvcfon, merchant of the liaple, who fold it to John Beck. FRIMLEY, (Surry) ontheS.W. fide of Bag fliot, ^ear Elackwater, is in the p. of Aihe, to which it has a chapel of cafe. It was lately the manor and feat of James Tichborn, Etq; whole family-vault is in the chapel, which was confecrated the beginning of the lift century- FR INGFORD, (Oxf,} on theN.W. fide of Bicefter, \vas anciently part of the barony of the Arlics, from whom it went by marriage to the Grays of Rotherfield, and afterwards it was divided bet. the Lds. Level and Cromwell. FRITH, (Kent] in the p. of Be- th:-rf(ien, w:'.s formerly held a good while by the Mayneys, and pafled from that family, by the Darrels and Gibbons, to the Chowtes of Sur- renden. FRITH, or NEW-HALL, (MM.) on the N. E. fide of Mill-Hill, bel. once to the Therlcbyes, from whom it was purchafed by Mr. Weekes. FR 1 T HELSTOKE, (De-VOTl.} Op- pofite to Torrington, had a priory, the fite ond barton whereof, conta'n- ing 1000 acres, were granted by K. Hin. VIII. together with the manor, to Arthur Plantagenet Vifc. Lille. %$ FRODLINGHAM, (York. E. K.) on the Hull r. 148 cm. 172 mm. from London, has a Mt. on 77>. . . . '4cm. 162 mm. from London, is noted for its ancient caftie, that was the feat of Earls Rivers for many ages. It has a ftone-bridge over the r. Weaver, near its conflux with the Merfey, and a harbour for fhjps of good bur- den, with a Mt. on W, and Fair Aug. 10. FROGMORE, (Brrlis) near Wind- for, the feat of the late Duchefs dowager of Northumberland, newly purchafed by the Hon. Edward Wai- pole, Efq; g^> FROME-SELWOOD, (Sem*) 9 m, from Bath, 18 from Briliol, S 3 85 F R F R 85 cm. 09 mm. from London. 'Tis the chief T. of this part of the country, which was anciently one great foreft, called Selwood-fhire ; and, no longer ago than the latter end of the laft century, in thofe called Frome- Woodlands, there was a confiderable gang of money-coiners or clippers, of whom many were taken and executed, and their co- vert laid open. Its Ch. and the eftate bel. to it, was given by Hen. I. to the priory of Cirencefter, and came afterwards to the Thynnes of Long- leaf, anceftors of the Ld. Vifc. Wey- mouth. Tho' the T. is bigger than fome cities, yet it has only one Ch. a large handfome one indeed ; but here are 6 or 7 meeting-houfes of Proteftant Difienters, two of which, viz. one of the Prefbyterians, and one of the Baptifts, both built of white free-ftone, are as handfome perhaps as any in England, and there are few more fpacious. Here is an almffi. or rather work-houfe, and a chapel to it, and a fr. fc. but the Greets are very irregular and uneven. The inh. are reckoned about 13000, whofe chief mf. is broad- cloath, in which it employed fo many hands about the beginning of this century, that 7 waggons ufed to be fent hence weekly with cloth, for Blackwell- Hall, London, &c. Indeed all of it was not made here ; for the clo- thiers of Whatley, Mells, and other neighbouring villages, brought their goods hither for carriage to London, and each of thefe waggons ufed to hold 140 pieces, which being valued at 14 /. a cloth, one with another, made the value of the whole amount to above 700,000 /. a year ; and, 30 years ago, raore wire cards for carding the wool for the fpinners were made here, than in all England befides, which was for moft part fup- plied with them from hence ; for here were no lefs than 20 matter cardmakers, one of whom (Mr. Glo- ver) emjlyed 400 men, women and children in that mf. at one time j f that even children of 7 or 8 years of age could earn half a crown a week. The cloths made here for moft part, are medleys of 7 or 8 s. a yard. The r. here, which abounds with trout, eels, &c . rifes in the woodlands, and runs under its ftone-bridge towards Bath, on the E. fide of which it falls into the A /on. This T. has been a long time of fpecial note for its rare fine beer, which they keep to a great age, and is generally preferred by the gentry to the wines of France and Portugal. It was governed formerly by a bailiff, and now by 2 conftables of the H. of Frome, chofe at the court-leet of the Ld. of the manor, who was lately Mr.. Seaman. The inh. of this T. who had /hewn their zeal for the glorious Revol. endea- voured in the R. of K. Will, to ob- tain a charter of incorp. but in vain, becaufe they were oppofed in it by a neighbouring Ld. Here were formerly 3 chanteries. The Mts. here are W. and 5. and the Fairs on St.Mattbiaft- day and St. Catherine's. FROXFIELD, (Wilts] intheBath road, 2 m. "from Hungerford, where is an almfh. well endowed, which was founded by Sarah Duchefs dow- ager of Somerfet, relict of the laft D. of the elder branch of the noble family of Seymour, for 30 widows not .having 20 /. a year to fubfift on, one half the widows of clergy- men, the other half laymen's widows, for whofe maintenance fhe devifed feveral manors, mefluages and farms, befides above 2000 /. that fhe left by her will, for the building and furni- ture of this almfh. which contains thirty ground-rooms, and as many chambers, one of each fort being al- lowed to every widow, with a little plat of garden. Here is a chapel for them, wherein the chaplain, whofe ftipend is 30 /. a year, is to read prayers every day, and to preach on Sunday. Befides the yearly penfion in money, which is new about eight guineas, F U TO G A guineas, the widows are allowed a cloth-gown, with a certain quantity of wood every winter; and when the cftates /he has given to the alrnfh. (many of which are now de- mifed upon leafe for lives) fhall fall in and produce a clear income of more than 400 /. a year, (he ap- pointed additional lodgings to be built for 20 more widows. FULFORD, (Staff.) on the N. E. fide of Stone, near the Blythe, lately bel. to one Gifford. Here is a quarry of good building ftone, purely white and of a fine grain. FULHAM, (Midd.) 4 m. from London, was in the Conqueror's time held of the K. by the canons of St. Paul's ; and there is an ancient houle here, which is moated about, and bel. to the See of London. King Hen. III. often lay in it. From this place to Putney there is a wooden bridge over the Thames, where not only horfes, ceaches, and all car- riages, but even foot-paflengers pay toll. The Oh. here is both a rettery and a vicarage. FULLINGROVE, (Devon.) near Barnftaple, to whofe priory it once bel. but at the Din", came to Mr. Copleftone. FULMER, (Camb.) the next p. to Triplow and Meldrith by Brent- Dike, has quarries in which are found great quantities of fire-Hones, that produce plenty of vitriol. FY F i ELD, (Hamf.) in a fine fport- ing country, I m. from Weyhill, and 3 from Andover, is a manor of 300 acres, fet by leafe at 140 /. a year, and 6 1 acres of coppice and wood ground. FY FIELD, (Berks') on the N. W. fide of Abingdon, bel. formerly to the Golafres, and was purchafed by Sir Tho. White Ld. -mayor of London, who fettled it on St. John's Coll. in Oxford, which he founded ; at firft Ipafing it out to his brother, in whofe family it has continued in a direct line to this day ; but St. John's Coll. are Lds. of the manor. G A GADDESDEN, GREAT and LITTLE, (Hartf.) near He- mel-Hempftead, have Cawley-Wood and Ivingo-Hills to the N.W. Ald- bury-Cliffs on the S. W. and Dun- ftable-Downs to the N. and have their name from their fituation in the vale where the r. Gade rifes. The manor of Great- Gaddefden, which is i m. lo the E. of the Lefler, was by K. Hen. VII. granted to Tho. Stanley Earl of Derby, in whofe family it continued till the R. of Q._ Eliz. when the heirefles of Ferdinando Earl of Derby fuffered a recovery of this manor, and con- veyed it to Sir Rob. Cecil, then fe- cretary of ftate, who granted it to Mr. Carey of Berkhamfted, by whom it was conveyed to Rich. Speed. Ne- verthelefs, it came afterwards to Sir Philip Carey of Cadington, who, with Sir Henry Carey of Berkhamfted,. conveyed it to the Ld. Ellefmere, Ld. Chan, of England, and from him it came to the late D. of Bridgwater. Little-Gaddefden, 3 m. N. of He- mel-Hemfted, bel. formerly to the mon. of Bonhommes j but after the Diff. it came to the crown, where it continued till Q._Eliz. granted it to the Lady Cheyney ; but was after- wards fold to Ralph Marina!, who conveyed it to Randolph Crew, by whom it was granted to Ld. Ellef-. mere and Sir John Egerton. About half a m. off^ on the other fide of the common that runs along by the D. of Bridgewater's park, there is a noble profpeft into 3 Cos. which is moft beautifully diversified with woods, cliffs, rivers, and land both arable and pafture. GA L T R ES-FOR E s T, (rbr*.N.R.) on the S. fide of Gilling.Caftle, ex- tended formerly to the very walls of York city, and was famous for an annual horfe-race, where the prize for the winning horfe was a little golden G A G A golden bell. Mr. Camden fays, thefe races were frequented by fuch num- bers of people from all parts, and that fuch great wagers were laid on the racers, as was incredible. GAMLING AY, (Can:b.} is a pretty large village, near Caxton, Bigglef- vvade, and E. Hatley, and in the road from Cambridge to Oxford, which was the manor and feat of the Avenells, whofe inheritance de- fcended by marriage to the ancient family of St. George. 'Tis now the feat of Sir Jacob Gerrard Downing, Bt. Here is a ch. fc. fupported by the fubfcriptions of the neighbour- ing gentry and of Merton Coll. and an old hof. erected by the family of Jacob. GAMSTON, (AVf.) in the p. of Bridgford, and near Adbolton, anci- ently the eftate of the Lutterels, then of the Thimelbys, one of whom fold it to Sir Henry Pierpoint, the itnceftor of the D. of Kingfton. GAMSTON, ( Notrin? h. ) on the Idle, to the N. W. of fuxford, bel. in the laft century to the Markhams, afterwards to the Earl of Clare, and fmce to the D. of Newcaftle. 8^ GANESBOROUGH, (Line. ) 115 cm. 137 mm. from London, is a well-built T. of good trsde, upon the Tren h , which brings up fhips of good burden with the tide, tho' it is near 40 m. from the Humber by \viter, and 'tis reckoned the moft flourifliing T. in the Co. Its Ch. being ruinous, was, by aft of Pt. in 1735, pulled down, in order to be rebuilt. Here are feveral meeting- houfes of Proteftant Diflenters, with a large fine place for a Mt. which is on Tu. and its Fairs are Ea^r-M. and Off. 9. It gives title of Earl to the family of Noel. The N. marfh in its neighbourhood is noted for horfe-races. The Danes who invaded the Km. brought their fliips up to this place. GANFORD, (Durham] near Bar- nard-Caftle, to which it is the mo- ther Ch. ftarxls near the influx of a fmall r. into the Tees, and is an, an- cient manor, with a large territory. GARBOLDISHAM, (Norf.} near Keninghall, and on the N. W. fide of Dis, has a handfome feat of Sir Edmund Bacon, Bt. built by his fa- ther, Sir Robert, who purchafed it. GARGRAVE, (Tori;. W. R.) a pretty pleasant T. near Winterburn, bet. Settle and Skipton in Craven, divided by the r. Are, which abounds with fifh, " and has fuch a winding " courfe (fays Camden) through tht " Ings bit. this and Skipton, and " fports fo in meanders from its very " fource, as if it was undetermined " almoft whether to run to the fea, " or back to its fountain for I was " forced to crofs it, in my direfl road, " no lefs than fcvcn times in half an hour." This place is the yearly ren- dezvous of the gentlemen of York/hire and the adjacent Cos. for the hunt- ing feafon. GAS MANS WAY, (Durham) 5m. from Durham, is the place from whence the Danifh K. Canute went barefoot, to vifit St. Cuthbert's tomb- in that city. K5GARSTANG,(Z,ar.) 177011. 222 rnm, from London, in the poft- road bet. Prefton and Lancafler, has a Mt. on Ib, and Fair JVsf. 10. GARSTON, (Hai-tf.) in the p. of Watford, is a manor which bel. for- merly to the abbey of St. Alban's ; but, at the Ref. was given to Rich, and John Randal, from whom it came to Robert Carter, whole fon, William, fold it to John Marfh, Efq; to whofe pofterity it did lately, if it does not ftill, belong. GARSTOK-EAST, (erki) near Hungerford. The manor was held in the R. of Edw. HI. by the fervice of finding a Kt. armed with plate-ar- mour in the K's. army, when it flicu'd be in the territory of Kidwelly in Wales. It bel. afterwards to the Ds. of Lancafter ; not many years fince to the family of Gaftrey j and lately to Mr. Jones of Raxnlbury. G A TO G E GAR THORP, (Litic.) in the p. of Luddington and manor of Crowle, on the bank of the Dun, bel. to Rich, and Batly Worfop, Efqrsj who have each a feat here. GAR WIN TON, (Kent') in the p. of Beakfbourn, bel. anciently to Lds. of that name 5 but was transferred, by the heirefs of that family, to the Haines ; from whom, by Ifaac, Syd- Jey, and Palmer, it came to Mr. Geo. Curtis. GASSON, ( Surry ) in the p. of Blechingley, at the fource of the Med- way, bel. not many years ago to Sir Will. Hayward. GATESHEAD, (Durham) is, as it were, the fuburb of Newcaftle, tho 1 it lies in another Co. being divided by the r. Tyne ; over which there is a ftately ftone-bridge, with an iron-gate in the middle, which is the boundary bet. the Bpk. and Northumberland. Here live the coal-pit men. G A T z s H I L L , (Sarry) a tything of Godalming whofe manor was an- ciently held of the K. by the mafter of his concubines that followed the court. GATTACRE, (Salop] to the S.E. of Bridgenorth, the eftate of a fa- mily of that name from the time of Edw. the Confeflbr. jp. GATTON, (Surry) 15011. 18 mm. from London, under the fide of a hill going to Reygate, is fuppofed to have been known to the Romans, by reafon of their coins and other anti- quities that have been found here ; and where the manor-houfe ftands, it is faid there was once a caftle. 'Tis a Bor. by prefcription ; has fent mem- bers to Ft. ever fmce the zgth of Hen. VI. and was formerly a large T. but is now a mean village, with a fmall Ch. and without Fair, or Mt. The members are returned by its con- ftable, who is chofe annually at the court of Mr. Newland, Ld. of the manor. It bel. formerly to the Cop- leys, who fold it, about the middle of the laft century, to Tho. Targis, E% who by will left it to Will. New. land, eldeft fon to Sir Geo. Newland. The regifter of this p. begins, anr.* 1599. The r. Mole rifes in this p. which is alfo noted for a quarry of white free-ftone, which is foft, and endures the fire admirably well in winter, but neither fun, nor air. 'Tis much ufed by chymifts, bakers, glafs-houfes, Gfc. GAUTHORP-HALL,(nr*.W.R.) in the p. of Harwood, midway bet. Leeds and Knare/borough, famous for the refidence of the ancient family of the Gafcoigns ; but is now the manor and fine feat of James Boulter, Efq;.. GAWSEWORTK-HALI,, (Cbeft.} near Macclesfield, formerly bel. to the E. of Macclesfield, now to the E. of Harrington. GAYNFORD, (Durham] on the Tees, 3 m. E. of Barnard 1 s-Caftle } of which it is the mother-Ch. GAYTEFORD, (Nott.} a hamlet of Workfop, bel. to a family of its own name for feveral fucceflions ; and afterwards to the Kts, Laflels and Rhodes, one of whom, Sir Francis Rhodes, was high-fheriff of this Co. GAYTEFORTH, (York. W. R.) bet. Snath and Sherborn, was the Lp. of Henry de Bromflet, who was the principal founder of the order of white-fryars all over England. GEDDINGTON, (Northampton.) i m. from Boughton, and to the N. E. of Ru/hton and Newton, had anciently a royal caftle ; and a ftone crofs was creeled here in honour ofQ^Eleanor, wife to K. Edward I. A chace bel. to thisT. which is the D. of Montague's ; and here is a ch. fc. GEDLING, (Nott.) near Notting- ham, in the road to Mansfield ; which, after being pofiefled and forfeited, both by Ld. Lovel and his nephew Hen. Norris, K. Hen. VIII. granted it to Lady Ann Stanhope, the ancef- tor of the Chefterfield family, who prefent both to its reftory and vicar- age. GlDNBV, G E TO G I GEDNEY, (Lin;.) near Fleet and Tid-St.-Mary's. Its manor bel. in theR. of Hen. VIII. to Ld. St. John ; but was Ibid to that K. at 20 years purchafe, befides the woods that bel. to it. The parfonage here is a dona- tive, and the vicar has the cure of fouJs with 400 /. a year. GEDNEY, (Som.) with its moor, near Glaftonbury and Wells, was, they fay, given to Jofeph of Ar;ma- thea, when he built Glaftonbury- Abbey. GENTLESHALI., (Staff.) on the W. fide of Litchfield, bel. formerly to the Staffords, and fince to Mr. Skeffington. The Ld. Vjfc. Mafia- rcen had a feat here, with a noble plantation of trees about it. ST. GEORGE'S-FIELDS, (Surry) a large ipace bet. Lambeth and South- wark, where have been found many Roman coins, chequered pavements, and bricks ; it being the centre of 3 Roman ways. # ST. GERMAN'S, (Cam.) 180 cm. 220 mm. from London, bet. Sal- tafh and Leflcard, on the little r. Li- ver abounding with oyfters. Though once a Bp's. fee, removed hither from Bodmin, and from hence to Kirton, and thence to Exeter, it is now a de- cayed village j yet it has, ever fince the 5th of Q;_El;z. fent 2 members to Pt. has a Mt. though a fmall one, on F. and Fairs May 24 and Aug. I. The chief magiftme, who is called the mayor, or portreeve, is bailiff alfo of the Bor. and may make any houfe in it the prifon of the perfon whom he arrefts. He is chofen, about Mi- chaelmas, at the court-leet of the Ld. of the manor, by a jury impanelled for the purpofe. The ruins of the epifcopal palace are yet vifible at a farm-houfe at Cuttenbeck, im. and half from the T. and in the Ch. which is large and handfome, there are ftill an cpifcopal chair (which is for the Bp. of Exeter's fuft'ragan) and the flails of the prebends. The p. which is the largeft in Cornwall, is zoni, in com. including no lefs than 17 villages ; and it is fuppofed to have more gentlemen's feats and Lps. than any other p. in England. Here was ' formerly a priory at a place fronting the f. now called Port-Elliot, from the family of the Elliots, who areLds. of the manor, which they bought of the Champernoons ; to whom it came accicentilly at the Dill. One cf the late Elliots endowed a public fc. here, and repaired the feiTions-houfe. The rectory of its Ch. is held by leafe, for 21 years, of the D. and C. of Windier. The members cf Pt. are chofe by all the houfholders who have lived a year within the Bor. which contains about 6c houfes near the Ch. the reft cf the p. being with- out the Bor. The T. ftands on a ri- fing ground, in the form cf an am- phitheatre j but the houfes are meanly built and irregular, as is the rock which is their bafis. GERR ARD'S-CROSS, (Bucki)near Chalfont, bet. Uxbridge and Amer- fljarr., is a fine feat cf the D. of Port- land ; whofc anceftor the E. of Port- land, fo created by K. Will, built and endowed a ch. fc. here, where 20 boys and 15 girls are taught and cloathed, and * of the children put out apprentices every year. GIBS MERE, (Nott.) a hamlet of Southwell, which formerly bel. to the Annefleys $ from whom it pafied, by marriage, to the anceitor of Patrick Vifc. Chaworth. GIDDY-HALL, (Effae) atthe far- ther end of Rumford, was the feat of a manor in the liberty of Havering, a great fquare building, like a jefuits- Coll. in the middle of a park ; begun by Sir Tho. Cooke, Ld. -mayor of London in the R. cf Edw. IV. and finifhcd by his great grand-fon, Sir Anth. Cooke, governor to K. Ed. VI. fevsral of whofe family were interred in its chapel. It was afterwards Q._ Elir's. manor ; and, not very many years ago, was in the hands of Mr. Shatterden of Barbados. It is fince pulled down to the ground ; and there now ftands a ftately raanifion-houfe, bttilc G I built on the fpot by the late Sir John Eyles, Ld. -mayor of London. GIGCLESWICK, (Turk. W.R. ) half a m. from Settle, ftands on the r. Ribble ; where, at the foot of a mountain, is a fpring, the moft noted in England for ebbing and flowing fometimes thrice in an hour, and the water fubfides 3 quarters of a yard at the reflux, though the fea is 30 m. off. At this T. is an eminent free grammar-fc. founded by one Mr. Bridges, and well endowed ; and in the neighbourhood are flags, flate, and ftone, with a gsed lime-kiln. ST. GILES-IN-TKE-HEATH, (ZWsff.) has the Tamar on the W. and a pretty brook on the E. called Gary ; but lies in a barren foil, to the N. E. of Launceflon. GILLING, ( York. N. R. ) near Richmond, had a cattle j and was'the capital manfion of Will. theConq's. great Capt. Alan (to whom he gave the greateft part of 146 manors) as it was long afterwards the feat of the Lds. of this country. It gives name to ths Hs. Gilling E. and W. and had formerly a mon. The caftle bel. once to the Mowbrays, and afterwards to the Fairfaxes. GILLINGHAM, (Dorfet.) on the Stour, near Shaft/bury and the foreft of its own name ; where, anno 1016, K. Edm. Ironfide vanquished the Danes. GILLINGHAM, (Kent} 3m. be- low Chatham, and on the fame fide of the Medway. The manor always bel. to the Abps. of Canterbury, who had a fine palace here ; but its Ch. was given, by Hen. I. to the mon. of Shepey-Ifland. It had once a Mt. on T/b. and a Fair Sept. 14, \vhich held a week, and was procured by Peck- ham, Abp. of Canterbury, in the R. of Edw. I. Part of Chatham-Dock is in this p. and here is a caftle well furni/hed with guns, that commands the r. there being no Jefs than 170 embrazurcs for cannon ; which would flop the progrefs of any enemy, that fliould happen to make vray by Shcer- 3 G I nefs-Fort, before they could reach Chatham. Here are alfo copperas- works. At this place 600 Norman gentlemen, who came over in the re- tinue of the two princes Alfred and Edward, were all barbaroufly mur- dered by Earl Godwin. GILI.INOKAM, ALL-SAINTS and ST. MARY'S, (Norfolk] lie near the bridge over the Waveney to Beck- les ; and the latter is the feat of Sir Cha. Caftleton, Bt. as the former is of Sir Edm. Bacon, Bt. GiLLiSLAND,(Ca.) on the N. fide of the Co. bet. the rs. Kirkfop and Whit-Leven, was anciently in the family of the Moltons ; then in that cf the Lds. Dacre, who held it a long, time, till it went by marriage to the noble family of the Howards, and gives title of Baron to that branch, who are the Es. of Carlifle. 'Tis a traft mnch embarrafied with brooks, here called Gilles. The pits-wall runs through part of it, from Carlifle to the E. GILMORTOV, (L'f.) near Lut- terworth, had certain farms and rents bel. to the Coll. of Tonge in Salop ; which, at the DifT. were given by Hen. VIII. to Sir Rich. Manners, anceftor of the prefentD. of Rutland. In the R. of Edw. IV. the p. was the demefne cf Sir Will. Haflerig, Kt. GiLSHAUGHLIN, (Wi-fl.} 4 Or 5 m. N. W. of Appleby ; from whence its manor was removed hither, when that T. was infeded with the plague, anna 1598. GIMMINGHAM, (Norfc!)} on the N. E. fide of Bermingharn, not far from the fea-coafr, bel. formerly 'o John of Gaunt D. cf Lancafter. 'Tis remarked by Sir Hen. Spehnan, that in this phce, the ancient cuftom of tenure in foccage is ftill kept up, the tenant paying his rent not in money, but in fo many day's work, or in ne- cefTaries for food and raiment ; a culrom much pracftifed by the Gauls on this fide of the Alps, and which was firft aboliflied in this Km. by Hen. H. GITTON, G I G I GIPTON, (Tork. W.R.) not far from Hawkfworth, the eftate of the late Sir Ja. Long. Here is a curious cold fpring, which is frequented by perfons of quality, and accommodated with convenient apartments to fweat in after bathing. The place was fit- ted up for this ufe in 1681. GIRT ON, (Nott.) a village bel. to Newark, of which the Bp. of Lincoln is Ld. and where the Kts. Templars had feme intereft in the R. of Edw. I. Kf Gi SHORN, (rork.Vf. R.) on the b. of Lancaftire, i6ocm. 189 mm. from London, bel. in the R. of Hen. III. to the Piercys Es. of North- umberland j one of whom gave it to the monks of Salley, together with the foreft, on their paying 20 marks yearly. After this, Eleanor, the wife of another of thofe Es. had the perquifites of the court and chace here for part of her dower. The Mt. is on M. Tho. Lifter, Efq; has a feat in the foreft, near Colney. J3? Gi s BOROUGH, (Tork. N.R.) in Cleveland, and the road from \Vhitby to Durham, 183 cm. 114 mm. from London, and 4 m. from the mouth of the Tees, where is a bay and harbour for mips. It had for- merly an abbey, which was once the common burial-place of the nobility of thefe parts, and its Ch. by the ruins feems to have been equal to the beft cathedrals in England. 'Tis fo pltafant a fituation, that Camden compared it to Putcoli in Italy : And the inh. are praifed by travellers, for their good manners, the neatnefs of their houfes, and the cleanlinefs of their diet. The coldnefs of the breezes from the fea is qualified by the inter- vening hills. The foil, befides its fer- tility in pafture, and a conftant verdure adorned with plenty of field -flowers almoft all the year, has earths of fun- dry colours, feme iron, and mines of allom, which were firft difcovered by Sir Tho. Chaloner, tutor to Pr. Henry fon of Jam. I. and have been fince very much improved. Sir I'.iu! Pin- dar, \vho firft farmed them, paid rents to the K. i2,500/. to the Earl Muf- grave, 1640 /. and to Sir Will. Pen- niman, 6cc /. and had moreover 800 men, by fea and land, in conftant pay ; yet he was a confiderablegainer,becaufe there was then fcarce any other to be had, and the price was 26 /. a ton. Thefe allom-works were, fince that, carried on by the late D. of Bucking- ham and Normanby, or his agents ; but now there are divers other allom- works in this Co. which have taken a great part of the trade from hence 5 fo that the works here have for fome years lain neglected. Here is a Mt, on M. and Fairs Aug. \ 5 and Sep. 8. ' 123 cm. 153 mm. from Londoir, has a bridge over the r. Ankam, and a Mt. on Tb. GLASCOTE, (Wana.) on the S. fide of the r. Anker, oppofite to Tam- worth. The manor, in the R. of Hen. VIII. bel. to Edward Ld. Clin- ton, who fold it to James Levifon, merchant of the ftaple j by whofe daughter it went in marriage to Sir Walter Aflon, who fold jt to Will. Anfon of Lincoln's-Inn ; of whom it was purchafed by Will. Cumberland. GLASON,OrGl.ASTON-CASTJ.I, (I,anc.) in the manor of Aldingham in Loynfdale, to the S. E. of Dalton, is fituate in ;i fertile vale among rich meadows, and flickered from the raw fea breezes by fruitful hills, which render it one of the pleafanteft feats in the Co. 5* GtASTONBURY, (Sam.} 103 cm. laomm. from London, is in a manner encompaiTed withrs. and was of old called the ifle of Avalon. By the ruins, here appears to have been the moft magnificent abbey in the world ; and fuch was its anti- quity, that it has been called the Mother of All-Saints, &c. The Saxon Ks. as perh: p the Britiflj had done before them, loaded it with revenues ; and the abbot lived in almoft as muc h ftate as the royal donors, with an in- come of 40,000 /. a year ; and a vaft trait of rich land, which he could fee G L G L fee from the Tor, in his own poflef- fion, exclufive of 7 deer parks bel. to his abbey, which is walled round a m. in com. and was rated in the K's. book, at 700 /. a year more than the Abpk. of Canterbury, and 2000 /. a year more than the Bpk. of Durham. The abbot had the title of Ld. and fat among the Barons in Pt. There were 61 abbots who governed it fuc- cefiively, for near 600 years ; and had fuch power, by a grant from K. Ca- nute the Dane, that, without their leave, no pcrfon whatever, not even Bp. or Prince durft fet a foot in the ifle of Avalon. At the Did", there were loo monks in it ; and the abbot kept 300 domeftics (fome of them gentle- men's fons) who were lodged in the adjacent houfes. Rich. Whiting, who was the laft abbot, for refufing to furrender his abbey to K. Hen. VIII. &c. was condemned at Wells, and carried, with z of his monks, in a hurdle to the Tor, where he was hanged in his pontificalibus on St. Mi- chaels-Tower ; his head fet on the gate of his abbey, and his quarters difpofed of at Bath, Wells, Bridge- water, and Ilchefter. This Tor, fo called from the tower which ftands on it, is a hill fo high, that it is an excellent fea-mark j but its afcent is fo difficult, that probably the raifing of the ftones to the top of it coft more, than the building of the Ch. there. Though it is in ruins, yet there is ftill to be feen the figure of the archangel with the balance in his hands, having a bible in one fcale, and a devil in the other ; to which another devil hangs, but they are both too light for the bible. As to the hawthorn here, faid to have firft taken root from a ftaff ftuck in the ground by Jofeph of Arimathea, and to blofibm on Chrifttnas-day only of all the days in the year, it is very dubious, whether that Jofeph was ever in Bri- tain ; and though, it is certain, there was a hawthorn-tree in the abbey Ch.-yard, and that it was cut down in the time of the civil wars, yet it is falfe, that the branches of it, tha* were faved and planted in the neigh" bourhood, bud always or only upon. Chriftntas-day ; for they bloflbm fome- times 3 or 4 days after, and feldom fo foon as Chriftmas-day y unlefs the wea- ther be exceeding mild. Edgar and many other Saxon Kgs. were interred in its abbey-Ch. as was alfo, in Mr. Camden's opinion, K. Arthur. Every cottage here has part of a pillar, a door or a window of this fabric; of which there ftill remain the. ruins of the choir, the middle tower, and cha- pels ; and there is nothing left entire of the abbot's lodging, but the kit- chen, which was built by one of the abbots of ftone, without any com- buftible material, in defiance of one of our Kgs. who, having been af- fronted by the abbot, threatened to ' burn it about his ears, as a part of the convent which he knew the Epi- curean herd could lead fpare. The walls that remain of the abbey are overgrown with ivy, and the afpet of the whole is both melancholy and venerable. Here are 2 p. Chs. This T. while under the protection of its abbots, was a parliamentary Bor. but it loft that and its privilege of a corp. the later of which was, however, re- ftored by Q._Anne, who granted it a new charter for a mayor and bur- gefTes, by the intereft of its recorder Sir Peter King, ( afterwards Ld. Chan.) whofe father was born here. The only mf. here is ftockings, but the chief fupport of the place is the refort of people to fee the ruins of the abbey. The George inn here was formerly called the Abbot's inn ; be- caufe it was a receptacle for the ftrol- lers that came in pilgrimage to the abbey. The manor was given by K. Rich. III. to Brockenbury lieutenant of the Tower, for his concurrence in the murder of the 2 young princes his prifoners. In the R. of Edw. VI. a Church of foreign Proteftants was planted here, who being for moft part worfted.weavers, the then D. of Somerfet, to whom the abbey was T granted, G L G L granted, fettled them here by an in- denture, with a promife to lend them money to buy wool, &c. for their mf. and allowed them lodgings j but the popifli Q. Mary was no fooner on the throne, uian fhe ordered them to depart. The fite of the abbey and land has been fince transferred to the family of the D. of Devon. The Mt. here is on Tu. and the Fairs on Sept. 8 and 29, which are moftly frequented for horfes and fat cattle. The Ifle of Avalon gives title of Vifc. to the Earl of Peterborough. At a little diftance from the old Ch. and facing the monks Ch.-yard, are 2 remarkable pyramids, with infcrip- tions, that are in characters unintel- ligible, and an image in Bp's. veft- ments. GLEDTHORP-GRANGE, (Not/.) on the N. W. fide of Edwinftow, was a hamlet of Perlethorp, and bel. formerly to the abbey of Welbeck, fince to the D. of Newcaftle. sj: GLOCESTER, (Gloc.) 81 cm. 1 02 mm. from London, ftands on a pleafant hill, with houfes on every defcent, and is a clean well-built T. with the Severn on one fide, a branch of which brings up /hips to it. 'Tis beautified with a cathedral, befides 5 p. Chs. and is exceedingly well provided with hofs. particularly an infirmary, after the manner of thofe at London, Winchefter, Bath, &c. It was a Roman colony, and go- verned by a conful. Forging of iron feems to have been its mf. fo early as the time of William the Conq. K. Hen. VIII. made it the See of a Bp. (with a dean and 6 prebends) though Camden thinks it had that honour in the time of the Britons. Its caftle, which was erected in the time of William the Conq. is very much decayed ; part of it is leafed out by the crown, and the reft ferves for a prifon, one of the beft in Eng- land. In its cathedral, which is an ancient, but magnificent fabric, and has a tower, reckoned one of the ueatefl and moil curious pieces of architecture in England, are the tombs of Robert D. of Normandy, fon to William the Conq. and of Edw. II. and there is a whilpering place like to that of St. Paul's at Lon- don. In the chapter-houfe Strong- bow lies, who conquered Ireland. It has beautiful cloyfters, in the ftilc of thole of King's Coll. Cambridge, and there are 12 chapels in it, with the arms and monuments of many great perfons. Edward the Confefibr held a great affembly of his no- bles in that part of the mon. now called the Long-workhoufe. K. John made it a Bor. to be governed by two bailiffs. Henry III. who was crowned here, made it a corp. By its prefent charter from Cha. II. it is governed by a fteward, who is ge- nerally a nobleman, a mayor, re- corder, 12 aid. out of whom the mayor is chofe, a T.-clerk, 2 She- riffs, chofe yearly out of 26 C. C. a fvvord-bearer, and four ferjeants at mace. Here are twelve incorporated trading companies, whofe mafters at- tend the mayor on all publick occa- fions, with their Streamers, &c. but one of its chief mfs. is pins. Here is a fair ftone-bridge over the r. with a kay, wharf, and cuftom-houfe j but moft of its bufinefs is engrofled by Briftol. K. Edward I. held a Pt. here in 1272, wherein fome good laws were made, now called the Statutet of Glucefter ; he erected a gate on the S. fide of the abbey, ftill called by his name, tho' almoft demolished in the civil wars. K. Rich. II. alfo held a Pt. here j and K. Rich. III. in confideration of his having (before his acccffion to the crown) borne the title of D. of Glocefter, added the two adjacent Hs. of Dudfton and Kings-Barton to it, gave it his fword and cap of maintenance, and made it a Co. of itfelf, by the name of the Co. of the City of Glocefter. But after the Reftor. the Hs. weie taken away by aft of Pt. and t':e walls pulled down j becaufe the city fliut the gates againft Cha, I. when he G N TO G O he befieged it in 1643, by which, tho' the fiege was raifed by the Earl of Eflex, it had fuffered 20,000 /. damage. Before that time it had 1 1 p. Chs. but 6 of them were then demoli/hed. Here are abundance of crofles, and ftatues of our Kings, fome of whom kept their Chriftmas here, feveral Mt.-houies fupported with pillars, and large remains of mons. which were once fo numerous, that it gave occafion to the monkifh proverb, Ai fure as God is in Glo- cefter. Here is a barley Mt. and a hall for the affixes, called the Booth- Hall. Under the bridge is a water- engine to fupply the T. tho' it is ferved with it alJb from Robin Hood's Well, to which is a fine walk i m. or a from the city. Camden fays, that the famous Roman way, called Ermin- Street, which begins at St. David's in Pembrokeshire, and reaches to Southampton, pafi'es through this city. Sudmead in the neighbourhood is noted for horfe-races. The Mts. here are on W. and 5. and Fairs Lady-day , Midfummer-day, Sep. 17, and Nov. 17, the latter chiefly for fat hogs. This is one of thofe 24 cities to which Sir Tho. White gave 2000 /. for one of them to re- ceive 100 /. once in 24 years, to be lent to 4 citizens for 10 years, with- out mtereft. Here is a ch. fc. for above 80 children, of whom above 70 are alfo cloathed. The vale to which it gives name has fo rich a foil, that it yields variety of plants and fruits, and all forts of grain, and in fome places a hundredfold. It muft not be omitted, that this city has for many years given the title of Duke, as it did fome centuries ago that of Earl ; but the laft D. before his R. H. Frederick Prince of Wales, was William, the only fon of Prin- cefs ( afterwards Q.J Anne, by Geo. Prince of Denmark, who died in 1700. The citizens have erefted the itatues of Q. Anne and K. Geo. I. in one of thehigh-ftreets, both bigger than the life. GNOSTALL, (Staff. 1 ) ftands upon Rowley-water, bet. Knightley and Willbrighton. It had formerly a col- legiate Ch. with 4 canons, whofo lands were leafed after the DhT. to Sir Geo. Blount, who gave the fama to Draper, &c. and the reverfion was given by the K. to the Bp. of Litchfield and Coventry, and fettled on that See. The manor-houfe here, called Burgh-Hall, from Adam de Burgh, to whom it once bel. de- fcended from him to Knightley of Knightley, one of whofe family de- mifed it to Rob. Harcoate. Dr. Plot fays, the minister and Ch. -wardens here annually chufe a jury of twelve men or more, who not only join with them and the fide-men, in making the prefentation to the of- ficial, (it being a peculiar) but are impannelled, and bring in their ver- dict in all ecclefiaftical caufes that happen among them for the year en- fumg. {t^p GODALMING, (Surry) on the r. Wey, 28 cm. 34 mm. from London. 'Tis faid to have been be- fore the Conqueft the See of a Bp. with a dean and canons, whois houfes were in a Street here, called Church- Street, and that the Bpk. was taken from it in the R. of Hen. II. and the eftates thereof con- ferred on the deanery of Sarum. 'Tis a corporation, by whofe charter, granted, as fome fay, by K. Edw. III. or as others by Q._Eliz. their chief magistrate is a warden, chofe yearly, who has 8 brethren his aSTiStants. The p. is divided into 9 tithings. Its r. abounds with good fiSh, efpe- cially pike, and drives a grift-mill, two paper-mills, and three corn-mills. Here is a mf. of mix'd kerfeys, and blue ones for the Canarys, that for colour are not to be matched. The beft whited-brown paper is faid to come from hence, and that the mf. was firft fet up here in the R. of James I. Here is alfo a mf. of ftock- ings ; and the place is alfo famous for liquorice, good carrots, and ftore T z f G O G O cf peat, that burns as well or better than pit- coal ; but a woman of this T. (Mary Tofts) lately endeavoured to render it infamous, by a pretended delivery of rabbets, a vile impofture, by which, however, (he for feme time puzzled feme noted phyficians, anatomifts, &c. Here is a Mt. on /^. and Fairs Feb. 2, and June 29, both chiefly for horned cattle. Here is a ch. fc. and on the common an hof. built and endowed about 150 years ago, for 10 old men, by Rich. Wyat, ofShackleford, Efqj. In 1739 the fmall-pox carried oft" above 500 perfons here in 3 months, which was more than a third of the inh. GODMANCHESTER, (Hunt.} has a bridge on the Oufe, oppofite to Huntingdon, was formerly a Roman city, by the name of Durofiponte,where many Roman coins have been often dug up ; and, 'tis faid by oid writers, that in the time cf the Saxons it was the See of a Bp. and had a caftJe built by one Gorman, a Danifh K. from which the T. was called Gor- manchefter. It is reckoned the biggeft village in England, and ii feated in a fertile foil, abounding with corn. 'Tis faid no T. in England keeps more ploughs at work than this does, or hath done ; and Mr. Camden fays, no people in the nation had advanced hufbandry more, either by purfe or genius. The inh. boaft they formerly received our Ks. as they made a pro- grefs this way, with 9 fcore ploughs at a time, finely adorned with their trappings, &c. and when James I. paffed through from Scotland, they met him with 70 teams of horfe, all traced to new ploughs, and told him, they held their lands of the Ks. cf England by that tenure. His Majefty faid, " he was glad he had fo many " good hufbandmen for his tenants " in one town," and made it a corp. by the name of 2 bailiff's, 12 af- fiants, and the commonalty of the Bor. of Godmanchefter. Here is a fc. called the Free Grammar-School of Q, Elizabeth. The family of the Gold/boroughs had a feat here not very many years agu. On the W. fide of the T. is a noble, though ancient feat of the Earl of Sandwich. Near this place, in the London read bet. Huntingdon and Caxton, is a tree well known to travellers by the name of Beggars-Bufh , of which Dr. Fuller tells this ftory : " That " K. James I. travelling this way " with Sir Francis Bacon his Ld. " Chan, and hearing that he had re- " warded a man very lavifhly for a " mean prefent, faid to him, You " ivill fan come to Beggan-BuJb ; " and fo may I too, if ive are both " fo fatHtifa" And 'tis now a common faying in this Co. when they fee a prodigal, That he ii in tbt way to Beggar s-Bufh, GODMANHAM, (fork. E. R.) bet. Beverley and Pocklington, fo called from an idol temple here in the Saxon times. GODMERSHAM, (Kent) on the r. that runs from Wye to Canterbury, had, 'tis faid, formerly the grant of a Mt. on 7. and a Fair on Tb. and F, in Eaflcr-iveek, GODNESTON, (Kent) a manor of Sittingbourn, which bel. for many generations to the Nottinghams, till it was fold to Richard Lovelace, of Queenhithe, London, in the R. of Henry VI. whole descendant, John Lovelace, fold it in the R. of Q^ Eliz. to Mr. Ralph Finch, of \vhofe pofterity it was purchafed by Alder- man Garret. "Tis now the feat of Sir Brook Bridges, Bt. GODOLPHIN, (Corntu.) 4 m. from Market-Jew, is a place on a hill, famous for tin-mines, but chiefly for that noble family who, even in the Conqueror's time, were its Lds. and took their names from it, as it has lately given the titles of Baron and of Earl, ever fince Sidney Godolphin was created Baron Godolphin by K. Cha. II. and Earl of Gcdolphin by Q^Anne. GODSHILL, (Hamp.) intheNew- Foreft, near Fordingbridge, had once a G O G O a. camp on it, fince overgrown with oaks. GODSHILL, (IJle of Wight") in the E. Medina, near the rife of Cowes r. had a chantry formerly, and a ch. fc. erected near 150 years ago by John Worfiey, Efq; GODSTONE, (Surry) on the E. fide of Blechingley, lies part in the great road to Suflex, and part, with the Ch. on an eminence about half a m. higher. It has its name from the excellent ftone-quarries here. The manor belonged in the R, of Henry VII. to Roger de St. John, and continued in the family till 1350, when it was conveyed to Sir Nich. Lovaine. It has been for feme time in the name and family of Eve- lyn, the firft of whom that purchafed it, father to Sir John Evelyn, was in his time the only maker of gun- powder in England ; and when Sir John came to it himfelf, he built a houfe upon it, which coft him 9000 /. GODSTOW, (Oxf.) ftands on the "N. W. fide of Oxford, in a fort of ifland formed by the divided ftreams of the Ifis, after being joined by the Evenlode, and is a famous place for catching of nih and dreffing them. Here are the ruins of that nunnery which fair Rofamond quitted for the embraces of Henry II. Her piclure is to be feen againft the wall, and the people fliew a great hole in the earth here, where, they fay, is a fubterraneous paflage, which goes under the river to Woodftock, by which fhe ufed to pafs and repafs. She was buried in the choir of the Ch. here. GOG M AG OG-HitLS, (Camb.) near Balfham and Newmarket, has a feat of Earl Godolphin, whither he often comes, efpecially in the hunt- ing leafon, from whence there is a profpeft of a rich pleafant vale to the W. and of Cambridge itfelf, at a greater diftance. On the top of thefe hills there feems to have been aaciently feme carap OK fortification, in the area of which, K. James IT. had a fpacious ftable built for his running-horfes. GOLDCLIFF, (Montn.) on the S. fide of the Co. where the land rifes, bet. the moor and the Severn fea, oppofite to Somerfetrtiire, is fo called, becaufe the ftones here, when the fun fliines, look of a bright gold co- lour. Here are feme remains of an old priory, founded by one of the fa- mily of Chandos. GOLDEN-VALE, (Here/,) extends W. of Hereford, along the banks of the Dove, or Doier, with hills all about it covered with woods, and has its name from its fertility, and the yellow livery of flowers which it wears in the fpring. The wool here, as well as about Leominfter and Wig- more, is reckoned as fine as any in England. GONALSTON, (Nott.) on the S. E. fide of Shcrwood-Foreft, was a manor held anciently by the Peve- rells, and pafled through feveral fa- milies to the Pierpoints, of whom Sir Henry fold it to Mr. Monox, an aid. of London, whofe pofterity did feme time ago, if they do not /till, enjoy it. Here was an ancient cha- pel, chantry, or hof. which, thro' many patents of concealment, has been continued fince the Did", by the name of Gonalfton-Spittle. Here is a fmall ch. fc. GOODLEIGH, (Devon,} on a brook not far from Sherwell, is a p. abound- ing with corn and grafs, and the prime place in this Co. for black cherries. It was anciently the manor of the Giftards, the Brewers, then of John de Stanton, from whofe heirs it de- fcended to Dennis and Crewkern, and is now, or was lately, the eftate of the Carys. The Acklands have had lands here for a long time* GOODRICH, (Here/.) ftands on the Wye, 3 m. from Rofs and Mon- mouth. Its caftle was once the chief feat of the ancient and noble family cf the Talbots, and 1 afterwards of the Grays Ds, of Kent. The manor, T 3 with. G O G O with the lands, tenements, quit- rents, &c, and a fine falmon-fifliery on the fame ftream, and very con- fiderable iron-works, are together of the yearly value of 500 /. GOODWIN-SANDS, (Kent") near the Ille of Thanet, were lands that bel. formerly to Godwin Earl of Kent, father of K. Harold, and be- ing low ground, were defended from the fea by a great wall, which wanted conftant care to uphold. This trat was afterwards given to St. Auftin's mon. near Canterbury, \vhofe abbot negleiling the wall, while he was eager in building Ten- terden fteeple, the fea broke in and drowned the faid lands, leaving the fands upon it, which have proved fo dangerous to failors. They lie bet. the N. and S. Forelands, and run parallel with the fhore for 3 leagues together, at about a league or a league and a half diftance from it, and are dry at low-water. They break ail the force of the fea on the E. S. and S. W. and thereby make the Downs a tolerable road ; yet when the wind blows very hard at S. E. I. by N. or E. N. E. ihips are driven from their anchors, and are often forced on thefe fands, or elfe into Sandwich-Bay or Ramfgate-Pier. COPS HALL- GRANGE, (Leic.) on the N. W. fide of Bofwcrth, was in the poffefiion of the anceftors of Sir John Lar.gham, from the time of Rich. II. toQ^Eliz. GORAMBURY, (Hartf.) near St. Albans, bel. to its abbey in 1161, when its abbot was Robert de Gor- ham, from whom it probably had the name. After the DiiT. K. Hen. VIII. granted the manor to Sir Ralph Row- let, who fold it to Sir Nich. Bacon, whofe fon, the Ld. Verulam, con- veyed it to his fecretary, Sir Thomas Meautyf, whofe widow marrying Sir Harbotde Grimfton, Bt. he had it by her for her life, and bought the reversion of the heir, Mr. Hercules Meautys ; fo that it is defcended in Sir Harbottle's family, to the prefent Ld, Vifc. Grimfton, Here is a fta- tue of K. Hen. VIII. and in St. Mi- chael's Ch. is the monument erected by Sir Tho. Meautys, in memory of his great matter and patron. GORING, (Ox/".) on the Thames, bet. Reading and Wallingford, where the Roman highway, called Ikenild- Street, goes out of this Co. into Berks, had formerly a nunnery. GORLSTON, (Stiff.) by the fea- fide, near Yarmouth, where, in Cam- den's time, was a fteeple, or tower, which was a fea-mark. He fuppofed it to have been part of fome dillblved mon. but this does not appear fiom the authors who have treated pro- fefiedly of the religious houfes. fc^* GOSPORT, (Hamf.) in the p. of Alverftock, has a ferry over the mouth of the harbour to Portf- mouth, and is moftly inhabited by the failors and their wives, and the warrant officers. 'Tis a large T. and of great trade, efpecially in time of war. Travellers chufe to lodge here, where every thing is cheaper and mere commodious for them than at Portfmouth. The mouth of the harbour, which is not fo broad here as the Thames at Weftminfter, is fecured on this fide by 4 forts, and a platform of above 20 cannon, level with the water. Here is a noble hof. building for the cure of the fick and wounded failors in the fervice of the navy j befides a fr. fc. and the Mt. is on 5. GOTHAM, (Nott.) in the S. W. angle of the Co. noted for nothing fo much as the ridiculous fable of the "wife men here, who, 'tis faid, went about to hedge in a cuckoiv. Whnt original it had does not appear, tho' at Court-Hill in this p. there is a bufli called Cuckow-Buih. The ma. nor bel. anciently to the Beaumcnts Earls of Leicefter, who had a cafHe here. The family of Dives were Lds. of this T. in the R. of Henry II. and held it to the time of Edw. III. It went thence by marriage to the fa- mily of St. Andrew, who were Lds. of it till the R. of K. Cha. 1. when for want of iffue-male it went by mar- G O TO G R marriage to Gefvafe Piggot, Efq; of Thrumpton, from whom it has de- fended to his pofterity. ^> COUDHURST, (Kent] 40 cm. 48 mm. from London, is near Cran- brook in the road from Tunbridge. It was the ancient patrimony of the Bedgburies, one of whom procured the Mt. here on W. but pafled by marriage to Thomas Colepeper, in whofe family it continued till very lately. Its Ch. was fo impaired by a ftorm of thunder and lightning, Aug. 23, 1637, that its tall fteeple was forced to be pulled down, and though a brief was granted for the repair of both, the fleeple was be- gun, but not finished, and only a fmall wooden top was fet on the ftone-work, and one great bell put in it. Here is a Fair Aug. 15. GRACE-DIEU, (Lac.) bet. A/hby de la Zouch and Loughborough, had formerly a nunnery, which at the DifT. was granted by Hen. VIII. to Sir Hum. Fofter ; but was afterwards alienated to John Beaumont, Efq; to a younger branch of whofe family it does, or did lately, belong. GRAFTON, (Wore.) half a m. from Bromfgrove, bel. anciently to the Talbots Earls of Shrewfbury, and is a manor free from tithes and p. taxes. GR AFTON-REGIS, (Nortbamp.) on the r. Tove, that runs from Tow - cefter to the Oufe, is near 8 m. from Northampton. It was held in capite of K. Edw. III. by John Seymour, by the fervice of keeping one of the K's. white brackets, (or beagles) having red ears. It afterward be- came the feat of the Wydvils, of whom was Richard Earl Rivers, in the R. of Edw. IV. The manor- houfe, and Whittlewood-Chace ad- ioining, bel. in the laft century to Sir Will. Hatton. This village was by ftatute made a member of the honour of Ampthill, and has given the title of Duke to the Fitzroys, ever fince K. Charles II. fo created Hen. Fitzroy, his natural fon by the Duchefs of Cleveland ; and is the feat of the prefent Duke. GRAFTON-ARDKNS, ( Warn and other rooms, adorned with the fined f tapiltry and paintings, feme of them capital pictures, placed there fcy Mr. Furnefe. GUNTHORP, {Nott.} near the Trent, in the p. of Ludham, had a -hapel of its own, -which K. John granted, with Ludham Ch. to the Abp. of Roan. GUY'S-CLIFF, (Wamv.) a. great cliff on the W. fide of the Ayon, and the N. fide of Wanvkk, uhere, in the Britons time, \vas aa oratory, and in that of the Saxons, an her- mitage, where Guy Earl of Warwick, who is laid to have retired to it after ii;s fatigues by the toils and pleafures of the world, built a chapel, and /.u-d with the hermit, and . om thence it had the name. r \ i;is hermitage was kept up to the K.. of Henry VI. when Rich. Beau- champ Earl of Warwick eitablifhed a chantry here, and in memory of th- famous Guy, erected n large ftj- tue of him in the chapel here, 3 feet in height, and raifed a roof over the adjacent fprings. The chapel is in the p. of St. Nicholas, in the fub- inbs of Warwick, and was granted fcy Q._E!i2. to John Coleburne, who ibid it to Will. Hudfon of Warwick, from whofe family it v.'ent, by mar- riagc of his daughter, to Sir Thomas licaufo of Emfcote, in whofe family it was about 100 years ago. G WORK ALL, UPPER and Low. {$:ff.} in the p. of Sedgley, where ftrir.dftones ?.re dug for thick-edged tools, of which feme have proved as good as the Derby ftones. H A HACCOMB, CrHtJCKJTAM, (Devon.) near Chudleig.h and the coaft, not far from Tingmouth, came from a family of the fame name to that of Archdeacon, then to Hugh Courtney, and from thence by mar- riage to the Carews. HACH-BEAUCHAMP, (Som.} the next p. to Curry-Mallet, the manor and feat of a branch of the great fa- mily of the Beauchamps, fo long ago as the R. of Hen. II. one of whom obtained a grant from K. Edw. I. of a Mt. here on Tb. which hath been long difufed, and a Fair at Mid- futnmir. It has had the honour of giving the titles both of Vifc. and Baron to the D. of Somerfet, ever fince Ken. VIII. en his marrying the Lady Jane Seymour, fo created her brother Edward. HA'CJCNES, (York. E.R.) neajr Whitby, wa; formerly a cell to its abbey, and is cow the feat of Sir Ph. Sydenharjj, Bt. HACKNEY, (MM.} ontheN.E. fide of London, bel, of old to its Bp. till Bp. Ridley granted it to K. Edward VI. his heirs and fucceflbrs, for ever ; but he fcon gave it toTho. Ld. Wentworth, in whofe family it remained, till they alienated it ; and it \vas not long ago in the hands of Tho. Cook, Efqj. An old MS. fays, it was given by K. Edward and his council to Sir Will. Herbert ; and there it is called part of the K's. purchafed lands. London-Field in thl. p. which was parcel of a mon. without Bilhcpfgate, was given by Hen. VIII. at* the Diff. to Sir Tho. Dnrcy, in exchange for other lands. Here are no Jefs than iz hamlets in this p. and near ice coaches are kept in it. At the bottom of Hackney- Matih, through which the r. Lea runs, bet. Old-Ford and the Wyck, there have been difcovered within thefe few years the remains of a great ficr.e caufey, which, by the Reman coinr, GV. fcur.d there, was no doubt cne cf the firnciis highways made by the Romans. Tho Ch. here is of a very ancient foundation, fo eld as Edw. II. and the number cf houfe* near 700. That part next London is called Mare-Street ; the mid die, Church-Street 5 and the N. part Claptcn ; Dcrlcficn and Shaklcwell are on th W. and Hummertcn, wbkh HA HA whkh leads to the Marih, on the E. one of whom, -vix Arthur, was, in Here are 3 mseting-houfes, and fix 1641, created by Cha. I. Baron Ca- boarding-fcs. befides the fr. fc. in the pel of Hadham, and in the Ch. here Ch.-yard, a ch. fc. and 17 almlhs. lie his defcenda; n, the Earls of E!- HADUEN-HALL, (Derby.} in the (ex. In the R. of Q._Eliz. this rra- High-Peak, near Bakewel, was the nor was t-xchavig-.jd with the crown, ancient feat of the Vernons, one of after which K. James I. granted i: to whom, ia the R. of Q_._Ei:z. vix. Ld. Cecil, from whom it is celcended Sir Ge.i. Vcrnon, was lo noted for to the prefent Earl of Salisbury. At his hofpitality, that he was called a brick-kiln near Hadham-Ford, the King of the Peak. It went from which goes over to Hadham-Hall, him by marriage of his daughter to are dug up with their clay, oyfter- thc tuft F.ail of Rutland's fon, in (hells, and bones which are' fuppofed wli'ifc pofcerity, lince Ds. of Rut- to be the teeth of large fi/h. lind, we hear it ftill continues, but KAPLEY, (Midd.) near Barnet, tint their noble paiace here is un- where was once an hermitage, was inhabited. called Monktcn-Hr.dley, becaufe it HAD HAM, Ma^na and Pari>a, was anciently given by the Earl of (ILirtf.} are z villages on the VV. Eflex to his' abbey at Walden. K. and S. W. of Bifhops-Stortford. Hen. VIII. gave this manor at the Hadham.AfJg-tf, or Much-Hadham, Did", to Tho. Ld. Audley ; Q^Mary which ftands in a vale on the r. Afh, to Sir Tho. Pope, and (VEUzahetU was once a feat of the Bps, of London, to William Kympton aldermaa of an>i is ftill their manor, which they London. have lately let out upon lives. One 3* HADLEY, (S;ff.) 53 cm. of the late pofleiVors was Thomas 64 mm. from London, was formerly Pafk, Efq;. and fince Felix Calverr, a corp. with a mayor, aid. C. C. Efq;. There is a cuftom here, that &?c. but a quo warranto being iffucd the widow of every copyholder who againft its charter in the R. of Ja. II. (hall die inteftate , and feifed of a it has not been renewed fince. It is copyhold eftate in fee, fhall have her a pretty large populous T. and toler- free-bench in all the copyhold lands ably well-built, but being in a bot- whereof he died feifed in this ma- torn, 'tis generally dirty. It deals nor, and after her the youngeft fon. much in corn, and its Mts. which The fines on admirlion to this manor are M. and S. are well ftored with are one year's quit-rent. Here is a provifions. 'Tis of fome note ftill, ih. fc. Hadham.-Prfri.vr, which is on though formerly of much greater, for the N. fide of Much-Hadham, ftands the woollen mf. In the middle of it on the fame ftream, which comes a ftands the Ch. which is a handfome m. off from Albury and Pelham in frrudure, with a fpire, and is a pe- the whiter, and after rains. That culiar of Canterbury. Its Fair is part of it where the r. rifes in the Sept. 29. i'ummer, is called Hadham on Afh. HADLOW, (Kent) bet. Ewherft The manor-houie here, called Had- and Mereworth, near the Medway, hum-Hall, with the lands bel. to it, before it receives the Twift, has a ftce held of the Bps. of Lon- Fair on Wbitfrn-M. Its rec~lory is ^ It ftiil pays caftle-guard to a manor which bel. formerly to the Stortford. The mod ancient lay. Kts. Hofpitallers, till it was united owner to be found is Sir Will. Baud, to the crown by the DilT. after which in the R. of Hen. III. In 1505 the K. Edw. VI. gave it to Ralph Vane, manor was conveyed to Ld. Darcy from whom it came at length to the and his heirs ; and Ld. Darcy pafled Twifdeos. it to Sir WiU. Capel and bis heirs, H A 11 A i i Berry -Nertert, bcl. for ie- vcral defcents'to the Coffins. HAIGH, (Lane.') a fine noble feat of the Bradfhaighs,-ty Wigan, in one f the beft fituations in the N. of England, where, from the top of a mount in the park, are feen 13 Cos. and the Ifle of Man. In this Lp. are the fineft works of canncl-coals in England, which are an inexhauftible treafure to the family, and ha'ye a vi- triol fpring in them. HAIREHOLM, or HAIRVM, (D:<.rLi>) in the p. of Branfpeth, is the place to which feme of the mur- derers of Tho. Becket are faid to have fled after the raft, and to have built a chapel here to his memory. In the R. of K. Cha. I. it was the feat of the Coles. viz. Stallenaen,Ramfc!en, ?<;. whicK. at the court elect Co many beacks to gathrr the quit-rents. HALDON-HI LI., (Dc-vctJ,} near the Ken, and not far from Exmifter j which, when covered with a cloud, the people fay, " When Haldon ha"h " a hat, let Kemon beware of a " fquatt." HALIS, (G.'sc.} near Winchcomb and Teddin^ton, had once a famous abbey j of which there are few cr no remains now, but a nest cloifter. 'Twas founded, in the R. of Hen. III. by his brother, Richard E. of Corn- vail, K, of the Romans, who lies buried herewith his Lady. He fettled the manor en the faid abbey, in which it continued till theDifi'. when it was granted, with the fcite cf the m<>n. to Sir Tho. Seymour ; and after his at- tainder to William Mnrq. of North- ampton $ from whom it patted to Will. Hobby, Ef'q; and a!"ter\vr.ids to the Tracys, who have ever fmce been Lds. cf it. They have a large houf here, fuppofed to have been the ha- bitation of the abbot, from th reli- gious inscriptions r^nd figures in many of the rooms. The Ch. is a chace'i of eafe to Didbrook. HAL*, (N-rf.) on the N. E. fid of LoJdon, to whofe Ch. th'u is a chapel of eafe, was the tr.anor of Sir James Hobart (Att.-Gcn. to Hen. VII.) ; the eldeft branch of whofe fa- rnily lived here, for divers fuccefacns, tiil ir was fold to the Humberftones 5 who foon after palled it to the reiift of Sir Tho. Williamfon, Bt. of Eaft- Markham, who gave part of. it to John Holkins, Efq; who redded en it, and part to Fr. Gardner, aid. of Norwich, HALESOWEN, (Salop) feat of Ld. Dudley, on the E. fide of Sturbridse, had formerly an abbey, on which K. John fettled the manor. Here is a Cattle-Fair on Eajier -Monday. ?> HALESWORTH, (Suf.} 83 vejl, at whole court- leet all its free- hplders and copy-holders are to ap- pci.!, twice a year, to do fuit and fer- vice. Here \vr.c formerly the feat of the Leeks, till one of them fold it, about 1673, to Rich. Lloyd, Efq; then flier iff cf the Co. HALEZRTON, (Devon.] near Ti- vcrfcn, the eftate of the Paw'ets. : cat tythes here are held under . and .C. ct Brutal, fcr 99 years, ,inable en 3 hvcs, changeable ;.: ....fure, and .Lett on leafe at 197 /. a year. KAI.D.EN-HIGH, (Ken:} a manor of R-o!venden, to the N.E. of Ten- tcrdc-n, fo callej from the Haldcns, who purchafed it, in the R. of Hen. HI. and from whom it pgffed by the jr.:.; ri age of a daughter, in the next R. to the Guldefords, as it did by the Jike means to the D. of Northumber- land 5 who forfeiting it in the R. of QjJWarv, by his rebellion, fhe gave it to Sir John Ezker and his heirs ; tut the demefne was given to Sir Ken. Sidney, whofe prandfon, Ro- bert E. of Leicefler, ibid it to Sir Tho. Smith of London. There are, cm. 97 mm. from London, is an an- in this and the neighbouring ps. 9 or cient T. en the r. B'yth, that bel. fwmerly to the. Arjcmons, who pro- urc* . jo Dens, that hold of tiiisjnancr, H A H A aured its Mt. on T. and Fair on fent out 12,000 men to join her force* Otl. I-, i?, and 19, and from them againftthe rebels; and fo induftiv.us it pafled to the Alhngtons, who fold were they, that, notwithftanding the it long fince. The T . is populous, barren foil of the adjacent country, and the Mt. noted for plenty of linnen they had then enriched themfelves by yarn bought up here, which is fpun the mf. of cloth. Since that, fo great by the women of this country. Here has been the demand of kerfeys for is arh. fc. and a very neat Church. clcathing the troops abroad, that it is HAIFORD, (Wariv.') is fo called thereby increafed a fourth, within by corruption, from its old Ford over thefe 60 years, efpechlly as they have the Stour, not far from Edgehill, lately entered into the mf. cf fha- though it is alfo c: lied and written loons; fo that it has been calculated, Hawford. Some lands here bel. for- that 100,000 pieces are made in a merly to the canons of Kenilworth, year in this p. alone, at the fame time which after the DiiT. were fold by K. that almoft as many kerfeys are ma da Hen. VIII. to John Pope,and his heirs ; here as ever. And it has been af- but they were fold by him, the fame firmed, that one dealer here hsa year, ;o Robert de Hnlford. traded, by commiflion, for 60,000 /. HAL CAVER-MOOR, (Corn.) near a year, to Holland and Hamburgh, in Bodmin, is noted for a yearly carni- the fingle article of kerfies. Here is val kept on it, about the middle of a good hof. endowed in 1642, bytkc July, wJiich is refcrted to by thou- then Ld. of the manor, Mr. Nath. lands of people. K. Cha. II. was fo Waterhcufe, for 12 poor old people, well pic .ifed with the fports and pal- with a workhoufe for 20 children, a'nd times of it, when he touched here in a fr. fc. called Q^Eliz's. The Hali- his way to Scilly, that he became a fax law, fo much talked cf formeily, brother or" the jovial fociety, which is was made, in the R. of Hen. VII. to faid to be as old as the Saxons. One put an end to that then common of the diverfions here is, to draw the prafticeof ftealing cloths in the night- unwary into its quagmire ; and cer- time from the tenters. By this bye- tain criminals are tried here, before law, the magiftrates of Halifax were one wh^m they ftile the mayor of Hal- impowered to pafs and execute fen- gaiter, for fome trivial offence, or tence of death on all criminals, if other, and punifhed by fome notable they were either taken in the faft of but harmlefsdifgrace, luch as wearing ftealing, or if the cloth ftolen was tne fpur, &c. From hence flovens found upon them, or if they owned are commonly threatned to be pre- the faft : The value of the thing fcr.t J in Halgaver-Court. ftolen, however, was to be above 13^. gy> HALIFAX, ( Tor);. W. R. ) halfpenny. If the fact was commit- 174 cm. 199 mm. from London, ted out of the vicarage, but within ftands near the Calder, on the gentle the liberties of the forefr of Hardvvic, afcent of a hill ; and is a p. the moft the offender was firft carried before populous, if not the largeir, in Eng- the bailiff of Halifax, who prefer.tty land, being 12 m. in diameter, and fummoned the frith-burghers of the above 30 in circumference, and hav- feveral Ts. in the fcrett, by whom ing iz chapels of cafe to its Ch. 2 he was either acquitted, or condemn- whereof are parochial ; befides 16 meeting-houfes, which all, except the quakers. are called chapels, and moft of them have bells and burial grounds. Though there were not above 30 houfes in it, anno 1443, it was fo po- ed. If the latter, he was carried within a week to the fcaftold, and there beheaded in a very remarkable manner, -viz. by an ax drawn up by a pulley to the top of a wooden engine, nd faftened there by a pin, which, pulous in Q^Eiu's. time, that they when taken out, the ax fell down in II A H A an inftant, and did its work. This may partly fcrve to explain the com- mon litany of the beggars and vagrants of thefe parts, wx* " From Hell, Hull, and Halifax. Good Lord dc- " ti-vi-r us." The engine, which was ufed till 1620, was then removed j but the bafis it Hood en ftill remains. This T. formerly gave title of Marq. to the family of Savile, as it does now thofe of E. and Baron to the prefent noble Gep. Montague, fon to the late auditor of the exchequer. The Mt. here is on Tb. Fair June 24.. 'Tis faid, the vicar of this p. is always juftice of the peace, as vicar. No Mt. is fo much thronged as this, in all the N. part of England, except Leeds and Walcefield. As to the aforefaid engine, it is fit to be obferved, that the E. of Morton, regent of Scotland, feeing one of thefe executions, as he parted through Halifax, took a model of it, and carried it into his own coun- try ; where, after many years, during which it was called the Maiden, his Lp's. head was the firft that was cut off with it ; and though it has cut off many a head fince, it ftill retains the name. H A L L,(Corn.) over-againft Fowey, on the other fide of the harbour, has very pleafant walks on the Jide of a hill, and was anciently the feat of the Fitzwilliams ; from whom it dei- cended by the heirefs to the Mohuns ; but was afterwards fold to the Keck- wichs, and it is now Mr. Pitt's. HALL, (Devon.) near Bps. -Taw- ton, did formerly bel. to a family of the fame name } but now to the Chi- chefters. y^> HALLATON, (Leic.) 68cm. So mm. from London, has a Mt. on Tib. Fairs on Afcevfion-day, Corfus- Chrijli-day, and Off. 28 ; and has a ch. fc. This place is noted for its po- verty in the midft of a rich foil. HALL-DOWN, (Devon.)^.m, from Exeter, the feat of the Lady Chud- leigh j it was built by the late Sir George, and is reckoned by fome the beft modern houfe in the Co, 'Tis 3 of brick, after the model of Buck- ingham-Houfe in St. James's -Park. HAL LIN G, (Kent) near the Med- way, over-againft Woldham, had a feat, built by Heath, Bp. of Roclief- ter, in the R. of Edw. II. for himielf, and his fucceflors in that fee. H A L L i s T o N E, (Nirtbutnb.') near Harbottle, had a nunnery. Paulinus is bid to have baptized many thou- fands here, in the infancy of the Eng- lift Ch. HALL-PLACE, (Sun-y) a tything in Gcdalming p. where was the feat of the Wyatf, an ancient family ; but fome reckon it in the p, of Piit- tenham, or Pepper-Harrow. HALL-PL ACE, (S:. -riy] nearThorp and Chertfey, bel. formeily to Chert - fey-Abbey 5 but was lately in the hands of Sir John Leigh of Wick- ham in Kent. HALLWESTON, (Hunt.} near St. Neots, where are two remarkable fprings, not far from one another ; the one fre/h, and reckoned good for the eyes; the other brackifh, and very fovereign in ail leprous dilbrders. HALS ALL, (Lane.) on the W. fide of Orme/kirk, is fuppofed to have given name to the anceftors of Edw. Halfall, Efq; who founded a fr. fc. here. The rcdtory here is reckoned 400 /. a year. Here was formerly the feat of Ld. Gerrard. At this place is a 'bituminous turf, which emits a fmell like the oil of amber j and from which an oil may be pre- pared, not eafily diftinguifhable fn.'m it. The country people ufe pieces of it, inftead of candles. (f^> HALSTED, ( FJfcx) 39 cm. 45 mm. from London, was anciently a manor of the Bourchiers ; of whom Robert, who was chancellor of Eng- land in the R. of Edw. III. obtained his charter for a court -leet here, a Mt. on 7u. (fince altered to F. and noted for corn) and a Fair . the eve and day of St. Luke, He ailo founded a collegiate Ch. here for 8 prieits, and lies interred, with feveral of his pofterity, jn a diapelon the S. fide of the H A H A the p. Ch. The T. ftands on a hill, built by the Ks. of Northumberland, with a pleafant r. at the foot of it. who made this their place of retreat HALTON, (Sent.) on the W. fide from the Danes fury, of Sedgemoor, bel. heretofore to the HA LT ON, (Nonbumb.) within the Lds. Hungerford ; one of whom for- Pitts-Wall below Portgate, where the feiting it, with his ether eftates, to manor-houfe, called Knlton-Hall, is the crown, by his endeavouring to the feat of the ancient family of the reftore Hen. VI. to the throne, his Carnabys. daughter, Lady Mary, in the R. of {^ HALTWESEL, (Northumb.) Henry VII. procured the reverfal of 21 ^ cm. 257 mm. from London, is a her father's attainder, anothc reftitu- ccnfiderable T. with good accommo- tion of his lands and honours, and dation for travellers, in the road from nrried this manor, with others, by Cnilifle and Hexham to Newcaftle, marriage to Edward Ld. Haftings. having the Scuth-Tyne on the S. fide, (3= HALTON, or HAUL TON,/, e. and the military way, which runs pa- HiGH-To\vN, (Cbcfa.) zm. N. of rallel to the Picls-Wall, at a little Frodfliam, (lands loftily on a hill, where diftance on the N. fide, a taftle was built, anno ioyi,by Hugh HAM, (Kent) en the S. W. fide of Lupus E. of Chefter, who gave it, Sandwich. A part of it, which Is!, with the barony, to Nigel a Nor- heretofore to the men. of Chrift-Ch. man; from whofe pofterity it came Canterbury, was given by Hen. Vlil. to the crown, and remains a member to Sir Tho. Moyl, who fold it to Sir of the duchy of Lancafter j which Rob. Oxenbridge ; whofe pofterity maintains a large jurifdi&ion in the alienated it to the Bois's of Betihan- country round it, by the name of Hal- ger, whofe fucceflbrs were alfo pro- ton-Fee, or the honor of Halton, prietors of the other moiety, which having a court of record, prifon, &c. was anciently the feat of the Criols ; within themfelves. About Michael- from whom it went by marriage to was every year, the K's. officers of Fog; whofe daughter carried it to the duchy keep a law-day at the Scot, and he fold it to Mr. Bois. caflle, which ftill remains a ftately HA M, (Kent ) on the N. E. fide of building ; and once afor.tnight a court Appledore, was anciently the eftate of is kept here, to determine all matters the Orlanftons, for feveral defcents ; within their jurifdittion ; but felons but at length came by an heirefs to and thieves are carried to the feffions the Scots. at Chefter, to receive their fentence. HAM-HOUSE, (Sitrry) is an ele- Here is a fmall Mt. on 5'. though it gant ftruifture in the p. of Peterflinm, is not in the lifts of the Market- near Richmond-Park, and by the towns, and a Fair on Lady-day, Thames-fide; which bel. to D. Lau- which the inhabitants claim by pre- derdale, in the R. of Cha. II. and at- fcription. terwards to the Dfs's. fon the E. of HALT ON, (.taw.) near Lancafter, Dyfert, brother to general Talmafli whole capital mefiuage is called Hal- who was killed at the expedition of ton-Hall.' The demefnes bel. to the Breft. manorconfiftof z 30 acres tythe-free. HAM, (Wore.) on the r. Temd, It has a water corn-mill, and a fal- or Teme, a little higher than Clifton, mon-fiihery in ,the r. Loyne ; and a had a caftle, where is now a hand- good common in the neighbourhood, fome feat, that has been enjoyed by with a promifing profpecl of lead and the ancient family of the Jeffreys, coa). above 200 years. HALTON, E.andW.(n^.W.R.) HAM-WEST, (E/cx) bet. Strat- ijot far from Settle, had anciently a ford and Little-Ilford. In this p. are religious houie, and a royal maiifion 12 acres of matfli land, cali'd Ox- Leas, H A H A Lea?, which Sir Jacob Garrard, fheriff of London, ninny years before his de- ceafe, appropriated for ever, for the binding out 4 apprentices, -vix. 3 of this p. and one of Eaft-Ham p. Alib, in thankful remembrance of his de- liverance in a trial for his life and efiate, he appointed a fermon to be preached yearly, on that anniverfary (vix. Jan. 9) at this p. Ch. with 20 s. for the preacher, 6s. 8 d. for the reader, 3*. 4^. for the clerk, and 2 s. for the fexton, befidcs a dole of charity to be distributed, at the fame time, to 50 poor people. HAMBLEDON-HILL, (Dorftt.) at one end of Cranburn-Chace, near Stourmifter, {hews it had once a camp j and, it is faid, Roman coins have been dug up in or near it. HAMBLETON, (Tork. W. R.) on the S. W. fideofSelby, has annual ra-es on its Down, for the K's. plate of 100 guineas. HAMDEN-GREAT,(J?tfob)cn the ridge of the Chiltern -Hills, near Wen- dover, is the manor and feat of the Hamdens, one of the oldeft and moft honourable families in this Co. who, it is faid, were fettled here above 600 years ; and that the porch of their houfe is yet /landing, which was built before the conqueft. Here is a fmall ch. fc. Little-Hamden is on the N. fide of it. HAM LEY TON, (Rut!.} nearNor- manton, in the road to Okcham, is in the maps and fome defcriptions fpelt Hambleton, or Hamelden. In the R. of Edw. II. this manor bel. to Bartholomew Ld. Badlefmere, who obtained a Mt. here on M. and a Fair dug. 23, 24, and 25. It afterwards came to the E. of Northampton, and then to Ld. Lovell j upon whofe for- feiture of it to Hen. VII. he gave it to Hen. Ferrers. In the R. of K. James I. \i xvas in the family of Sir John Harrington. It was afterwards fold to Geo. Villiers D. of Bucking- ham, and again to the late E. of Nottingham, HAMMERSMITH, (M. : J HARLING-EAST, (Norfolk) ftands on a rivulet, bet. Thetford and Buckenham, 15 cm. from Norwich, and 75 cm. 88 mm. from London. Its ancient owners were the Bigods fa- mily, who changed their name to Felbrigg. 'Twas afterwards fold to the Herlings ; from whom it was carried by marriage to the Wingfields ; after which it came to the Levels, by a branch of which it was lately, if it be not ftill, enjoyed. Its Mt. on Tb. is chiefly for linen-yarn, and linen- cloth j and the Fair is April 23. HARLINGTON, (Midd.} on the N. fide of Hounflow-Heath, gave title of E. to Sir Hen. Bennet, fecretary of ftate to Cha. II. it having been his feat alfo. HARLOW, (EJJex) on the W. fide of the Rodings towards Hartfordfliire, bel, formerly to the abbey of St. Ed- aaundlbury 5 H A H A mundfljury; but in the laft century was the property of Tho. Addington, Efq. It had a Mt. once on S. though fince difcontinued ; but has a Fair on Nov. 17. HARMONDSWORTH, (Midd.}on the N. W. fide of Harlington. The manor was formerly given to St. An- drew's-Abbey in Normandy ; but K. Edw. III. feized it, as the eftateof an alien priory, and K. Rich. II. alie- nated it to Will. Wickham, Bp. of Winchefter, who fettled it on his college, near Winchefter ; which con- tinued proprietors of it, till Hen. VIII. by way of exchange for it, got the rectory and the advowfon of the vi- carage into his own hands. HARNAM, E. and W. (Wilts] near Sarum. Its Bp. Rich. Poor, having obtained of Hen. III. at the incorpo- ration of New-Sarum, that, for the benefit of the faid city, they change and remove the ways and bridges leading to it, &c. Robt. Binghatn, his next fucceffbr, built that ftately bridge over the Avon,called Harnam- Bridge, anno 1245 i which brought the great weftern road this way, whereby Wilton decayed, and Salif- bury throve every day. HARRENDON, GR. and LIT. {Nortbamp.} near the r. Nen, bet. Wellingborough and Kettering, was the manor and feat of the Vaulx's, for above 300 years. K. Cha. I. when a prifoner at Hclmby-Houfe, ufed to come hither under a guard, for his beloved diverfion of bowling. It gives title of Baron to the E. of Maiton, who has a feat here. HARROLD'S-WIAS, (Heref.) at the conflux of the Munny and Dore, had a caftie which anciently bel. to the Harolds ; from whom it pafled to the Lds. Tregoz, and from them to the Grandifons. HARROW-ON-THE-HILL,(MV/.) fo called from its fituation on the higheft hill in the Co. lorn. N.W. of London. In its Ch. lie interred feveral of the Flamberds, Lds. of the hamlet of that name. This f. is no- ted for a fr. fc. founded in the R. of Q^Eliz. by Mr. John Lyons. Afil- ver arrow is fliot for here once a year, vix. Aug. 4, by a leledt number of the fcholars, who are drefTed for the purpofe in the habit of archers. The manor bel. formerly to the Abps. of Canterbury, till the R. of K. Hen- ry VIII. when Abp. Cranmer con- veyed it to the crown, in exchange for other lands ; but it has parted to the fubject nnce, and was the manor of the late Sir James Rufliout. HARROW-HILL, (Wore.} in the ps. of North and Middle-Littleton, 2 m. from Evefliam, has a medici- nal fpring, efpecially noted for the cure of fore eyes. The water, though, of a foft tafte, yet, by its diftillatioa from the rock, petrifies what-ever is thrown into it. HARTBURY, (G7o manor and feat of Sir Walter Comp- ton, Bt. and of his anceftors, ever fince the Ref. before which it bel. to the abbey of Glocefter. jf. HARTFORD, the Shire T. of (Hartf.) 20 cm. 23 mm. from Lon- don, (lands on the r. Lea, was of fome note in the time of the ancient Britons, and the E. Saxon K.S. often kept their courts here. In 673, here was a fynod. K. Alfred built a caftie here, by which the Danifh veffels were deftroyed, that came up from the Thames by its r. as far as Ware, where the Danes had erected a fort, from which they made fre- quent fallies to plunder and deftroy the country. The manor of this T. was all along the K's. of whom both the T. and caftie were formerly held in capite. The Barons took the latter from K. John, but K. Hen. HI. recovered it. K. Edw. III. gave the T. a charter for Mts. on Tb. and S. and in his grant of it to John of Gaunt, it is called the honour of Hartford. The chief bailiff was then allowed by the K. 20 s. a year for his livery-gown, and the porter of the cafiic. who was put in by the K. X a had H A H A had of him zd.z day for his wages. It fent members to Pt. in the R. of Edw, I. but after the 7th of Hen. V. CB the petition of the bailiff and bur- geffes to be excufed by reafon of their poverty, that privilege was dif- continued, till the 22d of James I, K. Hen. VI. who kept his Eafter here in 1429, ordained by his char- ter confirming their Mt. that no other fhould be kept on the fame days, within 7 m. on pain of having the goods feized by the bailiffs of Hartford. This manor being then part of Q._ Margaret's jointure, the courts were held in her name, and ihe appointed a horfe Fair to be kept in wh&t part of the T. the bailiff and conftables thought fit. The iRandard of weights and meafures was fixed here in the R. of Hen. VJI. and Q^Mary I. made this a corp. by the name of bailiffs and burgeffes, of whom the latter were to be 1 6 by her charter, which alfo granted the T. 3 Fairs, -vix, the eve-day and morrow of PaJfion-Sunday, June 24, and Of}. 29. In the 25th and 35th of Q. Eliz. Michaelmas-term was Jkepthere, by reafon of the plague at both times in London ; and that Q._ who fometimes refided in its caflle, and declared the Bor. as par- cel of her duchy of Lancafter, granted it a new charter, by the ftile of a bailiff, ij capital burgeffes, and 16 afMants, with a Mt. on .5. 2 yearly Fairs, vix. on Lady-day and Mid- fummer-day, in St. Andrew's p. and 2 other Fairs in the T. on Pafflon- Sunday, and one for all forts of cattle on the 2gth of OEiober, paying only il. 6s. %d. K. James I. granted it a new charter, with the ftile of mayor, burgeffes, and commonalty, to have 10 capital burgeffes, and 1 6 af- fjitants, the mayor to be chofe out of the former, by both of them ; and a Fair was then appointed here on May-day. The caflie was enjoyed in the laft R. by Sir Will. Cowper, J3t. as it has been fince by his fuc- cdTors, and it was repaired and beau- tified by the late Spencer Cowpei, Ef C. J. of Chefter. Here was once a mon. founded by William the Conqueror's nephew, which, fince the Diff. has paffed through feveral fa- milies to the Harrifons. Here were 5 Chs. which are reduced to two. In St. Andrew's there is a feat not only for the mayor and aid. but an- other for the governors of Chrift- church hof. in London, who have erected a fair houfe in the T. to re- ceive fuch children as wanted either health or room in that hof. and they have built a gallery in the Ch. wherein 200 of their children may be accommodated. The T. in fhort, ftands pleafantly, in a fweet air and dry vale, is now governed by a mayor, high-fleward, who is generally a no- bleman, a recorder, 9 aid. a town- clerk, chamberlain, 10 cap-burgeffes, and 1 6 afliftants, and has 2 ferjeants at mace. The chief commodities of its Mt. are wheat, malt, and wool j and it is faid to fend 5000 quarters of malt to London weekly by the r. Lea. Befides the above-mentioned, here are two Fairs on Sept. 8 and Nov. 6, and two others for cattle, vix. the S. fortnight after Ea/ler, and the M. following, and its Mid- funimer Fair is chiefly for horfes. This T. had the honour of giving title of Earl formerly to the Strong- bows, but the honour ceafed for many years, till Hen. VIII. revived it in Edward Seymour, brother to one of his <^s. whofe defendants have enjoyed it ever fince, with that of D. of Somerfet. Here is a Inndfome free grammar-fc. befides 3 ch. fcs. but the fplendour of the T. is much diminished fince the N. road from London was turned through Ware j but in the T. is ftill kept the Co. gaol, and the gaol-delivery in the caftie. HARTINGTON, (Derby.) on the N. W. fide of Wirkfworth, gives title of Marquis to the eldsft fon cf the D. of Devon, HART- H A H A K|HARTI.AND, ( Devon. ) lyi cm. 197 mm. from London, ftands on the promontory called Hart- Jand-Point, which is the extreme part of the Co. N. W. and runs out a good way intp the fea. In William the Conqueror's time this manor bel. to the Dinants, or Dinhams, from whom it defcended by marriage to the Zouches, and from them fuc- cefiively to the Fitzwarrens, Carews, and Arundels j and it had formerly a mon. In the R. of Q^Eliz. a bill was preferred in Pt. for making a port here. The Mt. is on 5. and much frequented by people from Cornwall ; and as the fiftier-boats of Barnftaple, Biddiford, and the other Ts. on the coaft, lie often under thefe rocks for fhelter from the S. W. or S. E. winds, the feamen come on fliore here, and fupply themfelves with provifions j nor is the T. un- concerned in the herring-filhery on this coaft. The Fairs here are on Eaftcr-W, Whitfon-Tu. and Sept . 14. HARTLEBURY, ( Ware . ) near Worcefter-City, has a caftle with a park about it, bel. to the Bps. of that fee, near the conjunction of the Se- vern and Stour. Here is a ch. fc. jj^ HARTLEPOOL, ( Durham ) 187 cm. 236 mm. from London, ftands on a promontory 4m. from Gretham, encompafled on all fides, but the W. by the fea, and has a fafe harbour under it. 'Tis an ancient corp. vefted by K. John with the fame laws and liberties, as Newcaftle upon Tyne, and governed by a mayor and his brethren, with other fubor- dinate officers. The Mt. which is on 5. is not very considerable ; fo that the place depends chiefly on the har- bour, where the Newcaftle colliers generally take flieltcr in ftrefs of wea- ther. Here was formerly a mon. In the year 1315, this T. and terri- tory was ravaged and plundered by the Scots. HAKTS-HILL, (#V.) bet. Nun- Eaton and Atherfton, bel. formerly to Sir Alex, Culpeper of Keat, whole fon fold it to Sir Anthony Cooke, of Giddy- Flail in Efiex, who left it to Richard his fon and heir ; but it came from the Cookes to Purefey, and from him to Sir Nathan Wright, whofe fecond fon, William, lately enjoyed it. HARTWELL, (Nortbamp.) W. of Oulney, uear Sawcy-Foreft, wherein its inn. have a right of commonage. HARTY-ISLE, (Kent) at the cor- ner of the Ifle of Sheppey, over- againft Fever/ham, to whofe abbey it once be], till the abbot alienated it to Mr. Colepeper, from whom it came to Mr. Thornhill. HARWELL, (Afo/.) near Bautrc, bel. formerly to the Markhams, Townleys, and Wentworths ; from which laft, it was parted to the corp. of Newark, of whom Tho. Mafjnus bought it, and gave it to Anthony Gilby, a lieutenant-colonel in New- ark garrifon, whofe pofterity are or were lately tenants of it. 5jc HARWICH, (EJJ'ex) 61 cm. 71 mm. from London, is the ftation of the packet-boats for Holland, and has a fafe harbour, which is,withal fo fpacious, by the influx of the Stour from Maningtree, and the Or- well from Ipfwich, into the bay, and fuch ufe was made of it in the Dutch war, that too fail of men of war have been feen there at one time, with their tenders, befides 3 or 400 fail of coaliers ; for it is a perfect harbour, to within 2 m. of Ipfwich, and able to receive ihips of 100 guns all the way. The inns here are very good, but the accommodition dear, by reafon of the great concourfe of paffengers to and from Holland, which was the motive of fitting up flocps to go thither dire&ly froiK the Thames, when the ftage-coaches that ufed to ply two or three times a \v2ek bet. this place and London were laid down. The Ch. hcr<;, ever fince the Ref. has been a chaptl to the mother Ch. at Dover-Court. TheT. is not large, but well-built and populous, has a good maritime tra^e, is alrnoft X 3 a- H A H A encornpaffed by the fea, and has flrong works. It is walled in, and the ftreets paved for mod part with elay, which tumbling down frcm the cliff, where is a petrifying water bet. the T. and Beacon-Hill, foon grows as hard as ftone ; and the inh. boaft the wall is as ftrong, and the ftreets as clean as thofe that are of real ftone. This place was firft made a free Bor. and had a grant of its Mt. en Tn. in the Reign of Edward II. Its government was fettled by char- ter of King James I. in a mayor, chofe yearly, Nov. 30, out of 8 aid. who with 24 capital burgefTes, the electors, and the recorder, make the corp. By this charter it had alfo a power to cleft z burgefies to Pt. the grant of its F. Mt. and its 2 Fairs on May-day and St. Luke's, which are each for 3 days. The mayor has a power to hold admiralty-courts. Here is a very good yard for building /nips, with the neceflary ftore-houfes, :rares, launches, &f heirs. After trie Ref. it was pur- chafed by Robert Afcott. Its Mt. is on Tu. and Fairs en May 10, "June n, Aug. 24, and Oft. 18. HATHERTON, (Cbejbire) near Webbenbury, anciently the feat cf the Orbies, from whom it parted to the Corbels, and from them to the Smiths. HATLEY-COCKAINE, (Bcdf.) on the N. E. fide of Potton, fo called from Ld. Chief Baron Cockayne, who fettled here in the Reign of Henry IV. HATLEY ST. GEORGE, (Camb.) on the N. E, fide of Hatley-Ccc- kaine, was called Great-Hatley, till it came to the family of St. George. It is fince the feat of Mr. Pearce. HAT. HA HA HATTOK UPON AVON, (IVar.} all their dead to the chapel of Rum- is a member of Hampton upon Avon j ford. with which it palTed formerly to J^* HAWKESHEAD, (Lane.) in John DudleyE. ofWarwick,and after Fournefs, a hiliy woody traft on the hit attainder patted with it to the W. fide of Wina'nder-Mere, 2O2cm. Lucys of Cherlecote. 265 mm. from London, has a Mt. on 8^ HA v ANT, (Hampjhire) bet. M. for the fale of provisions, wool, Fareham and Chichefter, 54 cm. 63 yarn, &c. and a free-grammar fc. mm. from London, has a Mt. on S. endowed by Edwin Sands, Abp. of and Fair QRcb. 6. York, who was born near it. HAVEN-UPPER, {Wilti} near HAWKHURST, (Kent) near Be- Everley hare- warren, %vas the Lp. of nenden, a dependant on the manor of PeterdeMouleyintheR.ofHen.il!. Wye, and with it bel. to Eattle- who granted him a Mt. on Tu, upon Abbey. The royalty and rents were his prefenting him with a palfrey. In granted by Hen. VIII. to Sir John the Rs. of Edw. I. and II. it was the Baker, his Attorney-Gen, but his Lp. of Hugh Spenfer, who procured heir fold all his right and claim, in a charter for a Fairs here on W. and the R. of James I. to Henry E. of Tb. after Trinity-Sun day, and Off. 17 Dover; of whom it was purchafed and 18. The Mt. is aboli&ed ; but by Sir Tho. Finch, anceftor of the St. Luke's Fair is continued. K. prefent E. of Winchelfea ; and the Rich. III. gave this manor to Henry Lds. court-baron is held here about Stafford D. of Buckingham, together Eaftcr. 'Tis a very populous large with the view of Nether-Haven on p. and had, before the defirudlion of the S. fide of it. its Ch. in the civil wars, 1400 com- 63" HAVER IL, (EJJex and Stiff.) municants ; but now it is full of 43 cm. 49 mm. from London, ap- poor, and noted for fmugglers. It pears, by the ruins of a Ch. and caf- had a Mt. on Tu. by grant of K. tie ftill to be feen, to have been of Edw. I, which has been long difcon- much greater confequence formerly tinued.; and it had Fairs Aug. 10 and than now. It has a ch. fc. with a Feb. iz, but only the former is con- Mt. on W. and Fairs May i, July 6, tinued. Here were alfo formerly 5 and Aug. 15. crofies, or watch-houfes, and a bea- HAVERING AT BOWER, (F.ffex] con ; but they are all demoli&ed, ex- had the name, as it is faid in Cam- cept two. den, from a ring given there by a HAWKSWORTH, (Noit.) on the ftranger to Edw. the Cor.f. as a pre- N. E. fide of Bingham, bel. for fe- fent from St. John the Evangelift ; veral fuccefiions to the Deincourts ; which Mr. Weaver fuppofes con- and afterwards pafled through divers firmed by the remnants of a pifhire families, till at length it was feized in the E. window of the S. aile of by the crown, being part of the eftate Rumford-Ch. under which is written of Sir Maurice Dennis. Q._ Eliz. Johannes per peregrines miJitRcgi Ed- granted it to Rich. "Whalley, one of vardo, &c. K. Hen. VIII. ufed to whofe defendants, in 1670, conveyed come hither, for the pleafure of hunt- it to William D. of Newcaftle ; of ing in the foreft ; and it was the an- whom it was purchafed by Robert cient retiring-place of the Ks. of Butler. England. Here are z chapels ; one HAWK WOOD, (EJJex) in the p. a peculiar royal chapel for the K. and of Heningham-Sible, formerly the his houfliold, the other for the offi- eftate of Sir John Hawkwood, and cers, forefters, and inh. which is a afterwards of Hen. Summers, Efqj chapel of eafe to Horn-Church ; but of Braintree, having no right of burial, they carry HAWNES, H A TO H E HAWNES, (Bedf.}^m. from Bed- ford, is a feat of the Ld. Carteret, now E. of Granville, and gives him title of Baron. HAWSTED, (Suff.) alias Halfted- Hall, near St. Edmundfbury, was a great while the manor and feat of the Drurys, and lately of the Cullums. HAW TON, (Notl.) in the York road, near Newark, has been much depopulated fince the civil wars, and for the greateft part inclofed. Some lands here bel. formerly to the priory of Thurgarton } after the DifiT. to James Hardwick and his heirs, and now to the D. of Devon/hire. HA w T ox, (/toff .) near Sherwood- Foreft, is alfo called Halloughton, or Halmirron. It makes an entire pre- bend in Southwell, which lies on the N. fide of it ; and is called the lay- prebend, becaufe it has nothing fpiri- tual, but the tithes of its own land. This manor did lately bel. to John Foreft, and Sir Cha. Oufley, or Wol- fley, had it in leafe. HAYES-ARUNDELS, [Devon] an ifland in the manor of Cowicke, bet. the r. Ex and the village Lahegen, which leads towards Exwick. It was formerly the eftate of the Champer- noons, which one of them, Sir Wil- liam, granted to Ralph Tintiner. HAYES-PLOVERS, ( Devon. ) fo called from its ancient Lds. who held their lands of the E. of Devonshire by this tenure ; that whenever he came to Ex-lfland, the tenant was to come with a napkin about his neck, or on his fhoulder j and a pitcher of wine, and a fjlver cup in his hand, to offer his Ld. to drink. PJ? HAYLSHAM,(Sa/fc.x)46 Cm. 53 mm. from London, has a Mt. on S. HAYTON, (Nott.) to the W. of N. and S. Wheatley, was in the R. of Hen. VI. the manor of Lawrence Moigne ; from whom it pafTed to the Makarels, Fitzwilliams , and Pages. HEADINGLEY, (fork. W. R.) a kamlet of Leeds, In which grew the flilre-oak, from whence the H. hat its name. In the chapel is interred Benj. Wade of New-Grange, who gave zoo I. for ever, towards the maintenance of its curate ; but the ground for it was given by the famous Sir John Savil. HEADON, (Not!.} on the S. E. fule of Redford, bel. anciently to a family of the fame name ; and parted, in the R. of Edw. III. by the female line to the Jorces, Chaworths ; and laftly to the Wafteneys, who have enjoyed it fmca 1622, and have a fine feat here, begun by the prefent Bt's. anceftor, Sir Hardolph, in 1711. # HEADON, (York. E. R.) 141 cm. 172 mm. {from London, is a plcafant, little, well-built T. in Hol- dernefs, on a r. that falls into the Humber. 'Tis alfo written Hed- don, or Heydon, and is very ancient. K. John granted it to the E. of Al- bemarle for a Free-Bor. fo that the burgeffes of it fliould hold in free- burgaee, in as full a manner as the burgefTes of York and Lincoln. It was formerly confiderable in mer- chants and Shipping 5 and though it has but one Ch. there are the remains of two more. It makes no very great appearance now ; which is afcribed to the neighbourhood of Hull, and to its harbour being choaked, the fea having fo much encroached upon this fliore, as to have fwallowed up many of its Ts. There is a cut made on the S. E. part of the T. which helps to fcower that part of the haven which is left ; but there is no hopes of ren- dering it as ufeful as formerly. In 1656 great part of the T. was burnt down, as were, not many years fince, many houfes in the Mt.-place ; but the greateft part is rebuilt, and the T. thereby rendered much more beauti- ful : and of late years it is grown richer, which is chiefly afcribed to its frequent Fairs that are held every fortnight. Its Mt. is on 5. 'Tis a corp. with a mayor, recorder, 9 aid. and 2 bailiffs, who have the power of fheriffr, and are juftkes of the peace. H E H E peace. There's a prifon and court here bel. to the Vifc. Dunbar, who has the figniory of Holdernefs j and it fends two members to Pt. HEALE, (Dt-*.N.R.) near the rife of the Ure and b. of Lancafliire, has a moft wild and dif- mal profpecl among the hills. There is a bridge over a rivulet here of one entire ftcne from which the water falls fo deep, that it ftrikes one with horror to look down. HELB ECK-SCAR , (Weftm.} by the r. Gelt, was formerly the manor of the Lds. Clifford, and has an infcrip- tion left here by the Romans. HELFORP, (Cornwall) W. of Fal- mouth-Haven, has a fmall but good harbour, where the /hips often go in to load tin for London ; and here are a good number of veflels for the pil- chard trade, with abundance of IkiJ- ful filhermen. HELLENSFORD, (York. W. R. ) near Wctherby , where a Roman mi- Jicary way crofted the r. Wherf. ST. HELLEN'S, ( Jjk of Wight ) in Eaft-Medina, has a bay which runs a confiderabic v, ay within land, and, in a war with France, is often the ftition and place of rendezvous for the royal navy. At the mouth of the bay is that clufl.tr of dirty rocks called the Mixen. HEI.LIFJEI D, (Tcrk. W. R.) in Craven. The manor was parcel of thi eftate of the priory of St. John of J^rufalem, and has a chapel near it, with 3 almfli. %$ HE i. MBS LEY, (tt>r*.N.R.) in Khidal-Vaie, near the r. Rhye, with a brook running through it, 165 cm. 197 mm. from London, had formerly a caftla for defence of this part agaijjft tho Scots invaders, and was a feat of the late D. of Bucking ham. Its Mt. is S. 294mm. from London, is a trading populous T. well fituated on the r. Cober, not far from its influx into the fea ; one of thofe appointed for the coinage of tin, and the place of af- fembly for the W. divifion of the /hire. By a grant of Edw. III. it hag a Mt. on .?. and Fairs on March 1 3, July 9, Aug. zqj Off. 2.8, the fecond S. before St. Thomas-day, and the Ss, before Midlent-Sunday, Palm - Sit ;;<%,. and Wbit-Sund. It had formerly a priory and a caftle, and fent members to Pt. in the R. of Edw. I. but was not incorporated till the zjth of Q^ Eliz. who appointed a mayor, to be chofe on Sept. 29, and 4 aid. who are to be of the C.C. and to chufc 24 afiiftants. The manor bel. to the Pr. of Wales, as D. of Cornwall. Here is a large Mt.-houfe and a Guild- Hall, and 4 ftreets that lie in the form of a crofs, with a little channel of water running through each. The fteeple of the Ch. with its fpite, is 90 foot high, and a fea-mark. A little below the T. there is a tolerable good harbour, where feveral of the tin /hips take in their lading, K. John exempted this place from paying toll any where, but in the city of London ; and from being implcaded any where, but in their own Bor. HEMINGSTON, (Suffolk) on the E. fide of Needham, was a manor held by Baldwin de Pcttcur ; fur which, fays Camden, who bids MS obferve the name, he was oblicrd every Cl-riflmiis-duy to perform bcfoie theK. one Salt us, a Sufflatus, and 4 Bombulus 5 which, as Camden in- terprets it, was to dance, to make a noile with his checks, and to let a fart. Suth was the coarfe jollity of thofe times. HEMMINGTON, ( Nor r Lamp. ) oa tru- N. E. fide of Bamwcli, and S. . of Pok-brook, the ancient feat of the family of the D. of Montague. Here is a fmull ch. fc. Y HIMPSTI*, H E H E HEMPS TED. (EjJ'ex) is a chapel of eafe to Sarnford-Magna ; wherein lie interred the Harveys, who had their feat here ; and particularly the famous Dr. Will. Harvey, who found out the circulation of the blood, upon whole monument is a long epitaph. Here was alfo a feat of the Mor- dounts, anceitors of the Es. of Peter- borough ; of whom Sir Rob. Mor- daunt had the advowfon of this cha- pel ; from whom it paffed to the Harveys of Chigvvell. HEMPSTED, (Gloc.) bet. Glo- cefter and Lanthony, to whofe priory it once bel. and near Newark-Houfe, the feat of the late Ld. Scudamore, and now of Mr. Lyon?, is a p. by the Severn, about 6m. in com. At the Difl". it was given to Tho. Atkyns, the anccftor of the late Sir Rob. At- kyns. The great tithes, with fome land and the liberty of fiihing in the Severn, were granted by Hen. VIII. to Arthur Porter, Efq; and the fmall tithes by Q^Eliz. toSirChr.Hutton. (^ HEMPSTED, or HEMEL- HEMPSTED,(//ar//".)i3 cm. zgmrn. from London, has a Mt. on Tb. and Fairs on Holy-Crofs-day, the Tb. after Trimiy-M. and the 2d M. in Sept. It was granted to the abbey of St. Al- bans, in the time of the Saxons, by the name of Henamited, or Hean- Hempfted, ;'. e. High- Hempfted. Will, the Conq. gave part of it to Earl Moreton, who held it by the name of Hemelamftede. After the Diff. both the manor and T. were granted by Hen. VIII. to John Wa- terhoufe, Efq; his Auditor, who pre- vailed on him to incorporate this vil- lage by the name of a bailiff; and to empower the inh. to have a common feal, and a pye-powder court during its Mt. and Fairs. It has been rec- koned one of the greater}. Mis. for wheat in this Co. if not in England, 2,0,000 /. a week being often returned in it only for meal. Eleven pair of mills ftand within 4 m. of the place, vhich bring a great trade to it ; but the road is thereby fo continually torn, that it is one of the worft turnpike ways to London. HEMPSTON, BROAD and LIT- TLE, (Devon*) near Afliburton. The former once gave title of Baron to the Cantelupes, and by marriage of a daughter pafled to Sir Tho. Weft. The latter, which is in the p. of Harberton, was the ancient eftate of the Cheyneys ; from whom it def- cended to Willoughby Ld. Brooke, and afterwards it came toKnolles. HEMPTON, (Norfolk) en the S. fide of Fakenham, where formerly was a priory, has a Fair in Wbirfun- Weeh, and one for cattle Nov. 1 1 . HEMSW EI.L, (Line.} near Nr-r- inanby. The parfcnage be!, to the corp. of Lincoln, by purchafe from K. Hen. VIII. HEMS WORTH, (York. W. R.) to the N.E. of Barnelley. Rob. Hoi- gate, Abp. of York, who was turned out of his fee by Q._Mary I. becaufe he was married, founded an hof. here for 10 poor old men, and as many women ; and if he was not the foun- der of the fc. here, he was a bene- factor to it. The rectory is 300 /. a year. HENEURY, (Gloc.) near Briftol, 2 m. from St. Vincent's rocks, is a p. 25 m. in com. of which the part to- wards the Severn is mar/hy. 'Tis alfo of large jurifdidlion ; for feveral lands in 11 adjacent ps. are held of it, and divers fi/hings in the Severn bel. to it. In the R. of Edw. VI. it was granted by the crown to Sir Ralph Sadler ; after which it came to the Morfes, whofe family held it for feveral generations, till it went, by marriage of the heirefs, firft to Sir Sam. Aftrey, clerk of the crcwn in chancery, and afterwards to Simon Harcourt, Efq; clerk of the crown in the K's. -bench ; after whofe de- ceafe it went to Lady Arabella Wai- den, her youngeft daughter, by Sir Sam. Afbey, who married Henry Ld. Waldcn, fon and heir apparent cf Henry then E. of Suffolk and Bin- don. The impropriation of the vi- carage H E H E carage bel. to Mr. Fane, and is worth 200 /. a year. A fr. fc. was creeled here by Mr. Edwards, of King's- Wefton. In the chancel of its Ch. lies Sir Robert Southwell, who died in 1702, after having been en- vi y extraordinary to feveral courts. Mr. Sampfon has a feat here. In this p. is a camp, with 3 rampiers and trenches, fuppofed to have been Briti/h. HEN DON, (Midii.] en the N. fide of HampfteJ, was a manor pur- chafed by Dunilan Abp. of Canter- bury, and given to the men. of St, Peter's at Weft;*';nfter ; but at the DifT. K. Hen. VJII. gave it, with the vicarage and rectory, to Sir Tho. Herbert, from whom it defcended to his pofterity the Earls of Powis. Here is a ch. fc. The boors of this place ufei to be reckoned the greateft clo'.vns in the Co. It was the feat of Sir Will. Rawlinfon-Earl, Ld.- mayor of London, as it is now of Will. Rawlinfcn-Earl, Efq;. HENDRED-EAST, (Berks] 3 m. E. of Wantage, though now a vil- lage of not more than about 150 houfes, was at the DifT, a confider- able Mt.-town. It Hands on the b. of the Vale of White-Horfe, at the foot of the downs under Cuck- hamfley-Hill. It is but a fingle p. though fituate in z Hs. jc HEBE* ORB, (Heref.) 112 cm. by a mayor and 12 aid. high-fteward, 130 mm. from London. The name deputy-fteward, recorder, and town- imports, that it was the ford of the clerk, with 31 C. C. (among whom 8rmy, it having been for feveral are reckoned the mayor and 5 of the tuAfltlred years before the Conqueft aid. who are juftices of the peace-) tLt. head- carters of tixe Saxoos, as a fword. bearer, and 4 ferjeanta at Y 3 mace, H E H E mace. The trading companies here rwne their diftinct halls, laws and privileges, but gloves and feme ether leathern warns arc their only mt'. and here arc held the cflizes, quarter- iefJlons, county-courts, 65V. 1 he cathedra], which was built in 1050, and deftroyed by the Welflj in 1060, but rebuilt in the R. of the Conq. or, as fome fay, in that of Henry I. is a beautiful and ma^n ficent firuc- ture. Its Mts. are on IV. F. and 5. The 5's. Mt. is chiefly fcr cattle, fheep and hogs, the others for corn, and ail forts of provifions. Fairs fcr .3 days each, vix. March zc, Eafitr- W. May IQ, June 19, Off. 8 and 2.1, and fu. after Candlemas. Here is an hof. founded in the R. of Q^ Eliz. and well endowed, for iz poor pec pie ; and a ch. fcs. cne fcr 60 boj s, the other for 40 girls. Here were formerly 2 or 3 priories. On the other fide of the Wye is a feat which bel. formerly to the Boden- hams, and fince to the heirs of Mr. Vanaker, which is one of the plea- fanteft in all this part of the Co. having a fpacious park before it, and the r. Wye behind it, and on each fide verdant meadows, end fruitful corn-fieldf. Almcft the only drink here is cyder, which is both cheap and good, the very hedges in the country being planted with apple- trees. The Rtdftreak-tree is a large Inn near the T.-hall, where one aid. Ford got and faved feveral thou- land pounds. HiRiNGyt-EET, (Suffolk) am. from MildenhalJ, the ieat of Sir Edmund Bacon, Bt. built by his an- ceftor Sir Butts Baccn, Bt. had for- merly a men. HERMITAGE, (Dorjtt.) in the Vale of White-Hart, on the S. fide cf C'ifton, wa? the feat of the late Will. Collier, Efq;. It is recorded that, Jan. 13, 1585, a pretty large fpot of ground was removed heie by the force of a fubterrancous wind, and tarried 40 rod, leaving a great pit where it had been, and retaining the tree: ?nd hedges on it intire HZRCXDEN, (Kent), in the p. of Fleet, near Staple, was for many ages the eftate of a family of thut name, whofe arms was a heron with one talon creeled, gaping for breath, till it was carried by the heirefs in marriage toBcteler of Boteler's-Fleet, in Am. Here is a Fair Sept. zi. HESSEL, (Turk. E. R.) near the Humber, S. W. of Hull, bel. an- ciently to the Stutevils, whole heiress, Johanna, gave it to the canons of Walton. The imprefiion on her feal was a woman riding fideways, with the bridle in her right-hand, /he be- mg the firft that 'tis faid began that cuftom, now in ul'e with her fex. HESTON, (MieU.} N. W. of Hounflow, half a m. frrm the Wind- for road, was fo noted heretofore, fays Caniden, fcr its fine wheat- flour, that our Ks. made choice cf it for their own bread. HtTHCOTt, ( I'/tzrw. ) on the 'S. E. fide of Warwick, was a manor given to its collegiate Ch. by Hen.1V. and after the Dili, granted to George Tre/ham and Edward Twyniho. r.nd their heirs, fiom th former of whom it was conveyed to Will. Morcote. HF.THCOTZ, (Wane.} in the pa- riih of Wafnenoe, N. W. of the for- mer, was heretofore granted to the neighbouring men. of Thelesford j but ai'ier the Dill, it \VES given to Tho. Aruern and V, r ill. Walter, and to the poftt-rity of the latter it has bel. ever fines. HETHIR-HILL, (Surry) in the p. of Darking, owes its name, it feems, to the Hethers family, who it is faid have had laud in this p. from before the Conq. and ftill con- tinue here. HKVYTREE, (Devon.) i m. and half without the E. gate of Exeter, to which city it is the Tyburn, or common place of execution, and from thence it is iuppofcd to kave the name, Here is a plat of ground HE HE inclofed for the interment of the bo- change made with K. Hen. VIIT. dies that are hanged on its gallows, whereby it was annexed to the crown, and land appropriated to buy them as it was in the R. of Q._Eliz. to t!ii fhrov.do by the reliit of Mr. Tuck- Co. of Northumberland, being fub- fie.d, a merchant of Exeter, in the jetted to the lame judicature : But R. of Edw. VI. An almfho. for 12 this is only to be underftood of c'>.\'.} poor old people was begun by Sir matters ; for its eccleliaftical jurifdic- Rob. Dennis in this p. in 1492, and tion is not the fame with the reft of finifhed by his fon. The manor of the Co. it being ftill a peculiar bel. this place has long been in the family to the Abp. of York; and the vulgar of Kelly. ftill call the neighbouring country HEWEL.GRANGE, (War.'] 3m. Hexhamihire. 'Tis a well-built T. E. from Bromfgrove, was given by and a Corp. governed by a bailirYchofe the Emprefs Maud to the neighbour- yearly. Thi W. end of its ancient ing mon. of Bordefley in Worceftcr- Ch. built in the time of the Saxon?, fhire ; but at the Ref. K. Hen. VIII. is demolished, but the reft rianoa en- granted it therewith to Sir Andrew tire, and is a very itately ftructure, Windfor, Knt. Ld. Windfor, in ex- though it was much damaged in the change for the manor of Stanwell civil wars, the firft blood therein in Middlefex. The fucceedln Lds. fhed being drawn in its neighbour- Windier made it one of their princi- hood ; where an Engli/h detachment, pal feats, as it is now of Ld. Wind- though advantageously pofted, was for, E. of Plymouth. defeated by a party of Scots, who HE WISH, (DcWtf.)bet. Hatherley fought their way through the Tine, and Torrington, bel. to a family of and killed 400 men, and put the reft the fame name, from Hen. II. to the to flight ; which was (bon followed l.-tter end of Edw. III. and was after- with the tame furreader of Newcaf- wards purchafed by Leonard Yeo of tie, from which it is about 15 m. dif- the Heanton family, whofe pofterity tance. The Mt. here is Tu. Fairs on have a feat here. Dec. 8, July z6, and Of?. 29; the HEXGRAvE-PARK,(.Afo.)inthe two laft for leather. Part of the old p. of Southwell, and on the N. W. mon. was foon after the Diff. turned fide of it, is fuppofed to have been into a dwelling-houfe by Sir John made by Walter, Abp. of York, in Fofter, whofe pofterity fold it to Sir the R. of Hen. III. Sir Hugh-Cart- John Fenwick ; and his to Sir Will, wright and his pofterity had a leafe BJacket, Bt. whofe defeendant of the of it ; and it went by marriage of the fame name now enjoys it. A rivulet, laft Sir Hugh's daughter to a fon of called Hexbold, runs by the T. which the late Abp. Sterne. fometimes fuddenly overflows it. ^> HEXHAM, (Nortbumb.} near HEXTON, (Martf.) near Luton the conflux of the N. and S. Tyne, in Bedfordihire, famous for a battle 211cm. 276 mm. from London, had wherein the Danes were routed by a mon. once, with liberties fo large the Saxons, bel. anciently to the sb- that procured it the name of a fhire ; bey of St. Albans 5 whofe abbots were andbya&ofPt.intheR.ofHen.VIII. for 510 years patrons of its Ch. dedi- it was of itfelf made a Co. palatine, cated to St. Faith, whofe fbtue was It alfo was the fee of a Bp. but the erected over a fountain near the Ch.- diocefe was fo haraffed and ruined by yard, called St. Faith's- Wei). K. the Danes, that no man would accept Hen. VIII. after the Diff. granted the of the Bpk. and therefore it was uni- manor to Sir Richard Lee 5 whofe ted to Lindisfarn ; and the manor daughter carrying it by marriage to bel. to the Abps. of York, till they Edw. Sadlier, Efq^ he conveyed it to parted with thir right, in an x- his brother, Ha. Sadlier, who &ld is H E H E Jh 1593 to Pet. Taverner of Oxford- fhire. The place ftands at the foot of rocks, from whence iffue many fprings ; and betwixt it and Lv many burrows, or hillocks, fuppofed to lave been caft up for the bodies cf thofe flain in the battle above-men- tioned. HEYEARNJS, (Hartf.} en the r. Cole, S. W. of Yaidky,'is a member cf the manor of Bordefiey, goes now by the name of Iley-Aliil ; and Sir Clebcry Holt is Ld. of the manor. HEYBKIDGE, (Ejl'cx} en the r. oppofite to M.'.lden, was granted by K. Atheiftan to St. Paul's-Cathedral in London ; and had this privilege, in the R. of Ea\v. II that no purveyor of the K's. houfiiold ihould take any coin in its precindts. The D. and C. of St. Paul's prefent to its vicarage. HEYD^N and HEYDEN-ER IGG, (Ncrtb-.iKb.} once a member of the rr.snor of Lr.r.gley, bel. to Ld. Lacy of Cockermouth, who, in the R. of Edw. III. obtained a .Vlt. hcri on Tu. and a fair on St. Mary Ma?<'.".;:xs ; but it came afterwards to the Earls Piercy. HE YD OK, (Ejffex) not far from. Earkv. ay, in the read to Norwich, was anciently held by the Piggots of Not- tingham/hire, but afterwards palled by marriage to the Wiltfhires and Afplands ; from whoni it came to the Soames, and fince that to Sir Peter Soame, Bt. KEYFORU-PuacELi. and HKY- FORD-WARREN, (Oxf.) both fituate on the E. bank cf the Charwell, to the N. W. of Bicefter, were fo called from their ancient Los. the Purcells and Warrens. The latter went by marriage, in the R. of Edw. III. to the Lilies. It lies to the N. of the former ; and the reflory of its p. was fettled on Corpus-Chrifti-Coll. by its prefident Robert Mor.vent. HEYFOSP, UPPER and LOWER, (Nonwrap.) lies on that called the \Veitern- Water, to the N. of Bug- brook. The p. is noted for a mea- 4ow i it cftl about half a m. from the Roman w.y called V/atling-Street, where a curious chequered pavement was difccvereJ in 1699, exceeding ail ever betou found in England. It confuted of little bricks or tiles, artificially tinged \v.th uj, jxilo'.v, and blue, as fmooth as poiifhed marble, and ex- actly difpofed in a variety of regular figures. It \vas about 15 foot long, nnd is thought to have been the bu- rial-place of feme noble Roman fa- mily, that refided at Bennavenna in the neighbourhood, now Wedon in the Street. The late D. of Powis had a feat here. HEYWOOD, GREAT snd LJT- TI.E, ( Staff, ) en the E. fide of Stafford, near the influx of the Sow into the Trent, bel. formerly to the Bps. cf Coventry and Litchfieid; one of whom, in the R. of Hen. III. gave it to his valet, Rob. Afton, wholb defendants enjoyed it, 'till the R. of Edw. VI. fir-ce which it has bel. to the Lds. Facets. Bet. this place and Sov.'borough, or Shutbcrcugh, there is a hcrfe- bridge over the Trent, longer than any in England, having near 40 arches. 3- HICK LING, (Kirfo/i} in a marih-ground, not far frcin the fea, loo cm. 1 19 mm. from London, v.as granted in tail-fpecial, by Rich. III. to John Howard, whom he afterwards created D. of Norfoik. Here was formerly a priory. The Mt. is S. HICXLJNG, (Afar.) on the b. of Leiceftcrfhire, ne;r Over and Neiher- Droughton, was lately the efiate of Rich. Maunsfield of Leek, Efq. Some lands here formerly bel. to the priory of ThurgArton, which upon the DifT. were granted, by Ed-,v. VI. to Lionel Ducket and Edw. Whitchurch 5 but reverting afterwards to the crown, were granted by Q^Eliz. to Sir Tho. Crefliam. HIDE, (H.irtf.} in the p. ofAb- bati-Langky, to the N. W. of Lang- leybury, was granted by Hen. Vlil. Li fpecial tail to the D. of Norfolk ; but it has been long line; paffed to the H E H E he Greenhills of Harrow. Upon a death, or alienation of this manor, the heir, or purchafer, pays 6 d. an acre for a fine, and 10 s. for a her- riot. 'Tis called Welt-Hide, todif- tingui/h ir from the two following in the fame Co. vix, i. HIDE-HALL, upon a hill on the E. fide of the r. Stort, in the p. of Sawbridgworth, the feat and manor of Sir Strange Jocelyn, Bt. but an- ciently of the Mandevils and the Hides. It lies within the duchy of Lancafter. 2 HIDE-HALL in Sandon, which was called Oliver's, from one Oliver its Ld. in the R. of Hen. VI. It pafTed at length to the Hides, by whom the feat was here built, called Hide-Hall ; and in the R. of K. Jam. I. was fold to Sir Tho. Cheek, who conveyed it to Thomas E. of Ex- eter, as the E. 6-id to Sir Julius Cje- far. His fen fold it, in 1656, to Will. Franklin of Grays-Inn, who dying without iffue, it came to his only fifter and heirefs ; and, by her mar- riage, to Nicholas Miller 5 who was knighted by Cha. II. and fettled it on his fen Franklyn Miller. It had its prefent name from Q._Eliz, who was entertained here by one of the Hides. HIDE-HOUSE, (Hamf.) in the N. part of Winchefter, is an undemo- lifhed piece cf an old mon. where fome rcman-catholick gentry are ftill tolerated with refidence and where, it is faiJ, they have an oratory, and live according to the rules of St. Be- nedict. HIDE-PARK, (Mid.) reaches from the new buildings of London to Ken- fington, bet. the roads to Bath and Oxford, has a wall 6m. round, is well ftored with deer ; and, befides a r. lately cut in it, has a noble bafon of water, which ferves the aforefaid new buildings. HICHAM, ( Kent ) to the E. of Gravefend, near the Hope, bel. once to a nunnery founded here by K. Stephen. K. Hen. III. granted a Fair hers on Michacltnas-day, and z days after. At the Diff. K. Henry VIII. granted it to St. John's-Coll. in Cambridge for ever. HICHAM, (Leic.} S. of Bofworth, near the Watling-Street way, was a manor of the Aflleys, which paffed by marriage to Grey Marquifs of Dor- fet, and fo became the inheritance of the Greys cf Groby, Es. of Stamford. In 1607, there were found, by turning up a great ftone in this part of the Watling-Street, 2.50 filvcr coins of Hen. III. abot 3 d. each ; a gold ring, one of agate, and another of filver, wherein was a flat ruddy ftone, en- graven with Arabic characters ; be- fides great catch-hooks and keepers of filver, with links cf a great gold chain. There were alfo a or 3 pieces of filver coin of the Emperor Trajan. ^C HlGHAM-FERRIS, Or FER- RERS, (Ncrtkamp.) 51 cm. 59mm. from London, once one of the K's. manors, took the latter name from the Ferrers family, and bel. to the D. of Lancafter formerly, who had a caftle here near the Ch. the ruins of which are ftill vifible ; and the for- mer, from its fituation on a rifing ground, defcending to the Nen on the 'N.W. Henry Chicheley, Abp. of Canterbury, a native of this place, founded a college in it for fccular clerks and prebendaries, as likewife a hof. for the poor. 'Tis a lir.all, but clean, dry, healthful and pleafant T. and is a royal manor, as part of the duchy of Lancafter. It has a hand- feme Ch. with a lefty fpire. In the R. of Philip and Mary, it was made a Bor. and corp. confifting of a may- or, fteward, recorder, 7 aid. 13 ca- pital burgefies and commonalty, with power to fend one member to Pt. and has a fr. fc. befides the almfli. for 12 men, and i woman. The Mt. is on S. the Fairs Feb. 24, June 17, Sept. 20, and Nrv. 25. HIGH-CROSS, (Lcic.) nearSharn- ford and b. of Wai wickfhirc, had a high crofs fet up there formerly ; which \sas fucceeded by a high pofi erefted with props to fupport it, for a beacon H I H I beacon to alarm the Co. in cafe cf an invafion. The old Roman Wat- ling-ftreet is crofied here by the Fofie near the fcurce of the r. Soar. This place is thought to be the centre and the higheft ground of England. It was the ancient Benonis, and is noted for divers Roman antiquities. The Jate Earl of Denbigh, (whofe feat is near this road) and the nobility and gentry of the neighbourhood, erecled a fine crofs here in 1712, in memory of the peace of Utrecht. HIGHGATT., (Midd.} 4 m. on the N. fide of London, a chapel of eafi; to Pancras and Hcrnfey, is fo called partly from its high fituation, overlooking London and great part of Kent, Effex, and Hartfcrdihire, and partly from a gate fet up there abc\_- 400 years ago, to receive toll : Bp. of London, when the old miry road from Gray's-Inn-Lane to Bar- net was turned through the Bp's. park. This toll was farmed by Q._ Elizabeth, at 40 /. a veir. Where the chapel ftands was formerly an hermitage, and one of the hermits caufed a caufey to be made bet. High- gate and Iflington, by gravel dug out of the top cf the bilJ, where is now a pond. The Bp. of London pre- fented the hermits, the laft of whom was William Forts, prefented to the hermitage, in 1531, by Bp. Stokef- ley. Near the chap-1, in 1562, a fr. fc. was built and endowed by Ld. chief baron Cholmondeley, at his own private expence, but it was en- larged, in 1570, by Edwin Sandys Bp. of London, and a chapel added to it. There is a very fine hcufe here facing London, with a view of the Thames for 10 m. bel. Green- wich, built by the late Sir William Aihurft. HIGH-WEEK, (W.) ncarXew- ton-Buihel, is vulgarly pronounced as Hie. It ftands on the r. Teign. In the R. of Hen. III. it came to Robert Bulhel, in which name it re- mained nine defcents, and then went by marriage to Th o. Atyard. (^ HIGHWORTH, (WHtt) on a hill near the Vale of White-Horfe in Berks, is 60 cm. 73 mm. from London. It was formerly called a Bor. has a cattle Mt. on W. and Fairs Aug. i, and Sept. 29. It had the-honcur of giving title of Barcn to Sir Oliver St. John in the R. of Cha. I. and is governed by a mayor anj an aid. HILDERSHAM, (Caml.} near Lin ton and Horfeheath, bel. formerly to the Bufllcrs, and afterwards by rr.arriage, to the Piris family de- fcended from Matth. Paris our fa- mous hiftoiian. HILDERSXIIL, (Y'.rk. N. R.) to the S. W. of New-Maiton, is by feme called Hundred-Weil, from the .ntaias fpringing there. Here he E:-rcr.s vf Greyftcck, which beir.g burnt dew IT, the late Earl of Carlif.c built Cajlle- Howard in the room of it. HILDZRSTON, (Stnff.} on the E. fide of Store, bel. to the Kuj- glesfords in the P^. cf Edw. III. after which it became the efrate of Sir John Delves, by whofe daughter it went in marriage to the family of Sir Robert Sheffield, recorder of London. It was afterwards transferred to Mr. Robert Collier, whofe fon, James, fold it to Sir Gilbert Gerrard, ir.after cf the rclls. HILL, or HULL, (Ckc.} near the Severn, to the S. W. of Esrkley, the manor and feat of Sir EJw. Fi:ft, Bt. whofe anceftor, Rich. Fuft, Efq; purchsfed it of the city of London, about the R. of Q. cliz. HJI.L, (H'arw.) a part rf the ms::cr of Sutten-CcTefield, \vi an- ciently given to the priory of C. n. well, 'but at the DiiT. Henry VIII. granted it to Cardinal Wolley, who conferred it on that which was then called Cardinal, iir.ce Chriilchurch Coll. Oxford, it has its name frcm its lofty fituitlrn. HILL, (Warv>.) in the p. cf Lemington-Hafung, bel. heretofore to tbi r.icn. of Abingdon in B^rks, then H I H I then to the family of Haftang, and HILL.WOTTON, (JVaiiv.) near then to the Sraffcrds, one of whom Milverton, and i m. to the S. E. of fold it to Baron Trevor, who had it Wotton, of v. hich manor it ufed to in 1640. be reputed a member, had the fame HILL, or HULL, (Warvu.) fome- Lds. as that, '-7rw.) E. of Sir Edward's fon fold it. Bidford, neartheAvon, bel. once to HILTON-CASTLE, (Durham) by the abbey of Evcflinm, but in the the Were r. near Munck-Were- R. of Hen. III. it was verted in the mouth, bel. to the ancient family of Hubarts, or Hubards, who held it of the Hiltons, wherein is preferved to the Haftings Earls of Pembroke ; and this day the title of the Bifliops their poftcrity had it not very long Barons. ago, if they have it not ftill. HIMLEY, (Staff.) S.W. of Wol- HILLINGDON, GR. and LITT. verhampton, formerly bel. to the Ld. (Midd.) near Uxbridge. Its Ch. was Dudley. In this p. there is a blade- formerly given to the abbey of Evel- mill, at which, fcythes, reaping- ham, and afterwards to the Bps. of hooks, axes, hatchets, and the like Worcefter, and a vicarage was there- tools, having been forged by the upon ordained and endowed, anno white-fmiths, are ground to a fine 1281, the collation of which was edge. All thefe inftruments are made fettled at that time on the Bp. of of iron firft, foftened with fat un- London, as it has continued ever cluc-us bodies, as butter, oil, wax, fmce. In this Ch. lies buried John fuet, &c. for that ufe, as irons for Ld. Strange, who married Jaquetta carts, plowfliares, horfe-lockf, and fifter to Elizabeth Q^ of England, (hoes, nails and buckles, are of iron, wife of K. Edw. I. Meinhardt the hardened by art. late D. of Schomberg had a feat at HINCH ING BROOK, (Hunt.) am. Great-Hillingdon, as has Mr. Chet- from Huntingdon, had a nunnery wind fince at Little- Hiil:ngdon. built and endowed by William the HILL-MORTON, (I'/anv.) near Conqueror; and the Cromwell's fa- Rupfby, ftands on a rivulet that comes mily had a feat here, called Hinch- from ' Creek in Northamptonfhire, ingbrook-Houfe, which now bel. to and falls into the Avon below Clif- the Earl of Sandwich, who from ton ; part of it is on a hill, and part hence takes his title of Vifc. In on moorim ground, from whence it this houfe is one of the moft magni- has the name. It bel. heretofore to ficent rooms that is to be feen in the Aftleys, one of wham, in the England. R. of Hen. III. procured it a Mt. (^ HIKCKLEY, ( Leic. ) near onS. and a Fair at Miitfuwmcr for WatJing-Street way, 3m. from Bof- 3 d.iys. The Mt. was foon after nl- worth, 79 cm. 91' mm. from Lon- tered to IV. but in the R. of Edw. III. don, has a Mt. en M. and Fairs on it was changed again to Tu. Sir Ja. the 3d M. after Twelfth- day, and on cob Ailley lias a feat here, Aug. 1 5. The affixes were held here H I formerly, and a caftle was built here by Hugh Bigot, the firft Earl of Norfolk, which was therefore called Hugh's-Caftle, but there are no traces of it now, except feme trenches and rampiers caft up to a great height at the E. end of the Ch. The ma- nor was given to the mon. of Nun- Eaton, but at the Diffl Henry VIII. granted it to Edward Ld. Clinton and Say, and to Sir Robert Terwhite, who fold it to William Wightman, \vhofe heir held it in i6z2. ^c HINDON, (Wits) So cm. 94. mm. from London, is a ("mail Bcr. to the S.E. of Mere, with a Mt. on Ta. and Fairs on Feb. 2, M. before Wlitfunday, and Oil. 18. It is governed by a bailiff. {^> HINGHAM, (AV/.) in the- road from Attleborough to Derebam, JG cm. from Norwich, 80 cm. 94 mm. from London, has a Mt. en 5. It formerly bel. to the Mar- fhals, afterwards to the Lds. Morley, and from them by Lovel to the Parkers Lds. Morley ; but was pur- chafed by Sir Philip Woodhoufe, and was in the poflefiion of Thomas Ld. Crew, by his marriage with the wi- dow of Sir Tho. Woodhoufe. The inh. were 40 years ago reckoned a genteel fort of people, and fo fafliion- able in their drefs, that the T. was called by the neighbours Little Lon- don. Sir Oliver Ingham, Kt. of the Carter in the R. of Edward III. and his governor of Aquitain, lies buried here. HIKTLESHAM, (Suff.) bet. Had- Jey and Ipfwich, 3 m. from the for- mer, and 5 m. from the latter, was in the I4th century the manor and feat of the Timperleys, afterwards of Rich. 1'owis, Efq; and is now the feat of Sir Rich. Lloyd, K's. counfel, and one of the members for Ipf- wich. HI-XT ox* (Berts) to the N. E. f Farringdon, was the late Mr. Leader's feit,~and had once a caftle. HINTON, (Gkc.) in the p. of Pert am, near the r. Boyd, bel. an- H I ciently to the Rivers' s ; but being afterwards divided, one part was fold to Tho. White of Coventry, who, being mayor of Briftol, gave it to that corp.' in the R. of Hen. VIII. HJNTON-BROAD, (Wilti) 5 m. N. W. of Mariborough, bel. for- merly to William Ld. Compton, an- ceftor of the Earls of Northampton ; but in the R. of James I. was fold to Tho. Sutton, Efq ; \N ho fettled it on the Charter-houfe. HINTS, (Staff,) near the Black- Brook, which runs below it into Thame, on the W. fide of Tam- worth, formerly bel. to the Dethicks family, from whom it palled by mar- riage to the Bafiets of Blore. There is a large Roman tumulus near it turned into a hard rock. HINXWORTH, (Hartf.) in the rnoft N. corner of the Co. near A/h- vrell, bel. in the R. of Edw. III. to Sir Henry Garnet, of Benington in EfTex, and to Sir William le Baud of Li;tle-Hadham. It was afterwards fold to Mr. Bowles of Standon, and afterwards to Jafper Smith of Bed- ford/hire, who in the R. of Q^Eliz. conveyed it to Mr. Norwood, of Pinner by Harrow on the Hill, who fold it to Tho. Drayner, of Hoxtan in Middlefex ; and at laft it came to Sir Drayner Mafiingberd. This ma- nor, which is in the duchy of Lan- cafter, came, upon the death of the Lady Maflingberd, to their Con, who fold it to John Izzard, who left it to his fon Robert. 3* HIT CHIN, (Hartf.) 4 m. from Baldock, 30 cm. 35 rrrrn. from London, is, fays Mr. Norden, wlo wrote in Q!_ Elizabeth's time, more properly called Hitchcnd, becaufe of its former fituation at the end of a wood called Hitch, which does not reach fo far now. It has, fays he, a plentiful corn Mt. and a confi- dcrablc mr". of malt, governed by a bailiff and 4 conirables, a for the T. and a for the out-parts. There was then about the T. a irony matle, fitter for lime than manure, which being H I H I being mixed, however, with a fofter marie, that allb abounded there in his time, was a great help to the corn- fields. The manor was the ancient demefne of the Ks. of England, as it continues at this day, and it has been the dower of feveral of their Qs. It is at prefent leafed out by the crown, and Will. Bogdany, Efqj who has the grant of it, Jets out the profits to the collectors. The T. is reckoned the fecond in the Co. for number of ftreets, houfes, and inhabitants. It was formerly famous for the ftaplc commodities of the Km. and divers merchants of the ftaple of Calais re- lided here, fince which that trade is loft ; yet the inh. hold a Mt. here on Tu. by prefcription, free from toll for any grain fold here, and Fairs on Eafter-Tu. Wbttfon-Tu. and Oft. 13, paying piccage and ftallage to the Ld. of the manor. The charitable benefactions to the Ch. the fchool, and the poor of this p. are very nu- merous, here being 8 almihs. befides the fr. fc. Here were formerly two priories, the fite of one of which was granted after the Diff. to Edw. Wat- fon and Hen. Herdfon, who conveyed it to the Ratcliffs ; the fite of the other was given to John Coke, Efqj and his heirs, from whom it parted through divers hands to Jof. Kemp, 2 fchool-mafter of this T. who turn'd it into a fchool in 1655, and demifed the lands to charity. Here are three wards ; and the place is watered by a rivulet, called Hiz, which drives two mills here, and runs to Ikleford. sjc HITH, HIDE, or EAST- HI TH, {Kent} one of the cinque- ports, in the S. E. part of the Co. 49 cm. 67 mm. from London. King Alfred gave this manor to Chrift- church-Abbey in Canterbury, but afterwards it v.'ns in the hands of K. Hen. II. In this T. weie once 5 p. Chs. which are all demolifhed but one, for the T. has at times fuf- fered very great loffes. As its firft rife was owing to the decay of its eighbours, Limme and W. Hith, which were fo choaked with fand, that mips came hither, the fame fate befel this alfo, and made it almoir ufelefs. In the R. of Henry IV. numbers of its inh. were cut off by a peftilence, 200 of their houfes con- fumed by fire, and five of their mips funk at fea, with the lofs of 100 men ; fo that the people were going to abandon the T. had not the K. by his charter generoufly releafed to thm, for five turns next following, their fervice of 5 (hips of 100 men, and 5 horfe, which they were to have furniihed out, and kept at their own charge, in the K's. wars, for 15 days. It was firft incorporated by the name of Barons of the T. and port of Hith ; but the government was afterwards changed, and the Abp. of Canterbury appointed a bai- liff and jurats to govern it. It was incorporated by Q^Eliz. with the name of the mayor, jurats, and commonalty of the T. and port of Hith, who, with the freemen, elect the members of Pt. The mayor is chofe yearly on Candlemas-day. Here is a Mt. on 5. and 2 Fairs, -vixs. June 29, and November 20. Here are 2 hofs. one founded by a native of it, who was Bp. of Rochester irj the R. of Edw. III. for 10 poor men, both under the government of the mayor and jurats ; and here is a ch. ic. for 38 boys. From hence to Canterbury is a paved Roman mili- tary-way, called Stony Street j and at -A little diilance from hence are the remains of the walls of a caftle, which included 10 acres. There is a remarkable pile of dry bones in the T. 28 feet long, 6 broad, and 8 high, they are kept in a vault ur.der the Ch. in as good order as books in a library, confifting of feveral thcufaad heads, arms, legs, thigh-bones, clff. feme very gigantic, and appear by an inscription to be the remains of the D-ines and Britons killed in a battle near this place, before the Norman Conqueft. A particular providence happened here, April 24, 1739, to L about H O H O about JO perfons, who while they were waiting in the Ch. -porch for the keys, to go up into the fteeple for a view, it fell down with 6 bdls in it, but they happily received no damage. From hence to Boulogne is reckoned the ihorteft cut to France. HOCKERTON, (Netting.) to the K.E. of Southwell, bel. formerly to the Botelers. In Rich. IPs time it pafied to John de Bridgfcrd, and from him through the hands of Bowman and Alford to Sir John Dunham, Kt. by purchafe } from whom it went by marriage to the Leighs family, of vhom Sir Edward fold it to Mr. Boon, &e. who conveyed it to Dr. Moor. Several parcels of this ma- nor have at times been given to reli- gious ufcs. ^ HODDESDOS, (Hartf.} on the r. Lea, is a great thoroughfare in the N. road, 1 8 cm. 19 mm. from London, and a hamlet in the ps. of Amwell and Brock/bourn. It was in the R. of Edward I. the manor of Stephen de Bafmgburn ; and that of Ld. Parr, afterwards Marquis of Northampton, in the R. of Hen.VIII. who granted it a Mt. on Tb. and a Fair on St. Peter s, for three days. Q._Eliz. granted a grammar-fchool to be kept here, and incorporated it with privileges. The manor came at length to Robert Earl of Salifbury, the prefcnt Earl's ance&or. Here is a clock-houfe, the remains of an an- cient chapel. An almfh. was founded here in the R. of Hen. VI. by Rich. Rich, fheriff of London, the anceftor of the Earl of Warwick. H O D N E L L, Or HoDENHULL, [H'ariv.} near Ladbrook, and the fource of the Ichene. It was once a large populous T. and had a Ch. Creat part of the manor bel. for- merly to the rr.ons. of Nun-Eaton and Combe. At the DiH". William Catefby, fon of Sir William, ob- tained that part of it which bel. to the mon. of Combe ; the other part was purchafed from the cro\\n -by John Spenfer and Thomas Braunce- field, who fold it to Tho. Wilkes, a merchant of the ftaple. It came afterwards by marriage to Erafmus Dryden, father of Sir John. There is a handfome large houfe here built by the Rayneys, who had an eftate here, and enlarged by the late John Mead, Efq;. (d* HODNET, (Sa!'jp) Il6cm. 135 mm. from London. It ftands near the r. Tern, and was formerly inhabited by gentlemen of its name, from whom by the Ludlows it pafled by inheritance to the Vernons. It was formerly held of the honour of Montgomery, by the fervice of being fteward of that honour. HODSOKES, (Nutt.) near Blith, has a manor of about 4000 acres, at 744 /. a year, which bel. to Sir Robert Clifton, Bt. and Kt. of the Bath. HoKE-NoRTox, ( Ltic. ) near Twicrofs, lies on the N.W. fide of Bofworth, and for many generations bel. to the Grieflys. g^ HOLBECH, (Line.} 84 cm. 98 mm. from London, has a Mt. on Tb. and Fairs on the firft Tb. in May, and on the ad of Sept. for cattle, corn, and flax. HOLBECK, (Neit.) bel. to the T. of Cokeney, which being inter. mixed with the manor of Wocd- houfe, was therewith fettled by the Bp. of Ely on the abbey of Weibeck. At the Diff. it was granted by Henry VIII. to Gcprge Pierpoint, Efq; in whofe pofterity, now Ds. of Kingfton, it continues. HOLCOMB, (Dci'tn.) near St. Mary's Ottery, was many genera- tions in the name of Malherfcc, till the time of Edward PV. when John Moore had it, in whofe pofterity it remained till the R. of (^Elizabeth, when it became the mancr and feat of Mr. Eveleigh. HOLCOMB-BURNEI., (DcV'.n.) on the S. W. fide of Exeter, near the fource of the Ken, which falis into the Ex, has a park, with a handfome houfe built by Sir Tho. Dennis. KOLCOT, H O H O Hot COT, (BcJf.) near Afpley- Guife. Its Ch. was rebuilt by Rich. Chernock, Efq; anceftor of Sir Bo- tcler, the prefcnt Bt. ( who has a feat here) at his own Expence, as well as his manlion-houfe. HOLBECK, (York. W. R.) near Leeds, bel. to the priory of the Tri- nity at York, but at the Ref. to Sir Arthur Darcy, from whofe family it palled to the Ld. Vifc. Irwin, it be- ing purchafed of K. James I. by Sir Arthur Ingram, his anceftor. The Andertons family had an efrate here, from the 4th of Philip and Mary, to 1676. HOLDENBY, (Nortbamp.) near Aithorp, where a magnificent feat was built by Sir Chriftopher Hatton, Ld. Chanc. and Kt. of the Garter in theR. of Q^Eliz. It was after- wards one of the palaces, but for above three months the prifon, of K. Cha. I. who was brought hither from Ncwcaftle, after being fold by the Scots, till Cornet Joyce took him away by force, and carried him to the army. In the R. of Cha. II. this place gave the title of Baron to Lewis Duras, afterwards Earl of Fe- verlham. Ic became the property of the late victorious Duke of Marl- borough, and was part of the join- ture of the Marchionefs of Blandtbrd, relict of his grandfon ; but it is now turned into a farm-houfe. HOLDERNESS, (York. E. R.) is a large promontory in the S. E. fide of the Co. /hooting out into the fea, at the mouth of the Humber, which has anciently given title of Earl to feveral noble families, as it does now to the Darcys. HOLDITCH, (Devon.) in Ford- Abbey p. did bel. to Ld. Cobham, but after his attainder, was by K. James I. beftowed on Charles Ld. Montjoy, whom he created Earl of Devon. HOLZ, (Devon.) near Clovelly- Harbor, formerly the manor of the Holes, but being mortgaged to a ifiew at Exeter, was feized by Hen. III. and redeemed by Richard Beaple, by whofe fon's daughter ic defcended to the Ld. Harrington. HOLEY, (Hartf.) near Amwell, did bel. to Dr. Sprainger, whofe daughter fold it about 1689 to James King, brewer, at Whitechapel, Lon- don. Ho LOOT, or HOUI.DCATE- CASTLE, (Salop) anciently bel. to the Mauduits, who obtained a Mt. here, long fince difufed. In the R. of Edw. I. it was the Ld. Burnel's. In the R. of Hen. VII. it was Francis Vifc. Lovel's, who forfeiting it, it was granted to Jafper D. of Bed- ford. HOLKHAM, (Norf.) near the fea, 2 m. from Wells, was formerly tha eftate of Ld. Willoughby of Erefbc-y, by marriage of the daughter of John Ld. Nevil of Raby. A falt-marfh extends from hence to Stifkey. The Earl of Leicefter has a feat here. HOLLAND, (Lane.) on the W. fide of Wigan, gave name to the noble family of Hollands, who were Dukes of Exeter, and Earls of Hol- land and Surry ; and had formerly a piiory. HOLLAND, (Line.) in the S. E. part of the Co. is a tract that was recovered from the fea in feveral centuries, by a Dutch colony 5 and Camden fays it takes its name from the Dutch province in the Nether- lands, to which it exactly agrees in fituation, foil, and other circum- ftances, the very ditches being navi- gable, th- people paffing from one T. to another in boats, by the ca- nals ; but others think it derived from the Saxon, peate, derp, be- caufe it lies Ib deep, that were it not defended from the fea by the banks, it would be foon overflowed by it. This fen country reaches from Wainfleet to the Ille of Ely, and to the grounds oppofite to Lynn in Nor- folk. It is divided into Upper and Lower, the latter of which was un- pafTable j but fince the fens have beea drained, the lands are grown more Z > felid, H O H O IcVicI, and the inh. fow cc!e-fee<3 upon them to their great profit. Theft tens arc much frequented by the Bittern. Here are many quickfands, and great want of frefii water. This divifion of the Co. gives the title of E. to a branch of the,family of Rich, de- fcended from the Es. of Warwick ; and the title of Warwick was joined to that of Holland, in the perfon of Robert, grandfather to the prefent nobie Ld*. Edw.-Henry, ftiled E. of Warwick and Holland. HOLLAND-HOUSE, (MitM.) neat Kenfmgton, the feat of the honourable Henry Fox, Efq; fecretary at war. It did bel. to the anceftors of the noble E. laft mentioned, as it does now to Mr. Edwards in Wales. HOLLESLEY, (/.) near Orford- Nefs, bel. formerly to the Uffords, and went by marriage to Edward de Montacute. HOLM, (Noft.) on the Trent, a hamlet cf North-Mu/kam, bel. to Rufford-Abbey till the Ref. when Hen. VIII. gave it to George E. of Shrewsbury. It bel. not a great v hile ago, 'to Sir Tho. Barton, whofe ;.nceftpr, a merchant of the flaple, tmilt a handfome houfe here, and a rhapel as big as many p. Chs. In the windows cf the houfe he caufed thefe verfes to be fet, as an acknow- ledgment of the Divine blefling, which attended the means whereby tK get h;s efi:te, vix. 11 I thank God, and ever /hall, " It is the fheep that paid for ali." The eilate was lately in the poiTefiion cf Ld. BelleCs, fometime governor of Newark. HOLM, or Ho M ME, (Hcref.} bet. Webley and Dihvin, is a hill almoft furrounded by a brook, where is a f-o^d old houfe, which has been the uat and manor of the late Ld. Car- penter and his family, above 400 CafUe.' David I. K. of S<: founded the abbey. This par- country was, at the conqueir, a larg: foreft. HOLM in Spalding-Moor, (York. E. R.) am. S. W. from Wighton, is the featj of Ld. Langdale, to whom it gives title of Baron, as it did to his anceftor, Sir Marmaduke, who was created a Baron by K. Cha. II. in his exile, and the firft perfcn he advanced to the peerage. This place gives name to one of the divifions of the E.R. HoLM-PlERPOJNT, (Nott,) on the E. fide of Nottingham and the Trent, has been Icng the manor and feat of the Pierpoints Ds. of Kingfton, from whofe family the T. has its name ; and who are defcended from Sir Henry Pierpoint, who married the heirefs of the family of Manners, its ancient Lds. HOLMSDALT, Or HOLMWARD, (Surry) is a vale beneath Box-Hill, of feveral ms. in length, as far as Kent ; in the woody part of which are often found out-lying red deer. 'Tis now overgrown with furz, and ufed to pro- duce fuch quantities of ftrawberries, that they were carried to Mt. by horfe- loads. 'Tis laid, that this place was, in ancient days, the retreat of the na- tive Britons, whom the Romans could never drive out ; and that it alfo wel- tered the Saxons from the Danes, who were routed here, in the time of Edw. the elder, by the Kenti/h men ; which gave occafion to the following diftich. " This is Holmfdale, " Never conquer'd, never fhall. This country, though wild ftill, and with tiie fame barren afpedt in many p'mces as it had 1000 years ago, yet in others it is cultivated, and has ron -Js palTable enough in the fummer quite through it en every fide, the woods being in a great meai'ure cleared HOLM-ABBTY, or HOLM-CUL- ^/HpLT/A^r/.)i6cm.fromNor- UM. (Cmb.\ to the E, of WulfU'- \viO.97tm. i i6mm, t'romLondon,had the H O H O the grant of a Mt. from Edw. II. on T. which is fince changed to 5. Its Fairs are June 1 1 and Oft. 18. Two brothers, by the name of Greiham, natives of this place, were both mer- cers of London, and alfo its lord- mayors, the one in 1537, the other in 1547. HOLT, (Wanv. ) near Studley, bel. heretofore to the Kts.-templars and hofpitallers. In the R. of K. Hen. VIII. it was palled from the crown to Sir EJm. Knighdey. In that of Ed\v. VI. it was in the pof- feflion of Henry Rifhton, whofe fon conveyed it, in the R. ofQ^Mary, to Ralph Rifliton, who parted it to Sir John Southworth. HOLT, (Wilts] near Bradford, in the road from Salisbury to Bath, is noted for a medicinal ipring difco- vered there in 1718, effectual in the cure of the fcui vy, CTV. HOLT-CASTLE, (U'~oi\-.}j;n the r. Severn, near D.'oit-.v ich, anciently bcl. to the Eeauchamps Es. of War- wick. From them it went, by mar- ri.ig-,-, to the Paunceforts and Wy(h- sms, as it did from them afterwards to the Pcniftons and Guiles. In the R. of <^_Eliz. it was the eftate of Sir John Bourn ; from whom it defcended to the Bromleys, Sir Tho. Bromley, her Ld.-Chanc. having purchafed it j but it is fince parted to the Bromleys of Cambridgeshire. HOLY-ISLAND, (Nortbumb.) on the N. E. fide of the Co. near Ber- wick, fo called by the Monks who lived in it to retire from the world, was anciently a Bp's. fee by the name of Landisfern, by reafon of its fitua- tion over-againft the r. Landi, and had zz Bps. fucceffively. It has plenty of fiih and fowl, but the air and foil are bad. It is jm. in com. and has a T. a Ch. and a caftle j which laft was furprized and taken, in 1715, by the Erringtons and others, for Mr. Fofter, the pretender's gene- ral, but was foon inverted and re- taken by a detachment from Berwick. Bcdc calls this a femi-ifle, being en- ccmpafll-d indeed with water at every flood, but fand at ebb. It lies not above I m. and haJf from the land ; from whence, at low water, people ride over to it. Un.ier the T. there is a commodious harbour, defended by a fort on a hill to the S. E. The W. part is left wholly to the rabbets. "I'is joined to the E. part, which is much the broadeft, by a fmall flip of land. Ho MESBURY-HIL L ,(Srry ) near Box-Hill, is in the p. of Uarking, and has the traces of a camp of about 10 acres ; from which there is a noble profped over the Wilds into Kent and Sullex, as far as the fea, and to Hindhead-Hill in Hampihire. HONINGTON, ( ifartu. ) near Shipton upon Stour, was given, in the R. of Edw. the Conf. to the ab- bey of Coventry ; and after the Dirt"* was fold to Rob. Gibbs, to hold of the crown in capite ; and in 1640, it was in the poile/fton of his great grandfon, Sir Henry. Sir Hen. Par- ker, Bt. and Jof. Townfhend, Efqj have feats here. ^c HONITON, (Devon.} 126 cm. 156171111. from London, in the road from it to Exeter, ftands near the r. Otter (ovr which it has a bridge) in the bell and pleafanteft part of the Co. and has a view of the adjacent coun- try, which abounds with corn and palture, and is the moft beautiful land/kip perhaps in the world, almoft all the way to Exeter, which is 12 m. 'Tis an ancient Bor. by prefcription, and governed by a portreeve, who is chofe yearly at'the'court of the Ld. of the manor. 'Tis a populous well- built T. having a channel of clear water running through its main ftreet, with a dipping place at every door ; and it is remarkably paved with fmall pebbles. The p.Ch. being half a m. from the T. upon a hill, the gentry ride to it on horfeback, or in coaches j for whofe conveniency there are fta- bles erected near the Ch.-yard. There was an old chapel in the T. which being ruinous, a new one was built in z 3 i743 H O H O 1743. Here was the firft forge mf. Robeit Cecil E. of Salisbury, vtafe in Devonfhire ; but the people are ion, Robert, Ibid it to Sir Edv. nd row chiefly employed ia the mf. of Hales. Jace, the broadeft that is made in HOOK-NORTON, (O.tf.'J to the England, of which great quantities N-.E. 0f Chippihg-Nortoti. Whether are fent to London, A ch. fc. for it was ever a royal village, as has 30 boys was founded here in 1713; been faid by Florence of Worcester and about a quarter of a m. out of the hiftorian, Carnden fays, it was the T. on the E. fide of the road to formerly inhabited by fuJh clowns Exeter, there is an hof. for 4 lepers, and churls, that it was called Hogs- vrhich was founded and endowed by Norton. About the beginning of the Tho. Chard, an abbat, with a hand- loth century the Danes made a fad feme chapel to it. The governor /laughter of the Englifli here under and patients are put in by the reftor, Edmund the Elder, church-warden?, and cverfeers of the HOOTHORP, (Noithamp.} en the p. and by a regulation in 1642, o- r. Welland, N. E. of Bofworth, the ther poor patients are admitted, as manor of Sir Edw. Villicrs, the an- weil as lepers. Before the R. of K. ceftor of the late D. of Buckingham, John its Mt. was kept on Sunday, and of the late Vifc. Grandifon in but then it was changed to 5. and Ireland. It went by marriage to Geo. here is a Fair July 20. The manor Bathurft, Efq; the grandfather of A 1- tiid anciently bel. 'to the Earls of De- Ian, who was created Ld. Bathurft von, and is itill part of the eftate of in 1711. the Courtneys of Powderhsm-Caftle, HOOT ON, (Cbejb.') on the S. W. a younger branch of their family, of Frodfham, near Stanlaw, at the The lift of members of Pt. for this N. entrance of the VVirral, is a goodly T. begins the 28th of Edward I. but manor, with a park, which has been the privilege of eleding them was the feat of the Stanleys ever fince difcontinued, till it was rcftored in the R. of Cha. II. and is now that the i6th of Cha. I. A dreadful fire of Sir Rowland Stanley, Bt. Cam- happened here July 19, 1747, by den fays, it fell to the Stanleys in the which three parts of the T. were time of Rich. II. ccnfumed, and the damage was com. HOOTON-LOVET, PAINTL, and puted at 43,000 /. ROBERT, (York. W. R.) are three HONNINGHAM, (Wanv.} near villages bet. Barnfiey and Doncafter, fo Dunfmore-Heath and the r. Leame. called from their feveral ancient Lds. The manor bel. formerly to Sir Wai- Hooton-Painel afterwards came to tev Cokefey, but pafied by marriage the Nevils, and Hocton-Robert fell fo the Grevils in the R. of Edw. IV. by marriage to Wentworth of Went- from whom it came in that of worth Woodhoufe, and was a feat Henry VII. to Robert Winter, by of the late Ld. Malton. whom it was conveyed to John Un- HOPE, (Kent'] in the Thames, dcrhill, who paffed it in the next R. by Tilbury-Fort, bet. Gravefend and to Jchn Acard, &c. but it was af- the Buoy in the Nore, is the place tcr wards fold to Rich. Newport, who where merchant-fhips ufually lie for dying in the R. of Q^Eliz. left it to their difpatches. William his fon. HOPE-KEY, (Devon.} is in Big. Hco, (Kent} near the Medway, bury-Bay, near St. Michael's Rock, to the N. E. of Stroud, was given where the Avon runs into the fea, by Henry VII. to Sir Henry Wyat, bet. the Start-Point and Plymouth, whofe grandfcn, Sir Thomas, for- Here is plenty of pilchards taken in feiting it by his rebellion, it was in the ieafon, the crown till fames I. graLted it to 3 HOPS. II O H O HOPSFORD, (Warw.) in the p. of Withibrook, bcl. from the R. of Edward III. to that of Hen. VI. to the Catefbys, then to Sir Hum. Staf- ford, whole fon being attainted, it fell to the crown, and was granted by Hen. VII. to Sir Will. Vampoge. In the R. of Hen. VIII. it was con- veyed to Sir Edw. Belknap, who fold it in the R. of Q^Eliz. to Richard Wright. HOPTOV, (Staff.) by the Trent, near Ingeftre, and 2 m. from Staf- ford, formerly bel. to the Pefhalls, from whcrn it went by marriage to the Blounts, of whom Sir George gave it to his nephew, Rowland La- con of Welley. Hop TON, (Suff.) on. the banks cf the Oufe, N. W. of Buddefdale, bel. in the R. of Edward I. to the abbey of St. Edmund/bury, and in the R. of Edw. IV. to Henry Bour- chierEarlofEfFcx. KORBURY, (Tcrk. W. R.) near Wakefield, to which it is a chapelry, bcl. heretofore to the priory of Lewes in Suflex. HORDLEY, (Salop] on the S. fide of Ellefmere, wns the feat of that branch o( the Kinaftons who match'd with the Herds family. HORZCROSS, (Staff.) in the p. of Bromley-Regis, has a good feat with a park, which bel. to the Jate Mr. Humphry Weils, and after his death fell to his nephew. HORESTON-GRANGE, (War-M.} part of the Lp. of Nun-Eaton, to whofe mon. it once bel. and was therewith parted in the Reign of Hen. VIII. to Sir Marmaduke Con - ftable, who fold the Grange to John Fiftier, and he left it to his coufins and heirs, Kath. Norwood and Anne Wolrich ; but die lands called Hore- fton-Fields , v.'ith Horefton-Wood, were fold by Sir Marmaduke's heir, Robert, in the R. of Queen Eliz. to Stephen Hales, Efq;. HOREWELL, (Wanu.) on the S. E. fide of Coventry, near Brandon- Caftle, bel. cr.ce to the monks of Stonely. It was by charter of K. Hen. VI. included in the Co. of the city of Coventry. HORLEY, (Surry) near Charl- \yood, S. E. of Ryegate, had once a caftle on Thunderfield-Common in this p. that inclofed near 2 acres, which are fince fo overgrown with wood and thorns, that there is hardly " ' s foundation. ORMEAD-GR EAT, (Hartford.) I m. and half E. from Layfton Ch. has its name from its mead, and th brook which feeds the r. Qujn. This manor came to John Turner in 1696, by the death of his father, Barnard Turner, cf London, goldfmith, who- purchased it of Thornton Cage ; and it is now defcended to Anthony, fon of the (aid John Turner. HoRMEAD-LlTTLE, (Hartfor.) half am. S. from the former, \v is granted by Edw. III. to the abbey of St. Mary- Grace near the Tower of London ; but.Hen. VIII. granted it to Sir Tho. Audley, and his heirs, from whom it pafled to Thomas D. of Norfolk, who fold it to Edward Newport of Forneux Pelham, froni whom it defcended to William New- port, and now to John Newporr. They are both on the N.E. fide of Buntingford. Hormead-Hall was fold by Francis Delawood to Tho. Boneft of Putney, whofe grandfon, Thomas, fold it again to Will. Delawood, who left it by will to Ilaac and Abraham Houbion, and it is fince defcended to Jacob Houbion, Efq;. HORN, (Rutl.) to the E. of Bwr- leigh on the Hill, was formerly a p. but now only a fine cure. It bel. to the Harringtons from the R, of Q._ Mnry to that of K. James I. when the fifters and coheireues of John the laft Ld. Harrington, of Exton, con- veyed it to Sir Baptift Hickes, whofe daughter carried it by marriage to Edward Ld. Noel, in whofd honour- able family it was lately, if it be not ftil]. 83= HORNBY, (Lane.) on the r. Lon. cr Lose, almoft at the extre. jnity H O H O mlty of the Co. next to Weftmore- hnd, had a caftle, a fine building, \\ hich was the feat of the Lds. Monteagle, a branch of the Stanleys tarls of Derby, and fince of the Parkers, one of whom marrying into that family, had, in the R. of Ja. I. the fame title conferred upon him ; and it was this nobleman by whofe means the gun-powder plot was dif- covered. Here is a Mt. on M. It is now the feat of Charles Weem. HORNBY-CASTLE, (J near the r. Swale, 5 m. from Rich- mond, was the manor and feat of the family of St. Quintin, from which it palled to that or Coniers Lds. Darcy, and from thence by marriage with one of Sir John Ccniers's daughters to Rich. Ld. Lumley. It is now the feat of the Earl of Holdernefs. J^> HORN CASTLE, (Ll'rlC.) 104 cm. 122 mm. from London, is a large well-built T. on the r. Bane. It had a caftle, from the architecture of which, and from the Roman coins that are fometimes turned up in the fjround near it, it is thought to have bten a camp or ftation of the Ro- raans. The com. of the caftle was about 20 acres. It is a figniory of thirteen Lps. which were given by Rich. II. to the Bp. of Carlifle and his fuccefibrs, after the Scots had drove him from Rofe-Caftle in Cum- berland, and robbed him of his re- venues. In thefe Lps. there are fe- vcral chapels for the convenience of the inh. who are at too great a di- ftance from the mother Ch. The Mt. is on 5. and Fairs June 1 1, and ,4'jg-ufl 10. The T. is almoft fur- rounded with water. H era N c H u R c H, (EJJex) near Rumford, is a very large p. in Ha- vering liberty, containing 7 wards. It was formerly called Horn-Mona- ftery, becaufe a huge pair of leaden horns are fattened to the E. end of it, which, according to tradition, were placed there by a certain K. who its former name, Here. Church, fo called becaufe it was built by a whore, to attone for her fins, made this light exchange, and fct up the horns. Horn-Church - Hall, a confiderable manor in this T. bel. to Trinity-Abbey at Caen in Normandy, but was afterwards fettled by William of Wickham Bp of Win- chefter on New Coll. Oxford. 8C^ HORN-DON ON THE HILL, ( E Jfix) 2* cm. 25 mm. from Lon- don, has a Mt. on 5. and a Fair J:ine 29. It irands near a r. which falls not far off into the Thames, where it is called the Hope. HORNINGSHEATH, GREAT and Li T T L E, (%f.) ntar St. Edmundf- bury, of whole abbot it was formerly a country feat, now is that of Sir Jermyn Davers, Bt. HOBNSEY, in old records HAP. INGAY, (Midd.) 5m. N. of Lon- doa. Its Ch. whereof Highgate is a hamlet, is fuppofed to be built with the ftones that came rom Lodge -H ill, the Bp. of London's hunting-feat in his park here ; it having been his nu- nor from the moft ancient times. ^ HORN-SKY, ( r-rk. E. R. ) ' 1 50 cm. 175 mm. from London, is almoft furrounded by a fmall arm of the ocean. The Ch. having a high fleeple, is a notable fea-mark, Not very many years ago there was a frreet here, called Hornfey-Beck, all wafhcd away by the fea, except one or two houfes ; and they fay the fame fate happened to Hide, a vil- lage on the N. fide of the T. Its Mt. is on M. On the S. W. fide of it is Hornfey-Meer. HOR RING HAM, (JVs/r.) on the Trent, bet. Nottingham and New- ark. Its proper name is Hovering- ham, a family of which name were Lds. of it in the R. of Henry III. &c. from which it paifed to that of Goulhil, and from thence by mar- riage to Anth. Wingfield, and from him to Thomas de Hotot, who gave this manor to the mon. of Thurgar- ton. K. Hen. VIII. fettled it upon Trinity Coll. Cambridge ; and the family H O H O family of Cooper have been tenants of it almoit ever fir.ce. HORSEFORD, (Nirf.) bet. Nor- wich and Oulton, formerly bel. to the Claverings, then to the Uffords, and afterwards to the Lds. Dacres, one of whom, viz.. Gregory Ld. Dacres had a grant of it from Q._ Eiiz. it having been forfeited to the crown in the R. of Hen. VIII. by kis father's being convicted of mur- der. The Q._ granted the reverfion of it to Ld. Burleigh and the Earl of Leicefter. Here were once a caftle and a park. HORSFORTH, (York. W.R.) di- vided only by a brook from Leeds, has for fome years been a feat of the Stanhopes. Kirkftal-Abbey had much land here formerly. ^c HORSHAM, (Suffix) 28 cm. 35 mm. from London, about 3 m. from the main road to Arundel from London, has its name from Horfa, brother to Hengift the Saxon. It was anciently a Lp. of the Howards Ds. of Norfolk, till forfeited to the crown by the attainder of John D. of Norfolk in the R. of Hen. VII. and given to Tho. Weft Ld. Dclawar. It is one of the largeft Ts. in the Co. has fent members to Pt. ever fmce the 3Oth of Edw. I. and is the place where the Co. -gaol is held, and often the aflizes. It is a Bor. by prefcrip- tion, with the title of 2 bailiffs and burgage-holders within and without the Bor. &c. who elect the mem- bers of Pt. and they are returned by the bailiffs choie yearly by a court- Icet of the Ld. of the manor, who return 4 candidates to the fteward, and he nominates 2 of them for the office. Here is a very fine Church, and a well endowed fr. fc. Great ftore of poultry is bought up for London at its Mt. ( which was granted by K, John) en S. and it has a patent alfo for a monthly Mt. Its Fairs are May 3, M. before Whitsunday, June 24, July 7, for 9 days, and A'cf, 19. Here is a quarry of very good ftone, either for tiling or flooring. Hos SHAM ST. FAITH'S, (Kerf.) is fo called becaufe it joins on the E. fide with Si. Faith's. Here was for- merly a priory, the fite of which, and all the ftructures, were granted by K. Hen. VIII. to Sir Rich. Southwell of Woodrifm<*, and were lately in the hands of Sir John Hobart, now Earl of Buckingham/hire. HORSHEATH, (Cami.) near Lin- ton, bel. for many generations to the ancient and noble family of Ailing- ton, but fmce came to the Bromlcys, and was purchafed by the anceftor of the prefent Ld. Mountford. Part of this p. retains the name of Jacob's- Manor, from William Jacob who re- fided here in the R. of Henry VIII. This part of the Co. abounds with melilot, whofe feeds mix fo much with the corn in their lands, that it gives a tafte to their bread, which is very difagreeable to Grangers. HORSHILL, (Surry) which in the Maps is called HOB s TEL, was the Lp. of the late Denzil Onflow, Efq; of Purford, the next p. On the heath in this p. are ^ round hills or barrows, fuppofed to have been the burial-places of fome commanders killed hereabouts in battle. HORSLEY-HEATH, (Sta/.} in the p. of Tipton, i m. S. of Ecclef- hal-water, has potters clay and a reddifh earth, called flip, with which they paint the veffels made at Wed- ne/bury. HOR SLE Y, or HOR K s L E Y, (E/tx) W. of Dedham, had formerly a pricry, which was a cell to Thet- ford, and was given to Cardinal Wol- fey, towards erecting his colleges in Oxford and Ipfwich. HORSLEY, E. and W. (Surry) bet. Leathcrhead and Guilford, are about i m. afunder. In E. Horfley there was a priory. W. Horfley was formerly the eftate of the Lds. Ber- ners j but in the R. of James I. it was the manor and feat of Carev.-, the H O H O the fon of Sir Walter Raleigh. It afterwards paffcd to Ld. Montacute of Cowdrey, who mortgaged it to John Evelyn, Efq; and fold it out- right to Mr. Carew, of whole de- fcendants it was bought by Sir Edw. Nicholas, fecretary of ftate, \vhofe grandfon did lately, if he does not frill, enjoy it. HORSMUNDEN, (Kent') on the W. fide of the r. almoft oppofite to Goudhurft, was the patrimony of the Rokefleys, from whom it palled to the Poynings, Darvils, and Befwicks, whofe heir gave it by will to Mr. Haughton. HOR TON, (Nortbamp.} 4m. from Northampton, was the feat of Will. Parr, uncle to K. Henry VIII's Q._ who was afterwards created Ld. Parr of Horton, and buried in its p. Ch. and is now the feat of the Earl of Halifax. HORTON, (Staff."} is a fine large manor, which takes up almoft all the land bet. Endon-Water and the r. Churnet, and is therefore called Horton-Court. In the R. of Hen. III. it belonged to the Audleys. The Earls of Bath had i-jd of this ma- nor in the laft century, and the other a parts remained in the family of the Touchets, till about the be- ginning of the laft century, when the Ld. Audley Touchet fold them to Egerton, Wallgrange and Wedge- wood of Heracles. At Horton-Bay, a hamlet in this p. there were at one goodman Stanton's four generations, all living at one time in the fame houfe, and eating at the fame table. HOR TON-CASTLE, (Nortbutr.b.) near Woller, bel. once to a family of the Grays, of whom Sir Robert Gray, whofe daughter was married to Robert Ld. Ogle, held it in the R. of Henry VI. Some lands and tenements in this p. which bel. to Newinfter- Abbey, were given by Hen. VIII. to John Carr. HOR WELL, (Devon.} on the r. Fortoit, a little W. of Crediton, bel. to the Pries, an ancient and genteel family, who haw matched into many others of worth, and which was never known to have produced a younger brother for many generations, till in this century ; fo that the name is fcarce to be heard of but here. Hos WOOD, (Devsa.) on the S.W. fide of Barnftaple, was heretofore the eftate of the Cornu's, and then of the Pollards, from whom the Pol- lards of Newnam-Ccurtney in Ox- ford/hire are defcended. HOUGH AM, (Kent] near Dover, was anciently the leat of a family of that name, but it came by marriage to the Herons, one of whom fold it to Phineux, in which name it con- tinued many generations. Little- Hcugham, another mnnor juft by it, was formerly the property of the BsuTings, who held it to the R. of Hen. VI. and then conveyed it to the Clives, from whom it palled thromh the heirs of Hextal and Whetenhal to John Bcis, Efq;. HOUGHTON ON THE SPRING, (Durham) near Finchale, and S. E. of Lumley-Caftle, has a grammar fr. fc. founded by Mr. Bernard Gil- pin and John Hetherfal. Here it alfo an hof. well endowed. HOUGHTON, (Nerf.) near Harp- ley, bet. Caftls-Rifmg and Faken- ham, has a park, and a moft noble houfe, the feat of the Earl of Orfcrd, (to whom it gives title of Baron) built by his father, the late Earl, when he was only Sir Robert Wal- pole. HOUGHTON, (Netting.) on the Idel, 2 m. W. from Tuxford, gives title of Vifc. to the D. of Newcaftle, as it did that of Baron to Denzil Hollis, the firft Ld. of the family. Their anceftor, Sir William Hollis, bought this manor of John Babing- ton and his wife, the heircfs of the Stanhopes. Before it came to the Stanhopes, it was for feveral fuccef- fions, in the family of Longvillers, and therefore came to be called Hcughton-Longvillers. Near the park-gate here, bel. to the faid D. of H O H O of Newcaftle, a grammar fr. fc. was creeled and endowed here, in 1692, by Hen. Walters, fteward to Gilbert and John Es. of Clare, for the benefit of this and other adjacent villages ; which was to be under the infpedlion of the minifters of Eaft and Weft- Markham and Kirton, who were to vifit it once a year. HouGHTON,(rcr*. W.R.) N.W. of Tickhil, to whofe royal manor it was once a chapel. HOUGHTON-CONOJJES T, With the Park, (Btdf.) on the N. fide of Ampthil, was the feat of the E. of Ailefbury, and called Conqueft from the ancient family of the Conquefts. There is a fr. fc. here bel. to Sidney- Suflex-Coll. in Cambridge. Two common fields near this place, called Danes-Fields,are remarkable for many pits of 15 foot diameter. HOVENINGHAM, Or HoVING- HAM, (York. N.R.) on the W. fide of New-Malton, had a Mt. cnce on S. The manor bel. in the R. of Hen. VII. to William Marquis of Berkley. f^> HOULSWORTHY, (DcVOH.) on the r. Tamar and b. of Cornwall, 168 cm. 194 mm. from London, gave name to a family, its ancient Lds. from whom it came to the Chaworths, then to Ld. Audley ; but now it bel. to the Prideaux's of Soldon, who pur- chafed it of the crown. The Mt. here is on 5. Fair Sept, 21. HouNDMiKL,.(&tt^) the next p. to Handbury, i m. from Marching- ton, and near Draycot, bel. formerly to Sir Hen. Handbury ; and, by mar- riage of his filler and coheircfs, went to Wjll. Bowles cf Rufliall ; by whole daughter it defccnded to the Leighr, who were lately, if they arc not ftill, the owners of one moiety ; the other being the eftate of the Vernons, who married a daughter of Haunclhill, who was fifter and cohtirefs with Sir Hen. Handbury's wife. HOUNSLOW, ( MidJ. ) 10 cm. 12 mm. from London, bel. to 2 ps. the N. fide of the fheet to Hefton, the S. fide to Ifleworth. Here was formerly a friary of Mendicants, whofe inftitution was to beg alms for the ranfom of captives taken by the Infidels, which, after the Difl". was given by Hen. VIII. to Ld. Windfor. 'Twas afterwards purchafed by Mr. Auditor Roan. Here is a chapel, in which the Ld. Windfor, and many others of that name, are interred. The heath is noted for robberies and horfe-races. Here is a ch. fc. HOUSESTEADS, (Nortbumb.) on the S. fide of the Roman wall, near Chefter and Bufy-Gap, noted for the ruins of great quantities of Roman altars and ftatues, which have been dug up here. How BORN, (Nortbumb.'] on the N. W. fide of Belford, was a member of the barony of Wollcr } now the feat of Mr. Pavler. B3 HOWDEN, (York. E. R. ) 139 cm. 173 mm. from- London, ftands on the N. fide of the Oufe, has a Mt. on S. and a Fair Sept. 14, for 9 days ; which is conftantly reforted to by the Londoners, whereby the traders all round the country are fur- nifticd with all forts of goods by whole- fale. Here was formerly a collegiate Ch. of 5 prebendaries, erected in the laft century but one ; to which the Bps. of Durham, who have many eftates hereabouts, with a temporal jurifdiclion, have a palace adjacent. Walter Skirlaw, one of them, built a very tall fteeple to the Ch. here, that the inh. might retire to it, in cafe of inundations ; to^hich it is very liable from the great frefhes that come down the Oufe fometimes, at ebb. This part of the Co. is from hence called Howdenfhire, and is wa- tered by a conflux of feveral large rs. that fall into the Humber. At Plowdendike is a ferry over the Oufe. HOWFIELD, (Kent) near Rccul- ver, was the patrimony of the Fogs, then of the Colepepers ; from whom it came by Mr. Vane to Mr. Will. Man of Canterbury. Ho WC ATE- HO TO H U Ho w G A T i -CA s T L E, ( Salop ) was fettled on the priory of Beauvale, N. W. of Brown-Clee-Hill, bel. for- Q^Eliz. gave the manor to Nich. merly to the Mauduits 5 then to Bur- Stanhope, one of the grooms of her nel, Bp. of Bath; and afterwards to privy- chamber, and to Edw. Stan- the Lovels. hope ; but, fines that, the chief part HOWGII. -CASTLE, (Weftm.) N. of the town/hip came to Ld. Byron, of Appleby, and on the b. of Cumber- HUDDLESTON, (York* W. R. ) land, ftands on the r. Burnibeck, not belowTowton and nearShirbourn,was far from the Eden, and a little N. the feat of Fr. Smith, alias Carring- from that called the Maiden-Way, ton, Efq; and is famous for a quarry It did bel. to the family of Sandfords, of ftone, reckoned the fineft in Eng- vvho were very eminent in the Rs. of land. When firft dug out of it, it is Edw. II. and III. very foft, but hardens by lying fome HOWLETS, (Kent) on the S. W. time in the air. K. Hen.VII's. cha- fide of Beak/bourn, was the ancient pel at Weftminfter was built moftly of demefiie of the Ifaacs 5 one of whom, the ftone fetched from hence. John Ifaac, paid an auxiliary fupply :fc HULL, (Turk. E.R.) 136 cm. for this eftate, at the inverting the 169 mm. from London, is in all wri- Black Prince with knighthood. It tings called Kingfton upon Hull, by afterwards went, by marriage of the reafon of its fituation on that r. and heirefs, to Hen. Palmer, and his fa- its being built by K. Edw. I. who, mily ; whofe defcendant, Sir Henry Camden fays, made a harbour here, of Canterbury, fold it to Sir Rob. and granted the inh. many liberties ; Hales, Bt. Here was one of the alien but the author of the addenda to Cam- priories, den fays, the walls and T. -ditch were HOXHAM, (Devon. ) adjacent to madebyleavefromK.Edw.il. and Poltimore, formerly the manor of a that Rich. II. gave them the harbour, family of the fame name, but went In the time of Hen. VIII. this T, was by marriage to the Bamfields. by Ft. erected into an honor ; and in HOXON, (Stiff.) on the r. Wave- that of William III. enabled to erec~l ney and the N. fide of Eye, in the workhoufes and houfes of correction, road to Horlefton, is the place where The firft trade, that enriched it, was Edmund K. of the Eaft-Angles was in Iceland fi/h, dried and hardened, bound to a tree, and flint to death the fame that is called Stock-Fife, be- \vith arrows by the pagan Danes, be- caufe it is carried on by a joint-ftock. caufe he would not renounce the The Hull falls here into the Humber, chriftian religion. In after agjes, here juft where the latter opens into the was a mon. erected to his memory, German ocean ; fo that one fide of and a feat of the Bps. of Norwich, the T. lies upon the fea, the other who were Lds. of the manor, till the upon land ; but fo low, that, by cut- R. of Edw. I. when they exchanged ting the fea-banks, they can drown it for the mon. of St. Benedict in the the country 5m. round, Some fay, Hulm, in the fame Co. it was incorporated by Edw. III. It HUCKNAL, (Net:.) on theN. fide was governed firft by a warden, then of Nottingham, near the road to by a bailiff, afterwards by a mayor and Mansfield, was a manor formerly di- bailiff; and at laft Hen. VI. granted vided into two parts ; cf which Jeff, it a mayor, 12. aid. a recorder, cham- Torchard having the largeft, it was berlain, a water-bailiff and flicriff, therefore called Hucknal-Torchard. with a T.-clerk, i'word and rriace. One of his defendants gave it to the bearers ; and that it fhould be a T. priory of Newftede ; and the other and Co. incorporate of itfelf. They part, that was one Peverer^afterhav- had a privilege, it is faid, to give ing paffed through feveral families, judgment on life, though they do net r.cw H U H U now make ufe of it. The mayor has port in England, except London, two fwords, one given by Rich. II. Briftol, and Yarmouth. Its inland the other by Henry VIII. who kept trade is the greater, by reafon of the his court here for fome months, and many large rs. that fall into the fea made this one of the 26 fuffragan near it, by the Humber. By the Sees, yet only one fword is carried Oufe it trades to York, and even before him. He has alfo an oar of almoft to Borroughbridge and Rip- lignum vitas, which denotes his ju- pon. By the Trent, Idle, Witham, rifdiftion as admiral within the li- Don, and Derwent, a great trade mits of the Humber. It is fortified is carried on to Bautree, Gainf. by a citadel, built in 1681, a caftle, borough, Newark, Lincoln, Not- block-houle, &c . Here are 2 Chs. tingham, Derby, and Litchfield ; all feveral meeting-houfes, an exchange, the heavy goods of which countries, built in 1621, a cuftom-houfe, a fuch as lead from Derby and Not - wool-hall, gnd an engine to make tinghamfhire, iron-ware from Sh?f- falt water frefli. Here is a fr. fc. field, cheefe from Warwickshire, founded by John Alcock Bp. of Wor- Stafford/hire, and even Cheshire, are cefter, with a hall over it for the brought down to this port, and ex- merchants, who have founded and ported to Holland, Hamburgh, and endowed an hof. here, called Tri- the Baltick, as alfo to France and nity-Houfe, in which are maintained Spain, from whence they make large many diftrefled feamen, and the wi- returns in irrn, copper, hemp, flax, dows of feamen, both of Hull and canvas, Rufiia linen and yarn, be- other places, that are members of its fides wine, oil, fruit, linen, ff. port. In one of the apartments fails from Holland, France, and Spain, are made, in which the T. drives a And by all thefe rs. fuch a vaft quarw great trade j and here is the effigies of tity of corn is brought hither from a Greenlander in his canoe, who was thefe Cos. that it exports more fome- taken, in 1613, by Capt. Andrew times than even London itfelf. The Barker of Hull. The T. is large, trade bet. this port and London, e- clofe built, well paved, and exceed- fpecially for corn, lead, and butter, ing populous, and has a ftately old and the trade bet. this port and Hoi- bridge that goes over the Hull to land and France, not only for all Holdernefs, with 14 arches. Near thefe commodities, but for the cloth, it is the Greenland-Houfe, built in kerfeys, and other mfs. of Leeds, Ha- 1674, at the charge of the mer- lifax, and other Ts. of York. W.R. ch.ints ; but that fifliery being not is fuch, that they not only employ ufed here now, it is turned into a fhips, but fleets, the Hull fleets to ftorehoufe for corn, &c. Near it is London being generally from 50 to another hof. called Gtd's Hcnje, 60 fail together, and in time of war which was founded by Michael De often 100 fail, or more. In fine, Ja Pole Earl of Suffolk, in 1584, it is faid there is more bufinefs dene but was pulled down in the late at this port, in proportion to its big- cirii wars, and fince rebuilt. Here nefs, than in any other port of Eu- are other hofpitals, or workhoufes, rope ; and it is certain that its mer- for the poor, and a ch. fc. It is chants have as good a character, and not only the moft confulerable place as great credit, as thofe of any in in thi c part of England for its inland Britain. K. Charles II. in 1667, ~ ti.iffi.-k, but has a foreign trade equal granted it two marts a year, vix. to moft cities in the Km. the cuf- Jxi'y io } and Dec. 10, and five djys toms being reckoned bet. 30 and after each. Its other Fairs ar^ TV. 40,000 /. a year, and more mer- in //7>;'//e-'irJ, c fuly 22 to 25, chant-fliips bel. to it, than to any Seft. 21 to 29 } aul its Mts. are Tu. A a 3d H U H U and S, It formerly gave title of fcj? HUNGERFORD, (Berk] a Earl, and now of Duke, to the noble gieat thoroughfare in the Bath and family of Pierpoint. Abundance of Briflol road, 54 cm. 64 mm. from herrings are taken here in the feafon. London, ftands in a moorifh foil by HULM, or HOLM'S -CHAPEL, the r. Kennet, and was formerly (Cbcjb.) in the p. of Sandbach, is called Ingleford-Charnamftreet. It the Lp. of the Needhams, one of gave both name and title to the whom built a bridge here over the noble family of the Barons of Hun- Don, near 200 years ago. Here is gerford. The conftable of this T. a ch. fc. and a good trade, it being who is chofen annually, is Ld. of the near Warrington, in the road from manor, which he holds immediately Lancafter to London. of the crown. They have a horn HULM, (Suff.) was once an her- here which meafures about a quart, xnitage in die fenny part of the Co. and appears by an infcription on it then called Cowholms, where the to have been given by John of Gaunt, DanUh K. Canute afterwards founded together with a grant of the royal an abbey. fifhery, in a part of the r. which HUNANBY, (Turk. E. R.) near abounds with good trouts and craw- Filey-Bay, exceeds the common vil- fifli. Here is a Mt. on IV. and a lages, and once had a Mt. on Tu. Fair Aug. 10. which it has now loft. HUNNJLY, ( Wario. ) near HUNDON, (Suf.) on the N. W. Wedgncck and Kenilworth, was in fide of Clare, where, in 1687, in the R. of Hen. III. the eftate of the digging a grave, bet. 2 and 300 Saxon Berefords, then of the Peches, and coins were found, with various in- in the next R. went by marriage to fcriptions. Sir William Mountfort of Colefhill, HUNFLIXT, or HUNSLET, whofe grandfon, Sir Simon, being (York. W. R.) on the S. bank of attainted in the R. of Henry VII. it the Are, almoft over againft Leeds, came to the crown, and was granted and in its p. was improved from a to the Earl of Kildare and his wife, dog-kennel, as the name imports, to and their male-heirs ; but his fon an eminent T. for clothiers, and then forfeited it to the crown in the next to a corp. in the R. of Cha. II. be- R. and it was granted to Sir Tho. caufe by making that fort of cloth Palmer, who forfeited it in the R. called Northern-dozens, it had much of Q._Mary, by whom it was given increafed the ciown revenue. It had to Mich. Throckmorton, Efq; who formerly a manor-houfe and park, left it to his fon, Francis, then but which bel. to the Gafcoigns, by the feven years of age. One Hill, then marriage of whofe heircfs it came to in poffefiion of it, held it by a Sir Tho. Nevil, whofe defcendant, long leafe from Sir Thomas Palmer, Sir John, forfeiting it in the R. of and dying, left iflue feveral fons, Q. Eliz. by rebellion, fhe gave it to which Rob. Dudley Earl of Leicefter Sir Edw. Cary, whofe pofterity fold hearing of, poflefied himfelf of it, it to the townfrr.cn, of whom the through colour of a title from Fran- Fentons being the chief, they were cis Hill, the youngcft ; but, after the lately, if they are not ftili, Lds. of Earl's death, Thomas the eldeft re- it. 'The widow of Mr. Tho. Fenton covered it, and fold his intereft to lived to fee herfelf grandmother and Roger Burgoyne. In 1686 it was great-grandmother to 138 children, purchafed by Francis Ld. Carrington, who lived for moft part at the neigh- whofe defcendant, Ld. Charles, con- bouring village of Hunfleet-Wood- veyed it to Will. Hungate, V. of houfe. whom it was purchased in (^Anne's H U H U R. by John Sanders, Efq; who re- built the Ch. HUNNINCTON, (Line.} to the N. E. of Grantham, had a Roman camp within its Lp. though a mile from the village, which has been called Julius Ciefar's, time out of mind, and in 1691, a peck of Ro- man coins were found in its neigh- bourhood, in a fort of urn. HUN SCOT i, (IVariv.) in the p. of Hampton upon Avon, was pur- chafed in the R. of Edw. IV. by Sir Will. Lucy of Charlecote, in whofe pofterity it now is, or lately was, HUNS DON, (Hartf.} a reftory en the N. fide of Hodfdon, near the r. Lea's conflux with the Stort, and a m. N. of Stanfted, ftands in a fine gravelly foil and good air, and was for- meily parcel of that manor. After it became a diftintl manor, it was pvirchaled of Mr. Goldington by Sir Will. Oldhall, who forfeited it to the crown, by being in arms for K. Rich. III. at Bofworth field j yet it is faid his Ion, being reftorcd, built a grand houfe here in the form of a caftle. K. Henry VII. fettled it on his mother, and Thomas Earl of Derby her hufband, for their lives. After their deceafe, King Henry VIII. granted it to Thomas D. of Norfolk, in fpecial tail, from whom it reverted to the crown, and the K. creeled a palace here, where he kept his children ; and having annexed the manors of Royden and Stanfted to it, made them an honour, and this'manor the capital place of it. K. Edw. VI. fettled it on his fitter the Lady Mary, on whofe acceflion to the throne, it was vefted in the crown again, and there refted till Q._Eliz. gave it, with the title of Baron of Hunfdon, to her mother Anne of Bullen's nephew, Sir Henry Carey, her Ld. chamberlain, &c. as was alfo Sir George, his fon and fucceflbr in the barony, anceftors to the pre- fent Ld. His grand-nephew, John Ld. Hunfdon, who was alfo Vifc. Rochford and Earl of Dover, fold this manor to William WilJoughby, Efq; brother to Ld. Willoughby of Parham, who fucceeded him in this barcny. His fon, William, fold this manor, about anno 1671, to William Bluck, Efq; one of the fix clerks in chancery, whofe fun, Matthew, lived here, anno 1700. Robert Chefter, Efq; lately built a feat in this p. on a beautiful hill, with a fine profpedr, and inclofed it with a park. H u N s H A w, (Df-vcn.} on the N.E. fide of Torrington, bel. for- merly to the Chajppernons, then to the Wellingtons, and more lately to the Beaumonts, by which name it came to the Chicheilers. HUNSTANTON, (Norf.) not far S. of St. Edmund's Cape, on the fhore .of the wa/hes, was at firft a royal tower only, built by St. Ed- mund, who retired to it for ne-ir a year, that he might get the whole book of Pfalms by heart. This village, firft a royal demefne, was afterwards given to the abbey of St. Edmundfbury ; and, upon the coming in of the Normans, it pa(Td to the family of Strange, whofe feat it has been ever fmce, and who held this manor of old, upon condition that they fliould find two foldiers towards the defence of Caftle-Rifing. HUNTINGFIJSLD, (Suffolk) on the W. fide of Halefworth, was the Lordfliip of a family of that name, from the R. of K. Stephen to that of Edw. III. after which it was transferred by marriage to Sir John Norwich. jf. HUNTING-TON, (Hunt.) 48 cm. 57 mm. from London, which is the mire T. was by the Saxons called Hunters-Down. It ftands in the great N. road, with a free-ftone bridge over the Oufe, and had once 15 Chs. which, in Mr. Camden's time, were reduced to 4, and fines by the civil wars to 2. This decay is afcribcd, by Speed, to the altera- tion of the courfe of the r. by one Gray, who, fays the hiftorir.n, ma- licioufly obftruc"ted its navigation to A a the H U the T. which had before been in- riched by it. It is, however, made Jiavigable for fmall veflels as high as Bedford. Here were formerly ieveral religious-houfes. The Emprefs Maud founded an abbey here, and about the time of the Conqueft, when it had a mint for coinage, a caftle was built near the bridge, which was inlarged by David K. of Scots, to whom K. Stephen granted the Bor. but it was demolifhed by K. Hen. II. K. John granted it by charter, a coroner, toll and cuftom, a recorder, town-clerk, and 2 bailiffs ; but at prefent it is incorporated by the name of a mayor, 12 aid. and bur- geiTes. It is the conftant place for the aflizes and county-gaol, and is a populous trading T. with feveral good inns, and a handfome market- place. Here is a good grammar-fc. and one Mr. Richard Fifiibourn, a i. ; ti7.en of London, but born here. zve 2000 /. to the town, to be li;d out in charitable ufes. There are not more beautiful meadows any where than on the banks of the Ouiie, which are covered in the fum- mer-time with fuch numerous herds of cattle, and flocks of heep, as is aln.ofl incredible. This place is re- jn-ukable for having given birth to Oliver Cromwell, and title of Earl formerly to fome Princes of Scotland, as it has to the Haftings family ever Jir.ce Henry VJII. Its Mts. are on M. and 5. and Fairs on Gosd-F. Lci:\-day, ^/yll, Seft.%. HUNTSHAM, (Devsn.) near the iource of the Lorn an r. or Sun- n ngbrook, en the S. E. fide of Kanapton. Robert Beare, Efo; was Ld. of the manor in the time of Edward II. and it was the feat of a gentleman cf that name, late a com- jniflioner of the victualling. HuNTSPit, (Scm.) on the Par- ret, near its influx into the Severn, is a royalty. The manor of Huntf- pil-Verfccy lying in the feveral ps. of HwatfpU, Pawktj Woollavjigtan, H U Cuffington, and Calcot, near Bridge- water, was the inheritance of the late Mr. Palmer, member for Bridge- water. H v R L z Y , ( Berks ) on the Thames, 4 m. from Maidenhead, in the Oxford road, was the feat of the late Mr. Robert Gayer, as it was formerly that of the family of Lovelace, one of whom was by K. Cha. I. created Baron of Hurley j but it was afterwards fold to pay the debts of one of his fuccelTors, and was bought by Mr. Oakley for 41,000 /. Here was a mon. which was a cell to Weftminfter-Abbey. Mrs. Williams has a feat here. HURLEY, (Warw.) formerly a part of the Lp. of Kingftmry, bel. to the Bracebriggs. It came afterwards to the Waldeiffs, and went by mar- riage to Thomas Willingtcn, whofs pofterity enjoyed it in 1640. HURSLEY, (Hainp.) near Win. chefter, where is an eftate that for- merly bel. to Henry Cromwell, Efq; grandfon to Oliver, which, though not more than 800 /. a year, is fo overgrown with woods, that it can eafily fpare the cutting of 20,000 /. worth of timber. Here is the feat of Sir William Heathcote, called Hurfley-Lodge. HURST, (Berki] is near Twiford, but part of the parifli is in Wilts. Here is an almfhoufe founded by Sir Richard Harrifon, for 12 men and women, who have each 3 s. 6 d. a week, and gowns yearly. Here is a fear of Sir Walter Compton. HURST, (Kent) on the S. E. fide of Afnford, was formerly a p. but the Ch. being ruined, the peopk go to die Ch. at Aldington. HURST, (War-iv.) not far from Stonely-Abbey, to which it formerly be!, as it does now to the Ld. Leigh of Stonely, whote anceftpr purchafed it in the R. of Q^Eh'z- HURST-CASTLE, (ttomffb.) o that r.eck of land, which, running fariheit into the fea, makes the /hemft H U /norteft paflage to the Ifle of Wight, the diftance being not above i. m. It ftands on a beach i m. and i-halt" in the fea, and was the lafl prifon of K. Cha. I. before he was brought to London for his trial. Here is al- ways a garrifon, commanded in chief by a governor. HURSTMONCEUX, (Suffix ) among woods, between Hail/ham and .Afhburnham, was once the feat of a family which took their name from it. It went by marriage to that of Fiennes, (afterwards Lds. Dacre) one of whom in the R. of Hen. VI. added 600 acres of land to his park here j and from them it came to the Lennards Earls of Sufiex. HuRST-PlZRPOINT, (Suffix) on the N. W. fide of Lewes, near Twineham, bel. formerly to the Pierpoints. HUSBORN-TARRA-NT, (Haotf.} a p. N. of Andover, bel. heretofore to Tarrant- Abbey in Dorfetftire j but K. Edw. VI. granted it to Sir Will. Pawlet Ld. St. John, and his heirs and afiigns, for ever. K^> HOTHERSFIELD, (Torkjb. W. R. ) 134 cm. 16 1 mm. from London, was long the feat of the Talbots. It Hands on the Calder, is one of the 5 Ts. in this Co. moft noted for the cloathing trade, and has a Mt. for kerfeys every Tu. HUT TON-HALL, (Cumb.) near the r. Caude and Rofe-Caftle, was the eftate of a family of that name, till purchafed by the Fletchers, who have fo much improved it in build- ings and gardens, cfpccially the late Sir Geo. Fletcher, Bt. that it is one of the pleafanteft feats in the Co. It was the late Sir George Fletcher's, who held it of the K. by this fer- vice, vix. tenere ftippam, &c. /. e. to >old his ftirrup when he mounts his horfe at Carlifle-Caftfe. HYLE-LAKZ, (Cbtjb.) bet. the mouths of the Dee and Merfey, vrhere (hips bound for Ireland often wait for a wind. TO I G I C ICKENILD-STREET, is that old; Roman highway, denominated, from the Icenians, which extended from Yarmouth in Norfolk, the E. part of the Km. of the Iceni, to Bar- ley in Hartford/hire, giving name in the way to feveral villages, as Icki- worth, Icklingham, and Icklcton ia that Km. From Barley to Royfton it divides the /hires of Cambridge and Hartford. From Ickleford it runs by Tring, crofies Bucks and Oxfordshire, pafles the Thames at Goring, and ex- tend: to the W. part of England. This is the opinion of Sir Henry Chauncy, which feems much better founded than the afiertion of Mr. Lambard, that it extended from Tinmouth in Northumberland to St. David's in Wales 5 or Sir Will. Ducdak's, that it palfed from Tinmouth, through Yorkrtiire to Glocefterlhire, and lo to Winchefter and Southampton. ICKLEFORD, or ICKLETON, (Hartfordjh.) upon Ickcnild-Streit, en ths N. fide of Hitchin, in the way to Pirton, bel. formerly to Sir Roger Towcots ; but, coming to the crown, was granted by Rich. III. to Sir Will. Meering, from whole fa- mily it came to the Dearrmns, and about anr.o 1580, was purchafed by Tho. Auncel, whofe defendants of the fame name enjoyed it for four or five generations, one of whom was high-meriff of the Co. anno 1698. There is a tradition that it was once a Mt.-T. Here is a ford upon the ftream here, called Arlefea, which beyond Bigglefwade changes its name to Ivel. ICKLIXGHAM, (Suffolk) to the S.E. of Mildenhail, on the fame r. whofe antiquity appears from the Roman coins that have been dug up near it. ICKWORTR, (Sufi) am. from Bury, has a park well ftocked with the fine harlequin-deer, in which i* Aa 3 a I D TO I L a teat of the Earl of Briflol, to whom it gives title of Baron. A large pot of Roman money was dug up here not a great while ago. IDLECOT, (Warw.) bet. Shipfton and Kingten, bel. formerly to the inon. of Kenehvorth ; but in the R. f Hen. VIII. was paffed away to Tho. Cawarden, and his heirs 5 for \vant of which, it reverted to the crown, and, in the R. of Q. Eliz. was granted to Lodowic Grevii, and others ; and from them it went to feme of the Underbill family, of whom Sir Hercules Underbill was in poflefiicn of it in 1640. f$* IERBY, (Cutr.l>.) in the p. of Torpenho, and on the N. E. fide of Cockermouth, near the fource of the Eln, 225 cm. 290 mm. from London, confjfcs of 2 manors, the High and the Low ; the latter whereof is often called Market- lerby, by reafon of its Mr. onTb. which the other has not. The High-Ierby was a long time in the pcffefiicn of a family of that name. The latter was lately the Lp. of the Ivf ufgraves of Crokedale, who are de- fcended of the fame famiiv. Ii AM, (Staff.) on the N. W. fide cf Afhbourn in Derbyshire, and near the eruption of the rs. Manifold and Hamps at one mouth, after they have run for feme ms. under ground. It was formerly the eftate of the Ip- ftones j from whom it defcended to the Walkers, in whofe name it con- tinued many fuccefiions ; but it was, i i the laft century, fold to Mr. Lau. "Wright, in whofe pofterity it w^s Jately, if it be not itill. This p. is noted for the tomb, well, and a/h of St. Bertram, who is laid to have per- formed many miracles in this Co. The afh, which grows over the fpring, is taken great care of by the common people, who have a fuperftiiicus no- tion, that it is very dangerous to break a bough of it. % ILCHESTZR, (5o.-r.) 1040111. 325 mm. frcm London, is fo called, becaufe it once had a cattle, and ftands on the r. Ivel. Some fay, the caflle was built thfre by the Romans, to curb the Britons after Bcadicca's in- furreftion, and that the Roman fofs- way pafled through this place. That Roman coins have been dug up here, is certain, and that it was a populous and important place, about the time of the conqueft. 'Tis likewife evi- dent, from the rujns and from two towers on the bridge, that it was once large place, and encompafled with double wall. It alfo had feveral p. -hs. though now but one. 'Tis go- erned by 2 bailiffs, who, with the 2 burgefles, are Lds. of the manor, n the R. of Edw. HI. the aflizes for he Co. were fixed here, which have fince been he'd, alternately, at Wells, Tauntun, and Bridgwater. The Kts. of th* /hire are always chofen here,and it is the place for the Co. courts and jail. On the latter is its chief de- pendance, and therefore it cannot be very polite, wealthy, or happy ; how- ever, it has the honour of giving title of Ld. to Ste'phen Fox, the twin bro- ther of Henry Fox, Efq; fecretary at war, and late a Ld. of the treafury j whofe father, Sir Stephen Fox, was alfo a Ld. of the trealury, in the R. of K. Will. III. This u noted for being the birth-place cf Roger, the famous Friar Bacon 5 and for the exe- cution of Mrs. Branch, a widow of feme fortune, at a farm houfe bet. Bath and Froome, who was hanged here, in 1740, together with her daughter, for the rncft barbarous raur- dtrcf their maid-fervant, by whipping her for feveral hours together. The Mt. here is ^. the Fairs July 22, Aug. 29. King's-Moor near this place is noted for horfe-races. Coin* of the Roman emperors are often dug up here. ILFORD, GUZAT and LITTLE, (E/ex) on each fide of the r. bet. Barking and Wanftead. At Great- Ilford was formerly an hof. for lepers, to be chofen out of the demefnes of Barking-Abbey. 83=- iLroRDCOMK, (Devtn.) 152 cm. 178 mm. turn London, a populous, ricfc, trad.ng lea-port, ef- pecially with htniDgs, in lite Brifrol- CLaa- I L TO I N Channel ; noted for maintaining ccn- fhnt lights to direct the failors, for its convenience of building and repair- ing fhips, and for the fafe flicker mips from Ireland find here, when it is extremely dangerous for them to run into the mouth of the Taw, which they call Barnftaple -Water ; and this is one reafon, why the Barnftaple merchants do fo much of their bufi- nefs at this port. The harbour, with its quay, warp-houfe, light- houfe, pilot-boats, and tow-boats, was for- merly maintained at the expence of the anceftors of Sir Bourchier Wrey, Bt. the Ld. of the manor j and. then it had a quay, or pier, 850 foot long, but by time and the violence of the fea all went to decay ; for remedy of which, the Pt. pafledan aft, in 1731, for both repairing and enlarging the piers, harbour, 6V. The T. is go- verned by a mayor, bailiffs, &>:. and confifts chiefly of one ftreet of fcat- tered houfes, almoft im.long. Its Mt. is on S. The p. is large, con- taining feveral tithings and manors ; the chief of which was formerly the eftate of the Champernons, and after- wards of Sir John Herle. ILKLEY, (York. W. R.) on theE. fide of Skipton, nearWheatlcy-Spaw, on the S. fide of the r.Wharfe,oppofite to Stubham, appears to be very an- cient, by the engraved pillars of Ro- man work lying in its Ch.-yard 5 and an infcription dug up neartheCh. not very many years ago, fhews it was re- built by the emperor Severus. ILMINGTON, (tVariu.} on the N. W. fide of Shipton upon Stour, lei. formerly to the Montforts Es. of Leicester ; but, being forfeited to the crown, was given by Hen. VIJ. to Sir Reginald Bray ; with whofe niece, it went by marriage to Sir Will. Sands, afterwards Ld. Sands, in the R. of Hen. VIII. whofe fon, Thomas Ld. Sands, conveyed it to Tho. Andrews, and his heirs. f? ILMISTER, (Som.) 113 cm. 138mm. from London, is a p. fm. in length, with a Mt. on S. a eon- fiderabk woollen mf. and a very good Ch. in which is a ftately monument, eretled to the founder of Wadham- Cgll. in Oxford. In the R. of K. Rich. I. it was made a prebend, and given to Muchelney-Abbey, in this ILSIKGTON, (Dwca.) on the N.W. fide of Newton-Bufhel, for- merly bcl. to the Beamonts, then to the Dynhams ; and afterwards by marriage to the Pomerys. {5= ILSLEY-EAST, (Berks) 44 cm. 51 mm. from London, is in the road from Oxford to Newburr, in a fine fporting country, bel. anciently to a family of the fame name, and has a Mt. on Wed. The rectory, which is in the gift of the C. of Windfor, is 300 /. a year. Weft- Ilfley is nearer to Cuckhamfley-Hill, The Fairs at Eaft-Ilfley arc Tib. 24, Eafter.W. Wbit-W. and Aug. 15. ILTON, (Dei/on.) on a creek that comes from Kingfbridge, formerly bel. to Sir John Chiverfton, whofe; grandfon paffed it to the Courtneys. INGE, UP. and Low. (Wariv.) on the N. fide of Stratford upon Avon, was originally a member of Hampton upon Avon, and then of Old-Stratford, it being purchafed for John de Stratford, Bp. of Worcefter, who gave it to a chantry in Stratford- Ch. but after the Difl". it was given* by Edw. VI. to Rich. Pallady and Fr. Foxhall, a mercer in London, to. be held in cafltc. They paffed it away to Tho. Hawkins, alias Fifher,, of Warwic, who fold it to Will* Clap- ton, Efq; and it was afterwards fold to the Cokeleys j from whom Upper- Inge came to Mr. Farrein, and the Lower to Mr. Woolmer of Stratford. INGERLKY, (Devon.) on the S, fide of Hatherley, was in the Coffins. family, from the R. of K. John to that of Edw. III. and then it was di- vided among the Diftaffs. 23mm. from London, from whence it is a great thoroughfare to Harwich, has a confiderable Mt. on W. for live cattle brought out of Suffolk, (&c, and a Fair on Nov. zo. 'Tis the feat of I N TO I P of the ancient and noble family of the Petres, to whole anceftor, SirWilliam, it was granted by K. Hen. VIII. at the DifT. of Barking- Abbey, to which till then it bcl. It was he, that founded 8 fellowfhips in Exeter-Col!. Oxford, called the Petrean fellowfhips, and built an almfti. here for 20 poor people. He lies buried under a ftately monument in the Ch. as do feveral others of that family. INGESTRE, (Stajf.) on the banks of Trent, 2m. N. E. of Stafford, bel. in theR. cf Hen. II. to the Mittens ; but, in the next R. went by marriage to the family of the Chetwinds, in which it continues to this day, with the fined park and gardens that are in this part of England, laid out by the late Ld. Chetwind. The p. Ch. here was rebuilt by Walter Chetwind, Efq; who died in 1693. INGLEBORNE, (Devon.'} in Har- burton p. anciently bel. to the abbey of Buckfaft-Leigh, which, after the Difl". Mr. John Wotton purchafed of Hen. VIII. INGLESTHORP, [Norfolk] on the W. fide of Shanburn, ftands where the r. Ingol runs into the fea from Snetfliam, where it rifes. INSTOW, ( Devon. ) corruptly fo called for Johnftow, ftands at the con- flux of the Taw and Towridge, not far from Biddiford, was formerly the manor of the St. Johns, and fince of Sir Rich. Hankford. ST, JOHN'S, (Kent) in the ifle of Thanet, is a member of the port of Dover. Its manors did bel. in part to St. Auguftin's rnon, in Canterbury; but, fince the Dill, to the Colepepers. The other part were lay-fee, bel. an- ciently to the Dandelions, Leybourns, and Fleets ; but of later years to Peti t, Norwood, and Philpot. Here are Fairs on Midfummer and Bartbola- wnv-DoySf and a ch. fc. IPSLEY, (ff^ariv.) near Studlsy, the manor and feat of Sir John Hu- kand ; whofe family have ncld it in a lineal fucceilion, ever fince the R, f Hen. 11, IPSTONIS, (Staff'.') near the r. Churr.tt, i m. below Kingfley, an- ciently bel. to a family of the fame name ; from which it went, by mar- riage, to the Breretons, as it came to Sir John de Ipftones, in the R. of Ed-,v. I. or II. by his father's marry- ing the heirefs of Sir Hen. Cromwell. The foil here is noted for producing the beft ruddle, or red-oker, for marking fheep. # IPSWICH, (Suffolk] 55 cm. 6S mm. from London, is an ancient, neat, well-built, populous T. I m. Jong, but broader, forming a fort of half-moon on the bank of the r. Or- well, over which it has a ftone-bridge, leading to its fuburb Stoke-Hamlet. Mr. Camden called it the eye of this Co. It has a harbour, which was more conynodious formerly than now ; and the number of its fhips, as well as its trace by fea, is thereby confi derably IciTened, as well as its Chs. which were 21, and now but tz ; though there are z chapels in the corp. liberty, befides meeting-houfes. It had charters and a mint, fo early as theR. of K. John; but the laft charter was from K. Cha. II. 'Tis incorporated by the name of 2 bailiffs, a recorder, 12 portmen, of whom the bailiffs are 2, a T.-clerk, a cham- berlains, 2 coroners, and 24 C.C. The bailiffs and 4 of the portmen are juftices of the peace. 'Twas plun- dered, in 991, by the Danes, who demolished the ditch and rampart of the T. and forced the inh. to pay 10,000 /. They plundered it again, 9 years after. And K. Stephen de- moli/hed tbe caflle ufelf, which had been built by Will, the Conq. Car- dinal Wolfcy, who was a native of this place, and the fon of a butclier, began to erecl a college on the ruins of one of its mons. which, though he did not fini/h, bears his name. Here were 6 other religious houfes, the ruins of which are llill to be feen. One of them is converted into a man- fi^n-houfe, lately the feat of Vifcount H^r-ford, and now of Mr, Claude I p I p Fonnereau, with a park and bowling- green in it, which are a great addition to the pleafantnefs of Ipfwich. At another, thequarter-feflions are held, and part of it is a gaol. This T. en- joys feveral considerable privileges ; as the pafling fines and recoveries, trying caufes both criminal and capi- tal, and even crown cauies among themfelves. They appoint the aflize of bread, wine, beer, gfe. No free- man can be obliged, againft his con- fent, to ferve on juries out of the T. or bear any office for the K. iheriffs for the Co. excepted ; nor are they obliged to pay any tithes, or duties, in any other part of the Km. They are entitled to all waifs, ftrays, and all goods caft on Ihore, within their admiralty jurifdidlion, which extends, on the Effex-coaft, beyond Harwich, and OH both fides the Suftblk-coaft j and the bailiffs even hold their admi- ralty court beyond Landguard-Fort, &c. In the R. of Edw. III. it was determined, at a trial, that the bailiffs and burgeffes had the fole right to take the cuftom duties, for goods coming into the port of Harwich. Here is a convenient key and cuftom-houfe ; and no place in Britain is fo well fituate for the Greenland-trade, becaufe, be- fides its conveniency for boiling the blubber, and erecting ftore-houfes, 6?c. the fame wind, which carries them out of the mouth of the har- bour, will carry them to the very feas of Greenland. Ships of 500 tons have been built here. The tide rifes generally 12 foot, and brings great ihips, within a fmall diftance of it, but flows a very little way higher. At low water the harbour is almoft dry ; which made the D. of Buckingham fay to Cha. II. " that here was a r. " without water." And, as for the T. he added, " that here were flreets " without names, and the afles wore " boots." The meaning of the z laft is, that the T. is divided into 4 wards, and called by their names, in- ftead of flreets ; and that the bow- ling-green, above-mentioned, ufed to be rolled by afles in boots, that their, hoofs might not make an impreflion on the green. Here are a T.-hall, council-chamber, a (hire-hall for the Co. feflions ; a palace for the Bp. of Norwich ; a fr. fc. a good library, adjoining to a work-houfe, or hof. for poor lunaticks, where rogues, va- gabonds, &c. are kept to hard labour j and a noble foundation,by Mr. Tooley, in 1556, for poor old men and women. Here are other ahnfhs. 3 ch. fcs. in z of which are 70 boys, and in the 3d 40 girls ; and an excellent charity was begun here, in 1704, for the re- lief of poor clergy's widows and or- phans of this Co. by a fubfcription/ which is rifen to near 5000 /. Tho* Ipfwich is thought to be one of the cheapeft places in England to live at, becaufe of eafy houfe-rent, the beft of inns, plenty of all manner of provi- lions, and eafy pafTage, either by water or land, the coach going through to London in a day ; yet a late author compares it to a noble old houfe, which has flood long untenanted, and out of repair, the houfes being built in the antique fafhion, the ftreets large, and few people to be feen in them. 'Tis certain, however, that here are more gentry, than in any other T. in the Co. except St. Ed- mundfbury. It has Mts. on Ta. and Tb. for fmall meat ; on W. ad Fr. for fifli j and on 5. for provifions of all kinds. In the midft of the Mt.- place is a fine crofs. It has a great Cattle-Fair Aug. n and 12, and one on Seft. 14 for butter and cheefe, be- fides other Fairs onGood-F. Apr. 23, May 7 and 8, and jfvjy 25. It gives title of Vifc. as well as Thetford does, to the D. of Grafton. The adjacent country is cultivated chiefly for corn ; of which a great quantity is continu- ally fhipp'd off for London, andfome- times it is exported to Holland. This part of the Co. alfo abounds fo much with timber, that, fincc its trade of /hip-building is abated, they fend great quantities to the K's. -yards, at Chat- ham j to which they often run, from the I R TO I S the mouth of Harwich r. in one tide. The r. here is beft known by the name of Ipfwich-Water ; and the paf- lage by it to Harwich is about 12 m. There is Lavington-Creek in it, where are prodigious fhoals of mulcles to fee leen at low water ; and near it was a fine feat and manor of Sir Sam. Bar- nardi'ton, now dividc-d into many branches. The French refugees at- tempted formerly to erect a linen- mf. here, but it did net anfwer 5 however, the poor people are em- ployed in fpinning wool for other places, where the mf. is fettled. IRCKINFIELD, (Hertf.) on the E. fide of the Golden-Vale, is that part of the Co. which hiftory fays was deftroyed with fire and fword by the Danes, anr.o 715 ; and where certain revenues were afiigned to one or two priefts, on condition that they fhould go on embaiTies from the Ks. of Eng- land into Wales j and the inh. when - ever the army marched againft the enemy, were to form the van-guard, and in their return homewards the rear-guard. IRNAM, (Line.} near Corby, is a pleafant village, with good water and in a wholefome air, anciently the ba- rony of And. Lutterel ; but lately the feat of John Thimbleby, with a park adjoining to it. IR ox-Ac TON, (Gloc .) at the con- flux of the Slower and Laden, which form the r. Frome, W. of Chipping- Sodbury, is a p. 3 m. in com. where much iron has formerly been dug up, and many iron works and great heaps of cinders are ftill to be feen. Soon after the conqueft, this manor came to the Aftons, who took their name from it, and held it till the R. of K. Rich. II. when it went,, by marriage, to Sir John Pointz, in whole family it continued near 400 years, till fold by the widow of another Sir John Pointz to Mr. Player ; from whom it pafTed to Simon Harcourt, Efqj with the park bel. to it. la THING TON, (Cumb.) on the r. , near Brampton and the Picls- Wall, the capital manor of the ba- rony of Gillifland, where the Ld. of it had his feat, called Caftle-Steed, of which the ruins are yet vifible. 'Twas the feat of the late Mrs. Femvick. IRTON, or IRTOND ALE, (Cumb.) to the S. E. of Egremont, long the manor and feat of a family of that name, on the fide of the r. Irt ; in which are found the mulcles, fa id to breed a fort of pearl, and tailed by the people fliell-berries ; and fome gentlemen got a patent for the faid pearl-fifhery, but we do not find that it turned to much account ; and Dr. Lifter fays they are only the fcabs of old mufcles. ISELHAM, (Camb.) to the N. E. of Soham, came from the Peytons fa- mily, by marriage, to the Bernards. Here is a ch. fc. ISLE, (Salop) 2 m. from Shrewf- bury, is a peninfula formed by the Severn, where thofe floats, called co- racles, are inuch ufed ; wherein only one man can fit, who rows very fwiftly with one hand, while with the other he manages his falling- tackle. They are of a form almoft oval, and made of fplit fally twigs interwoven, and that part under the water is coveted with a horfe's hide. 'Tis about 5 foot long and 3 broad, round at the bottom, and fo light, that they carry them on their backs to and from the water. ISLINGTON, {Mldd.} on the N. fide of London, to which it is almoft contiguous, appears to be of Saxon origin ; and, in the Conqueror's time , was written Ifledon, orlfendon. The Ch. is one of the prebends of St. Paul's 5 to the D. and C. of which a certain precinct here bel. for the pro- bate of wills, and granting adminiftra- tions. Its houfes are near 700, in- cluding the Upper and Lower Hollo- ways, 3 fides of Newington-Green, and part of Kingfland, on the road to Ware. In the S. W. part of this vil- lage is that noble refcrvoir, impro- perly called New-River-Head ; tho' they are only z bafons, which receive that I S TO I V that r. from Hartford/hire, and from whence the water is thrown by an engine into the company's pipes, for the fupply of London. In the reed- moat on the N. fids of thefe bafons, called Six-Acre-Field, from the con- tents of it, which is the 3dfield beyond the White-Conduit, there appears to have been a fortrefs in former days, inclofed with a rampart and ditch, which is fuppofed to have been a Ro- man camp, made ufe of by Suetonius Paulinus, after his retreat, which Tacitus mentions, from Loadon, be- fore he fallied thence, and routed the Britons, under their Q^ Boadicea ; and that which is vulgarly, but er- roneoufly, called Jack Straw's Caftle, in a fquare place in the S. W. angle of the field, is fuppofed to have been the feat of the Roman general's pre- torium, or tent. In this p. are two ch. fcs. an hof. with its chapel, an almfh. and a workhoufe for the poor. tJ'IsLip,(0.ir/ r .)47cm. 57mm. from London, is noted for the birth and baptifm of Edward the Confeflbr, who gave the manor to Weftminfter- Abbey. His font is flill in the pof- fcflion of a gentleman at Nether- Ridlington. It has a good Mt. for flieep, and fome remains of an an- cient palace, faid to have been K. Ethelred's. Here is a ch. fc. ISLEWORTH, commonly THIS- TLE WORTH, (Middlefex) on the Thames, W. of Brentford. Richard K. of the Romans had a palace here, which was burnt down by the Lon- doners in an infurreclion. Bet. this place and Worton there was a mill in the R. of Q-JEliz. for the mf. of copper and brafs, which was melted and forged out of the ore brought up from Mcndip-Hills in Somerfet/hire. Here are z ch. fcs. iTCHINOTON-BlSHOPS, (War."} on the r. Ichene, to the N. E. of Kincton, is fo called from the Bps. cf Coventry and Litchfield, once its pofleflbrs. Henry III. granted it a Mt. on #'. and a Fair on Sr, Piter and St. Paul's, and three days after. In the R. of Edw. VI. Rich. Samp- fon the Bp. conveyed it to Thomas Fifher, fecretary to the D. of Somer- fet the Protedor, who changed the name to Fifher's-Itchington. It was afterwards fold to Thomas Cox, of Honingham in this Co. whofe foil fold it in the R. of Cha. I. to Sir Ja. Enyan, of Flore in Northampton- fiiire, who pafled it away five years after his purchafe, to Sir David Co- nyngham. IrcHiNGTON-LoNG, (Warw.) N. of Southam, bel. anciently to the Limofins and Odingfels, of whom Sir Hugh held it of K. Edw. I. in capite. His defcendant, Sir John, being outlawed in the R. of Edw. II. his eftate was extended, but for a fine of 200 marks to that K. re- covered. It was afterwards mort- gaged to Sir John Throckmorton, who pafled his title to Robert Earl of Leicefter, who magnificently enter- tained Q!_Elizabeth under fo large a tent, that the pins of it were feven cart-loads. His Lp. gave it to his natural fon, Sir Rob. Dudley. From him it came to his daughters ; but Lady Anne Verney had a mare in it, which was fold by decree in chan- cery to ferjeant Newdigate, whofe fon, Sir Richard, fold it to the Ld. Gray Earl of Stamford, the prcfent owner, and the other part of the manor is in the pofleffion of Edward Ld. Leigh of Stonely. This was an- ciently one of the chief Ts. in the Co. and in the R. of Henry II. was ranked with the Bors. that were to contribute to the marriage of that K's. daughter. not far from Southam andhe Upper, near Harberbury. The manor-houfe of the firft is turned into two dwellings, of which the Ld. Brook is owner, and the latter was purchafed of Mr. Cran- mer by SirTho. Hardy, in 1719. IVER, (Bucks] near Uxbridge and the Coin, has a Fairs a year, vi June 29, and Aug. i, and' a ch. fc, I V TO K E %. ST. IVKS, (Corniv.) 229 cm. s;8 mm. from London, a harbour in the Irifli Channel, the true name of which is St. Ithes. Though it is al- moft choaked up with land, the coail from hence to the Land's-End being a long traft of fand- banks, fo that the people have been more than once forced to remove, it has throve much by trading with pilchards and Cornifh dates ; and 20 or 30 fail of fliips bel. to its harbour. It is go- verned by a mayor, 12 capital and 24 inferior burgefles, with a recorder, town-clerk, &c. Here is a hand- feme fpacious Ch. Which is often buffeted by the waves of the fea, but the mother Ch. is at Unilalant. Here is a grammar- fchool that was founded by Charles I. of which the Bp. of Exeter, and the mayor and capital burgefles, are governors. Here are Mts. on W. and 6\ and Fairs on Good-Friday, April 16, May 10, July 20, Seft, 26, and- Dec. 3. The bay, into which runs the r. Hayle, lies much expofed to the N. W. wind. The rocks hereabouts have fome ftreaks of a metal like copper, of which in the neighbour- hood there are mines. The manor was anciently in the Ferrers family, from whom it came by marriage to the Champernons, and from them in the fame manner to Sir Robert Willoughby Ld. Brooke, by whofe daughter it came in marriage to Mr. Paulet, anceftor of the prefent D. of Bolton, who held it in the R. of Cha. I. and in whofe family it did very lately, if it does not Mill, con- tinue. It is a cuftom of this manor, that whoever dies worth 10 /. or more, pays 10 s. to the vicar, and no more, but they that die worth lefs pay nothing. The lift of its members of Pt. begins the 4th and 5 th of Philip and Mary. The land bet. this and Mountfbay is not above 4 m. over, and fo fituate, that from the hill neither of the two feas, vix. St. George's Channel and the Britifh Channel, is above 3 m. and from hence, In a clear day, may be feen the Wands of Scilly, though above 30 m. off. f> ST. IVES, (Hunt.} 49 cm. 57 mm. from London, has a fine ftone bridge over the Oufe, had in the gth century a mint, and was noted for its medicinal waters. Great part of it was burnt down fome years ago, but it was rebuilt. Here is a very good Mt. on M. for fatted cattle brought from the N. and Fairs onf-mtfon-M.anASt-ft.zi. Here Oliver Cromwell rented a farm, be- fore he was chole a burgeis for Cam- bridge. It had formerly a mon. which was a cell to the abbey of Ramfey. The D. of Manchester is Ld. of the manor. J3" IVINGO, (Bucks') 46 cm. 55 mm. from London, ftands among woods, in a nook that runs in bet. Bedfordfinre and Hartfordfhire, had formerly a nunnery, and has a Mt. on M. and a Fair on April 25. St. JULIAN'S, ( Monm. ) near Caerlion, where, in 1654, a Roman altar of free-ftone was found, in- fcribed to Jupiter. Here is a feat cf the Ld. Herbert of Chirbury. J^ Ix WORTH, (Sujf.) 64 cm. 73 mm. from London, is a thorough- fare bet. Bury and Yarmouth, had formerly a priory, which was ex- changed by Henry VIII. with one Mr. Connington, for Nonfuch in Surry. Here is a Mt. on F. two annual Fairs, and the feat of Tho. Norton, Efq;. Roman coins have been dug up here. K E 3? "\7" ED ER MINSTER, (Were.} J^ 104 cm. 128 mm. from London, an ancient Bor. on the Stour, not far from the Severn, is a compacl T. of 5 or 600 houfes, where the people, who are at leafl 2000, drive a pretty good trade in cloth, and weaving linfcy-woolfey, fiff. and have a handfome Ch. two guod K E K E good fr. fcs. a ch. fc. and a almfhs. &f. 'Tis governed by a bailiff, iz capital burgeffes, 25 C.C. &c. who have a Town-hall. It formerly fent members to Pt. and gives title of Ba- ron to the Ld. Foley, as it did, in the R. of Rich. II. to John Beauchamp, fteward of his houfhold. This p. ex- tends to Bewdley- Bridge, has a Mt. on Tb. Fairs on Uoly-Tb. 9 days after Whit-Sund. and Aug. 24. The Bi- fets were the ancient Lds. of thjs manor. KE D i. E s T o N , [Derby] near Derby, has long been the feat of the Curzons, and, it is laid, has a well noted for the cure of ulcers and the leprofy. KEITHCOTY -HousE, (Kent) near Ailesford, was the grave of Co- tigern, the British general, who was killed in battle with Horfa the Saxon. KELHAM, (Nott.) on the W. fide of Newark, the eftate of Ld. Lexin- ton, who owns the whole ifland of excellent ground, bet. the z currents of the Trent ; on the weftermoi} of u-hich this village.ilands. Here were divers parcels of land formerly given to religious hpufes, >|e KELLINGTON, (Cor.rn.val!} 174 cm. 199 mm. from London, on the r. Lamara, is not inferior to the beft half of the Corpifh Bors. for wealth and building, having one very good broad ftrcet, a Mt.-houfe, and ajieat Ch. which is a. chapel of eafe toSouthill, and was rebuilt by lerjeant Aflnon. Its chief trade is'the woollen mf. the Mt. on W. granted by K. Hen. III. and Fairs Apr. 23, S.ff. S, and Nov. I. It has no charter of in- corporation j but every ycai, at the court-leet of the Ld. -of the manor, a portreeve is chofcn,whcn the inh.who have Jived here -12 months are ad- mitted burgcffes, and Ufcjreby qualified to vote for its members. The manor was anciently in the Ferrers fomily ; from which it paficd, by maniage, to . the Ch.impernons ; from them to the Ld. Willoughby of Brook ; then to the Pawlets MarquitTes of Winchrf- tef 5 by a daughter of whom, it de- fcended to Sir Henry RolJe, of Ste. venftone in Devonshire, Bt. whofe pofterity have fince enjoyed it, anft have fome of them reprefented it in Pt. to which members were firft fent for this place in the zyth of Q^Eliz. it being the laft T. in this Co. that was called on. for fuch choice. The prefent Ld. of this manor is Henry Rolle,late]v createdBaron Stevenftonc. KEL SK'Y -NORTH, (Lir.c.) W. of Thougcafter, was once the manor of the Hanfards ; from whom, by mar- riage, it pafled to the Afcoughs. KELSHULL, (Hartf.) near Roy- fton and Odfey-Grange, was given by the Saxon K. Ethelred to the abbey of Ely ; and afterwards bel. to its ca- thedral, till it was by the Bp. ex. changed for certain tenths and ad- vowfons in the gift of the- crown, in the R. of Q._Eliz. who granted it to the city of London ; but the citizens fold it afterwards to Ralph Freeman of Afpedon; from whom it came to Mr. V/illimot, attorney, whofe de- fcendant conveyed it to John Pointer, late matter of the affidavit-office in Chancery, father of the prefent pof- feflbr, Samuel Pointer. KELTKORP, (Rut!.} a Iwmlet'of the p. of Ketton, anciently hel. to a mon. atTateihall. K. Hen. VIII. granted it to the D. of Suffolk ; but in the R. of Q._Eliz. it was in the hands of Francis Coleby, who, by her liccnfe, -alienated it to John Houghton. KELVEHON, (EJfex] 3 m* from Witham, in the road to Colcheirer. Tis alfo called Keldon, alias Eafter- ford, and was the feat of the late Sir Ant. Abdy. Some rail it Kildane, and think that the famous maflacre of the Danes bepn here ; for which, hov.cvcr, theie is no good authority. K E M B i. E ,. (Wilts.} beyond Mal'm- foury, is rear the place where the Lov.er Av^n enters this Co. from Ci- rencefter, arid runs on W. to Crud- wcll. KF.MBS BOROUGH, (Glor.} near Paijifwick, is a very high hill, thst B b hiJ K E K E had a caftle, the fortifications and trenches of which are ftill vilible. It has a delightful profpeft over the vale to Malvern-Hills, Shropfliire, Wor- cefterfhire, Herefordfhire, and Mon- rnouthfliire. KEMFSFORD, (Ghc.) bet. Crick- laJe and Letchlade. After the Dill". K. Ed\v. VI. gave this manor, with which Henry D. of Lancafter had en- dowed an hoi", at Leicefter, Jo Sir John Thynn, anceftcr of its prefent owner, the Ld. Vifc. Weymouth, who has a feat here. KEMPTON, (Hartf.) on the N.W. fide of Digfwell, near the fotirce of the Kime. It was anciently called .Huckinghanger, and afterwards came to Ld. Mordaunt, in whofe family it continued many, generations, till it was fold to Tho. Hoc, Efq; in the R. ofQ._E!iz. It afterward's came, by marriage, to the late Sir Jon. Keate, Bt. from whom it is defcended to the prefent Sir Henry. Here is a ch. fc. KKMSEY, (Wore.) on the E. fide of the Severn, below Worcefter, had a mon. and was anciently the Bp. of Worcester's manor, who had a noble palace here. There are feme remains of a camp. KEN-CHESTER, (Heref.) on the r. Ine, (3m. W. of Hereford, i m. from Credenhill, and 2 m. from Eaton) ; where, about 80 years ago, a great vault was difcovered in a wood, with a table of plainer in it, near which were dug up Roman coins, feveral Roman urns with afhes, feveral large bones, &t. A bath was alfo difco- vered, and the brick-pipes, which heated it, remained entire. f3 KENDAL, (Weft,) 203 cm. 257mm. from London, alfo called Kirkby-Candale, i.e. a Ch. in a val- ley, fta'nds upon the r. Can, over which it his 2 ftcne-bridgcs, and i of wood, '.vith a harbour for boats. 'Tis the largeft T. in the Co. and much fupe- nor to Appleby in trade, wealth, buildings, and number of people. They have drove a trade with the vcojlen mf". throughout England, ever fince the R. of Edw. III. and parti- cular laws were enafted for regulating Kendal cloths, as early as Rich. II. and Hen. IV. 'Tis of note alfo for the mf. of cottons, druggets, ferges, hats, worried and yarn (lockings, &c , Q^Eliz. incorporated it with aid. and burgefles ; and K. James I. with a mayor, recorder, T.-clcrk, 12 aid. 24 burgefles, or C.C. and 2 attornies. There are 7 companies here, who have each their hall, i>ix. mercers, fheermcn, cordwainers, tanners, glo- vers, taylors, and pewterers. It has a large beautiful Ch. and 12 chapels of eafe bel. to it, and a fr. fc. well endowed with exhibitions for fuch fcholars as are fent from hence to Q^een's-Coll. Oxford. Here is alfo a ch. fc. for 10 boys and 16 girls, who are all cloathed, as well as taught. Here are the ruins of a caftle, wherein was born Catherine Far (the 6th wife of Hen. VIII.) ; to whofe family it had defcended from the Ros's,'by marriage. It has given the titks of Baron, Earl, and D. particularly the 2d to Pr. George of Denmark ; the 1 to Charles, the 3d fon of James . of York ; and that of Dfs. to the late Melefma Schomberg, who had before been created Dfs. of Munfter in Ireland, and came over to England with K. Geo. I. Here are kept the feflions of the peace for this part of the Co. called the barony of Kendal ; and a very great Mt. on 5. with all kinds of provifions and woollen-yarn, which the girls bring hither in Isrge bundles. It has Fairs on the M. be- fore Lady-day, Trin.-M. jlfr.i $, and Oci. 28 j and bet. them a great Bcaft- Mt. every fortnight. The r. here, which runs about half of the T. in a itony channel, abounds with trout and fjlmon ; and on the banks of it live die dyers and tanners. KENEL WORTH, corruptly called KII.LINGWOR TH, (Wariu.) on the S. W. fide of Coventry, had a mon. which was founded by Jeficry de Clin- ton, Ld.-Chamb. toK. Hen. I. who a]fo built a caftle here, which was f>n- coaipafled K E compafled with a chace and park, and the glory of all this part of Eng- land ; but his grand-nephew fold it to K. Henry III. who granted it to Simon de Montfort Earl of Leicefter, with Eleanor his filter, for Her por- tion ; but the caftle being taken by that K. in the Barons wars, he gave it to the family of Lancafter. At this time came out the editt, which our lawyers call difium de Kinel- vicrtb, by which it was enafted, that all who had taken arms againit the K. fhould pay 5 years value of all their lands ; and balls of ftor.e 16 inches diameter are ftill found here, which are fuppofed to have been thrown in flings during the wars above-mentioned. K. Edw. II. was one while kept prifoner here. At the Difi". the fite of its mon. was given by K. Hen. VIII. to Sir And. Flamock, by whofe daughter it came to John Colborn, Efq; who, having bought horfesthat had been ftolen out of the ftables of the Earl of Leicefter, was flighted into a furrender of it to the faid Ear), who obtained a grant of it from Q._Eliz. who alfo granted him the caftle. He is faid to hava laid out 60,000 /. in rebuilding and adorning it, and to have entertained that Q^and her court here 17 days, in a moft gny and fplendid manner, with the greateft variety and magni- ficence of feafts and {hews, there be- ing drank no lei's than 320 hogfheads of common beer, which is mentioned only to fliew the largenefs of the royal retinue. From that Earl it pafled to Sir Robert, his natural fon, who fold it to Prince Henry, on whofe death without iffue it came to Prince Charles, who committing the cuftody of it to Ld. Carey, his elded fon, and Tha. Carey, Efq; the in- heritance was granted to Lawrence Hide, afterwards created Baron of Kenilsvorth-Caftle and Earl of Ro- chefter j but the caftle, in the late civil wars, was demolished by thofe who purchafed it of the Pt. in or- der to make money of the materials, K E Before the Conq. Kenelworth was *. member of Stonelcy, being an ancient demefnc of the crown, and had a caftle on the bank of the Avon, in the woods oppofite to Stoneley-Ab- bey, which ftood upon a place called Horn-Hill, but was demolished in the wars bet. K. Edmund and Ca- nute theDar.e. The afore fa id Eail of Leicefter, who got the grant of the fecond caftle, as above, obtained a Mt. here of Q._ Eliz. for W. and a Fair on Midfurmr.cr.day, but the former, if not the latter, has been long dilufed. Upon a i'urvey of the caftle before the purchafe of it by Prince Henry, it was 7 acres in com, within the walls, whxh \vefii in many places from 15 to zo feet thick. The cattle and 4. gatehoufes were all bulk of hewn free-ftone. By the caftle-walls runs a pool of in acres, through which run feve- ral pretty dreams, abounding both with fiih and fowl. The ciicuit of the cnftle, manors, parks, ?<.-. all together, is 19 or 20 m. Ki NNARDINGTON, (Kent) near. Appledore, though not very healthy, has had very noble owners, even be- fore and fince it came by marriage to Sir Thomas Mackworth. His d,-~ fcendants fold it to the Home-, of Horne-PJace in Appledore, in whofe family it continued till the R. of Q^ Elizabeth, when the heirefs-gneral matching with Mr. Gulford, a Ro- man Catholick, who went with her beyond fca, to avoid taking t! of fupremacy, forfeited it to the Q^ who gave it to Walter Moyle, Efq;. Its Ch. being fired with lightning 200 years ago, a much lefs Ch. was afterwards built out of the materiJ., chiefly at the expence of M. Home, then Ld. of the manor. KENNZ, (Devon.) near Exeter, is a reftory of 450 /. a year, and the feat of John Short, Efq;. This p. was the ancient inheritance of the Earls of Devon, but is now in the crown, nnd was leafed to Mr. "Wai- tham, late recorder of Exeter. fib* KKN- K E KEKNEDON, (Devon,} in the p. f Sherford, bel. formerly to the Balles, and then to the Halfes. KENNET-EAST, (Wilts) on the downs 4 m. from Maryborough, near the fource of the r. from whence it takes name. Hard by is Silbury- Jiill, which is thought to have been aft up by men's labour ; and in the neighbourhood are feveral forts of fcarrows, fuppofed to have been the burial-places of foldiers. KENNET-WEST, or LITTLE, {Witts} near the former, has a field in which are three great upright ftones, vulgarly called the Devil'i Coits, which Dr. Plot thinks were certain deities of the pagan Britons j they ftand near the road from Shep- herd's-Shord to Marlborough. KENNING TON, (Kent) near Afti- ford, was ajways, according to the import of the name, a royal manor, as well as Kenilbrooke, another ma- nor in this p. which Will, the Conq. annexed to his royal manor of Wye, and being reckoned an appendage of it, followed its fate at the DifT. when it was taken from the patri- mony of Battle-Abbey. Q^ Eliz. granted it to her kinfman, Henry Ory Ld. Hunfdon, whofe grandfon, Henry Earl of Dover, fold it to Sir Tho. Finch, in whofe family, now Earls of Winchelfea, it refted. KENNINGTON, (Surry) near Vauxhall, is one of the 8 precincts of the p. if Lambeth. In the R. of Edw. III. it was the eftate of Roger d' Amory, who forfeiting it by his fe- dition, thatK. gave it to Hugh De- ipenler Earl cf Winchefter, for life, with remainder to his fon Hugh, and his heirs. It is fuppofed to have keen a royal ftat, while it was in that King's hands, and afterwards, though there is no token of it 10 be difcovered now. However, it has the honour of giving the title of Earl to the D. of Cumberland. Kennington- Common is noted for the execution of malefactors, K E KENSINGTON, (Midd.} in the weftern road from London, near 2 m. from Hide-Park-Corner, was given by Will, the Conq. to Alben de Vere, anceftor of the Veres Earls of Oxford, in whofe family it remained many generations. It was at length the feat of Ld. Finch, high-chancellor of England, afterwards Earl of Notting- ham, but of no note till purchafed by K. Will. III. who converted it into a royal palace, and cauied a royal way to be made to it, through St. James's and Hide-Parks, and lamp-poih to be ereded on each fide of it. His good Q. firft inlarged the gardens, whi-Jv her filter and fuccelTor Q._Anne im- proved ; but the late Q._ Caroline compleated them, by extending them from the great road in Kenfington to the Aclon road, by bringing thaC called the Serpentine r. into them, and by taking in fome acres out of Hide-Park, on which fhe caufed a mount to be creeled, with a chair en' it that could be eafi!y turned round' for iheiter from the wind. This mount is planted about with ever- greens, and commands a fine view over the noble gardens, to the country S. and W. This place, in' which K. William, Prince George of Denmark, arid Q._ Anne died, gives title of Baron to the Earl of Warwick and Holland. The Ch. bel. before the Ref. to the abbey of Abingdon. The old one was pulled down in 1696, and a much bet- ter built in its room. Part of this village, from the palace- gate to the' Bel], is in the p. of St. Margaret's^ Weltmintter. KENSWORTH, ( Hartford. ) on the edge of the County,' mid-way between Dunftable and Market- ftrect, i m. E. of Studham, is a manor that was given by Edward the Confeflbr to St. Paul's Ch. Lon- don, the D- and C. of which have from time to time held courts here. Every tenant, on admiflion to his copyhold here, pays but \ d. fine, either K E KE either upon defcent or purchafe, be the Value of the land more or lefs ; and the fame is paid for the relief of their free lands. Kenfworth-Grcen is a foliation furprizingly fine, being half a mile in length, a good turf, and level, with Whipfnade woods on the back of it, and rows of high trees on each fide. There is nothing to be feen from it one way but fky, and the other only gives a view of the top of a grove in Market- Cell. KENTBURY, (Berks) on theS.E. fide of Hungcrford, is a large p. which gives name to an H. Part of the manor, where the Ch. ftands, did bel. to Sir Jemmet Raymond its patron, whofe feat was at Barton on the other fide of the r. KENTISBEAR, (Devon.) on the r. Culm, E. of Columbton, late the eftate of Ld. Bonvile, and of Sir John Windham. KEVTOS, {Devon.} at the influx of the Ken into the Ex, near C|iud- leigh. It is the curtom of this manor, that if the ifiue of any of the tenants hold their tenements three defa-nts fucceflively, they may claim the in- licritance of the tenement. The r.:irk of Kent were once Lds. of it, ir ti: u hum it went by marriage to the Eitl of Weftrnoreland, and at hft to the crown. K. Henry III. granted it a Mt. and a Fair on All- S.:intt-Jaj, both long dilv.fed. This eftate was fince purchafcd by Will. Clifton of London, and, afte'r fome dd'centi in that family, was fold to Sir John Heale, a ferjcant at law. KENT-SAND, (Lane.) is a bay in the N.W. part of the Co. which receives the r. Ken, but has fuch dangerous quick-fands, that a guide is kept there for travellers, at his Majefty's expcnce. K r r E Y R E, (Durham) on the Were, near Durham, had anciently an hof. endowed with certain lands, which after the Diff. becoming ihe eftate of Sir Will. Paget, fecretary *f ftate to Hen. VIII. were made over to the K. for certain lands in Staf- ford/hire and Cheshire. KERSAL, (Not:.) near Beflhorp, bel. for a confiderable time to the Robertfons, till about the middle of the laft century, it fell to Mr. Gar- non, by the death of his uncle John Robertfon, die laft heir-male, 'and was afterwards fold. Several parts of this manor were anciently given to religious ufes, particularly one parcel to the abbey of Rufford, with which it was afterwards granted to the Earl of Shrewibury. (?* KESWICK, (Cumb.) in the p. ot Crosfthwaite, 230 cm. 283 mm. from London, ftands on the fide of a lake, in a fruitful plain, almoft encompafil-d with wet dewy moun- tains, called the Derwent-Fell?, and protected from the N. winds by the lofty Skiddaw. It was noted long ago for mines of bkick-lend ; and the miners, who me its chief inh. have wdter-vvoiks by the Derwent, for find ting the lead, and'fawing boards. Here is a workhoufe for the poor of this T. and p. the gift of a native of this T. -viz.. Sir John Banks, Kt. formerly attorney- general. Its Mt. on S. was granted by Edw. I. at the fuit of Tho. Earl of Derwentwater, then Lord of the manor, from whom it defended to the Ratcliffs by in- heritance. The Fair is July zz. (f^ 5 KETTERING, (AV.'/6,m'/>. ) 57 cm. 72 mm. from London, is a handfome populous T. of good trade, by a r. that runs into the Nen, wi;h a 1'cflions-houfe for the Co. and a fmnll hof. Near 2000 hands are faid to be employed here in the mf. of fhalloons, tammies and ferges. The woollen trad* was introduced here in the lait century by one Mr. Jordan. Here is a ch. fc. of 20 girls employed in fpinning jerfeys. The Mt. here is on F. and Fairs Tu. before Softer^ Softer -Tb. the Tbs. before Micbael- ma>, and St. Tbcmais-day. KETTLEBASTON, (Suff.) ftands on the r. Breton, near Bilfton, and bel, in the R. of Henry VI. Will. Bb 3 Jc K E TO K I 4c h Pole D. of Suffolk, who held it by the fervice of carrying a golden fceptre with a dove on the head of it at the K's. coronation, and an ivory fceptre with a golden dove at the coronation of the Q^ K.ETTLEBY, (Line?) on theW. fide of Alford, near Glandford-Brigg, formerly the refidence of one Kcttell, has a park, with the feat of the equeftrian family of the Tiivvhitts. KETTLEWELL, (York. W. R.) lies under a hill Let. Langfoethdale chace and Netherdale, and was the Lp. of the family of the Greys of Rother- field. In 1686, its ir.h. were almoft all drowned, by a violent flood in a thunder-ftorm, as were thofe alto of Stsrbotton the next village. KETTO'N, (Ru:l.) on a rivulet that runs into the Welland, near Tinewell, bef. in the R. of Eciw. II. to Ralph de Greneham. It was in the crown in the R. of Henry VIII. v/ho gave it tJ Mr. James Gurter and his heirs ; but he alienated it, by that K's. licence, to Sir Jsrnes Har- rington and his heirs. Here is a certain rent collected yearly from ths inh. by the {herlff, of 2 s, a yesr fro Ocr-;s Rcgin.t, which is Lr.tLi fcr the Qj, boots, though we dent read of any who wore them. The Ch. here is the neattft in all thefe parts, having the form of a little ca- thedral. ST.KEVERN, (Ccrnic.) on the S. W. fide of Faimouth-Hayen, \vheie the firft occafion was given of the Cornifli commotion, in 1549. KEW, (Surry) on the Thame.t, oppcfite to Old Brentford, has a cha- pel", of eafe to Kingfton upon Thames, which was built on ground given by tte late Q._ Anne, at theexpence of c'i- vers of the nobility and gentry in the neighbourhood. The late Mr. Mo- Jineux, who was fccretary to his pre- 1'rnt Majefty v/>,en Prince of Wales, had a fine feat hete, amcng other very pleafant one?, on the Green, laid to have the beft. fruit in England, by that great ilatclffian and gardiner the Ld. Capel. In the late o- rough, is a barony in fee, that lay dormant for feme time bet. the late E. of Scarborough and Sir Charles Ho- tham, Bt. It bel. formerly to the Thwengs, whofe eftate defcended to the barons of Lumley, Hilton, and Daubeney. Here is the feat of Mr. TuUie. KILVINGTON, (A T *.'r.) nearNor- manton, formerley bel. to the Staun- tons, till fold by Harvey Staunton, Efq; to Mr. Cartwright. K.IMBERLEY, ( JVott. ) OH the N. W. fide of Nottingham, bet. the Erwafli and the Lyne, was granted by Hen. VII. to Sir John Salvage, who fold it to the family of Manners Ds. cf Rutland. There was a priory here, whofe lands were given at the DifT. to Sir Will. Hufley, and after, to Mr. Morifon ; from whom they de- fcended to the Ld. Capels pofterity, now Es. of Effex. g^> KIMBOLTON, with its caf- th, .#/.) 54 cm. 6amm. from London, on the b. of Bedford/hire, formerly the feat of the Mandevils, ai.'d afterwards of the Bohuns, Staf- fords, and Wingfields, from which hit it patted by fale to the Monta- gues, is a great ornament to this W. part of the Co. Sir Rich. Wingfield bi'ilt new lodgings and galleries on the old foundations of this caflle, which was very ftronsz, and had a double ditch. Hen. Montague E. of Manchefter fpared no coft in beauti- fy;fig the caftle ; but it has been much improved, or rather new built in a very fine manner, by his great grandfon Charles D. of Manchefter, to whom it gave title of Baron. The Mt. here is Fr. Fairs July 23, Aug. 30, and Nm. 29. Q;_ Catherine, after her divorce from Hen. VIII. re- fjded fome time in this caftle, wherein fhe was jointured, it having been for- feited to the crown by the Staffcrds. After her death the crown gave it to the Wingfields above mentioned. 13 KTKXTON, (War.} 6iem, 89 mm. from London, was, as the name imports, the Kings-Town, and held by our Ks. if not before, yet certainly by Edw. the Conf. and Will, the Conq. K. John, who kept his court in a caftle here, granted the manor in fee-farm to Stephen de Segrave, and his heirs, wbo obtained of Hen. III. a charter for its Mt. on Tit. with the addition of its Fair on Jur; 29. It afttrwards came, by marriage, to the Marquis cf Berkley, and continued in that family to the R. ofQ^Eliz. in whofe time Fran. Ay!- worth purchafed it of Henry Ld. Berk- ley ; and his fon Peter Aylworth fold it, in the R. of J=mes I. to Sir Fulk Greville, anceftor of the Ld. Brook, in whole family it ftill continue?. Its Ch. which was given to the canons of Kenilworth by Hen. I. was rebuilt in the R. of Edw. II. The Mt. here is chiefly for black cattle, the Fairs June 1.4 *n& Sept. 21. KINETON-PAR VA, (Warw. ) a hamlet of the former, was chiefly the eftate of the canons of Kenilworth, but was granted by Hen. VIII. to Rich. Andrews and Leon. Chamber- lain ; and the manor is fmce become the pofieflion of Edw. Bentley, Elq$ who married a daughter of Sir Charles Shuckburgh. KJNGLE, {Wanu.} a hamlet or manor of Kynnerton, near Ragley, bel. formerly to the abbat of Eve/ham. From Edw. III. to the R. of Hen. VI. it bel. to the Roufes, and in that of Rich. III. toRich. Burdet, of Arrow, Efq; from whom it came, by mar- riage, to Ld. Con way. KiNGOAr>, (Glu.) in the Avon, where the Briftol fliips, outward- bound, generally take their departure, as ours do from Grave-fend. 3"" KINOSBRIDGE, (Devon.) ijocm. 201 mm. from London, is a pretty T. with a harbour for boats. 'Tis a chapel of eafe to Chefton, ha a bridge over the Salcomb to Dod- brook 5 and formerly bel. to the Es. flV K I K I ef Devon, till, by the attainder of one feftiaria of filver, chequered and cna- of the family, it came to the crown, melled. and was purchafed by Sir Will. Petre, KING'S-FERR Y, (Kent] the com* anceftor of the prefent Ld. Petre. mon way from the main land into the Here is a Mt. on 5. and a Fair on ifle of Shepey, where a cable of about St. Peer's- Jay, July 20 ; and a fr. fc. 140 fathom in length, faftened at each founded and endowed by Mr. Crifpin end a-crofs the water, ferves to get of Exeter. the boat over by hand. For the KINGSBURV, (Hartf.) at the W. maintenance of this ferry, and keep- end of St. Albans, has its name from ing up the highway leading to it thro' the Saxon Ks. who often kept their the mar/hes for above i m. in length, court here, till it was purchafed by and for fupporting a wall againft the the monks of .the neighbouring ab- sa, the land-occupiers tax themfelves bey, to whom the refort of fo many yearly I d. per acre for frefh. rnarfh-, of the nobility thither was an eye-, land, and I d. for every 10 acres of lore. After the Dill", it was conveyed fait marm-Jand. Here is a houfe for to John Cox, the grand-father of Sir the ferry-keeper, who is obliged to Rich. Cox, who fold it, in the R. of tow all travellers over free, except oo K. James I. to Ld. Verulam ; by thefe four days, vix. Paln-M. Whit- whom it was conveyed. to Sir Tho, M. St.jf^rK-^s-tiay, and Micbadmet- Meautys ; and from- him it parted to day, when a horfeman pays i. d. and Sir Sam. Grimfton,'Bt. a footman id. But on Sunday, a* KINGSBURY, (/fflr7.)-ftands on after 8 o'clock at night, the ferry- the r. Tame, in a delightful fituation keeper demands 6d. of every horfe^ amongft woods, hills, and fine mea- man, and 2 J. of every footman, dows, on theb. of Sutton-Chace, and whether ftrangers, or the land-occu- is fuppofed to have been the feat of piers. fomeof the Mercian Ks. It bel. for- KINGSFORD, alias KINO-TON, merly to the Bracebriggs, but was fold (Want).'} in the ps. of Bickenhill and to Sir Ambrofe Cave, Chanc. of the Solihull, is a. very ancient place, and duchy of Lancafter j from whom it had a Ch. In the R. of Hen. III. pafied, by marriage, to Hen. Knolles, which, in that of Edw. II. was only Efqj ancj, .by his daughters, to the reputed a chapel to Bikenhill. la Willoughbies, who were its owners the R. of Hen. VI. and VII. it bel. in 1640. to the Montforts ; of whom Sir (J3 3 KJNGSCLERS, (Hump.) on Simon dying attainted, it came jp the edge. of the downs near Berk/hire, the crown , when it was foon granted is a pleafant T. in the Oxford road to the E. of Kildare ; whofe fon be- from Bafingftoke, 45 cm. 52mm. ing alfo attainted, it reverted to the from London, and was once the feat crown, and in the R. of Edw. VI of the Saxon K.S. Ithasa-Mt. onT. was granted to Sir Tho. Lucy of KINGS'COT, (Clot.) ontheE,.fid C-hcrlecote, who fold it to Tho. Da- of Durfley, is a chapel of esfe to Be- bridgccourt, Eiq;. verfton. It bel.. in the Conqueror's K.INGSHAUGH, (Nutting.) t& tho- time, to the honor of Berkeley ; but N. E. of Tuxford, was a roysl de- it has been, above 590 years, in the mefne, held, in thcR. of Hen. Ill; by family of Kingfcot, by marriage with Simon Montfort E. of Leicefter, and' a daughter of Ld. Berkeley of Ber- after him by Jeff, de Langley. In the keley-Caflle. Here is fuppofed to R. of Hen. VIII. it bel. to Rich, have been a Roman ftation, from a Nevil ; and in that of Q^ Eliz. to multitude of Roman coins ploughed Auguftine Earl, in whofe family it up there fome years ago, befides a hath continued ever finer, or till very Urge itatue of itone, and Fibula lately. KINGS- K I KINGSHURST, (War.) on theW. fide of Cole/hill, bel. in the R. of Edw. III. to the Montforts ; whofe defcendant, Sir Edmund, made a park here, in the R. of Hen. VI. but it came afterwards to the Digby family, who enjoyed it in 1640. KIN'GS-NOTH, (font) on the S. fide of AMord, was once the manor and feat of a family of that name. It being forfeited afterwards to the crown, K. Rich. II. gave it to Sir Tho. Brown, of Bechwcrth-Caftle in Surry, with a charter for a park and free- warren, and a Fair on Sept. 29. The principal part of it being after- wards fold to cardinal Kemp, he fet- tled it, in theR. of Hen. VI. on his college at Wye ; but K. Hen. VIII. gave it to Ld. Cromwell, afterwards E. of EfTex ; upon whofe attainder it reverted to the K. who difpofed of one moiety of it to Sir John Baker, whofe fuccefibr fold it to Mr. Powel of Ewherft ; and the other moiety remained in the crown, till Q. Eliz. granted it to her kinfman, Hen. Ca- rey, who was afterwards Ld. Hunf- don ; whofe grandfen, Henry E. of Dover, conveyed it to Sir Tho. Finch, whofe pofterity, the Es. of Winchel- fea and Nottingham, have enjoyed it fince. KINGSTON, (Nott.) on the Soare, near Leicefter/hire, was formerly the feat of the Babingtons, till a part of it was forfeited by Anth. Babington, for being in a confpiracy againft Q^_ Eliz. and the Other part was fold by his brother Francis to George E. of Shrewfbury, whofe daughter, the Cfs. of Kent.conveyed it to the Lady Hide; whofe defcendant, Sir Thomas, was not very long ago the owner of it. ING ETON UP ON THAMES, {Surry] ic cm. 12 rnm. from London, whofe old name was Moreford, is fo called, from its having been the refi- dence of feveral of our Saxon Ks. fome ef whom were crowned here on a ftage in the Mt. -place. It has a wooden bridge, of 22 piers and 20 arches, over the Thames, which is K I navigable here by barges ; and is ge- nerally the place for the fumfner- aflizes of this Co. there being a gal- lows on the top of the hill that over, looks it. *Tis a populous, trading, well- built T. and in the Rs. of K. Edw.II. and III. fent members to Pt. Here is a fr. fc. erected and endowed by Q._Eliz. an alm/h. built in 1670 by aid. Cleave of London, for 6 men and 6 women, and endowed with lands to the value cf ?o/. a year ; and a ch. fc. for 30 beys, who are nil cloathed. Hircomb's-PIacehere, lately the feat of Mr. Wright, a bencher of the Middle -Temple, was the houfe of the famous King-making E. of Warwick. Here is a fpacious Ch. with 8 beils, in which, befides the pidlures of the Saxon Ks. that were crowned here, is K. John's, who gave this T. its firft charter of incorporation. Here is a good Mt. for corn, &e. on 5. Fairs on Tb. in Wbii$un-W. July 22, and Nrv, 2, the latter chiefly for Welch cattle. The bridge was en- dowed by Mr. Rob. Hamon, its bailiff in 1567, with 40 /. a year in land, for its maintenance for ever, which took off the toll that was given to fupport it before. There is another bridge here of brick over a ftream, that comes from a fpiing in a cellar 4m. above the T. and forms fuch a brook, as to drive 2 mills not above a bow- /hot from it, and from each other. KINGSTON, (Staff.) near the Blyrh, on the W. fide of Needwcod- Foreft, bel. formerly to the Greafleys j by whom it was fold to Sir Walter Afton, and by him to Henry Goreing, Efq;. KINGSTON, (Warn.} near Cla- verdon, and in the p. of Chefrerton, bel. formerly to the monks of Abing- don in Berks j afterwards to the fa- mily of Kingfton, then to the Leys, and in 1640 to the Verneys. KTNGSTON-BAGPUR, BAKI- FUZE,BAPTIST, is a large p. of at leaft 10 bsrnlets. Here are marks of a Rcrmn fiction. It had the name from befn an alien priory fubordinate to a men. at Angiers in Franc*. In the R. of Hen. III. it had a charter for a Mt. on IV, and a Fair at M^d jammer ; but in the R. cf Ed\v. I. "the Mt. was altered to Tu. In the R. of Rich. U. it was united- to the Carthufians mon. in the Ifle of Axholm. At the Biff, it w.as granted by K. Henry VHI. to Tho. Manning Bp. of Ipfwich, for his life, with remainder to Cha.. Bran- don D. cf Suffolk, and his heirs ; from which D. the manor devolved to Hen. Cray D. of Suffolk. It went af- terwards by marriage to Edward Sey- mour Earl of Hartford, grandfather tc. Will. Marquis cf Hertford, \\ho fold it n Mary Ccun\efs of Bucks, who fettled it on her graccfcn, BaJil I.i. Fitting, afterwards Earl if Den- bijh. The Ch. is vcrv large, and had a very tail fpiie, which fcrved as a land -mark all over the country* till the inh. to fave the charge 9f repairs, pulled down above 20 feet of it. It was blown down, on Chrift- mas-day at night, in 1722, but is fmce rebuilt. KIRKBY, or KERBY, {Nortb- amp.) a feat of Ld. Hatton's, 3 m. from Rockingham, which is, or wa$ lately, of particular note for its par- dens, inriched with a vaiiety of the moft valuable exotics, and a wilder- nefs with almoft all the fpecies of our Englifli trees, ranged in fine order. KIRKBY IN AsHriziD, (ffctt.) on the S. W. fide of Mansfield. It was the Stutevilles manor from the R. of Hen. II. toEdw.III. when one of them forfeited it to the K. who gave it to John Darcy, whofe pofte- rity enjoyed it -many fucceflions, when it went by marriage to Sir John Conyers, whofe heirs fold it to Sir Cha. Cavendifh j and it is fince be- come the D. of Newcaftle's. Sir Cha. had begun a great houfe here, on a hill by the foreft fids near Annefley- Woodhoufe, but being afiaulted and wounded by Sir John Stanhope and his men, as he was ordering the work, he uifcontinued it, to prevent the farther effbfion of blood in the quarrel, which was then very hot bet. the two families. Ki R K B Y-!R EL ZTH, (.LZBC.) near the Dudden-Sands, has a-ftately feat, giving name to the Kirkbys, who have been Lds. of it ever fince the Conqpeft. The manor- houfe is called Kirkby-Crofs-Hcufc, from a crofs which flood before the gate, till Sandys Abp. of York ordered the top of it to be brcke gff. (JC^ K.I R K B Y -LON S D A L E, (#^?.) 182 cm. 231 mm. from London, is called Kirkby from the Ep. of Car- lille of that name, \vho routed the Scots, and was, it is faid, a native of it. It is a -pretty large T. with a woollen mf, and a Mt. en Tu. It tas a fair Ch. and A good ftone- bridge over the Lone. Frofn its Ch.- yard and die banks of the r. there is K I K I a very fine profpect of the mountains at a vaft diftance, as well as of the courfe of the r. which abounds with falmon, trout, fc. and provifions of all forts are very cheap here. This T. gives the title of Vifc. to the fa- mily of Lowther. Jtj* KlRKEY-MoRES IDE, (Tork. N. R.) 167 cm. 198 mm. from London, fo called becaufe it lies on the fide of Blackmoor, bel. for- merly to the Stutevilles, till one of them forfeited it to K. Edw. I. who gave it to his fon the Eirl of Kent, after which it went by marriage to Sir Tho. Holland. The Mt. here is IR KEY -STEVEN, or STE- PHEN'S-CHURCH, (Weft.} iSScm. 223 mm. from London, ftands on the r. Eden, is noted for the mf. of yarn ftockings, and has a fr. fchool, founded and endowed by the Whar- ton family. Its Mt. is on F. and the Fairs on Wbitfon-M. St. Mark's and St. Lukis. KIRKBY-THORE, (Weft.} ftands alfoon the r. Eden, N.W. of Ap- pleby, and bel. formerly to the Lds. Clifford. Below it are the vaft ruins ef an ancient T. where Roman coins and urns are now and then dug up. The people call it Whelp-Caftle. The old military-way runs through it, called the Maiden- Way, becaufe it began at Maiden-Caftle in Stain- more in Yorldh. N. R. $^> KIRKH AM, (Lane.) 162 cm. 191 mm. from London, ftands near the Ribble, 6 m. from the Irilh fea, in that part of the Co. called the Field-Lands. It has -a Mt. on 7a. Fair June 24, and a fr. fc. well en- dowed by Mr. Colborn, a citizen of London, in 1674, with 3 mafters, one of whom is obliged to preach a lecture once a month in the mother- Ch. or fome chapel in the p. KIRKLEES, (Tork. W. R. ) on the Calder, 3 m. from Huthersfield, had once a nunnery. In the park near it is the funeral-monument of that generous highwayman Robin Hood ; and on the adjacent moor are two little hills, called Robin Hood's Butts. Sir John Armitage, Bt. has a feat here. KIRK-LETHUM, (York. N. R.) near the mouth of the Tees, has a ftately hof. for 40 poor people, built and generoufly endowed by a native, Sir Will. Turner, Ld.-mayor of Lon- don, anna 1669. (^ KIR K-OSWALD, (Cumb.} on the Eden, 210 cm. 248 mm. from London, had formerly a caftle built by the Engains, augmented by Sir Sir Hugh Morvil, (one of thofe that killed Tho. Becket) who in the R. of K. John inclofed the park, and quite fmifhed by Tho. Dacres, who made a moat round it 5 but it was demoliflied above 100 years ago. The late Timothy Tetheftonhang had a feat here, as has now the Earl of Suflex. The Mt. is on Tb. KIRKS-HEAD, (Weftmor.} near Levens and the r. Ken, where is an old round building, laid to have been a temple of Diana. KIRKSTAL, (Tort. W. R.) on the N. W. fide of Leeds, has ftill the remains of an abbey, which after the Did. was given to Mr. Pakeman. Here are feveral corn and fulling- mills, a ftone-bridge over the Are, which was made navigable hither in the year 1698, and an iron- forge, with a mill for flitting iron into fmall bars and rods. It was the feat of the late Ben. Wade, Efq;. KIRKSTON, (Nott.) on the N. fide of Bingham, gave name to its ancient Lds, from whom it palled Ly marriage to the Leeks, and by them to the Whalleys, of whom was Edw. Whalley, major-general in the Ft. army. KIRTI.INGTON, (Nott.) on the N. fide of Southwell, was in the R. of Henry IV. the eftate of Sir John Dunham ; but was afterwards pur- chafed by Dr. John Mere ; and John More, fon of Sir Edward More, a Scots Bart, made a very fair park, here, Cc Kw. K I TO K N KIRTOJ:, (Nott.) on the W. fide of Tuxford, did bel. to the mon. of Rufford, but at the Diff. was given to the Earl of Shrewsbury. The Clarkfons family had a feat here for many fuccefiions. 3* KIRTON, (Line.) 117 cm. 136 mm. from London, had its name from its kirk, or Ch. which is truly magnificent. It has a Mt. on 6'. and Fairs April 30, and Augujl 10. This place is famous for the pippin, which, when grafted on its own itock, is called the renate. It gives name to its H. in which are four vil- lages of the fame name. Ki T T' s-CoT T y- Ho us t.,(Kent) en the N. fide of Aylesford, has a monument of flones, tomething like Stone-Henge, where Cotigern the Britifh general, who was killed in battle with Horia the Saxon general, in the neighbourhood, is fuppofed to have been buried. KiVETON-TowER, ( York/hire, W. R.) 6 m. from Rotherham, the feat of Sir Rich. Ofborn, Bt. (in the R. of K. Cha. I.) to whofe pofterity, the Ds. of Leeds, it gives title of Baron, and they have a feat here, about i m. from Afton, which was built in the R. of Cha. II. by Sir Thorms, the firft D. of that name, and ftands in a good air, with a fine profpedr, a canal, pleafant gardens, and a large park, through which the D. of Leeds has cut a vifta, to take in Laughton fteeple, about 3 m. off". K.NAFTHORP, (Netting.) on the K. W. fide of Newark, bel. formerly to the Deincourts, but in the R. of Edw. III. it went by marriage of two fefters the heirefles to Sir Nicholas Longford and Sir John Buffy. The atter's moiety, after paffmg through divers families, came in the R. of Q^Eliz. to William Mafon and his heirs. The moiety of the former continued many fucceffions in that family, and, for ought we know, remains in it ftill ; but the Buflys art came afterwards to the Suttons, on* of whonj to William Thorold, Efq; of Lincolnfliire, whofe defendant, Sir John Thorold, fold it to Sir John Thorney, and it was enjoyed by his great gnmdfon, John Thorney, E%. KNAP TOP T, (Leic.) on the E. fide of Lutterworth, near the fource of the Swift, belonged in the R. of Edward I. to the Gobions ; in that of Hen. V. to Sir John Paynel, and afterwards to the family of the Tur- pins, defcended from thofe of Nor- thumberland, who have ftill, or lately had, their feat here. # KNARESBOROUGH, (York/b. W. R.) 13 m. from York, 149 cm. 175 mm. from Londcn, is an ancient Bor. by prefcription, called by fo- reigners the Yorkfhire-Spaw. It is almcft encompaffed by the r. Nid, which iflues from the bottom of Craven-Hills, and had a priory, with a caftle, long fince demolished, on a craggy rock, from whence it took the name. The T. is about 3 fur- longs in length ; and the p. is fa- mous for four medicinal fprings, near each other, and yet of different qua- lities. I. The fweet-fpaw, or vitrio- line well, in Knareiborough-foreft, 3 m. from the T. which was difco- vered in 162.0 by Mr. Slingfby. 2. The ftinking fpaw, or fulphur, which tinges filver with the colour of copper, but is very faetid, and therefore ufed only in bathing. 3. St. Mungo's, a cold bath, 4 m. from the 'i'. 4. The dropping-well, which is in the T. and the moft noted petrifying well in England, fj called by reafon of its dropping from the fpungy rock hang- ing over it. Tlx:re is a tradition that mother Shipton was born near this rock. The ground which receives it, before it joins the well, is, for 12 yards long, become a folid rock. From the well it runs into the Nid, where the fpring-water has made a rock, that flrctches feme yards into the r. The adjacent fields are noted for liquorice, and a foft yellow marie, which is a rich manure. The Lp. was formerly Piers de Gaveilon's, and K N and is fince parcel of the duchy of Lancafter, and the T. is governed by a bailiff". The Slingfby family, who have a feat here, were made here- ditary rangers of its foreft, by K. Edw. I. Its baths are not fo much frequented, fmce Scarborough-Spaw came in vogue. The Mt. is W. Here is a ftone-bridge over the r. near one end of which is a cell dug out of the rock, and called St. Robert's chapel. KNATH, (Line.) near Gainefbo- rough, was the birth-place of Mr. Sutton, founder of the Charterhoufe, the feat of the Barons Darcy, and finte of Ld. Willoughby of Parham. K.NAVESTON, (Leic.} on the S. fide of Hallaton, bel. formerly to the neighbouring priory of Olwefton ; but after the DiflT. K. Edw. VI. gave it to Gregory Ld. Cromwell. KNZ.BWORTH, ( Hartf. ) bet. Hartford and Hitching, bel. in the R. of Edw. I. to Rob. de Hoc, who obtained a Mt. here on F. and a Fair at Midjummer ; in the next R. to Tho. de Brotherton, 5th fon to K. Edw. I. by whofe daughter it went, in marriage, to John de Segrave, and after his deceafe to her ad hu(band, Sir Walter Manny. Upon her death it went to John Hotoft, and foon af- ter to Sir Tho. Bourchier, who fold it, in the R. of Hen. VII. to Rob. Lytton of Derby/hire, in whofe fa- mily it has continued to this day ; tor though in the R. of Cha. II. Sir Will. Lytton gave it to Sir Geo. Strode's eldeft fon, he left it to Will. Robinfon Lytton. The manor-houfe ftands in a large park, well wooded, and flocked with the beft deer in the Co. Its fituation is on a hill, or knap, from whence it has the name. K.NEESALE^A'Wr.) on theN.W. fide of Newark, was formerly given to religious ufes, but granted by K. Hen. VIII. to Sir John Hufley ; whofe fon being attainted in the R. of Edw. VI. it was given to Edw. Fien- n<-s, Ld. Clinton and Say ; but at length it palled to the Picrpoints. K N K.NEVETON,(Aforr.) on the Trent, bet. Nottingham and Newark. This manor, in the R. of Edw. VI. was held of the K. in capite, by Sir Edw. Molineux. It was afterwards en- clofed by Geo. Lafcelles, Efq; and mortly after fold to the Lady Dormer ; from whom it pafied to Sir Henry More, and fo to the Marq. of Dor- chefter, who, about 1665, fold it to Sir Fran. Molyneux, Bt. who new built the manfion-houfe, and made It his feat. A good (hare was bougl-t of Edw. Mower, and fome of Tho. Beane, which Mr. Pochin of Leicef- ter/hire fold to Mr. Hacker ; whofe fon, the colonel, fold it to Eliz. re- lidt of Fran. Thornhaugh, and after- wards wife of William Skeffingtort. Mr. John Story had alfo a conlidera- ble fliare, which his grandfather William purchafed of Mr. Molyneux. KNIGHTCOTE, {Warto.} on the N.E. fide of Kineton, was heretofore a member of the manor of Daflet, and bel. in the R. of Hen. VII. to Will. Hufley; but fo late as 1640 to Sir John Smith of Crabbet in Suflfex. KNIGHTESTON, (Devon. ) near St. Mary's-Ottery, was formerly the eftate of Lds. of its own name. In the R. of Edw. III. it came to Tho. Bitlefgate, whofe family enjoyed ic divers defcents ; and it was, not very long ago, purchafed by Mr. Will. Sherman. KNIGHTLEY, (Staff.} on the W. fide of Stafford, has a park, through which runs the r. Penk, or Rowley- Water. It came from a family of that name, by marriage, to Roger Pefhall ; from whom it went, by marriage of his daughter, to Will. Leigh, who dying without iflue, it pafled to Rich. Pefhall of Chetwind, heir to Roger aforefaid ; in whofe fa- mily it continued feveral fucceffions, till it pafled, by marriage, to Sir John Blount, whofe fon, Sir George, gave all his lands to his nephew Rowland Lacon. KNIGHTLOW-HILL, or CROSS, which gives name to a H. in Wat- C c a luickjhire, K N K N luhkjhire, ftands in the road from Coventry to London, at the entrance of Dunfmore-Heath. About 40 Ts. in this H. which are fpecified by Dugdale, are obliged, on the forfei- ture of 30 s. and a white bull, to pay a certain rent to the Ld. of this H, called Wroth-Money, orSivarj "-Penny ; which muft be depofited, every Mar- tina aft-day in the morning, at this erofs, before fun rile j when the party payingit muft go thrice about the crofs, and fay the Wfotb-Mtmey, and then lay it in the hole of the faid crofs before good witnefs. KNIGHT SBR IDGE, {Midd.) the firft village from London in the great weftern road, lies in the ps. of St. Margaret's Weftminfter, and St. George by Hanover-Square, and has a chapel, which is nevertheJefs inde- pendent. At the entrance of it from London ftands that noble Infirmary for lick and wounded, called St. George" s- Jiofpital, creeled and maintained by the contributions of our nobility and gentry, of whom there are not lefs than 300 governors, who have the honour of the Pr. of Wales for their prelidenr. In the centre of this vjl- lage, there is a fabrick lately creeled iy Mr. Will. Spinnage and company, where is carried on one of the muft ccnfiderable mfs. in England for paint- ing floor-cloths, &c. KNIPERSLEY, (Staff.} in the p. of Biddulph, was the eflate of a fa- mily of the fame name, from the R. of Hen. III. to thatofEdw. II, foon after which it went, by marriage, to Rob. Bowyer. There is a well in the neighbouring park,the water of which is recommended for the kings-evil. S ir Thomas Grefley, Bt. has a feat here. KNOCKING-CASTLE, (Salop) on the S. E. fide of Ofweftry, was the manor and feat of the Leftranges, from the R. of Hen. II. to Edw. IV. when it went, by marriage, to Geo. Stanley, fon to Thomas E. of Derby. KNOLL, (Wariv ) a member of the manor of Ham p ten in Arden, to the N. W. of Bal/hall, was granted by (^ Eleanor, wife to K. Edw. I. to the monks of Weftminfter. Q. Eliz. gave it to Robert E. of Leicef- ter, and his heirs ; who exchanging it with her for other lands, it reverted to the crown, and K. Jsmes I. gave it to Sir Fulk Grevil, Ld. Brook, to ' be held of the manor of Eaft-Green- wich. A chapel was eredted here, in the R. of Rich. II. which was after- wards improved to a college. near the Merfey, 133 cm. 154 mm. from London, is divided into the Up- per and Lower Ts. by a rivulet called Bicken. In the former is the Ch. and in the latter is a chapel of eafe, the Mt. and T.-houfe. The Mt. is on 5. Fairs on Wbit-Tu. for the Up- per T. and on June 24 and Of}. 23, for the Lower T. The late D. of Bridgwater was Ld. of the manor. KNOTTINGLEY, (York, W. R.) en the Aire, near Ferrybridge, is noted for its merchandize in Lime. The ftones of which it is made are dug up plentifully at Elmet, and here burnt ; from whence it is conveyed, at certain feafons, in great quantities to Wake- field, Sandal, and Standbndge, for fale, and fo carried into the W. parts of the Co. for manure. KNOWLE-HILL, (Sam.") not far from Langport. About 60 years ago, a chequered pavement of white, blue, and red, was difcovered near it. KNOWLTON, (Kent) near Wing- ham, bel. anciently to the St. Legers, one of whom fold it to the mon. of Chrift-Ch. Canterbury; after which it was exchanged with Tho. Perot, whofe female heir tranflated it, by marriage, to the Langleys, as theirs did to the Peytons ; fince which it became the eftate of Sir Tho. Daeth. KN'owsToN,(WaM.)near South- Moulton, which was formerly the manor of the Beaples, went, by mar- riage, to Sir Neal Loring, Kt. of the Garter ; and from him, by the fame means, to the Ld. Harrington, whofe heirefs carried it, in marriage, to Ld. Bonvile j K Y TO L A Bonvile ; after which it was purcha- fed by a fon of Sir Lewis Pollard. KYAR, (Wore.} near Tenbury and Sutton-Park, hss alm/hs. for poor widows, founded and endowed by Ann, daughter of Sir John Fettiplace, Bt. who married James Pytts, Efqj of this place. KYMZ-SOUTH, (Line.) nearFre- kingham, on a r. that runs into the Witham S. W. of Tatterflial, was heretofore the chief feat of a family of that name j from which it went, by marriage of the heirefs, to Gilbert d'UYnfravil, E. of Angus ; and by the fame means, from his pofterity, to the family of Talbois ; and from thence to the families of Dimock, Ingleby, V. KYNETON, (Som.) on the N. E. fide of Somerton, is naturally paved, for half a m. together, with one fmooth broad rock, which looks like ice. KYNNERTON, (War.} near Aul- cefter, is alfo called Kinewarton, from Kineward, the poffeflbr of it in the time of the Saxons. It was after- wards given to the abbey of Evefham. After the Dill", it was given to Anth. Skinner of London, whofe grand-fon fold it, fometime in the laft century, to Fulk Ld. Grevil. KVTE-HERDWIC, (Wariu.} a member of Tyfoe, bet. Lambcote and Edgehill, bel. in the R. of Hen. VI. to Will. Verney, Efq; of Wolford ; from whom it patted to Rich. Dalby of Brookhampton, in the R. vf K. Edw. IV. L A L ACOCK, (Wilts} near Chippen- ham, is faid to have had ac.ar.ie in the tiimt of the Britons, ?.nd after- wards a nunnery. Roman coins ufed to be found in a field here, which was therefore called Silver-Field. LADBROOK, (W,:r-w.) to the S. of Southam, bel. formerly to a family of the lame, name \ then to .he Catef- bys j one of whom being attainted, in the R. of Hen. VII. it fell to the crown, and was granted to Sir John Rifley, and his heirs ; but was loon reftored to Geo. Gate/by, fon of the perfon attainted. It was afterwards conveyed to John Throckmorton, who, in the R. of Q^Eliz. pafled it to Sir Rob. Dudley, whofe daughters conveyed it to Will. Palmer ; and from him it was paffed to Sir Will. Palmer of Clerkenwell, who had it in 1640. Here was a bridge over the r. Ichene to Herberbury. LAGHAM, (Surry) near Godftone, had, in the R. of Edw. I. its parlia- mentary baron, called St. John, whofe eflate went at laft, by marriage, to J. Leodiard. LAIGHTON, or LOW-LAYTON, (Effcx) 5m. E. from London, has antiquities, fuch as urns, &c. which mew it was a Roman ftation. Here was formerly a ford over the r. Lea, till Maud, wife to K. Hen. I. having narrowly efcaped being drowned, as flie patted it, caufed the ftone-bridge to be built a little lower at Stratford- le-Bow, to whofe abbot and convent the p. Ch. was formerly given ; but after the DifT. the manor with the rectory and advowfon of the vicarage was granted by Hen. VIII. to Tho. Wrothefley, Ld. Chauc. of England j from whofe family it patted to Capt. Swanley. Here is an almfh. for 8 poor people, erecTred by Mr. John Smith, of London, merchant and a ch. fc. The late Sir Fifher Tench, Et. erected a feat at Laighton-Stone in this p. which the D. d'Aumont., the French ambafiador at this couit in 1711, faid was the neateft box he had feen in England. Sir John Strange has a feat atLoighton-Grange. LAKBNHAM, (Norfolk) by Nor- wich, has the name from its fitua- tion by the Broad-Water, or Lake. It bel. formerly to the priory, and then to the D. and C. of Norwich ; but was granted by Edward VI. to Tho. Gre/ham, and in 1553, it wa o. ream, and in 1553, i held by Sir Thomas Grefliara, Ld.- L A L A mayor of London. In 1640, it bel. to George Ld. Berkley, who died in 1685, and left it. to his only fur- viving fon, afterwards Earl of Berk- ley, whofe fecond fon, James Berk- ley, A. M. and a prebendary of Weft- minfter, owned it from 1693 to 3695, when he died. And in 1735* Jane Chaplin, widow, held it for life, remainder to Hen. Berkley, third fon to Charles late Earl of Berkley, and brother to James the prefent Eail of Berkley. The Ch. ftands en the cliff by the water-f.de. This place is divided from the walls of Norwich by Brakendon, or the Braky-Downs or Hills, on which were formerly brake?, and where was a chapel founded in the Conqueror's time, and much frequented by fifhermen and watermen, who came to offer to its patron St. Nicholas. LA MB COTE, or LORNCOTE, (Nott.) near the Trent, S. W. of Bingham, was fold by Geo. Pilking- ton in the R. of Q^Eliz. to John Rofell, whofe pofterity had it lately, if they have it not ftill. LAMBCOTE, {Warm.} was ori- ginally a member of Lower-Eaten- don, and bel. to Kenilworth-Abbey, but at the DifT. was granted to Rich. Andrews and Leonard Chamberlain, JLfqrs. and the heirs of the former. Jt came afterwards to George Ld. Wilioughby of Brook. LAMBETH, ( Surry ) on the Thames, bet. Southwark and Bat- terfea, is divided into 8 precincts, that are about 17 mm. in circumfe- rence, and contain above 1500 houfes, f/z. i. The Abp. of Canterbury's, who has a palace here adjoining to theCh. a. The Prince's. 3. Vaux- hall. 4. Kenington. 5. The Marih. 6. The Wall. 7. Stockw-11. 8. The Dean's Precinft. In the Marfh and St. George's-Fields, are ditches that were made when London was be- fieged by the Danift K. Canute, who turned the courfe of the Thames fiom about the K's. -Barge- houfe to a place beyond the Brioge : and here it was that he died in his cups. By the road-fide from Vaux-Hall to Kingfton, is an almfh. for 7 poor women, built in 1618 by Carcn the Dutch ambafiador, who refided in England 28 years. Near the bank of the Thames in this p. oppofite to Somerfet-Houfe, are thofe called Cu- per's-gardens, the eftate of Jefus Coll. in Oxford. Here are feveral ftatues, &c. the remains of Greek and Ro- man antiquities, which are very much disfigured by time and bad ufage, and i'uppofed to be part of the famous collection of the Earl of A- rundel, but being broken and defaced, were not thought good enough to be prefented to the U. of Oxford, and put among the marmoria Aruvdth- anay and were therefore removed hither, when Arundel houfe on the other fide of the Thames was tursed into a ilreet. (3=" LAM BORNE, UPPER and LOWER, (Berks) near the b. of Wilts, 49 cm. 57 mm. from Lon- don, has its name from its little r. which runs into the Kenr.et, and is remarkable for being high in the Summer, and low in the Winter. Its ancient Lds. the Fitz-Warrens, obtained a Mt. of Henry III. in the Lower, which is the biggeft, to be kept on F. and 3 Fairs, vi. May r, Wbitfcn-M. Sept. 21, befides one Nw. 23. It afterwards went to the family of Eflex. LAMBORNE, (EJ/ex) 4m. from Epping, bet. Wahham-Abbey and Rumford, bel. anciently to the laid abbey. This manor is held by the fervice of the ward-ftafF, vix. to carry a load of ftraw, in a cart with 6 horfes, 2 ropes, and 2 men, in harnefs, to watch the faid ward-ftarT, when it is brought to the neighbour- ing hamlet of Abridge. There were certain lands in this p. formerly called Minchin-Lands, which bel. to the mon. at Stratford le Bow, and were granted by K. Henry VIII. to Sir Ralph Sadler, who 'fold them to Owen Low, Efqj. LAMBS- L A L A y t came to r . oc, a. London, in 1 545, whofe daughter ried it by marriage to Sir John eler, whofe fon fold it to Sir Will. LAMBS-CONDUIT -FutDS, {Mldd.} on the N. fide of Holbourn, London, famous for its conduit, and for a noble hof. erected in 1745, for foundlings. LAMER, (Hartf.) on the N. fide of the r. Lea, in the p. of Wheat- Hampfted, bel. in the R. of Hen. III. to Pontius Lamere, from whofe fa- mily it came to Sir Will. Roch, aid. of London carr Botel Gerrard, the anceftor of the prefent Sir Samuel Gerrard, Bt. Its Ch. thought to be the oldeft in the Co. is built like a cathedral, and the rood feems to be left in it ftill, which ferves for the clerk's deflc. LAMERTON, or LAMBERETON, (Devon.] z m. from Taviftock, has in its Ch. the effigies of Nicholas and Andrew Tremaine, twins, who were not only fo like as fcarce to bj diftin- gui/hed, but fuffered the fame pain, and had the fame appetites, though at a diftnnce, at the fame time ; and were killed together at Newhaven in France, in 1663. The manor was formerly the Giffards, from whom it defcended to the family of Trewen, and afterwards by marriage to the Fortefcues. L A M L E y, ( Nortbumb. ) near Featherftonhaugh, on the S. Tyne, is a large T. which, in the R. of K. John, had a nunnery, the fite of which is much worn away by the floods. Here is the feat of Mr. All- good. LAMI.KY, (N-M.} by Sherwood- Foreft, anciently bel. to the Crom- wells, from whom it went by mar- riage in the R. of Henry VI. to Sir Richard Stanhope, and from thence the fame way to the families of Haft- ings and Wood, of whom the former fold their moiety. %. LANCASTER, (Lane.} iSycm. a 32 mm. from London, ftands near the mouth of the Lone, over which it has a fine Hone bridge, K. John confirmed to the burgefles all the li- berties he had granted to thofe of Briftol ; and Edvv. III. granted that pleas and fefiions fliould be held here, and no where elfe in the Co. It is governed by a mayor, recorder, 7 aid. 2 bailiffs, 12 capital burgelTes, 12 com- mon burgefies, a T. -clerk, and a fer- jeants at mace. The affixes are held in the caftle, where is alfo the Co.-eaol. It trades to America with hard -ware and woollen mfs. in vefTels of 70 tons. They fay here was an ancient city that, in 1322, was burnt to the ground by the Scots. Here is a Mt. on W. by grant, and another on 5. by prefcrip- tion, befides one every other W. throughout the Year, for cattle. Its Fairs are April 20, June 24, and Sept. 29. Many branches of the royal family have enjoyed titles of Baron, Earl, and D. derived from this place. Edmund Crouchback's grandfon, Henry, was in Pt. created D. of Lancafter, (this being the fe- cond Dukedom erefted In England, as that of Cornwall was the firft, in the perfon of Edward the Black Prince.) He dying without iflue- male, John of Gaunt, fourth fon of Edw. III. who married his daughter Blanch, was by his father created D. of Lancafter, and the K. then advanced the Co. of Lancafter into a Palatinate, granting him a court of chancery in the faid Co. Edw. IV. appropriated it to the crown, after having attainted Henry VI. but Henry VII. broke this entail 5 and fo, at this day, it has its peculiar officers, as a chancellor, attorney, &c. The caftle is not ancient nor large, but fair and ftrong ; and it is not very long ago, that, in digging a cellar, there were found feveral Roman utenfils and vefTels for facri- fices, as alfo the coins of Roman Emperors ; fo that it is not doubted here was a Roman fortrefs. On the top of the caftle is a fquare tower, called John of Gaunt's Chair, from whence there js a charming proipeit LA LA of the adjacent country, and efpeci- conveniency of the officers of ord- ally towards the fea, where is an ex- nance, engineers, and matroiTes ; and tenfive view even to the Ifle of Man. a barrack is building for the foldiers, Here is but one Ch. On the fide of whofe number is to be augmented, the hill below it, hangs a piece of a Col. Cn.cherode is the governor. Roman wall, called Wcry-v\ all. Here LANESBO^OUGH, (York. E. R.) is a cuftom-houfe ; but the port is 6 m. from York, a noble feat of the fo choaked with fand, that it will E. of Burlington (to whom it gives not admit Ships of any considerable title of baron) whofe anceftor, Ri- burthen. chard E. of Cork in Ireland, was by LANCHESTER, (Durham) to the K. Cha. I. created Ld. Clifford of N. W. of Durham, ftands in the Lanefborough. The late Elizabeth Watlingftreet road, on the top of one Cfs. of Burlington founded and en- hill overlooked by another, and was, dowed an almih. here, for 12 aged no doubt, formerly a Roman ftation. perfons being decayed farmers. It alfo appears by the ruins, to have LANGAR, (Notf.) on the Trent, been much larger once than it is now, W. of Belvoir-Caftle, near St. Aubrey and to have been walled round. Here and Barnefton, to which manors it is a handfome Ch. w hich before the has been always united, formerly bel. Ref. was endowed with a deanery and to the Scroops, till Emanuel Ld. prebends. Scroop, in the R. of Cha. I. for want LANCRAS, (Devon.) near Sheb- of iiTue, fettled it on his daughter, bear, is almoft encompaiTed with rs. who carried it by marriage to John was formerly the manor of the Beau- How (ad fon of Sir John How of monts ; then of the BaiTets j from GlccefterShire) who imparked feveral whom it went in marriage to a Pome- fields about his manor-houfe, and joy. ftored it with deer ; and it was the LANDGUARD-FORT feems tobel. feat of the late Vifc. How. K.John to Suffolk, but is in the limits of Ef- lodged in this T. when he marched fex, and has a lovely profpecl of the againit the Barons, coafts of both Cos. It was creeled, 3 LANGBEAR, (Dev.) in the p. and is maintained for the defence of of High-Haynton; tho' not a Mt.-T. the port of Harwich over-againft it j by our maps, is faid, by Mr. Rifdon, for it commands the entry of it, from to have a Mt. on F. and Fairs on the fea up the Maningtree-water and Bartbolcnmv's and Simon and Judis- will reach any ftip that goes in or out. days. After having been long in the It is placed on a point of land, fo fur- Bretts family, it came to the Wifes. rounded with the fea at high-water, LANGDON-WEST, (Kent] bet. that it looks like alitdeifland at leaft Barham-Down and the fea, bel. to 1 m. from the Snore. The making its abbey ; but was granted by Q. its foundation folid enough for fo good Eliz. to Sam. Thornhil of London, a fortification coft many years labour, LANGDON-EAST, (Kent} on the and a prodigious expence. It was N. fide of Dover-Caftle, bel. to the built in the R. of K. James I. when Abps. of Canterbury, till they ex- it was a much more considerable for- changed it with the monks of Chrift- tification than now, having 4 bafh'ons church for the manor of Barham ; mounted with 60 very large guns, but after the DiST. it was given by particularly thofe on the royal baftion, K. Hen. VIII. to Mr. Thomas and which would throw a 28 pound ball John Mafters of Sandwich, and has ever Harwich. Here is a fmall gar- fmce been the feat of Sir Rob. Fur- rifon, with a governor, and a platform nefe. of guns. This fort is now (1749) re- LANGDON-HALL, (PFarto.) in fitting and greatly enlarging, for the the- p, of Solihull, bel, formerly to 4 Weft. L A L A Weflnainfter- Abbey ; but after the Diff. to Nich. Ridley, B P . of London. Not long afterwards it came to John Grefwould ; by whofe daughter it paffed in marriage to Tho. Dabridg- court j and it came afterwards to Al- gernon Grevil, fon of the late Ld. Brook. LANGFORD, (Devon.) near Mod- bery, did bel. to the Haftings Es. of Huntingdon, who fold it to judge Popham. LANfiFORTH, or LANDFORD, (No:r.) on the N. fide of Newark, formerly bel. to the Pierpoints, ti'l fold to Sir Fr. Leek, who afterwards fold it to Geo. Talbot E. of Shrews- bury. There is a moor here, which did belong to the Kts. of St. John of Jerufalem, but was granted by K. Edw. VI. to Sir Edw. Fiennes, after- wards Ld. Clinton and Say, Henry Herefon, and their heirs ; and was not very long ago purchafed by Dr. More, and by him left to his nephew Sir Ed. More, a Bt. of Nova-Scotia. LANGHADERN, ( Cornw, ) bet. Tregony and Trewardryth-Bay, was the ancient feat of the Arundels, who had one of the beft parks here in the Co. LANGHAM, (Rutl.) achapelryto Okeham, had always, till the laft cen- tury, the fameowneis, who were in the R. of Hen. VIII. Thomas Ld. Crom- well, and his defcendants j but his grandfon Henry feparated it from Okeham, in the R. of Q^Eliz. and fettled it on his youngeft fon, and his wife 5 by whom it was conveyed to Sir And. Noel, the anceftor of the E. of Gainfborough. LANGLEY-ABBAT'S, (Hartf.) 3 m. S. W. of St. Alban's, to whofe abbey it once bel. and 4 m. on the N. fide of Watford. It was the birth- place of Adrian IV. the only Englifli- ir.an that was pope of Rome. It being in the crown by the Difl". K. James I. gave it to Fran. Combe, who married the daughter of Tho. Green- hill, but dying without ifiue, en- dowed a fchool here, and deviled this manor, &c. to Sidney-Coll. Cam- bridge, and Trin. Coll. Oxford, for the education of the defcendants of his own and his wife's kindred for ever. Thefe colleges afterwards demifed it to Tho. and Will. Greenhill by leafes } by virtue whereof, they and their heirs were to hold the courts of this manor, and to receive the rents and profits of it. It gives title of baron to Ld. Ray- mond, who has a feat at Langleybury in the neighbourhood, on the W. fide of the r. Gade, which was purchafed by the late Ld. his father. LANCLEY, (Devon.) in the p. of High-Bickington, the manor of the Pollards ; to whofe family it oome by marriage of the heirefs of the Brit- tons. LANGLEY, (Oxf.) on the edge of the foreft of Whichvvood, was, it is faid, once the feat of K. John. Here is a remarkable quarry of hard ftone of the teftaceous kind, which receives a very good polifli, and with which the late E. of Clarendon paved his chapel at Cornbury. It is thought to make the beft lime. LANGLEY, ( V/ariu. ) near Cla- verdon ; to whofe Ch. it is a chapel of eafe, though it anciently bel. to the Ch. of Wottcn Waven. LANGLEY, (Warw.} in the p. of Sutton-Colfield, bel. a good while to the Beresfords, and the family of Hore ; from which it went by mar- riage to that of Pudfey, w ho enjoyed it in 1640 ; but it came sfterwards to Will. Jeffon, Efq; by marriage with the heirefs of Henry Pudfey, who died in 1677. LANGLEY-KING'S, (Hartf.) on the W. fide of the r. Bulbourn or the Hunton, as Abbats-Langley is on the E. had once a royal palace built by Hen. III. K. Edw. III. gave the manor to a priory here. K. Rich. II. and his Q._with many of the nobility, kept a Chriftmas here ; and in its mon. he was buried, though after- wards removed to Weflminfter by K. Hen. V. Here was alfo born and buried Edmund D. of York (fon of Edw. L A L A dw. III.) called Edmund of Lang- ley ; and here were buried many others of that family. K. Hen. VII. fettled the manor and park on his Q. Catherine, as did Hen. VIII. on his Q._Ann. K. James I. fettled the fcite of the mon. upon Edw. Newport and John Compton; after which it defcended to William Houlker, by whofe heirs the buildings of it were all demolifhed. The palace, park, and manor, were given by K. Jam. I. to his eldeft (on Pi. Henry ; and after his deceafe to Pr. Charles his only furviving fon, who, when on the throne, leafed the park to Sir Cha. Morifon for 09 years ; and after that term to Sir Baptift Hicks, his heirs and afligns, for ever. The manor pafled through divers hands to Tho. Houlker of London ; whofe fon foW h to Henry Smith, whofe fon did lately, if he does not ftill, pofiefs it. LANGPORT, (Kent] in the p. of Lyd, be), in the R. of Edw. III. to a family named Ikin ; but was alienated ibcn after to Sir John Hand's family, who fold it to Sir Henry Belknap ; after whofe fon's death without male- heirs, it was divided bet. the daugh- ters into three parts, of which two were fold to Mr. Godfrey, and one to Sir Chrift. Man of Canterbury. New Langport in the fame p. bel. once to Mr. Writtle, who fold it to Mr. Fet- typlace of Oxfordshire ; by whom it was alienated to Tho. James, who forfeiting it to the crown, K. Jam. J. granted it to John Ld. Haddington, vrho foon conveyed it to one Mr.Crop- Jey of London. f^ LANGPORT, (Som.} too cm. 129 mm. from London, is a well fre- quented T. on the Parrot, bet. Bridg- water and Crewkern. It formerly gave title of Baron to Charles Vifc. Fitzhartling, and fent members to three Pts. 'Tis governed by a port- reeve, and a recorder. Here are light- ers conftantly fetching coals, jTr. from Bridgwater ; and it is a ftage for the Taunton waggon, which drops the goods here from London, to be carried farther by water. 'Tis ob- ferved in the Ptilefopbical Tranfac- ticns, that eels are taken in vaft plenty out of the holes of die banks of us r. in frofty weather. The Mt. here is S. the Fairs on the sd M. in l.cnt, June ag, Sept. 34, and N'-. In the R.of Hen.VlII. it came, by marriage of Langton's heirefs, to Chrift. fjtz- Randolph, in whofe family rt conti- nued till a few years ago. Some of the lands in this p. which were given to the priory of Felley, were granted by Hen. VIII. to Will. Berners, and his heirs. LANGWORTH, (Nctt.) in the p. of Cokeney, to theS.W. of Workfop, was fettled on the abbey of Welbeck ; and after the Diff. granted to the Pierpoints. LANHARN, (Cormv.} the ancient feat of the Arundels, N. W. of Coiumb-Magna, near St. Gecrge's- Channel. There is a hill rear it, with a ramp-ire on the top of it, where the Danes encamped, whea they preyed upon the Englifh coaft. LAN KEY, (De-vcm.) near Barnfta- ple, was formerly the eftate of Wil- liam Ld. Howard, of Effingham ; whofe daughter Agnes, the Marthio- nefs of Winchefter, gave it to Sir Tho. Dennis, who marrkd her daugh- ter. LANTF.RDEN, (Salop] near the conflux ofthcrs. Temd andColun,not far from Munflow ; where are 2 tur- icws, in which were found, not long ago, burnt bones and afhes ; and in the neighbourhood is a perfedl Roman camp, called Brandon, and a Brhifli camp, called Coxall. LANTHOSV, (Gloc.} near Glo- cefter city, has feme ruins of a priory ; the fcite of which was granted by K. Hen. VIII. to Sir ArthrPetie, whofe daughter carried theeftate by marrir.ge to the family of Scudamore, who have L A L A have a feat here rebuilt by the late of Surry ; from whom it was parted Ld. Scudamore. This hamlet is 5 m. next year to John Allington of Weft- ia com. by the Severn. ley in Cambridge/hire, whofe fon, LAPFOSD, (Di-von.) on the S. E. Rob. Allington, fold it in 1570 to fide of Chumleigh, be), anciently to Tho. Lovell. His fuccefior, Sir Fr. the St. Johns ; from whom it went Love'.l, conveyed it to John Lang- by marriage to Arundel of Trerice, worth, &c . and they to Rob. Hough- and from thence to the Bagots of ten of Shelton. In i68z it was Staffordfhire. mortgaged by Cha. Houghton to Sir LAPLEY, (Staff.) on the S. W. Edw. Hungevford ; then to Paul Jod- fide of Penkridge, had a priory for- rell ; and about 1723 it was conveyed meily, which was a cell to the abbey to Rich. Sturgeon ; and fince that to of Rheims in France. The Lp. Sir Edm. Bacon, of Garboldiflum, Bt. which bel. to it, was given by K. This place is afiefled at 280 /. 10 . Hen. VIII. to Sir Righ. Matters, to the land-tax. The dwelling houfes Here was the feat of Rich. Brook, are about zz, and the inh. 150. The EAjj ad fon of Sir Robt. Brook, Ld. Ch. and chancel are thatched, and Ch.-Juft. of the common-pleas in the there are but 3 bells in its tower. beginning of the laft century. LASSINGTON, (Glee.) near Glo- LAPWORTH, (Wariu.\ ontheE. cefter. On a hill near it are found fide of Umberlhde, bel. formerly to thofe called Aftroites, or Star-ftones, the Cateftys ; which being forfeited becaufe they are flat, and fine pointed by Will. Catciby's attainder in the R. like a ftar. They are as broad as of Hen. VII. was granted by that K. a filver penny, as thick as a half- to Sir James Blount, and his heirs ; crown ; and when put into vinegar, but was loon reftored to his fon ; have a peculiar quality of motion. \vhofe defendant fold it to Sir Edw. LATCHED, (Devon.} in the p. of Grevil, who fold it to Sir Tho. Holt, Whitfton, formerly the Ld. Gray's who was attainted for being an accom- manor, fince purchafed by Mr. Hatch. plice in the gunpowder treafon. In the LA T c H F OR D, (Oxf.) in the p. of manor of Bromehall in this p. bel. to Great-Hafeley, bel. formerly to the Mr. Fr. Chernock, are the remains Pipards ; from whom it came to the of a Roman fortification, called Har- Lenthals. borough-Banks. LATHAM, (Lane.) in the neigh- LABERICK, (Lane.) near Prefton, bourhood of Coal-Pits, and nearOrm- ha* a chalybeat fpring, whofe water fkirk, was the feat of the Stanleys, is extremely cold ; and upon immer- Es. of Derby ; whofe anceftor, Sir fjng a hand into it, it grows imme- John, married the fole heirefs of Sir dtately red, and is excefiively painful. Tho. de Latham, who brought him Fifhes of feveral forts, that have been this feat, and a large eftate. The put into it, expired inftantly after one manor-houfe was defended fo gallantly effort. by Charlotte Cfs. of Derby, againft LARKBEARE, (Devon.) not far the Pt. forces, that they were forced from S'.lverton, bel. anciently to the to abandon it ; though afterwards Phippards, and palled by marriage to they took it, and laid it almoft level the E. of Warwick. with the ground. In the park here LARLINGFORD, (Norf.) on the is a mineral water, or fpaw, called N. fide of Eaft-Herling, rtands in the Maudlin's- Well, which is a chaly- great port-road from London to Nor- beat, and has wrought notable cures, wich, and has its name from its ford It was walled in and covered, at the over the r. The manor bel. formerly expence of Charles iate E. of Derby, to Rulhworth-College, and after the Though it is remote from the fea, or Dill, was granted in 1541 to the . any lalt rs. it ufed to caft up marine ftelk L A L A fnells in fuch quantities, that they be- came troubkfome to the drinkers, till it was prevented by laying miil-ftones on the fpring, that hindered the fand and (hells from boiling up fo high as formerly. Sir Tho. Bootle has a magnificent feat here. An oil is ex- tracted from a bituminous earth here, \vhich prefer ves raw fleih, and ferves the country people inftead of candles. LATHESLEY, (Surry) on the S. W. fide of Guildford, is a feat of the ancient family of the More's, in the middle of a fine deer-park, which was built about the time of Hen. VII. The red-ftraw wheat, much the fame with that of Suffex, is produced here- abouts, and in all Low Surry. LATIMERS, (Bucks') a hamlet, with a chapel of eafe to Chefliam, had the name from its ancient Lds. Here lived Sir Edwyn Sands, whofe daughter having 4 fons and 9 daughters by her hufband Sir Tho. Temple, anceftor of the piefent Ld. Cobham, lived to fee 700 defcended from her, and died in 1656. Here is a feat of Ld. James Cavendifl). f^ 3 LAVEXHAM, or LANHAM, (Sujf.) 52 cm. 61 mm. from Lon- don, is a pleafant and pretty large T. on a branch of the r. Bret, from whence it rifes gradually to the top of a hill, where are its Ch. and a fpacious market-place, encompalTed with 9 ilreets, or divifions, in a very healthy air. It had formerly a very confiderable trade in blue cloth, and had 3 guilds, or companies, witii each their hall. I: has ilill a con- fiderable mf. of ferges, fhalloofc, fays, fluffs, and fpinning fine yarn for London ; and many hundred loads of wool are delivered in a year from its wool-hall. It is governed by fix capital burgefles, who are for life, and chufe the inferior officers. Mr. Tho. Spring, the rich clothier, an- ceftor of Sir William the prefent Bt. if he was not born, got his eftate here. The Church, and its fteepie, which is 137 feet high, are reckon' d the fineft in the Co. the two pews in it bel. to the Earls of Oxford and the Springs, whofe anceftors rebuilt it in the R. of Henry VI. are hardly to be equalled by any in K. Henry the Seventh's Chapel at Weflmintfer. The arms of both families are en- graven on feverai of the arches, and in the Ch. is the aforefaid Mr. Tho. Spring's ftatue in brafs. Its tenor bell, though not much mere than a ton, has as deep a note as a bell of twice that weight. Here is a fr. fc. and a Bridewell, part of which is a workhoufe, where the peer children, &c . of the p. are employed in fpin- ning hemp, flax, and yarn j befides which, here are other confiderable charities. Both the T. and manor were the ancient inheritance of the Veres Earls of Oxford ; but the late Ld. of the manor was Sir Simonds D'Eves. The tenants of the manor, and the other inh. were always exempted from ferving at any court held for its H. They have that te- nure of land here which is called Borough Er.gV.Jk. Its Mt. is on Tu. znd on 7*. for wool. Its Fair, which is on Sept. 2,0, is in fpecial repute for good butter and cheele. King Eciw. I. granted it a Fair at Wlii- fintide, which has long been dif- ufed. LAUGHTON, (Suffix) on the E. fide of Ringmer, though it bel. an- ciently to the Veres Earls of Oxford, has for many ages been the manor and feat of the Pelham family, and gives title of Baron to the D. of Newcaftle. LAUGHTON, (Tort. W. R.) near Rock-Abbev, has a Ch. whofe tower and fpire, for their delicacy and jull proportion, are not excelled by any Gothic piece of the kind. It (lands on a high hill, like that at Harrow in Middlefex. The height of the fteepie to the weather-cock is 195 feet, and it is feen from many places 40, 50, and 60 m. The Duke of Leeds, whofe feat is at Kiveton, 3 L A L A 3 m. off, has cut a vifta through the woods in his park, to take this fteeple into his view. L A V IX G T O N-B I S H O V S, 01 WEST, (Wilts) near Market-La- vingtcn, was many generations the Lp. of the Danvcrs's and Dantfeys, two of whom founded and endowed the fr. fc. and almfhs. here. From thele families it parted by marriage to Sir Henry Lee, whofe daughter carried it in marriage to Montague Earl of Abingdon. Here is a very pleafant feat, with a park, grotto, TNG TON-EAST, (Wilts) 4 m. S. of the Devizes, 73 cm. 87 mm. from London, is called in our old hiftories Stepul-Lavington, but now Cheaping or Market-La- vington, on account of its Markets, which are on M. and W. the laft a great corn Mt. It is fuppofed to have been a Mt. T. above zoo years. This manor came as the former to Montagae Earl of Abingdon. Here is a ch. fc. for 36 children, who have books given them, and the girls are taught to knit and few. if. LAUNCESTON, (Cornw.) on the Tamar, 175 cm. loS mm. from London, is alfo called Dunhivid, from its fituation on a down. K. Hen. III. made it a free Bor. It was ccmpofed before of two other Bor. viz. Dun- hivid and Newport. It has been the place for chuling Kts. of the fhire ever fince the R. of K. Edw. I. and the aflizes T. ever fince Richard II. till by a late a& of Pt. the Ld. Chan. or Ld. keeper, was impowered to nr.me any other place in the Co. for it j fince which, the fummer afiizes have been held at Bodmyn. It was incorporated by Q._Mary in 1555. Jt is governed by a mayor, recorder, and 8 aid. has a fr. fc. which was founded by Q._Eliz. is a populous trading T.'and gives title of Vifc. to the Prince of Wales, of whom the manor is held in fee-farm, it having been vefted in the eMeft tons of the K&. of England ever fince Ricluid II, Its Mts. are on Tb. and S. and its Fairs at Wbitfintide, May I, Mid. fummer, Catb:rine-tide, and St. Lea- narcft. In the 32d of Henry VIII. an at was made for the repair of this and other decayed Cornifti Bor?. and it endowed this T. with the pri- vileges of a fancluary, though it does not appear to have ufed them. It had a mon. and a noble caftle, which, becaufe of its ftrength, was called Caftle-terrible, and was given by K. Rich. I. to his brother, afterwards K. John. Here are two ch. fcs. for 48 children of both fexes, where the girls are taught to knit, few, and make bonelace, and are allowed what they earn. Leland fay?, it \vas walled in his time, and I m. in com. Its lift of burgellis commences in the 23d of Edw. I. The lower part of its ancient caftle is made ufe of for the gaol. LA UN s DON, (Sam.) en the N. fide of Bath, towards Monkton- Farley, which was formerly called Badon-Hill, is the place where the battle was fought, in July 1643, bet. K. Cha. I's army and the Pt. army under Sir Will. Waller, when Sir Bevil Grenvil was flain, in memory of whofc fidelity his fon, Sir John Grenvil, was created Ld. Launfdon ; and the late Ld. caufed a ftately mo- nument to be ereded on the very fpot where he was killed, recording the action. On the N. W, fide of this plain arc dug a fort of head- flcncs, called lyas, which are blue and white, and poliihable. LA WFORD-CHURCH, ( Waric. ) on the Dove, N. W. of Hill Mor- ton, being forfeited to the crown in the R. of Q^Mary by Henry D. of Suffolk, flic gave it to Mr. Baily, who foon alienated it to Tho. Lcijh, aid. of London, whofe deftendant, Francis Ld. Du.nfmore, enjoyed it io 1 640, as he did alfo LONG-LAWFORD, in its p. which bel. to the mon. of Pipwell till the Dill", when Edw. VI. gave it to John Gietn of Weftminfter, and Hilj-U D ii lUU L A TO L E Hall of London, from whofe defcen- dants it parted to this Ld. LAV. FORD - PAR VA, ( Wariv, ) near Rugby, bel. formerly to the Crafts, but has been for 300 years paft in the family of the Brough- lons. ST. LAWRENCE, (Kent} in the Jfle of Thanet, was anciently the .eftate of the Ellingtons, Maunftons, St. Nicholas's, and Criols, and lately of the Spraklins, Monins, and John- fon. LAXTON, (Nort&amf.) on the b. of the foreft of Rockingham, where lands are held by the fervice of hunt- ing in all the K's forefts and parks throughout Oxfordshire, Bucks, and Huntingdonshire, and this Co. to de- flroy all the vermin. The Ld. Car- bery has a feat here. LAXTON, or LEXINT OK, (AVff.) on the S. fide of Tuxford, not far from the Idle, was made a Barony by K. John, and gives the title of Baron to the family of Sutton. It bel. formerly to the family of Ever- ingham, from which it went by mar- riage to Sir John Etton, and from his fon by marriage to. John Roos, from one of family which it was pur- chafed by Sir Brian Broughton, Bt. LAYDON, or LEYSDON, (Kent) in the Ifle of Shepey, bel. to the cathedral of Canterbury. Its inh. were privileged formerly to fet up wears any where (for which they paid a duty) to catch hlh, till it was forbidden, by Magna Charta, to fet them on the Thames, or Medway, or elfewhere, except on the fea- coaft. LAYER-MARNEY, (E/ex) fo called from the Marneys, its ancient Lds. of whom feveral are intombed in its Ch. It pafled from them by marriage to the Ratcliffs and How- ards, from whom it went to the Tryons ; and was the manor of the late Nich. Corfellis, Efq;. y^* LA YSfOFF.OrLoWESTOF, ISitjf.} 94 cm. 112 mm. from Lon- don, is aT. which feems to hang over the fea. The chief bufmefs here Is fifhing for cod in the N. Sea, and for herring, mackarei, and fprats, at home. The Ch. being 3 furlongs off, here is a chapel. This place, having been a part of the ancient dernefnes of the crown, has a charter and a T. feal, by the former of which, the inh. are exempted from ferving on juries. Here is a Mt. on W. Fairs May i, and Sept, 29. Some take this to be the moft eaflern part of Britain. LAYSTON, (Hartf.) near Bun- tingford, of which it is the mother Ch. was erected by the Saxons above I m. E. of Afpeden, where nothing remains now but the Ch. The ma- nor was formerly called Corneybury, and bel. to Hugh Tricket, who gave it to Trinity-Ch. London, when it had the grant of a Mt. on Tu. and a Fair at Bartbohmetu-tide for 8 days. Upon the Dill'. K. Hen. VIII. granted the manor to Sir Tho. Audley, Kt. Chan, of England. In the R. of Philip and Mary, it bel. to Henry Dudley, whole widow carried it by marriage to Thomas D. of Norfolk, who fold it to John Crowch, citizen of London, one of whcfe defcendants, in 1690, fold it to Ralph Hawkins, citizen and brewer of London, whofe fon, John, inherited it in 172.8, The r. Rib rifes in the neighbourhood ; and here is the prefent poft-road from London to the North. LEA, or LEA MARSTON,(?Far.) on the N. fide of Cole/hill, bel. in the R. of Edw. III. to Sir Baldwin Frevil, and in that of Hen. VI. it came to Tho. Ferrers, in whofe line it continued, till the beginning of the R. of K. Cha. I. when Sir John Ferrers, Kt. fold it to Cha. Adderley, Efqj who was afterwards knighted. LEAK, E. and W. (Ato.) bet. Loughborough and Nottingham, bel. formerly to a family of that name, who came to be Earls of Scarfdale, from which it paiTed to thofe of Fouk, Buggs, and Armftrong, who fold them to Earth, Rag and George Bird. L E L E Bird. The former is now the feat of Sir Tho. Parkyns, Bt. the latter the manor of Evelyn-Chadwick. 83" LEARMOUTH, (Northumb.) 241 cm. 326 rnm. from London, is on the bank of the Tweed, in the Barony of Wark, and the manor of the Earl of Tankervile. It is a hand- fome T. to which the Maps, &c. have given a Mt. but don't name the day. LEATON, (Staff.) not far from Wolverhampton, where, in a field that bel. to Mr. Townley, lead-ore is dug in a yellowifh ftone, with cawk and fpar, which the workmen diftingii'lh into round -ore, fmall-ore, and fmithum, and which is fold to the potters at Burflem for 6 or 7 /. a ton. (^ LEDBVRY, (Heref.) 99 cm. 1 18 mm. from London, a fine well- built T. near the S. end of Malvern- Hills, is noted for cloihiers, and has a well endowed hof. betides a ch. fc. for 23 children. Its Mt. is on Tu. Fairs May r, June 1 i, and Sept. 21. LED SHAM, (rorkjh. W. R.) a hamlet of Leeds. Ledfham-Hall, the manor- hoiife, was the feat of the Hjrebrods, one of whom, who was clerk of the Mt. in Ireland under the Ld. -deputy Strafford, fold it to Sir Richard Saltonftall in the R. of Cha. I. and his grandaughter carried it by marriage to Tho. Harley, bro- ther to the late Ld.-treafurer. Here is an hof. built by Sir Jchn Lewis, and endowed by him with 10 /. a year e?.ch for 10 aged people, who have each of them two rooms and a garden. LEDSTON-HALL, (York. W.R.) S. W. of Sherburn, was the feat of the Withams for divers fucceifions, till one of them fold it to Sir Tho. Wentworth, afterwards Earl of Sri af- ford, who made it a ftately edifice ; but the late Ear), William, fold it to Sir John Lewis above-mentioned, who walled in the park, and tmilt a ftately lodge, from which there is a profpedt of York minfter, &C , An heirefs of Sir John being married td the Earl of Huntingdon, it is now the feat of Ld. Haftings. Here arc feveral noted quarries of ftone. LEDWELI., (Oxf.) near Dedding- ton, was formerly the manor and ieat of Ld. Carrington, and now of Cha. Armand Pawlet ; and is noted for a fine fand for the making of glafs. LEE-GRANGE, (Effl-x) alfo called Affienden, is a hamlet of Qiiainton, and was anciently a farm of the abbot of Tame. (f> LEEDS, (Yorkjb. W. R. ) 139 cm. 181 mm. from London, has a magnificent ftone-bridge over the r. Aire to the fuburbs. It was incorporated by K. Charles I. with a chief aid. 9 burgefies, and 20 al- fiftants ; and by Charles II. w,th a mayor, 12 aid. and 24 afiiitants . It has been a long time famous for the woollen mf. and is one of the largeft and rnoft flourifhing Ts. in the Co. yet had but one Ch. till the R. of Charles I. when John Harrifon, Efq; a native,, and deputy to the chief aid. Sir John Savil, built another in 1634., at his own coft, and endowed it with 80 /. a year, and io/. to keep it in repair, to which he added a houfe for the minifter. He alfo founded aa hofpital here, for relief of the poor who had been honeft and indultnous, and endowed it with 80 /. a year, befides 10 /. a year for a mailer to read prayers, and inftrucl them. He alfo built a fr. fc. to which Mr. Lawfon, mayor of the T. in 1669, added a library. He likewife ereded a ftately market-crofs. Hera is a long flreet full of fhops or ftandingt, with piles of cloth for the Mt. The merchants of this place, York, and Hull, /hip them ofFat the latter, for Holland, Hamburgh, and the North. After ringing of the Mt. bell at Six or Seven in the morning, the chap- men come into the Mt. and match their patterns, when they treat for the cloth with a whifper, becaufe the clothiers ftandings are fo near each other 5 and perhaps 20,000 /. worth D d 2 of L E L E f cloth is fold in an hour's time. At half an hour after Eight the bell rinys again, when the clothiers and their chapmen go off with their tref- felf, and make room for the linen- drapers, hard-ware-men , fhce-ma- kers, fruiterers, &c. At the fame time the fliambles are well ftcred \vith all forts of fifli and fieih j and 500 horfe-loads of apples have been counted here in a day. There is a magnificent hall, where they alfo fell great quantities of white clcth ; and here is a noble guild-hall, with a fine marble ftatue of Q._Anne, creeled by aid. Milr.er, about the year 1-14. Its r. being navigable by boats, they fend other goods, befides their cloth, to Wakefield, York, and Hull, and furnifh York with coals. There is a houfe called Red-Kail, becauie it was the firft brick-building in the T. creeled by Mr. Metcalf, an aid. of Leeds ; and K. Cha. I. had an apart- ment in it, which is ever fmce called the King's-chamber. There is an- other place called Tower-Hill, on. which there was once a tower ; be- fides which, there was a caftle which K. Stephen befieged, in his march to Scotland. Here was alfo a park, where are now inclofures. There is a workhoufe hereof free-ftone, built by aid. Sykes in 1699, where poor children are taught to mix wool, and pei form other eafy branches of that tnf. and a part of it has been ufed many years as an hof. for the recep- tion of the aged poor. Here are three almfhs. built by Mr. Lancelot Ivefon, vho was mayor here in 1695, and a ch. fcs. of blue-coat boys, to the number of 100. In the cieling of St. Peter's, its only parochial Ch. the delivery of the Law to Mofes is finely painted in frefco by Parmen- tier." It fe a venerable free-ftone pile, built in the cathedral fashion, and feems to have been the patch-work of feveral ages. There is a Preiby- terian meeting here, erected in 1691, called the New-Chapel, whkh is the fcuelieft, if not the oldeir, of that denomination in the N. of England j and in the T. and its fuburbs are fe- veral other meeting- houfes, as is al- ways obfeived in Ts. of great trade and mf. In the R. of K. Will. III. it firft gave title of Duke to the fa- mily of Ofborn 5 and it is noted for fome medicinal fprings, one of which, called St. Peter's, is an extreme cold one, and has been very beneficial ia rheumatifms, rickets, &c. Its Mts. are Tu. and S. and the Mt. laws are more fti icily obferved here than any where. LEEDS, (Kent} on the Len, near Maidfton, had formerly a caftle and an abbey or priory, where are now the feats of Lds. Colepeper and Fair- fax, and Sir Roger Meredith, Bt. K. Edward II. beheged and took it, when it was treacheroufly fortified againft him by Bartholomew Ld. Bad- lefmere. to whom he had given it. ff^> LEEK, (Stafcrd.) 116 cm. 137 mm. from London, lies amongft th barren moor-hr.ds, has a mf. of buttons, a Mt. en W. and a Fair April 3, and is of note for its excel- lent a'e. Its manor was formerly abbey-knd. In Eiue-Hills in the neighbourhood are coal-mines j and a fait ftream comes from thence, which tinges the ftcnes and earth through which it runs with a rufty colour, and, with the infuficn of gails, turns as black as ink. Here are rocks of a moft furprizing height, without any turf or mould upon them. LXEK.WOTTON, (Wariu.) en a hill, near StoneSey and Wedgnock- Park, is new, or was lately, in the pofieflion of Ld. Leifh of Stoneley, for the ufe of whofe great-grand- father, Sir Thomas Leigh, aid. of London, the faid Sir Rowland pwr- chafed it of the crown in the R. of Q. Mary I. LEE-LODGE, (Rutl.) in Lifield- Foreft, near Martinfthorp, was a msnor bel. to the Chefeldines in the R. of Edward II. and afterward? to the Hastings Earls ef Huntingdon ; but L E Int in the R. of Q^Eliz. was pur- chafed by Sir James Harrington, and in that of James I. by Sir Edw. Noel. >(c LEICESTER, (Leic.) 78cm. 98 mm. from London, is vvafhed on the W. and N. fides by the r. Soar, and frar.ds on the Roman military- way, called the Forte, where Roman coins, medals, and other antiquities, have often been difcovered. In the Saxon heptarchy, when it was the chief city of the Mercian Km. it was the'See of a Bp. which being removed after a fucctffion of eight prelates, it fell to decay ; but, anna 914, it was repaired, and fortified with new walls, by the Lady Ethel- fleda, when, Matthew Paris fays, it became a rr.oft wealthy T. and had 32 p. Chs. but, for rebellion again!! Hen. IT. it was befieged and taken, the'caftledifmantled, and the walls thrown down. Here was a collegiate Ch. &c, in the times of popery, which, at the Ref. was demolished. A Pt. was held here in the R. of Hen. V. wherein the flirt law was made for burning heieticks. In the civil wars the aimy of K. Charles I. took this Tt by ftorm, and Sir Tho. Fairfax foon retook it. It is the Lirgcft, bert built, and moft populous T. in the fliire. Its Corp. con.lfts of a mayor, recorder, fteward, bailiff, 24 a)(L 48 C. C. a town-clerk, &c. and it had its firft charter from K. J.ohn, and its- freemen are toll-free at air the Mrs. and Fairs in England. 'Its Mt. on 5. is one of the greateft in England for provifions, efpecially corn and cattle. Ite Fairs are Palm- Sunday cvc, May I, June 24, Stf- ttmber 29, and Dec. 8. In the high- fticet there is an exquifite piece of workmanftiip, in form of our Sa- viour's crofs. Here are 6 ps. though but 5 Chs. An hof. that was built here for 100 poor fick men and wo- men by Henry the tint. Duke of Lan- cafter, who was interred in it, con- tinues in a tolerable ftate, being fup- ported by fome revenues of the Duchy of Lanu.lcr, and it is capabk of L E maintaining 100 patients 5 but the moft rtately edifice here of this kind now, is the hof. built in the R. cf Hen. VJU. and endowed by Sir Wiii. Wigifton, a merchant of the llapie in this T. for 12 men and as mar.y women, which has a chapel and a library, for the life of the minifterj and fcholars of the T. and there is another near the abbey for 6 widows*. Here is a ch. fc. The inh. have greatly improved the mf. of ftock- ings, of which vaft quantities are wove by frames, in this and many other neighbouring places ; fo th it in fome years it has returned 60, coo /. in that article. Before the caftle was difmantled, it was a prodigious building, it being the court # the great Duke of Lancafter, who ac'.iied 26 acres to it, which he inclofed with a high wall, and called it his A'wum Of us, now the Newark, where are the beft houfes in or near Leicefter ; and they ftill continue extra-parochial, as being under caftle* guard, by an old grant from the crown. Its hall and kitchen are ftUl entire, the former of which is fo lofty a.nd fpacious, that the ccntr's of juftice, which are held here at the aflizes, are at fi:th a diftance as not to difturb each other. One of the gateways of this palace has a very curious arch, and in the tower over it is kept the magazine for the Co, mi itia. In the neighbouring mea- dows was that famous mon. called, from its fituaticn, St. .Mary de Prati?, or Prez, fmce turned into a dwelling- houfe and garden, where is a pleafant terrr-cc, fupported by an embattled wall, with Junetts hanging over the r. and (haded with trees. The ad- jacent meadow is the place for the an- nual horfe-races. St. MargaietVCh.. is a ncble frrudturr, which has a ting of 6 of the rr.oft tunenble belh in th- Km. It is faid thatK. Rk-h.HI. who was killed in the battle of Bofworth, was interred in it ; anil his coffin has been converted into a trough for hurfes to Urink, at the White- Hoife- Dd 3 inn L A TO L E inn here. Near this Ch. is a piece of ground ftill called the Bp's. Barn- dole, and a royalty called to this day the Bp's.-Fce. There is a remaika- ble epitaph in St. Martin's Ch. Shew- ing, that Mr. Hey tic, who died in 1589, effc.t. 76, lived in one houfe with his wife 52 years, and in all that time buried neither man, wo- man, nor child, though they were fometimes 20 in family. And the widow, who died in 1611, a tat. 97, faw before her death 143 children, grand-children and great grand-chil- dren. This place has had the honour of being an earldom, as long almoft as any in England, and now gives that title to Tho. Coke, Ld. Level and poftmafter-general. Mofl travellers flop at Mr. Bracebridge's by All- Saints Ch. to fee a curious piece of Roman antiquity, that was formerly dug cut of a cellar there, fuppcfed by feme to be the table of Diana and Adteon (as related by Ovid) wrought in a pile of little ftones, feme white, ethers of a chefr.ut cokur. There is an old wall here, called the Jewry- vail, where the inh. Cay the Pagans wfed to offer up their children to Mc- loch. It iscompofed of rac-ftone and Reman brick ; and not far off is a place, called Holy-Bones, where have bi-en dug up the bones of many cxen, fuppofed to have been facrificed there. LEIGH, (EJJ'ex) near Canvey-lfle, K noted for oyfters, and well flocked with Teamen, being a road for Clip- ping. The manor was in the family of Ld. Rich, but is now by purchafe Sir Frmc's St. John's. 83= LEJGH, {Lane.} on the S. E. fide of Wig-nn, had once a Mt. now quite neglected. It is 145 cm. I&4 jrm. frcm London. LEIGH, (JF/7/j) near WeiU-urv, where is fuppofed to have been the palace cf feme Saxon K. formerly bel. to the Molyns family ; from which it went by marriage to the Poynings. LEich-EAST,(X"i:r..') nearElham, was formerly held of the Abp. of Canterbury, by a family of the fame name ; frcm which it paffed to the Aliens, who fo!d it to Fogg, as he did to Cobbe ; of whom it was pur- chafed by the Salke'.ds. LEIGH-NORTH, (Oxford.) on the S. W. fide of Woodftock, where peo- ple are afraid to dig common p'.ts or wells, becauie here is a fort of eaith. which emits damp?, that have been known to kill on a fr.dden. Kete has been found the ftcm pyrites, which being expofea to the air be- comes crufted with a white fort of fait, that has the tafte of ink. LEIGHE-MAGNA, PARVA, and PR i OR v, (Ejjsx) lie all three toge- ther, on the S. W. fide of Braintree. The firft was granted by K. Hen. IV. to Sir Tho. Audley ; frcm whom, af- ter many intermediate purchafes, it came to Ralph Ld. Banning ; from whom it defcendcd to his ycungeft daughter's grand-children,named Leo- nard, of the Suffex family. The fe- cond was given by Hen. III. to the priory here; kut at the- Diff. wa given, together with the lite of the priory, to Sir Rich. Rich, afterward* Ld. Rich, grandfather to the firii E, of Warwick. Frcrri his family it went by marriage to Edward E. of Mancheffer, and has fince been the feat of Sir Gso. Alleyn. That which. \vas the priory was a feat of the late D. of Manchester ; after whofe death, it was fold to the late Dfs. dowager of Buckingham/hire, and Cnce pur- chafed by Sir Rich. Hcare, Kt. and aid. whofe feat here is an old hcufe ia t! e midft of a- beautiful park. LEIGHTON, (Hum.) 5171. N. of Kimbcltcn, gives nasne to its H. and, wss the ancient feat cf the Darcys, of whom Hen. Darcy was flieriff of the Co. in the R. of Q^Eliz. by whofe daughter it pa;Ted ;n marriage to Sir Jervaife Clifton of Somerfet, who was created baron of Leighton by K. Ja. I, and began to build a beautiful houfe here, but did not live to finift it. His daughter marrying the D. of Lenox, an^ having the D. of Richmond by him, this Lj. pafled, iu marriage L E L E with his heirefs, to Richard the late E. of Arran, and from him to his he.'refs, the Lady Butler. (f^P LEIGHTON-BEAUDESERT, or BUZZARD, (Bed/,} on the b. of Bucks, 33 cm. 39 mm. frcm London, his a Mt. on TU. well ftored with tat- tle, and a great horfe-fairon Wbit-Tu. particularly thofe for coach and cart, befides two others, vix. Jan. 25, and Oci. 13. The late Mis. Leigh had a feat here. LEITH, (Tcrk. N. R.) in the li- berty of Whitby -Strand, is noted for allom mines j in which abundance of hands were employed by the late D. of Bucks to dig, and hew it out of the rock that hangs over the fea. To fit it for ufe, it is burnt, then fteeped in pits of water, and afterwards boiled and clarified, as \\e find it. LEKENFIELD, (York. E.R.) on the N. fide of Bcverley, was a Lp. cf Peter de Brus, who gave it to Henry Piercy, in marriage with his fitter Ifabel, on condition that he, and his heirs, (hould repair on every Chrift mus-d ?.y to Shelton-Caftle, and hand the lady of the caftle from her chsin- ber to mafs in the chapel, and thence to her chamber again, and aftei dinner with her, to depai t. One of the Piercy s obtained a charter for a Mt. here on 1'n. and a Fair for a week, com- mencing St^r. 14 ; but the Mt. has been long difufcd, if not the Fair. LEKHAM, (Wilts} has a bridge ever the Avon, S. of Chippenham. It was the Lp. of the ancient family cf the Baynards, till they forfeited it by rebellion. It has fmce paffed by marriage into the family of Montague. Roman coins aie often found here. jjs LEMIKOTON, or LYMING- TON, (Han:f.} 72 cm. 85mm. frc.m London, is a fmall but populous fea- rn.i t, on a hill thr.t has a fine profpecT: of the Ifle of Wight, in the narrow patt of the ftreight called the Nee- dles, at the entrance of the bay of Southampton. Its burgeiTes enjoy certain privileges granted them by thcfe of Southampton, in the R. of Edw. III. It is a corp. by prefcrip- tion, confifting of a mayor, aid. and burgeffes without limitation. The mayor is chofen by the burgeiTes, and fworn at the court of the Ld. of the manor, who is, or was lately, Tho. Bulkeley, Efq;. Great quantities of fait are made here, which is faid to exceed molt in England for preferving ficfh j and the S. parts of the Km. are chiefly fupplied with it from hence. The fea comes up within a m. of the > T. Here is a kay, with cuftom- houfe officers and Shipwrights. This place gives title of Vifc. to the E. of Poitfmouth. Its Mt. is . Fairs May i, andSf/f. 21. LEM ING TON-HAST ANG,(#^rr- toick.) on the S. W. fide of Dun- church, bel. anciently to the family of Haftang, till the R. of Edw. III. when it devolved ty an heirefs to the Staffoids ; one of whom, Sir Hum- phry, being attainted of treafon, in joining in the infurreclion with Ld. Lovel in the R. of Hen. VII. this ma. nor was given to Sir Edw. Poynings ; but Sir Humphry's fon being reftored in blood, repofiefled it, and left it to Will. Stafford of Blatherwic, who, in the R. of Cha. I. fold it to Baron Trevor. LEMINGTON-PR IORS, (Wjrw.) near Warwick, be!, formerly to the canons of Kenilworth ; but coming to the crown at the DifT. was gmmed by Q^_F.liz. to Ambrofe Dudley, E. of Warwick. Its Ch. was originally but a chapel bel. to Wottcn on the other fide of the r. Sir Will. Wheeler, Bt. has a feat here. LENER CROFT, (C;/wj5.) net far from the Pitts-wall, has a bridge over the r. Irthing to Naworth- Caftle, and a medicinal fpring that iilues out of a neighbouring rock, which is faid to be very good fc* the fpleen, ftone, die itch, forfeits, and all cutaneous diftempers, and there- fore is much frequented in the fum- mer, both by the Engli/h and Scots. Here was formerly aa abbey. L E ZNH A M-, (Kint) at the fource of the Len, g m. from Maidftone, 40 cm. 47 mm. from London, bel. once to the abbey of Canterbury ; but was granted by Q._Eliz. to Tho. Wil- ford, Efq; whofe fon, Sir Thomas, fold it to Anth. Brown, Vifc. Mon- tacute. Its Mt. is on Tu. and Fairs Whit M. and May 26. The late Bp. of London, in his additions to Camden,. mentions a very remarkable Infcription on the tomb of Robert Thompfon, Efqj in this Ch. i-iz. " Tha: he was grand-child to Mary " Honeywood, wife of Rob. Honey- " wood of Charing, who at her de- " ceafe had 367 children lawfully '< descended from her, viz. 16 cf " her own body, I r4 grand-children, " 228 in the %d generation, and 9 ia " the 4th.' v LENHAM-EAST, (Kfnt) one of the manfions cf the former, was the (eat of the Hufieys, who fold it to Mr. Parkhurft ; whole ion, Sir Wij. liam, fold it to Mr. Wood, a mer- chant cf London. LEN TON, (N*tt.) fo called from its fituation by the Len, on the S. W. Jide of Nottingham, was before the conqueft a hsmlet of Arnal, and juft after it had a men. founded by Wi]]". Feverel, who had the fee of the land from the Conquercr. Aftsr the Diil'. it came to the crown, and remained therein, as far as appesrs, till K. Cha. I. granted it in fee-farm to Edw. Ditchfield, faJter, and ether citizens of London ; who conveyed it, for 2500 /. paid to the chamberlain, to "Will. Gregory of Nottingham, and his heirs, with the Fair, royal :ie. c , fcV. referving a yearly rent of 94 /. to the crown ; which referved rent the K. granted to James Steuart, D. f Richmond and Lenox, who in 1650 fold it for 1460 /. to John Gre- gory, 1'on and heir of William afore- faid, and George his fen and heir, the late owner, who obtained of Cha. II. another Fair to be kept here, on the W. after Wbitfun-tocck, and 6 days following j but the demefne cf the Abbey was granted in the R, of Ja. I. L E to William the anceftcr of Sir Will.. Hicks, and the late Sir Hen. Hicks, Bt. There is a horfe-fair here on the- 8th of AW. if. LEOMINSTER, (Hereford.) 103 cm. 136 mm. from London, is* large, handfome, p cpulous Bor. with feveral bridges over the Lua, and is a great thoroughfare betwixt South- Wales and London. In K. John's R. it was burnt by a rebel Ld. of Breck- nock, but foon rebuilt. It was in- corporated by Q; Mary, and is go- verned by a high-fteward,. bailiff, re- ccrcer, 12 capital burgefles (out of whom the bailiff is choi'en) and a T.- clerk. Its Mt. is on Fr. and its Fairs, which are all noted for horfes and black cattle, on Feb. 2, Tu. after Midlent -Sunday, May 2, Jiine 19, Aug. 24, and 03. 28.. The Mt. was on Tb. till it was changed, en a peti- t ; on from the cities of Hereford and Worcefter complaining cf their lofs of trade ; fince which, the vaft trade it had in wool and wheat is much lef- fened. The wool brought hither from the neighbourhood has been reckoned the beft in all Europe, ex- cept that of Apulia and Tarentum, and.was defervedly called Lemfter ore, becaufe it enriched the T. very m-ich before the p titicn juft mentioned.. The bed flax is faid to grow here, and it has been equally noted for the beft wheat, barley, and the fineft bread. The inh. drive a confider.'.ble trade not only in the wool, but in { Lives.. leather, hat-making, &c. and there are feveral rs. in and about the T. on which they have mills end other ma- chines. It gives title of baron to the E. of Pomefradr. Near its Ch. are fome remains of its priory ; and on a neighbouring hill arethe ruins cfapa- lace, called to this day Comfor-Caftle. K. Hen. I. made the mon. here a cell, tohii abbey of Reading. The mayor walks with a long black rod, tipped \v;thfilver. There is an almth. here founded by the widow of one, who gave aivay the beil part of his effefts in his life-time. In a nich over the entrance is the figure of a man, holding op a L E L E katchet, with thefe words ; of which the reader will underftand the mean- ing, though the grammar is Iriih. " Let him that gives his goods " before he is dead, " Take this hatchet, and cut off " his head." ST. LEONARD'S, (SuJJex} lies in a foreft of the fame name, to the E. and S. E. of Hortham. It was one of the eftates forfeited to K. Hen. VII. by John D. of Norfolk, by adhering to Rich. III. and given toTho. Weft, Ld. Delawar. LEPPINGTON, (York. E.R.) bet. Stamford-Bridge and New-Mahon, ,ave title of baron, in the R. of K. James I. to the Ld. Hunfdon's fon, Carey, who was by K. Cha. I. created E. of Monmouth. S(c LESKEARD, (Cornw.) i8ocm. 229mm. from London. Mr. Nor- den, who furveyed and defchbed this Co. in the R. of James I. calls it Li/kerde ; and fays it is a poor T. whofe ruins however argue its pri/rine glory to be great, and that it is pri- vjledged for the coinage of tin, and has a pretty Mt. Since his time, it '"js improved to be one of the largeft and beft built Ts. in Cornwall, with the greateft Mt. It was firft incorpo- rated by Edward E. of Cornwall, af- terwards by K. John's fon, Richard K. of the Roman-, and had privi- leges from Edward the Black Prince. Q;_ Eliz. granted it a charter j by \vhich it was to have a mayor and b'jrgefTes, who fhould have a perpe- tual fuccelTiori, purchafe lands, &c. Kcre is a handfome town-hall built on ftone pillars, with a turret on it, and a noble clock with four dials that coftnear 200 /. the gift of Mr. Dol- ben, one of its members in Pt. and the corp. has had fine prefents of plate ficm others of their members, parti- cularly fiiver mugs and cups, round one of which, moft commonly in ufe, is this toping motto, '$ui fauit in po- (ulis : Jaliit in cmnibui* Here is a large Ch. and meeting-houfc, an eminent fr. fc. and a curious conduit ; and on the adjacent commons, which feed multitudes of flieep, there have been frequ.-nt horfe-raccs. K. Will, be- ftowed the rents and tolls of thisBor. on that great lawyer the Ld. Somers. It has a Mt. on 5. and 7 Fairs, -vix, Sbrovt-M. Mulhnt-M. the M. after St. Nicholas, Afcenfwn-day, Aug. 15, Sept. 21, and the M. after the 6th of Dec. Befides the Bor. there is the manor bel. to the duchy, where the Es. and fince the Ds. had a caftle and feat long fince decayed ; and here was a park alfo bel. to the duchy, but K. Hen. VIII. difparked it. Never- thelefs there is a park adjoining to the T. in which the E. of Radnor has a fine feat. Here was anciently a cha- pel of the Virgin Mary, famous for many pilgrimages to it. The lift of its Pt.-men begins the 23d of Edw. I. Here is a very great tradein all mfs. of leather ; and fome fpinning is fet u j} here lately, encouraged by the clo- thiers of Devon/hire. On the hills N. of Leflceard, and in the way from hence to Launcefton, are many mines of tin, which is caft in the blowing- houfes into blocks that are fent hi- ther to be coined. LESTORMAN, (Ccrn-a).} on the N. fide of Leftwithiel, is alfo called Loftcrmin-Caftle, which was for- merly a principal feat of the chief go- vernors of Cornwall, and ftood in a park of fallow deer, which, with fe- veral others, was difparked in the R. of Hen. VIII. Mr. NorJen, who wrote above 160 years ago, patheti- cally laments its then decaying ftate, and fays it was leafed out to Mr. Sa- muel. ^ LEST WITH i EL, (Cornwall) i88cm. 239m. from London, is a well-built T. where are kept the common-gaol, the weights and mea- fures for the whole ftannary, and the Co. courts. It ftands on the r. Fey, which brought up veflels from Fowey, before it was choakcd up with fand coming from the tin-mines, and there- L E therefore its once flourifhing trade is decayed ; but it holds the buflielage of coals, fait, malt, and corn in the T. of Fowey, as it does the ancho- rage in its harbour. It was made a corp. by Richard E. of Cornwall, when he was K. of the Romans, and has had other charters fince. It con- fiftscfy capital burgeffes (whereof one is mayor) and 17 afiiftants, orC.C. It is part of the duchy of Cornwall, to which it pays n/. 19 j. 10 d. a yesr, for its liberties. Its chief trade is the woollen mf. Its Ch. has a fpire, the only one, except that of Helfton, in the Co. Its Mt. is F. and its Fairs J.'.ns 2.9, Aug. 24, and Rrv. 2. It rirft returned members to Pt. in the 33d of Edw. I. They are chofen by their burgeffe:- and afilft- ants. The great hall and exchequer .of the Ds. of Cornwall, who had their palace here, was, with other lately buildings, defaced by the Pt. foldiers in 1644. It was anciently the (hire-town, and the knights of the fhire are ftill chofen here. y^" LETCHLADE, (GYT.y t (Eflix} h the liberty of paved in great part with alabaftcr Colchefter, on the fide of a fine heath, and channel-coal, in imitation of bel. formerly to the Fitzwalters, till black and white marble. The prc- it went by marriage to the Earls of bendaries ftalls, which are thought Suflex, and from them Jto the Lucas's, to be the beft in England, were moft # LICHFIEJ.D, (Staff.) 94 cm. of them re-erccled at the charge of Jt8 mm. ftom London, was, in the the country gentlemen, whole names Saxons time, an Abpk. for a Aort and arms are painted at the top of fpace, and is now, together with the Aalls. In the lame dole are the Coventry, a Bpk. It is a pretty palaces of the Bp. and dean, and the large T.' 3 m. from the Trent, and prebendaries houfes in a court on the divided by a little r. that runs into hill. Here are 3 other Chs. one of it, over which are two caufeys, with which, St. Michael's, has a Ch.-ynrd Cuices. The S. fide of it, which is of 6 or 7 acres. Here was a cafHe, much the greateft, is called the City, long fince delhoyed ; and ancient the other the Clofe. It was incor- camps have been discovered in it* porated by Edw. VI. with the name neighbourhood. This city has given of bailiffs and burgefles, and is both title of Earl to feveral families, but a T. and Co. governed by ^ bailiffs, now to the noble defcendant of Edw. chofen yearly out of 24 burgelll?, a Hen. Lee, who was fo created by recorder, a fljeriff, a fteward, and Cha. II. This being a thoroughfare ether officers. Here is a Gaol both to the N. W. Cos. has feveral very for debtors and felons, a fr. fc. and good inns. The ale here is very a pretty large well endowed hof. much commended, as it is indeed all Th Co. *f the city is 10 or i m ver the Co, In the neighbourhood e are L I are frequent hotfe-races. The Mts-. here are on Tu. and F, and Fairs on the three firft Tbs. after T-Kclfib-dzy, Ajb-W. May i, and the F. before Jc LIME, (Dorfft.} 23 m. from Dorchefter, 28 from Exeter, i2c.cm. 144 L I 144 mm. from London, is alfo called Lime-Regis, or King's-Lyme. It formerly bel. to Sherborn-Abbey, but was annexed to the crown in the Reign of King Edward I. who granted it the fame privileges as Mcl- comb-Regis, and indeed as London itfelf, with a court of huttings, and freedom from ail toll, lafhge, &c. \vhith were confirmed by Edward II. and III. by K. James I. K. Cha. I. K. Will, "and Q._ Mary. The corp. contorts of a mayor, (who is juftice of peace, during his mayoralty, and the year after, and in the third year both iuftice and coroner) a recorder, 1 S capital burgefTcs, and a T.-clerk. It has i harbour in the Channel, and a rivulet glides by it, from which it has its name. As it lie* on the de- clivity of a hill, the houfes make a good (hew one above another, and fome of them are built of frce- ftone, and covered with blue flate. It had formerly a very Hourifhing trade to France, Spain, the Streiehts, Newfoundland, and the Weft-Indies, during which, the cuftoms amounted fome years to 16,000 /. but it ftands on futh a high fteep rock, that the mrrri-hants 2re obliged to load and Unload their goods at a pkce a quarter of a m. off, called the Cobb, which cofts a great deal to maintain, but forms fuch a harbour as, perhaps, is not to be equalled in the wot Id, the (hips being meltered by a high thick Aone wall raifed in the main fea, a good way from the fliore, broad enough for carriages and warehoufes, and the cuftom-houfe officers have one upon it. The cellars of the low part of the T. near the fea, are often overflowed by the fpring-tides jo or iz feet. There are guns planted for defence both of the Cobb and the T. the fliore here being very proper for batteries. The merchants h-ive begun lately to trnde in the pilchard fifhery. The tuftom-houl'e Rands on pillars, with the corn Mt. under it. After the defeat of the D. of Mon- mouth, who landed here June ll, LI 1685, with only 100 men, brought over in a man of war of 30 guns onlyj and two other fmall vefiel?, with arms indeed for 4000 men, many of his party were executed here, and their limbs hung up in the T. The Mt. here is F. the Fairs Feb. T. and 24, May 2, and S,-ft. zi. Its lift of members of Pt. commences the 23d of Edw. I. We road, that, in 774, the Saxon K. Kinwulf gave land hereabouts to the Ch. of Shcr- born, for the boiling of fait there to fupply its neceflities. LIMME, (Kent) near Hithe, and 4 m. from Romney, was formerly a port, till choaked up by the fands ; and though it is thereby become a poor T. yet it has the horn and mace, and other tokens left of its ancient grandeur, and ufcd to be the place where the Ld. warden of the Cinque- Ports was fworn, at his entrance upon his office. The Roman road from Canterbury, called Stane-ftreet, ended here, and from the brow of its hill may be feen the ruinous Roman walls almoft at the bottom of the marihes j and Roman coins have been found in the neighbourhood. Li MM ING TON, (Som.) near II: chefter, is noted for a Ichool kept here by the famous Wolfey, who being put in the ftocks by Sir Amias Paulet, for a mifdcmeano'r, he lo re- fented it when he came to be cardi- nal, and in the higheft favour with K. Henry VIII. that when he was foliciting a court favour, he made him dance attendance at London for it fe. veral years. Li M p s K i L D, (Sxrrv] ne.ir Croy- don, on the road to Kent, is the manor and feat of Sir Maimaduke Grcfham, Bt. LINAM, (Devon.} nearPIvmpton, on the bank of the Yalm, bel. r.ri- c'rently to the Topclifts, then 1 1 the ChurchiHs, from whom it defcc-cded to the family of Crocker, who have' had it almoft ever lince lidw. IV. LINBY, (Nott.) bet. Sherwood. Forcfl and Codnor-Caftfc, bel. heie- L I 1 I tnrore to Trinity-Priory at Lenfon, and to Newftede-Abbey, and after- wards to the crown, when K. John gave one moiety to Will. St. Michael >f London, and the ether to Sir Peter Lettris and his brother, to hold cf the crown during pleafure. The K's. moiety reverted to Henry III. and wfually went along with the Lp. :" Mansfield. The ether moiety was alienated in the R. cf Edw. III. to Sir William de HameJdon, from whom it pa!Fed to the Strelieys, and from them by marriage to the Stave - ieys. During this, that part of the is.'s. moiety which had been given to N 2v. ftede- Abbey, by the purchafer Sir John Crumbwell, was, with that mon. given by Henry VJ II. at the DifT. to Sir John Byron, Kt. whcfe descendant, Ld. Byron, flill enjoys it, or did fo very lately. The Earl of Harrington has a feat here. $( LINCOLN, (Line.} 103 cm. 128 mm. from London, was formerly called Nicol. It ftands on the fide of a hi!), with the Witham r. run- ning at the bottom in three frmll channels, over which are feveral t ridges. Vortimer, that valiant Bri- tcn v, ho fo often defeated the Saxons, Uied and was buried here. The Danes tcck this city twice by ftorm, and the Saxons as often retook it. In Edward the CcnfcfTor's time it is fa id to have had loyohcufes; and Malmfbury relates, that in the Nor- ir.ans time it was one of the mod po- pulous cities in England, and a mart for aJ] goods ccming by land or water. K. Will. I. built a caftle here ; sr.d, about the fame time, the Bp's See was tranflated hither frcni Dorchefter in Oxfordshire. This is ftill reckoned the biggeft diccefe in all England, thou fc h EJy, Peterborough, and Ox- ford, have been taken out of it. K. Edw. III. made this city a Maple far wool, leather, lead, &c. It was $nce burnt, once befieged by K. Ste- phen, who was here defeated and taken prifoner, and once taken by Hen. III. from his rebellious Barons. It is faid to have had 52 Chs, vrkitk in the R. of Edw. VI. were by aft of Pt. reduced to j3, and they are now Lut 13, and the meaneft that are to be ften any where, except its cathedral, or minfter, which is a ftately Gothic pi.'e, the glory of Lincoln, being brought by facial Bps. to fuch a pitch cf magnificence snd elevation, that the monks ufed to fay, the devil muft needs frown at fo noble a ftruilure for divine v.cr- fl>ip j from whence it became a pro- verb to fay of a man \vho has malice and envy, that It leakt as the devil cs:>y the widows of clergymen. The neighbouring courfe is noted for fre- quent horfe-races. On thp down of Lincoln, towards Bofton, tint rare fowl the buftard is feen fometimes, as well as on Saiiibuiy -Plain. Lin- coln-heath extends above 50 m, viz. from Sleaford and Ancafter S., to the Hymber N. though it is but 3 or 4 m. over, where hroadeft. The Mrs. here are 1u. and F. the Fairs "June 24, firft F. in Scfterr.btr, and Nov. 17. We read that David K. of Scots met K. John here, on the aid of Nov. in the 3d of his R. and performed homage to him, on a hill without the city, in pre/ence of the Abps. of Canterbury, York, and Ragufa, 13 Bps. and a vaft number of temporal Lds. Kts. aad Efqrs. Englifli and Scots. K. Henry VII. kept his court here at Eafter, in 1486. The Jews were once its chief inh. till they were forced to remove, after having impicufly crucified the child of one Grantham, and thrown it into a well, to this day called Grantham's-Well. The Bps had a magnificent palace here, \shich was ruined in the civil wars. LINCOMB (>.) in the p. of Ilfarcomb, bel. lately to the family of Witchalfe, that flourished at Chldkigh ; and the abbey of Danki- Well had lands here formerly. LiNCOMB-Sr AW. (Sim.) is near Bath, to whofe priory bel. feme of its pattures and meadows, which at the Difl'. were given by Hetty VIII. to Sir Will. Herbrrr. LINDLEY, (Lt/r.) near Fenny- Drayton, was. if it be not ftill, the manor of the Burtons, in which, iic- eording to Mr. Will. Burton, of this family, who wrote the hiftory of this Co. no adder, fnake, or lizard v.i.3 ever ieen, though they are corronua ficugJU in the neightaoihoed. LlNDSKY-LsVKt, (LitlC. ) ;'tt* great. fen beyond the r. Glen.- L>nd- Jfy is the third divifion of ths Co. which runs out into the ocean, that wafhes it on the E. and N. as doe the Trent on the W. Ic is bigger than the two other divifuns, Hyl- land and Kefteven, from which laft, it is parted by the r. Witham and the Fofsdike. It gives title of Mar- quis to the D. of Ancafler, as it did formerly of Earl to the Lds. Wil. loughbj, Barons of Erefby. LINEHAM, (Oxf.) not far from Chadlington, has a burrow, fuppofed to have been a work cf the Danes. Bet. this place and Pudlicot, a fub- terraneous paflage leads dowa to Evenlode r. LINKORD, (Naif.) bet. Mund- ford and Buckenham-Parva, has a paflage over the r. to Ickburgh. It bel.. formerly to the priory of Thet- ford j but at the Difl'. K. Hen. VIII. granted it to Thomas D. of Norfolk, upon whofe attainder it reverted t' the crown, and was granted by K. Edw. VI. to Rich. Fulmer/ton, from whom it went by marriage of his daughter to Sir Edw. Clare. In the R. of Q._Eliz. thereverfion cf it was granted to Philip Earl of ArundeJ, by whom it was fold to Francis Murid- ford, Efq; ofFeltwell. It was after- wards fold to Mr. Turner, whofe fon, the late Sir Charles, conveyed it, about 1717, to James Nelthorp, Efq; who built a very agreeable feat here, in the foundation of which, in 1720, two Roman urns were dug up, as was another near it, in 1735, with pieces of bones and artics. The file of its Ch. which has been long de- rnolifleJ, .isinclofed and planted with Scotch firs. This place is alTetfed to the land-tax at 189 /. 26 s. 8, i'.s much land as is fuppofed to be uot kis tLa aco a, L I ference, viz, all the wealds of Surry and Suflex, as far as the S. downs,, and even beyond them to the fea, part of Hampshire, Berks, Oxford- fliire, Bucks, Hartfordftire, Middle- fex, Effex, and Kent ; and, by the help of a telefcope, fome part of Wilts. Great part of the brow of it being flid down from the fide of the hill into the grounds below, caufed by a delf of ftones dug out of the fides of it, the bare places from whence the earth is parted, being of a reddifli colour, plainly appear above 40 m. off. LlTTLEBORN, (Kent} OH the E. fide of Canterbury, bel. formerly to St. Auftin's Abbey in that city,, and has a manor in it called Well, which the late Lieut. Col. Prude purchafed of the Palmers. LlTTLEBOROCGH, (LinC.) JJC3 in that which was a Roman way, now the great road for the pack- horfes that travel from th* W. of Yorkshire to Lincoln. Lynn, and Norwich. LITTLIBOBOUCH, (Nott.) for- merly in the manor of Mansfield, was long ago famous for its ferry ever the Trent into Lincolnshire, 3 m. S. of Gainefborough. It is fup- j-ofed to have been the Roman Age. Iccum, and near it have been found Romaa urns, and ether antiquities, befifies great numbers of coins ploughed up, called f\vine-penys, becaufe thefe creatures fome times rout them up. Many little coins like flatted pea?,, called mites, are alfo fuund here In 1718, two altars were dug up, which are let as piers in the wall- on the fide of the fleps that lead from the r. to the inn, Mr. Ella, vicar of Ramptcn hard by, coi- kcled fevers j of the fwine-peny$, and Mr. Hardy had- a large urn with- a female face c'n it. The Trent has wafted away part of the E. fide of the T. and foundations and pave- ments are vifiblc on the bank, efpc. cially in the field near White's-bridge. 0* the E, fide of the r, there haj been L I TO L O keen a camp. There are feveral fprings hereabouts, efpecially on the top of the heath, which are {aid to flow and ebb with the Trent, though fome are 5111. diftant. LITTLECOTE, (#-7//.t) on the Rennet, near Hungerford, was the manor of judge Popham, and the feat of the late Earl of Pembroke. LITTLEHAM, (Dd'an.*) near Otterton, bel. formerly to the ab- bey of Sherburn, and after the Diff. was purchafed ky Sir The. Dennis. LJTTLEHAM, (Devon.) near Portlidge, was once the manor of the Stapledons, and defcended to Sir John St. Leger, from the Botelers Earls of Ormond, by matching with an heir cf Hankfurd ; but is now the eftate of the Leighs, by marriage of one of the coheirs of Boteler of Parkham, to whofe anceftors Sir John St. Leger fold it. Robert Boteler granted to Clement Boteler and his wife, all his lands in this manor called Holland. LlTTLEMORE, ( Oxf. ) On the E. fide of Oxford, was formerly a priory, the fite and demefne of which was 'made over by Henry VIII. to Geo. Owen, Efq; in exchange for the manor of Charlbury. LITTLETON, (MiJ<1.) on the r. A(h, near Lalam, fo called from the fmall quantity of ground bel. to it, was given formerly to St. John's priory in London, and in the R. of Edward VI. exchanged by the crown with Sir Thomas He.neage for other lands. Here is now the feat of Mr. Wood. LITTLETON, (Wilti] in the p. f Lavington-Siihops, bel. anciently to the Payrolls, one of whom pro- cured a charter from Edw. II. for a Mt. on Tu. and a Fair at Midfummer, but the Mt. has been long difufed, if not the Fair. In the R. of Edw. If t. it pailed to the Ld. Molins ; but how it has been conveyed fmce we cannot learn. LITTLETON, NORTH, SOUTH, and MIDDLE, {Wire.} are 3 fmall ps. on the E. b. of the Co. which are only noted for a petrifying ipring, on the top of that which they call Harrow- Hill, fituate in the North and MiJdle.-Littieton, 2 m. from E- veffiam, whofe water is neveithelefa of a foft tafte, and faid to be very excellent for cleanfing fore eyes. LLANDONY-ABBEY, (Mtnm.) among the Hatterel-Hills, not far from the r. Mynwy, was founded fcy Walter Lacy, the anccftor of thofe who were the firft conquerors cf Ire- land, in a folitary place in the low vale of Ewias, where had been an hermitage. The priory of the fame name near Glocefter was at firft a cell to this mon. but K. Edw. IV, united them by his charter, by which this abbey became a cell to the other, LoDBROOK-PARK, (Jfarw.'] on the W. fide of Umberflade, was pur- chafed of the crown in the R. of Henry VIII. by Sir George Throck- morton. f LODDON, (Norf.) 8cm. frora Norwich, 89 cm. 105 mm. frora London. In the R. of Henry VII. Sir John Hobart, anceftor to the pre- fent Earl of Buckingham/hire, had a feat here. Its Mt. which is on F. was procured in the R. of Henry III. by one Will. Charles j the manor K now, or was lately, in the poflef- fion of the heirs of Mr. Francis. Gardiner, aid. of Norwich j and the late Ld. Fitzwilliams, a peer of Ire- land, had a feat here. It has a Fair Nov. 10. LoDCx-HiLL, (Midd.} in tfiat which was formerly Homfey-Park, had, by all appearance, a- fort upoa it, rather than a lodge, if. LONDON. This great city, the metropolis of Great-Britain, is fo well known , and has been fo amply defcribed in numbers of vo- lumes, one or other of which arc almoft in every hand, that to give an account of it in this Work, in the manner we have treated of the other cities, will be thooght tinneceflary, and would moreover rwell it far beyond the limits of two pocket vohsmeSt Therefore we flull only oWerve, thc L O ft lies in N. Lat. 51. 32, l8cm. W. of Amfterdam, 200 N. W. of Paris, 270 S.E. of Dublin, 300 S. of Edin- burgh, 500 S. W. of Copenhagen, 600 N. W. of Vienna, 8oc N. E. of Madrid, 820 N. W. of Rome, and 1360 N. W. of Conftantuiople. LONGDON, ( Staff. ) 4m. from Lichfield, in the road to Chefter, on a brook that runs into Trent, is noted for feverai gentlemens feats in it j as Sir Ed w. Littleton's, which afterwards came to the Wrights, and then to the Ridleys, who married with the Traf- fords j the Broughtons, who 1 ad a feat here, frcm the R. of K.John to the 44th of Edw. I. when Thomas i,d. Broughton fold it to Roger Alton, whole pcfterity long enjoyed it, if they do not Ml i and laftly of the Arblafters. LONGKORD, (Wiltt) 3m. from Salilbury, the feat of Bovery the Ld. Vile. Folkfton, to whom it gives title cf Baron. The houfe was built in the R. of K. James I. It is of a triangular form with round towers at each corner, in which are the dining- room, library, and chapel. There is a gallery with admirable pictures of the chief matters, particularly 2 land. fcapes of Claod Lorrain, one a riling, the other a fetting-fun, which, are reckoned two of his belt pieces. It is faid, the pictures, furniture, and fit- ting up of this gallery coft loooo /. The r. Avon runs through the gar. den. LoNCIlAT , Or LoNGf LZT , (WiY) 3m. E. ofWarminfter, and 4m. S.E. from Frome-Selwood in Somcrfet, has been for a long time the leat of the Thynnes, defcentkd from a family who came into Eng- land in the R. of King John, and fettling firft at Botteville and Stratton in Shropshire were called Bottevilles, till about the time of Edw. IV. when one of them being from a very thin habit, of body called Thynn, for di- fake, the family retained that name ever after. The prel'ent Vifc..Weyn;outb, a defcendaot from L O it, has a noble old houfc here, which was 12 years in building from 1567, and has been often damaged by fire. The gardens and avenuei, being full grown, are very fine, and exceedingly well kept* ItcoftthelatcLd.Wey- mouth a great revenue in hoipitality to fuch Grangers as came from Bath and Wells, Frome, &c. to fee this fplendid houfe. It is founded on the file of a priory, which was purchafed of Hen. VII. by Sir John Horfey of Clifton in Devon, and bought of him by Sir John Thynn. The priory was a cell to the rnoa. at Hinton in So- merfet. g^ LONCTOWN, (Cuml.} en the Scots b. near the conflux of the Eik and Kirkfop, 7 m. from Carlifle, 234 cm. 316 mm. from London, has a Mt. on 1b. and a ch. fc. for 60 chjldren. The late Ld. Prefton had a eat here. LONG woRTH-LowiH, (Heref.) is a farm near Hereford, bounded two parts in three by the rs. Lug and Frome, which lets at about i6o/. a year, being all meadow and pafture, and banked to keep out the unprofi- table floods j but there are flood-gates in the banks to lay it under water la a dry fumn-.er. LOOPOOL, (Csrniv.} is a lake z m long near Heliton, parted from the fea by a ridge ; over w hich the waves foinetimes beat with a wonderful roar. It abounds with excellent trouts, (~?c. LOPHAM, N. and S. or Gr. ansj Lit. (fffrfoik] on the b. of Suffolk, W. of DilFt, are two diftinft ps. but one manor. The Ch. of South or Little-Loplwm was given by one cf the Bygots its ancient Lds. in the R. of Hen. I. to the monks of Thetford, who foon after funencered it to the Ld. of the manor, who added it with the appurtenances to the other Ch. This manor was forfeited to the crown, in the R. cf Hen. II. but was reftored to the family by Rich. I, one of whom fettled it on K. Edw. I, but Edw. II. gave it to his brother, Tboaas oc Brotiieiton, E, of Nor. folk, and msrmal of England. It went by marriage of his daughter to John Ld. Segrave, and upon her death to her grandlbh, Thomas Mowbray U. f' Norfolk 5 and it is now the trtate of the prefent D. of Norfolk. Here is a park, which in 1641 was farmed at 390 /. a year. South-Lopham is iiTeflcd to the K's.-tax at 7857. a year,and Norlh-Lopharn at 772 I. 101. The houfes' in both are about 150, jnd the inh. 930. $3* LOUGHBOKOUGH, ( Le'lC. ) ?6cm. 107 mm. from London, the fccond T. in the Co. was in the Saxons time a royal village. After the conqueft it bel. to the noble fa- mily of Defpenfers, who obtained a Mt. for it on Tb. and Fairs on Au- guft i, and Nov. 2. It was after- wards forfeited to the crown, and granted by Edw. III. to Henry Ld. Beaumont ; but was again forfeited by one of his defcendants in the R. of Edw. IV. and granted to William Ld. Haftings. ViTc. Beaumont waj reitored to it by Hen. VII. but on the attainder of Vifc. Lovel, his fuc- ceficr, it reverted to the crown, and K. Hen.VllI. granted ittotheMarq. of Dorfet ; but on the attainder of his fon, Henry D. of Suffolk, Q. Mary granted it to Edward Ld. Haftings ; from whom it defcended to the Es. of Huntingdon, to whom it gives ti- tle of Baron ; and near it they have a feat. Since Camden's time, when he fays it was the largeft and beft- built T. in the Co. next to Lcicefter, it has been very much diminish d by fires. It has a large Ch. and a fr. fc. befides a ch. fc. for So boys, and another for 20 girls. It is frill a very agreeable T. with rich meadow-ground on the Foile, which runs here almoft parallel \vith the r. Soar. ff3> LOUTH, (Line. ) 112 cm. 133 mm. from London, is a T.- cor- porate of good refort, which takes its name from the r. Lud. Befides a ch. fc. for 40 children, it has a fr. fc. founded by Edw. VI. with a fair large Ch. and a fine fteeple,. which L O fome think is as high as Gra.-thsnj fpirc. Its Mts. ut W. and S. jncl its Fairs May i, and July 25. LOWDHAM, (N^tt.) i m. front Trent, bet. Nottingham and South- well, bel. anciently to a family of the fame name ; but coming to the crown, Hen. IIL granted it to Waiter By let y and his heir:; ; b\it at length it fell to Sir Baldwin Trcvik ; from whole heirs it defctndcd to the V/illoughbys of Wollaton ; but it was lately Sir Fr. Dalfton's, the lady Rerefby's, and Mrs. Manning's. # Low-EAST,(Cerw.)i85ein. 23-2 mm. from London, in the poft- road from Plymouth, is an ancient Bor. by prefcripticn, made a corp. by charter of Q._ Eliz. confiding of 9 burgefies, one of whom is yearly, chofen the mayor, a recorder, aid. Cjff ; And the mayor, magistrates, aad free- men, who are about 68, chufe ths members of Pt. This being a manor of the duchy of Cornwall, was fet- tled by K. William on Ld. Somers> and is now held by the corp. at the fee-farm rent of acj. a year. Here is a poor battery of 4 guns, and a fmall chapel, which was much beau- tified by Sir Ton. Trelawney, the late Bp. of Winchefter, whofe family feat is near this pbce. The minifter of St. Martin's, the mother-Ch. and burial-place, is obliged to preach in it once in 3 weeks. The chief trade is fifoing for pilchards. Its Mt. is S. the Fairs Feb. 2, and Sept. 29. * LOW-WEST, called alfo Port- Pigham, is divided from the former by a ftone-bri as neat and clean a T. as any in England, and it is as flouriiliing as moft in this part of it. It was in- corporated by dw. IV. has a power of trying and executing criminals di- itintr. from the Co. and is governed by two bailiffs, 12 aid. 25 C. C. a recorder, a T.-clerk, ftcward, cham- berlain, coroner, &c. The T. is divided into 4 wards, has 7 gates in its walls, and a caflle over the Corve, that was befieged and taken by K. Stephen, of which fomc of the offices are fallen down, and great part of it turned into a bowling-green ; but part of the royal apartments and the fword of ftate are flill left. The walls were at firft I m. in corn, and there was a lawn before it for near 2 m. of which much is now in- clofcd. The battlements are very high and thick, and adorned with towers. It has a neat chapel, where are the coats of arms of abundance of the . Welfti gentry, and over the ftable doors arc the arms of (^..Eiiz, the Earls of Pembroke, &e. This cafllb was a palace of the Prince of Wales, in right of his Principality. The r. Temd has a good bridge over it, fe- veral wears acrofs it, and turns great many mills. Here is a large parochial Ch. which was formerly collegiate, in the choir whereof is an inscription relating to Prince Arthur, elder brother to K. Hen. VIII. who died here, and whole bowels were here deposited, though it is faid his heart was taken up fome time ago in a leaden box. In this choir is a clofet, commonly called the Godt- Houfe, where the prielts ufed to keep their confecratcd utenlils 5 and in the Alt. -place is a conouit, with a long rfone crofs on it, and a niche wherein is the image of St. Lawrence, to whom theCh. was dedicated. On the N. fide of the T. there was a rich priory, whereof there are few ruins to be feen, except thofe of its Ch. Here are an almlh. for 30 poor people, and 2 ch. fcs. where 50 boys nd 30 girls arc both taught and cloathed. It has a great Mt. on M. and 3 lefier ones on W. F. and S, Its Fairs are f. before Eajier, Wbit- \.-n.iy. June 24, Aug. 4 and -JO, Sift. 17, Nov. i and 15. Provi- fions are very cheap here ; and at the annual horfe-raccs there is the Left of company. The country round is exceeding pleaiant, fruitful and po- pulous, efpecially that part called the Corvefdale, being the vale on the banks of the r. Corve. LUFFENHAM, N. and S. (Rutl.) 4 m. from Uppingham, fuppofed to have been anciently one T. bel. in the R, of Henry I. to the Beauchamps* In later times the Digbys had a moiety of the manor of N. Luften- ham; and the Harringtons had a manor there, which was bought in the R. of Charles I. by Hemy Noel, fecond fon of the Vifc. Cambden, who made it his feat. Now it bel, to the Barker,, Digby and Burton families. The Digbys have a man. fcon* L U L U f-oiuhoufe here, and Will. Burton, tig; a very handfome houfe and gardens. LUFF WICK, (NorrbafKf,) on the K.W. fide of Thrapfton, WMS the manor of Sir Henry Green of Dray- ton, and paffed by marriate to the Stafford* Us. of Buckingham. Lu L LINGS To^, (Kent] on the Derwent, was anciently the fcjt of a noble family of that name, and after- wards of the Rofll-s, Rokefieys, and Peches, and by the heirefs of the Peches it came to the late Sir Per- cival Hart. Sir John Peche, who was Ld. of this Ti founded an almfii. here, and gave 500 /. to other pious ufes, to be performed by the grocers company in London. LULWORTH, EAST arxJ WEST, ( Dorft'Jb. ) betw. Weymouth and Corfo-Cartle, was the manor and feat of Mr. WeW, much admired by Charles II. LUMLEY.CAJTLE and PARK, {Durham) on the E. fide of the r. Were, oppofite to Chefter-in-the- Street, was the ancient feat of the Lumie)S, and now of the Earl of Scarborough, to whom it gives title of Baron. The caftie has very cu- rious paintings of feveral anceftors of this noble family for fome hundred years part, in the habits of the times \vherein they lived } and they fay, that K. James I. lodging in this caitle, when he came from Scotland to the throne, and feeing a fine pic- ture of die ancient pedigree of the femiiy. which carried it very far be- yond what he thought credible, fa;d, in a jefl, to the Bp. of Durham, who ftewed it, That be did rat hnsna be- fore that Adamt furname tvat Lum- ley. There is a ferry to this feat ver the Were, rented at 6 /. a year, by a man and his wife, who have a little houfc in the park, and carry over perfons for a half-peny. This park abounds with the beft coals in the country, which, with the r. near it. that is fome times navigable, whereby they a.'C cired down io Sursderland, makes the park alj in- exhauftible treafure to the Lumley family. At Lumley T. is an hof. creeled by Sir John Duck, for twelve poor women, and a chaplain , to which the inh. being far from the p. Ch. have the convenience of re forting for di^ne ferviee, L u N r>, ( York. E. R. ) on th<- N. W. fide of Bcverley, had in the R. or dw. I. the grant of a Mt. on Tb. fince difuied, and a Fair Nov. I and 2. Ir is the feat of Mr. Re- mington. LvNDv-IsT.AKn, though 50 m. in the fea, off the N. W. coaft of Devonshire, has fprings of frefh wa- ter. It is 5 m. long and 2 broad, but fo incompaffed with inaccerliMe rocks, that it has but one entrance to it, fo narrow, that i men can fcarce go abreaft. It is reckoned in the H. of Branton. It had once both a fort and a chapel. The S. part of it it indifferent good foil, but the N. part of it is pretty barren, and has a high pyramidical rock, called the Con- ftable. Here are horfes, kine, hogs, and goats, with great ftore of iheep and rabbets j but their chief commo- dity is fowl, with which it abounds much, their eggs being very thick on th ground at their feafon of breeding. No venomous creature will live in this ifland, which, in the R. of Edward III. bel. to the Lutterels, and of late to the Greenvills. In the R. of Hen. VIII. one Will. Morifco, who had confpired to murder him at Woodftock, fled to this ifland, which he fortified, turned pirate, and did much damage to this coaft, but was taken by furprize at length, with 1 6 of his accomplices, and put to death. LUPPIT, or LOVEPIT, (Devon.) on the r. that comes from Up- Ottery, had its name from the lovely valley here, once the habitation of a religious order, which, when difce- vered> was tranflated to the abbey of Newcnham, LU TO L Y LtJPTOV, (Devon.) in the p. of Brixham, the ancitnt feat of the Pe- verels, went by marriage to John Upton, whofe descendant, Arthur Upton, Efq; lately enjoyed it, LUSTKLEJGH, (Devon,) near the r. Bovy, not far from Bovy-Tracy, was the Lp. of the Widworthys, and fold in the R. of Henry IV. to Will. Burlefton, who conveyed it to Sir John Wadham; in whofe pofterity it remained to the death of Sir Nich. Wadham. f^ LUTON, (Bedf.) 3 m. from Dunftable, 8 from St. Albans, in the road to Okeham, and 28 cm. 29 mm. from London, is noted for the mf. of ftraw hats, and has a corn Mt. on M. with Fairs April 23, and Aug. 15. Here was a chapel adjoining to the Ch. founded in the R. of Hen. VI. by John Ld. Wenlock ; who forfeiting it, Edw. IV. beAowed it on his cour- tiers j and in the next R. it bel. to John Rotheram, Efqj heir to Thomas Abp. of York. J^P LuTTERWOiTH, (LeiC.) 71 cm. 84 mm. from London, had for its rector the famous reformer John WickclifF, who died and was buried here ; but his bones were taken out of his grave, and burnt 40 years after, by order of the council ofCenftance. The pulpit he preached in is ftill preferved in its Ch. Dr. Buibyj the rioted mafter of Wcftmin- rter fchool, was a!fo buried here. The Mt. is Tb. Fairs Jan. 6, 3 Tbt. after Epiphany, March 22, A(cenfion-day. The Roman Watling-Street runs on the W. fide of the T. The manor formerly bel. firft to the Verdons, and then to the Grays, who forfeited it to the crown. The FieJciings, an ancient family in this ftire, had their feat kere. In the neighbourhood is a pe- trifying fpring. ^ LYDD, (Katt,) 2m. and half S. W. of Romney, of which T. and port it is a member, 63 cm. 75 mm. from London, is a populous T. with a Mt. en Ti>. ?nd Fair July 13. 'Tis ed L>y tLe name ci a bailiff, ( elected July 22 ) jurats, and com- monalty. In the Beach near Stone* End, is a heap of ftones, fancied to be the tomb of Crifpin and Crifpianus. And sear the fea, is a place, called Holmftone, confiding of beach and pebble-ftones j which abounds never- thelefs with holm-trees. Here is a ch. fc. - L Y D D i N 6 T o N, and its Park, (Rut/.) bet. Uppingham and Rocking- ham, is the ancient manor-place of the Bps. of Lincoln, who had a palace, with a Mt. here, till Hen. Holbech, theBp. in the R. of Edw. VI. gave thia manor to that K. who granted it t Gregory Li. Cromwell, and his wife, for their lives, at the yearly rent of 14 /. odd money 5 but the reverfion was granted to Will. Cecil Ld. Burleigh, father to him who was by K. James I. created Earl of Exeter ; in whofe fa- mily, we are told, it ftill remains. The epifcopal palace here was, in 1602, converted by Thomas Ld. Burleigh, then Ld. of the manor, into an hof. which he endowed for a warden, iz poor men, and 2 women, and gave it the name of Jefus-Hofpital. LYDNEY, (Gloc.) upon the Severn, near Newenham, is a large p. with feveral hamlets and manors ; two of which, named Lydncy, formerly bel. to the Beauchamps and Nevils Earl* of Warwick, and the Talbots Earls of Shrewfbury. Being afterwards in the crown, they were granted to Sir Tho. Seymour ; who forfeiting them by his attainder, Q.^ Eiiz. granted them to Sir William Winter, vice-admiral of England, for his defence of it againlt the Spaniih Armada. In that re- markable year 1588, he began fiately houfe here, called White- Crofs, which his pofterity have in- habited ever fmce. His grandfon, Sir John Winter, who was engaged for K. Cha. I. through the whole civil wars, being once hard prefled by the rebels clofe at his heels, miraculoufly faved hi lii'e, by leaping into the r from the rocks of Tydenham j which place to this day bears ths name of F f Winter's, L Y L Y WinterVLeap. Here is' an almfli. bel. to John Daneys. In the R. of and a feat of Een. Bathurft, Efq;. Edward VI. it was in the family of LY nsi N G, (Kent,} nearGravefend, Peyton ; from which it was conveyed bel. iorrnerly to the priory of Roche- to John Hunt, whofe fon mortgaged fter ; but at the Dill'. K. Hen. VIII. it in the R. of Q._ Eliz. to Tobias gave it to the D. and C. Here it Loveday of Stamford. In later times was that Mr. Lambard fays 600 Nor- it was purchafed by Sir Abel Barker, man young gentlemen, who came over and his brother Themas ; and the with the young Princes Alfred and late Sir Tho. Barker, Ion of Sir Abel, Edward, the fons of K. Ethelred, after^ had his feat here, as has now Sam. the death of the Danifli K. Canute, to Barker, Efq; who married the daugh- take poffeffion of theirfather's throne, ter of the Rev. Mr. Will. Whifton. \yere maffhcred by Godwin Earl of LYNFORD,GREAT andLiTTiE, Kent, who fought thereby to fecure (Bucks,) near Newport-Pagnel. At it to himfelf and his family. Here is the former, which was the feat of a chapel of eafe to Gillingham. the late Richard Uthwait, Eiq; is a L VLB CRN, (Nortbamp.) to the ch. fc. The latter was anciently a N. E. of Hilmcrton, near Dow-Bridge chapel in the p. of Newport, and the over the Avon, was anciently the feat of John Knapp, Efq;. manor and feat of the Camvils, who built a caftle here, of which, it faid, there are ftill fame remains ; LYNN-REGIS, or KING'S- LYNN, (Norfolk,} 80 cm. 98 mm. from London, was a Bor. by prefcrip- and from whom it went by marriage, tion before K. John ; who, becaufe in the R. of K. John, to Thomas Ld. it adhered to him. againft the Barons, Aftley. It is fuppofed to have been made it a free Bor. with large privi- one of the Roman ftation?, by its leges, appointed it a proveft, and gave fituation on the Watling-Street, one it a filver cup of about So ounces, of their highways, and by the pave- doubly gilt and enamelled, and four ments, trenches, ruins of walls and large filver maces that are carried be- houfes, hills for caftles, hillocks for fore the mayor ; as is K. Hen. VIII's baftions, &c. at and near it ; and fword, which he gave to the T. particularly by the veftigia of a fort, when it came into his hands by ex- at the mount called the Round-Hi!/. change with the Bp. of Norwich 5 LYMING, (Kent,) z m. S. of after which it was called King's- Elham, in the road to Hith, had Lynn, whereas before it was Bifliop's- a nunnery, the f:te of which was Lynn. K. Hen. III. made it a mayor- granted by K. Hen. VIII. to the See T. for its ferving him againft the of Canterbury ; and upon the Abp's. Barons. It has had 15 royal char- exchange of it for another eftate, the ters, and is governed by a mayor, fame K. granted it to Sir Anth. Au-' high-fteward,under-fteward, recorder, cherj in whofe family it continued 12 aid. and i8C. C. It hzs z Chs. till Sir Anthony fold it, in the laft befides St. Nicholas, a chapel of eafe century, to Sir John Roberts of Can- to St. Margaret's, a prefbyterian and terbury. a quaker's meeting-houfe ; with a LyNnHOLM, orLiNDHAM, bridewell or workhoufe, and feveral (York. W.R.) in a morafs below Hat- almfhs. a fr. fc. a good cuftom-houfe, field ; where, it is faid, no fparrows with a convenient quay, and ware- were ever feen, though it is a good houfes. In All-Saints p. is a fmall foil for both pafture und corn. hof. where 4 poor men live rent-free ; LYNDON, (Rut/.) in the great N. and another, called St. Mary Mag- road, within 5 m. of Stamford, was dalen's, which was a priory founded granted by K. Edw. III. to Robert de in the R. of K. Stephen ; but rebuilt Coiby 5 but in the R, of Edw, IV. it in 4649, and s now under the cae l of L Y L Y of two of the fenvor aid. chofen by the other governors. In 1681 a rui- nous old chapel here was turned into a workhoufe, where 50 poor children are taught both to read, and fpin wool, and when at fit age are put out apprentices. By aft of Pt. it is fet- tled in the guardians of the poor. In Sept. 1741 the fpires of its 2 Chs. were both blown down by a ftorm of wind ; and that of St. Margaret's, which was 193 foot in heighth, hav- ing beat in the body of the Ch. it has been fince rebuilt ; towards which his prefent Majefty K. Geo. II. gave 1000 /. and the late E. of Orford, then Sir Rob. Walpole, 500 /. This Ch. was formerly an abbey, and af- terwards one of the largeft p.-Chs. in England. All-Saints Ch. was built on the ruins of a mon. of White- Fryars. The T.-houfe, called Tri- nity-Hal), is a noble old fabrick ; and fo is the exchange, which is of free-ftone, with two orders of co- lumns, and built at the expence of Sir John Turner. St. Nicholas cha- pel, is very aniient, and reckoned one of the faireft and largeft of the kind in England. It has a bell tower of free-ftone, and an eight- fquarc fpire over it ; both which together are 170 foot from the ground. There is a library in it, that was erected by fubfcriptien ; to which- the late Ld. Vifc. Townfhend (who took his title of Baron from this T. as did his fa- ther Horatio, fo created in 1661) the late Sir Cha. Turner, and Robt. Bri- tiffe, Efqj and the late Sir Robert Walpo!e, were confiderable benefac- tors. There is another library alfo at St. Margaret's. Here have been for- merly feveral mons. but the only fa- brick remaining here, that bel. to any religious order, is the Gray-Fryar's ftecple, a noted fea-mark. The fituation of this T. near the fall of the Oufe into the fea, after having received feveral other is. of which fome are navigable, gives -it an opportunity of extending its trade into ei^ht different Cos. by which many confiderable cities and Ts. vix Peterborough, Ely, Stamford, Bed- ford, St. Ives, Huntington; St. Neots, Northampton, Cambridge, St. Ed- mundfbury, and the N. part of Bucks, as well as the inland parts of Norfolk and Suffolk, are fupplied with heavy goods, not only of our own produce, as coals and fait from Newcaftle, but alib of merchandize imported from abroad, especially wine ; of which two arti- cles, fix, coals and wine, this is the greateft port for importation of any place on all the eaftern coaft of Eng- land ; and thofe wherein the Lynn mer- chants deal more largely than any T. in England, except London,Briflol, and Newcaftle. In return for this, Lynn receives back all the corn, which the Cos. juft mentioned produce, for ex- portation ; and therefore fends more of it abroad than any port, except Hull. The foreign trade of the mer- chants here is very confiderable, ef- pecially to Holland, Norway, and the Baltick, and alfo to Spain and Portu- gal ; and formerly they drove a good trade to France, till it was turned off, by treaties on one hand, and by pro- hibitions, high duties, &c. on the other, to Spain and Portugal. The harbour is fafe when (hips are in it, but difficult to enter, by reafon of the many flats and flioals in the pa(Tage j but they are well buoyed, and good pilots are always ready. The T. con- lifts of about 2400 houfes, and ap- pears to have been very ftrong, by the ruins of the works demolifhed in the civil wars ; which, however, are eafy to be reftored, and the T. might be made defenfible, at leaft, in a very few days. St. Ann's platform at ths N. end mounts 12 great gun?, and commands all the /hips p' ailing near the harbour ; and towards the land, befides the wall, are 9 regular baf- tions, and a ditch. Four rivulets run through the T. and the tide of the Oufe, which is about as broad lu-re as the Thames at London-Bridge, rifts 20 feet perpendicular. The T. ii fupplied with fre/h- water by conduits F f a and L Y L Y and pipes from the neighbourhood, the wild-fowl common to marftes, In the great Mt.-place a Uatue was befides the abundance of fea and river- erefled in 1686, to the honour of K. fifti ; fo that he thinks there is no James II. There is another fpaciout place in Great-Britain, if in Europe, fine Mt.-place, adorned -with a ftatue has fuch a variety in fo fmalJ a com. of K.Will. HI. and a 6necrofs, with of ground. At a fmall diftance from a dome and gallery round it fuppcrted the T. ftands that, called the Lawy's- by 16 pillars. The Mt.-houfe is of Mount, or Red-Mount, where was ftee-ftone, fupported by 16 columns, once a chapel dedicated to the Virgin and 70 foot high, erected on 4 fteps, Mary, which was a refting place for neatly adorned with ftatues, &c, pilgrims on their way towards her Every firft M. in the month, the convent at Walfingham. The K*s. mayor, aid. preachers, &c, meet to ftaith-yard,orquay,wherethegreateft hear and determine all controverfiej part of ^the imported wines is landed, amicably, for preventing law-fuits. and put into large vaults, is a hand- This was firft eftablifhed anno 1588, fome fquare, with biick buildings j ia and is called The feafl of Reconcilia- the centre whereof is a ftatue of K, tieit. The Mts. are Tu. and 5. the James J. People pafs from hence in Fairs Feb. 2, for a fortnight, and a beats into the fen country, and over cheefe-fair on Off. 6. The former the famous wafiies into Lincolnshire is called Lynn-Mart. in boats, which are often loft by veu- The adherence of this T. to K. turing out at an improper feafon, and John anl K, Henry III. as above- without guides, mentioned are not the only inftances At NORTH -LYNN, which lies at of its loyalty to its fovereigns j for, the very mouth of the Oufe open to jn the late civil wars, it held out for the fea, was a Ch. called St. Ed. K. Charles I. and fuftained a formal mond's, which was long ago entirely fiege of above 18,000 men of the fwaliowed up by it. At the S. end of parliament -army, for above three Lynn-Regis ficod an oil-mill x'ramwi weeks j but, for want of relief, was in Holland, that was brought from obliged to furrenskr, and fubmit to thence 100 years ago; but in the year the terms of paying ioj. a head for 1737 it wasconfumed by fire, every mh. and a month's pay to the OLP, which is called alfo WET- foldiers, to fave the T. from plun- LYNN, from its fituation on the W^ jfer. fide of the r. over-againft it, has a There are more gentry, and con- Ch. in that called Marfn-Land. feque.itly more gaiety in this T. than Lv N s T o c K-C* s T L E, ( Cumb. ) in Yarmouth, or even Norwich ; here on the r. Eden, N. E. of Carlifle, bel. being fuch plenty of eatable: and formerly to Sc. Mary's Priory at Car- dnr;kub!es, that Spelman fays Ceres lifie, but afterwards to the Bp's fee, and Bacchus feem to have eftabliflied as it continue* to this day. their magazines here ; the E. fide of LYTCHAM, (Norfolk,} bet. Eaft- ttieT. abounding with corn, flieep, Dereham and Caitle-Rifmg,"had for- rabbets, hares, &c. the W. fide with merly a Mt. but difufed, fmre its cheefe, butter, black cattic, fwaas, and ruin by a fire in the laft century. End of Vot. I. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. o ; v 16 ,> LD-URO JUN231975 APR 51975 .rm L9-Series 444