BOHN'S REFERENCE LIBRARY. 
 
 SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS, 
 
G. BELL AND SONS, LTD. 
 
 LONDON : rO?vTUGAL ST., KINGSWAY 
 CAMBRIDGE : DEIGHTON, BELL AND CO. 
 BOMBAY ; A. H. WHEELER AND CO. 
 
SYNONYMS 
 
 AND 
 
 ANTONYMS 
 
 OR 
 
 KINDRED WORDS AND THEIR OPPOSITES 
 
 COLLECTED AND CONTRASTED 
 
 BY 
 
 THE VENERABLE C. J. SMITH, M.A., 
 
 LATE ARCHDEACON OF JAMAICA, VICAR OF ERITH, KENT 
 
 REVISED EDITION 
 
 LONDON 
 
 G. BELL & SONS, LTD. 
 1921 
 
/C^^tLXX--<LxV,^ 
 
 
 lEeprinted from Stereotype plates.^ 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 Tiifi nature and use of this work are meaut to be rather practical 
 than scientific. 
 
 The Author has accordingly not propounded any theory ol 
 verbal analogy on the one hand, or verbal opposition on the 
 other, as the basis of his Synonyms and Antonyms; though he 
 believes that the time has arrived when both ought to bo sup- 
 plied, and the co-ordination and opposition of words reduced to 
 strict exactness and scientific lule, beyond what has hitherto 
 been indirectly recognized by Logic. 
 
 "Words which agree in expressing one or more characteristio 
 ideas in common he has regarded as Synonyms, those which 
 negative one or more such ideas he has called Antonyms. 
 
 Principles or Degrees of Similarity, and Principles or Degreoe 
 of Opposition, have not been laid down, though they have been 
 recognized in his own mind. He has rather endeavoured to 
 place himself in the position, alternately, of two opposed thinkers, 
 or debaters, so furnishing each with a short catena of Synonyms 
 to express or aid the current of his thoughts, tendering at the 
 same time to each such negatives as might be employed in the 
 opposite argument. The etymology of the words has been pre- 
 fixed, as aiding ordinary readers in the apprehension and use of 
 thein, and prominent points of us'ge have been also noticed. 
 One word of apology he feels to be duo for the employment 
 of a word which he has ventured, not to coin but to re-issue. 
 
 The word Antonym, unlike some others which have been 
 admitted into English on the plea of a practical want, is at least 
 correctly formed from the Greek, and is, indeed, a Greek word^ 
 
 If it should be said that, as a word of grammar, it would have 
 the meaning of pronoun, the answer might be that it is not here 
 
 JT O O A i:^t»>i 
 
VI Preface. 
 
 aseti as a grammatical term. The names of the grammatieal 
 parts of speech have been already made current in English 
 under Latin stamps ; and it would bo a waste of the resources 
 of our language to employ a word of Greek formation to express 
 over again what is already expressed by the Latin derivative 
 ** j)ronoun." Yet the word Antonym seems to be wanted. 
 
 The Etymology of the word dfTcouvfiia merely expresses the idea 
 ot one word used in substitution for, which in matters of verbal 
 debate, is equivalent practically to opposition to another ; a double 
 force which in addition to its analogy to Synonym, seemed to 
 render Antonym a preferable word to Counterterm, The word 
 Counterterm, however, is here suggested to those who may 
 prefer it. 
 
 It is of course true that oi/o/xa, in its strictly grammatical 
 sense means not a word, but a noun ; but for this modification 
 those are responsible who linve employed the earlier word 
 Synonym in this loose acceptation, and have agreed to call not 
 only volume and book, but also swift and rapid. Synonyms. 
 
 The cross-references sometimes connect different parts of 
 Bpeech. Tliis has been done in order to abridge the work, on 
 the assumption that inflexional derivatives needed not in all 
 cases to bo repeated. For instance, a reference to the verbs 
 " build " and " construct " would be sufficient, without any mental 
 effort, to suggest the nouns " building " and " construction." 
 
 In the Etymology the derivation of the word is often pur- 
 posely indicated rather than traced. »So the English Answer, for 
 instance, is sim.pl y collated with the German Ant wort, and the 
 Latin roots are given as common to the EngUsh form, and the 
 French form, from which the English is immediately derived. 
 
 In conclusion, phrases have been avoided, as they ai'e easily 
 framed: but a harder task has been proposed— that of noting 
 suitable and expressive words ; while the form of a Dictionary 
 has been adopted, from finding that the abstract classifications 
 of words, under certain broad ideas, according to the plan of 
 Dr. Eoget, seems invalidated by the necessity, in his well-known 
 Thesaurus, of numberless cross-divisions, and is practicallv dis- 
 regarded in Savour )f the Alphabetical Index. 
 
SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS. 
 
 A. 
 
 Aback. Sax. «, for on or in, 
 and hcEc, hack. Toward the back. 
 An adverb, but used as a pre- 
 position when followed by of. 
 
 Syn, Backwards. Rearwards. Aft, Abaft. 
 Astern. Behind, 
 
 Ajjt. Onwards. Forwards. Ahead. A- 
 front Before. Beyond. Afore. 
 
 Abaft. iSee Aback. Der. Ah, 
 for Sax. a before a vowel, and 
 ceft, after, after, i. e., later in time 
 or order. 
 
 Abalienate, v. t. See Alienate. 
 
 Abandon, v. t. Lat. a, from, 
 and hannum, or handum, a pro- 
 clamation, especially of outlawry, 
 Comp. Ban, Banns, and Banish, 
 Its primary meaning is to place 
 beyond the bounds of civil pro- 
 tection and privileges, thence of 
 favour or protection generally; 
 thence again, it has descended 
 to the simple sense of leaving, 
 the act surviving, and the mo- 
 tive being lost sight of 
 
 Syn. Leave. Forsake. Desert. Re- 
 nouiice. Relinquish, Resign. Quit. Forego. 
 Vacate. Surrender, Abjure. Repudiate. 
 
 Ant. Pursue. Prosecute. Undertake, 
 Seek, Court. Cherish. Favour. Protect. 
 Claim. Maintain. Defend. Advocate. 
 Support. Uphold. Occupy. Haunt. Re- 
 tain, Hold. Assert. Vindicate. Keep, 
 
 Abandoned, adj. See Aban- 
 don, is used in the pecuUar sense 
 of self-abandoned to wrong or 
 evil, 
 
 SvN. Profligate. Wicked. Vicious. Un- 
 principled Sinful. Graceless. Demoralized. 
 Dissoluie. Depraved. Licentious. Bad. 
 
 Ant. Virtuous. Cbnsciectiona. Dw- 
 right. Worthy, Righteous, Correct High- 
 principled. Self-con trolled. Steady. Good 
 
 Abase, v. t. A, to, and Gr. 
 ^da-is, that on which anything 
 ^aivci (foes. To bring to the 
 pedestal or floor. To bring down, 
 as worthy of disgrace. 
 
 Syn. Degrade, Disgrace, Humiliate. 
 Depress, Lower, Dishonour. Sink. 
 
 Ant. Promote. Exalt, Honour. Ele- 
 vate. Dignify. Aggrandise. Raise. 
 
 Abasement, n. See Abase. 
 
 Syn, Degradation, Depression. Disgrace, 
 Humiliation, Dishonour, Shame. 
 
 Ant. Promotion. Elevation, Exalta- 
 tion. Honour. Dignity. Aggrandisement. 
 
 Abash, v. t. Etyinologically 
 the same word as Abase, imply- 
 ing the effect of abasement on 
 the feelings, countenance, or de- 
 meanour, and therefore of a less 
 serious cast. Persons may be 
 abashed with or without guilt; 
 as by the exposure of an ojBfeucf» 
 in the one case, or excessive mo- 
 desty in the other, 
 
 Syn. Confound. Confuse. Daunt. Cow 
 Disconcert. Dishearten. Shame, Humiliate. 
 
 Ant. Countenance. Cheer. Encourage 
 Rally. Uphold. Inspirit. Animate, Em 
 bolden. Abet. Buoy, Incite. 
 
 Abashed, part. See Abash. 
 
 Abate, v. t. Fr. Abattre, to 
 heat down, — in Old English, with 
 violence; in Modern English, 
 without violence. It is used 
 more commonly as an intransi- 
 tive verb, and as transitive only 
 in a few expressions of a legal 
 character, as to abate a nuisance, 
 
Syno'A)ym& and Antonyms. 
 
 or a writ. It is common, how- 
 ever, to say, to abate a demand, 
 or an expectation. 
 
 Stn. Terminate. Remove. Suppress. 
 Lower. Reduce. Mitigate. Moderate. 
 Lessen. Subside. Decrease. Diminish. 
 
 Ant. Prolong. Continue. Revive. De- 
 velope. Increase. Aggravate. Brew. 
 Ferment. Rage. Magnify. Extend. En- 
 large. Amplify. Raise. Enhance. 
 
 Abbreviate, v. t Lat. Ad, 
 and brevis, short. See Abridge. 
 
 Stn. Shorten. Abridge, Reduce. Con- 
 tract. CurtaiL Epitomize. Condense. Com- 
 press. 
 
 Ant. Lengthen. Prolong. Extend. Pro- 
 duce. Elongate. Amplify. Enlarge. Di. 
 late. Expand. 
 
 Abbreviation. See Abbre- 
 viate. 
 
 Stn. Abridgment. Reduction. Con- 
 traction. Curtailment. Epitome. Sum- 
 mary. Abstract. Condensation. Compres- 
 sion. 
 
 Ant. Elongation. Prolongation. Ex- 
 tension. Production. Amplification. En- 
 largement Expansion. Dilatation. Ex- 
 patiation. Explication, Dilution. 
 
 Abderite, noun and adj. From 
 Abdera, a city of Thrace, the 
 birthplace of the Taughing philo- 
 sopher, Democritus. The word 
 expresses a levity of regard to- 
 ward human life and troubles. 
 
 Stn. to adj. Cynic. Sardonic. Derisive. 
 Sarcastic. Jocular. Flippant. Sportive. 
 Sprightful. Nonchalant. Buoyant. 
 
 Ant. Lachrjmiose. Querimonious. Plain- 
 tiva Maundering. Dolesome. Lacka- 
 daisical. Grumbling. Croaking. Lugubrious. 
 
 Abdicate, v. t. Lat. ahdicare. 
 To declare a thing resigned by 
 one's self, implying voluntary 
 surrender or resignation of high 
 office before the natural term of 
 its expiration. 
 
 Stn. Abandon. Relinquish. Resign. 
 Surrender. Vacate. 
 
 Ant. Retata. Maintain. Claim. Occupy. 
 AflBert. Grasp. Seize. Usurp. 
 
 Abduction, n. Lat. ah, from, 
 and ducere, to draw, or take. A 
 taking or drawing away, and 
 specifically an unlawful taking. \ 
 
 Stn. Abstraction Subtracticn. l»ep?V 
 vation. Ablation. Seizure. Rape. Ap- 
 propriation. 
 
 Ant, Addition. Adduction. Restitu- 
 tion. Restoration. Surrender. Replace- 
 ment. Reinstatement. 
 
 Aberrant, adj. Lat. aherrare. 
 Wandering from some line of 
 natural, mechanical, or proposed 
 law or movement. Metaphori- 
 cally, from continuity of thought ; 
 hence, where this is constitu- 
 tional, insane. 
 
 Stn. Erratic. Devious. Divergent. In- 
 continuous. Desultory. Disconnected. 
 Wandering. Idiotic. Inconsistent. Incon- 
 secutive, Abnormal Exceptional. 
 
 Ant. Continuous. Rectilineal. Con- 
 sistent. Uniform. Consecutive. Norma). 
 Natural. Faithful. True. Regular. 
 
 Aberration, n. See Aberrant. 
 
 Stn. Wandering. Deviation. Divergence. 
 
 Desultoriness. Disconnectedneps. Incon- 
 
 secutlveness. Rambling. Idiocy. Hallu- 
 cination. Abnormity. Exception. 
 
 Ant. Uniformity. Continuity. Conse- 
 
 cutiveness. Connectedness. Law. Order. 
 
 Type. Norm. Principle. Pioject. Line, 
 
 Tenor. Progression. Regulari^'. Recti- 
 linearity. 
 
 Abet, v. t. Der. uncert. Either 
 connected with better, to make 
 better or stronger by aid and 
 countenance, or with bait to lure 
 on into wrong. The former is 
 the more probable, because of 
 old the word was employed in a 
 favourable sense. It is now 
 used of persons and practices. 
 
 Stn. Aid. Support. Countenance. Up- 
 hold. Assist Instigate. Encourage. Ad 
 vocate. Sanction. Subsidize. Embolden. 
 
 Ant. Thwart. Contradict. Oppose. 
 Obstruct BafHe. Confound. Discotirage. 
 Disapprove. Disconcert. Counteract. Deter, 
 Dissuade. Frustrate. Impede. Denounce. 
 Expose. N.B.— Bet was a cry to dogs. 
 
 Abettor, w. See Ahet 
 
 Stn. Supporter. Instigator. Advocate. 
 Promoter. Assistant. Accomplice. Ally. 
 Adviser. Confederate. 
 
 Ant. Opponent. Counteraoter. Fo«. 
 Adversary. Detector, Baffler. Disconcerter. 
 Dissuader. Rival. Antagonist. 
 
 Abeyance, n. Fr. bayer, to gape. 
 Compare to bay as a dog, or ft 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 wild beast at bay. Abeyance is 
 a state of gaping expectation; 
 but the term has been trans- 
 ferred reflexively from the per- 
 son waiting to the thing waited 
 for. Abeyance, according to 
 usage, is suspension, with the 
 expectation or possibility of re- 
 vival. 
 
 Syn, Suspension. Reservation. Dor- 
 mancy. Intermission. Expectation. 
 
 Ant. Reviviil. Renewal. Resuscitation. 
 Action. Enjoyment, Possession. Opera- 
 tion. Exercise. Force. 
 
 Abhor, v. tr. Lat. ah, from, and 
 hoirere, to stand stiff loith dread 
 or horror. Abhorrence is that 
 kind of hatred which flows from 
 intense uncongeniality with one's 
 OAvn nature, taste, principles, or 
 preferences. 
 
 SvN. Hate. Loathe. Abominate. De- 
 test. Nauseate. Escbew. 
 
 Ant. Love. Admire. I'^njoy. Affect. 
 Desire. Approve. Relish. Covet. Grave. 
 
 Abide, v. int. Saxon, hidan, 
 implies the continuous or more 
 than momentary staying in a 
 place, as a temporary or per- 
 manent home. It is also used 
 transitively in reference to what 
 is endured or expected. 
 
 Syn. Dwell. Stay. Rest. Tarry. Lodge. 
 Reside, Live. Wait. Sojourn. Expect. 
 Endure. Tolerate. Anticipate. Conlront. 
 Await. Bear. Face. Watch. 
 
 Ant. Depart. Migrate. Move. Journey. 
 Proceed. Resist. Mislike. Avoid. Shun. 
 Forfend. Rqect. Abandon. Forfeit. 
 
 Ability, n. Lat. habeo, hahilis. 
 A natural possessiveness of 
 power, faculties, or resources in 
 one's own nature. Used also in 
 the simple sense of power, or the 
 being in a position to do a thing. 
 
 Stn. Power. Cleverness. Skill. Capa- 
 city. Talent. Expertness. 
 
 Ant. Weakness. Incapacity. Inability. 
 Imbecility. Unreadiness. Maladroitness. 
 
 Abject, adj. Lat. dbjicere, 
 abjectus. To cast off or away. 
 Social!* cast off. degraded* or 
 
 worthy of being so cast off ; vile, 
 or with no sense of independ- 
 ence, servile, mean in state. 
 
 Stn. Degraded. Outcast. Miserable. 
 Vile. Pitiable. Worthless. Despicable. 
 Contemptible. Beggarly. Servile. Cring- 
 ing. Wretched. Sordid. Squalid. Low. 
 
 Ant. Honourable. Dignified. Exalted. 
 Eminent. Esteemed. Honoured. Worthy. 
 Venerable. Noble. Princely. Illustrious. 
 Independent. Self-assertive. Self-reliant. 
 Vain. Arrogant. Insolent. Haughty. 
 
 Abjure, v. tr. Lat. ahjurare. 
 To put away, or deny with an 
 oath, or with all the earnestness 
 or solemnity of an oath. 
 
 Sy^n. Renounce. Discard. Disclaim. 
 Disown. Disavow. Repudiate. 
 
 Ant. Profess. Assert. Demand. Claim. 
 Vindicate. Cherish. Advocate. Acknow- 
 ledge. Appropriate. Retain. Hug. 
 
 Ablation. Lat. aaferre^ ahla- 
 tus, to take away. ISee Abduc- 
 tion. 
 
 Able, adj. See Ability. Used 
 of persons possessing, or tilings 
 indicating, ability, as an able 
 man, an able speech. 
 
 Syn. Strong. Powerful. Skilful. Clever. 
 Talented. Capable. Effective. Telling. 
 Ma.«terly. Nervous. Vigorous. 
 
 Ant. W^eak. InefiBcient. UnslfllfuL 
 Silly, stupid. Incapable. Ineffective. 
 
 Ablution, w. Lat. abluere^ to 
 
 wash off. 
 
 Syn. Washing. Purification. Cleansing. 
 Abstersion. Defecation. 
 
 Ant. Pollution. Soilure. Defilement. 
 Dirt. Contamination. Taint. Stain. 
 
 Abnegation, n. Lat. ahnegare^ 
 to deny strongly. It is applied 
 rather to rights and objects of 
 desire than to statements, as the 
 abnegation of self or evil desires. 
 
 Syn. Denial. Renunciation. Abjuration. 
 Abstinence. Stint. Disallowance. 
 
 Ant. Assertion. Vindication. Claim. 
 Indulgence. Concession. Licence 
 
 Abnormal, adj. Ah and nr/i-ma. 
 a type, lau\ or rule. 
 
 Stn. Irregular. Unusual. Exceptional, 
 Monstrous. Aberrant. Devious. Di« 
 vergeut. Eccentric Erratic. 
 
 Ant. TypicaL Normal. Regular. Usual 
 Ordinary. NaturaL Customary. Illustrativs. 
 B 2 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 Ab.ard, aiv. Nautical — on 
 boaj'd ship. 
 
 SvN. A Scat. 
 ANT. Ashore, 
 
 Abode, n. See Abide. 
 
 Syn. Home. Stay. Residence. Domicile. 
 Habitation. Berth. With the idea of per- 
 manence. 
 
 Ant. With the idea of transience. Halt. 
 Perch. Tent. Bivouac. Caravansary. 
 
 Abolish, v. t. Der. Fr. aholir, 
 or Lat. aholescere, to grow out, or 
 die out ; the verb in English 
 having taken the transitive sense 
 of destroy. 
 
 SvN. Destroy. Eradicate. Obliterate. 
 Kxtirpate. Abrogate. Annul. Repeal. 
 Revoke. Cancel. Annihilate. Expunge. 
 
 Ant. Support. Sustain. Cherish. Pro- 
 mote. Continue. Confirm. Restore. Re- 
 fair. Revive. Reinstate. Enact. Re-enact, 
 nstitute. 
 
 Abominable, adf. Ah and 
 ome')i. To be rejected as a foul 
 thing of evil omen. 
 
 Syn, Foul. Detestable. Hateful. Hor- 
 rible. Loathsome. Execrable. Nauseous. 
 Impure. 
 
 AxT. Delectable. Desirable. Admirable. 
 Enjoyable. Loveable. Charming. De- 
 lightful. Grateful. Pure. 
 
 Abominate, v. tr. See Abo- 
 minable and Abhor. 
 
 Abomination, n. See Abomin- 
 able. Is used both for the feel- 
 ing and the object of abomina- 
 tion. 
 
 Syn. Hatred. Loathing. Detestation. 
 Abhorrence. Nuisance. Evil. Annoy- 
 ance. Curse. Infliction. Plague. 
 
 Ant. Love. Affection. De3ire. Long- 
 EnlojTnent. Acquisition. Benefit. 
 Gratmcation. Treat. Blessing. Delight 
 
 Aboriginal, ah origine, from 
 the first, or origin. 
 
 Syn. Primeval. Primordial. Indigea- 
 ous. Autochthonic. Native. Immemorial. 
 
 Ant. Subsequent. Adventitious. Im- 
 ported. Exotic. Immigrant. Recent. Mo- 
 dern. Late. Upstart NoveL Fresh. 
 
 Abortion, n. Lat. ahoriri, 
 abortus. That which from the 
 beginning misses the purpose or 
 law of its nature or biiih. 
 
 Syn. Miscarriage. Failure. Misadveu 
 
 ture. Downfall. Mishap. Defeat l-Vn* 
 tration. Misproduction. Blunder. Mess. 
 Ant. Success. Consummation. Comple- 
 tion. Achievement Realization. Perfec- 
 tion. Exploit. Feat Development 
 
 Abound, v. int. Lat. ahundare, 
 unda, a wave. 
 
 Syn. Stream. Flow. Swell. Increase. 
 Oveiflow. Superabouud. Teem. Swarm. 
 Luxuriate. Flourish. Wanton. ReveL 
 Multiply. 
 
 Ant. Fail. Waste. Dry. I^ck. Eva- 
 porate. Wane, Drain. Die. Decay. Vanish. 
 Lessen, Decrease. 
 
 About, prep, and adv., the 
 latter more correctly Abouts. On 
 or near the outside or limits of 
 a thing; and so approximating 
 rather than exact. a,s. dbutan, 
 
 Syn. Near. Nearly. Touching. Con- 
 cerning, Surrounding. Approximately, 
 Roughly. Generally. 
 
 Ant. Afar. Away. A way or afar from. 
 Precisely. Exactly 
 
 Above, prep, and adv. On the 
 over or upper side. Metaphori- 
 cally, in excess of, or superior 
 to. 
 
 Syn. Over. Beyond." Exceeding. 
 Ant. Below. Within. Beneath. 
 
 Abreast, adv. At the breast. 
 Used with the prep, of, nautical. 
 
 Syn. Beside. Alongside. 
 Ant. Ahead. Astern. 
 
 Abridge, v. tr. See Abbre- 
 viate. It is the same word as 
 Abbreviate ; but, instead of com- 
 ing directly from the Latin, has 
 come to us through the French 
 ahreger. 
 
 Abridgement, w. See Abridge. 
 In addition to the sense of abbre- 
 viation generally, it has the tech- 
 nical meaning of a literary ab- 
 breviation in particulai-. 
 
 Syn. Abstract. Synopsis. Epitome. 
 Compendium. Analysis. 
 
 Ant. The opposite process, or its result 
 Amplification. Expatiation. Disquisitioa 
 Expansion. Dilution. Comment. Annota- 
 tion. Exposition. Paraphrase. 
 
 AbroajCH, adv. A for at, oit 
 relatively, to, and hroccus^ a peg 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 or spigot. Used metaphorically 
 of that which has escaped where 
 it ought to have been confined. 
 
 Syn. Ailow. Afloat. Abroad. Revealed. 
 Ant. Close. Fast. Tight. Secret, lle- 
 ■•rved. 
 
 Abeoad, adv. On the broad. 
 Used sometimes metaphorically 
 of state of mind. 
 
 Stn. Far. Away. Apart. Aloof. Adrift. 
 About. Dispersed. Distracted. Confused. 
 
 Amt. Near. Close. Housed. Fast. Col- 
 lected. 
 
 Abrogate, v. tr. As rogare 
 was to ask the sanction of the 
 citizens of ancient Eome to the 
 passing of a law, so the contrary 
 process was expressed by ah- 
 rogare. 
 
 Syn. Cancel. Abolish. Annul. Repeal. 
 Expunge. 
 
 Ant. Enact. Re-enact. Confirm. En- 
 force. Continue. Revive. 
 
 Abrogation, n. See Abrogate. 
 
 Syn. Abolition. Repeal. Discontinuance. 
 Dls-establishment. 
 
 Ant. Institution. Establishment. En- 
 actment. Confirmation. Continuance. Sanc- 
 tion. 
 
 Abrupt, arJj. liat. ahrumpere, 
 abruptus. To break oflf, either 
 physically, as an abrupt preci- 
 pice, or metaphorically, as an 
 abrupt departure. 
 
 Syn. Sudden. Steep, rrecipitous. Curt. 
 Blunt. Unceremonious. Rugged. Rough. 
 
 Ant. Undulating. Easy. Smooth. Glid- 
 ing. Blending. Courteous. Polished. 
 
 Abscond, v. int. Lat. abs and 
 condere, to hide. The term is 
 borrowed from the habits of 
 some animals, and is commonly 
 used to imply shame or fear of 
 detection. 
 
 Syn. Decamp. Disappear, Bolt. Hide. 
 Withdraw. Retreat. 
 
 Ant. Show. Emerge. Appear. 
 
 Absence, n. Lat. absent ia. 
 Physically, the being at a dis- 
 tance from a particular spot, or, 
 mentally, iuattention to a pro- 
 posed subject or transaction. 
 
 Also, in the most abstract sense, 
 the non-presence of something, 
 as the absence of a quality in a 
 disposition. 
 
 Syn. Want. Departure. Non-existence. 
 Failure. Separation. Lack. Non-appear- 
 ance. Inattention. Distraction. 
 
 Ant. Presence. Supply. Existence. 
 Appearance. Manifestation. Evidence. Im« 
 manence. Inherency. AttentJQn. Con- 
 sideration. 
 
 Absolute, adj. Lat. ahsduttcs, 
 part. pass, of absolvere, to loosen. 
 The root idea of the word is that 
 of freedom from some bond or 
 control ; and the meaning of the 
 word varies according to the na- 
 ture of the bond implied, as free- 
 dom from defect, physical con- 
 ditions, stipulations, ideal asso- 
 ciations, political resti-aint, un- 
 certainty, or doubt. 
 
 Syn. Perfect. Complete. Unconditional. 
 Unconditioned. Irrelative. Irrespective. 
 Supreme. Despotic Autocratic. Irrespon- 
 sible. Certain. 
 
 Ant. Imperfect. Incomplete. Condi- 
 tional. Conditioned. Contingent Relative. 
 Dependent. Constitutional. Accountable. 
 Responsible. Dubious. 
 
 Absolve, v. tr. Lat. absolvere. 
 To loose or acquit from the im- 
 putation or penalty of wrong, or 
 from obhgation implied or in- 
 curred. 
 
 Syn. Acquit. Release. Liberate. Ex. 
 empt. Discharge. Pardon. Forgive. Free, 
 
 Ant. Charge. Accuse. Bind. Compel 
 Oblige. Convict. Condemn. Inculpate. 
 Impeach. 
 
 Absonant, adj. Ab,from, and 
 sonare, to sound. When the in- 
 tention is physically discordant, 
 the form adopted should be ab- 
 sonous, absonant being reserved 
 for that which is morally con- 
 trariant. 
 
 SvN. Dissonant Discordant Contran- 
 ant. Repugnant. Inconsonant. Inhar- 
 monious. Incompatible. Inappropriate. 
 Impertinent. 
 
 • Ant. Consonant Agreeable. Consistent 
 Harmonious. Compatible. Congruous 
 Suitable. Appropriate. Pertinent. Proper 
 
6 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Absorb, v. tr, Lat. absorhere, 
 to suck up. Used physically and 
 metaphorically, as, to absorb the 
 time or attention. 
 
 8tn, 8.* allow. Drown. Imbibe. Engross. 
 EnRulf. Consume. Monopolize Exhaust. 
 
 Ant. l^ect Emit. Exude. Disgorge. 
 Dissipate. Distract. Distil. J)isperse. 
 
 Abstain, v. int. Abs and 
 tenere. To hold off from. 
 
 Syn. Refrain. Forbear. Refuse. Demur. 
 Scruple. Withhold. 
 
 Ant. Indulge. Exceed. Revel. Wanton. 
 
 Abstemious, adj. Abs and 
 temetum^ strong mixed drink. 
 Temperate in diet generally. 
 
 Syn. Abstinent. Temperate. Sp.aring. 
 Frugal. 
 
 Ant. Sensual. Self-indulgent. Glutton- 
 ous. Greedy. Intemperate. 
 
 Absterge, v. tr. Lat. abs and 
 tergere, to wipe. 
 
 Stn. Wipe. Cleanse. Purify. Spunge. 
 Scour. Scrub. Purify. 
 
 Ant. Foul. Bespatter. Contaminate. 
 Bedaub. Soil. Pollute. Begrime. 
 
 Abstersive, adj. Having the 
 property of absterging. 
 
 Syn. Scouring. Detergent. Cathartic. 
 Purifying. 
 
 Ant. Contaminative. Corruptive. Of- 
 fensive. 
 
 Abstinent, ad{). See Abstain. 
 
 Syn. Continent. Temperate. Absteml* 
 ons. Sober. Self'^ienying. Austere. 
 
 Ant. Self-indulgent. Sensual. Intem- 
 perate. Epicurean. Dissipated. Debauched, 
 incontinent 
 
 Abstract, v. tr. AbstraJiere, to 
 draw or take of. Often with the 
 idea of furtiveness. 
 
 Syn. Separate. Remove. Part. Ap- 
 propriate. Purloin. Thieve. Steal. 
 
 Ant. Add. Unite. Conjoin. Adduce. 
 Impose. Restore. Surrender. Return. 
 
 Abstraction, n. See Abstract. 
 Has, in addition to the above 
 senses of Abstract, the logical 
 sense of separating those points 
 on which individuals differ, and 
 contemplating those on which 
 they agree, lor the purpose of 
 forming a common noun or class ; 
 
 also that of mental abstraction 
 from surrounding objects. 
 
 Syn. Separation, ilemoval. Appropria- 
 tion. Purloining. Generalization. Classi- 
 ticatiou. Reverie. Absorption. Absence. 
 Inattention. 
 
 Ant. Addition. Union. Conjunction. 
 Adduction. Importation. Restoration. Re- 
 stitution. Individualization. Enumeration. 
 Analysis. Speciflcalion. Observation. At- 
 tention. 
 
 Abstracted. See Abstract 
 and Abstraction. 
 
 Abstruse, adj. Abstrudere. To 
 thrust away, as it were, into the 
 dark, away from common light 
 and understanding. 
 
 SvN. Hidden. Recondite. Curious. Ob- 
 scure. Mystical. Occult. Hard. Dark. 
 
 Antj. J'atent. Popular. Superficial. 
 Simple. Obvious. Trite. Intelligible. 
 Plain. Easy. Manifest. Lucid. Clear. 
 
 Absurd, adj. Ab and surdus, 
 deaf or dissonant. Taken meta- 
 phorically, it expresses that 
 which is out of tune with truth, 
 or discordant from the proprie- 
 ties of things. It is applied to 
 persons and character. 
 
 SvN. Irrational. Ridiculous. Monstrous. 
 Preposterous. Silly. Nonsensical. Foolish. 
 
 Akt. Sensible. Rational. Reasonable. 
 Consistent. Sound. Substantial. Wise. Sa- 
 gacious. Reflective. Philosophical. Logical. 
 
 Abundance, n. Abundantia. 
 Unda, a wave. A copious sup- 
 ply- 
 
 Syn. Plenty. Copiousness. Largeness. 
 Ampleness. Profusion. Luxuriance. Wealth. 
 
 Ant. Rarity. Scarcity. Paucity. Scan- 
 tiness. Dearth. Deficiency. Failure. Poverty. 
 
 Abundant, adj. See Abund- 
 ance. 
 
 Syn. Plentiful. Plenteous. Copious. 
 Large. Ample. Overflowing. Teeming. 
 Profuse. Liberal. Bountiful. Rich. 
 
 Ant. Rare. Scarce. Scant. Short. De- 
 ficient. Insufiicient. Niggardly. Sparing. 
 Dry. Drained. Exhausted. Impoverished. 
 
 Abuse, v. tr. To use a person 
 or thing in any manner away 
 from the rule or line of right. It 
 has the restricted sense of verbal 
 
Synonyms and Anionyms, 
 
 8tN. Injure. )ttmage. Spoil. Maltreat. 
 Itflsuse. Misemploy. Vilify. Vituperate. 
 
 Ant. Tend. Protect, Conserve. Re- 
 ipect. Eegard. Consider. Shield. Cherish. 
 Laud. Praise. Panegyrize. Vindicate. 
 Extol. 
 
 Abut, v. int. French hout, evd 
 or covfine. To project in a solid 
 mass "upon another object, or a 
 certain point without actual con- 
 tact. 
 
 Syn. Extend. Project. Impinge. Ap- 
 proximate. 
 
 Ant. Recurve. Retreat. Return. Re- 
 cede. Diverge. 
 
 Abyss, n. Gr. a, not, and jSvo-o-oy, 
 depth. A bottomless pit. 
 
 Stn. Gulf. Profound. Deep. Pit. 
 Chasm. Depth. 
 
 Ant. Surface. Depression. Cavity. In- 
 dentation. 
 
 Academical, adj. The grove 
 of Academus, the resort of Plato, 
 whence Academy, as applied to 
 seats of learning. 
 
 Syn. Collegiate. Learned. Classical. 
 Ant. Illiterate. UncoUegiate. 
 
 Accede, v. int. Accedere, to 
 come to. The word is by usage 
 restricted to the coming over to 
 a view or a proposal. It is fol- 
 lowed by the prep. to. 
 
 Syn. Assent. Comply. Acquiesce. Ac- 
 cept. 
 
 Ant. Dissent. Decline. Withdraw, Re- 
 fuse. Protest. Demur. 
 
 Accession, has the ordinary 
 sense of arrival or addition, with 
 the peculiar sense of arrival at 
 power or office. 
 
 Syn. Arrival. Addition, Increase. In- 
 flux. Augmentation. 
 
 Ant. Departure. Abandonment. Re- 
 signation. Retirement. Diminution. De- 
 crease. Efiaux. Ebb. Drain. Subsidence. 
 
 Accelerate, v. tr. Ad and 
 celer, quick. To quicken the 
 speed or process of events, ob- 
 jects, or transactions. 
 
 Syn. Quicken. Hasten. Urge. Speed. 
 Expedite. Promote. Despatch. Facilitate. 
 
 Ant. Delay. Obstruct. Impede. Re- 
 tard. Clog. Hmder. Drag. Shackle, 
 
 Accent, n. Acaeniu^, from ad 
 and canere, to sing. A peculiar 
 emphasis or beat upon a syllable. 
 Also a peculiar mode of pronun- 
 ciation, as a provincial accent. 
 Accents in the plural is a some- 
 what poetical expression for 
 speech or language. 
 
 Syn. stress. Beat. Rhythm. Emphasis. 
 Pulsation. 
 
 Ant. Smoothness. Inaccentuation. Mono- 
 tony. Equableness. Babble. Flow. 
 
 Accept, v. tr. Acceptare, from 
 accipere, to take. The word ex- 
 presses more than receive, im- 
 plying a reception with a will 
 to receive. 
 
 Syn. Welcome. Hail. Admit. Recog- 
 nise. Avow. Acknowledge. 
 
 Ant. Refuse. Decline, ll^ect. Disown. 
 Disavow. Ignore. Repudiate. 
 
 Acceptable, adj. See Accept. 
 
 Syn. Grateful. Welcome. I'leasant. 
 Agreeable. 
 
 Ant. Upsrrateful. Unwelcome, Un- 
 pleasant. DitiHgreeable, 
 
 Access, v. n. See Accede. Ap- 
 proach, or way of approach. 
 
 Syn. Approach. Adit. Entrance. Ave- 
 nue. Admittance. 
 
 Ant. Exit. Egress. Departure. Ex 
 elusion. Repulse. 
 
 Accessible, adj. See Accede 
 Used of demeanour. 
 
 Syn. Affable. Easy. Approachable 
 Conversible. 
 
 Ant. Distant. Cold. Difficult. Unap- 
 proachable. 
 
 Accessory or Accessary, adj. 
 See Accede. 
 
 Syn. Additive. Additional Auxiliary. 
 Supplementary. Conducive. Assistant. 
 
 Ant. Essential. Inherent Immanent 
 Incorporate. Superfluous. Irrelevant. JVlal 
 apropos. Obstructive. Cumbersome. 
 
 Accident, n. Accidere, to fall 
 or befal. Used in the technical 
 sense of that which is attached 
 to a thing without being essen- 
 tial to it, in which sense it is 
 nearly synonymous with con- 
 dition or concomitant. 
 
 Stn. Chance. Fortuity. Casualty i ad, 
 
Synonyrm and Antonyms. 
 
 If of evil, Dlaaster. Calamity. Mishap. 
 Misadventure. 
 
 Ant. Law. Purpose. Appointment 
 Onlalnment Provision. Preparation, 
 
 Acclamation, n. Ad and 
 clamare, to call out. A calling 
 out in favour. Vivid and unani- 
 mous approval of persons or 
 things. 
 
 Syn. Applaase. Homage. Gratulatlon. 
 Salutation. Plaudit Hosannah. Cheer. 
 
 Ant. Obloquy. Censure. Execration. 
 Contumely. Outcry. Sibilatlon. Denun- 
 ciation. 
 
 Acclivity, n. AccUvis, steep. 
 The acclivity and the declivity 
 are the same things looked at 
 fi-om different points of view. 
 
 Syn. Ascent. 
 
 Ant. Declivity. Descent 
 
 Accommodate, v. tr. Con, to- 
 gether, and modus, a limit. To 
 accommodate is to make the 
 limits of a man's circumstances 
 commensurate with his require- 
 ments; and so to oblige in any 
 way, as by money, shelter, suffi- 
 cient space, &c. It is also used 
 in the rude sense of adapting one 
 thing to another. 
 
 Syn. Convenience. Oblige. Adapt 
 Supply. Reconcile. Harmonize. Fit 
 
 Akt. Inconvenience. Disoblige. Misfit 
 iDCommode. Disturb. Deprive. Aggravate. 
 
 Accommodating, adj. See Ac- 
 commodate. 
 
 Syn. Kind. Obliging. Unselfish. Polite. 
 Considerate. Yielding. Conciliatory. 
 
 Ant. Disobliging. Selfish; Churlish. 
 Rude. rmperious. Dictatorial Incon- 
 siderate. Exacting. Unaccommodating. 
 
 Accompany, v. tr. Der. un- 
 cert. Either con and paiiis, bread ; 
 so that a companion would be, in 
 the first instance, a mess-mate ; 
 or compago-aginis, a fastening, 
 one fastened with a tie of friend- 
 k^'hip or association. 
 
 Syn. Follow. Consort Attend. Join. 
 Oo-exist Escort. Convoy. 
 
 Ant. Desert Abandon. Leave. Avoid. 
 ik±ew. Quit Discard. 
 
 Accomplice, n. Ad, con, pUea^ 
 a fold. One who is folded up 
 with another in the circumstances 
 and responsibilities of his con- 
 duct. See Abettor. 
 
 Accomplish, v. tr. Ad and 
 complere, to fill up. To bring to 
 an issue of full success. To fill 
 up an act to the measure of its 
 intention. 
 
 Syn. Execute. Perform. Fulfil. Con- 
 summate. Achieve. Finish. Complete. 
 
 Ant. Fail of. Frustrate. Defeat Dis- 
 concert Destroy. BaGBfr. Mar. Spoil. 
 
 Accord, v. tr. and int. Ad 
 and cor, cordis, the heart. Has the 
 double sense of agreeing and 
 granting as it were with the 
 whole heart. 
 
 Syn. Agree. Consent Harmonize. Tally. 
 Answer. Comport Consist. Conform. 
 Grant Concede. Allow. Surrender. 
 
 Ant. Disagree. Differ. Misfit Miscom- 
 port. Misconform. "Withhold. Refuse. Deny. 
 
 Accost, v. tr. Ad costam 
 venire, to come to the side, for the 
 presumed purpose of addressing 
 another. Hence, to address in & 
 friendly way, or otherwise. 
 
 Syn. Address. Salute. Hail. Greet 
 Stop. Apostrophize. 
 
 Ant. Shun. Avoid. Elude. Pass. Ignore. 
 
 Accountable, adj. Lat. com- 
 putare, to reckon. Liable to be 
 called to a reckoning. 
 
 Syn. Responsible. Amenable. Liable 
 Answerable. Accredited. Delegated. Sub- 
 ordinate. 
 
 Ant. Autocratic. Independent. Abso- 
 lute. Supreme. Irresponsible. Despotic. 
 
 Accredit, v. tr. Ad and cre- 
 dita.re, from credere. Has the 
 twofold meaning of, 1, to place 
 trust in, and, 2, to confer trust 
 upon another, as, to accredit a 
 statement, and an ambassador. 
 
 Syn. Believe. Trust. Entrust. Del©, 
 gate. Depute. Commission. Authorize. 
 
 Ant. Disbelieve. Distrust. Suspect 
 Recall. Supersede. Discard. Dismiss. 
 
 Accumulate, v. tr. and int» 
 Lat. ad and cumulus, a heap. 
 
Synonyms and AnfonifTns. 
 
 Sra. Collert Grow. Mass. Heap. 
 Store. Garner. Gather. Hoard. Husband. 
 Augment. Increase. Amass. 
 
 ANT. Dissipate. Disperse. Diminish. 
 Scatter. Expend. Waste. 
 
 Accuracy, n. The synonyms 
 may be formed as nouns from 
 the succeeding word. 
 
 Accurate, adf. Ad and cura, 
 care. Is said of a disposition or 
 a production which shows an 
 exact conformity to some stand- 
 ard of requirement, the result of 
 care and pains. 
 
 Stn. Careful. Exact. Faithful. Pre- 
 cise. Correct. Close. Truthful. Strict. 
 
 Ant. Careless. Inexact. Faulty. la- 
 correct Inaccurate. Loose. Defective. 
 
 AccuRSE. See Curse. 
 
 Accuse, v. tr. Ad and causa. 
 To bring to a legal trial. To 
 charge ; and, thence, to bring an 
 imputation generally against an- 
 other. 
 
 Stn. Charge. Incriminate. Impeach. 
 Arraign. Tax. Taunt. Cite. Summon. 
 
 Ant. Defend. Vindicate. Discharge. 
 Acquit. Absolve. Condone. Pardon. Re- 
 lease. Exonerate. 
 
 Accustom, v. tr. ^c? and can^ 
 suetiido, way of living. 
 
 Stn. Habituate. Inure. Familiarize 
 Train. Reconcile. 
 
 Ant. Disaccustom. Dishabituate. Wean 
 Estrange. Alienate. 
 
 Ace, n. Lat. as assis, a pound 
 A standard of unity. 
 
 Syn. Unit. Atom. Point. Tittle. Jot 
 Item. 
 
 Ant. Numbers. Quantity. Bulk. Mass 
 Collection. Aggregate. Total. Sum. 
 
 Acerbity, n. Acerbus, harsh 
 as the flavour of unripe fruit 
 Used also metaphorically of the 
 disposition. 
 
 Stn. Harshness. Acridity. Tartness. 
 Sourness. Roughness. Acidity. Bitter- 
 ness. Acrimony. 
 
 Ant. Sweetness. Mildness. Mellowness. 
 Boftneaa. Gentleness. Amlableness. 
 
 Achievement, n. Fr. achever, 
 chef; Lat. cajout, a head. A deed 
 
 brought to a head or illustrious 
 termination. See Abortion. 
 
 AciCULAR, adf. Acus, aciculus, 
 a needle. Needle-pointed. 
 
 Stn. Spinous. Prickly. Thorny. Sharp* 
 pointed. Bristly. Sagittate. Hastate. 
 Ant. Obtuse. Blunt Abrupt Bluff. 
 
 Acid, adj. Actdus. 
 
 Syn. Sharp. Acidulous. Acetose. Vine* 
 garish. 
 
 Ant. Mellow. Luscious. Mealy. Rich. 
 
 Acknowledge, v. tr. Agnos- 
 cere. To make matter of pubho 
 knowledge in relation to one's 
 self, or openly to identify one's 
 self with it. 
 
 Stn. Avow. Admit Recognize. Own. 
 Accept Confess. Profess. Endorse. 
 , Ant. Disavow. Disclaim. Disown. Re- 
 pudiate. Ignore. Deny. 
 
 Acme, n. Gr. a/c/x?), a point, or 
 fop. 
 
 Stn. Summit Apex. Zenith. Pitch. 
 Culmination. Meridian. Climax. 
 
 Ant. Base. Floor. Ground. Nadir. 
 Depth. Depression. Foundation. Foot 
 Root 
 
 Acquaint, v. tr. Fr. accointer, 
 from the Lat. accognitare, from 
 cognitus, to make known. 
 
 Syn. Advertise. Inform, Tell. Teach. 
 Notify. Apprize. Advise. 
 
 Ant. Misinform. Deceive. Delude. 
 Mislead. Misguide. Hoodwink. 
 
 Acquaintance, n. See Ac- 
 quaint. 
 
 Syn. Knowledge. Familiarity. Experi- 
 ence. 
 
 Ant. Ignorance. Unfamlliarlty. Inex- 
 perience, it has also the colloquial meaning 
 of a person with whom one is acquainted. 
 
 Acquiesce, v. int. Ad and 
 quies, rest. To rest quiet, if not 
 contented, with ai'rangements, 
 statements, and the like. 
 
 Stn. Assent. Repose. Concur. 
 Ant. Dissent Demur. Object 
 
 Acquire, v. tr. Acqnirere. To 
 procure generally, with an im- 
 plied effort in some degree. 
 
 Syn. Gain. Earn. Procure. Obtaia 
 Ant. Lose. Forfeit Surrender. F<wc» 
 go. Miss. 
 
10 
 
 Synonyms and AnionymB. 
 
 AoQtJiRtMKNT, n. See Acquire. 
 
 Stk. Knowledgfe. Attainment. Aocom- 
 pUsbment Learning. Enidilion. 
 
 Ant. Intuition. Inspiration. Genius. 
 
 Acquisition, n. See Acquire. 
 Beside the meaning of the act 
 and process of acquiring, it has 
 also that of the thing acquired, 
 with an implied value in it. 
 
 SvN, Gain. Boon. Accession. Benefit. 
 Blessing. Advantage. Profit 
 
 Ant. Burden. Infliction. Loss. Draw- 
 baclc. Disadvantage. Incubus. Blemish. 
 
 Acquit, v. tr. Ad and quies. 
 Comp. Quit, to leave a place 
 quiet, and Quittance, a legal re- 
 Jease, for the quiet of the debtor's 
 mind. (The word is used in a 
 reflexive way, to acquit one's 
 self, to behave.) 
 
 Stn. Absolve. Discharge. Exonerate. 
 Exculpate. Release. Dismiss. Liberate. 
 
 Ant. Charge. Accuse, Impeach. Con- 
 strain. Implicate, Bind, Compel, Oblige. 
 Condemn, Sentence. 
 
 Acquittance, n. See Acquit. 
 
 Syn, Release. Discharge, Rec-eipt, 
 Ant Bond. Claim, Charge, Obligation. 
 
 AcRiD, adj. Lat. acer. Harsh. 
 
 Syn, Harsh. Sour. 
 
 Ant. Mellow, Sweet Luscious. 
 
 Acrimony, n. See Acrid. 
 Spoken of manners and dispo- 
 sition. 
 
 Syn. Sharpness. Bitterness. Sourness. 
 Ill-feeling. A.sperity. Animosity. Hostility, 
 
 Ant. Smoothness. Courtesy. Mildness. 
 Blandness. rieasantness. Friendship, 
 Amiability, 
 
 Across, adv. and^rep. Cross- 
 wise. 
 
 Syn. Transversely. Athwart Against 
 Transverseness to a line of movement be- 
 comes opposition. 
 
 Ant. Leni 
 Parallel 
 
 gthwise. Along. Concurrently. 
 
 Act, n. Aget-e, actum. A thing 
 done. 
 
 Syn. Deed. Performance, Action. 
 
 In Act, the thing done is re- 
 garded in its separation and 
 finality, action, to speak gene- 
 rally, being the process of which 
 
 act is the completion. Its mul* 
 tiplicity of bearings flows from 
 the simplicity of its meaning, a 
 ' thing done,' which is variously 
 applicabie, A thing done physi- 
 cally is the simplest act; the 
 continuance or repetition of 
 physical acts makes physical ac- 
 tion, as, the ' action of a horse.' 
 Acts of the state, as such, are 
 laws ; hence, acts of parliament. 
 The word Act has certain tech- 
 nical or local meanings, which 
 need only to be mentioned, such 
 as, a literary exercise, of univer- 
 sities, a term of study. A divi- 
 sion of a play. Action, in addi- 
 tion to the above, has the sense 
 of a moral act, which is made up 
 of minor acts (act and operation, 
 not action, are used of the mind) 
 and is, l;ie mechanical action, 
 made up of minor movements or 
 acts; thus, reconcile differences 
 between two friends is a good 
 action. It is plain, however, that 
 it involves many minor acts sub- 
 ordinate to the general intention. 
 The word action has acquired 
 more than one technical applica- 
 tion. Thus, with the mechani- 
 cian, action is complex mechani- 
 cal movement ; with the lawyer, 
 legal proceeding; with the sol- 
 dier, military engagement on a 
 field of battle; while, with the 
 player, act, action, and actor, are 
 theatrical terms. 
 
 Syn. to Action, Movement Pi-oceedlng. 
 Exercise. Operation. Performance. Play. 
 
 Ant. Inaction. Rest Repose. Cessa- 
 tion. Suspension. Quiet Immobility, In- 
 ertia. Quiescence. 
 
 Activity, n. Is the faculty of, 
 and tendency to, action. When 
 purely physical it is termed 
 Agility. 
 
 Syn. Agility Quickness. Energy 
 Briskness. 
 
Synonyms and Anionyim. 
 
 11 
 
 kxt. lAacti7ity. Slqwness. Awkward- 
 dC8s. Sloth. Clumsiness. Indolence. 
 Heaviness. Sluggishness. Lassitude. 
 
 Active, adj. See above. 
 Actual, adj. Fr. actuel, actual is. 
 
 Syn. Developed. Positive. Demon- 
 strable, Certain. Real. 
 
 Ant. Potential. Undeveloped. Hypo- 
 thetical. Suppositious. Possible. Virtual. 
 Theoretical. Fabulous. Fictitious. Unreal. 
 
 Actual implies the being 
 brought into form, shape, or 
 reality, as distinguished from 
 being only mentally conceived, 
 or falsely imagined. 
 
 Actually, adv. See above. 
 
 Actuate, V. ^r. Same root. To 
 induce to act. 
 
 Syn. Urge. Instigate. Induce. Incline. 
 Dispose. Impel. Incite. Prompt. Drive. 
 
 Ant. Deter. Discourage. Retard. Hin- 
 der. Prevent. Inhibit. Impede. Dis- 
 suade. 
 
 Acuity, n. Acus, a needle. 
 Stn. Pointedness. Aculeation. Acu- 
 mination. 
 
 Ant. Blnntness. Hebetude. Obtuseness. 
 
 AcuLEATED, adj. Aculeus, a 
 sting. 
 
 Syn. Armed. Spinous. Acuminated. 
 Punctuous. 
 
 Ant. Unarmed; Blunt. Obtuse. Point- 
 less. Siingless. 
 
 Acumen, n. Latin word. 
 
 Stn. Point. Penetrativeness. Sharpness. 
 Discernment. Talent, Sagacity. 
 
 Ant. Bluntness. Obtuseness. Stupidity. 
 Hebetude. Dulness. Indiscernment. 
 
 Acute, adj. Acutus. Same root. 
 [Jsed literally and metaphorically 
 both of persons and of sensations. 
 
 Syn. Sharp. Pointed. Penetrating. Sa- 
 gacious. Severe. Distressing. 
 
 Ant. Dull. Blunt. Obtuse. Stupid. 
 Stolid. Undiscerning. Heavy. Chronic. 
 
 Acutely, adv. See above. 
 
 Adage, n. Adigere, ago, to 
 hring to a head or a point. A sen- 
 tence or saying which brings a 
 matter to a point, and condenses 
 it in a telling form. 
 
 Stn. Maxim. Proverb. Dictum. 
 AST. Discourse. Harangue. Disquisi- 
 
 Adapt, Adaptation, Adapted. 
 
 Adaptare, to fit, aptus, fit To 
 make one thing or idea fit to an- 
 other. 
 
 SvN. V. Fit, Adjust Accommodate 
 Suit, Conform. Admeasure. Harmonize, 
 Attune. 
 
 n. Accommodation. Adjustment, Ad* 
 measurement. Conformity. Coincidence. 
 
 adj. Suited. Fitted. Adjusted. Accom- 
 modated. Competent. Convenient. 
 
 Ant. to Adaptation. Inconformity. In- 
 congruity. Incompatibiliry. Disharmony. 
 Misfit. Malformation. Mismeasurement. 
 
 To Adapt, Misfit Misconform. Mis- 
 apply. 
 
 To Adapted. Unsuited. Unfitted. Un- 
 qualified. Unadapted. Inconvenient. 
 
 Add, v. tr, Adda, ad and dure, 
 to give. 
 
 Syn, Adduce. Adjoin. Annex. 
 
 Ant. Deduct Subtract. Dissever. Ab- 
 stract 
 
 Addendum, n. From addere. 
 Something to be added, as ne- 
 cessary or advantageous. 
 
 Syn. Acquisition. Improvement. Sup-, 
 plement Complement Desideratum. Con- 
 comitant Annexation. Appendage. 
 
 Ant. Surplusage. Detriment. Deterio- 
 ration. Detraction. Drawback. 
 
 Addicted, adj. Addicere, to 
 enrol as a follower. 
 
 Syn. Given. Accustomed. Prone. In- 
 clined. Disposed. Habituated. 
 
 Ant. Unaddicted. Unaccustomed. Dis- 
 inclined. Indisposed. Averse. Free, 
 
 Additament, n. A formal ad- 
 dition. From the same root as 
 addendum. 
 
 Syn, Adjunct. Annexation. Supple- 
 ment, Addition. Acquisition. Increase 
 Augmentation. Accession. Supplement. 
 
 Ant. Deduction. Detraction. DraW' 
 back. Decrement Deterioration. 
 
 Addition, n. See above. 
 
 Address, v. It. addrizzare, ad 
 and dirigere. To move in the 
 straight line towards another. 
 To direct one's self, or a state- 
 ment, or salutation, or request, 
 towards nim. 
 
 Address, n. The faculty oi 
 employing means to secure at- 
 
12 
 
 Synonymi and Antonyms, 
 
 teiition, or to gain a purpose. 
 Skill. It has also the meaning 
 of the locaUty or mode of com- 
 munication connected with one ; 
 so, synonymous with Residence 
 or Direction. Addresses in the 
 plural means courtship. 
 
 Syn. to n. Tact. Manners. 
 Ant. Awkwardness. Unniannerliness. 
 Syn. to V. Accost. Greet. Salute. Ap- 
 proach. Apostrophize. Appeal. 
 Ant. See Accost, 
 
 Adduce, v. tr. Ad ducere, to 
 bring. To bring a thing to an- 
 other as pertinent, corrolwrative, 
 or supplementary to it. 
 
 Syn. Allege. Apply. Introduce. Pro- 
 duce. Add. Import. 
 
 Ant. Retract. Except. Withdraw. De- 
 duct Deduce. Suppress. 
 
 Adept, n. and adj. From 
 adipisci, to find, part, adeptus. 
 One who, by sagacity or experi- 
 ence, or both, has found the 
 right way of doing a thing, and 
 acts upon it. 
 
 Syn. Expert. Adroit Handy. Master. 
 Perlormer. Professor. Artist. 
 
 Ant. Awkward. Clumsy. Inexpert 
 Tyro. Novice. Lubber. Blunderer. 
 
 Adequate, adj. Ad ceqnatus, 
 oequus, eqttal. Equal to any re- 
 quired measure, object, or pur- 
 pose. 
 
 Syn. Equal. Sufficient Fit Satisfac- 
 tory. Full. Competent Able. 
 
 Ant. Unequal Insufficient Incom- 
 petent Inadequate. 
 
 Adhere, v. int. Ad haereo, I 
 stick. To remain united with 
 little external contrivance; but 
 rather by some peculiarity of the 
 substances adhering. Used meta- 
 phorically of union of cause or 
 sentiment. 
 
 Syn. Stick. Cohere. Unite. Cling. 
 
 Adhere is better used of one 
 mibstance. Cohere of more than 
 one. So, A adheres to B, but A 
 and B, or A, B, and C cohere. 
 
 Ant. Disunite. Part Separate. Divide. 
 Secede. Sunder. Sever. 
 
 Adherent, n. See Adhere* 
 
 Syn. Follower. Supporter. Ally. A* 
 mlrer. Backer. Aid. Partlzan. 
 
 Ant. Opponent Deserter. Adversary 
 Renegade. Antagonist 
 
 Adhesive, adj. See Adhere. 
 
 Syn. Sticky. Viscous. Glutinous. 
 Ant. Inadhesive. 
 
 Adieu, interj. A commending 
 to God's care on taking leave. 
 
 Syn. Good-bye, which is 'God be with 
 ye." Farewell. Valediction 
 
 Ant. Greeting. • Welcoue. Recogni- 
 tion. Salutation. 
 
 Adipose, adj. Adeps, fat. 
 
 Syn. Obese. Corpulent Oleaginous. 
 Sebaceous. Pinguetudlnous. 
 
 Ant. I.«athery. Skinny. Bony. Thin. 
 Anatomical. Mummified. 
 
 Adit, n. Aditus, adire. An 
 entrance. 
 
 Syn. Entrance. Ingress. Approach. 
 Avenue. Access. 
 
 Ant. Exit Egress. Mouth. Debouchure. 
 Outlet 
 
 Adjacent, adj. Ad and Jaceo, 
 I lie. 
 
 Stn. Near. Neighbouring. Contiguous. 
 Ant. Remote. Distant Separate. 
 
 Adjoin, v. tr. and intr. Ad- 
 Jungere. Rarely used in the 
 transitive sense, this being re- 
 served for the uncompounded 
 verb, join. In the intransitive 
 sense it seems to be used both of 
 close proximity and actual con- 
 tact. 
 
 Syn. Annex. Add. Connect Append. 
 Supplement Attach. Unite. Ivt. Border. 
 Neighbour. Touch. Abut Approximate. 
 Verge. Trench. Touch. 
 
 Ant. Disjoin. Dismember. Disconnect. 
 Detach. Disintegrate. Disunite. Int. Part 
 Separate. Recede. Return. Diverge. Be 
 distant Removed. Remote. Incontiguoua. 
 
 Adjourn, v. tr. Ad, and dies, 
 a day. Whence diurnus, daily. 
 So, It. Qiorno, a day, and in Eng- 
 lish, journal, a diary, a daily 
 newspaper. To defer to a parti- 
 cular day, or indefinitely from 
 day ta day. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Stk. ?»stpona Suspend. Defer. Pro- 
 rogue. Delay. Pt Jtract. 
 
 Ant. Expedite. Despatch. Urge. Hasten. 
 Conclude. Complete. Seal • Consummate. 
 Terminate. 
 
 Adjudge, Adjudicate, v. tr. 
 Adjudicare. Judex, a judge. 
 Though they are the same word, 
 under a French and a more dis- 
 tinctly Latin form, they are used 
 differently. To adjudge is to 
 award by arbitration. To adju- 
 dicate is to exercise the office of 
 judge in a case. To adjudge is 
 active, adjudicate neuter, except 
 in cases of cognate signification, 
 as, to adjudicate a matter (of ad- 
 judication). 
 
 Syn, Award. Confer. Assign. Present. 
 Arbitrate. Decide. 
 
 Ant. Withhold. Reserve. Retain. Re- 
 fuse. Dismiss. Relegate. 
 
 Adjunct, n. Ad juvgere, ad 
 junctus. 1. A thing added to be 
 of use. 2. A thing emphatically 
 added, as distinguished from in- 
 herent. 
 
 Stn. Addition. Additament. Attach- 
 ment. Appendage. Appurtenance. Aux- 
 iliary. Aid. Acquisition. Advantage. 
 Help. 
 
 Ant. Essence. Substance. Body. Clog. 
 Detriment. Impediment Hindrance. Ob- 
 struction. Detraction. Drawback. 
 
 Adjure, v. tr. Adjurare, to 
 swear. To appeal to one, as if 
 putting him upon his oath — that 
 is, in the most solemn or impres- 
 sive manner; hence it has 
 adopted, in addition, the senses 
 of entreaty and command. 
 
 Syn. Coryure. Entreat Enjoin. Urge. 
 Supplicate. Move. Beseech. Command. 
 
 Ant. Deprecate. Remonstrate. Expos- 
 tulate. Warn. Dissuade. Inhibit l*ro- 
 bibit. Defy. Dare. 
 
 Adjust, v. tr. Ad and .Justus. 
 With the sense of the French 
 Juste, right in place or arrange- 
 ment. 
 
 Syk. Harmonize. Collocate. Arrange. 
 Localize. Adapt. Affix. Right Accom- 
 modate. Reconciift. Compose. 
 
 13 
 
 The word is used both of ar- 
 rangement of things or parts, 
 inter se, and also of the fitting of 
 one thing to another. 
 
 Ant. Dislocate. Disarrange. Disturb. 
 Confound. Dismember. Disorder. Con- 
 fuse. Discompose. Derange. 
 
 Adjuvant, adj. Ad Juvare, to 
 help. 
 
 Syn. Accessary. Auxiliary. Promotive. 
 Productive. Assistant Ministrative. An- 
 cillary. Useful. Conducive. 
 
 Ant. Obstructive. Detractive. Retard- 
 ative. Preventative. Counteractive. Irre- 
 levant Useless. 
 
 Admeasurement, v. Ad and 
 mensura, measure. Is used in 
 the sense, 1, of measurement; 
 and, 2, of relative measurement 
 or adaptation. 
 
 Syn. Size. Dimensions, Adaptation. 
 Adjustment 
 
 Ant. Misshapement Misconformity. 
 Misfit Mismatch. Mismeasurement 
 
 Administer, v. tr. Ad minis- 
 trare, from manus, the hand. 
 Comp. Manage. To distribute 
 generally, or to give out ; or to 
 act out the responsibilities of 
 office or government. 
 
 Syn. Distribute. Award. Accord. DoH 
 Give. Impart Afford. Discharge. Dis- 
 pense. Execute. Perform. Conduct. 
 
 Ant. Withdraw. Withhold. Refuse. 
 Retain. Assume. Resume. Resign. Deny. 
 Divert Appropriate. Misadminister. Be- 
 tray. Misconduct Mismanage. 
 
 Administration, n. See Admi- 
 nister. 
 
 Admire, v. tr. Ad and mirariy 
 to loondir^ Had of old the sense 
 of mere wonder ; but is now re- 
 stricted to that of wonder on ac- 
 count of beauty or excellence. It 
 may be of physical or moral 
 beauty, as, of a beautiful person, 
 or noble conduct and character. 
 
 Syn. Wonder. Gaze. Approve. Ap- 
 preciate. Extol. Affect. Adore. Revere. 
 Respect 
 
 Ani. Abhor. Ridicule. Disesteesi- Ex- 
 ecrate. Abominate. Contemn. Mlslika 
 Despise. SbRht 
 
14 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Admiration, n. See Admire. 
 
 Syn. Wonder. Approval. Appreciation. 
 Adoration. Reverence. 
 
 Ant. DisapprovaL Disesteem. Con- 
 tumely. Opprobrium. Ridicule. Contempt 
 Dislike. 
 
 Admissible, adj. See Admit. 
 Used of things and persons. 
 
 SrN. Allowable. Permissible. Probable. 
 Reasonable. Proper. Just Fair. Right 
 Qualified. 
 
 Ant. Unallowable. Inadmissible. Im- 
 proper. Unrea-sonable. Absurd. Prepos- 
 terous. Monstrous. Unfair. Wrong. Un- 
 qualified. Excluded. 
 
 Admission, n. See Admit. 
 Used of the admitting or conced- 
 ing of truths as just, fair, true, 
 reasonable, or right. See Ad- 
 mittance. 
 
 SrN. Concession. Allowance. Acknow- 
 ledgment Acceptance. 
 
 Ant. Denial. Protestation. Negation, 
 Contradiction. Rejection. 
 
 ADMrr. Ad and mitterc, to 
 send or receive. The root idea 
 is that of granting a place to 
 some person or thing. So, iirst, 
 locally, as, to ^mit to a theatre ; 
 then, slightly m advance of mere 
 locality, to admit to one's pre- 
 sence or counsels ; then, to grant 
 place to things on some moral 
 ground, as of necessity, or justice, 
 or reasonableness. 
 
 Syn. Receive. Pass. Permit Accept 
 Grant Concede. Allow, Acknowledge. 
 
 Ant. Exclude. Debar. Disallow. R«> 
 ject Deny. Discharge. Dismiss. E^ect. 
 Extrude. Repudiate. Disavow. Disown. 
 
 Admittance, n. See Admit. 
 Used of local or material cases. 
 So, strictly, we should say, the 
 admission of an allegation as 
 true, but, the admittance of a 
 stranger to an assembly. 
 
 Syn. Introduction. Entrance. Pass. 
 Permit Passport Privilege. Acceptance. 
 Welcome. Reception. 
 
 Ant. Excl'ision. Denial Ejection. Pro- 
 hibition. Bar. Hindrance. Ejection. Be> 
 pudiatl^n. 
 
 Admonish, v. tr. Admonere, 
 In Old Enghsh this word had 
 the sense of simply teaching, in- 
 forming, or instructing; after- 
 wards of reteaching or remind- 
 ing. Its modern usage is warn- 
 ing, because the reminding of 
 principles is warning. Hence, 
 like admonition, it has generally 
 a prospective sense, not referring 
 to physical dangers, but rather 
 to moral or penal consequences. 
 Sometimes, however, it refers to 
 the deed, and is a premonitory 
 penalty, equivalent to censure. 
 
 Syn. Remind. Warn. Advise. Fore 
 warn. Dissuade. Censure. Rebuke. 
 
 Ant. Encourage. Instigate. Abet, In- 
 cite. Urge. Applaud. Countenance, 
 
 Ado, n. From verb, to do. 
 
 Si-N. Hubbub, Commotion. Fuss. Ex- 
 citement 
 
 Ant. Calm. Composure. Quiet. Order- 
 liness. Staidness. Tranquillity, 
 
 Adopt, v. tr. Ad optare, to 
 wish or choose. To take to one's 
 self by choice or approval. It is 
 applied to persons, principles, or 
 opinions, courses of conduct and 
 association. 
 
 Syn. Assuma Select Affiliate. Choose 
 Endorse. Avow. Appropriate. 
 
 Ant, Reject Decline. Repudiate. Dis- 
 avow. Discard. Renounce. Abandon. 
 Disown. Disclaim. 
 
 Adore. Ad and os oris, the 
 mouth. To kiss the hand in 
 token of worship. Applied of 
 necessity only to persons, except 
 in the sense of idolatry. 
 
 Syn. Admire. Venerate Reverence. 
 Worship. Idolize. 
 
 Ant. Abhor. Despise. Disesteem. Abo« 
 minate. Execrate. Blaspheme. 
 
 Adoration. See Adore. 
 Adorn. Ad ornare, to heau- 
 
 ify. 
 
 Stn. Beautify. Decorate, Embellidi. 
 Deck. Garnish. Gild. Enrich. 
 
 Ant. Mar. Spoil. Deform, Deface, 
 Disfigure. Impoverish, Denude. Despoil. 
 Strip. Bare. Dis€mbellish. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 15 
 
 Adrift, adv. Drift, part, of 
 Drive. ^Drifting loose. Used 
 metaphorically, as, 'his senses 
 are gone adrift.' 
 
 SrN. Loose. Afloat. Agog. Abroad. 
 Abroach. Distracted. Disordered. 
 
 Ant. Fast. Tight. Right. leashed. 
 Moored. Secure. Collected. Composed. 
 
 Adkoit, adj. Fr. droit, Lat. 
 dexter, the right hand. 
 
 Syn. Handy. SkilfuL 'Dexterous. Ex- 
 pert. 
 
 Ant. Awkward. Clumsy. UnskilfuL 
 Inexpert Lubberly. 
 
 Adscititious, or Ascititious, 
 adj. Ad sciscere, to seek to know. 
 To go out of . one's way to find 
 out and import. Applies to 
 matter added, with the sugges- 
 tion of its falsity or superfluity, 
 
 Syn. Adventitious. Superfluous. Re- 
 dundant. Alien. Artificial Spurious. 
 Smuggled. 
 
 Ant. P^ssential. Necessary. Veritable. 
 Regular. Ingenerate. Ingrained. Con- 
 genitaL Fundamental. Genuine. Inherent. 
 Proper. 
 
 Adulation, n. Adidari, to 
 flatter. Praise, excessive in 
 quantity, and interested in ex- 
 pression. 
 
 Syn. Flattery. Compliment. Sycophancy. 
 Courtship. Cringing. Fawning. Blandish- 
 ment. Incense. 
 
 Ant. Detraction. Obloquy. Defamation. 
 Calumny. Traduceraent. Sarcasm. Ridi- 
 cule. Satire. Bespatterment. 
 
 Adult, n. and adj. Adolescere, 
 to grow up, udultus. A grown- 
 up person. 
 
 Syn. Man. Woman. To adj. Mature. 
 Ripe. Full 
 
 Ant. Youth. Stripling. • Boy. Child. 
 Infant. To adj. Juvenile. Immature. 
 
 Adulteratkd, pofrt. Ad alte- 
 rvm, or adulari. Adultery is the 
 unlawful love of some other 
 than the wife or husband. Me- 
 taphorically, mixed impurely. 
 
 Stn. Impure. Ungenuine. Spurious. 
 Concocted. Mixed. Falsified. Deteriorated. 
 Garbled. 
 
 Ant. Pure. Original. Genuine. Un- 
 mixed. Unadulterated. Undeteriorated. 
 Sotmd. 
 
 Adumbration, n. Ad ard 
 umbra, a shadom. Also the put- 
 ting forth in shadow, a shadow- 
 ing forth. 
 
 Si"N. Shadow. Foreshadowing. Presage. 
 Prognostic. Sketch. Delineation. Sugges- 
 tion. Hint. Premonition. Prototype 
 
 Ant. Body. Substance. Fulfilment, 
 Realization. Substantiation. Antitype. 
 
 Advance, v. tr. and int. Fr. 
 avancer, avant, ah ante. To move 
 one's self, or an object, or other 
 person toward the van, or for- 
 wards. Applied to moveable ob- 
 jects, persons, interests, opinions, 
 money. 
 
 Syn. I^iopel. Pllevate. Promote. Further. 
 Lend. Piopagate. Progress. Increase 
 Prosper. Rise. 
 
 Ant. Retard. Hinder, Withhold. With- 
 draw. Recall. Depress. Degrade. Sup- 
 press. Oppose. Retreat. Decrease. 
 
 Advancement, n . See Advance. 
 Advantage, n. Same root. 
 An advantage is anything, the 
 possession of which secures, pro- 
 motes, or indicates success. It 
 is used in the plural in no spe- 
 cific reference, but broadly, as, 
 the advantages of education. 
 
 Syn. Gain. Success. Superiority. Help. 
 Assistance. Profit. Acquisition. 
 
 Ant. Loss. Disappointment. Defeat 
 Frustration. Inferiority. Obstacle. Ob- 
 struction. Difficulty. Dilemma, Disad- 
 vantage. Drawback. 
 
 Advent, n. Advenio, adventus, 
 1 come or arrive. 
 
 Syn. Approach. Arrival. Accession, 
 Coming. 
 
 Ant. Departure. Exit. Exodus. Re- 
 tirement Relinquishment Quittance. 
 
 Adventitious, adj. See Ad- 
 vent, That Which is imposed 
 without strict propriety, or ne- 
 cessity, or rule, 
 
 Syn. Extrinsic. Redundant Super- 
 fluous. Adscititious, Irregular. CastiaL 
 imported. 
 
 Ant, Regular. Proper, Pertinent Essen- 
 tial. Appropriate, Necessary, Intrinsic 
 
 ADVENTURE, n. See Advent 
 
 The occui'rence of an incident of 
 
16 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 an unusually stirring character. 
 The adventure is sometimes un- 
 foreseen, sometimes sought pur- 
 
 SvN. Incident Crisis. Casualty. Un- 
 dertaking. Experiment. Venture. Trial. 
 Romance. 
 
 Ant. Matter-of-fact. Matter-of-course. 
 
 Adventurous, adj. See above. 
 Given to seek adventures. 
 
 Syn. Bold. Brave. Daring. Enter- 
 prising. Courageous. Gallant Fearless. 
 Venturesome. 
 
 Akt. Timid. Unenterprising. Inad- 
 venturous. Cowardly. Nervous. Hesitat- 
 xg. Cautious. 
 
 Adversary, n. See Adverse. 
 
 Syn, Opponent Antagonist Foe. 
 Enemy. Rival 
 
 Ant. Accessory. Abettor. Aider. 
 Friend. Helper. Assistant Ally, Ac- 
 complice. 
 
 Adverse, adj. Ad vertere, 
 versus, turned to or against, in &p- 
 ■poiitwn, adversus. 
 
 Adverse is spoken of physical 
 influences or forces, feelings, and 
 circumstances. 
 
 SvN. Opposed. Unlucky. Hard. Hostile. 
 Antagonistic. Unpropitious. Unfavourable. 
 Unfortunate. 
 
 Ant. Favourable. Friendly. Amicable. 
 Propitious. Fortunate. Lucky. 
 
 Adversity, n. See Adverse. 
 
 Stn. Ill-luck. Misfortune. Misery. 
 Calamity. Disaster. Unsuccess. Failure. 
 Ruin. Trouble. Afifliction. Sorrow. 
 
 Ant. Good -luck. Prosperity. Happi- 
 ness. Success. Advancement. 
 
 Advert, v. int. Advertere, 
 neut., to turn (one's attention) 
 to. It is followed by the prep. 
 to. 
 
 Stk. Refer. Allude. Notice. Remark. 
 Ant. Ignore. Pass. Drop. Omit 
 Overlook. 
 
 Advertent, adj. See Advert. 
 Loosely used of acts as well as 
 persons. 
 
 Syn. Attentive. Regardful. Mindfui 
 WatchfuL Thoughtful. Observant. Con- 
 wderate. 
 
 Ant. Inattentive. Inadvertent CasoaL 
 Tbonghtlesfl. Heedless. Inobservant la- 
 considerate. 
 
 Advertise, v. tr. See Advert. 
 To draw the mind to a piece of 
 information, either the public 
 mind or the mind of an indivi- 
 dual, and so make it known. 
 We say, to advertise a thing, 
 and to advertise a person of a 
 thing. 
 
 Syn. Publish. Advise. Inform, Pro- 
 claim. Promulge. 
 
 Ant. Suppress. Hush. Conceal. Ig- 
 nore. Hoodwink. Misguide. Mislead. 
 Misinform. 
 
 Advice, n. See Advise. 
 
 Advise, v. tr. Ad videre, to see. 
 To cause to see, for the sake of 
 information or guidance practi- 
 cally, and prompting to action. 
 
 Syn. Persuade. Urge. Prompt In- 
 stigate. Incite. Instruct Acquaint In- 
 form. 
 
 Ant. Dissuade. Deter. Expostulate. 
 Remonstrate. Prohibit Inhibit Restrain. 
 Curb. Mislead. Misadvise. Hoodwinlc 
 Deceive. Deiude. Misinform. 
 
 Advisable, adj. That which 
 might form a subject of whole- 
 some advice or recommendation. 
 
 Syn. Politic. Judicious. Expedient 
 Desirable. Wise. Prudent. BeneficiaL 
 Profitable. 
 
 Ant. Unadvisable. Impolitic. Injudi- 
 cious. Inexpedient Undesirable. Unpro- 
 fitable. 
 
 Advocate, n. Advocatus. A 
 person called to one's side as an 
 assistant at law. Comp. Gr. 
 napaKkr]Tos. It is used of the 
 support of a cause or opinions, 
 as well as of personal support. 
 
 Syn. Pleader. Counsellor. Upholder. 
 Propagator. Promoter. Supporter. Counte- 
 nancer. Defender. Maintainer. 
 
 Ant. Opponent Adversary. Discount- 
 enancer. Accuser. Impugner. Gainsayer. 
 
 Advocate, v. tr. See noun. 
 
 Afar, adv. Far, another form 
 of for, which is from the Greek 
 •noppu) and the Latin pro. 
 
 Syn. Abroad. Away. Aloof, 
 Amt. Near. Atbome. Cluu. 
 
ISynonyms and Antonym*, 
 
 17 
 
 Affable, adj. Affabilis, affari, 
 to address. Giving opportunities 
 of conversation, where they im- 
 ply kindness or condescension. 
 
 Syn. Courteons. Condescending. Ac- 
 cessible. Conversible. Gracious, Easy. 
 Approachable. 
 
 Ant. Exclusive. Discourteous. Distant. 
 Inaccessible. Unapproachable. Inconver- 
 sible. Haughty. Contemptuous. Super- 
 cilious. 
 
 Affair, n. Fr. affaire, afficere, 
 to affect. A thing taken with its 
 surroundings, and viewed, as it 
 were, in. the gross; as, a love 
 aifair, a trivial affair, a serious 
 afifiiir. 
 
 Syn. Matter. Business. Concern. Trans- 
 action. 
 
 Ant. Detail. Item. Point. Feature. 
 Circumstance. 
 
 Affect, v. tr. Afficere. To 
 make or produce an effect upon. 
 Also to e^ibit a tendency toward 
 an object ; hence to seek naturally 
 or desire. The impulse may be 
 physical or moral, as, water is 
 affected, by cold ; fluids affect a 
 round figure; I do not affect 
 that man. It is this last aspect 
 of the word which is represented 
 in common parlance by affection, 
 though it is also used physically, 
 as, a febrile affection. 
 
 Syn. Like. Desire. Favour. Seek. 
 Assume. 
 
 Ant. Dislike. Eschew. Shun. Repel. 
 Repudiate. 
 
 Affectation, n. Is the false 
 or idle form of the affection ; the 
 assuming a state which is not 
 one's own, or not natural; the 
 affecting of the untrtie ; the im- 
 pulse on the one side, and the 
 object or nature on the other, 
 being out of harmony. 
 
 Syn. Pretence. Artifice. Hypocrisy. 
 Assumption. Simulation, aiannerism. Eu- 
 phuism. Airs. 
 
 Ant. Genuineness. Naturalness. Sim- 
 plicity. Artlessness. Unaffecteduess. 
 
 AFFEOTiBiLiTy, n. See Affect. 
 
 Sto. Sensibility. Sensitiveness. Su» 
 oeptibility. Impressibility. ExdtaMlity 
 Irritability. Nervousness. 
 
 Ant. Insensibility. Insensateness. Hel-e. 
 tude. Unimpressibleness. Callousness. 
 
 Affection, n. See Affect. 
 
 SvN. Influence. Condition. State. In» 
 clination. Bent. Mood. Humour. FeeU 
 ing. Love. Desire. Propensity. 
 
 Ant. Insensibility. Indifference. Re* 
 pugnance. Disaffection, Repulsion. 
 
 Affiance, w. Yv. affiance, ad 
 and fidentla, from fides. Faith, 
 expressed toward a superior is 
 homage, toward an equal is 
 friendship, toward a superior 
 power, confidence, and, in a pe- 
 culiar sense toward the other 
 sex, betrothal. 
 
 Syn. Homage. Trust. Confidence. Re- 
 liance. Betrothal. Fealty. Faith. Plight- 
 ing. 
 
 Ant. Unfealty. Disloyalty. Distrust. 
 Treason. Suspicion. Infidelity. Falseness. 
 
 Affiliate, v. tr. Ad and fillus^ 
 a son. To impute paternity. Also 
 to connect, as with a parent 
 stock or society. 
 
 Syn. Annex. Graft. Incorporate. Unite. 
 Adopt. Inoculate. 
 
 Ant Dismember. Disannex. Disaffiliate 
 Sever. Transplant. Separate. Disjoin. 
 Disunite. 
 
 Affiliation, n. See AflBliate. 
 
 Affinity, n. Ajffinis means 
 literally contiguity, closeness of 
 location ; hence closeness of social 
 location, that is, relationship be- 
 tween persons not of the same 
 blood, so differing from con- 
 sanguinity. Hence, again, ana- 
 logy of nature or character, as 
 in colour, sound, sentiment, or 
 mental character ; hence, again, 
 likeness in anything which should 
 form ground of classification, as 
 groups of languages or natural 
 history, a physical community, 
 as chemical affinities. 
 
 Stn. Relationship. Similarity. Analogy. 
 Homogeneity. Harmony. Correlativenesa. 
 Sympathy. Interdependence. Interconneo* 
 tion. intercommunity. 
 
 O 
 
18 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Ant. PlBsltnllarity Discordance. Dts- 
 connectlon. IndepenJence. Antagoniam. 
 Antipathy. Repugnance. Inter- lepulsive- 
 ness. 
 
 Affirm, v. tr. Firmus. To 
 state in a firm maimer, or on 
 firm groimds. Affirmare. 
 
 Syn. Assert. Propound. Asseverate. 
 Depose. State. Declare. Endorse. Maintain. 
 
 Ant. Deny. Dispute. Doubt. Demur. 
 Negative. Contradict. Gainsay. Oppugn. 
 Impugn. Oppose. 
 
 Affix, v. tr. Afficher, qffigere. 
 
 SrN. Attach. Fasten. Unite. Append. 
 Ant. Detach. Disunite. Separate. Re- 
 move. Disengage. Unfasten. 
 
 Afflict, Affliction, Afflic- 
 tive. Affligere, ajflidare, to strike 
 severely. 
 
 Usage restricts aflfiict and the 
 other derivatives to things of the 
 mind and' prolonged pains of the 
 l)ody. When the casual and 
 intentional wounding of the body 
 is spoken of, the other compoimd, 
 inflict, is used, as, to inflict a 
 wound ; but we speak of an in- 
 fliction, meaning an annoyance, 
 and of the infliction, of pain of 
 mind. Man inflicts, but God 
 only afflicts. 
 
 Syn. Affliction. Trouble. Trial. Grief. 
 Pain. Disease. Misery. Hardship. Sorrow. 
 
 Ant. Consolation. Relief. Alleviation. 
 Assuagement. Or, more positively: Boon. 
 lUessing. Gratification. Plea&ure. 
 
 Affluence, n. Ad and fluere, 
 tofloio. In usage expresses the 
 aggregate rather than the process 
 of an inflowing abundance. In 
 older English it applied to the 
 physical inflow of water, as of 
 the tide, and the arrival of any- 
 thing in large numbers, as, an 
 affluence ot strangers. It is now 
 commonly used for an abund- 
 ance of resources. 
 
 Syn. Abundance. Plenty. Wealth. 
 Ulches. Opulence. 
 
 Ant. Want. Scjkrcity. Penury. Indi- 
 gence. Poverty. Impecuniosity. Strait- 
 mm. Lack. 
 
 Afflux, n. See AfflueiKJe. 
 
 Syn, Accession. Importation. Augmetti 
 atlon. Increase. Addition. Influx. 
 
 Ant. Decrease. Detriment. Detraction. 
 Diminution. Exhaustion. Failure. Ebb. 
 
 Afford, v. tr. Ad and forum, 
 market. To bring to market, or 
 to bring forward in court. Hence, 
 generally, to produce according 
 both to moral and natural pro- 
 duction, as, the sea affords fish, 
 the fields com ; a well-spent life 
 affords peace at the last. Se- 
 condly, to produce, confer, or 
 expand economically, that is, in 
 proportion to one's means and 
 resources. 
 
 Syn. Produce. Supply. Yield. Grant. 
 Administer. Extend. 
 
 Ant. Withhold. Deny. Withdraw. Re- 
 tain. Stint Grudge. 
 
 Affranchise, v. tr. From the 
 old Germ.-rrench,./"/Y/??r. Comp. 
 frank, free. To make free. Ap- 
 plied to individuals and boroughs. 
 
 Syn. Free. Liberate. J^nfranchise. 
 Manumit. Qualify. Open. 
 
 Ant. Enthral. Enslave. Subjugate. 
 Disfranchise. Disqualify. Close. 
 
 Affray, n. Fr. effroi,fear. A 
 conflict that puts others in fear, 
 therefore public. 
 
 Syn. Broil. Tumult. Brawl. Mel^e. 
 Fracas. Disturbance. 
 
 Ant. Order. Tranquillity. Paciticatlon, 
 Dispersion. Quelling. 
 
 Affright, v. tr. Goth. To 
 put in sudden fear by some ex- 
 ternal exhibition. 
 
 Syn. Startle. Astonish. Terrify. 
 Ant. Encourage. Embolden. Reassure 
 
 Affront, n. Ad and frons, 
 the forehead or face. An open 
 insult, as distinguished from a 
 secret or insidious attack by 
 word or deed. 
 
 Syn. Outrage. Provocation. Insult 
 Indignity. 
 
 Ant. Homage. Salutation. CovtvXtpy 
 
 Apology. Amends. Compliment, 
 
 AnRK, adv. On fire. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 19 
 
 StK. Ablate. Alight. Burning, Ignited. 
 Ant. Out Extinguished. Quenched. 
 
 Afloat, adv. Sax., but seems 
 akin to fluo, fluctus, a wave. 
 Comp. Fluctuate. It is used also 
 in a metaphorical sense, as below. 
 
 Stn. Adrift. Abroad. At sea. Abroach. 
 Loose. Distracted. Dased. 
 
 Ant. Ashore. Snug. Tight. Close. 
 Fast. Collected. Concentrated. 
 
 Afoot, adv. On foot. Liter- 
 ally, on the feet, and with the 
 metaphorical meaning of, set 
 going. 
 
 Stn. Working. Launched. Afloat. 
 Agoing. Inaugurated. Started. Insti- 
 tuted. Established. 
 
 Ant. Uncommenced. Incomplete. I'ro- 
 jected. Proposed. Contemplated. Designed. 
 
 AroKB, adv. and adj. Fore, 
 same as for Gr. 7r6pp<o, Latin pro. 
 Precedent in time or space. 
 
 Stn Precedent. Antecedent. Fore- 
 going. Ahead. A-front. Before. Beyond. 
 Sooner. 
 
 Ant. Behind. Following. Subsequently. 
 After. Astern. Aback, llearwards. 
 
 Aforesaid, part. See Afore. 
 
 Syn. Above-mentioned. Stated. 
 Ant. Following. Subjoined. After- 
 cited. Forthcoming. 
 
 Afraid, adf. See Affray. Ex- 
 presses all degrees of fear be- 
 tween the most trifling appre- 
 hension and the highest conster- 
 nation. 
 
 Syn. Fearful. Apprehensive. Timid. 
 Cautious. Careful. Frightened. Alarmed. 
 Terrifled. Suspicious. Distrustful. Anxious. 
 
 Ant. Fearless, Inapprehensive. Un- 
 Bolicitous. Easy. Indifferent. Secure, 
 Confident. Bold.' Hopeful. Eager. Reck- 
 less. Audacious. "Venturesome. 
 
 Afresh, adv. Fr. fraiche, 
 fresh. 
 
 Syn. Anew. Again. Frequently. Re- 
 peatedly, Intermittently. 
 
 Ant, Continuously. Uniformly. Unin- 
 t^ruptedly. Uuintermittently. Connect«dly. 
 
 Apt, adv. See Abaft, 
 
 After, prep. See Abaft. Ap- 
 plied to posteriority both of 
 time and order. 
 
 Syn, Behind. Following, Succeeding. 
 
 Ant, Afot«. Before. Intrododng. l»re- 
 ceding. 
 
 Again, adv. Comp. Gonn. 
 gehen, to go. With the twofold 
 idea of going anew, and going at 
 or towards ; hence again and 
 against ; for the latter vide infra. 
 The idea of frequent repetition is 
 expressed by the phrase, " again 
 and again." Sax. agen. 
 
 Syn. Anew. Afresh. Repeatedly, fr*. 
 quently. 
 
 Ant. Continuously. Uniformly. Unln 
 terruptedly. Unintennittently. Once. 
 
 Against, prep. See Again. 
 Implies motion or position in 
 opposition; and this both phy- 
 sical and moral opposition. 
 
 Syn. Over. Opposite. Abutting. Op- 
 posing. Resisting. Despite. Across. A- 
 thwart. Counter 
 
 AliT. With. For. Accompanying. Aiding. 
 Suiting. Promoting. 
 
 Agape, adv. Gape, of Gothic 
 derivation. Comp. Gap. 
 
 Syn. Astare. Agog. Astonished. Cu 
 rious. Inquisitive. Entertained. Amused 
 Eager. 
 
 Ant, Incurious, Listless, Lukewarm. 
 Absent, 
 
 Age, n. Lat. cevum, cevitas, 
 cetas. Fr. Age. • 
 
 This word expresses both a 
 point and also a period of time , 
 and these as applied both to his- 
 tory at large and the history of 
 human lifetime. Sometimes used 
 emphatically of old age, as, 
 " from youth to age." 
 
 Syn, Period. Generation. Date. Cen- 
 tury. Antiquity. Senility. Eldership. 
 Seniority. 
 
 Ant. Youth. Infancy. Boyhood. Child 
 hood. Moment. Instant. 
 
 Aged, adj. See Age. 
 
 Syn. Old. Ancient. Antiquated. Pa- 
 triarchal. Primaeval, Time-honoured, 
 
 Ant, Juvenile. Youthful, Young, Up- 
 start. Recent. Fresh. 
 
 Agency, n. Agentia. See Agent. 
 Agent. 71. See Act. A>^ulie8 
 2 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 20 
 
 both to acts and actions, also to 
 physical influences. It has the 
 technical sense of, a man of busi- 
 ness. 
 
 Stn. Doer. Perfonncr. Actor. Force. 
 Moans. Instniment. Influence, Cause, 
 rromoter. Operator. 
 
 Ant. Couiiteragenf, Counteractor. Coun* 
 teraction. Opponent. Neutrallzer. 
 
 Agglomerati, V. tr. Agglo- 
 merare, glomus, a hall of cotton, a 
 twist or yarn. 
 
 To agglomerate is to collect 
 into a mass of such a kind as 
 shall convey the idea of a multi- 
 plicity of parts, or intricacy with- 
 out organisation or structural 
 arrangement. 
 
 Syn. Accumulate. Conglomerate. Lump. 
 Agglutinate. Entangle. Heap. Confuse. 
 Amalgamate. 
 
 Ant. Scatter. Dissipate. Sift Separate. 
 Disentangle, Disject. Divide, Disunite. 
 Part Unravel. Detach. Difference. Dif- 
 ferentiate. 
 
 Agglutinate, v. tr. Gluten, 
 glue. 
 
 This idea differs from the pre- 
 ceding, inasmuch as the totality 
 of the things agglutinated re- 
 mains distinguishable, as in 
 some languages compound ideas 
 are expressed by concatenating 
 monosyllables, or words expres- 
 mve of elementary ideas, such as 
 the Chinese ; they are called ag- 
 glutinate languages. 
 
 Syn. Adjoin. Splice. Weld. Solder. 
 Gum. AflBx. Attach. Paste. Post. Stick. 
 CiMisolidate. 
 
 Ant. Detach. Abrade. Absterge. Dis- 
 integrate. Resolve. Disglutinate. 
 
 Aggrandize, v. tr. Grandis, 
 great or large. To make great or 
 greater. Applied to individuals 
 «nd families, or their condition. 
 
 Stn. Promote. Dignify. Exalt En- 
 noble. Enrich. Advance. Elevate. Sig- 
 nalize. 
 
 Ant. Depress. Degrade, Enfeeble, Im- 
 poverish. Debase. Humiliate. Lov?er. 
 ▲bMe. Disgrace. Dishunoar. 
 
 Aggravate, v. tr. Gravh, 
 heavy. To make heavy or heavier. 
 It is not used of the augmenta- 
 tion of that which is physically 
 weighty, but metaphorically, as of 
 the burden of trouble, or any- 
 thing naturally oppressive. . So 
 the idea is by usage restricted to 
 matters of feeling and moral re* 
 sponsibihty. We aggravate a 
 mental, not a material burden. 
 Circumstances also aggravate 
 offences. It is less usually em- 
 ployed directly of persons than 
 of their feelings or sentiments. 
 
 SvN. Exasperate. Wound. Provoke. In- 
 crease. Enhance. Embitter. Magnify. 
 
 Ant. Soothe. Conciliate. Assuage. Di- 
 minish. Palliate. Neutralize. Soften. 
 Lessen. Alleviate. Attenuate. Mitigate. 
 
 Aggregate, Aggregation, r. 
 
 Ad and grex, a flock. 
 
 Syn, Sum. Result Total. Mass. 
 Whole. Totality. Collection. Collation. 
 Combination. 
 
 Ant. Dissipation. Dispersion. Separa- 
 tion. Division. Segregation. Disunion. 
 Individual. Unit Element Ingredient 
 Item. 
 
 Aggression, n. Aggredio. 
 Gradus, a step. Commonly im- 
 plying the first to begin an en- 
 counter. 
 
 Stn. Invasion. Attack. Onslaught 
 Assault Encroachment Provocation. In- 
 cursion. 
 
 Ant. Resist-ance. Retaliation. Repul- 
 sion. Withdrawal. Retreat. Evacuation. 
 Accession. Acceptance. Qualification. 
 
 Aggrieve, v. tr. See Aggra- 
 vate. To lay a burden of sorrow 
 or injury upon another. 
 
 Stn. Wound. Trouble. Annoy. Hurt. 
 Vex. Disappoint. Molest. Injure. Wrong. 
 
 Ant. Soothe. Conciliate. Assuage. Con- 
 sole. Satisfy. Compensate. 
 
 Aghast, adv. From gaze, as 
 it were agazed, or standing in a 
 state of gaping or staring won- 
 der. 
 
 Stn. Affrighted. Astonished. Astar& 
 Dumbfounded. Bewildered. Horror-struck. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 2i 
 
 Ant. Cool. Calm. Fearless. Unaffected. 
 Onmoved, Indiffersnt. Unexcited. Un- 
 alarmed. 
 
 Agile, adj. Ago, agilis, active. 
 Restricted by usage to bodily 
 activity. 
 
 Stn. Nimble. Active, Fleet. Brisk. 
 Alert. Peatly. Lithe. 
 
 Ant. Slow. Heavy. Awkward. Clumsy. 
 Inert. Bulky. Ponderous. Elephantine. 
 
 Agitate, v, tr, Agere, agitare, 
 to toss about. 
 
 Syn. Disturb. Trouble. Excite. Ruffle. 
 Stir. Fluster. 
 
 Ant. Calm. Compose. Allay. Pacify. 
 Smoothe. 
 
 It is sometimes iised of argu- 
 mcntative consideration, as, to 
 agitate a question. 
 
 Stn. Start. Moot. Ventilate. Pro- 
 pound. 
 
 Ant. Solve. Settle. Determine. 
 
 Ago, adv. For agone. 
 
 Stn. Past. Gone. Since. 
 Ant. Coming. Future. Hence. Here- 
 after. 
 
 Agog, adv. For agoing. 
 
 i Stn. Abroad. Abroach. Astir. Adrift 
 
 ' Agoing. 
 
 The idea seems to be that of 
 excited interest, with a tendency 
 to distraction ; the faculties not 
 only actively astir, but going, as 
 it were, diiferent ways at once, 
 under the influence of curiosity, 
 delight, surprise, or desire. 
 
 Ant. Asleep. Indiffert-nt. Incurious. 
 Somnolent. Heedless. Collected. Cool. 
 
 Agony, n. Torture. 'Aycoi/m, 
 the struggle of the WTestler in 
 the public contests of Greece. 
 Agony is therefore, primarily, 
 pain so severe as to produce con- 
 tortion of the muscles; thence 
 generally great pain of mind or 
 body. 
 
 Stn. Pain. Torture. Racking. Excru- 
 ciation. 
 
 Ant. Soothing. Allaying. Assuage- 
 ment. Comfort. Composure. Peace. Ease 
 Relief. Grati^cation. Enjoyment Rapture, 
 Kpgtiksy.N 
 
 Agree, v. int. Fr. Agreer. Ad 
 and grntus, grateful, pleasant. 
 
 Agreement indicates physical, 
 moral, or mental accordance. 
 From its etymology it would 
 appear that its transition has 
 been, not from the physical to 
 the moral, but the other way. 
 Agreement may be with or with- 
 out volition. 
 
 Stn. Suit. TaUy. Accord. Fit. Har- 
 monize. Combine. Assent. Consent. Con- 
 form. Consort. Comport. 
 
 Ant. Differ. Disiigree. P^evolt. Pro- 
 test. Decline. Refuse. Dissent. Demur. 
 
 Agreeable, adj. See Agree. 
 Has the above forces, and also 
 as applied to things or persons. 
 
 Stn. Obliging. Pleasant. Accommodat- 
 ing. Grateful. Acceptable. Welcome. 
 
 Ant. Disobliging. Unpleasant. Unac- 
 commodating. Disagreeable. Obnoxious. 
 Ungrateful. Unwelcome. Unacceptable, 
 Offensive. 
 
 Agreeably, adv. See above. 
 
 Stn. Suitably. Conformably. Consist 
 ently. Accordingly. Pleasantly. Accept 
 ably. Gratefully. 
 
 Ant. Unsuitably. Inconsistently. Im 
 pertinently. Inappropriately. Inharmoni- 
 ously. Unbefittingly. Unpleasantly. 
 
 Agreement, n. Has the tech- 
 nical sense of a permanent or 
 attested agreement. 
 
 Stn. Contract. Compact. Bond. Obli- 
 gation. Undertaking. Treaty. 
 
 A.NT. (As without legal force or bond). 
 Understanding. Promise. Parole. 
 
 AoRlCULfURE, n. Ager,afidd, 
 colere, cultura, cultivation. 
 
 Stn. Cultivation. Husbandry. Farming. 
 Tillage, ^ 
 
 Ant. sterility. Unproductiveness. Waste. 
 Fallowness. Inculture. 
 
 Aground, adv. On ground. 
 
 Stn. stranded. Ashore. 
 Ant. Off. Afloat 
 
 Ahead, adv. Toward the 
 head. 
 
 Stn. Forward. Afore Afront 0n« 
 wartls. 
 
 Ant. Aft. t^\vSi. Astern. Be^qd 
 
22 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Aid, V, (r. Fr. aider, to help. 
 
 Syn. Help. Assist. Succour. Support. 
 Abet Encourage. Instigate. Subsidize. 
 
 Akt. Oppose. Resist. Counteract 
 Thwart. Withstand. Confront. Discourage. 
 Deter. Baffle. 
 
 AiLMBNT, n. Ail, of northern 
 derivation ; to be weak. 
 
 Stn. Complaint Illness. Sickness. Dis- 
 ease. 
 
 Ant. Recovery. Convalescence. Health. 
 Sanity. Robustness. Vigour. Salubrious- 
 ness. 
 
 Aim, n. and v. int., as such it 
 is followed by at. From cesti- 
 mare, to estimate w calculate, ^s 
 distance, elevation, angles, force. 
 
 Stn. Object Scope. Goal. Purpose. 
 Mark. End. Design. Intention. 
 
 Syn... to V. Seek. Level Propose. Dfr 
 sign. Affect. Intend. Mean. Purpose. 
 
 Ant. Shun. Disregard. Dlsaffect Ig- 
 nore. Overlook. Avoid. 
 
 AiBY, adf. A metaphorical 
 expression for light as air, aver 
 and above its plainer meaning of 
 ventilated or breezy. 
 
 Stn. Light. jEthereal. Spiritual. Joyous. 
 Sprightly. Lively. Animated. Frolicsome. 
 Fairy-Uke. 
 
 An\ ^uU. Inert Stony. Ponderous. 
 Slow. He^vy. Cheerless. Sullen. Dole- 
 some. Lugubrious. Leaden. Wooden. 
 
 Akin, adj. Prefix a and kin ; 
 whence kind and kindred. Like 
 in nature or character. 
 
 Syn. Related. Agnate. Cognate. Homo- 
 geneous. Similar. Consanguineous. Con- 
 geniaU Allied. Sympathetic. 
 
 Ant. Unrelated. Unconnected. Alien. 
 Heterogeneous. Foreign. Uncongenial. 
 Hostile. Unallied. Antagonistic. Unsym- 
 pathetic. Dissimilar. 
 
 Alacrity, n. Alacer, quick, 
 alacritas. 
 
 Syn. Quickness. Readiness. Cheerful 
 ness. Compliance. Willingness. Prompti- 
 tude. 
 
 Ant. Slowness. Reluctance. Repug- 
 nance. 
 
 The idea of alacrity is com- 
 pound, implying both physical 
 and mental or moral activity, 
 and is by usage almost entirely 
 restricted to the ready perform- 
 
 ance of the wif?hes or commands 
 of another. 
 
 Alarm, n. and v. It. all 'arme. 
 A cry " to arms f hence the verb 
 alarm means to frighten, and the 
 noun not only fear but a sum- 
 mons to self-defence, as, to give 
 the alarm. 
 
 Syn. Apprehension. Fear. Fright. 
 Tunidity. Consternation. Tocsin. War-cry 
 War-note. Reveille. 
 
 Ant. Confidence. Security. Quiet 
 
 Syn. to V. Warn. Wake. Terrify 
 Frighten. Intimidate. 
 
 Ant. Compose. Embolden. Reassure, 
 Rally 
 
 Alarming, adj. See Alarm. 
 
 Syn. Terrible. Fearful. Frightful. Por- 
 tentous. Ominous. Threatening. 
 
 Ant. Soothing. Assuring. Encouraging 
 Inviting. Propitious. Hopeful. Alluring 
 Enticing. Attractive. 
 
 Alert, adj. Sp. al' erta. Or 
 the mound or post of the sentinel 
 on the fortifications or rampart. 
 
 Syn. Active. Vigilant. Ready. Wake- 
 ful. Watchful. Prepared. 
 
 Although the word is used for 
 briskness or activity, in general, 
 it still is most appropriately used 
 of cases in which, according to 
 the etymology, the mind and 
 body answer to some external 
 call upon them, to be on the 
 alert, or to be on the look-out, 
 ready to act on short notice, 
 being found prepared. 
 
 Ant. Slow. Sleepy. Lazy. Absent. 
 Oblivious. Unready. Sluggish. Inactive 
 Unwatchl'ul. Dilatory. Drowsy. 
 
 Alien, adj. Alius, alienus. 
 Belonging to another country; 
 hence, metaphor., foreign to the 
 purpose. 
 
 Syn. Foreign. Strange. Undomesticated. 
 Inappropriate. Irrelevant Impertinent. 
 
 Ant. Pertinent Essential. Proper 
 Appropriate. Relevant Germane. Akia 
 Apropos. Naturalized. 
 
 Al^TIENAT?, V, tr. See Aliea 
 
ffljnonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 23 
 
 Applied to property, and the 
 good-will or affections of others. 
 
 SvN. Estrange. Abalienate. Transfer. 
 Ant. Conciliate. Retain. Endear. Bind. 
 Entail. Secure. 
 
 Alienation, n. See above. 
 Has, besides, the peculiar sense 
 of constitutional estrangement of 
 mind. 
 
 Syn. Insanity. Aberration. Hallucina- 
 tion. Derangement. Imbecility. 
 
 Ant. Sanity. Soundne'is. Sobriety, lia- 
 tlonality 
 
 Alight, v. int. Light conn, 
 with levis. To descend lightly. 
 
 Syn, Perch, Drop. Descend. Dismount. 
 Ant. Mount. Ascend. Spring. Soar. 
 Start. 
 
 Alike, adj. and adv. A and 
 like. Like in character or nature 
 or community of circumstances. 
 
 Syn. Resembling. Similar. Homogene- 
 ous. Akin. Together. Equally. 
 
 Ant. Unlike. Heterogeneous. Dis- 
 similar. Apart. Variously. Differently. 
 Unequally. 
 
 Aliment, n. Aleve, alimentum, 
 to nourish. Is used of whatever 
 tends to promote growth in 
 plants or animals. 
 
 Syn. Food. Sustentation. Nutriment. 
 Ant. Poison. Bane. Venom, Starva- 
 tion. Exhaustion. 
 
 Alive, adj. A and life. Germ. 
 lehen. Possessing life, or full of 
 life. 
 
 Sy-n. Quick. Living. Breathing. Warm. 
 Lively. Vivacious. Alert. Brisk. Ani- 
 mated. 
 
 Ant. Dead. Departed. Cold. Lifeless. 
 Defunct. Inanimate. Dispirited. Dull. 
 
 All, adj. Saxon. Expresses 
 completeness of number, extent, 
 quantity, or duration. It pre- 
 cedes the definite article, while 
 the synonyms follow it. 
 
 Syn. Whole. Entire. Complete. Total 
 ANT.^'preceding). Some. Part. 
 
 Allay, v. tr. Sax. alecgan, to 
 My doiim . To diminish or abate ; 
 but by use to diminish in force 
 especially. It is used of bodily 
 
 pain and mental excitement, and 
 of forces and feelings generally, 
 so far as they are amenable to 
 man's control. It may be total 
 or partial. When used of metals 
 it is a confusion with alloy, which 
 has a totally distinct derivation. 
 
 Syn. Soothe. Alleviate. Repress. Miti- 
 gate, Quiet Moderate. Appease. Com 
 pose. Soften. Pacify. 
 
 Ant. Excite. Rouse. Aggravate. Stir 
 Kindle. Fan. Impassion. Provoke. In 
 cite. 
 
 Allege, v. tr. Ad legare, to 
 send oY depute. To send or put 
 forth as an authoritative state- 
 ment ; hence, as adding strength, 
 to adduce the authority of an- 
 other. 
 
 Syn. Declare. Affirm. Assert. As- 
 severate. Depose. PJead. Cite. Quote. 
 Assign. Advance. 
 
 Ant. Contradict. Gainsay. Refute. 
 Deny. Disprove, Neutralize. Quash. 
 RepeL 
 
 Allegiance, n. Alligantia, 
 ad and ligare, to hind. That 
 which binds a subject to his 
 king or superior in the state; 
 used also for the personal feeling 
 or recognition of it. 
 
 Syn. Subjection. Obedience. Loyalty 
 Fealty. Homage. 
 
 Ant. Disloyalty. Rebellion. Resistance. 
 Disaffection. Malcontentment. Treason. 
 
 Allegory, n. Gr. aWos, and 
 
 dyopeiKo, I speak. 
 
 Syn. Parable. Metaphor, Fable. Illus- 
 tration. Image. For the differences, «e« 
 the words in locis. 
 
 The allegory is a form of di- 
 dactic speech, in which the pro- 
 perties of one subject are, for the 
 sake of illustration, transferred 
 to another. 
 
 Ant. History. Fact. Narrative. 
 
 Alleviate, v. tr. Ad and levis^ 
 lu/ht. To make light, or hghter. 
 It is not used literally, or of 
 things physical, but metaphori- 
 cally of things which weigh upon 
 
24 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 the mind, as care, sorrow, grief, 
 &c. We speak, however, of al- 
 leviating pain, penalty, and pun- 
 ishment. 
 
 SyK. Lighten. Ijeasen. Mitigate. Soothe. 
 Assuage. Moderate. Relieve. Remit. 
 Diminish. 
 
 Ant. Aggravate. Enhance. Embitter. 
 Augment Increase. 
 
 Alliance, n. AUigantia, ad 
 liyare, to bind. 
 
 An alliance is a voluntary 
 compact, binding persons or 
 communities. The alliance of 
 states is either oflfensive, defen- 
 sive, or both; with individuals 
 it means friendship or marriage- 
 relationship. 
 
 Syn. Compact .Treaty. Union. Co- 
 operation. Coalition. Confederation. Friend- 
 ship. Relationship. 
 
 Ant. Disunion. Enmity. Divorce. Dis- 
 card. Disruption. Antagonism. Estrange- 
 ment Hostility. Separation. 
 
 Allot, v. ti\ Fr. lot, a lot or 
 share. To assign a lot or to dis- 
 tribute lots. 
 
 Syn. Assign. Grant Award. Give. 
 Distribute. Api)ortion. Deal. Dispense. 
 
 Ant. Withhold. Refuse. Retain. Ap- 
 propriate. Resume. Mlsapportion. Misdeal. 
 
 Allotment, n. See Allot. 
 
 Stn. Piece. ParceL Award. Assign- 
 ment. Apportionment. 
 
 Ant. Malappropriation. Seizure. En- 
 croachment 
 
 Allow, v. tr. Fr. allouer, from 
 allocare, or allaudare. First, to 
 make a deduction, as upon an ac- 
 count ; hence, to grant or give in 
 a stated manner or periodically ; 
 hence, again, to grant the claim 
 of a thing on the ground of 
 truth, justice, reason, or equity ; 
 and, finally, to concede for rea- 
 sons best known to one's self. 
 
 Syn. Apportion. Allot Assign. Afiford. 
 Concede. Grant Remit Recognize. Ac- 
 knowledge. Avow. ConfesA. Admit 
 Permit Suffer. 
 
 Ant. Withhold. Withdraw. Resume. 
 Refuse. Deny. Disallow. Repudiate. Pro- 
 test Wltl»stan4. Resist. Dieapprove. 
 
 Allowance, n. Hee Allow. 
 
 Alloy, n. A and Fr. hi, the 
 law. 
 
 Alloy is the debasement of 
 metal to that standard which the 
 law allows. The word is not to 
 be confounded either with allow 
 or allay, inasmuch as all come 
 from different roots. In time, 
 the notion of legal debasement of 
 value was lost sight of, and the 
 word is now tsiken metaphori- 
 cally for the abatement of things 
 pleasurable or good. 
 
 Syn. Admixture. Deterioration. Adul- 
 teration. Drawback. Diminution. Decre- 
 ment Impairment Debasement Depre- 
 ciation. Disparagement. 
 
 Ant. Purity. Geimineness. Enhance- 
 ment Integrity. 
 
 Alloyed. See Alloy. 
 
 Syn. Mixed. Deteriorated. Impaired. 
 Diminished. Adulterated. 
 
 Ant. Pure. Absolute. Perfect Com- 
 plete. Genuine. Unmixed. Undeteriorated. 
 Unimpaired. Undiminished. Unadulterated. 
 Enhanced. 
 
 Allude, v. int. Ad and Itidere, 
 to sport. To allude is to make 
 such a reference to a subject as 
 does not straightly refer to, but, 
 as it were, plays about it, and is 
 ncrt specific but suggestive. It 
 is followed by the prep. to. 
 
 Syn. Refer. Point Indicate. Suggest 
 Hint. Signify. Insinuate. 
 
 Ant. Specify. Demonstrate. Declare. 
 Mention. State. 
 
 Allure, v. tr. Lure with the 
 sense of bait. To lead on by 
 the enticement of a bait. 
 
 Syn. Entice. Tempt. Seduce. Attract. 
 Cajole. 
 
 Ant. Alarm. Deter. Terrify. Scare. 
 Warn. 
 
 Allurement, n. See Allure. 
 Allusion, n. See Allude. 
 
 Syn, Reference. Insinuation. 
 Ant. Specification. Deponstr&tioi}, 5f jfj- 
 I Uoo. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 25 
 
 Ally, n. See Alliance. 
 
 Syn. Friend. Companion. Supporter. 
 Alder. Abettor. Accomplice. Accessory. 
 Colleague. Coadjutor. 
 
 Ant. Foe. Enemy. Opponent. Adver- 
 sary. Baffler. Counteracdor. Antagonist. 
 
 Aloof, adv. Either all off, or, 
 for aloft, from Germ, luft, the air. 
 It is applied not to altitude but 
 to distance more commonly. 
 
 Syn. Apart. Away. Separately. 
 Ant. Close. Near. Together. 
 
 Aloud, adv. A and loud.^ 
 
 Syn. Audibly. Loudly. Sonorously. 
 Vociferously. Clamorously. Obstreper- 
 ously. 
 
 Ant. Softly. Silently. Inaudibly. Sup- 
 pressedly. 
 
 Alter, v. tr. AUerare, to sub- 
 stitute. Also to change, that is, 
 to take another, or to make other- 
 wise. 
 
 Syn. Substitute. Change. Modify. Ex- 
 change. Vary. Diversify. 
 
 Ant. Retain. Perpetuate. Conserve. 
 Stereotype. Arrest. Solidity. Stabilitate. 
 
 Alterable, adj. See above. 
 
 Syn. Variable. Mutable. Changeable. 
 Moveable. Revocable. 
 
 Ant. Invariable. Immutable. Unchange- 
 able. Permanent. Fixed. Perpetual. Un- 
 alterable. Immovable. 
 
 Alteration, n. See Alter. 
 
 Syn. Variation. Difference. Diversifica- 
 tion. Modification. Change. Permutation. 
 
 Ant. Retention. Perpetuation. Conser- 
 vation. Changelessness. Stabilitatioru Iden- 
 tity. Fixity, Permanence. 
 
 Altercation, n. Same root as 
 Alter. Mutual expressions of as- 
 perity, or argument so conducted. 
 
 Syn. Dispute. Wrangle. Contentious. 
 Quarrel. 
 
 Ant. Unanimity. Concord. Agreement. 
 Compromise. Reconciliation. Consonance. 
 Conversation. Harmony. 
 
 Alternative, 7i. Same root. 
 
 Syn. Choice. Resource. Option. 
 Ant. Compulsion. Fix.. Quandary. 
 Necessity. 
 
 Altiloquenoe, n. Alius, high, 
 loqui, to speak. 
 
 Syn. Bombast. Turgidity. Inflatedness. 
 Euphuism. Magniloquence. 
 
 Ant. Plain -spoktnness. Veniacular. 
 Ilotjjer-toiigtie. ' 
 
 Altitude, w. Same root. Mear 
 sured height. 
 
 Syn. Height. Tallness. Veiticality, 
 Ascent. Loftiness. 
 
 Ant. Lowness. Depression. Descent. 
 Declination. Depth. 
 
 Altogether, adv. All to 
 gather. 
 
 Syn. Collectively. Combined. In one. 
 Completely. 
 
 Ant. Separately. Individually. Partially. 
 
 Amalgamate, v. tr. MdXayfia. 
 Any moist, ductile or viscous 
 compoimd, as an emollient plas- 
 ter. Amalgam is the compound 
 of quicksilver with other metals 
 
 Syn. Fuse. Mix. Commix. Com- 
 pound. Unite. Incorporate. Consolidate. 
 
 Ant. Separate. Disintegrate. Disimlte. 
 Decompose. Dissipate. Detach. Disperse. 
 Analyze. 
 
 Amalgamation. See Amalga- 
 mate. 
 
 Amass, v. tr. Massa, lump es- 
 pecially of molten metal. 
 
 Syn. Collect Accumulate. Heap. Ag- 
 gregate. 
 
 Ant. Divide. Dissipate. Waste. Scatter. 
 Disperse. Parcel. Portion. Spend. 
 
 Amazement, w. Maze or laby- 
 rinth. Expresses the combina- 
 tion of surprise and difficulty, 
 usually accompanied with fear. 
 But compare also Fr. s'esrnaier. 
 
 Syn. Atitonishment. Bewilderment. Sur- 
 prise. Stupefaction. Marvel. 
 
 Ant. Expectation. Preparation. Anti- 
 cipation. Familiarity. Calmness. Compo- 
 sure. Coolness. Self-possession. 
 
 Amazing, adj. See above. 
 
 Syn. Astounding. Astonishing. Be- 
 wildering. Marvellous. Prodigious. Por- 
 tentous. Ominous. Striking. 
 
 Ant. Common. Ordinary. Familiar 
 Trivial Commonplace. Customary, p're- 
 quent. Usual. 
 
 Ambagious, a.dj. Amhages, amc 
 for amhi, and agere, to trat of 
 drive. To twist about. 
 
 Syn. Tortuous. Indirect. Anfractuous 
 Circumlocutory. Periphrastic. Circuitous 
 Ambiguous. UnirtPlligible, Ppiptje^, Pjt- 
 joint*4- 
 
26 
 
 SynxmymB and An'onyms. 
 
 Ant. Simple. Straightforward. Direct 
 Obvious. Intelligible. Lucid. Plain. Pointed. 
 Terse. Pungent. Condensed. Telling. 
 
 Ambiguous, adj. Amho, both. 
 That quality of an expression 
 which leaves us in doubt which 
 of two ways to take it in, and, by 
 an extension of meaning, which 
 leaves us in doubt generally. 
 
 Stn. Equivocal. Doubtful. Enigmatical. 
 Unititelligible. Perplexing. Dubious. In- 
 distinct. 
 
 Ant. Univocal. Obvious. Plain. Un- 
 ambiguous. Indisputable. Unmistakeable. 
 Necessary. Clear. Unequivocal. Lucid. 
 
 Ambition, n. Amhire, to go 
 ahout. Canvassing for office in 
 ancient Rome. Hence a ten- 
 dency to self-raising, which may 
 be moderate or immoderate. 
 
 Syn. Aspiration. Emulation. Appetition. 
 Ant. Indifference. Inappetency. Mode- 
 ration. Contentment 
 
 AmelioIiate, V. ir. Melius, 
 better. 
 
 This word seems in present 
 usage to be confined to such ma- 
 terial improvement of men's con- 
 dition as are closely dependent 
 on a corresponding moral or 
 mental state. Thus we do not 
 speak of ameliorating an indi- 
 vidual by knowledge, but of 
 ameliorating the condition of the 
 people by education. 
 
 Syn. Improve. Raise. Better. Advan- 
 tage. Advance. Promote. Amend. 
 
 Ant. Debase. Depress. Deteriorate. 
 Injure. Impair. Vitiate. Spoil. Mar. 
 
 Amenable, adj. Supposed to 
 be from minari, to threaten, as the 
 root of the French amener, to 
 lead or bring. So Amenable 
 would at first imply that pre- 
 carious condition of dependence 
 which led a man to take groat 
 accoimt of the threats of a su- 
 perior; hence this servile idea 
 being lost, the force survived of 
 % st§te of subj>3tiop or depend- 
 
 ence generally. ( Another deri- 
 vation is from the mesne or 
 demesne lord or feudal superior.) 
 And, by a further extension, a 
 voluntariness of subjection to 
 such an influence as in the phrase 
 * amenable to reason.' 
 
 Syn. Liable. Dependent Responsible. 
 Answerable. Accountable. Subject. Pliant 
 Impressible, Ductile. Docile. 
 
 Ant. Independent Autocratic. Un- 
 amenable. Irresponsible. Refractory. Ob- 
 stinate. 
 
 Amend, v. active and neuter. 
 Menda, a faidt or defect, Fr. 
 amender. 
 
 When used as neuter it has a 
 general, when as active, a par- 
 ticular or detailed force : Thus, 
 ' his character or condition has 
 amended in general.' ' He takes 
 pains to amend his ways,' implies 
 specific attention to the counter- 
 acting of certain faults. 
 
 Syn. Improve. Mend. Correct Repair. 
 Better. Ameliorate. Reform. 
 
 Ant. Deteriorate. Degenerate. Neglect. 
 Aggravate. Tarnish. Blemish. Spoil. 
 Corrupt. Vitiate. Impair. Mar, 
 
 Amends, w. The filling up of de- 
 fect in obligation towards another. 
 
 Syn. Compensation. Satisfaction. Ac- 
 knowledgment. Atonement. Expiation. 
 ApoloEcy. Restitution. Reparation. 
 
 Ant. Insult Fault. OflFence. Injury. 
 
 Amenity, n. Amomvs, pleasant. 
 Apphed to physical influences, 
 as climate, and to demeanour. 
 
 Syn. Pleasantness. Mildness. Blandness. 
 Graciousness. Geniality. Compliableness. 
 Obligingness. Courtesy. 
 
 Ant. Unpleasantness. Harshness. Aus- 
 terity. Roughness. Moroseness. Ungra- 
 ciousness. Bearishness. Rigour. Asperity 
 Angularity. Discourtesy. 
 
 Amerce, v. tr. Merces, 'penalty. 
 Syn. Fine. Bind. Mulct Condemn. 
 Ant. Remit. Acquit Absolve. In- 
 demnify. Release. 
 
 Amiable, adj. Amai^e, to love, 
 ivorthy to be loved. Of old applied 
 to things and places, now oiily 
 to persops, 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 27 
 
 8tn, Loveable, Good. BeneTolent. 
 Charitable. Kind. I)electable. 
 
 Ant, Churlish. Disagreeable. Hateful. 
 Abominable. Ill-natured. Unamiable. Ill- 
 conditioned. 
 
 Amicable, adj. Amicus, a 
 friend. Exhibiting the character 
 of a friend, a friendliness on a 
 specific occasion. 
 
 Syn. Friendly. Propitious. Favourable. 
 Kind. CordlaL Neighbourly. 
 
 Ant. Unfriendly. Unpiopitious, Un- 
 favourable. Unkind. Cold. Distant. An- 
 tagonistic. Hostile. Adverse. 
 
 Amidst, prep. Medius, middle. 
 
 Syn. Between. Among. Betwixt. 
 Ant. Outside. Without. Beyond. 
 
 Amiss, adj. Amittere, amissits. 
 That which is lost, or has been 
 made to swerve from its right 
 scope or purpose, and so wrong. 
 
 It is seldom used of physical, 
 more often of moral things : and 
 expresses wrong under the as- 
 pect of swerving, deviation, or 
 failure, and to transactions, as 
 missing the mark of time and 
 circumstances. 
 
 Syn. Wrong. Untrue. Wide. Bad. 
 False. Defective. Short. Inappropriate. 
 Inopportune. Injudicious. Untimely. Abor- 
 tive. 
 
 Ant. Right. True. Good. Complete. 
 Successful. Satisfactory. Consummate. 
 Effective. Expedient. Appropriate. Op- 
 portune. 
 
 Amity, w. &e Amiable. 
 
 Expresses an ordinary amount 
 of goodwill without intimacy or 
 strong feeling. 
 
 Syn. Friendliness. Peace. Goodwill. So- 
 ciableness. 
 
 Ant. Coolness. Distance. Indifiference. 
 Hostility. Opposition. Antagonism. Acri- 
 mony. Asperity. Hatred. Dislike. Re- 
 pugnance. Unfriendliness. 
 
 Amnesty, n. d not, and fivdo^ai, 
 fxeiJLVTj^ai, 1 remember. A consign- 
 ing of offences (particularly politi- 
 cal) to oblivion. 
 
 >Stn. Pardon. Acquittal, Remission. 
 Condonation. Oblivion. Dispensation. Jib- 
 
 Ant. Psnalty. Retaliaticn. Punishment 
 Retribution. Requital. Visitation. Infllo 
 tion. Exaction. Trial. Account. 
 
 Among, prep. A mingled. See 
 Amidst. 
 
 Amorphous, adj. d not, and 
 fjLop(f)fj, a shape or form. 
 
 The word is technically used 
 of the elements of crystals which 
 have not developed into shape 
 and angularity ; but it is gaining 
 a more and more extensive cur- 
 rency, in the sense of floating, 
 or not yet compacted into a set- 
 tled shape. 
 
 Syn. Shapeless. Unformed. Incompact. 
 Inchoate. Incomplete. Unordered. Unar- 
 ranged. Floating. Unmoulded. Natant. 
 Discurrent. 
 
 Ant. Systematized. Arranged. Com- 
 pact. Finished, Shapely. Crystallized. 
 Developed. Stereotyped. Moulded. 
 
 Amount, v.w^. Fr.Amonter,ad 
 montem. To reach the apex or 
 culminating point, or a certain 
 point or degree. 
 
 Syn. Reach. Rise. Come, Attain. 
 Extend. • 
 
 Ant. Fail. Recede. Relapse. FalL 
 Decline. 
 
 Amount, n. 
 
 Syn. Total. Sum. Aggregate. Whole. 
 Quantity. Totality. Equality. 
 
 Ant. Failure. Decrease. Deficiency. 
 Portion. Instalment. Deficit. InsuflBciency. 
 
 Ample, adj. Amplus,full. 
 
 The word primarily expresses 
 fulness of superficial, though 
 not necessarily plane extent, as 
 ample space ; the ample folds of 
 a robe. In usage it expresses 
 such a fulness as satisfies re- 
 quirement or need. 
 
 Syv, Large, Bountiful, Liberal. Suf- 
 ficient Plentiful. Abundant. 
 
 Ant. Narrow, Niggardly. Stingy. In- 
 suflScient Scanty. Mean. Stint Bare. 
 
 Amplification, n. See Am- 
 plify. 
 
 Amplify, v. tr. See Arnp5^ 
 Xq make ampl^f 
 
28 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 ITie word is commonly applied 
 to the augmentation of resoui'ces 
 and the enlargement of some 
 literary subject or argument. 
 
 Syn. Eurich. Enlarge, tbttend. In- 
 »re.i«e. Augment. Multiply. Dilate. Expa- 
 tiate. Expand. Discuas. Unfold. 
 
 Ant. Retrench, Amputate. Curtail. 
 Condense. Abl»reviate. Epitomize. Gather. 
 Collect. Sum. 
 
 Amplitude, n. See Ample. 
 
 Amputate, v. tr. Am for amb, 
 and putare, to prune. 
 
 Sra. Prune. Lop. Curtail. Clip. Re- 
 move. 
 
 Ant. Extend. Enlarge. Augment. 
 Elongate. Amplify. Train. Trail. Deve- 
 lop. Produce. 
 
 Analogy, n. dva, to, and Xo'yoy, 
 a relation. 
 
 Analogy is of three kinds, 
 according to the number of re- 
 lated terms. Thus, 1, there is an 
 analogy between A and B— this 
 commonly means resemblance, a 
 community of character or cir- 
 cumstance. 2, As A is to B so 
 is C — in this case analogy is 
 equality of relationship. 3, As 
 A is to B, so is C to D. In this 
 case it is equality of proportion. 
 
 SrN. Relation. Resemblance. Propor- 
 tion. Similarity. Coincidence. Affinity. 
 
 Ant. Disproportion. Dissimilarity. Dis- 
 harmony. Irrelativeness. Heterogeneous- 
 ness. Incongruity. Inaffinity. 
 
 Analysis, n. dva and Xwo), to 
 loose. The resolution into parts 
 of anything which is regarded 
 as a whole — that is, a physical or 
 metaphysical whole. 
 
 SrN. Dissection, Separation. Segrega- 
 tion. Anatomy. Decomposition. Resolu- 
 tlon. Partition. 
 
 Ant. Composition. Synthesis. Aggre- 
 gation. Combination. Coalition. Coherence. 
 Amalgamation. 
 
 Anarchy, n. d not, dpxfj the 
 principle of government. The 
 failure of political power or au- 
 thority, and its consequence, civil 
 OPi;fusjon. 
 
 Syn. Disorder. Tumult. RebelRon 
 Riot Mlsgovernment. Insuboi.Hnation. 
 
 Ant. Order. Subjection. Government 
 Organization. Control. Law. 
 
 Anatomy, n. dvd to, or up, and 
 Tcfiuo), 1 cut. The resolution 
 of an organized substance into 
 its structural constituents ; em- 
 ployed also metaphorically as the 
 anatomy of a discourse. 
 
 Syn. Dissection. Division. Segregation. 
 Analysis. Dismemberment Resolution. 
 
 Ant. Synthesis. Collocation. Organiza- 
 tion. Union. Construction. Structure. 
 Form. Body, 
 
 Ancient, ocZ/. Fr. anclen. Low 
 Latin, anteanus, one wlio is before, 
 of old. (Not to be confounded 
 with ancient, meaning ensign, of 
 which the derivation is insiyne.) 
 In common parlance ancient is 
 used of that of which the cha- 
 racter impresses us with anti- 
 quity. As an ancient family; 
 the ancient world. 
 
 Syn, Old. Aged. Primeval. Primor- 
 dial. Immemorial. Time-honoured. 
 
 Ant. New. Young. Modem. Juve- 
 nile. Upstart. Fresh. Parvenu. 
 
 Ancillary, adj. Ancilla, a 
 handmaid. 
 
 Syn. Assistant Subservient. Promo- 
 tive. Auxiliary. Accessory. Conducive, 
 Available. UsefuL Applicable. 
 
 Ant, Insubservient Redundant Inap. 
 propriate. Irrelevant. Alien. Inoperative. 
 Unconducive. Adverse. Obstructive. Im- 
 pertinent Counteractive, Preventative. 
 
 Anew, adv. A and new. 
 
 Syn, Afresh. Again. Repeatedly. 
 Ant. Of old. Continuously. Uninter- 
 ruptedly. 
 
 Anfractuosity, n. An for 
 ambi, and frangere, fractus, to 
 break. The quality of being 
 broken oif short, or about, so as 
 to produce the eftect of needless 
 coignes or angles. It is used me- 
 taphorically of style of speech. 
 
 Syn, Ambagiousness, Angularity. Tc^ 
 tuousness. Ambiguity. Circumlocution. 
 Disjointedness, 
 
 4^. 8trftii{htforwar4i»e8S. PirectJjef§ 
 
synonyms and AntonijmSi 
 
 29 
 
 Kaitiness. Simplicity. Unmistakableness. 
 Pointednesa. Fluency. Lucidity. Sinootn- 
 
 ness. 
 
 Angelic, adj. ayyiKoi, an 
 heavenly messenger. Suggestive 
 of the character of angels, or 
 their state. 
 
 Syn. Pure. Ethereal. Spiritual. Lovely. 
 Heavenly. Seraphic. Rapturous. Divine. 
 
 Ant. Foul. Hideous, ttemoniacal. Dia- 
 bolical. Hellish. Fiendish. 
 
 Anger, n. Lat. angor. Is a 
 tight compression, especially of 
 tlio throat. So the phrase, 
 " choking with rage." Gr. ayxfiv, 
 
 to squeeze. 
 
 Syx. Wrath. Ire. Resentment Indig- 
 nation. Rage. Animosity. Fury. Choler, 
 
 Akt. Peace. Peaoefulness. Peaceable- 
 ness. Appeasement. Forgiveness. Patience. 
 Forbearance. Goodwill. Reconciliation. 
 Conciliatoriness. Mildness. - 
 
 Angry, adj. See Anger. 
 
 Syn. Wrathful. Irate. Resentful. In- 
 dignant. Passionate. 
 
 Ant. Peaceful. Forgiving. Forbearing, 
 Oalm. Good-tempered. Unresentful. 
 
 Anguish, n. See Anger. Ex- 
 treme pain of body or mind. 
 
 Syn. Torture. Excruciation. Agony. 
 Torment. 
 
 Ant. Ease. Pleasure. Enjoyment. Ec- 
 stasy. Rapture. Relief, Assuagement. 
 Solace. Comfort. 
 
 Animadversion, n. Animum 
 advertere, to turn the mind or at- 
 tention ; but Jby usage the doing 
 so for purposes of censure. 
 
 Syn. Censure. Blame. Disapproval. Re- 
 bake. 
 
 Ant. Praise. Approval. Encourage- 
 ment. Eulogy. 
 
 Animate, v. tr. Animus, the 
 mind or soul ; anima, the principle 
 of life. Animation is the having 
 hfe, or the having it emphatically 
 and demonstratively. 
 
 Syn. Enliven. Inspirit. Instigate. 
 Piompt, Incite. Stimulate. Stir. 
 
 Ant. Dishearten. Deter. Depress. Cow. 
 Stifle. Damp. Deaden. Discourage. 
 
 Animated, adj. See Animate. 
 Eefers to a state which may be 
 occasional or habitual. 
 
 Stn. Roused. Exdted. Enliveuei. 
 Stirred. Vivacious. Lively, B.isk. 
 
 Ant. Sluggish. Indolent. IndifFerenV 
 Dull. Languid. Flat. Tame. 
 
 Animation, n. See Animate. 
 
 Syn. Life. Liveliness. Vivacity. Cheer- 
 fulness. Briskness. Alacrity, Activity, 
 Alertness. 
 
 Ant. Expiration. Spiritlessness. Dul- 
 ness, Dolefulness, Deadness. Stolidity, 
 Inertness. 
 
 Animosity, n. Animosus in 
 Latin meant full of vigour or 
 courage; but in English ani- 
 mosity is energetic dislike of 
 persons. It is not so transient 
 and violent as rage or anger, but 
 of a more enduring character, 
 and is, therefore, pertinent not 
 only to individuals, as objects of 
 dislike, but to cases in which 
 energetic causes of disaffection 
 exist, with little probability of 
 removal, such as religion, race, 
 or protracted hostilities. 
 
 Syn. Hatred. Antipathy. Dissension, 
 Aversion. Acrimony, Feud, Strife. Acer- 
 bity. Bitterness. Hostility. 
 
 Ant. Congeniality. Companionship, 
 Friendship. Sympathy. Fellow-feeling. 
 Unanimity, Harmony. Concord. Alliance. 
 Regard. Kindliness. 
 
 Annals, n. Lihri annales 
 annus. Yearly records. Used 
 also for consecutive or philo- 
 sophical history, to which strictly 
 annals are precedent. It is a 
 rhetorical expression to speak of 
 history as annals. 
 
 Stn. Chronicles. Records, Memorials. 
 History. Archives. 
 
 Ant. Tradition. L^end. Lays. Ro- 
 mance. 
 
 Annex, v. tr. Ad and nectere, 
 to knit. 
 
 Syn. Add. Attach. Append. Unite. 
 Fasten. Affix. 
 
 Ant. Withdraw, Detach, Disconnect, 
 Separate. Disengage. Disunite. Remove. 
 
 Annihilate, v. tr. Ad and 
 nihil, nothing. To make a thing 
 be as if it had never been (so far 
 
30 
 
 Synonyms and AntonyUB, 
 
 as this may be possible), to bring 
 utterly to an end. 
 
 Syn. Abolish. Destroy. Kxtingulsh. 
 Obliterate. Eflface. 
 
 Ant. Keep. Conserve. Preserve. Foster. 
 Tend. Protest. Cherish. Developp. Culti- 
 vato. Augment. Stabllitate. Perpetuate. 
 
 Annotation, n. Annotare, 
 nota, a mark. To set a mark 
 against, for the purpose of ob- 
 servation and critical explana- 
 tion. 
 
 Stn. Explanation. Criticism. Elucida- 
 tion. Observation. Comment. 
 
 Ant. Statement. Assertion. Proposi- 
 tion. Narrative. Text. 
 
 Announce, v. tr. Annuntiare, 
 nuntius, a messenger. To pro- 
 claim a thing publicly ; if to an 
 individual, a character of im- 
 portance if not publicity, still 
 attaches to the tidings. 
 
 Syn. Declare. Propound. Reveal. Herald. 
 Proclaim. Promulge. Intimate. 
 
 Ant. Conceal. Suppress. Withhold. 
 Hush, Burke. Stifle. Shroud, Bury. 
 
 Annoy, v. tr. Low Lat. inodi- 
 ar'e, to hurt, odium. Fr. ennui. To 
 hurt by continuous offensiveness, 
 as distinguished from violent or 
 momentary infliction of pain. 
 
 Syn. Tease, Vex, Irritate, Affront. 
 Disturb. Molest. Pain. Disquiet. Harass. 
 Trouble. Inconvenience. 
 
 Akt, Soothe. Conciliate. Appease. 
 Quiet. Accommodate. Study. Regard. 
 Tend. Foster. Cherish, Smooth. Gratify. 
 
 Annoyance, w. See Annoy. 
 
 Annul. Ad and nullus. To 
 make so that none shall be af- 
 fected. Said peculiarly of laws, 
 edicts, rights, and customs. 
 
 Stn. Cancel. Obliterate. Abrogate. 
 Abolish. Extinguish. 
 
 Ant. Foster. Protect. Conserve. Main- 
 tain. Confirm. Enact. Re-enact. Insti- 
 tate. Establish. 
 
 Anomalous, adj. See Anomaly. 
 
 Anomaly, n. d, not, and ofxaXos, 
 regular. 
 
 Syn. Irregularity. Exception. Abnor- 
 mity. Informality. Peculiarity Ecc'>n- 
 tricity 
 
 Ant. Illustration. IzemplificAtioA 
 Specimen. 
 
 Anon, adv. Saxon. In one. 
 In one moment. 
 
 Sy-n. Soon. Shortly, Presently, 
 Akt. Hereafter. 
 
 Anonymous, adj. d not, and 
 ovofut , a 7iame. 
 
 Sy'n. Nameless. Authorless. Unattested. 
 Unautheiiticated. Unidentified. 
 
 Ant. Authenticated. Attested. Signed. 
 Authorized. Verified. Identified. 
 
 Answer, n. Germ, antiuort. 
 A .word set against another. It 
 would depend upon circum- 
 stances whether it was so set 
 merely in reply, or in argumen- 
 tative or hostile contradiction, or 
 an account before the law or a 
 superior. 
 
 Syij. Reply. Response. Counter-argu- 
 ment. Confutation. Acceptance (as of a 
 challenge). Tally. Solution. Counterpart. 
 Vindication. Apology. Defence, Excul- 
 pation. 
 
 Ant. Challenge. Question. Defiance. 
 Summons. Interrogation, Query, 
 
 Answerable, adj. Liable to 
 give answer in the sense of ac- 
 count, and also having suitable- 
 ness or correspondence. 
 
 Syn. Liable. Amenable. Accountable. 
 Responsible. Agreeing. Correspondent. 
 
 Ant. Independent. Unanswerable. Ir- 
 responsible. Different, Unsuitable. Dis- 
 agreeing. Dissimilar. , 
 
 Antagonism, n. See Antago* 
 nist. 
 
 Si'N. Hostility. Opposition. Enmity. 
 Ant. Amity. Alliance. Association. 
 
 Antagonist, n. avrl and 
 ayebj/, the contest of the Greek 
 games, especially wrestling. 
 
 The antagonist is, primarily, 
 one pitted against another for 
 the purpose of testing their re- 
 spective skill and strength. It 
 has passed, this peculiarity being 
 dropped, into the general sense 
 of opposition. 
 
 Syn. Adversary. Opponent. Fo6 
 Enemy. 
 
hynOnyms and Aniowyms. 
 
 31 
 
 AtJt. Alder. Abettor. Accomplice. Ac- 
 cessory. Ally. 
 
 Antecedence, n. Ante, before, 
 and cedere, to go. 
 
 In usage, antecedence " is any 
 going before, in order of time, 
 place, thought, or grammatical 
 expression; but not of worth, 
 dignity, or honour, which is ex- 
 pressed by precedence. 
 
 Syn. Anteriority. Priority. Preeursor- 
 ship. Premonition. Preparation. Pre-ex- 
 isteuce. Introduction. 
 
 Ant. Posteriority. Subsequence. Suc- 
 cession. Sequel. Supervention. Conse- 
 quence. 
 
 Antecedent, adj. See Ante- 
 cedence. 
 
 Anterior, adj. Same root. 
 Ante, anterior-. Like antecedent, 
 applies to priority in time, place, 
 and idea. 
 
 Syn Prior. Antecedent. Precursive. 
 Precedent. Earlier. Introductory. Pre- 
 limmary. Former. 
 
 Ant. Posterior. I^ter. Subsequent. 
 Consequent. Succeeding. 
 
 Anticipate, v. tr. Ante, 
 hefore, and capere, to take. To 
 take in the mind before the right 
 time, which is to treat prema- 
 turely ; to take it in reference to 
 its appointed time of coming, 
 which is to expect ; also to take 
 thought beforehand, for the pur- 
 pose of prevention. 
 
 Syn. ForestaL Expect. Apprehend. 
 Prepare. IVearrange. Meet. Prevent. Ob- 
 viate. Intercept. 
 
 Ant. Remember. Recollect. Recall. 
 Remedy. Undo. Cure. Misajjprehend. 
 
 Anticipation. See Antici- 
 pate. 
 
 Syn. Forestalment. Prevention. Expect- 
 ation. Awaiting. Foresight. Forecast. 
 Provision. 
 
 Ant. Surprise. Unpreparedness. UiteK« 
 
 pectedness. 
 
 Antipathy, n. avrl, against, 
 and TtdOos, feeling. A natural, 
 often jmexplainablc, feeling of 
 dislike to another. 
 
 SfN. Repugnance. Dislike. Unoon* 
 geniality. Abhorrence. 
 
 AnT. Sympathy. Kindliness. CoQ* 
 geniality. Fellow-feeling. Affinity. Haf» 
 mony. 
 
 Antiquated, adj\ See An* 
 tique. 
 
 Syn. Old-fashioned. Bygone. Obsolete. 
 Quaint. 
 
 Ant. Fashionable. Modish. Stylish. 
 Modern. 
 
 Antique, adj. Antiquus, an- 
 cient. 
 
 As ancient is that which gives 
 the impression, as well as pos- 
 sesses the nature, of antiquity 
 (as, the ancient world, an ancient 
 family), so antique is that which 
 is artistically old, as antiquated 
 is socially old or out of date. 
 
 Syn. Archaic. Ancient. Ancestral. 
 Ant. Modern. New-fangled. 
 
 Anxiety, n. See Anger. A 
 wearisome anticipation of things 
 to come, or the issues of present 
 things. 
 
 Syn. Care, Trouble. Eagerness. Ap- 
 prehension. Diffidence. Solicitude. Care- 
 fulness. Misgiving. 
 
 Ant. Carelessness. Ease. Contentment. 
 Acquiescence. Confidence. Contentedness. 
 Apathy. Light-heartedness. Ncsdialance 
 
 Anxious, adj. 'See Anxiety. 
 
 Apace, adv. Pace. Fassfis. 
 A step or interval between the 
 raising and planting of the same 
 foot in walking. 
 
 Syn. Rapidly. Fast. Eagerly. Astride, 
 Ahead. Expeditiously. Speedily. 
 
 Ant. Slowly. Imperceptibly. Leisurely 
 Creepingly. Cra^vlingly. Sluggishly 
 Tardily. 
 
 Apart, adv. A and pa7'tiri, 
 pars, to separate. 
 
 Syn. Aloof. Away. Separate, Asunder 
 Ant. Close. Together. United. 
 
 Apathy, n. d, not, and rrdOos, 
 feeling. Used not of physical 
 things, which is expressed by 
 insensibility. 
 
 Syn. Indifference. Insensibility. ln«ii. 
 'eptibillty Hebetude. Sluggishness. 
 
32 
 
 Synonyms and Antonymsi 
 
 Ant. Anxiety. Care. Eagerness. In- 
 terestedness. Sensibility. Susceptibility. 
 Sensitiveness. Irritability. Curiosity. 
 
 Aphorism, w. dTro and oplCeip, 
 to bound. Comp. Horizon. A 
 sharply-defining sentence or pro- 
 verb of law or morals, not of 
 physics or mathematics. 
 
 Syn. Adage. Proverb. Maxim. Apo- 
 thegm. Saying. 
 
 Ant. Lecture. Exhortation. Disserta- 
 tion. Disquisition. 
 
 Apiece, adv. A and piece. 
 
 Syn. Distributively. Individually. Sever- 
 ally. Separately. Analytically. 
 
 Ant. Collectively. Together. Indis- 
 criminately. Confusedly. Accumulatively. 
 Synthetically. 
 
 Apocalypse, n. otto and kg- 
 Xvirreiv, to take away that which 
 hides. 
 
 Syn. Revelation. Disclosure. Unveiling. 
 Exposure. Manifestation. Exhibition. Di- 
 vestment. 
 
 Ant. Concealment. Suppression. Veil 
 ing. Shrouding. Obscuration. Eclipse 
 Envelopment. 
 
 Apocryphal, adj. anoKpimrew, 
 to conceal. That of which the 
 origin, authorship, authority, or 
 authenticity, is unknown. 
 
 Syn. Obscure. Doubtful. Unauthorized. 
 Unauthentic. Spurious. Unauthenticated. 
 Unverified. 
 
 Ant. Palpable. Accepted. Authorized. 
 Authentic. Genuine. Current Undisputed. 
 Verified. Attested. 
 
 Apologub, n. ttTTo, from or 
 forth, and \6yos, a speech. Is the 
 Greek word for the Latin fahle, 
 though in its formation it corre- 
 sponds more exactly with pro- 
 verbium. 
 
 Syn. Fable. Fiction. Parable. 
 
 Ant Precept History. Narrative. 
 
 Apology, n. Same derivation, 
 but differently applied. 
 
 An apology is a speech put 
 forth : this is the essence of the 
 word. But for what purpose? 
 This is contingent. It may be, 
 1, generally in defence ; or, 2, in 
 
 particular defence of one's own 
 conduct or opinions; or, 3, in 
 acknowledging inadvertency or 
 wrong shown by one's self to 
 some other. 
 
 Syn. Defence. Justification. Vindica- 
 tion. Acknowledgment Confession. 
 
 Ant. Charge. Imputation. Offence. 
 Incrimination. Impeachment Accusation 
 Wrong. Insult Injury. 
 
 Apothegm, n. So now spelt. 
 Strictly apophthegm, dirb, forth, 
 and (f)d€yfia, a saying. The Greek 
 of the Latin proverbium.. A con- 
 densed expression of wisdom or 
 experience. 
 
 Syn. Proverb. Dictum. Maxim. Saw 
 Saying. Adage. 
 
 Ant. (as not so condensed). Exhortation. 
 Sermon. Discourse. Disquisition. Exhort- 
 ation. 
 
 Appal, v, tr. Jppallescere, to 
 grow pale (with fe&i). Comp.Eug. 
 pskle ; or, to cause to pall or fail. 
 
 Syn. Affright Alarm. Terrify. Scare. 
 Horrify. Dismay. Astound. 
 
 Ant. Encourage. Rally. Assure. Re- 
 assure. Emboldea 
 
 Apparel, w. Suitable cover- 
 ing or clothes fitting to the per- 
 son. From par, equal, dim. pari- 
 culus, or apparare, to prepare. " 
 
 Syn. Clothes. Robes. Vesture. Vest- 
 ments. Raiment Garniture. I'rappinga. 
 Housings. Caparison. 
 
 Ant. Nudity. Disinvcstiture. DesbabilU. 
 Tatters. Rags. 
 
 Apparent, adf. Appareo, J 
 appear. Appearing plainly or 
 appearing probably. In usage 
 it is equally divided between the 
 palpable and the questionable. 
 The adverb apparently admits 
 the sense of questionableness yet 
 more strongly. 
 
 Syn. Obvious. Plain Conspicuous. Un- 
 mistakable. Clear. Probable. Seeming. 
 Presumable. Likely. Patent. Ostensible. 
 
 Ant. Uncertain. Dubious. Inappsirent 
 lna)nsplcuou& Y'jiute. Unobservablt\ Im- 
 probable. Insupposable. Hidden. Real. 
 
 Appeal, v. int. Appellare. 1. To 
 
Bynonyms d:id Antonym^. 
 
 §pc)&k in request or entreaty to 
 another. Used with the pre]), to, 
 8S, invoking aid or interference. 
 
 Sin. Accost. Address, Apostrophize. 
 Invite. Cite. Invoke. Urge, Entreat. 
 Request, Resort, 
 
 Ant. Deprecate. Repudiate, Protest. 
 Disavow. Disclaim. Defy. Abjure. 
 
 Appearance, n. See Apparent. 
 The presentation of an object to 
 the eye; the object so repre- 
 sented; its general character, 
 and the ideas or indications 
 which it may suggest, as in the 
 phrases : * he made his appear- 
 ance ;' ' his personal appearance ;' 
 ' an ugly appearance ;' ' to all ap- 
 pearance.' 
 
 Sin. Advent, Apparition, Manifesta- 
 tion, Probability, Aspect, Likelihood, 
 Presumption. 
 
 Ant. Departure. Disappearance. Non- 
 appearance, Concealment, Unlikelihood. 
 Evanition, 
 
 Appease, v. tr. Appaiser^ Fr. 
 paix, Lat. pax, peace. 
 
 It is applied to the abatement 
 of the wants or passions of men. 
 
 SvN. Pacify. Assuage. Mitigate. Mo- 
 derate. Satisfy. Stay. Allay. Soften. 
 
 Ant. Excite, l^ovoke. Aggravate, In- 
 flame. Exasperate. Embitter, Incense. 
 Intensify, Stimulate. Kindle, 
 
 Appellation, n. See Appeal, 
 The name by which a person or 
 object is addressed or called, 
 
 Syn, Name. Patronymic. Designation. 
 Title. Denomination. Term. 
 
 Ant, Namelessness, Non-description. 
 Anonymousness. 
 
 Append, Appendage, Appen- 
 dix, Appendere. To hang one 
 thing on to another. To fasten, 
 as by a string ; hence, to add as 
 an appendage. Appendix, for 
 the sake of distinction, is used 
 for the appendage, supplement, 
 or index of a book, 
 
 Syn. to verb. Affix. Supplement. Sub- 
 join. Attach, 
 
 Ant. Separate. Dlsfng'ge. Detaca. 
 
 Stn. tc noun. Addition. Annexation 
 Adjunct. Supplement. 
 
 Ant. Subtraction. Disconnection. De- 
 tachment. Separation, Disytinction. Divl 
 aion. Jncorjioration. Amalgamation. 
 
 Appetite, n. Ad and petere 
 to seek. Propensity of nature. 
 
 Syn. Passion. Desire. Propensity. Pro- 
 clivity. Inclination. l»ropenslon. Want 
 Craving. Disposition. Tendency, Prone- 
 ness. 
 
 Ant. Repugnance. Aversion. Anti- 
 pathy. Loathing, Indifference. Apathy 
 
 Applaud, v. tr. Ad and plau- 
 dere, to clap the liands. To praise, 
 but on the pure ground of ap- 
 proval. So we applaud acts, 
 words, sentiments, performances, 
 motives — in short, things good ; 
 not the aristocratic, the power- 
 ful, or the beautiful. 
 
 Syn. I^nd. Praise. Approve. En- 
 courage. Cheer. 
 
 Ant. Disapprove. Denounce, Censure. 
 Decry. Execrate, 
 
 Applause, n. See Applaud. 
 
 Syn. Praise. laudation. Acclamation. 
 Eulogy, Approval, 
 
 Ant. Obloquy. Condemnation, Denun- 
 ciation. Dissatisfaction. Censure. Con» 
 tempt. Blame, Vituperation. Sibllatiou, 
 
 Appliance, n. See Apply. 
 
 Syn, Contrivance. Arrangement. Means, 
 Mechanism. Agency. 
 
 Ant. Spontaneity. Growth. Productloa 
 Evolution. Development. 
 
 Applicable, adj. See Apply. 
 
 Syn. Available, Useful, Convenient. 
 Appropriate, Pertinent, Conducive. An- 
 cillary. 
 
 Ant. Useless. Unavailable. Incondu- 
 clve. Inapplicable. Irrelevant. 
 
 Application, n. See Apply 
 and Diligence. 
 
 Apply, v. To fold upon. Ad 
 plicare. Comp. Ply and Display, 
 which is to unfold. Employ to 
 enfold upon one's own purpose. 
 To adduce, in the most broad 
 and generic sense, with a purely 
 physical or moral object, as, to 
 apply a blister, or a sum of 
 money to a charitable purpose, 
 
34 
 
 Synonyms and AiJonynjS. 
 
 or evidence to a case, or one's 
 self to study. It is used also in- 
 transitively, as in the sense of 
 making application, or showing 
 it in the sense of diligence. Ap- 
 pliance is used for contrivance 
 or mechanical application; and 
 applicable, in the sense of suit- 
 able. 
 
 Syn. To Apply. Adduce. Use. Employ. 
 J>evote. Exercise. Apportion. Direct. 
 
 Ant. Disuse. Divorce. Discard. Super- 
 sede. Alienate. Remove. Misapply. Mis- 
 direct. Divert. Misappropriate. Misem- 
 ploy. 
 
 Appoint, v. tr. Ad punctum 
 ducere, to bring to a point. A 
 point of order, so to establish ; of 
 oflBice, so to instal ; of agreement, 
 so to fix ; of use -or preparation, 
 so to furnish. 
 
 Syn. Fix. Determine. Instal. Institute. 
 Apportion. Apply. Employ. Designate. 
 Assign. Intrust. Invest Ordam. Ar- 
 range. 
 
 Ant. Reverse. Cancel. Recall. Re- 
 serve. Withdraw. Withhold. Retain. 
 Suspend. Undo. Disarrange. Disappoint, 
 
 Apportion, v. tr. Portio, por- 
 fionare. To distribute according 
 to proportion to one or more. 
 
 Syn. Assign. Deal. (Trant. Dispense. 
 Administer. Distribute. Appoint. 
 
 Ant. Reserve. Retain. Refuse. With-, 
 hold. Assume. Resume. Cancel. Suspend. 
 Divert. Reapportion. Reappoint. 
 
 Apportionment, n. See Ap- 
 portion. 
 
 Apposite, a(?;'. Ad ^ndi ponere, 
 iwsitus, placed. Well suited or 
 set. 
 
 Syn. Suitable. Appropriate. Timely. 
 Congruous. Consiuteiit. Pertinent. Fit. 
 
 Ant. Untimely. Irrelevant. Imperti- 
 nent. Unfitting. Mistimed. Misplaced, 
 ials-spolcen. Inappropriate. Mi^'udged. 
 
 Appraise, v. tr. Appretiare, 
 pretium. To set a value upon. 
 Sometimes written apprize, which 
 tcmds to confusion with another 
 word of different derivation and 
 meaning, to apprise, Fr. ajo- 
 »rtx4re^ to inforis. 
 
 Syn. Value. Survey. Estimate. PrlOBk 
 Ant. Undervalue. Discard. Condemn. 
 Brand. Misappreclate. Misestimate, 
 
 Appreciate, v. tr. Same de- 
 rivation as appraise ; but mean- 
 ing to set not a value simply, 
 but such a value as one is bound 
 in reason to recognize. 
 
 Syn. Esteem. Recognize. Acknowledge. 
 Respect, Value, 
 
 Ant, Undervalue, Misconceive, Mis- 
 judge. Ignore. Misappret-iate, 
 
 Apprehend, v. tr. Ad and 
 prehendo, I grasp in the hands. 
 
 In this sense it is now con- 
 fined to the legal arrest of per- 
 sons. To grasp with the mind, 
 as a matter of understanding, 
 belief, or anticipation, and es- 
 pecially of coming danger. 
 
 Syn. Comprehend. Understand. Expert, 
 Fear. Conceive. Anticipate. Presume. 
 Conjecture. 
 
 Ant. Ignore. Miss. Ix)se. Misconceive 
 Misapprehend. Misconjecture. Misantici- 
 pate. 
 
 Apprehension, n. See Ap- 
 prehend. 
 
 Apprize, v. tr. Fr. apprendre. 
 See Apprehend. To grasp. Ee- 
 flexively, to cause another to 
 grasp or know a thing. 
 
 Syn. Inform. Advise. Advertise, Ac- 
 quaint. Enlighten. 
 
 Ant. Hoodwinlc. Mystify. Deceive 
 Mislead. 
 
 Approach, n. Fr. proche, liat. 
 prope, near. Used for the state, 
 the act, and the way, of ap- 
 proaching. 
 
 Syn. Access. Adit. Avenue. Entrance. 
 Vestibule. Arrival. Advent. Approxima- 
 tion. N earing. Appropinquatlon. Simi- 
 larity. 
 
 Ant, Exit. l'::gi-ess. Debouchure. Out- 
 let. Departure. Re ession. Distance. 1~>1- 
 versity. Disparity, . 
 
 Approbation, n. Approbore. 
 to prove, or approve. 
 
 Syn. Approval. Prai.se, Satisfaction. 
 Encouragement Confirmation. Accopt*act) 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 35 
 
 Alrt. Disapproval. Censure. Blame. 
 Dissatisfaction. Discouragement. Repu- 
 diatioO. Protest. Denial. Refusal. Dis- 
 daimef. Disavowal. Disparity. Dissimilarity. 
 
 APPROXIMATE, V. int. Prox- 
 imics, very near. To come close, 
 in fact, appearance, character, 
 signification. 
 
 Syn. Approach. Border. Abut. Re- 
 semble. Near. Trench. 
 
 Ant. Separate. Differ. Vary. Diverge. 
 Recede. Deviate. 
 
 Appurtenant, adj. Ad and 
 'pertinere, to belong. 
 
 Syn. Belonging. Connected. Appro- 
 priate. Appended. Attached. Co-ordinate. 
 Concomitant. Homogeneous. 
 
 Akt. Unconnected. Disconnected. In- 
 appropriate. Detached. Isolated. Incon- 
 gruous. Unallled. Unrelated. Independent. 
 Heterogeneous. 
 
 Apt, adj. Aptus, Jit. By na- 
 ture or contrivance. 
 
 Syn. Fit. Apposite. Clever. Liable. 
 Likely. 
 
 Ant. Unfitted. Ill-timed. Awkward. 
 Unlikely. Inapt. 
 
 Aptitude, n. See Apt. 
 
 Syn. Fitness. Suitableness. Liability. 
 Readiness. Quickness. Cleverness. Sus- 
 ceptibility. Tendency. Proneness. 
 
 Ant. Unfitness. Unsultableness. Insus- 
 ceptibility. Slowness. Stupidity. Awk- 
 wardness. Unreadiness. 
 
 Arbiter, n. Same word in Lat. 
 
 Arbiter is much the same as 
 moderator or director. Arbitra- 
 tor is one called in to settle spe- 
 cific disputes or differences. 
 
 Syn. Arbitrator. Judge. Umpire. Mo- 
 derator. Director. Referee. 
 
 Ant. Appellant. Claimant. Disputant. 
 Uttgant. 
 
 Arbitrary, adj. See Arbiter. 
 
 Used of a tendency to abuse 
 the possession of power. So 
 harsh and unforbearing. 
 
 Syn. Tyrannical. Despotic. Harsh. Dic- 
 tatorial. Imperious. Unforbearing. Over- 
 bearing. Selfish. Irresponsible. 
 
 Ant. Mild. Modest. Lenient. Consi- 
 derate. Obliging. Limited. Constitutional. 
 (Squitable. 
 
 Arbitbate, ^'. itit. and tr. See 
 Arbiter. 
 
 SfN. Settle. Adjust. Decide. Compose 
 Determine. Accommodate. Adjudicate. 
 
 Ant. Dispute. Claim. Appeal. Litl- 
 gate. Contend. Misjudge. Misdetennine. 
 
 Archaic, dpxamos, ancient. See 
 
 Ancient. 
 
 Ardent, adj. Ardere, to hum, 
 Syn. Lo!)ging, Passionate. Warm. Eaget 
 Fervent. Excited. Fierv. 
 
 Ant. Cool. Cold. Indifferent. Apa- 
 thetic. Dispassloned. Passionless. Unmi- 
 passione'l. Phlegmatic. Platonic. 
 
 Ardour, n. See Ardent. 
 
 Arduous, adj. Arduus, steep^ 
 loftij, or difficult of access. Used 
 metaphorically of difficult under- 
 takings. 
 
 Syn. Difficult. Hard. Onerous. La- 
 borious. Steep. Precipitous. Lofty. 
 
 Ant. Easy. Practicable Unlaborious. 
 Light. Trivial. 
 
 Argue, v. int. Arguere, to 
 treat by reason. It is sometimes 
 used in the active sense of to 
 prove ; as, * such conduct argues 
 
 Syn. Discuss. Debate. Question. Prove 
 Evidence. Establish. Imply. Sift. Dis- 
 pute. Persuade. 
 
 Ant. Dictate. Assert. Propound. Command. 
 
 Argument. See Argue. 
 Arid, adj. Aridus. 
 
 Syn. Dry. Parched. Sterile. Unpro- 
 ductive. 
 
 Ant. Moist. Dewy. Watered. Fertile. 
 Luxuriant. Exuberant. Verdant, ^^loom- 
 ing. Productive. 
 
 Aright, adv. According to 
 the right way. Rectus, straight. 
 Applied physically and morally. 
 
 Syn. Right. Well. Rightly. Truly. 
 Correctly. Properly. Uprightly. Unex- 
 ceptionably. 
 
 Ant. Wrongly. Awry. Incorrectly. Im- 
 properly. Defectively. Erroneously. 
 
 Arm, v. tr, Lat. Arma, arms, 
 implements. 
 
 Syn. Equip. Gird. Accoutre. Array. 
 Ant. Disarm. Ungird. Disarray. Divest. 
 
 A ROUND, adv. and prep. A and 
 rcund. From Lat. rotundus, rota^ 
 a wheel Comp. Rotund. 
 
 Syn. About. Environing. Encircling 
 Ant Witvin. Amid. A nong. 
 
 d2 
 
86 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms* 
 
 Allots*, V. tr. Sax. Rouse. 
 Connected with raise. 
 
 Syk. Stir. Excite. Disturb. Awaken. 
 A.larra. 
 
 Ant, Allay. Assuage. Mitigate. Pa- 
 cify. Compose. Moderate. StilL C^ulet. 
 
 Arbaign, V. tr. Ad and ra- 
 tionare, ratio, or reason. To call 
 to account before some authority 
 or tribunal. 
 
 Syn. Summon. Accuse. Indict. Im- 
 |)eacb. 
 
 Akt. Acquit. Condone. Release. Dis- 
 cbarge. 
 
 Arrange, v. tr. Supposed to 
 be from ad and arena, whence 
 ring, rank, range. To order on a 
 given ground or space, as troops 
 on a field. Afterwards to set in 
 order. But comp. Fr. ra,ng. 
 
 Syn. Order. Range. Locate. Dispose. 
 Assort. Deal. Sort. Parcel. Classify. 
 
 Ant. Derange. Disarrange, Confound. 
 Confuse. Disturb. Disperse. Jumble. Dis- 
 order. 
 
 Arrangement, n. See Ar- 
 range. 
 
 Arrant, adj. Fr. Errant, 
 meaning vagabond. As an ad- 
 verb, intensifying reproach. 
 
 Syn. Veritable. Unqualified. Utter. In- 
 famous. Emphatic. 
 
 Ant. Suspicious. Slight. Mitigated. 
 Liliely. 
 
 Array, w. Is said to be from 
 the same root as Arrange, which 
 see. It has the additional sense of 
 clothe. But comp. It. arredare. 
 
 Syn. Vest. Equip. Accoutre. Deco- 
 rate. Invest. Attire. 
 Ant. Disarray. Divest. Denude. Strip. 
 
 Arrest, v. tr. Low Lat. arres- 
 tare. To cause suddenly to stop, 
 especially by force of law. 
 
 Syn. Seize. Hold. Detain. Apprehend. 
 Ant. Release. Dismiss. Liberate. Free. 
 Discbarge. Expedite. 
 
 Arrival, n. See Arrive. 
 
 Ahbivb, v. int. Ad and ripa, 
 a V»ank. To touch the bank, to 
 amve physically or mentally at 
 a priint. 
 
 Stn. Reach. Attain. Land- 
 Amt. Embark. Depart Start 
 
 Abboqanob, n. Arrogare, to 
 claim to one*s~self. Such a habit 
 of mind and manner as seems to 
 abuse tiie deference of others by 
 claiming more than one's due. 
 
 Syn. Haughtiness. Contemptuousneea. 
 Overbearingness. Brow-beating. Assump- 
 tion. Hauteur. Insolence. Discourtesy. 
 
 Ant. Bashfulness. Servility. Considerate- 
 ness. Deference. Courtesy. Shyness. Mo- 
 desty. DlfBdence. Politeness. 
 
 Abrogate, v. tr. See Arro- 
 gance. 
 
 Syn. Claim. Assume. Vindicate. Assert 
 Demand. 
 
 Ant. Forego. Waive. Resign. Surren- 
 der. Abandon. Disclaim. 
 
 Artful, adj. Ars, from, apa>, 
 to Jit. Art is the adaptation of 
 nature by science to practical 
 purposes, or the faculty of doing 
 so, namely, skill. In a lower 
 sense, cunning is expressed by 
 artful. 
 
 Syn. Cunning. Designing. Sharp. Ma- 
 noeuvring. Knowing. Crafty. Wily. Sly. 
 
 Ant. Simple. Undesigning. Opea 
 Artless. Lwocent. Unsophisticated. 
 
 Artifice, n. See Artful. 
 
 Syn. Manoeuvre. Contrivance. Trick. 
 Fraud. 
 
 Ant. Fairness. Candour. Openness 
 Simplicity. 
 
 Artificial, adj. As opposed 
 to natural, produced by art; 
 also false or assumed, as the 
 effect of artifice. 
 
 Syn. Invented. Fictitious. Fabricated. 
 Concocted. Contrived. Deceptive. ArtfuL 
 Affected. Unnatural. Constrained. As- 
 sumed. 
 
 Ant. Natural. Inartificial. ' Genuine. 
 Spontaneous. Transparent Artless. Un- 
 affected. See ArtfuL. 
 
 Ascend, v. int. Ascendere. 
 
 Syn. Rise. Mount Soar. 
 Ant. Fall. Descend. Sink. 
 
 Ascendancy, n. From ascend. 
 Elevation or superiority of po- 
 sition. 
 
 Stn. Superiority. Advantage. Mastery 
 OonttoL Influence. Supremacy. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 37 
 
 Art. Inferiority. Disadvantage. Sub- 
 jection. Depression. Humiliation. Servl- 
 todo. Subordination. 
 
 ASCERTAIK, V. tr. Cernere, to 
 discern. Certus. To bring to 
 clearness or certainty, as the re- 
 sult of investigation. 
 
 SvN. Prove. Verify. Discover. Con- 
 firm. 
 
 Ant. Guess. Conjecture. Surmise. Sup- 
 pose. Presume. 
 
 AsciTiTious, adj. See Adsci- 
 titious. 
 
 Ascribe, v, tr. Ad and scrihere, 
 to write. To account for one 
 thing by another, as its cause or 
 the subject in which it recedes, 
 or to which it appertains. 
 
 SvN. Assign. Attribute. Refer. Im- 
 pute. Render. 
 
 Ant. Deny. Refuse. Exclude. Disso- 
 ciate. Disconnect. Dissever. 
 
 Askant, adv. Dutch. Conn, 
 with Squint. 
 
 Stn. Awry. Askew. Obliquely. A»- 
 quint. Aslant. 
 
 Ant, Straigbtforwards. RectilineaUy. 
 Ahead. Forwards. Straight. 
 
 Aspect, n. Aspicere, to look. 
 The exposed or presented side of 
 things, persons, or ideas. 
 
 SrN. Front. Face. Phase. Side. Ap- 
 pearance. Presentation. Exhibition. Ex- 
 posure. 
 
 Ant. Back. Obverse. Rear. 
 
 Asperity, n. Asper, rough. 
 Hence by analogy roughness of 
 sound or taste, and metaphori- 
 cally harshness and disagreeable- 
 ness of feeling, character, or 
 manner. 
 
 SvN. Acerbity. Harshness. Acrimony. 
 Bitterness. Sharpness. Sourness. Rough- 
 ness. 
 
 Ant. Mildness. Softness. Sweetness. 
 Gentleness. Pleasantness. Smoothness. 
 
 AsPEEai, V. tr. Aspergere, asper- 
 sus, to sprinkle. By usage, to be- 
 sprinkle with ill words or be- 
 spatter with slander. 
 
 Stn. Slander. Calumniate. Bespatter. 
 6#>cL Defy. Attacl?. Pefame. VUlty. 
 
 Ant. Clear. Defend. Eulogize. Vin- 
 dicate. Uphold. Shelter. Shield. Vr^leo. 
 Laud. ExtoL 
 
 Aspiration, n. Ad and spi' 
 rare, to breathe or sigh. A long- 
 ing desire after a higher object. 
 
 Stn. Longing. Desire. Aim. Hope. 
 Ambition. Appetition. Effort. Endeavour 
 
 Ant. Apathy. Indifference. Aimless^ 
 ness. Dulness. Inertia. Callousness. 
 Carelessness. Aversion. Avoidance. Re- 
 jection. Repudiation. 
 
 Assail, v. tr. See Assault. 
 Fr. Assaillir. Lat. Satire, to 
 leap. 
 
 Assault, n. Assault is an 
 active and violent attack by 
 words or deeds; a recourse to 
 violence. 
 
 Stn. Attack. Onset Aggression. On- 
 slaught. 
 
 Ant. Defence. Resistance. Repulsion. 
 Retaliation. Undermining. Sapping. Stra- 
 tagem. 
 
 Assay, v. tr. and int. From 
 exagium, a balance. Ex and 
 agere, to bring out the weight of a 
 thing. Com. Examen for exag- 
 men, whence examination. 
 
 Stn. Try. Endeavour. Prove. Test, 
 Ant. Survey. Coryecture. Guess. Scaa 
 
 Assemble, v. tr. and int. See 
 Assembly. 
 
 Assembly, n. Ad and simu- 
 lare, from simul, to bring toge- 
 ther. Fr. Assemble, ensemble. 
 
 Syn. Meeting. Assemblage. Concourse. 
 Gathering. Convention. Union. Aggre- 
 gate. 
 
 Ant. Dispersion. Dissipation. Disrup* 
 tion. Disunion. 
 
 Assent, n. Assentire. Sentio, 
 I feel, or think. 
 
 Syn. Agreement. Coincidence. Concert. 
 Acknowledgment. Acquiescence. Approval 
 
 Ant. Dissent. Disagreement Differ- 
 ence. Disavowal. Repudiation, Declen- 
 sion, Disclaimer. Protest. 
 
 Absent, v. int. See Assent, n, 
 
 Asskbt, V, tr. Ad and serere,, 
 
 to weave or bind, ^o bin4 9 
 
38 
 
 Synonytis and Antonyms, 
 
 etatement on to a thing, to declare 
 plainly or strongly, as to assert a 
 right. 
 
 Stn. Asseverate. Declare. Pronounce. 
 Depo.se. Maintain. State. Aver. Avow. 
 Avouch. * 
 
 Ant. Deny. Contradict. Contravene. 
 Waive. Abandon. 
 
 Asseverate, v. tr. To assert 
 Btrongly. Possibly from severus, 
 OS it were a rigid statement, but 
 more probably a corruption of 
 separare, a distinct and specific 
 assertion. 
 
 ^7- }^.e Assert. 
 
 Assiduity, n. Ad and sedere, 
 to sit. The long and close sitting 
 to a task. 
 
 Stn. Attention. Perseverance. Pains. 
 Patience. Exertion. Labour. Application. 
 Effort. Intentnees. Constancy. Sedulous- 
 ness. Diligence. 
 
 Ant. Indolence. Remissness. Desultorl- 
 oess. Inattention. Inconstancy. 
 
 Assiduous, a^/. ^ee Assiduity. 
 
 Assign, v. tr. Ad sigimm, a 
 mark. To mark out, specify, or 
 intrust, as to assign a cause, or 
 to assign the custody of a thing 
 to a person. 
 
 Syn. Attribute. Apportion. Refer. Spe- 
 cify. Consign. Intrust. Commit. 
 
 Ant. Withhold. Withdraw. Retain. 
 Resume, Refuse. Disconnect. Dissociate. 
 
 Assimilate, v. tr. Ad and 
 similis, like. To liken ; that is, 
 either in the mind by comparison, 
 or physically by incorporation. 
 
 SvN. Compare. Liken. Match. Engross. 
 Identify. Incorporate. Absorb. Appro- 
 priate. 
 
 Ant. Separate. Segregate. Part, Con- 
 trast Reject 
 
 Assistance, n. Ad by, and 
 sistere, to stand. 
 
 Srx. Help. Aid. Countenance, Sup- 
 port. Abcitance. Protection. Malme- 
 n-anoe. Ooa^Jutorshlp. 
 
 Ant. Resistance. Obstruction. Counter- 
 •ction. Opposition. Antagonism. Draw- 
 back. Clog. Preventive. 
 
 Assoc J ATP V. tr. S(Kiiis. A 
 
 companion habitually and on 
 equal terms. 
 
 Stn. Companion. Ally. Coadjutor. 
 Friend. Consort Comrade. Partner. Help* 
 mate. 
 Ant. Rival. Alien. Foe. Antagonist 
 
 Association, n. See Asso- 
 ciate. Has the meaning of the 
 process, and also the result, of 
 bringing together into alliance a 
 companionship. It is used of 
 mental as well as material things, 
 and of two or more. 
 
 Syn. Union. Connection. Conjunction. 
 Consortment. Companionship. Alliance. 
 Familiarity. Friendship. Community. Mem- 
 bership. Society. Company. 
 
 Ant. Disunion. Disconnection. Estrange- 
 ment. Separation, Severance. Avoidance 
 Independence. Disruption. Dismember- 
 ment. Solitude. Individuality. 
 
 Assuage, v. tr. Ad and suavis, 
 sweet. To soften, as grief or 
 rage. 
 
 Syn. Mitigate. Soothe. Soften, Con 
 sole. Moderate. Pacify. Lenify. 
 
 Ant. Exasperate. Excite. Increase. 
 Stimulate. Incite. Provoke. Inflame. 
 Embitter. Aggravate. 
 
 Assuagement, n. See As- 
 suage. 
 
 Assume, v. tr. Ad and sumere, 
 to take. To take to one's-self, 
 either simply so, or for the sake 
 of appearance ; or mentally as a 
 thing proved, though as yet it be 
 uncertain. 
 
 Syn. Take. Appropriate. Wear. Ex- 
 hibit Postulate. Suppose. Presume. 
 
 Ant. Render. Surrender. Concede. 
 Grant. Allow. Waive. Doff. Abandon. 
 Argue. Demonstrate. Prove. 
 
 Assumption, n. See Assume, 
 with the additional sense of 
 pride, arrogance, conceit ; or 
 taking to one's self more than 
 due to one's character or place. 
 
 Assurance, n. Follows the 
 above meanings with the addi- 
 tional one of such a manner as 
 indicates the extreme of tbip 
 (segs^ of s^lf-seciwug, 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Stk. Arrogance. Boldness. Impudence. 
 Sell-confidence, Self-reliance. Self-assertion. 
 
 Ant. Distrust. Timidity. Bashfulness. 
 Misgiving. Self-distrust. Consternation. 
 Dismay. Alann. 
 
 Absubb, 'u, tr. Ad and securus, 
 secure, sure. Free from care or 
 doubt. To seek to confirm in 
 another the certainty of a fact, 
 or the inducement to dismiss 
 anxiety about himself. 
 
 Stn. Advise. Advertise. Promise. In- 
 form. Rally. Console. Encourage. Coun- 
 tenance. Aid. Support. Uphold. Con- 
 vince. Certify. 
 
 Ant. Misinform. Misadvise. Mislead 
 Deceive. Discomlit. Disconceit. Discou- 
 rage. Deter. Warn. Dissuade. Unsettle. 
 Intimidate. 
 
 Astonish, v. tr. Astound. 
 
 Ad and tonitus, thunder. Comp. 
 Stun. To strike as if with thun- 
 der,; to make thunder; struck 
 with surprise. 
 
 Syn. Startle. Surprise. Confound. Alarm. 
 Terrify. Scare. Dumb-founder. Electrify. 
 
 Ant. Rally. Encourage. Assure. Em- 
 bolden. 
 
 Astonishment, n. See Asto- 
 nish. 
 
 Astray, adj. A and stray. 
 Fr. Estrayer, from extra, witli- 
 out, and vagari, to wander. 
 Comp. Extravagant. 
 
 Syn. Loose, Abroad. About. Missing. 
 At large. Wrong. Erring. Wandering. 
 Ant. Right. Close. At home. Safe. 
 
 Astute, adj. Astus, craft. 
 
 Syn. Crafty. Shrewd. Knowing." Sharp. 
 Discriminating. Sagacious. Acute. Pene- 
 trating. 
 
 Ant. Dull. Unobserving. Undiscriminat- 
 ing. Stolid. Asinine. Anserine. Blind. 
 
 Asunder, adv. Germ. Son- 
 dern^ to divide. 
 
 Syn. Apart. Separate. Divided. Dis- 
 united. In twain. 
 
 Ant. In one. Close. Together. United. 
 
 Atonement,^?. At-one-ment. 
 The reconciliation of two parties ; 
 the making two to be as it were 
 one; eithei* the process or the 
 tai^trainent of this. 
 
 Syn. Rec»nciliation. Expiation. Sati»- 
 faction. 
 
 Ant. Alienation. Separation. Estrange- 
 ment. Enmity. Division. Offence. Trans- 
 gression. 
 
 Atrocious, adj. Lat. atrox. 
 Applied both to the disposition 
 and the deeds to which it gi\ea 
 
 rise. 
 
 Si-N. Monstrous. Nefarious. Enormous. 
 Shameful. Heinous. Flagrant. Facinoroua. 
 Flagitious. Cruel. 
 
 Ant. Laudable. Noble. Generous. 
 Honourable. Humane. Admirable. Chival- 
 rous. 
 
 Attach, v. tr. Fr. attacker, 
 Celt, tuc, Eng. tack, a nail or 
 fastening. To attach the person 
 is the phrase in civil, which coj- 
 responds with arrest in criminal, 
 cases. It is in this sense a legal 
 attack, which is the same word. 
 It is used of the bonds of love 
 and friendship. Sincerely at- 
 tached. 
 
 Syn. Fasten. Apply. Append. Unite. 
 Tie. Connect. Conjoin. Conciliate. At- 
 tract. Win. Bind. 
 
 Ant. Unfasten. Loose. Disunite. Un- 
 tie. Disconnect. Detach. Alienate. RepeL 
 Estrange. 
 
 Attachment, n. See Attach. 
 
 Attack, v. tr. Same word as 
 attach; but as the former be- 
 came in Fr. attacker, so the latter 
 attaquer,^ from the Celtic tac, or 
 nail, which, as it is regarded as 
 an object of striking or a means 
 of fastening, would suggest the 
 ideas of attach or attack. 
 
 We may attack persons with 
 weapons or words, or opinions, 
 with the weapons of controversy ; 
 or an army may attack a country 
 or a city. 
 
 Syn. Assail. Assault. Invade. Besiege. 
 Contravene. Impugn. 
 
 Ant. Defend. Resist. Repel With- 
 stand, on one's own part, or for another 
 Protest. Support. Aid. SbieW, PphoM 
 Vindicate. Shelter. 
 
40 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 Stw. Assault. Invasion. Aggression. 
 OMlaught. Onset 
 
 Ant. Defence, Resistance. Repulse. 
 Protection. Aid. Vindication, Support 
 Maintenance, Shelter, 
 
 Attain, v. int. Attinere. To 
 reach, so as to get hold. It im- 
 plies sustained effort, or at least 
 movement, in an uniform direc- 
 tion, and is sometimes used as 
 int., being followed by the prep. 
 to. 
 
 Syn. Roach. Extend. Master. Obtain. 
 Acquire. Secure. Grasp. Gain. 
 
 Ant. Lose. Fail. Forfeit Miss. Abandon. 
 Resign. 
 
 Attainment, n. See Attain. 
 Add also the peculiar sense of 
 mental attainments, 
 
 Stn, Acquirements. Accomplishments. 
 Information. 
 
 Ant. Intuition. Inspiration. Genius. 
 
 Attemper, v. tr. Ad and tem- 
 perare. To bring a thing to a 
 state of internal or external har- 
 mony or consistency. 
 
 Syn. Moderate. Subdue. Compound. 
 Commingle. Adapt Adjust Harmonize. 
 Modify. Blend. Attune. Mould. Work. 
 Mix. Medicate. Amalgamate. Accommo- 
 date. 
 
 Ant. Discompose. Confuse. Spoil Mar. 
 Aggravate 
 
 Attempt, v. tr. Attentare, 
 freq. of tendo, to reach or stretch. 
 To try generally or specifically, 
 as a trial against another's safety 
 or life. In the former case, it is 
 followed by the infinitive, in the 
 latter, by the accusative. 
 
 Stn. Try. Endeavour. Strive. Seek, 
 Essay, Attack. Force. Violate. 
 
 vVnt. Abandon. Disrcgar.d. Pretermit 
 Dismiss. Neglect Shun. Drop. 
 
 Attempt, n. See verb. 
 
 Ati'BND, v. Attendere, animum. 
 To stretch the mind m a specific 
 direction. To be attentive. 
 Hence, actively, to make another 
 the object of attention, which is 
 called attendance ; hence, again, 
 JB a wide? sens§, to accompany, 
 
 as said of anything naturally co- 
 incident or concurrent with an- 
 other, as pain commonly attends 
 disease. 
 
 Stn. Listen. Heed. Notice. Observe. 
 
 Watch. Accompany. Consort Follow 
 Imply. Involve. 
 
 Ant. Wander. Disregard. Leave 
 
 Abandon. Forsake. Desert Exclude, 
 Neutralize. 
 
 Attention, n. See Attend. 
 
 Syn. Observatioiu Notice. Regard. Con- 
 sideration. Study. Vigilance. Care. 
 
 Ant. Disregard. Inadvertence. Remiss- 
 ness. Indifference. Carelessness. Abstrac- 
 tion, Distraction. Absence. 
 
 Attentive, adj. See Attention. 
 
 Attenuate, v. tr. Ad and 
 tenuiSyfine, also thin. Hence the 
 word has the two meanings of 
 elongating and fining down or 
 wearing away ; hence it runs out 
 into apparently opposite mean- 
 ings, namely, 1, to prolong, and, 
 2, to contract. 
 
 Syn. Educe. Elongate. Fine-draw. 
 Narrow. Contract Reduce. Diminish. 
 Compress. 
 
 Ant. Broaden. Increase. Expand. Swell 
 Dilate. Enlarge. Develope. Amplify. 
 
 Attest, v. tr. Testis, a witness. 
 To evidence by, or so strongly as 
 if by, a witness. 
 
 To attest a statement may 
 mean either to bring another, or 
 the authority of another, as a 
 witness of its truth, or to vouch 
 for it one's self, in the capacity of 
 a witness. It is used also of the 
 inherent evidence which belongs 
 to things mutually related, as, 
 majestic ruins attest former mag- 
 nificence. 
 
 Syn. Vouch. Aver. Assert Affirm. 
 Evidence. Support. Testify. Confirm. 
 Prove. Involve. Suggest Demonstrate. 
 Imply. Establish. Bespeak. 
 
 Ant. Deny. Controvert Contradict 
 Contravene. I)isprove. Disestablish. Ex- 
 clude. Neutralize. Upset. Refute. Op- 
 pign. 
 
 AfTPii;, n. Old fr. aUirer^ 
 
Synonyms a'%d Antonyms, 
 
 41 
 
 Bjhod, tier, still in use. Com p. i 
 tho tiers, rows, or ranks of a 
 theatre. Comp. also tiara. The 
 wcrd originally applied to the 
 ornamentation of the head by 
 tiers or bands ; thence extended 
 to the dress generally, not, how- 
 ever, to cheap or common cloth- 
 ing. So, 'gorgeously attired,' 
 but, ' mqanly clad.' 
 
 Syn. Robes. Garments, Vestments. 
 Clothing. Apparel. Accoutrement. Livery. 
 Uniform. Costume. 
 
 Ant. Nudity. Divestment. Denudation. 
 Exposure. Bareness. Disarray. Dishabille. 
 Tatters. Rags. Patches. Shreds. 
 
 Attitude, n. Actitudo, actus. 
 A state of internal harmony or 
 external correspondence. 
 
 If the former, it is that com- 
 position of the hmbs which fitly 
 expresses the correspondent pos- 
 ture of the mind or feelings, ex- 
 cept where it is taken in the 
 abstract, as simply equivalent to 
 posture. If the latter, it is such 
 a placement of them as shall 
 suit some external purpose, as, 
 an attitude of attention, defiance, 
 or defence. It is a condition of 
 rest, as opposed to movement. 
 
 Syn. Posture. Position. Composition. 
 Collocation. Aspect. Pose. Lie. 
 
 Ant. Evolution. Exercise. Deportment. 
 Bearing. [Movement. Manoeuvre. Gesti- 
 culation. Gesture. 
 
 Attract, v. tr. Ad and tra- 
 here. To draw by physical in- 
 fluence. When taken metaphori- 
 cally, it is used both for the pro- 
 cess of drawing by love or admi- 
 ration, and also for the qualities 
 which produce the attraction. 
 Thus we might say of beauty, 
 that it influences by attraction, 
 and also that it is itself an attrac- 
 tion. 
 
 Stn. Draw. Influence. Induce. Iodine. 
 Diapoee. Tempt. Prompt. Allure. 
 
 Akt. RepeL Deter. Indispose. IMsio- 
 ({ii^ K^trw^e. Alienate. 
 
 Attraction, n. See Attract. 
 
 Syn. Inducement. Influence, Adduc- 
 tion. Inclination. Disposition. Charm. 
 Beauty. Allurement. 
 
 Ant. Repulsion. Disinclination. India- 
 position. Aversion. Deformity. Repug- 
 nance. 
 
 Attractive, adj. See Attract. 
 
 Syn, Winning. Alluring. Tempting. 
 Enticing. Interesting. Charming. Pleasant. 
 Beautiful. Agreeable. 
 
 Ant. Unattractive. Uninteresting. Re- 
 pugnant. Repulsive. Unpleasant. Dis- 
 agreeable. Deformed. Ugly. Loathsome. 
 Forbidding. Deterrent. 
 
 Attribute, v. tr. Ad and 
 tribuo, I bestow. To refer ono 
 thing to another, as its cause. 
 
 Syn. Assign, Refer. Apply. Cotmect. 
 Associate, 
 
 Ant. Divorce. Disconnect. Dissociate. 
 Dissever. 
 
 Attribute, n. See Attribute, 
 V. Either a quality, simply, or. 
 as illustrative of the subject in 
 which it resides. 
 
 Syn. Property. Quality. Characteristic. 
 Sign. Mark. Indication. Manifestation. 
 
 Ant. Its correlative, viz. Essence. Na- 
 ttu-e. Substance, &c. Or, spuriously, AflFec- 
 tation. Misnomer. Semblance. Mask. 
 Veil. Assumption. 
 
 Attribution, n. See Attri- 
 bute, V. 
 
 Attrition, n. Atterere, part, 
 attritus. Lit. a wearing. Met. 
 a wearing sense of guilt. 
 
 Syn. Sorrow. Repentance. Affliction. 
 Penitence. Compunction. Remorse. Self- 
 reproach. 
 
 Ant. Impenitence. Callousness. Ob- 
 duracy. ReprcHation. Relentlessness. 
 
 Attune, v. tr. To make to be 
 in tune or tone. Either abso- 
 lutely or in accordance with an- 
 other. So, we may attune either 
 the note or the instrument. Me- 
 taphorically used of sentiment, 
 as, a mind well-attuned; man's 
 will attuned to the Divine. 
 
 Syn. Temper. Attemper. Harmoniu. 
 Adjust. Accommodate. 
 
 Ant. Unstring. Disharmonize Disar* 
 range. Discompose. Tislocate. Diatiyrt 
 Pisconcert. 
 
42 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Audacious, adj. Audax, au- 
 dere, to dare. 
 
 Sto. Adventurous. Venturesome. Rash. 
 Bold. Daring. Reckless. Enterprising. 
 
 Ant. Timid. Cowardly. Cautious. In- 
 adveoturons. Unventuresome. Unenter- 
 prising. 
 
 Audacity, n. See Audacious. 
 
 Si^N. Boldness. Rashness. Temerity. 
 Recklessness. Hardihood, 
 
 Ant. Caution. Self-preservation. Ti- 
 midity. Calculation. Forethought. Fore- 
 sight. Diffidence. Itadventurousness. 
 
 Augment, v. t)\ See Augment- 
 ation. 
 
 Augmentation, n. Augere, to 
 increase. The process of increase. 
 The stato of increase, and the 
 thing itself added. 
 
 Syn. Increase. Enlat^ement. Ampllii- 
 cation. Supply. Enrichment. Enhance- 
 ment. Addition. Acquisition. Improve- 
 ment. 
 
 Ant. Deduction. Detraction. Diminu- 
 tion. Contraction. Withdrawal. Reserva- 
 tion. Expenditure. Loss. Waste. Detri- 
 ment. Deterioration. Impoverishment. 
 Reduction. Curtailment. 
 
 Augmentative, adj. See Aug- 
 mentation. / 
 
 Augury, n. Avis, a bird. The 
 augur was the Eoman public 
 officer who predicted, according 
 to the flights of birds or other 
 celestial phenomena, as the ha- 
 ruspex or auspex, from the ex- 
 amination of victims of sacrifice, 
 when auspicious, and inauspi- 
 cious. Hence to augur, in the 
 sense of predict. It is a super- 
 human and conjectural, as op- 
 posed to ordinary and scientific, 
 ascertainment. 
 
 SvN. Prophecy. Prediction. Prognosti- 
 cation. Conjecture. Omen. Divination. 
 Ant. Experience. Science. Observation. 
 
 August, adj. Awjustus, augere, 
 to increase, or heap. In a pecu- 
 liar sense, to honour, especially 
 by offerings, as, heaping gifts on 
 the altar; hence, sacred, divine, 
 %d4 imposing ; said of great poy- 
 
 sons, and their appearance and 
 acts. 
 
 Syn. Majestic. Dignified. Impoeiog. 
 Grand. Solemn. Exalted. 
 
 Ant. Mean. Undignified. Unimposing. 
 Common. Vulgar. Despicable. Unnotice- 
 able. Commonplace. Beggarly. Paltry. 
 
 Auspicious, adj. See Augury. 
 
 Syn. Propitious. Favourable, Encou- 
 raging. Satisfactory. Successful. Hopeful 
 Promising. 
 
 Ant. Unpropitious. Unfavourable. Dis- 
 couraging. Unsatisfactory. Unpromising 
 Inauspicious. Hopeless. Abortive. 
 
 Austere, ac//. Austerus. Rigid 
 in disposition or hfe. 
 
 Syn. Hard. Rigid. Stern. Severe. 
 Morose. Unrelenting. Unyielding. Strict 
 
 Ant. Mild. Affable. Kindly. Tender. 
 •Feeling. Bland. Indulgent. Genial. 
 
 Authentic, adj. Supposed to 
 be from dvros and Odvuv, to kill. 
 So that authentic would be 
 brought home to the perpetrator ; 
 hence brought home (the notion 
 of wrong-doing being omitted) 
 to the doer generally ; and hence, 
 having authority or verification. 
 
 Syn. Genuine. Veritable. Reliable. 
 True. Legitimate. Certain Accepted. 
 Current. Received. 
 
 Ant. Spurious. Unreliable. Apocry- 
 phal. False. Disputed. Exploded. Re- 
 jected. Counterfeit. Unfounded. Unau- 
 thorized. Baseless. Fabulous. Fictitious. 
 
 Authenticate, v. tr. See Au- 
 thentic. 
 
 Syn. Confirm. Establish. Verify. Settle. 
 Substantiate. Identify. 
 
 Ant. Contravene. Disprove. Disestablish. 
 Refute. Upset. 
 
 Author, n. Auctor, augere, to 
 increase. One who brings forth 
 from his resources, favourably 
 and unfavourably. 
 
 Syn. Creator. Producer. Originator 
 Parent. Cause. Agent. Maker. Com- 
 poser. Fabricator. Inventor. Constructor. 
 Committer. Perpetrator. Doer. 
 
 Ant. Annihilator. Destroyer. Demolisher. 
 Spoiler. Undoer. Reverser. 
 
 Authoritative, adj. See Au- 
 thor. Having authority, or ex- 
 ercising it, perhaps, too strongly. 
 
 Syn. Sure. Decisive. Conclusive. Ao- 
 Oiept^c. Powerftil. |»ote»^ Finq. Wo- 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 43 
 
 tatorial. Imperioui;. Arbitrary. Arrogant. 
 Ant. Weak. Inconclusive. Vague. In- 
 determinate. Indefinite. Vacillating. Un- 
 decisive. Bland. Conciliatory. Affable. 
 Lenient. Persuasive. 
 
 Authority, n. The principle 
 of authorship. iSee Author. 
 Rightfulness or truthfulness of 
 origination iji matters of state- 
 ment, or matters of government 
 or control. 
 
 Syn. Ground. Justification. Authen- 
 ticity. Genuineness. Decisiveness. Con- 
 clusiveness. Control. Jurisdiction. Go- 
 vernment. Direction. Regulation. Power. 
 Uight. 
 
 Ant. Groundlessness. Spuriousness. In- 
 iecision. Inconclusiveness. Inoperative- 
 ness. Incompetency. Weakness. Usurpa- 
 tion. Wrong. 
 
 Autocracy, n. See Auto- 
 cratic. 
 
 Autocratic, adj. dvros, Kpd- 
 TCLv. Euling of one's own will 
 and pleasure. 
 
 .Syn. Independent, Arbitrary. Despotic. 
 Irresponsible. Absolute. 
 
 Ant. Dependent. Subordinate. Re- 
 sponsible. Constitutional. Limited. 
 
 Auxiliary, ac?y. Helpful. Aux- 
 ilium, help. 
 
 The word has technical mean- 
 ings not here considered ; as, in 
 military matters, a force which 
 aids the line of battle, or the 
 auxiliary verb in grammar. 
 
 Syn. Helpful. Aiding. Abetting. Ac- 
 cessary. Promotive. Conducive. Assistant. 
 Ancillary. 
 
 Ant. Uiiassisting. Unconducive. Un- 
 promotive. Redundant. Superfluous. Ob- 
 structive. Retardative. Irrelevant. Cum- 
 Ijersome. 
 
 Avail, v. int. Valeo, I am 
 strong. There is a peculiar 
 phrase, to avail one's self of a 
 thing, as an implement or an 
 opportunity, the idea being that 
 of adding by it to one's strength 
 or resources. 
 
 Syn. Suffice. Hold. Stand. Endure. 
 Aaswer. TelL Profit. 
 
 4j<I, M, fm. Diaappoiflt. Betray. 
 
 Available, adj. See Avail. 
 Convertible into a resource. 
 
 Syn. Useful. Appropriable. Convertible 
 Attainable. Conducive. Applicable. Pro» 
 curable. Handy. 
 
 Ant. Useless. Inappropriate. Inappli- 
 cable. Unprocurable. Inconducive. Irre- 
 levant. Inoperative. Unavailable. 
 
 Avarice, n. Avar us, greedy. 
 
 Sy-n. Greed. Cupidity. Penuriousnesa. 
 Niggardliness. Miserliness. Stinginess. 
 Covetousness. Acquisitiveness. Rapacity. 
 Griping. 
 
 Ant. Large-heartedness. Unselfishness. 
 Liljerality. Bountifulness. Profusenesa. 
 Squander Prodigality. Extravagance. 
 Waste. 
 
 Avaricious, adj. See Avarice. 
 
 Avenge, V. ^r. Vindicare. To 
 vindicate one's self or one's rights, 
 or the person or rights of an- 
 other. Grammatically, we avenge 
 ourselves, avenge others, and 
 avenge ourselves upon others. 
 So, too, men revenge insults and 
 avenge themselves on account of 
 them. 
 
 Syn. Vindicate. Right. R«taliate. Visit. 
 Ant. Waive. Pardon. Forego. Con- 
 done. Remit. Forgive. Overlook. 
 
 Avenue, n. Fr. a.venir, Lat. 
 ad venire, to approach. 
 
 Syn. Approach. Adit. Entrance. Ac- 
 cess. 
 
 Ant. Exit Egress. 
 
 Aver, v. int. Verus, true. To 
 declare a thing as truth. It is 
 better followed by the word that 
 than directly by an accusative. 
 
 Syn. Assert. Asseverate. Affirm. De- 
 pose. Avouch. Protest. Oblipe. Declare. 
 
 Ant. Deny. Contradict. Contravene. 
 Disavow. Disclaim. Repudiate. Oppugn. 
 Gainsay. 
 
 Averse, adj. Averterc,aversits. 
 Turned away from an object it 
 taste or feeling. 
 
 Syn. Hostile. Disinclined. Indisposed. 
 Ant. Ready. Disposed. Eager. Prone. 
 Inclined. Desirous. 
 
 AvBBSiON, n. See Averse. 
 
 Syn. Hatred, Dislike. Repognsnct 
 Unwpgenjality. Abl^orrence. Ajt'Jpftlby 
 
44 
 
 Synotyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Ayt. IjOtc Desire. Affection. Liking. 
 Congeniality. Sympathy. Ardour. Eager- 
 neBS. Avidity. 
 
 Avidity, n. Avidus, rirecdy. 
 Greediness of disposition, or the 
 same thing manifested in de- 
 meanour. 
 
 Syn. Cupidity Avarice. Greed. I-ong- 
 Ing. Desire. Rapacity. Eagerness. 
 
 Ant. Coldness. Indifference. Apatliy. 
 Insensibility. Antlpatiiy. Nausea. Aver- 
 eion. Repugnance. Ijoathing. 
 
 Avocation, n. A, prefix, and 
 vocare, to call. A calling which 
 takes a man away from other 
 pursuits, and dedicates him to 
 one in particular, or, generally, 
 an occupation for the time call- 
 ing for his whole attention. It 
 is for advocation. 
 
 Syn. Profession. Calling. Lot. Busi- 
 ness. Employment. Pursuit. Line. 
 
 Ant. Holiday. Leisure. Idleness. Self- 
 abandonment Misemployment. 
 
 Avoid, v. tr. Prefix a, and 
 void, empty. 
 
 In Old English it meant, to 
 empty ; that is, to cause a void ; 
 but in modem usage, to cause a 
 void space, so far as we are con- 
 cerned, in reference to something 
 else, that is, to leave it. It would 
 have various synonyms, accord- 
 ing to the feeling or principle of 
 an avoidance. 
 
 Stn. Quit, Shun. Abandon. Desert. 
 Forsake. Relinquish. Fly. Eschew. 
 
 Ant. Seek. Court. Approach. Accost. 
 Address. Affect. 
 
 Avouch, v. tr. Fr. voucher, 
 Lat. advocare. To call or sum- 
 mon a witness. Practically, to 
 make a statement, with the posi- 
 tiveness of one who, if he had 
 the opportunity, would call wit- 
 nesses to it. 
 
 Sth. Aver. Protest Propound. As- 
 severate. Declare, Profess. 
 
 A»T. Deny. Contradict. Oppose. Con- 
 travene. Controvert. Oppugn. Gainsay 
 
 AYQWi Vt tr. a?l(i int. Vaverv^ 
 
 voturriy to vow. To declare with 
 an almost religious solemnity, as 
 that which might well-nigh be 
 made the subject of it. 
 
 Syn. and Ant. See Avouch. 
 
 Award, v. tr. A and guarder, 
 to look. Comp. Guard and Ward. 
 To apportion, after careful re- 
 gard to the nature of the case, or 
 the relative merits of individuals. 
 
 SvN. Assign. Apportion. Attribute. 
 
 Accord. Grant Distribute. Divide. Allot 
 
 Ant. Refuse. Withhold. Withdraw. 
 
 Retain. Misappropriate. Misapportion. 
 
 Aware, adj. Of northern 
 origin. Comp. Wary, Beware. 
 Possessing knowledge of facts. 
 
 Syn. Conscious. Sensible. Informed. 
 Certified. Assured. 
 
 Ant. Unconscious. Insensible. Unaware. 
 Ignorant Uninformed. 
 
 Away, adv. Saxon weg, conn, 
 with via; Lat. A way, tending, 
 or being out from, one's self. 
 
 Syn. Far. Afar. Separate. Detached. 
 Loose. Abroad. 
 Ant. Close. Near, 
 
 AwB, n. Word of northern 
 origin. 
 
 Syn, Fear. Dread, Veneration. Re- 
 verence. 
 
 Ant. Fearlessness. Contempt Fami- 
 liarity. Disrespect. Irreverence. 
 
 Awful, adj. See Awe. In 
 Old English meant feeling, but 
 now only inspiring awe. 
 
 Syn. Fearful. Terrible. Alarming. 
 Dreadful. Solemn, Portentous, Horrible 
 Horrific, 
 
 Ant, Innocuous. Informidable, Unim- 
 posing, Unastonishing. Commonplace 
 Uuuoticeable. Unalarming. Alluring. 
 
 AwmLK, adv. Sax. For a 
 while. 
 
 Syn. a little. Briefly. 
 Ant. Ever. Always. For ever. Ever- 
 more. 
 
 Awkward, adj. Sax. aweg. 
 Away, and the termination ward, 
 indicative of movement or direc- 
 tion. Swerving or swaying from 
 lilies of jegulative jnovemeiit. Jt 
 
Synonyms dnu Ant&nymi. 
 
 45 
 
 Ife eotoetimes lised colloquially of 
 things as well as persons, as, ' an 
 awkward affair.' 
 
 Stn. Ungainly, aownish. Oumsy. 
 Maladroit. Unhandy. Gawky. 
 
 Ant. Neat. Clev^^. Dexterous. Adroit. 
 Skilful. Handy. 
 
 AwEY, adv. A and wry, con- 
 nected with wreath and writhe, 
 wring, wrung, wrong. 
 
 Syn. Askew. Aslant. Atwist. Wrong. 
 Ant. Right. - Straight. True. Direct. 
 
 B. 
 
 Babble, v. int. and tr. Germ. 
 habbdn. It. babbolare. To utter 
 words confusedly, or in a drib- 
 bling monotony. For another 
 sense see Babbler. Poetically 
 applied to the monotonous mur- 
 mur of pebbly streams. 'Bab- 
 bling brooks.' 
 
 SiN. Prate. Prattle. Dribble. Twaddle. 
 Blab. Cackle. 
 
 Ant. Bawl. Enunciate. Vociferate. 
 Hush. Suppress. 
 
 Babbler, n. See Babble. The 
 want of regulative power lead- 
 ing to promiscuous babble, a 
 babbler tells what he ought to 
 reserve ; hence, a babbler is a 
 teller of secrets. 
 
 Syn. Blab. Chatterbox. Tattler. Tell- 
 tale. Gossip. 
 
 Ant. Confidant. Confessor. 
 
 Babbling, n. 
 
 Syn. Blabbing. Tattling. Cackling. 
 Prating. TalkatiTeness. Gossip. Loquacity. 
 Ganulity. 
 
 Ant. Reticence. Reserve. Secretiveness. 
 Closeness. Refrain. Incommunicativeness. 
 Taciturnity. 
 
 Babel, n. From babal, the 
 Hebrew for to covfound, or a con- 
 traction of Beth Baal, the house 
 or temple of Baal or Bel. It is 
 used from the Bible account of 
 the Tower of Babel, to stand for 
 confusion of tongues or talk 
 collectively. 
 
 Syn. Confusion. Hubbub. Clamour, 
 Jargon. Din. Discord. Clang. 
 
 Ant. Elocution. Articulation. DutvccU 
 nes3. Consecutlveness. Intonation. Enun- 
 ciation. Monotony. Unisonousness. 
 
 Backbiter, v. A slanderer of 
 persons behind their backs. 
 
 Stw. Traducer. Calumniator. Slandeier, 
 Detractor. Cynic. Defamer. Miiigner. 
 
 Ant. Vindicator. Upholder. Advocat*. 
 Palliator. Mitigator. Befriender. 
 
 Backslider, n. One who 
 slides or shuffles back, especially 
 from religious principle or pro- 
 fession. 
 
 Syn. Apostate. Renegade. Recreant 
 Abjurer. 
 
 Ant. Professor. Oonfessor. Adherent. 
 Zealot. Bigot. 
 
 Backsliding, n. See Back- 
 slider. 
 
 Backwardness, 7?. Tendency 
 to hold back ; specific or habitual. 
 
 Syn. Slowness. Shyness. Reluctance. 
 Hesitation. Unwillingness. Repugnance. 
 
 Ant. Forwardness. Readiness. Willing* 
 ness. Promptitude. Alacrity. 
 
 Backward, adj. See Back- 
 wardness. 
 
 Bad, adj. See Good. 
 
 Baffle, v. tr. Old Fr. beffer. 
 It. beffare, to disgrace or frus- 
 trate. Applied to persons and 
 designs. In Eng. to frustrate. 
 
 It has a frequentative force, 
 that, namely, of repeated skilful 
 counteraction. This follows, from 
 the nature of skill, to be versa- 
 tile, which demands versatility 
 of counterfoil. It is applied both 
 to persons and their eftorts or 
 
 Syn. Frustrate. Counteract. Defeat, 
 Perplex. Estop. Restrain. Mar. Upsei. 
 Counterfoil. Foil. Balk. Neutralize. 
 Dodge. 
 
 Ant. Aid. Abet. Point. Enforoa. 
 Assist. Promote. Advance. Encourage. 
 
 Bait, n. Connected with Bite. 
 An alluring morsel, often imply- 
 ing deception ii to dangoi. 
 
4f) 
 
 • Synonyms and Anionyms. 
 
 Syn. Morsel. Simre. Decoy. AUure- 
 flifltit. Enticement. Inducement- Decoy. 
 
 AST. Warning. Scarecrow. Dissuasive, 
 lleterrent. Prohibition. Intimidation, 
 r&reat 
 
 Balance, v. From Lat. hilanx, 
 hU, twice, or double, and lanx, a 
 
 {Hate. To weigh a thing abso- 
 utely or relatively, that is, to 
 ascertain its intrinsic weight or 
 value, or comparatively with 
 something else. 
 
 Syn. Weigh. Ppise. Counterpoise. Es- 
 timate. Pit Set. Redress. Adjust. 
 
 Ant. Tilt Cant. Upset Subvert 
 Overbalance. Mispoise. 
 
 Balderdash, n. Etymol. un- 
 certain. Frothy talk. 
 
 SvN. Gasconade. Rhodomontade. Bom- 
 bast Fustian. Flummery. Froth. 
 
 Ant. Sense. Wisdom. Logic, Reason. 
 Sobriety. Truthfulness. 
 
 Balk, v. tr. An old word sig- 
 nifying a beam or barrier. Ap- 
 plied to persons and their eflforts 
 or designs. 
 
 Syn. Bar. Thwart. Estop. Frustrate. 
 Foil. Stop. Prevent. Hinder. Neutralize. 
 Nullify. Mar. Counteract Disappoint 
 Defeart. Baffle. 
 
 Ant. Aid. Abet. Promote. Advance. 
 Encourage. Instigate. 
 
 Bandy, v. and adj. Bands was 
 the French name for a bent stick 
 or mace for playing at ball ; 
 hence the adjective, bandy, bent, 
 and the verb, bandy, to inter- 
 change, applied to the keeping 
 up of (especially frivolous) argu- 
 ment. 
 
 Syn. to verb. Interchange. Exchange. 
 Beciprocata Cross. Pass. 
 
 Ant. Quash. Silence. Drop. Burke, 
 Close. Stifle. Extinguish. 
 
 Banish, v. tr. Ban, a procla- 
 mation of outlawry or excommu- 
 nication. To put out of civil 
 protection. The root of the word 
 Abandon; so, generally, to put 
 decisively away f*rom one's pre- 
 sence or consideration. 
 
 Stn. Abandon. Expel. Dispul. i^ 
 Extrude. Exclude. Relegate. Expa.nate. 
 Repudiate. Disclaim. 
 
 Ant. Cherish, Foster. Protect En- 
 courage. Locate. Retain. Domiciliate. 
 Domea;icate. Consider. Entertain. Har- 
 hour. 
 
 Banquet, r, Fr. banquette, a 
 seat. A sitting meal, supposed 
 to be of an elegant, choice, or 
 luxurious character. 
 
 Syn. Feast Regalement Cheer. 
 Carouse. 
 
 Ant. Fast Abstinence. Starvation. 
 
 Banter, n. Supposed to be 
 another form of the Fr. badinajje. 
 A keeping up of playful talk, aa 
 distinguished from earnest speech 
 or argument, and often savour- 
 ing of personality. 
 
 Syn. Badinage. Chaff. Bandy. 
 
 Ant. Arg-ument Discussion. Discourse. 
 
 Barbarous, adj. The Greek 
 syllables bar bar were employed 
 to express strangeness of talk in 
 foreigners; hence, at first, bar- 
 barous among the Greeks meant 
 simply foreign ; but in Greek, 
 Latin, and English it came, by a 
 national tendency to regard our 
 own country as the centre of 
 civilization, to mean rude, un- 
 civilized, till, afterwards, it was 
 employed not only of country, 
 language, and manners, but also, 
 morally, of character and actions, 
 so that it came to mean almost 
 the same as savage; so, 'bar- 
 barous cruelty.' 
 
 Syn. Rude. Strange. Uncivilized. Out. 
 landish. tlncouth. Savage. Atrocious. 
 Flagitious. Nefarious. Unlettered. Gross. 
 
 Ant. Polite. Civilized. Refined. Hu- 
 mane. Urbane. 
 
 Bargain, n. Der., perhaps, 
 barca, a trading vessel. Comp. 
 Bark. To effect a transfer or 
 sale of goods. By usage, the 
 noun Bargain has come to be 
 taken for such transactions aa 
 are favourable to those who 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 47 
 
 effect teem ; otherwise the term 
 is qualified, as, ' a bad bargain.' 
 
 SrN. Transaction, Negotiation. Busi- 
 ness. Profit, Speculation. Gain. Hawk- 
 ing. Chaffer. Higgling. Haggling. 
 
 Ant. Loss. Misprofit 
 
 Base, adj. Gr. ^da-is. The 
 ground on which something 
 stands or moves. The floor. As 
 an adjective it expresses lowness, 
 and, metaphorically, of birth, of 
 intrinsic value, -of character, of 
 social estimation, of artistic ex- 
 cellence, or musical sounds. It 
 is seldom employed to signify 
 what is physically low in situa- 
 tion, but is sometimes so used, 
 as, the base story of a house. 
 
 SvN. Vile. Dishonourable. Low. Sordid. 
 Ignoble. Disesteenied. Cheap. Corrupt. 
 Deep. 
 
 Ant. Lofty. Exalted. Refined. Noble. 
 Esteemed. Honoured. Valued. Pure 
 Correct. Shrill. 
 
 Baseless, adj. See Base and 
 Groundless. 
 
 Bask, v. int. Akin to Bake. 
 To enjoy the sunshine of pros- 
 perity or comfort. 
 
 Syn. Luxuriate. Repose. lx)unge. 
 Dally. 
 
 Ant. Stir. Work, Toil. Slave. Drudge, 
 Labour, 
 
 Baste, v. tr. Origin uncertain. 
 
 Syn. Beat. Buffet. Cudgel. Pound. 
 , Ant. Soothe. Tickle. Caress. Stroke. 
 
 Battle, n. Fr. hattre. Eng. 
 heat. An open conflict. 
 
 Syn, Fight, Conflict, Engagement. 
 Encounter. 
 
 Ant, Peace. Truce. Pacification. Ar- 
 bitrament, Council, Mediation, 
 
 Bauble, n. Babiole. A baby's 
 plaything. The fool's bauble 
 was a stick with some oddity at 
 the end, as a bladder of beads, or 
 a head with an ass's ears. 
 
 Stn. Toy. Trifle. Plaything. Knick- 
 kuack. Gewgaw. Gimcnck. Kicksbaw^. 
 
 A^T. Valuable. Possession. Arqulsition 
 Gem, Ornament. DecoratioQ. , ewel. 
 
 Bawl, v. int. Fiom I^at. 
 balare, to hieat, 
 
 Syn. Shout. Vociferile. Halloo. Roar, 
 Bellow. 
 
 Ant. AVhisper. Mutter. Mumble. 
 Babble. 
 
 Bays, n. Crown of bay-leaves, 
 the symbol of achievement, used 
 for the achievement itself. 
 
 Syn. Laurels, Trophy. Prize. Pre- 
 mium. Achievement Success, Triumph, 
 Victory, 
 
 Ant, Failure. Defeat. Disgrace. Stigma. 
 Brand.. 
 
 Beaming, adj. Sax. Verb, to 
 beam, or send forth light. 
 
 Syn. Shining. Bright, Gleaming, 
 Radiant, Beautiful, Transparent. Trans- 
 lucid. 
 
 Ant. Dull Opaque, Dingy. Wan. 
 Matt, Beamless. 
 
 Bear, v. tr. Saxon. To carry, 
 first, physically, as a burden, 
 then, metaphorically, to carry, as 
 officially to bear a rank, title, or 
 office, to carry in the mind or 
 the feelings; to exhibit what is 
 so carried, as, to bear malice, or 
 testimony, to sustain, as a cha- 
 racter or part, to be able to 
 carry, so, to tolerate, to carry or 
 bring forth, as fruit or children. 
 
 Syn, Carry, Lift. Transport. Convey. 
 
 Sustain, Hold, Harbour, Entertain. Fill, 
 
 Enact. Endure. Admit, Produce, Gene- 
 rate. 
 
 Ant. Drop. Refuse. Decline. Resign. 
 
 ExpeL Eject. Resist, Repel. Protest 
 
 Resent. Reject. 
 
 Bearing, n. See Bear. The 
 mode of carrying one's self, that 
 is, behaving or seeming ; or, re- 
 flexively, the relative position of 
 an external object, as land to a 
 ship. 
 
 Syn. Behaviour. Manner. Aspect, 
 Appearance. Inclination^ Position, Direc- 
 tion. Course. 
 
 Ant. Misbehaviour. Misdirection. Mis- 
 observation. 
 
 Beat, v. tr. Sax. verb act. and 
 neuter, as, to beat the ground, 
 to beat time, a Ijeating heart 
 
48 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 hence, to beat successfully in 
 battle, and, generally, to over- 
 come. 
 
 Syn. Strike. Found. Batter. Tlirash. 
 Cudgel. Overcome. Defeat. Surpass. 
 Conquer. Worst. 
 
 Ant. Defend. Protect. Shield. Shelter. 
 Fall Surrender. Pat Stroke. Caress. 
 
 Beatitude, n. Beat us, blessed. 
 
 Syn. Blessedness. Bliss. Beatification. 
 
 Beautiful, adj. See Beauty. 
 Beautify, v. tr. See Beauty. 
 
 Syn. Decorate. Adorn. Embellish. Or- 
 nament. Deck. 
 
 From the rareness of the 
 quality of beauty comes the 
 cheapness of the term beautify ; 
 for, inasmuch as beauty must be 
 seldom imparted by art, the 
 word beautify, unable to sustain 
 its character, is more often used 
 disparagingly or satirically. 
 
 Akt. Deform. Spoil. Mar. Stain. De- 
 face. Disfigure. BefouL SoiL Denude. 
 Bare, Strip. 
 
 Beauty, n. Lat. hellits, pretty, 
 neat. The word has risen to ex- 
 press in the higher sense the 
 character of what is naturally, 
 personally, or artistically exqui- 
 site or fair. 
 
 Syn. Loveliness. Grace. Seemliness. 
 Comeliness. Fairness. Picturesqueness. 
 Exquioiteness. Embellishment. Adorn- 
 ment. 
 
 Akt. Foulness. Ugliness. Deformity. 
 Hideousness. Bareness. Unattractlveness. 
 
 Because, adv. By cause of, 
 physically, mentally, and mo- 
 rally. 
 
 SrN. Owing. Consequently. Accord- 
 ingly. 
 
 Ant, Irrespectively. Independently. 
 Unconnectedly. Inconsequenily. 
 
 Bkck, n. A nod. Sax. Conn, 
 with Beckon and Beacon, A nod 
 of intimation or of command, 
 taken for the power or command 
 itself. 
 
 Sy» Nod. Sign Signal. Piymbol. 
 Tcukea Uidicatlon. Authority. Orders 
 
 Instructions. Subserviency. Indttetide 
 Command. CalL Control. Mandate. 
 Abt. Independence. Ingubservience. 
 
 Become, v. tr. is coming well 
 to a person. But as propriety is, 
 where it can be attained, a matter 
 of obligation, it has a force of 
 moral necessity as well as fitness. 
 
 Stn, Befit. Grace. Beseem. Behove. 
 Akt, MisbeseeoL Misfit. Misbecome. 
 Disgrace. 
 
 Becoming, adj. See Become. 
 
 Stn. Beseeming. Comely. Seemly, Bt*' 
 fitting. Graceful. Decent. Suitable. Im> 
 proving. 
 
 Ant, Unbeseeming. Unseemly. Ui»* 
 comely. Unbecoming. Unbefitting. Un« 
 graceful. Indecent Unsuitable. Unim* 
 proving. Derogatory, 
 
 Bedaub, v, tr. Daub, conn, 
 with dab, to dab dirt upon. 
 
 SrN, Bespatter. BefouL Mar. iJls- 
 
 colour. Disfigure. Deface. Spoil. Soil. 
 Stain. Besmear. 
 
 Ant. Cleanse. Absterge. Purify. 
 
 Whiten. Decorate. Beautify. Embellish. 
 
 Bedeck, v. tr. See Deck. 
 
 Bedizen, v. tr., Bedizened, 
 part. Origin uncertain. To 
 dress tawdrily. 
 
 Syn, to part. Tawdry, Betinselled. 
 Gaudy. Flashy. Bespangled. 
 
 Ant. Adorned. liobed. Decorated. 
 Beautified. 
 
 Befall, v. int. To fall out to 
 one. The prefix he gives the 
 verb an active force. 
 
 Syn. Happen. Occur. Fall. Super- 
 vene. Betide. Bechance. 
 
 Ant. Miss, Pass. Spare. Pretermit 
 
 Befitting, adj. Fitting, as a 
 matter of suitableness generally, 
 or peculiar fitness to specific po- 
 sition, or circumstances, or in- 
 terests. 
 
 Syn, Fitting. Decent. Becoming. SulU 
 able. Appropriate. Consistent, Expe- 
 dient, Desirable, Proper. 
 
 Ant. Obligatory. Compulsory. Unbe- 
 fitting, Indecent Unbecoming, Unsuit* 
 able. Inappropriate, lucompatible. In- 
 expedient. Improper. 
 
 Bkpool, V, tr. To make a fool 
 of. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 49 
 
 Stw. Deceive. Illude. Cheat. Mystify. 
 Bftmboozle. Mislead. Ensnare. Hood- 
 wink. 
 
 Ant. Guide. Enlighten. Lead. Advise. 
 Undeceive. 
 
 Befoue, firep. and adv. For 
 or Fore. Lat. pro. Gr. iropfxo. 
 Applicable to time and place. 
 
 Syn. Precedently. Anteriorly. Ante- 
 cedently. 
 
 Ant. After. Afterwards. Subsequently. 
 Posteriorly. Later. Behind. 
 
 Befriend, v. tr. Tq keep or 
 support in any way as a friend. 
 Goth. 
 
 Stk. Assist. Countenance. Support. 
 Advocate. Promote. Protect. Defend. 
 
 Ant. Oppose. Discountenance. Thwart. 
 Withstand, Decry. Defame. Oppress. 
 Annoy. 
 
 Beg, v. tr. Supposed to be 
 from Bag. To ask as a mendi- 
 cant for his wallet. 
 
 Stn. Ask. Request. Entreat. Suppli- 
 cate. Beseech. 
 
 Ant. Insist. Exact. Extort. Require. 
 Demand. 
 
 Beggar, w. See Beg. 
 
 Syn. Mendicant. Suitor. Petitioner 
 Suppliant. Applicant. 
 
 Ant. Exactor. Extortioner. 
 
 Beggarly, adj. See Beggar. 
 
 Syn. Miserable. Poor. VVretched. 
 Stinted. Niggardly. Stingy. Scant. Il- 
 liberal. 
 
 Ant. Noble. Princely. Stately. Sump- 
 tuous. Liberal. Profuse. l\odigal. Mag- 
 nificent. Gorgeous. 
 
 Begin, v. tr. Sax. ginnan, to 
 cut. To make the first cut into 
 a thing ; also, neutrally, to com- 
 mence. 
 
 Syn. Initiate. Commence. Start. Pre- 
 pare. Arise. Inaugurate. 
 
 Ant. Achieve. Complete. Terminate. 
 Conclude. Consummate. Finish. Close. 
 End. 
 
 Beginner, w. See Begin. 
 
 Stn. Tyro. Novice. Learner. Pupil. 
 Neophyte. 
 
 Xsn. Adept. Expert Master. Au- 
 thority 
 
 Bboinning, n. See Begin. 
 
 Syw. Commencement Start. Origin. 
 
 Rise. Initiation- Preparation. Preface. 
 Prelude. Inauguration. Inception. 
 
 Ant. End. Close. Termination. Con- 
 clusion. Consummation. Completion. 
 
 Begrime, v. tr. A Northern 
 word conn, with Eime, hoar- 
 frost, but now applied, not to 
 white particles, but foul. See 
 Bedaub. 
 
 Beguile, v. tr. Guile, conn. 
 with wile, craft. See Befool. 
 
 Behalf, n. Contiguity to 
 one's own half or side, as against 
 other persons or other interests, 
 
 Stn. Side. Interest. Advantage. Aid. 
 Bestead. 
 
 Ant. See Bestead. 
 
 Behaviour, n., Behave. The 
 way in which a man has, pos- 
 sesses, or demeans himself gene- 
 rally, or on a specific occasion, 
 
 Syn. Conduct. Bearing. Demeanour. 
 Proceeding. Action. Comportment. De- 
 portment. 
 
 Ant. Misdemeanour. Misbehaviour. 
 Misconduct. 
 
 Behest, n. Sax. Literally, 
 that which is vowed or desired. 
 Now, by usage, commanded or 
 enjoined. 
 
 Syn. Injunction. Command. Instruc- 
 tion. Mandate. Commission. Trust. Re- 
 quirement. 
 
 Ant. Option. Liberty. Discretion, 
 Non-interference. 
 
 Behind, See Before. Hind; 
 whence Hinder. 
 
 Behold, v. tr. Hold, to fasten 
 the eyes on to an object continu- 
 ously. 
 
 Stn. Look. Gaze. Observe. Contem- 
 plate. See. Scan. Survey. 
 
 Ant. Overlook. Disregard. Ignora 
 Miss. Blink. Wink. Connive. 
 
 Beholden, adj. Fastened by 
 tics of obligation, and sometimes, 
 correspondently, of feeling. 
 
 Syw. Bound. Obliged. Indebted. 
 Thankful. Grateful 
 
 Ant. Unindebted. Unobliged, Unbotind 
 Z Qthankful, Ungrateful. 
 
60 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 e; 
 
 BsHOLDKR, n. See Behold. 
 
 Stw. Spectator. Observer. Bystander. 
 Witness. Looker-on. 
 Amt. See Behold 
 
 Belief, n. Same root as 
 Leave, in the sense of permission. 
 The mind believes a thing or 
 person, that is, leaves it, gives it 
 leave, or allows it to occupy the 
 ground taken up. Another sup- 
 position derives it from liehen, to 
 love or desire, as if it were 
 natural in some measure to credit 
 what we desire to be true. 
 
 Stn. Assent Faith. Trust. Credence. 
 Avowal. Assurance. Admission. Conces- 
 sion. Confidence. 
 
 Ant, Dissent. Unbelief. Distrust Mis- 
 iving. Denial. Disavowal. Rejection, 
 isbelief. 
 
 Bellicose, adj. Bellum, war. 
 
 Stn. Qnarrelsome. Pugnacious. Belli- 
 gerent. Irascible. Contentious. 
 
 Ant. Peaceful. Peaceable. Unquarrel- 
 some. Pacific. Unwarlike. Unexcitable. 
 Good-tempered. Genial. 
 
 Belligerent, adj. Bellum, 
 and gerere, to wage. Of warlike 
 or quarrelsome nature, or actu- 
 ally engaged in war. 
 
 Stn. See Bellicose. Add. Contending. 
 Engaging. Fighting. Opposed. Adverse. 
 Hostile. Conflicting. Rival. Ant^onist. 
 Assailant ^ 
 
 Ant. Neutral. Pacific. Peaceful. Re- 
 conciled. Appeased, Non-belligerent 
 
 Bellow, v. int. Sax. Conn, 
 with Bawl. See Bawl. 
 
 Belonging, adj., Belong. 
 Long. Lying parallel to, or 
 alongside; and so in any way 
 related or appertaining. 
 
 Stn. Related. Connected. Appertain- 
 ing. Cognate. Congenial. Obligatory. Ac- 
 companying. 
 
 A NT. Unrelated. Unconnected. Im- 
 pertinent. Irrelevant Alien. Uncon- 
 genial. Discretional Optional. Unin- 
 volved. Unimplied. Independent. 
 
 Beloved, adj. See Love. 
 
 Below, prep, and adv. Low. 
 Northern word, allied to Eng. 
 liie. 
 
 Stn. Under. Beneath. Adowit 
 Ant. Above. Over. Aloft. 
 
 Bend, v. tr. and int. Sax. 
 Ueed physically and metaphori- 
 cally. 
 
 Stn. Curve. Deviate. Incline. Tend. 
 Swerve. Diverge. Mould. Persuade. In- 
 fluence. Bias. Dispose. Direct. Stoop. 
 Condescend. Yield. Submit 
 
 Ant. Proceed. Continue. Extend. Ad- 
 vance. Stand, stiffen, Itesist Break, 
 Crush, 
 
 Beneath, adv. and prejy. 
 Neath, Germ, nieder, netlwr. 
 
 Syn, Below. Under. Underneath. A- 
 down. 
 
 Ant. Above. Over. Overhead. Aloft 
 
 Benediction, n. Bene dicere^ 
 to bless. Is official, or the result 
 of kind feeling or approval, or in 
 consequence of gratitude. 
 
 Stn. Blessing. Approval. Commenda- 
 tion. Benison. Gratitude. Thankfulness. 
 Thanksgiving. 
 
 Ant. Curse. Malediction. DisapprovaL 
 Censure. Obloquy. Execration, Ingrati- 
 tude, 
 
 Benefaction, n. Bene and 
 facere, to do well. Commonly by 
 some permanent gift, as distin- 
 guished from benefit. 
 
 Stn, Grant, Endowment Bequest. 
 Presentation. Favour. 
 
 Ant. Deprivation. Reservation. Dis- 
 favour. Disendowment. Confiscation. Pre- 
 sumption. 
 
 Benefactor, n. See Benefac- 
 tion, 
 
 Stn. Friend. Supporter. Contributor. 
 Upholder. Well-wisher. Well-doer. Fa- 
 vourer. Patron. 
 
 Ant. Foe. Opponent. Disfavourer. 
 Rival. Antagonist Backfriend, Oppressor. 
 
 Beneficial, hdj. See Bene- 
 faction, 
 
 Stn. Advantageous, Profitable. Whole- 
 some. Salutary. Salubrious. 
 
 Ant. Prejudicial. Noxioos, Unprofit* 
 able. Hurtful Detrimental 
 
 Beneficent, adj. See Bene- 
 fftction, 
 
 Stn, Bountiful. Benevolent Benignant 
 Ant, Hard. Uncommiserating. IlliberaL 
 
 Cibeneficent Griping, Cruel Oppre»< 
 
 gife. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 51 
 
 B'&iji f.FiT n . 6'ee Benefaction. 
 
 Sys. Boon. Advantage. Profit. Favour. 
 
 fliCBaillg. 
 
 Ant. Evil. Loss. Disadvantage. Detri- 
 mtnt. Damage. Calamity. Injury. Be- 
 reavement. Piivation. 
 
 Benevolence, n. Bene and 
 voh, I ivish well. 
 
 Syn. Kindness. Goodwill. Kindliness. 
 Benignity. Liberality. Beneficence. 
 
 Ant. Unkindness. Harshi:ess. Niggard- 
 liness. Barbarity. Maleficence. Malignity. 
 Illiberality. llhvill. Churlishness. 
 
 Sometimes the expression of 
 goodwill— a gift. » 
 
 Benevolent, adj. See Bene- 
 volence. 
 
 Benignant, adj. Benignus, 
 bene and genus, of good birth. 
 Gentle by birth and disposition ; 
 thence kind. See Benevolent. 
 
 Benison, n. See Benediction. 
 
 Bent. See Bend. Physical or 
 moral inclination. 
 
 SvN. Angle. Inclination. Direction. 
 Bias. Determination. Disposition. Inten- 
 tion. 
 
 Ant. Indisposition. Aversion. 
 
 Bequeath, v. tr., Bequest, t?. 
 Be and an Old English word, 
 meaning, to say, of which the 
 past tense only survives in the 
 word quoth. First, to adjudge 
 by word of mouth ; then, to de- 
 mise property orally; and, lastly, 
 to demise generally, or leave as a 
 gift at parting. 
 
 SiN. Give. Grant. Bestow. Impart. 
 r^eave. Demise. To noun. Legacy. In- 
 heritance. 
 
 Ant. Withhold. Alienate. To noun. 
 'JYansference. Abalienation. Disinheritance. 
 Dispossession. 
 
 Beriave, V. tr. Sax. Mean- 
 ing rob. Apphed to persons. 
 
 Syn. Rob. Deprive. Dispossess. Divest. 
 Impoverish. Reduce. Spoil. 
 
 Ant. Replenish. Compensate. Rcln- 
 iitate. Satisfy. Enrich. Benefit. 
 
 Beeeavement, n. See Bereave. 
 
 Syn. Deprivation. Loss. Affliction. 
 Destitution. 
 
 Ant. Gift, Blessing Donation. Bene- 
 faction. Compensation. Reparation. Re- 
 storation. Reinstatement. Restitution. 
 Substitution. Consolation. 
 
 Ant. See Benefaction and Benefit. 
 
 Bereft, jxirt. 
 
 Syn. Robbed. Deprived. Denied. Spoiled. 
 Destitute. 
 
 Ant. Endowed. Enriched. Compensated. 
 Consoled. 
 
 Beseech, v. tr. Seech, the 
 same as seek.. To seek another 
 in entreaty. Used of the thing 
 and the person. 
 
 SvN. Ask. l<>ntreat. Pray. Request 
 Supplicate. I'etition. Beg. 
 
 Ant. Insist. Demand. E.xact. Com- 
 mand. Intimidate. Coerce. 
 
 Beseem, v. tr. To seem or 
 look well upon. Said of moral 
 fitness or propriety. 
 
 Syn. Befit. Suit Belong. Appertain. 
 Ant. Unbeseem. Disgrace. 
 
 Beseeming, adj. See Beseem. 
 
 Syn. Befitting. Suitable. Belonging. 
 Appertaining. Consistent. Compatible. Re- 
 quisite. Decent. Graceful. 
 
 Ant. Unbefitting. Unseemly. Unsuit- 
 able. Improper. Indecent. Ungraceful. 
 
 Beset, v. tr. Set, sedeo. Comp. 
 Sit. 
 
 Syn. Hem. Surround. Environ. Be« 
 leaguer. 
 
 Ant. Liberate. Abandon. 
 
 Beside, prep., Besidks, adv. 
 By the side ; the primary notion 
 being proximity, and the second 
 extraneousness or addition. 
 
 Syn. Close. Near. Alongside. Addi- 
 tionally. Over and alxjve. Together. More- 
 over. 
 
 Ant. Separate. Apart, Inclusively. 
 
 Besiege, v. tr. Fr. siege. Lat. 
 sedere. To sit down before a 
 fortified place. 
 
 Syn. Beset. Beleaguer. Invest. Sit. 
 Ant. Abandon. (Phrase ' raise the 
 siege.') 
 
 Besmear, v. tr. Sax, See Be- 
 daub. 
 
 Besotted, adj. Sax, Steeped 
 in drink ct prejudice. 
 
 Syn. Stupefied. Intoxicated. 
 Steeped, Drenched, Stupid. 
 Gross. Prejudiced. 
 
 E A 
 
 Drunk. 
 Doltieb 
 
52 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Ar.T. Solier. Tenjijeratt". Clear. Un- 
 biassed. Unprejudiced. Knlightencd. Re- 
 fined. 
 
 Bespatter, v. tr. Conn, with 
 spit and sputter. Metaphor., to 
 vilify. 
 
 SvN. Besprinkle. Befoul. Bedaub. Re- 
 vile. Vilify. Asperse. 
 
 Ant. Absterge. Sponge. Cleanse. 
 Purily. Vindicate. Defend. Clear. 
 
 Bespeak, v. tr. Has the double 
 sense of ordering beforehand, 
 and of giving evidence. 
 
 Syn. Itetoken. Foreorder. Forestall. 
 ftovide. I'rearrange. Indicate. Evidence. 
 Ant. Belie. Resign. Counteiinand. 
 
 Bestead, v. tr. Be and stead, 
 a place. Comp. Instead. In the 
 place of; to arrange for conveni- 
 ence or benefit, and so to serve. 
 
 Syn. Convenience. Uphold. Assist. 
 Serve. Accommodate. Benefit. 
 
 Ant. Thwart. Damage. Incommode. 
 Oppose. Injure. 
 
 Bestead, n. 
 
 Syn. Interest. Behalf. Part Side. Ad- 
 vantage. Benefit. 
 
 Ant. Injury. Disadvantage. Opposition. 
 Detriment. Damage. 
 
 Bestir, v. tr. Commonly used 
 reflexively for, to stir one's self. 
 See Stir. 
 
 Bestow, v. tr. Sax. stov, a 
 place for deposit. First, to place 
 in its own appointed repository ; 
 thence, and now exclusively, to 
 make another the receptacle, that 
 is, to give. 
 
 Syn. Confer. Give. Present. Award. 
 
 Ant. Withhold. Withdraw, Reserve. 
 Alienate. Transfer. Claim. Appropriate. 
 Usurp. Seize. 
 
 Betide, v. tr. Sax. Tide, 
 meaning time, as, "Whitsuntide. 
 To befall in season ; thence, to 
 befall generally. 
 
 Syn. Befall. Occur. Happen. 
 Ant. See BefalL 
 
 Betimes, adv. By good time. 
 
 Syn. Early. Beforehand. Readily. Pre- 
 paredly. 
 
 Ant. Late. Behiudhand. Slowly. Slug- 
 gishly. Belatedly. 
 
 Betoken, v. tr. To give evi- 
 dence by token, which was any 
 kind of indication or mark. The 
 word is connected with teach. 
 
 Si'N. Teach. Indicate. Proclaim. K\\- 
 dence. Manifest. Imply. Involve. De- 
 clare. 
 
 Ant. Misindicate. • Mislead. Misteach. 
 Misdeclare. Belie... Mask. Hide. 
 
 BenrUAY, v. tr. Tradere, to de- 
 livei\ To bring to light either 
 persons or interests, which it 
 was a duty to serve confidentially 
 or honourably ; or, by an exten- 
 sion of its usage, to indicate; 
 though even here there is com- 
 monly an implied exposure of 
 something unfavourable. 
 
 SiN. Deceive. Delude. Circumvent. 
 DuiH?. Ensnare. Dishonour. Indicate. 
 Manifest. Reveal. 
 
 Ant. Protect. Preserve. Guaid. Con- 
 serve. Foster. Cherish. Fence. Cover. 
 Conceal. Siipprejis. 
 
 Between, Betwixt, adv. and 
 prep. See Amidst. 
 
 Bevy, ^'- Origin uncertain; 
 but applied only to ladies, ex- 
 cept, as by sportsmen, to larks 
 and quails, A fair assemblage. 
 
 Stn. Assembly. Parterre. Galaxy 
 Constellation. Flock. 
 
 Ant. Gang. Crew.* Herd. Mob. 
 
 Bewail, v. tr. Wail, a word 
 of Northern origin, probably 
 formed in imitation of a cry of 
 gi-ief. 
 
 Syn. Lament. Deplore. Bemoan. Rue, 
 Ant. Exult. Hail. Rejoice. Greet. 
 Welcome. 
 
 Beware, v. Ware, conn, with 
 wary. Used only in the impera- 
 tive and infinitive moods. 
 
 Syn. Care. Refrain. Consider. Heed 
 Look. Fear. Avoid. 
 
 Ant. Overlook. Ignore. Neglect. Brave. 
 Dare. Incur, 
 
 Bewilder, v. tr. Wild. To 
 place, as it were, on wild ground, 
 where one looks in all direction 
 for landmarks, but in vain. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 53 
 
 f<VN. Piize. Pazzle Confound. IMystify. 
 Confuse. Mislead. Astonish. 
 
 Ant. Guide. Inform. I.<^ad. Enlighten. 
 Edify. Instruct. 
 
 Bbwildered. See Bewilder. 
 
 Bewitch, v. tr. Witch. Sax. 
 wig, holy. Low Latin, ve.gius, a 
 sorcerer. Of old used of male as 
 well as female sorcerers. To in- 
 fluence by magic, and especially 
 with love or admiration. 
 
 SvN. Enchant. Fascinate. Charm. 
 Ant. ilxorcise. Disillusionize. J)isen- 
 cliaiit. 
 
 Beyond, prep, and adv. Sax. 
 Comp. You and Yonder. 
 
 Syn. Over. Farther. Tast. More. 
 Ant. lleru Close. Mcai. Hither. Ijess. 
 Short. 
 
 Bias, n. Old Fr. liais, a slope. 
 See Bent. 
 
 Bicker, v. inf. Scotch. For- 
 merly used of literal, now only of 
 metaphorical, skirmishes. 
 
 Syn. Wrangle. Quarrel. Di.spute. Jar. 
 Contend. 
 
 Ant. Chat. Gossip. Converse. 
 
 Bid, V. tr. Of Northern origin, 
 from one word, meaning to re- 
 quest, and another resembling it, 
 to oifer ; hence the double sense 
 of bid. 
 
 Syn. Tell. Request. Instruct. Order. 
 Command. Offer. Propose. 
 
 Ant. Forbid. Deter. Prohibit. Re- 
 strain. 
 
 Bide, v. int. Sax. Act. and 
 neuter, that is, having the sense 
 of wait and await. 
 
 Syn. Wait. Remain. Tarry. , Stay. 
 
 Await. Expect. Anticipate. liear. En- 
 dure. 
 
 Ant. Quit. Depart. Migrate Move. 
 
 Resist. Resent. Repel. Abjure. Rebel, 
 i'rotest. 
 
 Big, adj. An old Welsh word, 
 hatch, meaning burden. Meta- 
 phorically used of bigness of de- 
 meanour. 
 
 Syn. Large. Great. Wide. Huge. 
 Bo ky houd. Arrogant. I'ompous. Fat. 
 
 Ant. Litlle. Smnll. Narrow. Minute. 
 Slight. Lean. Affable. Easy. Unaffected. 
 
 Bigotry, n. Der. uncertain; 
 either from a Norman oath, attri- 
 buted to Rollo when refusing 
 homage to the French king, or 
 from the Saxon bigan, conn, with 
 hog, to pray or worship ; whence 
 the Flemish heguine and begui.n- 
 age, good women engaged in cha- 
 rity, and living together without 
 vows. 
 
 SvN. Prejiidice. Pharisaism. Obstinacy. 
 Credulity. Fanaticism. Superstition. In- 
 tolerance. 
 
 Ant. Liberality. Enlightenment. Cbarity. 
 Toleration. Eclecticism. Latitudinarianism. 
 
 Bind, v. tr. Sax, To tie. 
 Metaphorically, to tie down to 
 obligations or conditions. 
 
 Syn. Tie. Fasten. Secure. Lace. 
 Twine. Oblige: Compel Restrict Ite- 
 strain. Secure. 
 
 Ant. Untie. Ijoose. Unfasten. Free, 
 Liberate. Acquit. 
 
 • Birth, n. Conn, with Bear 
 and Born. First, the coming 
 into life, and then the circum- 
 stances or position of the person 
 so born. So birth used by itself 
 often means nobility. 
 
 Syn. Origin. Source. Rise. Lineage. 
 Nobility. 
 
 Ant. Death. Extinction. Plebeianism. 
 
 Bit, n. Is really the part, of 
 Bite. A small piece bitten, or 
 to bite ; thus precisely corre- 
 sponding with morsel, from Lat 
 ntordere, to bite. 
 
 Syn. Morsel. Piece. Fragment. J 'ait. 
 
 Ant. Mass. AVhole. 
 
 Biting, adj. See Bit. Used 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Pungent. Piercing. Gnawing. 
 
 Sarcastic. Sardonic. Censorious. 'I'renchant, 
 
 Ant. Plea.sant. Genial. Flattering. 
 
 Soothing. Complacent. 
 
 Bitter, adj. Conn, with Bile. 
 Producing a pungent biting sen- 
 sation. Applied, when used me- 
 taphorically, both to the event 
 
54 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 and the feeling consequent upon 
 it, as, ' a bitter calamity,' ' bitter 
 disappointment,' 
 
 SyN. Harsh. Sour. Sharp. Tart. Ac- 
 rimonious. Sarcastic. Severe. Sad. ACBlc- 
 tive. Intense. 
 
 Ant. Sweet. Mellow. Pleasant. Affa- 
 ble. Kindly. Genial Light. Trivial. 
 Mitigated. 
 
 BiTTKiiNKSs. See Bitter and 
 Antipathy. 
 
 Blab, v. int. Germ. Uappeln. 
 Eng. blabber. To talk idly. Sae 
 remarks on Babbler. 
 
 Blacken, v. tr. Black. Meta- 
 phorically, to spoil the character 
 or reputation. 
 
 Syn. Bespattor. Befoul. Bedaub. De- 
 fame. Decry. Calumniate. Dishonour. 
 Ant. Vindicate. Clear. Eulogize. 
 
 Blackguard, ??. Originally 
 the company of scullions, who, 
 in the progresses of great men 
 had the charge of the kitchen 
 utensils. A low sooty tribe*; 
 hence the present use of the 
 term is including everything 
 most vile. 
 
 Stn. Scoundrel. Rascal. Rapscallion. 
 Blackleg. Villain. 
 Ant. Gentleman 
 
 Blame, v. tr. Is a contracted 
 form of blaspheme, the Greek for 
 evil-speaking; but is by usage 
 restricted to censure of persons 
 or their conduct. 
 
 SVN. Censure. Chide. Rebuke. Re- 
 proach. Vituperate. Dispraise. 
 
 Ant. Acquit. Exculpate. Exonerate. 
 f2ncouragc. Praise. Approve. 
 
 Blamable, adj. See Blame. 
 Blameless. See Blame. 
 
 SrN. Pure. Innocent. Irresponsible 
 Ant. Criminated, implicated. Blame- 
 worthy. Answerable. Faulty. Guilty. 
 
 Blanch, v. tr. Blancus, white. 
 Comp. Bleak, Bleach. 
 
 Sto. Bleach. Whiten. 
 
 To blanch is to promote in- 
 
 herent whiteness. To bleach is 
 to whiten by external influence. 
 
 Ant. Darken. Coloiir. Obfuscate. 
 
 Bland, adj. JUandus. Refers 
 to manner. 
 
 Stn. Soft. Mild. Gentle. 
 Ant. Harsh. Abrupt. Rough. 
 
 Blandiloquence, n. Blamlus 
 and lo'jiii, to talk. 
 
 SvN. Blarney. Humbug. Flattery. 
 Speciousness. 
 
 Adulation. 
 Ant. Bluntness. Roughness. Abrupt- 
 ness. 
 
 Blandishment, n. Is in deeds 
 what blandiloquence is in words. 
 
 Stn. Flattery. Coaxing. Wheedling. 
 Fawning. Cajolery. 
 
 Ant. Roughness. Bluntness. Unman- 
 nerliness. 
 
 Blank, adj. Blancua. A 
 colourless and unmitigated bar- 
 renness. 
 
 Syn. Bleak. Bare. Utter. Broad. Un- 
 mitip;ated. 
 
 Ant. Modified. Qualified. Mitigated. 
 
 Blasphemy, n. Gr. Impious 
 
 talk. 
 
 Stn. Swearing, Impiety. Profaneness. 
 Ant. Reverence. Veneration. Godh- 
 ness. 
 
 Blast, v. and v. Sax. blo'san, 
 fo hlfruK Like flare, flame, from 
 the Lat. flare, to hloio. Comp. 
 Blaze. The verb to blast is used 
 of destructive or noxious in- 
 fluences. 
 
 The voun blast has different 
 analogous senses, as, blast ot 
 wind, a blast, or, as it were, 
 noxious breath of evil, the blast 
 or explosion of a gun; but the 
 notion of atmospheric influence 
 or excitement runs through them 
 all. 
 
 Sth. Volume. Puff. Afflation. Kffla- 
 tion. Breeze. Breath. Blight. Explosion. 
 Burst. I^Yustration. Destruction. Blaze. 
 
 Ant. Extinction. Neutralization. 
 
 Blaze, n. /See Blast. 
 Blazon, v. tr. From the same 
 root. To aflix some mark of 
 
Synonyms and Antonyim, 
 
 55 
 
 coMspicnousness. To light up a 
 person, his character or history, 
 lineage or reputation. 
 
 Syn. Notify. Signalize. Pnblicate. Ad- 
 renture. Circulate. I'ropagate. Dissemi- 
 nate. 
 
 Ant. Cover. Conceal. Hide. Suppress. 
 Hush. Palliate. Shroud. Bury. 
 
 Bleach, v. tr. Blancus, white. 
 
 Stn. Whiten. Blanch. 
 
 Ant. Darken. Blacken. Soil. Slee Blanch. 
 
 Bleak, adj. Same der. 
 
 Syn. Blank. Bare. Open. Exposed. 
 Cold. Stormy. Nipping. 
 
 Ant. Sheltered. Warm. Verdant. IjUxu- 
 riant. Zephyrous. Balmy. Halcyonic. 
 
 Blemish, v. Fr. blemir, to 
 inake blue or pale. To take the 
 colour out; thence, to spoil or 
 tarnish a substance ; and thence 
 again, metaphorically, the cha- 
 racter. The noun blemish fol- 
 lows the same meanings. 
 
 Stn. to noun. Spot. Blur. Blot. Stain. 
 Daub. Tarnish. Defacement. Discoloura- 
 tion. Disfigurement. Disgrace. Dishonour. 
 Defect. Blemish. Imperfection. 
 
 Ant. Purity. Unsulliedness. Intact- 
 ness. Honour. 
 
 Blench, v. inf. Conn, with 
 Blanch. To shrink through fear. 
 
 Stn. start. Shy. Shudder. Shrink. Re- 
 coil. 
 
 Ant. Encounter. Dare. Venture. Stand. 
 Face. 
 
 Blend, v. int. and tr. Sax. 
 To mix easily or naturally. 
 
 Stn. Mix. Harmonize. Unite. Coalesce. 
 Ant. Run. Separate. Divide. Dis- 
 sociate. Confound. 
 
 Bless, v. tr. Sax. Conn, 
 with Blithe. To make blithe- 
 some or joyous with gifts, and, 
 reflexively, to express gratitude 
 thereupon. 
 
 Stn. Felicitate. Endow. Enrich. 
 Gladden. Rejoice. Cheer. Thank. 
 
 Ant. Sadden. Deprive. Impoverish. 
 Ignore. Curse. Anathematize. 
 
 Blbssing, 71. See Bless. 
 
 Stn. Felicitation. Benedictiuu. Endow- 
 ment. Donation. Gift. Thanklulness 
 Gratitude, Thanks. Benefit 
 
 Aht. Irapoveri«hment. Deprivation. Be- 
 reavement. Malediction. Thankfulness. 
 Obliviousness. Catastrophe. Calamity 
 Disaster. Detriment. Damage. Curse. 
 
 Blight, n. and v. Origin un- 
 certain. See Blast. 
 
 Blind, adj. Sax. Conn, with 
 Blend, seeing objects confusedly. 
 It is used of physical sightless- 
 ness, moral blindness, mental 
 blindness, or absolute ignorance, 
 and casual blindness or casual 
 ignorance. Sometimes used as a 
 transitive verb. 
 
 Stn. Sightless. Unseeing, pepraved. 
 Prejudiced, ignorant. Uninformed. Un- 
 conscious. Unaware. 
 
 Ant. Far-sighted. Penetrating. Keen. 
 Sensitive. Discriminating. Pure-minded. 
 Clear-sighted. Conscious. Aware. 
 
 Blink, v. tr. and int. Sax. 
 To shine, to twinkle, quickly to 
 close and open the eyelids, to 
 close the eyes against a passing 
 circumstance so as not to notice 
 it. 
 
 Stn. Wink. Ignore. Connive. Overlook 
 Ant. Notice. Visit. Note. Mark. 
 
 Bliss, n. See Bless. 
 
 Stn. Blessedness. Joy. Ecstasy. Rap- 
 ture. 
 
 Ant. Accursedness. Condemnation. Suf- 
 fering. Misery. Woe. 
 
 Blithe, adj. Sax. 
 
 Stn. Light. • Merry. Joyous. Happy 
 Bright. Elastic. Gladsome. Bonny. 
 Ant. Heavy. Dull. Dejected. Sullen. 
 
 Block, v. tr. From block; 
 Northern word for a mass. 
 
 Stn. Stop. Arrest. Fill. Obstruct 
 Ant. Free. Liberate. Open. Pave. 
 
 Blockhead, n. See Above. 
 
 Stn. Dolt. Dunderhead. Jolterhead. 
 Dunce. Ninny. Numskull. Dullard. Ig- 
 noramus. 
 
 Ant. Sage. Adept. Luminary. Philo- 
 sopher. Schoolman. Savant. 
 
 Bloom, n. and v. int. Gothic- 
 Comp. Blossom. 
 
 Stn. Blossom. Bud. Flower, Beauty 
 Freshness. Delicacy. 
 
 Ant. Decay. Decadence. Blight. Blasts 
 Coarseness. Harshness. Roughness. Tough. 
 
 I 
 
56 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. ^ 
 
 ness. Superannuation. Ghastllness. Ca- 
 daverousness. 
 
 Bloom is applied to flowers 
 purely ornamental, blossom to 
 fruit-trees. 
 
 Blooming, adj. See Bloom. 
 
 Syn. Flourishing. Flowering. Blosoom- 
 lug. Young. Beautiful. Fair. . 
 
 Ant. Fading. Waning. Blighted. 
 Blasted. Paralyzed. Old. Superannuated. 
 Unsightly. Deformed. 
 
 Blot, n. and v. A Northern 
 word, meaning a blur or stain. 
 A dab, daub, or spot of tarnish 
 upon a fair surface or a fair re- 
 putation. Comp. the phrase, 'a 
 blot on the escutcheon.' 
 
 Stn, Oomp. Blemish. 
 
 Blot, v. 
 
 Syn. Obscure, Tarnish, Spoil. Sully. 
 Obliterate. Erase, 
 
 Ant. Elucidate, Clear. Absterge. 
 Cleanse. Manifest, Conserve Perpetuate. 
 
 Blotch. Coim. Blot and 
 Bloat. 
 
 Blow, n. Seems to he formed 
 from many kindred words of 
 Saxon or Gothic origin, having 
 the various senses of breathing 
 and blooming and striking. 
 
 Stn. I'uff. Blast. Breath. Infliction. 
 Stroke. Wound, Disappointment, Afflic- 
 tion. 
 
 Ant, Assuagement, Consolation. Com- 
 fort. K,elief. Blessing. Sparing. 
 
 Bluff, adj. Old Eng. noun 
 and adj. bluffs, or bluff rocks. 
 
 Stn. Bare. Open. Bold. Abrupt 
 Frank. Plain-«p<)kcn. Blunt. 
 
 Ant. Undulating. Inclined. Inabrupt. 
 Courteous. Polished. Reserved. 
 
 Blunder, n. Old Eng. Conn, 
 •with Blind and Blend. A mis- 
 take through confusion of thought 
 or purpose. 
 
 SvN. Error. Mistake. Misunderetand- 
 Ing, Fault. Oversight, fnaccuracy. 
 
 Akt, Accuracy. Truthfulness, Exact- 
 ness, Correctness". Faultlessness, Correc- 
 tion. Rectification. Atonement. Foresight, 
 Prevention. Hit. Succes.s. Achievement. 
 
 Blunt, adj. Gotliic n. Phy- 
 eical and metaphorical. 
 
 Stn, Obtuse, Dull, Pointless, Edg" 
 less. Insensitive. Bluff, Plain-mannerea. 
 
 Ant, Sharp, Keen. Pointed. Acutei 
 Aculeated, Sensitive. Pollshfei. Courteoua, 
 Reserved. Blandiloqueut. 
 
 Blunt, v. See adj. 
 
 Stn. To subdue. Repress. Tranqu-Uir.e 
 Discourage. Harden. Ossify, Numb. 
 
 Ant. Quicken, Sharpen. Instigate. Sua- 
 citate. Stimulate. Animate. Excite. Vi- 
 talize. 
 
 Blur. See Blemish. 
 
 Blush, n. Conn, with Blaze, 
 to grow red with warmth or a 
 sense of shame. 
 
 Syn. to former. Bloom. Colour. Com- 
 plexion. Aspect. Carnation. To latter. 
 Shame, Confusion, Guiltiness, Self-re- 
 proach. 
 
 Ant. to latter. Innocence, Purity. Guilt- 
 lessness. Unconsciousness. Boldness, Ef- 
 frontery. 
 
 Bluster, v. and n. Allied to 
 Blast. 
 
 S^TJ. to V. Storm. Rage, Puff, Blow 
 Swagger, Fume. Brag. Insult. 
 Ant. See Brag. 
 
 Boast. Old Eng. 
 
 Syn. Vaunt. Brag, Swagger. Swell 
 Bluster. Vapour, 
 Ant, See Brag. 
 
 Bode, v. tr. Sax. Conn, with 
 Bid, to tell or foretell. 
 
 Syn. Foretell. Predict. Prophesy, Pro 
 mise. Forebode. Herald. Announce. Prog 
 nosticate. Portend, Augur, 
 
 Ant. Relate Record, Narrate, Re- 
 member, 
 
 Bodily. From Body. Sax. 
 Adv. and adj. 
 
 Syn. Wholly. Collectively Summarily, 
 Unitedly, Compactedly. Together, Cor- 
 poreal. Fleshly. 
 
 Ant. Piecemeal, Partially. Fragment- 
 arily. Gradually. Spiritual, Ghostly 
 
 Body, ik Sax. 
 
 Syn. Substance, Mass, Whole. Sub- 
 stantiality, Collectiveness. Assemblage. 
 Collection Matter. Association. Orgauiza- 
 
 Ant, Spirit. Fragment. Member IMece. 
 
 Boggle, v. ird. Same as Bogle. 
 Corrupted into bogey, an appa- 
 rition. To hesitate, as i^ af- 
 frighted ; hence, to hesitate gene- 
 
Synonyms and Anionymi 
 
 57 
 
 rally, and to work awkwardly or 
 
 clumsily. 
 
 Syn. Halt. Hesitate. Dubitate. Falter. 
 Blunder. IJlotch. Botch. Mar. Spoil. 
 
 Ant. Encounter. Face. Advance. Clear. 
 Work, liefine. Perfect. Complete. Ueau- 
 tify. 
 
 Boil, v. htf. Lat. hullire. 
 Comp. Ebullition. 
 
 SxN. Bubble. Effervesce. Explode. 
 Rage. Fume. 
 
 Ant. Calm Subside. Recover. Cool. 
 
 Boisterous, adj. Old Eng. 
 Conn, with Boast. Applied to 
 the violence of the elements and 
 to manner or demeanour. 
 
 Syn. ].oud. Violent. Tempestuous. 
 Stormy. Unrestrained. Uncontrolled. In- 
 temperate. 
 
 Ant. Peaceful. Calm. Serene. Self- 
 
 BoLD, adj. Sax. 
 
 Stn. Courageous. • Fearless. Adventur- 
 ous. Brave. Self-confident, Forward. 
 
 Ant. Timid. Fearful, luad venturous. 
 Shy. Bashful. Retiring. 
 
 Bolster, v. tr. From the 
 nomi, which is Gothic. Conn, 
 with Ball. A round or cyhndi-i- 
 cal support for the head ; hence, 
 to support, especially adventi- 
 tiously ; applied to the weakness 
 and the weak. 
 
 Stn. Support. Prop. Sustain. Aid. 
 Help. Subsidize. Patch. Tinker. Buoy. 
 Ant. Depress. Dispirit. Relax. 
 
 Bombast, n.. Bomhyx, the silJc- 
 ivcn^m. Boinhasium , cotton. An 
 inflated talk or matter, or the 
 quality of such talk. 
 
 Syn. Rhodoniontade. (Gasconade. Brag- 
 gadocio. Bluster. Pompoi<ity. Inflated- 
 ness. lixaggerativeness. Fustian. 
 
 Ant. Truthfulness. Moderation. Vera- 
 dty. Modesty. 'I'emperateness. Humility. 
 Refrain. 
 
 Bond, n. Sax. Comp. Bind 
 and Band. 
 
 Syk. Tie. Fastening. Chain. Mana<le. 
 Fetter. Association. Compact. Obligation. 
 Security. 
 
 Ant. Freedom. Optix:. Discretion. 
 Honour Parole. 
 
 Bondage,??. ^See Bond 
 
 Syn. Servitude. Confinement. Impri- 
 sonment. Incarceration. Subjection. Slavery. 
 
 Ant. Freedom. Liberty. Independence. 
 Liberation. Manumission. 
 
 Bondsman, n. See above. 
 
 Syn. Slave. Serf. Prisoner. Captiv* 
 Vassal. 
 
 Ant. Freeman. Yeoman. Gentleman 
 Lord. Master. 
 
 Bonny, adj. Der. uncertain, 
 and used in several senses ; all, 
 however, having brightness of 
 aspect. 
 
 Syn. Fair. Pretty. Pleasant. Cheerful 
 Lively. Shapely. Bu-\om. 
 
 Ant. Dull. Unseemly. 111-fiivoured. 
 Deformed. 
 
 Bonus, n. Lat. Good. Conn. 
 Boon. 
 
 Syn. Premium. Douceur. R)on. Benefit 
 Ant. Fine. Penaltv. Mulct. Amerce- 
 ment. Discount. 
 
 BooBY, n. The name of a sea- 
 fowl. 
 
 Syn. Idiot. Dunce. Numslcull. 
 Ant. Wiseacre. Solon. Oracle. 
 
 Bookish, adj. From Book. 
 Conn, with Beech, because tlie 
 ancient Saxons and Germans 
 wrote on beechen bark and 
 boards. 
 
 Syn. studious. Erudite. Learned. Pe- 
 dantic. 
 
 Ant. Unbookish. Unstudious. Incru- 
 dite. Unlearned. Ignorant. Uneducated. 
 
 Bootless, adj. Boot, Sax. 
 Advantage. Conn, with Better. 
 
 Syn. Useless. Profitless. Unavailing. 
 Abortive. 
 
 Ant. Useful. Profitable. Availing. Ef- 
 fective. Effectual. 
 
 Booty, n. Same root. Profit 
 by plunder. 
 
 Syn. Plunder. lx)ot. Prey. Pillage. 
 Ant. Restitution. Fine. Confiscation 
 Forfeiture. Amercement. PenalU'. 
 
 Border, v. Fr. hard. So sear 
 board or coast. 
 
 Syn. Limit. Boundary. Edge. Mging, 
 Hem. Band. Enclosure. Confine. 
 
 Ant. Land. Tract. Interior. Substance 
 Space. Centre. 
 
 Bosoir, n. Sax. Used by 
 
58 
 
 Hymnym^ and Antonyms, 
 
 analogy of a natural hollow, as, 
 'the bosom of the ocean,' and, 
 metaphorically, of the seat of 
 liBeling. 
 
 Stn. Hollow.- Deep. Bed. Valley. 
 CeiJtre. Heart Mind. Soul. Will. 
 
 AST. Surface. Exterior. Manner. De- 
 • portment Demeanour. 
 
 Botch, v. tr. Conn, with Boss 
 and Patch. Something between 
 marring and mending. 
 
 Syn. i'atch. Cobble. Clump. Blunder. 
 Dl8COiK«rt. Spoil. Jumble. Mess. Bungle. 
 Mar. 
 
 Ant. Fine-draw. Trim. Harmonize. 
 Mend. Beautify. Embroider. Handle. 
 Manage. Manipulate. , 
 
 Both, adv. Sax. 
 
 Syn. Twain. 
 Amt. Neither. 
 
 Bother, v. tr. Another form 
 of Pother, which is supposed to 
 be the .Fr. poudre, dust. Eng. 
 powder, the making a dust — 
 fcbout something or nothing. 
 
 Stn. Fuss. Worry. Excitement. Stir. 
 Confusion. Vexation. Flurry. Trouble. 
 
 Ant. Calm. Composure. Orderliness. 
 Peace. Quiet. 
 
 Bottom, n. Sax. Said to be 
 allied to the Gr. nvdfirjv, as that 
 to ^ddos. Comp. Bathos in 
 Rhetoric. 
 
 Syn. Deep. Profound. Floor. Depth. 
 Ground. Foot. 
 
 Ant. Top. Summit. Apex. Crown. 
 Brow. Surface. 
 
 Bound, n. That which binds, 
 bonds, or bounds, as an external 
 limit. 
 
 Syn. Limit. Boundary. Confine. Border. 
 Inclosure. 
 
 Ant. See Border. 
 
 Bound, v. Fr. hondir. 
 
 Syn. To Leap. Jump. Frisk. Spring. 
 Skip. 
 
 Ant. Hobble. Limp. Crawl. Creep. 
 Shamble. 
 
 , Boundary. See Bound. 
 
 BouNDLKSB, ao?;". See n. Bound. 
 
 Syh. Infinite. Unlimited. Jllimitablo. 
 (Tnmeasurabln. 
 
 I AnT. Narrow. RestrlcteA LlmitM 
 Confined. Circumscribfed. 
 
 Bountiful. See Bounty. 
 
 Bounty, n. Fr. bontc. Lat. 
 bonitas, goodness. Conn. Boon, 
 Bonus. Liberality, or its expres- 
 sion ; a liberal gift. 
 
 Syn. Liberality. Bounteousness. Bene- 
 volence. Munificence. Donation. Gift 
 
 Ant. Illiberality. Closeness. Hardneatt. 
 Niggardliness. Slingines.s. Churlishness. 
 
 Brace, v. tr. From brachium, 
 an arin. Comp. Embrace. 
 
 Syn. Tie. Fasten. Strap. Bitid. Bandage, 
 strengthen. 
 
 Ant. Unfasten. Untie. Loose. Unstrap. 
 Unbind. Relax. 
 
 Bracing, adj. See Brace. 
 
 Syn. Strengthening. Invigorating. Tonic. 
 Ant. Enervating. Enfeebling. Weaken- 
 ing. Relaxing. 
 
 Brag, v. int. Old Eng., mean- 
 ing brisk, or full of spirits. To 
 vaunt personal strength or prow- 
 ess is natural to childish cha- 
 racters in high spirits. 
 
 Syn. Boast. Vaunt Swagger. Bully. 
 Ant. Cringe. Whine. Whimper. 
 
 Braggart. See Brag. 
 
 Braid, v. tr. Sax. hredan. 
 Syn. Bind. Tie. Weave. Plait 
 Ant. Unbind. Dishevel. 
 
 Branch, n. Conn, with bra- 
 chium, an arm of a tree. Involves 
 the ideas of separation from the 
 line of growth, and connection 
 with tne parent stem. 
 
 Syn. Member. Bifurcation. Ramifica- 
 tion. Oflfshoot Scion. Relative. 
 
 Ant. Trunk. Stock. Stem. Race. 
 Family. House. 
 
 Brand, adj. From Saxon 
 brinnan. Comp. Eng. Bum. 
 A torch, stick ; hence, by analogy, 
 a flashing sword; thence, the 
 mark of burning, especially for 
 disgrace. 
 
 Syn. Stigma. Disgrace. Mark. Infamy 
 Ant. Decoration. Badge. Distinctioa 
 Monoar. 
 
 Brandish, v tr. See Brand 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 59 
 
 To move alwiit rapidly, as a 
 sword. 
 
 StH. inourish. Fencfi. Wield. Wave. 
 Whisk. Shake. Agitate. 
 
 Ant. Stay, Arrest. Suspend.' 
 
 Brawl, v. and n. Old Eng. 
 Conn, with Broil. 
 
 Stn. Wrangle. Broil. Scold. Roar. 
 Shout. Vociferate. 
 
 Ant. to noMN. Whisper. Softness. Mel- 
 lowness. Melodiousness. Intonation. 
 
 Brawny, adj. Old Fr. braon, 
 the flesh or muscles. 
 
 Syn. Muscular. Powerful. Strong. 
 Athletic. Sinew}'. Herculean. Stout. Ro- 
 bust. 
 
 Ant. Lean. Weak. Fragile. Delicate. 
 Kffeminate. Feeble. 
 
 Bray, v. tr. Old Fr. hrayer, to 
 pound. Of different origin from 
 bray as an ass. 
 
 sVn. Found. Bruise. Beat Pulverize. 
 Ant. Compact. Compound. Amulga- 
 mate. Conglomerate. 
 
 Breach, n. Same as Break, 
 A physical or social rupture or 
 division. Used peculiarly of 
 breaking the vow or promise. 
 
 Syn. Rupture. Gap. Divulsion. Quarrel, 
 Violation. Non-performance. 
 
 Ant. Integrity. Conservation. Healing. 
 Reconciliation. JnvlolatQness, Fulfilment. 
 
 Break, v. Sax, hrecan. Used 
 of the forcible divulsion of hard 
 material substances, and meta- 
 phorically expresses the ideas of 
 mastery and infringement. 
 
 Syn. Fracture. Rupture. Shatter. Shiver. 
 Destroy. Tame. Curb. Subdue, Violate, 
 Infringe. 
 
 Ant. Heal. Piece. Conjoin. Protect. 
 Conserve. Encourage, Rally. Observe. 
 Obey. 
 
 Breast, n. Sax. For meta- 
 phorical use, see Bosom. 
 
 Breath, n. Germ, hroden, 
 steam, vapour. Comp. Broth. 
 
 Syn. Respuration. Inspiration. Expira- 
 tion. Inhalation. Exhalation. Met., Life. 
 
 Ant. to latter. Cessation. Passing. De- 
 parture. Perishing. Dying. Death. 
 
 Breathe, v. See Breath. 
 
 Breathless, adj. Deprived 
 of breath by rapid exertion, in- 
 terest, astonishment, or surprise. 
 
 Syn. Kxhausted. Eager. Absorbed. Fas- 
 cinated. Attentive. Astounded. Bewil- 
 dered. 
 
 Ant. Cool. Calm. Collected. Fresh. 
 Unexcited. Indifferent. Inattentive. Un* 
 astonished. 
 
 Breed, v. tr. Sax. 
 
 Syn. Generate. Procreate. Engender. 
 Propagate. Met. Produce. Evolve. Cause. 
 
 Ant. Destroy. Eradicate. Extinguish. 
 Extirpate. Stifle. 
 
 Brevity, n. Lat. brevis, short. 
 Not used commonly of physical" 
 subjects. 
 
 Syn. .Shortness. Closeness. Concisenesi 
 Corapendiousness. Pointedness. Abbrevia- 
 tion. Abridgment. 
 
 Ant. l^ength. Protraction. Elongation. 
 Extension. Prolixity. Diffusiveness. In- 
 terminableness. Tediousness. 
 
 Brew, v. tr. and int. Sax. 
 breovan. To expose to the action 
 of heat. Used metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Concoct. Compound. Hatch. Mix. 
 Prepare. Season. Impend. Threaten. In- 
 crease. Collect. Form. Grow. Gather. 
 
 Ant. Pass. Disperse. Break. Mar 
 Spoil. Mlscompound. 
 
 Bridle, v. tr. To hold as with 
 a bridle. Sax. bridil. 
 
 Syn. Curb. Restrain. Govern. ControL 
 Master. Moderate. Compress. 
 
 Ant. I.«osen. Liberate. Relax. Dis- 
 charge. Vent. 
 
 Brief. See Brevity. 
 
 Bright, adj. Sax. Applied 
 to nature, art, mind, and temper. 
 
 Syn. Shining. Luminous. Lucid. Bril- 
 liant. Burnished. Radiant. Sparkling 
 lilnipid. Met., Clever. Happy. Witty 
 Joyous. Cheerful. 
 
 Ant. Opaque. Dull. Dead. Muddy 
 Stupid. Slow. Sullen. Dejected. Cheerless 
 Joyless. Imbecile. 
 
 Brilliant, adj. From the 
 precious stone called the beryl. 
 Brilhance is more powerful 
 brightness. A thing is bright, aa 
 reflecting light ; brilliant, as seem- 
 ing to give forth light. 
 
60 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Sm. Sparkling. Flashing. Radiant. 
 Shining. Lustrous. Glorious. Lurainoua. 
 Etfulgent. BeaminR. 
 
 AnT. See Bright. 
 
 Bktng, v. tr Sax. hn'vgan. 
 Implies conveyance in the direc- 
 tion of one's self or one's own 
 mind as the point. 
 
 SvN. Fetch. Procure. Adduce. Import. 
 Cause. Produce. Induce. 
 
 Ant. Export. Remove. Abstract. Sub- 
 tract. Prevent Exclude. Debar. Trans- 
 port. 
 
 Brisk, adf. Celtic. Used only 
 of visible effects, as, ' brisk move- 
 ments,' ' a brisk fire.' 
 
 Sin. Quick. Lively. Vivacious. Active. 
 Alert. Nimble. Sprightly. Effervescent. 
 
 Ant. Slow. Heavy. ' Oull. Inactive. 
 Slnggish. Indolent. Unenergetic. Stagnant. 
 
 Bristling, adj. From bristle. 
 Sax. Conspicuously full. 
 
 Stn. Stocked. Full. Multitudinous. 
 Multifarious. Swarming. Crowded. 
 
 Ant. Bare. Nude. Scant. Devoid. 
 Vacant 
 
 Broach, v. tr. See Abroach. 
 
 ' Stn. start. Moot Launch. Originate. 
 Suggest. Exhibit Propound. 
 
 Ant. Seal. Secrete. Re.serve. Repress. 
 Cork. Bottle. 
 
 Broad, adj. Sax. (Met., com- 
 prehensive and indelicate.) 
 
 Syn. Wide. Extensive. Expansive. 
 Ample. Liberal. Comprehensive. Unre- 
 served. -Indelicate. Coarse. Generic. 
 
 Ant. Narrow. Restricted. Limited. 
 Confined. Bigoted. Prejudiced. Illiberal. 
 Narrow-minded. Reserved. Veiled. Shrouded. 
 Shaded. Sketchy. Enigmatical Refined. 
 Delicate. Specific. Pointed. 
 
 Broadcast, adj. Thrown a- 
 broad. 
 
 Syn. Scattered. Dispersed. Profusely. 
 Unsparingly. Indiscriminately. injudi- 
 ciously. Abroad. Extensively. 
 
 Ant. Collectedly. Concentratively. 
 Sparingly. Reservedly. Locally. Partially. 
 Discreetly. Charily. 
 
 Brook, v. tr. Sax. brucan, to 
 exit, enjoy, or digest. 
 
 Stn. Bear. Tolerate. Endure. Permit. 
 Ant. Resist. Resent Reject 
 
 Browbeat, v. tr. Sax. hrav, 
 the broiu. To beat down by the 
 expression of th« countenance. 
 
 3TW. Intimidate. EullV. OvetLrfflt 
 Cow. Overawe. 
 
 Ant. Kncouiage. Rally. Sup|)ori 
 Countenance. 
 
 Bruisk, V. tr. Old Fr. hniscr 
 to break. See Break and Bray. 
 
 Brunt, v. Sax. bi-ont. Conn, 
 with Burn. A hot raging vio- 
 lence. 
 
 Syn. Impulse. Attack. Onsl.uif,'lit Ag- 
 gression. 
 
 Ant. Resistance. Endurance. R.'piil- 
 sion. 
 
 Brush, v. ad. and venter. Old 
 Fr, brosse. Conn, with Bristle. 1. 
 The rapid motion of cleansing. 
 2. Kapid motion in close proxi- 
 mity. 3. Rapid motion in the 
 abstract. 
 
 SvN. AVipe. Cle^mse. Sweep. Dust. 
 Scrub. Scrape. Graze. Touch. Jostle. 
 Scud. Stir. Scamper. Hasten. Bolt 
 
 Ant. Befoul. Begrime. Soil. Avoid. 
 Clear. Recede. Dawdle. Lag. 
 
 Brutal, adj. Brutum. Having 
 any of the qualities or the cha- 
 racter of a brute or brutes. 
 
 Syn. Savage. Inhuman. Rude.- Stolid. 
 Ignorant Dense. Cruel. Violent Vin- 
 dictive. Bloodthirsty. Intemperate. 
 
 Ant. Humane. Civilized. Generous 
 Intelligent. Polished. Chivalrous. Con- 
 scientious. Self-controlled 
 
 Bubble, n. Germ. poppeJn, to 
 bubble. Used metaphorically for 
 almost anything wanting solidity. 
 
 Syn. Trifle. Toy. Conceit Fancy. 
 Vision. Dream. Froth. Trash. 
 
 Ant. Acquisition. Prize. Treasure. 
 Reality. Substance. Verity Jewel. Good- 
 Advantage. 
 
 Buffoon, n. It. btiffa, Joke. 
 
 Syn. Wag. Clown. Jester. 
 
 The characteristic quality of 
 the buffoon is, that he makes 
 himself a fool for the amusement 
 of others ; that his jokes depend 
 not so much on wit as on tricks, 
 pranks, postures, and external 
 drolleries. 
 
 Ant. Wit Genius. Philosopher. Fc' 
 dant Viriionary Disseml>ler Hypocrite. 
 Enthusiast. Prig 
 
Synomjms and Antonyms. 
 
 61 
 
 Building, v. Build. Old 
 
 Enp;. bohle, building. 
 
 SvN. Edifice. Architecture. Construc- 
 '.ioii. Structure, Erection. Fabric. 
 
 Ant. Ruin. Dilapidation. Dismantle- 
 »cnt. Demolition. 
 
 BuiLDEK. See Building. 
 
 Bulk, n. Northern word, 
 meaning swelling. Taken to ex- 
 press the quantity of space occu- 
 pied by a substqince, or its quality 
 of entireness. Sometimes, how- 
 ever, used like mass, as equi- 
 valent to the greater part. 
 
 SvN. Mass. Wiiole. Entirety. Integrity. 
 Majority. Size. Magnitude. Body. Ex- 
 tcrriiim. 
 
 Ant. Tenuity. Minority. Dismember- 
 ment. Disintegration. Diminution. Tor- 
 tlon. Contraction. Section. J'article. Atom. 
 
 Bulky, adj. See Bulk. 
 
 Syn. Jliige. Unwieldy. Heavy. l,aip\ 
 Ample. Ponderous, Gigantic. liuriy. 
 Brawny. Cumbrous. Massive. 
 
 Ant. Small. Light. Slight. Airy. De- 
 licate. Nimble, Thin, Aiteimated, Sylph- 
 like. Slender. I'uny. Tiny. 
 
 Bully, n. Der. uncertain. 
 Variously derived from Burly,, 
 Boil, and the assumed arrogance 
 of popes' bulls. See Blusterer. 
 
 Bungler, n. From Bungle. 
 Der. quite unknown. 
 
 Stn. Botcher. Clown. Fumbler. Lubber. 
 Novice. 
 
 Ant. Adept. Adroit. Master. Artist. 
 Workman. Proficient. Professor. 
 
 Buoy, v. tr. Low Lat. hqja. A 
 log or clog of wood bound with 
 metal. Used metaphorically. 
 
 SvN. Float. Support. Sustain. Elevate. 
 
 Elate. As»ure. Animate. Cheer. Inspire. 
 
 Ant. Sink. Drown. Depress. Swamp. 
 
 Overcome. Deject. Crush. FaiL Betray. 
 
 Buoyant, adj. See Buoy. 
 
 Syn. Light, floating. Hopeful. Cheer- 
 ful. Elastic. Joyous. 
 
 Ant. Heav5'. Depressed. Cheerless. 
 Joyless. Dejected. Moody. Desponding. 
 
 Burden, n. Northern word, 
 with the root Bear. Anything 
 borne, being weighty. Physically 
 w metaphorically, or the effect 
 
 of it, as, lalionr, difficulty, or 
 grief. 
 
 Syh. Load. Weight. Inci^bus. Obstruc- 
 tion. Oppression. Difficulty. Grief. Afllio 
 tion. 
 
 Ant. Ease. Lightness. Airiness. Fa- 
 cility. Expedition. Acceleration. .Abjuga- 
 tion. Liberation. Light-heartedness, Coi:- 
 solation. Alleviation. Assuagement. Miti- 
 gation. Disburdenmcnt. 
 
 Burke, v. From an Irish 
 murderer, who suffocated his 
 victims with pitch plaster ; hence, 
 to remove with as little nois^ 
 and violence as j)ossible. 
 
 Syn. Stifle. Shelve. Strangle, Smother, 
 Ant, Enucleate. Propound. Promulge. 
 
 PubUcatc. Promote. Foster. Eliminate. 
 
 Ventilate. Reanimate. Suscitate. Bruit. 
 
 Burlesque, n. and adj. It. 
 and Sp. hiiiia, mockery. The 
 word is restricted by usage to 
 the ludicrous exhibition of matter 
 which is hi itself not of that cha- 
 racter. It is synonymous with 
 Satire, only so far as that it is in 
 itself satirical ; not that it has 
 the object of satire— to ridicule 
 persons or vices. It is generally 
 literary. 
 
 Syn. Parody. Satire. Travesty. Cari- 
 cature, Grotesque, 
 
 Ant. to adj. Classic. Pure. Severe 
 
 Tragic. Historic. Grave, 'i'ruthful. 
 
 Burly, adj. Der. uncertain. 
 Boria, a tassel, in Span. Thick. 
 See Bulky. 
 
 Burn, v. Sax. hrennan, to hum. 
 Act. and neut. Used in the neut. 
 metaph., to be imder the influ- 
 ence of desire. 
 
 Syn. Ignite. Kindle. Brand. Cauterize. 
 Consume. Rage. Glow. Blaze Fla^ih 
 Smoulder. 
 
 Ant. Extinguish. Stifle. Subside, Cool. 
 Glimmer. Lower. Wane. Pale, 
 
 Burnish, v. tr. Fr. bnwir. 
 Sax. briin, brown. It seems hard 
 to connect the ideas of brownness 
 and brightness. Probably, how- 
 ever, the metals at the first bum- 
 
62 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. * 
 
 jsliod wbre the less precious. So 
 a bar of iron would be burnished ; 
 but the more attractive idea of 
 burnishing gold has given to the 
 term a lighter lustre than what 
 originally belonged to it. 
 
 Stn. Polish. Brighten, Glaze. Gloze. 
 Ant. Scratch. DulL Abrade. Bedim. 
 Cloud. Frost. Matt. 
 
 Burst, v. int. Sax. berstan. 
 Act. and neut. 
 
 Stn. Displode. Extra vasate. 'Discharge. 
 Shiver. Shatter. Explydc. 
 Ant. Hold. Cohere. Stand. 
 
 Burst, n. See v. 
 
 Bury, v. tr. Sax. Conn, witli 
 Burrow. Used often in a meta- 
 phorical sense. 
 
 Stn. Inter. Inhume. Conceal. Repress. 
 Suppress. Obliterate. Cancel. Compose. 
 Hush. 
 
 Ant. Disinter. Exhume. Bruit. Ex- 
 pose. Resuscitate. Publicate. Aggravate. 
 Excavate. 
 
 Business, n. Germ, besig, hmy. 
 1. That about which one is busy, 
 2 That which has been brought 
 about by any means. 
 
 Stn. Occupation. Profession. Trade. 
 Calling, Office. p]mployment. Interest. 
 Duty. Affair. Matter. Concern. 
 
 Ant. Stagnation. Leisure. Inactivity. 
 
 Bustle, n. Der. uncertain; 
 but probably same as Busy, of 
 which it expresses the weak side. 
 It expresses the condition of per- 
 sons and places, that is, persons 
 collectively. 
 
 Syn. Business. Stir. Activity. Com- 
 mot'op. Energy. Excitement. Haste. 
 Hurry. Eagerness. Flurry. 
 
 Ant. Idleness. "Vacation. Inactivity. 
 Indolence. Indifference. Unconcern edness. 
 Coolness. Calm. Stagnation. Quiet. De- 
 sertion. 
 
 But, adv. and prep. Sax. hutan, 
 to be ivUhout. So, about, on the 
 outer side; hence, the force of 
 But is limitation or exception. 
 ' None but he ' would mean none 
 put him out or except him. 
 
 SvN. Save. Except. Barrihg. Beside 
 Yet. Excluding. 
 
 Ant. With. Including. Inclusive. Not- 
 withstanding. Nevertheless. However. 
 
 BuxoM, adj. Germ, bieysam, 
 compliant. The other ideas at- 
 tached to the word, hence, are 
 accretive, such as — 
 
 SvN. Bonny. Blithe. Sbaiwly, &c., foi 
 which see Bonny. 
 
 Buy, v. tr. Sax. To procure 
 anything for money, not only 
 materials but indiie(;t advan- 
 tages. 
 
 Syn. Purchase. Bribe. Subsidize. Suborn. 
 
 The three latter are applied to 
 persons, not possessions. 
 
 Ant. Sell. Vend. Hawk. Retail. 
 
 Buyer, n. See Buy. 
 
 C. 
 
 Cabal, n. Fr. cahale. Heb. 
 gubbala, mystic tradition. 
 
 A cabal, as the word is com- 
 monly used, is a company united 
 in a close design. The Hebrew 
 element of handing down tho 
 traditions of the association l)eing 
 lost sight of. By a quaint co- 
 incidence, in 1671, the initial 
 letters of the British cabinet 
 ministers formed the word cabal. 
 
 Syn. Confe<leracy. Conspiracy. Combi- 
 nation. Coterie. Gang. Faction. League. 
 Conclave. Clique, 
 
 Ant. Parliament. Legislation. Govern- 
 ment. Empire. Council. Synod. 
 
 Cabalistic, adj. See Cabal. 
 In this word there is no political 
 tinge, but. only that of mystic 
 interpretation. 
 
 Syn. Mystic. Symbolical. FancifuL 
 Occult. 
 
 Ant. Patent. Practical. Instructive. 
 Lucid. Simple. 
 
 Cabbage, v. tr. Old Fr. choux 
 cabus. Headed cole, from caput. 
 Comp. the heraldic term, Ca- 
 boshed, beheaded. 
 
!Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 To cabbage is to filch, as 
 tailors are said to snip cloth to 
 tlicir own advantage. The idea 
 seems to be that of snipping oif. 
 But comp. Du. kabassen. 
 
 Sto. Rob. Steal. Filch. Pocket. Shirk. 
 Crib. Pillage, Abstract. Pilfer. Purloin. 
 Ant. See Purloin. 
 
 Cachinnation, n. Cachinnare. 
 A monkey's grin ; the lowest as- 
 pect of laughter. 
 
 Syn. Grin. Chuckle. Giggle. Snigger. 
 Titter. Cackle. 
 
 Ant. ]>ong-facetlne.ss. Wliine. Whimper. 
 
 Cackle, n. A term formed 
 in imitation of the noise of a hen, 
 and bearing the twofold sense 
 of laught^er and tale-bearing — 
 pointing the moral that slander 
 commonly comes of silliness. 
 i^ee Cachinnation, and Blab, Bab- 
 bler, Babble. 
 
 Cadaverous, adj. Cadaver, a 
 corpse, from cado, Ifall. Like a 
 corpse. 
 
 Syn. Pale. Exsanguineous. Bloodless. 
 Hueless. Pallid. Ashy. Gha.stly. 
 
 Ant. Rosy. Incarnadine. Sanguine. 
 Chubby. Brawny. 
 
 Caducity, n. Cadmus, given 
 to falling. Cado, Ifall. 
 
 Syn. Decline. Infirmity. Decrepitude. 
 Senility. Decadence. Transience. Delicacy. 
 
 Ant. Youth. Freshness. Vigour. Vi- 
 tality. Renovation. Permanence. 
 
 Cage, v. tr. Norm. cage. 
 
 Syn. Imprison. Immure. Incarcerate. 
 Confine. Cabin. Crib. 
 
 Ant. Liberate. Free. Dismiss. Unbar, 
 
 Caitiff, n. Captivus. It. cat- 
 tivo, had. As if servitude and op- 
 pression tended, as they certainly 
 do, to the moral deterioration of 
 men. 
 
 Syk. Rascal. Miscreant Rogue. Churl. 
 Villain. Ruffian. 
 
 Ant. Worthy. Gentleman. Philanthro- 
 pist. Patriot. 
 
 Cajole, v. tr. Fr. cajoler. To 
 flatter, from Norman cage. Either 
 to allure into a cage, and so to 
 
 entrap ; or to keep up a chatter- 
 ing, wheedling talk, like a bird 
 in a cage. 
 
 Syh. Tempt. Lure. Wheedle. Coax. 
 Flatter. Inveigle. Dupe. 
 
 Ant. Chide, Rate. Scold. Warn. 
 
 Calamitous, Calamity. Cala- 
 mus, a stalk. A blasting or blight- 
 ing influence on the grain. An 
 influence of ill personally or col- 
 lectively. Adj. and n. DoubtfuL 
 
 Syn. Disaster. Misfortune. Misadven- 
 ture. Trouble. Visitation. Affliction, lie- 
 verse. Blight 
 
 Ant. Blessing. Boon. God send. 
 
 Syn. to Calamitous, adj. Disastrous. Un- 
 fortunate. Troublous. Ill-sturred. Jnaus- 
 piclous. Ill-omened. 
 
 Ant. Felicitous. Fortunate. Auspicious. 
 Favourable. Propitious. Advantageous. 
 
 Calculate, v. tr. Cal>x, ml- 
 cuius. A pebble used in primi- 
 tive apparatus for counting. 
 
 Syn. Consider. Estimate. Weigh. Ap- 
 portion. Proportion, investigate. Reckon, 
 Compute. 
 
 Ant. Conjecture. Guess, Hit Chance. 
 Risk. Stake. Miscalculate. 
 
 Calculated, adj. See Calcu- 
 late. 
 
 Syn. Fitted. Adapted. Congenial. Con- 
 ducive. 
 
 Ant. Unfitted. Unadapted. Uncon- 
 genial. Unconducive. Adverse. Unquali- 
 fled. Unuuited. Miscalculated. Ill-adapted 
 
 Calculating, adj. See Calcu- 
 late. 
 
 Syn. Wary. Cautious. Circumspect. Sa- 
 gacious. Farsighted. Careful. Guarded. 
 
 Ant. Shortsighted. Dull Obtuse. Im- 
 provident. Incautious. Rash. Careless. 
 
 Calculation. See Calculate. 
 The fact and the quality. 
 
 Syn. Consideration. Estimation. Balance. 
 Apportionment. Investigation. Reckoning. 
 Computation. Anticipation. Caution. Care. 
 
 Ant. Inconsiderateness. Inconsideration 
 Incaution. Indiscretion. Miscalculation. 
 Misconception. Exclusion. Omission. Se- 
 position. Exception. Carelessnesg 
 
 Calibre, w. Said to be ^^wa libra. 
 With what weight of ball ; or, 
 possibly, a corruption of equi- 
 librium, that is, proportion of 
 
64 
 
 Synonyms and Anicm/ms, 
 
 bore to ball. The extent or force i 
 of mind. Derivation doubtful 
 
 Stn. Gauge. Diameter. Capacity. 
 Ability. Force. Strength. Power. 
 
 Ant, Its correlative, as, character, mind, 
 &c 
 
 Calm, v. tr. It, and Span. 
 calma. Possibly connected with 
 Gr. Knvyi.a, heat. The heat of the 
 day ; a dead calm. 
 
 Syn. Smooth. Pacify. Allay. Com- 
 pose. Still. 
 
 Ant. Stir. Agitate. Excite. Lash. 
 
 Kuffle. Heat. Discompose. Disconcert. 
 
 Calumniator, n. Lat. calum- 
 niari. 
 
 Syn. See Backbiter. 
 
 Calumny, n. See above. 
 
 Syn. Slander. Defamation. Detraclion. 
 Libel. Traduiemcnt. 
 
 Ant. Vindication. Clearance. Eulogy. 
 Panegyric. 
 
 Cancel, v. tr. CancelU, bars 
 or grating. Com}). Chancel, a 
 railed portion of a church ; Chan 
 cellor, the judge within the rails. 
 To obliterate a document by lines 
 crossing and recrossing, like a 
 grating. The annulling of a 
 deed, obligation, or circumstance. 
 
 Syn. Obliterate. P>ase. Abolish. Coun- 
 tervail. Discharge. 
 
 Ant. Enforce, Enact. Re-enact. Con- 
 firm. Perpetuate. Contract. 
 
 Candid, adj. Candidus. Of a 
 shining, as distinct from a dead 
 whiteness. Of transparent dis- 
 position, from candere, to burn. 
 Comp. Candle. Used metaphori- 
 cally of transparency of disposi- 
 tion. 
 
 Stw. Fair Honest. Open. Transparent. 
 Unreserved. Ingenious. Sincere. 
 
 Ant. Unfair. Close. Mysterious. Re- 
 Berved. Shuffling. Disingenuous. Insin- 
 «ere. Jesuitical. 
 
 Candidate, n. Candidata toga, 
 the robe of a more shining white, 
 worn by those who sought offices 
 in ancient Eome. 
 
 Stk. Aspirant Canvasser. Applicant. 
 Petitioner. Solicitor. Claimant. 
 
 Ant. Waiver. IVciinpr. j4baiidonct 
 Uesigner. Abjurer, Noucomnetitor. 
 
 Candour, n. See Candid. 
 
 Canon, n. Gr. A hollow 
 cane, used as a rule or measure 
 The qualities of length and hol- 
 lowness survived in the word 
 cannon, which is the same word. 
 (Technically, in the Church, a 
 dignitary.) 
 
 Syn. Rule. Measure. Test. Law. Re- 
 gulation. 
 
 Ant. Misguidance. Antinomy. Irregu- 
 larity. Misrule. 
 
 Canvass, v. tr. Cannabis^ 
 hemp. 
 
 This, made into coarse cloth, 
 would be the material of ships* 
 sails or the painter's canvas. The 
 same kind of cloth might be 
 used as a strainer ; hence, to can- 
 vass would literally be to strain 
 off minute particles of sediment ; 
 or, metaphorically, to inspect de- 
 tails, as, of a statement. After- 
 wards, a careful application to 
 every individual of a constitu- 
 ency for Ms votes, in order to be 
 returned to office. 
 
 Syn. Question. Investigate. Challenge. 
 Test. Dispute. Solicit. 
 
 Ant. Pretermit. Allow. Ignore. Dis- 
 regard. Admit. Pass. Misexamine. Mis- 
 investigate. 
 
 Capability, n. Capio, I take 
 or hold. 
 
 Capability is, strictly speaking, 
 undeveloped capacity, and bears 
 reference to matters of action, as 
 capacity to matters of mind and 
 understanding. 
 
 Syn. Cleverness. Aptitude. Talent. Ca- 
 pacity. Power. Facility. B'aculty. 
 
 Ant. Dulness. Inaptitude, Awkward- 
 ness. Difficulty. 
 
 Capacity, n. Capax, capere. 
 The power of holding, grasping, 
 or comprehending. See Capa- 
 bility, It is technically ased for 
 character or part. 
 
Stf.ionyms and Antonyms, 
 
 65 
 
 tin. Jjiwee Size. Volume. Tonnage. 
 Calibre. Comprehensiveness. Accommoda- 
 tion. 
 
 Ant, Narrowness. Kestrlction. Incapa- 
 city. Coarctation. Coutractedness. 
 
 - Capacious, adj. See Capacity. 
 
 Syn. Spacious. Voluminous. Compre- 
 hensive. Ample. Accommodative. Kxten* 
 sive. Wide. 
 
 Ant. Narrow. Restricted. Limited. 
 Confinevl. Siiallow. Contracted. Petty. 
 
 Capital, adj. Caput, the head. 
 
 Stn. Chief. Excellent. Important Car- 
 uinal. Principal. Consummate. High. 
 
 Ant. Inferior. Unimportant. Subordi- 
 nate. Minor. Defective. Mean. 
 
 Capitulate, v. int. Caput, ca- 
 pitidare. A heading, chapter, or 
 clause, especially the conditions 
 of a treaty of surrender. 
 
 Stn. Stipulate. Surrender. Yield. Sub- 
 mit. 
 
 Ant. Resist. Struggle. Contend. 
 
 Caprice, n. See Capricious. 
 
 Capricious, adj. Caper, a goat. 
 Like the friskiness or wantonness 
 of a goat. 
 
 Syn. Wayward. Uncertain. Changeful. 
 Whimsical. Humoi-some. Crotchety. 
 Fickle. Inconstant. 
 
 Ant. Firm. Unchanging. Inflexible. 
 Decided. Unswerving. Constant. 
 
 Captious, adj. Capture, capere, 
 to vatch. Given to catching at 
 defects or objections. 
 
 Stn. Carping. Cavilling. Censorious. 
 Hypercritical 
 
 Ant. Appreciative. Commendatory. En- 
 couraging. Complimentary. Approving. 
 Laudatory. Flattering. 
 
 Captivated, part. See above. 
 
 Stn. Taken. Charmed. Smitten. Fas- 
 cinated. Enslaved. Captured. Enthralled. 
 
 Ant. Free. Unaffected. Uninfluenced. 
 Unscathed. Insensible. Insensitive. 
 
 Captivating, adj. See above. 
 
 Stn. Charming. Fascinating. Bewitch- 
 ing. Alluring. Seductive. Attractive. 
 
 Ant. Hideous. Loathsome. Repulsive. 
 Uncaptivatiug. Uninteresting. 
 
 Cardinal, adj. Cardo, a hinge. 
 Important enough to be that on 
 which a thing turns or hinges. 
 As important as the hinge to the 
 
 door by which it stands and 
 moves; hence, chief, important. 
 See Capital. 
 
 Cars, n. Cura, care. Is used 
 of attentive anxiety of mind, and 
 also the exhibition of it, as. cau- 
 tion or custody. 
 
 Sm. Attention. Pains. Anxiety. Soli- 
 citode. Caution. Prevention. Custody. 
 Preservation. Thrift. Foresight. Warinesi. 
 Prodence. Economy. Heed. 
 
 Ajrr. Inattention. Neglect. Indifference. 
 Carelessness. Disregard. Temerity. Re- 
 missness. Improvidence. Unguardedncss 
 Incaution. 
 
 Career, n. Carrus, a waggon 
 or cart. Comp. Cart, Carry, Car- 
 riage, Charge. Car^o, &c. A 
 road. A way of progress or suc- 
 cess in life. 
 
 Stn. Coui-se. Success. Walk. Line. 
 Progress. 
 
 Ant. Misproceeding. Unsuocess. Mis- 
 deportment Miscarriage. 
 
 Careful, adj. See Care. 
 
 Careless, adj. See Care. 
 
 Caress, n. Caritia, endear^ 
 inent, from cams, dear. 
 
 Stn. Endearment. Blandishment Strok- 
 ing. Wheedling. Fondling. 
 
 Ant. Vexation. IiTitation. Annoyance 
 Teasing. Persecution. Provocation, 
 
 Cargo. See Career. 
 
 Stn. Freight. Burden. Load. Con- 
 signment. 
 Ant. Conveyance. Bearer. Carrier. 
 
 Caricature, n. Carrus. See 
 Career. Caricare, to carry about. 
 Either, therefore, absurd charac- 
 ters going about in carts, as at 
 fails, or an overcharged, over- 
 loaded description or delineation. 
 It is used broadly of all exag- 
 gerated or ludicrous descriptions. 
 
 Stn. Mimicry. Travesty. Parody. Bur- 
 lesque. Extravagance. Exaggeration. Hy- 
 perbole. Monstrosity. 
 
 Ant. Portraiture. Representation. Re- 
 semblance. Justice. Fidelity. Truth- 
 falness. 
 
 Carnage, n. See Carnal A 
 in(Ue« of massacied remains. 
 
 F 
 
6t) 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Stn. Massacre. Sktaghter. Bloodshed. 
 Butchery. 
 
 Akt. Ransom. Deltveranoe. Qiuurter. 
 
 Carnal, adj. Ga/ro, carnis, 
 
 Stk. Fleshly Sensual. Licentious. 
 Self-indulgent. Animal. Baae. Coarse. 
 
 Ant. Spiritual. Ethereal Pure. Self- 
 controlled. Temperate. Exalted. Refined. 
 
 Carnival, n. Came vale, fare- 
 well to the flesh. The last days 
 of festivity before Lent : used of 
 rollicking festivities in general 
 
 Syn. Revel. Route. Masquerade. Fes- 
 tivity. 
 
 Ant. Fast. Mortification. Retirement 
 Lent. 
 
 Carol, -v. inf. Low Lat., 
 Carola. Formed, perhaps, from 
 chorus ; originally a combination 
 of song and dance; afterwards, 
 song of more than one without 
 the dancing ; lastly, the cheerful 
 notes of a solitary singer. 
 
 Stn. sing. Warble. Chirp. Whistle. 
 Chirrup. Chant Hum. 
 
 Ant. Whine. Croak. Cry. Dirge. 
 Lament 
 
 Carousk, 71. Old Fr. Carovsse. 
 
 Stn. Festivity. Feast Banquet Revel. 
 Debauch. 
 
 Ant. Fast Starvation. Maceration. 
 Abstinence. 
 
 Carp, v. int. Carpere, to pluck 
 or pick. To pick holes, more 
 especially in statements of others, 
 and for the sake of fault-finding. 
 As a transitive verb it is followed 
 by the preposition at. 
 
 Stn. CaviL Censure. Challenge. Over- 
 haul. Canvass. Hypercrlticise. Catch. 
 Object 
 
 Ant. Allow. Concede. Admit. Com- 
 pliment. Encourage. Approve. Applaud. 
 P^ndorse. Acquiesce. Assent. 
 
 Carpet, n. Said to be from 
 tapis and caire or cairo, as we say 
 a Turkey carpet. Of old, the 
 word was used for a covering of 
 the table as well as the floor; 
 hence to be on the tapis, or car- 
 pet, was to be not on the floor. 
 
 but the table, as matter ot con- 
 sultation. 
 
 Snr. Board. Table. Consideration. 
 Consultation. 
 
 Aht. Shelf: BcsJectlon. Disposal. Ob- 
 livion. 
 
 Carriage, n. Carrus. See 
 Caricature. Has not only the- 
 direct active physical sense of 
 transportation, as well as the 
 neuter sense of movement or 
 bearing, but the moral and re-" 
 flexive sense of demeanour or 
 conduct. It is also used of the 
 thing on which we carry. 
 
 Stn. Transportation. Conveyance. Bear- 
 ing. Manner. Conduct. Demeanour. 
 
 Ant. Misconveyance. Miscarriage. Mis- 
 conduct Misconsigument 
 
 Case, n. The multiplicity of 
 meanings belonging to this word 
 springs partly from its broad 
 and generic character, but partly 
 also from the fact that it is in- 
 deed two words in one, being 
 derived in one sense from casus, 
 a hef ailing, from cadere, to fall, 
 and in others from capsa, a chest 
 or box. For instance, the medical 
 man uses one word when ho 
 speaks of a case of fever, the 
 other, when he speaks of his 
 case of instruments. Both words 
 have suggested metaphorical 
 meanings. Such are the fol- * 
 lowing. I 
 
 Stn. Occurrence. Circumstance. Fact 1 
 
 Subject Condition. Instance. 
 
 Ant. Hypothesis. Supposition. Theory. 
 Fancy. Conjecture. 
 
 Cast, v. Of Northern origin. 
 The root idea is, to throw. The 
 kind or direction of throwing 
 determines the character of the 
 metaphor. 
 
 Stn. So, to throw down, as the wrestler ; 
 aside, to reject; into condemnation, as a 
 lawsuit ; before the mind's eye, so to project 
 or forecast; abroad, and so spread; into 
 shape, and so mould, S'amp, or characterize. 
 
 Ant. Raise. Elev«ite. Recover Erei-t 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 67 
 
 Acc(>pt. Approve, lletain. Carry. Ignore. 
 Miscalculate. MisproTide Break. Dissi- 
 pate. Dismember. DisloJite. 
 
 Cast fi 
 
 Sra. Mould. Stamp. Kind. Character. 
 Ant. Malformation. Deformity. Ab- 
 normity. 
 
 Caste, n. Castus, pure. Pure 
 or unmixed lineage, as the here- 
 ditary castes of India. As the 
 Indian term is colour, the sense 
 of colour has imperceptibly at- 
 tached itself to the word caste. 
 It is taken to signify the class of 
 the reputable and honoured. 
 
 Syn. Class. Order. Rank. Lineage. 
 Race. Blood. Dignity. Respect 
 
 Ant. Degradation. Taboo. Disrepute. 
 Abasement. Reproach. 
 
 Castigate, v. tr. Castus, pii,re. 
 I'o purify or correct by personal 
 discipline or punishment. 
 
 Stn. Whip. Flagellate. Cane. 
 Ant. Reward. Encourage. Decorate. 
 Caress. 
 
 Casual, adj. Casus, a hefall- 
 ing. Cadere, to fall. 
 
 Stn. Accidental. Occasional. Incidental. 
 Fortuitous. Contingent. 
 
 Ant. Regular. Ordinary. Systematic. 
 Periodic. Certain. Fixed. See Casualty. 
 
 Casualty, n. See Casual. 
 Chance or liability, with a leaning 
 to the unfavourable. 
 
 Stn. Accident. Contingency. Chance. 
 Mischance. See Accident. 
 
 Ant. Appointment. Assignment. Pro- 
 vision. Ordinance. Enactment. 
 
 Casuistry, n. See Casual. 
 The science of treating cases of 
 conscience. 
 
 As this is popularly considered 
 to result in unnecessary and un- 
 edifying refinements, the term 
 has acquired the popiilar accepta- 
 tion of straw-splitting. 
 
 Stn. Sophistry. Jesuitry. Fallacy. 
 Reflaement. Quibble, Straw-splitting. 
 
 Arrr. Reason. Conscience. Common- 
 tense. 
 
 C/..TASTROPHE, n. Kara, and 
 trrpo^rj, a turn. A sudden down- 
 
 ward or unfavourable turn oi 
 things. 
 
 Stn. Revolution. Disiister. Calamity 
 Misfortune. Misadventure. Reverse. Blow 
 Visitation. 
 
 Ant. Blessing. Victory. Triumph. 
 Achievement. Felicitation. Ovation. Suc- 
 cess. Godsend. 
 
 Catch, v. tr. See Captious. 
 Physical and mental. 
 
 Stn. Take. Siege. Arrest. Compre 
 hend. Hit. Overtake. Apprehend. 
 
 Ant. Lose. Miss. Misapprehend. 
 Escape. 
 
 Catechism, n. Kara, and ^x^s, 
 sound. Oral instruction or ex- 
 amination by question and an- 
 swer. Hence a collection of 
 items of belief or persuasion. 
 
 Stn. Erotetics. Socratics. Interrogation. 
 Creed. System. Compendium. 
 
 Ant. Reading. Excogitation. Ela- 
 boration. , 
 
 Catechumen, n. See Cate- 
 chism. One under process of 
 preparatory instruction. 
 
 Stn. Tyro. Learner. PupiL Novice. 
 Scholar. 
 
 Ant. Master. Doctor. Professor. 
 Teacher. Savant. 
 
 Categorical, adj. Kara, and 
 ayopevco, I state. Appertaining to 
 directness of statement. 
 
 Stn. Plain. Positive. Declaratoiy 
 Demonstrative. AfiBrmative. Distinct. 
 
 Ant. Obscure. Uncertain. Dubious. 
 Contingent Hypothetical. Ambiguous, 
 Oracular. Enigmatical. Mystical. Hazy. 
 
 Category, n. See Categorical. 
 Used in its Aristotelian sense of 
 abstract classification, and thence 
 of classification generally. 
 
 Stn. State. Kind. Condition. Nature 
 Order. Sort Class. Predicament Mode 
 Ant. Essence. Truth. Being. 
 
 Causality, n. Causa, a cause. 
 The property of producing eflfecti, 
 sometimes used of the faculty of 
 tracing them. 
 
 Stn. Eventuality. Potentiality. Effen- 
 tuality. Productiveness. Operativoness 
 Conduciveness. 
 
 Ant. Preventlveness. Obstrnctivenees. 
 Retardativeness. Counteractivity. Unpitf 
 F '1 
 
68 
 
 Synonyms and AntonynvS. 
 
 ductiveneas. IneffocUvenees. Barrenness, 
 luoperativejcat. 
 
 Causation, n. See Causality. 
 
 Causation is the process, as 
 causability is the property, of 
 producing eflFects. 
 
 Cause, n. Causa. That by 
 force or reason of which some- 
 tliing else is brought about. 
 Aristotle's causes were efficient, 
 final, material, and formal, nearly 
 answering to the agent, or origin, 
 the purpose, the logical definition, 
 and the creation. Of these, only 
 the first was a cause, in the mo- 
 dern sense ; the rest were scien- 
 tific views and philosophical ac- 
 counts and modes of conception. 
 It is popularly used in the sense 
 of a common purpose which men 
 have at heart. 
 
 Sto. Source. Origin. Agent, Producer. 
 Creator. Purpose. Inducement. Reason. 
 Account. Principle, Motive. 
 
 Ant. Effect. Result. Accomplishment. 
 ¥A\d. Production, Issue, Preventive. 
 
 Caustic, adj. Kal(>>,fut, Kava-co, 
 1 ham. Used physically and 
 metaphorically of style, of re- 
 mark, or expression. 
 
 SrN. Burning. Mordant, Pungent. 
 Irritating. Biting. Pointed. Sarcastic. 
 Trenchant, Severe. 
 
 Ant. Pointless. Mild. Soothing. Con- 
 ciliating. Vapid. Flat. Tame. 
 
 Caution, n. Caver e, toieware. 
 Prudential foresight. 
 
 Stn. See Care and Calculation. 
 
 Cavil, v. int. Cavum, a hollow ; 
 cavellum, a little hole. The pick- 
 ing holes needlessly — the making 
 empty and hollow criticism. See 
 Carp. 
 
 Caviller. See Cavil. 
 
 Celebration, n. CeUher, fre- 
 quent. The frequent or periodic 
 keeping up of the public or do- 
 csestic remembrance of events 
 
 or persons, by ceremonies ; after- 
 wards admitting of this without 
 the idea of repetition. 
 
 Stn. Commemoration. Solcmnlzatlcn. 
 Observance. 
 
 Ant. Oblivion, Inobservance. Dcsuetade. 
 Obsolescence. 
 
 Celebrated, adj. See Cele- 
 bration. 
 
 Stn. Famed. Renowned. Illnstrious. 
 Famous. Noted. Distinguished. Notable. 
 Exalted. 
 
 Ant. Unrenowned. Obscure. Undis- 
 tinguished. Unknown. Mean. Disgraced. 
 
 Celebrity, n. See above. 
 The quality of being celebrated. 
 Also sometimes signifying an 
 illustrious person. 
 
 Stn. Fame. Honour. Glory. Reputa- 
 tion. Distinction. Renown. Star. Nota- 
 bility. 
 
 Ant. Obscurity. Meanness. Inglorioiis- 
 riess. Ignominy. Disgrace. Contempt 
 Cipher. Nobody. 
 
 Celerity, n. Celer, quick. 
 
 Stn. Rapidity. Velocity. Speed. Ate- 
 spatch. Haste. 
 
 Ant. Slowness. Inertness. Sluggish- 
 ness. Tardiness. Cumbrousness. 
 
 Celestial, adj. Cailum. Be- 
 longing to the heavens, or heaven; 
 that is, either the visible or spi- 
 ritual heaven. 
 
 Stn. Heavenly. Atmospheric. Ethereal 
 
 Supernal. Angelic. Radiant Eternal. 
 Immortal. 
 
 Ant. Earthly. Terrestrial. Terrene. 
 
 Sublunary. Human. Mortal. HcUisii. 
 Infernal. 
 
 Cement, n. and v. Fr. Cement. 
 Ccedimentum. Ccedere, to cut or 
 chip, because made of chips of 
 stone or marble bruised. Meta- 
 phorieally used for unitive or 
 consoHdating power. 
 
 Stn. To v. Bind. Bond. Unite. Per- 
 petuate. Consolidate. 
 
 Akt. Detach. Dissolve. Dissociate. Dis- 
 integrate. Divorce. 
 
 Censorious, adj. Censeo, I 
 estimate. Censor, the ancient 
 Roman state-officer of morals. 
 Its present acceptation implies 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 69 
 
 being somewhat unduly given 
 to criticism, and especially ex- 
 pression of blame towards indi- 
 viduals. See Cavil and Carp. 
 
 Censure, n. See Censorious. 
 Tlie expression of opinion about 
 others, partly from their fault 
 and partly from our own, is most 
 likely to turn to blame. Hence, 
 
 Sy». Blame. Stricture. Disapproval. 
 
 Uemoiistrance. Rebuke. lieprimand. 
 Dispraise. 
 
 Ant. Praise. Eulogy, Approbation. 
 
 Encouragemeut. Commendation. 
 
 Central, adj. Gr. Keurpov, 
 a prick, thorn, a sharp point. The 
 point round which the circle is 
 drawn. Used of localities near 
 the centre of a district, and so, 
 generally accessible, 
 
 Syn. Mediate. Acc«sslble. Convenient. 
 Ant. Itemote. Inaccessible. Inconvenient. 
 
 Centralize, v. tr. See Cen- 
 tral. T^o draw to a point or 
 centre. 
 
 Syn. Concentrate. Localize. Fix. Col- 
 lect. 
 
 Ant. Disperse. Disseminate. Distribute. 
 Apportion. Divide. Delocalize. 
 
 Ceremonial, adj. Apj)ertain- 
 ing to ceremony. Also used as 
 a noim for a ceremony regarded 
 more in detail. A public and 
 prolonged ceremony. 
 
 Stn. Official. Ministerial, Fimctional, 
 Pompous. Imposing. Sumptuous. Scenic. 
 
 Ant. Ordinary. Private. Unimposing. 
 Unostentatious. Undramatic. 
 
 Ceremonious, adj. Unduly 
 given to form and ceremony. 
 The noun is derived from Caere, 
 a city of ancient Etruria, from 
 which country Eome derived its 
 ancient religious ceremonies, 
 offices, forms of state, and the 
 like. 
 
 Stk. Punctilious. Formal, 
 Ant, Brusque, Bluni. Supercilious. 
 JRuC Unceremonious. 
 
 Certain, adj. Ccrtus, orig. 
 part., from Cerno, I discern. 
 
 The original idea, therefore, 
 is that sureness which is assur- 
 ance. Truth, not in the abstract, 
 but as ascertained or verified, 
 now used to indicate absolute 
 certainty, irrespective, that is, of 
 ourselves. It is not confined to 
 present or past facts, but relates 
 to the future when regarded 
 as being as sure as if it were 
 present. Thus, 'the rising of 
 to-morrow's sim is certain.' It 
 has also an apparently and sepa- 
 rate force, as in the phrase 'a 
 certain man.' The meaning hero 
 seems to be an assurance on the 
 part of the narrator, that such a 
 man is or was implying that this, 
 without detail of name or de- 
 scription, is sufficient for the 
 purposes of the story. 
 
 Stn. True. Fixed. Established. Regu- 
 lar. Incontrovertible. Undoubtful. Un- 
 deniable. Positive. Convinced. Assured. 
 
 Ant. Uncertain.. Dubious. Exceptional. 
 Irregular. Casual. Occasional. Question- 
 able, Doubtful. Uncertain. Vacillating. 
 Undecided. 
 
 Certainly, adv. See Certain 
 
 Stn. Surely, Positively. Unquestion- 
 ably. 
 
 Ant, Possibly. Probably. Perhaps. 
 Contingently. Occasionally. Doubtfully 
 
 Certainty, n. See Certain. 
 Is used objectively and subjec- 
 tively, that is, of fixity of facts, 
 and of confidence in the observer 
 or speaker. 
 
 Syn. Assurance. Demonstrableness. Posi- 
 tiveuess. Unquestionablenesa. Confidence. 
 Conviction. 
 
 Ant. Dubiousne.ss. Precarionsnesa. 
 
 Casualty. Vicissitvide, Uncertainty, Ir- 
 regularity. Hesitation. Doubt. Misgiving, 
 Ooi^ectufe. Indecision. 
 
 Certify, v. tr. See above. 
 To declare or prove certain, is 
 used of things and of persons io 
 
70 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 the sense of convince or make 
 certain. 
 
 Stk. Acknowledge. Aver. Avow, 
 Avouch. Testify. Protest Declare. De- 
 monstrate. Prove. Evidence. Inform. 
 Assure. 
 
 Ant. Disprove. Disavow. Misinform. 
 Misadvise. 
 
 Cessation, n. Cessare, from 
 cederCy to cease. 
 
 Stw. Stopping. Halt. Discontinuanoe. 
 Quiescence. Suspension. Intermission. 
 Abeyance. Pause. Rest. 
 
 Amt. Continuance. Uninterruptedneas. 
 Unintermission. Incessancy. 
 
 Cession, n. Gedere, to grant. 
 
 Syn. Concession. Yielding. Surrender 
 Abandonment. Relinquishment. Grant. 
 
 Aht. Retention. Claimance. Mainte- 
 nance. Appropriation. Usurpation. Vin- 
 dication. Assumption. 
 
 Chape, v. tr. and int. Cdlefa- 
 cere, to make hot. 
 
 Syn. GalL Vex. Irritate. Chagrin. 
 Tease. Harass. Disappoint. Grieve. 
 Annoy. Worry. ». Calcitrate. Resent 
 Resist Fret Fidget Writhe. 
 
 Ant. Soothe. Smooth. Coax. Calm. 
 Humour. Console. «. Submit. Endure. 
 Crouch. Truckle. Succumb. 
 
 Chaff, n. and v. Saxon ceaf, 
 a pod or husk, 
 
 Stn. Banter. Badinage. Nonsense. Fri- 
 volity. Trash. Chaffer. 
 
 Ant. Emphasis. Seriousness. Sense. 
 Substance. Reason. Argument I'ith. 
 Marrow. Gist 
 
 Chaffer, v. int. Conn, with 
 Cheap, an old word for market. 
 
 Syn. Haggle. Bargain. Stickle. Higgle. 
 Boggle. 
 
 Ant. Close. Conclude. Agree.. Nego- 
 tiate. 
 
 Chagrin, n. and v. A galling 
 vexation. Chagrin or Chagreen, 
 a hard granulated leather (used 
 also of a certain tough fish-skin, 
 which might be supposed to 
 chafe the limbs). See Chafe. 
 
 Challenge, v. tr. Cdlumniari. 
 Xo impeach, and so force a man 
 »*o clear himself. To summon to 
 Hocount for himself, as the chal- 
 
 lenge of a sentinel. As appiie<l 
 to statements, to dispute, or, at 
 least, call in question. 
 
 Syn. Defy. Dare. Summon. Question. 
 Investigate. Canvass. 
 
 Ant. Pass. Allow. Grant Concede. 
 
 Champion, n. Campio, campus. 
 A man of the field or lists. A 
 man of battle, especially on be- 
 half of some person or cause. 
 Also an acknowledged chief in 
 some department of competition. 
 
 Stn. Hero. Combatant. Warrior. Vin- 
 dicator. Challenger. Protector Defender 
 
 Ant. Renegade. Deserter. Poltroon. 
 Miscreant Traitor. Coward. Adversary 
 Opponent. 
 
 Chance, n. J^adentia, coders, 
 to fall. A bemlment. It has 
 been said that chance flows, 1, 
 from absence of assignable cause ; 
 2, absence of aim or design. 
 There is no essential difference 
 between these, as the design 
 would be the cause. 
 
 Syn. Accident. Fortuity. Hazard. Ran- 
 dom. Casualty. Befalment. Luck. 
 
 Ant. Law. Rule. Sequence. Conse- 
 quence. Causation. Effectuation. Inten- 
 tion. Purpose. Design. Certainty 
 
 Change, n. and v. Camhire, 
 whence cambist, one learned in 
 the theory of exchange. Has the 
 threefold meaning of, 1, altera- 
 tion; 2, substitution; 3, vicissi- 
 tude. Fr. changer, 
 
 Syn. Alter. Vary. Modify. Diversify. 
 Qualiiy. Transmute. Substitute. Fluc- 
 tuate. Shift Veer. Exchange. 
 
 Ant. Conserve. Retain. Stabilitate. Fix. 
 Clinch. Stand. Endure. Last. Hold. 
 
 Changeable, at/y.. Changeful, 
 adj. See Change. 
 
 It were well to keep up the 
 distinction between these words, 
 so as to use the former for such 
 vicissitude as comes of human 
 will or caprice, and the latter of 
 the variableness of incidents and 
 natural influences. So, changa> 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 71 
 
 fulness of weather or life ; change- 
 ttbleness of disposition. 
 
 Stk. Regular. Settled. Steady. Firm. 
 Stationary. Consistent. Resolute. Reliable. 
 Undeviating. Uniform. Immutable. Im- 
 movable. 
 
 Akt. Irregular. Unsettled. Unsteady. 
 Wavering. Fluctuating. Capricious. Irre- 
 solute. Vacillating. Variable. Mutable. 
 Plastic. 
 
 ChaRACTBB, n. Gr. xapaa-a-oa, 
 1 cjroove or engrave. A sculp- 
 tiired symbol, as an alphabetical 
 character. Taken for the aggre- 
 gate of the mental and moral 
 qualities. The social personality 
 of the man ; hence, also, the esti- 
 mation in which he is held by 
 society, which is repute ; or his 
 fixed place in it, sometimes 
 called capacity; of things with- 
 out hfe, the stamp or order. 
 
 Stk. Symbol. Type. Letter. Nature. 
 Disposition. Genius. Temperament. Cast. 
 Estimation. Repute. Reputation. OflBce. 
 Part. Capacity. Class. Order. Sort. 
 Stamp. Kind. 
 
 Ant. Vagueness. Anonymousness. Non- 
 description. Disrepute. 
 
 Charactbristio, n. and adj. 
 See Character. Stamping with 
 a distinctive character, or pecu- 
 liarly appertaining. 
 
 Stk. to adj. Distinctive. Specific. Pe- 
 culiar. Diagnostic. Idiosyncratic. 
 
 Ant. Common. Generic. Indistinctive. 
 General. Unspecial. Impersonal. 
 
 Stn. to nmm. DistiHction Peculiarity. 
 Diagnosis. Idiosyncrasy. Specialty. Indi- 
 viduality. Personality. Singularity. 
 
 Ant. Abstractedness. Nondescription. 
 Generality. Miscellany. 
 
 Characterize, v. tr. See 
 <?haracter. • 
 
 Stn. Mark. Distinguish. Describe. In- 
 dividualize. Specify. Identify. 
 
 Ant. Hint. Insinuate. Suggest Sketch. 
 A.dumbrate. 
 
 Charge, v. tr. See Career. 
 
 The rudimental notion is that 
 of purposely placing something 
 upon another person, or place, or 
 ihiiii;, *s the depositxDry of it, or 
 
 that to which rfc is consigned. 
 Hence such various meanings as 
 the following, involving, injunc- 
 tion, trust, accusation, assault^ 
 valuation, liability. 
 
 Stn. Direct. Enjoin. Advise. Admonish. 
 Entrust. Commit. Load. Accuse. Im- 
 peach. Attack. Assault. Impute. Carry. 
 
 Akt. Clear. Free. Discharge. Acquit. 
 Liberate. 
 
 The noun follows these signifi- 
 cations. 
 
 Charitable, adj. Chai-ity. 
 Caritas. The Christian grace of 
 love to God and man. 
 
 Stk. Kind. Benign. Benevolent. Bene- 
 ficent. Liberal. Considerate. Forgiving. 
 Compassionate. Placable. Inexacting. In- 
 extreme. 
 
 Akt. Uncharitable. Unkind. Harsh. 
 Selfish. Churiish. Illiberal. Censorious. 
 Unforgiving. Uncompasslonate. Implaca- 
 ble. Extreme. Exacting. Retaliatlve. Re- 
 vengefuL 
 
 Charm, v. and n. Carmen, a 
 song or magical incantation. 
 
 To charm is to affect, as if 
 magically, like bewitch. Charms 
 are those objects or personal at- 
 tractions, which have such an 
 effect, either in enslaving the 
 affections or subdujng the fierce- 
 ness or hostihty of persons or 
 influences. 
 
 Stn. Bewitch. Enchant. Fascinate. 
 Lay. Soothe. Mesmerize. Delight. En- 
 trance. Captivate. Subdue. 
 
 Ant. Disenchant. Disillusionize. Excite. 
 Rouse. Disturb. Annoy. Irritate. Alarm. 
 Terrify. Repel. Disgust. 
 
 Chary, adj. From Cai-e. 
 Taking care of a thing, so as to 
 be xmwilling to part with it; 
 hence, also, slow to enter on a 
 given line of action. 
 
 Stn. Cfireful. Cautious. Calculating. 
 Sparing. Saving. Reluctant. Slow. 
 
 Ant. Liberal. Lavish. Profuse. Eager. 
 
 Chasb, V. tr. Fr. chasse. Cap- 
 tiare, from capto, to cnt<-h afier. 
 To follow eagerly an obJ£4^ -lA 
 desire or aim. 
 
72 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 Swi. Pursue. Hunt. Follow. Drive. 
 Prosecute. 
 
 Akt. Abandon. Relinquish. Discard. 
 Wsmiss. Avoid. Elude. Evade. 
 
 Chastk, adj. Castus. Pure, 
 as a matter of nature or taste. 
 Purity in nature, and simplicity 
 in art, being analogous. 
 
 Snr. Pure. Modest. Uncontamlnated. 
 Incorrupt. Simple. Unaffected. Nice. 
 
 Ant. Impure. Meretricious. Corrupt. 
 Gaudy. Flashy. Over-decorated. 
 
 Chastkn, V. Chastibb, v. Both 
 from the same root as Chaste ; but 
 chasten bears the sense of suffer- 
 ing administered with the pur- 
 ix)se of purification, and in some 
 degree effecting its purpose; 
 Chastise, of personal discipline, 
 for the sake of correction of past 
 offences, and implying nothing 
 necessarily of any moral improve- 
 ment. 
 
 Snr. Purify. Discipline. Spiritualize. 
 Improve. Refine. ACBict. 
 
 Ant. Indulge. Sensualize. Brutalize. 
 Degrade. Corrupt. Pamper. Carnalize. 
 Spoil. Demoralize. 
 
 Chattels, n. Chattel is the 
 same word as cattle, primitive 
 property consisting in heads of 
 cattle. Hence the word capital 
 (commercially), from caput, the 
 head, expressing no longer live 
 stock, but stock in trade. Com- 
 pare the word Pecuniary, from 
 pecunia, money, which comes 
 from pecus, cattle, being at first 
 stamped with the heads or forms 
 of cattle, as the transition to a 
 more refined system of currency. 
 Chattels are strictly all goods 
 which are not the freehold ; but, 
 m common parlance, the word is 
 used in a wider sense. 
 
 Stw. GkKtds. Effects. Movables. 
 Aht. Freehold. 
 
 Chatter, n. and v. Fr. ca- 
 queter. Comp. Chat and Cackle. 
 
 A light rattling talk al)out ore's 
 own affairs or one's neighlx)urs\ 
 
 Snr. to n<yun. Rattle. Jabber. Cackle 
 Prattle. Twaddle. 
 
 Aht. (To talk well or not at all.) Rea. 
 son. Sense. Argument. Philosophy, ("on- 
 veraation. Reticence. . 
 
 CniAP, adj. From an Old 
 Eng. word, meaning market. So 
 cheap would at first mean Im3- 
 longing to market, and then, 
 easily, marketable or common. 
 It sometimes descends lower. 
 
 Stn. Common. Inexpensive. Uncostly 
 Mean. Vile. Worthless. 
 
 Ant. Rare. Costly. Expensive. Worthy, 
 Honourable. Noble. High. 
 
 Cheat, v. and n. 
 
 Cheat is probably the same 
 word as escheat, which again 
 was from scutum, a shield, iiidi 
 cative of feudal tenure of rights 
 or property. To escheat, then, 
 was to lapse to a superior, under 
 certain conditions of forfeiture. 
 In days of lawlessness the lords 
 would make and seize oppor- 
 tunities of escheat; hence, to 
 cheat is to do a person out of a 
 thing, and generally to deceive 
 him. 
 
 Stn. Beguile. Deceive. Dupe. Deprive. 
 Hoodwink. Prevaricate. Shuffle. I>is- 
 semble. Juggle. Inveigle. 
 
 Ant. Enlighten. Guide. Remunerate. 
 Compensate. Undeceive. Disabuse. 
 
 Stn. to noun. Deception. Fraud. Im- 
 position. Trick. Artifice. Illusion. Lie, 
 Fiction. 
 
 Ant. Truth. Reality. Verity Cer- 
 tainty. Fact. Genuineness. Veriflcatiou 
 Honesty. Authenticity. 
 
 Cheat, n. Of the person. 
 
 Stn. Deceiver. Impostor. Trickster, 
 Juggler. Dissembler. Hypocrite. Liar. 
 Rogue. Decoy. 
 
 Akt. Guardian. Undeceiver. Dupei 
 Gull. Victim. 
 
 Cheok, V. tr. Fr. ecliec; in 
 plural, echecs, chess. The etymo- 
 logy of this word is difl&cult. 
 Comp. Chess, Cheek, Check- 
 mate. It is sometimas said thai 
 
Synonyms and Anionymi. 
 
 73 
 
 Check mate is Persian. Sliah mat, 
 the king is dead, meaning the 
 conclusion of the game. How- 
 ever this may be, from the 
 French certainly come Chess and 
 Checik and Exchequer. The 
 latter would be a checkered or 
 parti-coloured board. Hence 
 check gained a two-sided mean- 
 ing ; one branched off into such 
 words as Chequered; the other 
 retaining the idea of restraining 
 or stopping, derived, not from 
 the board, but the game; then 
 these two streams converge and 
 meet in the banker's cheque, 
 wliich is at once a bill of ex- 
 chequer and a stop or check 
 upon the account. 
 
 Stn. Ciirb. Restrain. Stop. Stay. Im- 
 pede. Inhibit. Cohibit. 
 
 Ant, Ijoose. Liberate. Instigate. Ac- 
 celerate. License. Indulge. Allow. Abet. 
 
 Chkkr, n. Old Fr. cliere, the 
 face or countenance. So * Be of 
 good cheer.' Afterwards it was 
 restricted to the more favourable 
 or pleasing expressions of it, and 
 transferred to those things which 
 peculiarly make men of * cheer- 
 ful countenance,' namely, food or 
 provisions. 
 
 Sx». Hope. Happiness. Comfort. Hos- 
 pitality. Plenty. Conviviality. 
 
 Ant. Dejection, SuUenness. Gloom. 
 Starvation. Niggardliness. Dearth. In- 
 hospitableness. Churlishness. Unsoclable- 
 ness. 
 
 Cheerful, adj. See Cheer. Ap- 
 plied to persons and things. 
 
 Syn. Livelj'. Gay. Bright. Happy. 
 
 Bonny. Merry. Joyful. Pleasant. En- 
 livening. 
 
 Ant. Lifeless. DulL Gloomy. Un- 
 happy. Dejected. Depressed. Sullen. 
 Joyless. Melancholy. Depressing. Dis- 
 piriting. 
 
 Chebrlkss. See Cheerful. 
 Cherish, v. tr. Cams, dear. 
 Comp Caress. To hold a« dear. 
 
 To hold close or warm, and so 
 foster the life and growtli. Used 
 metaphorically, also, for the re- 
 tention of any kind of belief or 
 feeling. 
 
 Stn. Foster. Nurse. I'romote. Enter- 
 tain. Value. Encourage. 
 
 Ant. Stifle. Abandon. Discard. Dis- 
 courage. Check, 
 
 Chicanery, n. Old Fr. CA/c, 
 a small piece of anything. Espe- 
 cially to play tricks with ; hence 
 minuteness of dealing or speak- 
 ing running into subterfuge and 
 finesse. 
 
 Syn. Artifice. Subtlety. Sophistry. Sub» 
 terfuge. Prevarication. Shift. Trickery. 
 Dodge. Quibble. Mystification. Pettifog- 
 ging. Underhandedness. 
 
 Ant. Openness. Candour. Fairness. Co- 
 gency. Demonstratlveness. Soundness, 
 
 Chide, v. tr. Sax. To re- 
 prove angrily. 
 
 Syn. Rate. Scold. Trounce 
 
 Ant, Applaud. Flatter. Compliment* 
 
 Chief, adj. Same as Capital, 
 Fr. chef, the head. Lat. caput. 
 Syn. See Cardinal and Capital, 
 Ant, 
 
 Chieftain. See Chief. Comp. 
 Captain fi'om the Lat. cajovt, as 
 Chieftain is from the Fr. chef. 
 
 Syn. Captain. General. Commander 
 Leader. 
 
 Ant. Follower. Attendant, Retainer, 
 Subaltern. Vassal. Satellite. Miniou. 
 Adherent, 
 
 Childish, adj. Child. Goth. 
 Eesembling the weakness as 
 childlike is used for resembling 
 the virtues of childhood. Said 
 of character and action. 
 
 Syn. Weak. Silly, Puerile, Infantine. 
 Imbecile. Foolish. Trifling. Paltry. Tri- 
 vial. 
 
 Ant. Strong. Resolute. Manly. Wisa 
 Judicious. Sagacious. Chivalrous, Pro- 
 found. Politic 
 
 Chivalrous, adj'. Cheval, a 
 ?iorse. Chevalier, one who was 
 
74 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 BufB/jiently noble to serve in the 
 wars on horseback. 
 
 The term is therefore formed 
 to express that combination of 
 qualities such as bravery and 
 generosity, which befitted the 
 knight or gentleman; chivalry 
 being that system of knightly 
 state and manners which was re- 
 presented in the character and 
 conduct of the chevalier. 
 
 Stk. Courageous. Generous. Knightly. 
 Gallant. Heroic. Adventurous. Valiant. 
 Spirited. Handsome. Highminded. 
 
 Ant. Unhandsome. Dirty. Sneaking. 
 Pettifogging. Scrubby. Dastardly. Ke- 
 creant. Ungenerous. Ungentlemanly. 
 
 Choice, n. Old Eng. choose. 
 Also chese. Hence the phrase 
 ' quite the cheese.* A preference 
 made from two or more things. 
 Also the thing chosen or pre- 
 ferred. 
 
 Stn. Option. Adoption. Election. Se- 
 lection. R-eference. A.lternative. 
 
 Ant. Compulsion. Necessity. Rejec- 
 tion. Refusat Unimportance. Indiffer- 
 ence. Refuse. 
 
 Choice, adj. See Choice, n. 
 
 Syn. Select. Exquisite. Dainty. Pre- 
 cious. Cherished. Valuable. 
 
 Ant. Common. Ordinary. Inferior, 
 Cheap. Valueless, Despicable. Trum- 
 pery. 
 
 Choke, v. tr. Used metaphori- 
 cally of stifling statements or 
 proposals. 
 
 Stn. Throttle. Burke. Suffocate. Gag. 
 Stifle. 
 
 Ant. Eliminate. Educe. Promote. De- 
 monstrate. Discuss. Disseminate. Moot. 
 Bruit. Ventilate. 
 
 Choler. See Anger. 
 Choleric, adf. See Choler. 
 
 Stn. Hasty. Testy, Impetuous. Iras- 
 cible. 
 
 Ant. Cool. Phlegmatic. Serene. Pla- 
 cid. Dispassionate. Stoical. 
 
 Choose, v. tr. See Choice. 
 
 Stk. Se'ect. Elect. Prefer. Adopt. 
 Appropriate. 
 
 AvT. Ijeave. Dismiss. Reject. Refuse. 
 Decline. Dudaim. Repudiate, ignore 
 
 Chuckle, v. int. Comp. Cackle 
 To laugh with satisfaction half- 
 concealed. To harbour such 
 feeling. 
 
 Syn. Grin. Crow. Cackle. 
 Ant. Cry. Wail. Grumble. Whine. 
 Whimper. 
 
 Churlish, adj. From cewi, 
 the lowest class of Saxon freeman 
 The word in the character which 
 has attached to it seems to indi- 
 cate how naturally such qualities 
 are induced in times whennominal 
 liberty was not free from oppres- 
 sion, and the defects were im- 
 puted to the lower, as the virtues 
 of human character to the aris- 
 tocratic orders. 
 
 Stw. Illiberal. Niggardly. Inhospitable. 
 Unsociable. Unneighbourly. 
 
 Ant. Liberal. Bountiful Hospitable 
 Neighbourly. Sociable 
 
 Cipher, n. The system of. 
 numerals being Arabic, meant 
 the symbol of the absence of enu- 
 meration ; which, however, being 
 placed after the number, increases 
 its value tenfold. 
 
 Hence it has the various mean- 
 ings of a nonentity — a symbol, 
 and a peculiar system of writing, 
 either as a monogram or of secret 
 correspondence. 
 
 Sr». Nonentity. Dot. Nothing. Trifle. 
 Button. Fig. Straw. Pin. Rush. Mole- 
 hill. 
 
 Ant. Somebody. Big-wig. Something. 
 Notability. Celebrity. Triton. Colossus. 
 Star. 
 
 Circle, n. Lat. circulus. The 
 mathematical circle is a plane 
 figure bounded by a curved line 
 at all points equidistant from the 
 centre. But as centre is used 
 inexactly (see Centi'e), so circle is 
 used of a region or assembly o/ 
 persons socially united. 
 
 Stk. Region. Neighbourhood. Asseiu* 
 bly. Interoonrse. Family. Aoqaaintauce* 
 ship. Society. Coterieu 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 75 
 
 Ant Estrangement. Distance. Non- 
 communicative. Exclusion. 
 
 ClBOUlT, n. Circuitus. Cir- 
 cum and ire, to go. Distin- 
 guished from circumference as 
 being not mathematical, but a 
 sort of irregular circumference. 
 
 Syh. Tour. Circumference. 
 
 Ant. Line. Straigbtness. JJirectness. 
 
 Circuitous, adj. See Circuit. 
 
 Stn. Indirect Tortuous. Devious. 
 Ant. Direct. Linear. Straight. 
 
 Circular, adj. See Circle. 
 
 L Syn. Round. Spherical. 
 
 I Ant. Lineal. Direct, 
 
 Circulate. SeeCivde,act.t}. 
 Either to send or move through 
 a circuit. 
 
 Syn. Disseminate. I>ublish. Notify. 
 Travel. Spread. 
 
 Ant. Suppress. Avert. Stagnate. 
 Cease. Hush. 
 
 Circumference, n. Circum 
 and ferre, to bear. The line 
 which bounds the mathematical 
 circle is one which might be 
 drawn round a globe ; or, vaguely, 
 an outer enclosure or irregular 
 circuit. 
 
 Syn. Periphery. Enclosure. Circuit. 
 Outline. Boundary. 
 
 Ant. Diameter. Crossing. Bi-section. 
 
 ^ Transection. Transversion. 
 Circumlocution, n. Circum 
 and loqui. The voluntary or in- 
 voluntary use of roundabout 
 expressions; that is, either as 
 explanatory or from want of 
 skill in speech. 
 
 Syn. Periphrasis. Verbosity. Inconcise- 
 nees. Insucciuctness. Amblguousness. An- 
 Iractuosity. 
 
 Ant. Terseness. Point. Conciseness. 
 Succinctness. Condensation. Directness. 
 Plainness. Simplicity. Coherence. 
 
 ClRCUMSCRBBB, V. tr. Circum, 
 (irouvd, and scrihere, to write. 
 
 Syn. Define. Designate. Delineate. Li- 
 mit. Enclose. Confine. Restrict. Fence. 
 
 Ant. Expand. Dilate Dissipate, Dis- 
 SQclose. Di6tcQ(L 
 
 Circumscribe©, adj. See Cir- 
 cumscribe. 
 
 Syn. Limited. Narrow. Restiicted. 
 Ant. Limitless. Ample. Unconfined. 
 
 Circumspect, adj. Circum- 
 spicere, to look round, as if on the 
 look out for danger. 
 
 Stn. Cautious. Wary. Careful Watch- 
 ful. Scrupulous. Vigilant. 
 
 Ant. Heedless, incautious. Careless. 
 Reckless. Invigilant. Inclrcumspect. 
 
 Circumstance, n. Circmn- 
 stare, to stand around, i. e., the 
 surroundings of a case; thence, 
 an event or attendant condition. 
 
 Stn. Detail. Feature Point. 'I'opic. 
 Condition. Particular. Specialty. 
 
 Ant. Deed. Case. Occurrence. Trans- 
 actlop. 
 
 Circumstantial, adj. See Cir- 
 cumstance. 1. Proving not 
 directly but by attendant condi- 
 tions or facts; also, 2, entering 
 into circumstances or details. 
 
 Syn. inferential. Constructive. Minute 
 Detailed. Elaborate. Specitic. 
 
 Ant. 1. Jocular. Positive. 2, Loose. 
 General. Inaccurate. 
 
 Circumvent, v. tr. Circum- 
 venire. To come round or fetch 
 or compass, so as to take by sur- 
 prise. 
 
 Syn. Ensnare. Entrap. Outwit. Di- 
 plomatize. 
 
 Ant. Force. Subjugate R«dace. Compel. 
 
 Circumvention. See Cii-cum- 
 vent. 
 
 Cite, v. tr. Ciere, to call. 
 Freq. citare, to call up. To cite 
 persons authoritatively or quote 
 as from authority. 
 
 Stn. Summon. Call. Quote. Adduce. 
 
 Ant. Discard, Dismiss. Canvass. Dis- 
 pute. Reject. Contradict. Disprove, Chal- 
 lenge, Discredit. 
 
 Citizen, n. Civitas. One 
 who resides in a city, or one 'Who 
 has the rights of a free political 
 community, Fr. citoyen. 
 
 Syk. Townsman Inhabitant Burgess 
 Subject, Denizen 
 
 Ant Alien. Foreigner. Visitor. ErUfe 
 
70 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 Cnno, adj. Sci Citizen. Be- 
 longing to the administration, as 
 civil to the manners of the city. 
 
 6tn. Municipal. Corporate. Urbane. 
 Oppidati. 
 
 Ant. Suburban. Provincial. Raral. 
 Cosmopolitan. 
 
 Civil, adj. See Civic. 
 
 Syn. Urbane. TolUe. Obliging. Ac 
 commo<latinB. Respectful. 
 
 Ant. Disobliging. Un&x>ommodatlQg. 
 Disrespectful. Boorish. Clownish. Churl- 
 ish. Uncivil. 
 
 Civil, n. See Civil. 
 Civilization, w. See Civil. 
 
 Syn. Amelioration. Hunianlzation. Re- 
 finement. 
 
 Ant. Demoralization. Savagery. Bar- 
 barism. Brutality. Rudeness. 
 
 Claim, v. tr. Clamare, to call , 
 cut. The public assertion of a 
 right. The word seems to carry 
 back the mind to times when 
 writing was rare, and matters of 
 right were deteiTnined orally be- 
 fore witnesses. 
 
 Stn. Demand. Ask. Require. Insist. 
 
 Ant. Forego. 'Waive. Disclaim. Ab- 
 jure. Disavow. Abandon. Concede. Sur- 
 render. Repudiate. 
 
 Claim, v. See verb. 
 
 Syn. Assertion. Vindication. Arroga- 
 tlon. Demand. 
 
 Ant. Waiving. Abjuration. Disclaimer. 
 Surrender. 
 
 Claimant, n. See Claim. 
 
 Syn. Assertor. Vindicator. Appellant. 
 Litigant. 
 
 Ant. Relinquisher. Resig/ier. Waiver. 
 Concedcr. Renouncer. Abjurer. 
 
 Clamour, n. See Claim. A 
 loud contentious cry; a noisy 
 claiming or asking. It has also 
 by usage a repudiative force, as 
 in the phrase, * a clamour against 
 a person.' 
 
 Syx. Contention. Contentiousness. Squab 
 ble. Uproar. Outcry. Obloquy. 
 
 Akt. Silence, Acquiescence. Reticence. 
 
 Clandbstinb, adj. Clam, se- 
 eretly. 
 
 Snr. Fuutlre. Secret Sly Stealthy 
 Kwrtepxltloitt. 
 
 Ajnr, Open. Unreserved. Unconcealed 
 Announced. Advertised. Public. 
 
 Clabift, V. tr, Clarus, deaVt 
 and /acere, to make. 
 
 Stn. Purify, strain. Defecate. Preci- 
 pitate. Infiltrate. 
 
 Ajtt. Trouble. Foul. Thicken. Conta 
 minate. l^olluie. Muddle. 
 
 Clash, n. and v. Oerm.. To 
 meet in many collisions. Meta- 
 phorically, to bo signally dis- 
 cordant. 
 
 Syn. Differ. Disagree. Interfere. Jar. 
 Akt. Agree. Harmonize. Accord. 
 Comport. Chime. 
 
 Clasp, »i and V. Germ. To sur- 
 round so as to embrace tightly. 
 
 Stk. Orasp. Connect, Unite. Bracket 
 Concatenate. Jlmbrace. 
 
 Ant. Relax. Sever. Unclasp. Discon- 
 nect. Detach. Exclude. 
 
 Classical, adj. The word re- 
 fers to the original division of 
 the Eoman citizens or subjects 
 into political classes or ranks; 
 thence, the admission of books as 
 belonging to the purer ages and 
 styles of Greek and Eoman lite- 
 rature. Hence, again used of 
 the purity of any sample or stage 
 of literature or art. 
 
 Syn. Pure. Refined. Elegant Polished, 
 Chaste. Augustan. 
 
 Ant, Corrupt. Debased. Inelegant 
 Harsh. Barbarous. Uncouth. Unclassical 
 
 Classification, Class. Ori- 
 ginally the calling {Kkda-is, from 
 Kokctv, to call) together of the 
 primitive Eoman subjects; the 
 grouping of a number of things 
 or persons under some principle 
 of classification. 
 
 Syn. Order. Genus, Species, Nature. 
 Character. Cast. Stamp. Group. Kind. 
 Section. Sect. Category. Assortment. 
 Designation. Description. 
 
 Ant. Individuality. Specialty. Isola- 
 tion. Alienation. Division. Distinction 
 Singularity. Exclusion, Heterogeneity. 
 
 Classify. See Class. 
 
 Stn, Arrange, Systematize. Tabulate 
 Dispose. Collocate. Assort, 
 
 Akt. Derange. Confound, Disorder 
 Disorganise, intermix. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 77 
 
 Clause, n. Claudere, Clau- 
 $us, to shut. A pai-agraph or 
 grammatical sentence complete in 
 itself, and shut off. 
 
 Stn. Portion. Paragraph. Chapter. 
 
 Section. Passage. 
 
 Ant. Document, Instrument. Muni- 
 ment 
 
 Clean, adj. "Celtic. Pu!^ 
 from defilement or entanglement. 
 Used metaphorically. 
 
 SrK. Pure. Neat. Cleanly. Clear. Un- 
 clogged. Upright. 
 
 Ant. Impure. Untidy. Dirty. l!.n- 
 tangled. Hampered. Unclean. 
 
 Clbak, V. tr. Clarus, cleat' as 
 the light. To free physically; 
 also morally, as from imputation ; 
 or, mentally, from ideas which 
 require to he dissociated. 
 
 Stn. Clarify. Disencumber. Disentangle. 
 Disembarrass. Vindicate. Liberate. Ex- 
 tricate. Eliminate. I 
 
 Ant. Befoul. Contaminate. Pollute. 
 Clog. Encumber. Embarrass. Involve. 
 Implicate. 
 
 Clear, adj. Physically and 
 metaphorically. See above. 
 
 Stn. Open. Pure. Bright. Transpa- 
 rent. Free. Disencumbered. Disentangled. 
 Disengaged. Absolved. Acquitted. Plain. 
 Obvious. Intelligible. Lucid. 
 
 Ant. Thick. Muddy. Foul. Opaque. 
 Encumbered. Entangled. Condemned. 
 Convicted. Turbid. Dubioi\s. Indistinct. 
 Unintelligible. 
 
 Cleave, v. Two Saxon words 
 in one, meaning, the one actively 
 to sunder, the other neutrally to 
 adhere. 
 
 Stn. Sunder. Split. Divide. Rend. 
 Dissever. Adhere. Stick. • 
 
 Ant. Conserve. Unite. Splice. Bond. 
 Cement. Agglutinate. Consolidate. De- 
 sert. Depart. Separate. Apostatize. Se- 
 cede. 
 
 Clever, adj. Saxon. Able to 
 adapt means to a proposed end. 
 AppUed also to the work or re- 
 sult so contrived; said of the 
 mind and the hand. 
 
 Stn. Able. Ready. Talented. Quick. 
 Ingenious Dexterous. Adioit. Well-coD- 
 
 Ant. Weak. Dull. Stupid. Slow. 
 Doltish. Uninventive. Awkward. Clumsy 
 Ill-contrived. Bungling. Botched. 
 
 Climate, n. KXlveiv, to iii' 
 dine. The supposed inclination 
 of the earth from the equator to 
 the poles, which was imagined 
 to £ic count for the variation of 
 temperature in different localities. 
 The word is used of variation in 
 these two respects. 
 
 Stn. Air. Atmosphere. Temperature. 
 Weather. Clime. Sky. Region. Sphere. 
 Latitude. 
 
 Ant. Earth. Globe. World. Sphere. 
 
 Climax, n. Gr. A ladder. 
 The highest point. As a figuro 
 of rhetoric, the culminating or 
 most forcible expression. 
 
 Syn. Summit. Height. Consummation. 
 Acme. Point. Head. Meridian, Culmina- 
 tion. Zenith. 
 
 Ant. Base. Floor. Bathos. Anticlimax, 
 Depth. Gulf. Nadir. 
 
 Climb, v. int. Sometimes used 
 actively. Sax. climhan. 
 
 Stn. Ascend. Mount. Clamber. Swarm. 
 Surmount. Scale. Escalade. 
 
 Ant. Descend. Drop. Fall. Slip. Tumble. 
 Swoop. 
 
 Cling, v. int. Sax. clingun. 
 Used actively with the prep. to. 
 Used metaphorically, as, to cling 
 to principles or determination. 
 
 Stn. Fasten. Hold. Adhere. Slick. 
 Cleave. Hang. Twine. Hug Embrace. 
 
 Ant. Drop. Recede. Secede, Apostati/.e. 
 Abandon. FtClax. Forego. Surrender. 
 Swerve. 
 
 Clip, v. tr. Sax. 
 
 Stn. Curtail. Prune. Contract, Abridge. 
 Ant. Elongate. Cherish. Grow. Nourish, 
 
 Cloak, v. tr. Old Fr. cloche. 
 To throw a cloak over. Comp. 
 Palliate, from pallium, a cloak. 
 To hide wholly or in part. 
 
 Stn. Conceal. Disguise. Palliate. Screen. 
 i i4itigate. Extenuate. 
 I Ant. Exhibit, Propound Promulge. 
 i Portray. Aggravate. Expose. Demon, 
 strate. Reveal. 
 
 Clobs, adj. Claudere^ to shut. 
 
78 
 
 Synomjins and Antonyms. 
 
 Part, clausus. Used physically 
 and metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Narrow. Limited. Restricted. 
 Condensed. Packed. Secret. Keserved. 
 Niggardly. Shut. Fast. 
 
 Ant. Wide. Open. Ample. Spacious. 
 Airy, Unconfined. Dispersed. Rarefied. 
 Subtle. Vaporous. Patent. I'ublic. Ad- 
 vertised. Open-hatided. Liberal. Frank. 
 
 Close, v. tr. See adj. 
 
 Srs. Shut. Conclude. Complete. Stop. 
 Ant. Open. Initiate. Conduct. Pro- 
 tract. 
 
 Clothe. Sax. Used meta- 
 phorically of ideas and associa- 
 tions. 
 
 Syn. Invest. Robe. Drape. 
 Ant. Denude. Strip. Divest. 
 
 Clownish, adj. From Clown. 
 Colonus, a hmhandman. 
 
 Stn. Rustic. Boorish. Bucolic. Boeotian. 
 Awkward. Clumsy. Cloddish. Untutored. 
 Rude. 
 
 Ant. Polite. Civil. Urbane. Affable. 
 Graceful. Polished. Refined. Courtly. 
 High-bred. Intelligent. Educated. 
 
 Clumsy, adj. Clump, an old 
 verb. To bennmb. Using the 
 hands as if they were benumbed 
 with cold. Used of persons and 
 contrivances or productions. 
 
 Smr. Awkward. Inexpert. Maladroit. 
 Botching. Bungling. Unskilful, 
 
 Ant. Neat. Workmanlike. Artistic. 
 Handy. Skilful. Clever. Expert. Adroit. 
 Dexterous. 
 
 Cluster, n. and v. int. 
 
 Syn. Group. Bunch. Gathering. Muster. 
 Throng. 
 
 Ant. Scattering. Sprinkling. Disper- 
 sion. 
 
 Clutch, v. tr. and int. with 
 the prep. at. 
 
 Stn. Grasp. Grab. Seize. Snatch. 
 Pounce. 
 
 Ant. Liberate. Release. Emancipate. 
 
 Coadjutor, n. Con and adjic^ 
 vare, to assist. 
 
 STir. Assistant. Co-operator. Accessory. 
 Ally. 
 
 Amr. Accomplice. Accessory. Opponent. 
 Counteractor, Bafller, Adversary. Anta- 
 gonist 
 
 CoAGXJLATE, V. int. Coagulum, 
 turd. Con and agere, to work. 
 
 Syn. Mix. Blend. Fuse. Coalesoo, 
 Amalgamate. Condense. 
 
 Ant. Rarefy. Expand. Dissipate. Sub- 
 tilize. Discombine. 
 
 Coalesce, v. int. Con and 
 alescere, to grow, from alere, to 
 nourish. ExpTesses harmony of 
 consent. 
 
 * Syn. Harmonize. Blend. Mix. Amal- 
 gamate. Cohere. 
 
 Ant. Disagree. Discomport. 
 
 Coalition, n. See Coalesce. 
 
 Syn. Combination. Consenttmelty. Com- 
 promise. Consociation. Amalgamation. 
 Composition. 
 
 Ant. Dissociation. Disruption. Di»« 
 agreement. Dissentience. 
 
 Coarse, ac?/. Anciently written 
 Course— as if in the common 
 course; and so, metaphorically, 
 exhibiting characteristics of the 
 natural or common; not the po- 
 lished or refined. 
 
 Stn. Common. Ordinary. Rough. Rtide. 
 Unpolished. Immodest. 
 
 Ant. Fine. Refined. Gentle. Polished 
 Delicate, Choice. 
 
 Coax, v. tr. Coquus, a cooJc. 
 To hash up a little sayory dish 
 of wheedling. It implies also 
 persuasion against inclination, 
 and sometimes to the detriment 
 of the person coaxed. 
 
 Stn. Wheedle. Fawn. Flatter. Cajole. 
 Overcome. Seduce. Allure. Grcumvent. 
 
 Ant. Intimidate. Coerce. Impel. In- 
 stigate. Drive. 
 
 Cobble, v. tr. Germ, koppeln, 
 like Lat. cojpulare, to couple. To 
 join work clumsily. 
 
 Syn. Patch. Botch. Clout. Bungle. 
 Ant. Repair. Manipulate. Fine-draw. 
 
 Cobweb, n. Used metaphori- 
 cally for that which wants im- 
 portance or solidity; also for 
 that which still hangs together, 
 as — a prejudice, though it is high 
 time to sweep it away. 
 
 Syn. Trifle. Gpher. Moonshine. Pre 
 judice. Bugbear. Phantasy. Caprice. 
 
 Ant. Substance. Verity. Axiom. Law 
 Reality. Peipetuity. Institution. Truth. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 79 
 
 Cockney, n. and adj. An in- 
 habitant of Cocagne, a French 
 word, meaning a country of ima- 
 ginary luxuries and delicacies, 
 in which the houses are tiled 
 with sweetmeats, from Old Fr. 
 couque, It. cticca, a cake or dainty. 
 Applied to the citizens of London 
 by their simple or jealous fellow- 
 cotmtrymen. 
 
 Stn. Londoner. Citizen. Swell. 
 Ant. Clodhopper. Bumpkin. Lout. 
 
 CoDDLB, V. tr. From coquere, 
 coctus. To parboil, as it were, 
 with kindness; to make a little 
 too much of; to keep warm. 
 
 Syn. Spoil. Humour. Pamper. Nurse. 
 Caress. 
 
 Ant. Try. Expose. Inure. Harden. 
 
 Codger, n. Thought to be 
 cotier. Comp. Cot, Cotter, Cot- 
 tage, Cottager. An outlandish 
 old fellow. Associating also, like 
 Churl, the notion of niggardli- 
 
 Stn. Gaffer. Churl. Curmudgeon. 
 Ant. Swell. Fop. Spendthrift. Scape- 
 grace. Puppy 
 
 Codify, v. tr. Codex and 
 facere. To reduce a multiplicity 
 of laws, or, more gener^ly, a 
 number of opinions or statements, 
 to a more compendious form. 
 
 Syn. Summarize. Digest. Incorporate. 
 Embody. Condense. 
 
 Ant. Expunge. Abrogate. Disembody. 
 Annul. Disincorporate. Rescind. 
 
 Coerce, v. tr. Coercere. To 
 use force upon another, especially 
 metaphorically, as distinguished 
 from persuasion ; and is used of 
 compiision, prohibition, and con- 
 travention. 
 
 Stn. Restrain. Inhibit. Impel. Com- 
 pel. Drive. Counteract. Confine. Intimi- 
 date. 
 
 Airr. Permit. Persuade. Urge. Insti- 
 gate. Encourage. Liberate. Induce. Se- 
 duce. Tempt. 
 
 CoBTANEOUS, odj. Gon and cetas 
 (fxvunif oevitas). 
 
 Syk. CoevaL Contemporary. aynchronoiM 
 Ant. Incoincident. IncontenporaneotM. 
 Anachronistic. Asyncronoos. 
 
 Coeval. See Coetaneous. 
 
 ■ CoEXiBT, V. int. Con and ex- 
 istere {ex and sistere, to stand 
 out). To be, or continue to be, 
 together. 
 
 Stk. Concur. Comport Coalesce. A^ 
 company. Coincide. 
 
 Ant. Disconcttr. Discomport 
 
 Coexistent, adj. See Co- 
 exist. 
 
 Stn. Concurrent. Coetaneous. (^n. 
 temporary. CoL cident. Compatible. <Jor 
 respondent. Correlative. 
 
 Ant. Discurrent. Incontemporaneous. 
 Incompatible. Adverse. Repugnant. An- 
 tagonistic. 
 
 CoEXTENSiON, w. Con and 
 
 extendere, to reach. Equal in 
 length or space, physically or 
 metephorically. 
 
 Syn. Commensurateness. Equality. Pa- 
 rallelum. Conterminousness. 
 
 Ant. Incommensurateness. Inadequacy. 
 Inconterminousness. Divergency. In- 
 equality. Disparity. 
 
 Coextensive. See Coexten- 
 sion. 
 
 Cogent, adj. Cogere, to compel. 
 Used, not of physical, but moral 
 or logical force. 
 
 Stn. Forcible. Powerful. Potent. Strong. 
 Persuasive. Influential. 
 
 Ant. Weak. Ineffectual. Powerless. 
 Feeble. 
 
 Cogitate, v. int. Cogitare, 
 coagitare. To turn over and over 
 with one's self. Used in a neuter 
 sense, and in no specificreference 
 to any one line of thought or 
 subject. 
 
 Stn. Think. Ruminate. Meditate. Re- 
 flect. Brood. Contemplate. Speculate. 
 Ponder. Muse. 
 
 Ant. Idle. Maunder. Dream. 
 
 Cogitation, n. See Cogitate. 
 
 Stw. Reflection. Thought. Meditation. 
 Amt. Incogitancy. Vacuity. DreflmV 
 
80 
 
 Synonyms and Antonymn, 
 
 Cognizance, n. Cognoscere, to 
 twte. Recognition or knowledge. 
 Also used, technically, of that 
 which is a distinctive emblem or 
 badge, by which the bearer may 
 bo recognized. 
 
 Stn. Notice. Observation. Kecognition. 
 Knowledge. Experience. 
 
 Ant. Inadvertence. Neglect. Ignorance. 
 Inexperience. Oversight Connivance. 
 
 Cognizant, adj. See Cogni- 
 zance. 
 
 Stn. Aware. Informed. 
 
 Ant. Unaware. Uninformed. Ignorant. 
 
 Cohere, v. int. Con and 
 hcerei^e, to stick. To stick to- 
 gether. Used physically and 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Stick, Adhere. Conform. Unite. 
 Coalesce. 
 
 Akt. Sever. Separate. Disunite. Dis- 
 integrate. 
 
 Coherent, adj. See Cohere. 
 Used especially of logical or rhe- 
 torical coherence. 
 
 Stn. Consecutive. Consistent. Com- 
 plete. Compact. Sensible. IvOglcal. Close. 
 
 Ant. Inconsecutive. Rambling. J)is- 
 uuited. Inconsistent. Discursive. Loose. 
 Silly. Illogical. Aberrant. 
 
 COHIBIT, V. tr. Cohihere, to 
 hold in. Restrain. 
 
 Stn. Prevent. Hinder. Restrain. Curb. 
 Inhibit. 
 
 Ant. Indulge. Permit. Incite. Insti- 
 gate. Encourage. Urge. 
 
 Coin, v. tr. Cunetis, a wedge 
 or die for stamping, transferred 
 to the thing stamped. Used me- 
 taphorically for the invention of 
 new forms, as of words, and of 
 false allegations. 
 
 Stn. Fabricate. Counterfeit. Invent. 
 Ant. Misform. Mlscontrive. 
 
 Coincidence, n. Con and in- 
 cidere, to fall upon or out. Used 
 of the fortuitous meeting of two 
 things bearing relation or pro- 
 priety; also in its etymological 
 sense of agreement in time, place, 
 or opinion. 
 
 Stn. Chance. Fortuity. Casualty. Con- 
 temporaneousness. CommensuratenesB. Har- 
 mony. Consent. Agreement. 
 
 Ant. Design. Purpose. Adaptatioa 
 Asynchronism. Anachronism. Disharmony 
 Incommensuratcness. Discordance. Varia- 
 tion. Difference. 
 
 Collapse, n. Con and lapsus 
 A falling in, or general giving 
 way of the parts, either of that 
 which is materially coherent only, 
 or of the vital faculties and 
 powers. 
 
 Stn. Subsidence. Coma. Faint. Ex- 
 haustion. Shrivelling, Settlement Down- 
 fall. 
 
 Ant, Stability. Integrity. Vitality. 
 
 Vigour. Renovation. Redintegration. !{«• 
 
 covery. Re-erection. Resuscitation. He- 
 animation. 
 
 Collate, v. tr. Con and/e/re, 
 part, latus. To bring together, in 
 a mental sense, ideas or passages 
 of writing, generally with a view 
 of comparison or classification; 
 and not unfrequently as tending 
 to establish a view or particular 
 interpretation. 
 
 Stn. Adduce. Collect Compare. Gather 
 Induct. Extract. Cite. 
 
 Ant. Verify. Identify. Recognize. Au- 
 thenticate. 
 
 Collateral, adj. Latus, the 
 side. Applied to relationship 
 and evidence or argument. 
 
 Stn. Indirect Related. Connected. 
 Parallel. 
 
 ANT. Direct Linear. Essential. In- 
 tegral. 
 
 Collation, n. See Collate. 
 Used technically of repasts and 
 of episcopal patronage. 
 
 Colleague, n. Con and legere, 
 to choose. One chosen or aj>- 
 pointed to the same office with 
 another. 
 
 Stn. Coadjutor. Partner. Assistant 
 Adjutant Assessor, 
 
 Ant. Co-opponent Co-rival. Counter, 
 agent, Co-antagonist. Competitor. Col- 
 luctator 
 
 Collect, v. tr. CdUigere, pan, 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 81 
 
 collect m. Used physically and 
 amilogously. 
 
 Stn. Collate. Gather. Glean. Sum. 
 Infer. Learn, 
 
 Ant. Classify. Arrange. Distribute. 
 Dispose. Dispense. Divide. Sort. Deal. 
 
 CoLLBOTKD, adj. See Collect. 
 Said of tlie faculties. 
 
 Syn. Calm. Composed. Cool. Atten- 
 tive. Self-possessed. 
 
 Ant. K.xcited. Distracted. Wandering. 
 Dazed. Scared. Bewildered. 
 
 Collection, n. See above. 
 Said of persons and tilings. 
 
 Stn. Assembly. Assemblage. Store. 
 Gathering. Collation. 
 
 Ant. Dispersion. Distribution. Dis- 
 pensation. Division. Arrangement. Classi- 
 fication. Disposal. 
 
 CoLLiQUATE, V. act. and nent. 
 Co7i and Uquare. To melt away 
 by instalments. 
 
 Syn. Melt. Dissolve. Dribble. Drain. 
 Ant. Replenish. Fill. Overflow. A- 
 bound. 
 
 Collision, n. Colltdere, to 
 strike io(/ether. The violent meet- 
 ing of hard substances. Meta- 
 ])liorically used of hostile en- 
 counters in conflict. 
 
 Syn. Kncounter. Crash. ■ Conflict. Op- 
 position. Impact. 
 
 Ant. Interswerving. Interdivergence. 
 Shave. 
 
 Collocate, v. tr. Con and 
 focus, a place. To place one or 
 more things in proper or close 
 proximity. 
 
 Stn. Place. Locate. Arrange. Classify. 
 Tabulate. Allocate. 
 
 Ant. Move. Dislocate. Distribute. Dis- 
 pense. Disturb. Disperse. Confound. Con- 
 fuse. Displace. Misplace. 
 
 Collocation. See Collocate. 
 
 Colloquy, n. Con and loqui, 
 to speak. A formal meeting in 
 conversation, 
 
 Stm. Conference. Consultation, Cbnver- 
 •tttlon. Council. Confabulation. 
 
 Ant. Clamour. Outciy. Tumult, Babel, 
 
 C'OLLUOTATioN, w. A Struggle. 
 Ft'om con and luctus, striving. 
 
 Sm. Wrestling, Contention. Oompttl 
 tion. 
 
 Ant. Coadjutorship. Assistance. Sni>^ 
 port. Backing. 
 
 Collusion, n. Con and ludere, 
 to spori or i)lay. A conspiracy 
 for purposes of trickery. 
 
 Syn. tbnnivance. Accompliceship. Con- 
 federacy. 
 
 Ant. Baffling. Frustration. Counter- 
 action. Defeat. Discomfiture. Disconcert- 
 ment. Betrayal. Exjujsure. Jnformership. 
 Traitorship. 
 
 Colour, n. Lat. color. Used 
 metaphorically for tinging statti- 
 ments or cases. 
 
 Syn. Hue. Tint Complexion. Spe- 
 ciousness. Garbling. Falsification. Distor- 
 tio!i. Perversion. Varnish. 
 
 Ant. Achromatism. Paleness. Naked- 
 ness. Openness. Germineness. Trans- 
 parency. Truthfulness. 
 
 Colourable, adj. See Colour. 
 A word not formed with strict 
 propriety. 
 
 Syn. Specious. Ostensible. Deceptive. 
 Warped. Dressed. Tinged. 
 
 Ant. Genuine. Candid. Open, Nak'nl 
 Transparent. 
 
 Combat, n. Gomhdtre, to hntt 
 together. 
 
 Syn. Encounter. Conflict. Engagement. 
 Arms. Battle. 
 
 Ant. Surrender. Submission. Me<lia- 
 tion. Reconciliation. Truce. Arbitration. 
 
 Combination, n. Con and 
 
 hinus, two each, or two. Extendeil 
 to more than two. 
 
 Syn. Union. Association. Consortmont. 
 Concert. Confederacy. Synthesis. Co- 
 operation. 
 
 Ant. Division. Disunion. Disruption. 
 Dissolution. Dispersion. Analysis. Oppo- 
 sition. Resistance. Inter-repellence. 
 
 Comely, adj. That which 
 comes well or becomes. 
 
 Syn. Seemly. Graceful. Shapely. Ele. 
 gant. 
 
 Ant. Unseemly. Ungraceful. Unshapely 
 Inelegant. 
 
 Comfort, Comfortablk. Con 
 and fortis, strung. 
 
 The first notion of comfort 
 must JLave been tho supply o, 
 
82 
 
 SynonyTns and Antonyms. 
 
 Buch things as fortified a man's 
 position, making him self-suffi- 
 cient, so as to bear up against 
 trouble, want, and the like. It 
 lias assumed a meaning, in re- 
 ference to^ every-day circum- 
 stances, which it is a familiar 
 boast of Englishmen that no 
 other language has a word to 
 express. It applies to mind, 
 body, and circumstances. 
 
 Syn. Snug. Satisfied, Conaoled. 
 Ant. Uncomfortable. Dissatisfied. 
 Troubled. 
 
 Comity, n. Comitas, comis, 
 bland, pleasant. 
 
 Syn. Urbanity. Pleasantness. Affa- 
 bility. Blandness. 
 
 Ant. Rudeness. Distantness. Rough- 
 ness. Churlishness. 
 
 Command, v. tr. Con and 
 raandare, to order. 
 
 Syn. Order. Direct. Instruct. Enjoin. 
 
 Ant. Supplicate. Entreat. Persuade. 
 Keg. Petition. Suggest. Represent. 
 
 Commemorate, v. tr. Con and 
 memor, mindful. To keep up, 
 either for once or periodically, 
 the remembrance of past events 
 or persons by more or less public 
 transactions. 
 
 Syit. Perpetuate. Celebrate. Solemnize. 
 Keep. 
 
 Ant. Ignore. Drop. Abolish. Forget. 
 Obliviate. 
 
 Commence, v. act. and neut. 
 Corrupted from con and initiare, 
 to hefjin. Fr. commencer. 
 
 Syn. Begin. Start. Initiate. Open. In- 
 augurate. 
 
 Ant. Finish. Terminate. Conclude. 
 Consummate. Complete. 
 
 Commend, v. tr. 
 
 Syn. Praise. Laud. Approve. En- 
 courage. Applaud. Eulogize. 
 
 Ant. Blame. Censure. Disapprove. 
 Discourage. Denounce, Condemn. Dis- 
 commend. 
 
 Commendation. See Com- 
 mend. 
 Commensurate, adj, (Jon and 
 
 mevisura, a measure. Strictly ap- 
 plicable only to cases in which 
 two or more things have either 
 physically or metaphorically the 
 same outlines, and so are co- 
 extensive. Usage, however, ap- 
 plies it, as it does the term ade- 
 quate, to number as well as size. 
 
 Syn. Equal. Adequate. SufiBdent. Co- 
 extensive. Conterminous. 
 
 Ant. UnequaL Short. Scant, laade- 
 quate. InsufiQcient. Incommensurate. 
 
 Comment, n. and v. Commen- 
 tari, a form of comminisci ,- root, 
 mens, the mind. The gathering 
 of a meaning into such a shape 
 as may expound it ; followed by 
 the prep. upon. 
 
 Syn. Note. Observe. Interpret. lUus-, 
 irate. Expound. Explain. Dilate Ex- 
 patiate. Criticise. 
 
 Ant, Confound. Confuse. Obscure. 
 Mystify. Misinterpret. Misapprehend. 
 Misconceive. Misrepresent. 
 
 Comment, n. Follows the 
 same meanings. 
 
 Commentator, n. See Com- 
 ment. 
 
 Syn. Interpreter. Explainer. Note- 
 maker. Expositor. Scholiast, GlossarLst. 
 Elucidator. 
 
 Ant. Mystifier. Misinterpreter. Puzzler 
 Enigmatist. CEdipus. 
 
 Commerce, n. Con and merx. 
 Merchandize. 
 
 Syn. Trade. Traffic, Barter. Mer- 
 chandize. Exchange. Business. Dealing. 
 Intercourse. 
 
 Ant. Stagnation. Exclusion. Dulness. 
 Inactivity, interdict. Embargo. 
 
 Commiserate, v. tr. Con and 
 miser, miserable. This word has 
 the two meanings of despise anj 
 pity. For it is plain that the 
 miserable condition of another, 
 according to the disposition of 
 the beholder and the circum- 
 stances of the case, may raise on 
 one occasion pity, on another 
 contempt. 
 
 * Stn. Despise. Contemn. Pity. C««u 
 IMUJsiouate. Sympathize. CuudoUi. 
 
Sijnonyms and AnionyntH. 
 
 ^3 
 
 ANT. Admire. Envy., Disregard. Mal- 
 *p&t. Molest. Ignore. Condemn. 
 
 Commiseration, n. Follows 
 the same meanings. 
 
 Commit, v. fr. Con and mittere, 
 iij 'pat or place. Said of deeds 
 generally, and of the specific 
 consignment also, both of things 
 and persons, as, to commit to 
 ]mper or to prison. 
 
 Stn. Perpetrate. J^Ixecute. Kelegate. 
 Intrust. Assign. Allocate. Consign. 
 
 Ant. Omit. Miscommit. Misconsign. 
 Misintrust. 
 
 Commodious, adj. See Accom- 
 modate. 
 
 Syn. Convenient. Spacious. Ample. 
 Easy. 
 
 Ant. Inconvenient. Incommodious. Nar- 
 row. Ill-contrived. Incommensurate. Dis- 
 ronimodious. 
 
 Commodity, n. A convenient 
 article of commerce having a 
 market value. 
 
 Stx. Article. Stock. Ware. Staple. 
 Ant. Refuse. Garbage. OfTal. Drug. 
 
 Common, adj. Communis. 
 Either that which belongs to 
 many, or that which belongs to 
 all, or which all have in com- 
 mon. 
 
 SvN. Ordinary. Familiar. Frequent. 
 Coarse. "Vulgar. Universal. 
 
 Ant. Unusual. Exceptional. Rare. 
 Scarce. Uncommon. Retined. Partial. 
 Sporadic. Infrequent. Excellent. Egre- 
 gious. 
 
 Commotion, w. Con and mo- 
 vere. An agitation of, first, the 
 inherent particles of a body ; and, 
 secondly, any agitation, however 
 wide, which produces a single 
 and uniform impression. 
 
 Syn. Agitation. Disturbance. Tumult 
 Excitement. Perturbation. Turmoil. 
 
 Ant. Quiescence. Calm. Subsidence. 
 Pacification. Tranquillity. Appeasement. 
 Mitigation. Soothing. Allaying. Mode- 
 rating. 
 
 Communtoatj*:, v. Communis. 
 \n used actively and neutrally. 
 
 Hi«. Adjoin. Touch. Join. AttAch. 
 
 I Co-operate. Unite. Impart, lell. An- 
 nounce. Declare. 
 
 Ant. Separate. Disjoin. Recede. Stop. 
 Suppress. Conceal Secrete. Reserve. 
 Withhold. 
 
 Communion, n. See Communi- 
 cate. Used for the process of 
 participation and the aggregate 
 of the participants. 
 
 Syn. Share. Participation. Partnership. 
 Comportionment. Fellowship. Association. 
 Intercourse. 
 
 Ant. Exclusion. Deprivation. Non- 
 participation. Disqualification. Alienation. 
 Disconnection. Disruption. 
 
 Community, n. See Commu- 
 nion. Natural likeness ; or, ob- 
 jectively, an association of per- 
 i sons, pohtical or voluntary, as 
 based upon the feelings or ideas 
 which bind them together. 
 
 Syn. Aggregation. Association. Co- 
 ordination. Society. Sympathy, Order. 
 Class. Brotherhood. Fraternity. I'olity. 
 Nationality. Unity, Similarity. Homo- 
 geneity. 
 
 Ant. Segregation. Secession, Inde- 
 pendence. Dissociation. Discoiniectlon. 
 Rivalry. Hostility. Animosity. Estrange- 
 ment. Dissimilarity. Contrariance. Hete- 
 rogeneity. 
 
 Commute, v. tr. Commutare. 
 Has this difference from trans- 
 I mute, that whereas the latter i? 
 ! to change, in the sense of, to alter 
 j into another shape abstractedly, 
 I Commute is to alter into some 
 I equivalent or correspondent form. 
 
 j Syn. Substitute. Exchange. Compen- 
 I sate. Equalize, Barter. Baknce. Modify 
 Ant. Misappropriation. Misconvert. 
 ! Misappropriate. Disallow. Stabilitate. Per- 
 petuate. Stereotype. 
 
 Compact, adj. Con and pan- 
 gere, pactus, to strike. Beaten 
 close. Used physically and meta- 
 phorically. 
 
 Syn. Dense. Close, Hard. Condensed 
 Contracted. Compendious, Convenient, 
 Concentrated. Consolidated. Concrete, 
 
 Ant, Ductile. Brittle. Friable, Diffuse 
 Unshapely, Straggling. Broadcast. Sparse. 
 Dispread. 
 
 Companion, n. Der. either 
 from con and pan is, h/t.ad; ajid 
 
84 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 fio, primarily, a messmate; or 
 from compago-ayiiiis, a holt or 
 fastening. One fastened to an- 
 other on terms of habitual equal 
 friendship. 
 
 Syn. Associate. Mate. Comrade. 
 Ant. Rival. Foe. Antagooist. Adver- 
 Bary. 
 
 COi-CPANIONABLE, adj. See 
 
 Companion. Having the quali- 
 ties for constituting a good com- 
 panion. 
 
 Syn. Pleasant. Affable. Sociable. Con- 
 versible. Easy. Friendly. Agreeable. 
 Gregarious. 
 
 Ant. Disagreeable. Cbnrlish, Unso- 
 ciable. Distant. Reserved. Ungenial, 
 Cold. Inaccessible. Unneighbourly. Soli- 
 tary. 
 
 Companionship,??. /S'ee above. 
 
 Syn. Acquaintance. Converse. Fami- 
 liarity. Intimacy. Friendliness. Associa- 
 tion. 
 
 Ant. Ignorance. Distance. Avoidance. 
 Kstrangement, Alienation. Unfamiliarity. 
 Solitude. Isolation. 
 
 Company, n. See above. 
 
 Syn. Aggregation. Association. Union. 
 Sodality. Order. Fraternity. Guild. 
 
 The characteristic of an order 
 seems to be that it is constituted 
 by external authority, or, at least, 
 depends upon it for its existence. 
 So of orders of knighthood and 
 religious orders, which could not 
 be without the sovereign and the 
 pope, when re^rded irrespec- 
 tively of such essential authority, 
 they may be spoken of as purely 
 voluntary or independent associa- 
 tions, sodahties, fraternities, or 
 societies. 
 
 Ant. Rivalry. Opposition. Disqualifi- 
 cation. Antagonism. Competition. Counter- 
 •gency. Coimter-association. 
 
 Compare, v. tr. Comparare. 
 To place together for the sake of 
 observing likeness, 
 
 Syn. Assimilate. C<.llat«. Parallel. 
 Ant. Co'itrast. Oppose. Diwociate. 
 Piflconoect. Pit. Distinfaiah, 
 
 Comparable, adj. See Com- 
 pare. 
 
 Syn. Resembling. Approximate. Si- 
 milar. 
 
 Ant. Dissimilar. Unlike. Remote. In- 
 ferior. 
 
 Comparative, adj., Compara- 
 tively. See above. Said of 
 persons and things which, with- 
 out equalling others, or some 
 abstract standard, absolutely, do 
 so with reference to due propor- 
 tion of circumstances, and in their 
 measure. 
 
 Syn. Relatively. Proportionately. 
 Ant. Absolutely. Actually. I'osl lively. 
 Superlatively. 
 
 CoMPART.MENT, w. Con and 
 paHiri, to divide; from pars, part, 
 or lot. 
 
 Syn. Division. Partition. Allotment 
 Spbere. Space. 
 
 Ant. Its correlative: viz., anything of 
 which it is a compartment. 
 
 Compass, n. Con and pasma, 
 a pace. A space enclosed by a 
 walker ; a region ; generally, the 
 circuit or circumference of it. 
 
 Syn. Area. Enclosure. Circuit. Cir- 
 cumference. Horizon. 
 
 Ant. space. Common. Tract. Ex- 
 panse. Boundlessness. Limitlessness. Jn- 
 definiteness. 
 
 Compass, v. tr. See above. 
 Has, in addition to the literal 
 sense of encircling, the metapho- 
 rical meanings of embracing and 
 completing a design. ' He com- 
 passed the other's ruin. 
 
 Syn. Surround. Encompass. Enclose 
 Environ. Circumscribe. Embrace. Achieve. 
 Effect. Effectuate. Consummate. Com- 
 plete. Circumvent. 
 
 Ant. Expand. Dispand. Unfold. Am- 
 plify. Display. Dismiss. Libt-rate. Dis- 
 card. Fail. Bungle. Botch. Misconceive, 
 Mismanage. Miscontrive. 
 
 Compassion, n. Con and pati, 
 passio, to suffer, or be in a stat« 
 of feeling. 
 
 SvN. Pity, Sympathy. Commiserattoa 
 Pardon. 
 
 Akt, llard-beartedness. Unforfivetio* 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 S5 
 
 Orim 17 Antipatliy. Denunciation. Con- 
 demnation, Vindictivenes8. Retaliation. 
 
 Compatible, arlf. See above. 
 Said of that which may coexist 
 in the same state of circnm- 
 stances, or those things of which 
 a person or a thing may be col- 
 lectively, at one time, the reci- 
 })ient. Also coincident with ex- 
 ternal circumstances that are jws- 
 sible or consistent. 
 
 Syn. Consistent. Consentaneous. Har- 
 monious. Coexiotent. Correspondent. 
 Congruous. 
 
 Ant. Jncompatible. Impo.-isible. Insup- 
 jx)sable. Inconsistent. Discordant. Hostile. 
 Adverse. Antagonistic Incongruous. De- 
 slmctive. Interrepugnant, Contradictorj'. 
 
 Compeer, n. Compar, equal. 
 Equal, in the first instance, poli- 
 tical ly or in social rank; hence, 
 generally, on terms of equality or 
 comi)aiiionship. 
 
 SrN. Equal. Co-ordinate. Peer, Fel- 
 low, illatc. Coi patriot. Comrade. 
 Ant. Superior. Inferior. Solitary. 
 
 Compel, v. tr. Con and pel- 
 leir, to drim. Used of promotive 
 not restrictive force. 
 
 SvN. Force, Oblige. Drive. Coerce. 
 Bind. 
 
 Ant. Persuade. Convince. Coax. Al- 
 lure, l^^gg. Induce. Tempt. Seduce. 
 Cozon. liiberate. Acquit. Release. 
 
 Compendious, adj. Of the 
 nature of compendium, from con 
 and pendere, to weujh, A collec- 
 tion of chief elements, such that 
 the subject or work may be 
 weighed in a convenient form. 
 
 SvN. Condensed. Concentrated. Abridged. 
 Commodious. Convenient UsefuL Handy. 
 Compreiiensive. Compact. 
 
 Ant. Diffuse. Vague. Prolix. Shape- 
 less. Cumbrous. Undigested. 
 
 Compendium, n. See Compen- 
 dious and Abridgment. 
 
 Compensate, v. Con and pen- 
 s<'re, to pay. Used actively and 
 intransitirely, the l^itter with the 
 f t'ej>. tor. 
 
 SrN. Satisfy. Atoiic. Remunerate. In« 
 demnify. Reimbnree. 
 
 Ant. Defraud. Deprive. Cheat. Dis^ 
 satisfy. Injure. Damage. 
 
 Compensation, n. See Com- 
 pensate. Is given to individuals 
 and to the state. 
 
 Syn. Remuneration. Ecjuivalent. Wages. 
 Pay, Allowance. Restoration. Restitulioti, 
 Satisfaction, Atonement. Expiation, In- 
 demnification. Amercement. Damages. 
 
 Akt. Deprivation. Injury, Non-pay- 
 ment. Gratuity. Donation, Fraudulence. 
 Damage. 
 
 Compete, v. int. Con and ;>e- 
 tere, to seek. To aim at the same 
 object with another. 
 
 Syn. Contend. Rival. Emulate. 
 Ant. Share. Participate 
 
 Competence, n. See Compete. 
 Competentia, from competere, in 
 the sense of to bo suitable or 
 sufficient. The convergence of 
 many requisites in one person; 
 hence, such as the following : 
 
 Syn, Power, Adequacy. Sufficiency. 
 Wealth. Ability. 
 
 Ant, Weakness. Incompetence, I.ia- 
 bility. Insufficiency. Want. Poveity. 
 Impecuniosity. Indigence. 
 
 Competition, n. See Compete. 
 Competitor, n. See Compete. 
 
 Syn. Rival, Emulator, Opponent. Ad- 
 versary. Antagonist. 
 
 Ant. Participator. Partner. Auxiliary 
 Colleague. 
 
 Compilation, n. Compilare, 
 in Lat. to pillage, afterwards used 
 for to stow or pack together. 
 
 Syn. Collation. Composition. Patch- 
 work. 
 
 Ant. Effusion. Creation. 
 
 Complacent, adj. Con and 
 2)lacere, to please. Applied to that 
 state of pleasure which leads to 
 acquiescence, and which may be 
 natural or habitual. 
 
 Syn. Pleased. Satisfied. Content. Plea- 
 sant. Affable. Kind. Mannerly, Ac- 
 quiescent. Amiable. 
 
 Ant. Dissatisfied. Irritated, Churlis^h. 
 Unmannerly. Morose. Austert. 6ra4>i:: 5 
 
 Cc|f?LAlNT, n. Cor, aud J Ja/*» 
 
86 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 ffere, to weep. Used for the feel- 
 ing, the subject, and the expres- 
 sion of pain, annoyance, or dis- 
 content ; also, technically, in the 
 sense of the physical cause of 
 such expression, namely, disease. 
 
 SxN. Murmur. Discontent Repining. 
 Grievance. Annoyance. Remonstranoei 
 Expostulation. Lamentation. Slclcnesg. 
 
 Ant. Congratulation. Rejoicing. Com- 
 placency. Boon. Benefit. Approbation. 
 Applause. Jubilee. Health. Sanity, 
 
 Complement, n. Complere, to 
 fill. Is used both of quantity 
 and number; 1, as filling up 
 of the whole to its proper mea- 
 sure ; and, 2, the supply of what 
 is wanted to the completion or 
 perfection of it. In the first 
 sense, so many men are the com- 
 plement of a ship's crew ; in the 
 second, the wife is the comple- 
 ment of the husband, or vice 
 versa. 
 
 Syn. Completion. Fulfilment. Totality. 
 Sui)ply. Counterpart. Correlative. 
 
 Ant. Deficiency Deficit. Insufficiency. 
 Abatement. Detraction. Defalcation. Dimi- 
 nution. Drawback. 
 
 Complete, adj. See Comple- 
 ment. 
 
 Syn. Full. Perfect. Finished. Ade- 
 quate. Entire. Consummate. 
 
 Ant. Incomplete. Partial. Imperfect. 
 Unfinished. Inadequate. 
 
 Completely, ariy. See Com- 
 l)lcte. 
 
 Completion, n. See Complete. 
 
 Complex, «(//. Oon and plicare, 
 to fold. Folded thickly or intri- 
 cately. Said of intricacy of move- 
 ment, plan, proceeding, or argu- 
 ment. 
 
 Syn. Intricate. Multifarious. Multifold. 
 Involved. Deep. Many-sided. Abstruse. 
 Close. Tangled. Obscure. 
 
 Ant. Obvious. Plain. Simple. Direct. 
 Inobscure. Superficial. Unravelled. Vague. 
 Loose. 
 
 CoMPLBxioN, n. Same root. 
 
 The latter is used motaphoricallj 
 or analogously for — 
 
 Syn. Face. Aspect. Colour. Appear- 
 ance. Character. Hue. Interpretation. 
 Indication. 
 
 Ai^T. Unindicativenesa. Ccncealment 
 Reticence. Inexpression. Heart. Core. 
 
 Complexity, n. See Complex. 
 
 Compliance, n. Either from 
 complere, to fill up the measure 
 of another's requirements, or com- 
 pUcare, to enfold one's self with 
 them and his designs. Comp. 
 Accomplice. 
 
 Syn. Yielding. Submission. Obedience. 
 Acquiescence. Ctonsent, Ductility. Docility. 
 
 Ant. Resistance. Repulsion. Disobedi- 
 ence. Refusal. Non-compliance. 
 
 Compliant, adj. See Com- 
 pliance. 
 
 Complicated, adj. Same de- 
 rivation as Complex. 
 
 Syn. Confused. Intricate, Involved. 
 Perplexed. Entangled. 
 
 Ant. Clear. Simple. Uninvolved. Lucid 
 Unravelled. 
 
 Compllment, n. Same word 
 as Complement; but with the 
 French form, compliment, from 
 compUer. A compliment is there- 
 fore the expression of the sum 
 total of regard and duty. As 
 this is likely to become merely 
 ceremonious, the word has at- 
 tached to it very often the notion 
 of insincerity. 
 
 Syn. Homage. Courtesy. Flattery 
 Ant. Insult. Discourtesy. Contempt, 
 
 Complimbntart, adj. See 
 Compliment. 
 
 Comply, v. int. See Compli- 
 ance. 
 
 Component, n. Coti and pono r, 
 to put. Those things which, put 
 together, make a compound 
 whole. 
 
 Syn. Ingredient, Element. Constituent. 
 Content. Rudiment. 
 
 Ant. to TO. Aggregate. Sum. Entirety 
 Compound. To ac^. Non-constituent 
 Foreign. Adventitious. Heterogeneoiw. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 87 
 
 Comport, v. h\ and int. Con 
 and portare, to carry. To carry 
 one's self— in the phrase, comport 
 one's self. Also used in the sense 
 of agreeing with something else. 
 
 Sin. Demean. Conduct. Carry. Behave. 
 Tally. Consist. Plarmonize. Match. Agree. 
 Suit. Coincide. 
 
 Akt. Misdomcan. Misconduct. Forget. 
 Vary. Differ. Disagree. Contrast. Mili- 
 tate. 
 
 Compose, /;. tr. Componere. To 
 put together in the way of collo- 
 cation merely ; or also for the 
 further purpose of pacification. 
 
 Sra. Construct. Compile. Write. Form. 
 Paciiy. Mitigate. Settle, Adjust. 
 
 Ant. Analyze. Dissect. Criticise. Irri- 
 tate. p]xcite. Awaken. Stir. 
 
 Composed, adj. See Compose, 
 and Collected. 
 
 Composition, n. See Compose. 
 Used of matters mental and ma- 
 terial. 
 
 Stn. Compound. Conformation. Struc- 
 ture. Mixture. Combination. Compromise. 
 Adjustment. Settlement. Commutation. 
 
 Ant. Analysis. Segregation. Criticism. 
 Examination. Discussion. Disturbance. Ag- 
 gravation. Perpetuation. 
 
 Composure, n. See Compose, 
 and Collected. 
 
 Compound, v. tr. See Com- 
 pose. Its applicatiouis commonly 
 physical, yet also verbal and ideal. 
 
 Syk. Concert. Mix. Amalgamate. Fuse. 
 Akt. Analyze. Resolve. 
 
 Comprehend, v. tr. Con and 
 prehendere. To grasp materially, 
 01' with the mind ; also, meta- 
 physically, to contain. 
 
 Syn. Comprise. Grasp. Understand. 
 Enclose. Include. Involve, Embrace. 
 Ant. Exclude. Except. Misunderstand. 
 
 Comprehension, n. See Com- 
 prehend. 
 
 fira. Understanding. Conception. 
 Ant. Misunderstanding. Misconception. 
 
 Comprehensive, adj. See Com- 
 prehend. Wide enough to in- 
 clude many things or ideas. | 
 
 Stn, Wide. Ample. General. Generic 
 Significant Capacious. Inclusive^ Com* 
 pendious. Pregnant 
 
 Ant. Narrow. Restricted. Shallow 
 Exclusive. Adversative. Exceptive. 
 
 Compress, v. tr. Con and 
 
 premere, to j^f'css. To make to 
 occupy less space by making the 
 parts of elements closer. 
 
 Syn. Condense. Compact Contract 
 Abridge, Epitomize, Summarize, 
 
 Ant. Expand. Dilate. Diffuse. Colll- 
 quate. 
 
 Compression, n. See Com- 
 press. 
 
 Comprise, v. tr. Same as 
 comprehend, through the Fr. 
 
 compris,part. of comprendre. 
 
 Syn. Embrace. Include. Involve. Con- 
 tain. Comprehend. Imply. 
 
 Ant. Exclude. Except. Discard. Bar, 
 Omit Reject, 
 
 Comprobation, n. Con and 
 
 probare, to prove. Proof, but 
 especially joint proof. 
 
 Sin. Induction. Co-evidence. Co-testi- 
 mony. 
 
 Ant. Disproof. Counter-evidence. Re- 
 futatjon. Rejoinder. Intercontrariance. 
 
 Compromise, v. tr. Con pro- 
 mittere. A joint promise, im- 
 plying its fulfilment to settle 
 matters of dispute by arbitration. 
 Used also to signify the drawing 
 of another into risk, by involving 
 him in the responsibilities of 
 your own position. 
 
 Syn. Arbitrate. Compose. Adjust Set- 
 tle. Endanger. Implicate. Involve. 
 
 Ant. Aggravate. Excite. Foster. Per- 
 petuate. Exempt. Enfranchise. Disen- 
 gage. Extricate. Exonerate. 
 
 Compulsion, n. See Comj)el. 
 
 Compunction, n. Con and 
 punf/ere, punctus, to prick. The 
 pricking of the conscience. 
 
 Syn. Misgiving. Remorse. Regret 
 Sorrow. 
 
 Ant. Satisfaction. Self •complaceocj, 
 Assurance. 
 
 Compute, v. tr. Computart, 
 To reckon. 
 
88 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Stn. Calculate, lleckon. Count, Rate. 
 
 Akt. Coiyecture. Guess. Surmise. 
 
 OoMRADK, n. Camera, a cham- 
 her, A chamber fellow, after- 
 wards a coinpaniou generally. 
 iSee Compeer. 
 
 Concatenate, v. tr. See 
 Concatenation. 
 
 Concatenation, ??. Con and 
 catena, a chain . Linking toge- 
 ther either. 
 
 SrN. Linking. Stringing. Connection. 
 Continuity. 
 
 Ant. Dlscatenation. Unlinking. Un- 
 changing. Severance. Intermission. Dis- 
 connection. 
 
 Concave, adj. Concavus. Hol- 
 low. 
 
 Stn. Hollow. Scooped. Pitted. Ex- 
 cavated. Retreating. Alveolar. 
 
 Ant. Convex. Tumular. Protuberant. 
 Kclievant. Embossed. Intumesccnt. 
 
 Conceal, v. tr. Con cclare, to 
 hide. 
 
 Syn. Hide. Secrete. Disguise. Dissem- 
 ble. Screen. Suppress. 
 
 Ant. Reveal. Manifest, E.xhlbit. Avow. 
 Confess. Expose. Promulgate. Publish. 
 Divulge. 
 
 Concede, v. tr. Con and ce- 
 dcre, to yield, 
 
 Stn. Grant Yield. Allow. Admit. 
 Resign. 
 
 Ant. Refuse, Withhold. Deny. Con- 
 tradict, Contest. Contend. Claim. 
 
 Conceit, n, Concipere, to con- 
 ceive. The invention or enter- 
 tainment of an idea or project ; 
 thence the entertainment of un- 
 due ideas res]3ecting self ; hence 
 vanity and the like. 
 
 Stn. Idea. Notion. Thought. Affcctii- 
 tion. Vanity. Abstraction. Imagination. 
 
 Ant. Substance. Reality. Verity. Body. 
 Concretion. Fact. Naturalness. Unafifect- 
 ednees. Simplicity. Humility. 
 
 Conceive, v, tr. See Conceit. 
 
 Stk. Imagine. Apprehend. Believe. 
 Suppose. Design. 
 
 Ant. Produce. Express. Propound. De- 
 clare. Execute. Misconceive. 
 
 Conception, n. See Conceive, 
 whoae meanings it follows. 
 
 Conoenteatk, v. tr. Coci and 
 centrum, a centre. To bring to 
 an actual centre, or generally to 
 gather into a closer combination 
 Act. and neut. 
 
 Stn. Assemble. Converge. Muste: 
 Congregate. Convene. Draw. Cougto 
 merate. Condense, Localize. Centralize. 
 
 Ant. Disperse, Scatter. Dismiss. De- 
 centralize. 
 
 Concentration, n. See Con- 
 centrate, whose meanings it fol- 
 lows. 
 
 Concern, n . Con and cernere, to 
 look. With fixed look upon an ob- 
 ject of interest. So where an un- 
 dertaking, too, is a matter of in- 
 terest on which the eyes of part- 
 ners and subordinates may l>e 
 supposed to look with a common 
 interest, it is called, commerci- 
 ally, .a concern. It is used also of 
 cases where the feeling of in- 
 terest has suffered disappoint- 
 ment ; hence sympathy and sor- 
 
 TOW. 
 
 Stn. Interest, Regard. Anxiety. Re- 
 gret. Sympathy. Sorrow. 
 
 Ant. Indifference. Disregard. Careless- 
 ness. Congratulation. Chuckling. 
 
 Concerning, prep. 
 
 Syn. About. Of, Relating. Regarding. 
 Touching, 
 
 Ant. Omitting. Disregarding. 
 
 Concert, n. See Concern. Is 
 the practical aspect of concern, 
 an acting in common. 
 
 Syn. Union. Combination. Association. 
 Co-operation. 
 
 Ant. Dissociation. Counteraction. Op- 
 IKJsitiou. 
 
 Concession, n. See Concede. 
 
 Conciliate, v. tr. Lat. conci- 
 lium, a council. To combine in- 
 to a party with a common in- 
 terest or purpose; thence ap- 
 plied to such treatment from 
 individuals. Used in a special 
 force of bringing tack those wbp 
 have taken offeor/©. 
 
Byno7iyms and Antonyms, 
 
 8i» 
 
 Rth. Win. Gain, Enlist. Pacify. Pro- 
 pi tl«te. 
 
 Akt. Lose. Estrange. Excommunicate. 
 K*ect. Alienate. Irritate. J)i8pleasa. 
 
 CONOINNITT, n. Concinnitas. 
 Ciunus, a mixed drink of spelt- 
 grain and wine. Used of style. 
 
 Syn. Harmony. Nicety. Neatness. Ba- 
 lance. Admixture. Temper. Taste. Grace. 
 
 Ant. Harshness. Abruptness. Rugged- 
 cess. Angularity. Disharmony. 
 
 Concise, adj. Con and ccedere, 
 to cut. Cut slioi*t. Used of style 
 in a favourable sense. 
 
 Sin. Condensed. Terse. Pregnant. Ex- 
 pressive. Pointed. Nfiat. Compendious. 
 
 Ant. Diffuse. Prolix. Verbose. Cir- 
 ciuulocutory. Rambling. Discursive, 
 
 Conclave, n. Con and clavls, 
 a keif. A council held with 
 closed doors. 
 
 SxN. Council. Assembly. Bureau. Synod. 
 Cabinet. Caucus. 
 
 Ant. Crowd. Multitude. Assemblage. 
 Population. Throng. Populace. Mob. 
 Concourse. 
 
 Conclude, v. tr. and int. Con 
 and daudere, to shut. As a pro- 
 ceeding or a process of reasoning 
 
 csj)ecially. 
 
 8yn. Close.l Terminate. Complete. Fi- 
 nislj. Infer. Deduw. Dctenninc. Argue. 
 
 Ant. Begin. Initiate. Start. Open. Pro- 
 long. Protract, Perpetuate. Doubt. Dispute. 
 
 Conclusion, n. See Conclude. 
 Conclusive, adj. See Above. 
 
 Syn. Definitive, Indisputable. Positive. 
 
 Ant. Uncertain. Dubious. Question- 
 able. Hypothetical. Supposititious. Pro- 
 bbmatical. Theoretical. Vague. Indeter- 
 minate, Inconclusive. 
 
 Concoct, v. tr. Con and co- 
 qiiere, to cook. 
 
 iSrN. Compound. Prepare. Mix. Hatch 
 Brew. 
 
 Ant. Spoil. Upset, Disconcoct, Dis- 
 concert, Mar. Mlsprepare. 
 
 Concoction, n. See Concoct 
 
 Syn. Brew. Mixture. Compound. 
 Ant. CYudity. Rawness. Ingredient 
 
 Concomitant, adj. Con and 
 tomes, a companion. 
 
 Stk. Accompanying. Attending. At- 
 tendant. Synchronous. 
 
 Akt. Precedent. Subsequent. Diyerae. 
 UasoiwecteO. ^^depe^4e^t. irr»(lat-,ve. 
 
 Concomitant, n. See %d,j. 
 
 Stn. Accompanimetit. Acceeiary, Ad 
 junct. 
 
 Ant. Intrusion. Discrepancy, Incon 
 gruity 
 
 Concord, n. Con and cor, th( 
 heart. See Accord. 
 
 Syn. Harmony. Accordance. Unaiil 
 mity. Amity. 
 
 Ant. Wscoid. Disagreement. Variance 
 Animosity. 
 
 Concordance, n. See Con- 
 cord. 
 
 Concourse, n. Con cursuj'^ 
 cunere, to run. 
 
 Syn. Assembly. Assemblage. Crowd. 
 Mob. Throng. Convergence, 
 
 Ant. Cabinet. Conclave. Cabal. Dis* 
 persion. Desertion. Solitude. 
 
 CoNORKTB, adj. Con and crcsccr*-, 
 cretus, to groiv. From Compact. 
 Used technically of binding ma- 
 terials for foundations, and 
 walks, or floors ; and in logic for 
 the union of the idea with the 
 subject in which it resides. 
 
 Syn. Firm, Compact. Consolidated. 
 Indurated. Embodied." Particularized. 
 
 A«T. Loose. Sloppy. Luteons. Shift- 
 ing.- Boggy. Swampy. Yielding. Unre- 
 sisting, Abstract. Generalized. 
 
 Concur, v. int. See Con- 
 course. To meet in one point. 
 Used analogously. 
 
 Syn, MeeU Converge. Concentrate, 
 Agree. 
 
 Ant. Diverge. Iladicate. Disagree. Dis- 
 sent. Part. Differ. 
 
 Concussion, n. Comcutere, to 
 shake together. A violent meeting 
 of two physical objects. See Col- 
 lision and Commotion. 
 
 Condemn, v. tr. Con and 
 damnum. Loss or penalty. 
 
 Syn. Convict. Cast. Censure. Denounce. 
 Doom. Sentence. 
 
 Ant. Absolve. Acquit. Exonerat«i 
 Pardon. Justify. Approve. 
 
 CojfDENSE, V. tr. Con and 
 densus, dense. To make compact 
 by a compreBsioo of particle* 
 
90 
 
 Sijnonijms and AntontfTns. 
 
 Csod meUpliorically. See Com- 
 press. 
 
 Condescend, v, int. Conde- 
 ficendere. To come down from 
 one's own level to that of an- 
 other. 
 
 Sr», Stoop. Descend. Deign. Vouch- 
 safe. 
 
 iVjfT. Disdain. Scorn. Spurn. 
 
 Condescension, n. See Con- 
 descend. 
 
 Syn. Affability. Graciousness. Favour. 
 Stooping. 
 
 Ant. Haughtiness. Arrogance. Super- 
 ciliousness. Pride. Disdain. Scorn. 
 
 Condign, adj. Con and dignus, 
 worthy. Used commonly of ill- 
 deserving. 
 
 Syn. Deserved. Merited. Meet. Just. 
 Akt. Undeeerved. Unmerited. Scant. 
 Excessive. 
 
 Condiment, n. Condire, to 
 jjreserve. A choice, sweet, or 
 savoury compound. 
 
 Syn. Sauce. Pickle. Preserve. Season- 
 ing. 
 
 Ant. Gall. Wormwood. Ashes. Aloes. 
 
 Condition, w. Condere, to 
 h a ill. The aggregate of circum- 
 stances which make up a state 
 of mind or matter. Any one of 
 them being regarded as neces- 
 sary, the word is used of that 
 which must enter into another 
 thing, in order rightly to consti- 
 tute it, naturally or convention- 
 ally. 
 
 SiN. State. Case. Mood. Term. Mode. 
 (.Qualification. Kequisite. Stipulation. 
 
 Akt. Kelation. Dependence. Situation. 
 Circumstance. Concession. Fulfilment. 
 Adaptation. 
 
 Conditionally, adv. See Con- 
 dition. 
 
 Ant. Congratulate. Exhilarate. FUily 
 Disregard. Discompassionata Discom' 
 miserate. 
 
 Condolence, n. See Condold 
 
 Condonation, n. Condonare, 
 donum, a grant. A granting of 
 pardon. 
 
 Syn. Pardon. Forgiveness. Amnesty 
 Excuse. Indulgence. 
 
 Ant, Retaliation. Punishment. Atone- 
 ment. Satisfaction. Expiation, 
 
 Conduce, v. int. Con ard 
 ducere, to lead. 
 
 Syn. Concur. Contribute. Avail. Aid. 
 Tend. Coincide. Converge. Conspire, 
 
 Subserve. Lead. 
 
 Ant. Indispose 
 Neutralize. 
 
 Counteract. Dp feat. 
 
 Conducive, adj. See Conduce. 
 
 Syn. Contributive. Subsidiary. Promo- 
 tive. Causative. Effective. Productive, 
 
 Ant. Preventative. Counteractive. Con- 
 trariant. Repugnant. Destructive, 
 
 Conduct, V. tr. See Conduce. 
 
 Syn, Lead. Bring. Transfer. Carry. 
 Guide. Control. Manage, Administer, 
 
 Ant, Mislead. Miscarry, Mismanage. 
 Misconduct. Misadminister. 
 
 Confabulation, n. Con and 
 fahula, from fari, to speak. A 
 consultation on a not very im- 
 portant matter. See Colloquy. 
 
 Confection, n. Conjicere, to 
 compound. See Concoction, Con- 
 diment, and Compound. Used 
 of sweet compounds. 
 
 Syn. Sweetmeat, Sugarplum, Oike. 
 Condiment. 
 
 Ant. (See Condiment. 
 
 Confederacy, n., Confedera- 
 tion. Con and foedus eris, a 
 treaty. By usage, spoken not 
 only of national but also personal 
 alliances ; and used of the rela- 
 
 Syn,' Relatively, Provisionally, Pro- ! tionship and of the statCS 16- 
 
 Tided. Hypothetically, Contingently, 
 
 Ant. Absolutely. Unconditionally. Cate- 
 gorically. Positively. 
 
 Condole, v. int. Con and 
 dolere, dolor, to grieve. It is fol- 
 lowed by the 'prep. with. 
 
 Sym. £^mpathize. Console. Commiserate. 
 
 lated. 
 
 Syn. Alliance. Treaty, League, Union. 
 Ant. Disruption, Secession- Dif anion, 
 
 CONHTDBEATB, adj. See CoD' 
 federacy. 
 
 Syn. Leagued. Allied, 
 i»x. Disunitad DiaaolToa 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 91 
 
 Confederate, n. See Com- 
 pimion. 
 
 GoNFKTt, V. tr. Con &nd ferre, 
 to briny. Used of bringing things 
 together for consideration or 
 comparison ; and also for carry- 
 ing to another for presentation. 
 Also used, intransitively, for de- 
 liberate. 
 
 Stn. Compare. Collate. Deliberate. 
 Consult. Give. Present. 
 
 Ant. Dissociate. Contrast. Hazard. 
 Conjecture. Withhold. Withdraw. 
 
 Confess, v. tr. Confiteor. Is 
 used of the avowal of faults or 
 offejices; or, sometimes, of that 
 which the speaker does not feel 
 to be such, but treats as such 
 ironically. 
 
 Syn. Aver. Avow. Reveal. Disclose. 
 Acknowledge. 
 
 Ant. Disaver. Disavow. Suppress, 
 Sileiitiate. Deny. 
 
 Confession, n. See Confess. 
 It has also the technical sense of 
 a creed, or the declaration of it. 
 
 6yn. Creed. Catechism. Articles. Doc- 
 trines. Tenets. Profession. Declaration. 
 Subscription. 
 
 Ant. Heresy. Apostacy. Protest. Con- 
 demnation. Refutation. Index. Renun- 
 ciation. Abjuration. 
 
 Confidant, n. Con and fides, 
 faith. One to whom we confide 
 our secrets. 
 
 Syn. Confessor. Adviser. Confederate. 
 Ant. Traitor. Betrayer. Rival. 
 
 Confide, v. int. See Confidant. 
 
 SvN. Trust. Lean. Hope. Believe. 
 Depend. Rely. 
 
 Ant. Douljt. Distrust. Disbelieve. 
 
 . Confidence, n. See above. 
 
 Syn. Trust. Faith. Belief. Assurance. 
 Dependence. Reliance. 
 
 Ant. Distrust. Mistrust. Doubt. Mis- 
 giving. 
 
 Confidential, adj. See above. 
 Trusted and trustworthy, or re- 
 garded as such. Used also of 
 matters requiring secrecy or con- 
 fidence. 
 
 Syn. Private. Secret. Trurtworthy. In 
 timate. 
 
 Ant. Public. Open. Patent. OfRcial 
 Treacherous. Insidious. 
 
 Configuration, n. Con and 
 figura. Figure. 
 
 Syn. Shape. Outline. Delineation. 
 Form. Figure. Conformation. Contour. 
 
 Ant. Shapelessness. Amorphousnesa. 
 Formlessness. Indellneation. Contoition. 
 Distortion. Deformity. 
 
 C0.NFINE, V. tr. Con smdfmis, 
 a boundary. 
 
 Syn. Circumscribe. Restrict. Narrow. 
 Enclose. Imprison. Incarcerate. Bind. 
 
 Ant. Dilate. Expand. Extend. Widen. 
 Unfasten. Liberate. Loosen. Disenclose. 
 
 Confined, adj. See Confine 
 and Circumscribe. 
 
 Confirm, v. tr. Conjirmure. 
 To make firm or firmer. Not 
 used of things material, but 
 moral and mental. 
 
 Syn. Strengthen. Stabilitate. Establisii. 
 Prove. Perpetuate. Sanction. Corroborate. 
 Ratify. 
 
 Ant. Weaken. Shake. Upset. Cancel 
 Abrogate. Ropcal. Annul. Confute. Re- 
 fute. 
 
 Confirmation, n. See Con- 
 firm. 
 
 Confiscate, v. tr. Con and 
 fiscus, the treasury. To seize 
 goods on the part of the State. 
 In parlance used of common 
 transactions, not gravely politi- 
 cal. 
 
 Stn. Seize. Escheat. Dispossess. Se- 
 questrate. Distrain. 
 
 Ant. Restore. Release. Refund. 
 
 Conflagration, n. Con and 
 
 flagrare, to burn. Comp. a fla- 
 grant or burning shame or deed. 
 
 Stn. Ignition. Combustion. Fire. Arson. 
 Incendiarism. 
 
 Ant. Extinction. Quenching. Smoulder. 
 
 Conflict, n. Confligere, ictus, 
 to strike. 
 
 Syn. Encounter. Engagement. Contest 
 Battle. 
 
 Ant. Reconciliation. Pacification. Amitj, 
 Arbitration. 
 
92 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 CoNFLiOTiN'i, adj. See Con- 
 flict. Said of interests, opinions, 
 and statements. 
 
 Snr. Adverse. Opposed. Irrreconcil- 
 able. Contradictory. 
 
 Ant. Harmoiilzinj?. Consistent. Con- 
 •entaneous. Congruous. 
 
 CONFLUENCK, v. Con aiid 
 
 Jlaere, to flow. The meeting of 
 
 waters, as of a tributary with its 
 
 river. Used metaphorically. 
 
 SvN. Conflux. Meeting, Concourse. 
 Convergence. Concurrence. 
 
 Ant. lleflu.x. Refluence. Dispersion. 
 Overflow. DifBuence. 
 
 CoNFOBM, V. int. and tr. Con 
 and /orma, a form. To agree, or 
 cause to agree, in forms of cus- 
 tom, belief, or procedure. 
 
 Syw. Agree. Ojusent. Unite. Har- 
 monize. Adapt. Fit Tally. Suit. 
 
 Ant. Disagree. Dissent. Vary. Disso- 
 ciate. Secede. Misfit. Dissimilate. Mis- 
 atiapt. 
 
 Conformation, n. See Con- 
 form and Configuration. 
 
 Conformity, n. See Conform. 
 
 Confound, v. tr. Con and 
 f under e, 'part.fiisus, to pour. To 
 pour into a mixed and troubled 
 mass. To mix one thing with 
 another in ignorance. To throw 
 the senses of another into con- 
 fusion. 
 
 Syn. Confuse. Disorder. Trouble. Dis- 
 airangc. Intermix. Abtouud. Abash. 
 Mystify. Obscure. 
 
 Ant. Arrange. Classify. Order. Allo- 
 cHte. Distribute. Dispense. Unravel Enu- 
 cleate. Eliminate. Elucidate. Enlighten. 
 Rally. 
 
 Confratbrnity, n. Con and 
 
 /rater, a brother. See Company. 
 
 Confront, v. tr. Con and 
 /ronSy the face. 
 
 Syn. Oppose. Face. Resist. Intimi- 
 date. Menace. 
 
 Ant. Rally. Encourage. Abet. Coun- 
 tenance. 
 
 C0NFU8K. V. tr. See Confound. 
 Ji is the same word, but not so 
 weighty in jts application. 
 
 Confusion, n. See Confuse. 
 
 Confutation, 71. Confutare 
 to confute. Comp. Futile, i'w- 
 tare is from fundcre, to pour. 
 Confutation is the comple<« 
 drowning or quenching of tho 
 statement. See Confirmation. 
 
 Congeal, v. tr. Con and (jda, 
 cold. 
 
 Syn. Freeze. Benumb. Coiigelatc 
 Ant. Thaw. Relax. Melt. Dissolve. 
 Chale. 
 
 Congenial, adj. Con and 
 (/enius, the spirit or tiatare. Suited 
 by nature. 
 
 Syn. Natural. Concordant. Consonant 
 Grateful. Sympathetic. Kindred. 
 
 Ant. Unnatural Abhorrent. Discordant. 
 Dissonant. Disagreeable. Ungrateful. An- 
 tagonistic. Allen. Dissimilar. Uncongenial. 
 
 Congenital, adj. Con and 
 giifnere, (jenitus, to beget. Is used 
 of equality of age in persons, and 
 also of things inherent from 
 birth, especially as naturally in- 
 herent in the individual. 
 
 Syn. Coeval Coetaneous (see Coeval) 
 Natural. Inherent. Innate. Immanent 
 Ingrained. Incarnate. Connate. Jngene 
 rate. 
 
 Ant. Unnatural. Uncongenial HabituA, 
 Acquired. Extraneous. Ascititlous. Ad 
 ventitious. Artificial. Assumed. 
 
 Congestion, n. Con and gercre^ 
 'fo carry. An undue au'^ ob- 
 structive collection of matl-or. 
 
 Syn. Congeries. Accumulation. Glome- 
 ration. Redundancy. Plethor*. 
 
 Akt. Dissipation. Diffusion, Clearaoc*. 
 Evacuation. O^Uiquation. 
 
 Conglomerate, v. tr. See 
 Agglomerate. 
 
 Conglutinatb, v. tr. See Ag- 
 glutinate. 
 
 Congratulate, v. tr. Con and 
 gratulor, from gratus, pleasant. 
 To say or wish pleasant things. 
 
 SvN. Felicitate. 
 Ant. See Condole. 
 
 Congregate, t^. tr. See A^- 
 
Congregation, n. 
 gregation. 
 
 Congress, n. Gongredim\ from 
 gradtis, to step into one. An open 
 and lawful assembly. 
 
 Syn. Parliament. Council. Conclave. 
 Assembly. Synod. Legislature. Conven- 
 tion. 
 
 Ant. Cabal. Conclave. Mob. 
 
 Congruous, adj. Congruere. 
 Said to be from grus, a crane ; in 
 whieh case the original meaning 
 of Congruons must have l)een 
 gregarious or collective. Such a 
 meaning it has entirely lost. 
 
 Sin. Agreeing. Harmonious. Consonant. 
 Accordant. Coherent. Homogeneous. 
 
 Ant. Discordant. J>is8onant. Incon- 
 gruous. Heterogeneous. 
 
 Conjecture, ?^ Covjicere, to 
 cast together. 
 
 Syn. Guess. Divination. Surmise. Sup- 
 position. 
 
 A XT. Computation. Calculation. Reckon- 
 ing. Inference. I'roof. IX'duction. 
 
 Conjecture, n. See verb. 
 
 Conjoin, v. tr. See Concate- 
 nate. Lat. conjungere. 
 
 Conjuncture, n. Conjmigere, 
 to join together. An important 
 joining or meeting of circum- 
 stances. 
 
 Syn. Crisis. Turning-point. Contin- 
 gency. Occasion. Plxigency. Emergency. 
 Opportunity, 
 
 Ant. Arrangement. Provision. Pre- 
 paration. Orduinment. Course. 
 
 Conjure, v. tr. Conjurare. 
 To call upon by force of oath. 
 
 Syn, Implore, importune. Crave. En- 
 treat. 
 
 Ant. l>precate. Protest. Remonstmte. 
 Expostulate. 
 
 Connate, adj. Con and nasci^ 
 to he horn, natus. See Congenital. 
 
 Connatural. Con, with, and 
 natura, nature. See Connate. 
 Connect, v. tr. Cm and 
 
 f/ectere, to weave. See Concate- 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 See Ag- 
 
 93 
 
 Connection, n. See Connect. 
 
 3yn. Conjunction. Junction. Union. 
 Association. Concateu^tion. Kclition. 
 Affinity. Relevance. 
 
 Ant. Disconnection. Disjunction. Dis- 
 union. Dissociation. Independence. Irre- 
 levance. 
 
 Connive, v. int. Con and ni- 
 vere, conn, with nicare and nic- 
 tare, to unnlc. To wink at a 
 thing, and so avoid observing it 
 Followed by the p7'ep. at. 
 
 Stn. Wink. Pretermit. J'as.s. Over- 
 look. 
 
 Ant. Notice. Visit. Censnre. Inves- 
 tigate. 
 
 Connubial, adj. Con and 
 nifhere, to marrji, 
 
 &TS. Conjugal. Matrimonial. Nuptial. 
 
 Akt. Single. Celibate, illicit. AduU 
 terous. 
 
 Conquer, v. tr. and int. Con 
 and qua'.rere, to seek. To gain for 
 one's self by force. To exert su- 
 perior force over another. Ap- 
 plied to the persons and the ter- 
 ritory of the enemy. 
 
 Stn. Sulxlue. Vanquish. Overcome 
 Overpower. Overthrow. Defeat. Crush 
 Master. Subjugate. 
 
 Ant. Fail. Fall. Retreat. Succumb 
 Fly. Submit. Surrender. Lose. Forfeit 
 Siicrifice. Resign. Cede. 
 
 Conquest, n. See Conquer. 
 
 Syn. Victory. Triumph. Overthrow 
 Discomfiture. Subjugation. 
 
 Ant. Failure. Defeat. Retreat. Sur- 
 render. Forfeiture. Submission. Discom- 
 fiture. Resignation. Cession. 
 
 Consanguinity, n. Con and 
 
 sanguis, blood. Blood relation- 
 ship. 
 
 Stn. Kindred. Blood. Lineage. 
 Ant. Disconnection. Dissociation. 
 
 Conscience, n. Con and scire, 
 to know. The innate knowledge 
 of right and wrong ; and some- 
 times used for its right exercise. 
 
 St». Sense. Intuition, integrity. Prin- 
 ciple. 
 
 Ant, Irresponsibility License. 
 
 CONBCIFJJTIOUB, adj. >8Vr Co»- 
 
 science. 
 
H 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Syn. SciTipulous. strict. Upright. 
 High-principled. 
 
 Ant. Unscrupulous. Lax. Unprinci- 
 pled. Reprobate. Unconscientious. 
 
 Consciousness, n. See Con- 
 science. 
 
 SvN. Sense. Sensation. Intelligence. 
 Perception. 
 
 Ant. Insensibility. Unconsciousness. 
 
 Conscription, n. Con and 
 scrihere. The forcible levying of 
 soldiers. 
 
 SvN. Impressment. 
 
 Ant. Enlistment. Volunteering. 
 
 Consecrate, v. tr. Con and 
 mcer, sacred. 
 
 Syn. Dedicate. Devote. Enshrine Hal- 
 low. Sanctify. 
 
 Ant. Desecrate. Secularize. Profane. 
 
 Consecration, n. See Conse- 
 crate. 
 
 Consecutive, adj. Con and 
 sequi, sccuttis, to follow. Said 
 of speech and style, following in 
 due order. 
 
 SvN. Orderly. Arranged. Coherent. 
 Continuous. 
 
 Ant. Disordered. Undigested. Inco- 
 herent. Rambling. Inconsequent. Incon- 
 secutive. Discursive. 
 
 Consent, v. int. Consentire. 
 To think or feel together with 
 a proposal or proposition, fol- 
 lowed grammatically by the 
 prep. to. 
 
 Syn. Submit. Agree. Acquiesce. 
 
 Ant. Resist Disagree. Dissent. De- 
 cline. Refuse. 
 
 Consentaneous, ad. Consen- 
 tient. See Consent. 
 
 Consequence,^. Consequentia. 
 Con and seqtd, to follow. The 
 process of following from a cause 
 or reason, and the result so en- 
 suing. Used also for the import- 
 ance which is implied in such an 
 idea. 
 
 Syn. Effect Issue. Result. Inference. 
 Coherence. Deduction. Conclusion. Im- 
 portance. Note. Moment Dlgn:ty. 
 
 Amt. Cause. Causation. Anwvcedence. 
 Vretiiiits. OriKin. Datum. Postulate. Axiom. 
 
 Unimportance. Inaignificfvnce Inconse- 
 quence. Inconsecutiveness. Irrelevance. 
 Meanness. Paltriness. 
 
 Consequent, adj. See Conse- 
 quence. 
 
 Syn. Inferred. Deduced. Resultant 
 Accruing. Attendant. 
 
 Ant. Assumed. Conjectured. Antece- 
 dent Conducive. Productive. Incons«s 
 
 quent. 
 
 ConsbquentiaLj adj. See 
 above. Has both senses of Con- 
 sequence. 
 
 Syn. Coherent. Connected. Cogent 
 IjOgical. Pompous. Arrogant 
 
 Ant. Incoherent Disconnected. Invalid. 
 Illogical. Inconsequential. Affable. Con- 
 versible. Accessible. Easy. Humble- 
 minded. 
 
 Consequently, adv. Se- 
 above. 
 
 Syn. Accordingly. Therefore. See Ao 
 coi'ding. 
 
 Ant. Irrelevantly. Ineonsequently. 
 
 Conservation, n. Con servare, 
 to keep. 
 
 Syn. Preservation. Keeping. Protection 
 Guardianship. Maintenance. Stabilltitloti 
 Perpetuation. 
 
 Ant. Neglect Exposure. Abrogation 
 Destruction. Abolition. 
 
 Conservative, adj., Con- 
 serve, V. tr. See Conservation. 
 
 Consider, v. tr. and int. 
 Considerare. Der. uncertain. 
 Either con and sedere, to sit; to 
 sit close to a subject ; or sidus, a 
 star. To form, as it were, astro- 
 logical observations and infer- 
 ences. Neut. and act. 
 
 Syn. Attend. Revolve. Meditate. Think. 
 Reflect. Investigate Regard. Observe. 
 Judge. Opme. Infer. Deduce. Deem. 
 
 Ant. Disregard. Ignore. Pretermit 
 Despise. Guess. Conjecture Hazard. 
 
 Considerable, adj. See above. 
 
 Syn. Important Large. Extensive. 
 Aot. Unimportant, Trifling. Incou- 
 siderable. 
 
 Considerate, adj. See above. 
 Given to consider the position oi 
 requirements o'' others, or one's 
 own. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Srs^ ThoughtfQl, Attentive. Forbear- 
 ing. Ucsdfish. Judicious. Careful. Cau- 
 tious. 
 
 Ant. fhoughtless. Inconsiderate. In- 
 uttentive. Rude. Overbearing. ' Selfish. 
 Injudicious. Rasli. Careless. 
 
 Consideration, n. See Con- 
 sider. Add. 
 
 Syn. Importance. Respect. Consequence. 
 Motive. Inducement. Compensation. Sub- 
 sidy. Remuneration. 
 
 Ant. Meanness. Inslgniiicance. Unim- 
 portance. 
 
 Considering. >See above. Used 
 adverbially. 
 
 Syn. Because. Regarding. 
 
 Ai-T. Irrespectively. Independently. 
 
 Consign, v. tr. Con and 
 s/'jnum, the sign or signature of 
 a document of trust. See As- 
 sign. 
 
 The dilference between Assign 
 and Consign is that the former 
 locates, without implying cus- 
 tody or nioral responsibility, 
 which are implied by the latter. 
 
 Consignment, n. See Consign. 
 
 SvN. Custody. Commission. Delegation. 
 Ant. Miscommitment, Misconsignment. 
 
 Consist, v. n. Con and sistere, 
 to stand. Is the neuter form of 
 Constitute, and is equivalent ' to 
 be constituted,' and is followed 
 l^y ^f, except where it is equi- 
 valent to Cohere. See Constitute. 
 
 Consistency, ??. See Consist. 
 Physical, moral, and mental co- 
 herence or constitution of parts, 
 with the additional idea, in the 
 latter cases, of propriety in. such 
 coherence. 
 
 Syn. Consistence. Composition. Sub- 
 stance. Material. Amalgamation. Com- 
 pound. Mas.s. Density. Solidity. Close- 
 ness. Compactness. Coherence. Uni- 
 formity. Harmony. Analogy. Proportion, 
 ("ongruity. 
 
 Ant, Volatility. Vaporousness. Sub- 
 llllty. Temuty. Sublimation. Incoherence, 
 uwousisteucy. laoongroity. Disproporlluu. 
 VimtrAiietj. Coutradirtion. 
 
 95 
 
 See Consist- 
 
 A&so- 
 
 Consistent, adj. 
 ence. 
 
 Consociation, n. See 
 ciation and Company. 
 
 Console, v. tr. Con and 
 Is to relieve a person of the feel- 
 ing of solitude under trouble. 
 Sometimes applied directly to 
 the feeling consoled. 
 
 Syn. Relieve. Soothe. Solace. Comfort. 
 Assuage. 
 
 Ant. Congratulate. Felicitate. A^ra- 
 vate. Oppresa Disturb. Trouble. Annoy 
 IiTitate. Disreconcile. Dissatisfy. 
 
 Consolidate, v. tr. Con and 
 soUdus, solid. To make firm or 
 firmer by increased closeness of 
 parts, or to unite firmly twft 
 things in one. 
 
 Syn. Condense. Incorporate. Congluti- 
 nate. Cement. Solder. Bond. Weld 
 Thicken. Strengthen. Fuse. . 
 
 Ant. Weaken. Dissipate. Disunite. 
 Dismember. Disintegrate. CoUiquate. J^is- 
 solve. Melt. Vaporize. Sublimate. At- 
 tenuate. Triturate. I'ulverize. 
 
 Consonant, adj. Con and 
 sonare, to sowid. Harmonious. 
 See Congruous and Consistent. 
 
 Consort, v. n. Con and sors, 
 a part or lot. Followed by the 
 prep. with. 
 
 Syn. Associate. Herd. Company. Fra- 
 ternize. 
 
 Ant. Avoid. Abandon. Excommuni- 
 cate. Black-ball. Banish. Exclude. 
 
 Conspicuous, adj. Conspicere, 
 to hehold. Easily seen. 
 
 Syn. Visible. Manifest. Prominent. 
 S;ilient. Observable. Noticeable. Magnified. 
 
 AxT. Invisible. Inconspicuous. Inob- 
 servable. Unnoticeable. Microscopic. 
 
 Conspiracy, n. Con and 
 spirare, to breathe. A union for 
 a common purpose — by usage, 
 applied unfavourably — so close 
 that the members mingle their 
 aspirations in secret. 
 
 Syn. Intrigue. CabaL Plot Treasoa 
 Treachery. 
 
 Ant. Legislation. Parliament. CougreM 
 Synod. Couip. Conclave and < 
 
9f 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Conspire, v i.it. See Con- 
 Bpiracy. 
 
 Constant, adj. Con and stare, 
 to stand. Stiuiding firm, regular, 
 or true. 
 
 Syn. Uniform. Regular. Invariable. 
 Perpetual. Continuous. Firm. Faithful. 
 True. Trustworthy. 
 
 Ant. irregular. Excepti«)tial. Variable. 
 Casual. Accidental incidenial. Brolien. 
 Interrupted. Inconstant Fickle. Untrust- 
 worthy. Faithless. Treacherous. False. 
 
 CoNSTKHNATiON. Con and 
 
 steriiere, to strcio or throiv doion. 
 A knock-doAvn blow of astonish- 
 ment. 
 
 SvN. Amazement. Bewildennent. As- 
 tonishment. Astouniliiig. Horror. Terror. 
 Dismay, 
 
 Ant. Encouragement. Boldness. Fear- 
 lessness. Assurance. Anticipation. Wel- 
 come. Ex|ieclation. Greeting. Congratu- 
 lation. 
 
 Constituent, n. Con and 
 sf.ituo, from sido, to place or 
 stand. Used of persons politi- 
 cally, and of tilings as parts of a 
 compound whole. 
 
 SvN. Voter. Returner. Sender. De- 
 puler. Appointer. Patron. Ingredient. 
 Element. Component 
 
 Ant. Representative. Nominee. Com- 
 mittee. Constitution. System. Whole. 
 
 Constitute, v, tr. See Con- 
 stituent. 
 
 SvN. Form. Make. Compose. Organize. 
 Institute. 
 
 Ant. Dissolve. Destroy. Discompose, 
 lyecompose. Disorganize. Abrogate. Annul 
 Umnake. 
 
 Constitution, n. See above. 
 Applied to the human tempera- 
 ment of body, forms of govern- 
 ment, and to compound condi- 
 tion generally ; sometimes to such 
 laws or regulations as conserve 
 social organizations. 
 
 Sym. Temperament Habit Nature, 
 Government Polity. State. Consistence. 
 Composition. Substance. Organization. 
 8tracture. Regulation. Law. 
 
 Ant. Accident. Habituation. Modifica* 
 t*'Jii. Interference. Anarchy. Datpotism. 
 tyruMf. liebeUton- Uevoluttoij. Diasl. 
 
 pation. Disorganization. Demoliioo. iXv 
 simction, 
 
 Constbadt, V. tr. Constringere^ 
 See Coerce. 
 
 Construct, v. tr. Con nnd 
 struere, to lay. 
 
 Syn. Compose. Build. Fabricate. Form. 
 
 Ant. Derange. Destroy. Overthrow 
 Demolish. 
 
 Construction, n. See Con- 
 struct. Used also for the specilio 
 formation of statements, or tho 
 shape which facts may take in 
 the mind. 
 
 Syn. Composition. Fabrication. lOrection 
 Fabric. F)difice. Reading. Understanding, 
 Interpretation. View. 
 
 Ant. Dislocation. Dismemberment De- 
 molition. Displacement Misplacement 
 Misconstruction. Misunderstanding. Mis- 
 conception. Misinterpretation, 
 
 Construe, v. tr. Same word 
 as Construct; but, for the sake 
 of marking a difference, it re- 
 tains its present form : Construct 
 being used of the process of put- 
 ting together things physical oi 
 analogous; Construe, of the re- 
 solution of sentences or stiite- 
 ments into their grammatical 
 force and meaning. 
 
 Syn. Parse. Resolve. Analyze. Inter- 
 pret. Understand. Render. 
 
 Akt. Nullify. Neutralize. Mystify. 
 Distort. Falsify. Misconstrue. M!siiUer- 
 pret Misconceive. Mistranslate. 
 
 Consult, v. tr. and int. Con- 
 sidere, part, consultus. Act. and 
 netit. To consult together, or to 
 consult another. Also used in 
 the sense of promote, the end 
 being taken for the process. 
 
 Syn. Interrogate. Canvass. Question. 
 Deliberate. Confer. Promote. 
 
 Ant. Resolve. Explain, Expound. 
 Direct Instruct Dictate. Coutteratt, 
 Contravene. 
 
 Consume, v. tr. and mt. Con* 
 sumere. To take up and alto- 
 gether, so as to leave nothing 
 behind. This may be done witt 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 97 
 
 economical purpose, or from 
 wantonness or purpose of de- 
 struction. It has the int. sense 
 of, to waste away. 
 
 Syn. Use. Appropriate. Assimilate. 
 
 Occupy. Absorb. Employ. Utilize. Waste. 
 
 Destroy. Spoil. Rarage. Expand. Pine. 
 
 Wither. l>ecay. 
 
 Ant. Reject. Supersede. Disuse. Dis- 
 cant. 
 
 Consummate, v. tr. Con and 
 
 si'ium.ufi, topmost ; smnma, a sum. 
 To bring to a point or head. 
 
 Syn. Complete. Perfect. Execute. 0>n- 
 chide. Seal. End. 
 
 Ant. Neglect. Drop. Interrupt. Nullify. 
 Undo. Baffle. Frustrate. Mar. Spoil. 
 Defeat. 
 
 Consummate, ndf. See verh. 
 
 Syn. Perfect. Egregious. E.Tcellent. 
 Complete. Finished. 
 
 Ant. Imjierfect. Rude. Common. Me- 
 diocre. Faulty, Defective. Ordinary. 
 
 Consummation, n. See Con- 
 summate, V. 
 
 n. See Con- 
 
 Consumption, 
 
 sume. 
 
 Contact, n. Contivfiere, con- 
 tactus. To come close enough to 
 touch. 
 
 Sto. Touch. Contiguity. Continuity. 
 Apposition. Acynnction. 
 
 Ant. I'roximity. Adjacence. Interval. 
 Interruption. Disconnection. Separation. 
 Distance. Isolation, Non-contact. 
 
 Contagious, adj. See Contact. 
 Produced by, or as if by, the in- 
 fluence of contact. 
 
 Syn. Catcliing. Communicated. Trans- 
 ferred. Transmitted. 
 
 Ant. Infectious. Sporadic. Endemic. 
 Antipathetic. Preventative 
 
 Contain, v. tr. Continere. To 
 hold together or inside. 
 
 Syn. Hold. Include. Comprise. Inclose. 
 Ant. Drop. Exclude. Extrude. Emit. 
 Discharge. Afford. Yield. Produce. 
 
 Contaminate, v. tr. Contami- 
 nare, taminare, probably con- 
 nected with tangere. Implying 
 a defiling touch. Used physi- 
 Ottlly and morally. 
 
 Taint. Comqpt 8q11j 
 Cleanse. l^Ave, Clarify 
 
 Syn. Defile. 
 Befoul. Soil 
 
 Ant. Purify, 
 (tanctify. Chasten 
 
 Contemk, V. tr. Lat. contemn 
 nere. 
 
 Syn. Despise. Disdain. Deride. Scorn. 
 Slight. Disregard. 
 
 Ant. Respect. Revere rv^enerate. Re. 
 gard. 
 
 Contemplate, v. tr. From 
 templum, a space of the heavens 
 marked out for augury. Comp, 
 one of the derivations given for 
 Consider. It is used both as net. 
 and Jitiif. 
 
 SvN, Me<lltate. Behold. Observe. I'on- 
 der. Study. Purpose. Design, intend. 
 ProJfKit. 
 
 Ant Ignore. Overlook, Waive. Aban- 
 don. 
 
 Contemporary, adj. Con and 
 tempns, time. See Coetaneous 
 and Coeval, 
 
 Contempt, n. See Contemn, 
 
 Contemptible, adj. See Con- 
 temn. 
 
 SvN. Despicable. Mean. Disreputable, 
 i'rifling. Trivial. 
 Important. Grave. Weighty, 
 ilespectable. Venerable. 
 
 Contend, v. int. Co7i and 
 tendere. To stretch or .strive for 
 an object, with one's self or 
 against another. 
 
 Cope. 
 
 Paltry. 
 
 Ant. 
 Honourable. 
 
 Contest, 
 Maintiiin. Dis- 
 
 Syn. Strive. Compete, 
 struggle Grapple. Argue, 
 agree. Wrangle. 
 
 Ant. Resign. Concede. Allow K«- 
 linquish. Forego. Surrender. Waive 
 
 Content, adj. See Contain. 
 In the state of containing enough, 
 or being full, 
 
 Syn Full, Satisfied. Willing, Re. 
 signed. 
 
 Ant. Unsatisfied. Dissatisfied. Un- 
 willing. Reluctant. Discontented. 
 
 Contented, adj. See Content 
 
 Contention, n. See Contend. 
 
 Contentious, adj. See Coo 
 Uud. (iiven to contention. 
 
98 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 SrN. Litigious. Perverse. Wayward. 
 Bpleiietic Cantankerous. Exf.tptious. 
 
 Ant. Pacific. Obliging. Considerate. 
 Obsequious. Accommodating. Easy. 
 
 Conterminous, adj. Con and 
 terminus, a houndary. Having 
 tlie same or equal limits; also 
 has the boundaries contiguous. 
 
 Sin. Commensurate. Adjoining. Con- 
 tiguous. Abutting. 
 
 Ant Unequal. Iiiconformable. Ad- 
 jacent. Proximate. Remote. Inconter- 
 minous. 
 
 Contest, n. and v. Contestari. 
 A struggle before witnesses. See 
 Contention. 
 
 Context, n. Con and texere, 
 to weave. That into which a par- 
 ticular passage is, as it were, 
 inwoven. 
 
 Syn. Tenor. Treatment. Texture. Com- 
 position. Matter. 
 
 Ant. Text Quotation. Citation. Pas- 
 eage. Extract. 
 
 Contexture, n. See Texture. 
 
 Contiguous, adj. See Con- 
 tagious, Adjacent, and Conter- 
 minous. 
 
 Continence, n. See Contain. 
 Self-containment. 
 
 SvN. Abstinence. Self-control. Refrain, 
 n. Cliastity. Sobriety. Temperance. 
 
 Ant. Licentiousness, Self-indulgence. 
 Incontinence. Dissoluteness. Intemper- 
 ance. 
 
 Contingent, adj. Contingere, 
 to touch. Touching upon another 
 thing, so as to move with and 
 depend upon it. Used abstract- 
 edly, in the sense of hypotheti- 
 cal. 
 
 Stn. Eependent. Incidental. Resultant. 
 CocflBcient. Hypothetical. Uncertain. Con- 
 ditional. 
 
 Ant. Positive. Absolute. Independent 
 Unmodified. Unaffected. Uncontrolled. 
 Irrespective. 
 
 Contingent, n. See adj. 
 
 Stn. Contribution. Subsidy. Supply. 
 Sticcour. Reinforcement Auxiliaries. Oo- 
 ijijion. Subscription. 
 
 Ant. Array, bum. Host Campaign, 
 fund. CapituL 
 
 Continually, adv. Oontinu" 
 are, from continere. To hold to- 
 gether over successive periods ol 
 time. 
 
 Si-N. Constatitly. Persistently. Re- 
 pealedly. Frequently. Continuously. 
 
 Ant. Casually. Occasionally. Con- 
 tiny.ently. Sometimes. Rarely. Fitfully 
 Intirmittently. 
 
 Continuation, v. Sec Con- 
 tinually. It is applied to moral 
 or mental continuity. Where 
 a])plied to external action, it in- 
 volves also sustained action of 
 tiie will, as, 'the continuation 
 of a walk,' Physical sequence of 
 matter is called continuity; the 
 unbroken operation of physical 
 influences, continuance, as, 'a 
 continuance of fine weather.' 
 Continuance is also sometimes 
 used for continuation. Succes- 
 sion implies series, not uni- 
 formity ; so, * a succession of fino 
 days,' or, ' a continuance of fine 
 weather.' 
 
 Syn. Sequence. Continuance, Succes- 
 sion. Connection. Extension. Prolonga^ 
 tion. Perpetuation. Concatenation, 
 
 Ant. Interruption. Cessation. Discon- 
 tinuance, Break. Gap. 
 
 Continue, v. int. See above. 
 
 Syn. Last Persist. Endure. Persevere. 
 Proceed. 
 
 Ant. Cease. Fail. Stop. Pause. Break. 
 Discontinue. 
 
 Continuity, w. See Continua- 
 tion. 
 
 Contortion, n. Con and 
 
 torquere, part, tortus, to twist. 
 
 Syn. Twisting. Writhing. Wresting. 
 Distortion. Deformity. Convolution. 
 
 Ant. Symmetry. Uniformity. Shapeli- 
 ness. Configuration. Contour. 
 
 Contour, n. Con and Lat. 
 
 tornus, a lathe, in reference to its 
 power of producing a rounded 
 smoothness of surface. See Con- 
 fiiguration. 
 
 Contraband, adj. Gonira 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 99 
 
 against, and hannum, or handum, 
 a jnodamation. See Abandon. 
 
 Syn. Illicit. Interdicted. Smuggled. 
 Ant. Licit. Uuinterdicted. Free. 
 
 Contract, v. tr. Contrahere. 
 To draw together. First, into 
 narrower limits than formerly; 
 hence applied, analogously, to 
 the gathering into a document 
 of the conditions of an agree- 
 ment; and, lastly, the informal 
 act, or the feeling, of agreement, 
 as, to contract a friendship, ac- 
 quaintance, or a feeling of friend- 
 ship. 
 
 Syn. Abridge. Abbreviate. Retrench. 
 Curtail. Form. Agree. 
 
 Ant. P^xpand. Amplify. Dilate, 
 Elongate. Reverse. Cancel. Abandon. 
 
 Contract, w. See verh. 
 
 Syn. Covenant. Agreement. Bond. 
 Ant. Promise. Assurance. Parole. 
 
 Contradict, v. tr. Contra, 
 against, and dicere, to sjpeak. To 
 speak or argue in opposition or 
 confutation. Applicable to per- 
 sons, statements, and evidence. 
 
 Syn. Oppose. Dissent. Negative. Deny. 
 Disprove. Confute. Refute. Gainsay. Con- 
 travene. 
 
 Ant. State. Propound. Maintain. 
 Argue. Confirm. AflBrm. Endorse. 
 
 Contradiction, n. See Con- 
 tradict. Used of mutual repug- 
 nance of terms or statements. 
 
 Syn. Repugnance. Contrariety. Incon- 
 sistency. Incompatibility. 
 
 Ant. Harmony. Coincidence. Con- 
 sentaneity. Concurrence. Convergence. 
 Statement. AflBrmation. Proof. 
 
 Contradistinction, n. A 
 distinction amounting to opposi- 
 tion; or distinction of a marked 
 kind. 
 
 Contraposition, n. Contra, 
 and posit io, from ponere, to place. 
 Opposite location. Placing. 
 
 *Stn. Oppositeness. Coufrontmeut 
 Facing. 
 
 A*w Side. Flank. Collateralness. 
 
 CoNTEARious, adj. Said ol 
 disposition. See Contentious. 
 
 Contrary, adj. Contrarius, 
 contra, against. 
 
 Syn. Opposed. Opposite. Repugnant. 
 Adverse. Incompatible. Inconsistent. 
 
 Ant. Agreeing. Consentaneous. Com- 
 patible. Kindred. Coincident. Consistent. 
 
 Contrast, n. Contra and 
 sisters, to place. 
 
 Syn. Opposition. Contrariety. Dissimi- 
 larity. 
 
 Akt. Harmony, Similarity. Comparison, 
 Similitude. 
 
 Contravene, v. tr. Contra 
 and venire, to come. To come in 
 opposition to the statements or 
 judgments of another. See Con- 
 tradict, 
 
 Contribute, v. Ccmtribuere. 
 To give or tend to a common 
 fund, or for a common purpose. 
 Act. and ntut. ; as the latter, it 
 has the force of conduce. 
 
 Syn. Conduce. Add. Subscribe. Give. 
 Tend. Supply. 
 
 Ant. Refuse. Withhold. Misconduce. 
 Misapply. Contravene. 
 
 Contribution, n. See Contri- 
 bute. 
 
 Syn. Donation. Oblation. Offering. Sub- 
 scription. Subsidy. Aid. Assistance. 
 
 Ant. Withholding. Retention. Disal- 
 lowance. Misappropriation. Misapplica- 
 tion. Contravention. 
 
 Contrition, n. Conterere, 
 tritus. See Attrition. 
 
 Contrivance, n. See Con- 
 trive. 
 
 Contrive, v. tr. Fr. trouver, 
 to Jind. Conn. Treasure-trove. 
 To find out ways in general, and 
 the right way in particular, as 
 the rt'Hilt of research and skill. 
 
 Syn. Plan. Design. Arrange. Fabri- 
 cate. Adapt. Manage. Scheme. Deviae. 
 
 Ant. Hit Hazard. Run. Cbatica, 
 Venture. Bungle. Over-vault Over-do. 
 
 Contbivino, adj. See Ooii 
 trive. 
 
 ■ 2 
 
100 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Stw, Scheming!. Artful. Designing. 
 Deep. Cunning. Ingenious. Clever. In- 
 Tentive. 
 
 Ant. Stolid. Inapt Resoarcelcis. Un- 
 ready. Artless, Uninventive 
 
 Control, v. tr. Fr. contre 
 rdle. The roll was rotuhis, a 
 'parchment wound on a cylinder 
 of wood, and used as a register 
 of deeds and accounts. 
 
 SxN. Check. Curl). Moderate. Regulate. 
 Restrain. Coerce. Manage. Administer, 
 (lovern. 
 
 Ant. Neglect. Abandon. I^icence. Libe* 
 rate. Vt'K. Mismanage. AI>s('onduct. 
 
 Control, w. See verb. 
 
 Controversy, n. Contra, 
 against, and vertere, to turn. The 
 turning of one against another 
 in debate. 
 
 Syn. Dispute. Disagreement. Disputa- 
 tion. \Vrangle. Bickering. Question. 
 
 Ant. Agreement. Unanimity. Coinci- 
 dence. 
 
 Controvertible, adj. See 
 Controversy. That may be made 
 matter of controversy. 
 
 SyN. Questionable. Dubious. 
 
 Ant. Unquestionable. Incontrovertible. 
 
 Contumacy, n. Contumada, 
 from temnere, to despise authority, 
 or tiimere, to swell against if. 
 
 SvN. Rebelliousness. Stubbornness. Res- 
 tiveness. Waywardness. Self-will. Uu- 
 tractableness. 
 
 Ant. Submissiveness. Docility. Tract- 
 ableness. Servility. Cringing. Fawning. 
 Flattery. 
 
 Contumely, n. See Contu- 
 macy. 
 
 ' Syn. Contemptuousness. Scornfulnes*. 
 Arrogance. Disrespect. Obloquy. 
 
 Ant. Respect. Regard. Obligingness. 
 Accommodation. Considerateness. Fawn- 
 ing. Flattery. Adulation. Obsequiousness. 
 
 Contusion, n. Con and tun- 
 dere, tusus, to beat or knock. 
 
 Syn. Bruise. Knock. Blow. 
 
 Ant. Soothing. Smoothing. Stroking. 
 Caress. Pat. 
 
 Convalksoknoe, n, Couvales- 
 cere, from valere, to be strong. The 
 state of health, especially in re- 
 ference to previous sicknosj). 
 
 Syn. Health. Sanity. Vigour. Rrtburti 
 ness. Hardiness. Haleness. Recovery. 
 Cure. 
 
 Ant. Infirmity. Weakness. Unliealthi» 
 ness. Sickliness. Complaint. Diseasa 
 Malady. Ailment. Prostration. Sinking. 
 Relapse. 
 
 Convene, act. and int. Con 
 and venire, to come. Used only 
 of persons. 
 
 Syn. Assemble. Collect Gather. Sum- 
 mon. Muster. Ijcvy. Convoke. 
 Ant. Disperse. Dismiss. Disbatid. 
 
 Convenient, adj. See Con- 
 vene. Coming opix)rtunely or 
 conducively. The older sense 
 was, fitting, decent, becoming. 
 
 Syn. Handy. Apt. Helpful. Conimo. 
 dious. Useful. Timely. Sea»onable. t)p- 
 portune. 
 
 Ant. Inconvenient Awkward. Ob- 
 structive. Useless. -Superfluous. Un.sea- 
 sonable. Untimely. Inopportune. 
 
 Convention, n. See Convene. 
 Has the sense of an assembly for 
 a common purpose, and the re- 
 sult of deliberation, in the shape 
 of compact. It differs from 
 compact as being to nations or 
 societies what compacts are to 
 individuals. 
 
 Syn. Assemblage. Meeting. Oathering. 
 Conference. Cabinet. Convocation. (Con- 
 gress. Session. Synod. Treaty. Compiict. 
 
 Ant. Recess. Non-convention. Disso- 
 lution. Prorogation. Promise. Under- 
 standing. Word. Parole. 
 
 Conventional, adj. See Con- 
 vene. Based upon social cus- 
 tom. 
 
 SvN. Customary. Usual. Prevalent 
 Social. 
 
 AxT. Unusual. Unsocial. I^egal. Com- 
 pulsory. Statutable. Immutable. Natural. 
 Invariable. 
 
 Conventual, adj. See Con- 
 vene. Belonging to the convent. 
 
 Syn. Monastic. Regular. Coenobitual. 
 Ant. Laic. Secular. Social. 
 
 Converge, v. int. Con and 
 vergere, to tend or slope. Used of 
 things among themselves, or ona 
 to another, or a common i)oint. 
 
Synonyim and Antoni/his. 
 
 l-Ol 
 
 Stn. Tend. Bear. Incline. Lead. Co- 
 incide. Conduce. Contribute. Meet. Con- 
 oeutrate. Corradiale. 
 
 Ant. Diverge. Deviate. Radiate. Mix. 
 Foul. Entangle. 
 
 Conversant, adj. Con and 
 versari, to he versed. Having the 
 knowledge of experience. 
 
 Syn. B'amiliar. Acquainted. E.xptri- 
 enced. Versed, liearned. 
 
 Ant. Unfamiliar. Unacquainted. Ig- 
 norant. Unverbed. Unlearned. Strange, 
 inconversant. 
 
 Conversation, v. Bee Con- 
 versant. Applied by usage to 
 community of speech, though, in 
 old times, the word was equi- 
 valent to mode of life. 
 
 SrN. Converse. Dialogue. Colloquy. 
 Confabulation. Chat. 
 
 Ant. Speech. Oration. Harangue. 
 Babel. Jabber. Babble. Prattle. Dribble. 
 Mutter. Soliloquy. Apostrophe. Mono- 
 logue. Interpellation. Interruption. Silence. 
 Taciturnity. 
 
 Converse, v. See Conversa- 
 tion. 
 
 Converse, adj. See above. 
 Denotes duality of opposition. 
 
 Syn. Opposite. Reverse. Contrary. Op- 
 
 fosed. Contradictory. Goiuiter. Correlative, 
 lelative. 
 
 Ant. Identical. Same. One. Insepa- 
 rable. Indistinguishable. Connate. Uni- 
 form. IMrect. IVimary. Unluvertcd. 
 
 CoNVERSiBLE, adj. Bec above. 
 Comp. Affable. 
 
 Conversion, n. Co it, and 
 vertere, to turn. Implies the 
 changed state of the whole per- 
 son or thing; also the relative 
 change of two things. 
 
 SrN. Change. Alteration. Transmuta- 
 tion. Transformation. Interchange. 
 
 Ant. Persistence. Permanence. Con- 
 Bcrvatiou. Retention. Identity. 
 
 Convert, v. int. See Con- 
 version. With the additional 
 sense of apply. 
 
 Syk, Change. Alter, Transmute. Trans- 
 form. Apply. Appropriate. 
 
 Ant, Conserve. Perpetuate. StaWHt«iJi). 
 Stweotype. Clinch. Alienate Divert, 
 efjtt^proprj^t^j, 14i»ppl7, 
 
 Convertible, adj. See above. 
 In strict logic, said of terms 
 which may interchangeablj form 
 the subject or predicate of a pro- 
 position; as, the aggregate of 
 the English letters is the Eng- 
 lish alphabet; or, the English 
 alphabet is the aggregate of the 
 English letters; so, the temis 
 are convertible. All trees are 
 vegetables; here the terms are 
 not convertible, for there are 
 vegetables which are not trees. 
 But, in usage, the word has ex- 
 tended to mean words or terms 
 which, generally speaking, may 
 be used interchangeably. 
 
 Stn. Identical. Commensurate. Con- 
 terminous. Equivalent. Equipollent. 
 
 Ant. Variant. Incommensurate. Un- 
 equivalent. Contrary. Contradictory. Con- 
 trarian t. 
 
 Convey, v. tr. Con and vein re, 
 to carry. To carry lx)dily ; im- 
 plying, however, some definite 
 direction and end. Used also 
 metaphorically, as, to convey an 
 impression. 
 
 SvN. Take, Carry. Transfer. Trans- 
 port. Remove. 
 
 Ant. Bring. Adduce. Fetch. Drop. 
 House. Slow Deposit. 
 
 Conveyance, n. See Convey, 
 Used loosely for carriage, as a 
 means of personal conveyance. . 
 
 Convict, v. tr. See Convince. 
 Used of legal convincement of 
 crime or misdemeanour. 
 
 Syn. Sentence. Condemn. 
 Ant. Acquit. Discharge. 
 
 Conviction, n. See Convict, 
 Used also for assurance. 
 
 Syn. Assurance. Persuasion. Belief. 
 Ant. Doubt. Misgiving. Disbelief. 
 
 Convince, v. tr. Con and 
 vlncere, to overcome. To over- 
 come objections of the intellect, 
 as to persuade is to ovorcM)me 
 objections of the >viU. Ip usaf^e 
 
102 
 
 Sj/twnpns and Antonyms. 
 
 it does not necessarily imply pre- 
 vious resistance, but only igno- 
 rance of mind. It is followed by 
 the prep. of. 
 
 Stn. Persuade. Enlighten. Inoculate. 
 Indoctrinate. 
 
 Akt. Misguide. Mislead. Misadvise. 
 Mystify. Puzzle. Perplex. Mispersuade. 
 Unsettle. 
 
 Convivial, adj. Convivium, 
 a repast. Said of meetings and 
 persons ; the idea of feasting, as 
 in the term Festive, being not 
 rigidly present. 
 
 Syn. Hospitable. Social. Festive. 
 Jovial. Jolly. 
 
 Ant. Inhospitable. Unsociable. Un- 
 neighbourly. Churlish. Abstemious. Aus- 
 tere. Ascetic. 
 
 Convoke, Convooate, Con- 
 vocation. Con and vocare, to 
 call. See Convene and Conven- 
 tion. 
 
 Convolution, n. Con and 
 volvere, to roll, volutus. A coiling 
 inwards. 
 
 Syn. Coil. Involution. Implication. 
 Spiral. Twist. Contortion. 
 
 Ant. Unravelling. Explication. Evolu- 
 tion. Enndoation. 
 
 Convoy, n. and v. Con and 
 
 via, a way (yiagium, whence 
 voyage). Is to the sea what 
 Escort is on land. 
 
 Syn. Escort Guard. Protection. Con- 
 duct. 
 
 Ant. Loss. Betrayal. Capture. Inter- 
 ception. 
 
 Convulse, v. tr. Con and 
 vellere, to tear or pull, part, vulsus. 
 To produce internal agitation. 
 
 Syn. Agitate. Shake. Perturb. 
 
 Ant. Soothe. Collocate. Compose. As- 
 
 CoNVULSiON, n. See Convulse. 
 
 Syn. Agitation. Commotion. Perturba- 
 tion. Tumult TurmoiL 
 
 Ant. Quiescence. Subsidence. Soothing. 
 Pacification. Arrangement. Composure. 
 
 Cool, v. tr. Germ. Used 
 physically and analogously. 
 
 Syk. Ventilate. Refrigerate. Allay 
 Tkriop. Temper Moderate. 
 
 Ant. Warm. 
 
 Excite. Inflame. 
 
 Heat Chafft Jrritata 
 
 Cool, adj. See Cool, v. 
 
 Syn. Cold. Calm. Indifferent Self- 
 
 Ant. Warm. Hot Ardent Eager. 
 
 Coolness, n. See above. 
 
 Syn. Coldness. Calmness. Indifference. 
 Self-possession. Distance. 
 
 Ant. Heat Ardour. Eagerness. Pas- 
 slon. Excitement Warmth. Heartiness. 
 
 Coop, V. tr. Of Northern 
 origin. Conn, with Cup. See 
 Confine. 
 
 Co-operate, v. int. Con and 
 opus, a work. Followed by the 
 prep. with. 
 
 Stn. Assist Abet. Conspire. 
 
 Ant. Thwart. Oppose. Counteract. 
 Rival. 
 
 Co-operation, n. See Co- 
 operate. 
 
 Co-ordinate, adj. Con and 
 ordo, a rank. Either belonging 
 to the same order or class ; or, 
 more correctly, belonging to the 
 same rank or degree. 
 
 Syn. Consociate. Coincident. Equal, 
 Coequal. I<;quivalcnt Tantamount. Equi- 
 pollent. Interequivalent 
 
 Ant. Extraneous. Diverse. Alien. Un- 
 equal. Unequivalent Inco-ordinate. Dis* 
 parate. 
 
 Copartner, n. See Partner. 
 
 Cope, v. int. Fr. couper, to 
 cut. Coup, a blow. Conn. Copse 
 or Coppice, where the wood is 
 frequently cut for fuel. It is 
 followed by the prep. with. 
 
 Syn. Contend. Vie. Struggle. Strive 
 Compete. 
 
 Ant. Negotiate. Arbitrate. Compro- 
 mise. Surrender. 
 
 Copious, adj. Copia. Plenty. 
 See Abundant. 
 
 Copy, n. See Copious. A con- 
 trivance for multiplying an ori- 
 ginal. 
 
 Syn. Imitation. Portraiture. Likencs* 
 Transcrpt. 
 I ANT Original. Prototype Model Eic 
 I ampi*. «ttem. 
 
 i 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 103 
 
 Cordial, adj. Cor, the heart. 
 
 SvN. WaiTa- Earnest, Affectionate. 
 Hearty. 
 
 Ant. Cold, Distant Formal. Cere- 
 monious. 
 
 Core, n. See Cordial. 
 
 Syn. Heart. Kernel. Nucleus. Centre. 
 
 Ant. Face. Exterior. Aspect. Ap- 
 pearance. Complexion, Ostensibility. Pre- 
 text. 
 
 Corner, n. Cwnv,, a horn. 
 Tlie angle made by the horns, 
 the head being the point of meet- 
 ing. By usage, any locality of a 
 liollow or secluded kind. 
 
 Syn. Cavity. Hole, Nook. Recess. 
 Retreat. 
 
 Ant. Coin. Abutment. Prominence. 
 Salience. Angle. Protrusion. Elbow. Pro- 
 jection. Convexity. 
 
 Cornice, n. Fr. Comp. with 
 Crown. A moulded projection. 
 
 SvN. Beading. Moulding. Piojection. 
 Ant. Entablature. Fluting. Corrugation. 
 Cavity. Groove. 
 
 Corollary, n. C<yrolla, a 
 chuplet, from corona, corollarium. 
 A gift of elegance, as, a chaplet 
 or bouquet of flowers, crowning, 
 or superadded to the due wages. 
 Hence, an additament of an in- 
 ferential nature. 
 
 Stn. Inference. Deduction. Additament. 
 Superaddition. 
 
 Ant. Problem. Proposition. 
 
 Corporal^ Corporeal, adj. 
 Corpus ork, the hody. 
 
 Syn. Bodily. Fleshly. Physical. 
 Ant. Mental. Moral. Spiritual. 
 
 Corps, n. Corpus, a hody. Or- 
 ganized more especially for mili- 
 tary purposes. 
 
 Syn. Body. Regiment. Band. Squadron. 
 Troop. Company. 
 
 Aht. Army. Host. Force, Mass. Or- 
 ganization. Aggregate. 
 
 Corpse, n. See Corps. By 
 usago restricted to dead bodies. 
 
 Stn. Carcase. Remains. Dust. Clay, 
 Ant. Soul. Person. Individual. 
 
 Coepulent, adj. See Corps. 
 
 Syn. Stout. Portly* Burly. Fat. 
 Ant. Lean. Thin. Atten/i«'<8d. Slight, 
 tewcitted. 
 
 Corpuscle, n. See aoove. 
 
 5yn. Atom. Particle. Monad. Jot 
 Molecule. 
 
 Ant. Mass. Body. Aggregate. Or- 
 ganization. Matter. 
 
 Corpuscular, adj. See Cor- 
 puscle. 
 
 Corradiate, v., Corradia- 
 TION, n. See Converge. 
 
 Correct, adj. Con and regerc, 
 to rule. Whence Eegular or 
 Eule. True to a given standard 
 of morals, mathematics, logic, 
 art, &c. See Accurate. 
 
 Syn. True. Exact. Faultless. Right 
 Ant. False. Untrue. Incorrect Faulty 
 Wrong. 
 
 Correct, v. See adj. 
 
 Stn. Chasten. Punish. Rectify. Amend 
 Ant. Spare. Falsify. Corrupt. 
 
 Corrective, adj. and n. 
 
 SrN. Regulatire. Alterative. Preventa 
 live. Restorative. 
 
 Ant. Confirmative. Conducive. Provo- 
 cative. Stimulative. Jntensitivc. 
 
 Correlation, n. Con and 
 referre, relatus, to reefer. 
 
 Syn. Correspondence. Interrelation. 
 Interdependence. Mutuality. Apposition. 
 
 Ant. Contradiction. Independence. In- 
 ter-repugnance. 
 
 Correlative, adj. See Cor- 
 relation. 
 
 Correspond, v. int. Con and 
 re^pondere, to respond. 
 
 Syn. Match. Tally. Fit Answer. 
 Agree. Suit. Harmonize. 
 
 Ant. Vary. Differ, Disagree. Jar. 
 aash. 
 
 Correspondence, n. See 
 Correspond. It has also the tech- 
 nical sense of correspondence by 
 letter. 
 
 Syn. Fitness. Agreement Answerable- 
 ness. Match. Congeniality. Communica- 
 tion. Letter. Writing. Despatches. 
 
 Ant. Conversation. Colloquy. Con- 
 fabulation. Reservation. Withdrawal. 
 Withholding. Non-intercourse. Difference. 
 Repugnance. 
 
 Corrigible, adj. See Correct. 
 
 Syn. Amenable. Docile. Tractable. 
 Ant. Intractable. Stubboru. XiKOfnjf; 
 
104 
 
 Synonyms and Ajitonyms. 
 
 CoBBoaoBATE, V. tr. Con and 
 rcbar, strength. Whence Robust. 
 To strengthen evidence, state- 
 ment, or opinion. 
 
 SrN. Strengthen. Confirm. Fortify, 
 bupport. 
 
 Ant. Weaken. Invalidate. Shake. Con- 
 fute. Rebut. Enfeeble. 
 
 CoBBOBORATiON, 71. ISec Cor- 
 roborate. 
 
 Syn. Confirmation. Fortification, 
 ytrengthcning. 
 
 Ant. Counterevidencft Contradiction. 
 • Invalidation. Shaking. Befutation. 
 
 Corrode, v. tr. Con and ro- 
 dere, to gnaw. Used physically 
 and metaphorically, as, coiroding 
 care. 
 
 SvN. Eat Rust. Gnaw. Canker. Wear. 
 Crumble. 
 
 Ant. Repair. Renew. Furbish. Con- 
 solidate. 
 
 Corrosion, n. See Corrode. 
 Corrosive, adj. See Corrode. 
 
 Corrugate, v. tr. Ruga, a 
 wrin/de. 
 
 SvN. Furrow. Groove. Rumple. Crumple. 
 Wrinkle. Ruffle. Crease. 
 
 Ant. Plane. Flatten. Roll. 
 
 COBBUGATION, n. Sec CoiTU- 
 
 gate. 
 
 Corrupt, v. tr. Con and 
 rumpere. To break uj) the ele- 
 ments of an organized lx)dy ; 
 hence, morally, to taint, and also 
 to spoil mental matter, as, the 
 views of tnith, or the text of a 
 book, by false rendering. 
 
 Syn. Spoil. Deteriorate. Impair. IX>- 
 base. Defile, Contaminate. I'oUute. De- 
 prave. 
 
 Ant. Mend. Repair. Purify. Cleanse. 
 Correct Ameliorate. Better. 
 
 Corrupt, adj. See verb. 
 
 Syn. Defiled. Polluted. Vitiated. Con- 
 taminated. 
 
 Ant. Pure. Uncorrupt Undefiled 
 
 Corruption, «. See Corrupt. 
 Physical and moral. 
 
 8v!f. Decompoflition. Decay. Defile- 1 
 W';at. Deterioration, 'fafn*. Contamina- I 
 Hca. Putrefactioq. I 
 
 Ant. ViUlity. Organiaation. 
 Purification. Amelioration. 
 
 rtty 
 
 Coruscate, v. int. Corh'scare. 
 To shine with a flashing light, «s 
 distinguished from a steady 
 burning. 
 
 Syn. Blaze. Flame. Flash. Scintillata 
 Glisten. 
 
 Ant. Pale. Smoulder. Darken. Loom 
 Lower. Glimmer Gleam. Glare. Beam 
 Shimmer 
 
 Coruscation, n. See Corus- 
 cate. 
 
 CoSiMICAL, adj. Gr. Koanos, 
 the world. 
 
 Syn. Universal. General. 
 
 Ant. Local. Topical. National. Per- 
 sonal. 
 
 Cost, n. Germ, koden. Lat. 
 constare. To stand at a price. 
 The price at wliich a thing 
 stands 
 
 Syn. to r. Require. Consume. Absorb. 
 
 Ant. Bring. I'roducc. Yield. Afford. 
 Fetch. Return. 
 
 Syn. to 71. Expenditure. Outlay. Dis- 
 bursement I'ayment. Compensation. Out- 
 goings. 
 
 Ant. to n. Receipt. Income. Emolu- 
 ment. Return. Profit I'crquisite, R^ 
 venue. 
 
 Costly, adj. See Cost. 
 
 SvN. Valuable. Expensive. High-priwd, 
 Rich. Precious. Sumptuous. 
 
 Ant. Valueless. Cheap. Low-priced. 
 
 Mean. Worthless Beggarly. Paltry. 
 
 Costume, n. Same word as 
 Custom, from the Lat. consuetudo. 
 Custom or way of living; but by 
 usage restricted to distinctive 
 dress. 
 
 Syn. Uniform, Livery. Robes. 
 Ant. Disguise. Transformation. Incog* 
 nito. 
 
 Cosy, adj. Fr. causer, to chat, 
 
 Syn. Snug. Comfortable. Chatty. 
 Ant. Bare. Comfortless, Cross. 
 
 Cotempoeary, adj. See Coe- 
 taneous and Coeval. 
 
 Couch, v. Fr. coucher, to lie, 
 Snr. Lie. Bwid. Suwp. Squ&t. 
 Ant, Rise. Staiiq. Spcine- '->iirt 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 ]05 
 
 OotrcHANT, udj. ISee Couch. 
 U«orl heraldically. 
 
 Council, n, Lat. concilium. 
 A lawful or standing combina- 
 tion for purposes of consultation. 
 
 SvN. Cabinet. Bureau. Chamber. Con- 
 sul lat ion. Conclave. Parliament. Congrcsis. 
 cjnfxi. 
 
 Ant. League. Conspiracy. Cabal. In- 
 trigue. Mob. Mulliuule. Crowd. 
 
 Counsel, n. The French form 
 of Council. 
 
 SvN. Advice. Instruction. Monition. 
 Ant. Misguidance. Misiustruction. Be- 
 trayal. 
 
 Counsel, v. See noun. 
 
 CouNSELLOE, n. Sec CouUsel, n. 
 
 Count, v. tr. Lat. computare, 
 to compute ; of which Count is a 
 shorter form. 
 
 Syn. Compute. Ileckon. Enumerate. 
 l<i>tiniate. Numl»er. Sura. 
 
 Ant. Hazard. Conjecture. Guess. Lump. 
 Confmnd. 
 
 Countenance, v. Contiuentia 
 valtas. The general pose, aspect, 
 or expression of the features ; or 
 the component parts of the face 
 itself, irrespective of such cx- 
 ])ression. Used metaphorically 
 for aid, lx)ing the result of a 
 favourable expression of counte- 
 nance. 
 
 S\"N. Help. Aid. Abet. Encourage. 
 Ant. Oppose. Confront. J>iscourage. 
 I >ibcountcnance. Browbeat. 
 
 Countenance, n. See verb. 
 
 SvN. Aid. Abet. Encoarage. Support. 
 Ant. Discountenance. 
 
 Counter. Lat. contra, wjainst. 
 It is used as an adverb, preposi- 
 tion, and prefix. 
 
 Syn. Opposed. Contrary. Against. 
 Ant. According. Coincident. 
 
 Counteract, v. tr. Contra, 
 atjainst, and agere, to do or act, so 
 as strongly to oppose, or effec- 
 tually to neutralize, 
 
 Syn. Counteriiifuence. Counterfoil. Foil 
 Baffle. Neutralize. Oppose. Bival. Thwart 
 
 Akt. 
 Conserva 
 
 Aid. Help. Abe^;. Promote, 
 Co-opoxate. Subscrvtt 
 
 COUNTEREVIDENCE, n. Contm, 
 evidentia, cviderc, to look out, or 
 manifest itself. Evidence in an 
 opposite direction. 
 
 Syn. Contradiction. Confliction. 
 Ant. Corroboration. Continuation. 
 
 Counterfeit, v. Contra and 
 facere, factus, to do or make. A 
 thing done falsely, that is, against 
 truth or justice or actual fact. 
 
 Syn. Simulate. Misrepresent. Jmpcr* 
 sonate. 
 
 Ant. Expose. Unmask. Detect. 
 
 Counterfeit, n. See verb. 
 
 Syn. Cheat. Triclc. Juggle. Fraud. 
 Artifice. Fabrication. Pretence. Ruse. 
 Sham. 
 
 Ant. Exposure. Detection. Unmartkii.g, 
 Unveiling. Reality. Verity. Fact. Tnith. 
 
 Counterfoil, v. tr. Contra, 
 af/niust, and folium, a leaf, or 
 thin plate of metal (as tin-foil), 
 placed at the end of feucing- 
 swonis for pui-poses of safety. 
 IJence to foil may be to baffle or 
 blunt the edge of an attack. But 
 comp. Ji'r. fouler. See Baffle. 
 
 Countermand, v. tr. Sec 
 Command. 
 
 Counterpart, 7i. Contra and 
 pars, a part, lot, or place. That 
 which is placed opi)osite to a 
 thing to match it, as each gate- 
 post is the counterpart of the 
 other. From the usual similarity 
 of counterparts, the word has 
 come strongly to express the 
 idea of resemblance, which is not 
 its primary force. Physical 
 counterparts may be opposite in 
 situation, but cannot be opposed. 
 
 Syn. Match, Fellow. Tally. Brother. 
 Twin. Copy. 
 
 Ant. Correlative. Complement. Sup- 
 plement. Opponent. Counteragent li*- 
 verse. Obverse. Opposite. Anti'Ucsi* 
 Contrs^^t. gootradiction. 
 
106 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Counterpoise, v. tr. Fr. cmtre 
 pois, pondus, weight. 
 Syk. Balance. Equalize. 
 Aht. Overbalance. Aggravate. 
 
 Counterpoise, n. See verb, 
 
 Stn.. Makeweight. Equilibrium. 
 Ant. Preponderance. 
 
 CouNTERPBESSURE, n. Contra 
 and premere, pressus, to press. 
 
 Syn. Resistance. Stubbornness. Reni- 
 tency. 
 
 Ant. Yielding. Giving. Resilience. 
 
 Countervail, v. int. Contra 
 and valere, to he of force. Counter- 
 vail is to the notion of influence 
 what Counterpoise is to that of 
 weight. 
 
 Syn. Counteract Oppose. Withstand. 
 Ant. Aggravate. Intensify. Subserve. 
 
 CftUNTLESS, adj. See Count. 
 
 Syn. Innumerable. Numberless. 
 Ant. Few. Scant, Sparse. 
 
 Countryman, w. One of the 
 country. Also one of a country, 
 and one of the same country. 
 Country is from It. contrada, 
 from the Lat. contra, a tract 
 lying opposite to the spectator. 
 
 Syn. Rustic. Clown. Boor. Agricul- 
 turist. Labourer. Peasant. Ferow-coun- 
 tryman. Fellow-subject. Fellow-citizen. 
 Subject, atizen. Inhabitant. Native. 
 
 Ant. Oppidan. Townsman. Cockney. 
 Foreigner. Alien. Stranger. 
 
 Couple, v. tr. Copulare, 
 copulus, a link. Used of fasten- 
 ing two things to each other. 
 
 Syn. Bracket. Link. Conjoin, Unite. 
 
 Splice. Buckle. Button. Chisp. Tie. 
 Brace. 
 
 Ant, Loose. Part. Isolate. Separate. 
 
 Detach. Divorce. Uncouple. Unclasp. 
 Untie. 
 
 Courage, n. Fr. cour, the 
 ^eart. 
 
 Syn, Bravery. Boldness. Valour. Gal- 
 antry. Fearlessness. Intrepidity. 
 
 Ant. Timidity. Cowardice. PuslUani- 
 uity. Poltroonery. Dastardliness. 
 
 Course, n. Cursus, from cur- 
 rere, to run. 
 
 Stn. Order, Sequence. Continuity, 
 Direction. Progress. Line. Way. Mode. 
 Plaa. Gondact. 
 
 Amt, Disorler. Discursion. Solutioa 
 Interruption. Deviation. Hindrance, Error. 
 Conjecture, Hazard. Speculation. Caprlca 
 
 Court, v. Fr. cour. A court. 
 To seek to gain, as it were, by 
 courtly address, 
 
 Syn. Woo. Seek, Affect. Flatter. Pur- 
 sue. 
 
 Ant. Repel. Abjure, Disaffect. Insult 
 Avoid. Shun. Repudiate. 
 
 Courtesy, n. See Court. 
 
 Si-N. Politeness. Urbanity. Civility 
 Affability. Graciousness. 
 
 Ant. Churlishness. Rudeness. Arro- 
 gance. Ungraciousness. Incivility. 
 
 Courtly, adj. See Court, 
 Having the manners of the 
 court, 
 
 Syn, Dignified, Polished. Refined, 
 Aristocratic. High-bred. Mannerly. 
 
 Ant. Undignified. Rough. Unpolished. 
 Coarse. Unrefined. Plebeian. Awkward. 
 Boorish. Rustia Unmannerly. 
 
 Courtship, n. See Court, 
 
 Covenant, w. Fr, convenance, 
 from convenire, to come together. 
 It is used of formal and ratified 
 agreements. 
 
 Syn. Agi-eement* Bond. Stipulation. 
 Compact. Contract. 
 
 Ant. Promise. Intimation. Assurance. 
 Parole. Understanding. 
 
 Cover, v. tr. Fr. couvrir. Lat. 
 cooperire, to cover. To be so 
 placed over a thing as to conceal 
 it, protect it, or be coexpansive 
 with it. 
 
 Syn. Hide. Conceal. Cloke. Screen. 
 Secrete. Protect. Meet. Secure. 
 
 Ant. Expose. Reveal. Betray. Ex- 
 hibit. Produce. Mis-suflBce. 
 
 Covert, adj. Coopertus. See 
 Cover. 
 Coverture, n. See Cover. 
 
 Syn. Marriage, Matrimony, Wedlock, 
 Ant. Celibacy. Virginity. 
 
 Covet, v. tr. Con and cupidus, 
 from cv,pere, to desire. Covetous- 
 ness and Concupiscence are the 
 same word, with difference ol 
 usage. Eagerly to desire, espe- 
 cially the possessions of others. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 107 
 
 Sr» Desire. Ixtng for. Yearn for. 
 Hanke.- after. 
 
 Ani, Despise. Dislike. Mislike. Un- 
 dervalue. 
 
 Covetous, adj. See Covet. 
 
 Syn. Acquisitive. Avaricious. Greedy, 
 Grasping. Rapacious. 
 
 Ant. Unselfish. Liberal. Self-sacri- 
 ficing. Profuse. Bountiful. Charitable. 
 
 CovBTousNESS, n. See Covet- 
 ous. 
 
 Cow, V. tr, Der. uncertam; 
 coun. either with Cover or 
 Coward. 
 
 Stn. Frighten. Abash. Intimidate. 
 
 Oppress. Browbeat. 
 
 Ant. Countenance. Rally. Encourage. 
 Inspirit. 
 
 Coward, n. Der. uncertain. 
 JjOW Lat. codardus. Said to be 
 from Cauda, a tail. One who 
 turns tail. 
 
 Syv. Craven. Dastard. Recreant, Pol- 
 troon. Renegade. 
 
 Akt. Champion. Hero. Daredevil. 
 Osperado. 
 
 Cower, v. int. Germ, kaucrn. 
 To stoop fl'om fear. 
 
 Stn. Shrink. Stoop. Crouch. 
 Ant. Rise. Stand. Dare. Pace. Con- 
 front. 
 
 Coxcomb, n. From a strip of 
 red cloth notched like a cock's^ 
 comb, which the old jesters wore* 
 on their heads. The coxcomb is 
 a man of folly, forwardness, and 
 affectation. 
 
 ' Stn. Fop. Dandy, Puppy, Prig. 
 Pedant. 
 
 Ant. Genius. Savant. Authority, 
 
 Celebrity, Philosopher, Sage, 
 
 Coxcombical, adj. See Cox- 
 comb. 
 
 Stn. Vain. Affected, Conceited, Dan- 
 dified, Pedantic, Priggish. 
 
 Ant. Unaffected. Unconceited Sensible. 
 
 Coy, adj. Lat. quietus. Quiet 
 or loving retirement. 
 
 Syn. Shy. Reserved. Bashful. Shrink- 
 Ing, Retreating, Modest, 
 
 Ant, Bold, Forward, Rompish. Hoy. 
 denifih. 
 
 CozBN, V. tr. To cheat, Der. 
 
 uncertain. Germ, liehkosen, to 
 wheedle; or to deceive under 
 pretence of cousinship or con- 
 sanguinity. 
 
 Stn, Circumvent. Wheedle. Coax. Se- 
 duce. Deceive. 
 
 Ant. Enlighten. Undeceive. Disabuse, 
 
 Crabbed, adj. From c]'ab, 
 sour. Of Northern origin, akin 
 to the Latin acerbus. 
 
 Syn. Sour. Morose. Churlish, Crusty, 
 Cioss-grained. 
 
 Ant, Pleasant, Open. Easy. Genial, 
 Conversible. Warm. ConliaL Hearty. 
 
 Crack, v. tr. and int. Germ. 
 krachen. 
 
 Syn, Split Break. Splinter. Chip 
 Snap. 
 
 Ant. Mend, Repair. Unite. Piece, 
 Splice, 
 
 Creaky, Cracked. See Crack. 
 Used metaphorically of the 
 brain. 
 
 Syn, Crazy, Flighty. Queer, Deranged. 
 Touched, Cranky, Chinky, 
 
 Ant, Sound. Sensible, Clear-headed. 
 Shrewd, Strong-minded. Sane, 
 
 Craft, n. Saxon. Originally 
 meant no more than skill, espe- 
 cially in handiwork; so handi- 
 craft. It has dropped into an 
 unfavourable meamng — natu- 
 rally, for man tends ever to the 
 misuse of knowledge, and of all 
 his gifts, 
 
 Syn, Art. Artifice. Cunning. Guile, 
 Stratagem, Manoeuvre, Wiliness. Trickery 
 Duplicity, Chicanery, Intrigue, Under- 
 handedness. Dodge, 
 
 Ant. Opeimess. Fairness. Candour. 
 Honesty, PYankness. Sincerity. Artless- 
 ness. Ingenuousness. Straightforwardness. 
 
 Crafty, adj. See Craft. 
 Cram, v. tr. Saxon. 
 
 Syn Stuff Choke. Squeeze. Ram. 
 Pack. Gorge. 
 
 Ant, Disgorge, Vent. Discharge. Un- 
 load, Unpack. Eviscerate, Empty. Elimi* 
 r.ate 
 
 Cramp, v. tr. Germ, krampf, 
 Fx. erampe. A clamp. 
 
 Syn. Bind, Narrow. Restrict CemlxM 
 Ctojp. Hamper. Fetter. Cripple. 
 
108 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Ant. Free, Mberatc. Loose, llelieve. 
 KKtricate. Eu large. Widen. Expaud. Eaae, 
 Unfetter. 
 
 Cranky, adj. Germ, hrank. 
 Sjiid of sailing-vessels liable to 
 upset. Metaphorically, in the 
 sense of Creaky, which see. 
 
 CuAPULENOE, 71. Lat. crapula. 
 The sickness which follows a 
 debauch. 
 
 SvN. Surfeit. Headache. Dissipation. 
 Debiiuchery. FiXcess. Muddincss. , 
 
 Ant. Temperance. Sobriety. Cleamess. 
 Freshness. 
 
 Crash, n. Gothic. Comp. 
 Crush. The sound of collision 
 as well as the collision itself. 
 Sharp and short, as distinguished 
 from prolonged sound, however 
 violent. 
 
 Stn. Jar. Clang. Clash. Resonance. 
 Ant. Muriuui. Whisper. Uabble. 
 Rumbling. Reverberation. J)in. 
 
 Crassitude, n. Crassus. 
 Tliickness of habit, suggestive of 
 thickness or density of mind. 
 
 SvN. Density. Thickness. Corpulcnte. 
 Olicsity. Kurlinoss. JJrawniness. Ani- 
 malism. Pinguitude. J^umplshness. Be- 
 sotledness. 
 
 Anc Tenuity. Spareness. Sligbtncss. 
 
 Agility. Activity. Spirituality, lutellec- 
 tuality. 
 
 Crave, v. tr. Sax. To iiitreat. 
 
 SvN. Intreat. Implore. Beg. Beseech. 
 Supplicate. Cry. 
 
 Ant. Demand. Insist. Require. Seize. 
 
 Craven, n: Probably one 
 who craves or cries o£f battle. 
 i-iee Coward. 
 
 Crazy, adj. Fr. ccrasser, to 
 crtish or crash. Hence, broken, 
 impaired in mind; peculiarly 
 applicable to those crazed by 
 age, misery, or disappointment. 
 
 Syn. Idiotic Broken-down. Lunatic. 
 Demented. Daft. Insane. Aberrant. 
 
 Ant. Sound. Robust. Vigorous. Un- 
 tpapaired. 
 
 Cream, n. Fr. creme. Lat. 
 ti'enwr, thick juict, Us^l, m^t^r 
 
 phorically, for the choice part of 
 a thing, or tho upper stratum of 
 a society. 
 
 Svs. Marrow Pith. Giat. Acme. 
 Ant. Refuse. Offal. Dregs. Dr^'Ks. 
 Garbage. 
 
 Crease, v. and n. Gem:. 
 kraiisen, to crisp, ^ee Corrugate. 
 
 Create, v. tr. Creare, m 
 create. 
 
 Si-N. form. Produce. Make. Fashion. 
 Oiiginaie. Educe. Invent. Imaging. 
 Cause. 
 
 Ant. Annihilate. Destroy. Demolish. 
 
 Creator, n. See Create. 
 
 Creature, n. See Create. Ori- 
 ginally any tiling created. Now 
 restricted to living beings. 
 
 SvN. Being. Animal. Brute. 
 Ant. Chimera. Ghost Bugbear. 
 
 Credence, n. Credere, to be 
 lieve or intrust. 
 
 Syn. Belief. Faith. Confidence. 
 Ant. Disbelief. Distrust. Denial. 
 
 Credential, n. See Credence. 
 A document empowering one to 
 hold an office of trust, or any 
 I)articular office. 
 
 Syn. Missive. Diploma. Title. Testa- 
 ment. Seal. Warrant. Ixtter. 
 
 Ant. SeU-license. Self-constitution. 
 Self-appointment. Autocracy. 
 
 Credible, adj. See Credence. 
 Worthy of credit. Said both of 
 persons and things. 
 
 Syn. Probable. Likely. Trustwortiiy. 
 Ant. Improbable. Incredible. Unlikely 
 Untrustworthy. 
 
 Credit, w. See Credence. )s, 
 trust or confidence shown to an- 
 other, on grounds of trustworthi- 
 ness ; hence reputation. 
 
 Syn. Belief. Trustworthiness. Reputa- 
 tion. Security. Honour. Praise. 
 
 Ant. Disbelief. Distrust. Untrust- 
 worthiness. Shame. Insecurity. Censure. 
 Disgrace. 
 
 Creditor, n. See above. He 
 who has advanced money or 
 goods on the credit of another. 
 
 Syn. Claimant. Lender. Mortgagee. 
 ^lXX, Debtor, porrower Mortgager. 
 
Synonyms and Anionyins. 
 
 ^m 
 
 CftEDtTLiTY, ??. See above. A 
 tendency to give credence too 
 
 easily. 
 
 Syn, Gullibility. SimpHcity. Accepta- 
 tiveness. Opftn-mouthedness. 
 
 Ant. Incredulity. Scepticism. Suspi- 
 ciousness. Shrewdness. 
 
 Creed, n. See above. A sys- 
 tem of articles of belief for a re- 
 ligious or jwlitical party. 
 
 Syn. Belief. Cateclilsui, Articles. Con- 
 fession. Subscription. 
 
 Ant. Trotest. Abjuration. Recantation. 
 Retractation. DislK-licsf. Non-subscription. 
 
 Crest, n. Lat. crisfa. 
 
 Syn. Top. Summit. Apex. Head. 
 Crown, 
 ;; Akt. Ba.se. Foot. Bottom. Sole. 
 
 I Crestfallen, ad/. See Crest. 
 
 i Svx. Castxiown. Ifumiliated. Abaslied. 
 
 Ant. Inspirited. Klated. Confident. 
 
 Crew, n. From an old word, 
 ^jm erne, from Lat. crcscere, to grow, 
 I which appears in the word Ac- 
 '- erne. The full complement of a 
 
 ship's company. Used also in a 
 
 flepreciatory way. 
 
 Syn. Complement. Company. Gang. 
 Herd. Set. Miscellany. Horde. Swarm. 
 
 Ant. Supercargo, iievy. Galaxy. Con- 
 Blellation. I'icking. Cream. Elite. 
 
 Crime, w. Lat. crimen. A 
 charge of offence. 
 
 Syn. Offence. MLsdeed. Misdemeanour. 
 Felony. Enormity . 
 
 Ant. (lood deed. Well-doing. Duty. 
 Obligation. Exploit, Achievement. 
 
 Criminal, adj. See Crime, ' 
 
 Syn. Illegal. Felonious. Vicious, hii- 
 quitous. Sinful, immoral. Guilty. Ne- 
 farious. Flagitious. 
 
 Ant. lawful. Virtuous. Right. Just. 
 Innocent. Moral. Meritorious. Creditable. 
 Honourable. Praisewortl)y. Laudable. 
 
 Criminality, n. See Criminal. 
 Criminate, v. tr. See above. 
 
 Syn. Charge. Implicate. Accuse. 
 Akt. Acquit. Extricate. Absolve. 
 
 Crimp, v. tr. Connected with 
 Crumple. See Corrugate. 
 Crimp, adj. 
 
 Syk. BrltUe. Friable. Crisp. 
 
 Ant. Tough. Stubborn, Vlscoiit .*8ty. 
 
 Crimple, v. tr. See Crttmple. 
 
 Cringe, -o. nent. Conn, with 
 Crank and Crinkle, to draw to- 
 gether. To draw one's self to- 
 gether into an attitude of sub- 
 missiveness. Used metaphori- 
 cally. 
 
 Syn. Crouch. Bend. Bow. Faw .. 
 (J rabble. (Jrub. 
 
 Ant. Face. Confront. Defy. Dare. 
 
 Crinkle, v. tr. See Crimple. 
 
 Cripple, v. and ??. Originally 
 a cripple was a creeple— onewho 
 crawled on hands and knees, not 
 having the use of his limbs. 
 Hence, metaphorically, to cripple 
 is to weaken or deprive of 
 strength or amplitude. 
 
 SfnT Weaken. Impair. Curtail. Cramp. 
 Ant. Strengthen. Renovate. Augment- 
 Liberate. Free. Ease. Enlarge. Expedite. 
 
 Crisis, n. Gr. Kpio-is, from 
 KpLuco, J determine. The point at 
 which a course of affairs seems 
 to halt, l)efore decision one way 
 or the other. See Conjuncture. 
 
 Crisp. T^at. crispns. Formed 
 into curls or ringlets. Said of 
 friable and corrugated sulv 
 stances. See Crimp, adj. 
 
 Criterion, n. See Crisis. 
 That, the use of which enables 
 one to form a judgment. 
 
 Syn. Test. Touchstone. Proof. 
 Ant. Eye. Glance, Intention. Con- 
 jecture. Scan. 
 
 Critic, n. See Crisis. A 
 judge, or presumed to be so, in 
 a department of hteratm-e or art. 
 
 Stn. Judge. Censor. Arbiter. Savant. 
 Ant. Author. Writer. Performer. 
 Artist. 
 
 Critical, adj. See Crisis. 
 Has the sense of exercising the 
 functions of a critic ; and also 
 betokening a crisis. 
 
 Stk, Nice, Exact. Fastidious, Dublow 
 Precarious. Tlckliflh, Crucial Import»nt 
 
110 
 
 Synonyms and Antony tM. 
 
 Am*. Inexact Popular. Loose. Easy. 
 fJudiEcrlminatin?. Safe. Determined. De- 
 cided. Settled. Retrieved. Redressed. 
 
 Criticise, v. tr. See above. 
 'J'o ej^mine as a critic. 
 
 oTB. Examine. Scan. Perpend. Analyze. 
 I>i»cus3. Anatomize. 
 
 Ant. Slur. Survey. Overlook. Skim. 
 
 Criticism, n. See Criticise. 
 
 Croak, v. int. A word formed 
 in imitation of the note of a 
 raven. Used metaphorically for 
 complaining. 
 
 Stn. Complain. Murmur. Grumble. 
 Ant. Crow. WhisUe. Sing, Chirp. 
 Chuckle. Cackle. Rejoice. 
 
 Crone, n. Sax. for an old 
 ewe. Used metaphorically and 
 disrespectfully. • 
 
 Stn. Hag. Witch. Beldame. 
 
 Ant. Lass. Damsel. Maiden. Belle. 
 
 Crony, n. The same word as 
 the former; but, in usage, the 
 elements of sex (though Crone 
 was sometimes masculine) and 
 age have been forgotten, and 
 that of intimacy alone remem- 
 bered. 
 
 Syn. Ally. Chum. Mate. 
 Ant. Foe. Rival. Back-friend. 
 
 Crooked, adj. Crook, croche. 
 Conn. Crochet, Crocket. Used 
 metaphorically of plans or policy. 
 
 Stn. Bent. Incurved. Angular. An- 
 fractuous. Tortuous. Underhanded. 
 
 Ant. Straight. Linear. Direct. Honest. 
 Straightforward. 
 
 Crop, v. tr. Sax. Crop was 
 the neck or upper part of any- 
 thing, as the crop or craw, the 
 throat or first stomach of a fowl. 
 Hence, to crop was to cut off the 
 head, or to cut short. 
 
 Syn. Mow. Reap. Reduce Shave. 
 Shorten. Curtail. 
 
 Amt. ifilongate. Grow. Foster. Raise. 
 Trail. Traia. 
 
 Crop, n. See vero. 
 Syn. Heaping. Harvest. In-gathering. 
 Ant. Produce. Yield. Abuudonce. 
 Growth. Fruit. 
 
 Cross, adj. From cross, ctut^ 
 cruets. Exhibiting a feeling of 
 being thwarted, or fancy of it, 
 
 Stn. Ill-tempered. Fretful. Ill-hu- 
 moured. Gusty. Peevish. Pettish. Frac 
 tious. 
 
 Ant. Amiable. Good-tempered. Good- 
 humoured. Blithesome. Genial. 
 
 Cross-grained, adj. As if 
 the disposition found adversity 
 and opposition in every circum- 
 stance and person. 
 
 Stn. Perverse. Wayward. Peevish. 
 Morose. Cantankerous. Ill-conditioned. 
 
 Ant. Genial. Pleasant Agreeable. 
 Jolly. Obliging. Accommodating. 
 
 Crouch, v. int. See Crooked. 
 To bend or couch from servility 
 or fear. See Cringe and Cower. 
 
 Crow, v. To make a noise like 
 a cock. Used metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Exult Rejoice. Cackle. Chucklft 
 Boast. 
 
 Ant. Whine. Howl, Grumble. Croak. 
 Cry. Whftnper. 
 
 Crowd, n. Saxon. 
 
 Syn. Throng. Mob. Swarm, Pack. 
 Herd. 
 
 Ant. Cream. Elite, Bevy. Galaxy. 
 Constellation. Cabinet 
 
 Crown, n. Corotia. Used 
 literally and metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Top. Crest Summit Head 
 Brow. Apex. 
 
 Ant. Basement. Base. Bottom. Floor 
 Pavement Pedestal. Foundation. Foot. 
 Sole. 
 
 Crown, v. See noun. 
 
 Stn. Complete. Consummate. SeaL 
 Conclude. 
 
 Ant. Man Spoil. Frustrate. 
 
 Crucial, adj. Crux, crucis. 
 Searching, as if bringing to the 
 test of the Cross. 
 
 Stk. Searching. Probing. Severe. Dis- 
 criminating. Sharp. Critical. Hercing. 
 
 Aht. Superficial. Indifferent Mild, 
 Uncritical. Lenient Lax 
 
 Crude, adj. Lat, crudus, ur>- 
 ripe. Said of idoafi and st/lo oi 
 composition. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 m 
 
 Rfa Kaw. Dndigested. Unconsidered. 
 Half-studirtJ. Harsh. Unshaped. Un- 
 cliastcned. Unfinished. Unrefined, Ill- 
 prepared. 
 
 AifT. Well-prepared. Well-digested. 
 Well-considered. Well-studied. Ripe. 
 Well-adapted. Well-proportioned. Well- 
 expressed. Classical. Finished. Refined. 
 Artistic. P^laborate. Highly-wrought. 
 
 Cruel, adj. Lat. crudelis. 
 It were well to abandon an un- 
 reflecting use of this word, as 
 simply equivalent to severe, as, 
 *a cruel disappointment,' and 
 adhere to the notion of violation 
 of principles of mercy and hu- 
 manity. 
 
 Syn. Savage. Barbarous. Inhuman. 
 Maleficent. Malignant. 
 
 Ant. Humane. Forbearing. Generous. 
 Merciful. Forgiving. Benevolent. Bene- 
 ficent. 
 
 Crumble, v. ad. and rtetd. To 
 bruise or fall into crumbs or 
 particles. Sax. crumb, written 
 also Crum. 
 
 Syn. Disintegrate. Pulverize. Triturate. 
 Ant. Consolidate. Conglutinate. Bond. 
 Amalgamater 
 
 Crumple, v. tr. See Crumple, 
 Crinkle, and Corrugate. 
 
 Crush, v. tr. In etymology 
 connected with Crash and Craze. 
 
 Syn. Pulverize. Triturate. Pound. 
 Bray. Crumble. Overpower. Demolish. 
 
 Ant. Consolidate. Compact. Cake. 
 Solidify. Compress. Amalgamate. Up- 
 raise. Stabilitate. Aggrandize. 
 
 Crusty, adj. Lat. crusia, a 
 cmmh or paste. Having a some- 
 what rough and impracticable 
 exterior, without badness at 
 heart. See Cross. 
 
 Cudgel, v. tr. Comp, Scotch 
 cud, a short thick stick. To beat. 
 Used metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Pound. Bruise. Buffet. Batter. 
 Ant. Stroke. Pat. Clap. Tickle. 
 
 Cue, u. Fr. queue, a tail. The 
 knot of a periwig. Used of old | 
 for the last word of an actor's 
 
 speech, which was the signal for 
 the next speaker ; hence, to take 
 the cue from a person. 
 
 Stn. Sign. Hint. Wink. Catch- word. 
 Signal. Prompting. Suggestion. Insinua- 
 tion. Implication. 
 
 Ant. Response. Recognition. Repeti- 
 tion. Part. Echo. 
 
 Cuff, v. tr. Of Northern 
 origin. To strike with the palm 
 of the hand, as distinguished 
 from the use of any implement 
 beside the hand. 
 
 Stn. Slap. Box. Smack. Punch, 
 Pommel. Hustle. Buffet. 
 
 Ant. Cudgel. Flagellate. Thrash. Cane, 
 strap. Lash. Whip. 
 
 Cull, v. tr. ColUgere. To 
 collect. Comp. Fr. cuiller, a 
 
 spoon. 
 
 Syn. Bunch. Gather. Pick. Collect. 
 
 Ant, Scatter, Drop. Throw. Dissemi- 
 nate. 
 
 Culmination, n. The grow- 
 ing to a head. Gulmev, inis, a 
 top. The reaching of the final 
 point of perfection. 
 
 Syn, Consummation. Zenith. Acme. 
 Meridian. Apex, Success. Completion. 
 
 Ant. Fall. Descent. Decline. Failure. 
 Downfall. Degradation. Defeat. Abortion. 
 
 Culpability, n. See Cul- 
 pable. 
 
 Culpable, adj. Culpa, a 
 faidt. 
 
 Syn. Blameable. Blameworthy. Guilty. 
 
 Ant. Blameless. Innocent. Excusable. 
 Laudable. Praiseworthy. 
 
 Culprit, n. See Culpable. 
 
 Stn. Offender. Criminal. Delinquent. 
 Malefactor. 
 
 Ant. Example. Pattern. Model. Hero 
 
 Saint. 
 
 Cultivatb, V. tr. Colere, cultus, 
 to cultivate. Applied physically, 
 and also metaphorically, to the 
 fostering of the gi'owth of quali- 
 ties. 
 
 Stn. Promote. Foster. Study. Im 
 prove. Fertilize. Nourish. Cherish. 
 
 Ant. Neglect. Desert. Abandon. Stifle 
 Prevent. Discourage. Abolish. Bli>i;ht 
 Blast. Paralyze. Eradicate Extirj^tAtA 
 Uproot. 
 
112 
 
 SynofJjms and Antonyms. 
 
 GUMBClt, V. tr. ' Lat. ctimuhin. 
 To oppress, as \ni\\ tlio weight 
 of a lieavy heap. 
 
 Stn. Clog. lr.M«^^e. Oppress. Load. 
 InconiniCKle. Obsuart. 
 
 Ant. l..iberate. Expedite. Alleviate. 
 Extricate. Lighten. Relieve. Suppoit. 
 Free. Rid. 
 
 Cunning, w. Sax. Originally 
 moaning no more than know- 
 ledge. Comp. Ken. For its 
 nsage see Craft. 
 
 Cupidity, ik Cfuiiidua, from 
 rupere, to desire. 
 
 SvH. Avarice. Acquisitiveness. Stingi- 
 nesfl. 
 
 Ant. Proiligality. Extravagance. Libc- 
 ralitj. 
 
 Curb, v. tr. Cnrwif^. Incnrved. 
 Said of reining horses. Comp. 
 Curvet. 
 
 Stn. PiCytrAin. Cohibit. Hold. Check. 
 M(Klcrat<». 
 
 Ant. ■Jmlulge. Liberate. Release. 
 Emancipate. !,(H»se. Urge. Free. Incite, 
 In.Higate. lmi>el. 
 
 Curdle, v. tr. and iM. Curd. 
 (Jaelic. 
 
 Syn. Co.agnlate. Condense. Thicken. 
 Ant. Collir|iiiiy. Diffuse. Circulate. 
 
 Cure, n. Cura, care. The 
 successful issue of careful treat- 
 ment, with some degree of suc- 
 cess, or with complete success. 
 
 Syn. Remedy. Alleviation. Ameliora- 
 tion. Reinstatement. Restoration. Reno- 
 vation. Convalescence. 
 
 Ant. Aggravation. Confinnation. Com- 
 plaint. Disease. Ailment. Inoculation. 
 Contagion. Corruption. 
 
 Curb, v. See noun. 
 
 Curiosity, n. Curiosm. See 
 Cure. Having a care, often an 
 undue care, to make inquiries. 
 Also used for a thing of a curi- 
 ous or rare kind. 
 
 .Sr». Inquisitiveness, Interest. Inter> 
 rogativeness. Rarity, Phenomeuon. Cele. 
 britv. Oddity. IJon. 
 
 AST. Indifference, Heedlessaess. Dl*. 
 regard. Abitraction. Absencn. We*fd 
 >ug. out Cipher. Bi^$aleUe, SoDg. 
 
 Curious, adj. See Curiosity. 
 Used in the sense of possessing 
 curiosity, and also rare, or 
 worthy of curiosity. 
 
 Stn. Inquiritg. Inquisitive. Searching. 
 Interrogative. Prying. Peeping, i'eering. 
 Rare. Odd. Recondite. 
 
 AxT. Indifferent. Uninquiring. In- 
 curious. Uninterested. Trite. Common 
 Superficial. 
 
 Curmudgeon, n. Comr, mer- 
 chant, or corn-mudgin. Ill-con- 
 ditioned-fellow. Churl. 
 
 Syn. Miscreant. Wretch. Rascal. 
 Ant. 'iVump. Cood fellow. Brick. 
 
 Currency, n. See Current. 
 Used tochiiically for money, 
 and genei-ally for the prevalence 
 of a matter of estimation or 
 credence. 
 
 Syn. Circulation. Vogue. Publicity, 
 Prevalence. 
 
 Akf. Stjpprossion. Repression. Recall. 
 Stagnation. J{ejection, Dislielief. With- 
 drawal. 
 
 CupRENT, adj. Currere, to run. 
 See Currency. 
 
 Syn. Riuming. Prevalent. Oi-dinary 
 
 Present. Popular. General. Kloaflng 
 Exoteric. Vulgar. 
 
 Akt. Rejected. Obsolete. Esplodftl. 
 
 Confined. Private. Secret Ksot«rlc. 
 
 Curse, n. Conn, with Cross. 
 That which, being evil, comes 
 under the ban of the Cross. Used 
 for malediction, literally and me- 
 taphorically, for that which is 
 bad enough to have been the 
 result of curse. 
 
 Syn. Malediction. P^xtrlcation. Ana- 
 thema. Bane. Blight. 
 
 Ant. Blessing. Benediction. Joy. 
 Crown. Glory 
 
 Curse, v. tr. See noun. 
 
 Stn. Execrate. Anathematize. 
 Ant. Bless. Felicitate. Welcoraa 
 
 Cursory, adj. Currere, curmSf 
 to run. Running or skimming 
 over the surface, rather than 
 stopping to investigate. Used 
 ftlso oi works or procqcdii gu j& 
 
Synonyms and Antonyim. 
 
 113 
 
 which this quality has been 
 5iiown. 
 
 8t». Summary. Rapid. SuperflciaL 
 Ant. Searching. Minute. Elaborate. 
 Profound. 
 
 • Curtail, v. tr. Fr. court, short, 
 and tailler, to cut. To shorten, 
 by lopping one or other of the 
 extremities. See Abbreviate. 
 
 Curve, v. tr. Curvus. In- 
 curved. 
 
 Stn. Incurve. Bend. Inflex. Falcate. 
 Arcuate. 
 
 Ant. Straighten. Unbend. Rectilineate. 
 
 Curve, n. See verb. 
 Syn. Incurvation. Flexion. Deflexion. 
 Ant. Rigidity. Inelasticity. Inflexi- 
 bility. Roctilinearity. 
 
 Custody, n. Lat. cmtotUa. 
 
 Stn. Keeping. Guardianship. Conser- 
 vation. Care. 
 
 Ant. Neglect. Betrayal. Expoc;ure. 
 Abandonment. Desertion. Jeopardy. Libe- 
 ration. Discharge. 
 
 Custom, «. Lat. consuetudo. 
 Way of living. 
 
 Stn. Maimer. Habit. Use. Prescrip- 
 tion. 
 
 Ant. Jiaw. Regulation. Dictate. Com- 
 mand. Rule. Disuse. Non-observance. 
 Desuetude. 
 
 Cut, v. tr. Old Eng. Int. To 
 divide with a sharp instrument. 
 Used also of cutting, that is, 
 avoiding, an acquaintance. 
 
 Stn. Sever. Slice. Sunder. Avoid. 
 Klude. 
 
 Ant. Unite. Splice. Accost. Approach. 
 Court. Address. Salute. 
 
 Cutting, ad/. See Cut. Used 
 also metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Sharp. Biting. Mordant. Trenchant. 
 Piercing. Bitter. Sarcastic. Provoking. 
 Stinging. Sardonic. Exasperating. Dis- 
 appointing. Cruel. 
 
 Akt. Mild. Conciliatory. Compli,- 
 nientary. Soothing. Flattering. Indulgent. 
 Consoling. Gratifying. 
 
 Cynical. From the sect of 
 Cynical philosophers, who de- 
 rided human follies and vices. 
 
 Stn. Sarcastic. Snarling. Sneering. 
 Cross-grained. 
 
 Ant. Uenial, Lenient. Complaisant 
 
 D. 
 
 Dabble. Dab. Conn, with 
 Daub. 
 
 Stk. Meddle, Mix. Trifle. SWm. 
 Ant. Study. Elaborate. luves^igata 
 Delve. Dig. Fathom. Gauge. 
 
 Daft. Norwegian. 
 
 Stn. Silly. Innocent. Idiotic. Lunatic 
 Light-headed. Craclced. 
 
 Ant. Sane. Sound. Sensible. Practical. 
 Rational. Shrewd. Deft. 
 
 Dainty. Old Fr. dain. Pro- 
 bably from digtms, ivorthy, choice. 
 Used also of the quality which 
 seeks for such tilings. Fasti- 
 dious. 
 
 Stn. Choice. Rare. Refined. Tasty. 
 Exquisite. Luxurious. Epicurean. Fas- 
 tidious. 
 
 Ant. Common. Coarse. Unreli^hing. 
 Nasty. Dirty. Omnivorous. Greedy. 
 Gluttonous. 
 
 Dally, v. int. Germ, dahlen. 
 
 Stn. Trifle. Play. Wanton, Sport. 
 Fondle. Delay. Dawdle. 
 
 Amt. Toil. Labour. Work. Study 
 Fag. Stir. Bustle. Hasten. 
 
 Damage, n. Fr. domaye, Lat. 
 damnum-. Any injury to person, 
 property, or reputation. 
 
 Stn. Injury. Hurt. Loss. Detriment. 
 Impairment. 
 
 Ant. Compensation, Recovei-y, Rein- 
 statement Advantage. Benefit Repara- 
 tion. Blessing. 
 
 Damp, v. Germ, damjf, steam. 
 Used metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Cool, Blunt Discourage. Dis- 
 countenance. Repress. 
 
 ANT, Urge. Inflame. Incite. Fan 
 Excite, 
 
 Danger, n. Fr. danger. Pro- 
 bably from damnum. The near 
 probability of personal detri- 
 ment. 
 
 Stn. Peril. Hazard. Risk. Jeopardy. 
 Ant. Security. Custody. Defence, 
 Safety. Premimition. Precaution. 
 
 Dapper, adj. Germ, tap/cr, 
 valiant. The word has deterio- 
 rated in meaning, like some 
 others. For instance, one sense 
 of the word brave is valiant; 
 
114 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 another into which at one time ' 
 it settled largely was, showy. 
 
 8th. Spruce. Neat Natty. Smart. 
 Aht. Slovraily. Awkward. Unwieldy. 
 Untidy 
 
 Dabe, V. tr. and int. Sax. 
 Allied to Gr. Bappslv, to he strong. 
 
 Srji. Venture. Face. Brave. Hazard. 
 Risk. Defy. 
 
 Ant. Shrink. Shun. Dread. Cower. 
 
 Daring. See Dare. 
 
 Stn. Adventurous. Dashing. Bold. 
 Ant. Cautious, Timid. Inadventurous. 
 
 Dark, adj. Saxon. Applies 
 to physical substances or condi- 
 tions, matters of statement, hu- 
 man character, and human con- 
 dition. 
 
 Syn. Black. Dusky. Sable. Swarthy, 
 Opaque. Obscure. Enigmatical. Recondite. 
 Abstruse, Unintelligible. Blind. Ignorant. 
 Besotted. Benighted, Dim. Shadowy. 
 Sombre, Joyless, Mournful. Sorrowful, 
 
 Ant. White. Fair. Light. Radiant, 
 Bright. Lucid. Crystalline. Transparent. 
 Brilliant. Plain. Intelligible. Enlightened. 
 Glaring. Dazzling. Illumined, Festive, 
 Luminous. 
 
 Darling, n. Dearling. Little 
 dear one. 
 
 Syn, Pet, Love, Sweet. Pretty, Dear. 
 Favourite. Delight, 
 
 Ant, Antipathy, Abomination, Horror, 
 
 Dart, v. tr. Low Lat. dardus. 
 In Swed. dart means dagger. To 
 Aurl or shoot forward with vio- 
 lence or velocity. 
 
 Syn. HurL Propel, Throw. Fling. 
 Project. 
 
 Ant. Fix. Place. Insert Hand. Pre- 
 sent, 
 
 Dash, v. tr. and int. Northern 
 word. To strike into pieces. To 
 throw off. It differs from Dart, 
 not only in implying injury to 
 the component parts of the thing 
 dashed, but also in an implied 
 tendency more or less down- 
 wards, as if the object were that 
 gravitation and concussion should 
 aid the process. So we naturally 
 dash downwards and horizon- 
 
 tally, but never upwards. It ia 
 used in common parlance far 
 rapid movement. 
 
 Syn. Hurl, Cast Throw. Subvert. 
 Detrude. Drive. Rush. Send. Fly. ^leed. 
 Course, . 
 
 Ant. Raise. Reinstate, Erect. Creep, 
 CrawL Lag, Hobble. 
 
 Dashing, adj. See Dash. 
 
 Syn. Adventurous. Showy. Brave. 
 Ant. Shrinking. Dowdy. Timid. 
 
 Dastard, n. Sax. dastrigan, 
 to frighten. See Coward. 
 
 Data, n. pi. Dare, to give ; 
 datum, a tiling given. Certain 
 granted points, the ground of 
 after-reasoniQg. 
 
 Syn. Facts. Grounds, Basis. Axioms. 
 Postulates, 
 
 Ant. Coryecture. Assumption. Problem, 
 Proposition, Inference, Deduction, 
 
 Daub. See Bedaub. 
 
 Daunt, v. tr. Old Fr. damter, 
 Lat. domitare, to tame. Subdue 
 with fear. 
 
 Syn. Terrify. Scare. Intimidate. Con- 
 front 
 
 Ant. Countenance Encourage. Rally 
 Inspirit 
 
 Dauntless, adj. See Daunt. 
 
 Syn. Valiant Gallant Fearless. In- 
 trepid. 
 
 Ant. Cautious. Cowardly, Timid. 
 
 Dawdle, v. int. Allied to 
 Daddle and Dandle. 
 
 Syn. Lag, Dally, Idle. 
 Ant, Haste, Speed. Dash, Rush. 
 Work. Fag. 
 
 Dawn, v. int. Germ, tag, Eng. 
 day, Lat. dies. To become day. 
 To grow light. Used metaphori- 
 cally of an accession of under- 
 standing or perception. 
 
 Syn, Gleam, Begin. Rise, Open. 
 Break. 
 
 Ant. Wane. Set, Sink. Close. De-, 
 part 
 
 Dazzle, v. tr. Conn. Scotch 
 daze. To bewilder with excess 
 of light. 
 
 Syn. Daze. Bewilder. Confiwe. 
 Ant, Enlighten. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 115 
 
 D«AD. A form of the part. 
 died. Used not only of animals 
 or plants defunct, but also meta- 
 phorically of anything that may 
 be supposed to have the attribute 
 of lifelessness. 
 
 Syn. Defunct, Deceased. Departed. 
 Gone. Inanimate. Lifeless. Insensible. 
 Heavy. Unconscious. Dull. Spiritless. 
 Cheerless. Deserted. 
 
 Ant. Vital. Living. Animate. Vlva^ 
 cious. Susceptible. Alive. Joyous. Stirring. 
 Thronged. Bustling. 
 
 Deaden, v. tr. See Dead. 
 
 Syn. Benumb. Paralyze. Blunt. Damp. 
 Subdue. 
 
 Ant. Sharpen. Quicken. Enliven, 
 
 Deadly, adj. See Dead. Said 
 of qualities as well as substances. 
 
 Syn. Mortal. Fatal. Malignant. Baleful, 
 rernicious. Noxious. Venomous. 
 
 Ant. Vital. Life-giving. Healthful. 
 Wholesome. Nutritious. 
 
 Dbadnbss, n. See Dead. 
 
 Syn. Torpor. Flatness. Inertness. 
 Heaviness. 
 
 Ant. Quickness. Vitality. Life, Viva- 
 city, 
 
 Deaf, adj. Sax. Physically 
 wanting the sense of hearing, or 
 having it impaired. Metaphori- 
 cally, averse, that is, not inclined, 
 to hear. Sometimes, also, ap> 
 plied to express a certain cha- 
 racter of sound. 
 
 Syn. Surd. Hard of (hearhig). Dis- 
 inclined. Averse. Inexorable. Insensible. 
 Rumbling. Inaudible. Heedless. Dead. 
 
 Ant. Acute. Listening. Disposed. In- 
 terested. Attentive. Willing. Susceptible. 
 Sensible, Alive. 
 
 Deal, v. tr. and. mt. Sax. 
 
 Syn. Bargam. Chaffer. Trade. Dis- 
 pense. Market, Communicate. Negotiate. 
 Traffic. 
 
 Ant. Hold. Close. Stop. Fail. 
 
 Dealing. See Deal. 
 
 Syn. Intercourse. Communication. 
 Trade. Traffic, Negotiation. 
 
 Ant, Lack. Failure. Closing. Bank- 
 ruptcy, Stagnation. Withdrawal. Non- 
 communication. 
 
 Dear. Saxon. 
 
 Stn. Costly, Expensive. Beloved. Pre- 
 cious, 
 
 Ant. Cheap, Inexpensive. Mlsllked. 
 Vile, 
 
 Dearth, n. Same origin as 
 Dear. See Abundance. 
 
 Death, n. Sax. From Die. 
 Used metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Departure. Demise. Decease. Dis- 
 solution. Mortality. Fall, Failure, Ter- 
 mination, Cessation, Expiration, 
 
 Ant. Birth, Rise. Life. Growth. 
 Vigour. Animation. Spirit. Activity. 
 Operation. Action. Commencement. Vi- 
 tality. Auspices. Inauguration. 
 
 Deathless, adj. See Death. 
 
 Stn. Undying. Immortal. Unfading. 
 Everlasting. 
 
 Ant. MortaL Ephemeral. Fragile, 
 Fugitive. Momentary. Transient. Fleet- 
 ing. 
 
 Debar, v, tr. Welsh bar, a 
 stake or branch of a tree. 
 
 Stn. Exclude. Stop. Thwart. Obstruct. 
 Hinder. Prevent. Deprive. Disqualify. 
 Dctiy. Piohibit. 
 
 Ant. Inclose. Embrace. Admit. Per- 
 mit. Aid. Allow, Indulge. Qualify 
 Entitle. 
 
 Debase, v. tr. See Abase. To 
 lower the intrinsic goodness or 
 value of a thing or person. 
 
 Stn. Degrade. Lower. Depress. De- 
 prave. Deteriorate. Corrupt. Alloy. 
 
 Ant. Raise. Enhance. Exalt. Honour. 
 Promote. Ameliorate. Purity. Improve. 
 
 Debased, adj. See Debase. 
 
 Debate, v. Fr. battre. Conn. 
 Beat and Abate. To combat; 
 but by usage restricted to de- 
 liberation, and used transitively, 
 as, to debate a point ; or intran- 
 sitively, 
 
 Stn. Contend. Dispute. Argue. Dis- 
 cuss. Deliberate. Question. Ventilate. 
 
 Ant. Yield. Concede. Sunender. Ad- 
 mit. Allow. 
 
 Debateablb, ad.f. See Debate. 
 
 Stn. Dubious. Doubtful. Inestimable, 
 Uncertain. Problematical. Floating. Un- 
 settled. 
 
 Ant. Certain, Sure. Unquestionable. 
 Indisputable, Self-evident, Incontestible. 
 
 Debauch, Debauchery, v. 
 
 Old Fr. bauche, a workshop. ^i!o 
 debauch was, therefore, orh^i' 
 I 2 
 
116 
 
 Synonytm and Aniomjms, 
 
 naily to seduce from work into 
 idleness. An idle, dissolute en- 
 joyment. 
 
 Stk, Iliot. Revel. Excess. Orgies. 
 Gluttony. 
 
 Ant. Meal. Moderation. Frugality. 
 Asceticism. Abstinence. Fast Macera- 
 tion. 
 
 Debauch, v. tr. See noun. To 
 lead another into debauchery. 
 
 Syn. Seduce. CorrajVt. 
 Ant. Turify. Enlighten. Ameliorate. 
 Elevate. 
 
 Debility, n. Lat. debllis, 
 tveak. 
 
 Syn. "Weakness. Feebleness. Enerva- 
 tion. Lassitude. Languor. 
 
 Ant. Strength. Vigour, Robustness. 
 Energy. Tone. Nerve. Mnsularily. 
 
 Debt, n. Dehere^ to owe ; de- 
 httam, a thing owed. 
 
 Syn. Debit. LiabiUty. Default. Obli- 
 gation. 
 
 Ant. Liquidation. Assets. Credit 
 Trust Grace. Favour. Obligation. Ac- 
 commodation, Gift. Gratuity. 
 
 Dbbtob, n. See Creditor and 
 Debt, 
 
 Decadence^ n. See Decay. 
 
 Decamp, v. int. Camp. From 
 aampus, a field. To break up a 
 (!amp. Hence said also of indi- 
 viduals. To make a hasty re- 
 treat, especially for the purpose 
 of getting out of sight. 
 
 Stn. start Fly. Bolt Abscond. 
 Ant. Appear. Answer, Show. 
 
 Decay, v. int. De and coder e, 
 to/all. 
 
 Syn, Decline. Wane. Sink, Dwindl& 
 Waste. Ebb. Decrease. 
 
 Ant. Rise. Grow. Increase. Flourish. 
 Luxuriate. V^etate. Expand. Enlarge. 
 
 Decay, n. See ve7'b. 
 
 Stn. Declension. Waning. Sinking. 
 Wasting. Decrease. Corruption. 
 
 Ant. Rise. Growth. Birth. Increase. 
 Fertility, ExuberaLce. Luxuriance. Pros- 
 perity. 
 
 Decayed, adf. See Decay. 
 Fallen as to physical or social 
 conditiau^ 
 
 Stk. Rotten. Corrept. Ur.8ound. !)•• 
 composed. Declined. Faded. Sun«. Un- 
 prosperous. Impoverished. 
 
 Ant. Sound. WTiolesomc. Healthful 
 Fresh. Prosperous. Flourishing. Wealthy. 
 
 Decease, n. Lat. decessus, de- 
 cedere, to depart. See Death. 
 
 Deceit, n. Lat. dedpere, de- 
 ceptus. Used of the character, 
 the process, and the result of 
 deceit. 
 
 Syn. Cheat. Imposition. Trick. De- 
 lusion. Circumvention. Guile. Beguile- 
 mont. Treachery. Sham. Insidiousness. 
 
 Ant. ICnlightenment Instruction. Guid- 
 ance. Reality. Verity, Fair dealing. 
 Honesty, Openness, 
 
 Deceive, v. tr. See Deceit. 
 
 Stn. Trick. Cheat Beguile. Delude. 
 Mislead. Betray. Ensnare, Entrap. Cir- 
 cumvent 
 
 Ant. Enlighten. Advise. Illumine. 
 Guide. Disabuse. Undeceive. Deliver. 
 
 Deceiver, n. See Deceive. 
 
 Decent, adj. Decere, to he- 
 come. See Becoming. 
 
 Deception, n. See Deceit. 
 
 Decide, v. tr. and int. Dtci- 
 dere. Ccedere, to cut. To cut ofll 
 Separate the issue of a case. 
 
 Syn. Detei-mine. Settle. Adjudicate. 
 Terminate. Resolve. 
 
 Ant. Waver. Raise. Moot ' Drop. 
 Doubt Waive. Suspend. Misjudge. Mis- 
 determine. 
 
 Decided, adj. See Decide. 
 
 Syn, Determined. Ruled. Resolute. 
 Firm. Unwavering. 
 
 Ant. Undecided. Unsettled. Irresolute. 
 Vacillating. 
 
 Deciduous. Decidere, to fall. 
 Properly said of trees which shed 
 their leaves simultaneously and 
 renew them immediately; but 
 by usage sometimes meaning 
 Ephemeral, which see. 
 
 Decipher, v. tr. See Cipher. 
 Said of letters or symbols of any 
 kind. 
 
 Syn. Read. Spell. Inttrpnit Solve. 
 
 Cipher. Symbolize. ImpuKtie 
 
 Amt. 
 Mystify. 
 
 Enigmatize. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 117 
 
 Decision, n. See Decide. 
 
 SvN. Deternii nation. Conclusion, Re- 
 ■olutlon. Firmness. 
 
 Ant, Irresoliueness. Vagueness. In- 
 decision. Uncertainty. Unsettlement. 
 
 Deck, v. tr. Lat. tegere, to 
 cover. With ornament to em- 
 bellish. See Adorn, 
 
 Declaim, v. Dedamare. To 
 hold forth, 
 
 Syn. Harangue. Recite, Apostrophize. 
 Speak. Debate. 
 
 Ant. Read. Study. Compose. Elabo- 
 rate. 
 
 Declamation, n. See Decla- 
 matory. 
 
 SvN. Oratory. Elocution. Harangue. 
 KflTiision. Debate. 
 
 Ant. Stammering. Titubancy. Hesi- 
 tation. Tardiloquence. 
 
 Declamatory, adj. Having 
 the faults incidental to declama- : 
 tion. I 
 
 Stn. lioud. Noisy. Incoherent, Dls- | 
 eur«;ive. Ltjose. Inconsecutive. | 
 
 Ant. Close. Connected. Logical. Studied. 1 
 Exact, (jniet. Con.secutive, I 
 
 Declaration, n. Dedarare, i 
 darus, dear. A clejlr statement i 
 or announcement. i 
 
 Stn. Avowal. Exhibition. Manifesta- 
 tion. Statement. Profession. 
 
 Akt. Denial. Concealment. Suppres- 
 sion. 
 
 Declare, v. tr. See Declara- 
 tion. 
 
 Declension, ti. Dedware. 
 Gr. k\Iv€iv, to dope. I 
 
 Stn. Decay. Decadence. Degeneration. 
 Delerioration. Fall. 
 
 Ant. Rise. Improvement. Advance- 
 ment. Culmination. 
 
 Decline, v. act. and nent. See 
 Declension and Accej^t. 
 
 Declivity, n. De and divm, 
 a slope ; dedivis, steep. 
 
 Stn. Descent Fall. Slope. Incline. 
 Devexiiy, 
 
 Ant. Ascent. Rise. Verticality. 
 
 Decoction, n. De and coquere, 
 to cook. Food usually of a liquid 
 kind prepared by heat. 
 
 Stn. Concoction. D.ah. CcirponiMV 
 Plate. Platter. Mess. Fjctract, 
 
 Aft. Crudity. Infusion. RawriosH. 
 Greenness. Maceration. 
 
 Decompose, v. tr. De and 
 componere. To resolve into its 
 elements organized or com- 
 pounded matter. 
 
 Stn, Analyze. Segregate, Individualize. 
 Resolve. Dissolve. 
 
 Ant. Compound. Concoct. Mix. Or- 
 ganize, Conijwse, 
 
 Decomposition, m. See De- 
 compose, 
 
 Decorate, v. tr. Decus, an 
 ornament. See Adorn. 
 
 Decorum, n. Lat. 
 
 Syn. Seemliness. Propriety. Dignity. 
 Order. 
 
 Ant. Unseemliness. Impropriety. Dis- 
 turbance, Disorder. 
 
 Decoy, v. tr. See Coy. Quietly 
 to entice into a snare. 
 
 Syn. Allure. Entice. I'iisnare. Kntrap. 
 Seduce. Mislead, Inveigle. 
 
 Ant. Guide. Instruct. Warn. Conduct. 
 Disabuse. Extricate. 
 
 Decrease, v. act. and vevt. 
 De and cresccre, to grow. Said 
 of size, numlx^rs, and degree. 
 
 Stn. Diminish. Lessen. A\'ane. De- 
 cline. Retrench. Curtail. Reduce. 
 
 Ant. Increase. Grow. Amplify. Ex- 
 pand. Augment. Extend. Enlarge. 
 
 Decrease, n. See verb. 
 
 Decree, n. Lat. decretum, 
 drcernere, to decide. 
 
 Sts. Decision. Determination. Man- 
 date. Law. Edict. Manifesto. Rule. 
 Verdict. 
 
 Ant. Cue. Hint Suggestion. Intima- 
 tion, Request. 
 
 Decrement, n. Decrescere^ 
 See Augmentation. 
 
 Decrepit, adj. De and crepare, 
 to make a noise. Having dropped 
 into the infirm noiselessness of 
 age, or a kind of creaking infir- 
 mity, as of worn machinery. 
 
 Sth. Infirm. AVeak. Crippled. Tott«r. 
 lug. Aged. 
 
 Ajbt. Strong. Robast Agile. Youthful 
 Active. 
 
118 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Dborepitude, n. See De- 
 crepit. 
 Decry, v. tr. To cry down. 
 
 Syn. Depreciate. Traduce. Vituperate. 
 Disparage. Defame. Vilify. Censure. 
 Abase. Denounce. 
 
 Ant. ExtoL Laud. Praise. Eulogize. 
 Panegyrize. 
 
 Dedicate, v. tr. Dedicare. 
 To place a thing or person under 
 tlie auspices or service of an- 
 other; also to apply to a pur- 
 pose. 
 
 SvN. Devote. Consecrate. Offer. Set. 
 Apportion. Assign. Apply. Separate. 
 
 Ant, Alienate. Misapply. Desecrate. 
 Misappropriate. Misconvert. Misuse. 
 
 Deduce, v. tr. Deducere. To 
 draw from another thing, espe- 
 cially in the way of inference. 
 
 Stn. Draw. Infer, Conclude. Gather. 
 
 Ant. State. Premise, Hazard. Con- 
 'ecture. Guess. Induce. Anticipate. Fore- 
 see. Predict. Induct. 
 
 Deducible, adj. See Deduce. 
 
 Deduct, v. tr. Be and ducere, 
 to take or draw. To remove a 
 portion from a whole. 
 
 Syn. Subtract Bate. Remove, 
 Ant. Add. Annex. Subjoin. 
 
 Deed, n. From Do. A thing 
 done, or a record of it. See Act. 
 
 Stn. Act. Auction. Commission. 
 Achievement. Perpetration. Instrument. 
 Document. Muniment. 
 
 Ant. Omission. Failure. Abortion. False- 
 Avitness. Innocence. Cancelling. Wsproof. 
 Invalidation. Retractation. Impossibility. 
 Non-performance. Recall. Reversion. Un- 
 doing. 
 
 Deem, v. tr. Saxon deman, to 
 estimate. To pass an act of judg- 
 jnent. Conn, with doom, sen- 
 tence, or judgment. 
 
 Stn. Judge. Estimate. Consider. Think. 
 Suppose, Conceive. 
 
 Ant. Mi^udge. - Misestimattf. Miscon- 
 Bider. 
 
 DxEP, adj. Saxon and Gothic. 
 Connected with Dip, a hollow, 
 and the verh to immerse. Used 
 physically and metaphorically of 
 
 character, design, or mode of 
 thought. 
 
 Stn. Profound. Subterranean. Sub- 
 merged. Designing. Abstruse. Recondite. 
 Learned. 
 
 Aut. Shallow. Superficial. Artless. 
 Undeslg-iing. Familiar. Commonplace. 
 
 Da«pLY, adv. See Deep, 
 Deface, v. tr. Face, fades. 
 To spoil the face or external ap- 
 pearance. 
 
 Stn. Mar. Spoil. Injure. Disfigure. 
 Ant. Decorate. Adorn, Embellish. 
 
 Defalcation, n. De and/c/Zu:, 
 a sickle. A pruning or deduc- 
 tion. By present usage confined 
 to non-payment of dues. 
 
 Stn. Failure. Non-payment. Arrears. 
 Deficit. 
 
 Ant. Payment. Acquittal. Balance. 
 Satisfaction 
 
 Defame, v. tr. Defamare, 
 fama^ reputation. See Decry. 
 
 Defamer, n. See Defame. 
 
 Default, n. Fault. Fallere, 
 to/ail. 
 
 Stn. Lapse. Forfeit. Omission. Absence. 
 Want. Failure. 
 
 Ant. Maintenance. Appearance. Plea. 
 Satisfaction. Forthcoming. Supply. Pre- 
 
 Defaulter, n. See Default. 
 
 Stn. Debtor. Insolvent. Bankrupt 
 Ant. Defrayer. Liquidator, 
 
 Defeat, n. Dejicere, defectum, 
 to fail. Used actively for failure, 
 in competition with a superior 
 in strength or skill. 
 
 Syn, Frustration. Overthrow. Discom- 
 fiture. 
 
 Ant. Victory. Triumph. Success. 
 
 Defeat, v. tr. See noun. Used 
 of persons and plans. 
 
 Stn. Conquer. Overcoma Worst Frua- 
 trate. 
 
 Ant. Baffle. Disconcert Beat Foil 
 Aid. Secure. Promote. Insure. Speed. 
 Advance. Establish. 
 
 Defect, n. See Defeat. 
 
 Stn. Shortcoming. Omission. Fault 
 Ant. Supply. Sufiiciency. EmendatJoa 
 
 Compensation. Virtue Ornament. Coia 
 
 piement 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 n9 
 
 DsFEOTiON. See Defect. A 
 moral failing or falling oflf, the 
 result of estrangement of will. 
 
 Syn. Failure. Dereliction. Abandon- 
 ment. Relinquishment. Desertion. 
 
 Ant. Substitution. Supply. Super- 
 abundance. Adherence. 
 
 I Defective, adj. See Defect. 
 
 F Syn. Faulty. Imperfect. InsufBcient. 
 
 ' Deficient. Wanting. Short. 
 
 Ant. Correct. Complete. SuCBcient. 
 Full. Ample. Abundant, Satisfactory. 
 
 Dbfencb, n. Defendere, de- 
 
 ft'tisio. 
 
 Syn. Resistance. Protection. Shelter. 
 Guard. 
 
 Ant. Abandonment. Surrender. Be- 
 trayal. Exposure. 
 
 Defenceless, n. See Defence. 
 
 Syn. Unsheltered. Exposed. Unguarded. 
 Unprotected. Unarmed. 
 
 Akt. Sheltered. Guarded. Fortliied. 
 Defended. Protected. Armed. 
 
 Defendant, n. See Defend. 
 One who in a court of law has a 
 case of his own to defend. 
 
 Syn. Accused. Prisoner. 
 
 Ant. Prosecutor, Accuser. Plaintiff. 
 
 Defensible, adj. See Defence. 
 That may be defended in argu- 
 ment as true or right. 
 
 Syn. Vindicable, Justifiable. Tenable. 
 Ant. Unjustifiable. Untenable. Un- 
 warrantable. Indefensible. 
 
 Defer, v. tr. Deferre, delatvs, 
 whence Delay. To put off; also 
 to waive, in deference to another. 
 
 Syn. Delay. Postpone. Waive. Ad- 
 journ. Prorogue. 
 
 Ant. Expedite. Hasten. Quicken. 
 Press. Urge. Hurry. Overdrive. Despatch. 
 
 Deference, n. See Defer. 
 
 ^ Syn. Respect. Consideration. Reverence. 
 
 I Obedience. Homage. Allegiance. 
 
 f Ant. Disrespect Contumely. Contu- 
 
 macy. Disregard. Slight. Impudence. 
 Disobedience. Non-allegiance. Defiance. 
 
 Defiance, n. Be and jides. 
 Literally, the breach of faith; 
 more particularly, of the relation 
 l>etween a vassal and his su- 
 ;>erior ; hence, setting at nought. 
 
 c»TH. &t& Deference. 
 
 Deficient, adj. I>eficere, to 
 fail. See Defective. It differs 
 from Defective, in that Deficient 
 is wanting as regards a duty or 
 a requirement. Defective as re- 
 gards a state or standard. 
 
 Defile, v. tr. An old Enghsh 
 word, file, to pollute. Conn, with 
 Foul. See Contaminate. 
 
 Define, v. tr. Defmire, finis, 
 a houndary. To set limits .to 
 space, signification, rights, &c., 
 for the sake of clearness. 
 
 Syn. Mark out Limit Designate. 
 Specify, Eliminate. Elucidate. Explain. 
 
 Ant. Confound. Confuse. Obscure. 
 Mystify. Misstate. Misconceive. MiscoU' 
 strue. Misdefine. 
 
 Definite, adj. See verb. 
 
 Syn. Clear. Specified. Determined. Do 
 finitive. Restricted. Specific. Certain. 
 Ascertained. 
 
 The difference between De- 
 finite and Definitive is that the 
 former refers to the condition of 
 things objectively, the latter sub- 
 jectively, as, matters of men's 
 action. Thus, a definite idea, 
 and, a definitive arrangement. 
 
 Ant. Vague. Unspecified. Undeter- 
 mined. Indefinite. Obscure. Confused 
 Intermingled. 
 
 Definition, n. See above. 
 
 Syn. Determination. Limitation. Speci- 
 fication. Restriction. 
 
 Ant. Confusion. Vagueness. Accepta- 
 tion. Description. Explanation. Miscon- 
 ception. Misstatement 
 
 Deflect, v. tr. and int. Ik, 
 and fiedere, to turn or bend.- To 
 turn off from a given line. 
 
 Sxv. Turn. Deviate. Diverge. Swerve. 
 Divert. Recurve. 
 
 Ant. Continue. Proceed. Straightea, 
 Unbend. l*rolong. Produce. 
 
 Deflection, n. See Deflect, 
 
 Syn. Deviation. Divergence. Alienation 
 Swerving. Incurvation. Cunrlty. Faloa 
 tion. 
 
 Ant. Straightness. Directnesfi. KecU 
 linearity. Infiexibility. Prolongation. Fr» 
 secution. Undeviatingness. 
 
J 20 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Deform, v. tr. 
 mar the shape or 
 
 Forma. To 
 appearance. 
 
 ^Ve Adoni 
 
 Deformity, w. Fiee Deform. 
 The quality of ugliness; and 
 also that which exemplifies it. 
 
 Syn. Ugliness. Disfigurement. Hideous- 
 noas. Abnormity. Monstrosity. 
 
 Ant. Grace. Beauty. Decoration. Or- 
 nament. 
 
 Defraud, v tr. Be Rndfraus, 
 fraud. See Cheat. 
 
 Defray, v. tr. Through the 
 French defrayer, frais. Lat. 
 fredum, a penalty for breach of the 
 peace. Payment of expenses, but 
 in reference to a specific object. 
 
 Syn, Meet. Liquidate. Pay. Discharge. 
 Quit. 
 
 Ant. Dishonour. Repudiate. Dissatisfy. 
 Misappropriate. Embezzle. Ilepiidiate. 
 
 Defrayment, n. See Defray. 
 
 Stn. Payment. Quittanca. Liquidation. 
 Compensation. Discharge. 
 
 Ant. Non-payment. Failure, knoorvency. 
 Appropriation. Misappropriatioi). Em- 
 bezzlement. Repudiation. 
 
 Deft, adj. Saxon. See Clever. 
 
 Defunct, adj. De and fungi, 
 to discharge. One who has dis- 
 charged his allotted p«rt in life. 
 See Dead. 
 
 Defy, v. tr. See Defiance and 
 Dare. 
 
 Degenerate, adj. See «Nr». 
 
 Syn. Worse. Fallen. Debased. Im- 
 paired. Vitiated. Decayed. 
 
 Ant. Improved. Ameliorated. Ad- 
 vanced. Regenerated. 
 
 Degenerate, v. int. De and 
 genus, a kind or stock. To ex- 
 emplify in one's self a deteriora- 
 tion of stock; also said of the 
 stock itself. 
 
 St». Deteriorate. Declina Retrograde. 
 Ant. Recover. Improve. Mend. Ad- 
 
 DeOLUTITIONj 
 
 nuaUow down 
 
 n Deglatire, to 
 
 Syn. Swallowing. Oorglng. airrttonj 
 Absorption. 
 
 Ant. Disgorgement. Vomit. 
 
 Degradation, n. De and 
 
 gradus, a step. To lower from 
 the step or rank of society or 
 office. See Debase. 
 
 Degrade, v. tr. See Degrada- 
 tion and Debase. 
 
 Degree, n. See Degradation. 
 Degree is the indication of rela- 
 tive quantity, as distinct from 
 absolute or unmeasured quan- 
 tity. , 
 
 Syn. Grade. Extent. Measure. Mark. 
 Range. Quantity. Amount. Limit 
 
 Ant. Spac«. Mass. Magnitude. Size. 
 Numbers. 
 
 Dehortation, n. De and 
 hortare, to exhort. To cxhovt 
 from, or dissu&de. See Dissuade. 
 
 Deign, v. tr. Digmis. To 
 condescend to think one's self 
 worthy. See Condescend. 
 
 Dejected, adj. De and j'acere, 
 to cast, dej'ectus. Cast down. 
 Used only metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Dispirited. Gloomy. Melancholy 
 Desponding. 
 
 Ant. Elated. Inspirited. Blithe. Gay. 
 Cheerful. 
 
 Delay, n. and v. From di- 
 latus, past part, of differre. See 
 Defer. 
 
 Delectable, adj'. Delecfare, 
 to delight. 
 
 Syn. Pleasant. Amiable. Agreeable, 
 lirgoyable. 
 
 Ant. Unpleasant. Unamiable. Dit- 
 agreeable. Unenjoyable, 
 
 Delegate, v. tr. Delegare. 
 To appoint to an office or mis- 
 sion. 
 
 Syn. Appoint. Depute. Commission. 
 Ant. Recal. Supersede. Relegate, Dis- 
 commission, 
 
 DELETERIOtns, adj. Lat, delere, 
 to wipe out or dest oy. 
 
 Stn. Destructive .Voxifrs. It^niiou 
 Poisonons. Pemidout. 
 
Synonyn^ and Antonyms. 
 
 121 
 
 AST. Wholesome. Nutritious. Esculent. 
 CoQsenrative. BeueficlaL 
 
 DlLiBEKATB, V. int. De and' 
 lihnire, to tveigh ; libra, a balance. 
 To weigh a subject carefully, for 
 a practical purpose. Both as- 
 semblies and individuals are said 
 to deliberate. 
 
 Syn. Consider. Meditate. Consult Pon- 
 der. Debate, I'erpend. 
 
 Ant. Shelve. Burke. Discard. Hazard. 
 Chance. Risk, 
 
 Deliberate, adj. See verb. 
 Exhibiting the quality of delibe- 
 ration. Applied to persons and 
 their acts. 
 
 Syv. Grave. Pui-posed. Intentional. 
 De.signed. Determined. Resolute. Earnest. 
 Unbiassed. Unprejudiced. 
 
 Ant. Playful. Jocose. Facetious. Ir- 
 resolute. Unresolved. Undetermined. 
 Dubious. Compulsory. Suggested. Dictated. 
 Instigated. Biassed. Prejudiced. 
 
 Deliberation, n. See De- 
 liberate, V. 
 
 Deliberately, adv. See De- 
 liberate, adj. 
 
 Delicacy, «. Delicice, delight. 
 That quality which pleases the 
 senses of the refined. Applied 
 also to such objects of taste as 
 have this quality. In an ex- 
 aggerated sense, used of organic 
 delicacy or weakness. It is also 
 used of mind and feeling. 
 
 Stn. Nicety. Dainty. Morsel. Re- 
 finement. Tact. Softness. Luxury. Modesty. 
 Scruple. Sensitiveness. Fragility. 
 
 Ant. Coarseness. Rudeness. Rawness. 
 Roughness. Indelicacy. Commons. Neces- 
 saries. Fare. Physic. Vigour. Robustness. 
 
 Delicate, adj. See Dehcacy. 
 Delicious, adj. See Delicacy. 
 
 Syn. Exquisite. Ijuxurious. Delightful. 
 Dain'y. Choice. 
 
 Ant. Coarse. Common. Unsavoury. 
 Unpalatable. Nauseous. Loathsome. 
 
 ' Delight, n. Delectare. Comp. 
 Delectable. A high-^vi-ought 
 state of pleasurable feeling, 
 
 SiK. Enjoyment. Pleasure. Happiness. 
 Tnuwpv ft. Ecstasy, (Jladness. Rapture. 
 
 Ant. Pain. Suffering. Sorrow. Trouble. 
 Misery. Displeasure. DissatlsfactJon. !>!»• 
 appointment Discomfort Dejection. De- 
 pression. Distress. Melancholy. Discon- 
 tent. 
 
 Delightful, adj. See Delight, 
 Delineate, v. tr. Be and 
 
 linea, a line. To draw a h'ne, or 
 
 lines, so as to mark out. 
 
 Stw, Describe. Figure. Sketch. l*or- 
 tray. 
 
 Ant. Misrepresent Caricature. Ex- 
 aggerate. Misportray. 
 
 Delinquency, n. l)e and 
 Uwpiere, to leavp. The leaving, 
 I omission, or failure of duty, and, 
 I more positively, the actual com- 
 I mission of crime, to which it is 
 I now, by usage, restricted. 
 
 j Stn. Crime. Offence. Guilt Culpa 
 i bility. Criminality. 
 
 Ant. Innocence. Blamelessness. 
 
 Delinquent, ?/. See Delin- 
 quency. 
 
 Stn. Criminal. Culprit 
 
 Ant. Worthy. Paragon. Pattern. 
 
 Delitescence, v. Delitescere, 
 lateo. To be hid. 
 
 Stn. Concealment Hiding. Skulking. 
 Shirking. 
 
 AST. Appearance. Publicity. Forward- 
 ness. Self-presentatio'i. Openness. 
 
 Deliver, v. tr. Deliberare, 
 liber, free. To set free from pre- 
 vious confinement; also, from 
 the confinement of one's own 
 mind, so as to utter; also, to 
 ! hand over. 
 
 I Stn. Liberate. Free. Rescue. * Pro- 
 I nounce. Hand. Give. Intrust Consign. 
 I Ant. Confine. Capture, Sujipress. lie- 
 tain. Betray. Withdraw. Assume. Ap- 
 propriate. iVlisdeliver 
 
 Deluds, V. tr, Deludere, Indium, 
 sport. To cheat a man into 
 something disappointing or in- 
 jurious to him. See Deceive. 
 
 Deluge, n. Diluvium. A 
 great wash of water. 
 
 Syn. Inundation. Rush. Flood. Re» 
 Atndance. , 
 
 Ant. Mist. Moisture, Dearth. Draught 
 Aridity Subsidence. EbuicMtico. 
 
J 22 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Dblubion, n. See Deceit. 
 
 Dblvk, v. int. and tr. Sax. 
 del/an. To dig. Used meta- 
 phorically also. 
 
 Snr. Dig. Penetrate. Dive. Investi- 
 gate. Search. 
 
 AiiT, Scratch. Rake. Slur. Dabble. 
 Dally. Skim. 
 
 Demand, v. tr. Demandare. 
 Demand is the forcible injunction 
 of a right as towards one's self, 
 as command of an action in an- 
 other. 
 
 Syk. Claim, llequire. luttist. 
 Ant. Disclaim. Waive. Forego. Peti- 
 tion. Request. Supplicate. 
 
 Demarcation, n. J)e and 
 marca, Fr. demarquer. Is to terri- 
 torial, what definition is to ideal, 
 limits. Conn, with Mark and 
 Marches on border - countries, 
 and Marquis, the holder of such 
 marches. 
 
 Stn. Definition. Limitation. Configu- 
 ratioK Outline. Sketch. Delineation. 
 Bounding. Inclosure. Plan. 
 
 Ant. Indefiniteiiess. Openness. Space. 
 Waste. Plain. Void. 
 
 Demean, v. tr. T)e and minari, 
 to threaten, as a driver of cattle ; 
 hence. It. menare, to conduct ; so, 
 demeanour, conduct. In later 
 times the .word became con- 
 founded with the adj. mean, 
 which had acquired the sense of 
 low. So, demean one's self has 
 the double sense of behave and 
 condescend. /See Behave and 
 Condescend. 
 
 Demerit, n. See Merit and 
 Fault. 
 
 Demesne, n. See Domain. 
 
 Demise, v. tr. Fr. demettre, 
 Lat. demittere. To lay down, 
 first, the life, and then the will, 
 as to the disposal of the pro- 
 perty. 
 
 %n. Bequeath. Leave. Will 
 ▲xr Alienate. Divert. 
 
 Demise, n. See Death. 
 
 Democratic, adj. Arjfios, the 
 peojjle, and Kparelv, to rule. Be- 
 longing to a state of things in 
 which the people, as such, bear 
 rule. Belonging to, or akin to, 
 democracy. Extended to the 
 extreme issues of democracy, 
 from which it were better to 
 keep it distinct. 
 
 Syw. Popular. Levelling. Radical. Sub- 
 versive. Unlicensed. Anarchical. J>estruc- 
 tive. Republican. 
 
 Ant. Regal. Imperial. Aristocratic 
 Oligarchical. Constitutional. Conservative, 
 Tyrannical Despotic. Autocratic. 
 
 Demolish, v. tr. De and moles, 
 a mass or structure. To destroy 
 utterly a compound or con- 
 structed mass. See Destroy. 
 
 . Demoniacal, adj. Gr. dcemon. 
 
 Syn. Fiendish. Hellish. Diabolical. 
 Ant. Angelic. Seraphic. Heavenly, 
 
 Demonstrate, v. tr. Demon- 
 strare. To show by external 
 proof, and, secondly, to prove as 
 conclusively, as if by external 
 proof. 
 
 Syn. Prove. Show. Exhibit. Illus- 
 trate. 
 
 Ant. Disprove. Conceal. Missdemou- 
 strate. Misexemplify, 
 
 Demoralize, v. tr. De and 
 
 mores, vnanners or morals. See 
 Ameliorate. For a technical 
 sense in military matters, see 
 Dishearten. 
 
 Demulcent, adj'. Demulcere, 
 to soothe. 
 
 Syn. Soothing. Softening. Allaying. 
 Lenitive, 
 
 Ant. Irritating. Chafing. Blistering. 
 
 Demur, v. int. Through the 
 French, from the Lat. mora, de- 
 lay. To demur to a thing is to 
 delay, from reasons of your own, 
 in giving assent or consent to it, 
 
 Snr. Dubitate. Hesitate. Halt Object 
 Axi. Approve. Acquiesce. As:<^ 
 A^seent. Coasent 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 123 
 
 Drmueh, adj. Old Fr. murs, 
 Lat. mores, morals or vnanners. 
 Exhibiting refrain of manners 
 and expression, sometimes to an 
 unnecessary extent. 
 
 8tn. Sedate. Staid. Grave. Sober. 
 Dispassionate. Prudish. Discreet. 
 
 Akt. Lively. Vivacious. Facetious. 
 Wanton. Wild. Noisy. Boisterous. 
 Rompish. Hoydenlsh. Indiscreet. 
 
 Denial, n. See Deny. 
 
 Denizen, n. One who had 
 the privileges of a subject by the 
 king's ' donatio/ or grant. 
 
 Stn. Citizen. Subject. Inhabitant. 
 Freed-man. Sojourner. Dweller. 
 f Ant. Foreigner. Alien. Stranger. Exile. 
 
 |- Traveller. 
 
 Denominate, v. tr. Be and 
 
 nomen, a name. To give a name. 
 
 Syn. Name. Call. Designate. Specify. 
 Denote. 
 
 Ant. Misname. MisctiU. Describe. 
 Suggest. Delineate. 
 
 Denomination, n. See De- 
 nominate. A class or order 
 having a common name. 
 
 Syn. Name. Designation. Description. 
 Kind. Class. Order. Appellation. 
 Ant. Non-description. Misnomer. 
 
 Denote, v. tr. Be notare, nota, 
 a mark ; notus, known. To point 
 out, so as to set a note upon, or 
 make known specifically. See 
 Denominate. 
 
 Denounce, v. tr. Benuntiare. 
 To declare publicly as worthy of 
 reprobation. Distinguished from 
 renounce, which is, to make the 
 same declaration, but in connec- 
 tion with one's own resolve to 
 forego or abandon it. 
 
 Stn. Reprobate. Decry. Proscribe. 
 Brand. Stigmatize. Vituperate. Defame. 
 
 Akt. Applaud. Eulogize. Vindicate. 
 Panegyrize. Uphold. 
 
 Dense, adj. Bcnsus, thick. 
 With particles closely consoli- 
 dated. Used metaphorically for 
 atupid. 
 
 Stn. Slow. Thick. Stupid. Stcud 
 Solid, stout. Compact. Consolidated. 
 
 Ant. Quick. Clever. Intelligent. Rare 
 Rarefied. ITncompacted. Sparse. 
 
 Dent, n. Bens, a tooth. Conn, 
 with Dint. 
 
 Stn. Indentation. Notch. Cavity. 
 Ant. Tumour. Protuberance. Button, 
 Knob. Tooth. 
 
 Denticulated, adj. See Dent. 
 
 Stn. Notched. Crenellated. Indented. 
 Ant. Toothed. Serrated. 
 
 Denticulation, n. See adj. 
 
 Denude, v. tr. Be and nuduh 
 hare. 
 
 Syn. Strip. Divest. Bare. Spoil. 
 
 Ant. Invest. Drape. Decorate. Enrich 
 Ornament. 
 
 Denunciation, n. See De- 
 nounce. 
 
 Deny. Benegare. To with- 
 liold consent to a proposal, assent 
 to a proposition or request, and 
 assent to a statement of fact. 
 
 Stn. Refuse. Reject. Withhold. Nega- 
 tive. Contradict. 
 
 Ant. Grant Accept. Concede. Admit. 
 Affirm. Confirm. Afford. Yield. Indulge. 
 
 Depart, v. int. Fr. partir, Lat. 
 pars. To quit a certain part or 
 locality, in any one of many 
 ways. Also, to leave a given 
 place, or deviate from a given 
 line. 
 
 Stn. Leave. Quit. Go. Decamp. Start 
 Sally. Retire. Withdraw. Remove 
 Vanish. 
 
 Ant. Stay. Cling. Remain. Come 
 Arrive. Alight. Used also for Die. 
 
 Departed, adj. See Depart 
 and Defunct. 
 
 Department, n. Be pars, a 
 part or division. Fr. department 
 A branch or part of an oflficial or 
 scientific institution, or a country 
 SO arranged. 
 
 Stn. Secticn. Division. Office. Branch, 
 Provinca 
 
 Ant. Institution. Establishment. Art 
 Science. Literature. Service. State Whole 
 Organization. Community. Society Body 
 
121 
 
 Sijnonyim and Antonyms. 
 
 Dependence, n. See Depen- 
 dent. 
 
 Dependent, adj. Dependere, 
 To hang, both merely physically 
 and also conscionsly ; hanging on 
 another thing. 
 
 Sy'N, Hanging. Resting. Contingent. 
 Tnisting. Relying. Subject. Relative. 
 
 Ant. Independent. Irrelative. Irrespec- 
 tive. Absolute. Free. 
 
 Depict, v. tr. Deinngere. To 
 paint. 
 
 Syn. Portray. Colour. Paint. Draw. 
 Delineate. 
 
 Ant. Misrepresent. Exaggerate. Deform. 
 Caricature. 
 
 Deplorable, adj. De and 
 plorare, to lament. 
 
 Stn. Lamentable. Miserable, Pitiable. 
 8a<l. Calamitous. Disastrous. 
 
 Ant. Welcome. Clad. Acceptible. 
 Kelicitous. Beneficial. Joyous. 
 
 Deplore, v. tr. See Deplor- 
 able. 
 
 Sfv. Regret. T^ament. Mourn. 
 Ant. Welcome. Hail. 
 
 Depopulate, v. tr. Be and 
 popidus. To deprive a country 
 of its popnlatibn. 
 
 Stn. Waste. Dispeople. Unpeople. De- 
 sert. Abandon. 
 
 Ant. Occupy. Tenant. Colonize. In- 
 habit. Settle. Replenish. Stoclc. Fill. 
 
 Deportation, n. Beportare. 
 To carry home or to its place. 
 
 Syn. Arrival. Imj>ort;ition. Placement. 
 Reconsignment. 
 
 Ant. Exportation. Emigration. Dis- 
 placement. 
 
 Deportment, n. Same root 
 as Deportation. Used of bodily 
 and moral carriage. 
 
 Syn. Behaviour. Carriage. Movement. 
 Ant. Misbehaviour. Misdeportment. 
 
 Depose, v. tr. Beponere. To 
 lay down on evidence, or as 
 Btrongly. See Avouch. Used in 
 the peculiar sense of dethrone- 
 ment. See Enthrone. 
 
 Dkposition, n. See Depose. 
 
 Deprave, v. ir. Be and prmni^^ 
 had. To corrupt the moral na- 
 ture. See Debase. 
 
 Depraved, adj. See Deprave. 
 
 Deprecate, v. tr. Beprecor^ 
 ari. Be and prex, a prayer. To 
 beg off a thing. Also used, in a 
 more positive sense, for disavow, 
 as, to deprecate all knowledge of 
 a thing, which really is to depre- 
 cate another's supposition that 
 one has such a knowledge. 
 
 Stn. Disiivow. Disclaim. Expostulate 
 Intercede. 
 
 Ant. Beg. Supplicate. Ask. Entreat 
 Request. Imprecate. Invoke. 
 
 Depreciate, v. tr. Be and 
 pretium, price. To cry down 
 the value of an article or a cha- 
 racter. 
 
 Stn. Disparage. Undervalue. Decry. 
 Ant Appreciate. Extol, Enhance 
 Value. Over-value. 
 
 Depredation, n. Be and 
 pro'da, a prey. A coming down 
 upon a place, and carrying of! 
 something by force. Usage has 
 softened the word into meaning 
 an unauthorized encroachment. 
 
 Syn. Havoc. Robbery. Spoliation. 
 Plunder. Trespass. Invasion. Encroach- 
 ment. 
 
 Ant. Pilfering. Perquisite. Abstraction. 
 Pocketing. Restitution. Compensation. 
 
 Depredator, n. See Depre- 
 dation. 
 
 Depression, n. Beprimere, 
 depressus. Used both physically, 
 mentally, and analogously. 
 
 Syn. Lowering. Degradation. Debase- 
 ment. Dejection. Discouragement. Hollow. 
 Valley. Dip. 
 
 Ant. Riilsing. l']levatlon. Exaltation. 
 Promotion. Preferment. Amelioratif»n, 
 Encouragement. Rallying. Rising. Mound. 
 Prominence, Eminence. 
 
 Deprive, v. tr. Beprivare^ 
 from jnnviiH, one's oivn. Conn. 
 with Private. To take awa^r a 
 man's own. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 126 
 
 Btn. Strip, Bereave. Despoil. Rob. 
 Wves* 
 
 Am. Invest. Endow. Compensate, 
 ftirich. Supply. Present Reinstate, In- 
 demnify. 
 
 Depi-h, n. See Deep. 
 
 SvN. Profuudity. Chasm. Abyss. 
 Bottom. 
 
 Ant. Surface. Shallowness. Super- 
 ficiality. 
 
 Dei'Ute, V. tr. Deputare. To 
 appoint a person to a specific 
 charge. 
 
 SrN. Appoint. Commission. Charge. 
 Entrust. I)ele?;ate. Authorize. Accredit. 
 
 Ant. Recal. Discard. Dismiss. Dis- 
 commission. Supersede. 
 
 Deputy, n. See Depute. 
 
 Sin. Vicegerent. Lieutenant. Reprc- 
 st'iitative. Agent. Commissioner, liCgate. 
 Proxy. Substitute. 
 
 Stn, Principal. Master. Chief. Go- 
 vernor. Sovereign. Ruler. Head. 
 
 Derange, v. tr. Fr. deranyer. 
 From Range. Conn, with Eing 
 and Eank, from arena. See Ar- 
 range. 
 
 Derangement, n. See Derange 
 and Aberration. 
 
 Deiieliotion, n. Be and re- 
 liaquere, relictus, to leave. A 
 leaving off, or failure in, a 
 point or course of duty. 
 
 Stn. Abandonment. Failure. Short- 
 coming. Desertiou. Relinquishment. Neg- 
 lect. 
 
 Ant. Performance. Otservance. Ad- 
 herence. Attention. 
 
 Deride, v. tr. See Derision. 
 
 Derision, n. De and ridere, to 
 laugh ; risus, laughter. Contemp- 
 tuous laughter. 
 
 Stn. Scorn. Contempt. Contumely. 
 Disrespect. 
 
 Ant. Respect. Regard. Admiration. 
 Reverence. 
 
 Derisive, adj. See Deride. 
 
 Derivati»w, n. De and rivus, 
 a stream. The flow of a thing 
 from its source. 
 
 Stn. Origin. Source. Beginning. Cause. 
 Etymology. Root. Spring. Analysis. j 
 
 Awi. Result, Issue. Formation. Ap- ' 
 plicaUou, Use. i 
 
 Derive, v. tr, See Derivation. 
 
 Stn. Deduce. Trace. Follow Tr&ck. 
 Draw. Resolve. 
 
 Ant. Misdeduce. Misattribute, Mis- 
 trace. 
 
 Derogate, v. int. Derogare. 
 To ask the votes of the Eoman 
 people concerning the modifica- 
 tion of a law. Hence, to detract 
 from a thing, and, specifically, 
 from the value of it. Followed * 
 by the prep. from. 
 
 Syn. Detract. Dit«paragc. Depreciate. 
 Decry. Deteriorate. 
 
 Ant. l^isteem. Value. Laud. Enhance. 
 ExtoU Exaggerate. Over-estimate. Over- 
 value. 
 
 Derogation, n. See Derogate. 
 
 Descant, v. int. Dis and 
 cantus, a song. A variation from 
 or in a given melody. Diffusclj 
 to talk. 
 
 Syn, Dissert. Discuss. Expatiate En- 
 large, Tallc. Dwell. Amplify 
 
 Ant. Condense. Abridge. Abbreviate. 
 Curtail, Confine. Clip. Delineate. 
 
 Descend, v. int. Descendnr, 
 scandere, to climb. See Ascend. 
 Descendant, n. See Descends 
 
 Syn. Offspring. Progeny. Stock. Scion. 
 Seed. Branch. Issue. House. Family 
 Lineage. 
 
 Ant. Author. Founder. Parent. An- 
 cestor. Progenitor. Stock, Root Souice. 
 Origin. 
 
 Descent, n. See Descend and 
 Ascend. 
 
 Describe, v. tr. De and scri- 
 bere, to write or di'aw. To draw 
 a line round a space, or, men- 
 tally, round an idea, for sake of 
 explanation. 
 
 Syn. Draw. Delineate, Portray. Ex- 
 plain. Illustrate. Define. Picture. 
 
 Ant. Confound. Confuse Mystify 
 Misrepresent. Caricature. Distort. 
 
 Description, n. See Describe 
 and Denomination. 
 
 Descry, v. tr. Discernere, dis- 
 cretus. To discern. Comp. Dis- 
 cretion. To see an object or 
 subject not distinctly manifest 
 
126 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 8tn. Discern. Rea^nize. Discover. 
 Distinguish. Espy. Detect. Observe. 
 Mark. 
 
 Ant. Miss. Overlook. Misolraerve. 
 
 Desecrate, v. tr. Be and 
 sacer, sacred. To violate the 
 Banctity of a thing or place, or to 
 put it to an unworthy use, 
 
 SrN. Profane. Secularize. Misuse. 
 Abuse. Prostitute. Pollute. 
 
 Ant. Use. Employ. Devote. Dedicate. 
 Consecrate. Solemnize. Sanctify. Purify. 
 Reconcile. 
 
 Desert, n. Beserere. To dis- 
 connect, i. e. abandon ; hence the 
 noim, a place abandoned. 
 
 Stn. Wild. Waste. Wilderness, Soli- 
 tude. Void. 
 
 Ant. Inclosure. Field. Pasture. Gar- 
 den. Oasis. 
 
 Desert, v. tr. See noim and 
 Abandon. 
 
 Deserter, n. See Desert. One 
 who forsakes a person or a cause, 
 dereliction of duty being im- 
 plied. 
 
 Syn. Renegade. Runaway. Recanter. 
 Abjurer. Apostate. Traitor. Forsaker. 
 
 Ant. Adherent. Supporter. Ally. Be- 
 friender. Disciple. Bigot. Slave. 
 
 Deserve, v. tr. Be and servire, 
 to serve. To earn by service, or, 
 generally, to merit. 
 
 Stn. Merit. Earn. Justify. Win. 
 Ant. Forfeit. Misdeserve. Lose, 
 
 Desiderate, v. tr. Besiderium. 
 Desire of the lost or absent. 
 Sometimes used va^ely for de- 
 sire, as a matter, not of passion, 
 but requirement. 
 
 Stn. Desire. Want. Need. Require. 
 Ant. Disregard. Forget. Supersede. 
 Discard. 
 
 Desideratum, n. See De- 
 siderate. 
 
 Syn. Requisite. Complement. Essen- 
 tial. Want. 
 
 Akt. Surplusage. Superfluity, Incum- 
 brance. Drawback. 
 
 DxsiGN, V. tr. Be and signare, 
 to mark out. To mark out a 
 plan of mental or physical con- 
 BtnictioE or proceeding'. 
 
 Stn. Contemplate, Purp<*e Intend. 
 Plan. Prepare. Project. 
 
 Ant. Hit. Risk. Guess Conjecture. 
 Chance. Fluke. Misconceive. Mlsoon- 
 trive. 
 
 Design, n. See verb. Is used 
 in the senses of the verb, and 
 also in the degenerate sense of 
 artifice and cunning; that is, 
 design unworthily employed. 
 
 Stn. Contemplation. Purpose. Inten- 
 tion, Plan. Preparation. Draft. Deline- 
 ation, Sketch. Drawing. Artifice, Cim- 
 niug. Artfulness. Guile. Contrivance. 
 
 Ant. Execution, Performance. Result. 
 Issue. Construction. Structure. Candour. 
 Fairness. Openness. Artlessness. Sincerity. 
 Simplicity. Chance. Accident. 
 
 Designate. Be and sigmim, 
 a mark or sign ; signare, to drauj 
 a line. To attribute a descriptive 
 name. See Denominate. 
 
 Designation, n. See Desig- 
 nate. 
 
 Designed, part. See Design. 
 
 Stn. Intended. Prepared. Purposed 
 Adapted. Calculated. Planned. Contrived 
 Intentional. 
 
 Ant. Fortuitous. Casual, Accidental. 
 Miscalculated. Miscontrived. Unintended. 
 
 Designing, adj. See Design 
 and Artful. 
 
 Desinence, n. Besinere. To 
 leave off. 
 
 Syn. Termination. Conclusion, Cessa- 
 tion. Discontinuance. Cadence, Period 
 Finality, 
 
 Ant. Origination. Initiation. Inaugu- 
 ration, Continuance, Progression. Com- 
 mencement. Inception. 
 
 Desirable, adj. See Deside- 
 rate. To be desired, either for 
 itself or for some end beyond it, 
 
 Stn. Expedient. Advisable. Valuable. 
 Acceptable. Proper. .Judicious, BencficiaL 
 Profitable. Good. , 
 
 Ant. Undesirable. Unadvisable. Inex- 
 pedient. Objectionable. Improper, Inju- 
 dicious, Unprofitable, Evil, 
 
 Desire, n. See Desiderate. 
 
 Stn, Longing, Affection, Propension. 
 Craving, Concupiscence, Appetency. 
 
 Akt. Loathing, Hate. RepugnAQcn 
 Disgust. Aversion. Abcinination. Ronas 
 
 Desire, v. See nouru 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 127 
 
 Dksbt. De and sistere, to 
 stand. To stand off from con- 
 limiing a process. Followed by 
 prep. from. 
 
 Stn. Cease. Stop. Discontinue. Drop. 
 Abstain. Forbear. 
 
 Ant. Continue. Proceed. Persist. Per- 
 severe. 
 
 Desolate, adj. De and solus, 
 alone. Lonely. Said of condi- 
 tion and localities. 
 
 Stn. Bereaved. Forlorn. Forsaken. 
 Deserted. Wild. Waste. Bare. Bleak, 
 lionely. 
 
 Ant. Cheered. Cheerfnl. Consoled. 
 Attended. Cultivated. Sheltered. Fertile. 
 Luxuriant. Animated. Lively. Gay. 
 Frequented. 
 
 Desolate, v. See adjective. 
 
 Syn. Waste. Spoil. Sack. Plunder. 
 Pillage, llavage. Devastate. 
 
 Ant. People. Colonize. Plant. J)o- 
 velope. Fertilize. Cultivate. Enrich. Kn« 
 liven. 
 
 Desolation, n. See Desolate, 
 
 verb. 
 
 Despair, w. JDesperare, sperare, 
 to hope ; spes, hope. 
 
 Stn. Hopelessness. Despondency. Des- 
 peration. 
 
 Ant. Hopefulness. Elation. Confidence. 
 Sanguineness. Expectation. Anticipation. 
 Hilarity. 
 
 Despair, v. See 7ioun. Fol- 
 lowed by prep. of. 
 
 Stn. Despond. I'aint. 
 
 Ant. Hope. Trust. Confide. Rely. 
 Presume. Rally. 
 
 Desperate, adj. See Despair. 
 Showing in action the condition 
 of despair, or, analogously, wild, 
 as if desperate. Also used of the 
 aspects of affairs. 
 
 Stn. Wild. Daring. Audacious. De- 
 termined. Reckless. Abandoned. Hope> 
 less. Inextricable. Irremediable. 
 
 Ant. Cool. Calm. Cautious. Timid. 
 Shy. Irresolute. Remediable. Hopeful. 
 Promising. Propitioua 
 
 Despicable, ad,)'. Despicari. 
 k form of despicere, to look down 
 'ipov. 
 
 3m £-« Contemptible. 
 
 Despise, v. ti . Sm Despicable 
 and Contemn. 
 
 Despite, ^rejj. Formed from 
 de and spite, which is from de- 
 spicere. Spite is spise or con- 
 tempt, but not inactive, but ma- 
 licious despisement or contempt. 
 In spite of. 
 
 Syn. Notwithstanding. Opposing. Re- 
 sisting. 
 
 Ant. Concurrently. Consentaneously 
 Aiding. Abetting. 
 
 Despite, n. See prep, and 
 Spite. 
 
 Despoil, v. tr. Despoliare, 
 spolia, spoils taken in war or 
 combat. Used generally of di- 
 vesting, and so spoiling. 
 
 Stn. Strip. Denude. Ravage. De- 
 vastate. Rob. Havoc. Spoliate. 
 
 Ant. Decorate. Adorn. P]mbcllish. lin- 
 rich. Reinstate. Rehabilitate. 
 
 Despond, v. int., Despondency, 
 n. Bespondere, to promise away, 
 especially in marriage. Hence, 
 to abandon and give up as lost. 
 See Despair. 
 
 Despot, n. Gr. dea-TroTrjs. An 
 irresponsible head of a state, not 
 necessarily cruel in character. 
 Yet irresponsible power in hu- 
 man hands so naturally leads to 
 it, that cruelty has become asso- 
 ciated with despot and tyrant. 
 
 Stn. Tyrant. Autocrat. 
 Ant. Slave. Subject. 
 
 Despotic, adj. See Despot. 
 
 Stn. Autocratic. Irresponsible. Abso- 
 lute. Cruel. Tyrannical. 
 
 Ant. Limited. Constitutional Hu- 
 mane. Merciful. 
 
 Destine, v. tr. Destinare. An 
 old and obsolete verb, stino, con- 
 nected with sto, to place dovm 
 firmly, as intended for a certain 
 use or purpose. 
 
 Sth. Purpose. Intend. Design. De. 
 vote. 
 
 Ajnp. Alienate. Divocoe. Misapply 
 Divert. 
 
128 
 
 Synonyms and Antonymt. 
 
 Dkstination, n. See Deptine. 
 
 SrN. Puqwse. lutenlioi). Design. Con- 
 sigumeut. Object. Eud. Fate, Doom, 
 Arrival. Application. Use. Scope. Goal. 
 Aim. 
 
 Ant. Operation, Tendency. Exercise, 
 Action. Movement. Design. Initiation. 
 Project. EffoiL I'urpose, 
 
 Destiny, n. See Destine. The 
 fixed decree of fate in general, or 
 one's own fate in particular. 
 
 SrN. Fate. Decree. Predestination. 
 Necessity. Doom. End. 
 
 .\nt. Will. Volition. Choice. Delibe- 
 rition. Freedom. Freewill. 
 
 Destitute, adj. Destitutus, 
 Ste Deprive. 
 
 Destroy, v. tr, Destmerc 
 Comp. Eng. Strew, to throw 
 down. 
 
 Syn. Demolish. Annlliilatc. Subvert. 
 Ant. llestore. Reinstate. Repair. Fabri- 
 cate. Malce. Create. Construct. 
 
 Destructive, adj. ~ See De- 
 stroy. 
 
 Stn. Detrimental. Hurtful. Noxiou-*. 
 Injurious. Deleterious. Baleful. Baneful. 
 Subversive. 
 
 Ant. Wholesome. Conservative. Pre- 
 servative. Beneficial. Reparatory. Sub- 
 sidiary. Restorative. 
 
 Desuetude, n. Dcsitetudo, de 
 and suescerc, to he accustomed. 
 
 Stn. Disuse. Obsoleteness, Non-ob- 
 servance, 
 
 Ant. Use, Vogue. Custom. Practice. 
 Observance. Exercise. Operation. Perma- 
 nence, Perpetuation, 
 
 Desultory, adj. De and 
 salire, to leap. Literally, jumping 
 about. Not steady to a line of 
 thought or conduct. 
 
 Stn. Rambling. Discursive. Loose. 
 Unmethodical. Superficial. Unsettled. 
 Erratic. Inexact. Spasmodic. Fitful. 
 Freaitish. Aberrant. 
 
 Aht. Settled. Consecutive. Earnest. 
 Serious. Persevering. Continuous. Me- 
 thodical. J'Jxact. Diligent. Untiring. Re- 
 current. Periodical, Systematic. 
 
 Detach, v. tr. See Attach. 
 
 Detail, v. tr, De and Fr. 
 tailler, to cut., It. tagliare. Conn, 
 with Intaglio. Literally, a cutting. 
 
 Metaphorically; a minute portion 
 of a subject oi work. To givo 
 the component parts in enumera- 
 tive statement. 
 
 Stn. Particularize. Enumerate, Indi- 
 vidualize. Sift. Analyze. Specify. 
 
 Ant. Generalize, Condense. Conglome- 
 rate. Gather, Sketch, Suggest. Abstract. 
 Classify. Amalgamate. 
 
 Detail, n. See verb. 
 
 Syn. Element. Component. Particular. 
 Specialty. Point, 
 
 Ant. Account. Statement Recital 
 Totality, Representation. 
 
 Detain, v. tr. Detmere. To 
 hold back. 
 
 Stn, Stay. Keep. Stop, Arrest, Em- 
 bargo. 
 
 Ant, Lilxjrate. Exix>dite. Accelerate. 
 Dismiss. lxx)se. Dlsembargo. 
 
 Detect, v. tr. De and t'-f/'re, 
 to cover. To uncover that Avhich 
 has been concealed. 
 
 Stn. Discover, Descry. Unmask, Ex- 
 pose. 
 
 Ant. Miss. Lose, Misobserve, Ignoro 
 Connive. 
 
 Detention, v. See Detain, 
 Deter, v. tr. De and terreo, 1 
 frighten. To warn by tiie decla- 
 ration or the suspicion of ill con- 
 sequences. 
 
 Syn. Warn. Stop. Dissuade. Disin- 
 cline. Indispose. Dispirit. Discourage 
 Dishearten. Terrify. Scare. 
 
 Ant. Encourage. Incite. Provoke, 
 Move. Allure. Prompt. Tempt, Seduce. 
 Persuade. 
 
 Deterge, Detergent. See 
 Absterge. 
 
 Deteriorate, v. tr. Deterior, 
 worse. To make or grow worse. 
 See Ameliorate. 
 
 Determinate, adj. De and 
 terminus, a limit. Having the 
 limits well defined. See Definite. 
 
 Determination, n. See De- 
 termine, Definition, and Decision. 
 It expresses that quality of mind 
 and character which, having first 
 delineated a course of conduct 
 
Synonym's and Antonyms. 
 
 12J> 
 
 and aim, resolutely strives to 
 realize it. 
 
 Detkrminb, v. tr. and int. See 
 Determinate, Define, Decide. 
 
 Dbteesion. See Deterge. 
 
 Detest, v. tr. De and testis, 
 a witness. To call, as it were, 
 witnesses, before whom to make 
 an expression of abjuration. 
 Generally, to hate. See Abomi- 
 nate. 
 
 Detestable, adj. See Detest 
 and Abominable. 
 
 Dethrone, v. tr. De and 
 I thronus (0p6vos), a throne. 
 
 Syn. Depose. Uncrown. 
 
 Ant. Crown. Anoint. Enthrone. 
 
 Dethronement, n. See De- 
 throne. 
 
 Detonate, v. int. De and 
 tonitus, thunder. To go off with 
 a sharp report. 
 
 ^SYN. Slxplode. Pop. 
 Ant. Smoulder. Hang. PuflF. 
 Detortion, n. De and for- 
 quere, tortus, to twist back or 
 down. To turn from the original 
 meaning. To twist out of right 
 shape generally, as Distortion is 
 with a specific object. 
 
 Stn. Wresting. ViolatioiL Twisting. 
 Distortion. Perversion. Decurvity. De- 
 vexity. Recurvation, 
 
 Ant. Direction. Aim. Rectilinearity. 
 Rectification. 
 
 Detract, v. tr. Detrahere, 
 tracfus. To take or draw away. 
 In usage, applied to value and 
 reputation. Used with the prej). 
 from. 
 
 Stk. Lessen. Deteriorate. Depreciate. 
 Diminish. 
 
 Ant. Augment. Enhance. Raise. In- 
 
 Detraction, n. See Detract 
 and Detriment. Used peculiarly 
 of derogation from the social 
 value of character. 
 
 Stn. Diminution. Deterioration, De. 
 preciation. Slander. Backbiting. Deroga« 
 tion. 
 
 Ant. Augmentation. Improvement. 
 Enhancement. Eulogy. Compliment. 
 Flattery. 
 
 Detractor, n. See Detrac- 
 tion. 
 
 Stn. Slan(ferer. Cynic. Backbiter. 
 Ant. Flatterer. Sycophant. Eulogist. 
 
 Detriment, n. Detrimentum, 
 terere, to rub or wear. The wear- 
 ing off or away of a substance, so 
 as to diminish its value or use- 
 fulness. 
 
 Syw. Loss. Harm. Hurt. Injury. De- 
 terioration. Impairment. 
 
 Ant. Enhancement. Improvement. 
 Remedy. Reinstatement. Repair. Aug- 
 mentation. 
 
 Detrimental, adj. See De- 
 triment. 
 
 Syn. Injurious. Hurtful. Pernicious. 
 Ant. Beneficial. Profitable. Augmcn 
 tative. 
 
 Detrude, v. tr. De and tru- 
 dere, to thrust. To throw down 
 See Dash. 
 
 Detruncation, n. De and 
 tr uncus, the trunk or body. The 
 separation, from the main body 
 of the limbs or branches. 
 
 Syn. Lopping. Disramification. Pollard- 
 ing. Dismemberment. Discorporatioii. 
 Amputation. Stripping. 
 
 Ant. Training. Trailing. Grafting. 
 Inoculation. Luxuriance. 
 
 Devastate, v. tr. De and 
 vastus, vast. Conn, with Eng. 
 Waste. To lay a place waste. 
 See Despoil. 
 
 Develope, v. tr. De and vo- 
 luptas (doubtful). To envelope 
 being to make comfortable by 
 wrapping. Used of unfolding a 
 thing, and also of unfolding one 
 thing out of another, envelope 
 representing the contrary pro- 
 cess. 
 
 Sym. Educe. Enucleate. Elimlnat' 
 Enonciate. Amplify. Expano. Knlarg« 
 K 
 
130 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Akt. Envelope. Wrap, Obscu. 3. Mys- 
 tify. Conceal. Narrow, llestriot. Con- 
 tract. Condense. Compress. Involve. 
 
 Devblopmknt, n. See De- 
 velope. 
 
 Devexity, n. De and vehere, 
 vexus, to carry. See Detortion. 
 
 Deviate, v. int. De and via, 
 a road. To strike off from a 
 road or line of thought or 
 
 Sin. Digress. Wander. Depart. Divari- 
 cate. Diverge. 
 
 ANii Continue. Advance. 
 
 Dkviob, 71. It. divisare, from ii- 
 videre, to divide. First, a divided, 
 coloured, peculiar, or personal 
 badge or cognizance; thence a 
 private scheme or mode of action, 
 implying privacy to the extent of 
 secretiveness. For the latter, 
 deviser (videre). 
 
 Stk. Artiflce. Expedient. Contrivance. 
 Cognizance. 
 
 Ant. Fair-dealing. Openness. Miscon- 
 trivance. Abortion. Fortune. Luck. 
 Hazard. Hit. Incognito. 
 
 Devilish, adj. Aid^okos, the 
 devil or accuser. See Angelic. 
 
 Devious, adj. De and via, a 
 road. Wanting in the directness 
 and plainness of a road. 
 
 Stn. Tortuous. Circuitous. Untracked. 
 Traclsless. Pathless. Ambagious. Round- 
 about. Distorted. 
 
 Ant. Direct. Plain. Trodden, Fre- 
 quented. Straightforward. 
 
 Devise, v. tr. See Device. 
 
 Stn. Contrive. Plan, Manage. Ma- 
 noeuvre, Concoct. 
 
 Ant. Miscontrive. Mismanage. 
 
 Devoid, adj. A stronger form 
 of Void, which is connected with 
 viduum, empty or deserted. Hence, 
 widow. 
 
 Stn. Void. Wanting. Defltitute. Un- 
 endowed. Unprovided. 
 
 Ant. Furnished. Supplied. Replete. 
 Provided. Gifted. 
 
 Devolve, v. act. and neut. De 
 antJ volvere. to roll. To accrue 
 
 or come to another in the way of 
 office or duty, usually in the h\> 
 sence or failure of another. Fol- 
 lowed by the prep. upon. 
 
 Stn. Impose. Place. Charge. Com- 
 mission. Depute. Accrue. Attach, Be- 
 faU, FalL 
 
 Ant. Deprive. Withhold. Recal. Can- 
 cel. Alienate. Miss. Pretermit. Pass. 
 Lapse. Slclp. 
 
 Devote, v. tr, De and votum, 
 a vow. To dedicate by vow. 
 More generally, in a weaker 
 sense, to assign. See Dedicate. 
 
 Devoted, adj. See Devote. 
 Used in the sense of self-devoted. 
 
 Stn. Attached. Fond. Absorbed. De- 
 dicated. Given. Abandoned. 
 
 Ant. Alienated, Estranged Averse, 
 
 Devotion, n. See Devote. It 
 has the sense of strong attach- 
 ment generaHy, and religious 
 attachment in particular. 
 
 Stn. Piety. Devoutness. Religiousness. 
 Dedication. Self-abandonment. Self-sur- 
 render. Self-sacrifice. Love. Attachment. 
 
 Ant. Impiety. Profanity. Selfishness. 
 Aversion. Alienation, Antipathy. Indif- 
 ference. Apathy. 
 
 Devour, v. tr. Devorare. 
 
 Stn, Eat, Consume. Swallow, Gorge. 
 Gobble, Bolt, Absorb, 
 Ant. Disgorge. Vomit. 
 
 Devout, adj. See Devotion. 
 
 Devoutless, adj. See Ant. to 
 Devotion. 
 
 Dexterous, adj. Dexter, the 
 right hand. Skilful in manual 
 things. See Awkward. 
 
 Diabolical, adj. See Devilish. 
 
 Diadem, n. Aiddrjixa. An 
 ornament ' bound round the 
 head as a symbol of imperial, 
 princely, or noble rank, or as an 
 ornament of beauty. 
 
 Stn, Crown, Coronet, Coronal Chaplet, 
 Wreath. Fillet, Tiara. Circlet 
 
 Ant. Liberty-cap. Fool's-c-ap, Daisy- 
 chain, 
 
 Diagnostic. Aia and yivuxTKeiv, 
 to know. Something wherebj 
 
Synonyms and Anionymi. 
 
 13! 
 
 we know or distinguisli a case, 
 especially in cases of disease. 
 
 St». Symptom. Indication. Feature. 
 Sign. Cue. 
 
 Amt. Development. Crisis. Formation. 
 Consummation. Head. Deception. Illusion 
 Misindication. 
 
 Dialect. AtaXeyeiv, to speak 
 or converse. It is better to use 
 Dialect in the sense of distinctive 
 and local speech. 
 
 Syn. Provincialism. Accent. Idiom. 
 Ant. Tongue. Language. Speech. 
 
 DiALKCTiO, adj. See Dialect. 
 Belonging to the dialectical 
 science or rhetoric. 
 
 Syn. Rhetorical. Logical, Argumenta- 
 tive. 
 
 Ant. Conversational. Colloquial. 0««n- 
 monplace. 
 
 Dialogue, n. See Dialect. 
 Conversation confined to two 
 persons, or also general. 
 
 Syn. Tete-a-Tete. Conversation. Dis- 
 course. Colloquy. Confabulation. 
 
 Ant. Monologue. Oration. Soliloquy. 
 Apostrophe. 
 
 Diaphanous, «c?y. Ata, through, 
 and (f)di.veiv, to show. Said of that 
 which the light shines through, 
 
 Syn. Transparent. Translucent. Crys- 
 talline. Pellucid. Limpid. 
 
 Ant. Muddy. Opaque. Turbid, 
 
 Diatribe, n. Aiarpl^eiv, to 
 wear, waste, or spend time, es- 
 pecially in pointless or abusive 
 talk. The moral to be drawn 
 from the word seems to be that 
 men are far more eloquent in 
 abuse than in praise. 
 
 Syn, Tirade. Effusion, Yarn. In- 
 vective, Abuse. 
 
 Ant. Pith, Epigram. Point. Concinnity. 
 Eulogy. Panegyric. Discussion. Disqai* 
 Bition. Treatise. Essay. 
 
 Dictate, v. tr. Didare, to 
 'pronounce jfor repetition, also for 
 purposes of instruction or com- 
 mand. 
 
 Syn. Prompt, Suggest Enjoin, Com- 
 mand, 
 
 Ant. Follow. Repeat Obey Echo. 
 Amwer. 
 
 Dictation, n. See Dictate. 
 
 Syn. Imperative. Imperious. Domic 
 necring. Arbitrary. 
 
 Ant. Condescending. Affable, Indul- 
 gent, Modest. Uaassuming. Suppliant. 
 Supplicatory. Precatory. Persuasive. In- 
 sinuating. 
 
 Dictatorial, adj. See Dictate. 
 
 Diction, n. Dictio. Dicere, 
 to say or speak. Correct style in 
 writing and speaking. 
 
 Syn. Style. Expression. Rhetoric Gram- 
 mar. 
 
 Ant. Solecism. Provincialism. Mis- 
 pronunciation. 
 
 Didactic, AiBda-Keiv, to teach. 
 
 Syn. Instructive. Directive. Moral. 
 Ant. Unsound. Misinstructive, Er- 
 roneous, Pernicious. Misleading. 
 
 Dh. Scandin. Used physi- 
 cally and analogously of the pro- 
 cess of tending to extinction. 
 
 Syn. Expire, Depart. Perish. Decline. 
 Languish. Wane. Sink, Fade. Decay, 
 Cease. 
 
 Ant. Begin. Originate. Rise. Live. 
 Develope. Grow. Strengthen. Flourish. 
 Luxuriate. Vegetate 
 
 Diet,w. AtWa. A vjayof living, 
 especially with reference to food. 
 Hence food itself, involving, how- 
 ever, the notion of choice or pre- 
 scribed food. It has the tech- 
 nical sense of parliamentary 
 assembly. 
 
 Syn. Food. Victuals. Nourishment. 
 Nutriment. Sustenance. Fare. Cheer, 
 Regimen. 
 
 Ant. Starvation. Fasting. Abstinence. 
 Gluttony, Omnivorousness. 
 
 DiFFKEENCK, n. Differentia. 
 Dis and ferre, to bear, to hear off 
 in contrariant directions. The 
 word is used to express partial 
 and total unlikeness or separa- 
 tion in kind and character. 
 
 Syn. Separation. Destruction. Dissi 
 milarlty. Unlikeness, Disagreement. Dia 
 sonance. Discord. Contrariety. Dissent 
 Estrangement. Variety. 
 
 Ant. Community. Consociation. Con- 
 donation, Similarity. Likeness. Agree- 
 ment, Sympathy. Consonance. Harmony, 
 Consentaneousness. Reconciliation. Uui 
 formity. Identity, 
 
182 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Differentiate, v. ir. See 
 Difference. To enumerate the 
 (lifferentisB or properties where- 
 by one thing is differenced from 
 another of the same class. 
 
 Si'N. Particularize. Individualize. Dis- 
 tinguish. Identify. Verify. Specify. Se- 
 gregate. Disseminate. Fuse. Lump. Mass, 
 
 Ant. Generalize, Classify. Confound. 
 Amalgamate. Confuse. 
 
 Differentiation, n. See Dif- 
 ferentiate. 
 
 Difficult, adj\ Difficilis. Bis 
 tt,nd faeere, to do or make. Un- 
 managexible, or hard to put to- 
 gether in the structure of thought, 
 language, or- operation. 
 
 Stn. Hard. Intricate. Involved. Per- 
 plexing. EnigmaticaL Obscure. Un- 
 manageable. . Unamenable. Reserved. Op- 
 posed. 
 
 Ant. Easy. Plain. Straight. Simple. 
 Liicid. Categorical. Tractable. Amenable. 
 Unreserved. Favourable. 
 
 Difficulty, n. See Difficult. 
 
 Diffident, adj. JJis and 
 fides, distrustful of one's own 
 merits or powers. See Modest. 
 
 Diffuse, ac?y. Diffundere. Dif- 
 fusus, to pour abroad. Said of 
 style of speech. • Copious to a 
 fault, and without energy. 
 
 Stn. Discursive. Prolix. Diluted. 
 Copious. 
 
 Ant. Laconic. Epigrammatic. Terse. 
 Condensed. 
 
 Dig, v. tr. and int. Sax. See 
 Delve. 
 
 Digest, v. tr. Dis and gerere, 
 to hear or carry. To separate 
 carefully into portions, for pur- 
 poses of nutrition, thought, or 
 design. 
 
 Stn. Sort. Arrange. Dispose. Order. 
 Prepare. Assimilate. Incorporate. Con- 
 vert. Methodise. Tabulate. 
 
 Ant. Displace. Confound. Complicate. 
 Derange. Disorder. Discompose. Eject. 
 Refuse. Reject. Disturb. 
 
 DioiflFYj V. tr. Bignus, worthy. 
 
 To treat as worthy of honour ot 
 exaltation. 
 
 Stn. Aggrandize. Elevate. Invest 
 Exalt. Advance. Promote. Honour. 
 
 Ant. Degrade. Disinvest. Humiliate 
 Disgrace. 
 
 DiGBESS, V. int. Bis and gra. 
 dior, gressus, I walk. To de- 
 viate from the line of treatment. 
 See Deviate. 
 
 Dilaceration. a tearing 
 asunder. See Laceration. 
 
 Dilapidation, n. Bis and 
 
 lapis', a sto7ie. The crumbling 
 or faUing of a tenement or edifice, 
 even though it be not constructed 
 of stone. 
 
 Stn. Ruin. Decay. Disintegration. 
 Crumbling. Demolition. Dismantlement. 
 
 Ant. Solidity. Reparation. Integrity. 
 Soundness. Construction. Fabric. Structure 
 
 Dilate, v. tr. and int. Bis' 
 and latus, broad. To stretch into 
 broader dimensions ; also to en- 
 large, rhetorically, upon a point 
 or subject. 
 
 Stn. Stretch. Widen. Expand. Swell. 
 Distend. Enlarge. Descant. Expatiate. 
 ■ Ant. Narrow. Contract. Restrict. Con- 
 strict. Particularize. Dissect Anatomize. 
 Concentrate. Epitomize. Condense. 
 
 Dilatory, adf. Bifferre, di- 
 latus. To put off. 
 
 Stn. Tardy. Procrastinating. Behind- 
 hand. Lagging. Dawdling. 
 
 Ant. Quick. Prompt. Beforehand. 
 Vigilant. Eager. Alert. Ardent. Hasty, 
 Precjpitate. Rash. 
 
 Dilemma, n. At? and y^vhixa, 
 a lemma or thing taken. An 
 argument equally conclusive 
 against the opponent on either 
 of two suppositions. Popularly 
 used for difficulty. 
 
 Stn. Fix, Hobble. Quandary. Doubt 
 Difficulty. Scrape. 
 
 Ant. Extrication. Rebutment. Freedom 
 Advantage. Superiority. Escape. Solutioa 
 Retort. 
 
 DiLIGSNOS, n. Biligentta, 
 diligere^ to love. That activitiy oi 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 133 
 
 ftj^iduity which springs from 
 the love of work or a particular 
 task, hence industry generally. 
 
 Stn. Care. Assiduity. Attention. Heed. 
 Industry. 
 
 Ant. Indifference. Carelessness. Neglect. 
 Inattention. Heedlessness. Desultoriness. 
 Inertness. Idleness. 
 
 Dim, adj. Word of Northern 
 origin. See Obscure. 
 
 Dimension, n. Dis and 
 metiri, to measure. Commonly 
 used in the plural. 
 
 Stn. Measurement. Size. Configura- 
 tion. Delintation. 
 
 Ant. Mismeasurement. Segment. 
 
 Dimidiate, v. tr. Dimidium, 
 half. 
 ' Stn. Halve. Bisect. 
 
 Ant. Unite. Integrate.' 
 
 Diminish, v. tr. Diminiiere, 
 minus. To lessen in size or 
 quantity. 
 
 Stn. Lessen. Reduce. Contract. Cur- 
 tail. Retrench. 
 
 Ant. Increase. Enlarge. Expand. Ex- 
 tend. Amplify. Magnify. 
 
 Diminutive, adj. See Diminish 
 and Small. 
 
 Dimness, n. See Dim and 
 Obscure. 
 f ' Din, n. Iceland, dyn, thunder. 
 Noise, harsh, confused, and con- 
 tinuous. 
 
 Stn. Racket. Clamour. Rattle. Re- 
 sonance. Clangour. Reverberation. 
 
 Ant. Crash. Report. Burst. Explosion. 
 Pop. Bang. 
 
 Dingy, adj. Allied to Dim 
 and Dun. 
 
 Stn. Dull Dusky. Rusty. Dim. 
 Colourless. Obscure. Dead. Sombre. 
 
 Ant. Bright. Burnished. Glossy. High- 
 coloured. Radiant. Luminous. Gleaming. 
 
 Lustrous. 
 
 Dint, w. Saxon, dy7it, a stroke. 
 
 Stn. Agency. Instrumentality. Force. 
 Power. Efficacy. 
 
 Ant. Weakuess. Inoperativeness. In- 
 efficacy. Uselessness. Helplessness, Op- 
 position. Counterforce. 
 
 DiF,'.'.<r. Gothic. *Sre Immerse. 
 
 Dip, -n. The angle of declina- 
 tion below the horizon or any 
 given level. 
 
 Srtr. Declination. Depression. Devexity 
 Slope. 
 
 Ant. Elevation. Ascent. Acclivity 
 Gradient. 
 
 Diplomacy, n. Diploma, cre- 
 dentials, dinXovs, double or folded 
 letters of trust, as distinct from 
 letters patent. The science of 
 international communication. It 
 has degenerated into a lower 
 meaning, representing the arts 
 of diplomacy as merely pruden- 
 tial. 
 
 Stn. Embassage. Ministry. Ambassa- 
 dorship. Representation. Tact. Contri- 
 vance. Management. Negotiation. Out- 
 witting. Circumvention, 
 
 Ant. Cancel. RecaL Conge, iliscon- 
 trivance. Mismanagement. Mal-admini- 
 stration. Over-vaulting. Self-entanglement. 
 Self-defeat. Self-stultitication. 
 
 Diplomatic, adj. See Diplo- 
 macy. 
 
 " " ig. 
 
 dent. Well-managed. Well -contrived. 
 Well-planned. Well-conceived. Sagacious. 
 Ant. injudicious. Bungling. Stultify- 
 ing. Ill-managed. Undiplomatic. 
 
 Dire, adj. Dirus. See Dread- 
 ful. 
 
 Direct, v. Dirigere, dlredus. 
 To rule so as to keep or send on 
 a given line of conduct or duty. 
 See Guide, Command, Instruct. 
 
 Direct, adj. See verb and 
 Straight. 
 
 Direction, n. See Direct, v. 
 
 Stw. Course. Tendency, inclination 
 liine. Control. Command. Bearing. 
 
 Ant. Misdirection. Deviation. Sliscon- 
 trol. Misiustruction. Aberration. 
 
 Directly, adv., of motion 
 and time. 
 
 Stn. Straightly. Straightway. lumie 
 diately. Undeviatingly. 
 
 Ant. Indirectly. By-and-by. Inter 
 veniently. 
 
 Director, n. See Direct. Usod 
 
134 
 
 Synonyms and AnionyiM. 
 
 in the technical sense of a com- 
 mercial director. 
 
 Srw, Ruler. Controller. Manager. 
 Master. Leader. Guide. 
 
 Ant. Body. Company. Institution. 
 Concern. Subordinate. Follower. 
 
 DiRGB, n. A funereal hymn. 
 Said to be from the first word of 
 a Latin psalm, 'Dirige gressus 
 meos,* ' Direct my steps.' It may 
 have been some forgotten hymn. 
 
 Syn. Requiem. Lament. Tlirenody. 
 Elegy. Wake. Coronach. 
 
 Ant. Anthem. Te Deum. Jubilate. 
 
 Dirt. Iceland, drit. Used 
 also metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Foulness, Dung. Filth. Unclean- 
 ness. Meanness. Sordidness. 
 
 A»T. Cleanness. Purity. Ablution. In- 
 tegrity. 
 
 Dirty, adj. See Dirt. 
 
 Disability, n. The depriva- 
 tion of ability (which see), as 
 inability is simply the want of it. 
 
 Syn. Disqualification. Impotency. Un- 
 fitness. Incapacity. Forfeiture. 
 
 Ant. Qualification. Recommendation. 
 Fitness. Deserving. Merit. 
 
 Disabled, adj. See Disability. 
 
 Disabuse, v. tr. Dis and 
 ahuti, to abuse. To rescue a 
 man's mind from that false use 
 of things which comes from false 
 views of them. 
 
 Syn. Undeceive. Inform. Omrect En- 
 lighten. Rectify. 
 
 Ant. Deceive. Mislead. Pr^udice. Pre- 
 possess. Hoodwinls. Inveigle. Stultify. 
 Bamboozle. 
 
 Disadvantage, n. See Ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 Disaffection, n. See Affec- 
 tion. 
 
 Disagreeable, adj. See Agree- 
 able. 
 
 Disagreement, n. See Quar- 
 rel. 
 
 Disallow, v. tr. Set Allow. 
 
 Disannul, v. tr. A stronger 
 form of Annul. 
 
 Disappear, v. int. See Vanish, 
 Disappoint, v. tr. See Ap- 
 point. To cause one to fail of 
 reaching the point at issue, or 
 the point of expectation. This 
 may be done purposely or indi- 
 rectly. Expectations themselves 
 and plans are said to be disap- 
 pointed. 
 
 Syn. Betray. Deceive. Frustrate. Baffle. 
 Delude. Vex. Mortify. 
 
 Ant. Realize. Justify. Verify. Fulfil 
 Encourage. Satisfy. Gratify. 
 
 Disapprobation, n. See Ap- 
 probation, 
 Disarm, v. tr. See Arm. 
 Disarrange, v. tr. See Ar- 
 
 DiSARRAY, V. tr. See Array. 
 
 Disaster, n. Dis and astrum., 
 a star. A misfortune, as of the 
 baleful influence of an evil star. 
 See Calamity, from which it 
 differs, as being more imme- 
 diately connected with man's 
 agency. 
 
 Disavow, v. tr. See Avow and 
 Acknowledge. 
 
 Disband, v. tr. See Muster. 
 
 Disbelief, n. See BeUef. 
 
 Disburden, v. tr. See Bur- 
 den and Load. 
 
 Disburse, v. tr. Dis and 
 bursa, a purse. See Expend. 
 
 Discard, v. tr. Dis and carta, 
 a ploying card. To throw out of 
 the hand as useless. /See Aban- 
 don. 
 
 Discern, v. tr. Discemere, to 
 discern. To see, generally, and, 
 particularly, to see distinctions. 
 
 SiK. Descry. Observe. Recognize. See. 
 Discriminate. Differentiate. Separate. Per- 
 ceive. 
 
 Ant. Overlook. Confound. Misdlscera 
 
Spionyms and Antonyms. 
 
 135 
 
 BiSCKRNiBLB, adj. See Dis- 
 cern. 
 
 St». Visible. Conspicuous. Manifest. 
 Palpable. 
 
 Ant. Invisible. Inconspicuous. Obscure. 
 Indiscernible. Impalpable. Microscopic. 
 Minute. 
 
 Discernment, n. See Discern. 
 Is used of the moral, not of the 
 physical faculty. 
 
 SrN. Discrimination. Farsightedness. 
 Clearsightedness. Penetration. Observa^ 
 tion. Sagacity. 
 
 Ant. Heedlessness. Blindness. Inob- 
 servance. Sliortsightedness. Dulness. 
 Density. Hebetude. 
 
 Discharge, v. tr. See Charge. 
 
 Syn. Libertite. Empty. Dismiss. 
 Ant. Confine. Charge. Detain. 
 
 Disciple. Discere, to learn. 
 
 Syn. Follower. Student. Believer. 
 Votary. 
 
 Ant. Master. Teacher. Leader. Pro- 
 fessor. 
 
 Disciplinarian, n. See Dis- 
 ciple and Discipline. 
 
 Syn. Martinet. Tight liand. 
 . Ant. Sloven. Kingdog. 
 
 Discipline, n. See Disciple. 
 The strict state of a disciple, and 
 the personal coercion to which 
 he is subject. 
 
 Syn. Order. Strictness. Training. Co- 
 ercion. Punishment. Organization. 
 
 Ant. Disorder. Confusion. Rebellion. 
 Mutiny. Encouragement. Reward. Dis- 
 organization. 
 
 Disclaim, v. tr. See Claim. 
 
 Disclose, v. tr. Disdudere, 
 disclusus, claudere, to shut. 
 
 Syn. Discover. Reveal. Confess. De- 
 tect 
 
 Ant. Cover. Conceal. Loclc. Suppress. 
 
 Discolour, v. tr. Color, colour. 
 
 Syn. Daub. Stain. Taint. Disfigure. 
 Ant. Paint. Colour. Embellish, lint 
 Decorate. Illuminate. 
 
 Discomfit, v. tr. Bisconficere. 
 To upset or disconcert a plan, or 
 those who had made it or put it 
 together. See Disconcert. 
 
 Discomfiture, n. See Dis- 
 
 COIDlit. 
 
 Discomfort, n. Set Comfort. 
 
 Syn. Disquiet. Vexation. Annoyance 
 Trouble. Unpleasantness. .As 
 
 Ant. Comfort. Ease. Pleasantness 
 Agreeableness. 
 
 Discommendation, n. See 
 Commendation. 
 Discompose, v. tr. Dis and 
 
 componere, to put together. See 
 Derange. 
 
 Disconcert. Fr. concert, 
 agreement, or harmony of paiis 
 or faculties. So, to disconcert 
 is to throw into confusion a per- 
 son's faculties, or the details ot 
 his plan. 
 
 Stn. Abash. Confuse. Confound, Upset 
 Baffle. Derange. Discompose. Frustrate 
 Discomfit. 
 
 Ant. Encourage. Rally. Countenance 
 Aid. Concert. Concoct. Arrange. Order 
 Prepare. Scheme. Contrive. Hatch. De- 
 sign. 
 
 Disconcerted, adj. See Dis- 
 concert. 
 
 Disconformity, w. See Con- 
 formity. 
 
 DiscoNGRUiTY, 71. See Con- 
 gruous. 
 
 Disconnect, Disconnected, 
 Disconnection. See Connection. 
 
 Disconsolate, adj. See Con- 
 sole and Forlorn. 
 
 Syn. Sad. Forlorn. Melancholy. Un- 
 happy. Desolate. Woful. 
 
 Ant. Joyous. Cheerful. Merry. Happy. 
 Gay. Jovial. Gladsome. Blithe. 
 
 Discontent, n. See Content. 
 
 Discontented, adj. See Con- 
 tented. 
 
 Discontinuancb, n. See Con- 
 tinuance. 
 
 Discontinuity, n. See Con- 
 tinuation. 
 Discord, n. See Concord. 
 Discordance, >^ See Accord 
 
136 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Discountenance, v. tr. See 
 Countenance. 
 
 DiSENTHRONB, V. tr. See En- 
 throne. 
 
 DisoouRAGE, v^ tr. See En- 
 courage. 
 
 Discouragement, n. See En- 
 courage. 
 
 Discourse, n. Discursus, 
 currere^ to run. The running 
 from point to point of conversa- 
 tion or argument, either ad libi- 
 tum or under rule. Conversa- 
 tion or reasoning. See Conver- 
 sation. 
 
 Discourtesy. See Courtesy. 
 
 Discover, v. tr. De couvrir, 
 dis cooperire. To open so as to 
 reveal. It is used actively both 
 of persons and things. 
 
 Syn. Find. Invent. Descry. Detect 
 Betray. Indicate. Manifest. 
 
 Amt. Conceal. Suppress. Represa Miss. 
 lx)se. Overlook. Mask. Cover. Screen, 
 
 Discredit, n. See Credit. 
 
 Discreditable, adj. See Dis- 
 reputable. 
 
 Discreet, adj. See Discern. 
 Que who by tact discerns the 
 right from the wrong and the 
 prudent from the imprudent. 
 
 Syn. Discerning. Wise. Prudent. Re- 
 gulative. Sensible. Judicious. 
 
 Ant. Undiscernlng. Blind. Foolish. 
 Imprudent. Indiscreet. Unrestrained. 
 Reckless, Injudicious. Silly. 
 
 Discrepancy, n. Dis and 
 crepare, to sound. To sound out 
 of tune with something else. 
 
 Syn. Dissonance, Disharmony. Discord. 
 Contrariety. Disagreement. 
 
 Ant, Consonance. Harmony. Aocord- 
 »nce. Agreement, Corraspondence. 
 
 - Discretion, n. See Discreet. 
 Discretional, adj. See Dis- 
 creet. 
 
 Syn. Optional 
 
 J^VT Compulsory Obligatory 
 
 Discrimination, w. DisGtimen, 
 a difference. The faculty of dis- 
 tinguishing difference, with a 
 view to practical knowledge, as 
 Discretion turns upon such 
 matters as involve questions of 
 personal interest and conduct. 
 
 Syw. Penetration, Sagacity, Acuteuess. 
 Nicety. Shrewdness. Discernment. 
 
 Ant, Dulness. Confuseduess. Indift- 
 criminateness. Shortsightedness. Hebetude, 
 Indiscemment. 
 
 Discursive, adj. See Dis- 
 course. Having a tendency to 
 run away from the line of argu- 
 ment. See Consecutive. 
 
 Discuss, v. tr. Discutere, dls- 
 cussus. To shake apart the ele- 
 ments of a thing, so as to sift 
 and investigate them. 
 
 Srw. Debate, Argue. Sift. 
 
 Ant, Mystify. Confound, Obscure, 
 
 Disdain, n. Dis and dUjnus, 
 worthy. A feeling of another's 
 unworthiness in comparison with 
 one's self. 
 
 Syn, Contempt Scorn. Supercilious- 
 ness. 
 
 Ant. Respect. Reverence, Admiratioa 
 Respectfulness. Considerateness, Humility. 
 
 Disdain, v. tr. See noun. 
 
 Disdainful, adj. See Disdain. 
 
 Disease, n. Dis and aise, glad, 
 easy. 
 
 Syn, Complaint, Ailment Malady 
 Sickness. 
 
 Ant. Health, Convalescence. Sanity 
 Salubrity. 
 
 Disembody, v. tr. See Em- 
 body. 
 
 Disenable, v. tr. See Enable. 
 
 Disenchant, v. tr. See En- 
 chant. 
 
 Disencumber, v. tr. See En- 
 cumber. 
 
 Disengage, v. tr. Sec Engage. 
 
 Disentangle, v. tr. See En- 
 tangle. • 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 adj. See En- 
 
 DlSiNTITLED, 
 
 title. 
 DiSESTEBM, n. See Esteem. 
 DiSFAVOUB, n. See Favour. 
 Disfigure, v. tr. Dis and 
 
 figura, shape or figure. See 
 Adorn. 
 
 DiSFKANOHiSB, V. tr. See En- 
 franchise. 
 
 Disgorge, v. tr. See Gorge. 
 
 Disgrace, v. tr. See Dishonour. 
 
 Disgrace, n. See verb. 
 
 Disguise, n. See Guise. 
 
 Disguised, adj. See Guise. 
 
 Disgust, n. Dis and gustare, 
 to taste. A consciousness of con- 
 trariety to one's taste. It is used 
 of moral things rather than phy- 
 sical. 
 
 Stn. Nausea. Loathing. Abomination. 
 Aversion. 
 
 Ant. Desire. Liking. Partiality. Pre- 
 dilection. Relish. Fondness. Longing. 
 Avidit}'. 
 
 Dishearten, v. tr. The Eng- 
 lish form of the French de-riva- 
 tive discourage. See Encourage. 
 
 Dishevel, v. tr. Fr. clieveux, 
 hair, Lat. capillus. To entangle 
 the hair. 
 
 Syn. Disorder. Entangle. Disarrange. 
 Ant. Tire. Dress. Plait. Bind. Weave. 
 Braid. 
 
 Dishonest, adj. See Honest. 
 
 Dishonour, n. See Honour. 
 
 Dishonour, v. See noun. 
 
 Dishonourable, adj. See 
 Honourable. 
 
 DismcLiNE, V. tr., Disin- 
 clined, adj. Ste Incline. 
 
 Disinfect, v. tr., Disinfect- 
 ant, 71. See Infect. 
 
 Disingenuous, adj. See In- 
 genuous. 
 
 
 
 187 
 
 tr. 
 
 See 
 
 In- 
 
 .tr. 
 
 See 
 
 lu- 
 
 See Inter. 
 adj'. See In- 
 
 En- 
 
 Disinherit, v. 
 herit and Disown. 
 
 Disintegrate, i 
 tegrate. 
 
 Disinter, v. tr. 
 
 Disinterested, 
 
 terested and Selfish. 
 
 Disenthral, v. tr. 
 thral. 
 
 Disjoin, v.. Disjointed, adj. 
 See Join and Desultory. 
 
 Dislike, v. tr. See Like. 
 
 Dislocate, v. fr. See Locate. 
 
 Dislodge, v. tr. See Lodge. 
 
 Disloyal, adj. See Loyal. 
 
 Dismal, adj. Originally a 
 noun. 'The dismal,' from the 
 Lat. dies mains, evil day. Uncert. 
 
 Stn. Dreary. Ominous. Foreboding. 
 Lonesome. Cheerless, tfloomy. Sad. De- 
 pressed. Lugubrious. Funereal. Tragic 
 Blank. 
 
 Ant. Gay. Propitious. Promising 
 Cheerful. Lively. Elated. Joyous 
 Laughable. Ridiculous. Comic. 
 
 Dismantle, v. tr. To deprive 
 of the cloak. Thence, generally, 
 of customary furniture, orna- 
 ments, or accompaniments. The 
 name mantle is derived from 
 Mantua, as m il linery from Milan, 
 and perpetuates the memory of 
 the towns of North Italy, as at 
 one time famous for their fabrics. 
 
 Stn. Disrobe. Divest. Denude. De- 
 spoil. Disarm. Strip. 
 
 Ant. Robe. Invest. Drape. Adorn. 
 Arrange. Equip. Endue. 
 
 Dismay, v. tr. Goth, magan, 
 to he strong. Comp. Might and 
 Mighty. To disable by fear. 
 
 Stn. Affright. Astonish. Appal. Terrify 
 Dishearten. Daunt. 
 
 Ant. Encourage. Rally. Inspirit. As- 
 sure. Allure. 
 
 See verh. 
 
 Dismay, n. 
 Dismember, 
 
 V. tr. Memhiuri\ 
 
138 
 
 a limb. To separate one or more 
 limbs or portions from the trunk 
 or body. The body may be a 
 physical or social body. 
 
 Stn. Disintegrate. Disincorporate. D^ 
 truncate. 
 
 Ant. Integrate. Incorporate. Organize. 
 Reorganize. Engraft. 
 
 Dismiss, v. tr. Dis and mittere, 
 missus, to send, 
 
 Syn. Banish. Discard. Abandon. 
 
 Akt. Ketain. Detain. Keep. Main^ 
 lain. 
 
 Dismount, v. inf. Fr. monter, 
 to rise. From mans, mountain, 
 
 Stn. Alight. Descend. 
 Ant. Mount. Start. 
 
 Disobey, v. tr. See Obey. 
 
 Disoblige, Disobliged, Dis- 
 obliging. See Oblige. 
 
 Disorder, n. See Order. 
 
 Disorderly, adj. See Or- 
 derly. 
 
 Disorganize, v. tr. See Or- 
 ganize. 
 
 Disown, v. tr. See Own. 
 
 Disparage, v, tr. Dis and 
 par, equal. Comp. .Eng. Peer. 
 To dishonour by comparison 
 with an inferior; hence, to de- 
 preciate. 
 
 Syn. Depreciate. Decry. Underesti- 
 mate. 
 
 Ant. Extol. liaud. Panegjn-ize. Over- 
 estimate. Exaggerate. 
 
 Disparate, adj. See Dis- 
 parage. 
 
 Stn. Unequal. Different. Ill-assorted. 
 Ill-matched. 
 
 Ant. Equal. C!o-ofdinate. Well-assorted. 
 Well-matched. 
 
 Disp assign, n. See Passion. 
 Dispatch, v. Dispingere. 
 
 Syn. Expedite. Send. Accelerate. 
 Hasten. Execute. Conclude. (Used also 
 In the sense of Kill.) 
 
 Ant. Retard. Detain. Obstruct. Im- 
 pode. 
 
 DlSPSL^ V, tr. 
 io drive. 
 
 Symnijms and Antonyms, 
 
 Disperse. 
 
 Dis and pelkre^ 
 
 Scatt<)r. Drive AWay 
 Dismiss. 
 
 Ant. Collect. Recal. Summon. Con- 
 vene. Congregate. Conglomerate. Mass. 
 Accumulate. 
 
 Dispensation, n. See Dis- 
 pense. A paying out or distri- 
 bution. Applied to the ways 
 and dealings of Providence with 
 the world. It is used of signal 
 steges of the world's rehgious 
 history, and of the history of in- 
 dividuals. It is also used of 
 granting licence of exemption, 
 and of foregoing, when followed 
 by with. 
 
 Syn. Economy. Dealing. Revelation. 
 Distribution. Arrangement. Visitation, 
 Exemption. Immunity. Privilege. Aban- 
 donment. Dismissal, Disuse. Indulgence. 
 
 Ant. Reservation. Injunction. I'rolii- 
 bition. Enforcement Retention. Restriction. 
 
 Dispeople, v. tr. See People. 
 
 Disperse, v. act. and neut. 
 Dispergere, sparger e, sparsus. To 
 scatter. 
 
 Syn. Dispel. Scatter. Disseminate. Se- 
 parate. Break up. Spread abroad. 
 
 Ant. Collect. Summon. Recal, Gather. 
 Concentrate. Meet. 
 
 Dispirit, v. tr. Dis and spi- 
 rit us, the spirit, from spirare, tc 
 breathe. See Encourage. 
 
 Displace, v. tr. See Place. 
 
 Displant, v. tr. See Plant. 
 
 Display, v. tr. DispUcare. To 
 unfold. 
 
 Syn. Show. Exhibit. Unfold. Evi- 
 dence. Evince. Flaunt. Vaunt. Expose. 
 
 Ant. Hide. Conceal. Dissemble. Simu- 
 late. Suppress, Wrap, Cloke. 
 
 Displease, Displeased, Dis- 
 pleasure. See Please and Plea- 
 sure. 
 
 Disport, v. See Sport. 
 
 Dispose, v. tr. Disponere, po- 
 situs. To place about in order. 
 See Arrange and Incline. 
 
 Disposition, n. . See Dispose, 
 Arrange, and Character. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 139 
 
 Dlsi'osBEss, V. tr. See Possess. 
 
 Dispraise, n. See Praise. 
 
 DispREAD, adj. See Spread. 
 
 DisPRizE, V. tr. See Prize. 
 
 Disprove, v., Disproof, n. 
 See Prove and Proof. 
 
 Disproportion, n. See Pro- 
 portion. 
 
 Disputant, n. Disputare, to 
 dispute. 
 
 Syn. Litigant. Competitor. Claimant 
 
 Ant. Partner. Auxiliary. Advocate. 
 
 Disputatious, adj. See Dis- 
 putant, 
 
 Stn. Litigious. Argumentative. Can- 
 tankerous. Quarrelsome. Querulous. 
 
 Ant. Conciliatory. Unquarrelsome. In- 
 querulous. 
 
 Dispute, v. tr. and int. See 
 Disputant. 
 
 Syn. Argue. Question. Canvass. Con- 
 test. Contend. Challenge. 
 
 Ant. Waive. Concede. Allow. Forego. 
 
 Disqualify, v. tr. See Qualify. 
 Disquiet, n. See Quiet. 
 Disquietude, n. See Quiet. 
 
 Syn. Anxiety. Solicitude. Uneasiness, 
 Embarrassment. Apprehension. Agitation. 
 Disturbance. Commotion. Dissatisfaction. 
 
 Ant. Peace. Pacification, Assurance. 
 Calmness. Confidence. Contentment. Ac- 
 quiescence. 
 
 Disquisition, n. Disquirere. 
 A sifting examination of a sub- 
 ject in Words. 
 
 Syn. Essay. Treatise, Discussion. Dis- 
 sertation. 
 
 Ant. Effusion. Tirade. Diatribe. Rho- 
 domontade. Blarney. 
 
 Disregard, n. See Eegard. 
 
 Disrelish, n. See Relish. 
 
 Disreputable, adj., Disbb- 
 pute, n. See Reputable. 
 
 Disrespect, n. See Respect. 
 
 Disrobe, v. tr. See Dis- 
 mantle. 
 
 Disruption, n. Disrumpere, 
 ruptus, A breaking up. 
 
 Stn. Disintegration. Discord. Separa- 
 tion. Alienation. Hostility. 
 
 Ant. Union. Amalgamation. Kecun. 
 ciliation. 
 
 Dissatisfaction, n. See Satis- 
 faction. 
 
 Dissect, v. tr. Dissecare, part, 
 sectus. Comp. Section, To cut 
 up into pieces, with the impUed 
 object of invei^igation. 
 
 Stn, Anatomize, Scrutinize. Investi- 
 gate. 
 
 Ant. Grasp. Comprehend. Slur. Skim. 
 Unite. Integrate. Organize. Compomid 
 Collocate, Coiyoin, Confound, 
 
 Dissemble, v. tr. DissimuloA'e. 
 To conceal, as Simulate is to as- 
 sume a character or feelings, 
 
 Stn. Disguise. Conceal. Repress 
 Smother. Restrain. Cloke. 
 
 Ant, Exhibit. Manifest, Protrudo 
 Vaunt. Pretend. Simulate. Feign, As- 
 sume, Expose. Profess, Proclaim, 
 
 Dissembler, n. See Dis- 
 semble, 
 
 Stn, Feigner. Hypocrite, DisguLser. 
 Suppressor. Concealer. 
 
 Ant. Exhibitor, Vaunter, Pretender, 
 Simulator. 
 
 Disseminate, v. tr. Dis and 
 semen, seed. To throw about 
 like seed, in order that it may 
 take root. 
 
 Sy». Spread. Propagate. Preach. Pi-o- 
 claim. Publish. Promulgate. 
 
 Ant. Repress. Suppress. Stifle, Dis- 
 countenance, Extirpate. Eradicate. 
 
 Dissent, v. int. See Assent 
 and Consent. 
 
 Dissent, n. See verb. 
 
 Dissertation, n. Dis and 
 
 serere, to weave, sertum, a wreath. 
 A woven, that is, carefully pre- 
 pared discourse on a given sub- 
 ject. See Disquisition. 
 
 Disservice, w. See Service. 
 Dissever, v. tr. See Sever. 
 
 DiSSlDENCE, n. Dissidere. To 
 sit apart or differ. See Agree. 
 
140 
 
 ISynonprtis and Antonyms. 
 
 DissiLlKNOE, n. Dis and 
 
 salire, to leap. A tendency to 
 
 jmnp apart, from physical or 
 moral repugnance. 
 
 Stn. Avoidance. E«palsiou. Aversion. 
 Dislike. Interrepugnance. Antipathy. 
 
 Ant. Approach. Attraction. Appetency. 
 Desire. Affection. Sympathy. Interest. 
 
 DissmiLAB, adj. Set Similar. 
 
 Dissimilitude,^?*, ^ee Simili- 
 tude. 
 
 Dissimulate, v. tr. See Dis- 
 semble. 
 
 Dissipate, v. tr. Dissipare, 
 from an obsolete verb, sipare, or 
 supare, to throw. To throw 
 about. 
 
 Syii. Scatter. Squander. 
 Ant. Collect. Hoard. 
 
 Dissocial, adj. See Social. 
 
 Dissociate, v. tr., Dissocia- 
 tion, n. See Associate and Sever. 
 
 Dissolute, adj. Solutus. 
 Loosed from restraint. 
 
 Stn. Abandoned. Profligate. Loose. 
 Licentious. 
 
 Ant. Upright. Conscientious. Strict. 
 Self-controlled. Correct. 
 
 Dissoluteness, n. See Disso- 
 lute. 
 
 Dissolution, n. See Dissolute. 
 The natural decay and decom- 
 position of bodies. See Decom- 
 position. 
 
 Dissolve, v. tr. Dissdvere. 
 To melt. See Melt and Consoli- 
 date. 
 
 Dissonance, n. Dis and sonus, 
 a sound. See Consonance. 
 
 Dissuade, v. tr. See Persuade. 
 
 Distance, n. Diftantia, dis- 
 tare, to stand apart. 
 
 Syn. Interval. Removal. Separation. 
 Interspace. Remoteness, Absence. 
 
 Ant. Proximity. Nearness. Ac^acency. 
 iVmtiguity. Neighbourhood. Propinquity. 
 Loutact. I'rebence. 
 
 Distant, 
 
 Stn. Far. 
 Asunder. 
 
 Ant. Close, 
 tiguous. 
 
 Distaste, n. 
 Distasteful 
 
 ac^. See Distance. 
 Remote. AJaof. Apart 
 
 Near. Adjacent. Cot- 
 
 See Taste. 
 adj. See Taste. 
 
 Distemper, n. Dis and tern- 
 perare, to moderate. An irre- 
 gular or disordered state of lx)dy. 
 It has also the peculiar meanin§^ 
 of fresco colouring. 
 
 Stn. Disorder. Disease. Ailment. 
 Ant. Health. Sanity. Vigour. Conva- 
 lescence. 
 
 Distend, v. tr. Distendere. 
 To stretch. See Dilate. 
 
 Distil, v. tr. and i7it. Dis- 
 tillare, stilla, a drop. 
 
 Syn. Drop. Emanate. , Drip. JPercolate. 
 
 Emanate, 
 Ant. Absorb. 
 Hold. 
 
 se. Retain. Suck. 
 
 See Distin- 
 
 DlSTINCT, adj. 
 guish. 
 
 Stn. Separate. Independent. Uncon- 
 nected. Detached. Disjoined. Clear. Con- 
 spicuous. Plain. Perspicuous. 
 
 Ant. United. Consolidated. Conjoined. 
 One. Obscure. Dim. Confused. Indistinct. 
 
 Distinction, n. See Distin- 
 guish. 
 
 Stn. Difference. Separation. Dignity. 
 Eminence. 
 
 Ant. Unity. Identity. Debasement. 
 Insignificance. Degradation. 
 
 Distinctness, n. See Distin- 
 guish. 
 
 Syn. Clearness. Plainness. Conspicuous- 
 ness. Perspicuity. 
 
 Ant. Confusion. Indistinctness. Hazi- 
 ness. 
 
 Distinguish, v. tr. Distin- 
 guere, stinctus, to distinguish. 
 
 Stn. Discern. Descry. Discover. Sepa- 
 rate. Divide. Dissimilate. Differentiate. 
 
 Ant. Miss. Overlook. Confound. Con- 
 fuse. 
 
 Distinguishable, adj. See 
 Distinguish. 
 
 Distortion, n. Distorguere, 
 distortus. To twist out of shape. 
 See Detortion and Perversion. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 111 
 
 DiSTEACT, V. t)\ Distrahere, 
 fractus. To draw in different 
 directions. Commonly used 
 metaphorically of the senses or 
 mind. 
 
 Stn. Divide. Dissipate. Dissever. Dis- 
 concert. Discompose. Perplex. Bewilder, 
 Convulse. 
 
 Ant. Unite. Fix. Concentrate. Collect. 
 Compose. 
 
 Distraction, n. See Distract. 
 
 Stn. Inattention. Madness. Absence. 
 % Ant. Attention. Composure. 
 
 Distress, v. tr. Distringere. 
 To pull or pluck different ways. 
 
 Syn. Harass. Embarrass. Trouble. 
 Grieve. Annoy. Vex. Mortify. Afflict. 
 Worry. 
 
 Ant. Soothe. Compose. Please. Gratify. 
 Gladden. Console. Elate, Comfort. 
 
 Distress, n. See verb. 
 
 Distribute, v. tr. JDistribuere, 
 trihutus, to distribute. See Dis- 
 pense. 
 
 Distrust, n. See Trust. 
 
 Disturb, v. tr. Disturbare, 
 tnrba, a crowd. Comp. Turbu- 
 lent. 
 
 SvN. Derange. Discompose. Disorder. 
 Confuse. Rouse, Agitate. Annoy, Trouble. 
 Interrupt Incommode. Worry. Vex. 
 Molest. Disquiet. 
 
 Ant. Order. Collocate. Arrange. Pacify, 
 fcotiie. Quiet. Compose. Leave. 
 
 Disunion, n. See Union. 
 Disuse, n. See Use and De- 
 suetude. 
 
 Divarication, n. Dis and 
 varus, bow-legged. 
 
 Syn. Deviation. Divergence. Digres- 
 sion. Diversion. 
 
 Ant. Continuity. Rectilinearity. Di- 
 rectness. Prolongation. 
 
 Diversion, n. Dis and vertere. 
 A turning away from a given 
 line of movement or occupation, 
 especially for amusement's sake. 
 
 Stn. Detour. Divergence. Deviation. 
 R^jcreation. Amusement. Pastime. 
 
 Ant. Continuity. Directness. Pro- 
 cedure. Business. Task. Work. Study. 
 Labour. Avocation, 
 
 Diversify, v. tr. Diversus^ 
 different, andfacere, to make. 
 
 Syn, Vary, Alter. Change. Modify, 
 Variegate. 
 
 Ant. Conserve, Prosecute. Stabilitate. 
 Settle. Fix. Stereotype. Crystallize. Arrest. 
 
 Diversity, n. See Diversify. 
 
 Syn. Difference. Dissimilarity. Varia- 
 tion. Multiformity. Heterogeneousness 
 Distonance. 
 
 Ant. Similarity. Identity. Uniformity 
 Homogeneousness. Co-ordination. Coinci- 
 dence. Consonance. 
 
 Divert, v. tr. See Diversion. 
 
 Syn. Alter. Change. Deflect. Alienate. 
 Ant. Continue. Prosecute. Prolong 
 Produce. Restrict. Confine. 
 
 Divest, v. tr. Dis and vestire, 
 vestis, to clothe. Comp. Vest, 
 Vestment, and Vesture. Used 
 literally and metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Dismantle. Denude. Strip. Dis- 
 robe. Unclothe, Disencumber, Deprive. 
 
 Ant, Clothe. Itobe. Invest. Shroud 
 Elnvelope, Encumber, Indue. 
 
 Divide, v. tr. Dividere. To 
 separate into two or more equal 
 or unequal parts. 
 
 Syn, Separate. Dissect. Bisect, Por 
 tion. Part. Divorce. Segregate. Multiply. 
 
 Ant. Unite. Collocate. Classify. Con- 
 vene. Congregate. Conglomerate. Con- 
 giutinate. Commingle. Join. Consociate. 
 Co-ordinate. 
 
 Divination, n. Divinus, di- 
 vine. To foretell the future by 
 the aid of things considered di- 
 vine, such as auguries, &c., or to 
 arrive at knowledge by such 
 means. 
 
 Sra. Prediction. Sorcery. Magic, Witch- 
 craft, Augury. Omens. 
 
 Akt. Instruction. Information. Study. 
 Investigation. Learning. 
 
 Division, n. See Divide. 
 
 Divorce, v. tr. Divortium, 
 from divertere. To tear away or 
 alienate from a certain connec- 
 tion or use. 
 
 Sr». Separate. Discomiect. Dissever 
 Divert, Alienate. 
 
 A»T. Copjoin. Unite. Connect Apply 
 Reconcile. Reunite. 
 
 DivORCm, n. See verb. 
 
142 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Divulge, v. tr. Dis and vidgus, 
 the people. To make matter of 
 public knowledge. By usage 
 employed, not as promulge, but 
 of something which had been 
 hitherto kept secret. See Con- 
 ceal. 
 
 Do, V. tr. and int. Saxon. In 
 the sense of fare. 
 
 Sin. Work. Act. Enact Perform. 
 Produce. Complete. 
 
 Ant. Undo. Mar, Neglect. Omit. 
 
 Docile, adj. Docilis, docere, to 
 teach. Easily taught or per- 
 suaded. 
 
 Syn. Compliant. Amenable Tractable. 
 Teachable. Tame. 
 
 Ant. Intractable. Stubborn. Obstinate. 
 Self willed. Dogged. 
 
 Dock. Der. uncertain. 
 
 Syn. Curtail. Lop. Abbreviate. Prune. 
 Ant. Grow. Elongate. Nourish. Pro- 
 long. Train. Coax. 
 
 Docked, adj. See Dock. 
 Doctrinal, adf. See Doctrine. 
 
 Syn. Didactic. Catechetical, Theo- 
 iogical. 
 
 Ant. Practical. Operative. 
 
 DoCTElNE, n. Dodrina, docere, 
 to teach. Something systemati- 
 cally held or taught as true. 
 
 Syn, Tenet. Article. Belief, Creed. 
 Dogma, Teaching. 
 
 Ant. Practice. Operation. Duty. Con- 
 duct. Action. 
 
 Dodge, v. Possibly a form of 
 to dog, as, to dog the steps. See 
 Baifle. 
 
 Dodge, n. See verb and Arti- 
 fice. 
 
 Doer, n. See Do. 
 
 Syn, Agent, Actor. Performer, Origi- 
 nator. Perpetrator. Maker, 
 
 Ant. Undoer. Preventer. Hinderer. 
 Baffler. Neutralizer, Marrer, 
 
 Dog, y. tr. From the habit of 
 a dog to follow. 
 
 Syn, Follow. Trace. Track. Pursue. 
 Hannt, 
 
 Ant. Elude. Baffle. Avoid. Escape. 
 
 Dogged, adj. See aboTo. 
 
 Syn. Obstinate. Morose. Sullen, lev 
 practicable. Prejudiced. 
 
 Ant. Docile, Genial. Agreeable. Con- 
 ciliatory. Easy. Indulgent. Liberal. Com* 
 plaisant 
 
 Dogma. AokcIv, to seem fit. 
 That which has seemed tit to 
 authorities to propound as truth. 
 See Doctrine. 
 
 Dogmatic, adj'. See Dogma. 
 Used to express not only the 
 promulgation of doctrine or 
 dogma, but the imperious way 
 of doing it. 
 
 Syn. Doctrinal. Theological. Imperious, 
 Dictatorial. Self-opinioned. Positive. 
 
 Ant. Practical Active. Moderate. 
 Modest, DifBdent. Vacillating, 
 
 Dole, v. tr. Conn, with Deal, 
 Used sometimes of scanty dis- 
 tribution in particular. 
 
 Syn. Deal. Distribute. Dispense. PJke 
 Ant. Withhold. Refuse. Pour forth 
 Lavish, 
 
 Dole, n. See verh. 
 
 Syn. Pittance. Alms. Charity. 
 
 Ant. Profusion. Bounty. Benefaction, 
 
 Doleful, adj. Dole, from 
 dolere, to grieve. 
 
 Syn. Dolorous. Rueful. Woebegone. 
 Dismal, 
 
 Ajjt. Merry, Joyful, Gay. Blithe. 
 Beaming, 
 
 Dolorous, adj. See Doleful. 
 Dolt, n. Sax. 
 
 Syn, Numskull. Ignoramus. Dunce 
 
 Dullard. Ass. 
 
 Ant, Savant. Genius, Philf^sopher 
 
 Scholar. Luminary, 
 
 Doltish, adj. See Dolt. 
 
 Syn. Stolid. Jolterheaded. Thick- 
 skulled. 
 
 Ant. Quick, Sharp. Acute. Long- 
 headed. 
 
 Domain, n. Lat. domijiio, 
 dominus. Comp. Dominion. An 
 estate of a lord of the soil. 
 
 Stk, Estate. Lordship, Territory. In- 
 closure 
 
 Akt. Waste. Wildemeos. Wild. 
 
 DoKKSTIO, adj. Domus, t 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 143 
 
 house. Attached to home or a 
 house. 
 
 SvN. Dombiliary. Piivate. 
 Ant. Foreign. Public. 
 
 Domesticate, v. tr. See Do- 
 mestication. 
 
 Domestication, w. See Do- 
 mestic. The settlement in a 
 home; or, actively, the placing 
 in a home. 
 
 Syn. Settlement Colonization. Locali- 
 itation. Taming. 
 
 Ant. Dissettleraent. Displacement. Dis- 
 lodgment. injection. Deportation. Exile. 
 Dispeoplement. 
 
 Domicile, n. Domus, a house, 
 domicilium. A place of settle- 
 ment or residence. 
 
 Stn. Residence. Abode. Settlement. 
 Home. 
 
 Ant. Estrangement. Migration. Home- 
 lessness. Houselessness. Wilderness. Wild. 
 World. 
 
 Domiciliary, adj. See Domi- 
 cile and Domestic. 
 Dominance, n. See Domain. 
 
 Syn. Lordship. Mastery. Superiority. 
 Preponderance. Prevalerje. 
 
 Ant. Inferiority. Subjection. Servi- 
 tude. Weakness. Inprevalence. Minority. 
 
 Dominant, adj. See Domi- 
 nance. 
 
 Domination, n. See Domi- 
 nance. The manifestation of 
 dominance. 
 
 Domineer, v. int. See Domi- 
 nance. Followed by over, and 
 referring to persons. 
 
 Syn. Lord. Tyrannize. Assume. Usurp. 
 Ant. Submit. Succumb. Defer. Yield. 
 Bow. Patronize. 
 
 Dominion, n. See Domain. 
 Used for the power, exercise, and 
 possession of lordship. 
 
 Syn. Power. Authority. Rule. Tyranny. 
 Despotism. Government. Control. Empire. 
 Territory. Jurisdiction. 
 
 Ant. Weakness. Submission. Subjuga- 
 tion. Inferiority. Servitude. * 
 
 Don, v. tr. Do on. 
 
 Stk. Assume. Wear. 
 4¥T. Doff, Cast 
 
 Donation, n. JDonare, to give. 
 See Presentation and Gift. 
 
 Doom, n. From deem, to 
 judge. The passing of judgment. 
 The judgment or fate that awaits 
 one, with an implied unfavour- 
 able or condemnatory issue. 
 
 Stn. Judgment. Fate. Sentence. Ver- 
 dict. Condemnation. 
 
 Ant, Liberation. Respite. Escape. 
 Pardon. Acquittal. Approval. 
 
 Dormant, adj. Dormire, to 
 
 Syn. Sleeping. Slumbering. Latent. 
 Undeveloped. Quiescent. Inert. 
 
 Ant. Vigilant. Wak^ul. Active. Opera- 
 tive. Developed. PJnergetic. 
 
 Dotage, n. Dote, written also 
 Doat. Dutch, dutten. 
 
 Syn. Imbecility. Senility. Fatuity 
 Dementedness. 
 
 Ant. Intelligence. Acuteness. Judg- 
 ment. Penetration. Vigour. 
 
 Doubt, n. Dubietas, duhiua, 
 duo, two. Uncertainty of judg- 
 ment ; that is, as to the negative 
 or affirmative proposition. It 
 applies both to the feeling of 
 doubt and the matter of doubt. 
 
 Syn. Dubiousness. Dubitation. Uncer- 
 tainty. Ambiguity. Difficulty. Indecision. 
 
 Ajtt. Certainty. Clearness. Precision. 
 Determination. Decision. Conviction. 
 
 Satisfaction. 
 
 Doubt, v. See noun. 
 
 Syn. Dubitate. Hesitate. Vacillate. 
 
 Waver. Demur. 
 
 Ajjt. Decide. Determine. Resolve. 
 Assent. 
 
 Doubtful, adj. See Doubt. 
 Doubtless, adv. See Doubt. 
 
 Syn. Certainly, Clearly. Precisely. In- 
 disputably, 
 
 Ant, Perhaps, Probably. Possibly, 
 
 Doughty, adj. Sax. dohtig. 
 Brave or useful. Seldom now 
 used but in burlesque. 
 
 Syn, Redoubted, Redoubtable. 
 Ant. Craven, Puny. 
 
 Dowdy, adj. Prov. Eng. doicd, 
 flat. Conn, probably with. Dead. 
 
144 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Sin. Dull. Shabby. Common. Rain. 
 Homely. Dingy. Scrubby. 
 
 Ant. Stylish. Drossy. Gay. Modish. 
 Gorgeous. Dandified. Tawdry. 
 
 Downfall, n. See Fall. 
 
 Downright, adj. See Abso- 
 lute. 
 
 Downwards, ac?v. Down. Sax. 
 dune. Comp. English Downs, 
 undulating declivities. 
 
 Stk. Below. Beneath. Adown. 
 Ant. Upwards. Aloft. 
 
 Draft, n. From trahere, 
 to dvaw. A thing drawn. 
 
 Stn. Copy. Transfer. Transcript. 
 Sketch. Abstract. Order. Check. 
 Ant. OriginaL Deed. Cash. 
 
 Draft, v. See noun. 
 Stn. Draw. Drain. Exhatist. 
 Ant. Supply. Replenish. Import. 
 
 Drag. See Draft. 
 
 Stn. Draw. PulL HauL 
 Ant. Carry. Convey. Push. Propel. 
 Raise. Heave. 
 
 Drain, act. and neut. Saxon. 
 To draw off or drop away by 
 slow degrees. 
 
 Stk. Draw. Strain. Drip. Percolate. 
 Drop. Exhaust. Empty. Dry. 
 
 Ant. Replenish. FilL Supply. Pour. 
 Moisten. Drown. Inundate. Drench. 
 Swill. 
 
 Draught, n. Trahere, to draw, 
 whence draw. See Drag. A 
 word of many applications. 
 
 Stn. Drink. Traction. Breeze. Check. 
 Ant. Drought. Burden. Non-ventila- 
 tion. Deposit. 
 
 Draw, v. tr. See Drag. 
 
 Stn, Drag. Pull. Attract. Induce. 
 Ant. Push. Carry. Propel. Throw. 
 Repel. Drive. Compel ImpeL Thrust. 
 
 Drawback, n. See Detriment. 
 
 Drawl, v. int. Dutch, drdlen, 
 to linger. To speak with a 
 tedious mode of utterance from 
 want of interest or from affecta- 
 tion. 
 
 Stn. Drag. Lag. Drone. 
 Ant. Gabble. RatUe. Prattle. 
 
 Dread, n. Sax. drasdan, tc 
 jear greatly. 
 
 Sin. Fear. Shuddering. Terror, llontu 
 Alarm. Intimidation. 
 
 Ant. Courage. Confidence. Welcome 
 Assurance. 
 
 Dreadful, adj. See Dread. 
 
 Stn. Fearful. Terrific. Horrible. 
 Alarming. Awful. 
 
 Ant. Encouraging. Inspiriting. As- 
 suring. Promising. Hopeful. 
 
 Drbam, n. Probably conn, 
 
 with dormire, to sleep. Used 
 
 analogously in the wider sense 
 of the following — 
 
 Stn. Trance. Vision. Fancy. Reverie 
 Hallucination. Romance. 
 
 Ant. Fact. Reality. Substance. Verity 
 Realization. 
 
 Dreamy, adj. See Dream. 
 
 Stn. Fanciful. Visionary. Speculative. 
 Abstracted. Absent. Foggy. 
 
 Ant. Collected. Earnest. Attentive. 
 Awake. Active. Energetic. Practical 
 
 Dreary, adj. Germ, traurig, 
 sad. See Dismal. 
 
 Dregs, n. Germ, dreck, dirt. 
 
 Syn. Refuse. Sediment. OfFal. Leea. 
 Offscouring. Dross. Trash. 
 
 Ant. Cream. Flower. Pink. Pickings. 
 Bouquet. Sample. 
 
 Drench, v. tr. Conn, with 
 Drink. 
 
 Syn. Wash. Inundate. Soak. Shower 
 Drown. 
 
 Ant. Drain. Strain. Sponge. Mop 
 Dry. Exsiccate. 
 
 Drenched, adj. See Drench. 
 
 Dress, n. Fr. dresser. It 
 drizzare, to make straight. Comp. 
 Direct and Address. 
 
 Stn. Garniture. Preparation. Arrange- 
 ment Clothing. Habiliments. Accoutre- 
 ments. Vestments. Uniform. Livery. 
 Costume. Garb. Investiture. 
 
 Ant. Nudity. Disorder. Disarrange' 
 ment. Undress. Deshabille. 
 
 Driblet, n. Dribble. Conn, 
 with Drip and Drop. A scanty 
 instalment of a forthcoming por- 
 tion. 
 
 Stn. Drop. Dole. Instalment. Scrap 
 Morsel. Bit. Particle. 
 I Ant. TotaL Whole. Aggregate. Mass 
 ' Body. Bulk. Entirety. Sum. 
 
 Drift, v. int. Sax. drif. Ex* 
 
Synonyms and Antonyim. 
 
 145 
 
 presses the process of uniform 
 motion, but not the effect of 
 volition. 
 
 Stn. Drive. Bear. Wander. Edge. 
 Float. 
 
 Ant. Steer. Speed. Course, Make. 
 Aim. 
 
 Drift, n. See verb. Used 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Tendency. Direction. Motion, 
 fenour. Meaning. Purport. Object. In- 
 tention. Purpose. Scope. Aim. Result. 
 Issue. Inference. Conclusion. End. 
 
 Akt. Aimlessness. Pointlessness. Vague- 
 ness. Unmeaningness. Indefiniteness. Con- 
 fused ness. Aberrancy. 
 
 Drill, v. tr: Sax. Conn, 
 with Through and Thrill. To 
 pierce a hole or run a groove; 
 from the latter, to arrange in 
 lines for exercise. 
 
 Stn. Teach. Exercise. Train. Ordi- 
 nate. Discipline. 
 
 Ant. Confuse. Disarrange. Disorder. 
 Misinstruct. Miseducate. Dishabituate. 
 
 Drink, v. tr. Sax. drincan. 
 
 Stn. Imbibe. Swallow. Absorb. Drain. 
 Draught. 
 
 Ant. Disgorge. Replenish. Pour. 
 Exude. \Vater. Moisten. 
 
 Drip. Sax. dripan. 
 
 Syn. Drop. Ooze. Percolate. 
 Ant. Imbibe. Swallow. Absorb. Suck. 
 Dry. Retain. Hold. 
 
 Drive. Sax. drifan. 
 
 Stn. See Draw. 
 
 Drivel, n. Form of Dribble. 
 Saliva flowing from the mouth, 
 as in dotage or idiotcy. Applied 
 to fatuitous speech. 
 
 Syn. Fatuity. Nonsense. Trifling. 
 Snivel. Babble. 
 
 Ant. Soundness. Coherence. Substance. 
 Solidity. 
 
 Driveller, n. See Drivel. 
 
 Syn. Idiot. Babbler. Dotard. 
 Ant. Speaker. Debater. JjOgician. 
 Orator. 
 
 Droll, adj. Fr. drole, a short 
 fat man. One whimsically 
 punchy. 
 
 Syn. >Vhimsical. Comical. Funny. 
 Comic, f antastic. Farcical. 
 
 Aht. Sad. Lamentable. Tragic. Lu- 
 Subrioos. Funereal. 
 
 Drollery, n. See Droll. 
 
 Syn. Fun. Whiniiisality. Comicality 
 Trickery. Buffoonery. 
 
 Ant. Gravity. Dismality. Ruefuhiess 
 Priggishness. Starch. Lugubriousness. 
 
 Drone, v. int. See Drawl. 
 Droop, v. tr. and int. Scand. 
 
 Stn. Sink. Flag. Decline. Pine. Lan- 
 guish. Drop. Bend. Incurve. 
 
 Ant. Revive. Flourish. Luxuriate 
 Prosper. Rally. Raise. 
 
 Drop, v. int. Conn, with Drip 
 and Droop. 
 
 Syn. Ooze. Emanate. Distil. Percolate. 
 Fall. Decline. Descend. Faint. Droop. 
 
 Ant. Evaporate. Rally. Rise. Soar. 
 Ascend. Recover. 
 
 Dross. A. Sax. dreosan, tofaJl. 
 That which falls away, as the 
 refuse. Comp. Trash. 
 
 Syn. See Cream. 
 
 Drought, n. Spelt also 
 Drouth. Conn, with Dry. 
 
 Stn. Dryness. Aridity. Parching. 
 Thirst. 
 
 Ant. Moisture. Refreshment. Dew. 
 Deluge. Slaking. Quenching. Watering. 
 Irrigation. 
 
 Drown. Sax. Conn, with 
 Drink and Drench. 
 
 Stn. Sink. Immerse. Swamp. Sub- 
 merge. 
 
 Ant. Dry. Drain. Expose. Air. Venti- 
 late 
 
 Drowsy. Sax. drusian, to fall. 
 
 Syn. Heavy. Drooping. Sleepy. Som- 
 nolent. 
 
 Ant. Light. Vigilant. Alert. Awake. 
 
 Drudge. Conn, with Drag. 
 To drag through low or menial 
 work, or any work with diffi- 
 culty. 
 
 Syn. Slave. Labour. Plod. 
 Ant. Bask. Luxuriate. Hit off. Play. 
 Dally. 
 
 Drug. Conn, with Dry. A 
 dried substance for medicine. 
 Metaphorically, a valueless thing, 
 like a dead leaf. See Cipher. 
 
 Dry, v. Sax. drygan. 
 
 Stn. Drain. Parch. 
 
 Ant. Drench. Moisten. Wet. 
 
lU 
 
 Synonyms and ArUonpM. 
 
 Dry, adj. See verb. Used 
 also metaphorically, as, wanting 
 life or interest. 
 
 Stk. Arid. Parched. Molstureless. 
 •Jolceless. Lifeless. Dull. Tedious. Un- 
 interesting. Monotonous. 
 
 Ant. Moist. Fresh. Juicy. Lively. 
 Entertaining. 
 
 It has also the peculiar sense 
 of humorous. See Humour. 
 
 Dubious, adj., Dubitation, n. 
 See Doubt. 
 
 Ductile, adj. Ductilis, from 
 duco, to lead or draw. Physically, 
 that may be easily drawn out; 
 morally, one who may be easily 
 persuaded. 
 
 Stn. Malleable. Extensible. Tractile. 
 Tractable. Docile. Irresolute. Ductile. 
 
 Ant. Inelastic. Inflexible. Tough. 
 Obdurate. Resolute. Firm. Obstinate. 
 
 Dudgeon, n. Welsh, dygen, 
 anger. 
 
 Stn. Indignation. Spleen. Resentment. 
 Umbrage. 
 
 Ant. Complacency. Contentment. 
 Serenity. Satisfaction. 
 
 Due, adj. Debitus, debere, to 
 owe. 
 
 SrN. Owing. Attributable. Just. Fair. 
 Proper. Obligatory. 
 
 Ant. Irrelative. Unattributable. Inde- 
 pendent. Undue. Unfair. Improper. Ex- 
 travagant Deficient. 
 
 Dulcet, adj. Dulcis, sweet. 
 Especially used of sound. 
 
 Syn. Sweet. Soothing. Melodious. 
 Soft. Warbling. Euphonious. 
 
 Ant. Harsh. Grating. Discordant. 
 Noisy. Clamorous. Dissonant. Rancour. 
 Cacophonous. 
 
 Dulcify, v., Dulcorate, v. 
 See Sweeten. 
 
 Dull, adj. Sax. , dol, foolish. 
 Comp. Dolt, Used first of the 
 mind, and thence transferred to 
 sensible objects. 
 
 Syn. Stnpld. stolid. Doltish. Insen- 
 sible. Callous. Heavy. Gloomy. Dismal. 
 (Cloudy. Turbid. Opaque. Dowdy. Com- 
 monplace. Dead. Matt. 
 
 A»T. Sharp. Clever. Lively. Anl- 
 nut«d. Sensible. Cheerful. Exhilarating. 
 tkl^t. lYansparent. Brilliant. Burnidied. 
 
 Dullard, n. See Dall attd 
 Blockhead. 
 
 DUMBFOUNDER, V. tr Sax. 
 dumb, and founder, to sink, from 
 fundus, tJie deep. Comp. Pro- 
 found. To sink into speechless 
 astonishment. See Astonish. 
 
 Dunce, n. From Duns Scotus, 
 a learned schoolman, whose 
 name became a byword when 
 scholastic learning fell into dis- 
 repute. 
 
 Stn. See Blockhead. 
 
 Dupe, n. Fr. dupe, a foolish 
 bird. Comp. Gull and Booby. 
 To cheat. See Cheat. 
 
 Duplicity, n. Duplex, double. 
 Double-dealing. See Artful. 
 
 Durable, adj. Durare, to last ; 
 durus, hard. 
 
 Syn. Lasting. Permanent. Stable. Per- 
 sistent. 
 
 Ant. Evanescent- Transient Impei. 
 manent Unstable. 
 
 Durance, n. See Endure. 
 
 Syn, Confinement Incarceration. Im. 
 prisonment 
 
 Ant. Liberty. Largeness. 
 
 Duration, n. See Durable. 
 Applied to time, to express a 
 portion of it, in reference to an 
 event or series of events, 
 
 Syn. I'eriod. Continuance. Term. 
 Space. Protraction. Prolongation. 
 
 Ant. Momentariness. Instantaneous- 
 ness. Infinity. Eternity. 
 
 During. Used as a prep. See 
 Durable. 
 
 Syn. Pending. Throughout. 
 Ant. Barring. Excluding. Omitting, 
 Excepting, 
 
 Dutiful, adj. Eeady to per- 
 form acts, as duteous is ready to 
 feel the sentiments, due to 
 others. 
 
 Syn. Obedient Submissive. Docile 
 Deferential. Duteous, 
 
 Ant. Disobedient Intractable. Ito 
 henioos. Undutifal. 
 
Synonyms and AniomJmB. 
 
 14 
 
 - Butt, n. Dehitas, debere, to 
 ffx-m. That which is owed on 
 grounds of moral obligation. 
 
 Syn. Ob'iigation. Part. Business. Re- 
 iponsibllity. Allegiance. Function. Office. 
 Province. Calling. Tnist. (Dommisslon. 
 
 Ant. Freedom. Exemption. Immunity. 
 Licence. Dispensation. Desertion. Dere- 
 liction. 
 
 The word is used in the tech- 
 nical senses of tax, or what is 
 due to the Crown, and rilual, as 
 due from the clergy or the mili- 
 tary, &c. 
 
 DwAEF, V. tr. Low Germ. 
 dwarf. 
 
 Snf. Lower. Stunt. Depress. 
 Ant. Heighten. Elevate. Raise. 
 
 Dwarf, n. See verb. 
 
 Syn. Pigmy. Imp. Abortion. Puck. 
 Ant. Giant. Monster. Hercules. 
 
 Dwell, v. int. Scand. Conn, 
 witli Dull. Implying to be slow 
 or linger ; thence, to tarry as in 
 a fixed abode. 
 
 Si-N. Stop. stay. Rest. Linger. Tarry. 
 Live. Reside. Abide. 
 
 Ant. Move. Travel. Hasten. Speed. 
 Migrate. Wander. Depart. Flit. Eoam. 
 
 Dweller, n. See Dwell and 
 Denizen. 
 
 Dwelling, n. See Dwell and 
 Abode. 
 
 Dwindle, v. int. Sax, dvinan, 
 to pine. 
 
 Syn. Pine. Waste. Diminish. Decrease. 
 Decline. Melt. 
 
 Ant. Expand. Enlarge. Increase. 
 Grow. Flourish. Augment Depelope. 
 
 E. 
 
 Eager. From Lat. acer, but 
 unlike acer, applied only to dis- 
 position and feelings, not phy- 
 sical qualities. 
 
 Stk. Ardent. Earnest. Active. In- 
 terested. Anxious, Keen. Hot. 
 
 Amt. Cool. Indifferent. Inactive. Slug- 
 fflslx. Listless. Uiisolicitous. Dull. 
 
 Early, adj. and adv. Comp. 
 Ere or Ever. In advance of time. 
 
 Stk. Soon. Betimes. Forward. Ma- 
 tutinal. Beforehand. 
 
 Ant. Late. Tardily. Backward. Ves- 
 pertinal. Belated. 
 
 Earn, v. tr. Germ, aran, to 
 plough. Comp. ear of wheat, and 
 earth or land ploughed. Sax. 
 earnian. 
 
 Stn. Merit. Win. Gain. Deserve. Rea- 
 lize. 
 
 Ant. Forfeit. Forego. Waste. Lose. 
 Spend. Squander. 
 
 Eabnbst, adj. Earn. Conn, 
 with yearn. 
 
 Syit. Eager. Serious. Intent. Deter- 
 mined. Strenuous. Intent. 
 
 Ant. Indifferent. Playful, Idle. De- 
 sultory. Irresolute. Unearnest. Sportive. 
 Jesting. Flippant. 
 
 Ease, n. Fr. aise. Is used of 
 condition or circumstances and 
 efforts. 
 
 Syn. Comfort. Enjoyment. Rest. Re- 
 freshment. Quiet. Contentment. Satis- 
 faction. Facility. Readiness. 
 
 Ant. Trouble. Annoyance. Vexation. 
 Disquiet. Difficulty. Awkwardness. 
 
 East, adj. See Ease. In ad- 
 dition to the foregoing has also 
 the sense of indulgent. 
 
 Syn. Quiet. Comfortable. Manageable. 
 Indulgent. Facile. Lenient. Unconcerned. 
 
 Ant. Uneasy. Disturbed. Uncomfort- 
 able. Difficult. Unmanageable. Hard. 
 Exacting. Anxious. Awkward. Embar- 
 rassed. 
 
 Ebb, v. Sax. ehbian, to ebb. 
 .Syn. Retire. Recede. Decrease. Sink. 
 Decline. Decay. Wane. 
 
 Ant. Flow. Increase. Abound. Swell. 
 
 Ebbiety, n. Lat. Ebrietas, 
 ebrius, sober. 
 
 Stn. Soberness. Freshness. Temper- 
 ance. 
 
 Ant. Inebriety. Intoxication. Cra- 
 pnleuce. 
 
 Ebullition, n. Ebullire, ta 
 boil out. Used of feeling. 
 
 Syn. Boiling. Effervescence. Outburst 
 Paroxysm. Eruption. 
 
 Ant, Cooling. Refrigeration. SuNJ 
 dence. Composure, 
 
 l2 
 
148 
 
 Synonyifis and Antonyms. 
 
 'EccKNTEic, adj. Ex and cen- 
 trum. Gr. Kivrpov. -The centre 
 point of a circle or circulation. 
 Deviating from a fixed and cus- 
 tomary line of conduct, character, 
 or appearance. 
 
 Syn. Peculiar. Singular. Idiosyncratic. 
 Flighty. Aberrant. Abnormal. Odd. 
 WTiimsical. Erratic. 
 
 Ant. Regularj. Ordinary. Customary. 
 Normal. Common. Usual. Unnoticeable. 
 Unremarkable. 
 
 Echo, n. Gr. ^x'^* ^^^ nymph 
 of sound ; fjxos, sound. Of rever- 
 beration. Used metaphorically 
 with the force of mechanical or 
 servile repetition of the senti- 
 ments of others. 
 
 Syn. Reverberation. Resonance. Re- 
 petition. Imitation. Answer. 
 
 Ant. Sound. Voice. Original. Ques- 
 tion. Proposition. Statement Opinion. 
 
 Eclectic. 'EKXeyeiv, to choose. 
 Given to choosing rather than fbl- 
 lowing, and that from all sources, 
 with a simple view to the true 
 and right, irrespectively of 
 party. 
 
 Syn. Exceptive. Selective. Broad. 
 
 Ant. Narrow. Prejudiced. Petty. Par- 
 tial. Intolerant. Biassed. Warped. Dog- 
 matic. 
 
 Eclipse, n. 'EKXelireiv, a failure. 
 As in the sun or moon, of a por- 
 tion of their obscurated aspect. 
 Used metaphorically to express 
 the overshadowing of superior 
 excellence. 
 
 Syn. Failure. Obscuration. Over- 
 shadowing. Shading. Diminution. Out- 
 •hining. Outdoing. Outrivalling. 
 
 Ant. Illumination. EfTulgence. Bright- 
 ness. Reappearance. Lustre. Renown. 
 Reillunriination. Re-effulgenca Foil. 
 
 Eclipse, v. See noun. 
 
 Stk. Obscure. Overshadow. Outdo. 
 Outshine. Outvie. Outrival. 
 
 Ant. Recommend. Brighten. Enhance. 
 Illustrate. Heighten. 
 
 Economy, n. oUovoixta, oIkos, 
 a house, and vofxos, distribution, 
 management. Domestic manat^e- 
 
 ment, thence management CI li* 
 pensation generally. 
 
 Syn. Administration. Management 
 Dispensation. Rule. Arrangement. Dis- 
 tribution. Husbanding. 
 
 Ant. Maladministration. Mismanage- 
 ment. Waste. Misrule. Disorder. Pro- 
 digality. 
 
 Economize, v. tr. See Economy. 
 
 Syn. Husband. Develope. Utilize. 
 Ant. Waste. Misuse. Sacrifice. 
 
 Ecstasy, w. EK,out,2iTidaTdo-is, 
 a standing. A standing out or 
 departure from the ordinai-y state 
 of the mind under conditions of 
 peculiar excitement. 
 
 Stn. Rapture. Inspiration. Fervour 
 Phrenzy. Transport. 
 
 Ant. Coolness. Indifference. Dulness. 
 Weariness. Tedium. Bore, Fidget. Misery. 
 
 Ecumenical, adj. olKovfievr] 
 (yrj, understood). The whole in- 
 habited earth. 
 
 Stn. Catholia Universal. 
 Ant. Partial. National. Private. Do- 
 mestia Local. 
 
 Edible, adj. Edihilis, edere, 
 to eat. 
 
 Stn. Esculent, Wholesome. Culinary. 
 Eatable. 
 
 Ant. Noxious. Poisonous. Deleterious 
 Uneatable. 
 
 Edifice, n. ^dificium, (xdi- 
 ficare, to build. 
 
 Stn. Structure, Building. Tenement. 
 Fabric, 
 
 Ant. Ruin. Heap. Demolition. Dis- 
 mantlement. 
 
 Edify, v. tr. See Edifice. To 
 build up in an opinion or know- 
 ledge, and so instruct and im- 
 prove. 
 
 Stn. Enlighten. Instruct. Improve, 
 Ant, Misguide. Mislead. Misinform. 
 
 Educate, v. tr. Educare, to 
 bring up. 
 
 Stn. Instruct. Nurture, Train, Ground. 
 School. Initiate. 
 
 Ant, Miseducate. Misinstruct Mis- 
 nurture. 
 
 Educe, v. tr. Educere, to bring 
 out. 
 
 Stu. Draw, Eliminate. Produce. Elicit 
 
 Akt, Adduce. Apply, insert. li» 
 posit. Bestow. 
 
Swionyms and Antonyms. 
 
 149 
 
 Efface, v. tr. K2 and /aci'es, 
 a face or appearance. To do away 
 with a representation, colouring, 
 or delineation upon a surface. 
 
 Stn. Erase. Obliterate. Expunge. 
 Ant. Restore. Revive. Delineate. Im- 
 print. Portray. 
 
 Effect, v. tr. Efficere, to effect. 
 To work out an end proposed. 
 
 iStn. Cause. Produce. Achieve. Com- 
 plete. 
 
 Ant. I'revent. Obviate. Frustrate. 
 Mar. 
 
 Effect, n. See ^erh. Used 
 also in the sense of the striking 
 or efficient in appearance. 
 
 Effective, adj., Effectual, 
 adj., Efficient, adj'. See Effect. 
 Tending to produce an effect. 
 The three words are somewhat 
 differently applied. 
 
 Effective refers to effect in the 
 sense of impression upon the 
 senses, as an effective picture. 
 Effectual is practically conducive 
 to bringing about a specific end, 
 as an effectual remedy. Efficient, 
 having the quality of effective- 
 ness, ready to be exerted when- 
 ever occasion may arise, as, an 
 efficient man. 
 
 Stn. Powerful. Conducive. Operative. 
 Cogent. Telling. Able. Talented. 
 
 Ant. Weak. Ineffective. Inconducive. 
 Inoperative. Futile, Nugatory. 
 
 Effectuate, v. tr. See Effect. 
 
 Syn. Produce. Ensure. Secure. Sta- 
 jilitate. Compass. Complete. Establish. 
 
 Ant. Prevent. Hinder. Nullify. De- 
 eat. Nip. Blight. Strangle. Stifle. 
 Abolish. 
 
 Effeminate, adj. Femina, a 
 woman. Having acquired the 
 character or manner of a woman. 
 
 Snr. Feminine. Delicate. Womanly. 
 Womanish. Unmanly. Weak. Enervated. 
 Emasculated. 
 
 The epithet is commonly, 
 though not always, used re- 
 proachfully. In that case it 
 Wer0 battel to use Effeminate 
 
 and Womanish of men, and ap- 
 ply to women, as epithets of pro- 
 priety. Feminine and Womanly. 
 
 Ant. Manly. Robust. Vigorous. Hardy. 
 Virile. 
 
 Effervesce, v. int. Fervescere, 
 freq. of fervere, to boil. Strictly 
 with heat, but also used of cold 
 liquids, as the words boil and 
 seethe are used of the foaming 
 sea or the bubbling torrent. It 
 is also used metaphorically ot 
 excitement of feeling. 
 
 Stn. Boil. Bubble. Foam. Mantle. 
 Froth. Ferment. Sparkle. Bluster. Ex- 
 plode. 
 
 Ant. Subside. Bear. Brook. Digest. 
 Acquiesce. Refrain. Flatten. 
 
 Effete, adj'. Ex and foitus, 
 the young. No longer capable of 
 bearing, hence generally worn 
 out. 
 
 Stn. "Worn, Exhausted. Barren. De- 
 crepit. 
 
 Ant. Productive, Vigorous. Fertile. 
 
 Prolific. Exuberant. 
 
 Efficacy, n. Efficax, effica- 
 cious, efficere, to produce. Better 
 used of things, as efficiency of 
 persons. 
 
 Stn. Efficiency, Usefulness. Produc- 
 tiveness. Effectiveness, 
 
 Ant, Inefficiency. Inutility. Ineffec- 
 tiveness, 
 
 Efficiency, n. See Efficacy. 
 
 Effigy, n. Effigies, a statue. 
 Properly a true likeness. 
 
 Syn. Statue. Figure. Representation. 
 Image. 
 
 Ant. Caricature. Misrepresentation. 
 Distortion, Daub. 
 
 Efflorescence, n. Ex and 
 flos, oris, a flower. 
 
 Stn. Budding. Luxuriance. Outburst, 
 Crystallization. Granulation. 
 
 Ant. Nudity. Bareness. Denudation. 
 Deflorescence. Absorption. Desiccation. 
 
 Effluence, w. Ex and Jluere, 
 to flow. 
 
 Stn. Outpouring. Emission. Discharpa 
 Abundance. Overflow. 
 
 Ant. Influence, Infusion. Abeorptl^Q 
 ^Retention. Exhaustiop. 
 
150 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Effluvium, n. See Effluence. 
 Exhalation by usage, restricted 
 to Buch as are of noxious or un- 
 pleasant character. 
 
 Stk. Exhalation. Emanation. Malaria. 
 Miasma. Stinlc. 
 
 Ant. Ventilation. Scent. Disinfectant. 
 Zephyr. Balm. 
 
 Effort, n. Ex Rudfortis. A 
 putting forth of the strength for 
 a specific purpose, 
 
 Stn. Trial. Attempt. Endeavour. Ex- 
 ertion. 
 
 Ant. Failure. Misadventure. Unsuc- 
 cess. I<>ustration. Futility. Inactivity. 
 Ease. Facility. Spontaneity. 
 
 Effrontery, n. Ex, out, and 
 frons, the forehead or face. 
 
 Syn. Barefaceduess. Impudence. Brass. 
 
 Ant. Modesty. Timidity. Bashfulness. 
 Coyness. 
 
 Effulgence, n. Ex and ful- 
 gere, to shine. 
 
 Sybt. Splendour. Lustre. Brilliancy. Lu- 
 minodty. 
 
 Ant. Darkness. GbBoaration. Tenebrosily. 
 
 Effuse, adj. Eff under e,fusus, 
 to pour out. 
 
 Syn. Copious. Effluent. Abundant. 
 Ant. Dry. Scanty. Sparing. Jejune. 
 
 Effusion, w. /SeeEflFuse. Used 
 literally of the pouring out of 
 liquid, and metaphorically of the 
 pouring out of speech. 
 
 Syn. Pouring. Discharge. Emission. 
 I':£anence. Oration. Speech, Address. 
 
 Ant. Infusion. Refluence. Absorption. 
 Essay. Document Instrument. Reading. 
 
 Egotism, n. Lai ego, 1. A 
 tendency to undue thought and j 
 speech about one's self. 
 
 Syn. Conceit. Vanity. Self-assertion. , 
 
 Ant. Consideratencss. Deference. Self- j 
 
 abnegation. . 
 
 Egregious, adj. E, out, and \ 
 grex, the flock or common herd. | 
 Applied to persons or personal 
 qualities. Often used ironically. 
 
 Stn. Remarkable. Peculiar. Excelleut. 
 Consummate. 
 
 Ajrr. Ordinary. Commonplace. Every- 
 day. Mediocre. 
 
 F<QRJiSS, n, Egrediri, egressus^ 
 
 to step out. Used of the act and 
 the passage of coming out. 
 
 Syn. Exit. Departure. Sally. Outlet. 
 Ant. Adit Inlet Approach. Avenue. 
 Entrance. 
 
 ElTHXB, adj. Sax. du, ever, 
 (Germ, ewig), hvadher, vjhether of 
 two. Whichever of the two you 
 please. 
 
 Ant. Neither (ne being the negative 
 prefix). 
 
 Ejaculate, v. tr. See Ejacu- 
 lation. • 
 
 Ejaculation, n. Ejacularif 
 jacuhcm, a Javelin. Used for- 
 merly of throwing, in its ordinary 
 sense. Now only used of the 
 casting forth of words in a sud- 
 den way. 
 
 Stn. Exclamation. Utterance. Cry. 
 
 Ant. Obmutescence. Silence. Speech- 
 lessness. Dumbfoundedness. Oration. 
 Speech. Drawl. 
 
 Eject, v. tr. EJicere, Jactm, to 
 cast out. 
 
 Stn. Cast. Throw. Discharge. Expel 
 Extrude. Evert 
 
 Ant. Accept Receive. Retain. House. 
 Store. Lodge. Accommodate. Admit 
 Welcome. Introduce. Inject. 
 
 Ejection, n. See Eject. 
 
 Eke, v. tr. Sax. Conn, with 
 augere, and commonly used with 
 the prep. out. To eke out, to 
 add to what is scanty, often by 
 only a scanty and barely sufficient 
 addition. 
 
 Syn. Help. Increase. Augment Raise. 
 Ant. Stop. Diminish. Stint With- 
 hold. Drain. Exhaust. 
 
 Elaborate, v. tr. E and 
 labor. To woik out a conception 
 or design. 
 
 SvN. Execute. Forge. Prepare. Con- 
 coct. Mature. 
 
 Ant. Misconceive. Mismanage. Mis- 
 contrive. Hit Conjecture. Guess. Chance 
 Extemporize. 
 
 Elapse, v. int. E and lahi^ 
 lapsus, to slip. 
 
 Syn. Pass. Slip. Intervene. 
 
 Ant. Wait Abide. Hold. CpntUltl*. 
 Hftlt JSq^ure, 
 
Sifuonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 151 
 
 Elastic, adj. Lat, Elasticus, 
 from Gr. ikdwu), to drive or 
 draw. Having a tendency to 
 spring back, when stretched, to 
 its original dimensions. The 
 ideas suggested by the word are 
 therefore of two kinds ; the one 
 the capability of stretching, the 
 other the tendency to recurrence. 
 In metaphorical language the for- 
 mer is the more prevalent idea. 
 
 Stn. Ductile. Extensile. Alterable. 
 Resilient. Modiflable. Flexible. Buoyant. 
 Springy. 
 
 Ant. Tough. Unchangeable. Rigid. 
 Inflexible. Inelastic. Crystallized. Dull. 
 Inert. 
 
 Elated, adj. Ex and ferre. 
 To carry out, of himself, with 
 joy or jDride. 
 
 Stn. Cheered. Joyed. Inspirited. Over- 
 joyed. Proud. Inflated. 
 
 Ant. Depressed. Dispirited. Disap- 
 pointed. Abashed. Confounded. Humi- 
 liated. Disconcerted. Dejected. 
 
 Elder, n. Sax. eld. Eng. 
 old. Comparative, elder. 
 
 Stn. Senior. Father. 
 Ant. Juuior. Son. 
 
 Elect, adj. Eligere, lectus, to 
 choose. 
 
 Syn. Elite. Choice. Accepted. Chosen. 
 Ant. Rejected. Reprobate. 
 
 Elect, v. See Elect, adj. 
 Elected, part. See Election. 
 Election, n. See Elect. 
 
 Stk. Choice. Acceptance. Selection. 
 Preference. 
 
 Ant. Postponement. R«5Jcction. Repro- 
 bation. 
 
 Elbctbipy, V. tr. Erom Elec- 
 tricity, which is from the Gr. 
 rjXcKTpov, Lat. electrum, amher. 
 As being produced by the friction 
 of amber. 
 
 Sth. Astonish. Astound. Thrill. Amaze. 
 Dumbfomider. AppaL 
 
 Ant. Soothe. Compose. Calm, Mes- 
 merize. 
 
 Elegance, n. Megantia, eli- 
 gere^ to choQse. '^^VOim^J Ib^t 
 
 kind of beauty in art or compo- 
 sition which is the result of 
 choice selection, and the omis- 
 sion of everything offensive to 
 rule or taste. The word lias 
 acquired a wider meaning in 
 usage. 
 
 Stn. Beauty. Grace. Eeflnement. Sym- 
 metry. Gracefulness. Taste. 
 
 Ant. Deformity. Awkwardness. In- 
 elegance. Disproportion. Ungracefuliiess. 
 Coarseness. Rudeness. 
 
 Elegy, n. A poem consisting 
 of hexameters and pentameters 
 alternately. A metre employed 
 in grave and mournful subjects. 
 From e I Xe'yfii/, to cry ; e ?, in 
 wailing. 
 
 Stn. Dirge. Threnody. Lament. Jerc- 
 miade. 
 
 Ant. Pajan. Jubilee. 
 
 Element, n. Der. uncertain. 
 Possibly from eleo for oleo (7 
 grow), because out of the ele- 
 ments all things grow. Used 
 also for the primary or consti- 
 tuent parts of compound things. 
 
 Syn. Component. 
 
 Elementary, adj. Belonging 
 to the elements, physically, but 
 more frequently employed in re- 
 ference to elements as component 
 parts, elemental being reserved 
 for' the foi-mer. 
 
 Stk. Physical. Material. Natural. Elo- 
 mentary. Primary. Rudimental. Inchoate. 
 Component. Constituent. Ultimate. 
 
 Ant. Immaterial. Incorporeal. Impal- 
 pable. Compound. Collective. Aggregate, 
 Developed. Organized. 
 
 Elevate. See Elevation. 
 
 Syn. Raise. Dignify. Ennoble. 
 Ant. Lower. Degrade. Debase. 
 
 Elevation, n. Elevare, to 
 raise ; levis, light. 
 . Syn. Height. Rise. Raialng. Altitude. 
 Loftiness. Tallness. Improvement. Ame- 
 lioration. Refinement. Superiority. Emif 
 nence. 
 
 Ant. Depth. Fall. Decline. Depre*. 
 slon. Shortness. Stuntedness. Deteriora- 
 tion. Debasement. Degradatiop. Inferi' 
 
152 
 
 Synonyms and Anloiiyi 
 
 Elicit, v. tr. Lat. EUcerc, to 
 entice out. 
 
 Syn. Draw. Evoke. Educe. Eliminate. 
 Enucleate. Express. Extract. Worm. Evolve. 
 
 Akt. Insert. Implant. Introduce. Ino- 
 culate. Insinuate. Infuse. Instil. In- 
 corporate. Suggest. Extort. 
 
 Eligible, adj. See Elect. 
 Worthy of being chosen. 
 
 Stn. Desirable. Preferable. Choice. 
 Prime. 
 
 Ant. Undesirable. Worthless. Unpro- 
 fitable. Ordinary. Indifferent. Ineligible. 
 
 Eliminate, v. tr. E and 
 limen, a threshold. To bring out 
 from the recesses of private con- 
 cealment into the public light of 
 day. Hence, 1, to explain; 2, 
 to extract; and 8, to extract 
 what is superfluous or objection- 
 able. 
 
 Stn. Elucidate. Explain. Enucleate. 
 Segregate. 
 
 Ant. Mystify. Obscure. Involve. Smug- 
 gle. Foist. Import. Confound. 
 
 Elision, n. EUdere, to strike 
 out. In grammar, the omission 
 of a syllable, and the consequent 
 shortening of the word. 
 
 Syn. Omission. Ejection. Excerption. 
 Abridgment. Ellipse. 
 
 Ant. Insertion. Introduction. Implanta- 
 tion. Augmentation. Elongation. Inocu- 
 lation. 
 
 Ellipse, n. h, and XeiVeti/, 
 to leave or fail. An omission of 
 something which may be under- 
 stood without being expressed, 
 as, * the man I saw,' for * whom 
 I saw.' The adj. Elliptical is 
 sometimes used of style wliich 
 leaves much to be understood 
 wliich is not expressed. In this 
 sense it would have such syno- 
 nyms and antonyms as the fol- 
 lowing : — 
 
 Syn. Suggestive. Latent. Pregnant, 
 significant. Allusive. Subanditive. 
 
 Ant. Categorical. Full. Expository. 
 Explanatory. Declaratory. Enunciative. 
 
 EloOFTION, n. Ex fii^d loqui 
 
 to speah. The act and the pro- 
 cess of public speaking. 
 
 Syn. Oratory. Declamation. Eloquence. 
 Ant. Reading. Lection, Balbutiatlon. 
 
 Elongation, n. E and longus^ 
 long. The addition of length. 
 
 Stn. Production. Extension. 
 Ant. Apocope. Curtailment 
 
 Eloquence, n. See Elocution. 
 
 Else. Sax. el, other. Like 
 alius, in Latin. 
 
 Stn. Besides. Otherwise. 
 Ant. So. Also. Likewise. 
 
 Elsbwheee, adv. See Else. 
 Add Sax. hwar. 
 
 Stn. Otherwise. Away. 
 Ant. So. Here. 
 
 Elucidate, v. tr. Ex and 
 lucidus, lux, light, lucid. 
 Stk. Explain. Clear. Illustrate. 
 Ant. Mystify. Obscure. Confuse. 
 
 Elude, v. tr. E and ludere, 
 ludus, to mock. 
 
 Stn. Escape. Avoid. BafBe. Evade. 
 Parry. Fence. Mock. Frustrate. 
 
 Aht. Encounter. Meet. Confront 
 Court. Dare. Defy 
 
 Elusory, adj. See Elude. 
 
 Syn. Slippery. Intangible. IndeUin- 
 able. Fugitive. Shadowy. Unsubstantial 
 Akt. Persistent. Stable. Solid. 
 
 Emaciation, n. E and macics, 
 
 leanness. 
 
 Stn. Leanness. Attenuation. Wasting. 
 Ant. Fatness. Obesity. Corpulence. 
 
 Emanate, v. tr. E and 
 manare, to drop. 
 
 Stn. Originate. Flow. Spring. Rise. 
 
 Ant. Terminate. Culminate. End. 
 Evene. Issue. Arrive. Eventuate. 
 
 Emanation, w. See Emanate. 
 
 Emancipate, v. tr. E and 
 mancipium, a laying of the hand 
 on a thing, as on the head of a 
 slave, to betoken a formal pur- 
 chase. Used in various meta- 
 phorical applications. 
 
 Stn. Liberate. P^nfrincUlse. Rescue. 
 Ant. EnthralL Stbjuga*^. I^islfty? 
 Wix.(\, Disqualify, 
 
Synonyms mid Antonyms. 
 
 153 
 
 Embalm, v. tr. Balsamum, 
 balsam or balm. To preserve in 
 spices. To lay up carefully. 
 
 Stk. Conserve. Preserve. Treasure. 
 Store. Enshrine. Consecrate. 
 
 Ant. Expose. Desecrate. Abandon. 
 Vulgarize. 
 
 Embargo, n, Spanish, harra, 
 a bar. A restraint laid upon 
 vessels in port. Used metapho- 
 rically. 
 
 Syn. Restraint. Detention. Prohibition. 
 Stoppage. 
 
 Ant. Permit. Permission. Discharge. 
 Liberation. Dismissal. Conge. 
 
 EmbaRjK, V. int. Barca, a ship. 
 Comp. Eng. Bark. Used meta- 
 phorically of embarking in a 
 project. 
 
 Stn. Launch. Enter. Start. 
 Ant. Arrive. Anchor. Land. 
 
 Embarrass, v. tr. Same der. 
 as Embargo. 
 
 Syn. Entangle. Disconcert. Trouble. 
 Perplex. Confuse. Hamper. Clog. En» 
 cumber. 
 
 Ant. Extricate. Liberate. Expedite. 
 Facilitate. Accelerate. Assist. Dlgeu- 
 cumber. 
 
 Embellish, y. tr. Bellus, neat, 
 pretty. See Adorn. 
 
 Embezzle, v. tr. Old Fr. besiler. 
 Celt, bes, without, and hi, law. 
 To come unlawfully by. Ap- 
 plied to money and accoimts. 
 
 Syn, Appropriate. Confuse. Falsify. 
 Peculate. Misappropriate. 
 
 Ant. Square. Balance. Clear. 
 
 Embitter, v. tr. To make 
 bitter. Sax. biter. From bite. 
 Mordant. Acrid. 
 
 Syn. Aggravate. Molest. 
 
 Ant. Alleviate. Soothe. Sweeten. 
 
 Emblazon, v. tr. See Blazon. 
 
 Emblem, n. efi^aXXeiv, to cast 
 or throw in, as, a device into 
 tapestry or mosaic work. A 
 pattern; and, thence, a device 
 taken as a distinctive mark. 
 
 Stn. Device. Cognizance. Sign. Sym 
 
 bol. Representation. Type. Badge. Mart 
 
 Art. Disguise. Decoy incognito. 
 
 Embody, v. tr. Body. Sax. 
 bodig. To put into tangible 
 shape, or to attach or insert into 
 another body. 
 
 Stn. Express. Methodize. Systematize. 
 Codify. Incorporate. Aggregate. Integrate. 
 Compact. Introduce. Enlist. Combfne. 
 
 Ant. Eliminate. Segregate. Analyze. 
 Dissipate. Disintegrate. Dismember. Col- 
 liquate. Disband. Disembody 
 
 Embolden, v. tr. Bold. Sax. 
 See Encourage. 
 Embosomed, adj. Bosom. Sax. 
 
 Stn. Concealed. Enfolded. Wrapt, 
 Enveloped. Surrounded. Begirt. En- 
 circled. 
 
 Ant. Exposed. Unfolded. Open. Un- 
 encircled. 
 
 Embrace, v. tr. In and 
 
 brachium, the arm. 
 
 Stn. Clasp. Comprehend. Include. 
 Ant. Exclude. Reject. Except. 
 
 Embroider, v. tr. Fr. broder. 
 To cover with ornamental needle- 
 work. Comp. Braid. 
 
 Stn. Emboss. Enrich. Emblazon. Em- 
 bellish. 
 
 Ant. Botch. Patch. Cobble. Dam. 
 
 Embroil, v. tr. See Brawl. 
 Has the double sense of to make 
 confused, and to implicate in 
 confusion. 
 
 Syn. Implicate. Commingle. Entangle 
 
 (in quarrel). Disturb. Distract. Trouble. 
 
 Ant. Extricate. Separate. Remove. 
 Arrange. Compose. Pacify. 
 
 Embryo, n. eV, and ^pveiv, 
 to conceive. 
 
 Stn. Germ. Nucleus. Rudiment. 
 Origin. 
 
 Ant. Development. Shape. Completion. 
 Maturity. 
 
 Emendation, n. E, out, and 
 menda, afaidt. 
 
 Stn. Correction. Amendment. Recti- 
 fication. Reformation. 
 
 Ant. Error. Defect. Incorrectness 
 Fault. Corruption. 
 
 Emerge, v. int. E, out, and 
 mergere, to dip or plunge. To 
 rise out of a fluid. Metaphori- 
 cally, to escape out of a diflv 
 cTUty, 
 
154 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Stk Escape. IssiJ}. Evene. Appear. 
 Ant, Enter, Incur. Hetreat, Recede, 
 Abscond, 
 
 Emkrgknoy, w. Bee Emerge, 
 A crisis, like that of rescue from 
 drowning, or else the sudden 
 appearing of a crisis, as if it had 
 risen out of the course of events, 
 
 Sth, Crisis, Conjuncture. Pinch. Em- 
 barrassment Strait Necessity. Difficulty. 
 
 Ant. Rescue. Deliverance. Solution, 
 Subsidence, l^rovision. Anticipation. Ar- 
 rangement, 
 
 Emersion, n. See Immersion, 
 
 Emigration, n. Emfgrare, to 
 migrate. 
 
 SrN. Exodus. Colonization. Flit. 
 
 AST. Abode. Sojourn. Settlement 
 Stay. Domiciliation, Immigration, 
 
 Eminence, n. Eminere, to 
 stand out or rise. Used of phy- 
 sical height and moral or social 
 loftiness, 
 
 Syn, See Height. 
 
 Eminent, adj. See High. 
 
 Eminently, adv. See Highly. 
 
 Emission, n. Emittere, to send 
 forth. See Discharge. 
 
 Emollient, adj. E and molliSf 
 soft. 
 
 Syn, Softening, Laxative. Balsamic, 
 Ant, Astringent, Irritant, Galling. 
 
 Emolument, n. Emoliri, to 
 work out or move out, from moles, 
 a heavy rnass. The result of 
 labour. See Profit. 
 
 Emotion, fi, E and movere, to 
 move. 
 
 Stn. Passion, Feeling* Excitement, 
 
 Ant, Indifference. Insensibility, Im- 
 passlveness. Imperturbability. Stoicism, 
 
 Emphatic, adj. Gr. emphasis, 
 accent or stress. Laying stress, 
 or deserving to have stress laid 
 upon it. 
 
 Sth. Eamegt Positive, Important, 
 Special, Egregious, Consummate. 
 
 AST, Mild, Unemphatic Cool. Un- 
 impassloiied, Ummportan'^ Ordinary, 
 yppoticeftble. Comniionpl^ce. 
 
 Empiercb, V. tr. See Pierce. 
 
 Empire, n. Iraperium, i)n> 
 perare, to command. 
 
 Syn. Dominion. Sovereignty. Rule. 
 
 Ant. Independence, Insurrection, An- 
 erchy. 
 
 Empirical, adj. efiTreipia. 
 Experience or experiment, as 
 distinguished from science. 
 
 Stn. Experimental. Tentative. Quackisli. 
 Ant. Scientific, Regular. Inductive. 
 Uniform. Constant. 
 
 Empiricism, n. See Empirical. 
 
 Employ, v. tr. Implicare, to 
 enfold into one's plan. 
 
 Stn. Use. Apply, Economize, 
 Ant. Discard, Dismiss. Misuse. Mis- 
 employ, 
 
 Empower, v. tr. Fr. pouvoir. 
 Lat. potestas, from posse, to he 
 able. 
 
 Stn, Enable. Commission. Encourage. 
 Qualify, 
 
 Aht, Hinder. Prevent, Discourage 
 Disable, Disqualify, 
 
 Empty, adj. Sax. emtig. Con- 
 taining nothing. 
 
 Stn, Vacant. Void. Clear, Unen- 
 cumbered. Unobstructed. Unoccupied. 
 Waste. Uninhabited. Unfrequented. De- 
 ficient Wealc. Silly. Idle. Senseless, 
 
 Ant. Full. Occupied. Encumbered. 
 Obstructed, Cultivated. Colonized. In- 
 habited, Informed. Well-instructed. Sen- 
 sible. Experienced. Significant Forcible. 
 Important Substantial. 
 
 Emulate, v. tr. j3^mulari, to 
 strive to excel. 
 
 Stn. Rival. Vie. Compete. Aspire. 
 
 Ant. Disaffect Shun. Forego. Abandon. 
 Despise. Contemn. Waive. 
 
 Enable, v. tr. See Able. 
 
 Syn. Empower. Qualify. Strengthen. 
 Ant. Disqualify. Hinder, Disable. 
 
 Enact, v. tr. See Act and 
 Abrogate. 
 
 Enamour, v. tr. In and awor, 
 love. 
 
 Stn, Captivate. Fascinate. Enslave 
 Charm. Endear. Bewitch. Encbain. 
 
 Asrt. Repel. Disgust Eftrfui^. I '^ 
 cEC'iwnt J?on1fy, 
 
Synonyms and Antofiyms. 
 
 155 
 
 Encamp, v. int. In and campus, 
 afield; whence camp. 
 
 Stn. Settle. Pitch. Quarter. Bivouac 
 Ant. March. Decamp. Retire. Retreat. 
 
 Enchain, v. tr. In and chain, 
 from catena, a chain. 
 
 Stk. Bind. Fetter, Manacle. Enslave. 
 
 Amt. Loose. Liberate. Extricate. Maou- 
 mit. Disenthrall. 
 
 Enchant, v. tr. In and can- 
 tare, to sing; cantus, a song or 
 incantation. See Enamour. 
 
 Encircle, v. tr. See Circle. 
 
 Stn. Surround. Environ. Inclose. 
 
 Hem. Circumscribe. Encompass. 
 
 Ant, Disinclose. Disencircle. Disen- 
 compass. 
 
 Enclose, v. tr. In and 
 cJaudere, clausus, to shut. 
 
 Stn. Shut. Encircle. Environ. Include. 
 Circumscribe. Envelope. Wrap. Afforest. 
 
 Ant. Open. Disclose. Exclude. Dis- 
 enclose. Disencircle. Bare. Expose. De- 
 velope. Disafforest. 
 
 Enclosure, n. See Enclose. 
 Applied both* to that which in- 
 closes, and that which is in- 
 closed. 
 
 Stn. Fence. Ring. Limit. Boundary, 
 Park. Close. Circle. Field. Precinct. 
 
 Ant. Space. Common. Waste. Wild. 
 Desert. Wilderness. Void. 
 
 Encomium, n. K^fios, a revel. 
 A song in honour of Bacchus, 
 sung at the Bacchic festival. 
 Thence, a speech in pubhc 
 praise. 
 
 Stn. Panegyric. Laudation. Compli- 
 ment. Commendation. Eulogy. 
 
 Ant. Vituperation, Vilification. Taimt. 
 Obloquy. Invective. 
 
 Encompass, v. tr. In, con 
 and passus, a step. Comp. Pace. 
 To encircle by walking round, 
 or in any other way. See En- 
 circle. 
 
 Encounter, v. tr. In and 
 contra, against. To come against 
 something, or some other, sud- 
 (Jculjr, or in opposition. 
 
 Stn. Meet. Confront, I-ace. WltiJ- 
 
 stand. 
 
 Ant. Elude. Avoid. Escape. Mhia 
 Shun. 
 
 Encourage, v. tr. Fr. ca^ur, 
 the heart. 
 
 Sin. Embolden. Rally. Reassure. Ani- 
 mate. Inspirit. Prompt. Abet. 
 
 Ant. Deter. Discourage, Dissuade. 
 Dispirit. 
 
 Encroach, v. tr. Fr. croc, 
 crochet, a hook. To hook up 
 what does not belong to you. To 
 approach the property or rights 
 of another for such a. purpose. 
 Followed by the prep. upon. 
 
 Stk. Invade. Trespass. Transgress. 
 InfWnge. 
 
 Ant. Respect. Recognize. Observe. 
 
 Encrust, v. tr. See Crusty. 
 
 Stn. Coat. Line. Plaster. Face. 
 Ant. Scrape. Abrade. Expose. 
 
 Encrustation, n. See En» 
 crust. 
 
 Stn. Plaster. Coating, Lining, In- 
 tegument. 
 
 Ant. Abrasion. Exfoliation, Peeling. 
 
 Encumber, v. tr. Lat. incumu- 
 lare, cumulus, a heap. 
 
 Stn. Oppress. Obstruct. Clog. Impede. 
 Ant. Disencumber. Free. Disburden, 
 
 End, n. Sax. ende. See Ter- 
 mination, Object, and Aim, ac- 
 cording as the word is used in 
 the sense of natural termination, 
 purpose, or result. 
 
 Endanger, v. tr. Dangerium, 
 a Low Latin word of Feudal law. 
 Penal liability. 
 
 Stn. Imperil. Expose. Jeopardize. 
 Ant. Cover. Defend, Protect, Shield. 
 Screen, 
 
 Endear, v. tr. See Dear. 
 
 Syn. Attach, Conciliate. Gain. 
 Ant. Estrange. Alienate, Embitter, 
 
 Endearment, n. See Endear 
 and Blandishment. 
 
 Endeavour, n. and v. En 
 and Fr. devoir, duty. To make 
 an effort on behalf of duty; 
 thence, an effort generally. Se^ 
 Attempt w4 Moyt. 
 
156 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Endless, adj. See End. 
 Having no end in time and space. 
 
 Stk. interminable. Illimitable. Per- 
 petual. Eternal. Iniiiiite. 
 
 Ant. Terminable. Limited. Temporary. 
 Brief. Transient, Periodic. Ephemeral. 
 Fugitive. Finite. 
 
 Endow, v. tr. In and dotare, 
 from dos, a dowry. 
 
 Stn. Present Enrich. Furnish. Qualify. 
 Adorn. Invest. Supply. 
 
 Ant. Denude. Spoliate. Strip. Disen- 
 dow. Deprive. Divest. 
 
 Endowment, n. See Endow. 
 Applies to the gifts of nature, 
 art, and social provision. 
 
 Syn. Gift Provision. Benefit Bene- 
 faction. Talent Capacity. Attainment 
 Qualification. 
 
 Ant. Impoverishment Spoliation. Dis- 
 endowment Incapacity. Poverty. I>ack. 
 
 Endue, v. tr. Induere, to 
 clothe. See Clothe and Endow. 
 
 Endure, v. int. In and durare, 
 durus, hard. To last. See Last 
 and Tolerate. 
 
 Enemy, n. Inimicus, in, not, 
 and amicus, friend. See Friend. 
 
 Energy, n. evepyha, ipyov, a 
 icork. Active power. See Activity. 
 
 Enervate, v. tr. E and 
 nervus, the nerve. 
 
 Stn. AVeaken. Enfeeble. Unnerve. 
 Debilitate. Relax. Unstring. Unhinge. 
 
 Ant. strengthen. Brace. Invigorate. 
 Harden. Nerve. 
 
 ENPEEBLEjV.^r. Eceble. Lat.j^e- 
 bilis, flere, to ht lamented, wretched, 
 sad. Hence weak. See Enervate. 
 
 Enfold, if. tr. Sax. fealdan, 
 to fold. 
 
 Syn. Wrap. Envelope. Enclose. Em- 
 brace. Comprise. 
 
 Ant. Unwrap. Develope. Disclose. 
 
 Enforce, v. tr. In and Fr. 
 force, from Lat. fortis, strong. 
 
 SiK. Urge. Compel. Require. Exact. 
 Exert. Strain. 
 
 Ant. Relax. Waive. Forego. Remit 
 Abandon. 
 
 ENFRANC^IS?, V. fr, See Fran- 
 
 cluse, 
 
 Stk. Jjlberate. Qualify. 
 
 Amt. Disfranchise. Disqualify. 
 
 Engage, v. tr. In and gag'', a 
 pledge. To give a pledge. To 
 pledge one's self to do a thing; 
 also, to pledge another to do it, 
 or employ him in doing it, 
 
 Syn. Promise. Undertake. Vouch. Em- 
 ploy. Occupy. Hire. Adopt Involve. 
 
 Ant. Decline, Refuse. Withdraw. Dis- 
 miss. Discard, Extricate. Disengage. 
 
 Engagement, n. See Engage. 
 (For mihtary sense, see Battle.) 
 
 Engaging, adj. See Engage. 
 With the metaphorical sense of 
 occupying or enlisting regard or 
 love. 
 
 Syn, Attractive. Interesting, Winning. 
 
 Ant. Unattractive, Uninteresting. Re- 
 pulsive. 
 
 Engender, v. tr. Ingenerare, 
 to generate. Used metaphori- 
 cally, as, ' to engender strife,' 
 
 Syn. Generate. Produce. Create. Breed. 
 Propagate. 
 
 Ant. Stifle. Destroy. Extinguish. 
 Neutralize. Blight. Prevent. 
 
 Engird, v. tr. ^ee Gird, 
 Engorge, v. tr.. Engorge- 
 ment, n. See Gorge. 
 
 Engrave, v. tr. Sax. grafan. 
 Conn, with ypdcfxiv. 
 
 Stn. Print Imprint Sculpture. Stereo- 
 type. 
 
 Ant. Obliterate. Erase, Levigate, 
 
 Engross, v. tr. In and Fr. 
 gros, conn, with Lat. crassus, the 
 main hulk or body. To absorb, 
 as it were, in the gross, or bodily. 
 
 Syn, See Absorb, 
 
 Engulph, v. tr. Gulph. Gr. 
 koXttos, the bosom of the sea. See 
 Absorb. 
 
 Enhance, v. tr. Enhausser, 
 haut, high. To heighten the 
 value of a thing. See Depre- 
 ciate. 
 
 Enigmatical, adj. Enigma, 
 
 Gr. alviyfiariKOSr 
 
 Syn. Puzzling, -erplexing. Ohspuru 
 
t^^ynonyms and Anionyms. 
 
 157 
 
 Am. Lueid Explanatory. Plain Self- 
 eVideiit. 
 
 Enjoin, v. tr. In and jungere, 
 to join. To fasten strongly and 
 permanently upon a person. 
 Said both of the thing and the 
 person. 
 
 Stn. Impress. Command. Commission. 
 Oblige. Prescribe, 
 
 Ant. RecaL Dispense. Remit. Ab- 
 solve. Release. Exonerate. Dissuade. 
 
 Enjoy, v. tr. Fr. joie. Eng. 
 joy. To derive pleasure from 
 the use or possession of a thing. 
 
 St». Like. Relish. Possess. 
 Akt. Dislike. Disrelish. Suffer. Loathe. 
 Forfeit. Lose. Tolerate. Endure. 
 
 Enkindle, v. tr. See Kindle. 
 Enlarge, v. tr. Large, larger. 
 
 St». Amplify. Expand. Extend. 
 Stretch. Dilate. Increase. 
 
 Ant. Narrow, Lessen. Contract. Re- 
 strict. Diminish, Curtail Reduce. 
 
 Enlighten, v. tr. Light. Sax. 
 leoght — not to be confounded 
 with liht, light, not heavy — the 
 former being connected with 
 lucidus, the latter with levis. 
 
 Stn. Illumine. Edify. Instruct. In- 
 form. Teach, 
 
 Ant. Mislead. Darken. Confound. Ob- 
 scure. Mystify. Perplex. 
 
 Enlightened, adj. See En- 
 lighten and Wise. 
 
 Enlist, v. tr. In and Sax. 
 list, a strip of cloth. A roll of 
 names. Act. and neut. 
 
 Syn. Enter, Register. Enroll. Incor- 
 porate. Embody. 
 
 Ant. Withdraw, Erase. Expunge, Dis- 
 miss. Disband. Disembody. 
 
 Enliven, v. tr. In and life. 
 Sax. lif, Germ, lehen. 
 
 Syn, Wake. Rouse. Inspirit. Amuse, 
 Excite, Animate. 
 
 Ant. Oppress. Depress. Stupefy. 
 Weary. Tire. Paralyze, Deaden, 
 
 Enmity, n. See Enemy. 
 
 Stk. Discord. Hate. Animosity, Op- 
 position. Bitterness. Acrimony. Asperity. 
 
 Akt. Friendship, Love, Affection, 
 Kflteem. Friendliness, Cordiality. 
 
 Ennoble, v. tr. In and ndlnlis. 
 
 To raise to noble rank, and to 
 raise morally. 
 
 Stn. Exalt, Dignify, Elevate. Ame- 
 liorate, Aggrandize. 
 
 Ant. Debase, Degrade. Deprave. De- 
 teriorate. Depress, 
 
 Enormity, n. E and norma, 
 a rule. By usage restricted to 
 flagrant deviations from law or 
 right. 
 
 Stn, Atrocity. Crime. Perpetration, 
 Abomination. Sin, 
 
 Ant. Achievement. Exploit, Charity, 
 
 Enoemous, adj. See Enormity. 
 Of extraordinary size or extent. 
 
 Stk. Huge. Immense. Gross. Mon- 
 strous. Prodigious. 
 
 Akt. Diminutive. Insignificant. Trivial, 
 Venial, Average. Ordinary, Regular. 
 
 Enough, adj. and adv. Sax. 
 genog. 
 
 Stn, Sufficient, Ample, 
 
 Ant, Bare. Scant Insufllcient. In- 
 adequate, Short. 
 
 Enrage, v. tr. Fr. rage, Lat. 
 rabies. 
 
 Stk. Provoke. Incite. Madden. In- 
 flame. Embitter. Infuriate, Exasperate, 
 
 Ant. Soothe. Conciliate. Pacify. Tame 
 Mollify. Allay. Quiet. 
 
 Enrapture, v. tr. Baptura, a 
 snatching; rapere, to snatch. Tc 
 be snatched out of one's self by 
 enjoyment. 
 
 Stn. Beatify. Entrance. Ravish. 
 Ant. Disgust, Nauseate, Torture. 
 Horrify, Torment. 
 
 Enrich, v. tr. Fr. riche. Said 
 of w^ealth and decoration ; and, 
 metaphorically, of endowments 
 of nature or character, 
 
 Stn. Aggrandize. Endow, Store. Aug- 
 ment. Fertilize. Decorate. F^nhance. 
 
 Ant, Impoverish. Reduce. Rob. Beggar. 
 Fleece. Denude. Disfigure. 
 
 Enrobe, v. tr. See Eobe. 
 
 Stn, Drape, Invest 
 Ant, Disrobe. Divest. 
 
 Enroll, v. tr. In and rotulus, 
 a wooden cylinder, round which 
 was wound the parchment lisl 
 or register. See Enlist. 
 
158 
 
 Bi/mni/ms ind AnionijniS. 
 
 Enrolment, n. See Enroll. 
 
 EnsoonoIb, v. tr. Germ, schanz, 
 a fortification. TJsed as neut., 
 and also followed by me or him- 
 self. To hide behind a place of 
 defence. See Hide. 
 
 Enshrine, v. tr. Shrine. Lat. 
 scrinium, a desk, box, or sacred 
 ark. 
 
 Syn. CJonsecrate. Treasiire. Embalm. 
 Cherish. 
 
 Ant. Expose. Desecrate. Forget 
 
 Enslave, v. tr. In and slave. 
 Slave originally meant a Scla- 
 vonian, of whom the Germans 
 made slaves. It is now, happily, 
 only a metaphorical term, as re- 
 lates to the English tongue. 
 
 Stn. Captivate. Charm. Subjugate. 
 Enthrall. 
 
 Ant. Repel. Disgust Alienate. 
 Estrange. Liberate. Manumit. Disenthrall. 
 
 Ensue, v. int. In and sequi, 
 secutus, to follow. 
 
 Stk. Follow. Accrue. Supervene. Be- 
 fall. 
 
 AST. Precede. Threaten. Premonish. 
 Forewarn. 
 
 Ensure, v. tr. Sure. Lat. 
 securus. 
 
 Sys. Fix. Dotennine. Secure. Seal. 
 
 Ant, Imperil. Hazard. Jeopardize. 
 Forfeit 
 
 Entail, v. tr. In tailler, to 
 cut, curtail, or limit. To limit a 
 line of succession to property. 
 Used generally for bequeath ; or 
 draw, as an effect after a cause, 
 as, * learning entails industry.' 
 
 Syh. Bequeath. Leave. Devolve. De- 
 mise. Involve. Necessitate. Induce. 
 
 Ant. Alienate. Supersede. Nullify. 
 Prevent Obviate. 
 
 Entangle, v. tr. For Tangle. 
 Probably from Goth, tagl, hair, 
 conn, with tail. 
 
 Stn. Knot. Mat. Ravel. Implicate. 
 Ant. Disentangle. Unravel. Extricate. 
 
 Enter, v. int. Intra, within. 
 
 Stn. Invade. Penetrate. 
 
 Aht. lueue. Depart Ltn^e. Quit. 
 
 Enterprise, n. EntreprU^^ 
 to take in hand. See Adventure. 
 
 Enterprising, adj. See En- 
 terprise. 
 
 Stn. Active. Bold. Daring. Adven- 
 turous. Speculative. 
 
 Ant. Inactive. Timid. Inadventiiroua. 
 Cautious. 
 
 Entertain, v. tr. Entretener, 
 from tenere, to hold. To hold, as 
 an idea or project ; or, in a pe- 
 culiar sense, in one's house, as 
 guests ; or keep persons going in 
 the way of amusement. 
 
 Stn. Harbour. Maintain. Conceive. 
 Foster. Receive. Recreate. Amuse. 
 
 Ant. Eject. Exclude. Deny. Debar. 
 Annoy. Weary. Bore. Tire. 
 
 Enthrall, v. tr. Thrall. Sax. 
 Slave or Bondman. See En- 
 slave. 
 
 Enthrone, v. tr. In and 
 dpovos, thronus, a throne. 
 
 Stn. Crown. Instal. 
 
 Ant. Depose. Dethrone. Debase. De- 
 grade. 
 
 Enthusiasm, n. iv ^eo'y, a di- 
 vinity. The feeling of inspii-a- 
 tion imparted by a deity. Gene- 
 rally, strong excitement of feel- 
 ing on behalf of an object. 
 
 Stn. Excitement Frenzy. Sensation, 
 Inspiration. Transport. Rapture. Ardour. 
 Vehemence. Passion. Devotion. 
 
 Ant. Coldness. Callousness. Indiffer- 
 ence. DisafiFection. Repugnance. Aliena- 
 tion. Contempt 
 
 Enthusiastic, adj. See En- 
 thusiasm. 
 
 Entice, v. tr. Prefix en and 
 Sax. stecan, to stick, prick, or 
 goad. Conn, with Gr. a-riyfia. 
 Its more violent has given way 
 to a milder force. 
 
 Stn. Allure. Seduce. Attract Decoy 
 Ant. Deter. AVam. Hinder. Repel. 
 
 Enticing, adj. See Entice. 
 
 Entire, adj. Integer. 
 
 Stn. Whola Complete. Unimpaired 
 Undiminished. 
 
 Am. Partial. Broken. Impaired. 1» 
 complete. 
 
I^t/non >)im dnct Anionynts. 
 
 m 
 
 -ENtmULT, adv. See Entire. 
 Entitle, v. tr. In and tihdus, 
 a title. 
 
 Syn. Qualify. Empower. Fit. Enable. 
 A.NT. Disqualify. Disentitle. Disable. 
 
 Entity, n. Em, being, from 
 esse, to he, 
 
 Stn. Existence. Being. 
 Ant, Nonentity. Chimera. 
 
 Entomb, v. tr. Tumha, a 
 tomb. 
 
 Stn. Bury. Inter. Inhume 
 Ant. Disinter. Exhume. 
 
 Entrammkl, V. tr. Tremaclum., 
 a net, tres maculce, three spots or 
 marks, to show its position, and 
 serve as bait. 
 
 Stn. Entangle. Impede. Obstruct 
 Hamper. Decoy. Entrap. 
 
 Ant. Disentangle. Liberate. Extricate. 
 Expedite. Disentrammel. Disenthrall. 
 
 Entrance, n. See Enter. The 
 act and way of entering. 
 
 Stn. Introduction. Penetration. Avenue. 
 Portal. Ingress. Adit. 
 
 Ant. Exit. Egress. Departure. De- 
 bouchure. 
 
 Entrance, v. tr. Transitus, a 
 going off. See Enrapture. 
 
 Entrap, v. tr. In and trap. 
 'See Entrammel. 
 
 Entreat, v. tr. Entraiter, to 
 handle. To clasp the hands upon 
 another in entreaty. 
 
 Stn. Implore. Obsecrate. Beg. Petition. 
 Ant. Command. Insist. Bid. Enjoin. 
 
 Entry, n. See Enter. Has 
 the sense of a formal or official 
 introduction or insertion. 
 
 Stn. Entrance. Initiation. Beginning. 
 Record. Note. Minute. Register. Me- 
 morandum. 
 
 Ant, Conclusion. Quittance. Disposal, 
 Blank. Omisfiion. Falsification. Mlsentry. 
 Mlarecord, 
 
 Entwine, v. tr. and int. En 
 3ind twine. Conn, with Two, 
 
 Snr. Lace, Convolve. Interlace. 
 Weave, 
 
 Ant. Diaentwine. Dissever. 
 
 Enumsbate, V. tr. Enumerare, 
 to count ; numerus, number. 
 
 Stn. Specify. Name. Number. Hc» 
 count. Detail.' Kftckoc. 
 
 Ant. Confound. Miscount. Misteckon. 
 
 Enunciate, v. tr. E and 
 nuntius, a messenger. To pro- 
 claim; thence, to state dis- 
 tinctly. 
 
 Stu. State. Propound, Pronounce. 
 Syllable. 
 
 Ant. Mutter. Babble. Balbutiate. 
 Stammer. 
 
 Envelo<pe, V. tr. In and vo- 
 luptas, pleasure. To wrap up, as 
 if warmly and comfortably. See 
 Develope. 
 
 Stn. Wrap. Enfold. Encase. Cover. 
 Ant. Unwrap. Develope. Reveal. 
 Expose. Unfold. Extract. 
 
 Envelope, n. See verb. 
 Envenom, v. tr. In and vene- 
 num, poison, ^ee Poison. 
 Environ, v. tr. Fr. 
 
 Stn. Surround. Hem. Inclose. En- 
 circle. Enfold. 
 
 Ant. Disinclose. Disenfold. 
 
 Ephemeral, adj. eVl, and 
 rjnepa, a day. Lasting but for 
 a day, or, generally, for a short 
 while. 
 
 Stn. Transient. Evanescent. Fleeting 
 Fugacious: Fugitive. Momentary. 
 
 Ant. Abiding. Persistent. Permanent. 
 Perpetual. Eternal. Perennial. Immortal. 
 
 Epigrammatic, adj. inlypaufxa, 
 an epigram.. Applied' to style. 
 
 Syn. Pointed. Terse. Graphic. Con- 
 cise. Laconic. 
 
 Ant. Diffuse. Circumlocutory. Point- 
 less. 
 
 Epitome, n. eVi rip-veiv. To 
 cut or prune upon the surface, 
 so as to leave only the salient 
 points, doing away with inter- 
 venient matter. See Abbrevia- 
 tion. 
 
 Equable, adj. See Equal. Of 
 uniform movement, that is, 
 equal to itself at all times. 
 
 Sin. Uniform. Regular. Proportionate 
 Even. Smooth. Easy. 
 
 Ant. Irregular. Desultory. Variable 
 Fitful. Disjointed. Uneasy. 
 
ir^o 
 
 Synonyyris and Antonyms. 
 
 EQtJAt, adj. Lat. cequalis. Ee- 
 fers to every thing that can be 
 tested by a standard of degrees. 
 
 Stn. Uniform. Commensurate. Co- 
 ordinate. Adequate. Coextensive. Smooth. 
 
 *Ant. Unequal. Incommensurate. In- 
 co-ordinate. Inadequate. Disparate. Variable. 
 
 Equality, n. See Equal. 
 
 Equanimity, n. JEquus, equal, 
 and animus, the mind. Steadi- 
 ness of mind under fluctuating 
 circumstances. 
 
 Stn. Calmness. Composure. Tranquil- 
 lity. CoUectedness. Evcn-mindedness. 
 
 Ant. Restlessness. Disquiet. Pertur- 
 bation. Impatience. 
 
 Equip, v. tr. To fit out. Conn, 
 not with equus, but with skiff 
 and ship. To rig or furnish, as 
 a ship. 
 
 Stn. Accoutre. Garnish. Invest Pre- 
 pare. Furnish. Arrange. 
 
 Ant. Divest. Dismantle. Denude. De- 
 spoil. Derange. 
 
 Equipage, w. /S^ee Equip. Used, 
 primarily, for the apparatus of 
 horses and carriage; and also, 
 generally and loosely, for almost 
 any apparatus. Not connected 
 with equus. 
 
 Srs. Accoutrements. Trappings. Furni- 
 ture. Habiliments. Apparatus. Carriage. 
 Attendance. Retinue. 
 
 Ant. Dismantlement. Unstateliness. 
 
 Equipment, n. See Equip. 
 
 Equipoise, n. JEquus, equcd, 
 and pondus. Fr. poids, a loeight. 
 See Balance. 
 
 Equipollent, adj. JEquus, 
 equal, and poUere, to be of force. 
 Of equal force. See Equivalent. 
 
 Equiponderant, adj. - See 
 Equipoise and Equivalent. 
 
 Equitable, adj. jEquitas, 
 cequus. Equity. 
 
 Syn. Fair. Just. Proportionate. Im- 
 partiaL 
 
 Ant. Unfair Unjust Disproportionate 
 Partial. 
 
 Equity, n. See Equitable. 
 
 Equivalence, n. See Bjqui- 
 valent. 
 
 Equivalent, adj. JEJguus, 
 equal, and valere, to avail or be o/ 
 force. 
 
 Stn. Equiponderant. Equipollent 
 
 Ant. Unequal. Unequivalent. 
 
 Equivocal, adj. JEquus, equal, 
 and vox, a word. Producing am- 
 biguity, from the circumstance 
 of the same word being equally 
 applicable to different things. 
 
 Stn. Dubious. Amblguou«. DoubUv 
 sided. 
 
 Ant, Univocal. Plain. Direct. Clear. 
 
 Eradicate, v. tr. Eradicare 
 radix, a root. To root out. 
 
 Stn. Extirpate. Abolish. Extinguish 
 Exterminate. Excise. 
 
 Ant. Implant. Import Instil. Foster, 
 Propagate. Cherish. Encourage. 
 
 Eradication, n. See Eradi- 
 cate. 
 
 Erase, v. tr. Eradere, rasus. 
 To scrape out. 
 
 Syn. Obliterate. Efface. Expunge. 
 Blot Cancel. 
 
 Ant. Mark. Write. Delineate. 
 
 Erasure, n. See Erase. 
 
 Erect, v. tr. Erigere, erectns,. 
 to erect. 
 
 Stn. Elevate. Raise. Establish. Plant 
 Uplift. Construct Build. 
 
 Ant. Lower. Supplant Subvert De- 
 press. Remove. Destroy. Demolish. 
 
 Erection, n. See Erect. 
 
 Erode, v. tr. See Corrode. 
 
 Err, v. int. Errare. To 
 wander from the right line of 
 physical or mental movement. 
 
 Stn. Deviate. Wander. Mistake. Hlur- 
 der. Ml^udge. Stumble. Misapprehend 
 
 Ant. Succeed. Prosper. Correct. Re « 
 tify. 
 
 Errand, n. Sax. 
 
 Syn. Message. Commission. Mission. 
 Delegation. Charge, 
 
 Ant. Misdelivery. Misannouncement 
 
 Erratic, adj. Errare. Given 
 to wandering, or having win- 
 dered from form- or rule. 
 
Synonyms and Aniontjms. 
 
 61 
 
 RVli. besuitory. Aberrant. Abnormal, 
 flighty. Changeful, Capricious. 
 
 Ant. Regular. Normal. Methodical, 
 (/'alculable. Unalterable. Steady. Unde- 
 viating. 
 
 Ebbob, n. See Err. 
 
 Syn, Fault Mistake. Blunder. Falsity. 
 Deception. Fallacy. Untruth. 
 
 Ant. Correction. Correctness. Tnith. 
 Accuracy. Soundness. Rectification. 
 
 Erudition, w. E, out of, and 
 
 rudis, rude or urdettered. 
 
 SrN. Learning. Lore. Letters. Scholar- 
 Bbip. 
 
 Ant. lUiterateness. Duncedom. Sciolism. 
 
 Eruption, n. E and rumpere, 
 ruptus, to break or hurst. 
 
 Syn. Outburst. Explosion. Discharge. 
 Eructation. ExsufQation. 
 
 Ant. Absorption. Engulfing. Engross- 
 ment. Swallowing. Irruption. Inburst. 
 Devourment. 
 
 Escape, v. tr. and int. Fr. echap- 
 per, perhaps from Germ, kampf, 
 battle. Comp. Camp, Decamp. 
 
 Syn. Elude. Decamp. Abscond. Fly. 
 Flee, Evade. 
 
 Ant, Incur, Confront Encounter, 
 Meet Suffer. 
 
 Escheat, v. int. See Cheat. 
 
 Eschew, v. tr. Old Germ. 
 scheu. Eng. shy. See Avoid. 
 
 Escort, v. tr. Fr. It. scorta, 
 a guard or guide. See Convoy. 
 
 Esculent, adj. Esca, a morsel. 
 See Edible. 
 
 Esoteric, adj. eaco, eaayrepos, 
 in, inner. Belonging to the 
 learning more privately. Com- 
 mnnicated to more privileged 
 pupils or members. 
 
 Syn. Private. SpeciaL Kxacter. Ad- 
 vanced, 
 
 Ant.- Public Popular. Rudimentary. 
 Exoteric. 
 
 Especial, adj. See Special. 
 
 Espousal, n. Sponsus, spon- 
 dere, to betroth. See Marriage. 
 
 Espy, v. tr. See Spy. 
 
 Essay, v. int. and tr. See 
 .^8say. 
 
 Essay, n. See Assay and Dis- 
 quisition. 
 
 Essence, n. Essentia, ene, to 
 be. That which makes a thing to 
 be what it is. 
 
 Syn. Being. Life, Entity. Nature. 
 Substance. 
 
 Ant. Accident, Property. Additament 
 Garb. Clothing. Surroimdings. 
 
 Essential, adj. That without 
 which a thing cannot be or be 
 conceived. It is taken out ot 
 the sphere of thought and im- 
 ported into that of action, and 
 then becomes a synonym of Ee- 
 quisite. 
 
 Syn. Innate. Inherent Requisite. 
 Necessary. Vital. Immanent 
 
 Akt. AccidentaL Qualitative. Quanti- 
 tative. Promotive. Regulative. In- 
 duced. Imported. Adventitious. Asci- 
 titious. Redundant Superfluous. 
 
 Establish, v. tr. Fr. etdblir. 
 Lat. stabilire, stabilis. Comp. 
 Stable, from Stare, to stand. Ap* 
 plied to things social and logical. 
 
 Syn, Plant Fix. Settle. lound. De- 
 monstrate, Prove. Substantiate, 
 
 Ant. Supplant Unsettle. Break-up, 
 Disestablish. Misstate, Confute. Refute 
 Upset. Subvert Presume. Suppose. Guess. 
 Coiyecture. Surmise. 
 
 Established, adj. See Es- 
 tabhsh. 
 
 Estate, n. Status, a standing 
 Used for a fixed condition and 
 property. 
 
 Syn. Order. Rank. Condition. Free- 
 hold. Domain. 
 
 Ant. State. Community. Country 
 Waste. Chattels. Goods, Effects. 
 
 Esteem, v. tr. Estimare, from 
 ces, brass or money. To value or 
 price with an implied meaning 
 that the person or object is more 
 or less worthy of favourable re- 
 gard. 
 
 Syn, Price. Value. Consider. Deem 
 Judge. Believe. Estimate, Think. Ro. 
 gard. Affect Love. Like. 
 
 Ant, Disregard. Disconsider, DisaSt-ct 
 Dislike. Undervalue. UBK?errat«. DiTr? 
 Deprecia*f 
 
1(52 
 
 ^ynon^ins and AnionytiM. 
 
 PjStimablb, adj. In addition 
 fo tJio sense of capable of valua- 
 h'on, has acfiiiired the commoner 
 meaning of worthy of regard. 
 
 SyN. Amiable. Delectable. Worthy. 
 Good. 
 
 Ant. Uiiamlable. IndelecUible. Un- 
 worthy. Bad, 
 
 Estimate, v. tr. See Esteem. 
 Has the same sense as esteem, 
 with a more distinct reference to 
 the social or commercial than to 
 tlie essential or intrinsic value. 
 
 Estimation, n. See Esteem. 
 
 Estrange, v. tr. To make 
 strange, from extra, extraneous. 
 See Alienate. 
 
 Esurient, adj. -Esurire, to 
 desire to eat. From edere, to eat. 
 See Starved. 
 
 Etbrnal, adj. Eternus, oevum, 
 y.vitas, (Mas, an age. From age 
 to age. 
 
 Syn. Infinite. Endless. Perpetual. Un- 
 dying. Unceasing. 
 
 Ant. Ephemeral. Transient. Tem- 
 poral. Fleeting. .Evanescent Sublunary. 
 
 Etiquette, n. Fr. for ticket 
 or label. A passport into good 
 society, thence the form of such 
 society. 
 
 Syn. Manners. Breeding. Fashion. Con- 
 ventionality. 
 
 AnT. Boorishness. Rudeness. Misob- 
 Bervance. Singularity. Nonconformance. 
 
 Eulogy, n. ev, well, and 
 Xeyeij/, to speak. A set speech 
 in one's praise. See Praise. 
 
 Euphuism, w. From Lyly's 
 Euphues, a work which gave rise 
 to an affected style of talk at one 
 time fashionable in the Court of 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Syn. Affectation. Pedantry. Purism. 
 Highflying. Finicality. Factitiousness. 
 
 Ant. Simplicity. Rusticity. Bluntness. 
 Natoralness. Mother-tongue, Vernacular. 
 
 EuPHUiSTic, adj. See Eu- 
 phuism. 
 
 Evacuate, v. tr. E abd 
 vacuus, to discluirqe so as to leave 
 empty. Especially used as a 
 military term. 
 
 Syn. Void. Abandon. Desert 
 Ant. Occupy. Seize. Fill Hold. 
 
 Evade, v. tr. E and vadere, 
 to go. To get out of the way. 
 
 See Elude. 
 
 Evanescent, adj. E and 
 vanescere, vanus, to become vain or 
 void. See Ephemeral. 
 
 Evaporate, v. int. E and 
 vapor, vapour, or steam. To go 
 off in steam, to disappear as if 
 in vapour. 
 
 Syn. Melt. Colliquate. Liquefy. Va- 
 porize. Disappear. Dissolve. Exhale. 
 Distil. 
 
 Compact Solidify. 
 
 n. See Eva- 
 
 Ant. Consolidate. 
 Indurate. Crystallize. 
 
 Evaporation, n. 
 porate. 
 
 Evasion, n. See Evade. Has 
 a sense peculiar to it, that of 
 eluding the statement, question, 
 or charge of another. 
 
 Syn. Prevarication. Shuffle. Fftneing. 
 Ant. Answer. Counter-argument. Grap- 
 pling. 
 
 Even, adj. Sax. Used phy- 
 sically and metaphorically. 
 
 Srx. Level. Smooth. Uniform. Equable. 
 Ant. Inclined. Abrupt Rugged. Va- 
 riable. Uneven, 
 
 Event, n. Evenire, vent us, to 
 come forth or happen. 
 
 Syn. Occurrence. Circumstance. Issue. 
 Result Fact. Incident, 
 
 Ant. Cause. Antecedent Operation. 
 Inducement Contribution. Convergence. 
 Predisposition. Tendency. 
 
 Eventful, adj. See Event. 
 Full of remarkable events. 
 
 Syn. Remarkable. Memorable. Signal. 
 Important Marked. Noted. Critical Stir- 
 ring. Notable. 
 
 Aht. Ordinary. Unmarked. Unim- 
 portant Eventless. Uc aterestlng. Cha- 
 racterless. Trivial. 
 
JSynonyms and Anionijms. 
 
 lea 
 
 I^VJJR, adv. Sax. 
 
 Syn. Always. Continually. 
 Ant. Never. 
 
 EvERsioN, n. E outi and 
 vertere, to turn. A turning inside 
 out. 
 
 Syn. Evolution. Explication. 
 Ant. Inversion. Involution. Implica- 
 tion. 
 
 Every, adj. Ever, each. An 
 expression for regarding all in- 
 dividual parts ©r persons in the 
 aggregate to which they belong. 
 See Ever. Each is ilk. 
 
 Stn. All. 
 Ant. None.' 
 
 Evict, v. tr. Evincere, to dis- 
 possess by force. 
 
 Stn. Dispossess. FJject. 
 
 Ant. Reinstate. Admit. Settle. IjO- 
 cate. Lodge. 
 
 Eviction, »?. /See Evict. 
 
 Evidence, n. Evidentia, evi- 
 dere. The manifestation of that 
 which goes to establish a charge 
 or question. 
 
 Syn. Manifestation. Appearance. Sign. 
 Token. Proof. Indication. Exemplifica- 
 tion. Illustration. 
 
 Ant. Surmise. Conjecture. Counter- 
 evidence. Disproof. Refutation. Conceal- 
 ment. Suppression. Misindication. Fal- 
 lacy. 
 
 Evident, adf. See Evidence. 
 
 Syn. Plain. Visible. Conspicuous. Mani- 
 fest. Indisputable. Incontrovertible. 
 
 Ant. Doubtful. Obscure. Questionable. 
 Uncertain. Dubious. 
 
 Evil, adj. Ssx. Efel, having 
 ivhat is physically deleterious. 
 Morally wrong, circumstantially 
 adverse. 
 
 Syn. 111. Noxious. Deleterious. Wrong. 
 Bad. Mischievous. Hurtful. Sinful. Un- 
 happy. Adverse. Unpropltious. Miser- 
 iU)le. Sorrowful. 
 
 Ant. Wholesome. Beneficial. Right. 
 Virtuous. Holy. Pure. Happy. Fortu- 
 nate. Felicitous. Joyous. Welcome. Grate- 
 ful. Good. 
 
 Evince, v. tr. See Evict. To 
 show in a forcible way. 
 
 Syn. Exhibit. Evidence. Show, rrove. 
 Ant. Suppress. Disprove NcgatiAP, 
 CofaCeal. 
 
 Eviscerate, v. tr. E and 
 
 viscera^ the bowels^ To take out 
 the inside. 
 
 Syn. Disembowel. Dtaw. 
 Ant. Stufif. Cram. Pad. 
 
 Evoke, v. tr. Evocare, to call 
 forth. 
 
 Syn. Excite. Edute. Provoke. Elicit. 
 Produce. Eliminate. Extract. 
 
 Ant. Allay. Stifle. Stop. Silence. 
 Prevent. Seal. 
 
 Evolution, n. E and volverc, 
 to turn or roll. Applied to 
 studied exercises of the body. 
 See Altitude. 
 
 Exacerbate, v. tr. Ex and 
 
 acerbus, sour. See Exasperate. 
 
 Exact, adj. Exigere, to exact, 
 exactus. See Accurate. 
 Exactly, adv. See Exact. 
 
 Stn. Precisely. Accurately. Corrc- 
 spondently. 
 
 Ant. Loosely. Inadequately. Incor- 
 rectly. DifferenUy. OtherwiBe. 
 
 Exaggerate, v. tr. Ex and 
 agger, a heap or mound of earth 
 thrown up by digging. To am- 
 plify beyond the strict bounds of 
 truth and justice. 
 
 Syn. Magnify. Overstate. Overdraw. 
 strain. Overpaint Overestimate. 
 
 Ant. Disparage. Attenuate. Palliate. 
 Understate. Underestimate. Ijcnify. Mi- 
 tigate. Soften. Qualify. Modify. 
 
 Exalt, v. tr. Ex and alias, 
 high. See Elevate. 
 Exalted, adj. See Exalt. 
 
 Examine, v. tr. Examinare, 
 examen, a balance. Properly the 
 tongue of the balance. 
 
 Syn. Weigh. Ponder. Investigate. Per- 
 pend. Test. Scrutinize. Criticise. Prove. 
 Study. Discuss. Inquire. Search. 
 
 Ant. Discard. Conjecture. GuetiS. Slur. 
 Misconsider. Misinvestigate. 
 
 Example, n. Exemplun, exi' 
 mere^ to take out frmn a largei 
 H 2 
 
164 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 quantity as a sample. Comp. 
 Sample. Its meaning has been 
 widened so as to express the ap- 
 plication of that idea in such 
 ways as the following. 
 
 Stn. Sample. Specimen. Pattern. Model. 
 Illustration. Instance. Issue. Develop- 
 ment. 
 
 A»T. Stock. Material Substance. Law. 
 Rule. Character. Principle. System. 
 Quality. Case. 
 
 With any other correlatives, 
 that is, things of which examples 
 are given. 
 
 Exanimate, adj. See Inani- 
 mate and Dead. 
 
 Exasperate, v. tr. Ex and 
 
 asper, to draw out the rough qua- 
 lities. See Aggravate. 
 
 Excavate, v. tr. Ex and 
 
 •avus, hollow. To dig out. 
 
 Syn. Dig. Hollow. Trench. DiscoTcr. 
 Disinter. 
 
 Ant. Bury, 
 Inter. Inhume. 
 
 Fill. Level. Conceal. 
 
 Exceed, v. tr. Ex and cedere, 
 to go. To surpass generally. To 
 surpass in what is good, being 
 expressed by excel. Sometimes 
 used intransitively for, to be ex- 
 cessive. See Surpass. 
 
 Exceeding, adj. See Exceed. 
 
 Exceedingly, adv. See Ex- 
 ceeding. 
 
 Excel, v. tr. and int. Excel- 
 lere. Has the same sense as 
 Exceed, but confined to cases of 
 merit and superiority. See Sur- 
 pass. 
 
 Excellence, n., Excellent, 
 adj. See Excel. 
 
 Except, prep. Exclpere. To 
 take out of a common statement, 
 class, or rule. 
 
 Syn. feclude. Save. Bar. Segregate. 
 Negative. 
 
 Ant. Count. Include. Reckon. State, 
 WuMsllV. ProDound. Affirm. Admit. 
 
 Exception, n. See Except. 
 
 Syn. Qualification. Separation. Exclu- 
 sion. 
 
 Ant. Statement. Rule. Class. Propo- 
 sition. * 
 
 Exceptionable, adj. From 
 Exception in the sense of objec- 
 tion, as to take exception to a 
 thing, that is, to place it out of 
 the category of things one ap- 
 proves. 
 
 Syn. Objectionable. Undesirable. 
 Ant. Unobjectionable. Desirable. Un- 
 exceptionable. Exemplary. 
 
 Exceptional. See Exception. 
 
 Syn. Rare. Peculiar. Uncommon. Irre- ' 
 gular. Unusual. Abnormal. 
 
 Ant. Common. Regular. Normal. 
 Usual. Ordinary. 
 
 Exceptious, adj. See Con- 
 tentious. 
 
 Excess, n. See Exceed. Used 
 for a mere physical or numerical 
 balance, or, morally, for the ab- 
 sence of self-control. 
 
 Syn. Advance. Increase. Abundance. 
 Redundancy. Superfluity. Extravagance. 
 Debauchery. Intemperance. 
 
 Ant. Deficiency. Failure. Shortcom- 
 ing. Insufficiency. Temperance. Sobriety. 
 
 Excessive, adj. See Excess. 
 
 Stk. Enormous. Undue. Fixorbitant 
 Overmuch. 
 
 Ant. Insufficient. Scant. Inadeqtate. 
 
 Exchange, v. tr. See Change: 
 
 Excision, n. Excidere, to cut 
 out. See Eradication. 
 
 Excitability, n. Ex and 
 cifare, intense form of ciere, to 
 rouse. 
 
 Syn. Sensibility. Sensitiveness. Irasci- 
 bility. Irritability. 
 
 Ant. Immobility, Imperturbability. 
 Insensitiveness. Composure. Hebetude. 
 
 Excitation, n. See Eouse. 
 Excite, v. tr. See Excitability. 
 
 Syn. See Allay. 
 
 Exclaim, v. int. Ex and da- 
 mare, to call. See Ejaculate. 
 Exclude, v. tr. Ex and 
 
 dander e, to shut. S^^ Admit. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 165 
 
 Exclusive, adj. See Exclude 
 and Oomprehensivo. 
 
 Excogitation, n. A complete 
 cogitation, which see. 
 
 Stn. i;iaboratlon. Deduction. 
 Ant. Guess. Surmise. 
 
 Excommunicate, v. tr. Ex 
 and communis, common. To put 
 out of the society and privileges 
 of the common body. 
 
 Syn. Exclude. Banish, Bar. Eject. 
 Black-ball. 
 
 Ant. Admit, Readmit. Inaugurate. 
 Enrol, 
 
 Excrescence, n. Ex and 
 
 crescere, to grow. 
 
 Syn, Superfluity. Redundancy, Im- 
 postiiume. Tumour. 
 
 Ant. Eradication. Extirpation, Ex- 
 cision. Levigation. Exsection. 
 
 Excruciate, v. tr. Ex, out, 
 and cruciare, crux, to take out the 
 life hy crucifixion. Used meta- 
 phorically and exaggeratively. 
 
 Syn, Agonize, Torture. Torment. Rack. 
 Ant. Sootbe. Please, Tranquillize, 
 
 Excruciating, adj. See Ex- 
 cruciate. 
 
 Exculpate, v. tr. Ex and 
 culpa, a fault. To free from a 
 charge, or endeavour to do so. 
 
 Syn. Defend, Vindicate. Exonerate, 
 Acq«it, Release, 
 
 Ant. Charge. Inculpate. Implicate. 
 
 Excursive, ac?/. See Discur- 
 sive. 
 
 Excuse, v. tr. Excusare, 
 causa, a cause. To rid of accu- 
 sation. 
 
 Syn. Exculpate, Absolve. Pardon. For- 
 give. Overlook. Condone. Remit. In- 
 dulge. Justify. Vindicate. Defend. Ex- 
 onerate. 
 
 Ant. Charge. Inculpate. Condemn. 
 Sentence. Exact, Strain. Accuse, 
 
 ExEOBABLE, adj. Exsecrari, 
 sacer. To condemn or protest 
 against, as unholy. 
 
 Syn, Detestable. Loathsome. Hateful, 
 bomlnable. Damnable. 
 Ant. Desirable. Eligible, Respectable. 
 
 Execrate, v. tr. See Exe- 
 crable and Abominata 
 
 Execute, v. tr. Ex sequi, 
 sequor, to follow out to the end 
 See Consummate. 
 
 Exemplary, adj. Exemj2.uni, 
 a model. Said of character and 
 conduct. 
 
 Syn. Laudable. Praiseworthy. Conspi- 
 cuous. Honourable. 
 
 Ant, Detestable, Objectionable. Ex- 
 ceptionable, 
 
 Exemplify, v. tr. See Ex- 
 ample. 
 
 Syn. Illustrate. Manifest. Emboily, 
 Exhibit. Represent. 
 
 Ant, Betray. Falsify. MisrenreseiiL 
 Belie. 
 
 Exempt, adj. Eximere, cmere, 
 to buy. Bought oflf. Generally 
 applied to immunity. 
 
 Syn. Free. Irresponsible. Unamenable. 
 Ant, Subject, Responsible, Liable, 
 Amenable. 
 
 Exemption, n. 
 
 Syn, Freedom. Immunity, Dispensa- 
 tion. Privilege. License. 
 
 Ant, Liability, Amenableness. Sub- 
 jection. Responsibility. 
 
 Exercise, v. tr. Exercere, to 
 practise. Originally a military 
 phrase; whence exercitus, an 
 army. Afterwards applied to 
 the systematic use of bodily and 
 mental faculties, or training. 
 
 Syn. Practise, Train, Cultivate. De- 
 velope. 
 
 Ant. Rest, Ease, Disuse. Respite. 
 Relax. Recreate. 
 
 Exercise, n. See verb. 
 
 Exertion, n. Ex and serere, 
 to join or bind together. To put 
 forth strenuously. 
 
 Syn, EfiFort. Labour, Toil, 
 
 Ant. Relaxation. Recreation. Rest. 
 
 Exhalation, n. Ex and 
 
 halare, to breathe. 
 
 Syn, Mist. Damp. Effluvium. 
 
 Ant. Absorption. Exsiccatica. Inhala- 
 tion. 
 
 J^XHAusT, V. tr. Ex md 
 
166 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 haurire, to draw. To draw ; to 
 drain off liquid ; or, metaphori- 
 cally, strength, resources^ &c. 
 
 Stn. Empty. Void. Drain. Weaken. 
 Weary. 
 
 Ant. Fill. Replenisli, Atigment. In- 
 >'gorate. Refresh. 
 
 Exhaustion, n. See Exhaust. 
 
 Exhibit, v. tr. Exhibere. To 
 hold forth or show. 
 
 Syn. Show. Manifest. Evidence. Evince. 
 Betray. Demonstrate. Illustrate. ' 
 
 Ant. Suppress. Conceal. Secrete. Mask. 
 Hide. 
 
 Exhilarate, v. tr. Hilaris, 
 joyous. To make joyous. 
 
 Syn. Gladden. Rejoice. Inspirit. Elate. 
 Ant. Depress. Dispirit Unnerve. Un- 
 hhige. 
 
 Exhort, v. tr. Ex and hortari. 
 To advise. 
 
 Syn. Urge. Advise. Comisel. Enjoin. 
 Ant. Deprecate. Dissuade. Warn. Re- 
 monstrate, 
 
 Exhume, v. tr. Ex and humus, 
 the ground. See Inter. 
 
 Exigency, n. Extgere, to exact. 
 An urgent or exacting case of 
 want ; or a state of things press- 
 ing hard upon a person. 
 
 Syn. Urgency. Pressure. Emergency. 
 Conjuncture. Crisis. 
 
 Ant. Provision. Preparation. Supply. 
 Rule. Course. 
 
 Exile, v. Exilium, exile. 
 
 SrN. Banish. Relegate. 
 Ant. Welcome. Reinstate. Domesti- 
 cate. Domiciliate. 
 
 Existence, n. Existentia, 
 existere, to exist. 
 
 Syn. Being. Entity. Creature. 
 
 Ant. Nonentity. Non-existence. 
 
 Chimera. 
 
 Exit, n. Exitus, exire, to go 
 out. See Approach and Egress. 
 
 Exonerate, v. tr. To relieve 
 of the burden. Onus, eris, a 
 burden of a charge or accusation. 
 See Exculpate. 
 
 Exorbitant, cidj. Ex ^^d 
 
 orbita, an orbit. Out of the usual 
 way. See Excessive. 
 
 Exoteric, adj. e^w, (^arcpoi. 
 Outer. See Esoteric. 
 Exotic, adj. See Foreign. 
 
 Expand, v. tr. and int. Ex 
 and pandere, to open. 
 
 Syn. SwelL Dilate. Spread. E.xtend. 
 Amplify. 
 
 Ant. Contract. Curtail. Attenuate. 
 Restrict. Condense. 
 
 Expanse, n. 
 
 Syn. Vast. Void. Space. Breadth. 
 Ant. Limit. Enclosure. Confine. Bound. 
 
 Expatiate, v. int. Ex and 
 spatiari, to walk. To traverse 
 the Jength and breadth of a sub- 
 ject. Followed by the prep. 
 upon. 
 
 Syn. Amplify. Enlarge. Dilate. 
 Ant. Contract. Condense. Epitomize. 
 Summarize. 
 
 Expatriate, v. tr. Ex, out, 
 and patria, one's native country. 
 See Banish. 
 
 Expect, v. tr. Expectare, e 
 and spicere. To look out for. 
 
 Sy^n. Anticipate. Await Forecast 
 Forebode. 
 
 Ant. Welcome. Hail. Recx)gnize. 
 Greet Realize. 
 
 Expediency; w. Expedlre, to 
 expedite, or be expedient. 
 
 Syn. Utility. Advantage. Interest 
 Ant. Inexpediency. Disadvantage. In- 
 utility. Detriment 
 
 Expedient, adj. See Expedi- 
 ency. 
 
 Expedite, v. tr. See Expedi- 
 ency and Accelerate. 
 
 Expedition, n. See Expedi- 
 ency. Technically used of a 
 military movement, or an ex- 
 ploring movement. 
 
 Syn. Haste. Speed. Despatch. 
 Ant. Delay. Tardiness. Procnatina* 
 tlon. 
 
 Expel, v. tr. Ex and ;pel(er€f 
 to drive. See Eject, 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 167 
 
 Exi'END, V. tr. F.v and pen- 
 dere, to pat/. 
 
 Sy:^. Spend. Ijay out. Waste. Con- 
 flume Use. 
 
 Ant. Save. Husband. Economize. 
 
 Expense, n. See Expend. 
 
 Syn. Price. Cost. Payment." Expendi- 
 ture. Outlay. 
 
 Ant. Income. Profit. Receipt. 
 
 Expensive, adj. See Expend. 
 
 Stn. Costly. Valuable. Rich. Extra- 
 
 Ant. Cheap. Worthless. Poor. Eco- 
 nomical 
 
 Experience, v. Experientia, 
 experiri, to try. 
 
 Syn. Try. Feel. Undergo. Encounter. 
 Endure. 
 
 Ant. Evade. PJscape. Miss. Lose. 
 
 , Experience, n. See verb. 
 
 Experienced, adj. See Ex- 
 perience. 
 
 Syn. Slcilled. Practised. Familiar. Ac- 
 customed. Conversant. 
 
 Ant. Inexperienced. Strange. Unprac- 
 
 Experiment, n. See above. 
 
 Syn. Trial. Illustration. Test. Exem- 
 plification. 
 
 Ant. Conjecture. Assumption. Hypo- 
 thesis. 
 
 Expert, adj. See above. One 
 who has experienced or tried, till 
 he has become ready at the 
 art. See Clever. 
 
 Expiate, v. tr. Ex, and piare, 
 to appease. See Atonement. 
 
 Expire, v. int. Ex, out, and 
 spirare, to breathe. See Die and 
 Terminate. Used also as a syno- 
 nym for exhale, as opposed to 
 inspire. 
 
 Explain, v. tr. Ex and planus, 
 plain or smooth. To make 
 smooth. 
 
 Syn. Expound. Teach. Illustrate. 
 Aht. Mystify. Obscure. Misinterpret. 
 
 Explanation, n. See Ex- 
 plain. 
 
 Explanatory, adj. See Ex- 
 
 Explication, n. . Ex and 
 plicare, to fold. See Explana- 
 tion. 
 
 Explicit, adj. See Exphca- 
 tion. 
 
 Syn. Plain. Detailed. Inobscure. De- 
 claratory. Categorical. Stated. 
 
 Ant. Implicit. Implied. Hinted, Sug- 
 gestive. Obscure. 
 
 Explode, v. int. Explodere, 
 from plaudere, to clap. Conn. 
 Applaud. /See Burst. 
 
 Exploit, n. ExpUcare, to un- 
 fold. See Achievement. 
 
 Explore, v. tr. Explorare. 
 See Examine. 
 
 Explosion, n. See Explode. 
 
 Exponent, n. Exponere, to 
 put forth or expound. 
 
 Stk. Interpreter. Propounder. Advo- 
 cate. Representative. 
 
 Ant. System. Opinion. Creed. Prin- 
 ciple. 
 
 Export, v. tr. Exportare. To 
 carry out. 
 
 Stn. Ship. Produce. 
 Ant. Import. Consume. 
 
 Expose, v. tr. See Exponent. 
 To lay bare of covering; and, 
 metaphorically, so to ti-eat cha- 
 racter or motives. See Conceal. 
 
 Exposition, n. See Exponent 
 and Explanation. 
 
 Exp'osiTOR, n. See Exponent. 
 
 Expository, adj. See Ex- 
 planatory. 
 
 Expostulate, v. int. Ex, 
 out, and postulare, to ash. To 
 ask or require a person to leave 
 or forego a certain course of 
 action. 
 
 Syn. Object. Remonstrate. 
 Ant. Coincide. Abet. 
 
 Expound, v. tr. Same word 
 as Expose, having come to us 
 through the French cspoudre. 
 See Jlxplftiw. 
 
168 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 Express, v. tr. Exprimere, 
 pressus. To press out. Used in ' 
 a physical or literal sense also. 
 
 Stk. See Ekiunciate and State. 
 
 Express, ad:f. See verb. 
 
 Sin. Specific. Pointed. Direct. 
 Ant. GeneraL Vague. Leisurely. 
 
 Expression, n. Applied to 
 the character of the countenance, 
 and the use or collocation of 
 words. 
 
 Stn. Countenance. Look. Indication. 
 Phrase. Term. 
 
 Airr. Face. Features. Lineament. 
 Falsification. Misstatement. Solecism. 
 Enigma. Suppression. 
 
 Expulsion, n. See Expel. 
 
 Expunge, v. tr. Ex and 
 pungere, to prick. To prick or 
 rub out with something pointed, 
 as a pen. 
 
 Syn. Efface, Obliterate. Erase. Cancel. 
 Ant. Write. Delineate. Mark. Trace. 
 
 Expurgation, n. Expurgare, 
 to cleanse. A cleansing. See 
 Absterge. 
 
 Exquisite, a/lj. Exquirere, 
 to seek out ; exquisitus. That 
 which is sought or chosen out 
 of a number for its superiority. 
 
 Stn. Choice. Rare. Refined. 
 Ant. Common. Coarse. Ordinary. 
 
 Exquisitely, adv. See Ex- 
 quisite. 
 
 Exsufflation, n. Ex and 
 sufflare, to blow ttpwards. Comp. 
 Fr. souffle. 
 
 Stn. Ebullition. Eruption. Eructation. 
 Ant. Absorption. Inhalation. Gorge- 
 ment. Deglutition. 
 
 EXSUSCITATE, V. tr. See Sus- 
 citate. 
 
 Extant, adj. Ex and stare, to 
 stand or exist. 
 
 Stk. Existent Sm-viving. Current. 
 Forthcoming. Present. 
 
 AJIT, Defwnct. Lost Obsolete. Past. 
 
 Extempore, adj. and adv. Ex, 
 out of, and tempus, the occasion 
 
 Stn. Olfhanl. Unpremeditated. 
 
 Ant. Studiel. Prepared. Premeditated. 
 
 Extend, v. tr. and int. Ex 
 and tendere, to stretch. Act. and 
 neut. 
 
 Stn. Prolong. Stretch. Expand. En- 
 large. Increase. Augment Reach. Avail. 
 Apply. 
 
 Ant. Curtail. Contract Restrict Nar- 
 row. Limit Recur. Return. Miss. Fail. 
 
 Extensile, 
 and Ductile. 
 
 adj. See Extend 
 
 Extension, 
 
 and Space. 
 
 Extensive, 
 and Spacious. 
 
 Extent, n. 
 
 n. See Extend 
 adj'. See above 
 See above. 
 
 Syn. Degree. Distance. Quantity. Space 
 Size. 
 
 Ant. Diminution. Restriction. Limita- 
 tion. 
 
 Extenuate, v. tr. Ex and 
 tenuis, small. Used only of the 
 mitigation of unfavourable state- 
 ments or appearances. 
 
 Syn. Mitigate. Qualify. Palliate. 
 Ant. Aggravate. Heighten. Enhance. 
 
 Exterior, w. Lat. 
 
 Stk. Outside. Surface. Face. Aspect 
 Phase. 
 
 Ant. Interior. Heart Core. 
 
 Exterminate, v. tr. See Ex- 
 termination. 
 
 Extermination, n. Ex and 
 
 terminus, the boundary of a coun- 
 try. To utterly destroy, and so 
 take away from the place of oc- 
 cupation. Etymologically, the 
 word might mean expulsion, 
 but, as a feet, is never so used. 
 
 Syn. Eradication. Extirpation. Aboli 
 tion. Destruction. 
 
 Ant. Settlement Replenishment Aug- 
 mentation. Colonization. Popniatiuu. 
 Propagation. Increase. 
 
 External, adj. Externus, 
 extra. Outside. 
 
Synonyms mid Antonyms. 
 
 169 
 
 gTN. Outer. Apparent. Manifest. Super- 
 Scial. Visible. Palpable, 
 ( Ant. Inner. Internal. Inapparcnt. 
 
 \' Hidden. Inmost. Intestine. 
 
 Extinction, n. Exstingmre, 
 to put out. To destroy the life 
 of a person or body. Applied 
 also metaphorically, as, for in- 
 stance, to customs. 
 
 Stn. Destruction. Stifling. Suffocation. 
 Death. Cessation, Annihilation. Obso- 
 
 r ^ lescence. 
 
 t Ant. Origination, Inception, Planting. 
 
 I Biitb. Life. Course, Operation. Action. 
 
 f Exercise. Prosperity, Continuance. Sur- 
 
 vival, 
 
 Extinguish, v. tr. See Ex- 
 tinction. 
 
 Stn. Abolish. Destroy. Extirpate. 
 Eradicate. Kill, Quench, Annihilate. 
 
 Ant, Implant. Replenish. Cherish, 
 Promote. Invigorate. Propagate. Establish. 
 Confirm. Secure. 
 
 Extirpate, v. tr. Ex, out, 
 and stirps, a stem. To pull up 
 by the stem. See Eradicate. 
 
 Extol, v. tr. Ex and toUere, 
 to raise. To raise in laudation. 
 To exalt in praise. See Praise. 
 
 Extort, v. tr. Ex and tor- 
 guere, to twist or ivring, tortus. 
 Comp. Torture. 
 
 Stn. Wring, Express. Squeeze out. 
 Wrench, Wrest, Extract. 
 
 Ant, Coax, Wheedle, Cajole. Cheat. 
 
 Extortionate, adj. Given 
 to extorting. See Extort. Also 
 applied to the thing which is the 
 subject of extortion. 
 
 Stn. Hard. Close-fisted, Severe, Eigo- 
 roas. Exacting. Exorbitant, Preposterous, 
 Monstrous, 
 
 Ant. Liberal. Indulgent. Bountiful. 
 Reasonable, Fair. Moderate. 
 
 Extract, v. tr. Ex and tra- 
 here, tractus, to draw. 
 
 Stn. Draw, Muce. Take out. Gather. 
 Quote. Collect, Extorts 
 
 Ant, Replace. Insert. Restore. Im- 
 pose. Incorporate. Reinsert 
 
 Extraneous, adj. Lat. ex- 
 traneus, extra, without Comp. 
 iJtranger. 
 
 Stn. Extrinsic. External. Foreign. 
 Outside, Alien. Unconnected. Unrt^lated, 
 Ascititious. Adventitious. 
 
 Ant. Intrinsic. IntemaL Vital, Con- 
 nected. Essential. 
 
 Extbaordinart, adj. Extra 
 ordinem. Beyond or beside the 
 common rank or run of things. 
 
 Sys. Unwonted. Uncommon. Pecu- 
 liar, Unusual. Unprecedented. Wonderful. 
 Marvellous. Prodigious. Monstrous. Pre- 
 1 posterous, 
 
 Amr. Wonted. Common. Usual. Or- 
 dinary. Frequent. Unremarkable. Unim- 
 portant. 
 
 Extravagant, adj. Extra 
 and vagari, to watider, vagus. 
 Conn. Vague. Which wanders 
 from or exceeds the boundaries 
 of propriety or moderation in 
 thought or management. 
 
 Stn. Wild, Monstrous. Preposterous. 
 Absurd. Prodigal. Wasteful. Reckless. 
 Abnormal. 
 
 Aht, Sound, Sober. Consistent. Ra- 
 tional. Fair. Economical. Frugal. Care- 
 ful, Regular. UsuaL 
 
 Extreme, adj. Extremus. Is 
 used of that which is physically 
 or mentally the boundary of a 
 place or subject, and also of that 
 which is morally indicative of 
 excess in thought or opinion. 
 
 Sth. Terminal. Final. Remote. 
 Farthest. Last. Extravagant. Immode- 
 rate. 
 
 Ant. Initial. Primal. Moderate. Ju- 
 dicious. 
 
 Extremity, n. See Extreme. 
 
 Stn. End. Termination. Close. Con- 
 clusion. 
 
 Ant. Beginning. Commencement Open' 
 ing. Origin. Body. Centre. Bulk. 
 
 Extricate, v. tr. Ex and 
 
 trkce, minute impediments, as, 
 the jneshes of a net, or the small 
 feathers on the legs of birds, 
 which catch their feet. See In- 
 volve. 
 
 Extrinsic, adj. Extrinsecus. 
 See Extraneous. 
 
 Extrude, v. tr. Ex ns(f 
 trudera, to thrust. 
 
170 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Stn. Thrust out, i;ject. ExpeL 
 Ant. Intrude. Insert. Introduce. 
 
 Exuberant, adj. Exuherare, 
 uher, the udder. To teem. See 
 Abnndant. 
 
 Exudation, n. Ex and sudare, 
 to sweat. 
 
 Stn. Ooze. Drip. Percolation. 
 
 Ant. Absorption. Aridity. Parching. 
 
 Exude. See Exudation. 
 
 Exude, v. int. See Exudation. 
 To drip or percolate. 
 
 Exultant, adj. Exultare, from 
 salire, to leap (for joy). 
 
 Stn. Rejoicing. Elated. Jubilant. 
 Joyous. Triumphant. 
 
 Ant. Mournful. Depressed. Dispirited. 
 
 Exult, v. int. See Exultant. 
 
 Fable n. For,fari, to speak. 
 An instructive mode of speech, 
 having for its object prudential 
 morality, and its vehicle an ima- 
 ginary view of nature. Some- 
 times used for false representa- 
 tion. See Parable, Metaphor, 
 Allegory, Proverb, for the differ- 
 ences between them. 
 
 SvN. Apologue Fiction. Invention. Fab- 
 rication. 
 Ant. History. Narrative. Fact 
 
 Fabric, n. Fabricare, to fabri- 
 cate, faber, a worker in hard ma- 
 terials, a smith, a carpenter. It 
 has come to be employed also of 
 lighter work and manufacture, 
 as silk and muslin. 
 
 Stn. Work- Coiistruction, Edifice. Web. 
 Texture. 
 
 Ant. Destruction. Dismantlement. De- 
 molition. Fragment. Wreck, Tatters. 
 Ruin. Rags. Shreds. 
 
 Fabricate, v. tr. See Fabric. 
 Also used for the work of fic- 
 t|tioT|s compositioij. 
 
 Stn. Construct. Maie. Form. Ftrge 
 Invent. Falsify. Misrepresent. * 
 
 Ant. Demolish. Tear. Spoil. I.«cerat« 
 Dismember. Destroy. Narrate. Copy, 
 Represent. Portray. Rep«mt. 
 
 Fabulous, adj. See Fable. 
 
 Stn. Fictitious. Incredible. False. Mon- 
 strous, 
 
 Ant. Actual. Real. Historic. Authentic. 
 Reasonable. Fair. True. 
 
 Face, n. Fades. See Aspect. 
 Facetious, adj. Facetia, wit. 
 
 Stn. Witty. Funny. Humorous. DrolL 
 
 Ant. Heavy. Matter-of-fact. Dull. Grave. 
 Serious. Lugubrious. Sombre. Saturnine. 
 
 Facile, adj. Facilis. Easy to 
 perform, and also easy to manage 
 or influence. 
 
 Stn. Docile. Tractable. Manageable. In- 
 dulgent. Weak. Irresolute. Characterless. 
 Pliable. 
 
 Ant. Sturdy, Obstinate, Determined 
 Resolute, Pig-headed. Crusty. Inflexible. 
 Self-willed. Independent. Self-reliant. 
 
 Facilitate, v. tr. See Facile 
 and Expedite. 
 Facility, n. See Facile. 
 
 SrN. Ease. Address. Readiness. Quick- 
 ness. Adroitness. 
 
 Ant. Labour. Eifort. Awkwardness. 
 Difficulty. 
 
 Facinorous, adj. Facinus, orU, 
 an atrocity. See Atrocious. 
 
 Fact, n. Facer e,f actus, to do. 
 A thing done. 
 
 Stn. I'nith. Deed. Occurrence. Circum- 
 stance. Event. Reality. 
 
 Ant. Fiction. Supposition. Falsehood. 
 Unreality. Lie. Delusion. Chimera. In- 
 vention. Romance. 
 
 Faction, n. Factio, facerc, to 
 do a work. A party formed for 
 working out its own interests 
 as a section of the community. 
 See Cabal. 
 
 Factious, adj. Given to faction 
 or opposition. 
 
 Syn. Oppositions. Exceptions. Litigious. 
 Crusty. Malcontent. Adversative. 
 
 Ant. Agreeable. Genial. Complaisant. 
 Amenable. Ixiyal. Public-spirited. Har- 
 monious. Co-operative. Auxiliary, ajva- 
 i'atnetio, * ■ V i- 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 171 
 
 Factitious, adj. See Factious. 
 Formed by art, and referred to 
 an artificial standard. 
 
 Syn. Artificial. Affected. Euphulstia 
 Conventional. Cramped. Finical. Asciti- 
 tious. Spurious. 
 
 Ant. Natural. Unaffected. Genial. Truth- 
 ful. Genuine. Pure. 
 
 Facttlty, n. Facidtas, facere, 
 to do. A natural power which 
 enables us to do a thing, ^b'ee 
 Capability. Used technically of 
 a branch of science or art. 
 
 Facundity, n. Facundus, elo- 
 quent. See Eloquence. 
 
 Fade, v. int. Old Eng. Vade, 
 from Lat. Vadere, to go. 
 
 Syn. Fall. Fail. Decline. Sink. Droop. 
 Dwindle. Vanish. Change. Pale. Bleach. 
 Set. Etiolate. 
 
 Ant. Rise. Increase. Grow. Bloom. 
 Flourish. Abide. Stand. Last. Endure. 
 
 Fading, Faded, part. See 
 Fade. 
 
 Fag, v. Sax. foege, iveak. 
 Syn. Work. Toil, siave. Drudge. 
 Ant. Bask. Idle. Lounge. Dawdle, 
 strike. 
 
 Fail, fallere, to decline or fail. 
 Used actively with of or in. 
 
 Syn. Fall. Miss. Trip. Lose. 
 Ant. Succeed. Exceed. Surpass. Excel. 
 Achieve. Abound. Yield. 
 
 Fain, adj. and adv. Sax. fagen, 
 glad. See Glad and Gladly. 
 
 Faint. Old Fr., from Lat. 
 fingere, to feign. Feigning so as 
 to escape work, thence weary 
 even after work performed. Fr. 
 se feindre. Also used of the ob- 
 jects which have been faintly 
 treated, as faint writing, or which 
 have become faint by time or 
 . other causes. 
 
 Syn. Weak. Languid. Fatigued. Un- 
 energetic. Timid. Irresolute. Obscure. 
 Dim. i^ale. Faded. Inconspicuous. 
 
 Ant. Strong. Vigorous. Energetic. 
 Fresh. Daring. Resolute. Prominent. 
 ¥§rljec|. Conspicuous. Glaring. 
 
 Fair, adj. ^ax.fager. 
 
 Syn. Open. Clear. Spotless. Unbl<m- 
 ished. Serene. Beautiful. Just Honour' 
 able. Equitable. 
 
 Ant. lowering. Dull Foul. Dis- 
 figured. Ugly. Unfair. Dishonourable. 
 Fraudulent. 
 
 Fairly, adv. See Fair. 
 
 Fairness, n. See Fair. 
 
 Faith, n. Lat. fdes. See Be- 
 lief. 
 
 Faithful, adj. See Faith. 
 
 Syn. True. Firm. Attached. Loyal. 
 Accurate. Close. Consistent. Correspon ■ 
 dent. Exact. Equivalent 
 
 Ant. False. Fickle. Capricious. Wa- 
 vering. Inaccurate. Untrue. Faithless, 
 Inexact. 
 
 Falcation, n., Falciform, 
 adj. Falx, a reaping -liook. See 
 Curve. 
 
 Fall, v. int. Sax..faUan. 
 
 Syn. Drop. Descend. Decline. Gravi- 
 tate. Sink. Lapse. 
 
 Ant. Rise. Ascend. Soar. Mount 
 Clinib. Recover. 
 
 Fallacy, n. FaUacia,fallcre, 
 to deceive. A logical error. Used 
 also for error of reasoning or 
 conception generally. 
 
 Syn. Sophistry. Error. Blunder. Mis- 
 conception. Bugbear. Fiction. Delusioa 
 Chimera. 
 
 Ant. Truth. Verity. Fact lx)gic. 
 Argument. Soundness. Proof. Postulate. 
 Axiom. 
 
 Fallible, adj. See Fallacy. 
 
 Syn. Erring. Uncertain. Weak. Ig- 
 norant. ^ 
 
 Ant. Infallible. Certain. Omniscient 
 Unerring. 
 
 Fallow, adj. Sax. Conn 
 with the Lat. flavus. Supposed 
 to represent the yellow-brownish 
 colour of some lands when turned 
 up by the plough. Ploughed, 
 but not sown. Used metaphori' 
 cally. 
 
 Syn. Quiescent. Idle. UncnJb'vfited 
 Unproductive. Untilled. 
 
 Ant. Cultivated. Worked. Tilled. Sowa 
 Prod^ctive. Operative. Prolific Fruitful 
 
172 
 
 Synonyms and Antonym^. 
 
 Fa:.SK, adj. Fcdlere,falsus, to 
 
 deceive. 
 
 Sv-N. Untrue. Erroneous. Fallacious. 
 SophisticaL Spurious. Deceptive. Dis- 
 honourable. Faitliless. 
 
 Ant, True. Correct. Sound. Conclu- 
 sive. Authentic. Real. Genuine. Candid. 
 Honourable. Faithful. 
 
 Falsehood, n. See False. 
 
 Syn. Untruth. Error. Fallacy. So- 
 phistry. Deception. Forgery. Lie. Cheat. 
 
 Ant. Truth, Correctness. Verity. Fact. 
 Authenticity. Genuineness. Honesty. 
 Honour. Reality, 
 
 Falsify, v. tr. See False. 
 
 Syn. Mistake, Misinterpret, Misre- 
 present, Belie, Betray, Garble. Cook. 
 
 Ant, Verify. Correct Rectify, Certify, 
 Check, Justify. Exhibit. Publicate, Ex- 
 pose, Declare. 
 
 Falter, v. int. Spelt also 
 Faulter. See False. 
 
 .Syn. Halt. Hesitate. Hobble. Slip. 
 Dubitate, Stammer. Demur. Flinch. 
 Vacillate, 
 
 Ant. Proceed, Run. Speed. Flow. 
 Discourse. Determine, Persevere. Resolve. 
 Career. 
 
 Fame, n. Fama. Eeport, 
 both good and ill, but aow used 
 of honourable renown, except 
 when qualified by some addi- 
 tional expression. It is also used 
 of Report, irrespective of per- 
 sons. • 
 
 Syn. Report Rumour. Bruit, News. 
 Tidings. Renown. Glory. Hdnour. Lau- 
 rels, Celebrity, 
 
 Ant. Silence. Suppression. Hush. Dis- 
 grace. Dishonour. Disrepute. 
 
 FAMlLLiE, adj. Familia, the 
 household, including the famuli, or 
 servants. Said of things and 
 pei-sons. 
 
 Syn, Household. Common. Every-day, 
 Accustomed. Conversant Intimate. 
 
 Ant. Uncommon. Rare. Strange, Ex- 
 traordinary. Unaccustomed. Unacquainted. 
 New. Inconversant Unfamiliar. 
 
 Family, n. See Familiar. 
 Used scientifically as a metaphor 
 for class and order. 
 
 Famous, adj. See Fame. 
 
 Stk. Renowned. Glorious. Celebrated 
 Illustrious, 
 
 Ant. Inglorious, Unknown. Obscure. 
 Unrenowned, Unsung, 
 
 Fan, v.tr. Lat. vannus, win- 
 nowing fan. Used metaphori- 
 cally for excite, from fanning a 
 flame. See Allay. 
 
 Fanatic, n. See Fanaticism. 
 
 SvN, Enthusiast Bigot. 
 
 Ant, Sceptic. Unbeliever. Cynic, 
 
 Fanatical, adj. See Fanati- 
 cism. 
 
 Fanaticism, n. Fanaticm, 
 fanum, a temple. Excitement, as 
 by some deity into a state of 
 frenzy. 
 
 Syn. Frenzy. Enthusiasm. Supersti- 
 tion, Bigotry, 
 
 Ant, Indifference. Latitndinarianism. 
 Disbelief, Profanity, Disregard. Scepti- 
 cism. Coldness. Cynicism. 
 
 Fanciful, adj. <^ai/rao-io, 
 phantasy. Fancy. 
 
 Syn. Grotesque. Chimerical, Unreal. 
 Imaginary, Quaint Eccentric. Freakish. 
 Humoursome. Erroneous. Capricious. 
 Whimsical, Erratic. Absurd. Fitful. 
 
 Ant. Natural. Literal, Regular, Real. 
 Sober, Ordinary. Truthful, Accurate, 
 Correct Orderly. Calculable. 
 
 Fancy, n. See Fanciful. A 
 lighter form of the imagination, 
 or the object of it. Used also of 
 cases in which the imagination 
 determines or stimulates a pre- 
 ference. 
 
 Stn. Thought Belief. Idea, Supposi- 
 tion. Imagination. Caprice. Predilection. 
 Desire, 
 
 Ant. Object. Subject. Fact Reality. 
 Order. Law. Truth. System. Verity 
 Aversion, Horror. 
 
 Fantastic, adj. See Fanciful. 
 
 Fantasy, n. See Fancy. 
 
 Fab. Sax. See Distant. 
 
 Farcical. Farcire, to stuff. 
 A play stuffed full of nonsense- 
 01 ludicrous incident is a Farce. 
 
 Syn. Ludicrous, Comic. Funny, Non- 
 sensical. Droll. Pantomimic, 
 
 Ant. Grave. Serious. Solemn. Disni^l 
 Tragical, Funereal, GJiastly. 
 
Sijnonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 173 
 
 Park, v. Faire, to do. 
 Syn. Do. Ltr9. Feed. Subsist. Speed. 
 Ant. ToiL Fast. FaiL Droop. Sink. 
 Drop. Faint. Halt. Falter. 
 
 Fare, n. See Fare, v. Means 
 for performing the journey of 
 life generally, or any joumey in 
 particular, 
 
 Syn. Provision. Passage-money. 
 Ant. Starvation. Famine. Abstinence. 
 Pauperism. Mendicity. 
 
 Fascinate, v. tr. Lat. fasci- 
 nare. Gr. ^aa-Kaiveiv, to influence 
 1)1/ magical arts. See Bewitch. 
 
 Fasoination, n. See Fasci- 
 nate. 
 
 FAsmON, n. Fr. fagon, Lat. 
 facere, to make. 
 
 Syn. Form. Shape. Guise. Style. Ap- 
 pearance. Character. Figure. Mould. 
 Mode. Custom. 
 
 Ant. Person. Work. Dress. Speech. 
 Formlessness. Sliapelessness. Derange- 
 ment. Eccentricity. Strangeness. Out- 
 landishness. 
 
 Fast, adj. Sax. 
 
 It is hard to see how this word 
 could have acquired the meaning 
 of rapid, in addition to fixed or 
 fiure. The root idea seems to 
 have been permanencs or power 
 shown both in rest and motion. 
 Comp. Eestive, which means, 
 first, given to resting, and se- 
 condly, to restlessness. 
 
 Syn. Firm. Secure. Rapid. Accele- 
 rated. 
 
 Ant. Loose. Insecure. Slow. Tardy. 
 
 Fasten, v. tr. See Fast. 
 
 Syn. Secure. Hold. Compact. Grapple. 
 Attach. Fix. 
 
 Ant. Undo. Loose. Sever. Relax. 
 Detach. Remove. Unfasten. 
 
 Fastidious, adj. Fastidium, 
 a mitigated disgust or distaste. 
 Squeamishness ; hence diflSculty 
 to please on the ground of ovor- 
 nicety. 
 
 SvN. Critical. Dver-nice. Over-refined. 
 Oonsorious. Purytllious, Squeamish 
 Dainty 
 
 Ant. Easy. Indulgent. Uncritical. 
 Coarse. Omnivorous. 
 
 Fat, adj. Sax. Applied to 
 the quality of the constitution of 
 animals and of the soil. 
 
 Stn. Corpulent. Fleshy. Brawny. 
 Pursy. Rich. Luxuriant. Fertile. Unctuous, 
 Obese. Oleaginous. 
 
 Ant. Lean. Slender. Attenuated. Ema- 
 ciated. Barren, Poor. Scant Marrow- 
 less. Exsanguineoua. Anatomical. 
 
 Fatal, adj. Fatum, fate or 
 death. Ending in, or tending to 
 death. 
 
 Stn. Deadly. Destructive. Mortal. Lethal. 
 
 Ant. Beneficial. "Wholesome, Nutri- 
 tious. Vitalizing. Salubrious. Restora- 
 tive. Slight. Superficial. Harmless. 
 
 Fate, n. See Fatal. 
 
 Syn. Necessity. Destiny. Lot. End. 
 Doom. 
 
 Ant. Will. Choice. Decision. Free- 
 dom. Independence. 
 
 Fathom, v. tr. Sax. fadhem, 
 embrace. As much as a man can 
 measure with his arms extended 
 at right angles to his body, about 
 six feet. Hence to measure. 
 
 Stn. Gauge. Pierce. Measure. Sound. 
 Pi'obe. 
 
 Ant. Survey. Glance. Scan. Overlook 
 Miss. Graze. Skim. 
 
 Fathomless, adj. See Fa- 
 thom. 
 
 Stn. Bottomless. Profound. Abysmal 
 Ant. Superficial Shallow. Skin-deep. 
 
 Fatigue, n. Lat. fatigare, 
 from, fat iscor, to he weary. 
 
 Syn. Weariness. Exhaustion. Lassi- 
 tude. 
 
 Ant. Freshness. Vigour. Activity 
 Indefatigability. 
 
 Fatigue, v. See noun. 
 
 Stn. Harass. Weary. Tire. Jade. 
 Ant. Inspirit. Ilefresh. Animate. 
 Enliven. 
 
 Fatuity, n. Fatuus, vain, 
 fatuous. 
 
 Syn. Folly. Imbecility. Idiotcy In* 
 fftuation. 
 
 Ant. Wisdom. Sense. Soundness. Di» 
 ccmment. Sobriety 
 
 Fatu *U8, '^idj. See Futility. 
 
174 
 
 Si/nonyms and Anionj/MS. 
 
 Fault, 71. Fuller e, to deceive, 
 stumble, or slip. Used of what is 
 wrong or deficient in matters of 
 construction, arrangement, cha- 
 racter, conduct, statement, rea- 
 soning, and belief. 
 
 Syn. Defect. P>ror. Omission. Blem- 
 ish. Want Drawback. 
 
 Ant. Sufficiency. Correctness. Com- 
 pleteness. Perfection, 
 
 Faultless, adj. See Fault. 
 
 SvN. Complete Perfect. Correct. Ac- 
 curate. 
 
 Ant. Incomplete. Imperfect. Incorrect. 
 Inaccurate. Defective. Corrupt. Erroneous. 
 Faulty. 
 
 Faulty, adj. See Fault. 
 
 Favour, n. Favcyr, favere, to 
 favour. 
 
 Syn. Permission. Grace. Concession. 
 Predilection. Gift. Condescension, Pre- 
 ference, Boon. Countenance, Patronage. 
 
 Ant, Refusal. Denial. Prohibition. 
 Disfavour, Withdrawal. Withholding. 
 Fawn. Disapproval. Injury. Discountenance. 
 
 Favourable, adj. See Favour. 
 
 Syn. Permii^sive. Indulgent. Propi- 
 tious. Concessive. Partial. Fond. Libe- 
 ral. 
 
 Ant. Reluctant. Unpropitious, Un- 
 favourable. Impartial. 
 
 Favouritism, n. See Favour- 
 aHe. 
 
 Syn. Partiality. Invidiousness. 
 Ant. Odium. Prejudice. Antipathy. 
 
 Fawn, v. int. Sax. Conn, 
 with Fain. Pretend, followed 
 by the prep. Upon. 
 
 Syjj. Flatter, Wheedle. Cajole, Cringe. 
 Glaver. Slaver. 
 
 Aht. Insult. Deride. Satirize. Cen- 
 sure. Rebuke. Reprimand. Defy. Dare. 
 
 Fealty, n. See Fidelity. 
 Fear, n. Sax. /ar. 
 
 Stn. Apprehension. Solicitude. Alarm. 
 Fright. Dread. Terror. Misgiving. 
 Horror. Timidity. Awe. 
 
 Ant. Assurance. Confidence. Courage. 
 Fearlessness. Trust. Boldness. 
 
 Fearful, adj. See Fear. In- 
 fluenced by fear, and inspiring 
 fear : the former is becoming ob- 
 6olete. 
 
 Syk. Timid. Cautious. Shrli.klfift 
 Hesitating. Terrible. Awful. Horrible, 
 Dreadful. 
 
 Ant. Bold. Venturesome. Confident. 
 Audacious. Consolatory. Inspiriting. As- 
 suring. Alluring. Attractive. Hopeful. 
 Inviting. 
 
 Fearless, adj. See Fear and 
 Courageous. 
 Feasible, adj. Facere, to do. 
 
 Syn. Possible. Manageable. Contrlv- 
 able. Permissible. 
 
 Ant. Impossible. Unallowable. 
 
 Feat, n. Facere, factum. Em- 
 phatically a thing done. See 
 Achievement. 
 
 Featly, adv. See Feat. 
 
 Stn. Neatly. Cleverly. Dexterously. 
 Adroitly. 
 
 Ant. Clumsily. Hardly. Bungllngly. 
 
 Feature, n. Factura, facere, 
 a making or formation. Some- 
 thing which belongs to a whole 
 as a part and indication, and goes 
 to make it up. 
 
 Syn. Component. Element. Character- 
 istic. Indication. Portion. Mark. Linea- 
 ment. Sign. 
 
 Ant. Whole. System. Countenance. 
 Case. Arrangement. (Here the Antonym 
 is the Correlative.) Misindlcation. Falsifi- 
 cation. Excrescence, Blind. Mask. Dis- 
 guise. 
 
 Federation, n. See Con- 
 federacy. 
 
 Feeble, adj. Old Eng. Conn, 
 with jlebilis, Jiere, to weep. Piti- 
 able on accoimt of wretched- 
 ness, and thence wretched or 
 weak. Applied to persons, 
 efforts, and the results of efforts. 
 
 Stn. Wretched. Weak. Poor. Faint. 
 Infii-m. Incomplete. Vain. Fruitless. 
 Scanty. Pitiable, 
 
 Ant. Strong. Robust. Active. Effec- 
 tive. Successful, Abundant. 
 
 Feeling, n. Feel. Sax./eZo??, 
 to touch. Used both of physical 
 sensation and emotion of mind, 
 
 Syn. Touch. Sensation. Contact. Emo- 
 tion. Sentiment. Passion. Sensitiveness. 
 
 Ant. Insensibility. Callousness. Im- 
 perturbability. Inexcitability. ColdDess, 
 Insensateness. 
 
Btjnontjms and Anioni/^6. 
 
 175 
 
 J^EIGN, V. tr. 'Fr. feindrCi Lat. 
 jfingere. See Pretend. 
 
 Feint, w. See Feign and Pre- 
 t:euce. 
 
 Felicitate, v. tr. Felix, 
 fortunate. To sympathize on 
 the score of good fortune. See 
 Congratulate. 
 
 Felicitous, adj. See Felici- 
 tate. 
 
 Stn. Happy. Timely. Successful, Op- 
 portune. Joyous. 
 
 Ant. Unfortunate. Unhappy. Un- 
 timely. Unsuccessful. Disastrous. Inop- 
 portune. Sad. 
 
 Felicity, n. See Felicitous. 
 Fell, adj. Celtic, /«?. 
 
 Stn. Cruel. Barbarous. Inhuman. 
 Savage. Bloody. Direful. Truculent. 
 
 Ant. Generous. Chivalrous. Humane. 
 Lenient. Propitious. 
 
 Fell, v. tr. Sax.feUan. Conn, 
 with Fall. To cut down, as a 
 tree, or a forest. 
 
 Stn. Qnt. Level. Prostrate. Demolish. 
 Subvert. Waste. Bare. 
 
 Ant. Plant. Erect. Support. Propa- 
 gate. Stock. Upraise. Rear. 
 
 Fellow, n. Saxon. Conn, 
 with Follow. One who follows 
 another. 
 
 Stn. Companion. Adherent Member. 
 Match. Tally. Correlative. Partner. 
 Friend. Associate. 
 
 Ant. Foe. Opponent. Stranger. Mis- 
 match. Opposite. Antagonist. 
 
 Fellowship, n. See Fellow. 
 
 Stn. Association. Membership. Com- 
 pany. Partnership. Sociality. 
 
 Ant. Severance. Disconnection. Dis- 
 jt memberment. 
 
 i Felonious, adj'. Of the nature 
 I of felony. Felo, Law Lat. for 
 '' felon. Felony is, in law, distin- 
 guished specifically from misde- 
 meanour, but has a broader 
 sense popularly. See Criminal. 
 
 Feminine, adj\ Femina, a 
 woman. Womanly. 
 
 Stn. Delicate. Womanly. Tender 
 Modest. Soft. 
 
 ANT. Robust. Manly. Indelicate. Bude 
 Rough. Unfeminine. 
 
 Fence, v. tr. Fendere, to fend. 
 Comp. Defence. Has the double 
 sense of fencing in and fencing 
 ofr. 
 
 Stn. Circumscribe. Enclose. Protect 
 Elude. Parry. Stave. 
 
 Ant. Open. Disenclose. Catch. Receive. 
 Suffer. 
 
 Ferine, adj., Ferity, n. Fera, 
 a wild beast. See Savage. 
 
 Ferment, V. tw^. Fervimentum, 
 fermentum, iromfervere, to be hot, 
 or seethe. Used metaphorically 
 of feelings and designs. 
 
 Stn. Seethe. Concoct Brew. Warm. 
 Chafe. Effervesce. Fester. Rankle. 
 
 Ant. Damp. Cool. Dissipate. Subside, 
 Disperse. Evaporate. Heal. 
 
 Ferocity, n. Ferox, ferocious. 
 See Fierceness. 
 
 Fertile, adj. Fertilis, from 
 ferre, to bear or produce. Used 
 of natural productiveness and 
 moral causativeness, also of the 
 power of imagination and inven- 
 tion. 
 
 Stk. Rich. Luxuriant Productive. 
 Exuberant Causative. Conducive. Preg- 
 nant Fraught. Prolific. Ingenious. In- 
 ventive. 
 
 Ant. Poor. Sterile. Barren. Unpro- 
 ductive. Ineffective. Inconduclve. Fruit- 
 less. Inoperative. Uninventive. Unima- 
 ginative. 
 
 Fervour, n. See Ferment 
 and Ardour. 
 
 Fester, v. int. See Ferment. 
 
 Festive, adj'. Festivus,festum, 
 a feast or holiday. 
 
 Syn. Convivial. Jovial. Gay. Merry. 
 
 Ant. Solitary. Deserted. ABceiic. 
 Gloomy. 
 
 Festivity, w. See Festive. 
 Fetch, v. tr. Fetian. To 
 bring. See Bring. 
 Fetid, adj, Fatidus. St'.ok- 
 
176 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 SrN Stinking. Ctrmpt. Foul. 
 Ant. Inodorous. Fresh, rerfomed. 
 Scented. Balmy 
 
 Fetter, v. tr. Oonn. with 
 Feet, as manacle with manus, the 
 hand. 
 
 Syn. Manacle. Restrain. Hinder. Clog. 
 Impede. Shackle. 
 
 Ant. Free. Liberate. Expedite. Ac- 
 celerate. 
 
 Fbud, n. Sax. Conn, with 
 Foe and Fiend. An enmity, but 
 especially of a domestic or social 
 character, and perpetuated. 
 
 Syn. Enmity Antipathy. Animosity. 
 Quarrel. Strife. Bitterness. Dissension. 
 Hostility. 
 
 Ant. Friendliness. Sympathy. Con- 
 geniality, Clanship. Pacification. Recon- 
 ciliation. Sociality. Neighbourliness. 
 
 Fever, n. Fehris. Used me- 
 taphorically. 
 
 Syn. Heat. Ardour. Fervour, Broil. 
 Flush. Ferment. Passion. 
 
 Ant. Coolness. Composure. Frigidity. 
 Iciness. Indifference. 
 
 Few. Sax./ea. Scand. word, 
 conn, with Lat. paucus. 
 
 Syn. Scant. Rare, Lacking. 
 
 AwT. Many. Abundant, Numerous. 
 
 Fibre, n. Fr. fibre, Lat. fihra. 
 Used metaphorically for strength. 
 
 Syn, Strength. Sinews, Thews. Tough- 
 ness. 
 
 Ant. Laxity. Debility, Flabbiness. 
 
 Fickle, a^;*. Sax. ^coZ. Light 
 of touch; crafty. The mobility 
 of the word survives the crafti- 
 ness which produced it; the 
 lighthandedness having died out 
 of the expression. 
 
 Syn. Fanciful. Fitful. Capricious. 
 Irresolute. Changeable. Vacillating. Mu- 
 Uble. Unreliable. Veermg. Shifting. 
 
 Ant. Sober, Orderly. Reliable. "Well- 
 regulated. Calculable. Trustworthy. Steady. 
 Uniform, 
 
 Fiction, n. Fingere, fictus, to 
 feign. 
 
 Syn, Invention. Fabrication. Creation. 
 Figment. Fable. 
 
 Ant. Fact. Tnith. Verity Reality. 
 
 Fictitious, adj. Bee Fiction. 
 
 Syn. Unreal. Supposititious, SpliHott* 
 Imaginary. 
 
 Ant. Real. True. HistoricaL Oentdne, 
 Authentic, ^'■eritable 
 
 FldklITY, n. FideHs,faithfulf 
 fides, faith. Expresses regard to 
 an object of allegiance, which is 
 fealty ; and of imitation or re- 
 production, which is accuracy. 
 
 Syn, Fealty, Attachment, Truthfulness. 
 Allegiance. Accuracy. Closeness, Exact- 
 ness. 
 
 Ant. Treachery. Disloyalty. DisaflFec- 
 tion. Untruthfulness. Inaccuracy, Inex- 
 actness. Infidelity. 
 
 Field, n. Sa.x. field. Ground 
 that has been felled or cleared 
 of timber for cultivation. The 
 word is used metaphorically, as 
 a space or basis of delineation, 
 or a ground of thought or action. 
 
 Syn. Ground. Scope. Province. Arena. 
 Scene. Opportunity. Room, 
 
 Ant, Circumscription. Constraint. Ex- 
 clusion. Debarment. Interdiction. 
 
 Fiendish, adj. Fiend. Sax. 
 fian, to hate. See Angelic. 
 Fierce, adfi Jjoi. fierus. 
 
 Stn, Wild. Savage. Violent, Raging. 
 Fiery, 
 
 Ant. Mild. Tame. Docile. Harmless 
 Calm. Gentle. 
 
 Fierceness, n. See Fierce. 
 
 Fiery, adfi Fire. Sax. fiyr. 
 Conn, with Gr. nvp fire. 
 
 Syn. Hot. • Vehement Ardent, hm 
 vent. Fierce, Passionate, Irascible 
 Choleric, Excited. Enkindled, 
 
 Ant, Cold. Icy. IndiflFerent. Phleg 
 matic. Passionless. Unirapassioned. MiM 
 Quenched. Extinguished. Tame. 
 
 Fight, n. Sax. feoht. 
 
 Syn, Battle. Contention. Struggle, 
 Ant, Pacification. Reconciliation. 
 
 Figurative, adj. Figura, a 
 figure. In the sense of a figuru 
 of speech, a metaphorical form 
 of words. 
 
 Syn. Metaphorical. Tropical. Poetical 
 Rhetorical. 
 
 Ant. Literal. Prosaic. UnpoeticaL Un- 
 mctaphoricaL 
 
 Figure, n. See Figurative 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 177 
 
 Technically, the delineation of 
 an arithmetical symbol or nn- 
 meral. 
 
 Stn. Aspect. Condition. Appearance. 
 Form, Symbol. Metaphor. Delineation. 
 Illustration. 
 
 Ant. Misrepresentation. Deformity. 
 Disfiguri'ment. 
 
 Filch, v. tr. Goth, fillmn, to 
 hide or hury. To take furtively. 
 >S'ee Cabbage. 
 
 File, v. Sax. To nse the 
 file or rasp for the purpose of 
 smoothing; hence, to improve 
 by imparting a polish and finish. 
 To file, in the sense of foul, as in 
 t]ie~ word defile, is also Saxon, 
 but of different etymology. To 
 file, as soldiers do, is the Latin 
 filum, a thread. To move off in 
 a line or series. 
 
 Stn. Rasp. Polish. Smooth. Finish. 
 Perfect. Improve. Refine. 
 
 Ant. Roughen. Jag. Denticulate. 
 Acuminate, Barb. Cusp. Notch. 
 
 Filiation, n. See Affiliation. 
 
 Fill. Sax. fyllan, act. and 
 neut. 
 
 Stn. Replenish, Supply. Satisfy. 
 Gorge, Glut. Occupy. Appoint. Rise. 
 Swell. Grow. Expand. Increase. 
 
 Ant. Exhaust. Deprive. Drain. Dis- 
 satisfy. Stint. Vacate. Mlsappoint Sub- 
 side. Shrink. Ebb. Evaporate. Diminish. 
 
 Filter, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 fSirum, or feltrum,felt, a ivooUen 
 doth used as a strainer. 
 
 Stn. Strain. Percolate. Refine. Distn. 
 Ooze. Exude. Leak. Depurate. Defecate. 
 Clarify. 
 
 Ant. Befoul. Muddle, Disturb. Thicken. 
 
 r Filth, w. Sax. Conn, with 
 
 - Foul and File, as in Defile. 
 
 Filthy, adf. See Filth. 
 
 Stn, Dirty. Nasty, Foul. 
 Ant. Pure. Sweet. Clean. 
 
 Filtbation, n. See Filter. 
 
 FiMBBiATBD, adj. Fimbria, a 
 fringe. 
 
 Stn, Fringed, 'lasselled. Ulunei-toui 
 Art. Bound. Hemmed, UnfrJigeA 
 Selvedged, 
 
 Final, adj. Finis, the end. 
 
 Stn. Terminal. Conclusive. Defiuiilve 
 Developed. Ultimate. 
 
 Ant. Initiative. Open. Unconcluded 
 Progressive. Continuous. Current. In- 
 cipient Inaugural. Inchoate. Rud< 
 mentaL Nascent. 
 
 Finality, n. See Final. 
 
 Find, v. tr. Sax. findan. 
 
 Stn. Meet. Confront. Perceive. Dis- 
 cover. Furnish. Invent, 
 
 Ant, Misa, Elude. Overlook. Lose 
 Withhold. Withdraw. Miscontrive. 
 
 Fine, adj. A Northern word ; 
 but conn, with the Lat. Jinii,. 
 Having the fineness of finish; 
 but applied from that point 
 very widely, so as to express 
 artistic, moral, social, and intel- 
 lectual refinement The term is 
 also used disparagingly, in the 
 sense of over-fine, or affecting 
 undue fineness. 
 
 Stn. Thin. Minute. Smooth. Filmy 
 Gauzy. Keen. Art,istic. Choice. Finishod 
 High. Grand. Noble. Sensitive. Refined 
 Generous. Honourable. Pretentious. Os- 
 tentatious. Presumptuous. Nice. Casuib- 
 tical. Subtle. 
 
 Ash. Coarse. Large. Rough. Blunt 
 Rude. Unfinished. Mean. Petty. 11 
 liberal. Unlmposing. Paltry. Modest 
 Unaffected. Aflable. Categorical. Plain- 
 spoken. Unanalytical. Unreflective. In- 
 dissective. 
 
 FiNBEY, n. See Fine. Used 
 disparagingly of over-ornamenta- 
 tion in dress or furniture. 
 
 Stn. Over-ornament. Tawdriness. Tinsel. 
 Gewgaw. Trinkets. Trash. Dressiness. 
 Bedizenment. 
 
 Ant. Ornament. Dress. Decoration. 
 Adornment. Chastity. Simplicity. So- 
 briety 
 
 Finical, adj. See Fine. Af- 
 fecting refinement on a small 
 scale and unsuccessfully. 
 
 Stn. Affected. Dallying. Factitious. 
 Enphuistic. 
 
 Ant. Unaffected. Effective. JTacticaV 
 Energetic. Real. Genuine. Natural 
 Outspokea Blunt. Coarse. Rud(i 
 N 
 
178 
 
 ^t/nomjms and Antonyms. 
 
 Finish, v. tr. and int. Finis. 
 To bring to an end. 
 
 SvN. Complete. Conclude. Achieve. 
 End. Shape. Terminate. 
 
 Ant. Begin. Commence. Start Un- 
 dertake. Fail. Miscontrive. Mismanage, 
 Botch. Mar. 
 
 Finished, adj. See Finish. 
 Add. 
 
 Stn. Artistic. Perfect. High. Refined, 
 Ant. Inartistic. Incomplete. Rude, 
 Poor, Coarse, Unfinished, 
 
 Finite, adj. See Finish. 
 
 Syn, Limited. Bonnded, Restricted, 
 Ant, Unlimited, Unbounded, Infinite, 
 
 Fire, n. See Fiery. Used 
 \ietaphorically. 
 
 Firm, adj. Firmus. Used 
 physically and morally. 
 
 Sin. Fast. Secure. Strong. Established. 
 Rooted. Immovable. Resolute. Deter- 
 mined. Fixed Attached. 
 
 Ant, Loose, Insecure, Weak. Ill- 
 rooted. Tottering. Vacillating. Irresolute. 
 Ductile. Exorable. Indulgent. Wavering, 
 Disaffected, Unreliable. 
 
 First, ordinal adj. Sax. Conn, 
 with For, Forward, and pro, as 
 in the word Promote. It indi- 
 cates primacy of position, rank, 
 and importance. 
 
 Stn. leading. Forwnost, Principal. 
 
 Highest. CTiief. Earliest Onmost, 
 
 Ant, Subsequent Secondary. Subor- 
 dinate. Subservient Lowest Unim- 
 portant liast Hindmost, 
 
 Fit, adj. Comp. Featly. Made 
 with adaptation, but as an ad- 
 jective,^ rather used of moral than 
 material adaptation, except when 
 followed hy for. 
 
 Stn, Right. Decent Fitting, Adapted, 
 Seemly, Appropriate, Suitable, Prepared. 
 Adequate. Calculated. Contrived. Ex- 
 pedient. Proper. Ripe. 
 
 Ant. Awkward. Ungainly. Misfitting. 
 Ill-suited. Unseemly. Inappropriate. Un- 
 
 Boitable. Unprepared. Inadequate. Mis- 
 
 Ii 
 improper. Unfit 
 
 calculated, Miscontrlved. Inexpedient, 
 
 Fitful, adj. Not to be con- 
 founded with Fit, as above. Fit, 
 the noun^ is coimected with 
 
 Fight, Struggle, Convulsion. 
 So, Fitful is showing itself in de- 
 sultory effort. 
 
 Stn, Capricious. Desultory, Fanciftil. 
 Unequal. Irregular. 
 
 Ant. Regular. Equable, Systematic 
 Orderly, Calculable, 
 
 Fitness, n. See Fit. 
 
 Fitting, adj. See Fit. 
 
 Fix, v. tr. Figere,fixus. Used 
 physically and metaphysically, 
 as, to fix in the memory. 
 
 Syn, Place. Settle. Locate. Plant 
 Root Establish. Secure. Determine. De- 
 cide. 
 
 Ant. Displace. Unsettle. Disarrange, 
 Remove. Uproot. Transfer. Transplant 
 Disestablish. Weaken. Shake, Reverse. 
 Disturb. Change. Unfix, 
 
 Flaccid, adj. Lat. jlaccidns, 
 another form offlaccus, drooping. 
 
 Syn, Flabby, Limber, Lax, Tabid. 
 Ant. Firm. Muscular. Braced, Plump. 
 Chubby, Brawny. 
 
 Flag, v. int. See Flaccid. To 
 grow weary; become flaccid in 
 the muscles, and generally to 
 droop. 
 
 Stn. Droop. Pine. Weary. Tire. Give 
 in. Faint. Succumb. 
 
 Ant. Hold. Freshen. Flourish. Per- 
 severe. Battle. Struggle. Persist. Recruit 
 Recover. 
 
 Flagitious, adj. Flagitium, 
 a disgraceful act. 
 
 Stn. Faciuorous. Atrocious. Enonnous. 
 Monstrous. Disgraceful. Nefarious. Scan- 
 dalous. Flagrant Heinous. Aggravated. 
 
 Ant. Noble. Creditable, Honourable, 
 Meritorious. Distinguished, Pardonable, 
 Justifiable. Excusable, Extenuated. 
 
 Flagrant, adj. Flagrare, to 
 hum. Comp, Conflagration. Said 
 of acts done in the heat of exces- 
 sive passion, which is also the 
 derivation of flagitious. See Fla- 
 gitious. 
 
 Flame, n. Flamma. Used 
 metaphorically. See Fire. 
 
 Flaming, adj. See Flame. 
 
 Flaring, adj. Flar^. from 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms: 
 adj 
 
 flnrc, to hlow ado a fame ; or to- 
 blow as a flame or furnace. 
 Comp. Blast. Used metaphori- 
 cally of undue conspicuousness, 
 
 .Stn. Flaming. Glaring. Conspicuous. 
 Gaudy. Bright. Over-coloured. Flaunling. 
 Flashy. 
 
 Ant. Toned. Subdued. Harmonized. 
 Dull. Dim. Dowdy. Dingy. Keutral. 
 Colourless. 
 
 Flashy, adj. From Flash, 
 which was from Fr. flecJie a feu, 
 a lighted arrow, shot from the 
 walls, to light up the doings of 
 the besieging party. See Flaring. 
 
 Flat, adj. Comp. Germ, plat, 
 and Gr. nXarvs. Used meta- 
 phorically. 
 
 Stn. Dull. Tame. Insipid. Vapid. 
 
 Spiritless. 
 
 Ant. Exciting. Animated. Interesting. 
 Thrilling. Sensational. 
 
 Flatter, v. tr. Conn, with 
 Flat. To make flat. To smoothe 
 down. 
 
 Syn. See Fawn. 
 
 Flatterer, n. See Flatter. 
 Flaunt, v. tr. and int. Celtic. 
 
 Stn. Boast. Vaunt. Flutter. Flounce. 
 Display. Flourish. Parade. Figure. 
 Flout. 
 
 Ant. Suppresu Conceal. Retire. Re- 
 cede. Skulk. Hide. Shrivel, Collapse. 
 Furl. 
 
 Flavour, n. Der. uncertain. 
 Fragare, for jlagrare, to emit a 
 smell or fragrance. Applied 
 Bometimes to objects of smell, 
 but commonly to those of taste. 
 
 Syn. Taste. Savour. Smack. Odour. 
 Ant. Insipidity. Tastelessness. Mawk- 
 tohness. Lpodourousness. Scentlessness. 
 
 FtAW, n. Sax. floh, fragment 
 or chip. See Blemish. 
 
 Flee, v, int. Sax. fleon. See 
 Escape. Act. and ncut. 
 
 Fleece, v. tr. Sax. flys. Used 
 »nalogoTisly for strip. 
 
 Syn. Strip. Despoil. Shear. 
 Akt. Invest. Epdow Ku^uo 
 
 179 
 
 Fleet and 
 
 Fleet, adj. See 
 Swift. 
 
 Fleeting, adj. See Fleet and 
 Ephemeral. 
 
 Fleshy, adj. Sax. fldsc, lard. 
 Fat. See Fat. 
 
 Flexible, adj. Ftectere, to 
 bend, flexus. Easily bent. Used 
 metaphorically of character. 
 
 " ■ " Supple. Elastic. 
 In 
 
 Stn. Pliant. Lithe. 
 Easy. Indulgent. Ductile. 
 
 Ant. Tough. Rigid. Inelastic, 
 flexible. Hard. Inexorable, 
 
 Flexion, n. See Flexible and 
 Curve. 
 
 Flexure, n. See Flexion. 
 
 Flicker, v. int. Sax, Conn, 
 with Fly, Flutter, and Fledge. 
 
 Stn. Flutter, Quiver. Bicker. Falter. 
 
 Waver. Glimmer. Shimmer. Scintillate. 
 
 Ant. Stream. Blaze. Gleam. Shine 
 
 Flight, n. See Flee. 
 
 Stn. Volitation. Departure. Escape 
 Evasion. Disappearance. 
 
 Ant. Recurrence. Return. Reappear- 
 ance. Perching. Alighting. Repose. 
 
 Flighty, adj. See Flight and 
 Eccentric. 
 
 Flimsy, adj. Supposed to be 
 conn, with Limp. So being ori- 
 ginally limpsy. Used meta- 
 phorically for that kind of pre- 
 text which is so thin that it may 
 be seen through. 
 
 Syn. Gauzy. Poor. Thin. Transparent. 
 Trifling. Trivial. Puerile. Inane. 
 
 Ant. Solid. Sound. Irrefragable. Sub- 
 stantial. Cogent, 
 
 Flinch, v. int. Probably cor- 
 rupt, from Blench. 
 
 Syn. Blench. Swerve. Wince. Recoil 
 Ant. Dare. Face. Beiar. Meet. En- 
 dure. 
 
 Fling, v. tr. Allied to fligere. 
 To strike or cast. 
 
 Syn. Cast. Throw. Emit. Hurl 
 I^aculate. 
 
 Ant. Snatch. Grasp. Hold. Keep 
 Jletain, Arrest. 
 
 H 2 
 
180 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Flippant, adj. From flip, as 
 to flip aliout a whip. Dealing 
 with words easily, playfully, and 
 thoughtlessly, commonly with 
 satire or disrespect intermixed. 
 
 Syn. Pert. Saucy. Malapert 
 Ant. Flattering. Servile. Obsequious. 
 Accurate. Considerate. DeferentiaL Com- 
 plimentary. Respectful. 
 
 Flit, v. int. Conn, with Flee, 
 Flutter, and Fleet. See Flutter. 
 
 Flitting, adj. See Flutter. 
 
 Float, v. inf. Sax. fleotan. 
 Used metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Swim. Spread. Prevail. 
 Ant. Sink. Drown. Die. Vanish. 
 Founder. 
 
 Flock, v. Sax. flocc, a flock of 
 sheep ; floccus, wool. Gomp. Flake, 
 a piece of knotted wool. 
 
 Syn. Herd. Congregate. Assemble. 
 Crowd. 
 
 Ant. Disperse. Scatter. Separate. Se- 
 gregate. 
 
 Flock, n. See Floick, verb. 
 Flood, n. Sax. flod. Conn, 
 with Float. 
 
 SvN. Deluge. Inundation. Abundance. 
 Ant. Drought. Drain. Ebb. Scarcity. 
 Subsidence. 
 
 Florid, adj. Floridus, flos, 
 oris, a flower. Having the bright 
 colour of a flower, or over-orna- 
 mented. 
 
 Syn. Rubicund. Sanguine. Ornate. 
 Overwrought Meretricious. 
 
 Ant. Pallid. Exsanguineous. Bare. 
 Unadorned. Nude. Sober. Chaste. 
 
 Flounoe,v.«w^. Northern word. 
 Conn, with Plunge. See Flaunt. 
 
 Floundbr, v. int. Allied to 
 Flounce. 
 
 Syn. Roll. Blunder, Bungle. Boggle. 
 Wallow. Tumble. 
 
 Ant. Emerge. Flow. Course. Career. 
 Speed. Rise. Flourish. Skim. 
 
 Flourish, v. tr. and int. J^lo- 
 rcscere, flos, a flower. 
 
 Syn. I'rosper. Thrive. Speed. Triumph. 
 Brandish. 
 
 Ant. Fail. Fade. Decline. Miscarry. 
 fiJimder. Arrest Sheath. Ground. 
 
 Flout, v. int. See Flaunt. 
 
 Flow, v. int. Lat. fluere 
 Syn. Streanu Issue. Progress. 4tli,l?. 
 Course. Career. Run. 
 
 Ant. Halt Stick. Stickle. Stop. Hesi. 
 tate. Fail. Stint Beat Recoil Regur- 
 gitate. Ebb. 
 
 Flower, n. Flos, floris. Used 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Perfection. Acme. Pride. Orna- 
 ment Gem. Cream. 
 
 Ant. Disappointment. Deformity. Blot. 
 Abortion. Scum. Dregs. Blight 
 
 Flowing, adj. See Flow. 
 Used literally and metaphori- 
 cally. 
 
 Stn. Copious. Abundant Fhicnt. Ex- 
 uberant Easy. Eloquent 
 
 Ant. Dribbling. Dry. Strained. Meagre 
 Laboured. Unready. DifBcult 
 
 Fluctuate, v. int. Fluctus, a 
 wave. To move backwards and 
 forwards. 
 
 Stn. Waver. Oscillate. Vary. Veer. 
 Ant. Persist. Abide. Stay. Stick. 
 Adhere. 
 
 Fluent, adj. See Flowing. 
 
 Flummery, n. A "Welsh com- 
 pound of sour oatmeal and milk. 
 Poor stuff, and frq4hy. 
 
 Stn. Nonsense. Trash. Emptiness 
 Froth. 
 
 Ant. Sense. Nourishment. Satisfaction. 
 Solidity. Reason. 
 
 Flurry, v. tr. Prov. Eng. 
 To blow a.s with a sudden breeze. 
 Flare, to blow. 
 
 Syn. Agitate. Excite. Worry, RuCBe. 
 Fluster. 
 
 Ant. Soothe. Compose. Quiet Calm. 
 Mesmerize. 
 
 Flurry, n. See verb. 
 
 Fluster. Flustrwm, a swell 
 of the sea. See Flurry, noun and 
 verb. 
 
 Fluted, adj. Flute, from 
 flare, to blow. Shaped like a 
 flute, having a long groove. See 
 Corrugate. 
 
Synonyms and Anhnyms. 
 
 18i 
 
 i Fluttkr, v. int. Low Germ. 
 
 fluttern, to move tJie wings ra- 
 pidly. 
 
 Syn. Vibrate. Quiver Palpitate. 
 Flicker. Flit. 
 
 Ant. Perch. Roost. Nestle. Settle. 
 Subside. Collapse. Rest. Lull. Pause. 
 Repose, Sink. 
 
 Flux, n. Fluere, to flow'. Es- 
 pecially the departure of existent 
 particles to be renewed by fresh 
 ones. 
 
 Syn. Flow. Motion. Progression. 
 Change. Substitution. Transmutation. 
 
 Ant. Stagnation. Stillness. Invariable- 
 ness. Identity, Immutability. Crystalli- 
 zation. Arrestation. 
 
 Fly, v. int. Sax. fleogan. See 
 Flee. 
 
 Focus, n. Lat. focus, a hearth. 
 In optics the point of meeting for 
 reflected or refracted rays of 
 light. Used metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Centre. Stand-point. Rendez- 
 vous. Convergence. Nucleus. 
 
 Ant. Circle. Dispersion. Dissipation. 
 Divergence, 
 
 Foe, n. Sax. feon, to hate. 
 Conn, with Friend. See Friend. 
 
 Foggy, adj. Dan. fog, a 
 thick fall as of snow. Used 
 metaphorically of the senses and 
 ideas. 
 
 Syn. Confused, Dazed, Absent. Stupid. 
 Ila/.y. Obscure. Misty. 
 
 Ant. Clear. Alive. Alert. Awake. 
 Luiiiliious. Lucid. Bright. Shrewd. Sharp. 
 
 Foible, n. See Feeble. 
 
 SvN. Peccadillo. Weakness. Infirmity, 
 Ant. Crime. Atrocity. Enormity. Siu. 
 
 Foil, v. Fr. fouler, to tram- 
 jtle with the feet, heat down and 
 disarm, or render nugatory. See 
 Baffle and Counterfoil, which 
 partakes of the two senses of 
 folder and folium. 
 
 Foil, n. From folium, a leaf. 
 As tinfoil plated by jewellers be- 
 hind precious stones to enhance 
 their colour. 
 
 Stn. Set-off. Background. Contrast 
 Enhancement. Setting. Elucidation. 
 
 Ant. Eclipse. Outshining. Extinctloa 
 Overshadowing. 
 
 Foist, v. tr. Fr. fausser, to 
 falsify. To pass off surrepti- 
 tiously or unfairly upon another. 
 
 Sy-n. Falsify. Counterfeit, Palm, Pass, 
 Ant. Expose. Detect. Verify. Authenti* 
 cate. 
 
 Fold, v. tr. Sa,x.fealdan. 
 Syn, Double. Enfold. Embrace. In- 
 close. Wrap. 
 
 Ast. Unfold, Disengage, Expose. 
 
 Follow, v. tr. and int. Sax. 
 folgian. Act. and neut. 
 
 Syn, Pursue, Chase. Accompany. Obey. 
 Imitate. Succeed. Result. Ensue. At- 
 tend. 
 
 Ant, Avoid, Elude, Quit, Disobey. 
 Precede. Cause. Produce. Abandon. Shun. 
 
 Follower, n. See Follow. 
 
 Stn, Partisan, Adherent. Disciple, 
 Ant, Leader, Teacher. Antagonist 
 Opponent, Rival, 
 
 Folly, n. Fr. fou,a fool. 
 
 Syn, Madness. Nonsense, Misconduct 
 Imprudence. Silliness. 
 
 Ant, Sense, Wisdom, Sanity, Judg- 
 ment. Prudence. Sobriety. 
 
 Foment, v. tr. Fovimentum, 
 fomentum,fovere,to cherish. 
 
 Syn, Excite, Fan. Cherish. Propagate. 
 Encourage. 
 
 Ant, Allay, Extinguish. Discourage. 
 Extirpate. Quench. 
 
 Fond. Part, formed of an old 
 Eng. verhjfonne, to he foolish. To 
 be foolishly loving. It still re- 
 tains in one of its uses this force. 
 
 Syx. Loving. Attached. Affectiojiate 
 Foolish, Silly. Weak, Doting. Empty, 
 
 Ant, Unloving. UnafTectionate. Averse. 
 Strong-minded. Austere, Rational, Well- 
 grounded, Sensible, Undemonstrative. 
 
 Fondle, v. tr. See Fond. 
 
 Syn. Dandle. Pet. Caress. 
 Ant. Tease. Worry. Annoy. Chafe. 
 Irritate. Ruffle. 
 
 Fondness, n. See Fond, 
 Foolish, adj. See Folly. 
 
 Syn. Senseless. Idiotic, Crazed. Shal- 
 low. Weak, Silly. Injudicious. Irm- 
 tional. Absurd, Contemptible. Objectioo- 
 Able. 
 
i82 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Ant. Sensible. Sane. Deep. Clear- 
 stgbted. Sound. Sagacious. Strong- 
 mindcMl. Wise. Prudent. Judicious. Cal- 
 culating. Advisable. Eligible. 
 
 Footing, n. Sax.fot. 
 
 Si-N. Standing. Status. 
 Ant. Dlslodgement Ousting. 
 
 Foppish, adj\ Fop. Germ. 
 foppen, to jeer. A supercilious 
 coxcomb. 
 
 Syn. Finical. Coxcombical. Dandified. 
 Dressy. 
 
 Ant. Modest Unassuming. Unaffected. 
 Dowdy. Slovenly. Clownish, 
 
 Foray, n. Fr. fourage, Low 
 Lat. fodruni, fodder. A border 
 invasion for the sake of plunder. 
 
 Syn. Raid. Sally. Inroad. Dragonnade. 
 Escapade. 
 
 Ant. Flight. Retreat Recall. De- 
 campment Stampede. 
 
 Forbear, v. int. For, imply- 
 ing negation, and Bear, which 
 
 see. 
 
 Syn. Abstain. Refrain. Withhold. 
 Ant. Seek. Indulge. 
 
 ■ Forbid, v. tr. See Bid. 
 Forbidding, adj. See Forbid. 
 
 Syn. Repulsive. Deterrent. Prohibitory. 
 Ant. Attractive. Encouraging. Allur- 
 ing. Seductive. Permissive. 
 
 Force, n. Ft. force, I^sit. fortis, 
 stvong. 
 
 Syn. Power. Strength. Agency. In- 
 strumentality. Compulsion. Cogency. 
 Vigour. 
 
 Ant. Feebleness. Weakness. Counter- 
 action. Neutralization. Inefiaciency. In- 
 conclusiveness. Debility. Pointlessnesa. 
 
 Forego, v. tr. Go. Germ. 
 gehen. Fore, for expressive of 
 negation. 
 
 Syn. Waive. Drop. Abandon. Abjure. 
 Renounce. 
 
 Ant. Claim, Assume. Vindicate. Seize. 
 Grasp. Retain. 
 
 Foreign, adj. For aneus, f oris, 
 out of doors. Used metaphori- 
 cally in the sense of imcongenial 
 or unconnected. 
 
 Syn. Strange. Exotic. Outlandish. 
 Alien. Irrelevant 
 
 Ant. Domestic. Native Congenial. 
 Pertiuect. Germane. 
 
 Forerunner, n. Fore, afote, 
 and run. Goth, rinnmi, to run. 
 
 Syn. Predecessor. Precursor, Har- 
 binger. Herald. Avant-courier. 
 Ant. Successor. Follower. 
 
 Foresee, v. tr. Fore, for, be- 
 fore, and see. Sax. seen. 
 
 Syn. Predict Anticipate. Foretell. 
 Forecast. 
 
 Ant. Reflect Remember. Recollect 
 Recall. 
 
 Forestall, v. tr. Sax. stall, 
 a stand or station. To place be- 
 fore another; to be beforehand 
 in doing something. See Antici- 
 pation. 
 
 FoRESTALMENT, n. See Fore- 
 stall. 
 
 Foretell, v. tr. Fore, for 
 before, and tellan, Sax. to tell. 
 
 Syn. Predict Preindicate. Prognosti- 
 cate. Forebode. 
 
 Ant. Recite. Narrate. Detail 
 
 Forewarn, v. tr. See Warn. 
 
 Forfeit, n. Foris, factum, a 
 thing done beyond the bounds of 
 right, a transgression. Now the 
 effect of such transgression. 
 
 Syn. Fine. Penalty. Mulct Amerce- 
 ment. Damages. Loss. 
 
 Ant. Premium. Bribe. Douceur. Re- 
 muneration. Compensation. Reward. 
 Gratuity. 
 
 Forefend, v. tr. Fore and 
 fendere, to guard. Comp. De- 
 fend. 
 
 Syn. Stave. Obviate. Prevent 
 Ant. Rectify. Mend. Cure. Redress. 
 Remedy. 
 
 Forge, v. tr. Fabrica, the 
 workshop of the fdber or smith. To 
 make by a forge. Used in the 
 primary sense of fabricate, and 
 like fabricate in the sense also of 
 false fabrication. 
 
 Syn. Work. Frame. Produce. Ela- 
 borate. Fabricate. Counterfeit Feign, 
 Falsify. 
 
 Ant. Shatter. Batter. Shiver. Blast 
 
 Fuse. Detect Expose. Verify. Mis- 
 construe. Misfabrlcate. Misshape. 
 
Sifionyms and Antonyms. 
 
 183 
 
 the 
 
 See 
 
 Forgery, n. Used in 
 secondary sense of Forge. 
 Forge. 
 
 Syn. Falsification. Counterfeit. 
 Ant. Signature. Verification. Attesta- 
 tion. 
 
 Forget, v. tr. For, with the 
 sense of negation, and Get ; Sax. 
 getan. To let go from the 
 memory or the attention, some- 
 times involuntarily, and some- 
 times voluntarily. 
 
 SvN. Lose. Pretermit. Unlearn. Ob- 
 liviate. Overlook. 
 
 Ant. Acquire. Learn. Remember, Re- 
 collect. Mind. Retain. Treasure. 
 
 Forgive, v. tr. Fw, negative, 
 and Sax. gifan, to give. To give 
 up. Specifically, a claim for 
 compensation, or a feeling of 
 wrong. See Pardon. 
 
 Forgotten, adj. See Forget. 
 
 Stn. Unremembered. Bygone. Slighted. 
 Overlooked. Obsolete. 
 
 Ant. Remembered. Present. Treasured. 
 Guarded. Regarded. Cherished. 
 
 Forlorn. Sax. forloren, part. 
 of forleosmi, to for-loose. Cast 
 away, or apparently abandoned. 
 
 Syn. Abandoned. Deserted. Forsaken. 
 Solitary. Destitute. Desolate. Hapless. 
 Luckless. Helpless. Disconsolate. 
 
 Ant. Supported. Attended. Cherished. 
 Protected, Befriended. Cheered. 
 
 Form, v. tr. For mare, forma. 
 To shape. 
 
 Syn. Shape. Mould. Fashion. Consti- 
 tute. Arrange. Frame. Construct. Con- 
 trive. Conceive. 
 
 Ant. Deform. Dislocate. Distort Dissi- 
 pate. Derange. Dismember. Disintegrate, 
 Analyze. Disorganize. 
 
 Formal, adj. See Form. Ap- 
 plied to both persons and things, 
 and in each case meaning either, 
 according to form, or with a 
 strong or an unclue attention to 
 form. 
 
 Syn. Regular. Complete. Sliapely. 
 
 Sufficient. Correct, Stately. Dignified. 
 Ceremonious. Pompous. Stiff. 
 
 Ant. Irregular. Incomplete. Informal. 
 
 Inadequate. Incorrect, Easy. Unassum- 
 Ws. Unceremonlotis. 
 
 Formalism, n. See Form. 
 
 Syn. Rigidity. Ceremoniousness. Pom- 
 posity. Extemalism, Parade. Punctilio. 
 
 Ant. Simplicity, UnostentatiousneBS. 
 Unaffectedness, Unceremoniousness. 
 
 Formality, w. See Form. 
 
 Syn. Ceremony. Parade. Affectation. 
 Stateliness. Punctiliousness. Etiquette. 
 Ant. See Formalism. 
 
 Formation, n. See Form. 
 
 Syn. Shape. Structure. Construction. 
 Ant. Defjrmlty. Malformation. Dis 
 location. Distortion. 
 
 Former, adj. Sax. forma 
 Meaning the same thing. 
 
 Syn. Preceding. Antecedent. Previous, 
 Prior. Earlier. Ancient. Bygone. 
 
 Ant, Succeeding. Subsequent. Posterior 
 Latter. Modem. Coming. Future, 
 
 Formidable, adj. Formido, 
 terror. Calculated to inspire 
 terror, especially by a display of 
 superior strength, 
 
 Syn. Awful. Terrible. Alarming, Ter- 
 rifying. Discouraging. Serious. 
 
 Ant. Despicable, Weak, Contemptible. 
 Light. Trivial, 
 
 Formless, adj. See Form. 
 
 Forsake, v. tr. For and Seek. 
 To give up. See Abandon. 
 
 Forswear, v. tr. For and 
 Swear. Sax. swerian, to swear. 
 See Abjure.- 
 
 Forthwith, adv. Forth and 
 With. Attendantly upon some- 
 thing done or produced as its 
 immediate consequence. 
 
 Syn, Immediately. Directly. 
 Ant. By-and-by. Hereafter. Soon. 
 Presently. 
 
 Fortify, v. tr. Fortis, strong, 
 and /a cere, to make. 
 
 Syn. Strengthen. Confirm. Corroborate. 
 Garrison. 
 
 Ant. Weaken. Invalidate. Dismantle. 
 
 Fortitude, n. See Fortify. 
 
 Syn. Courage. Endurance. Braveness. 
 Calnmess. Resignation. Hardihood. Com- 
 posure, 
 
 Ant. Timidity, Flinching. Impatience, 
 Irrigation. Faintness. Delicacy. Effenu* 
 naiy. WomanishiieBs. Childishnees. 
 
184 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Fi^HTUiTous, adj. Fortuitus, 
 accidental, ixomfors, chance. 
 
 Syn. Accidental. Undesigned. 
 Ant. Designed. Purposed. 
 
 Fortunate, adj. Forfuna, 
 fortune. 
 
 StN. Lucky. Propitious. Happy. Fe- 
 .icitous. 
 
 VLnt. Unlucky Unfortunate. Unhappy, 
 [nfolicitous. 
 
 Fortune, n. See Fortunate 
 and Chance. 
 
 Forward, adj. Fore, in front, 
 and the termination,Ward. Conn, 
 with gitarder, to look, indicative 
 of direction. In addition to the 
 meaning of advancement, it 
 l>ears the moral signiiication of 
 being too much given to ad- 
 vancing one's self as a matter of 
 demeanour. 
 
 Syn. Advanced. Ready. Eager. 
 Anxious. Obtrusive, Self-assertive. Im- 
 Dertinent. 
 
 Ant. Tardy. Backward. Reluctant, 
 ndifferent. Slow. Retiring'. Modest. 
 
 Foster, v. tr. Sax. fontre, a 
 nurse, from fedan, to feed. See 
 Cherish. 
 
 Foul, adj. Fal. Conn, with 
 the File in Defile. See Corrupt. 
 
 Found, v. tr. Fundare, to 
 found, fundus, a bottom. 
 
 Syn. Establish. Institute. Ground. 
 Plant Root. 
 
 Ant. Disestablish. Subvert. Supplant. 
 Uproot. 
 
 Foundation. See Found. 
 
 Stn. Institution. Establishment. Foot- 
 ing. Base. 
 
 Ant. Disestablishment. Superstructure. 
 
 Founder, n. See Found. 
 
 Stn. Author. Instituter. Establisher. 
 Originator. Planter. 
 
 Aj^t. Subverter. Destroyer. 
 
 Founder, v. int. See Found 
 and Sink. 
 
 Fbaotioub, adj. Frangere, 
 fractus. Said of those the tenour 
 
 of whose demeanour breaks up 
 easily into opposition. 
 
 Stn. Snappish. Peevish. Cross. Pet- 
 tish. Fretful. 
 
 Ant. Good-humoured. Blithosomo. 
 Genial. Agreeable. Complaisant. 
 
 Fbagilb, adj. Frangere, to 
 break, fragilis, easily broken. 
 Stn. Delicate. Frail. Brittle. Weak, 
 Ant. Tough. Hardy. Stout. Strong. 
 
 Fragment, n. See Fragile. 
 
 Stn. Piece. Bit Chip. MorseL Drib, 
 let Scrap. 
 
 Ant. Bulk. Body. Mass. Whole. 
 
 Fragrant, adj. See Flagrant. 
 
 Stn. Odorous. Scented. Perfumed. 
 Balmy. 
 
 Ant. Inodorous. Scentless. Fetid. 
 
 Frail, adj. See Fragile, of 
 which it is a contraction. It has 
 a more direct application to 
 things moral than has Fragile, 
 which is used rather of things 
 material. 
 
 Stn. See Fragile. Add. Irresolute. 
 Erring. Mutable. 
 
 Ant. Resolute. Virtuous. Lasting. 
 
 Frame, v. tr. Sax. fremman. 
 See Form. 
 
 Franchise, n. Fi. franc, free. 
 Comp. Frank. 
 
 Stn. Freedom. Liberty. Immunity. 
 Exemption. Right 
 
 Ant. Obligation. Disability. Juristlic- 
 tion. Liability. Disqualification. 
 
 Frangible, adj. See Fragile.. 
 Frank, adj. See Franchise. 
 
 Stn. Ingenuous. Candid. Open. Un- 
 reserved. 
 
 Ant. Disingenuous. Close. Reserved. 
 
 Frantic, adj. For Frantic, 
 which from Phrenetic, which 
 •from (jyprjv, the mind. 
 
 Stn. Mad. Raving. Furious. Dis- 
 tracted. Wild. Frenzied. Maniacal. 
 
 Ant. Sane. Sober. Calm. Colled«d. 
 Cool. Unruffled. Composed. 
 
 Fraternity, n. Frater, a 
 brother. See Brotherhood. 
 
 Fraternize, v. int. See Vior 
 ternity, followed by prejj. with. 
 
 Stn. Sympathize. Consort. Co-operate 
 Ant. Renounce. Atjure. Forewew. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 im 
 
 FiiAUD^ n. Fraus, fraudis. 
 Deception generally, with a view 
 to one's own advantage and the 
 disadvantage of another. See 
 Cheat. 
 
 Fk AUGHT, adj, Goth. Allied 
 to Freight. More frequently 
 used of unfavourable things, as 
 * fraught with perils.' 
 
 Syn. Loaded. Full. Pregnant. Teem- 
 ing. Abounding. Charged. 
 
 Ant. Devoid. Divested. Exempt, 
 pjnpty. Wanting. Poor. Scant. 
 
 Fbkakish, adj. Freak. Goth. 
 
 Syn. Sportful. Frisky. Whimsical. 
 Fanciful. Capricious. Erratic. 
 
 Ant. Steady. Sober. Demure. Un- 
 whimsical. Unfanciful. Reliable. Con- 
 sistent Unifomi, PJquable. 
 
 Free, adj. Saxon. 
 
 SiTf. Detached. Playing. Operating. 
 Open. Unoccupied. Unobstructed. Un- 
 impeded. Permitted. Unhindered. Ex- 
 empt. Gratuitous. Unconditional. 
 
 Ant. Subservient. Bound. Shackled. 
 Kestiicted. Clogged. Occupied. Obstructed. 
 Impeded. Compulsory. Unlawful. Biassed. 
 Subject. Liable. Amenable. Conditional. 
 Qualified. 
 
 Freight, n. A later form of 
 Fraught. See Cargo. 
 
 Frenzy, n. See Frantic. 
 
 SrN. Fanaticism. Madness. Raving. 
 Fury. Fire. 
 
 Ant. Calm. Composure. CoUectedness. 
 Coolness. Sanity. Sobriety. Equanimity. 
 
 Frequent, adj. Frequens. 
 
 SvN. Many. Repeated. Numerous. 
 Recurrent. 
 
 Ant. Few. Solitary. Rare. Scanty. 
 Casual. 
 
 Fresh, adj. Yv.frakhe. 
 
 Syn. New. Young. Vigorous. Cool. 
 Recent. Renewed. Unimpaired. Un- 
 tarnished. Unfaded. Blooming. Ruddy. 
 
 Ant. Old. Stale. Jaded. Weary. For- 
 mer. Stagnant. Ordinary. Original. Jm- 
 paired. Tarnished. Fade'd. Decayed. 
 Pallid. Sickly. Putrid. Mouldy. Musty. 
 Fusty. 
 
 Fret, v. int. and tr. Fricare, 
 /rictus, to rid). Comp. Friction. 
 See Chafe. 
 
 FarxFUL, adj. See Fret. 
 
 Syn. Irritable. Fractious. Peevish. 
 Impatient. 
 
 Ant. Patient. Forbearing. Meek. Con- 
 tented. Resigned. Unmurmuring. 
 
 Friable, adj. Lat. friare, to 
 crumble. See Fragile. 
 
 Fribble, v. int. Conn, with 
 Frivolous. See Trifle. 
 
 FRiCTioir, n. Fricare, f rictus , 
 to rub. 
 
 Syn. Rubbing. Grating. Attrition. 
 Abrasion. Contact. 
 
 Ant. Lubrication. Detachment. Isola- 
 tion. Non-contact. 
 
 Friend, n. Sax. freogan, to 
 love. It expresses every degree 
 of acquaintance short of enmity. 
 
 Si-N. Associate. Companion. Acquaint- 
 ance. Familiar. Ally. Coa<yutor. Confi- 
 dant. Adherent. 
 
 Ant. Opponent. Foe. Adversary. An- 
 tagonist. Enemy. 
 
 Friendless, adj. See Friend 
 and Forlorn. 
 Friendly, adj. See Friend. 
 
 Syn. Well-inclined. Well-disposed'. 
 Amicable. Kindly. 
 
 Ant. Ill-inclined. Ill-disposed. Hostile. 
 Inimical. Adverse, Antagonistic. 
 
 Friendship, n. . See Friend. 
 
 Fright, n. Sax. fyrhtu. Fear. 
 See Alarm. 
 Frightful, adj. See Fright. 
 
 Syn. Terrible. Horrible. Alarming 
 Ugly. Hideous. Monstrous. Dreadful. 
 
 Ant. Pleasing. Attractive. Fair. Beauti- 
 ful. Encouraging. Lovely. 
 
 Frigid, adj. FrUjidus, frigus, 
 cold. 
 
 Syn. Cold. Inanimate. Lifeless. Pas- 
 sionless. 
 
 Ant. Warm. Ardent Impassioned. 
 
 Fringe, v. tr. Lat. jimhria. 
 See Fimbriated. 
 
 Frippery, n. Fr. friper, to 
 rumple or waste. Frippery, there- 
 fore, is primarily cast-off finery, 
 and thence finery in general. 
 
 Syn. Trumpery. Finery. Tawdrines*. 
 Ant. Apparel. Costume. Uniform 
 Dress. Decoration. Ornament 
 
im 
 
 SynmijmB and Aniomjms. 
 
 Fbibk, v. int. Old Fr. /risque, 
 fresh. Comp. Fresh. 
 
 S™. sport. Leap. Jump. Play. Dance. 
 Wanton. 
 
 Ant. Lie. Ruminate. Rest. Repose. 
 
 Roost. Mope. Sulk. 
 
 Frisky, adj. See Frisk. 
 
 Syn. Sportive. Playful. Wanton. 
 Akt. Demure. Sedate. Meditative. 
 Pensive. 
 
 Fritter, v. tr. Frigere,frictum, 
 to fry. To fritter or to break 
 into small pieces as if for frying. 
 Metaphorically, to trifle, or waste. 
 
 Syn. Dribble. Waste. Idle. Dissipate. 
 Ant. Economize. Husband. Cultivate. 
 
 Frivolous, adj. Frivolus. 
 Applied to character and pur- 
 suits, or objects. 
 
 Syn. Trifling. Silly. Trivial. Petty. 
 Ant. Serious. Earnest. Important. 
 Grave. 
 
 Frolic, qi. Old Sax. frah, 
 glad. 
 
 Stn. Play. Game. Sport. Festivity. 
 Entertainment. Gambol. 
 
 Ant. Study. Undertaking. Purpose. 
 Engagement. Occupation. 
 
 Frolicsome, adj. See Frolic. 
 
 Syn. Playful. Gamesome. Sportive, 
 Wanton. Festive. 
 
 Ani. Serious. Grave. Studious. La- 
 borious. Earnest. 
 
 Front, n. Frons, frontis, 
 face or forehead. See Face. 
 
 Froth, n. Sax. freodhan, to 
 rub or lather. Used metaphori- 
 cally. See Balderdash. 
 
 Froward, adj. A contraction 
 of Fromward, that is, pulling in 
 a contrary direction. 
 
 Syn. Contrary. Perverse. Untoward. 
 Wayward. Refractory. 
 
 Ant. Favourable. Docile. Amenable. 
 Ductile. Agreeable, Obedient. 
 
 Frown, v. int. Fr. se reffogner. 
 Used metaphorically for Disap- 
 prove, with the prep. upon. See 
 Favour. 
 
 Fructify, v. int. Fmctus, 
 fruit, VhA. facer e, to make 
 
 Syn. Produce. Teem. Bear. Abound 
 Multiply. 
 
 Ant. Wither. Waste. Pine. Droop. 
 Die. 
 
 Frugal, adj. Fruges, fruit, 
 frugi, fit for food. First, simple 
 in diet, and thence economical 
 generally. 
 
 Stk. Sparing. Economical. Parsi- 
 monious. Abstinent. Abstemious. Tem- 
 perate. 
 
 Aht. Profuse. Luxurious, Extrava- 
 gant. Prodigal. Self-indulgent. Intem- 
 perate. 
 
 Fruit, n. Fructus. Used 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Stk. Production. Outcome. Outgrowth 
 Result. Consequence, Produce. Reward. 
 
 Aht. Seed. Origin. Cause. Growth 
 Operation. 
 
 Fruitful, adj. See Fruit. 
 
 Stk. Productive. Prolific. Pregnant 
 Fraught. Causative. Effectual. Useful 
 Successful. 
 
 Aht. Unproductive. Sterile. Barren 
 Fruitless. Ineffectual. Useless. Abortive 
 
 Fruition, n. Frui, to enjoy, 
 whence Fruit. 
 
 Stk. Reaping. Attainment. Enjoy- 
 ment. Use. Possession. 
 
 Akt. Disappointment. Loss. Non^ 
 attainment. 
 
 Fruitless, adj. See Fruitful. 
 
 Frustrate, v. tr. Frustru 
 in vain. To cause te be in vain. 
 See Baffle. 
 
 Frustration, n. See Frus- 
 trate and Disappointment. 
 
 Fugacious, adj. Fugax, fro 
 fugere, to fly. 
 
 Syn. Ephemeral. Fugitive, Fleeting; 
 Transient. 
 
 Ant. Persistent. Perennial, Perpetual. 
 Permanent. 
 
 Fugitive, adj. See Fugacious. 
 
 Fulfil, v. tr. A tautological 
 or repetitive compound of full 
 and fill. To fill to the full. 
 
 Stn. Fill. Complete. Discharge. Verify. 
 Ant. Neglect. Ignore. Disappoint 
 Falsify. 
 
 Full, odj. Part. adj. frouc 
 Fill, Sax. fyUan. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 187 
 
 Bth. lieplete. Stocked. Furnished. 
 Satisfied. Complete. 
 
 Aht, Wanting. Unprovided. Devoid. 
 Destitute. Unfurnished. Unsatisfied. 
 Empty. Incomplete. 
 
 Fulminate. Fulmen, thunder- 
 holt. To cast as it were the 
 thunder of denunciation, fol- 
 lowed by prep, against. 
 
 Stn. Ihunder. Clamour. Roar, Voci- 
 ferate. Denounce. 
 
 Ant. Laud. Panegyrize. Eulogize. 
 
 Fulsome, adj. Sax. ful. * Foul, 
 and the termination of quahty. 
 Some. 
 
 Skn. Excessive. Gross. Loathsome. 
 Nauseous. 
 
 Ant. Chaste. Sober. Nice. Delicate. 
 
 Fumble, v. int. Prov. Eng. 
 Fumble, to do imperfectly. See 
 Bungle. 
 
 Fumbleb, n. See Fumble. 
 
 Fume, v. int. Lat. fumus, 
 smoke. 
 
 Syn. Vapour. Chafe. Frown. 
 
 Ant. Acquiesce. Smile. 
 
 Fumigate. See Fume and 
 Smoke. 
 
 Function, n. Fungi, to dis- 
 charge. 
 
 Syn. Office. Part. Character. Capacity. 
 Business. Administration. Discharge. 
 Operation. Exercise. 
 
 Ant. Usurpation. Maladministration. 
 JM isconduct. Misdemeanour. 
 
 Functionary, n. See Func- 
 tion. 
 
 Syn. Official. Officer. Servant Per- 
 sonage. 
 
 Ant. 5ee Function. . 
 
 Fund, n. Lat. fundus, bottom 
 or foundation. A stock which 
 shall be the basis of operations. 
 
 Stn. Stock. CapitaL Investment. 
 Ant. Expenditure. Outlay. Disburse- 
 ment., 
 
 Fundamental, adj. Funda- 
 mentum, a foundation. Apper- 
 taining to the foundation, and 
 hence important. 
 
 Ss"H. Primary. Inportant. Indispen- 
 sable. Essential. 
 
 Ant. Secondary. Unimportant. Ad 
 ventitious. Ascititious. Non-essential. 
 
 Funereal, adj. Funus, eris^ 
 a funeral. 
 
 Stn. Lugubrious. Dismal. Woeful 
 Sombre. Mournful Plaintive. Deathlike, 
 
 Ant, Joyous. Festive. Ridiculous. 
 Funny. Stirring. Lively. Farcical 
 
 Funny, adj. Sax. Fean, Joys. 
 Applied to objects and persons. 
 
 Sth. Sportive. Droll. Comical. Laugh- 
 able. Humorous. Jocose. Ridiculous. 
 
 Akt. Dull Tedious. Mournful Lugu- 
 brious. Dismal Grave. Serious. Sad. 
 Lamentable. 
 
 FuBBiBH, V. tr. Fr. fourhir. 
 
 Stn. Brighten. Polish. Burnish. 
 Ant Dull. Cloud. Tarnish. 
 
 FuRIOUB, adj. Furor, mad' 
 ness. See Frantic. 
 
 Furnish, v. tr. Yr.fournir. 
 
 Stn. Supply. Provide. Equip. Afford. 
 Aht. Withhold. Withdraw. Dismantle. 
 
 Further, v. Sax. fordh, forth. 
 To move forth. See Advance. 
 
 Furtive, adj. Furtivus,fur, 
 a thief. 
 
 Stn. Stealthy. Clandestine. Secretive. 
 Secret. Sly. 
 
 AsT. Open. Public. Undisguised. Un- 
 reserved. Unconcealed. 
 
 Fury, n. See Furious. 
 Fuse, v. tr. Fundere, fusus, 
 to pour. Liquefy by heat. 
 
 Stn. Liquefy. Melt. Smelt. Amal- 
 gamate. Commingle. Consolidate. 
 
 Ant. Disunite. Disincorporate. Diffuae. 
 
 Fusion, n. See Fuse. 
 
 Fuss, n. Sax. fiis, ready, 
 quick. 
 
 Stn. Stir. Excitement. Tumult, Worry. 
 Ado. Bustle. Flurry. Fidget. 
 
 Ant. Quiet. Peace. Sedateness, Trail- 
 quiility. Composure, Calm. 
 
 Fustian, n. A coarse twilled 
 cotton stuff. So called from 
 Fostat, or Fossat, Cairo, where it 
 was made. Used metaphori- 
 cally for inflated-, empty talk. 
 See Bombast. 
 
188 
 
 Fusty, adj. Old Fv. fust, a 
 cask. Smelling of the cask. See 
 Fresh. 
 
 Futile, aJj. Futilis, easily 
 poured out. From fundere, to 
 pour; hence weak, as wanting 
 solidity. 
 
 Stn. Weak. Ineffective. Useless. Nu- 
 gatory. Unavailing. 
 
 Ant. Powerful. Effective. Cogent. 
 Useful. Solid. Substantial. 
 
 Future, adj. Futurtis, part. 
 of esse, to be. About to be. 
 
 Syn. Fortbcoming. Coming. Advenient. 
 Ant. Gone. Bygone. Past. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gabbls, n. Sax. gahhan, to 
 scoff. Originally, therefore, de- 
 risive talk. Now idle and rapid 
 talk with little sense or meaning. 
 
 Syii. Prate. Jabber. Jargon. Stuff. 
 Babble. Rattle. Twaddle. Gibber. Chatter. 
 Gibberish. 
 
 Ant. Conversation. Speech. Eloquence. 
 Reticence. Taciturnity. Mincing. Mouthi- 
 ness. Grandiloquence. Euphuism. 
 
 Gabble, v. int. See noun. 
 
 Gaffer, n. Contraction of 
 goodfather, as Gammer of good- 
 mother. Cora p. Goody. After- 
 wards used disrespectfully. See 
 Codger. 
 
 Gag, v. Sax. ccifj, a hey. To 
 lock up a person's talk. Applied 
 to the person himself. 
 
 SynI Silence. Stifle. Burke. Muzzle. 
 Hush. 
 
 Ant. Evoke, Provoke. Lispire. Ani- 
 mate. 
 
 Gage, v. tr. Low. Lat. gadium, 
 
 Synomjms and Antonyms. 
 Gain, v. tr. 
 
 vadium, Gothic, vadi, a fledge, 
 from vidan, to bind. 
 
 Syn. Engage, Bind. Pledge. Secure. 
 Pawn, deposit. 
 
 Akt. lirtimate. Promise. Acquit. Re- 
 i**ae. Redeem. 
 
 Gaiety, v. See Gay. 
 
 and ird. Fi 
 
 win. Procuia 
 
 Beneficial. AdvaD' 
 
 gagner. 
 
 Stn. Acquire. Get. 
 Obtain, Profit. Benefit. 
 
 Ant, Lose, Forfeit. Suffer, 
 
 Gain, n. See verb. 
 Gainful, adj. See Gain. 
 
 SrN, Profitable, 
 tageous. Winning. 
 
 Ant, Unprofitable. DetrimentaL In- 
 jurious. Disadvantageous. Gainless. Losing, 
 
 Gainless, adj. See Gainful. 
 
 Gainsay, v. tr. Sax. gean, 
 against, and say. It is applied 
 to persons and their statements. 
 See Affirm. 
 
 Galaxy, n. yaka, milk. The 
 assemblage of stars called the 
 IMilky Way. Used metaphori- 
 cally for an illustrious or fair 
 assembly. See Bevy. 
 
 Gallant, adj. Fr. gala, show. 
 Like the word Brave, courage- 
 ous and showy in dress. Also 
 courteous to the fair sex, in 
 which case, for distinction sake, 
 the accent is thrown on the latter 
 syllable. The noun keeps up 
 the old combination of knightly 
 qualities, not excluding the 
 vicious excess of gallantry, 
 
 Syn. Brave. Chivalrous. Courteous. 
 Ant. Cowardly, Cliurlish. Discou) teons. 
 
 Gambol, v. iut. Old English, 
 
 SvN. Frolic. Sport. Frisk. I^lay. Caper, 
 Ant. Tire. Weary. Droop. Flag. 
 
 Gambol, n. See verb. 
 Game, ri. Sax, gamen, sport. 
 
 Syn, Sport. Recreation. Pastime. 
 Amusement. Frolic. 
 
 Ant. Study. Toil. I>ab(iur. Business. 
 Duty. Weariness. Flagging. 
 
 Gamesome, adj. See Game 
 and Merry. 
 
 Gang, n. Sax. Meaning & 
 going. A number going to- 
 I gether. Never used in an iio- 
 nourable sense. See Crew. 
 
Sijnonyms and Antomjms. 
 
 189 
 
 Gap, II. Conn, with Gab and 
 Gape. An opening or break. See 
 Continuance. 
 
 Garb, n. Norm. Fr. garhs. 
 Clothes or dress; more espe- 
 cially an official, national, or in 
 some way peculiar dress. 
 
 Srs. Dress. Uniform. Clothing. Cos- 
 tume. Vestments. Apparel. 
 
 Ant. Undress. Tatters. Rags, Shreds. 
 Nudity. 
 
 Garbage, n. Old Fr. garher, 
 to make clean. That which is 
 thrown away, especially in pre- 
 paring animals for food. Used 
 metaphorically for offscourings 
 and refuse of anything. See 
 Cream. 
 
 Garble. Lat. garhellare, for 
 cribellare, from cribellum, dim. 
 of crihrum, a sieve, or the Low 
 Lat. garhellare, to sift corn. The 
 term was originally used of 
 cleansing impurities from valu- 
 able spices. Hence, to select 
 such passages from writings or 
 statements as may suit one's own 
 purpose. 
 
 Syn. Misrepresent. Misquote. Mutilate. 
 Cook. Dress. Colour. 
 
 Ant, Quote. Cite, Extract, Recite. 
 
 Garbled, adj. See Garble. 
 
 Garnish, v. tr. Fr. gamir, to 
 protect. Conn, with Warn. Ori- 
 ginally, to bind or secure with 
 ornamental work. 
 
 • Stn. Deck. Furnish, Adorn, Dress. 
 Furbish. Beautify. Embellish. 
 Ant. Denude. Strip. Dismantle. 
 
 Garniture, n. See Garnish. 
 
 Garrulity, n. Oarrulus, talk- 
 ative. 
 
 Syn. Verbosity. Loquacity. Talkative- 
 n<;88. Chatter. 
 
 Ant. Reticence. Taciturnity. Laconlsm. 
 
 Garrulous, adf. See Gar- 
 rulity. 
 
 Gather, v. tr. Sax. gadrian^ 
 to gather. See Collect, whose 
 meanings it follows. 
 
 Gaud, n. Gaudium, joy. A 
 paltry piece of ornament. 
 
 Stn. Trinket. Trumpery. Finery 
 Gewgaw. Bauble. Kickshaw. Gimcrack 
 Whim. 
 
 Ant. Decoration. Ornament, Gem. 
 Jewel. Valuable. 
 
 Gaudy, adj. See Gaud. 
 
 Syn. Tawdry. Fine. Meretricious. 
 Airr. Rich. Simple. Handsome. Chaste 
 
 Gauge, v. Old Fr. gauge, a 
 liquid measure. 
 
 Stn. Measure, Fathom. Probe. 
 
 Ant. Survey. Coiyecture. View, Scan 
 Guess. Observe. Mismeasurc. 
 
 Gaunt, adj. Der. uncertain. 
 
 Stw. Grim. Savage. Lean, Hungry. 
 Ant, Docile. Tractable. Tame. Sleek. 
 Well-fed. 
 
 Gawky, adj. Sax. geac, a 
 cuckoo, some silly ungainly bird. 
 
 Syn. Awkward. Ungainly. 
 
 Ant. Neat. Handy. Graceful. Hand- 
 some, 
 
 Gay, adj. Fr. gai. Used as 
 an epithet of character or dispo- 
 sition, and of scenes or objects. 
 
 Syn, Merry, BUthe. Lively. Sprightly. 
 Sportive. Smart. Festive. Gladsome. 
 Pleasuresome. 
 
 Ant. Heavy. Melancholy. Grave. 
 Sombre. Dull. Dowdy. Sad. 
 
 Gaze, v. int. Sax. gasan, to 
 smite. To stare, being smitten 
 with interest or wonder. 
 
 Syn. Stare. Contemplate. Scan. Behold. 
 Regard. View. 
 
 Ant. Wink. Ignore. Overlook. C^le 
 Disregard. Glance. 
 
 Gear, n. Sax. geara, jpiwision^ 
 furniture. 
 
 Syn. Harness. B'urniture. Accoutre- 
 ments. Trappings. Tackle. Appurtenance. 
 Rigging. Paraphernalia. 
 
 Ant. Dismantlement. Unrig, rntrim 
 Unharness. Undress. Divestment. Strip 
 ping. Disarray 
 
190 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Gelatinous, adj. Fr. gelatine, 
 from gelare, to congeal, whicli 
 from gelu, cold. Conn, with Jelly. 
 
 Stk. Viscous. Albuminous. Mucila- 
 ginous. Gummy. Glairy. Glutinous. 
 Semifluid. liemous. 
 
 Ant. Limpid. Sparkling. Crystalline. 
 
 Geltd, adj. See Gelatinous. 
 
 Syn. Frigid. Cold. Icy. 
 Ant. Warm. Genial. 
 
 Gem, n. • Gemma, a hud or 
 signet'. A valuable of small size. 
 A precious stone. See Gaud. 
 
 Generality, n. Genus, kind 
 or class. That which includes 
 many species and individuals. 
 
 ■Syn. Mass. Bulk. Body. Majority. 
 Ant. Section. Minority. Exception. 
 Individuality 
 
 Generalization, n. The re- 
 ducing of individual objects or 
 terms to genera or classes. See 
 Abstraction. 
 
 Generate, v. tr. Genus, a 
 race ; generare, to propagate. 
 
 Stn. Engender, Produce. Propagate. 
 Originate. 
 
 Ant. Stifle. Extinguish. Terminate. 
 
 Generation, n. See Generate. 
 Used also in the sense of so 
 many individuals of a race as 
 may be at a given time coex- 
 istent. 
 
 Syn. Age. Period. Era. Epoch. Life- 
 time. 
 
 Ant. Perpetuity. Eternity Immor- 
 tality. 
 
 Generic, adj. See Generate. 
 Belonging to the class, as dis- 
 tinguished from the peculiarities 
 of individuals. 
 
 Stn. General. Common. Collective. 
 ANT. Particular. PersonaL Specific. 
 
 Generous, adj. Generous 
 meant of good genus or birth ; 
 and when the virtues were attri- 
 buted to such, as it was once the 
 tendency to do, the word Gene- 
 rous was formed to express one 
 of their imputed characteristics. 
 
 Stn. Noble. Chivalrous. Libeial. f>ta» 
 Interested. 
 
 Ant. Mean. Ignoble. PJiberal. Selflsb 
 Churlish. 
 
 Genial, adj. Genius was, 
 properly, the tutelar deity of 
 each person ; hence, the life. So 
 Genial, that which tended to 
 promote or preserve life. 
 
 Syn. Warm. Cordial. Balmy. Revivi- 
 fying. Restorative. 
 
 Ant. Cold, glutting. Harsh. Deleteri- 
 ous. Noxious. Deadly. Blighting. De- 
 structive. Ungcnial. Lethal. 
 
 Genius, n. See Genial. Used 
 also for that peculiar gift which 
 shows itself in inventive or crea- 
 .tive power, or the discovery of 
 new combinations. Talent, on 
 the other hand, is the adapting, 
 measuring, and weighing faculty. 
 Talent shows itself in operation 
 or action; Genius, in discovery 
 and creation. It is laxly used 
 in the sense of the following. 
 
 Stk. Talent. Cleverness. Inventiveness. 
 Creativeness. Intellect. Skill. Giftedness. 
 Ideality. 
 
 Ant. Stolidity. Stupidity Inanity 
 Imbecility. 
 
 Genteel, adj. Gentilis, he- 
 longing to a geris, or family, espe- 
 cially to higii family. The word 
 is fast growing into disfavour. 
 
 Stn. PoUte, Well-bred. Refined. Cour- 
 teous. Fashionable. Elegant Aristo- 
 cratic. 
 
 Ant. Rude. Boorish. Ill-bred. Clownish. 
 Unfashionable. Unpolished. Inelegant. 
 Plebeian. 
 
 Gentility, n. See Genteel. 
 
 Gentle, adj. See Genteel 
 for derivation, and remarks on 
 Generous. 
 
 Stn. Courteous. Poht«. High-bred. 
 Mildt Bland. Tame. Docile. 
 
 Ant. Rough. Rude. Coarse. Fieme 
 Savage. 
 
 Gentlemanlike, adj. Scti 
 Gentle and GenteeJ. 
 
 Gently, adv. See Gently. 
 
Syiiomjins and Antonyms. 
 
 Genuine, adj. Genuinus, 
 genus. Belonging to the true 
 source or stock. 
 
 Stn. Authentic. Trne. Sound. Un- 
 adulterated. Veritable. 
 
 An-j*. Spurious. Fictitious. Adulterated. 
 Apocryphal. 
 
 Germ, n. Lat. germen, from 
 (jerere, to hear. 
 
 Stk. Seed. Nucleus. Embryo. Origin. 
 Ant. Fruit. Development. Kesult. 
 
 Germane, adj. German, a 
 Celtic word, meaning neighbour, 
 that is, to the Gaul. 
 
 Syn. Allied. Kindred. Related. Homo- 
 geneous. Appropriate. 
 
 Ant. Unconnected, Foreign. Alien. 
 Irrelevant. 
 
 Germinate, v. int. See Germ. 
 
 Stn. Sprout. Shoot. Bud. 
 Ant. Rot. Decay. 
 
 Gesticulate, v., Gesticula- 
 tion, n. Gesticulari, from gerere, 
 to bear (one's self). See Attitude. 
 
 Gesture, n. Gestura, gerere, 
 to bear {one's self). A significant, 
 or in some way appropriate or 
 illustrative movement. See At- 
 titude. 
 
 Get, v. tr. Sax. getan. 
 
 Stn. Gain. Procure. Acquire. Earn. 
 Ant. Lose. Forfeit. Surrender. Forego. 
 
 Gewgaw, n. Fr. joujou, 
 Eng. gaud. See Gaud. 
 
 Ghastly, adj. Sax. gdst, glwst 
 or spirit. 
 
 Stn. Deathlike. Spectral. Pallid. 
 Hideous. Shocking. 
 
 Ant. Blooming. Fresh. Comely. Seemly. 
 Buxom. Ruddy. 
 
 Ghost, n. See Ghastly. 
 
 Syn. Spectre. Apparition. Spirit. 
 Ant. Body. Animal. Organism. 
 
 Giant, n. Fr. geant, Lat. 
 gigas, Gr. yrjyevr]?, eartlihorn, or 
 sprung from the earth. 
 
 Stn. Monster. Cyclops. Colossus. 
 
 Ant. Dwarf. Pigmy. Elf. Sylph, 
 
 Gibber, v. int. Allied to 
 Jabber and Gabble. See Gabble. 
 
 191 
 
 See Gibber 
 
 Gibberish, 
 and Gabble. 
 
 Gibbous, adj. GiVbosus, from 
 gibbus, a hump. 
 
 Stn. Convex. Protuberant Hnnch* 
 backed. 
 
 Ant. Plane Flat, Linear. Concave 
 Depressed. 
 
 , Gibe, v. int. Fr. giber. To 
 deride. 
 
 Syn. Sneer. Scoff. Ridicule. Taunt. 
 Ant. Salute. Compliment. 
 
 Giddy, adj. Sax. gidig. Hav- 
 ing the feeling of giddiness, or 
 the character of giddiness, or 
 tendency to produce giddiness, 
 as, a giddy height. 
 
 SXN. Whirling. Vertiginous. Thought- 
 less. Inconstant. Unsteady. Lofty. 
 Beetling. 
 
 Ant. Stationary. Slow. Ponderous. 
 Thoughtful. Earnest. Steady. Low, Un« 
 elevated. Wary, Circumspect. 
 
 Gift, n. Sax. gifan, to give. 
 Something given. 
 
 Syn. Dtmation. Present. Grant, Boon. 
 Gratuity. Benefaction. Endowment. Talent. 
 Faculty. 
 
 Ant. Reservation. Refusal. Wagf^s. 
 Purchase. Earnings. Compensation, Re- 
 muneration, Inanity. Stupidity, Forfeit 
 Penalty, Fine. Surrender, 
 
 Gigantic, adj. See Giant. 
 Like the appearance or the 
 strength of a giant. 
 
 Syn. ColossaL Huge. Enormous. Her- 
 culean, 
 
 Akt, Puny. Dwarfish. Feeble. 
 
 Giggle, n. Lat. cachinnare. 
 Silly laughter. 
 
 SvN. Cachinnation, Grin. Titter. 
 Ant, Sob. Whimper. Whine, Blulber 
 
 Giggle, v. int. See noun. 
 
 Gild, v. tr. Sax. gold. To 
 overlay with gold. Used meta- 
 phorically for to embellish. See 
 Adorn. 
 
 Gilding, n. See Gild. 
 GiMCRACK, n. An Old Eng. 
 word, apparently employed at 
 
192 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 first of weak and pert characters. 
 Transferred to objects of cheap 
 pretentiousness. See Gewgaw. 
 
 Gird, v. tr. Sax. gyrdan. 
 
 Syn. Surround. Encircle. Hem. En- 
 viron, Belt. Enclose. Engirdle. 
 
 Ant. Disclose. Open. Expand. Disen- 
 circle. Disengirdle. Ungird. 
 
 Girdle, v. tr. See Gird. 
 
 Girth, n. See Gird. The 
 measure of the girding in band 
 or outKne. 
 
 Gist, n. Fr. giste, a lying. 
 That in which the force of a 
 thing emphatically lies. 
 
 Syn. Essence. Pith. Marrow. Sub- 
 stance. Kernel. Force. 
 
 Ant. Surplusage. Redundancy. Addi- 
 tament. Environment. Accessories. Garb. 
 Clothing. 
 
 Give, v. tr. See Gift. 
 
 Syn. Bestow. Grant. Confer. Impart. 
 Yield. Produce. Surrender. C!oncede. 
 Present. Afford. Communicate. 
 
 Ant. Withhold. Withdraw. Refuse. 
 Retain. Grasp. Fail. Restrain. Deny. 
 
 Glabrous, adj. Lat. glaher. 
 Having a surface free of hairs 
 or such like small excrescences. 
 
 Syn. Smooth. Polished. Bald. Shiny. 
 Sleek. Glacial. Glassy. 
 
 Ant. Rough. Hairy. Bristly. Wrinkled. 
 Hank. Shaggy. Hirsute. 
 
 Glad, adj. Sax. glad. Used 
 both of persons possessing, and 
 objects or occurrences producing, 
 gladness. 
 
 Syn. Happy. Joyous. Pleased. Grati- 
 fied. Blithesome. Gleeful. 
 
 Ant. Unhappy. Sorrowful. Disastrous. 
 Sorry. Disappointed. Dismal. 
 
 Gladden, v. tr. See Glad. 
 
 Syn. Rejoice. Cheer. Gratify. Exhi- 
 larate. 
 
 Ant. Grieve. Dispirit Disappoint. 
 
 Depress. Afflict. Trouble. Wound. 
 
 Gladness, n. See Glad. 
 
 Gladsome, adj. See Glad. 
 Conducive to gladness, or of a 
 glad nature. 
 
 Glairy, adj. Fr. glaire, the 
 white of an egg. See Gelatinous. 
 
 Glamour, n. Perhaps y\axf 
 KZfjLa, a white secretion q>' the 
 eyes, accompanied by indistinct- 
 ness of vision. Metaphorically, a 
 distorted or deceptive vision. 
 
 Syn. Hallucination, Vislonariness. Din 
 tortion. Blindness. 
 
 Ant. Clearsightedness. Obeervation. 
 Penetration. 
 
 Glance, v. int. Germ, glanz, 
 Jlash. Followed by prep. at. 
 See Gaze. 
 
 Glare, v. int. Allied to Lat. 
 clarus. To shine with a strong 
 and steady brightness, to which 
 has been added the idea of ex- 
 cessive or unsubdued brightness. 
 
 Syn. Beam. Shine. Gleam. Ray. 
 Radiate. 
 
 Ant. Shimmer. Scintillate. Glitter. 
 Smoulder, Glimmer. Glisten. Glister. 
 Sparkle. Flash, Flicker. 
 
 Glare, n. See verb. 
 Glaringly, adv. See Glare. 
 
 Syn. Broadly. Obviously. Manifestly. 
 Conspicuously. ' 
 
 Ant. Covertly. Doubtfully. Obscurely. 
 Suggestively. Suspiciously. 
 
 Glassy, adj. Having any one 
 or more of the properties oi 
 
 glass. Sax. glds. 
 
 Stn. Vitreous. Smooth. Polished 
 Glacial. Glabrous. Brittle. Transparent 
 Crystalline. Pellucid. Limpid. Glossy. 
 Silken. 
 
 Ant, Rough. Uneven. Rugged. Pliant 
 Tough. Opaque. Luteous. Muddy. Tur- 
 bid. Scabrous, 
 
 Glaver, V. tr. and int. To 
 flatter. See Glabrous and Flatter. 
 To smoothe down with words. 
 
 Glaze, v. tr. See Glassy. To 
 make glassy. 
 
 Syn. Vitrefy. Gloss. Polish. Barniph. 
 Furbish, 
 
 AST. Roughen. Corrugate. Rumple 
 Crumple. 
 
 Gleam, j>. int. Sax. ;ldioan, 
 to shine. See Glare. 
 
Sijnony^iis and Antomjms» 
 
 1»3 
 
 Glean, v. tr. Fr. glaner. The 
 ^ord is probably connected with 
 clean. To collect, so as to leave 
 clean ; to clear off. tiee Collect, 
 whoso meanings it largely fol- 
 lows, meaning, like it, to gather 
 together, tc sum up, and to learn 
 or infer. 
 
 Glbe, 11. Old English. Comp. 
 Glad. 
 
 Glib, adj. Dutch gllppen, to 
 slide. Allowing a body to slip 
 easily over its surface. Metaphori- 
 cally applied to ease of speech. 
 
 Syn. Slippery. Voluble. Smooth. 
 Fluent. 
 
 Ant. Rough. Abrupt. Hesitating. 
 Stammering. 
 
 Glimmke, V. int. Germ, glim- 
 mern., to glimmer. See Glare. 
 
 Glimpse, n. See Glimmer. 
 
 Stn. Sight. Inkling. Glance. Glim- 
 mering. Survey. 
 
 Ant. Observation. Scrutiny. Investi- 
 gation. Inspection. Analysis. Examina- 
 tion. Exposure. 
 
 Glisten, v. int. Sax. gleslan. 
 See Glare. 
 
 GhiSTEUfV.int. Geim. glistcrn. 
 See Glare. 
 
 Glitter, v. int. Germ, glittern. 
 See Glare. 
 
 Gloat, v. int. Germ, glotzcn^ 
 to look. Used in an unfavour- 
 able sense, and followed by the 
 iwep. over. 
 
 Stn. Revel. Glut. Feast. 
 Ant. Avoid. Shun. Loathe. Abomi- 
 nate. 
 
 Glomeration, n. See Con- 
 glomeration. 
 
 Gloom, n. Old Eng. Comp. 
 Glum and Gloam. 
 
 Stn. Gloaming. Twilight. Obscurity. 
 Shadow. Oliscuration. 
 
 Amt. Light. Radiacjce. Clearness. 
 Brightness. Daylight. 
 
 Glorify, v. tr, Gloria, glory, 
 and facere, to mcke, To make 
 subject of praise, or illustrious. 
 
 Syr, Jlxalt. Honour. Elevate. I^ad. 
 Pra'se. Signalize. Magnify. Aggrandize. 
 
 Ant. Depress. Debase. Abuse. Cen- 
 sure, J)egrade. Decry. Abase. Defame. 
 
 Glory, n. See Glorify. 
 
 Stn. Brightness. Radiance. Effulgence. 
 Honour. Fame. Celebrity. 
 
 Ant. Obscurity. Ignominy. Cloud. 
 Dishonour. Degradation. 
 
 Gloss, n. The meanings of 
 this word seem to flow from two 
 sources. Germ, gleissen, to glisten, 
 gives it that of brightness or 
 polish ; the Gr. yXaxraa (whence 
 Glossary), that of interpretation, 
 but with a bias to a particular 
 meaning. y\6eiu, to polish, has 
 been suggested as an obsolete 
 root of yX&a-aa, the tongue. 
 
 Stn. Polish. Lustre. Misinterpreta- 
 tion. Distortion. Perversion. Twist. 
 Plea. I'retence. Speciousness. 
 
 Ant. Nebulousness. Haze. Literal- 
 ness. Truth. Representation. Interpreta- 
 tion. Reality. Verity. 
 
 Gloss, v. tr. See Gloss, n. 
 
 Glow, v. int. Sax. gloivan. 
 See Glare. 
 
 Glozi, v. tr. See Gloss. 
 
 Glut, v. tr. Lat. glutire, 
 Comp. Deglutition. 
 
 Stn. Gorge. Fill. Stuff. Cram. 
 Ant. Disgorge. Empty. Void. 
 
 Glut, n. See verh. Add. 
 
 Stn. Surplus. Redundancy. SuF«r- 
 fluity. Overstock. 
 
 Ant. Scarcity. Scantiness. Drainage 
 Exhaustion. Dearth. Failure. 
 
 Glutinous, adj. Olutcn^glue. 
 See Gelatinous. 
 
 Gluttony, n. Glutton. See 
 Glut. 
 
 Syn. Greed. Gormandizement Voracitar 
 Deglutition. 
 
 Ant. Atetincnco. Frugality. ANV^ 
 miousness. Tcniptrance. Vegctarianleici. 
 O 
 
194 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Gnaw, v. tr. Sax. gnagan, to 
 lite. Used metaphorically. 
 
 Stu. Bite. CJorrode. Canker. Vex. 
 Nibble. 
 
 Aht. Soothe. Gladden. Soften, Ease. 
 Comfort. Refresh. 
 
 Go, V. int. Sax. gangan, Germ. 
 gehen. Comp. Gang, a num- 
 ber going together. 
 
 SiK. Move, Depart. Pass. Travel. 
 Vanish, Reach. Extend. 
 
 Akt. Stand. Stay. Come. Remain. 
 Abide. Rest. Persist Endure. Lacic. 
 FaiL 
 
 Goal, n. Fr. gaule, a pole or 
 winning-post. 
 
 Sm End, Scope. Aim. Termination, 
 Close, Attainment Consummation. Ar- 
 rival, 
 
 Ant, Commencement. Starting-point. 
 Course. Effort. Appetitlon. 
 
 Gobble, v. tr. Old Fr. goh, 
 a morsel. 
 
 Sin, Swallow. Gorge, Bolt. 
 Ant, Disgorge. Vomit 
 
 Godless, adj. Without Grod. 
 See Wicked. 
 
 Godliness, n. See Piety. 
 
 Good, adj. Sax. gody good. 
 
 Syn. Right Complete. Sound. Vir- 
 tuous. Pious. Benevolent. Propitious. 
 Serviceable. Suitable. EfiBcient Sufficient. 
 Competent Valid. Real, Actual. Con- 
 siderable. Honourable. Reputable. 
 
 Ant. Wrong. Imperfect Unsound. 
 Vicious. Profane. Niggardly. Unpropi- 
 tlous. Unserviceable. Unsuitable. In- 
 efficient Inadequate. Incompetent In- 
 valid. Fictitious. Supposititious. Incon- 
 siderable. Mean. DisgracefuL Disreput- 
 able, Bad. EviL 
 
 Good, n. See adj. 
 
 Stk. Boon. Benefit Advantage. Gain. 
 Blessing. Meroy. 
 
 Akt. Hurt L^jury. Loss. Detriment, 
 Evil, Disadvantage. 111. Calamity. In- 
 fliction. Curse, 
 
 Goodly, adj. See above. 
 
 Stk. Pleasant Desirable. Fair. Comely. 
 Considerable. 
 
 AUT. Unpleasant Undesirable, Un- 
 comely. Inconsiderable. 
 
 GoBGS, V. tr. To swallow 
 greedily, and in large quantities. 
 
 Fr. gorge, the throat. See Swal- 
 low. 
 
 Gorgeous, adj. Old Fr. gor- 
 gras, a ruff or neckerchief. Comp. 
 Gorge and Gorget, neck armour, 
 thence applied to highly orna- 
 mental array in general, and also 
 to decorations. 
 
 St», Magnificent. Splendid. Costly 
 Rich. Superb 
 
 Ant. Poor. Naked. Bare. Cheap. 
 Threadbare. Dowdy. Dingy. 
 
 Gormandize, v. tr. and iiit. Fr. 
 gourmand, a glutton. See Gob- 
 ble. 
 
 Gossip, n. and v. int. Sax. 
 God sib, relation in God. God- 
 father or godmother. The re- 
 lationship giving an opportunity 
 of discussing domestic matters, 
 the word Gossip came to mean a 
 babbler about the private affairs 
 of others. See Babble and Bab- 
 bler. 
 
 Govern, v. tr. Gubernare, 
 to ride or steer. 
 
 Stn. Rule, Direct ControL Moderate. 
 Guide. Sway. 
 
 Ant, Misrule. Misdirect. Miscontrol. 
 
 Governor, n. See Govern. 
 
 Grab, v. tr. Conn, with Grab- 
 ble, Grapple, and Gripe. See 
 Snatch. 
 
 Grabble, v. int. Frequent; of 
 Grab. See Grovel. 
 
 Grace, n. Gratia. Physical 
 and moral gracefulness, the latter 
 being shown in condescension 
 and benevolence. Grace has 
 sometimes the sense of endow- 
 ment as the result of kindness or 
 love, as in theology. 
 
 Stn. Favour. Beauty. Condeacensioa. 
 Kindness. Elegance. 
 
 Ant. Disfavour. Deformity. Prida 
 Dnkindness. Inelegance. Awkwardnoni 
 Gawkiness. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 195 
 
 (t1 BACKLESS, adj. See Grace. 
 Commonly used to mean want- 
 ing grace in its moral or reli- 
 gious sense. 
 
 Syn. Ungraceful. Vicious. Scampish. 
 Reprobate. Abandoned. Worthless. 
 
 Ant, Graceful. Virtuous. Conscientious. 
 Upright Worthy. 
 
 Gkacious, adj. See Grace. 
 
 SxN. Affable. Courteous. Benignant 
 Kind. 
 
 Ant. Haughty. Discourteous. Ill-dis- 
 posed. Ungracious. Churlish. 
 
 Gradation, n. Gradus, a 
 step. Used for the point and 
 the process of it. 
 
 Stn. Stage. Tier. Degree, Rank. 
 Graduation. Ordination. Arrangement 
 Precedency. 
 
 Ant. Equality. Uniformity. Fraternity. 
 Abruptness. Saltation. 
 
 Grade, n. Degree. See Gra- 
 dation. 
 
 Gradual, adj. See Gradation. 
 Step by step. 
 
 Syn. Slow. Continuoua. Unintermit- 
 tciit. Gradational. 
 
 Ant. Sudden. Momentary. Instan- 
 taneous. Periodic. Recurrent, Intermit- 
 tent Discontinuous. Brolcen, Discon- 
 nected. 
 
 Graduate, v. tr. See Gra- 
 dation. To arrange in rank. See 
 Classify. 
 
 I Graft, v. tr. Old Eng. graf. 
 
 " Stn. Bud. Insert Incorporate. Inocu- 
 
 late. 
 
 Ant. See Int(^ate. 
 
 Grain, n. Oranum, a seed. 
 Conn, with com and kernel. 
 Used metaphorically in the sense 
 of— 
 
 Stk, Essence. Nature. Will. Texture. 
 Disposition. Affection. Inducement 
 Treatment 
 • Ant. Influence. Circumstance. 
 
 Grand, adf. Grandis. 
 
 Stk Large. Dignified. Imposing. Im- 
 portant Eventful. Magnificent 
 
 Ant. Little. Undignified. Unimposing. 
 Secondary. Inferior. Unimportant Petty. 
 Paltry. Beggarly Mean. Commoi: In- 
 significant 
 
 Grandeur, n. See Grand, 
 
 Syn. Dignity, Magnificence. 
 Ant. Meanness. Paltriness. 
 
 Grandiloquence, n. Grandh, 
 grand, and lofjtii, to speaJc. 
 
 Syn. Verbosity. Pomposity. Mouth!* 
 ncss. Grandiosity. Altiloquence. Stilted' 
 ness. Euphuism. Turgidity. Fofltian. 
 Bombast. 
 
 Ant. Simplicity, Plain-spokenness. 
 NaTvetd. Unaffectedness. Vernacular. 
 
 Grandiose, culf. See Grand. 
 Used in an unfavourable sense of 
 the affectation of impressiveness 
 in style of speech and maimers. 
 
 Syn. See Grandiloquence. 
 
 Grant, v. tr. Old Eng. graunf. 
 Supposed to be from credentare, 
 which from credere, to believe or 
 trust. 
 
 Stn. Give. Allot Bestow. Confer 
 Transfer. Admit Allow. Concede. 
 
 Ant. Withhold. Withdraw. Reserve. 
 Resume. Deny. 
 
 GbAPHIO, adj. ypd<f)€iVj to 
 
 write or describe. 
 
 Stn, Picturesque. Illustrative. Ijc- 
 scriptive. Pictorial. 
 
 Ant. Unpicturesque. Unillustrative. 
 Undescriptive. 
 
 Grapple, v. int. Conn, with 
 Grab. See Contend. 
 
 Grasp, v. tr. Old Germ, grab- 
 ben. Used physically and in- 
 tellectually. See Grab. 
 
 Stn. Seize. Hold. Clasp. Retain. 
 Comprehend. 
 
 Ant. Loose. Lose. Abandon. Re- 
 linquish. Surrender. Release. Miss. Mis- 
 miderstand. 
 
 Grate, v. tr. and int. Fr. 
 gratter. 
 
 Stn. Rub. Scrape. Jar. Scratch. 
 
 Ant. Glide. Slip. Slide. Lubricate. 
 
 Grateful, adj. Grains, plea- 
 sant, grateful. 
 
 Stn. Pleasant Acceptable. Agreeable. 
 Thankful Obliged. Welcome. 
 
 Ant. Unpleasant Unacceptable, !>!». 
 agreeable. Ungrateful. Disobliged. 
 
 Gratification, n. Gratm. 
 pleasant, facerCf to make. 
 
196 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 SiK. Pleasure. Enjoyment. Satisfac- 
 tion. Indulgence. 
 
 Aft. Pain. Dislike. Disappointment. 
 Alwtinence. Abnegation. Slitting. Disci- 
 pline. Inurement. 
 
 Gbatify, V. tr. See Gratifica- 
 tion. 
 
 Stk, Please. Satisfy. Indulge. Hu- 
 mour. 
 
 Ant. Displease. Dissatisfy. Disappoint. 
 Stint. Discipline. Inure. Harden. De- 
 prive. Deny. 
 
 Gratitude, n. Sec Gratifica- 
 tion. 
 
 Si-N. Thankfulness. 
 
 Ant. Uiiihankfulness. Ingratitude. 
 'I'lianklossncss. Oblivion. Kesenlment. 
 Indignation. 
 
 Gratuitous, adj. Lat. gratis. 
 Has the twofold meaning of 
 without equivalent and without 
 propriety; that is, imcallcd for 
 by circumstances. 
 
 SrN. Free. Uncompensated. Voluntary. 
 Unwarranted. Groundless. Wanton. 
 
 Ant. Compulsory. Involuntary. Obli- 
 gatory. Necessitated. WaiTanted. Well- 
 founded. 
 
 Gratuity, n. See Gratuitous. 
 
 Stn. See Bonus. 
 
 Gratulation, n. See Con- 
 gratulation. 
 
 Grave, adj. Gravis, heavy. 
 The word is not used of physical 
 things, but events, considera- 
 tions, circumstances, character, 
 and demeanour. 
 
 Stn. Sad. Serious. Demnre. Solemn. 
 Important. Aggravated. Heavy. Cogent. 
 
 ^Vnt. Joyous. Merry. Facetious. Ridi- 
 culous. Unimjwrtant. Trivial. Light. 
 Frivolous. Futile. 
 
 Gravely, n. See Grave. 
 
 Graze, v. tr. Sax. grd>i, grass. 
 To shave or pass lightly over. 
 
 Stn. Shave. Scrape. Skim. Abrade. 
 Shear. 
 
 AST. Strike. Impinge. Collide. En- 
 counter. 
 
 Great, adj. Sax. great. 
 
 Stn. Rig. Wide. Huge. Numerous. 
 Protracted. Excellrnt. Magnanimous. 
 Noble. Powep*ul tialted. Noiiceal^le. 
 
 Ant. Little. Narrow. Puny Few 
 Scanty. Short. Moan. Ignoble. Weak 
 Unimportant. 
 
 Greedy, adj. Greed. Goth. 
 gredus, hunger. 
 
 Stn. Gluttonous. Voracious. Hungry 
 Desirous. Avaricious. 
 
 Ant. Abstemious. Abstinent. Irdif 
 fercnt. Contented. 
 
 Greet, v. tr. Sax. gretan. To 
 address. See Address. 
 
 Gregarious, adj. Grex, gregis, 
 a flock. Formed of society, or 
 living in communities. 
 
 Stn. Social. Sociable. Consoclatlve. 
 Ant. Unsocial. Unsociable. Solitary. 
 
 Grief, n. Lat. gravis, heavy. 
 That which weighs heavily upon 
 the mind. 
 
 Stn. Trouble. Tribulation. Affliction. 
 Sorrow. Sadness. 
 
 Aht. Joy. Exultation. Delight. Ela- 
 tion. Hilarity. 
 
 Grievance, n. Gravame7i, a 
 burden. See Grief. 
 
 Stn. Burden. Injury. Complaint. 
 Trouble. 
 
 Ant. Congratulation. Ptejoicing. Boon, 
 lienefit. Alleviation. Disburdenment. Kid- 
 dance. Privilege. 
 
 Grieve, v. tr. and int. Sec 
 Grief, act. and neut. 
 
 Stn. Trouble. Burden. Annoy. Afflict. 
 Mourn. Lament. Complain. Deplore. 
 
 Ant. Ease. Consf)le. Soothe. Please. 
 Rejoice. Exult. Gratify. Alleviate. 
 
 Grievous. See Grief. 
 
 Stn. Sad. Heavy. Afflictive. Lamen- 
 table. Deplorable. Sorrowful. 
 
 Ant. Joyous. Delightful. Pleasant 
 Glad. Consolatory. Grateful. Welcome. 
 Acceptable. Trifling. Light. Trivial. 
 
 Grievously, adv. See Griev- 
 ous. 
 
 Grim, adj. Sax. grimman, to 
 rage. 
 
 Stn. Fierce. Ferocious. Terrible 
 Hideous. 
 
 Ant. Mild. Docile. Attractive. Placid 
 Benign. 
 
 Grimace, n. Sax. grimat a 
 mask. 
 
Sijnonyms and Anto7iym$. 
 
 197 
 
 8«r. Cohtortion. Taunt. Sneer. Scoff. 
 AST. Countenance. Admiration. Ob- 
 servance. Respect. Regard. Gaze. 
 
 Grime, v. tr. Sax. h-mn, soot, 
 hrim. Comp. Eime, Hoar-frost. 
 To sully with particles of dirt. 
 
 Syn. Smear. Sully. Dirt. Smudge. 
 Ant. Cleanse. Purify. Lave. AVasli. 
 Absterge. Beautify. 
 
 Grin, n. and v. Sax. See 
 Cacliimiation. 
 
 Grind, v. Sax. grindan, to 
 grind. Used metaphoiically. 
 See Oppress. 
 
 Gripe. Sax. gripan. Comp. 
 Grab and Grip. To seize tightly ; 
 to produce pain as if so seized. 
 
 Syn. Grasp. Seize. Clutch. Gnaw. 
 Pain. Squeeze. Screw. 
 
 AuT. Abandon. Relax. Soothe. Ease. 
 Relieve. 
 
 Griping, adj. See Gripe. 
 Used metaphorically; also in 
 the sense of Avaricious, which 
 see. 
 
 Groan, v. inf. Old Eng. 
 
 Syn. Moan. Whine. Growl. Grumble. 
 Ant. Giggle. Cackle. Chuckle. Titter. 
 
 Grope, v. int. Sax. grapian. 
 Allied to Gripe, and used in the 
 sense of feeling after an object, 
 and in the dark. 
 
 SvN. Feel. Search. Grabble. Fumble. 
 Ant. Grasp. Seize. Hold. Expose. 
 Discover. Attain. Manipulate. 
 
 Gross, adj. Fr. gros, great. 
 Implies, 1, size, and 2, a coarse 
 degree of it. 
 
 Syn. Entire. Vulgar. Vicious. Im- 
 pure. Coarse. Bloated. Sensual. Animal. 
 Ant. Partial. Nett. Pure. Refined. 
 
 Grotesque, adj. Grotto. Gr. 
 KpvTrros, hidden. Comp. Crypt. 
 Like the whimsical figm-es found 
 in grottoes. 
 
 Syn. Whimsical. Odd. Quaint. Bur- 
 .esque. Archaic. Caricatured. Distorted. 
 
 Ant. Classic. Chaste. Fine. Fashion- 
 able. Graceful, Severe. 
 
 Gbound, n. Sax. grund, 
 
 gro7ind, earth, gravel. Comp 
 Grind. Used metaphoricall;y. 
 
 Syn. Basis. Foundation. Premiss. Retu 
 son. Cause. Account. Ilea. 
 
 Ant. Superstructure. Statement. Argu- 
 ment. Inference. Deduction. 
 
 Grounded, adj. See Ground. 
 Applied to persons and ideas, or 
 opinions. 
 
 Syn. Rooted. Established. Initiated 
 inaugurated. Prepared. Indoctrinated 
 Trained. 
 
 Ant. Ungrounded. Untangled. Unpre- 
 pared. Uninitiated. Unfounded. Baseless. 
 Unauthorized. Groundless. 
 
 Groundless, adj. See Groiuid. 
 
 Syn. Vain. Supposititious. Unfounded. 
 Baseless. Fanciful. Gratuitous. Cliiine- 
 rical. 
 
 Ant. Well-founded. Substantial. Au- 
 thoritative. Actual. Authentic. 
 
 Group, n. Fr. groupe. A 
 collection, with an implied idea 
 of purposed arrangement, or at 
 least orderliness. 
 
 Syn. Cluster. Bunch. Knot. Assem- 
 blage. Collocation. Class. Collection. 
 
 Ant. Isolation. Individual. Crowd 
 Confusion. Medley. 
 
 Grovel, v. int. Germ, krah- 
 heln, to craivl. Used always un- 
 favourably, in the sense of ac- 
 tions of a base or sensual de- 
 scription, 
 
 Syn. Crawl. Cringe. Wallow. Grabble 
 Grub. 
 
 Ant. Soar. Aspire. Mount. Rise. 
 
 Grow, v. int. Sax. growan. 
 Conn, with crescere. Comp. Ac- 
 crue. 
 
 Syn. Increase. Advance. Extend. Ac- 
 crue. Become. Develop. Amplify. 
 
 Ant. Diminish. Recede. Contract 
 Fail. Stop. Die. AVane. 
 
 Growl, v. int. Old Germ 
 gridlen, to he angry. 
 
 Syn. Snarl. Grumble. Complain, R* 
 monstrate. Murmur. Grunt. 
 
 Ant. Chuckle. Cackle. Grin. Pun 
 Acquiesce. 
 
 Growth, n, Ste Grow. 
 Grub, v. int. See GroTeL 
 
198 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Grudge, v. tr. Old English. 
 To look upon, with desire to 
 appropriate or retain. Followed 
 grammatically by the object, or 
 the object and person, but not 
 by the person alone. 
 
 Syn. Spare. Retain. Covet. Envy. 
 Withhold. 
 
 Ant. Spend. Impart. Welcome. Satisfy. 
 Gratify. 
 
 Grudge, n. See verb. 
 
 Stn. Spite. Grievance. Dissatisfaction. 
 Discontent. Refusal. 
 
 Ant. Welcome. Satisfaction. Approval. 
 Contentment. Complacency. Bestowal. 
 Btmefaction. 
 
 Gruff, adj. Dan. grof. 
 
 Syn, Rough. Surly. Harsh. Bearish. 
 Ant. Smooth. Mild. Affable. Cour- 
 teous. 
 
 Grumble, v. int. Low. Germ. 
 grummeln. See Growl. 
 
 Grumpy, adj. See Grumble 
 and Surly. 
 
 Grunt, v. int. Lat. grunnire. 
 See Growl. 
 
 Guard, v. tr. Fr. guarder. 
 Compare Guard and Ward, 
 Guardian and Warden. See Pro- 
 tect. 
 
 Guarded, adf. See Guard. 
 Said of disposition and demean- 
 our. See Calculating. 
 
 Guardian, n. See Guard. 
 
 Syn. Keeper. Protector. Conservator. 
 Custodian. 
 
 Ant. Traitor. Betrayer. Pupil. Ward. 
 
 Guess, v.tr. Old Eng. Allied 
 to Sax. gitan, to get. 
 
 Syn. Conjecture. Surraisc. Divine. 
 Suppose. Suspect. 
 
 Ant. Examine. Prove. Investigate. 
 Establish. Demonstrate. Elaborate, De- 
 iuce. 
 
 Guest, n. Lat. hostis, first, a 
 stranger, afterwards, an enemy; 
 as in Gr. $fpos, first, a stranger, 
 afterwards a friend. 
 
 Syk. Vinitor. 
 
 Akt Entertainer. Hoit. 
 
 Guidance, n. See Guide 
 Guide, v. tr. Fr. guider. 
 
 Stn. Lead. Direct. Conduct Pilot 
 Regulate, Superintend, Influence. Train. 
 
 Ant. Mislead. Misdirect Misconduct. 
 Mismanage. Misregulate. Misguide, Min- 
 educate. Betray. Deceive. 
 
 Guile, n. Sax. and Modern 
 Eng. wile. 
 
 Syn, Craft Treachery, Deceit Cun- 
 ning, Insidiousness, Artifice, 
 
 Ant. Honesty. Simplicity, Frankness. 
 Generosity. Candour. Sincerity. 
 
 Guileless, adj. See Guile 
 and Craft. 
 
 Guilt, n. See Guile and 
 Crime. 
 
 Guiltless, adj'. See Guile 
 and Innocent. 
 
 Guise, n. Fr. guise. General 
 appearance. 
 
 Syn. Aspect Garb. Semblance. Plea. 
 Demeanour. 
 
 Ant. Character. Person. IndividuaL 
 Sentiment Disposition. Opinion. Life. 
 Mind. Soul. Self. 
 
 Gull, n. From the bird — said 
 to be foolish. Comp. the use of 
 the following names of birds — 
 Dupe, Booby, Goose. 
 
 Syn. See Cheat 
 
 Gulp, v. tr. "Dutch golpe, a 
 whirlpool or gulf. See Swallow. 
 
 Gush, v. int. Low Germ. 
 gudsen. 
 
 Stn. Burst Stream. Flow. Gush, 
 Spout. 
 
 Ant, Drip, Drop, Dribble, Trickle. 
 Strain, Drain, Ooze, Filter. Percolate. 
 
 Gust, n., Gustable, adj.; 
 Gustation, n.; Gustful, adj.; 
 Gustless, adj. Lat. gustus, 
 taste. See Taste. 
 
 Gust, n. Iceland, gustr. Used 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. SqualL Blast Puff. Fit Out- 
 burst. 
 
 Ant. Calm. Tranquillity. Subsidencei 
 Restraint. Composure. Zephyr. 
 
 Guzzle, v. int. A modi<iofi^ 
 tion of Guttle. See Gorge. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 199 
 
 H. 
 
 Habiliment, n. Fr. hahille- 
 ment, Lat. habere, habitus, Eng. 
 habit, in the sense of dress. Used 
 also, in the plural, of official or 
 state dress. 
 
 St». Dress. Vestmenta. Robes. Uni- 
 form, 
 
 Aht. Deshabille. Undress. 
 
 Habilitate, v. tr. See noun. 
 
 Habilitation, n. Lat. hahilis, 
 habere, from whicli is derived 
 ability. An old word extensively 
 revived. 
 
 SrN. Qualification. Entitlement. Em- 
 powennent. 
 
 Ant. Disqualification. Depression. De- 
 basement Disbabilitation. 
 
 Habit, n. See Habiliment. 
 That wMch is constantly asso- 
 ciated with the individual, in 
 dress or demeanour. The word 
 illustrates the double sense of 
 custom and costume, from con- 
 tuetudo. 
 
 Stn. Habituation. Custom. Familiarity. 
 Association. Inurement. 
 
 Ant. Dishabltuation. Inexperience. In- 
 /onversance. Desuetude. See Habiliment. 
 
 Habitation, n. Habitare, 
 habere. Where one has one's 
 self, or abides continually. See 
 Abode. 
 
 Habitual, adj. See Habit. 
 
 Syn. Regular. Ordinary. Perpetual. 
 Customary. Usual. 
 
 Aht. Irregular. Extraordinary. Occa- 
 sional. Unusual. Exceptional. Rare. 
 
 Habituate, v. tr. See Habit 
 and Accustom. 
 
 Habitude, n. See Habit. An 
 habitual state. 
 
 Sra. State. Fixity. Condition. Atti- 
 tude. 
 
 Ajtt. Action. Exercise. Operation. 
 Racigf. 
 
 Hack, v, tr. Sax. haccan. 
 
 Stk. Chop. Notch, Curtail. Indent 
 Akt. Smoothe. Plane. Polish. Glaze 
 Varnish. Gloss. Repair, Turn. Carve 
 
 Hackneyed, adj. Old Fr. 
 haque, whence hackney, a horse 
 for hire. Used of ideas and ex- 
 pressions. 
 
 Stn. Trite. Worn. Stale. Threadbare, 
 Ant. Novel. Bright Original, Recent 
 Fresh. 
 
 Haggard, adj. Conn, with 
 Hawk. The original meaning 
 of this term was wild, and in- 
 clined to behave like a refractory 
 hawk; hence, wild in appear- 
 ance, especially with a wild, 
 worn, anxious expression of the 
 features. 
 
 Snr. Wild, Wasted. Worn. Attenu- 
 ated. Wrinkled. 
 
 AuT. Sleek. Smug. Chubby. Plump. 
 
 Haggle, v. int. Scotch, JMg 
 for hack, to cut into small piices. 
 To be hard at bargaining. 
 
 Stn, Higgle, Chaffer, Bargain. Stickle. 
 Ant. Yield. Deduct, Abate. Reduce. 
 Discount 
 
 Hail, v. tr. Der. uncertain. 
 Perhaps, heil, health, answering 
 to the Latin saluto, from salus, 
 meaning the same thing. 
 
 Syn. Accost Address, Salute. Call. 
 Welcome. Greet 
 
 Ant. Ignore. Pass. Cut. Avoid. 
 
 Halcyon, Halcyonic, adj. 
 The bird halcyon was said to lay 
 her eggs close to the sea, during 
 the cahn of the winter solstice. 
 This was taken to prognosticate 
 the absence of stormy weather. 
 
 Stn. Calm. Serene. Balmy. Unruffled. 
 Ant. Stormy. Troublous. Tempestu- 
 ous. Blustering. Boisterous. 
 
 Half, n. Sax, healf. 
 
 Syn. Moiety. Bisection, Dlmidiation, 
 Ant. Integrity. Entirety. Totality. 
 Whole. 
 
 Hallow, v. tr. Sax. halig, 
 
 lioly. 
 
 Stn. Consecrate. Venerate. Revereace 
 Ant. Desecrate, Profane. BU8pheia& 
 
 Abominate, Execrate, 
 
2uv/ 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 HALiitJCiNATiON, n. Lat. hal- 
 lucinari, to see disordered visions. 
 
 Stn. Delirium. Delusion. Phantasm. 
 Dream. 
 
 Ant. Perception. Observation. Sight. 
 
 Hallucination is the result of 
 a disordered constitution, as 
 phantasm of a disordered mind. 
 
 Halt, v. int. Sax. healtian, to 
 limp. 
 
 Syn. Stop. Rest. Limp. Falter. Hesi- 
 tate. Hammer. Stammer. Demur. Dubi- 
 tate. 
 
 Ant. Advance. Decide. Determine. 
 Speed. Flow. Career. 
 
 Handle, v. tr. Hand. 
 
 Stn. FeeL Treat. Use. Manage. 
 Manipulate. 
 
 Ant. Drop. Mismanage, Bungle. 
 
 Handmaid, n. A maid at 
 hand or in service. The word is 
 used, metaphorically, of that 
 which is ancillai-y to another 
 thing, from anciUa, a handmaid : 
 as, ' music, the handmaid of re- 
 ligion.' 
 
 Syn. Servant. Auxiliary. Supporter. 
 Ant. Antagonist. Opponent. 
 
 Handsome, adf. Hand. The 
 old meaning of the word was 
 handy, adroit, dexterous. Thence 
 applied, as still in Scotland, to 
 the figure and limbs in which 
 appear that moulded and well- 
 turned character which accom- 
 pany agility; and thence trans- 
 ferred again, as in England, to 
 the contour and moulding of the 
 features. It is used, metaphori- 
 cally, of graceful deeds and cha- 
 racter. 
 
 Srr. Comely. Good-looking. Generous. 
 Liberal. 
 
 Ant. Uncomely. IlUooking. Ungene- 
 rous. Illiberal, Unhandsome. 
 
 Handy, adj. See Handsome. 
 Coming well to hand. 
 
 Stk. Near. Convenient. Useful. Help- 
 ful. Manageable. 
 
 Ant. Remote. Inoonveniern Awkward. 
 Useless. Cumbrous. Unwieldy, ^^nbandy. 
 
 Hang, v. int. and ir. Sai 
 haiiqan. Used metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Rest. l^an. Depend. Suspend. 
 Ant. Stand. 
 
 Hanker. Allied either to 
 Hang or Hunger. To hang about 
 a thing in desire, and so to feel 
 appetite. Used with the prep. 
 After. 
 
 Syn. Lonf?. Yearn. Crave. Hunger, 
 Ant. Dislike. Shun. Loathe. AbomV 
 nate. Detest. Abhor. Avoid, 
 
 Hap, n. Welsh. Luck or 
 chance. See Luck. 
 
 Hapless, adj. See Luckless. 
 
 Haply, adv. See Perhaps. 
 
 Happen, v. int. See Hap and 
 Befall. 
 
 Happy, adj. See Hap. Ac- 
 cording to hap or luck. 
 
 Stn. Lucky. Fortunate. Felicitous 
 Successful. Delighted. Joyous. Merry 
 Blithesome. 
 
 Ant. Unlucky. Unfortunate. Infelici- 
 tous. Unsuccessful, Sorrowful. Sorry. 
 Disappointed. Dull, Lugubrious. De- 
 sponding. Unhappy. 
 
 Harangue, n. Arena. Comp. 
 Eing, A speech made to a num- 
 ber of persons. As speech is 
 generic, so oration is an elaborate 
 and prepared speech. Harangue, 
 a speech, appeals not to the 
 taste, but the passions. 
 
 Stn. Speech, Oration. Effusion. De« 
 claniation. Rant. 
 
 Ant. Stiimmer Stutt«r. Mutter 
 Mumble. Drawl. Insinuation. Suggestioa 
 Reasoning. Blandiloquence. 
 
 Harass, v. tr. Old Fr. Jiarasse, 
 a large heavy shield^ which fa- 
 tigued and galled the wearer. 
 
 Stn. "NVeary. Annoy. Fatigue, Jade. 
 Tease. Irritate. Chafe. Molest. Worry 
 Vex. Harrow. 
 
 Ant. Refresh. Comfort. Solace. Re- 
 lieve. Soothe. Animate. Inspirit. 
 
 Harbinger, n. Germ, her- 
 herger. Conn, with Harbour, 
 One who finds rest or lodging 
 
Synonyms and Anionijmd. 
 
 201 
 
 Secondly, one who, to find lodg- 
 ing, goes before a great personage 
 to announce his coming ; hence, 
 thirdly, one who announces a 
 person or event. 
 
 Syn. Announcer. Herald. Precursor. 
 Forerunner. 
 
 Ant. Reporter. Narrator. Relater. 
 
 Historian. P'ollower. Attendant. 
 
 Harbour, n. See Harbinger. 
 
 Syn. Haven. Rest. Refuge, Shelter. 
 Anchorage. Home. 
 
 Ant. Labour. Toil. Peril. Exposure. 
 Voyage. Roving. Roaming. Wandering. 
 Pilgrimage. Tossing. 
 
 Harbour, v. tr. See Harbour, 
 V. Used in the senses of giving 
 accommodation, and finding a 
 l)lace in the mind for certain 
 tlioughts or sentiments. 
 
 Syn. Accommodate. Cherish. Enter- 
 tain. Encourage. 
 
 Aht. Eject. Expel. Discard. Discou- 
 rage. Stifle. Exclude. Banish. Dismiss. 
 
 Hard, adj. Sax. heard, Gr. 
 Kpdros, strength, 
 
 Syn. Firm. Dense. Solid. Compact. 
 Unyielding. Impenetrable. Arduous. Diffi- 
 cult. Grievous. Distressing. Rigorous. 
 Oppressive. Exacting. Unfeeling. Stub- 
 born. Harsh. Forced. Constrained. In- 
 explicable. 
 
 Ant. Soft. Fluid. Liquid. Elastic. 
 Brittle. Penetrable. Easy. Mild. Lenient. 
 'J'ender. Ductile. Uniuvolved. Simple. 
 Intelligible. Perspicuous. 
 
 Harden, v. tr. See Hard. 
 
 Syn. Inure. Train. Habituate. Con- 
 firm. Indurate. Consolidate. Compact. 
 
 Ant. J>isinure. Relax. Enervat<^ De- 
 bilitate. Dishabituate. Soften. Melt. 
 Mollify. Colliquate. Vaporize. 
 
 Hardihood, 71. See Hardy 
 and Audacity. 
 
 Hardly, adv. See Hard. 
 
 Syn. Barely. Just. Scarcely. Nar- 
 rowly. 
 
 Ant. Fully. Amply. Easily, largely. 
 Abundantly. 
 
 HARDSfflP, n. See Hard. 
 
 Syn. Trouble. Burden. Annoyance. 
 Grievance. Calamity. Infliction. Endur- 
 •Dce. 
 
 Aht. Pleasure. Anmsement. Allevla- 
 lion. Recreation. Gratification. Relief. 
 AjauaKemeut. Facilitation. Boon Ticat. | 
 
 Hardy, adj. See Hard. 
 
 Syn. Inured. Robust. Strong. Rew* 
 lute. 
 
 Ant. Weak. Uninured. Delicate. Ir- 
 resolute. Enervated. Debilitated. Fragile. 
 Tender. 
 
 Harm, v. Sax. 
 
 Syn. Hurt. Mischief. Iiyury. Detri- 
 ment. Damage. 
 
 Ant. Benefit. Boon. Amelioration. 
 Improvement. Reparation, Compensation. 
 Healing. Remedy. 
 
 Harmless, adj'. See Harm. 
 
 Syn. Innocuous. Innoxious. Inoffen- 
 sive. Iimocent. Gentle. 
 
 Ant. Nocuous. Noxious. Hurtful 
 Savage. Cruel. Deadly. Violent. l)e« 
 structive. Mischievous. Pernicious. 
 
 Harmonious. Harmony. Gr. 
 
 upfxovla, a joint j'oininy or com- 
 pacting ; tipo), I join. 
 
 Syn. Congruous. Accordant. Propor- 
 tioned. Uniform. Melodious. Musical. 
 Dulcet. Tuneful. Peaceful. Agreeable. 
 Amicable. Friendly. 
 
 Ant. Incongruous. Discordant. Dis- 
 proportioned. Unshapely. Harsh. Grating. 
 Unmelodious. Unfriendly. Riotous. Un- 
 peaceful. Quanelsome. 
 
 As at present iised, harmony, 
 in music, is the relation of single 
 notes to chords, melody, the 
 ascent, dwelling, or descent of 
 single notes. 
 
 Harmony, n. See Harmo- 
 nious. 
 
 Harness, n. Old Fr. Used 
 formerly of the accoutrements of 
 man, horse, and equipage. See 
 Accoutrements. 
 
 Harp, v. Sax. hearpe, a harp. 
 Used metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Peg. Strum. Hammer. Drum. 
 Ant. Touch. Handle. Treat. Manage 
 Illustrate. 
 
 Harrow, v. tr. Lat. hirpex, 
 Low Lat. hercia, a harrow. Used 
 metaphorically. See Harass. 
 
 Harsh, adj'. Germ, harsch. 
 Expresses what is uncongemal, 
 more especially, in the first in- 
 stance, to the hearing and tha 
 
202 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 touch, and is iised, analogously, 
 of disposition, language, and de- 
 meanour. 
 
 Sxir. Rough. Grating. Severe. Sharp. 
 Ant. Smoothe. Melodious. Lenient. 
 Suave. Bland. Gentle. Genial Kindly. 
 
 Harshly, adv. See Harsh. 
 
 Harvest, n. Sax. As it 
 were, herb-feast, or time of car- 
 rying the grain. It is used, me- 
 taphorically, of abundance of 
 things profitable. 
 
 Sin. Growth. Produce. Abundance, 
 i'rofit. Gain. Influx. Accession. Aug- 
 mentation. Crop. 
 
 Ant. Diminution. Failure, Scarcity. 
 Ix>ss. Famine. Waste. Damage. Calamity. 
 Ruination. Reverse. Blight. 
 
 Haste, n. Old Fr. haste. 
 
 Stn. Sp*^. Celerity. Expedition. 
 Hurry. Despatch. Excitement. Heedless- 
 ness. 
 
 Ant. Slowness. Tardiness. Delay. 
 Coolness. Reflection. Moderation. Steadi- 
 ness. 
 
 Hasten, v. tr. and int. See 
 Haste. 
 
 Stn. Accelerate, Urge. Expedite. 
 Speed. Press. Hurry, 
 
 Ant. Retard. Impede. Obstruct De- 
 mur. Hesitate. Halt. 
 
 Hasty, adj. See Haste. 
 
 Stn. Speedy. Rapid. Superficial. 
 Hurried. Irascible. Impetuous. Reckless. 
 Headlong. Crude. Incomplete. Unde- 
 veloped. Immature. 
 
 Ant. Slow. Leisurely. Careful. Close. 
 Reflective. Developed. Matured. Complete. 
 Klaborato. Thoughtful. Deliberate. 
 
 Hatch, v. tr. Germ, hecken. 
 Used metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Prepare. Concoct Devise. Scheme, 
 Brew. Plot Contrive. Incubate. 
 
 AsT. Disconcert Upset Expose. Dis- 
 sipate. Counteract. Baflle. Mar. Spoil. 
 Frustrate. Neutralize. 
 
 Hate, v. tr. Sax. hatian, to 
 hate. See Abhor. 
 
 Hateful, adj. See Hate. 
 
 Syn. Abominable. Detestable. Vile, 
 Odious. Heinous. Execrable. 
 
 Ani. Loveable, Lovely. Desirable. 
 Delightful. Attractive. Entdng, Tempt- 
 bg. PleDMut KiJjoyable. 
 
 Haughty, adj'. Fr. nuut^ 
 high. See Affable. 
 
 Haul, v. tr. Dan. kalen. Same 
 as hale, to drag. See Drag. 
 
 Haunt, v. tr. Sax. hentan, to 
 pursue, go after. In English, to 
 frequent. See Abandon. 
 
 Have, v. tr. Lat. habere, to 
 
 have. 
 
 Stn Own. Possess. Feel, Entertain. 
 
 Accept. Bear, Enjoy. Keep. 
 
 AST. Want Need. Lose. Forego, 
 
 Discard. Rgect Miss. Desiderate. Covet. 
 Desire. 
 
 Haven, n. Sax. hdfen. See 
 Harbour. 
 
 Havoc, n. Welsh, hafog. 
 
 Stn. Desolation, Ruin. Waste. Wreck. 
 Ravage. Demolition. Destruction. De- 
 vastation. 
 
 Akt. Conservation. Enhancement. En- 
 richment. Augmentation, Development 
 Productiveness. Luxuriance, Prosperity. 
 
 Hawk, v. tr. Germ, hoken, to 
 higgle. To sell by outcry, or in 
 different places, as a pedler. 
 
 Stn. Sell Peddle. Retail. 
 AifT. Reserve. Store. Suppress. With- 
 hold. House. Bond. Store. 
 
 Hawker, n. See Hawk. 
 
 Hazard, v. tr. Fr. An un- 
 foreseen disaster, or hidden 
 danger. 
 
 Stn. Peril. Risk. Jeopardy. Danger 
 Chance. 
 
 Ant. Safety. Security. Protection.' 
 Warrant Certainty, Calculation. Law, 
 
 Hazy, adj. Haze. Armoric, 
 
 aez, warm vapour. 
 
 Stn. Foggy. Nebulous. Misty. F'Jxny. 
 Gauzy. Cloudy, CaUginous, Murky. 
 
 Ant. Diaphanous, Clear. Crystalline. 
 Transparent 
 
 Head, n. Germ, Jmupt. Alhed 
 to Lat caput. Used metaphori- 
 cally or analogously. 
 
 Stn. T»p. Crown. Chief. Leader. 
 Ruler. Mind. Source, Section. Divisioa. 
 Topic, Gathering. Oulmioation. Criii^a 
 Leadership. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyins. 
 
 203 
 
 Amt Tail. Bottom. Foot. FDllower. 
 Servant. Retainer. Subordinate. Subordi- 
 nation. Inferiority. Body. Bulk. Sub- 
 Vet Continuation. 
 
 Heading, n. See Head and 
 Title. 
 
 Headlong, adj. See Hasty. 
 
 Headstrong, adj. See Head 
 and Obstinate. 
 
 Heal, v. tr. Sax. halan. From 
 lidl, hale or sound. To make 
 sound after injury. Applied 
 both to wounds and the wounded. 
 
 Syn. Cure. Repair. Restore. Remedy. 
 Assuage. Cicatrize, 
 
 Ant. Harm. Hurt. Wound. Pierce. 
 Ulcerate. 
 
 Healthy, adj. Health. See 
 Heal. Having or imparting 
 health. 
 
 Stn. Vigorous. Sound. Robust Strong. 
 Hale. Salubrious. Wholesome. 
 
 Ant. Unhealthy. Unsound. Weak. 
 Delicate. Fragile. Noxious. Pernicious. 
 Insalubrious. 
 
 Health, n. See Healthy. 
 
 Heap, v. tr. Sax. See Accu- 
 mulate. 
 
 Heart, n. Sax. hcorte, Germ. 
 herz, Gr. Ktjp, Lat. cor. Re- 
 garded as the centre of life and 
 the seat of courage and benevo- 
 lence. 
 
 Stn. Core. Nucleus. Kernel. Interior. 
 Centre. Character. Disposition. Couri^e. 
 Hardihood. Nature. Life. Feeling. Be- 
 nevolence. 
 
 Ant. Exterior. Hand. Action. Aspect. 
 Manifestation. Conduct. Deed. Timidity. 
 
 Heartiness. See Hearty. 
 
 Hearty, adf. Sen Heart. Ex- 
 hibiting heart in the two senses, 
 of the centre of vitality and the 
 centre of feehng. 
 
 Syn. Healthy. Robust, Sound. Cor- 
 diaL Warm. Honest 
 
 Akt. Unhealthy. Delicate. Infirm. 
 Cold. Insincere. 
 
 Heat. Sax. hate, Comp. Hot. 
 Used metaphorically of excite- 
 ment of passion or feeling. 
 
 Stn. Warmth, Ardour. PaAsion, Ex- 
 citement Fever. Ebullition. Intensity. 
 
 Ajit, Coolness. IndifiFerence. SobKi- 
 dence. Calmness. Composure. Reflection. 
 
 Heathen, Heathenish, adj\ 
 Either from edvrj, nations, mean- 
 ing the unconverted world, or 
 heide, Germ, heath, or open 
 country, as distinguished from 
 the towns, in which the first con- 
 versions took place. So Pagans 
 were rustics, inhabitants of pagi 
 or villages. 
 
 Stn. Unconverted. Unchristian. Pagan. 
 Uncivilized. Unbelieving. 
 
 . Ant. Christian. Believing. Refined. 
 Civilized. Polished. 
 
 Heave, v. tr. Sax. he/an., Al 
 lied to capere, Lat. to take. To 
 raise, as a weight, upwards. 
 
 Stn. Lift Raise. Uplift Upraise. 
 Sublevate. Hoist. 
 
 Ant. Dash. Sink. Lower. Detruda 
 Precipitate. 
 
 Heavenly, adj. Belonging to 
 heaven, which is of the same de- 
 rivation as Heave, meaning the 
 elevated or uplifted place ; after 
 the analogy of Loft from Lift. 
 See Celestial and Angelic. 
 
 Heaviness, n. 
 
 Heavy. 
 
 Heavy, adj. See Heave. Hard 
 to heave. Used also metapho- 
 rically of feelings and circum- 
 stances. 
 
 Syn. Weighty. Ponderous. Inert. Slow, 
 stupid. Dull. Impenetrable. Stolid, Cum- 
 brous. Grievous. AflBictive. Oppressive. 
 
 Ant. Light Trifling. Trivial. Agile. 
 Active. Quick. Brisk. Joyous. AUC'^ 
 viative. Consolatory. Inspiriting. Ani- 
 mating. Buoyant. 
 
 Hebetude, n. Lat. heies, etis, 
 Uunt. Moral or intellectual 
 bluntness. 
 
 Stn. Dulness. Heaviness. Insensibility. 
 Stupidity. Numbness. Insensateaeat. 
 Flatness. 
 
 Ant. Brightness. Animation. Seosibilit/ 
 
 Cleverness. 
 
204 
 
 Hector, v. int. From Hector, 
 son of Priam, whose name has 
 met with unmerited disparage- 
 ment, and stands as a proverb 
 for a bully. 
 
 Sni. Bully. Swagger, Bluster Boast. 
 Vaunt. 
 
 Ant. Cower. Shrink. Iliile Skulk. 
 Abscond. 
 
 Hector, n. See verb. 
 
 Heed, v. tr. Sax. hedan, to 
 heed. 
 
 Syn. Mind. Regard. Nolice. Attend. 
 Ant. Disregard. Slight. Ignore. 
 
 Heed, n. See verb. 
 Heedful, adj. See Heed. 
 
 Syn. Mindful Careful. Cautious. Con- 
 siderate. Wary. Circumspect. 
 
 Ant. Unmindful. Cureless. Heedless. 
 Reckless. Unheedful. 
 
 Heedless, adj. See Heedful. 
 Height, n. Sax. 
 
 Syn. Altitude, lllevation. Tallness. 
 fummit Exaltation. Culmination. 
 
 Ant. Depth. Lowness. Depression. 
 Littleness. Base. Abasement. 
 
 Heighten, v. tr. See Height. 
 
 Syn. Exalt. Increase. Enhance. In- 
 tensify. Colour. Vivify. Aggravate. 
 
 Ant. Lower. Depress. Diminish. De- 
 teriorate. Abase. Temper. Tone Ex- 
 tenuate. Modify. Qualify. 
 
 Heinous, adj. Fr. hair, to 
 hate. 
 
 Syn. Hateful. Flagrant. Flagitious. 
 Atrocious. Odious. Abominable. Exe- 
 crable. Detestable. 
 
 Ant. Excellent. Laudable. Meritorious. 
 Praiseworthy. Distinguished. Justifiable. 
 Excusable. Palliable. 
 
 Hellish, adj. Sax. Belong- 
 ing to hell. See Angelic. 
 
 Sax. 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Hem, v. tr. Sax. Sec Bo^Iet 
 
 Hem, n. See verb. 
 
 Herald, ?i. OldFr. An officer 
 
 tr. 
 
 Help, v. 
 
 assist. 
 
 Syn. Aid. Succour, 
 Avoid. 
 
 Ant. Oppose. Obstruct. 
 Incur 
 
 helpan, to 
 
 Remedy. Prevent. 
 Aggiavate. 
 
 Help, n. See ".-erb. 
 
 Helpless, adj See Help and 
 Forlorn. 
 
 whose business it was to proclaim 
 war, peace, &c. See Harbinger. 
 Old Germ, haren, to shout. 
 
 Herald, v. tr. See noun. 
 
 Herculean, adj. Hercules. 
 
 Syn. See Gigantic. 
 
 Herd, v. int. Sax. See Con- 
 gi-egate. 
 
 Hereditary, adj. Ilceres, edis, 
 an heir. 
 
 ' Syn. Inherited. Ancestral. Lineal. 
 Ant. Conferred. Acquired. Won. 
 
 Heresy, n. atpccris, choice. A 
 wrong choice in religion. 
 
 Syn. Schism. Unorthodoxy. 
 Ant. Orthodoxy. Catholicity 
 
 Schism, or properly a breach 
 of discipline by secession or dis- 
 union, as Heresy is error in doc- 
 trine. 
 
 See Hereditary. 
 
 Entailment. Legacy. 
 Merit. Wages. 
 
 Heritage, n. 
 
 Syn. Inheritance. 
 Bequest. 
 
 Ant. Acquisition. 
 Compensation. 
 
 Hermetically, adv. Hermca 
 Trismegistus, the fabled inven- 
 tor of alchemy or chemistry. 
 Hermetically sealed, is sealed as 
 tightly as chemistry could seal it. 
 
 SvN. Air-tight. Closely. 
 Ant. Loosely. Misfittingly. 
 
 Hero, n. Gr. "Hpws. Cham- 
 pion of the present or the heroic 
 age. A character of daring, or 
 one of romantic superiority. See 
 Champion. 
 
 Heroic, adj. See Hero. 
 
 Syn. Brave. Undaunted. Chivalrous 
 Daring. Romantic. 
 
 Ant. Dastardly. Cowardly Craveuly. 
 Poltroonish. 
 
 Hesitate, v. int. ITasitai^,, 
 
 2)re2'. of harere, to stick. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 8rN. Dubitate, Waver. Scruple. De- 
 tnar. Falter. Stammer. 
 
 Ant. Decide. Determine. Run. Flow. 
 Cureer 
 
 Heterodox, adj. erepos, an- 
 otlm^, and bo^a, opinion. Hold- 
 ing a wrong belief. 
 
 SrN. Unsound. Heretical. 
 Ant. Sound. Orthodox. 
 
 Heterogeneous, adj. frepos, 
 other or strange, and ye'vos, 
 (jcmts or kind. The word is used 
 of strong dissimilarity, either in 
 one object to another, or in the 
 parts of the same among them- 
 selves. 
 
 Syn. Strange. Alien. Dissimilar. Dis- 
 cordant. 
 
 Ant. Accordant. Congruous. Homo- 
 geneous. Similar. 
 
 Hew, v. tr. Sax. heawan. To 
 cut broadly or roughly. 
 
 SvN. Cut. Hack. Chop. Fall. 
 Ant. Mould. Model. Form. Carve. 
 Sculpture. Engrave. Levigate. Turn. 
 
 Hibernal, adj. Hietm, hiber- 
 nus. Belonging to winter. 
 
 SvN. Wintry. Arctic. Brumal. Glacial. 
 Ant. Summerly. Zephyrous. Balmy. 
 Halcyonic. 
 
 Hide. Act. and neut. Sax. 
 hydan. 
 
 SvN. Conceal. Secrete. Mask. Dis- 
 semble. Store. Protect. Disguise, Ensconce. 
 Screen. 
 
 Ant. Expose. Discover. Exhibit. Mani- 
 fest. Betray. Strip. 
 
 Hideous, adj. Old Fr. hide, 
 fright. 
 
 Syn. Frightful. Unshapely. Monstrous. 
 Horrid. 
 
 Ant. Graceful. Beautiful. Captivating. 
 Attractive. 
 
 Hie, v. tr. Sax. higan. To 
 make haste. 
 
 Syn. Fly. Haste. Speed. 
 
 Ant. Falter. Stop. Stay. Lag. Stick. 
 
 Higgle, v. int. See Haggle 
 and Hawk. 
 
 High, adj. Sax. heah, Germ 
 hoch. 
 
 Ant. Depressed. Ix)w. Stouteti 
 noble. Mean. Base. Affable. 
 
 205 
 
 ig- 
 
 8to. Elevated. I.ofty. Tail Emireut. 1 cal. 
 E»*Uent. Nobie Hai.glity. 
 
 Highly, adv. See High. 
 
 Hilarity, n. IJilaritas, hilar is, 
 merry, in high spirits. See De- 
 spair. 
 
 Hinder, v. tr. Sax. hind, hack. 
 As I*revent is to stop by going 
 l)efore, so Hinder is to stop by 
 puUing from behind. 
 
 Syn. Prevent. Interrupt. Obstruct. 
 Retard. Debar. Embarrass. 
 
 Ant. Accelerate. Expedite. Enable. 
 Promote. Facilitate. 
 
 Hindrance, n. See Hinder. 
 Hinge, v.m^. OldEug. Conn, 
 with Hang. 
 
 Syn. Move. Turn. Hang. Depend. 
 Work. Rotate. Circulate. 
 
 Ant. Halt. Crepitate. Jar. Grate 
 
 Hint, n. Hentan, to pursue 
 or seize, with the implied pur- 
 pose of warning or suggesting. 
 See Cue. 
 
 Hint, v. See n. and Suggest. 
 
 Hire, v. Sax. hyrian. To 
 procure by compensation for 
 temporary use. 
 
 Syn. Engage. Commission. Emr)Ioy 
 Rent. 
 
 Ant. Buy. Purchase. 
 
 Hirsute, adj. Hirsutus, hirtus, 
 shaggy. 
 
 Syn. Hairy. Shaggy. Hispid. Downy 
 Bristly. 
 
 Ant. Smooth. Glabrous. Bald. 
 
 Hispid, adj. Ilispidus. See 
 Hirsute. 
 
 Historic, adj. Historia, his- 
 tory, Gr. ia-Topio), I inquire. 
 
 Syn. Genuine. Authentic. Authenti- 
 cated. 
 
 Ant. Prehistoric. Fabulous. IjPgen- 
 dary. Unhistoric. 
 
 History, n. See Historic and 
 Annals. 
 
 Histrionic, adf. IHstrio, an 
 actor. 
 
 Sin. Dramatic. Pantomimic. 'HjcetiW 
 
 A XT. Uridramatic UntheiirrkMl. 
 
206 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Hit, v. tr. Sax. hettauy to pur- 
 sue 07' drive. 
 
 Stn. Strike. Succeed. Chance. Beach. 
 Hazard. Mistake. 
 
 Ant. FaiL Mischance. Err. Miss. 
 
 Hitch, v. int. Scotch. Means 
 to jerk or to move by jerks. 
 
 SvN. Stick. Stickle. Bar. Jam. Catch. 
 Hang. 
 
 Ant. Run. Glide. Slide. Rotate. Flow. 
 
 HoABD, V. tr. Sax. hordan. 
 To lay up in store. 
 
 Stn. Treasure. Accumulate. Husband. 
 Ant. Waste. Squander. Dissipate. 
 
 Hoarse, adj. See Harsh. 
 
 Syn. Harsh. Grating. Raucous. Husky. 
 Ant. MeK?€uou8. Mellow. Rich. Sweet. 
 Melodious. 
 
 Hoary, adj. Sax. hdr, gray. 
 
 Syn. Whita. Gray. Silvery. Frosty. 
 Ant. Dark. Raven. Jet. 
 
 Hoax, v. tr. Sax. hues, 
 mockery, or possibly a form of 
 ^-ocus in hocus pocus — 'Hoc est 
 corpus,' in derision of transub- 
 stantiation, but not probably. 
 
 Stn. BefooL Gammon. Bamboozle. 
 Dupe. Trick. Trepan. 
 
 Ant. Guide. Enlighten. Undeceive. 
 Inform. Direct. Correct. Regulate. 
 
 Hobble, v. int. Bop. To 
 walk with a bitch or hop. To 
 hopple. 
 
 Stn. Limp. Falter. 
 
 Ant. Run. Course. Speed. Leap. 
 
 Hobby, n. Dan. hoppe, a mare. 
 A strong cob; a child's toy in 
 the figure of a horse; hence a 
 favourite pursuit. 
 
 Stn. Pursuit. Whim. Amusement. 
 Speciality. Idiosyncrasy. 
 
 Ant. Nuisance. Horror. Aversion. 
 Bugbear. Scarecrow. Incubua. 
 
 HoYDBN, n. Heide, a heath. A 
 bouncing rustic. 
 
 Sth. Romp. Tomboy. 
 Axt. Prude. 
 
 Hold, v. tr. and int. Sax. 
 healdan. 
 
 Snr. Keep. Grasp. Retain. Support. 
 IwCBtnuu. Defend. Maintain. Occupy. 
 Poanas. Sustain. Regard. Consider. Co- 
 hen. Continue. 
 
 Ani Drop. Abaodon. Surrender. P»ll 
 Release. Desert. Foreg). Vacate. Coo- 
 cede. Break. Cease. 
 
 Hollow, adj. Used meta- 
 phorically. Sax. hoi. Comp. 
 Hole.. 
 
 Stn. Empty. Concave. Foolish. Weak. 
 Faithless. Insincere. ArtificiaL Unsub- 
 stantiaL Flimsy. Transparent. Senseless. 
 
 Ant. Full. Solid. Well-stored. Strong. 
 Firm. Sincere. True, Genuine. Sub- 
 stantial. Sound. 
 
 Holy, adj'. Sax. hdlig. 
 
 Syn. Sacred. Reverend. Pure. Conse- 
 crated. Religious. 
 
 Ant, Profane. Evil. Impure. Un- 
 holy. 
 
 Homage, n. Homagium, homo, 
 a man. An acknowledgment 
 made to the Hege lord by the 
 man or vassal. 
 
 Stn. Fealty. Allegiance. Submission- 
 Worship. Deference. Affiance. 
 
 Ant. Treason. Rebellion. Disaffection. 
 Insubordination. Defiance. 
 
 HoBEE, n. Sax. hdm,, Germ. 
 heim. A settled abode. See 
 Abode. 
 
 Homogeneous, adf. Sfios, the 
 like, and yevos, kind. See Hetero- 
 geneous. 
 
 Honesty. Honestus was in 
 Latin high-born, and the word 
 has come to mean Probity, by 
 the general tendency of language 
 in past times to make all good 
 quahties aristocratic, and mean 
 qualities plebeian. The classic 
 sense of honestus was not honest, 
 but honourable. 
 
 Stn. Integrity. Probity. Uprightness. 
 Straightforwardness. Fairness. Sincerity. 
 Honour. 
 
 Ant. Dishonesty. Chicanery. Trickery. 
 Insincerity. Deception. Fraud. Unfahr- 
 ness. Guile. 
 
 Honour, w. Lat. Aowor. Ob- 
 jectively the deference paid by 
 others. Subjectively the sense 
 of the honourable. 
 
 Stn. Respect. Reverence. Nobility 
 Dignity. Eminence. Reputation, Fame 
 High-mindedness. I^lrtt. Self-respect 
 
I^jnonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 20V 
 
 Airt. Disiespcct. Contempt Irre- 
 renoe. Slight. Obscurity. Degradation. 
 
 Disgrace. Abasement. Demoralization. 
 
 Oowardice. DLsbonour. Infamy. 
 
 HoNOBARY, adj. Honorarium, 
 a fee. An office held unofficially, 
 as distinct from such as have 
 attached to them a specific au- 
 thority and specific claims. 
 
 Stn. Gratuitous. Unofficial. Unre. 
 munerative. Nominal. Titular. 
 
 Ant. Official. Remunerative, Profes- 
 sional. Jurisdictional. 
 
 Hoot, v. int. To cry as an 
 owl, with a cry of contempt, fol- 
 lowed by the prep. at. 
 
 Syn. Hiss. Execrate. Denounce. Sibi- 
 late. Decry. 
 
 Ant, Cheer. Honour. Acclaim. Eulo- 
 gize, Salute. Welcome. 
 
 Hope, n. Sax. hopa, hope. 
 Desire and expectation com- 
 bined. 
 
 Stn, Anticipation. Prospect. Vision. 
 Longing, Confidence, Desire, 
 
 Ant, Despair. Despondency. Distrust, 
 Disbelief. Abandonment, Abjuration. 
 
 Hopeful, adj. See Hope. 
 Said subjectively of the disposi- 
 tion or mind, and objectively of 
 the event or circumstance. 
 
 Syn. Eager. Ardent. Longing. Confi- 
 dent. Promising. Propitious. Auspicious. 
 
 Ant. Indifferent. Distrustful. Unpro- 
 mising. Unpropitious. Improbable. Hope- 
 ess. Desperate. Irreparable, Ill-omened. 
 Discouraging. Inauspicious, 
 
 Hopeless, adj. See Hopeful. 
 
 Horizon. 6pL^a>v, part, hound- 
 ing, kvkXos, a circle, being un- 
 derstood. Used metaphori- 
 cally. 
 
 Syk. Limit. Periphery. Circle. Boun- 
 dary. 
 
 Amt. S^xace Boundlessness. Infinitude. 
 
 Horbible, adj. Ilorribilis, 
 Ivwrere, to shudder. 
 
 Stn. Abominable. Detestable, Dread- 
 ful. Fearful, Hideous. Ghastly. Terrific. 
 HatefoL 
 
 Abt. Lovely. Desirable. Enjoyable. 
 Attractive. BeautlfuL Fair. Pleasant. 
 Amiablu 
 
 HoBBiD, adj. Horrtdus. ISet 
 Horrible. 
 
 Horror, n. Horrere, to grow 
 stiff with dread. It has come to 
 be used of strong dislike. 
 
 Syn. Fear. Dread. Shrinking, Loath- 
 ing, Detestation, 
 
 Ant, Love. Attraction. Allarcmcnt, 
 Enticement, 
 
 Hospitable, adj. Hospes, a 
 
 guest. 
 
 Stn. Sociable. Neighbourly. Chari- 
 table. 
 
 Ant. Unsociable. Exclusive, Retired. 
 Unneighbourly. Churlish. Recluse. 
 
 Host, n. Ilostis, an enemy. As 
 it were, an army of the enemy. 
 A multitude. 
 
 Syn. Multitude. Number. Assemblage 
 Army. 
 
 Ant. Handful. Sprinkling. Knot. 
 Group. Corps. Section, 
 
 Hostage, n. Said to be, not 
 hostagium, from hostis, as given 
 to the enemy in pledge, but 
 from obses, idis, Lat, a hostage. 
 
 Stn, Sponsor. Bail. Surety. 
 
 Ant. Dictator. Conqueror. 
 
 Hostility, n. Hostis, an 
 enemy. See Animosity. 
 
 Hound, v. tr. Sax. and Germ. 
 h'und, Gr. kvcdv, Lat. canis. Used 
 analogously. 
 
 Stn. Pursue. Hunt. Prosecute. 
 Ant. Liberate. Discard. Abandon. 
 Spare. 
 
 House, n. and v. Germ. haus. 
 See Abode and Store. 
 
 Hubbub, n. Comp. Whoop. 
 A confused soimd of voices. See 
 Babel. 
 
 Huddle, act. and neut. Germ. 
 hudeln. To do a thing hurriedly, 
 and so bunglingly; expresses 
 also the idea of joint movement 
 in confusion. 
 
 Syn. Mix. Confuse. Derange. Heap. 
 Ant. Assort. Arrange. ASust. Clas. 
 slfy. 
 
 Huge, adj. Conn, with High^ 
 through the Germ, hoch. 
 
208 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 Stk Enorraoua. Monstrous. Colossal. 
 Ani. Petty. Undersized. Puny. Pigmy. 
 
 Human, adj. Homo, humanus. 
 Belonging to man in nature and 
 Byinpathy. 
 
 Stn. Ethnical. Cosmical. Anthiopo- 
 .ogical. Rational. Civilized. 
 
 Ant. Inhuman. Beastly. Irrational. 
 
 Humane, adj. See Human. 
 More distinctly expressive of 
 what ought to be regarded as 
 liuman in sentiment and cha- 
 racter. 
 
 Syn. Benign. Kind. Tender Merci- 
 ful. 
 
 Ant. Unkind. Cmel. Unmerciful, In- 
 human. 
 
 Humanity, n. Like Human, 
 expresses the existence of the 
 human race, and what ought to 
 be its moral characteristic. 
 
 Stn. Man. Mankind. Kindness. Ten- 
 derness. Compassion. 
 
 Ant. Unkindness. Cruelty. Inhumanity. 
 Bestiality. Irrationality. Barbarity. 
 
 Humanize, v. tr. See Hn- 
 
 manity. 
 
 Stn. Civilize. Ameliorate. Enlighten. 
 Christianize. Refine. 
 
 Ant. Barharize. Degrade. Debase. De- 
 press. Brutalize. 
 
 Humble, adf. Lat. humilis. 
 Low in station; or, morally, in 
 self-estimation. 
 
 Stn. Low. Lowly. Obscure. Meek. 
 Modest. Unassuming. Unpretending. 
 
 Ant. High. Lofty. P^minent. Proud. 
 Boastful. Arrogant. Assuming, Preten- 
 tious. 
 
 Humid, adj. Lat. humidus. 
 
 Stn. Moist. Wet. Vaporous. Spongy. 
 Damp. 
 
 Ant. Dry. Arid. Moistureless. I'archcd. 
 
 Humiliate, v. tr. See Humble 
 and Elevate. i 
 
 Humility, n. See Humble. 
 
 Humour, n. Lat. humor, from 
 hiimere, to he moist. Of old, the 
 proportion of humours which 
 entered into the constitution 
 were believea to mako the dis- 
 positioa. It now stands for the 
 
 disposition of the moment, and 
 for that which is especially mo- 
 mentary—the exhibition of the 
 ludicrous or jocose. 
 
 Syn. Disposition, Temper. Mood. 
 Caprice. Jocoseness. Pleasantry. 
 
 Ant. Nature. Personality, ilind. \Vill, 
 Purpose. Seriousness. 
 
 Humoursome, adj. See Hu- 
 mour and Fanciful. 
 
 Hunt, v. tr. Sax. hentau, pur- 
 sue. See Hound. 
 
 Hurl, v. tr. Old Eng. See 
 Dart. 
 
 Hurry, act. and neiit. Germ. 
 hurren, to haste. See Speed and 
 Accelerate. 
 
 Hurt, v. Sax. hyrt, hurt or 
 wounded. 
 
 Stn. Wound. Bruise. Harm. Injure. 
 Damage. 
 
 Ant. Heal. Soothe. Console. Repair 
 Reinstate. Compensate. Benefit. 
 
 Husband, v. tr. Formed from 
 the noun, and used in the sense 
 of economize. See Economize. 
 
 Hush, v. tr. Formed from 
 the sound. See Silence. 
 
 Husky, adj. Husk. Germ. 
 hulsche, Sax. helan, to cover. A 
 husk. Used of the voice, as if 
 the throat were dry as a husk 
 See Hoarse. 
 
 Hustle, v. tr. Dan. hutsen, 
 to shake. See Jostle. 
 
 Hybrid, n. Lat. hyhrida. 
 
 Syn. Mixed. Impure. Mongrel. Mul«. 
 Ant. Pure. Unmixed, Thoroughbred. 
 
 Hypocrisy, n. See Hypocrite. 
 
 Hypocrite, n. vnoKpiTrjs, 
 the Oreek masked actor. Used 
 for one who masks his real na- 
 ture or motive under a contrary 
 demeanour. 
 
 Syn, Feigner. PretendOT. DiawmbJiar 
 Impostor. 
 
Synonyms diict Atitonyms. 
 
 209 
 
 The hypocrite feigns to bo 
 :v'hat ho is not, the dissembler to 
 be not what he is. 
 
 Ant. Siiint IJeliever. Christian. Sim- 
 pleton. Dupe. Bigot. Fanatic. 
 
 Hypockitical, adj. See Hy- 
 I)ocrite. 
 
 SiTN. Pharisaical. Sanctimonious. Smug. 
 Smooth. Mealy. Unctuous. Mincing 
 
 Ant. Plain-spoken, timdid. 'J'ruthful. 
 Sincere. Genuine. Transparent. 
 
 I. 
 
 Idea, n. Gr. Was of old a 
 term of the Platonic philosophy. 
 In modern parlance we mean by 
 an idea, a mental image of an 
 object of the senses, as a notion 
 is the impression of a quality. 
 So the ' Idea of a Man,' the ' No- 
 tion of Humanity.' This is not 
 strictly adhered to. 
 
 Syh. Image. Notion. Conception. Be- 
 lief. Doctrine. Supposition. Understand- 
 ing. Fiction. Fancy. 
 
 Ant. Object. Form. Subject. Thing. 
 Reality. 
 
 Ideal, adj. See Idea. Used 
 also as a noun with the definite 
 article prefixed — 'the ideal' — 
 and in the two senses of creation 
 and fiction of the mind. 
 
 Syn. Mental. Notional. Conceptional. 
 Intellectual. Creative. Spiritual. Poetical. 
 Suppositious. Fictitious. Unreal. Ima- 
 ginary. Chimerical. 
 
 Ant. Physical. Visible. Material. Tan- 
 gible. Historical. ReaL Actual. Palpa- 
 ble. SubstantiaL 
 
 Ideality, n. See Ideal. The 
 faculty of forming ideal concep- 
 tion, especially of the beautiful. 
 
 Syn. Fancy. Creativeness. Genius. 
 Ant. Imitation. Uninventiveness. Un- 
 tmaglnativeness. Copyism. 
 
 Identify, v. tr. Idem, the 
 same, SLndfacere, to make. Means 
 both to make into one and the 
 same, and also to recognize as 
 iKiing one and the same. 
 
 Stk. Unite, Ink-grato, lUscogfiize. .V 
 
 Ant. Divide. i)isui.lte. Confound. C'>u 
 fuse. Overlook. Mistake. 
 
 Identity, n. See Identify. 
 
 Stn. Oneness. Unity. Sameness. lelr- 
 sonality. Individuality. Convertibility. 
 
 Ant. Difference. Distinctness. Stpa- 
 ratf ncss. Plurality . Contrariety. 
 
 Idiocy, n. Gr. ldia>Trjs, a per- 
 son in private life uneducated to 
 hear office in the state or acadetny. 
 Hence mental deficiency. 
 
 Stn. Imbecility. Aberration. Insanity 
 Fatuity. 
 
 Akt. Sanity. Sagacity. Intelligence. 
 
 Sense. Juilgment. 
 
 Idiom. I'Stop, private or pecu- 
 liar; ifiico/xa, a peculiarity. A 
 term of expression i^eculiar to n 
 language. 
 
 Stn. SjKiclalty. Peculiarity. Charac- 
 teristic. Phrase. Turn. 
 
 Ant. Solecism. Barbarism. 
 
 IdIOSYNCRAOY, 7?. ifiio? avv 
 
 KpuuLs. The peculiar commix- 
 ture or composition which makes 
 up the taste and temper of a i)er- 
 son, or anything pecuharly illus- 
 trative of it. 
 
 Syk. Peculiarity. Constitution. Tempe- 
 rament. Specialty. Characteristic. Indi. 
 viduality. Singularitj'. ICccentricity. 
 
 Ant. Community. Universality. Gene- 
 rality. 
 
 Idiot, n. See Idiocy. 
 
 Syn. Imbecile. Fool. 
 
 Ant. Luminary. Sage. Authority. 
 
 Idle, adj. Sax. idel, vain, 
 empty. 
 
 Syn. Void. Unoccupied. Waste. Vain. 
 Empty. Unemployed 
 
 Ant. Tilled. Occupied. Populated. Filled. 
 Employed. Assiduous. Industrious. 
 
 Idolize, i\ tr, ct8<a\ov, an 
 idol or image made to he wov" 
 shipped. 
 
 Syn. Worship. Venerate. Adore. 
 
 Ant. Loathe. Execrate. Abominate. 
 
 Ignite, v, tr. Ignis, Jire, See 
 Kindle. 
 
 Ignoble, ndj'. In, not, and «f> 
 blUs, iiobb^. Used of social and 
 moral rlmrartGr or condition, ; 
 I' 
 
210 
 
 Synonyim and Antonyms. 
 
 SIN. Mean. Base. Dishonourable. Hum- 
 We. Plebeian. Lowly. 
 
 Ant. Honourable. Noble. Emineni Ex- 
 ■Ited. Lordly. Grand. Notable. Illustrious. 
 
 Ignominy, n. In, not, and no- 
 men, a name. A deprivation of a 
 good name. 
 
 Stn. Disgrace. Reprobation, Shame. 
 Reproach. Contempt. Dishonour. Infamy. 
 
 Ant. Credit. Reputation. Honour. 
 Glory. Distinction. Lustre. Renown. 
 
 Ignoramus, n. Lat. we are ig- 
 norant. 
 
 SrN. Dunce. Dullard. 
 Ant. Savant. Luminary. 
 
 Ignorance, n. In, not, and 
 
 noscere, to know. See Knowledge. 
 
 Ignore, v. tr. See Ignorance. 
 
 SifN. Disown. Repudiate. Overlook. 
 Ant. Own. Notice. Mark. Visit Re- 
 cognize. 
 
 Illegal, adj. See^ Legal. 
 
 Illegible, adj. See Legible. 
 
 Illegitimate, adj. See Legal. 
 
 Illiberal, adj'. See Liberal. 
 
 Illicit, adj'. See Licit. 
 
 Illiterate, adj. See Lite- 
 rary. 
 
 Illogical, adj. See Logical. 
 
 Illuminate, v. tr. In and lu- 
 men, a light. Used physically and 
 mentally. 
 
 Stn. Lighten. Enlighten. Emblazon. 
 Irradiate. 
 
 Ant. Darken. Obscure. Bedhn. 
 
 Illusion, n. llludere, to mock. 
 A mocking or unreal vision. 
 
 Syn. Dream. Mockery. Deception. De- 
 lusion. Hallucication. Vision. Phan- 
 tasm. 
 
 Illusion is used of the senses. 
 Delusion of the mind. 
 
 Ant. Form. Reality. Body. Sub- 
 stance. 
 
 Illusive, adj. See Illusion. 
 
 Stn. Deceptive. Visionary. Unreal. 
 Diaappomting. Fugitive. Erroneous. False. 
 Imaginary, 
 
 Ant. Substantial. SalisfactMy. Kea! 
 "I'rue Solid. I'eraanent 
 
 Illustrate, v. tr. lUustris, 
 
 bright. 
 
 Stn. Elucidate. Interpret. Exemplify. 
 Demonstrate. Explain. Embody. Repro- 
 sent. Paint. Image. 
 
 Ant. Obscure. Misinterpret. MyafiTy. 
 CoLfuse. Misrepresent. Darken. 
 
 Illustrative. See Illustrate. 
 Illustrious, adj. See IUur- 
 trate. 
 
 Stn. Renowned. Glorious. Brilliant 
 Deathless. 
 
 Ant. Ignominious. Disgraceful. Disre- 
 putable. Inglorious. Infamous. 
 
 Image, n. Imago, an image or 
 
 representation. A similitude of 
 
 any kind, as in language of an 
 
 illustrative character. 
 
 Stn. Statue. Likeness. Representation. 
 Effigy. Copy. Metaphor. Idea. Concep- 
 tion. Fiction. Shadow. 
 
 Ant. Person. Original. Substance. Sub- 
 ject. Object. Reality. Truth. Verity. 
 
 Imagery, n. See Image. 
 
 Stn. Poetry. Ftmcy. Illustration. Me- 
 taphor. Similitude. 
 
 Ant. Prose. Statement. Fact. 
 
 Imaginary, adj. See Imago 
 and Illusive. 
 
 Imaginative, adj. See Image. 
 Having the power of exciting the 
 imagination, or having a quiek 
 imagination. 
 
 Stn. Creative. Conceptive. Ideal. Poeti- 
 cal. Romantic. Original. Inventive. 
 
 Ant. Unimaginative. Unpoetical. Ul- 
 romantic. Prosaic. Matter-of-fact. Lite- 
 ral. Uninventive. 
 
 Imagine, v. tr. See Image. 
 
 Stn. Conceive. Suppose. Surmise. Un- 
 derstand. Fancy. Fabricate. 
 
 Ant. Represent. Exhibit. Demonstrate. 
 Prove. Substantiate. Verify. Depict. 
 
 Imbecile, adj. Lat. imbecillis. 
 Weak. In, on, and haculus, a staff. 
 
 Stn. Foolish. Fatuous. Idiotic. 
 Akt, Shrewd. Sagacious. Ckver. 
 
 Imbibe, v. tr. As to imbil)e 
 opinions. In and hihefre, to drink, 
 Used metaphorically. 
 
 Syk. Acquu-e. Learn. Assimilate. Ab 
 sorb. 
 
 Ant. Discard. RejVct. Renounce, Di»- 
 v«w 4.biare. Repul^a/e. 
 
ISt/nonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 21) 
 
 I&IBUUE, V. tr. In and Old 
 Eng. hrue, allied to brew. 
 
 SrN. Wet. Moisten. Soak. Drench. 
 Ant, Wring. Pry. Wipe. Draiu. 
 
 Imbue, V. tr. Jmhuere. Conn, 
 with hibere, to drink, to stain. 
 Used metaphorically for to affect. 
 
 Syn. Tinge. Dye. Stain. Impregnate. 
 Inoculate. Ingrain. Affect. Infect. 
 
 Ant. Disimbue. Disinoculate. Disabuse, 
 Cleanse. Clear. Disinfect. Purge. 
 
 Imitate, v. tr. Lat. imitari, 
 to imitate. 
 
 Stn. Represent. Copy. Follow, lle- 
 semble. Portray. Depict. Repeat. 
 
 Ant. Misrepresent. Caricature. Alter. 
 Vary. Dissimilate. Differentiate. Modify. 
 Ueniodel. Distort. 
 
 Imitation, n. See Imitate. 
 Imitative, adj. See Imitate. 
 
 Stn. Mimiclcing. Caricaturing. Copy- 
 ing. Unoriginal. Servile. Apish. 
 Ant. Original Creative, inventive. 
 
 Immaculate, adj. In, not, and 
 macula, a spot or stain. Used of 
 character. 
 
 Syn. Pure. Sinless. Spotless. Stain- 
 less. Virgin. Unpolluted. Undefiled. 
 
 Ant. Impure. Corrupt. Sinful. Con- 
 taminated. Defiled. Tainted. Polluted. 
 
 Spotted. 
 
 Immanent, adj. Immanere, to 
 remain in. 
 
 Syn. Inherent. Innate. Subjective. In- 
 fiwelling. Internal. Intrinsic. Congenital, 
 ingiained. Implicit. Natural. 
 
 Ant. Emanent. Transitive. Projective. 
 Developed. Exsilient. Phenomenal. Ex- 
 plicit. Accidental. Ascitltious. 
 
 Immanity, n. Immanis, sa- 
 vage. 
 
 Stn. Cruelty. Atrocity. Savagery. Fe- 
 rocity. Truculence. 
 
 Ant. Mildness. Gentleness. Docility. 
 Mansuetude. Tenderness. 
 
 Immaterial, adj. In and 
 mater ies, matter. Has the two- 
 fold sense of non-material and 
 unimportant. 
 
 Syn. Spiritual. Incorporeal. Unimpor- 
 tant. Insignificant. Trivial. Trifling. 
 
 Ant. Mateiial. Physical. Corporeal, 
 essential, importunt. 
 
 Immature, adj. Ir., not, and 
 maturus, ripe. 
 
 Syn. Unripe. Green Crude. Unfi- 
 nished. Undeveloped. 
 
 Ant. Ripe. Complete. Finished. Ma- 
 ture. Developed. 
 
 Immeasurable, adj. In, not, 
 and mensura, a measure. 
 
 Stn. Vast. Houndless. IlUmUable. Im- 
 mense. Unfathomable. Infinite. 
 
 Ant. Finite. Bounded. Limited. Cir- 
 cumscribed. Shallow. Restricted. 
 
 Immediate, adj. In, not, and 
 medius, middle. Not separated 
 by anything else between. 
 
 Syn. Proximate. Contiguous. Present. 
 Direct. 
 
 Ant. Distant. Remote. Future. Me- 
 diate. 
 
 Immemorial, adj. In, not, and 
 memoria, memory. That which 
 is so ancient as to pass beyond 
 human memory or tradition. 
 
 Stn. Primitive. Ancient. Archaic. Pre- 
 mordial. Time-honoured. Remote. 
 
 Ant. Recent. Modern. Late Upstart. 
 Fresh. 
 
 Immense, adj. Immensus. In, 
 and metiri, to measure. See Im- 
 measurable. 
 
 Immerse, v. In, and mergere, 
 mersus. 
 
 Syn. Dip. Plunge. Sink. Soak. Steep. 
 Macerate. Duck. Submerge. Diown. In- 
 undate. 
 
 Ant. Dry. Drain. Parch. Air. Ven- 
 tilate. 
 
 Immersion, w. See Immerse. 
 Immethodioal, adj. See Me- 
 thodical. 
 
 Immigration, n. In, and mi- 
 grare, to migrate. 
 
 Syn. Migration. Colonization. Settle- 
 ment. 
 
 Ant. Emigration. Exodus. 
 
 Imminent, adj. Imminere, to 
 luang over. Hanging over one's 
 head as if ready to fall. 
 
 Syn. Impending. Threi»t<;nlng. Hover- 
 ing. 
 
 Ant. Warded. Staved. Escaped. 
 
 Immisctbitjty, n. Sie Miacibla 
 
laser- 
 
 212 
 
 Immission, n, 
 
 lo Srlld. 
 
 SvN, Introduction. Injection, 
 tlun. 
 
 A.NT. l!jjectii»n. Emission. Discbarge. 
 
 Immitigable, adj. See Miti- 
 gate. 
 
 Immobility, n. See Mobile. 
 Immoderate, adj. See Mode- 
 rate. 
 
 Immodest, adj. See Modesty. 
 
 Immolate, v. tr. Mola, a salt 
 •ahe or grains placed an the vic- 
 tim. Hence to oiOfer in sacrifice. 
 Used metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Sacrifice. Victimize. 
 Ant. Spoil. Humour. Indulge, Feed. 
 Panipor. 
 
 Immoral, adj. See Moral. 
 Immortal, adj. See Mortal. 
 Immoveable, adj. See Move- 
 able. 
 
 Immundicitt, n. See Mundi- 
 city. 
 
 Immunity, n. Tmmunis. In, 
 not, and munns, a public service. 
 Exemption from service. Hence, 
 exemption from liability gene- 
 rally. 
 
 SiTN. Exemption. Dispensation. Free- 
 dom. 
 
 Ant. Liability. Obligation. Jurisdic- 
 tion. Impost, Burden. Amenability. 
 
 Immure, v. tr. In, and mums, 
 a wall. See Incarcerate. 
 
 Immutable, adj. See Mu- 
 table. 
 
 Imp, n. Swed. Ymp, a hud or 
 (/raft. Hence progeny, then mis- 
 chievous child. 
 
 Stn. Brat. Scamp. DevU. Demon. 
 Akt. Cherub. Angel. 
 
 Impact, n, Impingere, pac- 
 tum, to strike against. 
 
 8nr. Contact. Application. Impres- 
 •ion. Collision. 
 
 Ajtt, isolation. Separation. H'^ni'^val. 
 AroidancB. Jfon-contac*.. Int iv I. Muiv.' 
 
 Sijnonyms and Antonyms. 
 Tiiy and mittei-e 
 
 Impair, v. tr. Said to bo from 
 imptjorare. Pejus, worse. To 
 make worse. 
 
 Stn. Deteriorate. Irjure. Ivimag" Re- 
 duce. Kiiioc'ble. 
 
 Ant. Knhance. Improve Augment 
 Repair. 
 
 Impalpable, adj. See Pal- 
 pable. 
 
 Imparity, n. In, not, and par, 
 equal. See Parity. 
 
 Impart, v.^r. In, and part iri, 
 to allot, pars, a lot. See Give. 
 
 Impartial, adj. See Partial. 
 
 Impassable, adj. See Pass- 
 able. 
 
 Impassible, adj. See Impas- 
 sioned. 
 
 Syn. Immaterial. Immortal, 
 Ant. Passible. IMortul. 
 
 Impassioned, adj. In, and 
 potior, iMSsas, to sujfer or he. 
 affected. 
 
 Syn. ICxcited. Fervid. 
 
 Ant. Uniiiipassioned 
 sive. 
 
 Impassive, adj. 
 sioned. 
 
 Impatient, adj. 
 Impawn, v. tr. See Pawn. 
 
 Impeach, v. tr. Impingere, fo 
 thrust or drive against. So to 
 stop or pull up for a charge or 
 offence. 
 
 Syn. Accuse. Arraign. Ciiminate. in. 
 diet. 
 
 Ant. Acquit. Absolve. VindicalM 
 Ab-' 
 
 Impeccability, n. See Pecccr 
 bility. 
 
 Impede, v, tr. In, and pes, pe- 
 dis, afoot. To throw sometliijo^-, 
 in the way of the feet of the 
 walker. See Accelerate. 
 
 Impel, v. tr. ImpcUerr, U 
 drive forward. St:e Urge. 
 
 Cool, Impas- 
 
 See Impas- 
 See Patient. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 213 
 
 /MrKND, V. in t. In, on, or over, 
 »nd pendere, to hang. 
 Sth. H()ve> Threaten. 
 Ant. Pass. Spare. 
 
 Impenetrable, adj. See Pe- 
 netrable. 
 
 Impenitent, adj. Impeni- 
 iKNCE, «. *S'ee Penitent. 
 
 Impesativb, adj. hn.pevare, to 
 command. 
 
 SvN. Urgent. Irresistible. Dictatorial. 
 Inexorable. Peremptorily. Compulsory. 
 
 Ant. Indulgent. lA'nient. Mild. Kn- 
 treative. Supplicatory. Optional. Discre- 
 tional. 
 
 Imperceptible, adj. See Per- 
 ceptible. 
 
 Impercipient, adj. See Per- 
 cipient. 
 
 Imperfect, adj. See Perfect. 
 
 Imperforate, adj. See Per- 
 forate. 
 
 Imperial, adj. Imperhim, em- 
 liirc. 
 
 Sin. Majestic, Royal. Supreme. Mag- 
 nificent. iSuperb. 
 
 Ant. Ignoble. Servile, Slavish. Mean. 
 Paltry. Beggarly, 
 
 Imperil, v. tr. In, and peri- 
 cidum, danger. See Endanger. 
 Imperious, adj. See Imperial. 
 
 Stn. Arrogant. Exacting. Dictatorial. 
 Authoritative. 
 
 Ant. Yielding. Submissive. Compliant. 
 Docile. Ductile. Lenient. Gentle. Mild. 
 
 Imperishable, adj. See Pe- 
 rishable. 
 
 Impermanence, n. See Per- 
 manence. 
 
 Impermeable, adj. See Per- 
 meable. 
 
 Impersonal, adj. See Per- 
 sonal. 
 
 Impersonate, v. tr. In, and 
 persona, a mat>k (from per and so- 
 nare, to somw/Z, through which the 
 voioo sounded) or sustained cha- 
 
 m4e'-\ Used fpr the legitjniate 
 
 sustainment of character, as on 
 the stage, and also for the frau- 
 dulent passing of one's self ofl 
 for another person. 
 
 Stn. Act. Enact. Represent. 
 Ant. Detect. Unmask. Iilxpusc. 
 
 Impertinent, adj. See Perti- 
 nent. 
 
 Imperturbable, adj. See Per- 
 turb and Stoical. 
 
 Impervious, adj. See Per- 
 vious. 
 
 Impetrate, v. tr. Im2>etrai'e^ 
 to entreat. 
 
 Stn. Entreat. Implore. Absecrate. Pray 
 Imprecate. 
 
 Ant. Demand. Command. Claim. In- 
 sist. Deprecate. Dchort. Dissuade, Kx- 
 postulate. Remonstrate. 
 
 Impetuous, adj. Impetus, haste, 
 speed. See Hasty. 
 
 Impiety, n. See Piety. 
 
 Impignorate, v. tr. See Pawn, 
 
 Impinge, v. int. Jmpinyere, tc 
 strike upon. See Impact. 
 
 Implacable, adj. See Placa 
 ble. 
 
 Implant, v. tr. In, and plan 
 tare. I'lanta, the sole. Hence ta 
 plant one's steps. The plant was 
 the slip footed or planted in the 
 soil. See Plant. 
 
 Implement, n. Implementum, 
 a jilling upi, iinplere, to Jill. Com p. 
 Complement. 
 
 Syn. Instrument UtensiL Tool. Ap 
 pliance. 
 
 Ant. Ijabour. Work, Science. Art 
 Manufacture. Agriculture. 
 
 Impletion, n. See Implement 
 A filling. 
 
 Stn. Filling. Satisfaction. Supply. 
 Ant. Failure. Exhausticn. Depriva- 
 tion. Disappointment. 
 
 Implicate, v. tr. In, andjnZ/- 
 care, to fold. To fold mto a diffi- 
 culty or chfi^rge by argument oi 
 
 examplt^, 
 
214 
 
 Syk. Com'3ot. 
 minate. 
 
 Aht "disconnect. 
 Kxtricat* 
 
 Implication, 
 
 catc. 
 
 Synonyms ana Antonyms. 
 
 Charge. 
 
 Associate 
 
 Dissocial* 
 
 Cri- 
 Acquit 
 
 See Impli- 
 
 Implioit, adj. In, and pUcare, 
 to fold. Folded up inside but 
 not brought to light. Also used 
 in the sense of intimate, close, as 
 * implicit trust.' 
 
 Stn. Implied. Involved. Indicated. 
 Ant. Expressed. Kxplicit. Developed. 
 
 Implied, part. See Implicit. 
 
 Implobb, v. tr. In, and plo- 
 rare, to weep. To beseech ear- 
 nestly, and, as it were, with tears. 
 iSce Entreat. 
 
 Imply, v. tr. Tn, and plicare, 
 tn fold. To signify in a sugges- 
 tive way, not expressly. 
 
 SvN. Involve. Mean, indicate. Sug- 
 gest. Hint. 
 
 Ant, Express. Declare. State. Pro- 
 nounce. 
 
 Impolitb, adj. See Polite. 
 
 Impolitic, adj. See Politic. 
 
 Imponderable, adj. See Pon- 
 derable. 
 
 Imponderous, adj. See Pon- 
 derous. 
 
 Imporous, adj. See Porous. 
 
 Import, v. tr. Importare, to 
 carry ijdo. 
 
 Syn. Introduce. Biing. 
 
 Ant. P^xport Banish. 
 
 Import, n. See I]in})ort, v. 
 That which is brought to bear 
 11 pon a point. 
 
 Stn. Purport. Meaning. Drift. 'I'enor. 
 Si};nificance. 
 
 Ant. Statement Proceeding. 
 
 Important, adj. See Import 
 V. Said of that wliich brings in 
 something materially afifecting a 
 state or question. Applied also 
 to persons and objects of im- j Ufication 
 portance. ' Impound, 
 
 Stn. Significant, l-'-xpro-sive. Il«^U>vairt 
 Main. Leading. Considerable. Great. Ih^ 
 nified. InfluentiaL 
 
 Amt. Insignificant. Trivial. Inexpre-s- 
 sivo. Irrelevant. 'Inconsiderable. I'etly 
 Mean. UnlnfluentiaL Secondary. Cnlra- 
 portant. Minor. 
 
 Importation, n. See Im- 
 port, V. 
 
 Importunate, adj. Importn- 
 nare. In, not, and portare, to 
 bear, or he relevant. To come in 
 obtrusively, to ask with great if 
 not excessive eagerness. 
 
 Syn. Over-urgent. Over-entreativc. Press- 
 ing. 
 
 Ant. Modest. Diffident 
 
 Importune, v. tr. See Impor- 
 tunate. 
 
 Stn. Pester. Solicit. Press. 
 
 Ant. Surrender. Abandon. Sacrifice. 
 
 Impose, v. tr. Imponere, posi' 
 tus, to place upon. 
 Stn. Lay. Inflict. 
 Ant. Remove. Disburden. 
 
 The word has also the peculiar 
 sense of Cheat. 
 
 Imposing, adj. See Impose. 
 
 Stn. striking. Effective. Dignified 
 
 Undignified. Petty. 
 adv. See Pos- 
 
 Grand. 
 
 Ant. Ineffective. 
 
 Impossible, 
 
 sible. 
 Impost, n. See Impose. 
 
 Stn. Imposition. Tax. Burden. 
 Ant. i'jxemption. Immunity. Proceeds 
 Revenue. 
 
 Impostor, n. Sec Impose. 
 One who imposes in the sense of 
 Cheat. 
 
 Syn. Cheat Deceiver. Dissembler. Char- 
 latan. 
 
 Ant. Detector. Uudeceiver. Enlight- 
 ener. Guide. 
 
 Imposture, or. See Impostor. 
 
 Impotence, n. In, 7tot, and 
 polls, capiable. 
 
 Stn. Incapacity. Weakness. Disquali- 
 fication. Disability. 
 
 Ant. Capacity, Vigour. Ability, Qna. 
 
 V. tr. 
 
 Pound, 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 215 
 
 Impoyebish, v. tr. In, and 
 pauper, poor. To mako poor. 
 See Enrich. 
 
 IMPRACTICABLE; adj. See 
 
 Practicable. 
 
 Imprecate, v. tr. In, and 
 precari, to pray. See Impetrate. 
 
 Improper, adj. See Proper. 
 
 Impregnable, adj. See Preg- 
 nable. 
 
 I3IPURE, adj. In, not, and 
 purus, pure. See Pure. 
 
 Impute, v. tr. Lat. Impu- 
 tare. 
 
 Stn. Ascribe. Refer. Charge. 
 Ant. Withdraw, Retract. 
 
 Inability, n. See Ability. 
 
 Inaccessible, adj. See Ac- 
 cessible. 
 
 Inaccurate, adj. See Accu- 
 rate. 
 
 Inaction, n. See Action. 
 
 Inactivity, n. See Activity. 
 
 Inadequate, adj. See Ade- 
 quate. 
 
 Inadmissible, adj. See Ad- 
 missible. 
 
 iNADVERTiiifOE, ». See Ad- 
 vert. 
 
 Stn. Oversight 
 
 Ant. Correction. Attention. 
 
 Inadvertent, adj. See In- 
 advertence. 
 
 Stn. Inobservant. Careless. Heedless. 
 Ant. Careful. Observant. Accurate. 
 
 Inalienable, adj. 
 
 Stn. Alien. Intransferable. Entailed. 
 Ant. Unentailed. Transferable. 
 
 Inane, adj. Lat. Inanis, empty. 
 
 Stn. Empty, Pointless. Characterless. 
 Vapid. Feeble. 
 
 Ant. Significant. Pointed. Powerful. 
 Sensible. Forcible. 
 
 Inanimate, adj. See km- 
 
 See Appe- 
 al?/. See Ap- 
 
 Inanition, n. See Inane. 
 
 Stn. Emptiness. Exhaustion. Starr*- 
 tion. 
 
 Ant. Fullness. Plethora. Repletion. 
 
 Inanity, n. See Inanition. 
 
 Stn. See Inane. 
 
 Inappetency, n. 
 tite. 
 
 Inapplicable, 
 plicable. 
 
 Inapposite, adj. See Appo- 
 site. 
 
 Inappreciable, adj. See Ap- 
 preciate. 
 
 Stn, Infinitesimal. Minute. Impercep- 
 tible. 
 
 Ant. Perceptible. Ponderable. Appre- 
 ciable. Calculable. 
 
 Inappropriate, adj. See Pro- 
 per. 
 Inapt, adj. See Apt. 
 
 Inarticulate, adj. In, rwf, 
 and articulus, a Joint or division. 
 
 Syn. Dumb. Mute. Confused. Inor- 
 ganic. 
 
 Ant. Articulated. Enuntlated. Organic. 
 Compound. 
 
 Inartificial, adj. See Arti- 
 ficial, 
 
 Inattention, n. See Atten- 
 tion. 
 
 Inaudible, adj. In, not, and' 
 ire, to hear. 
 
 Syn. Low. Inarticulate. Suppressed 
 Muttering. Mumbling. Stifled. Muffled. 
 
 Ant. Audible. Outspoken. Sonorous. 
 Articulate. Clear. Ringing. Loud. 
 
 Inaugurate, v. tr. In, and 
 augur, the Itoman officer vjhose 
 duty it was to watch and consult 
 omens on the appointment of state 
 offi,cers and the undertaking of 
 military expeditions. Hence to 
 go through a ceremony at the 
 commencement or introduction 
 of something. 
 
 Stn. Initiate. Commence. InstalL 
 Ant. Deprive. Divert. Concl'44e. Ter- 
 
216 
 
 iNAUaUBATION, 
 
 gurate. 
 
 Inauspicious, adj. See Aus- 
 picious. 
 
 Inborn, adj. In, and home or ! 
 born. See Congenital. 
 
 Inbred, adj. In and hred. i 
 See Inborn. 
 
 Incalculable, adj. See Cal- 
 culate. 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 See Inau- as *tho incarnation of selfish 
 
 Incandescence, n. In, and 
 candescere, to he of a ivhife heat. 
 
 Stn, Incalcscence. Glow. White heat. 
 
 Ant. Iciness, Congelation, llcfrigera- 
 Uon, Crystallization. 
 
 Incantation, n. jncanfare, 
 to recite or chant a magical form 
 of words. 
 
 Syn. Recitation. Spell. Charm. Invo- 
 cation. 
 
 Ant, Exorcism. Evocation. 
 
 Incapable, 
 
 lity. 
 
 Stk. Qualifietl. Able. Fitted. Strong. 
 Clover. 
 
 Ant. Unqualified. Unable. Incapable. 
 Unfitted, Weak. Incompetent. Feeble. 
 
 ndj. See Capabi- 
 
 Incapacious, adj. 
 cious. 
 
 Incapacity, n. 
 city. 
 
 Incarcerate, v. tr. 
 career, eris, a prison. 
 Sin. Jnimure. Imprison. 
 Ant. JJberate. Release. 
 
 See Capa- 
 
 See Capa- 
 
 In, and 
 
 See Incar- 
 
 as *tho 
 
 ness.* 
 
 Stn. Embodimcrt. Impersonation. 
 Ant. Disembodiment, Spirituallzation 
 Abstraction. 
 
 Incase, v. tr. See Case. 
 
 Stn. Inclose. Enshrine. Impannel. 
 Board. Batten. 
 
 Ant. Unpack. E.x tract. Expose. Dis- 
 close. 
 
 Incarceration, n. 
 cerate. 
 
 Incarnadine, v. tr. Caro, car- 
 nis, Jlesh. To dye carnation 
 colour. 
 
 Sin. Redden. Rubricate. Crimson, 
 Ant. Whiten. Pale. Etiolate. 
 
 Ijnoarnation, n. See Incar- 
 nadine, The condition of a being i 
 clothed in human flesh ; applied 
 also to the manifestation of ideas 
 ^f stsntinfients in living persons. 
 
 Incautious, adj. See Cau- 
 tious. 
 
 Incendiarism, n. Incendar^ 
 to hum. Used of malicious de- 
 struction of property by fire. 
 
 Stn. Arson. Conflagration. 
 Ant. Extinction. Annihilation. Quench- 
 ing, 
 
 Incendiary, n. See Incen- 
 diarism. 
 
 Incense, v. See Incendiarism. 
 Used metaphorically. 
 
 Svn. Inflame. Irritate Provoke. Sting, 
 Nettle. Exasperate. Gall. Chafe 
 
 Ant. Allay. Soothe. Pacify. Appease. 
 Mollify. Conciliate. 
 
 Inception, n. Inciperc, to he- 
 gin. See Beginning. 
 
 Incentive, n. Jncinere, to 
 strike up a tune. A stirring up 
 by note or sound. 
 
 Stn. Inducement. Excitation. Rous- 
 ing. Motive. Stimulus. 
 
 Ant. Discouragement. Warning. Dis- 
 suasive. Prohibition. JX-terrent. 
 
 Inceptor, n. See Inception. 
 Incertitude, n. See Cer- 
 tainty. 
 
 Incessant, adj. In, not, and 
 cessa7'e, to cease. 
 
 Svn. Continual. Uninterrupted. Un- 
 intermitted. Perpetual. 
 
 Ant. Periodic. Occasional. Inter- 
 rupted. Intermittent 
 
 Inchoation. n. Inenoare, to 
 hegin. See Inception. 
 
 Incidence, n. Incide'^e, to 
 fall. The falling or striking at 
 a given pfjint or angle. 
 
 Svn. Impingement. Imjuct. Stroke. 
 4mt. I|<4pc|.ioii. ResilifHce. liebouij^ 
 
bynomjms and Autonyms. 
 See Incidence 
 
 217 
 
 Incident, n. 
 and Event. 
 
 Inoidbntal, adj. See Inci- 
 dent. Used of that wliicli regu- 
 larly, and that which casually, 
 befalls a thing, without being 
 absolutely essential to it. 
 
 Stn. Casual. Occasional. Appcrtinent. 
 Concomitant. Concurrent. Accidental. 
 
 Ant. Systematic. lleRular. Indepen- 
 dent. J)isconnected. Irrelntive. Essential. 
 Immanent. Inherent. Uniform. Inva- 
 riable. 
 
 Incipience, n. See Inception. 
 
 Incipient, adj. See Inception 
 and Beginning. 
 
 Incircumspect, adj. See Cir- 
 cumspect. 
 
 Incite, v. tr. Jncitare. See 
 Urge. 
 
 Incivility, n. Sec Civil. 
 
 Inclement, adj. In, not, and 
 danens, dement. 
 
 Syn. Harsh. Tyrannical. Cruel. Un- 
 merciful. 
 
 Ant. Mild. Benign. Clement. Genial. 
 Merciful. 
 
 Incline, v. tr. and int. In- 
 dinare. 
 
 Stn. Slope. Bear. Lean. Point Tend. 
 Dispose. Induce. Dip. Bias. Prompt. 
 
 Ant. Trend. Diverge. Ascend. Deter. 
 Rise. Indispose. Disincline. 
 
 Incline, n. See verb. 
 
 n. 
 Inclination, 
 
 n. 
 
 Inclusive, adj. 
 
 inclu,de. 
 
 Stn. Comprehensive. 
 bracing. Implied. 
 
 Ant. I'^xclusive. Excepted, 
 ti vv. Adversative. 
 
 Incognizable, adj. 
 nizance. 
 
 Incoherence, n. 
 here. 
 
 Syn. Disunion. Dis-nption, 
 Ureii-bS. Solution. 
 vyfT, Coljcrencc. 
 
 See Incline. 
 Indudere, to 
 
 Additive. Em- 
 Kenuntia- 
 
 See Cog- 
 See Co- 
 
 Incombustible, adj. In not, 
 and cornhuro, ustus, to hum. 
 Stn. Uninflammable. Aphlogistlc. 
 Ant Inflammable. Combustible. 
 
 Incombustibility, n. See 
 Combustibility. 
 Income, n. In and co7nc. 
 
 Syn. Proceeds. Pay. Allowance. 
 Ant. Disbursement. Expenditure. 
 
 Incommensurable, adj. Sec 
 Commensurate. 
 
 tr. See Accom- 
 
 Inconsecu- 
 Disconnection. 
 
 Coitiuui^. C|p&et|ess. 
 
 Incommode, 
 modate. 
 
 Incommunicable, adj. See 
 Communicate. 
 
 Syn. Intransfcrable. Inalienable. 
 Ant, Transferable. Alienable. Com- 
 municable. 
 
 Incomparable, adj. See Com- 
 parable. 
 
 Syn. Matchless, Unique. Consummate. 
 Tran.sccniiint. 
 
 Ant. Common. Ordinary. Average. 
 
 Incompassionate, adj. See 
 Compassion. 
 
 Syn. Hardhearted. Unmerciful. 
 Ant. Clement. Benignant. Compas 
 sionate. IMercifiil. 
 
 Incompatible, adj. See Com- 
 patible. 
 
 Incompetence, n. See Com- 
 petence, 
 
 Incomplete, adj. See Complete 
 
 Incomprehensible, adj. See 
 Comprehend. 
 
 Syn. Mysterious. Unfathomable. Enig- 
 matical. 
 
 Ant. Comprehensible. Cognizable. Plain. 
 
 Incomprehension, n. See 
 Comprehension, 
 
 Incompressible, adj. See Com- 
 press. 
 
 Inconceivable, adj. See Con- 
 ceive, 
 
 Inconcinnity, 
 cinnity. 
 
 Inconclusive, 
 clusivv) 
 
 See Con- 
 oe( i)o^' 
 
218 
 
 Synonyms and Anloity 
 adj. See Con- 
 
 iNCONGKUOt^ 
 
 pruous. 
 
 Inconsiderable, adj. See Con- 
 siderable. 
 
 Tnconsidekatb, adj. See Con- 
 siderate. 
 
 Inconsistent, adj. See Con- 
 bistent. 
 
 Inconsolable, adj. Sec Con- 
 sole. 
 
 Inconsonant, adj. See Con- 
 sonant. 
 
 Incontestable, adj. See Con- 
 test. 
 
 Syn. Indisputable. Unquestionable. Un- 
 assailable. Impregnable. 
 
 Ant. Dubious. Questionable. Problem- 
 ■jtical. Supposititious. Arbitrary. Assump- 
 *ivo. Hypothetical. 
 
 Incontiguous, adj. See Con- 
 tiguous. 
 
 Incontinent, adj. See Conti- 
 nence. 
 
 Incontinently, adv. See In- 
 continent. Used also in the 
 sense of immediately, i. e., with- 
 out holding in for a moment. 
 
 Incontrovertible, adj. See 
 Controvertible. 
 
 Incontrovertibility, n. See 
 Controvertibility. 
 
 Inconvenient, adj. See Con- 
 venient. 
 
 Inconvbrsiblb, ad,j. In, not, 
 and conversari, to hold conversa- 
 tion. See Affable. 
 
 Inconvertible, adj. See Con- 
 vertible. 
 
 Incorporeal, adj. See Cor- 
 poreal. 
 
 Incorporate, v. tr. See Cor- 
 poreal and Disintegrate. 
 
 ijrooiiBECT, adj. See Correct. 
 
 Incorrigible, adj. Set Ccff* 
 rigible. 
 
 Incorruptible, adj. See Cor- 
 rupt. 
 
 Incouruption, n. See Cor- 
 ruption. 
 
 InorawsatEj v. tr. In and 
 
 c/'as.s.Y.s, mkh. Sec Thicken. 
 
 Increase, v. tr. and int. In 
 and crescere, to grow. See De- 
 crease. 
 
 Incredible, adj. See Cre- 
 dible. 
 
 Incredulity, n. See Credu- 
 lity. 
 
 Incricment, n. See Decre- 
 ment. 
 
 Inorust, v. tr. Crusta, a crust. 
 To cover with a coat or crust. 
 
 Snr. Coat, Overlay. Plaster. 
 Aht. Scrape. Abrade. Levigate. Exfo- 
 liate. 
 
 Inculcate, v. tr. In and calx, 
 the heel. To impress, and, as it 
 were, stamp in. 
 
 Syw. Impress. Urge. Enforce. lYess. 
 Teach. 
 
 Ant. Insinuate. Suggest. Disavow. 
 
 Abjure. Den*- ance. 
 
 Inculpate, v. tr. In and 
 
 culpa, a fault. See Implicate. 
 
 Incumbent, adj. Incumhere, 
 to lie upon. 
 
 Stn. Pressing. Urgent. Devolvent. Ob- 
 ligatory. 
 
 Ant. Optional. Discretional. 
 
 Incur, v. tr. Incurrere, to run 
 into. 
 
 Syn. Meet, Run. 
 
 Ant. AVoid. Shun. Elude. Plecape 
 
 Incurable, adj. See Cure. 
 
 Syn. Irremediable. Irredeemable. 
 Ant. Tractable. Removable. Rctatil- 
 able. 
 
 Incuriosity, n. See CivriCr 
 sity. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 lifOtrRSioN, n. See Incur. 
 
 Stn. Invasion. Encroachment Raid. 
 Oragonnade. Sally. 
 
 Ant. Encampment Settlement Abode. 
 Retreat. 
 
 Incurvation, w. In and cur- 
 vare, cur v us, to bend. See Bend. 
 
 Indagation, n. Indagari, to 
 track or trace. See Examine. 
 
 Indebted, adj. In and dehere, 
 to owe. Debitum, a debt, 
 
 Syn. Obliged. Beholden. 
 
 Ant. Disobliged. Unbeholden. 
 
 Indecent, adj. See Decent. 
 
 Indecision, n. See Decision. 
 
 Indecisive, adj. See Decision. 
 
 Indecorum, n. In, not, and 
 decor, grace or propriety. 
 
 Syn. Impropriety. Coarseness. Incor- 
 rectness. 
 
 Ant. Propriety. Decorum. Correctness. 
 
 Indefatigable, adj. In, not, 
 defatigare, to wear out by fatigue. 
 
 Stn. Unwearied. Incessant. Persistent. 
 Indomitable. 
 
 Ant. Indolent. Indifferent. Idle. 
 
 Indefeasible, adj. See Fea- 
 sible. Not to be undone. 
 
 Syn. Irreversible. Unalterable. Immu- 
 table. 
 
 Ant. Reversible. Alterable. Mutable. 
 
 Indefensible, adj. See De- 
 fensible. 
 
 Indefinite, adj. See Definite. 
 
 Indelible, adj. In, not, de- 
 lere, to wipe out. 
 
 Syn. Indestructible. Indefeasible. In- 
 effaceable. Persistent. Irreversible. 
 
 Ant, Mutable. Evanescent. Transient. 
 Effaceable. 
 
 Indelicate, adj. In, not, and 
 delicatus, nice. 
 
 Syn. Coarse. Broad. Indecent. 
 
 Ant. Nice. Refined. Modest. Delicate. 
 
 Indemnify, v. tr. In, not, and 
 damnum, loss or damage. To 
 rescue or secure from loss or 
 
 Stn. Compensate. Secure. Satisfy. Re- 
 unburse. 
 
 Ainr. Fine. Mulct. Amerca 
 
 210 
 
 See De- 
 
 Independence, n. 
 pendence. 
 
 Indescribable, adj. See Do 
 scribe. 
 
 Syn. CTnaccountable. Inexpressible. In- 
 effable. Unutterable. 
 
 Ant. Familiar. Ordinary, 
 
 Imdestructible, adj. See De- 
 stroy. 
 
 Syn. Imperishable. Indiscerptible. 
 Ant. Perishable. Destructible. Die- 
 soluble. 
 
 Indeterminate, adj. See De- 
 terminate. 
 
 Indicate, v. tr. Indicare, to 
 point out. 
 
 Syn. Show. Evidence. Betray. Evince. 
 Manifest. Declare. Specify. 
 
 Ant. Conceal. Contradict. Negative. 
 Misindicate. Misdirect. Falsify. 
 
 Indication, n. See Indicate. 
 
 Syn. Mark. Sign. Token. Manifesta- 
 tion. E]vidence. Demonstration. Proof, 
 Prognostic. 
 
 Ant. Silence. Undcmonstrativencss. Sur- 
 raise. Misdirection. Misindication. Mis- 
 guidance. 
 
 Indict, v. tr. Indictare, from 
 dicere, to charge. See Charge. 
 
 Indifference, n. In, not, 
 and differentia, a difference. The 
 want of sufficient importance to 
 constitute a difference, and con- 
 sequently, in a secondary sense, 
 the careless feeling about such 
 cases. 
 
 Syn. Triviality. Unimportance. Insig- 
 nificance. Coolness. Carelessness. Com 
 posure. 
 
 Ant. Importance. Significance. Weight. 
 Gravity, Eagerness. Interest. Affection 
 Ardour. 
 
 Indigent, adj. In and egere, 
 to inant. 
 
 Syn. Poor. Straitened. Impecunious, 
 Akt. Wealthy. Rich, Monied. 
 
 Indigestible, adj. See Digest. 
 
 Syn. Crude. Raw. Heavy 
 
 Ant. Digestible. Nutritive. Light. 
 
 Indignation, n. In, not, and 
 di'jfius. Comp. Dignity. Wortl.| 
 
220 
 
 iho feeling roused by an un- 
 worthy act. 
 
 Stk. Rc8fnji.cnt Denunciation. Pro- 
 testation. 
 
 Ant. Gratification. Admiration. Ap- 
 plause. Approval. Complact-ncy. 
 
 TsDiGNiTY, n. See Indigna- 
 tion. An offence against per- 
 sonal dignity. 
 
 SrN. Insult. Outrage. Affront. Dis- 
 respect. 
 
 Ant. Deference. Compliment. Homage. 
 Respect. 
 
 Indiligence, n. See Dili- 
 gence. 
 
 Indirect, adj. See Direct. 
 
 Indiscernible, adj. See Dis- 
 ceniible. 
 
 Indiscerptible, adj. Lat. 
 dis and carpere, to pluck or pull. 
 See Indestructible. 
 
 Indiscoverablk, adj'. See Dis- 
 cover. 
 
 Syn. Untraceable. Incognizable. 
 Ant. Cognizable. Traceable. Disco- 
 verable. 
 
 Indiscreet, adj'. See Dis- 
 creet. 
 
 Indiscretion, n. See Discre- 
 tion. 
 
 Indiscriminate, adj'. See Dis- 
 criminate. Used botii of objects 
 and actively of character. 
 
 Syn. Mixed. Confused Medley. Pro- 
 miscuous. JU-assorted. Undiscemlng. 
 
 Akt. Careful. Sorted. Select. Discern- 
 ing. 
 
 Indiscrimination, n. See In- 
 discriminate. 
 
 Indispensable, adj. See Dis- 
 pensable. 
 
 Indisposed, adj. See Dis- 
 pose. 
 
 Stn. Disinclined. Unwilling. Reluc- 
 tant. Sick. Ailing. 
 
 Ant. Inclined. Prompt. Ready. Will- 
 ing. Eager. Desirous. Sound. Healthful. 
 
 Indisputable, adj. See Dis- 
 jnitjict and Ii^conlqstablo. 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 adj. 
 
 Pi.«* 
 
 i«ii». 
 
 iNDISSQLUBIiB, 
 
 solute. 
 
 Stn. Inviolable. Inseparable, 
 ccrptible. Indestructible. 
 
 Ant. Separable. Termlnabl«>. Disccrj)- 
 tiblc. Dissoluble. 
 
 Indistinct, adj. See Distinct. 
 
 Indistinguishable, adj. See 
 Distinguish. 
 
 Syn. Indiscernible. Inappreciable. Mi- 
 nute. Confused. 
 
 Ant. Distinguishable. Conspicuou-!. 
 
 Indite, v. tr. Same word as 
 Indict, but differently employed. 
 
 Syn. Prompt. Suggest. Dictate. Word. 
 Ant. Write. 'I'rauscribc. Pen. 
 
 Individual, adj. Jn, not, and 
 divkluus, divided or divisible. 
 
 Syn. Personal. Specific. Peculiar. In- 
 Singular. Idiosyn- 
 
 Identical. 
 
 Common. Collective. 
 
 divisible, 
 era tic. 
 
 Ant. General. 
 PluraL 
 
 Indivisible, adj. See Divide. 
 
 Syn. Minute. Atomic. Ultimate. 
 Ant. Divisible. Disccrptible. Sepa 
 rable. 
 
 Indocility, n. See Docile. 
 
 Indoctrinate, v. tr. In and 
 doctrina, doctrine. Docere, to 
 teach. See Instruct. 
 
 Indolence, n. In, not, and 
 dolere, to feel pain. A state of 
 painless inactivity ; the tendency 
 on the part of persons to desire 
 such a state. 
 
 Stn. See Activity. 
 
 Indomitable, adj. Domitare, 
 to tame. 
 
 Stn. Invincible. Untameable. Irre- 
 pressible. Indelatigable. 
 
 Ant. Effortless. Feeble. Languid. 
 
 Indorse, v. tr. Jn and dor- 
 sum, a hack. To write a signa- 
 ture of approval or confirmation 
 at the back of a document. Used 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Syw. Sanction. Approve. SnbBcrihe 
 Accept. 
 
 Ant. Protest. Repudiate. Cadc^I. ^J> 
 imp, tU;fWttfts«- 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 221 
 
 liJDUBiTABLB, aij. See Doubt 
 and Incontestable. 
 
 Indubious, adj. See Dubious 
 and Doubt. 
 
 Inducb, v. tr. In and dficere, 
 to bring or draw on. Used of 
 natural agency, a power, influ- 
 ence, and also of the exercise of 
 will. 
 
 Syn. Produce. Cause. Prompt. Pcr- 
 Buade. Inst igate. 
 
 Ant. Slave. Prevent. Disincline. Dis- 
 iuade. 
 
 Induction, n. See Induce. 
 Used in the sense of bringing a 
 number of individuals or in- 
 stances together ; to make a class 
 or principle. 
 
 Syn. Collection. Collation. Gathering. 
 Appliciition, as correlative to It 
 
 Ant. Statement. Generalization. Pro- 
 position. Class. Principle. Law. Deduc- 
 tion. Inference. Argumentatioo. Dis- 
 course. 
 
 Indue, v. tr. Induere, to jpid 
 on. See Divert. 
 
 Indulge, v. tr. Indulgcre, from 
 indoles, the nature or temperament. 
 Act. and neut. To grant what is 
 pleasing to another and also to 
 one's self. Used grammatically 
 as governing both persons and 
 objects. 
 
 Syn. Spoil. Pamper. Humour, Gra- 
 tify. Cherish. Bask. Revel. Grovel. 
 
 Ant. Thwart Deny. Contradict. Dis- 
 appoint. Discard. Abjure. Counteract. 
 Renounce. Mortify. Discipline. 
 
 Indulgence, n. See Indulge. 
 Induration, n. In and durus, 
 hard. See Harden. 
 
 Industry, n. Industry. 
 
 Syn. Activity. ToiL Assiduity. Dili- 
 gence. Perseverance. 
 
 Ant. Inactivity. Ease. Indiligence. 
 indolence. 
 
 Inbbbibtt, w. See Ebriety. 
 Iniffablb, In, not, and e/a- 
 'fi'lis. Effari, to speak. 
 
 >'''' loe^resslble Jnconceivftble. lo- 
 
 surpassablo. Indcclarable. ludcscribft\ria 
 Exquisite. Perfect. 
 
 Ant. Common. Trivial. Superficial. 
 Vulgar. Conversational. Colloquial. Ob- 
 vious. Commonplace. 
 
 Ineffably, adv. See Inef- 
 fable. 
 
 Ineffectual, adv. See EflFec- 
 tual. 
 
 Inelastic, adj. See Elastic. 
 
 Inelegant, adj. See Ele- 
 gance. 
 Ineligible, adj. See Eligible. 
 Inept, adj. See Apt. 
 Inequality, n. See Equality. 
 
 Inequitable, adj. See Equi- 
 table. 
 
 Inert, adj. Lat. iim-s. Com p. 
 of in, not, and ars, art. Inca- 
 pable of skilful employment; 
 hence disinclined to employment 
 generally. 
 
 Syn. Indolent. Slothful. I^izy. Slug- 
 gish. Heavy. 
 
 Ant. Active. Energetic. Alert. Brisk. 
 
 Inertness, n. Inertia. See 
 Inert. 
 
 Inestimable, adj. See Esti- 
 mable. It has also the sense of 
 priceless ; that is, 1, not to bo 
 esteemed ; 2, not to be sufficiently 
 estimated. 
 
 Inevitable, adj. In, not, evi- 
 tare, to escape. 
 
 Stn. Unavoidable. Infallible. 
 
 Ant. Avoidable. Uncertain. Indeter. 
 minaie. 
 
 Inexact, adj. See Exact. 
 
 Inexcitable, adj. See Ex- 
 citability. 
 
 Inexcusable, adj. See Ex- 
 cuse. 
 
 Syn. Unmitigated. Uupardonablo. Id- 
 defensible. 
 
 Ant. Mitigable. Palliable. Jastlfi^b;* 
 Vindicabla l>>frnsib!e. Pardonable. 
 
222 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Inexhaustible, adj. See Ex- 
 haust. 
 
 Stn. Incessant. Unwearied. Indefa- 
 tigable. Perennial. Illimitable. 
 Ant. Limited. Scant, Poor. 
 
 Inbxistknob, 71. See Exist- 
 ence. 
 
 Inbxoeablb, adj. In, not, 
 exm-are, to entreat. 
 
 Syn. Merciless. Unrelenting. 
 
 Ant. Lenient. Exorable. Indulgent. 
 Benignant. Clement, 
 
 Inexpedient, adj. See Expe- 
 diency. 
 
 Syn. Undesirable. Inadvisable. Dis- 
 advantageous. 
 
 Ant. Advisable. Profitable. Expedient. 
 
 Inexpensive, adj. See Expen- 
 sive. 
 
 Inexperiekoe, adj. See Ex- 
 perience. 
 
 Syn. Ignorance. Inconversance. Un- 
 familiarity. Strangeness. 
 
 Ant. Experience. Familiarity 
 
 Inexpert, adj. See Expert. 
 Inexpiable, adj. See Expiate. 
 
 Syn. Unatoneable. Unpardonable, 
 Ant. Expiable. Redeemable. Pardon- 
 able. Atoneable. 
 
 Inexplicable, adj. See Ex- 
 plicate. 
 
 Syn. Mysterious. Enigmatical. 
 Ant. Obvious. Plain. Easy. 
 
 Inexpressible, adj. See Ex- 
 press and Indescribable. 
 
 Inexpressive, adj. See Ex- 
 press. 
 
 Syn. Characterless. Blank. 
 
 Ant. Expressive. Telling. Speaking. 
 
 Inextensive, adj. See Ex- 
 tensive. 
 
 Inextension, n. See Exten- 
 sion. 
 
 Inextinguishable, adj. See 
 Extinguish. 
 
 Inextricable, adj. See Ex- 
 tricate. 
 
 Sy». Overwhelming. Irredeeaiable. ]<d- 
 Ul. 
 
 ▲mt. RemediAble Redeemable. 
 
 Infallible, 3dj. See Falli- 
 ble. 
 
 Infamy, w. ln,not,Bndfama^ 
 
 fame. 
 
 Syn, Despair. Degradation. Dishonour. 
 Ant. Honour. Reputation. Celebrity. 
 Glory. Renown. 
 
 Infantile, adj. Infans, an 
 infant ; in, not, and fao-i, to speak. 
 Like an infant or child. 
 
 Stn. Puerile. Childish. Imbecile. 
 Ant. Manly. Mature. Vigorous. Ro- 
 bust. 
 
 Infatuation, n. In and /«- 
 tuus, silly. Fatuous. 
 
 Syn. Fatuity. Hallucination. Madness. 
 Self-deception. 
 
 Ant. Clear-sightedness. Sagacity. Wis- 
 dom. Sanity. Soundness. 
 
 Infeasible, adj. See Feasi- 
 ble. 
 
 Infect, v. tr. See noun. 
 
 Infection, n. Inficere, to in- 
 fect. Jnfectus. 
 
 Stn. Taint. Poison. Contamlnatioa 
 Corruption. Contagion. 
 
 Ant. Purification. Disinfection. Anti- 
 dote. 
 
 Infectious, adj. See Infec- 
 tion. 
 
 Infelicity, n. See Felicity. 
 
 Infer, v. tr. Jr/ferre, to brinfj 
 to. Used in the restricted sense 
 of logical inference. 
 
 Sy-n. Gather. Collect. Deduce. Argue. 
 
 Ant. State. Enunciate. Propound. An- 
 ticipate. Prognosticate. Conjecture. Assume. 
 Guess. 
 
 Inference, n. See Infer. 
 
 Inferiority, n. Inferior, 
 lower. The state of being lower 
 than some other thing or person, 
 station, degree, or amount. 
 
 Stn. Subordination. Minority. Poverty. 
 Mediocrity. Subjection. Servitude. De- 
 pression. 
 
 Ant. Superiority. Majority. Excellenoo, 
 Eminence. .Indeyjendence. Mastery. lte> 
 dilation. Elevation. 
 
 Infernal, adj. Infemm, 
 lower. Belonging to the realxQA 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 223 
 
 below or the character of their 
 hihabitants. See Fiendish. 
 Intketility, n. See Fertile. 
 
 St». Barrenness. Poverty. Sterility. 
 Unproductiveneas. Waste. 
 
 Ant. Richness. Exuberance. Fruitful- 
 licss. Productiveness. 
 
 Infest, v. tr. Lat. infestus, 
 hostile. 
 
 Syn. Trouble. Harass. Teaze. Annoy. 
 Pester. 
 
 Ant. Comfort. Gratify, llegale. Re- 
 fresh. 
 
 Infidelity. See Fidelity. 
 
 Infiltrate, v. tr. and int. See 
 Filter. To pour or sink into the 
 pores of a substance. Used me- 
 taphorically. 
 
 Stn. Instil. Inoculate. Permeate. Sa- 
 turate. Soak. 
 
 Ant. Strain. Draw off. Deflltrate. 
 
 Infinite, adj. In, not, and 
 finis, an end or limit. 
 Syn. See Immeasurable. 
 
 Infinitesimal, adj. See Infi- 
 nite. Used of infinite minute- 
 ness. 
 
 Syn. Inappreciable. Inconspicuous. Mi- 
 imte. Microscopic. Indiscernible. Ato- 
 mic. 
 
 Ant. Enormous. Immeasurable. "Vast. 
 
 Infirm, adj. In, not, and fir- 
 
 mus, strong. Used of the bodily 
 
 constitution, and occasionally of 
 
 weakness in argument or statc- 
 
 ' ment. 
 
 Syn. Weak. Decrepit. Lame. Inforci- 
 ble. Unsound. Failing. 
 
 Ant. Finn. Strong. Sure. Cogent. 
 Forcible. Sound. 
 
 Infirmity, n. See Infirm. 
 Infix, v. tr. See Fix. 
 
 Inflame, v. tr. Injlammare, 
 jlamma, a jiame. 
 
 SiN. Fire. Kindle. Excite. Rouse. Fan. 
 InceD&e. Madden. Infuriate. Exaspe- 
 Tate. 
 
 Ant. Quench. Extinguish. Allay. Cool. 
 t*dfy. Quiet. 
 
 Inflate, V. tr. In and fiare, 
 to blow. 
 
 Stn. Distend. Expand. 
 Ant. Exhaust. Empty. Flattea Squeeze 
 Compress. 
 
 Inflated, adj. See Inflate. 
 Used metaphorically of style of 
 speech. 
 
 Syn Pompous. Turgid. Bombastic 
 Ant. Plain. Unaffected. Simple. 
 
 Inflect, v. tr. Injlectere. See 
 Bend. 
 
 Inflexible, adj. See Flexi- 
 ble. 
 
 Inflexion, n. See Inflect. 
 
 Inflict, v. tr. In and Jlujere, 
 to strike or cast. 
 
 Syn. Impose. Put. 
 
 Akt. Remove. Alleviate, Suspend. 
 Spare. 
 
 Infliction, n. See Inflict. 
 Used also in the sense of 
 
 Syn. Grievance. Trouble. Nuisance. 
 
 Ant. Gratification. Pleasure. Accom- 
 modation. Sparing. Remission. Condona- 
 tion. 
 
 Influence, n. In, on, and 
 jluere, to fl.ow. That which takes 
 effect upon another less palpably 
 than by mechanical action. Used 
 of moral and the subtler physical 
 causes. 
 
 Syn. Effect. ControL Causation. Affec- 
 tion. Impulse. 
 
 Ant. Inefficiency. Ineffectiveness. In- 
 operativeness. Nullity. Neutrality. Inef- 
 licacy. 
 
 Influential, adj. See In- 
 fluence. Used of things and per- 
 sons. 
 
 Syn. Potent. Powerful. Efficacious. 
 Forcible. Persuasive. Controlling. Guid- 
 ing. Considerable. 
 
 Ant. Weak. Ineffective. Inoperative. 
 Uiipersuasive. Inconsiderable. 
 
 Influx, n. From In jluere, to 
 flow in. See Accession. 
 Infold, v. tr. See Enfold. 
 
 Inform, v. tr. Informare, 
 forma, a shape. To give life oi 
 shape to, as ' the informing 
 soul;' lioDce its common acoep- 
 
224 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 lation of imparting knowledge as 
 the life of tho spirit, and finally 
 imparting specific knowledge. 
 Forma, the essence of a thing. 
 
 Sth. Enlighten. Instruct. Edify. Edu- 
 cate. Acquaint. Apprise. 
 
 AST. Misjudge. Misins^truct Mislead. 
 Deceive. Hoodwink. Mystify. Misinfonn. 
 
 Informal, adj. See Formal. 
 
 Information, n. See Inform. 
 
 Infraction, n. Jn/ringere, fo 
 break. Used of laws, rules, and 
 obligations. 
 
 Syn. Violation. Infringement. Break- 
 ing. Disturbance. 
 
 Ant. Observance. Maintenance. Con- 
 servation. Respect. Integrity. 
 
 Infrangible, adj. See Fran- 
 gible. 
 
 Infrequency, n. See Fre- 
 quent. 
 
 Syn. Rarity. Fewness. Paucity. Dearth. 
 Scantiness. 
 
 Ant, Multitude. Aliundance. Fre- 
 quency. Recurrence. 
 
 Infrigidation, n. In and/r/- 
 gldus, frigus, cold. The placing 
 or being placed in a condition 
 of cold. See Incandescence. 
 
 Infringe, v. tr. See Lifrac- 
 tion. 
 
 Infuriatk, v. tr. In and 
 furor, rage. See Inflame. 
 
 Infuse, v. tr. Infundere, fu- 
 sus, to 2'>our in. Used metapho- 
 rically, as to infuse a spirit into 
 a meeting. 
 
 Stn. Steep. Soak. Water. Instil. In- 
 filtrate. Insinuate. 
 
 Ant. Strain. Dry. Drain. Unteach. 
 Retract Divert. 
 
 Ingenious, adj. Ingenium, 
 the genius or natural capacity. 
 Used of cleverness in finding 
 forms of expression or contriv- 
 ance. 
 
 Sxir, SkllfuL Adept. Clever, Inven- 
 tive. Ready. 
 
 AXT. UnskUfuL SU)w UoioveDtive. 
 Jnre447 
 
 Ingenuous, adj. IjbX. I/tgf» 
 nuns, genus. Having the qualitv 
 of honour and candour which 
 befits and was at one time, like 
 many other virtues, assumed to 
 belong peculiarly to high birth. 
 Coinp. Generosity. 
 
 Syn. Noble. Candid. Generous. Frank. 
 Sincere. 
 
 Ant. Moan. Reserved. Sly. Disin- 
 genuous. Insincere. 
 
 Inglorious, adj. See Glorify. 
 
 Syn. Slianieful. Disgraceful. Unre- 
 nowned. 
 Ant. Illustrious. Glorious. Renowned. 
 
 Ingraft, v. tr. See Graft, 
 verb. 
 
 Ingrained, adj. In and gra- 
 num, a seed or grain. Also the 
 internal texture of a substance 
 whicli might be conceived as 
 minutely granulated. See Con- 
 genital. 
 
 Ingratiate, v. tr. In .'aid 
 gratia. In the sense of favour- 
 to place in a state of favour. 
 
 Syn. llecommentl. JnsintMtc. 
 
 Ant. Discommend. Alienate. Kstrange. 
 
 Ingratitude, n. See Gratitude. 
 
 Ingredient, n. Ingredin\ 
 gradus, a step. Stepping or en- 
 tering into a composition. 
 
 Stn. Element. Ingredient. Component. 
 Constituent. 
 
 Ant. Non-ingredient. Refuse, Rest-' 
 duum. Counter-agent. Incongruity. 
 
 Ingress, n. See Ingredient 
 and Egress. 
 
 Ingulp, v. tr. See Gulp. 
 
 IngurgHATB, v. tr. Ingurgi- 
 tare, gurges, a whirlpool. To 
 swallow greedily like a whirl- 
 pool. See Swallow. 
 
 Inhabile, adj. See Ability 
 and Awkward, 
 
 Inhabit, v. tr. and int. Irv 
 hahitare, hahitus, a fixed et'.iti 
 
Synonyms %nd Antonyms. 
 To occupy penna- 
 
 m 
 
 Ofi hnhit 
 nontly. 
 
 riTN. Occupy. Tenant. Colonize. Settle. 
 Akt. Abandon. Forsake. Migrate. 
 
 Inhabitant, n. See Inhabit. 
 
 Syn. Occupant. Tenant. Resident, ^'a- 
 tive. Inmate. 
 
 Ant. Stranger. Traveller, Foreigner. 
 Visitor, intruder. 
 
 Inhale, v. tr, and int. See 
 Exhalation. 
 
 Syn. Inspire. Snuff. Absorb. 
 Ant. Exliale, 
 
 Inharmonious, adj. See Har- 
 monious. 
 
 Inherent, adj. In and hcerere, 
 to stick. 
 
 Syn. Innate. Congenital. Immanent 
 Ingrained. 
 
 Ant. Foreign. Ascititious. .Separable. 
 Temporary. Extraneous. 
 
 Inherit, v. tr. In and Jicpres, 
 edin, an heir. To come in for, 
 as tlie heir, or analogously. 
 
 Syn. Occupy. Possess. Knjoy. 
 
 Ant. Acquire. I'krn. Gain. Squander. 
 Alienate. Dissipate. IBcqueath. Leave. 
 Dtnnise. Devise. 
 
 Inheritance, n. See Inherit. 
 
 Syn. Bequest. Legacy. Heritage. Here- 
 ditament 
 
 Ant. Purchase. Donation. Acquisi- 
 tion. Dissipation. Alienation. Forfeiture. 
 Lapse. Escheatment 
 
 Inheritor, n. See Inherit. 
 
 Syn. Heir. Successor, l^egutee. De- 
 visee. 
 
 Ant. Deviser. Testator. 
 
 Inhesion, n. See Inhere. 
 
 Syn. Introsusception. Innateness. In- 
 herence, indwelling. Ingrainedness. im- 
 manence. 
 
 Ant. Emanence. Emission. li^Jection. 
 Extrusion. Extraction. 
 
 Inhibit, v. tr. Inhihere. To 
 hold in, and so restrain. 
 
 Syn. Prevent Hinder. lYohibit Re- 
 strain . Debar. 
 
 Ant. Urge. Incite. Permit Encourage. 
 Impel. 
 
 Inhospitablb, adj. See Hos- 
 pitable. 
 
 iH.HCMAN, "idj. See Humfln. 
 
 Jnhumi, v. tr. See Exhume. 
 
 Inimical, adj. In, not, and 
 amicus, a friend. See Hostility 
 and Friendly. 
 
 Inimitable, adj. See Imi- 
 tate. 
 
 Syk. Transcendent Matchless. Incom- 
 parable. 
 
 Ant. Ordinary. Mediocre. 
 
 Iniquity, n. In^ not, and 
 ceguitas, from ceqvus, Just. 
 
 Sra. Injustice. Wrong. Evil-doing. 
 Sin. 
 
 Ant. Justice. Integrity. Virtue. Holi- 
 ness. 
 
 Initiate, v. tr. Inltium, inire, 
 an entrance or beginning. Applied, 
 in the sense of commence, to un- 
 dertakings, and inaugurate, to 
 persons. See Commence and 
 Inaugurate. Used in the tech- 
 nical sense of initiate or intro- 
 duce to mysteries or ceremonies. 
 
 Initiated, adj. See Initiate. 
 
 Initiative, n. See Initiate. 
 Used for the first step in a course 
 of action. 
 
 Syn. Start Leadership. Commence- 
 ment. Example. 
 
 Ant. Wake. Rear. Prosecution. Ter- 
 mination. 
 
 Inject, v. tr. See Eject. 
 
 Injudicious, adj. See Judi- 
 cious. 
 Injunction, n. See Enjoin. 
 
 Injure, v. tr. Injuria. In, 
 not, and Jus, right. A wrong or 
 hurt. When things without lifo 
 are said to be injured, they aro 
 regarded as valuables or posses- 
 Bions. The term is often used 
 loosely of persons, as, * he injured 
 (meaning he hurt) ' his hand.' 
 
 Sth. Daniag'*, Wound. Hurt Wrcmg 
 Impair. Maltreat 
 
 AST. Benefit Profit Repair. A(J» 
 vttDce. Advantage. 
 
 Injury, n. Sc' Tnjnro. 
 
226 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 Injustice, n. See Justice. 
 
 Inlet. In and let. Used 
 sometimes in the sense of open- 
 ing or commencement. 
 
 Stn. Opening. Ingress. Commence- 
 ment. 
 
 Ant. Outlet. Egress. Debouchure. 
 
 Inmate. In and Icel. mat'i, 
 equal or companion. See Inha- 
 bitant. 
 
 Innate. In and natus, horn. 
 Born in a person, or so habitual 
 as to seem so. See Congenital. 
 
 Inner, Inmost. In, prep.; 
 comparative and superlative. 
 
 Syn. Interior. Vital. Secret. Close. 
 Ant. Exterior. Outer. Outermost. 
 Open. 
 
 Innocence, n. Innocentia. 
 In, not, and nocere, to hurt. Spe- 
 cific, or generally of character 
 and disposition. 
 
 Syn. Innocuousness, InofFensiveness. 
 Guilclessness. Guiltlessness. Simplicity. 
 Parity. Sinlessness. 
 
 Ant. Hurtfulness. Offensiveness. Guile. 
 Guilt. Contamination. Corruption. Im- 
 purity. Sinfulness. 
 
 Innocent, adj. See Inno- 
 cence. 
 
 Innocuous, adj. See Inno- 
 cent. Used rather of physical, 
 as innocent of moral properties. 
 
 Syn, Jnoffensive. Harmless. Whole- 
 some. 
 
 Ant. Obnoxious. Hurtful. Deleterious. 
 Insidious. 
 
 Innovation, n. In and novus, 
 new. An introduction, commonly 
 implying a want of reason or 
 authority, of something new into 
 a previously existing system. 
 
 Syn. Alteration. Reversal. Novelty. 
 Newfangledness. 
 
 Ant. Conservation. Maintenance. Ar- 
 chaism. Old-fashion. Obsoleteness. 
 
 Innoxious, adj. See Noxious. 
 
 Innumerable, adj. See Num- 
 berless. 
 
 Innutritious, ac^. See Nu- 
 trition. 
 
 Inobservance, n. See Observ- 
 ance. 
 
 Inoculate, v. tr. In and ocu- 
 lus, an eye. Used here for the 
 eye or slit into which the graft 
 is inserted. It is applied both to 
 persons inoculated and the sub- 
 jects of the inoculation. 
 
 Syn. Impregnate. Indoctrinate. Tinge. 
 Insert. Imbue. Instil. Ingrain. Ingraft. 
 
 Ant. Disabuse. Unteach. Prune, Di- 
 vest. 
 
 Inodorous, adj. See Odorous. 
 
 Inoffensive, adj. See Offen- 
 sive. 
 
 Inofficious, adj. See Offi- 
 cious. 
 
 Inoperative, adj. See Opera- 
 tive. 
 
 Inopportune, adj. See Op- 
 portune. 
 
 Inordinate, adj. In, not, aad 
 oi'do, order. 
 
 Syn. Extravagant. Disproportionate. Un- 
 regulated. Exorbitant. 
 
 Ant. Regular. Just, Moderate. 
 
 Inorganic, adj. See Organic. 
 
 Inosculate, v. int. In and 
 osculurn. Used in a neut. and 
 act. sense. 
 
 SvN. Blend. Unite. Intertwine. So- 
 lidify. Anastomose. Intersect. Intcniene- 
 irate. 
 
 Ant, Separate. Diverge. Bifurcate. Dia- 
 imite. Divorce. 
 
 Inquietude, n. See Quiet. 
 
 Inquinate, v. tr. Lat. inqiii- 
 nare. See Contaminate. 
 
 Inquiry, n. In and quoererc^ 
 to seek. 
 
 Syn. Interrogation. Question. Asking 
 Investigation. Search. Examination. 
 
 Ant. Conjecture. Guess. Intuition. Hy 
 potJiesis. Assumption. Supposition. 
 
 I>T0UI8IT0BIAL, adj. See Ifl- 
 
J^nonyms and Antonyrm. 227 
 
 qtlity Having the character of J'.'^JJii"^- ^^"''- 'J^stiscep^We. LTnim- 
 
 arrogant inquisitiveness, 
 
 Syn. Minute. Arbitrary. Over-curious. 
 Scrutinizing. 
 
 Ant. Superficial. Perfunctory. Unin- 
 quisitive. Incurious. Inobservant. Un- 
 Bcrutinizing. 
 
 Inroad, n. In and road. 
 
 Syn. Invasion. Raid. Incursion. Dra- 
 gonnade. Irruption. Trespass. Infringe- 
 ment. 
 
 Ant. Occupation. Settlement. Evacua. 
 tion. Retreat. Sally. Outbreak. Excur- 
 sion. Egress. 
 
 Insalubrity, n. See Salu- 
 brity. 
 
 Insane, adj. In, not, and 
 sanus, sound. See Mad. 
 
 Insanity, n. See Madness. 
 
 Insatiable, adj. See Satisfy. 
 
 Syn. Voracious. Unappeasable. Omni- 
 vorous. Ravenous. 
 
 Ant. Moderate. Delicate. Fastidious. 
 Dainty. Squeamish. 
 
 Inscribe, v. tr. In and scri- 
 here, to write. To write upon. 
 
 Sy-n. Letter. Write. Label. Designate, 
 Delineate. Mark. Imprint. 
 
 Ant. Erase. Efface. Cancel. Oblite* 
 rate. Expunge. 
 
 Inscroll, V. tr. In and scrdl. 
 To write the name or thing on a 
 scroll, or to ornament with scroll- 
 work. Scroll, from Fr. escroler, 
 which from corrotulare, rotidus, 
 a roll. 
 
 Syn. Enlist. Register. Enroll. Pat- 
 tern. Flourish. Record. Calendar. 
 
 Ant. Erase. DisenroU. Cashier. Ex- 
 punge. Obliterate. Efface. Deface. 
 
 Inscrutable, adj. In, not, 
 and scrutari, to investigate. The 
 positive has dropped out of use. 
 
 Syn. Unintelligible. Untraceable. Mys- 
 terious. Unfathomable. Profound. Insolv- 
 able. 
 
 Ant. Obvious. Self-evident. Familiar. 
 Intelligible. Explainable. 
 
 Insecure, adj. See Secure. 
 
 Insensate, adj. In, not, and 
 tensus, feeling vr perception. 
 Snr. Brute. Insensitive. Insensibki 
 
 Ant. Sensitive. Feeling. Quick. Saga- 
 cious. Discriminating. Observing, Acute. 
 Susceptible. Impressible. 
 
 Insensibility, n. See Sensi- 
 bility. 
 
 Insensible, adj. See Sensi- 
 ble. 
 
 Inseparable, adj. See Sepa- 
 rable. 
 
 Insert, v. tr. In and serere, 
 to plant. See Introduce. 
 
 Inside, prep, and adv. In ana 
 
 side. 
 
 Stn. Within. Internally. 
 
 Ant. Without. Outside. Extraneously 
 Externally. 
 
 Insidious, adj. Insidiosus, in- 
 sidiari, to sit or lie in wait. 
 
 Syn. Wily. Treacherous. Designing. 
 Dangerous. 
 
 Ant. Straightforward. Sincere. Un- 
 designlng. Innocuous. 
 
 Insignificant, adj. See Sig- 
 nificant. 
 
 Insincere, adj. See Sincere. 
 
 Insinuate, v. tr. In and 
 sinus, the fold or hosom of a rohe. 
 To insert, as it were, into the 
 bosom. Used both of persona 
 and subjects. 
 
 Stn. Introduce. Insert. Worm. Ingra- 
 tiate. 
 
 Ant. Withdraw. Retract. Alienate. 
 Hixtract. 
 
 Insipid, adj. See Sapid. 
 
 Syn. Tasteless. Vapid. Uninteresting. 
 Characterless. Flavourless. Flat. Insulse, 
 
 Ant. Tasty. Sapid. Relishing. Racy. 
 Interesting. Engaging. 
 
 Insist, v. int. In, on, and 
 sistere, to stand. To stand on a 
 thing as necessary or right. 
 Followed by prep. on. 
 
 Stn. stand. Demand. Maintain. Con- 
 tend. 
 
 Ant. Abandon. Waive. Concede. Yiel* 
 Surrender. Forego, 
 
 Insnare, V. fr. In and snare. 
 u2 
 
22^ 
 
 Stfnonijms and AntonyiM» 
 
 Stk. Intrap. Cajole. Pecoy. Allure, 
 Catch, Inveigle, 
 
 AST, Enlighten. Warn. Deter. Dis- 
 suade. Rescue, Liberate, Release, Extri- 
 cate, 
 
 Insobriety, n. See Sobriety, 
 
 Insolence, n. In, not, and 
 mlere, to he accustomed, solita, 
 customs of society. The arrogance 
 which overrides the customary 
 restraints of society. 
 
 Syn. Arrogance, Assumption, Impu- 
 dence. 
 
 Ant. Deference. Consideration, Polite- 
 ness. Modesty. Bashfulness. 
 
 Insoluble, adj. See Soluble. 
 ' InsolVable, adj. See Solve 
 and Inscrutable, 
 
 Insolvent, adj. In, not, and 
 solvere, to pay. Having not the 
 means of paying his debts. 
 
 SvN. Bankrupt. Ruined. Tenniless. 
 n^ggared. 
 
 Ant. Flusn. Flourishing. Monied. 
 Thriving. 
 
 Inspect, v. tr. Insjpicere, to 
 look into. 
 
 Syn. Scrutinize. Examuie, Investigate. 
 Search. Overhaul. 
 
 Ant. Overlook. Connive. Dismiss. Glance. 
 Misobserve. Misinvestigate. Pretermit. 
 
 Inspector, n. See Inspect. 
 
 Inspiration, n. In and spi- 
 rare, to breathe. That which is 
 breathed into the soul or mind, 
 as it were, by Divine influence. 
 
 Syn. Poesy. Frenzy. Impulse. Reve- 
 lation. Intuition. AfHatus. 
 
 Ant. Study. Elaboration. Learning. 
 Acquirement. Observation. Education. 
 
 Inspire, v. tr. See Inspira- 
 tion. 
 
 Stn. Animate. Inspirit Inflame. Im- 
 bue. Impel. Encourage, 
 
 Ant. Depress. Dispirit Discourage. 
 Deter, 
 
 Inspirit, v. tr. See Inspire. 
 
 Inspissation, n. In and spis- 
 ^us, thick. A thickening of the 
 {■nti tides, especially of liquids. 
 
 Snf. Thickening. Turbidity, lucrassa- 
 lioii. DensiScation. 
 
 Ant. Refining. Straining, Pera>'J»ti<jft 
 Precipitation. Clarification. Tenuity. 
 
 Instability, n. See Stability. 
 
 Instal, v. tr. In and stahu- 
 lum, a fixed standing place ; from 
 stare, to stand. Comp. Stall and 
 Stable. 
 
 Syn. Establish. Institute, Induct In- 
 vest. 
 
 Ant. Deprive. Disinstil. Strip. De- 
 grade. Disinvest. Eject. 
 
 Instalment, n. See Instal. 
 A security by periodical repay- 
 ment. Used in the wider sense 
 of a portion of a larger quantity. 
 
 Syn. First-fruits. Part-payment Drib- 
 let. 
 
 Ant. Payment. Reimbursement. Ac- 
 quittal. Liquidation. Cancelment 
 
 Instance, n. Instantia. Jn 
 and stare. Has the twofold sense 
 of insistence, but in a milder 
 form, and case or circumstance 
 illustrative of a rule or state- 
 ment, 
 
 Stn. Entreaty. Request Prompting, 
 PiTsuasion. Example. Solicitation. Case. 
 Illustration. Exemplification. 
 
 Ant. Dissuasion. Deprecation, Warn- 
 ing. Rule. Statement Principle. Mis- 
 exemplification. 
 
 Instant, n. See Instance. 
 The moment of time present 
 now or at a given period. 
 
 Syn. Moment. Second. Miimte. Twink- 
 ling. Trice. 
 
 Ant. Period. Duration. Cycle. Time. 
 Permanence. Perpetuity. Eternity. 
 
 Instauration, Qi. In and 
 obsolete staurare, to establish. 
 Comp, Store and Eestore. See 
 Establish. 
 
 Instigate, v. tr. Instigare, ic 
 urge on with a goad or spur ^ 
 from Gr. o-riCfip, a-TLyfia. Comp. 
 Stigma. See Urge. 
 
 Instil, v. tr. Instillare, stilla, 
 a drop. To pour or soak drop 
 by drop. 
 
 Stn. Pour. Infuse, Introduce. Iir 
 port Iiupliiut. Insinuate, 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 229 
 
 Airr. JVain. Strain. Extract Eradi- 
 jute. Extirpate. Eliminate. Remove. 
 
 Instihct, n. Imtinguere, to 
 prick in, or impuncture. A sense 
 of practical expedients, as it were, 
 inipunctured in the nature. 
 
 Stn. Prompting. Impulse. Intuition. 
 Inclination. 
 
 Ant. Reason. Reasoning. Abstraction. 
 Deliberation, Experience. Experiment. 
 Elaboration. Judgment. 
 
 Institute, v. tr. Jnstituerc, 
 to institute. Applied to the in- 
 stitution and the person insti- 
 tuted. 
 
 Stn. Found. Establish. Erect. In- 
 vest. Instal. Apiwint. Induct. 
 
 Ant. Disestablish. Subvert. Disinvest. 
 Degrade. Deprive. 
 
 Institutor, n. See Institute. 
 
 Instruct, v. tr. Instruere, 
 structus, to lay a foundation (of 
 knowledge). 
 
 Syn. Enlighten. Educate. Inform. In-, 
 doctrinate. Acquaint. Teach. Edify. w 
 
 Ant. Misinform. Miseducatc. Misin- 
 struct. Misguide. Mislead. Misacquaint. 
 Deceive. Neglect. Barbarize. Brutalize. 
 
 Instruction, n. See Instruct. 
 
 Instructor, ??. See Instruct. 
 
 Instrument, n. See Instruct. 
 That which is employed as the 
 floor, basis, pivot, or hinge of 
 action or proceeding. Applied 
 to things mechanical and legal. 
 
 Syn. Implement. Utensil. Tool. Docu- 
 ment. Deed. Record. Muniment. Means. 
 
 Ant. Misapplication. Counteraction. 
 Counteragent. Neutralizer. Opponent. 
 Biir. Obstruction. Preventive. Stop. 
 
 Instrumentality, n. See In- 
 strument. 
 
 Stn. Agency. Intervention. Medium. 
 Use. Employment. Means. 
 
 Akt. Non-intervention. Spontaneity. 
 Efficacy. Virtue. Property. Quality. 
 Force. Counteragency. Neutralization. 
 
 In SUAVITY, n. See Suavity. 
 
 Insubordinatic, adj. See Sub- 
 ordinate. 
 
 Stn. Resifitent, Recalcitrant. Rebel- 
 lious. Undutiful. Refractory. 
 
 Ant. Submissive. DutifuL Docile. Obe- 
 dient. 
 
 Insubstantial, adj. See Sub- 
 stantial. 
 
 Insubstantiality, n. See Sub- 
 stantial. 
 
 Insufferable, adj. See Suffer. 
 
 Syn. Intolerable. Unpermissible. Un- 
 allowable. 
 
 Ant. Tolerable. Allowable. Endurable. 
 Supportable. 
 
 Insufficient, adj. See SulB- 
 cient. 
 
 Iksulse, adj'. In, not, and 
 salsus, salt — in flavour or in wit 
 See Insipid. 
 
 Insult, v. tr. Tnsilire, suit us, 
 to leap upon in assatdt. Meta- 
 phorically, to trample on a per- 
 son's self-respect. 
 
 Stn. Affront. Outrage. Disbonout 
 Provoke. Mock. Ridicule. 
 
 Ant. Respect. Salute. Honour. Praisa 
 Flatter. Compliment. Gratify. 
 
 Insult, n. See Insult, verb. 
 
 Insuperable, adj. See Supc- 
 rable. 
 
 Insupportable, adj. See Sup- 
 portable. 
 
 Insuppressiblb, adj. See Sup- 
 pressiblc. 
 
 Insure, v. tr. In and sure, 
 from securus, secure. 
 
 Syn. Provide. Stabilitate. Guarantee. 
 Secure. Warrant. 
 
 Ant. Imperil. Jeopardize. Shake. 
 Stake. 
 
 Insurgent, n. In, on or 
 against, and surgere, to rise. Que 
 who rises up in rebellion. 
 
 I Stn. Malcontent. Rebel. Traitor. Mu- 
 
 I tineer. Rioter. 
 
 Ant. Patriot. Adherent. Supporter. 
 Constabulary. Executive. Ruler. Magis- 
 trate. 
 
 Insurmountable, adj, 
 Humonnte^bie, 
 
 See 
 
230 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Insukrbotion, 71. See Insur- 
 gent. 
 
 Sth. Rebellion. Rising. Riot. Anarchy. 
 Tumult. Mutiny. Emeute. I*ronount5e- 
 ment. 
 
 Akt. Law. Peace. Order. Obedience. 
 Government. Submission. Subjection. 
 Servitude. Bondage. Subsidence. Pacifi- 
 cation. Acquiescence. 
 
 Insusceptiblb, adj. See Sus- 
 ceptible. 
 
 Intact, adj. In, not, and 
 iactus, from tangere, touched. 
 
 SvN. Pure. Undeflled. Uncontamlnated. 
 Uncorrupted. Safe. Uninjured. Unhurt. 
 Scatheless. Inviolate. Sacred. 
 
 Ant. Foul. Defiled. Contaminated. 
 Corrupt. Hurt. Injured. Affected. 
 Touched. 
 
 Intangible, adj. See Tangi- 
 ble. 
 
 Integrate, v. tr. Integer, 
 whole. Comp. Entire. To make 
 whole, or into a whole. 
 
 Stn. Sum. Complete. Solidify. Conso- 
 lidate. 
 
 Ant. Disintegrate. Discompound. Ana- 
 lyze. Dismember. Amputate. Disunite. 
 Detach. Remove. 
 
 Integration, n. See Inte- 
 grate. 
 
 Integrity, n. See Integrate. 
 That entireness of character 
 which tends to preserve man's 
 relations to his fellows. 
 
 Syn. Uprightness. Honour. Honesty. 
 Probity. Truthfulness. Candour. Single- 
 mindedness. Conscientiousness. 
 
 Ant. Unfairness. Sleight. Under- 
 handedness. Meanness. Chicanery. Fraud. 
 Duplicity. Roguery. Rascality. 
 
 Integument, n. In and te- 
 gere, to cover. Used of such 
 coverings as are afforded not by 
 art, but nature. 
 
 Syn. Covering. ProtecUon. Envelope. 
 Crust. 
 
 Ant. Nudity. Bareness. Callowness. 
 Abrasion. Exposure. 
 
 Intellect, n. Intellectus, in- 
 telUgere, to understand. 
 
 Syn. Understanding. Miod Reason. 
 Cooscjousness, 
 
 Art. Matter. Mechanism. Organi/*- 
 tlon. Force. Growth. Pr'>pensIon. Pas- 
 sion. 
 
 Intilligencb, n. See Intel- 
 lect. Used in the twofold sense 
 of the faculty of understanding, 
 and that which is submitted to it 
 in the way of tidings. 
 
 Stk. Understanding. Apprehension, 
 Comprehension. Conception. Announce- 
 ment. Report. Rumour. Tidings. News. 
 Information. Publication. 
 
 Ant. Misunderstanding. Misinformation. 
 Misapprehension. Misconception. Stupidity. 
 Dulness. Suppression. Ignorance. Dark- 
 ness. Concealment. Silence. Non-publi- 
 cation. Misguidance. Misintelligence. 
 Mlsreport. 
 
 Intelligible, adj. See Intel- 
 lect. That may be easily under- 
 stood. See Inscrutable. 
 
 Intemperate, adj. See Tem- 
 perate. 
 
 Intend, v. tr. Intendere. To 
 stretch towards an object men- 
 tally, with the purpose of action. 
 See Purpose. 
 
 Intensity, n. See Intend. 
 
 Syn. Tension, Force. Strain. Atten- 
 tion. Eagerness. Ardour. Energy. Con- 
 centration, 
 
 Ant. Laxity. Debility. Relaxation, 
 Languor, Indifference. Coolness. Hebe- 
 tude. Diminution. 
 
 Intent, adj. Used in the 
 sense of intending. See Intend. 
 
 Syn. Eager. Fixed. Bent. 
 
 Ant. Indifferent. Distracted, Diverted. 
 
 Ini-ention, n. See Intend and 
 Purpose. 
 
 Intentional, adj. See In- 
 tend. 
 
 Syn. Purposed. Designed. Deliberate. 
 Ant. Undesigned. Casual. Uninten- 
 tional. Accidental. Fortuitous. 
 
 Inter. In and terra, the earth. 
 Syn. Bury. Inhume, 
 Ant. Exhiune, Disinter. 
 
 Intercede, v. tr. Inter cedere. 
 To go between, for the implied 
 purpose of making some petitior 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 233 
 
 oil behalf of another. To go be- 
 [ tween the stronger and the 
 weaker party. Followed by the 
 prep. for. 
 
 Syn. Mediate. Interpose. Interfere. 
 Advocate. Plead. 
 
 Ant. Abandon. Incriminate. Cliarge. 
 Inculpate. Accuse. 
 
 Intekcept, v. tr. Inter and 
 aipere, to take or catch. To catch 
 a thing or person on a certain 
 course. 
 
 8\N. Arrest. Stop. Catch. Seize. Neu- 
 tralize. 
 
 Ant, Send. Despatch. Forward. De- 
 pute. Commission. Delegate. Exchange. 
 Interchange. Intercommunicate. 
 
 Intercession, n. See Inter- 
 cede. 
 
 Interchange, n. See Change. 
 A giving and taking between two 
 parties. 
 
 Stn. Barter. Reciprocation. Recipro- 
 city. Intercommunication. Correspondence. 
 Intercourse. Mutuality. 
 
 Ant. See Intercept. 
 
 Interchange, v. See noun. 
 
 Intercommunication, n. See 
 Interchange. 
 
 Intercourse, n. Inter, be- 
 tween, and cursus, a course (of 
 dealing). Used of two parties. 
 
 Syn. Correspondence. Dealing. Inter- 
 communication. 
 
 Ant. Reticence. Suspension. Cessation. 
 Disconnection. Interception. Interpella- 
 tion. 
 
 Intercurrence, n. See Inter- 
 course. 
 
 Syy. Intervention. Intmsion. Inter- 
 venience. Interception. 
 
 Ant. Non-intervention. Unobstructed- 
 aess. Non-interception. 
 
 Interdict, v. tr. Inter, dicere, 
 d'ictus. To come authoritatively 
 with prohibition between a party 
 and the thing prohibited. Used 
 actively of things and persons. 
 
 Stn. Prohibit Restrain. Estop. Dis- 
 allow. 
 
 AVX. Concede. Indulge. Grant. Adow 
 
 Interest, hiteresse. To come 
 between, so as to make or show 
 a difference. As in the phrase, 
 ' It makes a great difference to 
 me,' meaning, my interest is 
 much affected. Hence the na- 
 tural feeling about such cases, 
 namely, anxiety or attention. 
 Used technically for the aggre- 
 gation of persons commonly con- 
 cerned, as, * the agricultural inte- 
 rest,' and other technical senses. 
 
 Stn. Concern. Pusiness, Advantage. 
 Profit. Attention. Curiosity. Behalf. 
 Cause. 
 
 Ant. Unconcern. Disconnection. Repu- 
 diation. Disadvantage. Loss. Inattention. 
 Incuriosity. IndilTerence. 
 
 Interfere, v. tr. Inter and 
 ferire, to strike. To strike in be- 
 tween two contending parties to 
 stop them. The word still re- 
 tains the element of opposition, 
 but is sometimes used in no 
 sense of opposition. In these 
 cases there is commonly a quali- 
 fication, as, * he interfered to save 
 him.' 
 
 Syn. ^ee Interpose. 
 
 Interior, adj. Lat. 
 
 Syn. Inside, Inner, 
 Ant, Exterior. Outside. 
 
 Interjacent, adj. Inter and 
 jacere, to he. Lying between. 
 See Intermediate. 
 
 Interject. Inter jicere, to throw 
 between. See Inject. 
 
 Interlace, v. tr. and int. In- 
 ter and lace. Lat. laqueus. 
 
 Stn. Cross, Reticulate, Intertwine. 
 Interweave, 
 
 Ant, Radiate, Diverge, Unravel. Dis- 
 connect, 
 
 Interlocution, n. Inter and 
 loqui, to speak. 
 
 Stn. Interruption, Interpellatio'». 
 
 Ant, Speech. Oration, Flow, Uniii- 
 terruptedness. 
 
 Inteelopkb ^. Inter K^d 
 Dutch loopen, to i-un. 
 
232 
 
 Synonyms aud Antonyms, 
 
 Stk. Intriulor. Sunorminierary. 
 Ant. Member. CoustitucnU 
 
 Intermeddle, v. int. See 
 Meddle. 
 
 Intermediate, adf. Intfr and 
 medius, middle. Coming between. 
 Used physically and metaphy- 
 sically. 
 
 Stn. Intervening. Included. Inter- 
 posed. Middle. Comprised. Moderate. 
 
 AuT. Circumjacent. SurroundinR. En- 
 closing. Embracing. Outside. Extreme. 
 Excluded. Exclusive. 
 
 Interment, n. See Inter. 
 
 Interminable, adj. In, not, 
 and terminus, an end or limit. 
 
 Sin. Unending. Everlasting. Perpe- 
 tual. Endless, infinite. 
 
 Ant. Terminable. Brief. Moderate. 
 Curt. Short. Momentary. 
 
 Intermingle, v. int. See 
 JVIingle. 
 
 Intermission, n. Inter and 
 'mittei^e, to send or place. Pe- 
 riodical delay or cessation. 
 
 Srw. Cessation. Interruption. Discon- 
 linuaiice. Suspension. Recurrence. 
 
 Ant. Continuity. (>)ntinuance. Perma- 
 nence. Pcrpetuiiy. Constancy. Uninter- 
 ruptedness. 
 
 Intermit, v. tr. See Inter- 
 mission. 
 
 SrN. Suspend Relax. Break. Discon- 
 tinue. 
 
 Ant. Continue. Prosecute, Urge. Dis- 
 r«lch. 
 
 Intermix, v. tr. See Mix. 
 
 Intermutation, w. Inter awdi 
 mutare, to change. A mutual 
 variation. 
 
 Stn. Intervariation. Interdiscrepancy. 
 aterreclprocity. Interchange. Mutuality. 
 Ant. Unity. Uniformity. Interresist- 
 ffcee. Interdependence. 
 
 Internal, adj. Lat. internus. 
 
 Stn. Inner. Interior. Inside. 
 Ant. Outer. Exterior. Outside. 
 
 International, adj. Inter 
 JUid natio, a nation. 
 
 St*. Interpolitical. Interdiplomatic. 
 AST. in(1ejM?ndent. N »n-lntervwitlT«. 
 
 Internecine, adj. lutcv and 
 necinuR, nex, necis, death, deadly. 
 Commonly used as an epithet of 
 war, hatred, or hostility. 
 
 Stn. Exterminating. Deadly. Irrecon- 
 cileablc. inextinguishable. 
 
 Ant. Desultory. Incursive. Maraml- 
 ing. Buccaneering. l<>eebooting. Fili- 
 bustering. Skirmishing. Guerilla. 
 
 Interpellation, n. Inter- 
 pcUare, to interi'upt. 
 
 Sr.N. Interlocution. Suspension. Inter- 
 ference. 
 
 Ant. Promotion. Prosecution. Cond»ict 
 Flow. Unintcrruptedness. 
 
 Interpenetration, n. Jnter- 
 penetrare. The mutual penetra- 
 tion of two things. 
 
 Syn. Interingression. Interdigitatiou. 
 Dovetail. Inoculation. 
 
 Ant. Interseparalion. Interrecurrence. 
 Interdivergence. 
 
 Interpolate, v. tr. Inttr 
 and polire, to furbish. 
 
 Syn. Interlard. Interweave. Import. 
 Garble. Gloss, intersperse. Furbish. In- 
 troduce. 
 
 Ant. Expunge. Elide. Erase. Verify. 
 AtUhenticate. Expurgate. 
 
 Interpose, v. tr. and iid. In- 
 ter and ponere, to place. Used as 
 act. and ncut. 
 
 Syn. Introduce. Insert, Intervene. In- 
 terfere, Meddle. 
 
 Ant. Withdraw. Retract, Retire. Re- 
 cede. Remove. Extract. 
 
 Interpret, v. tr. Interpret 
 tari, interpret, an interpreter. 
 
 Syn, Translate, Render, Construe. 
 Explain. Expound. Expone. Represent. 
 Declare. Understand. 
 
 Ant. Misinterpret. Misunderstand. MU 
 take. Misconceive. P'alsify. Distort. Ml* 
 declare. Misrepresent. 
 
 Interpreter, n. See Inter- 
 pret. 
 
 Interrogate, v. tr. Jnterro- 
 gare. See Question. 
 
 Interrupt, v. tr. Inter and 
 rumpere ; ruptus, to break. 
 
 Stn. lireak. Discoimect. Dlscontinae 
 Intersect. DLstarb. 
 
 Axr, Contiime. Prosecute. iixpejUte. 
 
Si/nonpris and Antonyms. 
 
 233 
 
 Inteuskot, v. tr. aud int. Jn- 
 i<'r {ind secure, sect us, to cut. See 
 Interlace. 
 
 Intersperse, v. tr. Inter and 
 spargere, sparsus, to scatter. 
 Stn. Interlard. Powder. Scatter. 
 Ant. Expunge. 
 
 Interstice, n. Inter and stl»- 
 tcre, to stand. 
 
 Syn. Chink. Interval. Cleft. Cranny. 
 Fissure. Gap. Interspace. Crack. 
 
 Ant. Seam. Suture. Stop-gap. 
 
 Intertwine, Inter and twine. 
 Conn, with Two and Twain. See 
 Interlace. 
 
 Interval, n. Inter and val- 
 Ihs, a stake or palisade. A me- 
 diate portion of time or space, 
 or a selected portion. 
 
 SrN. interim. Meantime. Period. Gap. 
 Intermission. Interspace. Ces.sation. 
 
 Ant. Continuity. Simultaneousuess. Un- 
 Interruptedness. 
 
 Intervention. Inter and vc- 
 nire, to come. Used of space, 
 order, and time. 
 
 SvN. Intrusion. Insinuation. Inter- 
 ference. Intercession. Mediation. 
 
 Ant. Continuance. Non-intervention. 
 Uninterruptedness. Non-interference. 
 
 Interview, n. Inter and 
 
 view, from videre, to see. A 
 
 formal meeting between two 
 persons. 
 
 Stn. Colloquy. Confabulation. Con- 
 sultation. Conference. Meeting. 
 
 Ant. Isolation. Independence. Exclu- 
 sion. Avoidance. 
 
 Interweave. Lat. prep, in- 
 ter, and verb to weave. See In- 
 terlace. 
 
 Intestate, adj. Intcstatus. 
 Without a will. Applied to 
 persons and property. In, not, 
 and testari, to make a will, from 
 testis, a loitness. 
 
 Stn. Unwilled. Undevised. Unbe- 
 qneathed. 
 
 Ant. AVilled. Bequeathed. Devised. 
 
 Intestinb, adj. IntestinuSf 
 U'QTU intus^ witliiri, I 
 
 Stn. Interior. Civil Domestic 
 Ant. External. Foreign. inlcnui* 
 tiona< 
 
 Inthrall, v. To keep ic 
 thrall, or bring into thraldom. 
 
 Syn. Confine. Cage. Imprison. Incir- 
 cerate. Intomb. Enslave. 
 
 Ant. Liberate. Release. Disengage. 
 Free. Unfetter. 
 
 Intimate, v. tr. Intimns, in- 
 most. To give, first, confiden- 
 tial, and, secondarily, as now 
 used, ordinary information. 
 
 Syn. Impart. Communicate. Announce. 
 Declare. Tell. 
 
 Ant. Reserve. Repress, Conceal. With- 
 hold. 
 
 Intimate, adj. Intimus, in- 
 most. 
 
 Syn. Close. Familiar. Exact. Nice. 
 Ant. Distant. Unfamiliar. Superficial. 
 
 Intimidate, v. tr. In and 
 timidus, timid or frightened. 
 Especially with some purpose of 
 causing to act, or to deter. 
 
 Stn. Frighten. Alarm. Threaten. 
 Deter. 
 
 Ant. Encourage. Inspirit. Animate. 
 Reassure. 
 
 Intolerable, adj. In, not, 
 and tolerare, to bear. See Insuf- 
 ferable. 
 
 Intolerant, adj. JSee Tole- 
 rant. 
 
 Intomb, v. tr. In and Low 
 Lat. tumba, a tomb. Used lite- 
 rally and metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Inter. Bury. Inhume. lucarce 
 rate. Imprison. Immure. 
 
 Ant. Exhume. Disinter. Disentomb. 
 Liberate. Release. 
 
 Intonation, n. In and tomis, 
 a tone or note. A sound, by use 
 restricted to the voice, though 
 tone is used of musical instru- 
 ments also, which can be re- 
 duced to a musical note. 
 
 Stk. Melody. Accentuation. Reson- 
 ance. Ring. 
 
 Ant. Jar. Jabber. Gabble, Babel 
 Gjbber. Rattle. 
 
 t|fT93^iC4TlP|r, 
 
 In m- 
 
234 
 
 Synon'^ms and Antonyms. 
 
 toxicum, poison. To poison or 
 to aflfect, as by the fames of such 
 herbs, and so impart a sensation 
 of drowsiness, on the one hand, 
 or delicious pleasure, on the 
 other. 
 
 Stn. Poison. Venom. Obfuscation, Be- 
 wilderment.. Delirium. Hallucination. lU- 
 visbment. Fk:stasy. Inebriation. 
 
 Ant. Antidote. Cliirification. Sobriety. 
 Sanity. Kbriety. Melancholy. Depres- 
 sion. 
 
 Intiiactable, adj. See Tract- 
 able. 
 
 iNTRANSiEirr, adj. See Tran- 
 sient. 
 
 Inteknchment, n. In and 
 trench. The word is used for 
 that which is trenched, for tlie 
 purpose of trenching, and also in 
 a peculiar sense for the undue 
 carrying on of the process of 
 trenching, so as to encroach, as 
 it were, on land not your own. 
 
 Sra. J)itch. Dyke. Moat. Circumval- 
 lation. llncroachment. Infringement. Tres- 
 pass. 
 
 Ant. Wall. Rampart. Mound. Mole. 
 Embankment. Glacis. Bastion. Forbear- 
 ance. Deference. Respect. 
 
 Intrepid, adj. In, not, and 
 trepidus, afraid. See Courage. 
 
 Intrioate, adj. See Extri- 
 cate, verb. 
 
 Syn. Complicated. Involved. Mazy. 
 Labyrinthine. Entangled. Tortuous. 
 
 Ant. Simple. Ifnlnvolved. Plain. 
 Direct. Obvious. 
 
 Intrigue, n. See Intricate. 
 
 Snr. Cabal. Plot. Conspiracy. Machi- 
 nation. Artifice. Design. Manoeuvres. 
 Cunning. Duplicity. Trickery. Chi- 
 canery. 
 
 Ant. Insurrection. Rebellion. Con- 
 gress. Assembly. Force. Violence. As- 
 sault. Openness. Candour. Sincerity. 
 Honesty. Probity. Straight-forwardness. 
 
 Intrinsic, adj'. Intrinsecus, 
 intra, ivithin. 
 
 Stn. Native. Iricrent. Innate. Ge- 
 nuine. Immanent, 
 
 Aarr. Extrinsic. Acquired. Adveik 
 titious. Borrowed. Pretended. AscitJ- 
 tious. External. Added Assumed. 
 
 Introduce, v. tr. See Intro- 
 duction. 
 
 Introduction, n. Intro, toiih- 
 in, and ducere, to bring. 
 
 Sin. Induction. Importation. leading. 
 Taking. Presentation. Insertion. Gon>- 
 mencement. Preliminary. Preface. Ini- 
 tiative. Portico. Vestibule. Entrance. 
 Gate. 
 
 Ant. Eduction. Extraction. Exporta- 
 tion. Elimination. Eljection. Encircle- 
 ation. Estrangement. Conclusion. Com- 
 pletion. End. Egress. 
 
 Introductory, adj. See In- 
 troduction. 
 
 Stn. lYefatory. Initiatory. Commenda- 
 tory. Precursory. Preliminary. Prepa- 
 ratory. 
 
 Ant. Completive. Final. Conclusive. 
 Alienative. Supplemental. Terminal, Vale- 
 dictory. 
 
 Introvert. Intro, inwards, 
 and vertere, to turn. To turn the 
 outside inwards. 
 
 Stn. Involve. Invert. Replicate. 
 Ant. Explicate. Evolve. Encircleate. 
 Eliminate. 
 
 Intrude, v. tr. and int. In 
 and trudere, to thrust or tread. 
 See Interpose and Interfere. 
 
 Intrusion, n. See Intrude. 
 
 Intuition, 91. Intuit io, tueri, 
 to look or see. The faculty of di- 
 rectly apprehending, without the 
 medium of any information or 
 learning. 
 
 Syn. Instinct. Apprehension. Recogni- 
 tion. Insiglit. 
 
 Ant. Information. Instruction. Ijcarn- 
 ing. Elaboration. Acquirement. Induc- 
 tion. Experience. 
 
 Intuitive, adj. See Intuition. 
 
 Intumescence, n. In and tu- 
 me^cere, to swell. 
 
 Stn. Swelling. Protuberance. Turges- 
 
 cence. 
 
 Ant. Subsidence, 
 tion. Concavity. 
 
 Evenness. Atteniia- 
 
 Intwine, v. tr. See Intertwine. 
 
JSi/nonyms and Autonyms, 
 
 236 
 
 Stk. Twist. Wreatfn. Plait. Inter- 
 •ce. Braid. Bind. 
 
 Ant. Untwist. Disengage. Untie. Un- 
 lace. Unravel. Unbind. 
 
 Inundate, v. tr. In ani unda, 
 
 wave. 
 
 Syn. Overflow. Submerge. Deluge. 
 Flood. 
 
 Ant. Drain. Reclaim. Dry. Desiccate. 
 Parch. 
 
 Inubbanity, n. See Urba- 
 nity. 
 
 Inure, v. tr. In and urere, to 
 give extreme effects ofhea,t and cold. 
 See Accustom. 
 
 Inusitation, n. See Use. 
 
 Inutility, n. S^ Utility. 
 
 Invade, v. tr. In, mi, and 
 oadere, to go. Used of forcible or 
 rude ingress. 
 
 Syn. Attack. Assault, Encroach. Oc- 
 enpy. 
 
 Ant. Vacate. Abandon. Evacuate. 
 Relinquish. 
 
 Invasion, n. See Invade and 
 Incursion. 
 
 Invective, n. In and vehi, to 
 he carried, expresses being carried 
 along the stream of eloquent 
 abuse. 
 
 Syn. Obloquy. Denunciation. Casti- 
 gatlon. Vituperation. Reprobation. Abuse. 
 
 Ant. Commendation. Encomium. Eulogy. 
 Panegyria Laudation. 
 
 Inveigh, v. int. See Invec- 
 tive. Used with the prejj. 
 against. 
 
 Syn. Denounce. Reprobate. Attack. 
 Vituperate. Abuse. 
 
 Ant. Exculpate. Advocate, Defend. 
 Laud. Eulogize. Panegyrize. 
 
 Inveigle, v. tr. In and Fr. 
 
 avevxile, blind. To lead astray 
 as if blind. See Decoy. 
 
 Invent, v. tr. Invenire, in- 
 ventus, to find out. 
 
 Syn. Discover. Contrive. Imagine. 
 Concoct. Elaborate. Conceive. Design. 
 Devise. Fabricate. Originate. 
 
 Ant. Imitate. Copy. Execute. Re- 
 
 Inventive, adj\ See Invent 
 and Ingenious. 
 
 Inversion, n. In and vertere. 
 Applies to state, relation, and 
 order. 
 
 Syn. Reversal. Deflection. Alteration. 
 Permutation. Violation. Transposition. 
 
 Ant. Verticality. Erectnesa. Stability, 
 Permanence. Persistence. Conservation. 
 Sequence. Fixity. State. Order. 
 
 Invest, v. tr. See Divest. 
 
 Investigate, v. tr. In and 
 vestigium, a footprint. To track 
 closely. See Examine. 
 
 Investiture, n., Investment, 
 n. See Divest. Invest is used in 
 a technical sense when it means, 
 in financial matters, to secure 
 capital, and, in military matters, 
 to lay siege. 
 
 Inveterate, adj. In vete- 
 rascere, to grow old, and so rooted. 
 It is applied both to persons and 
 habits. 
 
 Syn. Confirmed. Ingrained. Incar- 
 nate. 
 
 Ant. Incipient. Undeveloped. Un- 
 formed. 
 
 Invidious, adj. Invidia, envy. 
 Is now used of such proceedings 
 as shall tend to raise a grudge 
 between the persons who are in 
 any way the subjects of the com- 
 parison. 
 
 Syn. Unfair. Gratuitous. Partial. In- 
 considerate. 
 
 Ant. Fair. Impartial. Considerate. Due. 
 Just. 
 
 Invigorate, v. tr. In and 
 
 vigor, oris, strength, vigour. See 
 Enervate. 
 
 Invincible, adf. In, not, and 
 vincere, to conquer. 
 
 Syn. Impregnable. Immoveable. Inex- 
 pugnable. Unsubduable. Irresistible. In- 
 domitable. 
 
 Ant. Weak. Spiritless. Powerless. Funy 
 Effortless. 
 
 Invjolablb, adj\ In, not, and 
 
236 
 
 Synonyms ana Antonyms. 
 
 vt'olure, vis, violence, to violate. 
 That will not yield to force. 
 
 Stn. Impregnable. Invincible. Strict. 
 Imraoveaoie. Unimpeachable. Unalter- 
 able. 
 
 Ant. Alterable. Weak. Frail. 
 
 Inviolate, adj. See Invio- 
 lable. 
 
 ■ Syn. Guarded. Treasured Close. Vir- 
 gin. Intact. 
 
 Ant. Betrayed. Surrendered. Di- 
 vulged. 
 
 Invisible, adj. See Visible. 
 
 Invite, v. tr. InvUare. 
 
 Syn. Ask. Summon. Call. Challenge. 
 Attract. Allure. Tempt. Incite. 
 
 Ant. Forbid. Exclude. Discard. De- 
 precate. Repel. 
 
 Inviting, adj. See Invite. 
 
 Invoke, v. tr. Invocarc. To 
 call to one's presence, observation, 
 or protection. 
 
 Stn. Summon. Call. Imprecate. Con- 
 jure. Invite. Cliallenge. 
 
 Ant. Deprecate. Ignore. Warn. In- 
 bibit. Elude. Defy. Deter. 
 
 Involuntary, cufj. See Vo- 
 luntary. 
 
 Involution. In and vulvere, 
 volutv^, to turn or rdl. See In- 
 trovert. 
 
 Involve, v. tr. See Involu- 
 tion. 
 
 Stn. Implicate! Confound. Mingle. 
 Ant. Separate. Extricate. Disconnect. 
 
 Involved, adj. See Involu- 
 tion. 
 
 Syn. Implicated. Concerned. Compli- 
 cated. Confused. Compromised. 
 
 Ant. Unconnected. Unconcerned. Simple. 
 Lncid. Uncompromiscd. 
 
 Invulnerable, adj. See Vul- 
 nerable. 
 
 Irascible, adj. Irascl, ira, f^ 
 be angry. See Hasty. 
 
 Irate, adj. See Irascible and 
 
 Ibk. n. See above, and Wrath. 
 
 Iridescent, adj. 
 
 Jris, the 
 
 Stn. Prismatic, Opaline. Polychrotn* 
 tous. Nacreous. 
 
 Ant. Achromatic. Blanched. Neutral. 
 Dingy, Colourless. Etiolated. Monochr»>- 
 matic. 
 
 Irk, v. tr. Scotch. To weary 
 
 Stn. Weary. Tire. Tease. Bore. Op. 
 press. Jade. 
 
 Ant. Interest. Rivet. Animate. Ko- 
 frosh. Inspirit. 
 
 Irksome, adj. See Irk and 
 Tedious. 
 
 Irony, 7?. Gr. iipcoveia, an vji' 
 derstatement of truth. In Eng- 
 lish it signifies rather a contra- 
 diction under a mock acquies- 
 cence. The following words are 
 by no means strict synonjms. 
 
 Stn. Satire. Banter. Quiz. Rally. 
 Taunt. 
 
 Ant. Compliment. Seriousness. 
 
 Ironical, adj. See Irony. 
 
 Irradiate, v. tr. In and ra- 
 dius, a ray of light. See Illumi- 
 nate. 
 
 Irrational, adj. See Ra- 
 tional. 
 
 Irreclaimable, adj. Sec llo- 
 claimable. 
 
 Irreconcileable, adj. See 
 Reconcileable. 
 
 Irrecoverable, adj. See lic- 
 coverable. 
 
 Irredeemable, adj. See Eo- 
 deemable. 
 
 Irreducible, adj. See Re- 
 ducible. 
 
 Irrefragable, adj. Sec Ro- 
 fragable. 
 
 Irrefutable, adj. See Re- 
 futable. 
 
 Irregular, adj. See Regular. 
 
 Irrelevant, adj. See Rele- 
 vant. 
 
 ^jili4a?o», n, See Religion. 
 
Synonyma and Antony m^i 
 
 2.17 
 
 Ibremediadi.r, ad'/. See Re- 
 mediable. 
 
 Ikremissiblk, a<Ij. See Ee- 
 missible. 
 
 Irkemoveablk, adj. See Ro- 
 moveable. 
 
 IiiiiEPARABLB, odj. See Repa- 
 rable. 
 
 iRREPI'.ftHENSIBLE, adj. See 
 
 Reprehensible. 
 
 Irrepressible, adj. See Re- 
 pressive. 
 
 Irreproachable, a<IJ. See 
 Rex)roacliable. 
 
 IiiREPJtoVEABLB, adj. See Re- 
 pro vcjable. 
 
 Irresistible, adj. See Re- 
 Bistible. 
 
 Irresolute, adj. See Reso- 
 lute. 
 
 Irrespective, a<fj. See Ro- 
 R]X3etive. 
 
 Irresponsible, adj. See Rc- 
 Rjionsible. 
 
 Irretrievable, adj. See Re- 
 trievable. 
 
 Irreverence, adj. See Re- 
 verence. 
 
 Irreversible, adj. See Re- 
 versible. 
 
 Irrevocable-, adj. See Revo- 
 cable. 
 
 Irrigate, v. tr, Irrigare, to 
 VKiter. 
 
 Syn. Water. AVet Inundate. Sul>- 
 merge. 
 
 Ant. Dry. Drain. Parch. 
 
 Irrigation, n. See Irrigate. 
 
 Ibbitable, adj. Lat. Irri- 
 tare, to excite. See Hasty. 
 
 J rbitant, adj. See Leniative. 
 
 Irritate, v. tr. See Irri- 
 table. 
 
 Stn. Tease. Provoke. Annrtjr 
 Ant. Soothe, Caress. Pacify. Tame 
 Mollify. 
 
 Irritation, n. See Irritate. 
 
 Irruption, n. In and rum-^ 
 pere, ruptua, to burst or break. 
 
 Stn. Incursion. Invasion. Inundation. 
 Inburst. 
 
 Aht. Eruption. Excursion. Sally. Ke» 
 treat. Outburst. 
 
 Isolation, n. Isolare, for w- 
 sulare, to part off on all sides like 
 an island. 
 
 Stn. Segregation. Detachment. Dis- 
 connection. Insularity. Self-containtd- 
 ness. 
 
 Ant. Organization. Co-meinl>er8liip 
 Community. Connection, C<jncatenatioa 
 Contiiuiity. 
 
 Issue, n. A corrnption of the 
 word ex it as, a J'orthconiiriy. It 
 is used in a variety of senses, as — 
 
 Syn. Effect. Outcome. Manifestation. 
 End. Result. Progeny. Posterity. 
 
 Ant. Cause. Operation, Working. I*rin- 
 ciple. Law. System. Action, Influence. 
 Origination, Conmienceinftnt. I'aternity, 
 Ancestry. 
 
 Iteration, n. Iter urn, again. 
 See Repetition. 
 
 Itinerant, adj. Iter, itineris, 
 a Journey. 
 
 Syn. Wandering. Travelling, Ix)como- 
 tive. Roving. Roaming. Journeying, 
 
 Ant, Stationary. J)omestic. Fixed. 
 S*'ttled, Allocated. Local. 
 
 J. 
 
 Jabber, n. and v. Allied to 
 Gibber and Gabble. See Gabble. 
 
 Jade, v. tr. From Prov. Eng. 
 yaud. Scot, yade, a sorry Tuig. 
 
 Syn. Fatigue, 'i'ire. Weary. Oppreai 
 Wear. 
 
 Ant. Refresh. Recruit. Bait. Inr 
 gorate. Inspirit, 
 
 Jangle, n. and v. Old Ff, 
 jangler. 
 
 SxN, Jargon. BiibeL Wrangle Coo 
 tent 'on. Bicliering. 
 I .Vkt. Ariiunitut. Debate, i) 
 
238 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 Jantf, adj. Old Fr. jancer, to 
 Jolt or shake. So jant or Jaunt, 
 an excursion. Others from Oentil. 
 
 SrN. Flighty. Airy. Fantastic. Showy. 
 Flaunting. 
 
 Ant. Staid. Sober. Sedate. Demure. 
 Dignified. 
 
 Jargon, n. Fr. Jargon. Used 
 in the twofold sense of gibberish 
 or unintelligible language, and of 
 the cant of system contemptu- 
 ously treated as unintelligible. 
 
 Syn. Gibberish. Jangle. Slang. Cant. 
 Ant. Speech. Conversation. Literature. 
 Discourse. Oration. Eloquence. 
 
 Jaundiced, adj. Jaundice, 
 from Fr. Jaime, yellow. Meta- 
 phorically used to mean seeing 
 through discoloured media. 
 
 Syn. Biassed. Prejudiced. Warped. 
 Prepossessed. 
 
 Ant. Unbiassed. Unprejudiced. Un- 
 jaundiced. 
 
 Jealous, adj. Is etymolo- 
 gically the same word as zealous, 
 from Gr. ^^Xoy. To be zealous 
 about one's self is often to be 
 jealous of others. 
 
 Stn. Envious. Self-anxlous. Covetous. 
 Invidious. 
 
 Ant. Unenvious. Liberal, Genial. 
 Self-deuylng. Indifferent. Unjealous. 
 
 Jealousy, n. See Jealous. 
 
 Jbbr, v. tr. Old Eng. Means 
 to deride, but with varying de- 
 grees of earnestness ; followed by 
 'prep. at. 
 
 Syn. Sneer. Scoff. Deride. Scout 
 Flout. Mock. Rally. Banter. 
 
 Ant. Flatter. Adulate. Fawn. Cringe. 
 Compliment. Eulogize. / 
 
 Jejune, adj. Lat. Jejunus, 
 hungry. Spare, as from want. 
 Used metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Bare. Scant. Poor. Thin. Weak. 
 Barren. Sterile. Poverty-struck. Bald. 
 
 Ant. Rich. Exuberant. Racy. Abun- 
 dant. Interesting. Overwrought. Redun- 
 dant. 
 
 Jeopardy, n. Fr. Jeu parti, 
 a divided or drawn game, or a 
 game m ^^hich the chances of' 
 
 success were nicely balanced 
 Afterwards, it was confounded 
 withycM perdu, a lost game. 
 Syn. Danger. Peril Hazard. Risk. 
 Ant. Safety. Security. Provision. In- 
 surance. 
 
 Jest, n. Old Eng. Jest and 
 gest, from gestum, a deed. A 
 recital of deeds, or a story accom- 
 panied by illustrative gesture or 
 gesticulation for amusement. 
 Comp. Jester. Hence it cama 
 to signify as follows : — 
 
 Syn. Joke. Raillery. Fun. Sport. 
 Ant. Earnest. Seriousness. Gravity. 
 
 Jingle, n. Formed to ex- 
 press a senseless artificial asso- 
 nance of words. 
 
 Syn. Rhyme. Chime. Tinkle. Tingle. 
 Ant. Euphony. Consonance. Melody. 
 Harmony. 
 
 Jocose, adj. Jocosus, Jocus, a 
 Joke. 
 
 Syn. Humorous. Funny. Jocular. 
 Waggish. 
 
 Ant. Melancholy. Serious. Fyamest, 
 Grave. Lugubrious. Lackadaisical. 
 
 Jocular, adj. See Jocose. 
 Jocund, adj. See Jocose. 
 
 Syn. Merry. Joyous. Jovial. Gay, 
 Gleeful. Blithesome. Careless. 
 
 Ant. Melancholy. Dull. Grave. Mourn- 
 ful. Sorrowful. Darksome. Cheerleus. 
 Woful. Rueful. Doleful. Careworn. 
 
 Join, v. tr. and int. Lat. Jim- 
 gere. 
 
 Syn. Unite. Adhere. Adjoin. Add 
 Couple. Connect. 
 
 Ant. Separate. Disjoin. Subtract. Dis- 
 connect. 
 
 Joint, n. See Join. 
 
 Syn. Articulation. Junction. Flexm* 
 Elbow. Knee. 
 
 Ant. Solution. Disconnection. Dl^Jiuic 
 tion. Uniformity. Continuity. 
 
 Joke, n. Lat. Jocus. See 
 Jest. 
 
 Jolly, adj. Old Fi.Joli. In 
 modern Fr. the word means 
 pretty, and is significant of the 
 combination in the national mind 
 of liveliness with attraction. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 239 
 
 Stlt, Gay. Merry. Joyful. Gladsome. 
 Mirthful. Genial. 
 
 Ant. Sad. Mournful Joyless. Chetr- 
 less. UnmirtMuL Lufjubrious. Morose. 
 Gloomy. 
 
 Jollity, n. See Jolly. 
 
 Jostle, v. tr. Also written 
 justle, fmm Joust, the mochfiyht of 
 the tournament. 
 
 Stn. Husae. Push. Thrust. Jog. Jolt. 
 Incommode. 
 
 Ant. Clear. Lead. Extricate, Convoy. 
 Escort. Precede. Pilot Attend. 
 
 Jot, w. Gr. iota, letter /. 
 Used metaphorically for a very 
 small or insignificant thing or 
 quantity. 
 
 SifN. Tittle. Cipher, Trifle. Rush. 
 Fig. Particle. Atom. Thought, Idea. 
 Scrap. Bit. Morsel. Fraction. 
 
 Ant. Deal. Power. World. Mass. 
 Light. Load. Ocean, 
 
 Jovial. Jupiter, Jove. Of the 
 temper supposed to belong to 
 those born under the planet 
 Jupiter. Comp. Saturnine. 
 
 Syn, Jolly, Genial. Convivial. 
 Ant. Ungenial. Melancholy. Uncon- 
 vivial. Saturnine. Lugubrious. Gloomy. 
 
 Joy, Lat. gaudium, through 
 Fr. joie. 
 
 Syn. Gladness. Pleasure. Delight. 
 Happiness. Exultation. Transport. Feli- 
 city. Ecstasy. Kapture. Bliss. Gaiety. 
 Mirth. Merriment. Festivity. Hilarity. 
 
 Ant. Sorrow. Pain. Trouble. Misery. 
 Melancholy. Grief. Affliction. Tears. 
 Depression. Doypondeucy. Despair. 
 
 Joyful, adj., Joylkss, adj.. 
 Joyous, adj. See Joy. 
 
 Jubilant, adj. Heb. yohd, 
 the blast of a trumpet. Celebra- 
 tion of the year of jubilee, a 
 sabbatical year of every fiftieth 
 anniversary. Seven weeks of 
 seven years making forty-nine, 
 and the fiftieth being the year 
 of jubilee. 
 
 Sth. Joyous. Triumphant Festive. 
 Congratulatory. Exultant* 
 
 AST. Doleful. Mournful. Sorrowful. 
 Wailing. Penitent. PeniteutiaL Lugu- 
 brious. RemorsefuL 
 
 Jubilee, w. See Jubilant. 
 
 Stn. Holiday. Feast. Rejoicing. Mer- 
 riment. Festivity. Revel. Pa^u. Carni- 
 val. High-day. 
 
 Ant. Fast. Humiliation. Mourning. 
 Penitence. Lent 
 
 Judge, n. Judex. A person 
 officially appointed, or selected 
 by agreement, or naturally com- 
 petont, to decide on a given 
 question. 
 
 Syn. Justice. Magistrate. Arbitrator. 
 Umpire. Referee. Critic, Connoisseur, 
 Authority, 
 
 Ant, Criminal, Ignoramus, Tyro, 
 Novice, 
 
 Judgment, n. See Judge. Is 
 used in the senses of the process 
 of judging, the faculty of judging, 
 the faculty of judging rightly, 
 and the result of judging. 
 
 Stn. Decision. Determmation, Adju- 
 dication, Sagacity, .Judiciousness. Pene- 
 tration, Sense, Intellect. Belief. F]sti- 
 mation. Opinion. Sentence, Verdict. 
 
 Ant. Argument. Consideration. Specu- 
 lation. Proposition. Inquiry, Investiga- 
 tion. Pleading. Insagacity. Injudicious- 
 ness. Evidence. Pronunciation, 
 
 Judicious, adj. See Judge. 
 Able to judge rightly concerning 
 the expedient. 
 
 Stn. Wise. Sagacious. Sensible. Prudent 
 Discreet. Well-judged. Well-advised. Polite 
 Expedient. 
 
 Ant. Foolish. Unwise. Silly. Impru 
 dent. Indiscreet. Ill-judged. Ill-advised 
 Impolitic. Inexpedient. Hash. Blind. In 
 jurious 
 
 Juggle, v. fr. and int. Lat, 
 jocidari, to joke or deceive. It has 
 come to express underhanded- 
 ness in word or dealing, and 
 in both act. and neut. senses. 
 The combination of ideas is seen 
 in Juggler, by whom men are 
 both taken in and also amused. 
 
 Syn, Conjure. Cheat. Bamboozle. ShuflSe. 
 Trick. Beguile. Circumvent Swindle. 
 Overreach. Mystify. Mislead. 
 
 Ant. Expose. Detect. Correct En- 
 lighten, Guide. Lead. Undeceive. ?.L> 
 illxisionize. 
 
 Jumble, v. tr. Fr. comliler 
 
240 
 
 Bynont^ms and Ardonyma, 
 
 Lut. cwttiihtre, to throw into con- 
 fused massts or heaps. iSet Ar- 
 range. 
 Junction, n. Junctio, jun- 
 
 gere, to join. 
 
 StN. Joining. Connection. Union. Com- 
 bination. Coalition. Attachment. Fasten- 
 ing. Annexation. 
 
 AKT. Separation. Disconnection. Dis- 
 union. Division, Segregation. Dispersion, 
 Loosening. Unfastening. Uniformity. 
 Continuity. 
 
 Juncture, n. Is used dis- 
 tinctively from Junction to ex- 
 press a peculiar combination of 
 events, or a crisis, tite Con- 
 juncture. 
 
 Junior, culj. Lat. j'nvenis, 
 Jimtor. Younger. 
 
 Syn. Younper. 
 Ant. Senior. Elder. 
 
 Jurisdiction, «. Jus, Juris, 
 riffht or justice, and dicer e, to 
 ■Jeclare. The particular province 
 or locality of a judge, magistrate, 
 or court, or the exercise of his 
 office. 
 
 Stn. Administration. Cognizance. Co- 
 v"inment. Control. Power. J^galization. 
 llagistracy. Sway. Liability. 
 
 Ant. Freeilom. Independence. Kxemp- 
 tioi). Immunity. 
 
 JUBT. Justus. See Jurisdic- 
 tion. Is used of physical adapta- 
 tion as well as of conformity to 
 right between man and man, and 
 of things of thought and argu- 
 ment. 
 
 Syk. E.xact, Fitting. Proportioned. 
 True. Harmonious. Honest. Fair. Rea- 
 sonable. Sound. Honourable. Impartial. 
 I'^qnitable. Upright. Regular. Normal. 
 Orderly. Lawful. 
 
 Ant. Inexact. Misfitted. Dispropor- 
 tioned. Ill-proportioned. Untrue, inhar- 
 monious. Unfair. Unreasonable. Un- 
 sound. Dishonourable. Partial. Unecjuit- 
 abie. Unjust, irregular. Abnormal. Dis- 
 elderly. 
 
 JusTICB, n, Jiistitia, Justus^ 
 fust, 
 
 Snu. Equity, Impartiality. Fairness. 
 KJ^bt Keiisouableutsfc Vrv^rivijf. 
 
 AwT. Injustice, Wong. Partiality 
 Unfairness. Unreasonableness. Unlawful- 
 ness. Inadcquatencss. 
 
 Justification, n. Justus, jvst^ 
 and facere, to make. The mak- 
 ing or proving right or just. It 
 is applied to persons' conduct, 
 opinions, proceedings, and senti- 
 ments. 
 
 Stn, Vindication, Apology. Defence. 
 Advocacy, Maintenance, Plea. Exonera- 
 tion. Excnlpation. 
 
 Ant. Condemnation. Censure, Convic- 
 tion. Protest. Abandonment. Inculpa- 
 (ion. Crimination. Implication. Aggra- 
 vation. 
 
 Justify, v. tr. See Justifica- 
 tion. 
 
 JusTLE, V. tr. See Jostle. 
 
 Juvenile, adj. Lat. juvenis, 
 young. 
 
 Syn. Youthful. Young. Infantine. 
 Boyish. Girlish. Eurly. Immature. Ado- 
 lescent, Pubescent. 
 
 Ant, Mature. Later. Manly. Wo. 
 manly. Elderly. Aged. Senile, Anile, 
 Sui)erannuated. Adult. 
 
 K. 
 
 Keen, adj. Saxon. 
 
 Syn. l*l>ger. Vehement, Sharp. Pierc- 
 ing. I'enetrating. Acnte. 
 
 Ant. indifferent. J^augnid. Blunt. Dull 
 Blind. 
 
 Keep, v. tr. Saxon. 
 
 Syn. Hold. Restrain. Retain. Detaia 
 Guard. Preserve. Suppress. Repress. Con- 
 ceal. Tend. Support. Maintain, Conduct. 
 Continue. Obey. Observe. Haunt. Frequent. 
 Celebrate. 
 
 Ant. Release. Acquit. Liberate. Senrt 
 Dismiss. Betray, Neglect, Divulge. Aban- 
 don. Discard. Intermit. Disobey. Trans- 
 gre.s8. Disregard. Forsake. Desert Ob- 
 liviate. 
 
 Keeper, n. See Keep. 
 
 Keeping, n. Used sometimes 
 in the sense of congruity. See 
 Congruity. 
 
 Kin, n. Old Eng., hennan, to 
 krioiu. Comp. Can, Canny, Know 
 CumiiniT. 
 
fSijnonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 >A\ 
 
 Bth. Vbw Survey. Knowledge. Cog- 
 
 Aht. Oversight. Ignorance. Inob- 
 servance. Inexperience. Jncognizance, In- 
 discemibility. 
 
 Kernel, n. Sax. cymcl, a 
 Utile corn or grain. Used some- 
 times metaphorically. See Core. 
 
 Kick, v. tr. and int. The word 
 is said to be Welsh, and is 
 used both as an act. and ncut. 
 verb, and in a metaphorical 
 sense. 
 
 Snr. Calcitrate. Rebel. Resist. Spurn. 
 Ant. Caress. Soothe. Flatter. Obey. 
 Yield. 
 
 Kill, v. tr. Sax. Same word 
 as Quell. 
 
 Syn. Slay. Murder. Assassinate. De- 
 stroy. Slaughter. Butcher. Immolate. 
 Ahissacre. Despatch. 
 
 Ant. Revivify. Resuscitate. Vivify. 
 Reanimate. 
 
 Kin, n. Saxon. 
 
 Syn. Race. Kindred. Offspring. Kind. 
 Family. Sort. Ilk. Genus. Kidney. Class. 
 Relationship. Consanguinity. Blood. 
 
 Ant. Foreignership. Stran^ership. Dis- 
 connection. Inafflnity. Irrelation. 
 
 Kind, n. See Kin. Add. 
 
 Syn. Style. Cliaracter. Description. De- 
 iignation. Denomination. Genus. Species. 
 Ant. See Kin. Dissimilarity. 
 
 Kind, adj. See Kind, n. Hav- 
 ing such feelings as befit crea- 
 tures belonging to the same 
 nature. 
 
 Syn. Bi'Ticvolent. Benign. Tender. In- 
 dulgent. Humane. Clement. Lenient. 
 
 Ant. Unkind. Harsh. Severe. Cruel. 
 Hiird. Illiberal. 
 
 Kindle, v. tr. Scand. word, 
 allied to Lat. candere, in accen- 
 dere, incendere. Comp. Candes- 
 cent, Candid, Candle. 
 
 Syn. Light. Ignite. Excite. Inflame. 
 Ant. Extinguish. Suppress. Quench. 
 Allay. 
 
 Kindness, n. See Kind. 
 Kindred, n. See Kin. 
 Khave, n. Sax. cnapa, qf- 
 »^ring, Germ, knahe. Was not 
 
 originally a term of reproach. It 
 meant first a boy, then a servant, 
 and lastly, as now, a rogue, 
 
 Syn. Rogue. Cheat. Rascal. Villain, 
 Ant. True-penny. Gentleman. Inrio« 
 cent. Dupe. Simpleton. Gull, Oaf. 
 
 Knavery, n. See Knave. 
 
 Knavish, adj. See Knave. 
 
 Knit, v. tr. Sax. cnytan. Has 
 the twofold sense of Join and 
 Interlace, which see. 
 
 Knot, n. Is really the part, 
 pass, of Knit, and is used in 
 many senses which are analo- 
 gous. 
 
 Syn. Tie. Bond, Intricacy. Difficulty. 
 Perplexity. Cluster, Collection. Band. 
 Group, l^rotuberance. Joint. 
 
 Ant. Loosening. Unfastening. Dissolu- 
 tion, Solution. Explication. Unravelling, 
 Dispersion. Multitude. Crowd. EveHncss. 
 Smoothness. Cavity. Indentation. 
 
 Knotty, adj. See Knot. Used 
 metaphorically and analogously. 
 
 Syn, Tough, Hard, Difficult, Com- 
 plicated. 
 Ant. Plain. Simple. Easy. Obvious. 
 
 Knowing, adj. See Ken. Pos- 
 sessing practical knowledge ot 
 no very high order. 
 
 SxN. Shrewd. Astute. Sharp, Dis- 
 cerning. Acute. Sagacious. Penetrating. 
 
 Ant. Simple. Dull. Innocent. Gullible, 
 Undiscerning, Stolid. Silly, 
 
 Knowledge, See Ken. 
 
 Stw. Apprehension. Comprehension. 
 Recognition. Understanding, Conversame. 
 Experience, Acquaintance. Familiarity. 
 Cognizance. Notice. Information, In- 
 struction. Learning. 
 
 Ant. Misapprehension Inobservance. 
 Incomprehension. Misunderstanding. Mis- 
 conception. Inconversance. Inexperience. 
 Ignorance, Unfamiliarity. Incognizance. 
 Misinformation. Deception. Misinstruction. 
 Uneducatedness. Untutoredaess. Rudeness. 
 Qliterateness. 
 
 L. 
 
 Laborious, adj. Lat. lahor 
 Applied to persons as exhibiting 
 the disposition and productions, 
 
242 
 
 Synonyms and Anfonyms. 
 
 and to operations as indicating 
 the results of labour. 
 
 Stn. Assiduous. Diligent Painstaking. 
 Indefatigable. Arduous. Burdensome, 
 Toilsome. "Wearisome. 
 
 Ant. Idle. Indiligent Lazy. Indo- 
 lent. Easy. Facile. Light. Simple, 
 Feasible. 
 
 Labour, n. See Laborious. 
 
 Stn. Work. Toil. Burden. Drudgery. 
 Exertion. Effort. Industry. 
 
 Ant. Indolence. Ease. Inactivity. 
 Facility. Skill. Eecreation. Rest. Re- 
 freshment. 
 
 Labyrinth. Gr. Xa^vpivQos. 
 Used metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Maze. Complexity. Bewilderment. 
 Involution. 
 
 Ant. Clue. Explication. Elimination. 
 Enucleation. 
 
 Lace, v. tr. Old Eng. las, a 
 lace or tie, often netted or inter- 
 twined. Conn, with laqueus, a net, 
 noose, or snare. See Bind. 
 
 Lacerate. Lat. lacerare, from 
 lacer, torn or mangled. See Tear. 
 
 Laconic, adj. Spartan, from 
 Sparta, in the ancient Laconia. 
 
 Stn. Terse. Curt. Epigrammatic. 
 Ant. Prolix. Wordy. Tedious. Garru- 
 lous. Circumlocutory. Prosy. Loquacious. 
 
 Lack, n. 
 
 hlame, fault. 
 
 Stn. Failure. Scarcity. Deficiency. 
 Want. Need. Demand. 
 
 Ant. Fulness. Abundance. Sufficiency. 
 Satisfaction. Supply. Competence. 
 
 Lack, v. int. See noun. 
 
 Lade. Sax. Ehladan. See 
 Load. 
 
 Laden. See Lade. 
 
 Lading. See Load. 
 
 Lag, v. int. Gael, and Ir. 
 lag, Welsh llag, weak, remiss, 
 slack. 
 
 Syn. Loiier. Linger. Saunter. Dawdle. 
 DaUy. Tarry. ?dle. 
 
 Ant. Pre«, Hasten. Speed. Rush. 
 
 Old Eng. lake. 
 
 Hurry. Stir. 
 
 Laggard, n. 
 Laioal, adj. 
 
 See Lag. 
 Gr. \a6i. 
 
 the 
 
 people. The mass of people, as 
 distinguished from the clergy or 
 the legal profession. 
 
 Stn. Secular. Non-legal. Civil. Tem- 
 poral. 
 
 Ant. Clerical. Legal Ministerial. Ec- 
 clesiastical. Sacerdotal. Priestly. Oiinoni- 
 cal. Spiritual. 
 
 Laitt, n. See Laical. 
 
 Lamb, adj. Sax. lam. Used 
 metaphorically, as, a lame excuse, 
 speech, or production. 
 
 Stn. Weak. Faltering. Hobbling. Hesi- 
 tating. Ineffective. Impotent. 
 
 Ant. Robust. Agile. Potent. Effi- 
 cient. Satisfactory. Cogent. Convincing. 
 Telling. Effective. 
 
 Lament, v. tr. and int. Lai 
 lamentari. 
 
 Stn. Deplore. Mourn. Bewail. Re- 
 gret. 
 
 Ant. Welcome. Hall. 
 
 Land, v. tr. Sax., meaning 
 earth. It is used sometimes 
 metaphorically, as, to land one in 
 a conclusion. 
 
 Stn. Plant. Place. Fix. 
 Aut. Extricate. Remove. Disestablish. 
 Upset. 
 
 Language, n. Lat. lingua, a 
 tongue. 
 
 Stn. Speech. Talk. Conversation. Dia- 
 lect. Discourse. Tongue. Diction. Phrase- 
 ology. Articulation. Accents. 
 
 Ant. Jargon. Jabber. Gibberish. Ba- 
 bel. Gabble. Cry. Whine. Bark. Howl. 
 Roar, &c. Obmutescence. Dumbness. Mute- 
 ness. Inarticulateness. Speechlessness. 
 
 Languid, adj. Lat. languiduSf 
 languere, to languish. 
 
 Stn. Faint. Weary. Feeble. Un- 
 nerved. Unbraced. Pining. Drooping. 
 Enervated. 
 
 Ant. Strong. Healthy. Robust. Vigor- 
 ous. Active. Braced. 
 
 Languish, v. int. See Lan- 
 guid. 
 
 Stk. Pine. Droop. Sink. Faint. Wither, 
 Sigh. Decline. 
 
 Ant. Flourish. Luxuriate. Bloom, 
 Thrive. Prosper. 
 
 Languor, n. See Languid. 
 Lank, adj. Sax. hlanc. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 243 
 
 Sth. Loan. Loose. Slender. Slim. 
 fiocg Lax. Raw-boned. 
 
 AifT. Plump. Short. FuU. Rounded. 
 Crisp. Curled. 
 
 Lapse, n. Lat. lapsus, from 
 labi, to fall or glide. Commonly 
 used in these two senses, as — 
 
 Sin. Gliding. Falling. Flow. Onflow. 
 Flux. Progress. Escheatment. Devolu- 
 tion. Reversion. 
 
 Ant. Stability. Uprightness. Station- 
 ariness. Fixture. Arrestation. Stoppage. 
 Retention. Inheritance. Possession. 
 
 Large, adj. Fr. large, Lat. 
 largus. 
 
 SxN. Big. Bulky. Extensive. Abun- 
 dant. Capacious. Ample. Liberal. Com- 
 prehensive. Enlightened. Catholic. 
 
 Ant. Small. Mean. Narrow. Con- 
 tracted. Circumscribed. Scanty. Illiberal. 
 Niggardly. Bigotted. Petty. Sordid. 
 
 Lash, v. Grerm. lascJie, a 
 latchet of leather. See Bind. It 
 has also the metaphorical sense of 
 censure, or the infliction of casti- 
 gation by words. 
 
 Stn. Censure. Castigata Satirize. 
 Ant. Extol. Compliment. Eulogize. 
 
 Lassitude, n. Lassitudo, 
 lassus, weary. See Languor. 
 
 Last, v. int. Sax. laestan, to 
 IKvform or continue. 
 
 Stn. Continue. Endure. Remain. Hold. 
 Abide. Live. 
 
 Ant, Cease. P'ail. Fade. Fly. Wane. 
 Depart. Disappear. Terminate. 
 
 Last, adj. Sax. Contraction 
 of latest. 
 
 Stn. Latest. Ending. Final. Con- 
 cluding. Hindmost. Past. Extreme. 
 Lowest. Remotest. Ultimate. 
 
 Ant. First. Introductory. Initiatory. 
 Opening. Foremost. Ensuing. Minor. 
 Highest. Next. Nearest. 
 
 Late, adj. Sax. 
 
 Stn. Slow. Tardy. Delayed. Ad- 
 vanced. Deceased. Past. Recent. 
 
 Ant. Early. Present. Existing. Forth- 
 coming. Coming. Future. 
 
 Latent, adj. Lat. latere, to he 
 hid. 
 
 Stn. Invisible. Inapparent. Unobserved. 
 Hidden. Concealed. Undeveloped. Im- 
 plicit. Potential. Inherent. 
 
 Ant. Visible Appa;ent. Manifest. 
 Conspicuous. Exposed. Unconcealed 
 Active. Developed. Explicit. 
 
 Lateral, adj. Lat. latus, erin, 
 the side. 
 
 Stn. Indirect. Oblique. Secondary. 
 Resultant. Collateral. Deviative. Addi- 
 tive. ParalleL Adjunctive. Incidental. 
 
 Ant. Lineal. Direct. Primary. Imme- 
 diate. 
 
 Latter, adj. See Last, for 
 Later, comparative of Late. 
 
 Laud, v. tr. Lat. laudare, 
 laus, to praise. See Praise. 
 
 Laudable. See Laud and 
 Praiseworthy. 
 
 Laudation, n. See Laud and 
 Panegyric. 
 
 Laughable, adj. Laugh from 
 Old Eng. lighe. Conn, with 
 Light. The lighting up of the 
 countenance with gladness or 
 merriment. See Kidiculous. 
 
 Laughter, n. See Laugh- 
 able. 
 
 Stn. Merriment. Glee. Derision. Ridi- 
 cule. Cachinnation. Contempt. 
 
 Ant. Weeping. Tears. Mourning. Sor- 
 row. Admiration. Veneration. Respect. 
 Whimper. Whine. 
 
 Launch, v. act. and neut. Old 
 Fr. lancer. Used metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Propel. HurL Embark. Expa- 
 tiate. Enlarge, 
 
 Ant. Repress. Recall. Ignore. Avoid. 
 
 Lave, v. tr. Lat. lavare. See 
 Wash. 
 
 Lavish, adj. Old Eng. lave 
 to throw out. 
 
 Stn. Profuse. Prodigal. Unsparing 
 Bountiful. Extravagant. Wasteful. 
 
 Ant. Chary. Sparing. Niggardly. Eco- 
 nomical. Dainty. Close. Retentive. 
 
 Lavish, v. See Lavish, adj. 
 
 Stn. Pour. Heap. Squander. Waste. 
 Ant. Husband. Store. Keep. Retaia 
 Accumulate. Hoard. Treasure. Spare. 
 
 Law, n. Sax. lecgan, to lay 
 down. Comp. Statute, from sfa- 
 tuere, to establish Comp. also 
 a'i 
 
214 
 
 bynonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 the phrase 'to lay down the 
 law* It is used in the scien- 
 tific sense of * a directive rule to 
 goodness of operation.' 
 
 Snr. Rule. Edict. Regulation. Com- 
 mand. Order. Decree. Statute. Enact- 
 ment. Mode. Method. Sequence. Prin- 
 ciple. Order. Code. Legislation. Adju- 
 dication. Jurisprudence. Jurisdiction. 
 
 Ant. Misrule. Disorder. Anarchy. 
 Rebellion. Insubordination. Hazard. 
 Chance. Irregularity. Caprice. Accident. 
 Casualty. 
 
 Lawful, adj. See Law. 
 
 Stn. J-^al. Permissible. Right. Or- 
 derly. Allowable. Fair. 
 
 ■ Ant. Illegal. Inpermissible. Unlaw- 
 ful. Wrong. Lawless. Unfair. 
 
 Lawless, adj. See Lawful. 
 
 Stn. Wild. Rebellious. Disorderly. 
 Sava<;e. Marauding. Violent. 
 
 Ant. Peaceful. Loyal. Orderl.y. Civi- 
 lized. Honest. Tractable. Well-disposed. 
 
 Lax, adj. Lat. laxus. Used 
 metaphorically of statements and 
 conduct. 
 
 Stn. Ixwse. Vague. Incoherent. Dis- 
 solute. Licentious. Unprincipled. Re- 
 miss. 
 
 Ant. Concise. Coherent. Compact. 
 Strict. Rigid. Severe. Principled. Con- 
 scientious. Attentive. 
 
 Lay, v. tr. Comp. Law. 
 
 Syn. Place. Establish. Deposit. Allay. 
 Prostrate. Arrange. Dispose. Spread. 
 
 It has other senses, but they 
 are technical or peculiar, as, * to 
 l.'iy a ghost/ a wager, eggs, a 
 tax, an accusation, an assess- 
 ment. 
 
 Ant. Erect. Raise. Lift. Excite. Dis- 
 »rrange. Disorder. Scrape. Abrade. 
 
 Layman, n. See Laical. 
 
 Lazy, adj. Old Eng. See 
 liaborious. 
 
 Lead, v. Sax. loedan. 
 
 Stn. Conduct. Guide. Precede. In- 
 duce. Spend. Pass. Commence. Inau- 
 gurate. Convoy. 
 
 Akt. Misconduct. Mislead. Follow. 
 Dissuade. Abandon. Leave. Misguide. 
 
 Lrad, n. See Lead, verb. 
 
 8y». Priority. Pi e-eminoucc. initio- 
 live. Ouidiiiice. CuatroL 
 
 Aht. Subordlnatioa Inferiority Sai 
 mission. 
 
 Leading, adj. See Lead ana 
 Important. 
 
 League, n. Fr. ligue, Lat. 
 Ugare, to hind. 
 
 Stn. Bond. Combinaticn. Alliance. 
 Compact. Confederacy. Union. 
 
 Ant. Dissolution. Disconnection. Neu- 
 trality. Secession. Disunion. Disruption. 
 Alienation. Divorce. 
 
 Leak, v. neut. Sax. leccan, to 
 wet. See Ooze. 
 
 Lean, v. tr. and int. Sax. 
 Idinian, allied to Lat. cUnare, as 
 seen in inclinare. Comp. Eng. 
 Incline and Gr. kKIvciv. 
 
 Stn. Incline. Rest. Support, Tend. 
 Bend. Depend. Hang. Repose. Confide. 
 
 Ant. Stabilitate. Pirect. Re-erect. 
 Raise. Rise. Straighten. 
 
 Lean, adj. A. S. laene. 
 
 SvN. Meagre. Lank. Tabid. Ema- 
 ciated. Shrivelled. Bony. 
 
 Ant. Fat. Brawny. Plump. Well- 
 conditioned. 
 
 Leaning, n. See Lean, verh. 
 
 Syn. Tendency. Inclination. IVo- 
 clivity. Propensity. Partiality. Bias. 
 Liking. 
 
 Ant. Avoidance. Aversion. Repug- 
 nance. Ijoathing. 
 
 Learn, v. tr. Sax. leomian. 
 Stn. Acquire. Attain, Imbibe. Col- 
 lect. Glean. Understand. Gather. 
 
 Ant. I»se. Forget, 'i'each. Instruct. 
 
 Of old, the word Learn meant 
 also to teach. It is in this sense 
 that the participial adj. Learned 
 is employed. 
 
 Learned, adj. See Learn. 
 
 Stn. Conversant. Read. Erudite. Skilled 
 Scholarly. Literary. 
 
 Ant. Inconversant. Illiterate. Ignorant. 
 Unlearned. Unscholarly. 
 
 Learner, n. See Learn. 
 
 Syn. Tyro. Novice. PupiL Student 
 Scholar. Disciple. Catechumen. 
 
 Ant. Teacher. Master. Professor. 
 Adept. Authority. 
 
 Learning, n. See Learn. 
 
 Sth. Knowledge. Erudition. Litera- 
 ture. Ix)re. Ijctters. Acquirpinonts. AU 
 tAioments. Scholarship. EduciUion. Tul' 
 Uon. 
 
Synommii nnd Antonyms. 
 
 m 
 
 ilr.1. Ignorance. Illiterateness. Boor- 
 ifthness. I^inptiness. Sciolism. Intuition. 
 Kevelatlon. inspiration. 
 
 Least, adj. Superlative of 
 lytel. Littlest. 
 
 Stn. Smalbst. Lowest. Meanest Last. 
 Ant. Greatest. Highest. First. Prin- 
 elpal. Main. 
 
 Leave, v. Sax. Icpfan. Conn, 
 ■with Lat. Iwquere and Gr. Xfineiv. 
 See Abandon and Bequeath. 
 
 Leave, n. Sax. leaf. 
 
 Stn. Liberty. Permission. License, 
 Concession. 
 
 Ant. Restriction. Prohibition. Preven- 
 tion. Inhibition. Refusal 
 
 Legal, adj. Lex, leg is, the 
 law. Belonging to the profes- 
 sion of the law, and permitted 
 by law. See Laical. 
 
 Syn. Legitimate. I^awful. Allowable. 
 Juridical. Constitutional. 
 
 Ant. Illegal. Illegitimate. Unlawful. 
 Unallowable. Lay. Unconstitutional. 
 
 Legible, adj. Legere, to read. 
 Easy to read. 
 
 Syn. Plain. Decipherable. WcU-wrltten. 
 Caligraphic. 
 
 Ant. Obscure. Undecipherable. Ill- 
 written. Illegible. Cabalistic Crypto- 
 graphic. 
 
 Legitimate, adj. See Legal. 
 
 Syn. Allowable. Normal. Fair. Licit. 
 Ant. Illegitimate. Unallowable. Un- 
 fair. Illicit. 
 
 Leisure. Fr. loisir, permission. 
 Conn, with Lat. licere, to he latv- 
 ful or permitted. Permission or 
 opportunity of ease or recrea- 
 tion. 
 
 Stjt. Freedom. Vacation. Opportunity. 
 Convenience. Ease. Quiet. Keiiremeiit. 
 
 Ant. Constraint. Employment. Occu- 
 pation. Distraction. Toil. Labour. Bustle. 
 Basiness. Absorption. Engagement. 
 
 Leisurely, adj. See Leisure. 
 
 Stn. Easy. Deliberate. Sauntering. 
 Ant. Eager. Hurried. Precipitate. 
 Rapid. Expeditious. 
 
 Lend, v. act. Old Eng. To 
 grant, for temporary use. Also 
 to afford, as in the phrase, 'to 
 lend a listening ear.' 
 
 Stn. Advance. Loan. Afford Grant 
 Present, 
 
 Ant. Resume. Retract. Appropriate 
 
 Retain. Withhold. Refuse, 
 
 Lengthy, adj. Sax. lang, Im^g. 
 
 Syn. Dififuse. Prolix. Tedious." Long- 
 drawn. Verbose. 
 
 Ant. Concise. Compendious. Curt. 
 Short. Brief. Laconic. Compact Con- 
 densed. Succinct. 
 
 Lenient, adj. See Lenity and 
 Kind. 
 Lenitive, adj. See Lenity. 
 
 Syn. Palliative. Mitlgative. Soothing. 
 
 Ant. Inflammatory. ExaggeratRe. I^o- 
 vocative. Aggravating. Irritant Exas- 
 perating. 
 
 Lenity, Lat. lenitas, lenis, 
 mild. See Kindness. 
 
 Lentous, adj. Lat. lentus^ 
 'pliable. See Gelatinous. 
 
 Lessen, v. tr. To make less. 
 See Diminish. 
 
 Lesson, n. Legei-e, to read, 
 lectio, a reading. 
 
 Stn. Precept. Warning. Instruction. 
 Lecture. Information. Houiilj'. 
 
 Ant. Misinstruction. Misguidance. Mis> 
 instruction. Misinformation. 
 
 Let, v. Sax. Icetan, to permit. 
 See below. 
 
 Syn. Permit Allow. 
 Ant. Prevent Hinder, 
 
 Let, v. Sax. letian, to hinder. 
 See above. 
 
 Lethal, adj. Lethum, death, 
 Stn. Deadly. Mortal. Fatal. Poisonous. 
 
 Venomous. 
 
 Ant. Invigorative. Remedial. Sanative. 
 
 Wholesome. Restorative. Vivifying. Vital. 
 
 GeniaL 
 
 Lethargy, n. Gr. \rj6rj, ob- 
 livion, and dpyos, idle. Used me- 
 taphorically. 
 
 Stn. Drowsiness. Toipor. Oblivion. 
 Stupor Swoon. Trance. 
 
 Ant. Vigilance. Alertnees. Liveliness. 
 Mindfulness. Wakefulness, Alacrity. Ao 
 tivity. Life. 
 
 Lettered, adj. Litera, a 
 letter. See Learned. 
 Level, n. Sax -cefel, IjaI 
 
246 
 
 Synonyms and AfdonyMS. 
 
 ItbeUcij a water level, from librUy 
 a balance. 
 
 Sth. Plane. Surface. Floor. Equality. 
 Aim. Platform. Ground. Co-ordiuateness. 
 Horizontality. 
 
 Ant. Unevenness. Acclivity. Declivity, 
 inequality. Inco-ordinatenesa. Verticality. 
 
 Level, v. See Level, noun. 
 
 Stn. Plane. Smoothe. Flatten. Equalize. 
 RolL Raze. 
 
 Ant. Roughen. Furrow. Disequalize. 
 Graduate. 
 
 Level, adj. See Level, verb. 
 
 Levigate, v. tr. Lat. levis, 
 light and smooth. 
 
 Syn. Comminute. Triturate. Pulverize. 
 Srnoothe. Polish. Plane. 
 
 Ant. Compound. Amalgamate. Roughen. 
 Batter. Indent. 
 
 Levity. Lat. levitas, levis, 
 light. Used commonly, in an un- 
 favourable sense, of character and 
 demeanour. 
 
 Syn. Lightness. Frivolity. Inconstancy. 
 Ant. Earnestness. Seriousness. Gravity. 
 
 Levy, v. Fr. lever, to raise. 
 Syn. Raise. Impose. Muster. Exact. 
 Ant. Forego. Surrender. Reimburse. 
 Repay. Liquidate. 
 
 Liable, adj. Lat. ligare, to 
 hind. See Amenable. 
 
 Libel, n. Libellus, dim. of 
 liber— famosus understood. A 
 defamatory pamphlet. Also used 
 of defamatory speech. 
 
 Syn. Defamation. Detraction. Traduce- 
 ment. Calumny. Slander. 
 
 Ant. Retractation. Vindication. Apology. 
 Eulogy. Panegyric. Puff. Advocacy. En- 
 f "jnium. 
 
 Libellous, adj. See Libel. 
 
 Liberal, adj. Liberalis, from 
 liber, free. A person of free birth, 
 manners, and education. Hence 
 the character of such. Applied 
 also to things liberally, i.e., freely 
 forthcoming. 
 
 Stn. Free. Gentle. Refined. Polished. 
 • tenerous. Bountiful. Catholic, Enlarged. 
 Copious. Ample. Profuse. Large. Hand- 
 tome. Munificent. Abundant. 
 
 Ant. Churlish. lx)W. Mean. Boorish. 
 Ungenerous. Illiberal. Niggardly. Grasp- 
 
 ing. Avaricious. Greedy. vAainftil Htcf 
 row-minded. Bigoted. Prejudiced. Con' 
 tracted. Scanty. Inadequate. 
 
 Liberate, v. tr. See Liberal 
 and Confine. 
 
 Libertine, n. Lihertinus, a 
 f reed-man. The word is used ot 
 those who free themselves from 
 wholesome restraint. 
 
 Syn. Rake. Debauchee. 
 Ant. Ascetic. Anchorite. BedUM. 
 Hermit. Puritan. Saint. 
 
 Liberty, n. Lat. libertas, liber, 
 free. 
 
 Syn. Freedom. Independence. Permia- 
 sion. License. Privilege. Franchise. Im- 
 munity. Insult. Impropriety. Volition. 
 Voluntariness. 
 
 Other senses are technical, as, 
 ' the liberty of a town,' &c. 
 
 Ant. Slavery. Servitude. Restraint. 
 Constraint. Submission. Dependence. Ob- 
 ligation. Compulsion. Deference. Respect. 
 Considerateness. Necessity. Fatality. Pre- 
 destination. 
 
 Librate, act. and neuf. Libra, 
 a scale. To balance. See Balance. 
 
 License, n. Lat. licentia, 
 licere, to be permitted. Has much 
 the same senses as liberty, with a 
 stronger leaning to the sense of 
 the abuse of freedom. See Li- 
 berty and Dispensation. 
 
 LiCi'v.r'SE, v. See noun. 
 
 Sviv. j*erm.it. Allow, Indulge. 
 
 Ant. Restrain. Disallow. Vv'^lthhold. 
 Forbid. Prohibit. 
 
 Licentious, adj. See License, 
 noun. 
 
 Syn. Voluptuous. Dissolute. Rakish. 
 Debauched. Self-indulgent. 
 
 Ant. Temperate. Strict. Sober. Self- 
 controlled. Ascetic. Self-denying. Rigid. 
 
 Licit, adj. Lat. licitus. 
 
 Syn. Lawfui. Legal. Allowable. p:quitable. 
 Ant, Illegal, Illicit, Unfair, 
 
 Lie, n. Sax. lyge. 
 
 Syn, Falsehood, Untruth, Fabrlcatiua 
 Subterfuge. Evasion, 
 
 Ant, Truth, Fact. Veracity. 
 
 Lib, v. int. Sax. lieqan. 
 Sth, Rest. Repose. Be. 'Bemain. 
 AWT, Rise, Move, Stir. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 247 
 
 Lief, adv. and adj. Old Eng. 
 le/e, dear. Comp. Love. 
 
 Stm. Gladly, Willingly. Keadily. 
 AJdT. Slowly. Unwillingly. Reluctantly. 
 I J*tb- 
 
 • Life, n. Sax. Uf. 
 
 Stn. Vitality. Duration. Existence. 
 Condition. Conduct. Animation. Viva- 
 city. Personality. State. Society. Morals. 
 
 Ant. Mortality. Decease. Death. Non- 
 existence. Dulness. Torpor. Portraiture. 
 lA^hargy. Lifelessness. 
 
 Lifeless, adj. See Life and 
 Dead. 
 
 Lift, v. tr. Germ, luften, to 
 raise into the luft or air. Comp. 
 Aloft and Lofty. 
 
 Stn. Raise. Elevate. Upraise. Up- 
 Dcave. Exalt 
 
 Ant. Ijower. Sink. Depress. Crush. 
 Overwhelm. Degrade. Dash. Cast. Hurl. 
 
 Ligament, n. Ligamentum, 
 from licjare, to hind. 
 
 SxN. Bond. Band. Bandage. Ligature. 
 IJrace. Strap. Girth. 
 
 The difference between Liga- 
 ment and Ligature is, that the 
 former is generally applied to 
 natural, the latter to artificial 
 bands. 
 
 Ant. Divulslon. Discerption. Discon- 
 nection. Fracture. Dislocation. Severance. 
 Laceration. Splinter. Breach. Disband- 
 menL Shield. Fender. Disconnecter. 
 
 Light, n. Sax. leoht, conn, 
 with lux. Used analogously and 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Luminosity. Radiance. Beam. 
 Gleam. Phosphorescence. Scintillation. 
 Coruscation. Flash. Brightness. Bril- 
 liancy. Effulgence. Blaze. Splendour. 
 Candle. Lamp. Lantern. Explanation. 
 Instruction. Illumination. Understanding. 
 Interpretation. Day. Life. 
 
 Ant. Darliness. Dimness. Obscurity. 
 Shade. Duskiness. Gloom. Extinction. 
 Misinterpretation. Ignorance. Misunder- 
 standing. Night. Death. Confusion. Mys- 
 tiiiciition. Tenebrosity. 
 
 Light, adj. Sax. Wit. Conn, 
 with Lat. levis. It is used in 
 several analogous and metapho- 
 rical senses. 
 
 Snr Imponderoua. Unweigh^y. Port- 
 ' tkK Baojrant. Volatile. Eiisy. DigeeU- 
 
 ble. Scanty. Active. Unencnmbered 
 
 Empty. Slight. Trifling. Gentle. Un- 
 steady. Capricious. Vain. Frivolous. 
 Characterless. Thoughtless. UnthoughtftaL 
 Unconsidered. Inadequate. Incompact 
 
 Ant. Heavy. Ponderous. AVeighty. 
 Immoveable. Leaden. Solid. Hard. In- 
 digestible. Full. Lazy. Encumbered. Bur- 
 dened. Oppressed. Weighed. Loaded. 
 Laden. Ballasted. Grave. Serious. Im- 
 portant. Violent. Steady. Finn. Prin- 
 cipled. Cantious. Reflective. Reliable. 
 Sensible. Earnest. Thoughtful. Well- 
 considered. Well-weighed. Adequate, Stlft, 
 Compact, 
 
 Lightsome, adj. See Light, 
 noun, and Cheerful. 
 
 Like, adj. Sax. lie, gelic. 
 Used also as a prep. When the 
 adj. is used separately after the 
 verl), the form is ' alike.' 
 
 Syn. Equal. Correspondent. Similar 
 Resembling. 
 
 Ant. Unequal. Different. Disshnilar. 
 
 Like, v. tr. Sax. lician. 
 
 Syn, Love. Approve. Eiyoy. Relish. 
 Affect. 
 
 Ant. Hate. Dislike. Loathe. Mislike. 
 Detest. Abhor. Abominate. 
 
 Likely. See Like. Probable ; 
 like causes producing like effects. 
 See Probable. 
 
 Likelihood. See Likely and 
 Probability. 
 Likeness. See Like. 
 
 Syn. Similarity. Resemblance. Corre- 
 spondence. Similitude. Parity. Copy, 
 Imitation, Portrait, 
 
 Ant. Dissimilarity. Dissimilitude. Dis- 
 parity, Inequality. Uulikeness, Original 
 
 Likewise. Li like ways. 
 
 Syn, So, Also. 
 
 Ant. Nor. Otherwise. 
 
 Liking, n. See Like. 
 
 Syn. Love. Approval. Relish. Affec- 
 tion. Taste. Inclination. Partiality. Fond- 
 ness. 
 
 Ant. Hatred. Dislike. Disrelish. Aver- 
 sion. Repugnance. Loathing. Disinclina- 
 tion, Abhorrence, 
 
 Limit, n. Limes, itis. See 
 Bound. 
 Limitless, adj. See Limit and 
 
248 
 
 SynonyiM and Anionijms, 
 
 Limpid. Lat. Umpidus, dear, 
 from Gr. Xdfnreiv, to shine. 
 
 Syv. Transparent. Translucent. Crya- 
 ialline. 
 
 Ant. Opaque. Turbid. Luteous. Muddy. 
 Foul. 
 
 Line, n. Lat. Unea. Used 
 analogously. 
 
 Sy». Cord. Thread. Length. Outline. 
 Row. Direction. Verse. Course. Method. 
 Succession. Sequence. Continuity. 
 
 Ant. Breadth. Contents. Space. Di- 
 vergency. Deviation. Fluctuation. Varia- 
 tion. Interruption. Discontinuance. So- 
 lution. 
 
 Lineage. oi. See Lino. 
 
 Syn. Descent Family. House. 
 Ant. Ancestor, Founder, Source, 
 Origin, 
 
 Lineament, n. See Line. 
 
 Syn. Line. Feature. Marie. Form. 
 IVofile. 
 
 Ant. Face. Countenance. Visage. As- 
 pect. 
 
 Linear. See Line. 
 
 Syn. IMrect. Straight. Kectilinear. 
 Ant. Incurved. Divergent Collateral. 
 Lateral. Curvilinear. Zigzag. 
 
 Linger, v. int. Sax. lengra, 
 comparative of lang, long. To re- 
 main longer than right or usual. 
 
 Syn. Tarry. Loiter. Lag. Saunter. 
 Ant. ILtste. Speed. Press. Push. 
 
 Link, n. Germ, lenken, to 
 hind. See Connection. 
 
 Liquefaction, n. Liquere, to 
 he liquid, and facere, to make. 
 See Melt. 
 
 LiQUESCENCE, ??., LIQUESCENT, 
 ad/j. Liquescere, from liquere, to 
 grov) or hecome liquid. See Melt. 
 
 Liquid, adj. Lat. liquidus. 
 Used analogously, as, 'liquid 
 sounds.' 
 
 Syn. Fluid. Liquescent. Melting. Run- 
 ning. "Watery. Fluent. Soft. Melli- 
 fluous. J.impid. 
 
 Ant. Solid. Solidified. Concrete. Con- 
 gealed. Hard. Dry. Indissolvable, In- 
 soluble, Harsh. Discoidant 
 
 TiiQUiDATE, V. tr. See Liquid 
 and Pay. 
 
 Listen, v. int. Sax. hlystan^ 
 followed by prep, to 
 
 Syn. Hear. Attend. Hearken. la. 
 cline. 
 
 Ant. Disregard. Ignore. Refuse. Rcpa. 
 diate. 
 
 Listless, adj. Sax. lisfan, 
 iustan, conn, with lust, to lean 
 or incline to. Having no incli- 
 nation or interest. 
 
 Syn. Indifferent. Careless. Uninterested. 
 Vacant. Languid. Indolent Supine. 
 Lackadaisical. Torpid. 
 
 Ant. p]ager. Interested. Curious. Ar- 
 dent Attentive. Absorbed. Active. En- 
 gaged. Earnest. 
 
 Literal, adj. Litera, a letter. 
 According to the letter. 
 
 Syn. Exact Grammatical. VerbaL 
 Close. 
 
 Ant. General. Substantial. Metaphori- 
 cal. Free. Spiritual. 
 
 Literary, adj. See Literal. 
 
 Syn. Enidite. Scholarly. Studious. 
 Ant. Illiterate. Unscholarly. Unstu- 
 dious. 
 
 Literature, n. See Literal. 
 Learning, or a certain portion of 
 general learning. 
 
 Syn. Lore. Erudition. Reading. Study 
 Learning. Attainment 
 
 Ant. Genius. Intuition. Inspiration. 
 
 Lithe, adj. Sax. lindhe, tender, 
 mild, gentle. Persuadable, flexible. 
 Transferred from the moral to 
 the physical. 
 
 Syn. Pliant Flexible. Limber. Supple. 
 Elastic. Agile. Pliable. 
 
 Ant. Tough. Inflexible. StifF. ]n. 
 elastic. 
 
 Litigious, adj. Lis, litis, a 
 lawsuit. Fond of going to law, 
 or, generally, quarrelsome. 
 
 Syn. Quarrelsome. Disputatious. Con- 
 tentious. 
 
 Ant. Complacent Contented. Ac- 
 quiescent. Genial. Facile. 
 
 Litter, v. tr. Fr. litiere, from 
 lectus, a couch. A portable couch. 
 Then a bed made up for cattle, 
 and their being brought to Ix'd 
 of young, as, ' a litter of whel{:« 
 
Synonyms and Anionyim. 
 
 219 
 
 From the straw bed of cattle the 
 word derives the following mean- 
 ings :— 
 
 Sjtn, Scatter. Mislay. Discompose. 
 Disorder. Derange. 
 
 Ant. Clear. Clean. Order. Lay, Ar- 
 range, Methodize. 
 
 Little, adj. Sax. lytle, small. 
 
 Syn. Small, Tiny. Pigmy. Diminu- 
 tive. Short, Brief. Scanty. Unimpor- 
 tant. Insignificant. Slight. Weak. In- 
 considerable. Trivial. Illiberal. Mean. 
 Petty. Paltry, Dirty. Shabby. 
 
 Ant. Big, Bulliy. I.arge. Enormous. 
 Huge. Monstrous, Full-sized. Developed. 
 Long. Full. Much, Important, Grave, 
 Serious. Momentous. Tjiberal. Generous. 
 Noble, High-minded. Handsome. 
 
 Live, v. Sax. libhan, lijia7i. 
 
 Syn. Vegetate, Grow. Survive. Con- 
 tinue. Abide, Dwell. Last. Subsist, 
 Behave. Act. Breathe. 
 
 Ant, Die. Perish, Wither, Demise. 
 Migrate, Vanish. Fade. Fail, I>anguish. 
 Depart. Drop, Decease. 
 
 Live, adj. See Live, verh. 
 
 Syn. Animate. 
 
 Ant. Inanimate, Defunct. 
 
 Livelihood, n. See Live. 
 
 Syn. Maintenance. Support, Living. 
 Ant, Privation, Starvation, Want, 
 Beggary. Inanition. 
 
 Lively, adj. See Live. 
 
 Syn, Brisk. Animated. Keen, Eager, 
 Blithe, Alert, 
 
 Ant, Lifeless, Torpid. Dull. Indif- 
 ferent. Listless. Inanimate. Insensate. 
 
 Livery, n. Fr. livrer, to de- 
 liver. A gift of a suit from the 
 master to his retainers. 
 
 Syn. Uniform. Garb. Badge. Depend- 
 ence. Servitude. Ketainership. lletinue. 
 Subservience. 
 
 Ant, Freedom, Immunity. Insubser- 
 vience. 
 
 Living, adj. See Live, adj. 
 Living, n. See Livelihood. 
 Load, n. Sax. hlad. 
 
 Syn, Burden, Weight leading. Cargo. 
 Oppression, Incubus. Drag. 
 
 Ant, Refreshment Support. Solace, 
 Alleviation, Emptiness. Lightness, 
 
 Load, v. See Load, noun. 
 
 Stn. Burden. Charge. Lade. Cargo. 
 Caial«i. Qpoross 
 
 Aht. Disburden, Unload, Unlade. Dis- 
 encumber. Lighten. Alleviate. Relieve 
 
 Loan, n. Sax. Icenan. 
 
 SiK. Advance. Mortgage, Hypotheca- 
 tion. 
 
 Ant. Recall, llesumption. Foreclosure. 
 
 Loathe, v. tr. Sax. Iddhian, 
 to hate. See Abominate. 
 
 Loathsome, adj. See Loathe 
 and Abominable. 
 
 Locality, n. Locus, a 2'^cice. 
 See Place. 
 
 Locate, v. tr. See Locality. 
 
 Syn. Place. EsUblish. Fix. Settle. 
 Dispose. Lodge. 
 
 Ant. Displace. Disestablish. Remove 
 Dislodge, 
 
 Location, n. See Locality 
 and Situation. 
 
 Locomotion,??, locus, a place, 
 and movere, to move. The move- 
 ment from place to place. 
 
 Syn, Movement. Travel. Migration. 
 
 Ant, Stationariness. Stxippage. Abode. 
 Rest, liemanence. Fi.xture. 
 
 Locomotive, adj. See Loco- 
 motion. 
 
 Syn. Migratory. 
 Ant, Stationary. 
 
 Lodge, v. tr. Germ, laid^e, 
 foliage. Arbour. See Locate. 
 
 Lofty, adj. Germ, luft, the 
 air. 
 
 Syn, Elevated. Towering, High, Dig- 
 nified. Eminent, Stately, Haughty. Ma- 
 jestic. Airy. 
 
 Ant, Depressed, Low. Stunted. Un- 
 dignified. Ordinary, Unstately. Mean. 
 Unimposing. Unassuming. Affable. 
 
 Logical, adj. Gr. XoyiKr,, the 
 
 art of logic. 
 
 Syn. Close. Argumentative. Sound. 
 
 Ant. Inconclusive. Illogical. )tA\\tf 
 cious. 
 
 Logomachy, n. Gr. \6yns, a 
 word, and iiu-xHy kittle. A war 
 of words. 
 
 Syn. Wrangle. Strife. Contention. Dfr 
 bate. 
 
 Ant. Chat. Colloquy CoaverMtlc? 
 ; Confabnlatioo. 
 
2.% 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 LoiTiB, V. int. Dan. leutereriy 
 to delay. See Lag. 
 
 Loll, v. int. Icel. Mia, to be 
 lazy. 
 
 Syn. ^unge. Recline. 
 Ant. Rise. Stir. 
 
 Lonely, adj. See Lonesome. 
 Lonesome. Lone, abbrevation 
 from Alone. 
 
 Syn. Forlorn. Dreary. Forsaken. Wild. 
 Solitary. 
 
 Ant. Cheerful. Befriended. Frequented, 
 Populous. Festive. Gay. Animated. 
 Bustling. 
 
 Long, adj. Sax. lang, Lat. 
 
 l07l(fUS. 
 
 Syn. Protracted. Produced. Dilatory. 
 Lengthy. Tedious. Prolix. Diffuse. Far- 
 reaching. Extensive. 
 
 Ant. Short. Curt. Curtailed. Brief. 
 Speedy, Quick. Concise. Condensed. 
 
 ^ Longing, w. From i;er& to long, 
 or long for, or stretch the mind 
 • after. 
 
 Stn. Eagerness. J^esire. Craving, As- 
 piration, Yearning. \ 
 
 Ant. Indifference. Repugnance. Aversion. 
 
 Look, v. act. and neut. Sax. 
 
 locian. Used as act. with the 
 
 ._^ prep, at, and as neut. with hke, &c. 
 
 ^ Syk, See. Behold. Contemplate. Ob- 
 
 serve. Seem. Appear, Face. 
 
 Ant. Overlook. Miss. Misobserve. Mis- 
 beseem. Lurk. Smoulder. 
 
 Loom, v. int. Sax. leomian, to 
 shine. To appear indistinctly in 
 an uncertain light. 
 
 Syn. Glimmer. Lower. Gloam. 
 Ant. Dwindle. Pale. Recede. Fade. 
 Vanish. Disappear. 
 
 Loose, v. Sax. lesan, lysan. 
 See Tie. 
 
 Loose, adj. See Loose, v. 
 Used physically and morally. 
 
 Stn. Unbound. Detached. Flowing. 
 Scattered. Sparse. Incompact. Vague. 
 Inexact. Rambling. Dissolute. Licen- 
 tious. 
 
 Ant. Bound. Tied. Fastened. Tight. 
 Mjored. /..ashed. Secured. Thick. Dense. 
 Compact. Pointed. Accurate. Exact Con- 
 •ecutlve. Close. Strict iA)^k&L Scien- 
 tiOc. Conscientioai 
 
 Lop, V. tr. Prov. Germ. 
 
 luppen, to cut. 
 
 Stn. Prune. CurtaU. Shorten. Re- 
 trench. Amputate. Truncate. 
 
 Ant. Grow. Trail. Train. Elongate. 
 Lead. 
 
 Loquacity, n. Loqunx, hqui, 
 to speak, talkative. See Taci- 
 turnity. 
 
 Lordly, adj'. Lord. Sax. 
 hlaford, a bread-keeper, a master 
 and distributor of the grain or loaf. 
 
 Syn. Lofty. Magnificent. Noble. Ma- 
 jestic. Proud. Imperious, 
 
 Ant, Mean. Beggarly, Ignoble. Un- 
 imposing. Humble, Servile. Lowly. 
 
 Lordship, n. See Lord. 
 
 Stn. Rule. Dominion. Jurisdiction, 
 Ant. Homage, Subjection. Subser- 
 vience. 
 
 Lore, n. Sax. loeran, to teach. 
 See Learning and Tradition. 
 
 Lose, v. tr. Sax. leosan, to part 
 with involuntarily. 
 
 Syn, Miss. Drop. Mislay. Forfeit 
 Ant. Keep. Retain. Find. Recover. 
 Locate. Earn. Guard. Treasure. Econo- 
 mize. Utilize. Preserve. Abandon. Dis- 
 card. Reject. 
 
 Loss, n. See Lose. 
 
 Syn. Mislaying, Dropping, Missing. 
 Forfeiture. Privation. Waste. Detriment 
 Damage. 
 
 Ant. Preservation. Recovery. Earn- 
 ing. Satisfaction. Restoration. Economy. 
 Augmentation. Advantage. Gain. 
 
 Lot, n. Saxon. The word is 
 ■used in two opposite senses, 
 namely, allotment by design, and 
 by chance. 
 
 Stn. Chance. Fortune. Fate. Hazard, 
 Ballot 
 
 AUT. I^aw. Provision. Arrangement 
 Disposal, Design. Purpose. Plan, Por- 
 tion. Allotment 
 
 Loth, adj'. See Loathsome — 
 the true spelling. 
 
 Stn. Reluctant Unwilling. 
 Ant. Ready. Willing. Lief. 
 
 Loud, adj. Sax. hlad. 
 
 Stn. Sounding. Sonorous. Noisy. Ito- 
 sonant Audible. Vociferous. CkniorosiL 
 Obstreperotu. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 251 
 
 Amt. Soft. Gentle. Subdued, Whisper- 
 ing. Rustling. Murmuring. Babbling. 
 Pattering. Tinkling. Dulcet. Inaudible. 
 Qaiet. 
 
 Lounge, v. int. Conn, with 
 Long. Either to be a long, or to 
 spend a ^fmg time. See Loll and 
 Loiter. 
 
 IjOUT, n. Sax. liitan, to how or 
 hend. Expressive, apparently, 
 of a combination of awkwardness 
 and servility, which make up the 
 clown. 
 
 Stn. Clown. Looby. Clodhopper. Clod. 
 [ Ant. Dandy. Fop. Cockney. Prig. 
 
 Love, n. Sax. hf/e, Germ. 
 h'ehe. 
 
 Syn. Affection. Attachment. Passion. 
 Devotion. Benevolence. Kindness. Cha- 
 rity. 
 
 Ant. Hatred. Dislike. Disaffection. 
 Alienation. Estrangement. Bitterness. 
 Coldness. Indifference. Repugnance. In- 
 Hdelity. Desertion. Unkindness. Malice. 
 Uucharltableness. 
 
 Lovely, adj. See Love. 
 Worthy of love or exciting love. 
 
 Syn. Amiable. Loveable. Charming. 
 Enchanting. Beautiful. 
 
 Ant. Unamiable. Unloveable. Hate- 
 fuL Hideous. Plain. Homely. Unat- 
 tractive. Unlovely. 
 
 Low, adj. Old Eng. Sax. 
 licgan, Germ, liegen, to lie. 
 
 Syn. Abated. Sunk. Depressed. Stunted. 
 Declining. Deep. Subsided. Cheap. Gentle. 
 Inaudible. Dejected. Degraded. Mean. 
 Abject. Base. Unworthy. Lowly. Feeble. 
 Moderate. Repressed. Subdued. Reduced. 
 Poor. Frugal. 
 
 Ant. Elevated. Lofty. Tall. Ascend- 
 ing. Rising. High. Exorbitant. Violent. 
 Ijoud. Excited. Elated. Eminent. Con- 
 siderable. Influential. High-minded. Hon- 
 ourable. Proud. Strong. Aggravated, 
 intensified. Raised. Wealthy. Rich, 
 
 Lower, v. tr. See Low. 
 
 Syn. Depress, Decrease, Bate, Abate, 
 Drop. Reduce. Humiliate. Sink. 
 
 Ant. Hoist. Raise. Heighten. In- 
 crease. Exalt. Aggrandize. Elevate. 
 
 Lower, adj. See Low. 
 
 Syn. Inferior. 
 
 Ant. Higher, Superior. 
 
 Lowly, adj. See Low. 
 
 Syn. Mean. Low. Comnrin. HumblCk 
 
 Meek. 
 
 Ant. Lofty. Elevated. Eminent. Pioud. 
 Lordly. 
 
 LowNESS, n. See Low. 
 
 Loyal, adj'. Fr. loial, loi, law, 
 legal. Maintaining the autho- 
 rity of the law. Faithful to the 
 monarch as representing the law. 
 Hence, faithful generally where 
 allegiance is due. 
 
 Syn. Submissive. Obedient. Faithful. 
 Allegiant. True. Constant. 
 
 Ant. Insubm-issive. Insurgent. Mal- 
 content. Rebellious. Disobedient. Un- 
 faithful. Unallegiant. Untrue. Incon- 
 stant. Disaffected. 
 
 Loyalty, n. See Loyal. 
 
 Lubricate, v. tr. Luhricus, 
 smooth. To smoothe by the ap- 
 plication of oleaginous sub- 
 stances. * 
 
 Syn. Oil. Ease. Grease. Levigate. 
 
 Gloze. Glaze. \ 
 
 Ant. Rust. Clog. Indent. Roughen. 
 
 Corrugate. •* 
 
 Lucent, adj'. Lucere, lux, to 
 shine. See Limpid. 
 
 LuoiD, adj. Lux, lucidus, light. 
 
 Syn. Shining. Bright. Resplendent. 
 Luculent. Luminous. Clear. Transpa- 
 rent. Crystalline. Pellucid. Distinct. In- 
 telligible. Rational. Perspicuous. Or- 
 derly. 
 
 Ant. Dark. Unlustrous. Opaque. Tur- 
 bid. Muddy. Obscure. Unintelligible. 
 Confused. Insolved. Insane. Mystified. 
 
 Luck, n. Icel. luhha. See 
 Chance, 
 
 Luckless, adj. See Luck and 
 Lucky. 
 
 Lucky, adj. See Luck. 
 
 Syn. Fortunate. Auspicious. Pros- 
 perous. 
 
 Ant. Unlucky. Unfortunate. Inaus- 
 picious. Unprosperous. Adverse. Ill- 
 fated. Disastrous. 
 
 Lucrative, adj. See Lucre. 
 Lucre, n. Lat. lucrum, gain. 
 
 Syw. Gain. Profit. Greed. Wealth. 
 Ant. Loss. Poverty. Failure, i'rfv* 
 ttoQ. Dross. Refuae 
 
2.'2 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Lucubration, n. Lux. light, 
 hicubrare, to work hy lamp-light. 
 Thence, a work of study gene- 
 rally. 
 
 3iN, Study, Meditation. Work. Cogi- 
 tation. 
 
 Aht. Idleness. Vacuity. Incogitancy. 
 Torpor. 
 
 LucuLKNT. See Lucid. 
 Ludicrous. Lvdus, play, sport. 
 
 SvN. Ridiculous. Farcical. Laughable. 
 Comic. Droll. 
 
 A»T. Serious. Momentous. Grave. Sad. 
 Sorrowful. Mournful. Tragic. Lugu- 
 brious. Melancholy. Doleful. Sombre. 
 
 Lugubrious. Lat. lugubris, 
 sad, melancholy. See Ludicrous. 
 
 Lull, v. tr. and i7it. It. lal- 
 tare, to sing lullaby. Act, and 
 veut. See Assuage and Sub- 
 side. 
 
 Lull, n. See verb. 
 
 SvN. Quiet. Assuagement. Cessation. 
 Quiescence. Subsidence. 
 
 Ant. Tumult. Excitement. Storm. 
 Tempest. 
 
 Lumber, n. Lombard. The 
 Lombards being the merchants 
 of the middle ages, a Lombard 
 room was a room for the stock- 
 ing of commercial documents 
 and valuables. It is used for 
 useless stock. 
 
 Syn. Trash. Rubbish. Refuse. 
 Ant. Valuables. Commodities. Stock. 
 
 Lumber, v. See Jioun. To fill 
 with lumber. 
 
 SvN. Choke. Crowd. Obstruct. En- 
 cumber. 
 
 Ant. Clear. Disencumber. Utilize. 
 Economize. 
 
 Luminary, n. Lumen, a light. 
 Used metaphorically of persons, 
 as, ' shining lights.* 
 
 Syn. Sage. Savant Celebrity. Light. 
 Genius. 
 
 Ant. Fool. Ignoramus. Dunce. Block- 
 be.ad. Lout. 
 
 Luminous, adj. See Luminary 
 voii Lucid. 
 
 Lumpish, adj. Lump. Conn, 
 with Clump. See Clumsy. 
 
 Syk. Heavy. Qoddish. Sluggish. Clumsy. 
 Ant. Light. Airy. Agile. Sylpli-like, 
 Nimble. Active. 
 
 Lunacy, n. Jjuna, the moon. 
 The condition of being moon- 
 struck with madness. 
 
 SvN. Madness. Insanity. Derangement. 
 Craziness. Mania. Aberration. Halluci- 
 nation. 
 
 Ant. Sanity. Reason. Intellect. Intel- 
 ligence. Rationality. Lucidity. 
 
 Lunatic, n. See Lunacy. 
 
 Stn. Madman. Maniac. Monomaniac. 
 Amt. Solon. PhiluBopher. Luminary 
 Genius. 
 
 LuRB, V. tr. Old Fr. hire, an 
 art ific ial hawk used us a decoy. See 
 Decoy. 
 
 Lurid, adj. Lat. hiridus. 
 
 Stn. Murky. lx)wering. 
 Ant. Briglit. Luminous. 
 
 Lurk, v. int. Conn, with 
 Lurch. 
 
 SvK. Hide. Lie. Skulk. Abscond. 
 Ant. Rise. Spring. Show, Flash. 
 Emerge. 
 
 Luscious, adj. Supposed to 
 be a corruption of luxurious. 
 
 Syn. Sweet. Delicious. Honied. Su- 
 gary. 
 
 Ant. Sour. Sharp. Tart. Bitter. 
 
 Lustration, n. Lustrare, to 
 purify in a sacrificial sense. 
 
 Syn. Purification. Expurgation. Expia- 
 tion. 
 
 Ant, Desecration, Defilement. Conta- 
 mination. 
 
 Lustre, n. Lustrum, a sacri- 
 fice of purification or cleansing, 
 from lucere, to be bright. Comp. 
 Illustrious. See Bright. 
 
 Lusty, adj. Lust, animal 
 vigour. 
 
 Syn. Robust. Vigorous. Strong. Stout. 
 Ant. Infirm. Weak. Disabled. Ailing 
 Efifete. Listless. 
 
 LuTOSE, adj. Lutum mud. 
 Of muddy appcai'ance See 
 Limpid. 
 
 i 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Luxuriant, adj. Luxuriare 
 Dr art, to flourish, luxuria, luxury. 
 See Exuberant. 
 
 Luxuriate, v. int. See Luxu- 
 riant. See Bask. 
 
 Luxurious, adj. See Luxu- 
 riate. Applied to circumstances 
 and character. 
 
 SvN. Voluptuous^ Self-indulgent. Plea- 
 
 Paniperetl. 
 
 PainfuL Self-denying. 
 
 Burablc. Sensual. 
 
 Ant. Hard. 
 Ascetic. Hardy. 
 
 Luxury, «. Lat. luxuria. 
 
 Stn. Kffeniinacy. Epicurism. Volup- 
 tuousness. Wantonness. Self-indulgence. 
 Softness. Animalism. 
 
 Ant. Hardness. Asceticism. Self-denial. 
 Hardship. Stoicism. 
 
 M. 
 
 Macerate, v. tr. Macer, lean. 
 To deprive of substance, espe- 
 cially by steeping in water. 
 
 SvN. Attenvate. AVaste, Wither. Steep. 
 Madefy. Hot, 
 
 Ant. Fatten. Replenish. Repair. 
 Pamper. Swell. 
 
 Maceration, n. See Mace- 
 rate. 
 
 Machination, n. Machina, 
 a raachine or contrivance. Used 
 in an unfavourable sense. 
 
 Stn. Contrivance. Design. Plot. In- 
 trigue. 
 
 Akt. Detection. Counteraction. Baffling. 
 Defeat. Exposure. Overthrow, Dehancc. 
 Challenge. Conflict. Competition. 
 
 Maculated, adj. Macula, a 
 sjtot. 
 
 " ' " ■ ■ d. Dotted. 
 
 Speckless. 
 
 STN. Spotted. Speckled. Mottled. 
 Ant. Unspotted. 
 
 Spotle 
 Immaculate. 
 
 Mad, adj. Sax. gemoed. 
 
 SvN. Insane. Demented. Lunatic. Fu- 
 rious. Infuriated. Crazy. Maniacal. 
 
 Ant. Sane. Sound. Sensible. Quiet. 
 Composed. Unexcited. Sober. 
 
 IMadden, V. tr. See Mad. 
 
 SvN. Infuriate. Enrage. Exasj)erate. 
 Ant. Calm. Pacify. Assuage. Lay. 
 Ueunerise. 
 
 253 
 
 Lat. made- 
 
 Madefaction, n. 
 
 facer e, to make wet. 
 
 StN. Wetting. Moistening. Moistura, 
 Humectation. Maceration. 
 
 Ant. Exsiccation. Drying. Arefaction. 
 
 Madman, n. See Mad and 
 Lunatic. 
 
 Madness, n. See Mad. 
 
 Magisterial, adj. Magister, 
 a master. 
 
 Stn. ])ictatorial. Authoritative. Im- 
 posing, Conseciuential. 
 
 Ant. Submissive. Docile. Undigiiific-d, 
 Unimposing. Modest. Unassuming. 
 
 Magistrate, n. See Magis- 
 terial and Judge. 
 
 Magnanimity, n. Magrms 
 animus, a great mind. 
 
 Syn. High-mindedness. GeneroLity. For- 
 bearance. Clemency. 
 
 Ant. Meanness. Pettiness. Paltriness. 
 Spitefulness. Spleen. 
 
 Magnificent, adj. Magnus, 
 great, and /acere, to make. 
 
 Syn. Grand. Magnanimous. Noble 
 Splendid. Superb. Imposing. Gorgeousv 
 Mcijestic. Dignified, Stately, August. 
 Sublime. 
 
 Ant. Petty. Mean. Little. Small- 
 minded. Paltry. Ordinary. Tawdry, Beg 
 garly. Unimposing. Tame. Flat. 
 
 Magnify, v. tr. See Magni- 
 ficent. 
 
 SvN. Enlarge. Amplify. Augment. 
 Exaggerate. Increase. Extol. 
 
 Ant. Diminish, Contract. Curtail Pal- 
 liata Extenuate, Decry. 
 
 Magniloquent, adj. Maffnus, 
 great, and loqui, to talk. Big or 
 high-sounding in talk. 
 
 Syn, High-flown. Altiloqtient. Bom- 
 bastic. Tumid. Turgid. BoastfuL 
 
 Ant. Simple, Unaffected. Plain-spoken. 
 Vernacular. 
 
 Magnitude, n. 
 See Size. 
 
 Magnus, great. 
 
 MaiM; v. tr. Old Fr. mahaig- 
 ner, probably of Celtic origin. 
 
 Stn. Disable. Cripple. Mutilate. Mar 
 Ant, Restore, Reinvigorate. Strecgthea 
 Mcud. 
 
 Main, n. Sax. miigau strcftyiL 
 
254 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 maga;i, to he able. Comp. May, 
 the auxiliary verb. 
 
 orN. Bulk. Majority. Body. Trunk. 
 Ant. Portion. Section. Minority. 
 Branch. Limb. Tributary, Member. 
 
 Mainly, adv. See Main. 
 
 Stn. Principally. Largely. Chiefly. 
 Primarily. 
 
 Ant. Somewhat, Partially, Slightly, 
 kibordinately. 
 
 Maintain, v. tr. Fr. main- 
 *cmr, Lat. manus, the hand, and 
 tenere, to Jwld or support. See 
 Support. 
 
 Majestic, adj. Maj'estas, ma- 
 jesty. See Magnificent. 
 
 Majesty, n. See Majestic and 
 Magnificent. 
 
 Majoeity, n. Lat. major, 
 greater. Superiority of rank or 
 of numbers, 
 
 SvN. Superiority. Eldership. Priority, 
 Bulk. Preponderance. Seniority. 
 
 Ant. Inferiority. Juniority. Minority. 
 
 Make, v. tr. Sax. macian. 
 
 Syn. Create. Produce. Frame. Fashion. 
 Fabricate. Construct. Effect. Do, Per- 
 form. Execute. Gain. Find. Establish. 
 Compel. Constitute. Keach. 
 
 Ant. Annihilate. Unmake. Undo. 
 Dismember. Disintegrate. Destroy. De- 
 feat. Miss. Lose. Mar. Disestablish, 
 
 Maker, n. See Make. 
 
 Maladministration, n. Male, 
 badly, and administrare, to admi- 
 nister. 
 
 Sts. Misrule. Misgovcmmcnt. Malver- 
 sation. 
 
 Ant, Rule. Government. Adminis- 
 tration. 
 
 Malady, n. Lat. malus, bad, 
 Fr. maladie, It. malato, sick. 
 
 Stn. Disorder. Distemper. Sickness. 
 Ailment, Disease, Illues.s, Complaint. 
 
 Ant. Health. Sanity. Soundness. 
 Heartiness. Vigour. Bloom. 
 
 Malcontent, n. Fr, One 
 who is ill-<}ontented with the 
 government under which he 
 lives. An incipient traitor or 
 rebel. See Insurgent. 
 
 Malediction, n. Male (ft'oerv, 
 
 to speak ill. See Benediction. 
 
 Malefactor, n. Male facere^ 
 to do ill. See Culprit. 
 
 Maleficent, adj. See Male- 
 factor and Beneficent. 
 
 Malevolent, adj. Male vo- 
 lens. Ill-inclined. See Benevo- 
 lent. 
 
 Malformation, n. Male for- 
 mare, to form ill. ^'ee Deformity. 
 
 Malice, n. Malitia, malus, 
 bad. Bad feeling, ^ee Spite. 
 
 Malign, v. tr. Lat. maUgnus, 
 malus and genus, of evil race or 
 nature. See Traduce. 
 
 Malignant, adj. See Malign 
 and Beneficent. 
 
 Malignity, n. See Malign 
 and Spite. 
 
 Malleable, adj. Malleus, a 
 hammer. Easily hammered out. 
 See Du«tile. 
 
 Maltreat, v. tr. Male trao- 
 tare, to treat ill. See Injure. 
 
 Malversation, n. Male ver^ 
 sari, to behave ill, especially in an 
 official capacity. 
 
 Stn, Malpractice, Corruption 
 
 Ant. Integrity. Uncorruptness. Up- 
 rightness. 
 
 Manage, v. tr. Fr. m.cnage. 
 Low Lat. mansionaticum, the ad- 
 ministration of a household. 
 
 Stn, Handle. Manipulate. Control, 
 Conduct. Administer. Mould. Eegiilate 
 Contrive. Train. Husband. 
 
 Ant. Mismanage, Misconduct. Upset 
 Derange, Misuse. 
 
 Manageable, adj. See Ma- 
 nage. Applied to undertakings 
 and persons. 
 
 Stn. Easy. Feasible. Possible. Docile. 
 Tractable. Practicable. 
 
 Akt. DiflBcult. Impracticable. Impos- 
 Bible. Unmanageable. Intractal: ,«. Re- 
 fractory Untanieabla 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 255 
 
 Management, n. See Manage. 
 
 Stir. Treatment Conduct. Adminis- 
 tration. Government. Skill. Address. 
 
 Stn. Maltreatment. Misconduct. Mal- 
 administration. Misgovemment. Mala- 
 droitness. 
 
 Manager, n. See Manage. 
 
 Mandate, n. Mandare-datus, 
 to command. An official com- 
 mand. 
 
 Stn. Command. Order. Edict. 
 Ant. Suggestion. Petition. Request. 
 Entreaty. 
 
 Manful, adj. See Manly. 
 Mangle, v. tr. Low. Germ. 
 
 mank, deficient, mutilated. See 
 Maim and Lacerate. 
 Manhood, n. See Man. 
 
 Stn. Humanity. Virility. Maturity. 
 Manliness. Manfulness. 
 
 Ant. Divinity. Womanhood. Child- 
 hood. Childishness. 
 
 Mania, n. Gr. See Madness. 
 
 Maniac, n. See Mania and 
 Madman. 
 
 Manifest, adj. Lat. mani- 
 festus. 
 
 Stn. Visible. Obvious. Distinct. Con- 
 spicuous. Indubitable. Evident. 
 
 Ant. Invisible. Dubious. Inconspicu- 
 ous. Indistinct. 
 
 Manifest, v. tr. See Exhibit. 
 
 Manifold, adj. Sax. maneg, 
 many, aJidfealdan, to fold. 
 
 Stn. Numerous. Multiplied. Diverse. 
 Multigenous. Multifarious. Varied. Va- 
 rious. Multitudinous. 
 
 Ant, Few. Scant. Rare. Scarce. 
 Limited. Uniform. 
 
 Manipulate, v. tr. Manipu- 
 lare, manus, the hand. See 
 Handle and Manage, 
 
 IMankind, n. Man and Kind, 
 meaning kindred or a race. 
 
 Stn. Humanity. Man, Men. Society. 
 
 Ant. Divinity. Deity. God. Heaven. 
 
 Nature. Earth. World. Creation. Cattle. 
 
 Manlike, adj. See Man and 
 Like. 
 
 Sth. See Manly, a corruption of Man- 
 like. 
 
 Manly, adj. For Manlike. 
 
 Stn. Bold, Ccarageous. Gencrona 
 Open. Chivalrous. Frank. Finn. Ncble 
 Stately. Fine. Mature, 
 
 Ant. Womanish. Childish. Timid, 
 Unmanly. Dastardly, Weak, Puny. Un- 
 grown. Boyish, 
 
 Manner, n. Fr. maniere, ma' 
 nus, the hand. A way of treat- 
 ment. Thence, a way of conduct, 
 life, deportment, or proceeding, 
 and fashion of existence. 
 
 Stn, Mode, Method, Style, Form. 
 Fashion, Carriage, Behaviour, Deport- 
 ment. Habit. Sort. Kind. 
 
 Ant. Work. Project. Design. Perform- 
 ance. Life. Action. Proceeding. Appear- 
 ance. Being, 
 
 Mannerism, n. See Manner. 
 Is used for such adherence to 
 affected peculiarity of style or 
 expression as is earned to excess, 
 as distinguished from natural 
 characteristics. 
 
 Stn. Self-repetition. Affectation. Eu- 
 phuism. Self-consciousness. 
 
 Ant. Naturalness. Unaffectedness. Cha- 
 racter. Peculiarity. Idiosyncracy. Genuine- 
 ness. Specialty. 
 
 Mannerly, adj. See Maimer. 
 
 Stn. Polite. Well-behaved. Well-bred. 
 Ant. Unmannerly. Rude. Coarse. 
 Rough. 
 
 Manners, n. See Manner. 
 The word in the plural, of old, 
 meant moral conduct. It now 
 means social demeanour. 
 
 Stn. Deportment. Behaviour. Carriage. 
 Courtesy. Politeness, Intercourse, De- 
 meanour 
 
 Ant. Misdemeanour. Misbehaviour. Un- 
 mannerliness. 
 
 Man(euvre, n. Fr. main, 
 hand, and ceuvre, tvork. 
 
 Stn, Operation. Tactics, Contrivance 
 Movement. 
 
 Akt. Counteraction. Defeat. Baffle- 
 ment. Detection. Countermovement. 
 Check, Neutralization, 
 
 Mansuetude, n. Lat. man- 
 suetudo, manus, the hand, and 
 sv£scere^ to become accustomed. 
 
 Stk. Docility, Mildness. Gentlenesa 
 Tameness. 
 
 Ant, Ferocity, Wildness, Ficrcencu 
 Untameableness. 
 
256 
 
 Synonyms and Anionyms, 
 
 Manufacture, n. Lat. manus 
 and /acere, to make. 
 
 Sth. Make. Production. Fabrication. 
 Composition. Construction. Manipulation. 
 Moulding. 
 
 Ant. Use. Employment, Consump- 
 tion. Wear. 
 
 Manumit, v. Lat. manus, a 
 hand, and mittei-e, to send off — 
 referring to the Roman cere- 
 mony of giving slaves their free- 
 dom. See Enslave. 
 
 Manumission, n. See Manu- 
 mit. 
 
 Many, adj. Sax. manig. 
 
 SvM. Numerous. Abundant. Frequent. 
 Manifold. Diveis. Sundry. 
 
 Ant. Few. Scarce. Rare. Infrequent 
 
 Mar, v. tr. Sax. merran, to 
 impede w dissipate. 
 
 Syn. Spoil. Hurt. Damage. Injure. 
 Defeat. Impair. Maim. 
 
 Ant. Make. Restore. Mend. Improve. 
 Reinstate. Promote. Enhance. Conserve. 
 
 Marauder. Der. uncertain. 
 Perhaps Lat. morari, to loiter, 
 hang about. 
 
 Stn. Plunderer. Invader. Rover. Free- 
 booter. Moss-trooper. Filibuster. Pillager. 
 
 Ant. Ranger. Guard. Sentry. Keeper. 
 Outpost. Marcher. 
 
 Margin, n. Lat. margo, inis. 
 Used metaphorically for avail- 
 able contingent space over and 
 above the primary limitations of 
 a thing. 
 
 Stn. Edge, Lip. Boundary. Latitude. 
 Room. T^oopbole. 
 
 Ant. Figure. Space. Centre. Limita- 
 tion. Restriction. Stringency, 
 
 Marine, adj. Marinus, mare. 
 Belonging to the sea. 
 
 Stn. Oceanic. Sea Neptunian. Mari- 
 time. Naval. Salt-water. Nautical. 
 
 Ant. Terresttial. Terrene. Land. Fresh- 
 water. 
 
 Marital, adj. Of or belong- 
 ing to the condition of a hus- 
 band. 
 
 Stn, Matrimonial. Conjugal. Connu- 
 oial. Nuptial Hymeneal. 
 
 Akt. Single Celibate. Unwedded, Un- 
 o«anubi»l. 
 
 Maritime, adj. See Marino. 
 Mark, n. Sax. mearc. Used 
 metaphorically for notability. 
 
 Stn. Trace. Token. Sign. Symptom. 
 Impression. Indication, Note. 
 
 Akt. Erasure. Obliteration. Efface- 
 ment. Unindicativeness, Plainness, 
 
 Mark, v. See Mark, n. To 
 give heed to a mark, or to make 
 a mark upon. 
 
 SxN. Stamp. Label. Sign. Indicate. 
 Decorate. Brand. Stigmatize. Signalize. 
 
 Note. Observe. Regard. Heed. Specify. 
 Specialize. 
 
 Akt. Ignore. Overlook. Omit. Mis- 
 label. Mismark. Misindicate. Misobserve. 
 Misspecify. 
 
 Marriage, n. Low Lat. ma- 
 
 ritagium. 
 
 Syn. Matrimony. Nuptials, ilspousala 
 Wedlock. 
 
 Ant. Celibacy. Virginity. 
 
 Marrow, n. Sax. mearg. 
 Used metaphorically. 
 
 Si'N. Pith. Gist. Substance. Essence. 
 Life. Cream. Kernel. 
 
 Ant. Surplusage. Redundancy. Excre- 
 scence. Superfluity. Clothing. Dressing 
 Amplification. Volume. Mass, Body. 
 
 Marshal, v. tr. Old Germ. 
 marah, a horse (comp. Mace), 
 and scale, servant, Fr. marechal, 
 means a marshal and a farrier. 
 The term seems to have ascended 
 gradually from the rank of the 
 lowest to that of the highest 
 officer of cavalry, through inter- 
 mediate stages, as, provost-mar- 
 shal, &c., of a social or civil cha- 
 racter. 
 
 Syn. See Order and Arrange. 
 
 Martial, adj. Mars, martis. 
 Having the qualities or bearing 
 of soldiers, also appertaining to 
 the profession of a soldier. 
 
 Syn. Military. Warlike. 
 
 Ant. Unmartial. Unmilitary. Peaceful 
 
 Martyrdom, n. Martyr. Gr. 
 fidprvs, a witness; one tvho hort 
 witness unto death to the religicm 
 of Ghiist. Used sometimes ob- 
 
t^jnmiyms and Antonyms. 
 
 257 
 
 joctionably in the sense of tor- 
 hire. See Torture. 
 
 Stk. Confession. 
 
 Airr. Renegation. Abjuration. 
 
 Mabvbl, n. Lat. mirahilis. 
 Used objectively for a matter of 
 wonder, and subjectively for the 
 feeling of it. 
 
 Stn. Wonder. Prodigy. Admiration. 
 Portent. Miracle. Astonishment. Amaze- 
 ment. Phenomenon. 
 
 Ant. Incuriosity. Unconcern. J(.ke. 
 Trifle. Farce. Bagntelle. Moonsliiue. 
 Cipher. Drug. Imposture. Juggle. 
 
 Marvellous, adj\ See Mar- 
 vel. 
 
 Masculine, adj. MascuUnus, 
 mas, a male. 
 
 Syn. Male. Manly. Manful. 
 
 Ant. Female. Feminine. Womanish. 
 Womanly., Effeminate. 
 
 Mash, v. tr. Sax. miscan, 
 G-erm. meischeii. 
 
 Stn. Mix. Knead. Compound. Amal- 
 gamate. 
 
 Ant. Discompound. Sift. Winnow. 
 Disamalgamate. 
 
 Mask, n. Low. Lat. masca. 
 Used symbolically. 
 
 Stn. Pretext. Pretence. Screen. Ruse. 
 Cover. Hypocrisy. 
 
 Ant. Truth. Nakedness. Detection. 
 Exposure. Unmasking. Verity. Openness. 
 Candour. 
 
 Mask, v. tr. See noun. 
 Stn. Hide. Screen. Blink. Cloke. 
 Dii^ulse. 
 Ant. Expose. Unmask. Detect. 
 
 Mass, n. Lat. massa, Gr. 
 aaaa-ewy to knead. 
 
 Stn. Lump. Body. Bulk. Majority. 
 Heap. 
 
 Ant. Fragment. Bit. Portion. Morsel. 
 Section. Minority. 
 
 Massacre, n, Fr. Low Lat. 
 mazairium, Germ, metzger, a 
 butcher. See Carnage. 
 
 Massive, adj. See Mass and 
 Huge. 
 
 Stn. Solid. Huge. Colossal. Weighty. 
 Mighty. Vast. 
 
 Ajit. Slight. Petty. Stunted. Frail. 
 SUiHier. Aiiy. 
 
 Master, n. I^at. raagister. 
 
 Stn. Lord. Ruler. Governor. Owner 
 Possessor. Proprietor. Teacher. Professor. 
 Adept. 
 
 Ant. Servant. Slave. Subject. Pro- 
 perty. Learner. PupiL Tyro. 
 
 Master, v. tr. See noun. 
 
 Syn. Conquer. Overcome. Subdue. 
 Overpower. 
 
 Ant. Yield. FaiL Sorrender. Suc- 
 cumb. 
 
 Masterly, adj. See Master. 
 
 Stn. Finished. Artistic Consummat* 
 Aht. Clumsy. Rude. Bungling. Botchy 
 Ufiskilled. Maladroit. 
 
 MA.STKRY, n. See Master. 
 
 Stn. Authority. Leadership. Head- 
 ship. Proficiency. Success. Superiority. 
 Victory. Advantage. 
 
 Ajit. Subservience. Submission. Tute- 
 lage. Guidance. Obedience. Inexpertness. 
 Ignorance. Failure. Defeat. Surrender. 
 
 Masticate, v. tr. Lat. mas- 
 ticare. 
 
 Stn. Manducate. Chew. 
 Ant. Bolt. Gobble. 
 
 Match, n. Sax. maca. Used 
 in the following various senses : — 
 
 Syn. Equal. Mate. Companion. Con- 
 test. Competition. Tally. Equality. Pair. 
 
 Ant. Superior. inferior. Mismatch. 
 Oddity. Disparity. Inequality. 
 
 Match, v. tr. and int. See noun. 
 
 Syn, Equal. Compare. Oppose. Pit. 
 Adapt. Sort. Suit. Mate. 
 
 Ant. Fail. Exceed. Preponderate. Sur- 
 pass. Mismatch. Dissociate. Separate. Mis- 
 fit. Misadapt. Missort. 
 
 Matchless, adj. See Match, ?>. 
 
 Snr. Consummate. Incomparable. Peer- 
 less. 
 
 Ant. Common. Ordinary, Every-day. 
 Commonplace. 
 
 Mate, n. and v. Icel. mati, 
 companion. See Match. 
 
 Material, n. Lat. materies. 
 
 Stn. Substance. Staff. 
 
 A»T. Work. Production. Design. 
 
 Material, adj. See noun, and 
 Essential. 
 
 Matrimony, n. Lat. matrix 
 monium, mater ^ a mother. See 
 Wedlock. 
 
^58 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Matiion, n. Lat. matrona, 
 mater. 
 
 Stn. Mother. Woman. Dowager. Dame. 
 
 Ant. Girl, Lass. DamseL Spinster. 
 Miss. 
 
 Matter, n. Lat. materies. 
 
 SvN. Substance. Stuff. Subject. Body. 
 Importance. (Or, prefixing the definite article) 
 The Visible. Tangible. Substantial. Cor- 
 poreal. Physical. Ponderable. 
 
 Ant. Immateriality. Spirituality. Mind. 
 Intellect. Spirit. The Invisible. Unseen. 
 Spiritual, Moral. Mental. Intellectual. 
 
 Matube, adj. Lat. mafurus. 
 See Eipe. 
 
 Matutinal, adj. Lat. matu- 
 tinus, from mane, in the morn- 
 ing. 
 
 Syn, Early. Morning. Waking. Dawn- 
 ing. 
 
 Ant. Late. Vespertinal. Evening. 
 Slumbering, Waning. 
 
 Maudlin, adj. Contracted 
 from Magdalene, who was drawn 
 by painters with eyes red with 
 weeping; the appearance being 
 referred in other cases to semi- 
 intoxication. The word was 
 taken to express that state, and 
 the sickly sentimentality which 
 sometimes accompanies it. 
 
 Syn. Intoxicated. Temulent. Senti- 
 mental. Mawkish, Mellow, 
 
 Ant. Sensible. Unromantic. Unsenti- 
 mental. Dry. Sober. 
 
 Mawkish, adj. Scot, mauk, 
 a maggot. Haying a disgusting 
 and sickening effect. 
 
 Stn. Sickly. Sentimental. Maudlin. 
 Insipid. 
 
 Ant. Savoury. Sensible. Sound. Fine. 
 Pungent. Palatable. 
 
 Maxim, n. Lat. maxima (sen- 
 tentia). The sentence which is 
 the strongest or most authorita- 
 tive form of stating a principle. 
 
 Syn. Adage. Rule. Axiom. Apothegm. 
 Ant. Absurdity, Sophism. Quibble. 
 Pa) adox. Enigma 
 
 Maximum, n. Lat. The 
 greatest extent, or tiie highest 
 point. 
 
 Stn. Ultiuiaiiim, Climax. Anne 2«. 
 
 nlth. Apex. Completion. Utmost. i\>n' 
 summation. Culmination. 
 
 Ant. Initiative. Commencement m- 
 
 choation. Incompletion, Abortion. De- 
 crease, Wane. Minimum. MorseL Frag- 
 ment. 
 
 Maze, n. Sax. mdse, a wlmi- 
 pool, Icel. meis, a curve. See 
 Labyrinth. 
 
 Meagre, adj. Lat. macer. 
 
 Stn. Thin. iy_;an. Lank. Scanty 
 Barren. 
 
 Ant. Stout. Fat. Brawny, Abundant. 
 Fertile. Copious, 
 
 Mean. Sax. man. Allied to 
 Lat. communis. 
 
 Stn. Common. Low. Base. Spiritless. 
 Dishonourable. Contemptible. Despicable. 
 Beggarly. Sordid. Niggardly. 
 
 Ant. High, Exalted. p:minent. Spi- 
 rited. Honourable, Lordly, Princely. 
 Munificent. Liberal. Generous, 
 
 Mean, adj. Lat. medianus, 
 medius, or else from above. 
 
 Stn, Middle, Intermediate, Average. 
 Ant, Extreme. Excessive. Exorbitant, 
 
 Mean, n. See adjective. 
 
 Syn. Medium. Moderation. Balance, 
 Average. 
 
 Ant, Extreme. Excess. Preponderance 
 Disproportion, Deficiency. Shortcoming, 
 Inadequacy. 
 
 Mean, v. tr. Sax. mcenan, re- 
 cite, lament, mean. 
 
 Stn, Intend, Purpose, Design, Signify. 
 Denote. Indicate. Suggest. Hint. 
 
 Ant. Say, State. Enunciate. Do. 
 Execute. Perform. 
 
 Meaning, n. See Mean. 
 
 Meanness, n. See Mean, adj. 
 
 Means, n. See Mean, n. The 
 middle thing between the pur- 
 pose and the execution. 
 
 Syn. Resources. Instrument Media. 
 Ant. End, Purpose, Object 
 
 Measure, n. Lat. mensura. 
 See Dimension. 
 
 Measure, v. Metiri, mensus, 
 to mete or measure. 
 
 Stn. Mete. Estimate. Gauge. Va/UH. 
 Appraise. 
 
 Ant. Misfit. Misconfona. MismotfWi^ 
 Misdeal Misapportion. , 
 
Synonyms and Antony ma. 
 
 250 
 
 Measureless, adj. See Mea- 
 sure and Infinite. 
 
 Mechanical, adf. Lat. ma- 
 china, Fr. mechanigue. Going, 
 as it were, by machinery, with 
 little appearance of volition. 
 Sometimes opposed to chemical. 
 
 Syn. Habitual. Automatic. Unreflec- 
 tlve. Spontaneous. Effortless. Unim- 
 passioned. 
 
 Ant. Laboured. Self-conscious. Forced. 
 Feeling. Spirited. Appreciative. Life- 
 like. Lively. Impassioned. Animated. 
 
 Meddle, v. int. Lat. medium. 
 Comp. Middle and Medley. 
 
 Syn. See Interfere. 
 
 Meddlesome, adj. See Meddle. 
 
 Stn. Officious. Obtrusive. Intrusive. 
 Interfering. 
 
 Ant. UnoSicious. Inobtrusive. Un- 
 mcddlesome. 
 
 Mediation, n. See Meddle. 
 
 SvN. Interference. Interposition. Re- 
 conciliation. Atonement. Arbitration. 
 Adjustment. 
 
 Ant. Neutrality. Non-interference. 
 Indifference. 
 
 Medicament, n. Lat. medica- 
 mentum, mederi, to heal. See 
 Eemedy. 
 
 Medicate, v. tr. See Medi- 
 cament. 
 
 Syn. Treat. Compound. Amalgamate. 
 Adulterate. Sophisticate. Drug. 
 
 Ant. Clarify. Analyze. Purify. Defe- 
 cate. Simplify. Disadulterate. 
 
 Medicine, 7i. See Medica- 
 ment. 
 
 Syn. Remedy. Physic. Therapeutics. 
 Antidote. Salve. Cure. Corrective. 
 
 Ant. Aggravation. Poison. Virus. 
 Bane. 
 
 Mediocrity, n. Lat. medio- 
 critas, medius. The quality of 
 being in a middling state, as dis- 
 tinguished from anything higher 
 or better. 
 
 Si-N. Commonplace. Mean. Medium. 
 Average. Sufficiency. 
 
 Ant. PZxcellence. Superiority. Rarity. 
 Brilliance. Distinction. 
 
 Meditate, v, tr. andtw^. Lat. 
 
 meditari. 
 
 SxK. Think. Cogitate. Purpose. Itu- 
 minate. Contemplate. Plan. 
 
 Ant. Execute, Enact. Complete. Con- 
 summate. 
 
 Medium, n. Lat. See Mean, n. 
 
 Medley, n. Old Fr. mesler, 
 Lat. miscere, to mix, 
 
 Syn. Jumble. Confusion. Tumuli 
 Mixture. Hodge-podge. Litter. 
 
 Ant. Assortment. Arrangement Dis- 
 position. Classification. InterdistinctioH 
 Grouping. Collocation. 
 
 Meed, n. Sax. med, Gr. fxiado^, 
 a reward of m,erit. 
 
 Stn. Guerdon. Premium. Prize. Re 
 ward. 
 
 Ant. Penalty. Punishment. Brand. 
 Stigma. Amercement. 
 
 Meek, adj. Old Eng. 
 
 Stk. Mild. Gentle. Submissive. Mo- 
 dest. Yielding. 
 
 Ant. Bold. Arrogant. Self-asserting 
 Irritable. Proud. High-spirited. 
 
 Meet, v. ad. and neut. 
 
 Stn. Encounter. Confront. Engage. 
 Assemble. Unite. Coalesce. Converge. 
 
 Ant. Miss. Pass. Escape. Elude 
 Avoid. Decline. Disperse. Diverge. Se- 
 parate. Vary. Disagree. 
 
 Melancholy, adj. Gr. /xeXay, 
 
 black, and xo^i7> .9^^^ ^*' ^*^^- 
 
 Syn. Gloomy. Sad. Dejected. Dis- 
 consolate. Dismal. Moody. Hypochon- 
 driacal. 
 
 Ant. Lively. Sprightly. Gladsome. 
 Gleesome. Blithesome. Happy, Cheerful. 
 Gamesome. Mirthful. Merry. 
 
 Melancholy, n. See adjective. 
 
 Meliorate, v. tr. See Ame- 
 liorate. 
 
 Mellifluous, adj. Mel, mellis, 
 honey, and fluere, to jlow. 
 
 Stn. Dulcet. Euphonious. Silvery. 
 Flowing, Smooth. 
 
 Ant. Harsh. Hoarse. Abrupt. Ran- 
 corous. Rough. Discordant. Broken. 
 
 Mellow, adj. Sax? milisc, 
 siveet, ripe. 
 
 Syn. Ripe. Rich. Full flavoured. 
 Jovial. 
 
 Aht. Unripe. Harsh. Sour. Acid. 
 Acrid. Crabbetl Sober. Dry. 
 
 Melodious, adj. Gr. fieXwSi'a, 
 See Musical. 
 
260 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 MsLT, V. ir. and inf.. Sax. 
 meltan. 
 
 Stjt. Dissolve. Liquify. Oolllquate. 
 Hun. Flow, Fuse. 
 
 Ant. Consolidate, Crystallize. Indu- 
 ate. 
 
 Membbk, n. Lat. membrunif 
 it limb. 
 . Stn. Limb, Part, Portion. Con- 
 Btituent Component, 
 
 Ant. Body. Whole. Entirety, Con- 
 stitution. Organization. Community. As- 
 sociation. 
 
 MsHOBABLE, adj. Memorare, 
 memor, mindful. Wortliy to be 
 remembered. 
 
 Syw. Great. Strilting. Remarkable. 
 Oonspicuous. Prominent. Noticeable. Illus- 
 trious. Extraordinary. Famous. Distin- 
 guislied. 
 
 Ant. Petty, Trifling. Ordinary. In- 
 significant. Unnoticeable. Slight. Trivial 
 Mediocre. 
 
 Mkmokial, n. See Memo- 
 rable. 
 
 Stn, Monument. Record. Memento, 
 Celebration, Remembrance, Relic. In- 
 scription. 
 
 Ant. Obliviation. Silentiation. Obli- 
 teration. Effacement. Erasure. 
 
 Memory, n. Lat. memoria. 
 Used subjectively for the faculty 
 of remembering, and objectively 
 for the state of being remem- 
 bered. 
 
 Stn. Remembrance, Reminiscence. Per- 
 petuation. Recollection. Retention. Re- 
 trospect. Fame. 
 
 Ant. Forgetfulness. Oblivion. 
 
 Menace, v. tr. Lat. minari, 
 minax, to threaten. See Threaten. 
 
 Mend, v. tr. Lat. emendare, 
 menda, a fault. 
 
 Stn. Repair. Restore. Correct. Pro- 
 mote. Improve. Rectify. Reform. 
 
 Ant. Damage. Impair. Pervert. Re- 
 tard. Deteriorate. Falsify. Corrupt, 
 spoil. 
 
 MBNDACiry, n. Lat. mendax, 
 mendacious, lyiny. 
 
 SxN. Falsehood. Lying. Untruthful- 
 ness. Deception. Prevarication. Dupli- 
 city. 
 
 Ant. Veradty. Truthfulness. Frank- 
 ness. Candour. Ingenuousness. 
 
 Mendicity, n Ijat. m( u li''ars, 
 to beg. 
 
 Stn. Mendicancy. Beggary. 
 Ant. Industry. Labour. 
 
 Menial, adj. Norm. Fr. mes- 
 nee, a household or famihj. Comp. 
 
 Syn. Domestic. Attendant. Dependent. 
 Servile. 
 
 Ant. Paramount. Sovereign. Supreme. 
 Lordly. Independent. Uncontrolled. Auto- 
 cratic. 
 
 Mensuration, ri. /See Measure. 
 Used also in the technical sense 
 of— 
 
 Stn. Surveying. Geometry. Geodesy. 
 
 Mental, oaJj. Lat. mens, 
 mentis, the mind. Appertaining 
 to the mind. 
 
 Sin. Intellectual. Subjective. Meta- 
 physical. Psychical. Psychological. 
 
 A:Kt. Corporeal. Objective. Physical. 
 Bodily. 
 
 Mention. Lat. meminisse, from 
 mens, to remember. A memorial 
 notice. 
 
 Syn. Declaration. Notice. Announce- 
 ment. Observation. 
 
 Ant. Silence. Suppression. Foi^etful- 
 ness. Omission. 
 
 Mephitio. Lat. mephiticus, 
 from mephitis. Foully vaporous 
 or malarious. 
 
 Syn. Malarious. Miasmatic. 
 Ant. Balmy. Genial. Salubrious. 
 
 Mercantile, adj. Mercari, to 
 traffic, merx, merchandize. 
 
 Syn. Commercial. Interchangeable. 
 Wholesale. Retail. Marketable. 
 
 Ant. Stagnant. Unmarketable. Un- 
 mercantile. 
 
 Mercenary, adj. merces, 'pay. 
 Acting from motives of profit. 
 
 Stn. Sordid. Venal. Selfish. Avaricious. 
 Griping. 
 
 Ant. Liberal. Generous. Disinterested. 
 Profuse. Prodigal. 
 
 Merchant, n. See Mercantile. 
 
 Stn. Trader. Dealer. Importer. 
 
 Ant. Shopman. Salesman. Retailer 
 Chapman. Hawker. Hucfcster, Pedlar 
 Chandler. Coetermonger. Jibber, 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 i261 
 
 M£BOT, n. Lat. misericordia. 
 
 Stn. Compassion, aemcncy. Forgive- 
 ness. Forbearance. Grace. Benefit. Gift. 
 Pity. 
 
 Ant. l<]xaction. Harsbness. Cruelly. 
 Vengeance. Unpityingncss. Unforgive- 
 ness. 
 
 Mere, adj. Sax. wcere, Lat. 
 
 Stn. Pure. Unmixed. Absolute. Un- 
 influenced. Unadulterated. Unaffected. 
 Simple. 
 
 Ant. Mixed. Compound. Impure. 
 
 Meebtrioious, adj. Meretrix, 
 a harlot. 
 
 Stn. Tricksy. Uncbaste. Gaudy. Im- 
 pure. Tawdiy. Flashy. 
 
 Ant. Solid. Good. Chaste. Simple. 
 Pure. 
 
 Merge, v. tr. Lat. mergere, to 
 sink. See Sink. 
 
 Meridian, n. The position of 
 the sun at noon, from Lat. me- 
 dius and dies, mid-day. Used 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Zenith. Summit. Culmination. 
 Height. Apex. Acme. Pinnacle. 
 
 Ant. Nsdir. Depth. Depression. Pro- 
 fundity. Base. 
 
 Merit, n. Mereri, meritus, to 
 
 deserve. 
 
 Stn. Goodness. Worth. Worthiness. 
 Desert. Excellence. 
 
 Ant. Badness. Demerit. Un worthiness. 
 Worthlessness. Weakness. Imperfection. 
 Error. Defect. Fault. Failing. 
 
 Merry, adj. Sax. myriy. See 
 Melancholy. 
 
 Mesh. Sax. masc, a reticula- 
 tion. Used metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Intricacy. Entanglement. Invo- 
 lution. Snare. 
 
 Ant. Extrication. Escape. Deliverance. 
 
 Message, w. Fr. from the Lat. 
 
 mittere, missus, to send. 
 
 Stn. Communication. Intimation. Mis- 
 «ivo. Notice. 
 
 Ant. Non-communication. Intercep- 
 tion. 
 
 Metaphor. Gr. fiera, and 
 (pfpeiv, to carry out of tlie literal 
 to a Jiyurative. 
 
 Stn. Similitude. Image. 
 Ant. Letter. Literalness. 
 
 Metaphysical, adj. Meta- 
 physics, ^era to. ^vctikA, after 
 the Physics — which were first 
 treated by Aristotle; as, secondly, 
 Metaphysics, the science of 
 thought and conception, as dis- 
 tinct from the study of physical 
 or external objects. 
 
 Stn. Mental. Intellectual. Abstract. 
 Ideal. Conceptlonal. Subjective. Rela- 
 tional. Notional. Abstruse. Psychical. 
 
 Ant. Physical. Physiological. Pal- 
 pable. External. Substantial. Practical 
 Corporeal. Material. Objective. 
 
 MJKTK, V. tr. Metiri, to mea" 
 sure. 
 
 Stn. Measure. Apportion, Distribute 
 Ant. Misdeal. Misapportion. 
 
 Meteoric, adj. Like a meteor. 
 fiereapos, aerial. Used somo^ 
 times in the sense of the follow- 
 ing:— 
 
 Stn. Momentary. Flashing. Displosive. 
 Phosphorescent. Pyrotechnic. Coruscant 
 Volcanic. 
 
 Ant. Permanent. Beaming. Burning 
 Steady. Persistent. Enduring. 
 
 Method, n. Lat. methodus, 
 fifra, after, and Sdos, a way. 
 The word signifies, first, an 
 orderly or approved mode of 
 scientific inquiry after truth; 
 thence, order, as shown in treat- 
 ment, procedui-e, or arrange- 
 ment. 
 
 Stn. Order. System. Rule. Way. 
 Manner. Mode. Course. Proces.s. Regu- 
 larity. Arrangement. 
 
 Ant. Disorder. Conjecture. Empiricism. 
 Quackery. Experimentation. Assumption. 
 Guess-work. 
 
 Methodical, adj. See Me- 
 thod. 
 
 Methodize, v. tr. See Method. 
 To reduce to mental order or 
 method. Not used of things ex- 
 ternal to the mind. 
 
 Stn. Shape. Arrange. Order. Mar- 
 shal. Enucleate. Eliminate. Organiae. 
 
 Ant. Confuse. Jumble. Disorter. l)t» 
 organize. 
 
262 
 
 SynonyiUs and Antonyms. 
 
 MlCTTLE, n. Samo word as 
 Motal, Metallvin, a mine or 
 metal. The stuff of which a thing 
 is made ; the characteristic spirit. 
 Spirit emphatically. 
 
 Stn, Ardour. Spirit. Life. Fire. Ani- 
 mation. 
 
 Ant. Hebetude. Insensibility. Callous- 
 ness. Placidity. Stoicism. Cowardice. 
 Submissiveness. Slavishness. 
 
 Mettlesome, adj. See Mettle. 
 
 Mew, v. See Confine. From 
 rriutare, to change. To change 
 feathers, or moult as birds do, 
 and hawks in particular, which 
 during the process were confined 
 in cages called mews. The word 
 is still used in the plural, and 
 the sense of stables. 
 
 - Miasmatic. Miasma. Gr. 
 fjLiaiveiv, to infect. 
 
 Stn. ilfHuvious. Malarious. Fa-tid. 
 Polluted. Noxious. Mephltic. 
 
 Ant. Balmy. Pure. Untainted. Salu- 
 brious. 
 
 Middle, n. Lat. medius. See 
 Mean. 
 
 Middling, adj. See Middle 
 and Tolerable. 
 
 Midst, n. Contracted from 
 middest, the superlative of mid. 
 
 Stn. Middle. Centre. Thick. Throng. 
 Heart. 
 
 Ant. Outskirt. Confine. Edge. Limit. 
 Extreme. Purlieu. Margin, 
 
 Mien, n. Fr. mine. 
 
 Syn. Look. Aspect. Air. Manner. 
 Appearance. Carriage. Bearing. Deport- 
 ment. 
 
 Ant. Character. Disposition. Tempera- 
 ment. Constitution. Nature. Being. Per- 
 sonality. 
 
 Mioht, n. Sax. meahi, from 
 magan, to he able — the root of 
 may. 
 
 Stn. Strea^th. Force. Power. 
 Ant. Weakness. Infirmity. Feeble- 
 ness. 
 
 Mighty, ar?/. SeeMip^ht. Some- 
 times used also in the sense of 
 haughty. 
 
 Mild, adj. Sax. mitd. 
 
 Stn. Moderate. Lenient. Calm. GebllA 
 Genial. 'J'empered. 
 
 Ant Violent. Wild. Keroe. Savage 
 strong. Severe. Merciless. Harso. Bitter. 
 
 Military, adj. Lat. militaris, 
 miles, a soldier. See Martial. 
 
 MiLi TATE, V. int. See Military. 
 Used with the prep, against. 
 
 Stn. Contend. Conflict. Jar. Clash. 
 
 Ant. Harmonize. Agree. Suit. Coin- 
 cide. 
 
 Milky. Sax, from mekan, 
 Lat. mulgere, Gr. a/ieXyftv, to 
 milk. Having any or all of the 
 properties of milk. 
 
 Syn. White. Emulcent. Chalky 
 Ant. Inky. Irritant. Luteous. 
 
 MiNAOiTY, n. See Menace. 
 
 Minatory, adj. See Menace. 
 
 MiNCB, V. tr. Sax. minsian, 
 from minn, minor. To cut or 
 divide into lesser pieces. Used 
 metaphorically for to diminish, 
 as, the force of a statement. 
 
 Stn. Attenuate. Comminute. Palliate. 
 Extenuate. 
 
 Ant. Exaggerate. Amplify. Magnify. 
 
 Mincing, adj. See Mince. Said 
 of speech and manner. 
 
 Stn. Slow. Affected. Syllabical. Pe- 
 dantic. Euphuistic. 
 
 Ant. Rapid. Voluble. Unaflfected. 
 Natural. Bluff. 
 
 Mind, n. Sax. mynd, allied 
 to Lat. mens. 
 
 Stn. Soul. Spirit. Intellect. Under- 
 standing. Opinion. Sentiment. Judgment. 
 Belief. Choice. Inclination. Desire. Will. 
 Liking. Purpose. Spirit. Impetus. Me- 
 mory. Remembrance. Recollection. 
 
 Ant. Body. Limbs. Organization. Ac- 
 tion. Proceeding. Conduct. Object. In- 
 difference. Coolness. Aversion. Forget< 
 fulness. Obviousness. 
 
 Mindful, adj. See Mind. 
 
 Stn. Regardful. Attentive. Thoughtful 
 Careful. RecoUective. 
 
 Ant. Regardless. Inattentive. Mind 
 less. Oblivious. 
 
 Mingle, v. tr. and i7it. Sax 
 mengan. 
 
Syuoni/ms and Antoni/ins. 
 
 268 
 
 Nt*. Mix. Compound. Blend. Cou- 
 (uujid. Confuse. Intermingle. Associate. 
 Amalgamate. 
 
 Ajji. Separate. Segregate. Sift. Sort. 
 Analyze, Dlscompound. Eliminate. Clas- 
 ■ify. Unravel. Avoid. 
 
 Minimum, n. Lat. See Maxi- 
 mum. 
 
 Minion, n. Fr. mignon. 
 
 Syn. Favourite. Darling. Pet. 
 Ant. Antipathy. Horror. Aversion. 
 Bugbear. 
 
 MiNiSTEE, n. Lat. A servant. 
 
 SvN. Servant. Officer. Delegate. Offi- 
 cial. Ambassador. Subordinate. 
 
 Ant. Monarch. Government. Master. 
 Superior. Principal. Head. 
 
 Minister, v. int. See Minister, 
 n. Used with prep. to. 
 
 Syn. Attend. Subserve. Walt. Supply. 
 Ant. Lead. Rule. Command. Exact. 
 
 Ministry, n., Ministration, n. 
 See Minister. 
 
 Minor, adj. Lat. Less. 
 
 Syn. JjCss. Inferior. Junior. Younger. 
 Unimportant. 
 
 Ant. Major. Greater. Superior. Senior. 
 Elder. Main. Important. 
 
 Minute, adj. Lat. minutus, 
 part, of minuere, to diminish. 
 
 Stn. Diminutive. Microscopic. Tiny. 
 Exact. Searching. Specific. Detailed, 
 
 Ant. Monstrous. Enormous. Huge. 
 Inexact. Superficial. General. Broad. 
 Comprehensive. 
 
 Miraculous, adj'. Miracidum, 
 a miracle, from mirari,toiuonder. 
 Syn. Supernatural. Hyperphysical. 
 Ant. Ordinary. Natural. 
 
 Misacceptation, n. Prefix 
 mis, and acceptare, to accept. 
 
 Syn, Misunderstanding. Misinterpre- 
 tation. Misuse. 
 
 Ant. Acceptation. Meaning. 
 
 Misadventure, n. See Ad- 
 venture. 
 
 Stn. Failure. Mishap. Misfortune. 
 Ant, Success. Achievement, 
 
 MSANTHROPY, n. fiLcrelv, to 
 hate, avdpcoTTos, man. See Philan- 
 iliropy. 
 
 Misapply, v. tr. See itpply. 
 
 ]\IiSAPPRBHEND, V. tr. See Ap- 
 
 prehend. 
 
 Misappropriate, v. tr. Pre- 
 fix, mis, and proprius, one*s own 
 or peculiar. 
 
 Stn. Misassign. Purloin. Misdistribute. 
 Abuse. Misuse. 
 
 Ant. Assign. Distribute. Employ. 
 Use, 
 
 Misarrange, V. tr. See Ar- 
 range. 
 
 Misbecome, v. tr. See Become. 
 
 Misbehaviour, n. See Be- 
 haviour. 
 
 Misbelief, n. See Belief. 
 
 Miscalculate, v. tr. See Cal- 
 culate. 
 
 Miscall, v. tr. Prefix mis, 
 and call. 
 
 SvN. Misname. Misindicate. 
 Ant. Name. Call. Indicate, Denote. 
 Specify, Denominate, 
 
 Miscellany, n. Fr. Lat. 
 miscellaneus, from miscere, to 
 mingle. 
 
 Syn, Mixture. Intermixture. Jumble. 
 Medley. 
 
 Ant. System. Collection. Classification. 
 Assortment. Group. Selection. 
 
 Mischance, n. See Chance 
 and Misadventure. 
 
 Mischief, n. Old Fr. mescJief, 
 Lat. minus and caput. That 
 which lessens or damages the 
 head or life of a thing ; thence 
 transferred to the quality which 
 leads to purposed harm. 
 
 Stn. Damage. Hurt. Detriment. Dis- 
 service. Annoyance. Injury. Ill-turn. 
 
 Ant. Compensation. Good-turn. Bene- 
 fit. Favour. Gratification. Conversation. 
 
 Mischievous, adj. See Mis- 
 chief. 
 
 Stn. Detrimental Injurious. Spiteful. 
 Wanton. 
 
 Ant. Beneficial. Advantageous. Repa. 
 ratory. Conservative. CarefuL Protective. 
 
 ]\ilSCIBLE, adj. Miscere, to 
 mix. 
 
 Stn. Compoundable. A ma 1 tamable. 
 Ant Uo<x.mp<n\nii;ible. immiscible, 
 
2^d 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 adj. See Com 
 
 MiSOOMPUTK, 
 
 pute. 
 
 MiBOONOEivB. V. tr. See Con- 
 ceive. 
 
 MisooNDUOT, n. See Conduct, 
 v., and Misbehaviour. 
 
 MisooNJECTiJRB, n. -See Conjec- 
 ture. 
 
 Syn. Miscalculation. Missupposition. 
 Ant. Hit. Discovery. Ascertainment. 
 
 Misconstrue, v. tr. See Con- 
 strue. 
 
 Miscount, v. tr. See Count. 
 
 Miscreant, n. Old Fr. mes- 
 creant, Lat. minus credens, an in- 
 fidel or apostate. Thence, a term 
 of reproach generally. 
 
 Syn. See Rogue. 
 
 Misdeed, n. See Deed and 
 Crime. 
 
 Misdemeanoub, n. See De- 
 meanour and Felony. 
 
 Misdirect, v. tr. See Direct. 
 
 Misdoing, n. See Misdeed. 
 
 Misemploy, v. tr. See Em- 
 ploy. 
 
 Miser, n. Lat. miserable. One 
 who makes himself miserable in 
 his anxiety to hoard wealth. 
 
 Syn. Niggard. Cburl. Skinflint. Cur- 
 mndgcun. Screw. Scrimp. 
 
 Ant. Prodigal. Spendthrift. Eake. 
 
 Miserable, adj. Lat. misera- 
 hilis, miser. 
 
 Stn. Abject. Forlorn. Pitiable, 
 wretched. 
 
 Ant. Respectable. Worthy. Contented. 
 tl»ppy. Comfortable. 
 
 Miserly, adj. See Miser. 
 Misery, n. See Miserable. 
 
 Misestimate, v. tr. See Esti- 
 mate and Value. 
 
 Misfortune, n. Fortuna,for- 
 tiine. See Disaster and Misad- 
 \ enture. 
 
 MiSGlviNa, n. See Give. A 
 reluctance to give or repose trubt. 
 Sometimes, conversely, an impart- 
 ing of distrust, as, 'my heart 
 misgave me.* See Doubt and 
 Distrust. 
 
 Misgovern, v. tr. See Govern. 
 
 MisGUiDB, V. tr. See Guide. 
 
 Mishap, n. See Hap and Mis- 
 adventure. 
 
 Misinformation, n. See In- 
 form. 
 
 Misinstruction, n. See In- 
 struct. 
 
 Misintblligenoe, n. See In- 
 telligence. 
 
 Misinterpret, v. tr. See In- 
 terpret. 
 
 MisjoiNED. See Join and 
 Match. 
 
 Mislay, v. tr. See Lay and 
 Lose. 
 
 Mislead, v. tr. See Lead. 
 
 Mislike, v. tr. See Like. 
 
 Mismanage, v. tr. See Manage. 
 
 Mismatch, n. See Match. 
 
 Misname, v. tr. See Name, v. 
 
 Misnomer, n. See Name, n. 
 
 Mispersuade, v. tr. See Per- 
 suade. 
 
 Misplace, v. tr. See Place, v. 
 
 Mispronounce, v. tr. See Pro- 
 nounce. 
 
 M18PROPORTIONBD, adj. See 
 Proportion. 
 
 Syn. Ungainly. Misformed. Ill-shaped. 
 
 Ant. Well-proportioned. Elegant.' Har 
 
 monious. 
 
 Misquote, v. tr. See Quote. 
 MiSREOKON, V. tr. See Ptcckon. 
 MiSREPORT, n. See Eeport. 
 Misrepresent, v. tr. See Tlo- 
 present. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 265 
 
 Misrule n. See Eule. 
 Miss, v. ir. Mittere, missus, to 
 ]cse. See Lose and Meet. 
 Misshapen, adj. See Shapely. 
 
 IMissiLB, n. Mittere, to send. 
 
 SrN. Projectile. 
 
 Ant. Artillery. Hand-arms. Side-arms. 
 
 Mission, n. Missio. Lat. 
 mittere, missus, to send. 
 
 Stn. Commission. Trust. Office. Dele- 
 gation. Ministry. Embassy. Legalion. 
 I)< 
 
 Deputation, 
 
 Ant. Assumption, 
 appointment. 
 
 Missive, n. See Mission. 
 
 Stn, Communication. Despatch. 
 
 Usurpation. Self- 
 
 Mes- 
 
 Ant. See Message. 
 
 Misspend, v. tr. See Spend. 
 Misstate, v. tr. See State. 
 Misstatement, n. See State. 
 Mist, n. Sax. Used some- 
 times metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Fog. Obscurity. Bewilderment. 
 Perplexity. Haze. 
 
 Ant. Brightness. Clearness. Lucidity. 
 
 Mistake, n. See Take and 
 Error. 
 Misteach, v. tr. See Teach. 
 
 Mistranslate, v. tr. See 
 Translate. 
 
 Mistrust, v. tr. See Trust. 
 
 Misunderstanding, n. See 
 Understanding. 
 
 See Use. 
 See verb, 
 V. tr. 
 
 See Aggravate, 
 Lat. miscere. 
 
 Mitigare, 
 
 Misuse, v. 
 Misuse, n. 
 
 Mitigate, 
 
 mitts, gentle. 
 
 Mix, v. tr. 
 
 Syn. See Mingle. 
 
 Moan, v. tr. 
 Bewail. 
 
 Mob, n. Motile vulgus, 
 movable or fickle vrdgar. 
 Bevy. 
 
 Sax. moenan. See 
 
 the 
 See 
 
 Mobile, adj. See Mob. 
 
 Stn. Movable. Sensitive. Fickle. lo- 
 constant. Variable. Ductile. 
 
 Ant. Immovable. Inexorable. Un- 
 feeling. Unvarying. 
 
 Fr. moquer, to 
 
 Flount. Mimic. 
 Respect. Ad- 
 
 Mock, v. tr. 
 
 mock. 
 
 Stn. Jeer. Ridicule, 
 Insult. 
 
 Ant. Salute. Welcome, 
 mire. Compliment. 
 
 Mode, n. Lat. modus, manner. 
 See Method. 
 
 Model, w. Modulus, from mo- 
 dus, a measure. That by which 
 other things are to be measured. 
 
 Stk. Standard. Pattern. E.xample. 
 Type. Mould. Design. 
 
 Ant. Imitation. Copy. Production. 
 Execution, Work. 
 
 The word is sometimes used 
 in the sense of an imitative re- 
 presentation, as a model of a 
 palace, a fac-simile 
 
 Moderate, v. tr. Moderare, 
 to moderate, from modus, a mea- 
 sure. To keep within bounds or 
 control. 
 
 Stn. Control. IlegtUate. Repress. Go- 
 vern. Temper. 
 
 Ant. Disturb. Disorganize, Excite, 
 Misconduct. 
 
 Moderate, adj. See Moderate, 
 V. Kept within limits. 
 
 Stn. Limited. Temperate. Sparing, 
 Steady. Ordinary. 
 
 Ant. Extravagant. Intemperate. Ri. 
 gorous. Excessive. Violent. Extraor- 
 dinary. 
 
 Moderator, n. See Moderate, 
 V. One who moderates or regu- 
 lates common proceedings. 
 
 Stn. Chairman. Regulator. Conductor 
 Manager. 
 
 Ant. Disturber. Agitator. 
 
 Modern, adj. Lat. modemus, 
 from modo,just now. 
 
 Syn. Present. Existejit. Later. New, 
 New-fashioned. New.fangled. 
 
 Ant. Past. Bygone. Former. Anciisnt 
 Olden. Old-fashioned. Antiquated. Ofcftf>- 
 let€. 
 
2GC 
 
 l^ijnojii/ nls and Antonyms. 
 
 See 
 
 MoDiaBT, (idj. Mudestus 
 Moek and Modesty. 
 
 Modesty. Modestta, modus, a 
 limit. A refrainment of manner 
 proceeding from purity and hu- 
 mility. 
 
 Stn. Sobriety. Diffidence. Bashfulness. 
 Humility. Puremindedness. 
 
 Ant. Vanity. Conceit. Self-sufficiency. 
 Self-admiration. Foppery. Coxcombry. 
 Wantonness. Shamelessness. P.ffrontery. 
 
 Modification, n. Modus, a 
 
 Syn. Trouble. Disturb. Tease. aii!M\y 
 Irritate. 
 
 Ant. Soothe. Caress. Pacify A*juac[% 
 Pet MolUly. 
 
 Molestation, n. See Molest. 
 
 Mollify, v. tr. Mollis, soft, 
 and facere, to make. See Molest. 
 The former is used of persons 
 and feelings, the latter of pensons 
 only. 
 
 Moment, n. Momentum, mo- 
 
 limit. The altering so as to vimentum, moyere, to move. Each 
 
 bring within certain limits, or 
 qualify the general character, or 
 a natural variety of forin. 
 
 Syn, Alteration. Revision. Variation. 
 Qualification. Species. 
 
 Ant. Retention. Stereotype. Stabilita- 
 tion. 
 
 Modish, adj. Adopting the 
 present mode or fashion. See 
 Mode. 
 
 Stn. Fashionable. Stylish. Modem. 
 Ant. Unfashionable. Quaint Unstylish. 
 Gawky. Dowdy. 
 
 Modulation, v. Modtdari. 
 To vary by transitional changes 
 the harmonies of keys or modes 
 in music. 
 
 Syn. Harmonization. Harmonies. 
 Ant. Intonation. Rtcital. Monotone. 
 
 MoiifiTY, n. Medietas, from 
 medius, middle. See Half. 
 
 Moil, v. tr. Mollis, soft. To 
 discolour with damp, wet, or dirt. 
 But of. Goth, mail, macula. 
 
 Snr. Daub. Stain. Dirt. Muck. Soil, 
 Ant. Cleanse. Clean. Absterge. Purify. 
 
 Moist. Der. unknown. 
 
 Syn. Damp. Humid. 
 Ant. Arid. Dry. 
 
 Moisture, n. See Moist. 
 Molecule. Dim. of Moles, a 
 mass. 
 
 Syn. Atom Monad. 
 Ant. Body. Bulk. Organism. Com- 
 pound. Structure. 
 
 Molest, v. tr. Mdlestus, trcu- 
 hlesome , burdensome; moles, a 
 
 minute step in the onward ad- 
 vance of time. It retains also the 
 active idea of power to move; 
 hence weight, importance. 
 
 Syn. Instant Second. Twinkling 
 Trice. Weight. Force. Gravity. Jm. 
 portance. Avail 
 
 Ant. Age. Period. Century. Genera- 
 tion. Triviality. Insignificaiice. Worth- 
 lessness. Unimportance. Inefflcacy. 
 
 Monad, n. jxavos, single. An 
 indivisible atom. See Mole- 
 cule. 
 
 Monarch, v. fiovos, and dpxrj, 
 rule. A sole ruler. 
 
 Syn. King. Sovereign. Despot. Tyrant 
 Ant. Peer. Subject 
 
 Monarchical, adj. See Mo- 
 narch. 
 
 Syn. Kingly, lloyal. Despotic. 
 Ant. Republican. Democratic, Oli- 
 garchical. Autocratic. 
 
 Monastic, adj. See Monastery. 
 
 Syn. Conventual. Caenobitlcal. Regular. 
 Monkish. 
 
 Ant. Unconventual. Secular. Social 
 
 Monition. See Admonish. 
 
 Monitor, w. Monere, to advise. 
 
 Syn. Adviser. Instructor. Mentor. 
 Warner. 
 
 Ant. Misadviser. Misiiistructor. De- 
 ceiver. Misdirector. Back-friend. Seducer. 
 
 Monitory, adj. See Monitor. 
 
 Syn, Advisory. Hortatory. 
 Aht. Deceptive. Seductive. 
 
 Monkish, adj. Monachus, a 
 VI mk. See Monastic. 
 
 Monopoly. Movos, alone, and 
 
fl-toXeo), to sell. The exclusive 
 right of sale. Hence generally 
 an exclusive right of ahnost any 
 kind. 
 
 Syn. Privilege. Engrossment. Appro- 
 priation. Exclusiveness. Preoccupaiicy. 
 impropriation. 
 
 Akt. Participation. Partnership. Com- 
 munity. Competition, Free- trade. 
 
 Synonijms and Antonyms. 
 
 Agitate. 
 
 267 
 
 Monotheism, n. 
 ^609, ilie ivorship 
 God. 
 
 Syn. Deism. 
 
 Ant. Polytheism, 
 
 Monotony, n. 
 and Tovos, a tone. 
 
 flOVOS, 
 
 of one 
 
 and 
 
 only 
 
 Gr. fiovos, 
 Used meta- 
 phorically for wearisome same- 
 ness. 
 
 Syn. Sameness. Unvarylngness. Tedium. 
 Ant. Variation. Relief, Diversion. 
 
 Monster, n. Mon strum, mon- 
 strare, to sJww. Originally an 
 ominous appearance, applied to 
 things physically and persons 
 morally monstrous, or monere. ' 
 
 Syn. Prodigy. Portent. Marvel, De- 
 formity. Abnormity. Fright. Monstrosity. 
 Leviathan. Colossus. Fiend. Brute. 
 
 Akt. Beauty. Venus. Adonis, Nar- 
 cissus. Gem. Pet. Jewel, Angel, Augury. 
 Harbinger. 
 
 Monstrous, adj. See Monster. 
 
 Syn. Prodigious. Portentous. Mar- 
 vellous. Deformed, Abnormal, Hideous. 
 Preposterous. Intolerable. 
 
 Ant. Ordinary. Familiar. Unnoticeable. 
 Fair. Comely, Shapely, Regular, Na- 
 tural. Reasonable, Just, 
 
 Monument, n. Monere, to ad- 
 vise or remind. See Memorial, 
 
 Mood, n. Sax. m^d, Germ. 
 muth, mind. A temporary con- 
 dition of mind. 
 
 Syn. state. Temper. Humour. Feel- 
 ing. 
 
 Ant, Mind, Character, Disposition. 
 Nature. 
 
 Moody, adj. See Mood. In- 
 dulging in moods or a mood. 
 
 Stn. Sullen. Humoursome. Gloomy. 
 Akt. Blithe. Merry. Genial. Sociable 
 
 Moot, v. tr. Sax. mot, a meet- 
 ing w assembly. 
 
 Stn. 
 Argue. 
 
 Ant. 
 Shelve. 
 
 1CUS8. Ventilate 
 Suppress. Stifle. Butke. Hush. 
 
 Moral, adj. Lat. mores, morals. 
 Is used to mean appertaining to 
 moral things as distinguished 
 from physical, to the science of 
 morality, and, lastly, to the prac- 
 tice of it. 
 
 Sth. Mental. Ideal. Intellectual. Spi- 
 ritual. Ethical. Probable. Inferential, 
 Presumptive, Analogous, Virtuous. Well- 
 conducted. 
 
 Ant. Physical. Material. Practical. 
 Demonstrative. Mathematical, ImmoraL 
 Vicious. 
 
 Morbid, adj. Morhidus. Lat. 
 morbus, a disease. 
 
 Syn, Diseased. Unsound, Unhealthy. 
 Ant. Wholesome. Healthy, Sound, 
 
 Mordent, adj. Mordere, to 
 bite. 
 
 Stn. Biting, Keen. Pungent 
 Ant. Mellow. Mild. Soothing, 
 
 Morose, adj. Mos, maris. "Es- 
 pecially addicted to a habit, but 
 by usage to the particular habit 
 of sullenness. 
 
 Syn. Sullen, Austere, Moody, Crab- 
 bed. Surly, 
 
 Ant. Genial, Indulgent Kindly. 
 
 Morsel, n. Mordere, morsal, 
 to bite. Comp. Bit. See Bit. 
 
 Mortal, adj. Mortalis, mors, 
 death. 
 
 Syh. Human. Ephemeral. Sublunary. 
 Shortlived. Deadly, Fatal. 
 
 Ant, Divine. Immortal. Celestial. 
 Life giving. Venial, Salutiferous. Super- 
 ficial. 
 
 Mortality, n. See Mortal. 
 
 n. 
 V. tr. 
 
 and int. 
 to make, to 
 
 Mortify, 
 Mors, and facere 
 deaden. 
 
 Stn. Deaden, Subdue. Master. 
 I)l"Appoint, Annoy. Rot, Fester, 
 trefy. 
 
 Ant, Feed. Pamper, Indulge, 1 
 Gratify, Delight. •Satisfy. Heal, 
 cover. 
 
 Motion, n. Motio, move7'e. Sei 
 Movement. 
 
 Vex. 
 l*u- 
 
 Ite. 
 
26H 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 Motionless. ISee Motion and 
 Still. 
 
 Motive, n. Motivus, inducing 
 to movement or action, 
 
 Stn. liiducoment. Purpose. Design. 
 lYompting. Stimulus. Incitement. 
 
 Akt. Execution. Action. Effort. Deed. 
 Attempt Project. Preventive. Deterrent. 
 Dissuasive. 
 
 Motley, adj. Welsh. Parti- 
 coloured. 
 
 Stn. Parti-coloured. Variegated. Mixed. 
 Medley. Heterogeneous! 
 
 Ant. Uniform. Homogeneous. Alike. 
 Monochromatic. 
 
 Mottled, adj. See Motley 
 and Maculated. 
 
 Mould, v. tr. Fr. Moide, from 
 modulus, dim. of modus, a limit, 
 mode, or standard. 
 
 Syn. Fashion. Shape. Manipulate. 
 Form. Cast. Configure. 
 
 Ant, Distort. Strain. Pervert. Mis- 
 shape. 
 
 Mouldy, adj. Sax. molde, 
 mould, soil. 
 
 Syn. Green. Rusty. Fusty. Musty. | velope, 
 
 MuoH.ai'i/. Sax. 7nucel. 
 
 Stw. Abundant. Plenteous. Urtat]} 
 Abundantly. Far. 
 
 Ant. Little. Scant. Slightly. Short 
 Shortly. Near. 
 
 Mucilaginous, adj. Lat. Mud' 
 lago, mucus, mucilage. 
 
 Syn. Gelatinous. Albuminous. Creamy 
 Glairy. Viscous. I>entous. 
 
 Ant. Limpid. Crystalline. Bubblitg 
 Frothing. Foaming. Effervescent. Spark 
 ling. Spirituous. 
 
 Muddle, v. Mud. 
 
 Syn. Fail. Waste. Flitter away. Con- 
 fuse. Derange. Misarrange. 
 
 Ant. Clarify. Manage. Econoraizt. 
 Classify. Arrange. 
 
 Muddy, adj. Like mud, or 
 having mud. 
 
 Syh. l/.iteous. Swampy. Clayey. Tur- 
 bid. 
 
 Ant. Dry. Arid. Rocky. Arenaceous. 
 Sandy. Limpid. Pellucid. Ciystalline. 
 
 Muffle, v. tr. Low Germ. 
 muffe, a sleeve. To muffle in the 
 first instance the head in the 
 sleeve. 
 
 Stk, Enfold. Disguise. Conceal. En- 
 
 Over-ripe. 
 
 Ant. Fresh. Wholesome. Pure. Sweet. 
 Recent. 
 
 Mount, v. tr. and int. Fr. 
 monter, Lat. mans. See Ascend 
 and Climb. 
 
 Mourn, v. tr. and ird. Sax. 
 murnan. See Grieve and Bewail. 
 
 Mournful, adj. See Mourn. 
 
 Stn. Sad. Melancholy. Tearful. Dole- 
 ful, Depressing. Wailing. Lugubrious. 
 Ant, Joyous. Mirthful Exhilarating. 
 
 Movable, adj. Movere, to 
 move. See Stationary. 
 
 Move. Act. and neut. Lat. 
 movere. 
 
 Stn. Change. Go. Progress. Stir, 
 Affect, Agitate, Actuate. Impel. Pro- 
 pose, Advance. Propel. 
 
 Ant. Stand. Stop, Lie, Rest Stay. 
 Allay, Deter. Prevent Arrest With- 
 draw. 
 
 Movement n. See Move and 
 Motion. 
 
 Ant, Unmuffle, Unfold. Exhibit. Re- 
 veal. 
 
 Muggy, adj. Prov. Eng. mt/.g, 
 fog. 
 
 St». Foggy. Misty. Dank. Damp. 
 Murky. Dim, Vaporous. 
 Ant. Clear. Bright. Vapourless. 
 
 Mulct, n. Lat, nmlcter. 
 
 Stn. Amercement, Damages. Forfeiture. 
 Penalty, 
 
 Ant. Guerdon, Douceur. Bonus, Re- 
 ward. Premium, 
 
 Multifarious, adj. MuUus^ 
 many, and for,fari, to speak. 01. 
 many descriptions, 
 
 Stk. Various. Varied, Multigenous.. 
 Multitudinous. Multifold. Manifold, Alul- 
 tiform. 
 
 Ant. Single. Uniform, Unvaried. Un- 
 varying. Few. 
 
 Multifold, adj. See Multi- 
 farious. 
 
 Multiform, adj. Multut^ 
 many, and forma, a shape. Set 
 Multifarious. 
 
8ynonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 269 
 
 Multiplication, n. Midtus, 
 many, and pUcare, to fold. 
 
 Syn. riurality. Multiplicity. MuUi- 
 tudinoasness. Multifariousness. Multi- 
 tude. Repetition. Reiteration. Reproduc- 
 tion. Augmentation. Swarming. Teem- 
 ing. 
 
 Ant. Singularity. Unity. Scantiness. 
 Rarity. Diminution. Extinction. 
 
 MULTISONOUS, adj. MultuSy 
 many, and sonus, a sound. 
 Syn. Many-voiced. TunefuL 
 Ant. Unisonous. Monotonous. Droning. 
 
 Multitude, n. Lat. multitudo, 
 midtus, a collection of many. 
 
 SvN. Crowd. Swarm. Throng. Accu- 
 aiulation. Concourse. Number. 
 
 Ant. Paucity. Scantiness. Sprinkling. 
 
 Multitudinous, adj. See 
 Multitude and Multifarious. 
 
 MuMMKRY, n. Dutch, mom, 
 a mask. 
 
 Stn. Antics. Masquerade. Vagary. 
 Buffoonery. 
 
 A NT. Pageant Procession. Exhibition. 
 
 Mundane, adj. Lat. mundus, 
 the world. 
 
 Stn. Worldly. Secular. Temporal. 
 P^arthly. 
 
 Ant. Unworldly. Spiritual. Heavenly. 
 Ethereul. Supramundane. 
 
 Munificent, adj. Munus, a 
 (jift,facere, to make. 
 Syn. Liberal. Princely. 
 Ant. Niggardly. Beggarly. 
 
 Murky, adj. See Muggy. 
 Murmur, n. Lat. murmur. 
 
 Syn. Undertone. Whisper. Mutter. 
 G rumble. Complain t. 
 
 Ant. Clamour. Vociferation. Bawling. 
 Outcry. Defiance. Execration. Salutation. 
 Acclamation. 
 
 Murmuring. See Murmur. 
 Muscular. Muscle. 
 
 Syn. Powerful Brawny. Robust. Sinewy. 
 Ant. Debile. Flabby. Feeble. Lanky 
 
 Muss, V. int. A shorter form 
 of amuse. 
 
 Sra. Reflect. Ponder. Cogitate. Dream. 
 AiiT. Stir. Act. Move. 
 
 Musical, adj. Music. Gr. 
 tiovcriKrf, the art of music. 
 
 Syn. Melodious, llaimonious. Dulcet, 
 Concordant. 
 
 Ant. Unmelodious. Inharnionioos. 
 Harsh. Discordant. 
 
 Muster. Old Eng. 
 
 Syn. Marshal. Collect. Assemble. 
 Rally. Enroll. 
 
 Ant. Dismiss. Disperse. Relegate. Re- 
 mit. Disband. 
 
 Musty, adj. Must, unfei- 
 mented wine. Having the smell 
 of wine in an old cask. 
 
 Syn. Fusty. Rank. Mouldy. Frowzy 
 Ant. Fragrant. Fresh. Balmy. Aro- 
 matic. Odorous. 
 
 Mutable, adj. Lat. mutabilia, 
 mutare, to change. 
 
 Syn. Changeable. Changeful. Mobile 
 Transient. Ephemeral. 
 
 Ant. Unchanging. Permanent. Im- 
 mutable. Persistent. Changeless. 
 
 Mutation, n. See Mutable 
 and Change. 
 
 Mute, adj. Lat. mutus. 
 
 Syn. Silent Speechless. Dumb. Taci- 
 turn. Voiceless. Still. Death-like. 
 
 Ant. Chattering. Talkative. Garrulous. 
 Ixjquacious. Vocal. Tuueful. Loud. 
 
 Mutilate, v. tr. Lat. muti' 
 lave. See Maim. 
 
 Mutter, v. tr. and int. Prov. 
 Germ, muttem. 
 
 Syn. Murmur. Mumble. 
 Ant. Enunciate. Exclaim. Pronounce. 
 Vociferate. 
 
 Mutual, adj. Lat. mutuus. 
 
 Syn. Reciprocal Common. Inter' 
 changeable. 
 
 Ant. Ooe-slded. Unreciprocated, Un- 
 mutual. 
 
 Muzzle, v. tr. Fr. museau. 
 
 Syn. Silence. Burke. Restrain. Gag 
 Stop. 
 
 Ant. Release. Liberate. Open. Un- 
 muzzle. Free. 
 
 Mysterious, adj. Mystery. 
 
 Gr. fiVCTTrjpiOV. 
 
 Syn. Dim. Obscure. Unrevealed. Un- 
 explained. Unaccountable. Reserved 
 V^eiled. 
 
 Ant. Clear. Plain. Obvious. Explained 
 Understood. Easy. Explainable. Siuiplc 
 Frank. Conimunicitive. 
 
270 
 
 Si/nonyms and Antomjim, 
 
 Mystery, n. Sec Mysterious. 
 
 SvN. Knigma. Puzzle. Obscurity. So- 
 trecy. Veil. Shroud. Arcanum. 
 
 AiT. Publication. Solution. Common- 
 place. Truism. Matter-of-fact. 
 
 Mystic, Gr. ^ivcttikos. 
 
 Syn. Mysterious. Cabalistic. Magical. 
 
 Ant. Plain. Matter-of-fact. Eveiy-day. 
 Familiar. Commonplace. Obvious. House- 
 hold. 
 
 Mystify, v. tr. See Mystic. 
 
 Syn. Confuse. Bamboozle. Hoodwink. 
 Puzzle. Confound. Mislead. Obfuscate. 
 
 Ant. Illumine. Enlighten. Inform. 
 Guide. 
 
 Myth, n. Gr. iivOos, a fable, 
 or veiled truth. 
 
 Syn. Fable. Legend. Supposition. Fabri- 
 cation. 
 
 Ant. Fact. History. Narrative. 
 
 Mythological, adj. fivdos, a 
 fable, and Xdyop, an account. 
 See Myth. 
 
 N. 
 
 Nacreous, adj. Fr. nacre, 
 mother of pearl. See Iridescent. 
 Naked, adf. Sax. nacod. 
 
 SrN. Nude. Bare. Unclothed. Un- 
 firaped. Defenceless. Destitute. Unquali- 
 3ed. Uncoloured. Unvarnished. Mere. 
 Simple. 
 
 Ant. Dressed. Robed. Draped. Muffled. 
 I'rotected. Qualified. Dressed. Veiled. 
 Shrouded, Coloured. Varnished. 
 
 Name, n. Lat. nomen, a name. 
 Sax. nama, Gr. ovoyia. 
 
 Syn. Designation. Cognomenation. Ap- 
 pellation, Title. Fame. Reputation. Au- 
 thority. Appointment. Stead. Represeu- 
 tation. 
 
 Ant. Namelessness. Anonymousness. 
 Misnomer. Pseudonym. Obscurity. In- 
 gloriousness. Disrepute. Individuality. 
 Person. 
 
 Name, v. See noun, 
 
 Syn. Specify. Designate. Call. Indi- 
 cate. 
 
 Ant. Misname. Miscall. Misdesignate. 
 iVfisindicate. Hint. SuggesU Shadow. 
 Adumbrate. 
 
 Nabbate, V. tr. Lat. narrare. 
 
 Stn. Recite, Tell. Report. Detail, 
 ijrr. Suppress. Conceal Blink. Mi«- 
 
 rcpoit. Mlsrcpicsent Misrclalc. Mli 
 state. 
 
 Narration, n., Narrator, h. 
 See Narrate. 
 
 Narrow, adj. A. S. nearu. 
 Conn, with Near. 
 
 Syn. straight. Straightened. Slender. 
 Thin. £^>are. Contracted. limited. CrampecS, 
 Pinched. Scant. Close. Scrutiniz ng. 
 Near. Bigoted. Niggardly. Tight. 
 
 Ant. Wide. Broad. Ample. Thick, 
 Expanded. Easy. Liberal. 
 
 Nascent, adj. Nasci, to he 
 horn or grow. 
 
 Syn. Youthful. Rising. Green. In. 
 cipieut. Embryo. Rudimental, Budding. 
 
 Ant. Mature. Aged, Contirmcd. De- 
 veloped. Grown. 
 
 Nasty, adj. Prov. Eng. nasi, 
 meaning dirt. 
 
 Syn. Foul. Offensive. Odious. Dis- 
 agreeable. Indelicate. 
 
 Ant. Nice. Pleasant. Sweet. Savoury 
 Agreeable. Pure. 
 
 Native, adj. Lat. nativus, 
 nc^ci, natus, to he born. 
 
 'Syn. Indigenous, Home, Exported 
 Artless. Natural. Proper, Suitable. Con- 
 genital. 
 
 Ant. Foreign, Imported. Exotic. 
 Alien. Artificial, Acquired, Assumed. 
 Affected. 
 
 Natural, adj. Lat. natura, 
 nature. 
 
 Syn. Intrinsic. Essential. Regular. 
 Normal. Cosmical. True. Probable. Con- 
 sistent. Spontaneous. Artless. 
 
 Ant. Ascititious, Adventitious. Ab- 
 normal. Monstrous. Unnatural, Ficii- 
 tious. Improbable, Unsupposable, Forced, 
 Artful. Affected. 
 
 Nature, n. Lat. natura. 
 
 Syn. Essence. Creation. Constitution. 
 Structure. Disposition. Truth. Regularity. 
 Kind. Sort, Character, Species. Affec- 
 tion. Naturalness. 
 
 Ant, Thing. Object, Subject Man. 
 Being. Creature. Monstrosity. Unnatural- 
 uess. Art. Fiction. Romance, invention. 
 
 Naught, n. Sax. Neg. of 
 aught for anywhat. 
 
 Syn. Nothing. 
 
 Ant. Aught. Anything. Kverythlng, 
 
 Naughty, adj. See Naught. 
 As in kindred words the formt^ 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 271 
 
 Hon of worth or good implies 
 actual evil. 
 
 SvN. Worthless. Vile. Corrupt. Bad. 
 Fro ward. 
 
 Ant. Worthy. Good. Precious. Pure. 
 Docile. Tractable. WeL-behaved. 
 
 Nausea, n. Gr. vavs, a sldp. 
 Sea-sickness ; hence generally a 
 feeling /of loathing. 
 
 Si'N. Loathing. Disgust. Abomination. 
 Ant, Taste. Ilelish. Enjoyment. 
 
 Nautical, adj. See Nansea 
 and Marine. 
 
 Near, adj. Sax. neara, nigher. 
 
 SvN. ^'igh. Close. Adjacent. Neigh- 
 bouring. (Sometimes used in the sense of 
 Parsimonious.) 
 
 Ant. Far, Distant. Ptemote. 
 
 Nearly, adv. See Near. 
 
 SvN. Almost. Closely. Approximately. 
 Ant. Quite. Entirely. Distantly. Re- 
 motely. 
 
 Necessary, adj. Lat. neces- 
 sarius. 
 
 Syn. Certain. Inevitable. Indispensable. 
 Requisite. Essential. Ccmpulsory. 
 
 Ant. Contingent. Casual, Optional, 
 Discretional, Unnecessary. Unessential. 
 Free, 
 
 Necessity, n. Lat. necessUas. 
 
 Syk, Indispensableness. Inevitableness. 
 Need. Indigence. Requirement. Want. 
 Fate. Destiny. 
 
 Ant. Dispensableness. Uncertainty. 
 Superfluity. Uselessness. Competence, 
 Affluence. Casualty, Contingency. Free- 
 dom, Choice, 
 
 Need, n. Sax. nead. See 
 Necessity, 
 
 Needful, adj. See Need and 
 Necessary. 
 
 Needless, adj'. See Need. 
 
 Syn. Unnecessary. Useless. Super- 
 fluous. Gratuitous. 
 
 Ant. Needful. Useful. Helpful. Obli- 
 gatory. 
 
 Nefarious, adj. Lat. nefas, 
 wickedness. See Atrocious. 
 
 Negation, n. Lat. negare, to 
 deny. See Assert. 
 
 Nbgativ^, adj. See Negation. 
 
 SvN. Denying. I'rivative- IMsclaimiig 
 Indirect. 
 
 Ant. Assertive, AttributivD, Positive. 
 Direct, 
 
 Neglect, v. t7\ Lat. negllgere, 
 from ne, for not, and legere, to 
 pick up or gather. 
 
 Syn. Slight. Overlook. Omit. Disre 
 gard. Disesteem. Despise. Contemn. 
 
 Ant. Consider. Respect. Notice. Ol>- 
 serve. Regard. Esteem. Tend. Attend, 
 Foster. Study. 
 
 Neglect, n. See verb. 
 
 Negotiate, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 negotium, a matter of business. 
 
 Syn. Transact, f^ffect. Pass. Perform. 
 
 Ant. Mismanage. Misconduct Quash, 
 Stop, 
 
 Neighbourly, adj. Neigh- 
 bour. Nigh boor, one who dwells 
 in the country near to aiiother. 
 See Sociable. 
 
 Nerve, n. Lat. nervus. See 
 Courage. 
 
 Nervous, adj. See Nerve. 
 Means both having nerve, that is, 
 strength or vigour, especially as 
 applied to style of writing or 
 speaking, and possessing weak- 
 ness of nerves, that is, timid. See 
 Vigorous and Timid. 
 
 Nettle, v. Sax, netele, from 
 the plant so named. See In- 
 cense. 
 
 Neutral, adj. Lat. neider, 
 neither. Keeping aloof in feeling 
 and action from two contending 
 parties or two opposite opinions ; 
 also sometimes Used in the sense 
 of not belonging to either of twc 
 classes. 
 
 Syn. Uninterfering, Impartial. Indif- 
 ferent. Negative, Unavowed. 
 
 Ant. Partial, Interested. Interfenug. 
 Active. Positive. Declared. Avowed. 
 
 Neutrality, n. See Neutral. 
 Neutralize, v. tr. See Neu- 
 tral. To destroy the agency of 
 
272 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 opposed properties, qualities, or 
 forces. 
 
 Sy». Countciact. Compensate. Counter- 
 balance. Counterpoise. Countervail. 
 Ajjt, Aggravate. Enhance. Intensify. 
 
 New, adf. Lat. novus. 
 
 SvN. Novel. Kecent. Fresh. Modem. 
 Ant. Old. Ancient. Antiqne. Anti- 
 quated. Obsolete. 
 
 Newfangled, adj. Sax. fan- 
 yn, to take, anfang, an under- 
 taking. Used in a depreciatory 
 way. 
 
 SvN. Upstart. New-light. Iiniovating. 
 Strange. 0<.ld. Fantastic. Novel. 
 
 Ant. Venerable. Tinio-honoured. Es- 
 tablished. Ancient. Old. Old-fashioned. 
 
 Nibble, v. tr. Nib. Some- 
 thing small and pointed ; to bite, 
 as fish. Used metaphorically. 
 
 SrN. Carp. CaviL Peck. Object. De- 
 mur. 
 
 Ant. Accept. Eulogize. Command. 
 Endorse. Allow. 
 
 Nice, adj. Lat. nescius, igno- 
 rant. A nice man at the first 
 was one simple and ignorant of 
 the world's ways; he abstained 
 from silliness and ignorance, or 
 knowing too little; afterwards 
 from fastidiousness, as knowing 
 too mnch. It has also been trans- 
 ferred to express that quality 
 about which we should be apt to 
 be nice. 
 
 Syn. Fastidious. Scrupulous. Accurate, 
 Neat. Discerning. Dainty. Plttvsant 
 Agreeable. Exact. Fine. Finished. 
 
 Ant. Coarse. Unscrupulous. Inaccurate. 
 Rude. Rough. Undiscriminatimg. Nasty. 
 Nauseous. Disagreeable. 
 
 Nicety, n. See Nice. 
 
 Niggard, n. Scandin. See 
 Miser. 
 
 Niggardly, adj. See Liberal. 
 
 Nimble, adj. Sax. nemol, ca- 
 pable, from niman, to catch. The 
 word has abandoned the mental 
 for the physical idea of capacity. 
 See Agile. 
 
 Nobility, n. Lat. nobilis. Ap- 
 plicable to birth and character. 
 
 Syn. Distinction Dignity. Rank. 
 Peerage. Lordship. Loftiness. Generosity. 
 
 AuT. Obscurity. Meanness. Common- 
 alty. Serfdom. Paltriness. Contemptible- 
 ness. Plebeianism. 
 
 Noble, adj. See Nobility. 
 
 Syn. Grand. Aristocratic. Generous, 
 Honourable. Fine. 
 
 Ant. Mean. Plebeian. Ignoble. Paltry. 
 
 Nobody, n. See Cipher. 
 
 Nocturnal, adj. Nocturnus, 
 nox, night. 
 
 Syn. Nightly. Dark. Gloomy. Tene 
 brose. 
 
 Ant. Diurnal. Light. Brilliant Solar 
 
 Nodosity, n. Lat. nodus, a 
 knot or lump. 
 
 Syn. Protuberance. Protuberousnes*. 
 Knottine§s. Tuberosity. Lumpiuess. 
 
 Ant. Planeness. Evenness. Smooth- 
 ness. Polish. Levigation. 
 
 Noise, n. Lat. nocere, to hurt. 
 Has almost, though not entirely, 
 retained its original meaning of 
 a noxious or disagreeable sound, 
 of the human voice or otherwise. 
 
 Stn. Sound. Clamour. Rattle. Din. 
 Ant. Note. Voice. Music. Melotly 
 Silence. Stillness. Voicelessness. Hush, 
 
 Noiseless, adj. See Noise and 
 Silent. 
 
 Noisome, adj. Old Fr. noisir, 
 from Lat. nocere, to hurt. 
 
 Syn. HurtfuL Harmful. Nocuous. 
 Pestilential. 
 
 Ant. AVholesome. Salutary. Salu 
 brious. BeneflciaL 
 
 Noisy, adj. See Noise. 
 
 Syn. Loud. Clamorous. Stunnmg. 
 
 Ant. Still. Soft. Inaudible. Whisper- 
 ing. Soothing. Musical. IVIelodious. Har- 
 monious. Tuneful. Subdued. Gentle. 
 
 Nomad, adj. Gr. vojxds, from 
 voyLos, a pasture, from j/e/xto, to 
 tend. 
 
 Syn. Pastoral. Vagrant. Arab. Scythian. 
 Roving. Migratory 
 
 Ant. Fixed. Unwanderiiig. Agrirul- 
 tural. Unroving. Urban, 
 
 Nominal, adJ, Lat. nonien, a 
 
Synonyms^ and Anionynu. 
 
 27g 
 
 m/me. tertainiiig to a name, or 
 existing only in name. The 
 latter is the ordinary meaning in 
 parlance. 
 
 Stk. Trifling Suppositious. Ostensible. 
 Professed. Pretended. Formal. 
 
 Ant. Real. Deep. Serious. • Important. 
 Grave. Substantial. Actual. Intrinsic. 
 Veritable. Essential 
 
 Nominate, v. tr. See Nominal. 
 To specify or appoint by name. 
 
 Syn. Name. Specify. Appoint. Indi- 
 vidualize. Define. Invest. Present. 
 
 Ant. Suggest. Indicate. Conjecture. 
 Describe. Recal. Deprive. Cancel. With- 
 draw. Divert. 
 
 NoNSENSB, n. Lat. non, and 
 sensus, sense. 
 
 Sra. Absurdity. Trash. Folly, Pre- 
 tence. Jest. 
 
 Ant. Sense. Wisdom. Truth. Fact. 
 Gravity. Philosophy. Science, Reason. 
 
 NoBMALj adj. Lat. norma, a 
 rule. 
 
 Stn. Kegular. Typical. Usual. Re- 
 cognized. Natural. Ordinarj'. 
 
 Ant. Abnormal. Irregular. Unnatural. 
 Exceptional. Monstrous. 
 
 Notable, adf. Lat. notdbilis, 
 not are, nota, to note. See Ee- 
 markable. 
 
 NoTiCB^w. Lat. notitia. See 
 Notable. 
 
 Stn. Observation. CJogoizance. Keed. 
 Advice. News. Consideratiou. Visitation, 
 Mark. Note. 
 
 Ant. 0versi<;ht. Disregard. Misinfor- 
 mation. Mistidiugs. Neglect. Slight. 
 Connivance. Ignorance. Incognizance. 
 Heedlessness. Amnesty. Omission. 
 
 Notify, v. tr. Notns, known, 
 and facer e, to make. Used of the 
 subject and the person; when 
 the latter the prep, of is used — to 
 notify a person of a fact. 
 
 Si'N. Intimate. Declare. Announce. 
 Ant. Suppress. Withhold. Conceal. 
 l\.isreport. 
 
 Notion, n. Lat. notio. A 
 conception, strictly of something 
 abstract, as, an idea of something 
 visible ; sc, an idea of a man, a 
 notion of hnmanity. This is not 
 
 strictly enough adhered to in 
 parlance. 
 
 SvN. Apprehension. Idea. Conception. 
 Judgment. Opinion. Belief. Expectation. 
 
 Ant. Misapprehension. Misconception 
 Misbelief. Mi.sjudgmeut. Frustration. Falsi- 
 iicivliun. 
 
 NoTORiETy. n. Lat. notorius, 
 from notus. 
 
 Stn. Publicity. Vogue. Rq)ute. Cele- 
 brity. Knowledge. Certainty. 
 
 Ant. Pilvacy. Secrecy. Concealment 
 Obscuiity. Mysteiy. Suspicion. Riunour 
 Whisper. 
 
 Notorious, adj. See Noto- 
 riety. 
 
 Stn. Known. Undisputed. Recognized. 
 Allowed. 
 
 Ant. Suspected. Reported, Reputed. 
 
 Nourish, v. tr. Fr. nourri-" 
 Lat. mitrirr. 
 
 Stn. Nurture. Feed. Foster, Cherish. 
 Nurse. Tend. 
 
 Ant. Starve. BlighU Destroy. Kill. 
 Wither. 
 
 Nourishment, n. See Nou- 
 rishment and Aliment. 
 
 Novel, adj. Novellus, from 
 7iuoas, new. See Ncw-fangled. 
 
 Novice, n. Lat. novitius, fron 
 noous, new. . See Tyro. 
 
 Noxious, adj. Noxius, from 
 noxa, harm. See Noisome. 
 
 Ntjdity, n. Lat. nuditas, 
 
 nudns, naked. 
 
 Sjtm. Nakedness. Bareness. Exposure. 
 Akt. Clothing. Drapery. Investment. 
 
 Dress. 
 
 Nugatory, adj. Lat. nugcc, 
 
 trijies. 
 
 Syn. Trifling. Vain. Inoperative. In- 
 effectual. 
 
 Ant. Grave. Serious. Important. Po- 
 tent. P^fflcacious. Momentous. Successful. 
 Satisfactory. ' 
 
 Nuisance, n. Lat. nocere, to 
 hurt or he obnoxious. 
 
 Sin. Offence. Annoyance. Plague 
 Trouble. 
 
 Ant. Gratification. Blessing. Pleajiare. 
 Delight Benefit. 
 
 Nullify, v. tr. Nid.lus, rmr^ 
 
274 
 
 ^ynomjms and Anionifnit^ 
 
 atid/acrre, io mul-e. To tnakc of 
 no effect, or to caiiso that none 
 shall be affected. 
 
 StN. Abrogate. Neutralize. Cancel. 
 Abolish. Extinguish. 
 
 Ant. Confirm. Perpetuate. Re-enact 
 Stabilitate. Establish. Cherish. 
 
 NuMBBti, V. tr. Ijat. nume- 
 raire, ^ee Count. 
 
 Numberless, adj. See Num- 
 ber. 
 
 Stn. Countless. Innumerable. Infi- 
 nite. 
 
 Aht. Few. Scarce. Rare. 
 
 Numbness, n. Old Eng. 7iinnh, 
 Sax. m man, to take or seize. The 
 inability, through cold, to take 
 hold with the fingers, implying 
 insensibility. Used metaphori- 
 cally of moral considerations. 
 
 Stn. Hebetude. Callousness, insensi- 
 bility. 
 
 Akt. Acuteness. Sensibility. Liveli- 
 ness. Sensitiveness. 
 
 Numerous, adj. Lat. nume- 
 ral, a number. See Many. 
 Nurse, v. See Nourish. 
 Nursery, n. See Nurse. 
 
 Stn. Seed-plot. Seminary. Plantation. 
 School. 
 
 Ant. World. Life. Education. Pro- 
 fession. 
 
 Nurture, v. See Nourish. 
 Nutriment, n. See Nurture. 
 
 Stn. Aliment. Food. Sustenance. Nou- 
 rishment. Replenishment. Sustentation. 
 
 Akt. Starvation. Languishment. De- 
 cay. Inanition, Exhaustion. Poison. De- 
 triment. 
 
 Nutrition, n. The process 
 of imparting nourishment. See 
 1\ utriment. 
 
 Stn. Alimentation. Sustentation. Feed- 
 ing. 
 
 Ant, Exhaustion. Starvation. Inanl- 
 
 o. 
 
 Oaf, n . Apparently connected 
 \vith auf and eJf, meaning fairy. 
 A foolish babe left by a Vairy as 
 a changeling. See Booby. 
 
 Obdurate, adj. Lat. oh Afid 
 durus, hard. 
 
 STN. Hardened. Obstinate. Stubborn. 
 Impenitent. Reprobate. 
 
 Ant. Softened. Flexible. Tender. 
 Teachable. Yielding. Penitent Docile 
 Amenable. 
 
 Obedience, n. Lat. ohedien- 
 tia, ob(^dire, to obey. 
 
 Stn. Submission. Compliance. Subser- 
 vience. Submission. 
 
 Ant. Resistance. Rebellion. Violation, 
 Transgression. Antagonism. Disobedience. 
 
 Obedient, adj. See Obedience. 
 
 Obesity, n. Obedere, obesus, to 
 eat away. Eeflexively, the re- 
 sult' of continual eating. See 
 Fat. 
 
 Obey, v. tr. See Obedience. 
 
 Object, n. Objicere, objectus. 
 Something cast or projected so 
 as to be a matter of observation 
 or design. 
 
 Stn, Appearance, Sight. Design. End 
 Aim. 
 
 Ant. Idea. Notion. Conception. Fancy. 
 Subject. Proposal. Purpose. Effort 
 
 Objective, adj. See Object. 
 
 Syn. Extrinsic. Concrete. External. 
 Ant. Intrinsic. Abstract. Notional, 
 Subjective. 
 
 Objurgate, v. tr. and int. 
 Lat. objurgare, jurgare, to quarrel 
 or scold. To remonstrate con- 
 tumeliously. See Scold. 
 
 Oblation, n. Lat, off err e, ob- 
 latus, io offer. 
 
 Syn. Offering. Presentment. Gift. 
 
 Ant. Spoliation, Saciilcge. Withhold- 
 ing. Resumption. Refusal. Negation. 
 
 Obligation, n. OUigare, to 
 bind. 
 
 SvN. Duty. Necessity. Compulsion, 
 Contract. Bond, Covenant Behoof. 
 
 Ant. Piomise. Word. Choice. Free- 
 dom. Ai-suraiice, Declaration, Intention 
 Exemption. 
 
 Oblige, v. tr. See Obligation. 
 Has the two senses of exercising 
 compulsion and of placing under 
 the moral force of gratitude. 
 
/^ijiiofij/ins and AnionyniS. 
 
 *275 
 
 Sl>i^. Compel. Coeic€. Necessitate. Force, 
 lienefit. Favour. Accommodate. Gratify. 
 
 Ant. Release. Acquit. Induce. Per- 
 guade. Annoy. Disoblige. 
 
 Obliging, adj. See Obliga- 
 tion. 
 
 Stk. Kind. Considerate. Compliant. 
 Complaisant. Accommodating. 
 
 Ant. Discourteous. Rude. Cross- 
 p-ained. Perverse. Unaccommodating. 
 Disobliging. 
 
 Oblique, adj. Lat. ohUguus. 
 
 Sin. Divergent. Diagonal. Lateral, 
 Angular. 
 
 Ant. Straight. Rectilineal Forward. 
 
 Obliterate, v. tr. Oh and 
 Utera, a letter. See Efface. 
 
 Oblivion, n. Lat. dblivio, db- 
 livisci, to forget. 
 
 Syn. Forgetfulness. Disremembrance. 
 
 Ant. Remembrance. Recollection. Me- 
 mory. Reminiscence. Commemoration. 
 Celebration. 
 
 Obloquy, n. Lat. ohloqui, to 
 speak against. 
 
 Syn. Censure. Blame. Defamation. 
 Contumely. Reproach. 
 
 Ant. Praise. Panegyric. Acclamation. 
 Encomium. 
 
 Obmutescbnce, n. Oh and 
 mutus, dumb. Dumbness from 
 stupidity or amazement. 
 
 Syn. Dumbness. Bewilderment Amaze- 
 ment. 
 
 Ant. Eloquence. Self-possession. Self- 
 assertion. Effrontery. 
 
 Obnoxious, adj. Oh and 
 noxius, hurtful. Eeflexively used 
 also of persons amenable to some 
 unfavourable influence. 
 
 Syn. Odious. Detrimental. Perni- 
 cious. Amenable. Liable. 
 
 Ant. Pleasant. GratefuL Wholesome. 
 Salutary. Beneficial. Unamenable. In- 
 dependent. Exempt. 
 
 Obscene, adf. Lat. ohscenus. 
 
 Syn. Impure. Immodest. Indecent. 
 Ant. Pure. Modest. Decent. 
 
 Obscure, adj'. Lat. ohscurus. 
 Used literally and metapho- 
 rically. 
 
 Stn. Dark. Dim. Lowering. Indis- 
 tinct. Enigmatical. Uncertain. Doubtful. 
 Un»wertained, llumble. MeaE 
 
 Ant. Brigbt. Luminous. Diftiuct Lu- 
 cid. I'lain. Plain-spoken. Intelligible. 
 Unarabiguous. AscerUiined. Emitient. 
 Prominent. 
 
 Obsequious, adj. Ohsequium^ 
 ohseqtd. A ready following upon 
 the known or expressed will of 
 another, with a tendency to ex- 
 cess. 
 
 Syn. Submissive. Servile. Deferential. 
 Cringing. Sycophantic Flattering. 
 
 Ant. Insubmissive. Independent Arro- 
 gant. Self-assertive. Impudent. 
 
 Observance, n. Lat. ohser- 
 vantia. 
 
 Syn, Attention. Fulfilment. Respect. 
 Celebration. Performance. Ceremony. Cus- 
 tom. Form, Rule. 
 
 Ant. Inobservance. Inattention. Breach. 
 Disrespect, l^isregard. Desuetude. Disuse. 
 Non-perfonnance. Informality, Uncere • 
 moniousness. Omission. 
 
 Observant, adj. Lat. ohser- 
 
 vare, to ohserve. 
 
 Stn. RegardfuL Attentive. Mindful 
 Obedient. 
 
 Ant. Disregard ful. Neglectful. Un- 
 mindful Disobedient. Heedless. 
 
 Observation, n. See Observ- 
 ance. 
 
 Syn. Contemplation. Study. Remark. 
 Attention. Notice. Comment. 
 
 Amt. Disregard. Oversight. Inadvert- 
 ence. Inattention. Silence. Ignorance. 
 
 Obsolete, adj. Lat. oh and 
 solere, to he accustomed. 
 
 Syn. Antiquated. Past, Effete, Dis- 
 used. Archaic. 
 
 Ant. Fashionable. Modern. Current. 
 Customary. Operative. Extant. 
 
 Obstacle, n. Lat. ohstare, to 
 stand in the way. 
 
 SvN. Impediment. Obstruction. Hin- 
 drance. Objection. Bar. 
 
 Ant. Course. Proceeding. Career. Ad- 
 vancement. 
 
 Obstinate, adj. Lat. ohsti- 
 nare (a form of ohstare, to stand 
 in the way), to persist in. 
 
 Syn. Headstrong. Stubborn. Refrac- 
 tory. Self-willed. Pertinacious, Ohnlurato. 
 
 Ant. Amenable. Complaisant. Yielding. 
 Docile. Ductile. Characterless, Irresolute. 
 Wavering. 
 
 Obstinacy, n. See Ol^tinatct. 
 
276 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 OBSTRBPKiiotJS, adj. Lat. oh 
 and strepere, to make a noise. 
 
 Stn, Noisy, Uproarious. Clamorous. 
 Rattling. 
 
 Ant. Subdued Quiet Noiseless. In- 
 oostreperons. 
 
 Obstruct, v. tr. Ohstruere, 
 structus. To lay down or build 
 something against, or in the way 
 of another. Applied to persons 
 and proceedings. 
 
 Stn. Bar. Block, Choke. Hinder, Im- 
 pede. 
 
 Ant. Open. Clear. Pave, Facilitate, 
 Expedite. Further. Advance. Promote. 
 Accelerate. Aid. 
 
 Obstruction, n. See Obstruct. 
 
 Obtain, v. tr. Lat. oUinere. 
 See Acquire. 
 
 Obtestation, w. Testari, to 
 •'all upon solem7ili/, and, as it were, 
 9fore witnesses. 
 
 Stn, Entreaty. Supplication. Ac^uration, 
 Ant, Abjuration. Deprecation. Defiance, 
 
 Obtrude, act. and neut. Ob- 
 trudere, to thrust forward. 
 
 Srw. Force, Thrust. Interfere.. Intrude, 
 Ant. buggesL. Insinuate, Retire, Wlth- 
 Iraw. 
 
 Obtuse, adj. Lat. ohtundere, 
 tusuSy to blunt the end of a thing ; 
 to deprive it of point or sharpness. 
 
 Stn. Dull. Stupid. Unintelligent. 
 Stolid, 
 
 Aht. Acute. Clever. Intelligent. Quick. 
 Sharp. 
 
 Obumbbatb, V. tr. Ob and 
 umbra, a shade. To throw a 
 8hade, or darken. 
 
 Stn. Shade. Overshadow. Darken. 
 Ant. Lighten. Illumine. Elucidate. 
 
 Obverse, adj. Obversus, ver- 
 ier e, to turn. Turned towards 
 the spectator. 
 
 Stw, Opposite. Facing. 
 AuT. Hinder. Reverse. 
 
 '^wviatb, V. tr. Ob and via, a 
 yt*wr,. To lay down something 
 in the road by way of opposition, 
 and so intercept S'^e ri-(3vent. 
 
 Obvious, adj. See Obviate. 
 Standing, as it were, in the 
 middle of the road. 
 
 Stn. Plain. Self-evident Manlfeet 
 Explicit. Apparent 
 
 Ant. Remote. Obscure, Far-fetched. 
 Involved. Latent. 
 
 Occasion, n. Lat. occasio, a 
 befalling, ob and cadere, casus, to 
 fall 
 
 Stn. Conjuncture. Opportunity. Occur- 
 rence. Cause. 
 
 Ant, Untimeliness, Unseasonablcness 
 Frustration. 
 
 Occasionally, adv. See Oc- 
 casion. 
 
 Stn. Sometimes, Casually. Rarely. 
 Ant. Always, Regularly. Constantly 
 Frequently. 
 
 Occult, adj". Lat. occultus, 
 occulere, to cx)ver up. 
 
 Stn. Latent Hidden. Unrevealed. 
 Mysterious, Secret. 
 
 Ant. Developed. Plain. Patent. Clear. 
 Familiar. Exposed. Open. 
 
 Occupancy, n. Occupare, to 
 occupy. 
 
 Stn, Possession. Enjoyment, Tenure, 
 Ant, Ejection. Eviction, Disposses- 
 sion, 
 
 OCCUP.VNT, n. See Occupancy. 
 
 Syn. Owner. Resident Proprietor. 
 Tenant, 
 
 Ant, Foreigner. Stranger. Visitor, In- 
 truder. Usurper. 
 
 Occupation, n. See Occu- 
 pancy. 
 
 Syn. Employment Avocation. Pas- 
 time, Possession, Usurpation. Encroach- 
 ment. 
 
 Ant, Idleness. Vacancy. Leisure. 
 Abandonment. Vacation. Resignation, 
 
 Occupier, n. See Occupant. 
 
 Occur, v. int. Occurrere, to 
 run counter, or cmifront in the 
 course of things. 
 
 Stn. BefalL Happen. Betide. Supervene. 
 
 Ant. Pass. Threaten. Impend, 
 
 Ocular, adj. Lat. oculus, the 
 eye. Of the eyesight. 
 
 Stn. Visible. Demonstrable. Palpable 
 
 Ant. Inferential. Auricular. Hearsay 
 
 Circninstantial. Deductive. Cunstructive. 
 
Synomj]ns and Antonyms. 
 
 211 
 
 Odd, udj. Swedish and Welsh. 
 
 Sv». Aloue. Sole. Unmatched. Re- 
 maining. Over. Fragmentary. Uneven. 
 Singular. Peculiar. Queer. Quaint. Fan- 
 tastical. 
 
 Ant. Aggregate, Consociate. Matched. 
 Balanced. Squared. Integrant. Even. 
 Common. Usual. Regular. Normal. 
 
 Odious, adj. Odium., hatred. 
 
 Syh. HatefuL Offensive. Detestable. 
 Abominable. 
 
 AuT. Delectable. Grateful. Accept- 
 able. Pleasant. 
 
 Odium, n. Lat. 
 
 Srx. Hatred. Offeasiveness. Dislike. 
 Invidiousness. Jealousy. Unpopularity. 
 Grudge. 
 
 Ant. Love. Tastefulness. Acceptable- 
 ncss. Popularity. Ungrudgingness. Wel- 
 come. 
 
 Offal, n. Off and fall. See 
 Cream. 
 
 Offend, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 offeadere. 
 
 Syn. Displease. Affront. Err. Fall. 
 Ant. Conciliate. Gratify. Please. 
 
 Offence, n. See Offend. 
 
 Syn. Attack. Transgression. Crime. 
 Misdemeanour. 
 
 Airr. Defence. Innocence. GuiltlcssneeB. 
 
 Offensive, adj. See Offend. 
 
 Syn. Aggressive. Obnoxious. Distaste- 
 ful. Displeasing. Foul. Fetid. Un- 
 savoury. 
 
 Ant. Defensive. Grateful. Pleasant. 
 Savoury. 
 
 Offer, v. tr. Lat. qferre. 
 
 Syn. Propose. Exhibit. Proffer. Pre- 
 sent. Tender. 
 
 Ant. Withhold. Withdraw. Retract. 
 Retain. Alienate. Divert. 
 
 OfferIxNG, n. See Offer and 
 Oblation. 
 Office, n. Lat. officium. 
 
 Syn. Service. Duty. Appointment. 
 Function. 
 
 Ant. Leisure. "Vacancy. Resignation. 
 Sinecure. 
 
 Officer, n. See OflSce. One 
 who holds an office. 
 
 Stk. Official. Functionary. Conductor. 
 Director. Administrator. Manager. 
 
 Ant. Member. Servant. Private. Sine- 
 TOrist. 
 
 Official, n. See Officer. 
 
 Official, m/> ^ee Officer. 
 Appertaining to office. 
 
 Syn. Administrative. Authoritativ«, 
 Negotiative. FunctionaL Professional. 
 
 Am. Private. UnofiBlciaL Unprofea< 
 sional. 
 
 Officiate, v. int. See Officer. 
 
 Syn. Act. Serve. Perform. 
 Ant. Retire. Witness. 
 
 Officious, adj. See Officer. 
 Over-ready to undertake an 
 office. 
 
 Syn. Meddling. Interfering. Pushing. 
 Forward. Intrusive. 
 
 Ant. Backward. Negligent Remiss. 
 Unofficious. Retiring. Modest. Back* 
 ward. 
 
 Often, adj. Sax. oft. 
 
 Syn. Frequently. Repeatedly. 
 Ant. Infrequently. Seldom. 
 
 Old, adj. Sax. aid. 
 
 Syn. Aged. Pribtine. Ix)ng-8tauding. 
 Ancient. Preceding. Antiquated. Obso- 
 lete. 
 
 Ant. Youthful. Young. Recent. Fresh. 
 Modem. Subsequent. New-fashioned. 
 Current. 
 
 Oleaginous, adj. Lat. oka, 
 the olive. 
 
 Syn. oily. Unctuous. Pinguetudinous. 
 Ant. Harsh. Dry. Sour. Acid. Mois- 
 lureless. 
 
 Obhnous, adj. Lat. mnen. 
 Now used only in the unfavour- 
 able sense. 
 
 Syn. Portentous. Suggestive. Threat- 
 ening. Foreboding. I'remonitory. Unpro- 
 pitious. 
 
 Ant. Auspicious. Propitioog. Encou- 
 raging. 
 
 Omission, n. Lat. omittere, 
 to leave out. Used both of the 
 act of omitting and the thing 
 omitted. 
 
 Syn. Oversight. Exclusion. 
 
 Ant. Attenticn. Insertion. Notice. 
 
 Oneness, n. Lat. one, itnus. 
 See Unity. 
 
 Onerous, adj. Lat. emus, erla 
 a hurden. 
 
 Syn. Burdensome. I'oilsome. Heavy 
 Responsible. Oppresaive. I^aborious. Ojte- 
 rose. 
 
 Airr. Light. Easy 'IriviaL Inop 
 pre^sive. 
 
278 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Onset, «. On and set. Lat. 
 sedere. See Attack. 
 
 Onslaught, n. Sax. onslagan, 
 to dash upon. See Onset. 
 
 Onwabd, adv. and adj. On 
 and ward, the termination of 
 direction. 
 
 Snf. Forward. Ahead. 
 
 Ant. Backward. Astern. Aback. 
 
 OozM, V. int. Sax. ivos, juice. 
 
 Stn. Distil. Drop. Drip. Percolate. 
 Perspire. Sweat Drain. Leak. 
 
 Ant. Pour. Rush. Flow. Stream. Disgorge. 
 
 Opaque, adj. Lat. opacus. 
 See Transparent. 
 
 Open, v. act. and neut. Sax. 
 openian. 
 
 Syn. Unclose. Lay open. Lay bare. 
 Expose. Explain. Disclose. Initiate. Be- 
 gin. Commence. 
 
 Ant. Close. Shut up. Cover. Conceal. 
 Inclose. Mystify. Misinterpret. Conclude. 
 
 Open, adj. See Open, verb. 
 
 Snsf. Accessible. Free. Available. Un- 
 closed. Candid. Frank. Ingenuous. Un- 
 settled. Undetermined. 
 
 Ant. Inaccessible. Closed. Barred. 
 Unavailable. Shut. Close. Secretive. 
 Reserved. Settled. Determined. 
 
 Opening, n. See Open, verb. 
 
 Stn. Aperture. Gap. Opportunity. 
 Space. Commencement. Initiation. Start. 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Ant. Occlusion. Obstruction. Stop- 
 gap. Unreasonableness. Contretemps. In- 
 opportuneness. Enclosure. Termination. 
 Close. End. Conclusion. 
 
 Operate, v. act. and neut. 
 Operari, opus, to work. 
 • Syn. Act. Work. Produce. Effect. 
 Ant. Cease. Rest. Fail. Misoperate. 
 
 Operation, n. See Operate. 
 
 Syn. Agency. Action. Exercise. Pro- 
 duction. Influence. 
 
 Ant. Cessation. Inaction. Rest. In- 
 operativeness. Inefficacy. Inefficiency. 
 Misoperation. 
 
 Operative, adj. See Operate. 
 
 Syn. Active. EfBcacious. 
 Ant. Inefiacacious. Inoperative. 
 
 Operose, adj. Operosus. See 
 Operate. 
 
 Syn. Oneroua Laborious. Burdensome. 
 T^oqf. We§r«»«»e- Toiisonie. 
 
 Ant. Light. Unburdensoruo. Sttniulalr 
 ing. Refreshing. 
 
 Opine, v. inf. Lat. opinart. 
 To think or have an opinion. 
 
 Syn. Think. Believe. Conjecture 
 Suppose. Judge, Surmise. 
 
 Ant. Know. Ascertain. Verify 
 
 Opinion, n. See Opine. 
 
 Opinion ATIVE, adj. See Opine. 
 Apt to rest too much on one's 
 own opinion. 
 
 Syn. Dictatorial. Dogmatical. . Self- 
 conceited. Oracular. 
 
 Ant. Modest. Diffident. Inquiring. 
 Vacillating. Cautious. Undemonstrative. 
 
 Opponent, adj. Opponere, to 
 place against. See Adversely. 
 
 Opportune, adj. Lat. ojjpor- 
 tunus. Ob and portus, a harbour. 
 As timely as a port in stress of 
 weather. 
 
 Syn. Timely. Seasonable. Apjiropriate. 
 Felicitous. 
 
 Ant. Inopportune. Untimely. Unsea- 
 sonable. Infelicitous. 
 
 Opportunity, n. Sec Oppor- 
 tune. 
 
 Syn. Occasion. Turn. Opening. 
 Ant. Inopportuneness. Uiiseasonable- 
 ness. Lapse. Omission. Contretemps. 
 
 Oppose, v. tr. Lat. opponere, 
 oppositus. 
 
 Syn. "Withstand. Resist. Match. Ob- 
 struct. Confront. Oppugn. Bar. Hinder. 
 
 Ant. Aid. Abet. Back. Support. 
 Advance. Expedite. 
 
 Opposite, adj. See Oppose. 
 
 Syn. Facing. Adverse. Repugnant. 
 Inconsistent. Irrecoiicileable. Contrary. 
 Contradictory. 
 
 Ant. Agreeing. Coincident. Consen- 
 taneous. 
 
 Oppress, v. tr. Lat. ojipri- 
 mere, pressus. 
 
 Stn. Burden. Grind. "Weigh down. 
 Persecute. Aggrieve. Maltreat. Abuse. 
 
 Ant. Encourage. Support. Patroniso. 
 Assist Befriend. 
 
 Oppression, n. See Oppress. 
 Option, n. Lat. optio, optare^ 
 to wish or choose. 
 
 Syn. Discretion. C|io}ce. Pfef?r«s^«?§b 
 
 Peljberatloi). 
 
 V 
 
Sijnonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 279 
 
 Ant. Obligation. Necessity. Burden. 
 Uoutpulsion. 
 
 Opulence, n. Lat. opulenUa, 
 oj>es, resovrces. 
 
 Stn. Wealth. Affluence. Ttiches. 
 Ant. Poverty. Indigence. Impecu- 
 
 aiosity. 
 
 Oracular, adj. Lat. oracu- 
 lum. Used of an authoritative 
 way of giving opinions. 
 
 Stn. See Opinionative. 
 
 Oral, adj. Lat. Os, oris, the 
 mouth. 
 
 Stn. Unwritten. Traditional. Vocal. 
 Ant. Written. Documentary. 
 
 Obbit, n. Lat. orlita, orhis, 
 an orb. 
 
 Srir. Revolution.' Path. Circuit. Sphere. 
 Ant. Eccentricity. Deviation. Pertur- 
 bation. 
 
 Ordain, v. tr. Ordinare, ordo, 
 to order. 
 
 Syn. Set. Appoint. Decree. Institute. 
 Establish. 
 
 Akt. Subvert. Revoke. Cancel. Annul. 
 Disestablish. Countermand. 
 
 Ordeal, n. Sax. orddl. Germ. 
 urtheilen, to pass sentence or di- 
 vide judgment. The plunging 
 of the arm into boiling water, 
 and the walking barefoot over 
 hot ploughshares, were the cus- 
 tomary ordeals of England. 
 Sometimes the accused was 
 thrown into deep water. If he 
 escaped unhurt, in the former 
 cases, or sank without effort to 
 swim, in the latter, he was es- 
 teemed innocent. The word is 
 used generally for a severe test. 
 
 Stn. Test. Trial. Probation. Experiment. 
 Akt. Argument. Plea. Discussion. In- 
 vestigation. Evidence. 
 
 Order, n. Lat. ordo. 
 
 Syn. Arrangement. Condition. Se- 
 quence. Direction. Rank. Grade. 
 
 Ant. Disarrangement. Confusion. Un- 
 eetilement. Inversion. Execution. Disorder. 
 
 Orderly, adj. See Order. 
 
 Syh. Regular. Equable. Pfaceabla 
 Ant. Irregular. Disorderly. Riotous. 
 
 0fiPIN4|TC^, n. See Or4ain. 
 
 Stn. statute. Institute. Decree. Iaw. 
 Ant, Custom. Usage. Prescription. 
 
 Ordinary, adj. See Ordain 
 and Usual, 
 
 Organize, v. tr. Gr. opyavov, 
 an instrximtnt. To arrange the 
 compound parts of a thing for 
 an ulterior purpose. 
 
 Syn. Shape. Adjust. Constitute. 
 Frame. 
 
 Ant. Distort. Break up. AnnuL Dis- 
 organize. Dismember. Disband. 
 
 Orifice, n. Lat. orificmm, os, 
 oris, a mouth. 
 
 Stn. Aperture. Perforation. Mouth. 
 Bung. 
 
 Ant. Obstruction. Stopper. Plug, Im- 
 perforation. 
 
 Origin, n. Lat. origo. 
 
 Stn. Source. Commencement. Spring. 
 Cause. Derivation. 
 
 Ant. Termination. Conclusion. Ex- 
 tinction. 
 
 Original, adj. See Origin. 
 
 Syn. Primary. Initiatory. Primordial. 
 Ancient. Former. 
 
 Ant. Subsequent. Terminal. Modern. 
 Later. Derivative. 
 
 Originate, act. and neut. See 
 Origin. 
 
 Stn. Commence. Spring, Rise. Start 
 Initiate, Invent, 
 
 Ant. Prosecute. Conduct, Apply, 
 
 Ornament, n. Lat. ornarncn- 
 turn. 
 
 Syn, Decoration. P'mbellishment. 
 Ant. Disgrace. Brand, Disfigurement. 
 
 Ornate, adj. Lat, oimatus, 
 omare, to adorn. 
 
 Stn. Decorated, Embellished,, Rich. 
 High-wrought. 
 
 Ant. Plain. Chaste. Nude. Naked 
 Bare. Bald. 
 
 Orthodox, adj. Gr. dpOr] fio|a., 
 the right or true opinion. 
 Syn. Correct. Sound. True. 
 Ant. Heretical. Unorthodox. 
 
 Ostensible, adj. Lat. osten- 
 dere, to show. Now used in the 
 sense of avowed, with the implied 
 possibility of the avowed i*- case 
 not being the xetil owe. 
 
280 
 
 Synonyms and Antomjms. 
 
 Sth. Avowed. Pretended. Declared. 
 Outward. Professed. 
 
 Ant. Real, Genuine. Concealed. Un- 
 pretended. ActuaL Veritable. 
 
 Ostentation, n. Lat. osten- 
 tare, freq. of ostendere, to show. 
 
 Sts. Show. Parade. Display. Flou- 
 rish. 
 
 Ant. Reserve. Retirement. Modesty. 
 Concealment. Unobtrusiveness. Quiet. 
 Diffidence. 
 
 Ostracism, n. Gr. oarpaKov, 
 a shell or tile, on which the name 
 of the Athenian citizen was 
 written, against whom a vote of 
 banishment was given. 
 
 SxN. Banishment Expulsion. Black- 
 ball. 
 
 Ant. Admittance. Enlistment Out- 
 voting. 
 
 Oust, v. tr. Old Fr. oster. 
 
 S™. Eject. Dispossess. Deprive. Evict. 
 Aht. Instal. Reinstate. Readmit Re- 
 Btore. 
 
 Outbreak, n . Out and break. 
 
 SxN. Outburst. Tumult Commotion. 
 Insurrection. Rebellion. Ebullition. 
 
 Ant. Subsidence. Pacification. Quel- 
 ling. Quiet. Order. Cooling. 
 
 Outcry, n. Out and cry. 
 
 Stn. Clamour. Tumult Denunciation. 
 Ant. Acclamation. Plaudit 
 
 Outlandish, adj. Out and 
 land. 
 
 Syn. Strange. Queer. Grotesque. 
 Foreign. 
 
 Ant. Fashionable. Modish. Native. 
 
 Outline, n. Out and line. 
 
 Sts. Delineation. Sketch. Contour. 
 
 Ant. Form. Substance. Flj^re. Ob- 
 ject Subject Field. Ground. Bulk. 
 Space. 
 
 Outrage, n. Not, as would be 
 perhaps supposed, from out and 
 rage, but from a Low Latin 
 word, uUragium, from ultra, be- 
 yond. An act transgressing due 
 bounds. 
 
 Stn. Outbreak. Offence. Wantonness. 
 Mischiet Abuse. EbulUtlon. 
 
 AifT. Moderation- Self-control. Self- 
 restraint Subsidence. Coolness. Calm- 
 
 Outraqeous, adj. S<-e Out' 
 rage. 
 
 Stn. Excessive. Unwarrantable. Uq« 
 Justifiable. Wanton. Atrocious. Ne- 
 farious. 
 
 Akt, Moderate. Justifiable. Reason- 
 able. 
 
 Outset, n. Out and set. 
 
 SvN. Opening. Start. Commencement 
 Exordium. Beginning. Inauguration. Pre- 
 face. 
 
 Ant. Close. Termination. Conclusion. 
 Peroration. 
 
 Outshine, v. tr. Out and 
 shine. 
 
 SrN. Surpass. Eclipse. Overshadow. 
 Ant. Foil. Relieve. Back. 
 
 Outskirts, w. Out and skirt 
 
 Sra. Border. Outpost Purlieu. Envi 
 rons. Precincts. 
 
 Ant. Interior. Centre. Bulk. Body 
 Mass. Heart 
 
 Outspoken, adj. Out and 
 spoken. 
 
 Sts. Plain. Frank. Unreserved. Can- 
 did. 
 
 Amp. Mysterious. EnigmaticaL Re- 
 served. Taciturn. Secretive. Uncom- 
 municative. 
 
 Outspread, adj. Out and 
 spread. 
 
 Sts. Expanded. Unfolded. Wrapped. 
 Patent Dispread. Open. Outstretched. 
 
 Ant. Folded. Contracted. Closed. Furled. 
 Collapsed. 
 
 Outstanding, adj. Out and 
 standing. 
 
 Stn. Unappropriated. Uncollected. 
 Ungathered. 
 
 Ant. Appropriated. Collected. Gathered. 
 
 Outstep, v. tr. Out and step. 
 
 Syn. Exceed. Transgress. Outstrip. 
 Outwalk. 
 
 Ant. Observe. Regard. Accompany 
 Attend. 
 
 Outstretched, adj. Out and 
 stretched. See Outspread. 
 
 Outstrip, v. tr. Out and strip. 
 See Strip. 
 
 Syn. Surpass. Beat Distance. Eclipse 
 Ant. Follow. Succeed. 
 
 Outvie, v. tr. Out and vje 
 ■sw Vie aj^d "Eclipse, 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 281 
 
 Outward, adj. Out and ward. 
 Sax. Termmation of direction. 
 
 Syn. External. Apparent. Visible. 
 Sensible. Superficial. Ostensible Forth- 
 coming. 
 
 Art. Internal. Intrinsic. Withdrawn. 
 Inapparent. Inward. 
 
 Outweigh, v. ir. Out and 
 weigh. See Preponderate. 
 
 Outwit, v. tr. Out and wit, 
 meaning Imowledge. See Cir- 
 cumvent. 
 
 Outwork, rt. Out and work. 
 
 Syn, Screen. Abattis. Propugnation. 
 Fortification. Escarpment. 
 
 Ant. Stand. Position. Ground. Centre. 
 
 Ovation, n. Ovts, a sheep, 
 granted in sacrifice to the ancient 
 Roman general who had acliieved 
 a victory short of triumphal ho- 
 nours. See Triumph. 
 
 Overawe, v. tr. Over and 
 awe. See Browbeat. 
 
 Overbalance, v. tr. See Ba- 
 lance. 
 
 Overbearing, adj. Over and 
 bearing, in the sense of de- 
 meanour. See Arrogance. 
 
 Overcast, adj. Over and cast 
 (with clouds). 
 
 Syn. Cloudy. Nubllous. Lowering. 
 Murky. 
 
 Akt. Cloudless. Clear. Luminous. 
 Azure. 
 
 Overcharge, v. tr. See Charge 
 and Exaggerate. 
 
 Overcome, v. tr. Over and 
 come. See Conquer. 
 
 Overestimate, v. tr. Over 
 and estimate. Lat. wstimare. 
 See Disparage. 
 
 Overflow, ??. Over and flow. 
 Lat. fluere. 
 
 Syn. Redundancy. Exuberance. Super- 
 ■ibundance. 
 
 jInt. Deficiency. Exhaustion. Subsi- 
 tence. 
 
 OviBRLOop, V. tr. Over and 
 
 look. To survey without at- 
 tention or minute observation, 
 and that purposely, especially as 
 regards what is amiss. 
 
 St». Condone. Connive. Disregard. 
 Ant. Visit. Scrutinize. Investigate 
 Mark. 
 
 Overpower, v. tr. Over and 
 power, from Fr. pouvoir, to hi 
 able. See Master. 
 
 Overreach, v. tr. See Cir- 
 cumvent. 
 
 Oversight, w. Over and sight. 
 As to overlook implies a pur- 
 posed, so oversight is an acci- 
 dental disregard. 
 
 Stn. Error. Omission. Mistake. Slip. 
 Ant. Scrutiny. Correction. Knicndti- 
 tion. Attention. Mark. Notice, 
 
 Overt, adj. Fr. ouvert, from 
 the Lat. aperire, to open. 
 
 Syn. Deliberate. Public. Open. 
 Avowed. ^ 
 
 Ant. Covert. Secret. Implied. Clan- 
 destine. Furtive. 
 
 Overthrow, v. tr. Over and 
 throw. Applies to matters ma- 
 terial and logical. 
 
 Stn. Destroy. Subvert, Upset. Over- 
 turn. Ruin. Demolish. 
 
 Ant. Restore. Reinstate. Construct. 
 Regenerate, Redintegrate. Revive. Re- 
 edify. 
 
 Overture, n. See Overt. 
 
 The root meaning of this word 
 is an opening or commencement, 
 as, the first piece or prelude of 
 an opera — the first proceeding 
 or advance between negotiating 
 parties. 
 
 Sy». Prelude. Advance. Proposal. Offer. 
 Invitation. Lead. Initiation. 
 
 Ant. Inaction. Undemonstrativencss. 
 (Quiescence. 
 
 Overturn, v. tr. Over and 
 turn. See Overthrow. 
 
 Overwhelm, v. tr. Over and 
 Sax. whelm, to cover. Forwelman. 
 
 Syn. Cinsh. Quell. Extinguish. Drown 
 
 Ant. Raise. Reinvigorate. Reins tAi9 
 Re-ostablish. F^escue. ii>tri«ite. 
 
282 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 OwB. Ang. Sax. agan, to have or 
 jyosscss. Had originally the sense 
 of own, the old English owen. In 
 time, to the idea of possession 
 was added that of responsibility 
 (or the ground and conditions of 
 possession) to some other, by 
 vii-tne of what we owned or had 
 received. 
 
 SyN; Borrow. Hypothecate. Attribute. 
 Ant. Requite. Repay. Liquidate. Defray. 
 
 Own, v. tr. See Owe. To 
 declare one's self the possessor 
 of anything, as, property, an 
 opinion, &c. 
 
 Stn. Possess. H'jld. Acknowledge. 
 Avow. 
 
 Ant. Alienate. Forfeit. Lose. Dis- 
 claim. Disavow. Disinherit. Disown. Ab- 
 jure. Abandon. 
 
 P. 
 
 Pabular, adj. Lat. pahulum, 
 food. Appertaining to, or aflEbrd- 
 ing food. 
 
 Stn. Esculent. Nutritious. Comestible. 
 Alimeiital. 
 
 A>T. Uneatable. Innutritious. 
 
 Pacific. Lat. pacificus. Tend- 
 ing to or characterized by peace 
 or peacefulness. 
 
 Stn. Conciliatory. Mild. Appeasing. 
 Calm. Tranquil. Peaceful. 
 
 Ant. Unconciliatory. Harsh. Quarrel- 
 some. Exasperating. Irritating. Turbu- 
 lent. Noisy. Tumultuous. Warlike. 
 
 Pacification, n. See Pacific. 
 
 Pacify, v. tr. See Pacific. 
 
 Applied to feelings and persons. 
 
 Sin. Appease. Conciliate. Calm. Still. 
 Quiet. Tranquillize. 
 
 Ant. Exasperate. Agitate. Excite. 
 Irritate. Rouse. Provoke. 
 
 Pack, v. tr. and int. Germ. 
 packen. To stow, or to admit of 
 being conveniently stowed. Used 
 ftlgo ill the sense of unfairly collo- 
 cating to bring about a certain 
 eo4i Qs, a * pac|e4 meeting.' 
 
 Stn. Stow. Compact Compress. Co*>)t 
 Ant. Unpack. Unsettle. Jumble. Dis- 
 place. Misarrange. Dissipate. Neutraliae. 
 
 Pact, n. Lat. 2^<^<^ium, from 
 pacisci, to make a bargain. 
 
 Stn. Agreement. Bargain. Covenant. 
 Ijcague. Bond. Alliance. Stipulation. 
 
 Ant. Understanding. Promise. Parole. 
 Honour. 
 
 P.ffiAN. Lat. and Gr. Origi- 
 nally a hymn in honour of Apollo, 
 as the healer. A jubilant hymn 
 generally. 
 
 Stn. Jubilation. Te De»m. AUcluiah. 
 Ant. Dirge. Miserere. Threnody. Jere- 
 miade. 
 
 Pagan, n. Lat. paganns, a 
 villager, remote in early Chris- 
 tian times from the influence of 
 Christianity as centred in tho 
 cities. 
 
 Stn. Heathen. Idolater. Gentile. 
 Ant. Believer. Christian. 
 
 Pagan, adj. See noun. 
 
 Paganism, n. See Pagan. 
 
 Pageant, n. Lat. pagina, a 
 fixture, scaffold, or archival/. 
 
 Stn. Pomp. Procession. Ceremony. 
 Display. Spectacle. Show. 
 
 Ant. Dream. Illusion. Phantasma- 
 goria. Mockery. 
 
 Pageantry, n. See Pageant. 
 
 Pain, n. Lat. poena, penalty, 
 mental and hodily. 
 
 Syn. Penalty. Suffering. Distress. Un- 
 easiness. Grief. (Labour. Effort. In the 
 pi. Pains.) Anguish. Torture. 
 
 Ant. Reward. Remuneration. Ease. 
 Gratification. Joy. Pleasure. Felicity 
 Relief. Alleviation. Enjoyment. Delight. 
 
 Pain, v. tr. See noun. 
 
 Stn. Hurt. Grieve. Afflict, Torment 
 Rack. Agonize. Trouble. Torture. Ag- 
 grieve. Annoy. 
 
 Ant. Gratify. Please. Delight Re- 
 joice. Charm. Relieve. Ease. Refresh. 
 
 Painful, adj. See verb. 
 Painfully, adv. See Pain. 
 Paint, v. tr. Lat. pingere. 
 Used literally and ipetapfion- 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 283 
 
 J*TN Colour. Tingo. Tint, Portray. 
 Represent. Pcliueate. Depict. Sketch. 
 
 Ant. Daub. Caricature. Mirfportray. 
 Misrepresent. Misdclineate. Misdepict. 
 
 Pale, adj. Lat. palUdus. 
 
 Stn, Pallid. Wan, Faint. Dim. Un- 
 defined. Etiolated, Sallow. 
 
 Ant. lluddy. High-coloured, Con- 
 spicuous, Deep. 
 
 Pall, v. tr. and int. Fr, palle. 
 
 Syn. Blunt, Dispirit. Satiate, Cloy. 
 Ant. Quicken. Sharpen. Inspirit. 
 Whet. 
 
 Palliate, v. tr. Lat. pallium, 
 a doak. To throw a cloak over, 
 and no hide. 
 
 Stn, Cloak. Cover. Conceal. Ex- 
 tenuate. Mitigate. Soften. 
 
 Ant. Expose. Denounce. Exaggerate, 
 Aggravate. Magnify. 
 
 Palm. Lat. palma. A branch 
 of palm being borne as a symbol 
 of victory or success. 
 
 Syn, Trophy, Prize. Crown. Laurels. 
 Bays, 
 
 Ant. Brand. Stigma. Shame. Blot 
 
 Palmy, adj. See Palm. 
 
 Stn, Prosperous. Glorious. Distin- 
 guished. Victorious. Flourishing, 
 
 Ant. Depressed. Inglorious. Undistin- 
 guished. Unflourishing. 
 
 Palpable, adj. Lat. palpare, 
 to touch. 
 
 Stn. Material. Corporeal. Tangible. 
 Obvious. Gross. Perceptible. 
 
 Ant. Immaterial. Incorporeal. Invisible. 
 -(Etherial. Impalpable. Indistinct. lUibious. 
 Imperceptible. 
 
 Palpitate, ^. int. Lat. pal- 
 fitare, 
 
 Stn. Throb. Flutter. Beat. Pulsate. 
 Pant. 
 
 Ant. Pause. Stop. Cease. 
 
 Paltek, V. Germ, palte, a rag. 
 To act in a ragged, i.e., mean or 
 beggarly, way. 
 
 Stn. Shuffle. Prevaricate. Trift\ Shift. 
 Dodge. Haggle. 
 
 Ant. Act. Determine. Decide. 
 
 Paltry, adj. See Palter. 
 
 Stn. Mean. Shabby. Shuffling. Trifling. 
 Prevaricating. Shifty. Contemptible. I'iti- 
 able. Vile. Worthless. Beggarly. Trashy, 
 
 Ant. Noble. Honourable. Candid. Con- 
 ^H"Otila»ie". Determined. Straightforward, 
 
 Estimable. Admirable. Worthy. Magnifi- 
 cent. 
 
 Pamper, v. tr. Fr. pampre. 
 Lat. pampinus, a vine-leaf or 
 branch — the idea being to foster 
 into excessive luxuriance. 
 
 Syn. Feed. Glut. Spoil. Indulge. 
 Cocker. 
 
 Ant. Harden. Starve. Inure. Stint 
 Discipline. 
 
 Panegyric, n. Gr. 7ravT]y%, 
 
 piKOi, SC, Xoyos. 
 
 Stn. Eulogy. Encomium. 
 
 Ant. Stricture. Satire. Sarcasm. Lam- 
 poon. Invective. Philippic. Tirade. 
 
 Pang, n. Ang. Sax. pymjan, to 
 
 prick. 
 
 Stn. Paroxysm. ITiroe. Agony. Con- 
 vulsion. Smart. 
 
 Ant. Pleasure. Enjoyment. Gratifica- 
 tion. Delight. Delectation. Fascination. 
 Refreshment. 
 
 Parable, n. Gr. -Kapa, by 
 the side, and ^aXKeiv, to cast or 
 place. A didactic invention, in 
 which things natural are used to 
 illustrate things moral and 
 spiritual. 
 
 Stn. Apologue, Similitude. 
 Ant. History. Fact. Narrative. 
 
 Parade, v. tu It. parare, to 
 adorn. 
 
 Stn. Vaunt. Flaunt. Display, 
 Ant. Suppress. Veil. Conceal 
 
 Parade, n. See verb. 
 
 Syn. Vaunting. Flaunting. Display 
 Pomp. Ostentation. Show. Pageant. 
 
 Ant. Suppression. Concealment. Mo- 
 desty. Humility. Simplicity. Undemon- 
 strailveness. Plainness. Retirement. Un- 
 ceremoniousness. 
 
 Paradise, n. Gr. napadeta-os, 
 
 a garden. Used metaphorically ; 
 
 Syn. Heaven. Bliss. PJcsiacy Eden. 
 Ant. Purgatory. Hell. Misery. Tor- 
 ture. 
 
 Paradox, n. Gr. napa, be- 
 side, and do^a, an opinion, A 
 truth so stated as to seem ab- 
 surd. 
 
 Stn. Contradiction. Enigma, Mystery 
 Absurdity. Ambiguity, 
 
 Ant. Precept. Proposition, 
 Truism, Postulate. 
 
281 
 
 Pabadoxioal, adj. See Para- 
 dox. 
 
 Stn. See Paradox. 
 
 Ant, Self-evident Axiomatla Lucid. 
 Obvious. 
 
 Paeallbl, adj. Gr. -nap dWrj- 
 \(ov. Extending by the side 
 of each other, as lines always 
 keeping the same distance. Used 
 in the general sense of the fol- 
 lowing : — 
 
 Sin. Correspondent. Congruous. Corre- 
 lative. Analogous. Concurrent. 
 
 Ant. Different. Opposed. Incongruous. 
 Irrel.itivc. Unanalogous. Divergent Con- 
 trariant. 
 
 Paramount, adj. Old Fr. 
 
 Syn. Superior, Pro-eminent. Chief. Prin- 
 cipal. 
 
 Ant. Subordinate, Minor. Inferior. 
 Secondary. 
 
 Parasite, w. Gr. napa, hy the 
 side, and o-LTelv, to feed. One 
 who dines at the expense of an- 
 other, and, to ensure repetitions 
 of the invitation, flatters his host ; 
 hence, generally, a flatterer. 
 
 Stn. Sycophant. Flatterer, Toady, 
 Courtier. 
 
 Ant. Detractor. Calumniator. Traducer. 
 
 Pardon, v.^r. Jjnt. per, through, 
 and donare, to give. To give so 
 as to forgive. Applied to per- 
 sons and their offences. 
 
 Syn. Forgive. Condone. Absolve. Acquit. 
 Romit. 
 
 Ant, Condemn. Punish. Visit. 
 
 Pardonable, adj. See Pardon. 
 
 SXN. Venial. Excusable. 
 
 AlNT. Inexcusable, Unpardonable, 
 
 Parsimonious, adj. Lat. par- 
 simonia. 
 
 Stn. Sparing. Close, Penurious. Frugal. 
 Niggardly. Illiberal, 
 
 Ant. LiberaL Unsparing. Profuse. Ex- 
 travagant. 
 
 Part, n. Lat. pars, partis. 
 
 Stn. Portion, Piece, Fragment Frac- 
 tion, Division. Member. Constituent. 
 ElemeQt Ingredient. Share, Lot Con- 
 cern. Interest Participation. Side. I'arty. 
 Interest Faction Behalf. Daty. 
 
 Synonyms and Atitomjim. 
 
 Ant, Whole. Goi t|)tetene86. Entirety 
 Integrity, Totality. Mass. Bulk. Body. 
 Compound, Transaction, Affair. 
 
 Partake, v. int. Compounded 
 of part and take, followed by the 
 prep. of. 
 
 Stn. Share. Participate. Accept De- 
 rive. 
 
 Ant. Forfeit Relinquish. Forego. Cedei 
 Yield. Afford. 
 
 Partial, adj. Lat. pars, partis, 
 a part. Affecting one part only, 
 or biassed toward one part or 
 party. 
 
 Stn. Restricted. LocaL Peculiar. Specific. 
 Favouring. Inequitable. Unfair. Biassed. 
 Particular. 
 
 Akt. Unrestricted. Total. Universal. 
 General. Impartial. Equitable. Just Fair 
 Unbiassed. 
 
 Partiality, n. See Partial. 
 
 Participate, v. int. Partem 
 capere. To take a part, followed 
 by the prep, in or of. See Par- 
 take. 
 
 Particular, adj. Lat. parti- 
 cular is. Is used of the object 
 and the subject ; of the latter in 
 the sense of critical. 
 
 Stn. Local, Specific, Subordinate, De- 
 tailed. Partial, Special. Fastidious, Mi- 
 nute, Scrupulous. Careful. Accurate, 
 Exact Circumstantial. Precise. Delicate. 
 Nice. 
 
 Ant, Universal. General. Unspccial, 
 Comprehensive. Unscrupulous. Uncareful 
 Inaccurate. Inexact Rough. Coarse. In- 
 discriminate. UndiscriiAiating. 
 
 Particular, n. See adjective. 
 
 Stn, Detail. Point Feature. 
 Ant, Whole, Subject Case. 
 
 Partition, n. Lat. 'partire, to 
 divide. Used for the thing sepa- 
 rating and the space separated, 
 as also for the act of dividing oi 
 distributing. 
 
 Syn. Barrier, Division. Enclosurq 
 Compartment Interspace. Separation. Di;* 
 tribution. Allotment Screen. 
 
 Ant. Non-partition. Non-distlnctioii 
 Non-separation, Inclusion, Comprehension 
 Combinatioa Amalgamation, lncori)otar 
 tion. Coalition. Union. ConcatenaUoo 
 Gteneralizatlon. Coljectiop. 
 
Synonyms ana Antonyms. 
 
 285 
 
 Partner, w. From part. One 
 who in any way takes part witli 
 another. 
 
 Stn. Associate. Colleague, Coacljutor 
 Confederate. Accomplice. Partaker. Com- 
 panion. Spouse. 
 
 Ant. Rival. Alien. Competitor. Op- 
 ponent. Counter-agent. 
 
 Passable, adj. From pass. 
 That may be passed or traversed. 
 Also used in the sense of mo- 
 derate, or what may pass un- 
 challenged. 
 
 Stn. Traversable. Navigable. Pene- 
 trable. Admissible. Tolerable. Ordinary. 
 
 Ant. Impassable. Impervious. Im- 
 penetrable. Inadmissible. Excellent. 
 
 Passible, adj. Lat. pati, pas- 
 sus, to suffer. 
 
 Stn. Susceptible. Sensible. Sensitive. 
 Impressible. 
 
 Ant. insusceptible. Insensitive. Im- 
 passible. 
 
 Passion, it. See Passible. Its 
 old sense of suffering is almost 
 obsolete. 
 
 Stn. Kniotion. Desire. Ardour. Vehe- 
 mence. Lust. Anger. Animation. Ex- 
 citement. Warmth. Feeling. 
 
 Ant. Coolness. Indifference. Apathy. 
 Coldness. Frigidity. Iciness. 
 
 Passive, adj. See Passible. 
 
 Stn. Inactive. Inert. Quiescent. Un- 
 resisting. Unquestioning. Negative. En- 
 during. Patient. 
 
 Ant. Active. Alert. Resisteut. Posi- 
 tive. Insubmissive. Malcontent. Vehe- 
 ment. 
 
 Pastime, n. From pass and 
 time. 
 
 SvN. Recreation. Entertainment. 
 Amusement. Diversion. Play, Sport. 
 
 Ant. Business. Study. Labour. Task. 
 Occupation. Work. 
 
 Patch, v. tr, CJonn. with 
 Botch. 
 
 Stn. Botch. Bungle. Cobble. Clout. 
 Piece. 
 
 Ant. Fine-draw, Embroider. 
 
 Patent, adj. Lat. patens, from 
 patere, to open, 
 
 Stn. Obvious. Evident. Indisputable. 
 Plain. 
 
 Ant, Dubious. Ambiguous, Qnostion- 
 able 
 
 Pathetic, t<fj. Qr. ndSoSi 
 feelimj, 
 
 Stn. Affecting, Moving, Emotional. 
 Ant. Ludicrous, Unimpassioned. Far- 
 cical, UnafFecting. 
 
 Patience, n. Lat. patientia. 
 
 Stn. Endurance. Resignation. Sub- 
 mission. Perseverance. 
 
 Ant. Resistance. Insubmissiveness, 
 Repining. Rebellion, Inconstancy. Im- 
 patience. 
 
 Patient, adj. See Patience. 
 Patrician, n. Lat. patricius. 
 
 Stn. Noble. Senator. Aristocrat, 
 Ant. Plebeian, Churl. 
 
 Patronize, v. tr. Lat. patro- 
 nus, a patron. 
 
 Syn. Countenance. Befriend. Favour. 
 
 Ant. Oppress. Depress. Oppose. With- 
 stand. Disfavour. Discountenance. 
 
 Pattern, n. A form of 
 patron. - 
 
 Syn. Model. Sample, Archetype, Ex- 
 emplar, Specimen, Mould, Design. Plan. 
 
 Ant. Monstrosity. Caricature. Perver- 
 sion. Misrepresentation. 
 
 Paucity, w. Lat. paucus,few. 
 
 Syn, Rarity. Scantity, Fewness. De- 
 ficiency. 
 
 Ant, Frequency. Quantity. Number, 
 Abundance. 
 
 Pause, v. int. Gr. Trauo-ts, a 
 
 cessation. 
 
 Syn. Cease, Suspend. Intermit For- 
 bear. Stay. Wait. Hesitate. Demur. Stop, 
 
 Ant. Continue. Proceed. Advance. 
 Persist. Persevere. 
 
 Pave, v. tr. Fr. paver. Used 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Prepare. Facilitate. Smoothe. Ex- 
 pedite. Adapt. Fit. Mature. Arrange. 
 Dispose. Qualify. 
 
 Ant. Obstruct. Indispose, Disqualify. 
 
 Pawn, v. tr. Old Fr. pau, 
 
 pledge. 
 
 Sy'N. Pledge. Impignorate. 
 Ant hansom Redeem. 
 
 Pay, v. tr. Old Fr. 'paier, 
 conn, with pax, peace. To ap- 
 
 .' pease need, especially by com- 
 pensation. Applied to the ob- 
 
 I jeet nnd subject of payment 
 
28(1 
 
 Synonyms and AnionijiM, 
 
 Stw. Compensate. Remunerute. Satisfy 
 Discharge. Expend. Disburse. Requite. 
 
 Ant. Deprive. Defraud. Exact. Dis- 
 satisfy. Hoard. Retain. Invest. Fund. 
 
 PAYMtorr, n. See Pay. 
 
 PkaoK, n. Lat. pax, pacis. 
 
 8yn. Quiet. Tranquillity. Calm. Re- 
 pose. Pacification, Order. Calmness. Re- 
 conciliation. Harmony. Concord. 
 
 Ant. Noise. Disturbance. Tumult. 
 Agitation. Hostility. Disorder. Embroil- 
 ment. "War. Discord. Variance. Strife. 
 
 Peaceable, adj. See Peace. 
 Applies more correctly to the 
 disposition of persons, as peaceful 
 to the state of things. 
 
 SvN. Unwarlike. Inoffensive. Quiet, 
 innocuous. Mild. Unquarrelsome. Serene. 
 Placid. 
 
 Ant. Pugnacious. Warlike. Litigious. 
 Quarrelsome. Savage. Fierce. Hostile. 
 Violent. Bellicose. Restless. 
 
 Peasant, n. Old ¥i\paisant, 
 New Fv. paysan,imin pai/s, conn, 
 with Lat. pagus, the country. 
 
 Syn. Countryman. Hind. Clown. La- 
 b'>urer. Villager. Swain. 
 
 Ant. Citizen. Cockney. Townsman. 
 
 Peccability, w. See Peccable. 
 
 Peccable, adj. Lat. pecca- 
 hilis, peccare, to sin. Ijiable io 
 sin. 
 
 Sra. Frail. Sinful. 
 
 Ant. Impeccable. Perfect. Incorrupt. 
 
 Peccant, adj. See Peccable. 
 
 Syn. Morbid. Corrupt. Criminal. Oflen- 
 Bive. Objectionable. Vicious. 
 
 Ant. i*ure. Incorrupt. Wholesome 
 
 Peculiar, adj. Lat. pecuHum, 
 private i^roperty. 
 
 Syn. Private. Personal. Characteristic. 
 Special. Specific. Particular. Unu'iual. 
 Singular. Uncommon. 
 
 Ant. Public. Common. General. Uni- 
 versal, Unspecial. Ordinary. ComiiM^n. 
 
 Peculiarity, n. See Peculiar. 
 That which is peculiar to an in- 
 dividual or subject. 
 
 Syn. Specialty. ludividuality. Dis- 
 tinctiveness. Idiosyncrasy. 
 
 Ant. Generality. Universality. (Com- 
 munity. Uniformity. Homolc^y. Homo- 
 geneity. CounaturaliW 
 
 Pedantic, adj. Fr. pedahtt 
 a corruption of the Lat. pcedc^ 
 
 gogans. 
 
 StN. Paedagogical. Priggish. 
 Ant. Unaffected. Slij^hod. 
 
 Peerless, adj. Without a 
 peer of par, i.e., equal. 
 
 Syn. Matchless. Paramount. Unique. 
 Ant. Mediocre. Commonplace. Ordl* 
 nary. 
 
 Peevish, adj. A corruption 
 of perverse. 
 
 Syn. Fretful. Querulous. Petulant. 
 Testy. Captious. Waspish. Splenetic. 
 
 Ant, Genial. Complaisant. Insensate. 
 Inquerulous. I^asy. Good-natured. Good- 
 tempered. 
 
 Pelf, n. Old Eng. pel/ry, Old 
 Fr. peljje, looty, from pelper, to 
 pillage, conn, with Lat. pilare, 
 to plunder. Ill-gotten gain. 
 
 Sin. Lucre. Mammon. 
 
 Ant. Reward. Compensation. Wage. 
 
 Pellucid, adj. Lat. per and 
 lueidus. 
 
 Syn. Translucent. Limpid. Crystalline. 
 Vitreous. 
 
 Ant. Opaque. Semi-opaque. Luteous. 
 Turbid. 
 
 Penal, adj. Fr. pemd, Lat. 
 p(kna, punishment. 
 
 Syn. Retributive. Coercive. Visitatorial. 
 Castigatory. Inflictive. Corrective. Puni- 
 tive. 
 
 Ant. Remunerative. Reparatory. De- 
 corative. Honorary. 
 
 Penalty, n. Contracted from 
 penality. See Penal. 
 
 Syn. Pain. Punishment. Forfeiture. 
 Price. Fare. Retribution. Amercement. 
 
 Ant. Guerdcjn. Wages. Reward. Pre- 
 mium. Prize. Douceur. Sop. Bribe. 
 Honorarium. Compensation. Remunera- 
 tion. 
 
 Penetrable, adj. Lat. pe^ie- 
 trabilis. 
 
 Syn. Pervious. Permeable. 
 Ant. Impervious. Impermeable. 
 
 Penetration, n. Lat. pene- 
 trare, to penetrate. 
 
 Syn. Discernment. Observation. Saga" 
 city. Acuteness. Discrimination. 
 
 Ant. Indiscernment. Dulness. India 
 crimination. Stoliaity Hebetude. Short 
 •jglitednes*. Shallowness. Obtuwtuea*. 
 
Bynonym and AntonyM^. 
 
 28? 
 
 ?AI«1TBNCE, n. Lat. pamitentia. 
 
 SiTN. Repentance. CoUtrition. Sorrow. 
 Remorse. 
 
 Ant. Congratulation. Self-approval. 
 Obduracy. Hard-heartedness. 
 
 Penitunt, adj. See Penitence. 
 
 Penitential, adj. See Peni- 
 tence. Having the feeling, or the 
 outward character which suits 
 the feeling, of penitence. 
 
 Syn. Wailing. MournfuL Dirgeful. 
 Borrowlul. Contrite. 
 
 Pensive, adj. Lat. pendere, to 
 weigh. 
 
 Stn. Meditative. Ruminating. Thought- 
 ful. Musing. Reflective. 
 
 Ant. Vacant. Joyous. Unreflecting. 
 Careless. Thoughtless. Unmeditative, In- 
 oogitant. Unreflective. 
 
 Penurious, adj. See Penury. 
 
 Syn. Niggardly. Parsimonious. Avari- 
 cious. Griping. Miserly. Close-fisted. 
 Ant. Liberal. Oijen-handed. Bountiful. 
 
 Penury, n. Lat. penuria. 
 
 Syn. Want. Privation. Poverty, In- 
 digence. Impecuniosity. 
 
 Ant. Competence. Wealth. Affluence. 
 Pecuniosity. 
 
 People, n. Lat. popidus. 
 
 •Stn. Nation. Community. Populace. 
 Mob. Crowd. Vulgar. Herd. Mass. 
 
 Ant. Aristocracy. Nobility. Govern- 
 ment. Ruler. Oligarchy. 
 
 Perceivable, adj. See Per- 
 ceive. 
 
 Stn. Cognizable. Appreciable, Per- 
 ceptible. Sensible. Distinguishable. 
 
 Ant. Incognizable. Inappreciable. Im- 
 perceptible. Insensible. Indisthiguishable. 
 
 Perceive, v. tr. Lat. percipere. 
 Used of the senses and the mind. 
 
 Stn. Discern. Distinguish. Descry. Ob- 
 Sf>rve. Feel. Touch. See. Recognize. 
 Understand. Know. 
 
 Ant. Miss, Misobserve. Overlook. Mis- 
 understand. Misconceive. Misperceive. 
 
 Perceptible, adj. See Per- 
 ceivable. 
 Perception, w. See Perceive. 
 
 Stn. Cognizance. Apprehension. Sight. 
 Understanding. Discernment. 
 
 Ant. Incognizance. Ignorance. Im- 
 perception. Misapprehension. Misunder- 
 Atandinf; 
 
 Perceptive, adj. See Per- 
 ceive. 
 
 Stn. Cognitive. Apprehensive. Sensitive. 
 
 AKt. Reflective. Reminiscent. Insett- 
 slble. Impercipient. InobserVaht. Inap- 
 prehensive. Insensitive. 
 
 Percipient, adj. See Percejh 
 tive. 
 
 Percussion, n. Lat. percutere^ 
 cussus, to strike together. 
 
 Stn. Collision. Shock. Encounter. 
 Crash. 
 
 Ant. Graze. Touch. Recoil. Rebound. 
 Repercussion. Reverberation. 
 
 Perdition, n. Lat. perdere, to 
 lose. Utter loss. 
 
 Stn. Destruction. Ruin. Loss, bemo- 
 lition. 
 
 Ant. Restoration. Recovery. Rencva 
 tion. Rescue. Salvation. 
 
 Peregrination, n. Lat. pere- 
 grinatio, peregrinus, foreign. 
 Foreign travel. 
 
 Stn. Wandering. Travel. Perambula- 
 tion. Perenation. 
 
 Ant. Domiciliation. Residence. 
 
 Peremptory, adj. Lat. peri- 
 mere, to destroy. Deadly; deci- 
 sive; final. 
 
 Stn. Decisive. Expi-ess. Absolute. 
 Authoritative. Arbitrary. Dogmatical 
 Imperious. 
 
 Ant. Suggestive. Entreative. Mild. 
 Postulatory. Hortatory. 
 
 Perennial^ adj. Jjat perennis, 
 per annum, or per annos. Lasting 
 through the year, or through 
 many years. 
 
 Stn. Perpetual. Unceasing. Unfailing. 
 Ceaseless. Incessant. Constant. Per- 
 manent. Uninterniittent. Continual. 
 
 Ant. Periodical. Occasional. Inter- 
 mittent. Failing. Deficient. Uncertain. 
 
 Perfect, adj. Lat. pei-fectus. 
 Carried out to its completion, or 
 completely illustrating its nature 
 or purpose. 
 
 Stn. Consummate. Complete. Full. In- 
 deficient. Immaculate. Absolute. Fault- 
 less. Impeccable. Infallible. Unbleniishe<l 
 
 Ant. Incomplete. Meagre. Faulty. 
 Scant. Short. Deficient. l)efective. Im- 
 perfect. I'eccable. FalUt'.e Blemislicl 
 Marred. Spoilt. 
 
288 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Perfection, n. See Perfect. 
 PbkfidiouS. Lat. perfidioms. 
 Said of persons and their acta 
 
 Stn. False. Treacherous. Faithless. 
 Traitorous. Deceptive. 
 
 Ant. True. Staunch. Faithful. 
 
 Pbrporate, adj. Lat. ^:>er- 
 f or at us. 
 
 Stn. Bored. Piercel Drilled. 
 Ant. Uupierced. Imperforate. 
 
 Pbrform, V. tr. Lat. per and 
 forma. To carry out a plan, 
 purpose, or design, to its com- 
 pletion. 
 
 Stn. Accomplish. Do. Act. Transact. 
 Achieve. Execute. Discharge. FulfiL 
 Effect. Complete. Consummate. Enact. 
 
 Ant. Miss. Mar. Misperfonn. Mis- 
 execute. Botch. Misenact. Misconduct. 
 Spoil. 
 
 Performance, n. See Per- 
 form. 
 
 Perfume, n. Lat. per and 
 fumus, smoke. 
 
 Stn. Odour. Scent. Fragrance. Redo- 
 lence. Aroma. 
 
 Ant. Fetor. Stench. Stink. 
 
 Perfunctory, adj. Lat per- 
 fnngi, to discharge. Said of deeds 
 or manner indicating indifference 
 in the doer, as acting by routine. 
 
 SvN. UiiinteiTstcd. Routine. Mechani- 
 cal. Caroloss. Slovenly. 
 
 Ant. Intorpsud. Zealous, Spirited. 
 
 Animated. Ardent. Assiduous Curelul. 
 
 Perhaps, adv. Lat. per, hy, 
 and Eng. hap, chance. 
 
 Stn, Possibly. Peradventurc. Per- 
 chance. 
 
 Ant. Certainly, Inevitably. 
 
 Peril, n. Lat. periclum. 
 
 Stn. Danger. Risk. Hazard. Jeopardy. 
 Insecurity. Uncertainty. Unsafety. 
 Awr. Security. Safety. Certainty. 
 
 Perilous, adj. See Peril. 
 Period, ??, Gr. nepiobos. 
 
 SiN. Time. Date. Epoch. Era. Age. 
 Duration. Continuance. Limit. Bound. 
 End. Conclusion. Determination. 
 
 Ant. Eternity. Datelessness. Immemorla- 
 lity. Infinity. Peipetuity. Illimitabillty. 
 F':»>d!i'S8ncs«. - IndofiniteceaB. Indeterminate- 
 
 Pbriodioal, adj. See Period. 
 
 Stn. Stated. Recurrent. Regniai 
 Systematic Calculable. 
 
 Ant. Indeterminate. Eccentric. Irregular. 
 Incalculable. Spasmodic. FitfuL 
 
 Peeishablb, adj. Tr. perish- 
 
 able. 1 
 
 Stn. Frail. Evanescent. Fragile. De 
 structible. Fleeting. Transient. Ephemeral. 
 Impermanent. 
 
 Ant. Enduring. Lasting. Indestructible. 
 Imperishable. Persistent. Perpetual. Per- 
 manent. 
 
 Permanent, adj. Lat. per and 
 manere. See Perishable. 
 
 Permeable, adj. Lat. per* 
 meare, to pass through. 
 
 Stn. Penetrable. Pervadible. Perco- 
 lable. 
 
 Ant. Impenetrable. Impermeable. 
 
 Permeate, v. int. See Pei?- 
 meable. 
 
 Permissible, adj. Lat. per 
 mittere, to permit. 
 
 Stn. Allowable. Siafferable. Lawful. 
 
 Ant. Unallowable. Insufferable. Un- 
 lawful. 
 
 Permission, n. See Per- 
 missible. 
 
 Stn. I^eave. Licence. Dispensation. 
 Allowance. Liberty. Consent. Sufferance. 
 Compliance. J]ndurance. 
 
 Ant. Prohibition. Refusal. Denial. 
 Prevention. Hindrance. Resistance. 
 
 Permit, v. tr. See Permission. 
 
 Permutation, n . Lat. permu" 
 tatio. 
 
 Stn. Interchango. Transference. Trans, 
 position. 
 
 Ant. Stabilitation. Retention. Fixity, 
 Sequence. Order. Series. Succession. 
 
 Pernicious, adj. Lat. per- 
 
 nicies, destruction. 
 
 Stn. Hurtful. Harmful. Noxious. Dele- 
 terious. Detrimental Destructive. Deadly 
 Injurious. 
 
 Ant. Beneficial. Wholesome. In 
 nocuous. Undetritnental. Innocent. Salu 
 tary. 
 
 Perpetrate, v. tr. Lat^^er- 
 petrare. To do, in a bad sense, 
 5tn. Commit 
 AiST Achieve PorfccL 
 
Synonyms a :id Antonyms. 
 
 289 
 
 Pkk! mvKL, udj. Lat. pcr- 
 pehms. 
 
 Stk. Constant. Unceasing. Endless. 
 Eternal. Everlasting. Unfailing. Peren- 
 nial. Continual. Enduring. Incessant. 
 
 Ant. Inconstjnit. Periodic. Recurrent. 
 Temporary. Transient. Failing. tlx- 
 hanslible. Occasional. Momentary. Casual. 
 
 Perpetuate, v. tr. See Per- 
 petual. 
 
 Syn. Continue, Stabilitate. Eternize. 
 Ant. Discontinue. Abolish. Eradicate. 
 Cancel. Disestablish. Break. 
 
 Perpetuity, n. See Perpe- 
 tuate. 
 
 Syn. Constancy. Permanence. Perennity. 
 Persistence. Continuiiy. Fixity. 
 
 Ant. Inipermanence. Transience. Evan- 
 escence. Discontinuance. Casualty. Mo- 
 mentariness. 
 
 Perplex, v. ^r. IjSit perplsxari. 
 To make intricate or involved. 
 Also, as applied to persons, to place 
 in a state of mental confusion. 
 
 Syn. Embarrass. Puzzle. Entangle. In- 
 volve. Encumber. Complicate. Confuse. 
 Bewilder. Mystify. 
 
 Ant. Clear. EnUghten. Explicate. Dis- 
 entangle. Simplify. Elucidate. Disen- 
 cumber. 
 
 Perplexity, n. See Perplex. 
 
 Persecute, v. tr. Lat. per- 
 segui, part, secutus. 
 
 Syn. Harass. Molest. Annoy. Worry, 
 Vex. 
 
 Ant. Encourage. Inspirit Abet. Sup- 
 port. 
 
 Perseverance, n. Lat. per- 
 severantia. 
 
 Syn. Persistence. Steadfastness. Con- 
 stancy. Iridefatigableness. Resolution. 
 Tenacity. 
 
 Ant. Inconstancy. Unsteadfastness. 
 Fitful ness. Caprice. Irresoluteness. Vacil- 
 lation. Wavering. Indecision. Variableness. 
 Levity. Volatility. 
 
 Persistence, n. Lat. per- 
 sisterc, to endure. It has the 
 senses of permanence ais an ex- 
 tcmal quality of objects, and also, 
 subjectively, of permanence of 
 purpose, or perseverance. See 
 Pt'.i-sevcraucG and Perishable. 
 
 Personal, adj. Lat. persona. 
 Belonging to the pei*son, or re- 
 ferred to the person, as distin- 
 guished from belonging to the 
 race, 
 
 Syn. Individual Special, Peculiar. 
 Idiosyncratic. 
 
 Ant, Generic, Common, 
 
 Perspicacity, n. Lat. per- 
 spicacitas. Acuteness of discern- 
 ment. 
 
 Stk. Acuteness. Discernment Sagacity. 
 Penetration. 
 
 Ant. Hebetude. Dulness. Stolidity 
 Inobservance. 
 
 Perspicuity, n. Lat. perspi- 
 cuus, clear. Especially used of 
 clearness of statement. 
 
 Stw, Clearness. Lucidity. Transparency, 
 Intelligibility. 
 
 Aht. Obscurity. Turbidity. Unlntelll- 
 gibiiity. Mystification. Confusedness. 
 
 Persuade, v. tr. Lat. per- 
 suadere. To persuade is to lead 
 to a conclusion by moral, or con- 
 vince by intellectual, argument. 
 
 Stn, Induce. Influence, incline. Con- 
 vince Dispose. 
 
 Ant. Deter. Disincline. Indispose, 
 Mlspersuade. Misinduce. Coerce, Compel. 
 
 Persuasion, n. See Persuade, 
 
 Pert, adj. Lat. apertus, open. 
 Formerly frank, of open cha- 
 racter; now bearing the un- 
 favourable sense of a combina- 
 tion of weakness and forwardness, 
 
 Sra. Flippant Saucy. Impudent 
 Ant. Modest. Retiring. Bashful De- 
 mure. Staid, 
 
 Pertinacious, adj. Lat. per- 
 tinax, from per and tenax. 
 Strongly holding to one's pur- 
 pose, but with a shade of un- 
 favourableness in meaning. 
 
 Stn. Obstinate, i-ersistent; Wilful. 
 Dogged. Perse verifg. 
 
 Ant. Flexible. Inconstant Irresolute. 
 Volatile. 
 
 Pertinacity, n. See Perti- 
 nacious. 
 Pertinent, adj. Lat. peiii- 
 
2^0 
 
 Synonyms and AntonyiM. 
 
 V ere, to hetong. Simply belonging 
 to another thing, or having a fit- 
 ness of relationship to it. 
 
 Sr». Related. Connected. Appertain- 
 ing, Appropriate. Fit. Apposite. Just 
 ftoper. Congruous. Applicable. 
 
 AST. Unrelated. Unconnected. Alien. 
 Inappropriate. Impertinent. Incongruous. 
 Discordant. Repugnant. 
 
 Pkrtadb, V. tr. Lat. per- 
 vaderc, to go through and throitgh. 
 
 St». Permeate. Fill. Saturate. Colour. 
 Tinge. 
 
 AuT. Touch. Affect 
 
 Perverse, adj. Lat. perversus, 
 turned the vjrong way. 
 
 Stn. Froward. Untoward. Stubborn. 
 Fractious. Wayward. Unmanageable. In- 
 tractable. Crotchety. 
 
 Ant. Docile. Ductile. Amenable. Go- 
 vernable. Complacent Accommodating. 
 Pleasant Obliging. 
 
 Perversion, n. See Perverse. 
 A twisting of truth, or of any- 
 thing away from its right use. 
 
 Syn. Abuse. Misrepresentation. Dis- 
 tortion. Corruption. Misinterpretation. 
 Caricature. Sophistry. 
 
 Ant. Use. Conservation. Representa- 
 tion, Right. Truth. Portraiture. Mani- 
 festation. Explanation. Interpretation. 
 Reason. Correction. Authentication, Veri- 
 fication, 
 
 Pervious, adj. Per, through, 
 and via, a way. 
 
 Stn. Penetrable. Traversable. Explor- 
 able. 
 
 Ant. Impenetrable, Impervious. Im- 
 pregnable. Inexplorable. 
 
 Pest, n, Lat. pestts, a plague 
 or disease. Metaphorically, any 
 annoying or destructive con- 
 comitant. 
 
 Stn. Plague; Nuisance. Curse. An- 
 floyance. 
 
 Ant. Benefit Blessing. Acquisition. 
 
 Pester, v. tr. Old Fr. em- 
 pestrer, to entangle. To frequent 
 vnth annoying influence, or an 
 annoying frequency. 
 
 SiH. Plague. Worry. Vex. Harass. 
 Dbqniet. Annoy. Teaze. Torment 
 
 .^iirr. Treat. Regale. Amuse. Refresh, 
 araiify. Sootho, 
 
 Pestiferous, adj. Pestig, d 
 plague, fmdferre, to bring. 
 
 Stn. Insalubrious. Morbific. Peslllentlal 
 Deleterious. Mephltia Virulent Monl- 
 ferous. Lethal, 
 
 Ant. Genial. Salubrious. Balmy. Salu- 
 liferous. Sanitary. Innocuous. Remedial. 
 Wholesome. Nutritive. Pure. Sanative, 
 Disinfectant 
 
 Pet, n. Probably contracted 
 from Fr. petit, small. 
 
 Stn, Darling, Fondling, Favourite. 
 Cosset. Jewel Minion, IdoL 
 
 Ant, Horror. Bugbear. Aversion. 
 Scarecrow. 
 
 Pet, v. tr. See noun and 
 Fondle. 
 
 Petition, n. Lat. petitio, pe' 
 tere, to ask. 
 
 Stn. Supplication. Entreaty. Craving. 
 
 Application. Appeal, Salutation, Prayer. 
 Request. Instance. 
 
 Ant. Deprecation. Expostulation. Pro- 
 test, Command. Injunction. Claim. De 
 
 mand. Requirement Exaction. Dictation. 
 
 Petrify, v. tr. Petra, a rock 
 or stone, and /acere, to make. To 
 turn rigid with wonder or fear. 
 
 Stn. Astound. Electrify. Dismay 
 Horrify. Appal, SI u. Stupefy. Dumb- 
 founder. 
 
 Ant. Reassure, \ iquillize. 
 
 Pettish, adj. ipt to be in a 
 state of pet or cr*. sness, pet be- 
 ing probably for pout, the ex- 
 pression of the mouth in sullen- 
 ness. 
 
 Stn, Petulant Testy. Peevish, Wasp- 
 ish, Querulous. 
 
 Ant. Easy. Jovial, Good-hunioural 
 Genial. 
 
 Petty, adj. Fr. petit. Small ; 
 especially in character, motive, 
 disposition, or views. 
 
 Stn. Small. Mean, Paltry, Ignoble. 
 Trifling, Narrow. 
 
 Ant. Large. Large-hearted. Noble. 
 Generous. Chivalrous, Magnificent Lberal 
 Broad, 
 
 Petulant, adj. Lat. petidans 
 See Peevish. 
 PiiANTASM, n. Lat, and Gr. 
 
 Phantasma, n. An appeai-ance 
 
ISynoniffiis and Anionynih. 
 
 291 
 
 \ pi^umed to be false, and liaving 
 no existence but in the imagina- 
 tion. 
 
 St». Chimera. Delusion. Unreality. 
 Phantasy. Bugbear. Vision. Dream. 
 Hallucination. Shadow. 
 
 Ant. Reality. Truth. Fact. Sub- 
 stance. Verity. 
 
 Phaeisaioal, adj. Of the dis- 
 position of a Pharisee, having a 
 religion of form, without motives: 
 or spirit. 
 
 Syn, Sanctimonious. Formal. Cere- 
 monious. Precisian. 
 
 Ant. Sincere. Guile^ss. Genuine. Godly. 
 Un Pharisaical. 
 
 Philanthropic, adj. Gr. 
 d)iX€'iv, to love, and avOpwTros, man. 
 Having humanity, or regard for 
 the well-being of mankind at 
 large. 
 
 Syn. Humane. Large-hearted. Public- 
 spirited, 
 
 Ant. Selfish. Cynical. Egotistical. 
 Morose. Misanthropic 
 
 PmLANTHROPY, 71. See Philan- 
 thropic. 
 
 Philosopher, n. See Philo- 
 sophical. 
 
 Syn. Doctor. Savant. Teacher. Master. 
 Schoolman. 
 
 Ant. Ignoramus. Sciolist, Freshman. 
 Tyro. Greenhorn. Fool. Eooby. Dunce, 
 
 Philosophical, adj. Gr. 
 
 I ^i\6aro(f)os, a lover of wisdom. 
 
 [ Of or belonging to the character 
 
 \ and life of a philosopher, and 
 
 \ also in conformity with such 
 
 views of things as a philosopher 
 
 might be supposed to take. 
 
 Sometimes used in the restricted 
 
 sense of stoically or indifferently 
 
 enduring. 
 
 Syn. Wise. Souiid. Conclusive. Scien- 
 tific. Accurate. Enlightened. 
 
 Ant. Unsound. Crude. Vague. Loose. 
 Inaccurate. Popu'.ar. Uuscientilic. Sciolistic. 
 LJ II philosophical, 
 
 Phrensy. Gr. <ppriv, the mind. 
 \\\ excited state of the mind 
 under the influence of insaiiity, 
 rcligion, or poetry. 
 
 Syn. Madness. Insanity, iWlrfnax 
 Mania. Raving. Hallucination. Afflatus 
 inspiration, 
 
 A«t, Sanity. Sobriety, Rationality^ 
 Lucidity. 
 
 Physical, adj. Gr. (f^v&iSi 
 nature. Used in the twofold 
 sense of appertaining to visible 
 or material nature, and consonant 
 with the ordinary laws of nature. 
 
 Syn. Natural, Material. Visible. Tan- 
 gible. Sub-stantial. 
 
 Ant. Mental. Moral. Intellectual. 
 Spiritual, Immaterial, Invisible. la- 
 tangible. Unsubstantial. Supernatural 
 Hyperphysical. 
 
 Pick, v. tr. Ang. Sax. pycan. 
 Has the sense of peck, with which 
 it is connected ; but, more fre- 
 quently, that of seizing for indi 
 vidual selection. 
 
 Stn. Choose. Cull. Select, Gather. 
 Eliniinato. Enucleate, Extract. Glean. 
 
 Ant. Reject. Discard. Repudiate. Kft 
 legate. Bunch. Grasp, Clutch. 
 
 j Picturesque, adj. Lat, pic- 
 tura, a painting. Having the 
 components of an attractive 
 figure, attitude, , appearance, or 
 landscape. 
 
 SvN. Comely. Seemly. Graceful. Soenia 
 Artistic. Pictorial. Graphic. 
 
 Ant. Unseemly. Uncouth. Rude. Un- 
 picturesque. Beautiless, Flat. Tame. 
 Monotonous. D(^d, 
 
 Pierce, v. tr. Old Fr. perser. 
 
 Syn, Perforate, Bore. Drill. Penetrate. 
 E.xcite, Affi-ct. Rouse. Touch. Move. 
 
 Ant. Dfuden. Quiet. Blunt, Soothe. 
 Allay. Lull. Compose. 
 
 Piercing, adj. See Pierce, 
 Piety, n. Lat. pittas. Had 
 in Latin the twofold sense of re- 
 ligion and feeling of natural 
 affection. It is in English re- 
 stricted to the former, except 
 where the classical sense is 
 affected. 
 
 Syn. Religion. Devotion. Godliness, 
 Holiness. Grace, 
 
 Ant, Irreligion, impiety. UngodllneK. 
 Sinfulnesii. Profanity. Hypocrisy. Fs-trr- 
 ^y^m. SiUictimoniousness. Pharisarsm, 
 
i>92 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 Pile, v. tr. Fr. pile, a hall or 
 mass. 
 
 Snr. Heap. Accnmalate. Gather. Store. 
 
 Ani. Demolish. Dissipate. Squander. 
 Scatter. Separate. Disperse. Deal. Dis- 
 tribute. 
 
 PiLFEB, V. tr. Old Fr. pelfrer. 
 Comp. Pelf. To commit petty 
 thait, and secretly. 
 
 Stn. Abstract Peculate. Filch. Pur- 
 loin, Smuggle. Cabbage. 
 
 Ant. Pillage. Ransack. Plunder. Rifle. 
 Sjwil. 
 
 Pillage, v. tr. Fr. piUer, to 
 plunder. See Pilfer. 
 
 PHTGUID, adj. Lat. pinguidus. 
 ^ee Fat. 
 
 Piquant, adj. Fr. Having a 
 (Sharp flavour, or a manner or 
 conversation of a lively and in- 
 teresting character. 
 
 Stn. Pungent. Sharp. Lively. Racy. 
 Ant. Tame. Dull. Flat. Characterless. 
 Insipid. 
 
 Piteous, adj. Deserving of 
 pity. 
 
 Stn. Sad. Miserable. Deplorable. La- 
 mentable. Distressing. 
 
 Ant. J.)yons. Enviable. Comfortable. 
 Pleasant. Desirable. Delectable. 
 
 Pith, n. Dutch, pit, pith, 
 kv^ne/. Used metaphorically for 
 \]ie vital matter of a subject, as 
 distinguished from what is not 
 Buch. 
 
 Stn. Kernel. Marrow, Gist Substance. 
 Essence. Cream. Root. 
 
 Ant. Surplusage. Surroundings. Dress- 
 ing. Verbiage. 
 
 Pithy, adj. See Pith. 
 
 Stn. Terse. Laconic. Pregnant Ex- 
 pressive. Nervous. 
 
 Ant. Weak. Characterless. Diluted. 
 Vuintless. Flat Vapid, 
 
 Pitiable, adj., Pitiful, adj. 
 See Piteous. 
 
 Pitiless, Without pity, either 
 specifically, or as a matter of 
 labit or disposition, 
 
 Syn. Merciless, Unsparing, Inexorable. 
 •Vhx. Pitiful. Tender. Merciful, Com- 
 t'^. jonate. Ijenieut. Indu'gent 
 
 Pittance, n. For pietaftco, 
 from piety or pity. A small 
 dole, as if granted from a feehng 
 of piety or pity. 
 
 Stk. Dole. Driblet Drop. Drain. 
 Scantling. 
 
 Ant, Exuberance, Abundance, Pro- 
 fusion, Lavishment, 
 
 Pitt, n. Another fcrm of 
 piety. Lat. pi etas. Properly 
 used for compassion, but some- 
 times, objectively, for a case of re- 
 gret, as when it is said, * It is a 
 pity;' meaning, it is a matter to 
 be regretted. 
 
 Stn. Mercy. Compassion, Tenderness. 
 Commiseration. Ruth, 
 
 Ant. Cruelty. Hardheartedness. Re- 
 lentlessness. Pitilcssness. Ruthlessness. 
 
 Place, v. tr. Fr. place, a hroad 
 space, 
 
 Stn. Locate. Assign. Fix. Establish, 
 Settle, Attribute, Situate. 
 
 Ant. Disturb, Remove. Unsettle, 
 Disarrange. Disestablish, Misplace, Mis- 
 attribute. Misassign. Uproot. Transplant 
 Extirpate. Eradicate. Transport, 
 
 Placid, adj. Lat. placidus. 
 
 Syn, Calm. Quiet, Serene. Composed, 
 Gentle, Unruffled, Still. Halcyonic. Un- 
 excited. Imperturbable. Passionless. 
 
 Ant. Ronsfh. Troubled. Unquiet Dis- 
 composed, Agitated, Ruffled, Disturbed. 
 Irritited. Stormy. Excited. Impassioned. 
 
 Plain, cfi/. Ijoi. planns. Level; 
 and used metaphorically, as of 
 manners. 
 
 Stn. Level. Even. Flat Smooth. Open. 
 Clear. Unencumbered. Unobstructed, Un- 
 interrupted. Manifest Evident Obvious. 
 Unmistakeable. Simple. Easy. Natural 
 Unaffected. Homely. Unsophisticated. 
 Artless. Open. unvarnished. Unem- 
 bellished. Unreserved. 
 
 Ant. Uneven. Undulating. Rugged. 
 Rough. Abrupt Broken. Confused. En- 
 cumbered. Obstructed. Interrupted. 
 Questionable. Uncertain. Dnbious, Am- 
 biguous. Enigmatical. Hard, Abstruse. 
 Affected. Fair. Beautiful. Sophisticated 
 ArtfuL Varnished. Embelltehed. 
 
 Plaintive, adj. Fr. plainte, 
 Lat, plangere, to weep. 
 
 Stn, Mournful, Sorrowful Sad. Dol«- 
 foL Melancholy. Wailing. 
 
 AlTT. Joyous. Exultant Glad, Jnlrt 
 lant. Cheerful. Cheering. GladdentBg. 
 
Synonyms and Antony mt 
 
 29H 
 
 Plant, v. tr. 'Fv. planter. 
 
 Stn. Set. Insert. Settle. Establish. 
 Introduce. Stock. Fix. Place. 
 
 Aht. Remove, Extract. Eradicate. 
 Extirpate. Disestablish. Transport. De- 
 nude. Transplant. Displace. 
 
 Plaster, v. tr. Lat. emplas- 
 trum. Used metaphorically for 
 to daub over for the purpose of 
 concealment, as distinguished 
 from substantial repair. 
 
 Stk. Palliate. Patch. Vamp. Tinker. 
 Cobble. Bolster. 
 
 Ant. Expose. Repair. Restore. Reno- 
 vate. Redintegrate. 
 
 Plastic, adj. lAaariKos, from 
 
 rrkaa-aeiv, to mould. Is UScd 
 
 in the double sense of having the 
 power (actively) to mould, and 
 capable of being (passively) 
 moulded. 
 
 Syn. to latter. Ductile. Pliant. Yield- 
 ing. Malleable. Tractile. Flexible. 
 
 Ann. Stubborn. Unyielding. Inert. 
 Unnialleable. Inflexible. Inlractile. Un- 
 malleable. 
 
 Platitude, n. Fr. plat, flat. 
 
 Stn. Commonplace. Generality. Truism. 
 Triviality. 
 
 Ant. Sophism. Laconism. Enigma. 
 Dictum. Oracle. 
 
 Platonic, adj. Prom Plato, 
 wlio advocated a spiritual affec- 
 tion between the sexes. 
 
 Stn. Cold. Intellectual. Unsensu^l. 
 
 Mental. Philosophical. 
 
 Ant. Ardent. Animal. Sensual. Pas- 
 sionate. Sexual. 
 
 Plausible, ad,f. Lat. j^laudere, 
 to applaud. That which bears 
 the outward semblance of merit, 
 or seems good at a superficial 
 glance, or wears an air of the 
 genuine. 
 
 Sin. Specious. Superflcial. Passable. 
 Unctuous. Fair-spolcen. Pretentious. 
 
 Ant. Genuine. Sterling. Transparent. 
 Unmistakeable. Profound. 
 
 Plea, n. Low Lat. placitum. 
 Has its technical senses in law. 
 La common paylance as fob 
 
 Stn. Excuse. Vindicat'-ui. JuBtiflcation 
 Ground. Defence. Apohjgy. 
 
 Aht. Charge. Accusation. Impeach 
 ment. Action. 
 
 Pleasant. Fr. plaisant, Lat. 
 placere, to please. 
 
 Stn. GratefuL Agreeable. Acceptabla 
 Pleasurable. Desirable. Gratifying. Cheer- 
 ful. Enlivening. Sportive. 
 
 Ant. Unpleasant. Ungrateful. Dis- 
 agreeable. Obnoxious. Unacceptable. 
 OEfensive. Unlively. Lugubrious. Dull. 
 Ill-humoured. 
 
 Pleasure, w. See Pleasant. 
 Used for gi-atification generally ; 
 that which is morally preferred ; 
 that is, purpose or intention, antl 
 any specific thing which gives 
 pleasure, as, a favour bestowed. 
 
 Stn. Enjoyment Gratification. Sen- 
 suality. Self-indulgence. Voluptuousness. 
 Clioice. Preference. Will. Inclination. 
 Purpose. Determination. Favour. Satis- 
 faction. Indulgence. 
 
 Ant. Pain. Suffering. Afdlction. 
 Trouble. Asceticism. Self-denial. Absti- 
 nence. Disinclination. Aversion. Indis- 
 position. DeniaL RefusaL 
 
 Plebelan. Lat. plebs, the 
 common people. Said of social 
 rank, and of maimers or de- 
 meanour. 
 
 Stn. Low. Vulgar. Low-born. Low- 
 bred. Coarse. 
 
 Ant. Patrician. Noble. Aristocratic. 
 Refined. High-born. High-bred. 
 
 Pledge, n. Old Fr. pU(je, Low 
 Lat. plegium, plegiare, to pledge, 
 probably from prceherc. Some- 
 thing given in security for the 
 execution of a promise or con- 
 tract. 
 
 Stn. Security. Guarantee. Warrant. 
 Hostage. 
 
 Ant. Word. Promise. Assurance. 
 Parole. 
 
 Plenary, adj. Lai. plenarius, 
 from plenus. Full, in some other 
 than a merely physical sense. 
 
 Syn. Full. Abundant. Complete. Bii- 
 tire. Unreserved. Unstinted. Uiire- 
 stricted. 
 
 Ant. Partial. Incomplete. Restricted 
 Reserved. Contingent Temporary. 
 
 Plenitude, w. ^ee Plenary. 
 
294 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Stv. Fulness. Abundance. Amplitude, 
 fxttberance. Largeness. Richness. Com- 
 pleteness. Liberality. Height. Maximum. 
 
 Aht. Scantiness. Insuffldency. Re- 
 ■triction. Partiality. Stint. Narrowness. 
 Poverty. Incompleteness. Reserve. Mini- 
 mum. 
 
 Plenty, n. Lat. phnitas, from 
 plenus,full. See Plenitude. 
 
 Pleonastic, adj. Partaking 
 of pleonasm or redundance. Grr. 
 TTkeovd^eiv, to abound, from 
 irXecov, or TrXe'to)!/, more. Used 
 of expressions of speech which 
 are more than needful. 
 
 Stn. Redundant. Superfluous. Surplus. 
 Inconcise. 
 
 Ant. Requisite. Necessary. Essential. 
 Terse. Concise. Succinct. 
 
 Pliable, adj. Fr. pUer, Lat. 
 pUcare, to fold. Used materially 
 and analogically. 
 
 Stn. Flexible. Supple. Limber. Like. 
 Ductile. Yielding. Manageable. Facile. 
 
 Ant. Stiif. Stubborn. Brittle. Un- 
 bending. Unyielding. Unmanageable. In- 
 exorable. 
 
 Pliant, adj. See Pliable. 
 
 Plodding, adj. Cf. Gael. 
 plod, a clod. As if trudging 
 laboriously and slowly over 
 rough ground. 
 
 Syn. Painstaking. Industrious. Per- 
 •evering. Laborious. Studious. 
 
 Akt. Indiligent. Unindustrious. Dis- 
 tracted. Inattentive. Impatient. Unper- 
 severing. Flighty. Fitful. 
 
 Plump, adj. Germ, plump, 
 rude, coarse, clumsy. It has 
 with us acquired a more pleasing 
 significance. 
 
 Syn. Well-conditioned. Well-rounded, 
 Chubby. Strapping. Bouncing. Fleshy. 
 Brawny. 
 
 Ant. Ill-conditioned. Lean. Emaciated. 
 Scraggy. Weazen, Macilent. Lank. Raw- 
 Loned. Shrivelled. Flaccid. Tabid. 
 
 Plunder, v. tr. Germ, plun- 
 der, baggage, frippery. See 
 Pillage. 
 
 Plunge, v. tr. and int. Fr. 
 lallm^er^, a3 if f|X)lfl J^ftt* J^liini- 
 
 huare, from plumhum, lead. To 
 fall or throw like lead in the 
 water. 
 
 Syn. Dip. Dive. Douse. Du(k. Sub- 
 merge. Immerse. Precipitate. Sink. 
 Overwhelm. 
 
 Ant. Emerge. Issue. Soar. Raise 
 Extricate. Rescue. 
 
 Plurality, n. Lat. plus, more. 
 
 Syn. Multitude. Multltudinousncss. 
 Number. Numerousness. Profusion. Host, 
 Legion. Collection. 
 
 Ant. Unity. Singularity. Oneness. 
 Solitude. Individuality. Singleness. Isola- 
 tion. 
 
 Poetical, adj. Gr. noirja-is, 
 poesy. Having the qualities ot 
 poetry, and also sometimes ex- 
 hibiting in excess the inventive- 
 ness of it. 
 
 Syn. Metrical. Rythmic. Versified 
 Lyric. Rhyming. Imaginative. Creative, 
 Romantic. Fictitious. Dreamy. Flighty. 
 
 Ant. Unmetrical. Unrythniical. Prosaic. 
 Unpoetical. Unversified. Unimaginative. 
 Commonplace. Historical. Mathematical. 
 Logical. Matter-of-fact. Veracious. Sober. 
 
 Poignant, adj. Fr. poindrc, 
 Lat. pungere, to sting. In its 
 oldei and milder sense pungent 
 has taken its place. It now re- 
 fers to acute mental, as pungent 
 to stimulating physical, sensa- 
 tions. See Piercing. 
 
 Pointless, adj. Without 
 point, in tha sense of fixed and 
 vivid significance. 
 
 Syn. Vague. Vapid. Aimless. Inex- 
 pressive. Feeble. 
 
 Ant. Close. Sharp. Telling. Pregnant. 
 Significant. Expressive. Forcible. Epi- 
 grammatic. 
 
 Poise, v. tr. Old Fr. peiser, 
 Lat. pensare, from pendere, to 
 weigh. See Balance. 
 
 Poison, v. tr. Lat. patio, an 
 envenomed potion. 
 
 Syn. Vitiate. Taint Infect Envcnoau 
 Pollute. 
 
 Ant. Purify. Disinfect Depaiate. 
 
 Poisonous, adj. See Poison. 
 
 Syn. Venomous. Infectant. Vicioaa 
 ^ril>(Ptive. yitiatiye. |{o.iious. BwffSI' 
 
Stjnonyjds and Antonyms. 
 
 295 
 
 Malignant Morbific. Peccant. Virulent, 
 i'estiferoiis. Mephitic. Deleterious. 
 
 Aht. Wholegome. Genial. Beneficial. 
 Sanative. Invigorative. Healthful. In- 
 noxious. Restorative. Remedial. Hygeian. 
 
 Polish, v. tr. Fr. polir, Lat. 
 polire. 
 
 Syn, Burnish. Furbish. Levigate. 
 Ant. Abrade. Scratch. 
 
 Polite, adj. Lat. poliius. See 
 Polish. 
 
 Syn. Elegant, Refined. Well-bred. 
 Courteous. Obliging. Complaisant. 
 
 Ant. Awkward. Rude. Uncouth. Ill- 
 bred. Discourteous. Boorish. Clownish. 
 Disobliging. 
 
 Politic, adf. Gr. rrokiriKos, 
 from TToXts, a city. Appertain- 
 ing to state administratioiij or 
 diplomacy. 
 
 Syn. Prudent. Wise. Sagacioufl. Pro- 
 vident. Diplomatic. 
 
 Ant. Imprudent. Unwise. Improvi- 
 dent. Undiplomatic. Impolitic. 
 
 Pollute, v. tr. Lat. poUuere, 
 poUutum. Used physically and 
 morally. 
 
 Syn. Befoul. Taint. Poison. Corrupt. 
 Tarnish. Stain. 
 
 Ant. Purify. Clarify. Disinfect. Filter. 
 
 Pollution, n. See Pollute. 
 
 Poltroon, n. It. poUrone, a 
 lazy beggar, to which has been 
 added the character of cowardice. 
 
 Syn. Scoundrel. Coward. Hound. Skulk. 
 Dastard. 
 
 Ant. Hero. Philanthropist. Gentleman. 
 Benefactor. Model. Example. 
 
 Pommel, v. tr. It. porno, a 
 lump or knob. 
 
 Syn. Beat Thump. Baste. Thrash. 
 Strike. Cudgel. 
 
 Ant. Smoothe. Caress. Pat. Stroke. 
 
 Pomp. See Pompons. 
 
 Syn. Ostentation. Magnificence. Parade. 
 Ceremony. Show. Splendour. Pageantry. 
 Publicity. 
 
 Ant. Quiet. Retirement Simplicity. 
 Unceremoniousness. Lnadornmeut Privacy. 
 I'lainness. 
 
 Pompous, adj. Gr. nonTrr], a 
 j)rocessiov. Displaying pomp or 
 ^rj^jidenr of exhibition ; and often 
 
 used for such exliibitions as are 
 excessive or misplaced. 
 
 Syn. Magnificent Gorgeous. Splen.iiiL 
 Showy. Sumptuous. Ostentatious. Turgid. 
 Stiff. Inflated. Pretentious. Coxcombical. 
 Assuming. 
 
 Ant. Unpretending. Unobtrusive. 
 Modest. Unassuming. Plain-mannered. 
 Humble-minded. 
 
 Pondxbablb, adj. Lat. pon- 
 dus. Of appreciable weight. 
 
 Stn. Appreciable. Determinable. Palp- 
 able. 
 
 Akt. Inappreciable. Indeterminable. 
 Impalpable, imponderable 
 
 Ponderous, adj. See Ponder- 
 able. Of great weight. 
 
 Syn. Weighty. Bulky. Massive. Heavy, 
 Ant. Light Trifling. Airy. Volatile. 
 Subtle. 
 
 Poor, adj. Fr. pauvre, Lat. 
 pauper. The word is used in the 
 broadest sense, as well-nigh 
 synonymous with deficient in any 
 requirement whatsoever. 
 
 Syn. Indigent Moneyless. Impecunious, 
 Penniless. Weak. Meagre. Insufficient, 
 Deficient Faulty. Unsatisfactory. In- 
 considerable. Thin. Scanty. Bald. 
 
 Ant. Rich. Wealthy. Copious. AfiQuent. 
 Abundant LiberaL Large. Ample. 
 Moneyed. Sufficient. Satisfactory. Con- 
 siderable. 
 
 Popular, adj. Lat. Belong- 
 ing to the people, and hence 
 likely to find, or finding favour 
 with the people. 
 
 Syn. Common. Current. Vulgar. Public. 
 General. Received. Favourite. Beloved. 
 
 Ant. Exclusive. Restricted. Scientific. 
 Exoteric. Unpopular. Odious. Detested. 
 
 Populous, adj. See Popular. 
 Full of people, 
 
 Syn. Crowded. Dense. Swarming. 
 Thronged. 
 
 Ant, Deserted. Thin. Scanty. Un- 
 frequented. Unoccupied. Uninhabited. 
 
 Porous, adj. Fr. poreux, Lat 
 poms, a pore. 
 
 Syn. Foraminous. Pervious. Per- 
 meable. Percolable. 
 
 Ant. Impervious. Impermeab!^. J|p. 
 percojable. 
 
296 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Pout ABLE, adj. Lat. jortarc, 
 to carry. 
 
 Syn. Moveable. Handy. Manageable. 
 Light. 
 
 Ant. Ponderous. Immoveable. Awk- 
 ward. Unmanageable. Unhandy. 
 
 PoKTEND, V. tr. Lat. porten- 
 dere, from protendere. 
 
 Syk. Indicate. Threaten. Prognosti- 
 cate. Forbode. Augur. Presage. Herald, 
 
 Ant. Ciontradicr. Negative. Preclude. 
 Forefend. Nullify. Contravene. Avert. 
 
 PoBTENTOUS, adj. See Por- 
 tend. Indicative of ill. 
 
 SvN. Indicative. Suggestive. Threaten- 
 ing. Prophetic. Predictive. Omhious. 
 Premonitory. 
 
 Ant. Auspicious. Hopeful. Cheer- 
 ing. Assuring. Animating. IiJicouragiiig. 
 Joyous. 
 
 Portion, n. Lat. jwrtio. See 
 Part. 
 
 Portly, adj. From port, 
 meaning carriage. 
 
 Syn. Dignified. Burly. Imposing. 
 Ant. Undignified. Unimposing. Mean. 
 
 PORTBAY, V. tr. Pr. portraire, 
 Lat. protrdhere. 
 
 SvN. Draw. Delineate. Represent. De- 
 pict. 
 
 Ant. Misrepresent. Caricature. Mis- 
 portray. 
 
 Pose, v. tr. Fr. poser, to place 
 or bring to a stand. 
 
 Syn. I*uzzle. Perplex. Bewilder. Dumb- 
 founder. Mystify. Embarrass. Daze. 
 Confound. 
 
 Ant. p:nlighten. Unmystify. Indoctri- 
 nate. Initiate. 
 
 Positive, adj. Lat. posUivus. 
 Said of things and persons. 
 
 Stn. Real. Actual. Substantial. Ab- 
 solute. Independent. Unconditional. Ex- 
 plicit. Indisputable. Decisive. Express. 
 Enacted. Assured. Confident Direct 
 Dogmatic. Overbearing. 
 
 Ant. Negative. Insubst-xntial. Unreal 
 Fictitious. Imaginary. Relative. Con- 
 tingent Dependent Conditional. Im- 
 8 lied. Dubious. Questionable. Moral, 
 fncertain. Doubtful. Indirect. Occa- 
 sional. Suspicious. 
 
 3, V. tr. Lat. 
 
 Srv. Occupy. Enjoy Have. Hold. 
 Mjttjrtftlii 
 
 Ant. Abandon. Renounce. -4bjar»v 
 Surrender. Lose. J'orfeit. Resign. 
 
 Possession, n. See Possese. 
 Possible, adj. Lat. possibilis, 
 
 posse, to be able. 
 
 Stn. Practicable. Feasible. 
 Ant. Impracticable. Impossible. 
 
 Posterior, adj. Lat. 
 
 Syn. Later. Subsequent 
 Ant. Earlier. Precedent. Antecedent 
 Prior. 
 
 Posterity, n. See Posterior. 
 
 Stn. Futurity. 
 Ant. Ancestry. 
 
 Postpone, v. tr. Lat. post, 
 afterwards, port ere, to place. 
 
 Sy'N, Defer. Delay. Prorogue. Pro- 
 crastinate. 
 
 Ant. Expedite. Despatch. Accelerate, 
 
 Postulate, v. tr. Lat. postu- 
 tare, to demand, as something to 
 bo conceded without argument. 
 
 Syn. Assume. Presuppose. 
 Ant. Prove. Elaborate. Exemplify. 
 Argue. 
 
 Potent, adj. Lat. potens, fi-om 
 posse, to be able. 
 
 Stn. Powerful. Efficacious. Effective. 
 Active, strong. Energetic. 
 
 Ant. Wealj. Impotent Inefficient 
 Ineffective. Inactive. Fruitless, Inopera- 
 tive. 
 
 Potential, adj. Lat. potent i,i^ 
 potentialis. A word especially 
 of the scholastic philosophy. 
 
 Stn. Possilile, Implicit Undeveloped. 
 Germinative. Immanent Virtual. 
 
 Ant, Actual. I-Jxplicit Developed. 
 Objective. Real, Expres? 
 
 Pound, v. tr. Ang, Sax. piind, 
 a fold or enclosure. 
 
 Syn. Imprison. Cage, Coop. 
 
 Akt. Discharge. Liberate. Release. 
 
 Pound, v. tr. Ang. Sax. 
 punian, to bruise. 
 
 Srs. Beat Bruise. Pulverize. Tritu- 
 rate. 
 
 Aht. Soothe. Stroke. Amalgamate 
 Compound, 
 
 Poverty. Fr. pauvrete, Lat. 
 paupertas. Applied to express 
 want of wealth, and also defi- 
 ciency, naetaphorically, in ar^y 
 
Synonyms and AntoJtynis, 
 
 297 
 
 quality that enriches or adonis. 
 Sec Poor. 
 
 Power, v. Fr. pouvoir, Lat. 
 posse, It. poterc. 
 
 Syn. Faculty. Capacity. Capability. 
 IV)tentiality. Ability. Strength. Force. 
 Energy. Suscptibility. Influence. Do- 
 minion. Sway. Command. Government. 
 Agency. Autborily. Rule. Jurisdiction. 
 WJFoctiveness. 
 
 Ant. Jncjipacity. Incapability. Im- 
 potence. Inability. NW-akness. Imbecility. 
 Inertness. Insusceptibility. Subjection, 
 rowerlessness. Obedience. Subservience. 
 Ineffectiveness . 
 
 Powerful, adj. See Power. 
 
 Practicable, aclj. Gr. irpuT- 
 T€iv, to do, TrpdKTtKos, wMcJi may 
 he done. 
 
 Syn. Possible. Feasible. Usable. 
 
 Ant. Impossible. Impracticable. Un- 
 usable. 
 
 Practice, n. See Practicahlo. 
 
 Syn. Usage. Habit. Exercise. Ex- 
 perience. Exercitation. Action. Per- 
 formance. 
 
 Ant. Disuse. Dlshabituation. Inex- 
 perience. Theory. Speculation. JNonper- 
 formance. 
 
 Pragmatical, adj. Gr. irpay- 
 [lariKos, busy ; and now used in 
 the unfavourable sense of over- 
 busy. 
 
 Si'N. Over-busy. Fussy. Consequential. 
 OflRcious. Meddlesome. 
 
 Ant. Reserved. Unititerfering. Dis- 
 tant. Unconcerned. Inobtrusive. Un- 
 meddlcBome. Inofficious. 
 
 Praise, v. tr. Lat. pretmm, 
 pretiare, tc set a high price upo7h 
 in words.. 
 
 Stn. Eulogize. Laud. Commend. Extol. 
 Applaud, i 'anegyrlze. 
 
 Ant. Blame. ' Censure. Discommend. 
 Reprove. 
 
 Praise, n. See verb. 
 Praiseworthy, adj. Worthy 
 of i)raise. 
 
 Syn. Comnu'ndable. Laudable. Meri- 
 ts, rious. 
 
 Akt. Blameable. Ceusureable. Repre- 
 hensible. 
 
 Preamble, n. Lat. prca, be- 
 fore, and ambulare, to ivalk. 
 
 Stn. Preface. Introduction. Exordium 
 Opening. 
 
 Ant. Close. Term: nation. Peroratioa 
 Finale. Conclusion. 
 
 Precarious, adj. Preces, prayer. 
 Uncertain, as if depending on an- 
 other to grant . 
 
 Syn. Hazardous. Perilous. Uncertain. 
 Riskful. Unassured. 
 
 Ant. Assured. Certain. Systematic. 
 Safe. Immutable. 
 
 Precaution, n. Lat. proe, he- 
 fore, and caverc, cautus, to be 
 aware, or take care. 
 
 Stn. Forethought. Provision. Pro- 
 munition. Anticipation. Prearrangement. 
 Care. Providence. 
 
 Ant. Carelessness. Though tlessia.ss. 
 Improvidence, 
 
 Precede, v. tr. and int. I^at. 
 pirce, before, and cedcre, to go. The 
 word is used abstractedly and 
 relatively; that is, to express 
 either simple precedence, or pre- 
 cedence in relation to another or 
 others. 
 
 Stn. Lead. Introduce. Herald. Usher. 
 Head. 
 
 Ant. Succeed. Follow. 
 
 Precedence, w. See verb. 
 
 Stn. Superiority. Lead. Priority. Su- 
 premacy. Pre-eminence. 
 
 Ant. Inferiority. Sequence. Subordi- 
 nation. Posteriority. 
 
 Precedent, adj. See Precede. 
 
 Stn. Anterior. Prior. Earlier. 
 Ant. Subsequent. Posterior. Later. 
 
 Precedent, n. The same 
 I word as the former, but with a 
 different pronunciation for the 
 i convenience of distinction. Some- 
 thing going before which may 
 serve as a warrant for another 
 thing. 
 
 Syn. Instance. Example. Authority. 
 Warrant. Antecedent. Pattern. 
 
 x\nt. Prohibition. Diswarrant. Dis- 
 allowance. 
 
 Precept, n. Lat, pjrceceptum. 
 
 Stn. Rule. Maxim. Injunction. Com 
 mandment. Doctrine. Direction. Law. 
 
 Ant. Suggestion. Promptinjf. instj 
 gayr>n. lippulse. 
 
298 
 
 Synonyms and Anionytns. 
 
 Preobptob, n. See Precept. 
 
 Stn. Master. Teacher. Pedagogue. 
 Tutor. 
 
 AST. Pupil. Learner. Scholar. Student. 
 
 Precincts, w. Lat. prcecmctum, 
 from prcecingere, to gird about. 
 
 Syn. Purlieus. Environs. Limit. 
 Bounds. 
 
 Ant. Heart. Centre. Nucleus. 
 
 Precious, adj. Lat. joretiosus, 
 from pretium, price. 
 
 Stn. Bear. Valuable. Costly. Cherished. 
 Treasured. Beloved. 
 
 Akt. Cheap. Valueless. Worthless. 
 Unvalued. Disesteemed. Unappreciated. 
 VUe. 
 
 Precipitate, adj. See Pre- 
 cipitous and Eash. 
 
 Precipitous, adj. Lat. prceceps, 
 headlong^ from prae, and caput, the 
 head, 
 
 Stn. Steep. Headlong. Abrupt. Sheer. 
 I'erpendicnlar. 
 
 Ant. Shallow. Graduated. Inclined. 
 Undulating. 
 
 Precise, adj. Lat. prce., and 
 coedere, prcecidere, to cut off, as if 
 pruned of superfluities. 
 
 Syn. Definite. Exact. Nice. Pointed. 
 Accurate. Terse. Punctilious. Cere- 
 monious. Fonnal. 
 
 Ant. Indefinite. Vague. Inexact. 
 Rough. Inaccurate. Loose. Circumlo- 
 cutory. Ambagious. Tortuous. Informal. 
 Unceremonious. 
 
 Precision, n. See Precise. 
 
 Preclude, v. tr. Lat. prce- 
 dudere, to shut out. 
 
 Srn. Prevent. Obviate. Bar. 
 
 Ant. Admit. Promote. IHirther. Ad- 
 vance. 
 
 Precocious, adj. Lat. pros- 
 cox, from prce, before, and coquere, 
 to cook or ripen. The word differs 
 from premature in being used 
 more favourably, and of persons 
 and not plans. 
 
 Syn. Premature. Predeveloped. Over- 
 forward. 
 
 Akt. Tardy. Backward. Slow-growing. 
 Cmde, 
 
 Pbecognition, n. Lat. prm, 
 he/ore^ jill4 cognitiOf knowledge. 
 
 Stn. Foresight. Foreknowledge. 
 Ant. Reflection. Recollection. 
 
 Preconception, n. Proe, he^ 
 fore, and conceptio, from concipere, 
 to conceive. Used of the faculty, 
 and the object preconceived. 
 
 Stn. Forethought. Anticipation. Fore- 
 understanding. 
 
 Ant. Copy. Portraiture. Observation. 
 Vision. Representation. Delineation. 
 
 Preconcerted, adj. Arranged 
 or concerted (Lat. conserere) be- 
 forehand. 
 
 Stn. Prearranged. Concocted. I're* 
 pared. Premeditated. 
 
 Ant. Extemporized. Unprepared. Un- 
 concocted. Unpremeditated. 
 
 Precursor, n. Pro;, before, 
 and cursor, a runner, from cursare, 
 to run. Used of things as well 
 as persons. 
 
 Stn. Forerunner. Harbinger. Herald. 
 Pioneer. Advance-guard. Cause. 
 
 Ant. Follower. Consequent. Result 
 Effect Event 
 
 Precursory, adj. See Pre- 
 cursor. 
 
 Stn. Prevenient Antecedent Intro- 
 ductory. Prefatory. Initiatory. Prior. 
 Premonitory. Prognosticative. 
 
 Ant. Subsequent. Consequent. Posterior. 
 Entailed. Supervenient Eventual. 
 
 Prbdaceous, adj. Lat. proe- 
 dax, given to seiziyig prey, prceda, 
 prey. It differs from predatory, 
 as expressing rather the disposi- 
 tion of animals, while predatory 
 expresses no more than the cha- 
 racter of an incidental action, as, 
 a predatory incursion or war. 
 
 Syn. Ravenous. Rapacious. Carni- 
 vorous. 
 
 Ant. Innocuous. Herbivorous. Gra 
 minivorous. 
 
 Predecessor, n. Lat. prai, 
 before, and decedere, to depart. 
 One who withdraws from a 
 locality, or a government oi 
 place to make way for another. 
 
 Sth. Ancestor. Forerunner. Elder. 
 Ant. Posterity. Juqior. Successor, 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 299 
 
 Phkdestination, n. Lat. 
 
 prcedcstinatio. 
 
 Sth. Foreordainment Foredoom. Ne- 
 eessity. Fate. Election. Preordination. 
 Predetermination. 
 
 Ant. Free-will. Freedom. Volition. 
 Choice. Spontaneity. 
 
 Prediction, n. Lat. prcedi- 
 cere, to declare heforeliand. 
 
 Stn. Prophecy. Prognostication. Vati- 
 cination. Fore-announcement. Prcmon- 
 Btralion. Foretelling. Forebodement Pre- 
 sage. Augury. Foreshowing. 
 
 Ant. Narration, Relation. History. 
 Account. Report. 
 
 Predilection, n. Lat. prop,, 
 "before, and diligere, to love. 
 
 Stn. Prepossession. Preference. I^ean- 
 Ing. Liking. Fondness. Bias. Incluiation. 
 Predisposition. Tendency. 
 
 Ant. Prejudice. Aversion. Indisposi- 
 'tin. Antipathy. Disinclination. Apathy. 
 
 Predisposition, n. Lat. prce, 
 'efore, and disponere, to dispose. 
 See Predilection. 
 
 Predominance, n. Free, he- 
 fore, and Pr. dominant, from 
 dominus, exercising influence. 
 
 Syn. Prevalence. Superiority. Ascend- 
 ancy. Rule. 
 
 Ant. Inferiority, Subjection. Minority. 
 Paucity. 
 
 Pre-eminent, adj. Lat, proi, 
 lefore, and eminere, to he eminent. 
 
 Stn. Paramount. Predominant Egre- 
 gious, Consummate. Prevailing. 
 
 Ant. Subordinate. Inferior. Minor. 
 Secondary 
 
 Preface, n. Pr. 'preface, Lat. 
 prmfari, to speak beforehand. 
 
 Stn. Introduction. Proem. Prelude. 
 Prologue. Preamble, Premiss. 
 
 Ant. Peroration. Sequel. Appendix. 
 Epilogue. Postscript. 
 
 Prefatory, adj. See Preface. 
 
 Syn. Introductory, Prelusive. Initia- 
 tive. Preliminary. Antecedent. Prevenient. 
 Proemial. 
 
 Ant. Subsequent. Concluding, Ter- 
 minal. Perorational. 
 
 Prefer, v. tr. ILatprce, he/ore, 
 and ferre, to have or bear — 
 either externally, and so to pro- 
 Riote or put forward, or iij- 
 
 tcrnally, and so to tsteem be tore 
 another. 
 
 Syn, Choose. Elect. Select, tancy. 
 Promote, Advance. 
 
 Ant, Reject, Postpone. Defer. With- 
 hold. Degrade. Depress. 
 
 Preferment, n. See Prefer. 
 Has, ecclesiastically, the senses 
 of— 
 
 Syn. Dignity. Promotion. Benefice. 
 Ant. Degradation. Deprivation, Sus- 
 pension, 
 
 Prefiguration, n. Lat. pro;, 
 before, and Jigura, a figure. 
 Stn. Type. Adumbration. 
 Ant. Antitype. Fulfilment. 
 
 Prefix, v. tr. Pre and fix. 
 
 Stn. Preface. 
 
 Ant, Append. Subjoin. Suffix. Sup- 
 plement. Add, 
 
 Pregnant, adj. Lat. prceg^ 
 nans, for 2>r(^genans. Prcc, before, 
 and genere, to beget. Used me- 
 taphorically for fullness of a 
 certain quality, meaning import 
 and the like. 
 
 Stn. Procreant. Generative. Prolific. 
 Teeming. Significant. 
 
 Ant. Sterile, Unproductive. Barren. 
 Void. Meaningless. 
 
 Pregnable, adj. See Pregnant. 
 More commonly used in negative 
 composition Lnpregnable. 
 
 Stn. Weak. Exposed. Expugnable. 
 Defenceless, 
 
 Ant, Impregnable. Inexpugnable, 
 
 Prejudice, n. Lat. pro', be' 
 fore, and judicium, judgment. 
 The forming a judgment before 
 trial or without it, and so used 
 in an unfavourable sense of con- 
 demning beforehand in one's 
 ovni judgment, and hence in the 
 derived general sense of harm. 
 
 Syn. Prepossession. Predisposition. Bias. 
 Unfairness. Injury. Harm. Impairment, 
 Detriment. Partiality. Disadvantage. 
 
 Ant. Judgment. Fairness. Impartiality. 
 Advantage. 
 
 Preliminary, adj. Lat. p^-ce, 
 before, and limen, a threshold. 
 Stit. Iptroductory, l^refatory. It^itlf* 
 
,^00 
 
 l^ynonyms and Anfonytm. 
 
 lory. Previous. Proeuiial. Precuraive. 
 Pretusory. Antecedent. Preparatoiy 
 
 Awr. Subsequent. Consequent. Fol- 
 lowing. 
 
 Prkludu, u. Lat. prce, htfcn-e, 
 and ladiis, play. 
 
 Syn. Jutroduction. Preparation. Pre- 
 face. Proem. Prolusion. 
 
 Ant. Sequel, Conclusion 
 
 Peematukb, adj. Lat. proe, 
 hi'forc, and maturus, r7pe. 
 
 Syn. Hasty. Crude. Unantlicnticated. 
 Untimely. Precocious. PrccipiUitc. 
 
 Ant. Ripe. Timely. Seasonable. Op- 
 portune. 
 
 Tremkditatb, V. tr. Lat.^rce, 
 hfore, and medi.tari, to vtieditate. 
 
 SvN. Plan. Propose. Plot. Pre- 
 arrange. I'repare. Precompose. Pre- 
 concert. 
 
 Ant. Extemporize. Hazard. , 
 
 Prbmibe, V. tr. and int. Puv, 
 hifure, and mitteir, misfius, Fr. 
 mcttre, to place. To lay down a 
 statement l)eforelmnd in refer- 
 ence to some other. 
 
 Syn. Announce. Fc restate. Preface. 
 Ant. Add. Append. Infer. Gather. 
 Supplement. Subjoin. 
 
 Premises, v. Lat. pramiissa. 
 'Ihings laid down beforehand as 
 the source of inference or byway 
 of preamble. Stc Preamble. 
 
 Stn. Antecedent. Ground. 
 Ant. Consequent. Inference. Deduction. 
 Conclusiou. 
 
 Premium, n. Lat. prcemium. 
 
 Syn. Reward. Guei'don. Encourage- 
 ment. Douceur. Enhancement. Bribe. 
 
 ANT. Penalty. Fine. Amercement. 
 Mulct. Forfeit. Depreciation. 
 
 Preparation, n. See Prepare. 
 Preparatory, adj. See Pre- 
 pare and Preliminary. 
 
 Prepare, v. tr. Lat. prw, be- 
 fore, and parure, to make ready, 
 
 Syn. Fit. Adapt. QualJPy. Adjust. 
 Provide. Arrange. Order. li\,j. Plan. 
 
 ANT. Misfit. Misadapt. Misprovide. 
 Derange. Disarrange. Demolish. .Subvert. 
 Disconcert. 
 
 Preponderant^ arf/. 
 ponderate. 
 
 Preponderate, v. int. Prce 
 ht'fore, and poudus, a weiyht. 
 Syn. Predominate. Prevail. 
 Ant. Fail. Sink. Stccumb. 
 
 Prepossessing, adj. Pro', he 
 fore, and possidere, possessus, to 
 possess. Used in a favourable 
 sense only. 
 
 Syn. Attractive. Alluring. Charming, 
 Winning. 
 
 Ant. Repulsive. Unattractive. Sinister 
 
 Preposterous, adj. prce, be- 
 fore, and posterus, hehmd. Lite- 
 rally, having that first which 
 ought to be last, as in the pro- 
 verb, * to put the cart before the 
 horse;' hence, generally, out ol 
 due place. 
 
 Svn. Mfjnstrous. Exorbitant. Un- 
 reasonable. Absurd, 
 
 Ant, Just. Due. Fair. Reasonable 
 Moderate, Right. Judicious. Orderly, 
 Sound. 
 
 Prerogative, n. Pro;, before, 
 and rogarc, to ask. Politically, to 
 ask or take votes. The tril)e or 
 century in the Roman public 
 assemblies which was elected to 
 give its vote first was callsd prte- 
 rogativa. 
 
 Syn. Right. Privilege. 
 
 Ant. Disqualification. Disfranchisemenl, 
 
 Presage, ??. Lat. prasagitan, 
 from pra^, hfore, and sagire, tt 
 trace or perceive acutely. 
 
 Stn. Omen. Indication. Prognoelit 
 JVemonitlon. 
 
 Ant. Fulfilment. Invent. Occurrenco. 
 Realization. 
 
 Prescribe, v. tr. Prw, before, 
 and scribere, to vrrite or delineate. 
 
 Syn, Enjoin, Order. Impose. Recom- 
 mend. Indicate. 
 
 Ant. Inhibit. Prohibit. Discountcnanoe. 
 Discommend. 
 
 Prescription, n. See Pre- 
 scribe. It has also the sen^Je ol 
 custom. 
 See Pre- Presence, n. Lat. prcesenUa, 
 frem prae, before, and evse, to 'h, 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 80] 
 
 It has the secondary meaning of 
 carriage or demeanour. 
 
 Stn, Nearness. Influence. Intercourse. 
 Closeness. 
 
 Ant. Remoteness. Absence. Separation. 
 Distance. 
 
 Present, adj. See Presence. 
 
 Stn. See Presence. 
 
 Presentation, n. Lat. prce- 
 sentare. A placing in the pre- 
 sence of another by way of intro- 
 duction or gift. 
 
 Syn. Introduction. Exhibition. Offer. 
 Delivery. Gift. Donation. Bestowal. Grant. 
 Endowment. 
 
 Ant. Withdrawal. Removal. Conceal- 
 ment. Suppression. Retention. With- 
 holding. Refusal. Nonpresentation. 
 
 Presentiment, n. Prce, he- 
 fore, and sentire, to perceive or 
 feel. A feeling not definable of a 
 coming event. 
 
 Stn. Foreboding. Foretaste. Fore- 
 thought. Prescience. Forecast. 
 
 Ant. Surprise. Inexpectancy. Miscal- 
 culation. 
 
 Preservation, n, Lat. jyrce 
 and servare,'Fr. preservation. 
 
 SvN. Safety. Security. Conservation. 
 Integrity. Protection. Nurture. Guardian- 
 ship. Care. 
 
 Ant. Abandonment. Exposure. Peril. 
 Insecurity. Impairment. Infrhigemeut. 
 Injury. Damage. 
 
 President, n. Lat. prce, he- 
 fore, and sedere, to sit. One who 
 sits before others or over them, 
 in an assembly. 
 
 Syn. Chairman. Moderator. Principal. 
 Superintendent. 
 
 Ant. Member. Subordinate. Consti- 
 tuent. Corporation. Society. Ward. In- 
 stitution. 
 
 Press, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 prcmere, pressus. Used literally 
 and metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Urge. Crowd. Compel. Force. 
 Squeeze. Crush. Compress. Express. 
 Constrain. Hurry. Instigate. Inculcate. 
 Impress. Throng. Encroach. Lean. 
 Weigh. Harass. 
 
 Ant. Relax. Inhibit. Persuade. En- 
 tice. Allure. Solicit. Touch. Skim. 
 iirixze. Free. Lil)€rate. Ease. Avoid. 
 iL lieve. 
 
 Pressing, adj. See Press. 
 
 Syn. Urgent. Compulsory. Importu- 
 nate. 
 
 Ant. Unhnportant. Slight. Trivial 
 Light. 
 
 Pressure, n. See Press. 
 
 Presume, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 prce, before, and sumere, to take. 
 
 Syn. Suppose. Anticipate. Apprehend. 
 Venture. 
 
 Ant. Infer. Deduce. Prove. Argne 
 Retire. Withdraw. Hesitate. Distrust. 
 
 Presumption, n. See Pre- 
 sume. 
 
 Stn. Anticipation. Supposition. Hy- 
 pothesis. Probability. Assumption. Un- 
 derstanding. Condition. Concession. For- 
 wardness. Arrogance Audacity. Bold- 
 ness. 
 
 Ant. Proof. Deduction Inferenco, 
 Demonstration. Verification. Fact. Cer- 
 tainty. Modesty. Diffidence. Backward- 
 ness. Bashfulness. Hesitation. 
 
 Presumptive, adj. See Pre- 
 sume. Used of evidence. 
 
 Syn. Probable. Antecedent. 
 Ant. Demonstrative. l*itablished. 
 
 Presuppose, v. tr. Pro; he- 
 forehand, and su2)2xmere. 
 
 Syn. Presume. Assume. Postulate. 
 Surmise. 
 
 Ant. Prove. Estiiblish. Infer. Deduce. 
 
 Argue. Demonstrate. 
 
 Pretence, n. Sp. pretensa^ 
 Lat. prcB, hefore, and tendere, to 
 advance or stretch. Something 
 put forward as a false ground ol 
 action. 
 
 Syn. Excuse. Pretext Fabricatloa 
 Simulation. Cloak. .Mask. Colour. Sb-iw 
 Garb. 
 
 Ant. Verity. Reality. Truth. Sim- 
 plicity. Candour. Guilelessness. Open 
 ness Veritableness. Actuality. Fact. 
 
 Pretend, v. tr. and int. See 
 Pretence. 
 
 Stn. Feign. Simulate. Offer. Allege. 
 Exhibit Propound. Affect 
 
 Ant. Verily. Unmask. Detect. Test 
 Substantiate. Refute. 
 
 Pretender, n. See Pretend. 
 Pretension, n. See Pretend. 
 Pretext, n. Jjat. prcetexfura. 
 
so^ 
 
 Synonyms and Anto,iyiM, 
 
 from pfcSf before, and texere, to 
 weave. See Pretence. 
 
 PBEVAiLiNa, adj. Free and 
 vatere, to avail. 
 
 Stn, Controlling. Ruling. Influential 
 Operative. Predominant. 
 
 Ant. Mitigated. Diminishing. Subor- 
 dinate. Powerless. 
 
 Prevalenok, n. See Prevail- 
 ing. 
 
 Stk. Custom. Power. Influence, 
 Operation. Extension. Predominance 
 Preponderance. 
 
 Akt. Disuse. Desuetude. Obsoleteness, 
 Decay. Evanescence. Disappearance. 
 Mitigation. Diminution, Subsidence, Sub- 
 jection. Subordination. Collapse. Aban- 
 donment. Abolition. 
 
 Peevamoate, V. int. Free and 
 varicare, to straddle. To play a 
 double and dishonest part, as if 
 walking on two levels, or collud- 
 ing with mutually hostile parties. 
 A term of the old civil law. 
 
 Stk. ShuflSe. Quibble. Equivocate. 
 Palter. 
 
 Ant. Aflarm. Asseverate. Maintain. 
 Reiterate. 
 
 Prbvenient, adj. Frw, he- 
 fore, and venire, to come. 
 
 Stn. Preliminary. Prefatory. Antece- 
 dent, Initiatory, Introductory. 
 
 Ant. Subsequent. Consequent. Fol- 
 lowing. Attending. 
 
 Prevent, v. tr. Free, hefore, 
 and venire, ventus, to come. Of 
 old meant to go before to pre- 
 pare the way, now to obstruct it. 
 
 SVN. Hinder. Obstruct. Bar. Neutra- 
 lise. Nullify. Thwart. Intercept. Anti- 
 cipate. Forefend. 
 
 Ant. Promote. Aid. Facilitate, Ex- 
 pedite. Encourage. Advance. Accelerate. 
 Induce. Cause. Produce. 
 
 Prevention, n. See Prevent. 
 
 Previous, adj'. Free, before, 
 and via, a way. 
 
 Stn. Antecedent. Prior. Preceding. 
 Anterior. Foregoing. Former. Earlier, 
 
 Ant. Subsequent. Posterior. Succeed' 
 log. Following. Later. 
 
 Prey, n. Lat. prceda- 
 
 Stn. spoil. Booty. Plunder, luplil* 
 Pillage, Victim. Seizure. Loot. 
 Ant. Earnings. Dues. Rights. 
 
 Price, n. Lat. pretium. 
 
 Stn. Cost. Figure. Charge. Expense. 
 Compensation. Value. Appraisement. 
 Worth. 
 
 Ant. Donation. Discount. Allowonoe, 
 Remittance. Abatement. 
 
 Priceless, adj. See Price. 
 
 Stn. Inestimable. Invaluable. 
 Ant. Cheap. Valueless. 
 
 Pride, n. Ang. Sax. pryta, pryt, 
 
 Stn. Loftmess. Haughtiness. Lordli- 
 ness. Self-exaltation. 
 
 Ant. Lowliness. Meekness. Modesty, 
 Self-distrust. 
 
 Priggish, adj. Like a prig. 
 
 Syn. Coxcombical. Dandified. Foppish. 
 Afiected. Prim. 
 
 Ant. Plain. Sensible. Unaffected. 
 Simple-minded. Simple-mannered. 
 
 Prim, adj. Der. uncertain. 
 
 Stw, Formal, Piecise, Demure. 
 Starched. Stiflf. Self-conscious. Unbend- 
 ing. Priggish. 
 
 Ant. UnformaL Easy, GeniaL Un. 
 affected. NaturaL Free. Naive. 
 
 Primary, adj'. Frimarius, 
 from primus, first. 
 
 Stn, First, Original. Earliest, Ele^ 
 mentary. Chief. Principal, Important 
 Leading. 
 
 Ant. Secondary. Subordinate. Posterior 
 Unimportant. Inferior. Subsequent. Later. 
 
 Prime, n. Lat primus. Ex- 
 pressive of a first or foremost 
 stage of excellence. 
 
 Syn, Zenith, Culmination. Perfection. 
 Dawn. Spring, Cream. Flower. 
 
 Ant, Decadence, Wane. Evening. 11^ 
 fuse. Winter. Decay. 
 
 Prime, adj. See above. 
 
 Syn. Excellent. Superexcellent. First- 
 rate, Perfect. Consummate. 
 
 Ant. Inferior. Impaired. Waning. 
 Deteriorated. Ordinary. Second-rate. Dd» 
 fective. 
 
 Primeval, adj'. Frimus, first, 
 and cevum, aye. 
 
 Syn, Archaic. Primordial. Indigenous. 
 Autochthonic. Aboriginal. Pristine. 
 
 Ant. Subsequent. Recent. Modem, 
 Imported. Adventitious. 
 
 Primitive, adj. Frimus, first 
 or early. Belonging to an earlj? 
 
SijhDnyms and AniomjiM. 
 
 SOS 
 
 Ot past age, but restricted to 
 matters of morals or custom. 
 
 Syn. 01(1-fa8hioned. Primeval. Quaint. 
 Simple. Unsophisticated. Archaic. Pris- 
 tine. 
 
 Ant. Modern. New-fangled. Sophis- 
 ticated. Modish. 
 
 Primordial, adj. Primus, j 
 and oriri, to spring. See Pri- 
 meval. 
 
 Princely, adj. Lat. princeps. 
 
 Syn. Imperial. Munilicent. Magnifi- 
 cent. Superb. August. Regal. Royal. 
 
 Ant. Beggarly. Mean. Niggardly. 
 Poverty-struck. 
 
 Principal, adj. Lat. princi- 
 palis. 
 
 Syn. Highest. First. Main. Leading. 
 Chief. Primary. Foremost. Pre-eminent. 
 Prominent. 
 
 Ant. Inferior. Subordinate. Secondary. 
 Supplemental. Subject. Auxiliary. Minor. 
 
 Principle, n. Lat. princi- 
 pium, a rendering of the word 
 apxv, a term of the Greek phi- 
 losophy. 
 
 SvN. Source. Origin. Motive. Cause. 
 Energy. Substance. Element. Power. 
 Faculty. Truth. Tenet. Law. Doctrine. 
 Axiom. Maxim. Postulate. Rule. 
 
 Ant. Exhibition. Manifestation. Appli- 
 cation. Development. Issue. Exercise. 
 Operation. Formation. Action. 
 
 Prior, adj. JjSLt. former. See 
 Posterior. 
 
 Prismatic, adj. Appertain- 
 ing to, or, in its common sense, 
 formed by a prism, from nplafia, 
 Ijat. prisma, something cut or sawn 
 into faces, npiCeiv, to saw. 
 
 Syn. Iridescent. Opalescent. Poiychro- 
 mutous. 
 
 Ant. Achromatic. Colourless. 
 
 Pristine, adj. Lat. from ob- 
 Bolete pris, whence prior. See 
 Primeval and Primitive. 
 
 Privacy, n. Lat. privus, pri- 
 vate. 
 
 Stn. Retirement. Secrecy. Solitude. 
 Seclusion. Retreat. 
 
 AJTT. P^ib'icity. Ctiriency. Notoriety. 
 Exposure. 
 
 Private, adj. See Privacy. 
 
 Privation, n. Lat. privarc, 
 
 to deprive. 
 
 Syn. Deprivation. Destitution. AbeeOM. 
 Negat ion. Loss. Bereavement. 
 
 Ant. Accession. Supply. Restoration. 
 Benefaction. Ket^titution. Presence. Com* 
 pcnsation. Recovery. Privilege. 
 
 Privilege, n. Lat. privUo- 
 gitim.. 
 
 Syn. Prerogative. Immunity. Fran. 
 chise. Right. Liberty. 
 
 Ant. Disfranchisement. Disqualification. 
 Exclusion. Prohibition. Inhibition. 
 
 Privy, adj. See Private. 
 
 Prize, n. Fr. prise, from pris, 
 part, of prendre^ to take or seize. 
 Something seized or carried oflf, 
 whether unlawfully, as booty, or 
 the reward of successful effort 
 or competition. 
 
 Syn. Booty. Spoil. Plunder. Prey. 
 Forage. Trophy. Laurels. Guerdon. Pre- 
 mium. Honours. Ovation. I'alm. 
 
 Ant. Loss. Forfeiture. Fine. Penalty. 
 Amercement. Sacrifice. Disappointment. 
 Failure. Brand. Stigma. Infamy. Mulct 
 
 Probability, n. Lat. prdbo/* 
 hilis. 
 
 Syn. Likelihood. Presumption. Veri- 
 similitude. Chance. 
 
 Ant. Unfikelihood. Improbability. Im- 
 possibility. Inconceivableness. 
 
 Probable, adj. See Proba- 
 bility. 
 
 Probation, n. Lat. prohatio, 
 probare, to prove. 
 
 Syn. Essay. Examination. Test Trial. 
 Experiment. Proof. Criterion. Touch- 
 stone. Ordeal. Verification. 
 
 Ant. Licence. Irresponsibility. Non- 
 probation. 
 
 Probe, v. tr. Lat. prohat-e, to 
 prove. 
 
 Syn. Prove. Test Scrutinize. Vertfy. 
 Investigate. Examine. Search. Sift Ex- 
 plore. 
 
 Ant. Skim. Misinvestigate. Blinh. 
 Misexamine. Slur. Miss. Qloss. 
 
 Peobity, n. Lat. prohitas. 
 
 Stn. Soundness. Virtue. Integrity 
 Honesty. Uprightness. Rectitude. I'tUi' 
 oiple. Conscientiousness. 
 
304 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Ant. Dishonesty. Disintegrity. Uu- 
 sonndnRSs. Vice. U nconscientlousness, 
 Rogueiy. Rascality. 
 
 Peoblbmatioal, adj. Pro- 
 blem. Gr. irpo, forward, and 
 flfiXXeij/, to cast or place. 
 
 SrN, Dubious. Questionable. Uncer- 
 tain. 
 
 Ant, Evident. Obvious. Self-evident. 
 Certain. DemoDStrable. 
 
 Pboceed, V. int. Lat. proce- 
 dere, to go fonoard. 
 
 Stn. Move. Pass. Advance. Progress. 
 Continue. Issue. Arise. Emanate. Flow. 
 
 Ant. Recede. Deviate. Retreat. Stand. 
 Stop. Stay. Desist Discontinue. Ebb. 
 Retire. 
 
 Proceeding, n. See Proceed. 
 
 Stn. Step. Measure. Transaction. Pro- 
 rodure. Conduct Behaviour. Action. 
 I'roccss. 
 
 Akt. Abandonment Desistence. De- 
 viation. Discontinuance. Inaction. 
 
 Procession, n. See Proceed. 
 A fixed and orderly proceeding 
 or movement of more than one. 
 
 Syn. Train. March. Caravan. File. 
 Cavalcade. 
 
 Ant. Rabble. Herd. Rush. Disorder. 
 
 .Mob. Conlusiou. Rout 
 
 Proclaim, v. tr. Lat. procla- 
 mare, to call out. 
 
 SvN. Announce. Publish. Promulgate. 
 Declare. Enunciate. 
 
 Ant. Repress. Conceal. Silentiate. 
 Obliviate. Secrete. 
 
 Proclamation, n. See Pro- 
 claim. 
 
 Proclivity, n. Lat. procU- 
 vitas, proclivis, prone. 
 
 Stn. Tendency. Propensity. Bias. Gravi- 
 tation. Dlfiposilion. Inclination. Prone- 
 ness. 
 
 Ant. Aversion. Disinclination. Indis- 
 position. 
 
 Procrastination, n. Lat. pro, 
 for, and eras, to-morroru. The 
 habit of putting oif to the mor- 
 row, or indefinitely. 
 
 Stn. Dilatorlnres. Delay. 
 Ant. Timeliness Punctiiality. l^romp- 
 ti'ude. Al.acrify. 
 
 Procure, v. tr. I^at. jnvcu- 
 
 vare 
 
 SvN. Acquire. Provide. iain. Oe» 
 Contrive. Effect 
 
 Ant. Miss. Ijoee, Forfeit Mlspio.ldek 
 Miscontrive. 
 
 Prodigal, adj. Lat. prodigere, 
 from p7-o, and agere, to drive or 
 throw forward or away. 
 
 Sit;. Lavish. Piofuse. Extravagant 
 Reckless. Wasteful. Squandering. 
 
 Ant. Frugal. Saving. Hoanling. Ec<> 
 nomical. Niggardly. Miserly. Close. 
 Close-fisted. 
 
 Prodigious, adj. Lat. prodi- 
 gium, a prodigy. 
 
 Stn. Marvellous. Portentous. Won- 
 derful. Astounding. Enormous. Mon- 
 strous. Amazing. 
 
 Ant. Ordinary. Common-place. Every, 
 day. Usual. Familiar. Moderate, 
 
 Prodigy, n. See Prodigious. 
 
 Produce, v. tr. Lat. produ- 
 cere. 
 
 Stn. Exhibit Bear. Furnish. Afford. 
 Cause. Create. Originate. Yield. Extend. 
 Prolong. Lengthen. 
 
 Ant. Withdraw. Retain. Stifle. With- 
 hold. Neutralize. Destroy. Annihilate. 
 Curtail. Shorten. Contract Reduce. 
 
 Product, n. See Produce. 
 
 Syn. Fruit. Result. Issue. Conse- 
 quence. Effect Emanation. Work. 
 
 Ant. Cause. Principle. Power. Mo- 
 tive. P^nergy. Operation. Action. Ten- 
 dency. Law. 
 
 Productive, adj. See Pro- 
 duce. 
 
 Syn. Fruitful. Prolific. Fertile. Effl- 
 cient Causative. 
 
 Ant. Unfruitful. Barren, Sterile. Un« 
 productive. Inefficient Effete. 
 
 Proemial. adj. Gr. npooifiiov^ 
 from Trpo, before, and ot/ios-, a 
 way. Something which leads 
 the way ; a preface or introduc- 
 tion. S^.e Prefatory. 
 
 Profane, adj. Fro, forth, and 
 fannm,, a temple. Not dedicated 
 to tlio service of any god or 
 temple ; hence unconsecrated, 
 and, finally, unholy. 
 
 Syn. Unconsecrated. Secular. Tempo- 
 ral. Uusimctified. Unholy. Irreliglors 
 Irreverent Ungodly. Wicked Godleaa 
 .'nipions Blaspliemons. 
 
r^nonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 305 
 
 Ant. Holy. Consecrated. Sacred. Spi- 
 ritual. Sanctified. Reverent. Religious. 
 Boiily. Pious, i^evout. 
 
 Profess, v. tr. Lat. profiteri, 
 fesHus. To declare on one's own 
 behalf, whether sincerely or in- 
 sincerely. 
 
 SiK. Declare. Avow, Acknowledge. 
 Own. Confess, ['retend. Proclaim. 
 
 Ant. Conceal. Suppress. Disown. Dis- 
 avow. Repudiate. Renounce. Abjure. 
 
 Proffer, v. tr. Lat. proferre, 
 to lirinq forward, 
 
 Syn, Offer. Propose. Tender 
 Ant. Witlihold. Detain. 
 
 Proficiency, «. Lat. j>ro/icere, 
 to make progress. 
 
 Syn. Success. Advancement. Progress. 
 Improvement. Forwardness. 
 
 Ant. Failure. Backwardness. Unsuc- 
 cess. Tardiness. Relapse. 
 
 Proficient, n. See Profi- 
 ciency. 
 
 Syn. Adept. Master. Expert. 
 
 Ant. Tyro, Novice. Ignoramus. Dunce. 
 
 Proficient, ad//. See noun. 
 
 Syn. Expert. Clever, Practised, Skilled. 
 Trained. Versed. Advanced. Conversjmt. 
 
 Ant. Backward. Ignorant. Unskilled. 
 Inconversant. Ill-versed. Awkward. Clumsy, 
 
 Profit, oi. See Proficiency, 
 
 Syn. Gain. Emolument. Advantage, 
 Avail. Acquisition, Benefit. 
 
 Ant. Loss. Detriment. Damage. Dis- 
 advantage. Waste. 
 
 Profitable, adj. See Profit. 
 
 Syn. Gainful. Advantageous. Desir- 
 able, Beneficial. Useful. Productive. Re- 
 munerative. 
 
 Ant. Unprofitable, Disadvantageous, 
 Undesirable. Detrimental. Unbeneficial. 
 Unprofitable. Useless. Vain. Fruitless. 
 Unproductive. Unremunerative. 
 
 Profitless, adj. See Profit- 
 able. 
 
 Propligaot, ?i. Jjat profltgare, 
 from pro aind fligere, to strike or 
 throw forward or away. A reck- 
 less casting away of what is right 
 and good. 
 
 Stn. Shamelessness. Dissoluteness. De- 
 jHavity. Reprobation. 
 
 Ant. Virtue. Probity. Integriti* Prin- 
 ?5pJ» (^/onsciefitloQsness. 
 
 Profligate, aJj. See Profli- 
 gacy. 
 
 Profound, adf Lat. prof an' 
 dus. Used physically and me- 
 taphorically. 
 
 Stn. Deep. Fathomless, Abysmal. 
 Fanetrating. Intimate. 
 
 Ant, Shallow. Superficial. 
 
 Profuse, adj. Lat. profusus, 
 pro, Mid f under e,fusus, to pour. 
 
 Syh, Copious, I^avish. Prodigal, Boun- 
 tifuL Extravagant. Exuberant. 
 
 Ant. Scanty. Sparing. Chary. Parsi- 
 monious, Niggardly. Churlish. Poor. 
 
 Profusion, n. See Profuse. 
 
 Syn. Copiousness Prodigality. Abun- 
 dance. Exuberance. Extravagance, Mul- 
 titude, Mass. Heap, Load, Flood. 
 Wealth. 
 
 Ant. Scarcity. Economy. Poverty 
 
 Parsimony. Dram, Dole. Driblet. Pit- 
 tance. 
 
 Progeny, n. Lat. progenies. 
 
 Syn. Offspring. Young, Issue, Scion. 
 Offshoot. Descendants, Posterity, 
 Ant. Stock. Parentage, Ancestry, 
 
 Prognostic, n. Gr. npoyvuia-- 
 TiKos, from npo, before, and yiy- 
 vaxTKCLV, to know. 
 
 Stn. Sign. Indication. Symptom. Pre- 
 monition. Harbinger, Token. Presage. 
 Signal. 
 
 Ant. Result. Reminder. Memorial. 
 Record. Register. Misindicatton, Mis- 
 token. 
 
 Peognostioati, v. tr. See 
 Prognostic. 
 
 Syn. ForetelL Presage. Predict. Indi- 
 cate, Betoken. 
 
 Ant. Record. Register, RecaL Re- 
 member. Note, Rehearse, 
 
 Programme, n. From. Gr. 
 irpo, before, and ypdfxfia, a writing. 
 
 Syn, Advertisement, Notice. Plan. 
 Catalogue. 
 
 Ant, Review, Rehearsal. Repetition, 
 Resume, Analysis. Precis. 
 
 Progress, w. Lat. progressus, 
 fiom. progredior progressus, toad- 
 vauce. 
 
 Syn, Advancement. Advance. Move< 
 ment. Proceeding. Way. Journey. Pro< 
 ficiency. Speed. Growth. 
 
 Ant. Delay. Stoppage. Retreat. Stay 
 Hetrogresrdan, Failure, Relapse. 
 X 
 
306 
 
 'Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Proqrbss, v. iv.t. See noun. 
 
 Pkogkesbion, n. See Pro- 
 gross. 
 
 Stn. Series. Gradation. Rate. 
 Ant. Inversion. Diminution. 
 
 Prohibit, v. tr. Lat. proJii- 
 here, hihiius. 
 
 Stn. Forbid. Interdict. Debar, Dis- 
 allow. Inhibit. 
 
 Ant. Permit. Grant. Allow. Sanc- 
 tion 
 
 Prohibition, n. See verb. 
 
 Project, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 projicere, Jectus, jacere, to cast. 
 
 Stn. Throw. Cast. 
 
 Hurl. 
 
 Propel. 
 
 Propound. Intend. Forecast. Jut Ex- 
 tend. Reach. Bulge. 
 
 Ant. Rccal. Withdraw. Draw, Re- 
 tract. Pull. Attract Rebound. Recoil. 
 A dduce. Revert, Rebate. 
 
 Project, n. See verb. 
 
 Stn, Plan, Pui-pose. Design, Scheme, 
 ANTi Hazard. Chance. Venture. 
 
 Projectile, n. See Project. 
 
 Stn. Missile. 
 
 Ant. Weapon. Side-arms. Hand-arms. 
 
 Projection, n. See Project. 
 
 Stn. I'rotuberance. Prominence. Con- 
 vexity. Propulsion. Emission. 
 
 Ant. Recess. Cavity. Concavity. Re- 
 turn. Indentation. Hollow. Attraction. 
 Recoil. Rel)ound. Ricochet. Reaction. 
 
 Prolific, adf. Fr. 'proUfique, 
 Lat. proles, offspring, and facere, 
 to make or pyoduce. See Produc- 
 tive. 
 
 Prolix. Lat. pro, and laxus, 
 loose. 
 
 Stn. Diffuse. Lengthy. Tedious, Cu-- 
 cumlocutory. Prosaic. 
 
 Ant. Condensed. Terse. Epigramma- 
 tic. Curt. Brief. Laconic. 
 
 Prolong, v. tr. Lat. prolon- 
 gare, from longus, Jong. 
 
 Stn, Lengthen. Extend. Protract. Con- 
 tinue. 
 
 Ant. Curtail. Shorten. Contract. Dis- 
 ooniinue. 
 
 Prominent, adj. Jjat. promi- 
 nens, part, oi prooninere, 
 
 Stn. Jutting. I'rotuberant. Relieved. 
 Embossed. Extended, Manifest. Con- 
 spicuous. Emiuent. Distinguished^ SAAin. 
 
 important. IjCading Characttrlsllc. IH* 
 tinctlve. 
 
 Ant, Recoding. Concave, Rebated, la- 
 dented. Hollowed. Engraved, Jiitailed, 
 Withdrawn, Inconspicuous. Minor. Sub- 
 ordinate, Secondary, Unimportant, In- 
 distinctive, Undistinguishable. 
 
 Promiscuous, adj. Lat. pro' 
 miscuus, from pro, and miscere, 
 to mix. 
 
 Stn, Mingled, Confused, Undistin- 
 guished, Unselectod. Unarranged. Undis- 
 tributed. Unassorted. Common. Unre- 
 served. Casual. Disorderly. Unordered. 
 
 Ant. Sorted. Select. Orderly. Arranged. 
 Distributed. Reserved. Assorted. Exclu- 
 sive. Nice. 
 
 Promise, v. tr. Lat. promit- 
 tere, missus. To engage by word 
 of mouth, as distinguished from 
 a bond. 
 
 Stn. Engage. Assure. 
 
 Ant. Covenant. Pledge. Stipulate. 
 
 The word is also used intran- 
 sitively, as, * the thing promises 
 well ;' and when transitive, has 
 either a single or a double accu- 
 sative, as, ' to promise a person,' 
 ' to promise a thing,' and * to pro- 
 mise a person a thing.' 
 
 Promontory, n. Lat. promon- 
 torium, pro, and mons, a moun- 
 tai7i. 
 
 Stn. Headland. Jutland. Cape. 
 
 Ant. Bay. Cove. Recess, 
 
 Promote, v. tr. Lat. promo- 
 
 vc7r, motus. 
 
 Stn. Aid. Further. Advance, Excite 
 Exalt. Raise. Elevate. Prefer. 
 
 Ant. ])lscourage. Repiess. Hinder 
 Check. Allay. l)epress. Degrade. Dis 
 honour. 
 
 Promotion, n. See Promote. 
 
 Prompt, adj. Lat. promptv^ 
 part, of prom ere, to bring forth, tc 
 bring to light or to view. 
 
 Stn, Ready, Alert. Responsive, Ac- 
 tive, 
 
 Ant. Unready. Sluggish. Irresponsive 
 Inactive. 
 
 Promptitude, n. See Prompis 
 
 Stn. Readiness, Quickness, Alertnes* 
 Alacrity. Activity. 
 
 Ant. Unreadiness. Sluggishness. Inao 
 tion. Inertness. Tardiucss. UesitatioQ. 
 
Synonyms unci Antonyms. 
 
 8o: 
 
 Promulgate, v. tr. Corrupted 
 for provulgate. Lat. pro, and 
 vulgus, the common people. The 
 etymology is seen in the synonym 
 Bivnlge. 
 
 Syn. Divulge. Announce. Publish. 
 Spread. Propound. Disseminate. 
 
 Ant. Repress. Conceal. Suppress. 
 \ifle. Hush. Burke. Discountenance. 
 
 Peonk, adj. Lat. promts, 
 Willing forward. 
 
 St». Disposed. Inclined, Bent. Tend* 
 tog. Apt. 
 
 Aht, Indisposed. Disinclined. Unapt. 
 ATerse. 
 
 Pronounce, v. tr. Lat. pro- 
 nuntiare, nwidius, a messenger. 
 
 Syn. Articulate. Utter. Declare, Pro- 
 pound. Delis-er. Assert. Afflmi. 
 
 Ant. Mispronounce. Mispropound. Mis- 
 affirm. Suppress. Stifle. Silence. Choke. 
 Swallow Gabble, Mumble. 
 
 Peonunciation, n. See Pro- 
 nounce. 
 
 Proof, n. Old Fi. pi-ove, Lat, 
 probare, to prove. 
 
 Stn. Test. Trial. Examination. Cri- 
 terion, lissay. Ii]stablishment. Comproba- 
 tion. Demonstration, Evidence. Testi- 
 mony. Scrutiny. 
 
 Ant. Disproof. Failure, Invalidity. 
 Short-coming. Fallacy, Undemonstrative- 
 uess. Reprobation. 
 
 Prop, n. Dutch proppen, to 
 thrust. Staff. 
 
 Syn. Support, Stay, Buttress. Shore, 
 Strut. Pin. 
 
 Ant. Superstructure. Superincunibency. 
 Top-weight. Gravitation. Extirpation. 
 Subverter, Destroyer. 
 
 Propagate, v. tr. and mt. 
 Lat, propagare. 
 
 Syn. Breed. Generate. Produce. Ori- 
 ginate. Spread, Extend. P^xpand. Dis- 
 seminate. DiH"iise. Increase. Multiply. 
 Promulgate. Propound. Broach. 
 
 Ant. Extinguish, Strangle. Stifle. 
 Neutralize, Reduce. Contract. Suppress. 
 Diminish. Fail. Dwindle, Die. Contra- 
 dict 
 
 Propel, v. tr. Lat. propellere, 
 to drive forward. 
 
 SXTS. Hurl. Project. Drive. Urge. 
 AwT Retard. Detwo. Withhold 
 
 Peopensity, n. Lat. p)opeu' 
 sus, propendere, to hang forward. 
 See Proclivity. 
 
 Proper, adj. Lat. proprius. 
 Literally that which is one's own ; 
 hence, secondly, that which is 
 peculiarly, and, lastly, that 
 which is generally, fitting. 
 
 Syn. Peculiar. Appertinent. Personal. 
 Own. Constitutional. Special. Befitting. 
 Adapted. Suited. Suitable. Appropriate. 
 Right. Decent, Becoming. 
 
 Ant. Common, Inapportinent, Alien, 
 Universal, Non-special. Unbefitting. Ud- 
 adapted. Unsulted. Unsuitable. Inappro- 
 priate. Wrong. Indecent, Unbecoming, 
 Improper 
 
 Prophetic, adj. Gr. 7rpo(})rjTr]i. 
 Not so much a foreteller of events 
 as a speaker on behalf of another, 
 from 7rpo(f)dvaL, to speak forth, as 
 on behalf of some god. 
 
 Syn. Predictive, Ominous. Portcntuus. 
 Premonitory. Fatidical, Oracular. >byi 
 Une. 
 
 Ant. Historic. Narrative. Chronic'isl 
 Recorded. Recitative. Commemorative. 
 
 Propinquity, n. Propinq?mt' 
 fvova prope, near. 
 
 Syn. Nearness. Pifeximity, Contignitj 
 A(\jacence. 
 
 Ant. Distance. Remoteness. Longitode. 
 Separation. 
 
 Propitiate, v. tr. rropitius, 
 favourable. To make favourable. 
 
 Syn. Conciliate. Secure. Appease. 
 Willi Reconcile. 
 
 Ant, Exasperate. Alienate, ICstrange. 
 OiTend. 
 
 Propitious, adj. See Propi- 
 tiate. Applied to persons and 
 things. 
 
 Syn. Timely. Favourable. Auspicious. 
 BeneficiaL Friendly. Well-disposed. 
 
 Ant. Untimely. Untoward. Unseason- 
 able. Unfavourable. Inauspicious. Un- 
 friendly. Hostile. Antagonistic. Adverse. 
 Ill-disposed. Unpropitious. 
 
 Proportion, n. Lat. pi-o, and 
 portio, a share. 
 
 Syn. Adaptation. Relation, Rate, Dii,' 
 tribution. Adjustment. Symmetry. In- 
 terrelationship. Uniformity. Correlation. 
 
 Ant. Misproportfon. Misatljustment 
 
 x2 
 
308 
 
 Sifnoiiyms and Antonyms. 
 
 (ncongruity. Disparity. Disharmony. Dis- 
 order, l/relation. Disproportion. 
 
 Peoposal, n. Lat. proponere» 
 to propose. 
 
 SiK. Offer. Overture. Tender. Sug- 
 gestion. 
 
 Ant. Withholding. Withdrawal. Re- 
 tention. Reticence. Dissuasive. Warning. 
 lYohibition. 
 
 Propose, v. tr. See Proposal. 
 
 Pboposition, w. >S'ee Proposal. 
 In addition to the sense of pro- 
 posal, this word has that of— 
 
 Syn. Statement, AflBrmation. Declara- 
 tion. Sentence. 
 
 Ant. Misstatement. Interjection. Babel. 
 Jargon. Sound. Riddle. I'aradox. 
 
 Pbopound, v. tr. See Pro- 
 pose. 
 
 Syn. Propose. Promulgate. Express. 
 Declare. Maintain. Advocate. Propagate. 
 Broach. 
 
 Ant. Repress. Suppress. Contradict. 
 Withdraw. Repudiate. Renounce. Ab- 
 jure. RecaL Retract. 
 
 Pbopriett, n. See Proper. 
 
 Prorogation, n. See Pro- 
 rogue. 
 
 Prorogue, v. tr. Pro^ for- 
 ward, and rogare, to ask, to ask 
 votes. To defer the voting day. 
 
 Syn. Adjourn. Postpone. Defer. 
 Ant. Convene. Continue. Prolong. 
 Expedite. Despatch. 
 
 Prosaio, adj. Having the 
 character of prose (prorsa oratio, 
 straightforward speech) in an ex- 
 cessive degree. 
 
 Syn. Dull. Matter-of-fact. Tedious. 
 Prolix. 
 
 •Ant. Poetia Animated. Interesting. 
 
 Livt'ly. Fervid. Eloquent. Graphic 
 
 Proscribe, v. tr. Pro and 
 acribere, to ivrite. The sense of 
 Itiis word is derived from the 
 ancient Eoman custom of writing 
 UP in public the names of those 
 
 Sersons who were sentenced to 
 ealh, 
 
 Syn. Denounce. Condemn. Reject. In 
 terdict. 
 
 Ant. Permit Sanction. Encoui22-.« 
 Enjoin. 
 
 Prose, n. See Prosaic. 
 
 Prosecute, v. tr. Lat. prose- 
 qui, secutiis. The radical idea of 
 the word is, to follow out. This 
 may be for purposes of investi- 
 gation, as a subject, or an in- 
 quiry, or a person, for the sake 
 of bringing him, as an offender, 
 to justice. 
 
 SxN. Follow. Pursue. Investigate. 
 Conduct. Summon. Arraign. 
 
 Ant. Drop. Discontinue. Abandon. 
 Misconduct. MisinvestiRate. Miss. Libe- 
 rate. Exonerate. Acquit. 
 
 Prosecution, n. See Prose- 
 cute. 
 
 Proselyte, v. Gr. Trpoa-r]- 
 \vTos. Literally, a comer to or 
 comer over; that is, from one 
 religion to another. 
 
 Syk. Convert Catechumen. Neophyte. 
 Ant. Misbeliever. Infidel. Habitue. 
 Pillar, l^op. Buttress. 
 
 Prospect, n. Jjat. prospectus, 
 a look out, from prospicere, to 
 look out. 
 
 Syn. View. Vision. Field. Landscape. 
 Hope. Anticipation. Probability. 
 
 Ant. Viewlessness. Dimness. Obscu- 
 rity. Darkness. Cloud. Veiling. Occulta- 
 tion. Hopelessness. Improbability. 
 
 Prospectus, n. See Prospect. 
 
 SvN. Programme. Plan. Catalogue. 
 Announcement. Bill. Scheme. Compen- 
 dium. 
 
 Ant. Subject. Transaction. Proceed- 
 ing, &c. 
 
 Prosperity, n. Lat. prosper, 
 and prosperus, from pro, accord- 
 ing to, and spes, hope. 
 
 Syn. Success. WeaL Welfare. 
 Ant. Unsuccess. Woe. Adversity 
 Fsvilure. Reverse. 
 
 Prosperous, adj. See Vthg- 
 perity. 
 
 Prostrate, adj. Lai. pro«- 
 ternerCf prostratus, to throw dowi^ 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 m) 
 
 Si'N. Fallon. Fit. Procumbent. Life- 
 less. Ruined. 
 
 Ant. Risen. Vertical. Erect. Up- 
 right. Reirivigorated. Revived. Restored. 
 
 Peostration, n. See Pros- 
 trate. 
 
 Protect, v. tr. Frotegere, pro- 
 tec tus, to cover over, or throw a 
 shield or other guard before. 
 
 Stn. Defend. Fortify. Guard. Shield. 
 Preserve. Cover. Secure. 
 
 Ant. Betray. Endanger. Imperil. 
 Abandon. Expose. 
 
 Protection, n. See Protect. 
 Protector, n. See Protect 
 
 Protest, v. int. When used 
 transitively, it is followed by the 
 prep, against. 
 
 Sin. Expostulate. Remonstrate. De- 
 nounce. Ile[mdiate. Deprecate. 
 
 Ant. Acquiesce. Coincide. Sanction. 
 Subscribe. Endorse. Agree. 
 
 Protract, v. tr. Protrahere, 
 protractus, to draw out. 
 
 Stn. Prolong. Produce. Elongate. De- 
 fer. Extend. Lengthen. 
 
 Ant. Shorten. Abbreviate. CurtaiL 
 Contract. Reduce. 
 
 Protrude, v. tr. and int. Pro- 
 trudere, to thrust forth. 
 
 Stn. Extend. Project. Abut. Jut. De- 
 monstrate. Expose. 
 
 Ant. Recede. Retract. Adduce. Re- 
 press. Suppress. Conceal. 
 
 Protrusion, n. See Protrude. 
 
 Svn. Projection. Protuberance. Con- 
 vexity. Tongue. 
 
 Ant. Recess. Cavity. Hollow. Con- 
 cavity. Mouth. 
 
 Protuberance, n. Projorth, 
 and tuber, any kind of swelling. 
 
 Stn. Lump. ' Swelling. Excrescence. 
 Convexity. 
 
 Ant. Cavity. Smoothness. Planeness. 
 Concavity. Indentation. Hollow. 
 
 Proud, adj. Ang. Sax. 'prtit. 
 
 Stn. AiTogant, Haughty. Imperious. 
 
 Supercilious. Presumptuous. Boastful. 
 
 F;lated. Self-salisfled. Lofty. Imposing. 
 Magnificent, Self-conscious. 
 
 Ant. Deferential. Humble. Affable. 
 
 Unpresunoing. Meek. Lowly. Ashamed. 
 Unlrnposing. Mean. 
 
 Prove, v. tr. Lat. jyrohare. 
 
 Syn. Try. Assay. Test Establisn. 
 Demonstrate. Ascertain. Argue. Show. 
 Confirm. 
 
 Ant. Pass. Pretermit. Misdemonstrate. 
 Misindicate. Refute. Disprove. Contra- 
 dict. Disestablish. Neutralize. 
 
 Proverb, n. Lat. proverhium. 
 A. condensed saying of practical 
 value. 
 
 Stn. Maxim. Apothegm (properly Apo- 
 phthegm). Adage. Saw. 
 
 Ant. Essay. Dissertation. Disquis^ 
 tion. Oration. Diatribe. Yam. 
 
 Proverbial, adj. See Pro- 
 verb. 
 
 Stn. Notorions. Current. Acknow- 
 ledged. Unquestioned. 
 
 Ant. Dubious. Unfounded. Suspicious. 
 Suspected. Questionable. 
 
 Provide, v. tr. Pro, forward, 
 and videre, to see. Used some- 
 times intransitively with the jprep. 
 for. 
 
 Svn. Prepare. Arrange. Procure. Af- 
 ford. Supply. Contribute. Yield. Pro- 
 duce, 
 
 A:?T. Misprovide. Neglect. Overlook. 
 Withhold. Retain. Appropriate. Refuse. 
 Deny. Alienate. Divert, Misemploy. 
 Mismanage. 
 
 Provided, adv. See Provide. 
 
 Stn. Granted. Supposing. 
 
 Akt. Barring, Saving, Excluded. 
 
 Providence, n. See Provi- 
 dent. 
 Provident, adj. See Provide. 
 
 Svn. Forecasting. Foreseeing. Cautious. 
 Considerate, 
 
 Ant. Improvident. Reckless, Cureless. 
 Inconsiderate. 
 
 Province, n. Pro and vincere, 
 to conquer. A country brought by 
 conquest under the dominion of 
 Kome. 
 
 SvN. Tract. Region. Department, Sec- 
 tion. Sphere. 
 
 Ant. Metropolis. Centre. CapitaL 
 
 Provincial, adj. See Pro- 
 vince. 
 
 Svn, Appendant. Annexed. Outlying 
 Rural. Countrified. Rustic. Bcoolic. 
 
 Ant, OentraL Mttropolltan, Mudich 
 Fashionable. Courtly 
 
310 
 
 Synonyms and AnfonyMS, 
 
 Provision, n. See Provide. 
 
 Syn. Preparation. Arrangement. Pro 
 d!jce. Supply. Anticipation. Food. Sup 
 pliea. 
 
 Ant. Neglect Misprovlsion. Forget- 
 fulness. Thoughtlessness, Ovei-sight. Des- 
 titution. Want. Dearth. Starvation. 
 Dole. Pittance. 
 
 Provisional, adj. See Pro- 
 vide. The term expresses that 
 which is contingent upon some- 
 thing else, foreseen, or supposed 
 to be so ; hence, conditional, or 
 upon present circumstances 
 which may alter ; hence, tempo- 
 rary. 
 
 Syn. Conditional. Contingent Hypo- 
 llietical. Temporary. 
 
 Ant. Unconditional. Absolute. Perma- 
 pent. Perpetual 
 
 Provocation, n. See Pro- 
 voke. 
 
 Provoke, v. fr. Lat. provo- 
 mre, to call forth. In tlie first 
 place, simply so ; and hence, as 
 regards the feeling of resent- 
 ment, to irritate. 
 
 Syn. Educe. Summon. Rouse. Irritate. 
 Excite. Challenge. Vex. 
 
 Aht. Allay. Relegate. Pacify. Soothe. 
 Conciliate. 
 
 Prowess, n. From the Old 
 English adjective prow, from pro- 
 bus, having good knightly quali- 
 tits. 
 
 Syn. Bravery. Valour. Gallantry. 
 Might ^ 
 
 Ant. Cowardice. Weakness. Pol- 
 troonery. Dastardliness. 
 
 Prowl, v. int. Old English. 
 
 Syn. Rove. Roam. Wander. Prey. 
 Ant. Fly. Swoop. Chase. Scour, 
 
 Proximity, n. Lat. proximus, 
 nearest. See Propinquity. 
 
 Proxy, n. A contraction of 
 procuracy, from Lat. procurator, 
 a proctm- or substitute. 
 
 Syn. Agency. Substitution. Represen- 
 tation. Agent Substitute. Representa- 
 tive. [)eputy. Commissioner. Lieutenant. 
 Delegate. 
 
 .Ant. Principalship. Personaliiy. Prin- 
 tlpal Person. Authorlly Deputcr. 
 
 Prudent, adj. Lat. prudent 
 for providens. Another form ol 
 the word provident. 
 
 Sym. Wise. Wary. Cautious. Circnm< 
 spect Discreet Careful. 
 
 Ant. Foolish. Unwary. Incautious. 
 Uncircumspect Indiscreet. Rash. Impru- 
 dent Silly. Recicless. Audacious. 
 
 Prune, v.. tr. Por an old word 
 preen. 
 
 Syn. Trim. Lop. Dress. Amputate. 
 Ant. Pamper. Train. 
 
 Pry, v. int. Probably conn, 
 with prey and prowl. 
 
 Syn. Peer. Peep. Scrutinize. Inquire. 
 Ant. Connive. Overlook. Disregard. 
 Pretermit. 
 
 Public, adj. Jjatpublicm, for 
 populicus, belonging to the people. 
 
 Syn. Open. Notorious. Common. So- 
 cial. National. 
 
 Ant. Close. Secret. Private. Domestic. 
 Secluded. Solitary. Personal Individual 
 
 Publication, n. See Public. 
 The word is also used of the 
 thing published. 
 
 Syn. Promulgation, Notification, Pro- 
 clamation. Divulgation. 
 
 Akt. Suppression. Reservation. Con- 
 cealment 
 
 Publicity, n. The state of 
 being publicly known as opposed 
 to suppression of tilings, or re- 
 tirement of persons. See Public. 
 
 Puerile, adj. Lat. puer, a 
 boij. 
 
 Syn. Childish. Futile. Nugatory. Weak. 
 Silly. Trifling. 
 
 Ant. Manly. Vigorous. Efifective. Pow- 
 erful Cogent Weighty. 
 
 Puerility, n. See Puerile. 
 
 Puff, v. tr. Germ, puffen. 
 Used metaphorically for, to in- 
 flate with praise. 
 
 Si-N. Flatter. Advertise. Ilawk. Ven- 
 tilate. 
 
 Ant. Squash. Disparage. Lash. Cbaa- 
 tise. Blast 
 
 Pugnacious, adj. Lat. pugnax^ 
 given to fighting, pugna, a fight. 
 Syn. Quarrelsome. Bellioose. 
 Ant. Peaceable. Conciliatory. S««vity. 
 
Synofiifins and Antonyms. 
 
 311 
 
 PtJLTi, V. tr. Ang. Sax. 'puUian. 
 
 Syn. Draw. Drag. Adduce. Extract. 
 Pluck. 
 
 Ant. Push. Eject. Extrude. Propel. 
 
 Pummel, v, tr. It. porno, an 
 apple, or any round knob, as of 
 a stick or sword-handle. See 
 Pommel. 
 
 Pump, v. tr. Fr. pompe, a 
 'pump. Metaphorically and col- 
 loquially used in the following 
 
 senses — 
 
 Syn. Cross-examine. Interrogate. Cross- 
 question. 
 
 Ant. Prime. Indoctrinate, instruct. 
 Cram. 
 
 Punch, v. tr. Fr, poingonner, 
 Lat. pumgere, punctus, to prick. 
 Applied to persons and things. 
 
 Syn. Perforate. Poke. Pierce. Puncture. 
 Terebrate. Bore. 
 
 Ant. Stop. Plug. Seal. Bung. 
 
 Punctilious, adj. Sp. puv- 
 tillo, a dimin. of Lat. punctum. 
 A little or nice point of etiquette, 
 or otherwise. 
 
 Sin. Ceremonious. Nice. Scrupulous. 
 Exact. 
 
 Ant. Unceremonious. Unscrupulous. 
 
 Punctual, adj. See Puncti- 
 lious— in the sense of which it 
 was once employed; now re- 
 stricted to the observance of 
 points of time. 
 
 Syn. Exact. Prompt. Early. Timely, 
 Ant. Late. Tardy. Behindhand. Be- 
 lated. Dilatory. Unpunctual. 
 
 PUNCTUKE, n. and v. See 
 Punch. 
 
 Pungent, adj. Fart, of Lat. 
 pungere, to prick. 
 
 Syn. Pricking. Piercing. Acrid, Mor- 
 dant. Biting. Slinging. Stimulating. Keen. 
 Trenchant. Caustic. 
 
 Ant. Soothing. Mellow, Luscious. 
 Unctuous. 
 
 Punish, -y. ^r. Ij&i. punlre. 
 
 SiK. Chastise. Castigate. Chasten. ^ 
 
 Ant. Rewitrl, Recompense, Kemuuerate. I !jtietration 
 iBUemnify. i tersioa. 
 
 Puny, adj. Old Fr. piusne, 
 Fr. ptcis ne, Lat. post 7uUus, born 
 last, or youngest. 
 
 Syn. Petty. Undeveloped. UnJersized. 
 Feeble. Pigmy. Dwarfish. 
 
 Ant. Great. Developed. Fine. Robust, 
 Vigorous. Oversized. Colossal. Gigantic. 
 
 Pupil, w. Lat. pupillus, dim 
 of pupus, boy. 
 
 Syn. Scholar. Learner. Tyro. Novice. 
 Ward. 
 
 Ant. Teacher. Master. Proficient. 
 Adept. Guardian. 
 
 Pupilage, n. See Pupil. 
 
 Syn. Minority, Discipleship. Ward 
 ship. Tutelage. Dependence. Government 
 
 Ant. Majority. Mastership. Guardian- 
 ship. Discretion. Independence, 
 
 Puppet, n. Written also Pop- 
 pet. Fr. poupee, a doll, Lat. 
 pupa. Used illustratively for a 
 person of high station, but with- 
 out real power. 
 
 Syn. Doll. Image. Lay-figure. Tool. 
 Ant. Personality. Power. 
 
 Puppy, w. In the sense of 
 fop is not to be confounded mth 
 puppy, another form of pup, a 
 small dog. It is of the same 
 derivation as puppet, which see. 
 
 Syw. Fop. Coxcomb. Prig. 
 Ant. Boor. Clown. Lout. 
 
 Purblind, adj. Now used in 
 the sense of partly blind, pro- 
 bably from a confusion with the 
 par, or parboiled, or part- boiled ; 
 but originally it meant entirely 
 blind— pure, or purely blind. 
 
 Syn. Blinkard. Owl-eyed. Short- 
 sighted. 
 
 Ant. Eagle-eyed. Hawk-eyed. Lynx- 
 eyed. Argus-eyed. Far-sighted. 
 
 Pure, adj. Lat, purus. 
 
 Syn. Clear. Unmixed. Simple. Genuine, 
 Unadulterated. Uncorrupted. Unsullied. 
 Clean. Spotless, Immaculate, Undefiled. 
 Guileless. Innocent. 
 
 Ant. Foul, Turbid. Impure. Adul- 
 terated. Corrupt. Sullied. Stained. Tar- 
 nished. Defiled. Mixed. Guilty. 
 
 Purgation, n. Lat. purgatio. 
 
 Sym. Clearhig. Cleansing. PurificatioB 
 Clarification. Defecation, 1^ 
 
312 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 Ant. ImpulaJon. Contraction, J)eflle- 
 Eciit. Befonlment 
 
 Purge, v. tr. See Purgation. 
 
 Purify, v. tr. Purus, pure, 
 nndfdccre, to malce. See Purge. 
 
 PuiiiTANiCAL,ac?;. Like in creed 
 or in demeanour to the Puritans. 
 
 Syn. Prudish. Ascetic. Demure. 
 Ant. Genial. Dissolute. Volnptuous. 
 llakisb. 
 
 Purity, n. See Pure. 
 
 Purlieu, n. Oftener used in 
 the plural. A corruption of 
 pxralee, for p02ir and aller. A 
 liberty or district in the neigh- 
 bourhood of a forest, defined by 
 perambulation in old times. 
 
 Syn. P^nviron, Precinct. Suburb. 
 Ajst, Centre. Heart 
 
 Purloin, v. tr. Old Fr. pour- 
 loignier. Not to carry a long 
 way oflF, but to retard or delay ; 
 hence, in the secondary sense, to 
 keep back furtively. 
 
 Stx. Steal. Filch. Thieve. 
 Ant. Reinstate. Restore. Seize. Plun- 
 der 
 
 Purport, n. Old Fr. pwport, 
 horn pur iox pour, for, and porter, 
 to carry. 
 
 Stn. Tendency. Meaning. Import 
 Bearing. Signification. Drift, Tenonr. 
 Current. 
 
 Ant. Statement. Assertion, Declara- 
 tion. Proposition, Announcement. 
 
 PuRPOSit, V, tr. and int. Der. 
 uncertain. Perhaps another 
 form of propose, from the French 
 jioar, forward, the Lat. pro and 
 'jioser, from ponere, to piut; but 
 more probably the French pour- 
 prnser, to think beforehand, 
 
 Stn. Intend. Determine, Design. Re- 
 solve. 
 
 Ant, Cliance. Risk. Hazard. Revoke. 
 Wiscalculate. Venture. Stake. 
 
 PuRPOBE, n. See verh. 
 
 Stn. Intention, r>esign, Mind. Mean- 
 ing. View. Object. Aim. l<;n(l. Scope. 
 Point. Resolve. 
 
 Aht. Chance. Fortune, t'alo. Acd- 
 dent. Hazard, l^ot. Casualty. Jittery 
 Hit. 
 
 Pursue, v. tr. The same 
 word as prosecute, but coming 
 through the French pourmivre, 
 and not directly from the Latin 
 
 prosequi, secutus. See Prosecute, 
 
 Pursy, adj. Fr. poussif, from 
 pousse, asthma. 
 
 SvN. Short-winded, Thick-Minded 
 Short-breathed. 
 
 Ant. Lithe, Agile, Long-winded. 
 
 Purulent, adj. Pus, corrupt 
 matter. 
 
 Syn, Feculent, Festering. Corrupt 
 Ant. Secretional. Healthy. 
 
 Purvey, v. tr. Fr. pourvofr, 
 the Jjniin pro7ndere, so that pur- 
 vey is the French form of pro- 
 vide, the latter coming directly 
 from the Latin. It is by commcn 
 usage restricted to the procuring 
 of provisions. See Provision, 
 
 Push, v. tr. Fr, pousser, Lat 
 pulsar e. 
 
 Syn. Press. Drive. Impel. I'ropel 
 Butt, Thrust. Urge. ICxpedite, Acce- 
 lerate, Reduce. 
 
 Ant, Pull, Draw. Drag. Adduce, 
 
 Pusillanimity, n. Pusillus, 
 dim. of pusus, conn, \n\hpuer, a 
 little hoy, and animus, the mind. 
 
 SvN. Cowardice. Dastardliness. Mean 
 spiritedness. Faint-heartedness. Timidity 
 Poltroonery. 
 
 Ant. Magnanimity. Fortitude, Courage. 
 Bravery. Venturesomeness. Daring. 
 Heroism. 
 
 Pusillanimous, adj. See 
 Pusillanimity. 
 
 Put, v. tr. Dan. p^Ute. 
 
 Sm. Place. I^ay. Set, Propose. 
 Ant, Remove. liaise. Displace, 
 Transfer. Withdraw. 
 
 Putative, adj'. Jj^d. putativufi, 
 
 putare, to think. 
 
 Syn. Reckoned. Supposed, Docmea 
 Reported. 
 
 Ant. Real. Autheiiii rated. Verlut.la 
 EBt.abiitiite(l. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 313 
 
 ItiTH), adj. Putidus^ from 
 put ere, to stink. 
 
 Syn. Stinking. Corrupt. Offensive. 
 Rotten. Foul. Mean. Base. Worthless. 
 
 Ant. Wholesome. Sound. Inoffensive. 
 I*nre. Redolent Fresh. Honourable. 
 Worthy. 
 
 Putrefy, v. tr., but more com- 
 monly intransitive. 
 
 Syk. Rot. Corrupt. Decompose. De- 
 cay. 
 
 Ant. Preserve. Embalm. Freshen. 
 Vitalize. Purify. Depurate. Disinfect. 
 
 Putrid, adj. Lat. putridus, 
 ■pntrere, from putris, rotten. 
 
 Stn. Rotten. Decayed. Decomposed. 
 Stinking. 
 
 Ant. Fresh. Wholesome. Healthful. 
 Sweet. 
 
 Puzzle, v. tr. Low Germ. 
 imsseln, conn, with pose. 
 
 Syn. I'osc. Perplex. Embarrass. Be- 
 wilder. Confound. Mystify. 
 
 Ant. Enlighten, instruct. Illumine. 
 
 Puzzle, n. See verh. 
 
 Stn. Embarrassment* Bewilderment. 
 Enigma. Confusion. Conundrum. Intri- 
 cacy. Labyrinth. 
 
 Ant. Disentanglement. Solution. Ex- 
 plu nation. Extrication. Clue. 
 
 Q. 
 
 Quack, n. From the cry. 
 One who yannts his wai'es or 
 medicines. 
 
 Syn. Empiric. Mountebank. Charla- 
 tan. Impostor. I'retender. 
 Ant. Dupe. Gull. Victim. 
 
 Quackery, n. See Quack. 
 Quaff, v. tr. Swed. qvd/a, to 
 
 uuffocdti', immerse. 
 
 ' Syn. Drink. Swallow. Imbibe. 
 Ant. Disgorge. Spew. Vomit. 
 
 Quail, v. int. Ang. Sax. cwe- 
 lan, to die. 
 
 Sts. Sink. Shrink. Cower. Succumb, 
 Crouch. Flinch. 
 
 Akt. Stand. Defy. Withstand. Face. 
 Endure. 
 
 Quaiht, adj. Partly from 
 coynitns, and partly from comp- 
 
 Sts. Curious. Recotditc. Abstruse. 
 Klcgant. Nice. Affected. Whimsical 
 Odd. Antique. ArchaJa Fanciful. Siii" 
 gular. Old-fashioned. 
 
 Ant. Commonplace. Ordinary. Usual. 
 Coarse. Common. Modern. Modish. Fa- 
 shionable. Dowdy. 
 
 Quake, v. int. Ang. Sax 
 
 civacian. 
 
 Syn. Tremble. Shake. Shudder. Vi- 
 brate. Quiver. 
 
 Ant. Stand. Rest Root. 
 
 Qualification, n. See Qua- 
 lify. 
 
 Syii. Capacity. Fitness. Condition. Re- 
 quirement. Ijimitation. Mofiitication. 
 
 Ant. Incapacitj'. Unfitness. Absols;*- 
 ness. Disqualification. Non-qualification. 
 Unrestrictedness. 
 
 Qualify, v. tr. Lat. qmilis^ such 
 as, and/ace?'e, to make. To make 
 such as a state or circumstances 
 require. So to qualify a person 
 for an office, or a statement by 
 such limitations as the case de- 
 mands. 
 
 Syn. Fit Prepare. Adapt. Capacitate. 
 Tjimit Restrict 
 
 Ant. Unlit Misprepare. Misqualify. 
 Disqualify. Incapacitate, Free. Absolve. 
 
 Quality, n. See Qualify. 
 
 Syn. Condition. Character. Sort. Kind. 
 Description. Capacity. Power. Virtue. 
 Nature. Tendency. 
 
 Ant. Anomalousness. Heterogeneous- 
 ness. Nondescript Incapacity. Weak- 
 ness. Indistinctiveness. Ineffectiveness. 
 Disqualification. Negation. Disability. 
 
 Qualm, n. Ang. Sax. avellan, 
 to slay. An attack of deadly 
 sickness. Used metaphorically 
 for misgiving of the conscience. 
 
 Syn. Mi.sgiving. Remorse. Scruple. 
 Penitence. 
 
 Ant. Comfort. Ease. Self-satisfaction. 
 Self-approval. 
 
 Quandary, n. Fr. qu*en di- 
 rai je ? what shall I say of it ? 
 
 Syn. Hobble. Difficulty. D«ubt Per- 
 plexity. Bewilderment Dubitation. Hal^ 
 ing. Dilemma. Embarrassment. 
 
 Ant. Clearsightedness. Resolution. Plain' 
 ness. Clearness. Obviousness. Fariliiy. 
 Disencumbrance. Disentanglement. l;i» 
 embarrassment 
 
314 
 
 St/n6ii^ms and Antonyms. 
 
 Quantity, n. Lat. (juanius, 
 how much. 
 
 Snr. Measure. Amount. Bulk. Size. 
 Sum. Portion. 
 
 Akt. Margin. Deficiency. Deduction. 
 Want. Inadequacy. Scantinei?s. Insuffi- 
 ciency. Loss. Deterioration. Diminution. 
 Waste. Wear. Leakage. 
 
 Quarrel, n. Lat. querela, a 
 complaint. 
 
 Syn. Brawl. Altercation. Affray. 
 Squabble. Feud. Tumult Dispute. 
 Wrangle. Variance, Disagreement. Mis- 
 understanding. Hostility. 
 
 Ant. Confabulation. Conversation. 
 Chat. Pleasantry. Conciliation. Agree- 
 ment. Harmony. Understanding. Friend- 
 liness. Peace. Amily. Good-wilL 
 
 Quarrel, v. int. See noun. 
 
 Quarrelsome, adj. See 
 Quarrel. 
 
 Sin. Choleric. Irascible. Petulant 
 Litigious. Pugnacious. 
 
 Ant. Peaceable. Amenable. Genial. 
 Unquarrelsome. Inoffensive. Mild. Meek. 
 Conciliatory. Bland. Suave. 
 
 Quarter, n. A division of 
 space, especially one of the four 
 quarters of the heavens; hence 
 a space or margin of forbear- 
 ance. 
 
 SrK. Mercy. Forbearance. Pity. 
 Ant. Extermination, Mercilessness. 
 Uusparingness. Pitilessness. liuthlessness. 
 
 Quash. Fr. casser, Lat. quas- 
 sare, from quafere quassum, to 
 shake to pieces. 
 
 Sym. Crush. Extinguish. O^el•throw. 
 Annihilate. Annul. Nullily. 
 
 Ant. Sap. Undermine. Disorganize. 
 Decompose. 
 
 Quaver, v. int. Old Eng. 
 quaoe, to shake. See Quake. 
 
 Queer, adj. Germ, queer, 
 eroHh, athwart. 
 
 SvN. Odd. Whimsical. Quaint Cross. 
 Strange. Crotchety. 
 
 Akt. Ordinary. Common. Usual. Fa- 
 miliar. Customary. 
 
 QuKLL, V. tr. See Qualm. 
 
 Stn. Extinguish. Crush. Reduce. Allay. 
 Stifle. Quiet. Pacify. Quench, 
 
 Akt Foster. Excite. Fan. Aggravate. 
 Mir. Irritate. Diaiurb. Raise. Inflame. 
 
 Quench, v. tr. ALg. Sa*. 
 cwencan. See Quell. 
 
 QUERIMONIOUS, adj. Qucri- 
 monia, a complaint, from queri^ 
 to complain. Given to complain- 
 ing or resisting. 
 
 SvN. Malcontent Dissatisfied. Opposi* 
 titious. Litigious. 
 
 Ant. Contented. Satisfied. Complacent 
 Amenable. Conformable. 
 
 Querulous, adj. See Queri- 
 monious. It has much the same 
 meaning as querimonious, but ia 
 more objective in its force, im- 
 plying the expression of the qua- 
 lity of querimoniousness in look,, 
 manner, &c. 
 
 Syn. Quarrelsome Complaining. l")is- 
 satisfled. Chiding. Muimnring. Whining, 
 Peevish. Fastidious, Irritable. 
 
 Ant. Easy. Uiicomplnining. Satisfied, 
 Contented. Submissive. Genial, CompLi- 
 cent Cheerful. Good-tempered. 
 
 Question, v. ir. Lat. quwstlo. 
 
 Stn. Ask. Inquire. Interrogate. Doubt. 
 Investigate. Dubitate. Controvert. Dis- 
 pute. 
 
 Ant. Dictate. State. Assert, Pro- 
 nounce. Enunciate. Concede. Endorse. 
 Affirm. Grant Allow. 
 
 Question, n. See verb. 
 
 Syn. Inquiry. Interrogation. Doubt 
 Scrutiny. Investigation. Topic. 
 
 Ant. Reply. Response. Solution. An- 
 ewer. Explanatioiu Admission. Conces- 
 sion. 
 
 Questionable, adj. See Ques- 
 tion. 
 
 Syn. Doubtful. Dubious. Problema- 
 tical. Disptitable. Debatable. 
 
 Ant. Certain. Evident Self-evident 
 Obvious. Indisputable. 
 
 Quibble, v. int. Perhaps from 
 the Lat. quid, what — what yon 
 please. 
 
 Syn. Shuffle.^ Evade. Trifle, Cavil. 
 
 Ant, Reason. Argue. Enunciate. In- 
 vestigate. Discuss. 
 
 Quibble, n. See verb. 
 
 Quick, adj. Old. Eng. If 
 had originally the sense of alive, 
 as, 'the quick and the dead, 
 
Bynoni/ms and Antonyms. 
 
 fiow of rapid movement, as a 
 sign t)f active life. 
 
 St». Fast. Rapid. Speedy. Expedi- 
 tious. Swift. Hasty. Prompt. Ready. 
 Active. Brisk. Nimble. Lively. Agile. 
 Alert. Sprightly. Trausient. Intelligent. 
 Irascible. 
 
 Ant. Slow. Tardy. Sluggish. Inert. 
 Inactive. Dull. Insensitive. 
 
 Quicken, v. tr. See Quick, 
 
 Syk. Accelerate. Animate. Hasten. 
 Urge. Excite. Promote. Expedite. 
 
 Aht. Retard. Delay. IDncuniber. Clog. 
 Drag. Detain. Discourage. Allay. 
 
 Quiet, n. Lat. quies. 
 
 Stn. Rest. Repose. Stillness. Calm. 
 Appeasement. Pacification. Silence. Peace. 
 
 Ant. Unrest. Motion. Noise. Agita- 
 tion. E.xciteraent. Disturbance. Turmoil. 
 Tumult. 
 
 Quiet, v. tr. See noun. 
 
 Sin. Allay. Appease. Still. Pacify. 
 Hush. Lull. Tranquillize. Soothe. Calm. 
 
 Ant. Rouse. Excite. Disturb. Agi- 
 tate. Stir. Urge. Goad. 
 
 Quit, v. tr. Lat. quies. To 
 leave quiet, that is, to abandon, 
 as a place or a claim. 
 
 Syn. Leave. Resign. Abandon. Re- 
 linquish. Discharge. Release: 
 
 Ant. Seek. Occupy. Invade. Bind. 
 Enforce. Haunt. Enter. 
 
 Quite, adv. Fr. quitte, dis- 
 charged, free, dear. With the 
 sense of acquit, which is, literally, 
 to quiet the mind of any by re- 
 leasing it from obligations or 
 claims, and so leaving it quiet. 
 
 Syn. Perfectly. Entirely. Completely. 
 Wholly. Truly. 
 
 Ant. Partially. Imperfectly. Barely. 
 InsuflQciently. Hardly, 
 
 Quittance, n. Fr. quittance. 
 SomethiDg paid or granted for 
 the quieting of the mind of a 
 debtor. 
 
 Srw. Discharge. Absolution. Remis- 
 sion. Release. 
 
 AST. Distraint. Exaction. Bond, Debt. 
 Obligation. 
 
 QuiVFB, V. int. See Quaver. 
 
 Quote, v. tr. Lat. quotas, 
 what in order, what number. 
 
 315 
 
 Stn. Cite. Name. Adduce. Pie*!. 
 Allege. 
 
 Ant. Disprove. Reftte. Retat. Op> 
 pose. Rebut. Contradict. Traverse. Mis- 
 quote. Misadduce 
 
 R. 
 
 Eabble, n. Old Fr. rapaille, 
 from raper, to rake. The rakings 
 or scrapings of the people. 
 
 Stn. Crowd, Mob, Scum. Dregs. 
 Riff-raff. 
 
 Ant. Elite. Aristocracy. Galaxy. 
 Bevy. 
 
 Rabid, adj. Lat, raVulua, 
 
 Stn. Furious. Raging. Mad. Infu- 
 riated. Maniacal. Frantia 
 
 Aht. Rational Sane. Reasonable, 
 Sober, 
 
 Eaoy, adj. Fr. race, Lat. radix, 
 Eng. race. Of fine flavour, as 
 indicating a fine source, 
 
 Stn. Fine-flavoured. Fresh. Rich, 
 Pungent. Piquant. Spirited. Smart. 
 
 Eaok, V. tr. See Torture. 
 
 Eadiance, n. See Eadiant. 
 
 Eadiant. Lat. radians, part. 
 of radiare — from radius — to emit 
 rays, especially of light. 
 
 Stn. Beaming. Lustrous. Brilliant. 
 Glittering. Splendid. Luminous. Glorious. 
 Beauteous. 
 
 Ant. Dull. Lustreless. Non-luminous. 
 
 Eadical, adj. Lat. radix, a 
 root. PertainiDg to the root. 
 
 Stn. Original. Fundamental. Tho- 
 rough-going. Unsparing. Extreme. En- 
 tire. Innate. Natural. Essential. Im- 
 manent. Ingrained. Underived. Deep- 
 seated. 
 
 Ant. Derived. Ascititious. Adv«»t1- 
 tious. Superficial. Extraneous. Partial. 
 Moderate. Conservative. Acquired. 
 
 Eagb. n. Lat. rahies, Fr. rage. 
 Any manifestation of ungovemed 
 passion. 
 
 Syn. Fury. Rabidity. Mania. Passion. 
 Madness. Ferocity. 
 
 Ant. Reason. Moderation. Gentleness. 
 Tempera teness. Calmness. (Juiescence, 
 Mitigation. Assuagement. rranqul'.Uiy. 
 Mildness. Softness. 
 
316 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Raiment, n. Abbrev. from 
 Arraimont. 
 
 Stn. Clothing. Vestments. Vesture. 
 Garments. 
 
 Ant. Rags. Nudity Nakedness. 
 
 Raise, v. fr. Ang. Sax. rdsian, 
 from rtsan, to rise. Used mate- 
 rially and metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Lift. Heave. Elevate. Exalt. 
 Advance, Promote. Heighten. Enhance. 
 Awaken. Rouse. Excite. Cultivate. Rear. 
 J'roduce. Collect. Summon. I-^ect Ori- 
 ginate. Propagate. 
 
 Ant. Lay. Cast. Depress. Degrade. 
 I'etard. Dishonour. Lower. Depreciate, 
 Lull. Compose. Quiet. Calm. Blight. 
 Destroy. Disperse. Disband. Stifle. Hush. 
 Silence. Neutralize. Confute. 
 
 Rally, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 re-alligare, to unite a gain ^ by 
 restoring the courage; hence 
 applied also to individuals, in 
 the sense of inspirit. To rally, 
 in the sense of banter, is, etymo- 
 logically, a distinct word, and is 
 in Fr. railler, as the former, to 
 encourage, is rallier. 
 
 Syn. Recal. Reunite. Inspirit, Ani- 
 lUEvte. Recover. Reassure. 
 
 Ant. Demoralize. Disperse. Disband, 
 
 Rally, v. tr. Fr, railler. 
 
 Stn. Banter. Satirize. Chaff. Twit. 
 Taunt. 
 
 Ant. Compliment Flatter. Panegyrize. 
 Eulogize. 
 
 Ramble, v. int. Der. uncer- 
 tain. Gomp. Germ, rammehi, to 
 tumble, or Lat. rc-ambulare, or 
 possibly connected with Roam. 
 
 Stn, Rove. Roam. Wander. Ifange. 
 Stroll. Saun Ler. 
 
 Abt. Course. Speed. Hasten. Drive. 
 Kun. 
 
 Ramification, w. Lat. ramus, 
 a branch, and facere, to make. 
 Used of the process of causing 
 one or more branches (either 
 literally, as in the growth of 
 trees, or metaphorically, as the 
 branches of a subject), and also 
 of the branches so caused ; somc^ 
 
 times also, as in botany, the mcula 
 of their production. 
 
 Stn. Branching. Branch, Off-shoct 
 Division. Divergence. Subdivision. 
 
 Ant. Line. Trunk. Stem. Bole. Course. 
 Thread, Sequence. Continuity, l'ro.secu- 
 tion, Rectilinearity, Indivergence. Jndi- 
 vision. Non-ramification. 
 
 Ramify, v. int. See Ramifi- 
 cation. 
 
 Rampant, adj. Ang. Sax. 
 rempend, rash. It expresses lite- 
 rally the position which is some- 
 thing short of springing, which 
 in heraldry is expressed by sa- 
 lient, and is used metaphorically 
 in the sense of unbridled. Its 
 opposite in heraldry would be 
 couchant. 
 
 Syn. Unbridled. Uncontrolled, Violent. 
 Licentious. Vehement. 
 
 Ant. Demure. Self-restrained. Self- 
 controlled. Disciplined. Curbed. 
 
 Rampart, n. Fr. rempart^ 
 from remparer, to fortify. 
 
 Syn. Bulwark. Fortification. Security. 
 WalL Defence. Embankment. Mound. 
 Mole. Outwork. Breastwork. 
 
 Ant. Non-fortification. Defencelessness. 
 Exposure. Insecurity. Vulnerability. 
 
 Rancid, adj. Lat. rancidus. 
 
 Syn. Sour. Tainted. Rank. Olid. Reasty. 
 Ant. Sweet. I*ure. Untainted. Fresh, 
 Fragrant. 
 
 Rancour, n. Lat. rancor. It 
 expresses hostile feeling of long 
 standing. 
 
 Syn. Ill-blood. Spite. Griidjre. Ani- 
 mosity. Hatred. Malice. Malignity. En- 
 mity. Antipathy. Vindictiveness, Male- 
 volence. 
 
 Ant. Good-feeling. Friendliness. Kind- 
 liness. Forgiveness. Geniality. Sympathy. 
 Congeniality. Uuvlndictiveness. 
 
 Random, adj. Old Fr. randan. 
 
 Syn. Hajjhazard. Stray. Chance. Wild. 
 Aimless. Purposeless. Unpremeditated. 
 Casual. Vague. Accidental. 
 
 Ant. Steady. Aimed. Intended. Ro- 
 gular. Controlled. Purposed. Intentional. 
 Deliberate. Designed. Normal. Systematic; 
 
 Range, v. tr. Fr. rangtr. 
 Conn with the Eng. Rank. 
 
ifi/nonyms and Antonpns. 
 
 317 
 
 f^ni. flank. Dispose. Order. Colloaite. 
 file. Concatenate. 
 
 Ant. Disturb. Disconnect. Disorder. 
 Derange. Intermit. Disconnect. 
 
 Eank, n. See Eange. 
 
 Syn. Row. Line. Tier. Order. i;e- 
 grcc. Grade. Dignity. 
 
 Ant. Disconnection. Disorder. Iu:«n- 
 tinuity. Solution. Intermission. Hiatus. 
 I'lebeianism. Meanness. Commonalty. 
 
 Rankle, v. int. From Rank. 
 Ang. Sax. ranc, which meant 
 proud, fruitful, and luxuriant. 
 
 Syn. Fester. Smoulder. Burn. 
 Ant. Heal. Cool. Close. 
 
 Ransack, v. tr. Icel. ransaha, 
 to exploi^e. Applied to rough ex- 
 ploration to the extent of spoil- 
 ing. 
 
 Stn. Rummage. Rifle. Ravage. Over- 
 haul. 
 
 Ant. Skim. Survey. Reconnoitre. 
 
 Ransom, v. tr. Fr. rangon, 
 Lat. redemptio. 
 
 Syn. Redeem. Release. Indemnify. 
 
 Ant. Prosecute. Indict. Fine. Mulct. 
 Forfeit. Damnify. 
 
 Ransom, n. See verb. 
 
 Rant, n. South Germ, rant, 
 noise. 
 
 Stn. Bombast. Rhodomontade. Flum- 
 mery. Declamation. Raving, 
 
 Ant. Reason. Argument Eloquence. 
 Logic. Riietoric. 
 
 Rapacious, adj. Lat. rapax, 
 from rapere, to seize or snatch. 
 
 Syn. Greedy. Ravenous. Voracious. 
 Pridaceous. Avaricious. Grasping. 
 
 Aht. Bountiful. Liberal Contented. 
 FrugaL 
 
 Rapid, adj. Lat. rapidus. 
 
 Sra. Quick. Swift. Speedy. Accele- 
 ra'ed. Flying. 
 
 Akt. Slow. Tardy. Retarded. Cum- 
 brous. Lazy. 
 
 Rapidity, n. See Rapi(i. 
 
 Sth. Quickness. Swiftness. Speed. Ve- 
 locity. Celerity. Dispatch. 
 
 AST. Slowness. Tardiness. Cumbroas- 
 DC8S. Delay. 
 
 Raptube, n, Sp. raptura, Lat. 
 rapere, raptus, to seize. The state 
 of being seized or carried out of 
 
 one's self by pleasure or excite- 
 ment. 
 
 Syn. Ecstacy. Transport. Bliss, lla- 
 visLment. 
 
 Ant. Agony. Torture. Pain. Tediun. 
 Eunui. irlcsomeness. 
 
 Rare, adj. Lat. rarus. 
 
 Stn. Scarce. Choice. Infrequent. I':x 
 cellent. Few. Exceptional. Sparse. Un- 
 usual. Singular. Uncommon. Disperse! 
 Valuable. Precious. Thin. Volatile. 
 
 Ant. Con)mon. Frequent. Abunaant. 
 Numerous. Mean. Ordinary. Usual. Re- 
 gular. Crowded. Dense. Vulgar. Wortli- 
 less. Cheap. Valueless. 
 
 Rarefy v. tr. and int. To 
 make rart in the sense. 
 
 Syn. Expand. Lighten. Attenuate. 
 Sublimate. 
 
 Ant. Solidify. Condense. Thicken. 
 
 Rascal, n. Used by Shake- 
 speare in the sense of a * worth- 
 less deer ' A man of low rather 
 than heinous offences. 
 
 Syn. Rogue. ScoundreL Vagabond. 
 Knave. 
 
 Ant. Gentleman. 
 
 Rascality, n. See Rascal. 
 
 Rash, adj. Dutch rasch. Ones 
 used in the simple sense of ener- 
 getic, or acting or moving witli 
 rapidity, as, Shakespeare, 'rash 
 gunpowder;' now restricted to 
 energy, unreflecting and heed- 
 less. 
 
 Stn. Headstrong. Audacious. Hasty. 
 Precipitate. Reckless. Foolhardy. Ovor- 
 venturesome. Incautious. Unwary. 
 
 Ant. Wary. Cautious. Calculating. 
 Discreet. Unventuresome. Dubitating. Hesi- 
 tating. Reluctant. Timid. 
 
 Ratify, v. tr. Lat. ratus, cal- 
 culated, Jixed, and facere, to make, 
 
 Syn. Sanction. Seal. Confirm. Endorsa 
 Secure. Approve. Validify. Establish. 
 
 Ant. Negative. Reject. Repudiate 
 Disaffirm. Invalidate. Abrogate. Annul 
 Nullify. 
 
 Ratification, n. See Ratify. 
 
 Rational, adj. Lat. ratio 
 
 reasoyi. 
 
 Stx. Sane. Sound. Intelligent. lte« 
 soning. Reasonable. Judicious. Sober 
 
318 
 
 f^nonyms and Anionytns. 
 
 Sensible. Probable. Equitable. Moderate. 
 Fair. 
 
 Art. Insane. Unsound. Weak. Silly. 
 Unintelligent. Absurd. Injudicious. Fan- 
 cifuL Extravagant. Preposterous. Un- 
 reasoning. Unreasonable. Irrational. Ex- 
 orbitant. 
 
 Eavage, V. tr. Low Lat. ra- 
 pagium, from rapere, to snatch or 
 seize. 
 
 Stn. SpoH. Devastate. Despoil. De- 
 Btroy. Desolate. Kansaclc. Waste. Ruin. 
 Plunder. 
 
 Ant. Spare. Conserve. Preserve. In- 
 demnify. 
 
 Eavb, V. int. Fr. rever, to 
 dream, or he delirious. It is some- 
 times used as a transitive verb, 
 but only with an accusative, 
 which has a cognate sense, as, 
 *he raved nonsense' — the non- 
 sense being the subject-matter of 
 the raving. 
 
 Syn. Wander. Drivel. Rant 
 Ant. Converse. Reason. Discourse. 
 
 Eavel. Old Dutch ravelen. 
 M old used intransitively, now 
 •mly as a transitive verb. 
 
 Stn. Separate, Undo. Untwist. Un- 
 wind. Disentangle. 
 
 It is singular that the word 
 itself should have two opposite 
 senses, yet the reason is not ob- 
 scure ; the dealing with many 
 threads, even where the purpose 
 is disentanglement, is very likely 
 to lead to the opposite result; 
 whence, also. 
 
 Ant. Entangle. Complicate. Conglo- 
 merate. Confuse. 
 
 Ea VENOUS, adj. Prob. conn, 
 not with Eaven but Eapine, but 
 restricted by usage to matter of 
 food. 
 
 Syn. Voracious. Hungry. Gluttonous. 
 Rapacious. Omnivorous. 
 
 Ant. Listless. Inappetent. Fastidious. 
 Dainty. Nice. 
 
 Eavino, adj. See Have. 
 
 Eaw, adj. Ang. Sax. lireaw. 
 Used in many metaphorical 
 Benses, 
 
 Syn. Uncoolced. L hpiepared. 0» 
 flnislied. Unripe. Crude. Unseasoned. Jo- 
 experienced. Fresh. Green. Unpractised 
 Untried. Bare. Bald. Exposed. Galled 
 Chill. Bleak. Piercing. 
 
 Ant. Cooked. Dressed. Prepared. 
 Finished. Ripe. Mature. Mellow. Sea- 
 soned. Experienced. Expert. Adept. 
 Habituated. Familiar. Practised. Trained. 
 Tried. Covered. Healed. Balmy. Gonial. 
 
 Eazb, V. tr. Fr. razer. 
 
 Syn. Demolish. Level. Prostrate. Sub- 
 vert. Reduce. Ruin. Destroy. Debivse. 
 
 Ant. Raise. Erect. Build. Rear. Re- 
 pair. Restore. 
 
 Eeach, V. tr. and int. Ang. 
 Sax. rceccan, to extend. 
 
 Stn. Extend. Thrust. Stretch. Attala 
 Gain. Grasp. Penetrate. Strain. Aim. 
 
 Ant. Fall. Stop. Cease. Revert. Re- 
 bate. Miss. Drop. 
 
 Ekact, V. int. lie, hack, and 
 act. 
 
 Stn. Recoil. Result. Counteract, lle- 
 bound. 
 
 Ant» Act. Influence. Strike. Im- 
 press. 
 
 Eead, V. tr. and int. Ang. 
 Sax. redan. 
 
 Syn. Peruse. Interpret Discover. Re- 
 cognize. Decipher. Learn. 
 
 Ant. Misread. Misinterpret Overlook 
 
 Misobserve. 
 
 Eeadiness, n. See Eeady. 
 
 Eeady, adj. Ang. Sax. rdd, 
 rcede. Applied both to things 
 and persons. 
 
 Stn. Prompt Alert Expeditious 
 Speedy. Unhesitating. Dexterous. Apt 
 Skilful. Handy. Expert Facile. Easy. 
 Opportune. Fitted. Prepared. Disposed. 
 Willing. Free. Cheerful. Compliant Re- 
 sponsive. Quick. 
 
 Ant. Unready. Tardy. Slow. Hesf- 
 biting. Reluctant Dubitating. Awkward. 
 Unhandy. Clumsy. Remote. Inaccessible. 
 Unavailable. Inopportune. Unsuited. Un- 
 fitted. Unprepared. Indisposed. Unwil- 
 ling. Constrained. Grudging. Unaccom- 
 modating. Incompliant Irresponsive. 
 
 Eeal, adj. Low Lat. Tealis, 
 from res, a thing. It has in law 
 the teclmical sense of pertaining 
 to lands and tenements. 
 
 Syn. ActuaL Veritable. Existent True. 
 Qenuine. Developed. 
 
 J^j. Fictitious. Iitngln«ry. Vms^ 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 319 
 
 S >n-eii»teut. Untrae. False. Artificial. 
 8puriou8. Counterfeit. Factitious. Adul- 
 terated. A^umed. I^etended. Potential. 
 Possible. 
 
 Ebality, n. See Eeal. 
 
 Syn. Verity. Substence. i'ruth. Exist- 
 ence. Genuineness. Substantiality. 
 
 Akt. Fiction. Falsehood. Untruth. 
 Hypothesis. Supposition. Image. Fancy. 
 Shadow. Figment. Fabrication. Insub- 
 etantiality. Emptiness. Hollowness. Chi- 
 mera. Unreality. 
 
 Realize, v. tr. See Eeal. 
 
 SiTJ. Substantiate. Effectuate. Accom- 
 plish. Exhibit. Produce. Acquire. Gain, 
 lleup. Make. "Verify. Conceive. 
 
 Ant. Lose. Miss. Invalidate. Dissi- 
 pate. Misrepresent. Falsify, ^'eutralize. 
 Misconceive. 
 
 Really, adv. See Real. 
 
 SvN. Veritably. Truly. Indeed. Un- 
 aucstionably. 
 
 Ant. Questionably. Possibly. Perhaps. 
 Falsely. Untruly. Fictitiously. 
 
 Reap, v. tr. Ang. Sax. repan, 
 to seize. Used metaphoiically, as, 
 to * reap a reward.' 
 
 Syn. Gather. Obtairu Realize. Derive. 
 tiai«. 
 
 Ant. Scatter. Squander. Dissipate. 
 Waste. Jjose. 
 
 Reab, n. Old Fr. rier, Lat. 
 retro, backwards. 
 
 Stn. Back. End. Tail. 
 Ant. Van. Front. Fac«. 
 
 Rear, v. tr. Aug. Sax. roeran, 
 to raise. 
 
 Syn. Raise. Lift Elevate. Erect 
 Train. Educate. Instruct Foster. Esta- 
 blish. Construct. 
 
 Ant. StiHe. Esitin^uish. Kill. Depress. 
 Subvert. Demolloh. Destroy. 
 
 Reason, n. Fr. raisouy Lat. 
 ratio. Used for the gift of rea- 
 son, the faculty of reasoning, and 
 the principle of right of judg- 
 ment, or what is consonant with 
 them. 
 
 Stn. Ground. Account. Cause. Ex- 
 planation. Motive. Proof. Ajwlogy. Un- 
 derstanding. Reasoning. Rationality. Right. 
 Propriety. Justice. Order. Object. Sake. 
 Purpose. 
 
 Ant. Pretext. Pretence. Misinterpre- 
 tation. Falsification. Misconception. Dis- 
 proof. Uqieasonablencss. Absurdity. Fal- 
 
 lacy. Irrationality, Wrong. ITnreaw^n. 
 Impropriety. Unfairness. Folly. Aimleiis- 
 ness. Unaccountablencss. 
 
 Reasonable, adj. See Ra- 
 tional. 
 
 Reassure, v. tr. I?e and as- 
 sure. 
 
 Syn. Rally. Restore. Encourage. In- 
 spirit. Animate. Countenance. 
 
 Ant. Discourage. Cow. Brow-be»t. 
 Intimidate. Discountenance. 
 
 Rebel, n. lie and helium, war. 
 
 Stn. Revolter. Insurgent 
 Ant. Supporter. Adherent 
 
 Rebel, v. int. See noun. 
 
 Rebound, n. Be and bound, 
 from Fr. hvndir, to leap. 
 
 Syn. Reaction. Ricochet Reverbera- 
 tion. Recoil. Resilience. 
 
 Ant. Impression. Impact Collision. 
 Percussion. 
 
 Rebuff, v. tr. JRe and buif, 
 from the Old Fr. hufer, to buffet. 
 
 Stn. Rebuke. Discouragement Re- 
 pulsion. Check. 
 
 Ant. Welcome. Acceptance. Encou- 
 ragement. 
 
 Rebuke, v. tr. Der. imcertain. 
 Probably more than one word 
 have been confounded in tha 
 syllable buke, as the Fr. bouche, 
 mouth, and Icel. hucka, to subdue. 
 
 Stn. Reprove. Chide. Rebuff. Cen- 
 sure. 
 
 Ant. Approve. Encourage. Eulogize. 
 Applaud. Incite. 
 
 Rebut, v. tr. Be and Old Fr. 
 
 boter, to push or thrust. 
 
 Stn. Meet. Retort. Annul. Confute. 
 
 Ant. Accept. Sanction. Recognize. 
 Confirm. 
 
 Recal, v. tr. Re and call. 
 
 Syn. Restore. Reassemble. Revoke. 
 Supersede. Recollect. Remember. Cancel. 
 
 Ant. Relegate. Dismiss. Dispense. 
 Delegate. Appoint.. Commission. Forget 
 
 Recant, v. tr. Recantare. To 
 undo or recal a former recitation 
 or formal expression of opinion. 
 
 Syn. Retract. Unsay. Recal. Revoke. 
 Abjure. Renounce. 
 
 Ant. Propound. Profess. Assert. De- 
 clare. Enunciate. V^dica^. 
 41old. Rctoin. 
 
320 
 
 Syyionyms and Antonyms. 
 
 IlEOAl'lTULATE, V. tr. Xi) gO 
 
 over again the heads (capitulum, 
 dim. of caput, a head) of a recent 
 statement. 
 
 Stn. Summarize. Renearse. 
 Ant. State. Deliver. Propouud. 
 
 Ebobdb, v. int. Lat. recedet-e, 
 to f/o hack. 
 
 Si-N. Retire. Withdraw. Retreat. Re- 
 trograde. Return. Ebb. 
 
 Ant. Approach. Advance. Flow, Pro- 
 <'cod. 
 
 Receive, v. tr. Lat. recipere. 
 
 Stn. lake. Accept. Admit. Hold. 
 Ant. Give. Impart. Afford. Reject, 
 Discharge. Kmit. 
 
 Eeceived, adj. See Receive. 
 
 Sin. Accepted. Current. Ordinary. 
 Common. 
 
 Ant. Rejected. Exceptional. Unusual. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 Eecent, adf. Lat. recens. 
 Stn. Late, New. Fresh. Novel. 
 Ant. Ancient. Antiquated. Primitive. 
 Archaic. 
 
 Eboeptacle, n. Lat. recep- 
 taculum, a place for receiving, 
 from recipere, to receive. 
 
 Syn, Repository, Lodgment, Reci- 
 pient, Magazine. Store. Case. Berth. 
 
 Ant, Carrier, Carriage. Conveyance. 
 Discharger, Consigner. 
 
 Eeception, n. See Receive. 
 
 Sin. Admission. Admittance. Accept- 
 ance. Acceptation, Entertainment. 
 
 Ant. Denial. Protest, Repudiation. 
 Rejection, Non-acceptance. Dismissal. 
 Discardment. Renunciation. Abjuration. 
 
 Recess, n. Lat. recessus, from 
 recedere, to recede or retire. Used 
 physically and analogously. 
 
 Stn. Cavity, Nook, Withdrawal, Re- 
 tirement, Retreat. Seclusion. Privacy, 
 Vacation. Holiday, 
 
 Ant. Promontory. Protrusion. Pro- 
 jection. Publicity. Work-time. 
 
 Recipient, n. See Receptacle. 
 Reciprocal, adj. Beciprocus. 
 
 Syn. Alternate. Interchanged. Mutual. 
 Interchangeable. Reflexive. 
 
 TliG difference between reci- 
 procal and mutual is mainly in 
 point of time or order. Mutual 
 tovo is love ittterchanged betweer 
 
 two; recix)rocal would be lovt3 iw 
 turned by one, in return for thai 
 of the other. 
 
 Ant. One-sided". Unreciprocated. Un 
 returned. 
 
 Reciprocation, n. Rbcipho- 
 CITY, n. See Reciprocal. 
 Recite, v. tr. Lat. rcciture. 
 
 Syn. Narrate. Rehearse. Quote. SpeaK. 
 TelL Recount, Enumerate. 
 
 Ant. Misquote, Misdeliver. Misre- 
 count, Mlsremunerate, Misrepresent, 
 
 Reckless, adj. Old Eng. 
 reck, to care, and less, the tenni- 
 native privative. 
 
 Syn. Careless. Heedless. Incautious 
 Foolhardy. Thoughtles.s. Rash. Over- 
 venturesome. Regardless, Inconsiderable 
 Jmpiovident. 
 
 Ant, Careful, Heedful. Cautious. Timid. 
 Chary, Thoughtful. Calculating, Provi- 
 dent. Considerate. Wary, Circumspect. 
 
 Reckon, v. tr. and int. Ang. 
 Sax. recnan, recnian. 
 
 Syn, Compute, Calculate, Count. Re- 
 gard. Estimate. Value, Account Con- 
 sider. Argne. Infer. Judge. 
 
 Ant. Miscompute. Miscalculate. Mis- 
 estimate, Misreckon. Mistleceive, 
 
 Reckoning, n. See Reckon. 
 
 Reclaim, v. tr. Lat. recloy 
 mare, to reclaim, from re, hack, 
 and clamare, to call : as land from 
 barrenness, or a character from 
 evil habits. 
 
 Syn, Reform. Recal, Recover. Rescue. 
 Restore. Amend. Convert. Better. 
 
 Ant. Vitiate. Corrupt. Sterilize 
 Worsen. 
 
 Reclaimable, adj. See Re- 
 claim. 
 
 Syn. Recoverable. Amendable, Corri» 
 gible. Convertible, Improvable. Culti- 
 vable, Redeemable. 
 
 Ant. Irrecoverable, Incorrigible, Ua- 
 improvable. Reprobate. Desperate. Hope 
 less. Irredeemable. 
 
 Recline, v. tr. and ifit. Ft. 
 recliner, Lat. reclinare. 
 
 Syn, Lean, Slope. Rest, Repose. 
 Ant. Erect Raise Rise. Stand, 
 
 Recluse, adj. Ft. reclus, Lat 
 reclusus. It is remarkallejicw- 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 321 
 
 eror, that tlie modern word 
 means the contrary of the Latin 
 which means not shut up, but 
 open, re having the sense of the 
 English prefix un; so claudere, 
 to shut, redudere, to unshut or 
 open. It is used of places and 
 persons. 
 
 Stn, Sliut. Sequestered, lletired. Apart. 
 Solitary. Conventual. Regular. DissociaL 
 
 Ant. PuMic. Exposed. I'VequenUd. 
 Social. Secular. Unsequestercd. Convi- 
 vial. Companionable. 
 
 Eegognition, n. See Recog- 
 nize. 
 Recognize. Lat. recognoscere. 
 
 Syn. identify. Acknowledge. Avow. 
 Own. Allow. 
 
 Ant. Ignore. Overlook. Misobserve. 
 Repudiate. Disavow. Disown. Disallow. 
 
 Recoil, v. int. Fv. reculer, 
 Lat. re and cuius, the hinder parts 
 of the body, and so to fall back- 
 wards. See Rebound. 
 
 Recollect, v. tr. Lat. re, 
 atjain, and coUigere, to collect. 
 
 Stn. Recover. RecaL Remember. 
 
 Ant. Forget. Lose. 
 
 Recommend, v. tr. Lat. re and 
 commendare. To commend to 
 favourable notice, either as a 
 person or an object, or a line of 
 conduct. 
 
 St». Commend. Confide. Approve. 
 Advise. 
 
 Ant. Discommend. Disapprove. Warn. 
 Dissuade. 
 
 Recompense, v. tr. Be and 
 compenmre. To compensate. 
 
 Syn. Requite. Remunerate. Reward. 
 Indemnify. Satisfy. Ropay. 
 
 ANT. Damnify. Injure. Mlsrequite. 
 Diit^tisfy. 
 
 Recompense, n. See verb. 
 
 Reconcilable, adj. See Re- 
 concile. 
 
 Sin. Congruoua. Harmonioua, Cun- 
 Bistrnt. Forgiving. 
 
 Ant. incongruous. Antagcjuislic. Iii- 
 concigtent. Inc-ompatible. irreoocciUkble. 
 InairaaaMe. Unforgiving. 
 
 Reconcile, v. tr. Re, hack, and 
 concilium, a council. To restore 
 to union or friendship. Used of 
 the agreement of persons, and of 
 persons with states or opinions. 
 
 Syn. Unite. Conciliate. Harmonize. 
 Adjust. Adapt. Suit. Reunite. 
 
 Ant. Separate. Sever. Dissever. Es- 
 trange. Disharmonize. Derange. Alienate. 
 
 Recondite, adj. Lat. recon- 
 dere, to hide. 
 
 Syn. Deep. Hidden. Abstruse. Pro- 
 found. Concealed. Remote. 
 
 Ant. Superficial. Obvious. Self-evi- 
 dent. Patent. Familiar. Trite. 
 
 Record, v. tr. Lat. recordari, 
 to remember. 
 
 Syn. Register. Enter. 
 
 Ant. Cbiivlate. Silentiate. Suppress. 
 
 Record, n. See verb. 
 
 Stn. Registry. Kntry. Enrolment 
 Muniment. Instrument. Archive. Memo- 
 randum. Remembrance. 
 
 Ant. Obliteration. Oblivion. Non- 
 registration. Desuetude. Obsoleaconce. 
 Immemoriality. Disremembrance. 
 
 Recount, v. tr. lie compu- 
 tare. 
 
 Syn. Rehearse. Recite. Narrate. De- 
 tail. Enumerate. Specify. 
 
 Ant. Falsify. Misrecite. Misnarrate. 
 Misenumerate. Misrebearse. 
 
 Recourse, u. Lat recursus. 
 
 Stn. Reference. Aid. Application. 
 Betaking. Refuge. 
 
 Ant. Avoidance. Independence. Omis- 
 sion. Abstinence. Dispensation. Disuse. 
 
 Recover, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 recuperare. 
 
 Stn. Regain. Repossess. Resume. R©. 
 trieve. Recruit. Heal. Cuie. Revive. 
 Restore. Reanimate. Save. 
 
 Ant. Lose. Forfeit. Miss. Sacrifice. 
 Deteriorate. Impair. Decay. Decline. 
 Relapse. 
 
 Recoverable, adj. See Ite- 
 cover. 
 
 Recovery, n. See Recover. 
 
 Sin. Repossession. Regaining. Rem- 
 statement. Vindication. Renovation. Re- 
 Btitution. Re-establishment. Retrieval 
 Kectiflcation. Replacement. Keanima- 
 tion. liesuscitaliou. lU'visL lieiltmn 
 iion. 
 
322 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Ant. Loss. Forfeiture. Privation. Dfr. 
 
 gival. Sacrifice. Abandonment. Relapse, 
 etrogression. Decay. Declension. Incur- 
 ableness. Ruin. 
 
 Eboreant, adj. Lat. recre- 
 dere se, to give one's self up to the 
 mercy of an antagonist, and cry 
 off battle ; hence, a term of igno- 
 miny. 
 
 Syn. Apostate. Traitorous. False. 
 Cowardly. Unfaithful. Renegade. Base. 
 Recusant. 
 
 Ant. Staunch. True. Faithful. Chi- 
 valrous. Knightly. Gallant. LoyaL Re- 
 doubtable. 
 
 Eecrkation, n. Fr. recreer, 
 Lat. recreare, to create anew, or 
 make fresh. By usage restricted 
 to such relaxation of the mind 
 by amusement as tends to re- 
 freshment. 
 
 Stn. Refreshment Cheer. Reanima. 
 tion. Amusement. Diversion. Revival 
 Holiday. Sport. Pastime. Relaxation. 
 
 Ant. Weariness. Toil. Lassitude. La- 
 bour. Fatigue. Employment. Assiduity. 
 Work. 
 
 Eecriminate, v. tr. and int. 
 See Eecrimination. 
 
 Ebcrimtnation, n. Lat. re, 
 hack, and crimen, an accusation. 
 
 Syn. Retort. Counter-imputation. Coun- 
 ter-charge. Counter-accusation. 
 
 Ant. Acquiescence. Acceptance. Con- 
 fession. Silence. Assent. Avowal. 
 
 Ekcruit, V. tr. and int. Fr. 
 recroitre, Lat. recrescere. 
 
 Stn. Repair. Refresh. Renew. Ke- 
 store. Recover. Recreate. Invigorate. 
 Revive. Reinforce. 
 
 Ant. Waste. Lose. Impair, Relapse. 
 Decay. Decline. 
 
 Eectify, V. tr. llectus, straight 
 or right, and facere, to make, 
 especially with the implied mean- 
 ing of former derangement. 
 
 Stn. Straighten. Correct. Amend. 
 Hknend. Reform. Redress. R(^ilate. Re- 
 arrange. Remodel. 
 
 Ant. Pervert. Corrupt. Derange. Dis- 
 mler. Distort. 
 
 EECTU.INKAR, ndj.^ Rectus, 
 itraight, and linea, a line. 
 
 Stn. Straight. Undeviating. Rlglit- 
 lined. Point-blank. 
 
 Ant, Curvilinear. Deflexed. Winding 
 Tortuous, Curved. Serpentine. 
 
 Ebctitude, n. Lat. rectus. 
 Straightforwardness of character. 
 
 Stn. Straightforwardness. Uprightness. 
 Conscientiousness. Integrity. Right. Up- 
 rightness. Incorruptness. 
 
 Ant. Obliquity. Perverseness. Crooked- 
 ness. Tortuousness. Wrong. Underhanded- 
 ness. Iniquity. Immorality. Impropriety. 
 Depravity. Corruption. 
 
 Eecumbent, adj. Lat. recum- 
 hens, part, of recumbere, to be 
 down. 
 
 Stn. Lying. Trailing. Reclining. Pro- 
 strate. Reposing. Horizontal. 
 
 Ant. Vertical. Erect Uulnclincd. 
 Standing, 
 
 Eeour, V. int. See Eecur- 
 rent. 
 
 Eecxjrrent. Recurrens, part. 
 of recurrere, from re, hack agai7i, 
 and currere, to run, especially at 
 stated times. 
 
 Stn. Returning. Periodic. Frequent 
 Repeated. Reiterated. Intermittent 
 
 Ant. Momentary. Continuous. Un- 
 broken. Uninteruiitted. Solitary. Transi 
 tory. Evanescent. 
 
 Eecusant, adj. Lat. recusare, 
 to declare hack, from re and causa, 
 a cause. See Eecreant, which, 
 however, has a more unfavour- 
 able sense. 
 
 Ebdbkm, v. tr. Eedimere, from 
 re, hack, and emere, to buy. This 
 may be by any kind of expendi- 
 ture, as pains and labour, beside 
 money. 
 
 Stn. Repurchase, Regain. Retrieve. 
 Ransom. Liberate. Rescue. Recover 
 Satisfy. Fulfil. Discharge. 
 
 Ant. Pledge. Lose. Forfeit. Aban- 
 don. Betray. Surrender. Sacrifice. 
 
 Ebdbemap.lb, adj. See Ee- 
 deem. 
 
 Stn. Retrievable. Uecoverabie. R« 
 servable. 
 
 Ant. Irretrievable. Irreoovera^lfc l> 
 redcemftblf. 
 
mynonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 323 
 
 Ebdemption, n. See Kedeem. 
 
 Stn. Eeparchase. Retrieval. Ransom. 
 Rescue, Recovery. Satisfaction. Fulfil- 
 ment Discharge. Expiation. Compen- 
 satioa. Atonement. Salvation. Indemni- 
 fication. 
 
 Ant. Forfeiture. Abandonment. Loss. 
 Deprivation. Sacrifice. Betrayal. Damni- 
 fication. 
 
 Rkdolbncb, n. Bedolere, to 
 smell sweetly. 
 
 Stn. Perfume. Savour. Scent, Odour. 
 Ant. Fetor. Stink. lU-savour. Stench. 
 
 Eedotjble, v. int. Be and 
 double, from duplicare. 
 
 Stn. Augment. Multiply. Intensify, 
 eiterate. 
 
 Ant. Diminish. Slacken. Weaken, 
 Reduce. Abate. 
 
 Ebdotjnd, V. int. Be and un- 
 da, a wave, followed by the 'prep. 
 to. 
 
 Stn. Result IssTie. Tend. Accrue, 
 xintribute. Lead. Incline. Conduce. 
 
 Akt. Fail. Miss. Swerve. Nullify. 
 Defeat. Disappoint. Frustrate. Injure. 
 
 Eedress, V. tr. Lat. rediri- 
 gere, to redirect, or set straight 
 or right again, Fr. redresser, 
 It. ridrizzare. More commonly 
 nsed of wrongs, but sometimes 
 of the persons wronged. 
 
 Stn. Right. Order. Revise. Amend. 
 Rectify. Remedy. Repair. 
 
 Ant. Aggravate. Impair. Wrong. 
 Worsen. Intensify, Establish. Confirm. 
 Reiterate. Sanction. Deepen. Perpetuate. 
 
 EEDrcE, V. tr. Lat. reducere. 
 
 SrN. Lessen. Diminish. Curtail. At- 
 tcmiate. Impoverish. Narrow. Contract. 
 Weaken. Impair. Subdue. Subjugate. 
 Bring. Refer. Subject Classify. Con- 
 vert. 
 
 Ant. Enlarge. Magnify. Increase, 
 Augment Produce. Extend. Amplify. 
 Broaden. Expand. Renovate. Invigo- 
 rate. Restore. Repair. Liberate. Free. 
 Kxcept. Dissociate, Transform. 
 
 Redtjction, n. See Eednce. 
 
 Eedundant, adj. See Ec- 
 donnd. 
 
 Sra. Superfluous, Excessive. Unnc- 
 t*8«ary. 
 
 AlUT Reqtusito. Defective, Necessary. 
 
 Ebfbr, v. tr. ai.d int. Jjat 
 referre. 
 
 Stn. Attribute. Associate. Assign, 
 Advert. Connect Relate. Point. Belong. 
 Allude. Apply. Appeal. 
 
 Ant. Disconnect. Dissociate. Mis* 
 apply. Misappertaln. Alienate. Misbe- 
 seem. Disresemble. 
 
 Eefbree, n. See Eefer. 
 
 Stn. Umpire. Arbitrator. 
 
 Ant. Litigant. Opponent. Adversary. 
 
 Eeference. See Eefer. 
 
 Eefinement, n. Fr. raffine- 
 ment. Used of refining mate- 
 rially, or the result of such pro- 
 cess, and, analogously, of the free- 
 dom or liberation from what is 
 morally coarse. 
 
 Stn. Clarification. Purification. Filtra- 
 tion. Sublimation. Polish. Elegance. Cul- 
 tivation. Civilization. Subtllty. Finesse. 
 Sophistry. 
 
 Ant. Turbidity. Crossness. Foulness. 
 Coarseness. Impurity. Unrefinement. Rude- 
 ness. Inelegance. Boorishness. Broadness 
 Bluntness. Unsophisticatedness. 
 
 Eefit, v. tr. Be and fit. 
 
 Stn. Repair. Rearrange. Readjust 
 RepVovide. Reinstate. Reorganize. 
 
 Ant. Relegate. Disuse. Discard. !>!». 
 organize. Dismantle. 
 
 Eefleot, V. tr. and int. Lat. 
 refectere, to turn or bend hack. 
 
 Stn. Return. Image. Mirror. Exhi- 
 bit Consider. Think. Cogitate. Meditate. 
 Contemplate. Ponder. Muse. Ruminate. 
 Heed. Advert Animadvert 
 
 Ant. Divert Dissipate. Idle, Dream. 
 Wander. Rove, Star-gaze, Wool-gather. 
 Connive, Disregard. Overlook. 
 
 Eeflection, n. See Eeflect. 
 Eeflux, n. Be, hack, and 
 flux. 
 
 Stn. Return. Ebb. Redound. 
 Ant. Flow. Flux. Stream. 
 
 Eeform, V. tr. and int. Be 
 and /orma. To form anew. 
 
 Stn. Amend. Correct Rectify. Bet- 
 ter. Reclaim. Regenerate. Remodel. Re- 
 constitute. Reorganize. Improve. 
 
 Ant. Corrupt Vitiate. Worsen. Dete- 
 riorate. Perpetuate. Stabilltate. Confirm. 
 Impair. Deform. Stereotype. 
 
 Eefr ACTION, ??. J, 'e, hack, and 
 frangere,fr actus, to break, 
 t2 
 
324 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 8Tir. Disradiation. Obliquity. 
 Ant. Incidence. Rectilinearity. Non- 
 refractioa. 
 
 Ekfractory, adj. See Re- 
 fraction. Breaking aside from 
 Jie line of regulation or right. 
 
 Syn. Perverse. Contumacious. Stubborn. 
 Unruly. Obstinate. Unmanageable. Mu- 
 tinous. Rebellious. Recalcitrant. 
 
 Akt. Obedient Docile. Amenable. 
 Mana{;eablc. 
 
 Ebfkagable, adj. Lat. lie- 
 fragari, to opjjose w resist. Ca- 
 pable of being refuted, as, an ar- 
 gument. 
 
 Syn. Refutable. Weak. Questionable, 
 Deniable. Fallacious. 
 
 Ant. irrefragable. Sound, Indisput- 
 able. Unquestionable. Undeniable. 
 
 Refrain, v. tr. and int. The 
 transitive use seems to have be- 
 come almost obsolete. The word 
 originally, to judge from the old 
 French form was (^re/raindre, re- 
 f'raigner') derived from the Latin 
 ref ranger e ; but, gradually taking 
 up into itself more and more 
 vividly the idea of refreuare, to 
 oridle hack or hold in, is expressed 
 by the modern French refrener. 
 
 Stn. Forbear. Hold. Abstain. Keep. 
 Ant. indulge. Venture. Continue. 
 Persist 
 
 Refresh,- v. ir. Fr. rafraichir, 
 fraiche, fresh. 
 
 Syn. Cool. Refrigerate. Invigorate. 
 Revive. Reanimate. Renovate. Recreate. 
 Renew, Restore. Cheer, Fresben. Brace. 
 
 Ant. Heat. Oppress. Weary, Burden. 
 Afflict. Annoy. Tire. Fatigue, Exhaust 
 Debilitate, Enervate, Relax, 
 
 Refreshment, n. See Re- 
 fresh, ^vlch the peculiar sense 
 albo of food. 
 
 Refuge, n. Lat. refugium, 
 re and fagere, to fiy. A place to 
 fly to 
 
 Syn i'rotection. Shelter. Harbour, 
 Asylum. Retreat. Covert. Hospitality. 
 Sanctuary. Hiding-place. 
 
 Am". Exposure. Inhospitabkuobs. PeriL 
 I'itiall. Snare. Scylla, Chftryt4i*. 
 
 Refund, v. tr. To pay back 
 into its former fund. 
 
 Stn Repay, Return. Reimbursn. 
 
 Ant. Appropriate. Withhold. Divert 
 Misapply. Eml)ezzle. Alienate, Misap- 
 propriate. Expend. Misspend. 
 
 Refuse, v. tr. and int. The 
 word seems to have been formed 
 partly from nfutare and partly 
 from recusare. 
 
 Syn. Deny. Withhold. Reject. 
 
 Akt. Grant Afford. Yield. Concede. 
 Acquiesce, 
 
 Refuse, n. See verb. 
 
 Syn. Offal. Scum. Dregs. Sediment 
 Recrement. Sweepings. ]3ross. Trash. 
 Offscourings. Debris. Remains. 
 
 Ant. Cream. Pickings. First-fruits. 
 Flower, Prime, 
 
 Refute, v. tr. Lat. refutare. 
 
 Stx. Negative. Disprove. Neutralize. 
 Ant. Prove. Confirm, fetablish. 
 
 Refutable, adj. See Refute 
 and Refragable. 
 Regain, v. tr. Be and gain, 
 
 Syn. Recover, React Reprocure, Re- 
 obtain. Retrieve, 
 
 Ant. Miss. Lose. Forfeit. 
 
 Regal, adj. Begalis, rex, a 
 Icing. Used metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Kingly. Royal. Splendid, Impe- 
 rial. Masoiificent. Princely. 
 
 Ant. JBeggarly. Miserly. Mean. Shabby. 
 
 Regale, v. tr. To entertain 
 in a royal or princely way. 
 
 Syn. Feast EnterUiin. Gratify. Dei 
 light. Refresh. 
 
 Ant. Starve, Stint Tantalize. 
 
 Regard, v. tr. Fr. regarder. 
 To observe, and thence to ob- 
 serve with special interest or 
 affection. 
 
 Stn Behold. View. Contemplate, Es- 
 teem. Consider. Deem. Afifeot Kespect 
 Value, Conceive. Heed. 
 
 Ant, Miss. Overlook, Disregard. De- 
 spise. Dislike. Contemn, Hate. Loathe. 
 Misconsider. Misconceive. Misestimate. 
 Mi^udge. 
 
 liEGARDiNG. See Regard. Part 
 used as a prep. 
 
 SvN. Toucliing. Concerning. 
 
 Axz barring. Dieregardlng. Otnlttina 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 325 
 
 Reo ardlbss , adj. See Regard , 
 followed by prep. of. 
 
 Syn. Heedless. Inconsidprate. Care- 
 less. Disregarding. IndifFercnt. Despis- 
 ing. 
 
 Ant. Careful. Considerate. Regardful. 
 Attentive. Prudent. Cautious. Circum- 
 spect Scrupulous. Mindful. 
 
 Eegknerate, V. tr. Hegcnerarc, 
 re and genus, to cause the stock to 
 spring again. 
 
 Syn. Reproduce. Renovate. Resusci- 
 tate. Revive. Revivify. Restore. Re- 
 integrate. 
 
 Ant. Waste. Corrupt. Vitiate. Dete- 
 riorate. Degenerate. 
 
 Register, v. tr. Begerere, 
 regestus, to carry hack, i.e., to 
 
 place of record. See Record. 
 
 Regression, n. Begredi, re- 
 gressus, to go back. 
 
 Syn. Retreat. Return. Retrogradatlon. 
 Retrogression. Retirement. 
 
 Ant. Advancement. Pi-ogression, Ag- 
 gression. Procession. 
 
 Regret, v. tr. Fr. regrettcr. 
 
 Syn. Grieve. Lament Repent Miss. 
 Desiderate. Deplore. 
 
 Ant. Welcome. Hail. Approve. Aban- 
 don. Abjure. Forget. Disregard. 
 
 Regular, adj. Lat. regida, a 
 rule. According to rule. 
 
 Syn. Customary. Normal. Ordinary. 
 Orderly. Stated. Recurrent Periodical. 
 Established. Recognized. Formal. Sym- 
 metrical. Certain. 
 
 ANT. Unusual. Exceptional. Abnormal. 
 Capricious. Rare. Irregular. Disordered. 
 I'^itful. Unsynimetrical. Variable. Eccen- 
 tric. Erratic. Uncertain. 
 
 Regulation, n. See Regular. 
 
 Syn. Rule. Law. Adjustment. Dis- 
 posal. Method. Government Order. 
 Control. Arrangement. 
 
 Ant. Misrule. Disorder. Anarchy. 
 Misgovemment. Maladministration. Dis- 
 arrangement. Nonregulation. Caprice. 
 License. Insubjection. Uncontrol. 
 
 Rehabilitate, v. tr. Be, 
 again, and habilis, able. To re- 
 store to lost powers or privi- 
 leges. 
 
 Syn. Reinstate. Re-empower. Recapa- 
 ejtate. Requallfy. 
 
 Ant. Denude. Divest. Disempower. 
 I nca'iw^ltate. Disqualify. Strip. Depriva 
 
 Rehearsal, n. See Rehearse. 
 
 Rehearse, v. tr. and int. Old 
 Fr. reherctr, to go over the ground 
 a second time with a harrow. 
 Used of the first as well as sub- 
 sequent recitals. 
 
 Syn. Repeat. Recite. Narrate. Re- 
 count Relate. Tell. Recapitulate. Re- 
 count Detail. 
 
 Ant. Misrepeat. Misrecite. Misre- 
 count Mlsrelate. Misrepresent Mlsde- 
 tail. 
 
 Reign, v. int. Lat. rcgnare. 
 
 Syn. Rule. Govern. PrevaiL Com- 
 mand. 
 
 Ant. Obey. Submit 
 
 Reimburse, v. tr. Applied to 
 the sum of money and the per- 
 son who receives it. 
 
 Stn. Refund. Repay. Indemnify. Sj.- 
 tisfy. 
 
 Ant. Embezzle. Appropriate. Mis- 
 apply. Alienate. Damnify. Defraud. 
 
 Rein, v. tr. Low. Lat. retina, 
 from retinere, to hold in. 
 
 Syn. Curb. Bridle. Restrain. Mode- 
 rate. Control. Govern. Check. Hold. 
 
 Ant. Indulge. Loose. Vent Dis 
 charge. Humour. 
 
 Reinforce. Be aijd inforce 
 from, fort is. See Recruit. 
 
 Reinstate. Be and instate, 
 from in and statics, state. 
 
 Syn. Rehabilitate. Restore. Reinstal. 
 Replace. Reinvest. 
 
 Ant. Degrade. Remove. Relegate. 
 Dethrone. Banish. Deprive. Divest. 
 
 Reinvest, v. tr. Be and in- 
 vest, from vestis, a robe of office. 
 See Reinstate. 
 
 Reitkhate, v. tr. Be and ite~ 
 rum, ugain. To state again oi 
 repeatedly. 
 
 Stn. Repeat. Re-express. Re-enun- 
 ciate. Renew. Reproduce. 
 
 Ant. Cancel. AVithdraw. Reverse. Re- 
 tract. 
 
 Reject, v. tr. Bejicere, rejec- 
 tus, to cast back. 
 
 Syn. rlepel. Renounce. Repudiate 
 Decline. Discard. Refuse. Exclude. 
 
 Ant. Hail. Welcome. Accept. Appro 
 pri««a Choose. Select. Admit 
 
826 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 Rbjoiok, v. inf. and tr. Old 
 ih\ rejoir. 
 
 Syn. Delight Glory. Exult Joy. 
 Triumph. Gladden. Delight Cheer. 
 Please. Enliven. Gratify, 
 
 Akt. Mourn. Grieve. Lament. Weep. 
 Borrow. Repent. Trouble. Afflict. Oppress. 
 Weary. Depress. Disappoint. Durden. 
 Darken. Distress. Pain. Sadden. Vex. 
 Annoy. 
 
 Ebjoindbr, n. Fr. rejoindre, 
 to reply. Used technically of a 
 reply in law, but commonly of a 
 reply to a sally of wit. 
 
 Syn. Retort. Replication. Rebutter. 
 Parry. 
 
 Ant. Sally. Banter. Rallying. Sar- 
 casm. Attack. Hit. 
 
 Ebkindle, V. tr. Re and kin- 
 dle, from candere, an obsolete 
 verb, from Kda>, Kalo), to set on 
 fire. 
 
 Syk. Reignite. Resuscitate. Reinspire. 
 Fan. Refocillate. Reinforce. 
 
 AuT. Stifle. Extinguish. Smother. Sup- 
 press. Damp. Quench. 
 
 Eblapsb, V. int. Belabi, lap- 
 sus, to si 12') hack again. 
 
 Syn. Retrogress. Recede. Deteriorate. 
 
 Ant. Recover. Amend. I'rogress. Ad- 
 vance. Improve. 
 
 Eelapse, n. See verb. 
 
 Eelate, v. tr. Be, again, and 
 ferre, latus, to bring. 
 
 Syn. Tell. Recite. Narrate. Recount. 
 Rehearse. Report. Detail. Describe. 
 
 Ant. Misrecite. Misrecount, Misre- 
 present. Misreport. Falsify. Pervert 
 Di.ntort Misrelate. 
 
 Eklation, n. See Eelate. Add 
 the following : — 
 
 Syn. Reference. Aspect. Connection. 
 Analogy. Proportion. Bearing. Affinity. 
 Alliance. Homogeneity. Association. Re- 
 levancy. Pertinency. Fitness. Harmony. 
 Ratio. Relative. Agreement Kinsman. 
 .i*.ppurtenancy. 
 
 Ant. Irrelation. Disconnection. Disso- 
 ciation. Irrelevancy. Impertinency. Dis- 
 proportion. Misproportion. Unfitness. Un- 
 raitableness. Heterogeneity. Disharmony 
 Wsagreemeut. Alien. 
 
 Eelativb, adj. See Eolation. 
 
 Eblax, v. tr. and int. Be- 
 laxare, re and laxus loose. 
 
 Stw. Slacken. Loosen. R«mlt Abate. 
 Mitigate. Release. Unbend. Releiit Di- 
 vert. Recreate. Rest Enervate. Un- 
 string. 
 
 Ant. Tighten. Increase. Intensify. 
 Stretch. Bend. Brace. Invigorate. Re- 
 double. Grow. Heighten, Strengthen. 
 
 Eelaxation, n. See Eelax. 
 
 Eblay. Fr. relais, from re- 
 laisser, It. rilasciare, to release. 
 
 Stn. Reinforcement Recruitment Ke- 
 fteshment Supply. Relic£. 
 
 Ant. Exhaustion. Consumption. 
 
 Eelease, V. tr. Fr. relaisser, 
 It. rilasciare. 
 
 Syn. Free. Loose. Liberate. Discharge, 
 Quit. Acquit Exempt Extricate. Dis- 
 engage. Indemnify. 
 
 Ant. Bind. Constrain. Confine. Shackle. 
 Fetter. Yoke. 
 
 Eelease, n. See verb 
 
 Eelegate, v. tr. Lat. relc" 
 gare. 
 
 Syn". Remove." Transfer. Banish. Trans- 
 port. Exile. Deport Despatch. 
 
 Ant. Recal. Locate. Reinstate. 
 
 Eelent, V. int. From Lat. 
 lentus, pliant. 
 
 Syn. Yield, Relax. Soften. 
 Ant. Persist Harden. 
 
 Eelentless, adj. See Eelent. 
 
 Syn. Cruel. Inexorable. Unyielding. 
 Remorseless. Unmerciful. Truculent. 
 
 Ant. Yielding. Humane. Feeling. 
 Clement. Merciful. Compassionate. 
 
 Eelevancy, n. See Eelevant. 
 
 Eelevant, adj. Belevare, to 
 relieve or support. That which 
 contributes to sustain the argu- 
 ment is relevant. 
 
 Stn. Appropriate. Pertinent. Apt 
 Ant. Inappropriate. Impertinent. Ir- 
 relevant. 
 
 Eeliancb, n. Fr. relayer, to 
 ease from a burden. 
 
 Syn. Confidence. Trust. Dependence. 
 
 Ant. Distrast. Misgiving. Suspicion 
 Diffidence. 
 
 Eklief, n. Lat, relevare, to 
 raise or support. It has the tech- 
 nical meaning of work raised 
 prominently above its ground, 
 a.s in architecture and sculpture. 
 
iSynonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 327 
 
 It may bo the partial or com- 
 • plete removal of pain, oppres- 
 sion, or trouble. 
 
 Stn. Succour. Support. Release. Ex- 
 trication. Alleviation. Mitlgatiou. Aid. 
 Help. Assistance. Remedy. Redress. Ex- 
 emption. Deliverance. Refreshment. Com- 
 fort. 
 
 Ant. Oppression. Aggravation. Inten- 
 sification. Burdensomeness. Trouble. Ex- 
 liaustion. Weariness. Discomfort. 
 
 EelievEj V. tr. See Relief. 
 
 Eeligion, n. Der. doubtful, 
 either from religere, to reflect, or 
 religare, to hind, i.e., the con- 
 science. It is composed of be- 
 lief and practice. 
 
 Syn. Faitli. Creed. Theology. Belief. 
 Profession. Piety. Sanctity. Godliness. 
 Holiness. 
 
 Ant. Unbelief. Irreligion. Godlessness. 
 Atheism. Impiety. Sacrilege. ScoflQng. 
 Blasphemy. Scepticism. Profanity. Hy- 
 pocrisy. Sanctimoniousness. Pharisaism. 
 Formalism. Reprobation. 
 
 Religious, adj. See Eeligion. 
 
 Eelinquish, v. tr. Belinqnere, 
 to abandon. 
 
 Syn. Resign. Leave. Quit. Forsake. 
 Abandon. Desert. Renounce. Forego. 
 Repudiate. Sunender. Discontmue. 
 
 Ant. Seize. Retain. Assume. Enforce. 
 Vindicate. Assert Maintain. Prosecute. 
 Defend. Continue. 
 
 Eelish, v. tr. Old Fr. rele- 
 cher, to lick again. To lick the 
 lips. 
 
 Syn. Like. Approve. Enjoy. Appre- 
 ciate. 
 
 Ant. Repudiate. Nauseate. Reject 
 Abominate. Loathe. 
 
 Eelish. n. See verb. 
 
 Syn. Zest. Recommendation. Enhance- 
 ment. Flavour. Savour. Gusto. Piquancy. 
 Sapidity. 
 
 Ant. Drawback. Disflavour. Disrecom- 
 mendation. Nauseousness. Disreliah. In- 
 sipidity. Unsavouriness. 
 
 Eelucent, adj. Relucens, giv- 
 ing back light. 
 
 Syn. Bright Shining. Gleaming. Glit- 
 tering. Flashing. Luminous. Radiant. 
 Crystalline. Pellucid. Effulgent. 
 
 Ant. Dull, Opaque. Ruyless. Le*den. 
 Dark. 
 
 Ebluotanob, n. litluctart, to 
 struggle back /rem or against a 
 tldng. 
 
 Stn. Aversion. Repugnance. Unwil- 
 lingness. Dislike.' Regret. Misgiving. 
 
 Ant. Desire. Readiness. Willlngnesu 
 Promptitude. Alacrity. Welcome. For- 
 wardness. Eagerness. 
 
 Eely, V. int. See Eeliance. 
 
 Eemain, V. int. Lat. renia 
 nere. 
 
 Stn. Stay. Continue. Wait. Stop. 
 Tarry. Halt. Sojourn. Rest Dwell. 
 Abide. Last Endure. Accrue. Survive. 
 
 Ant. Fly. Vanish. Remove. Depart. 
 Speed. Hasten. Press. Flit Disappear. 
 Pass. 
 
 Ebmainder, w. See Eemain. 
 
 Stn. Rest Residue. Remnant Bal- 
 ance. Surplus. Leavings. Relics. 
 
 Ant. Expenditure. Loss. Outgoings. 
 Issue. Waste. 
 
 Eemark, V. tr. Fr. remarquer, 
 to mark again . It is, like observe, 
 the peculiar sense of to state. 
 
 Stn. Observe. Note. Heed. 
 
 Ant. Misobserve. Disregard. Overlook. 
 
 Miss. 
 
 Eemarkable, adj. See Ee- 
 mark. 
 
 Syn. Observable. Noticeable. Extra- 
 ordinary. Unusual. Rare. Striking. Note- 
 worthy. Notable. Distinguished. Pecu- 
 liar. Prominent Singular. 
 
 Ant. Unremarkable. Unnoticeable. Or- 
 dinary. Mean. Commonplace. Every- 
 day. Undistinguished. 
 
 Remediable, adj. See Ec- 
 medy. 
 
 Syn. Curable. Rectifiable. Remov- 
 able. 
 
 Ant. Incurable. Irremediable. Reme- 
 diless, Desperate. Hopeless. Unalter- 
 able. 
 
 Eemedial, adj. Having tho 
 effect of a remedy, which see. 
 
 Syn. Sanatory. Sanative. Alterative. 
 Ameliorative. Mitigating. Corrective. 
 Healing. Restorative. Salubrious. 
 
 Ant. Noxious. Hurtful. Exaggerative. 
 Confirmative. Morbific. Deleterious, lu- 
 ducive. I'rovocative. 
 
 Eemedy, n. jRemediitm, from 
 re, again, and mederi, to heal. 
 
 Syn. Cure. Restorative. Counteraction 
 Reparation. Redress. Itelief. Help. 
 
328 
 
 iSi/nonyms and Antonym* 
 
 Ant. EvU, Disease. Hart. Infection. 
 Plague. 111. Impairment Deterioration. 
 Ajigravation. Provocation. 
 
 Remember, v. tr. Bememorare, 
 memoria, memory. 
 
 Syn. Recollect, kecal. Mind. Visit. 
 
 Ant. Foiget. Oblivlate. Disregard. 
 Overlook. 
 
 Reminiscenck, n. Jiemmisci, 
 to remember. 
 
 Syn. Remnant llelia Trace. Savour. 
 Leavings. 
 
 Ant. Prognostic. Indication. Sugges- 
 tion. Warning. Announcement. Henion- 
 Btration. 
 
 .Remiss, adj. J I emitter e, re- 
 missus, to let (ioivn loosely or care- 
 lessly. 
 
 Syn. Slack. Carel&ss. Negligent. Inat- 
 tentive. Wanting. Slow. Slothful. Idle. 
 Ijax. Dilatory. Tardy. 
 
 Ant. Energetic. 'Careful. Attentive. 
 Active. Assiduous. Alort. rainst^ikiiig. 
 I )iligent Strict 
 
 Remissful, adj. See Remiss. 
 
 Remit, v. tr. See Remiss. 
 Applied only to the punishment, 
 and not to the person, except 
 in the sense of to send back to 
 custody. 
 
 Syn. Relax. Pardon. Absolve. Forego. 
 Discontinue. 
 
 Ant. Increase. Intensify. Enforce. 
 Hxact 
 
 Remittent, adj. Abating pe- 
 riodically in force, yet recurring. 
 
 Syn. Periodic. Recurrent. 
 
 Ant. Chronic. Continuous. Constant. 
 
 Remnant, n. Old Fr. rema- 
 na,nt, Lat. rernanere, to remain. 
 See Remainder. 
 
 Rkmonbtrate, v. hit. Lat re, 
 again, and mmmtrare, to show. 
 To draw specific attention to a 
 case, and, as restricted by usage, 
 to something untrue or unjust 
 in it; followed by the prep. 
 against. 
 
 Syh. Expostulate. Rebel. Protest, lie- 
 p.«!cl*rat-p. Object. 
 
 Akt. A-<jDieece. Submit Coincide. 
 
 Remorse,??. Ucmordere^moT' 
 sus, to bite again. The biting, 
 as it were, of the conscience, in 
 return for its violation. It is the 
 strongest degree of repentance. 
 
 Si-N. Compunction. Anguish. Self-con- 
 demnation. 
 
 Ant. Complacency. Self-approval. Self- 
 congratulation. 
 
 Remorseless, adj. See Re- 
 morse. 
 
 Syn. Cruel. Truculent Inexorable. 
 Ruthless. 
 
 Ant. Mild. Humane. Gentle. Feel- 
 ing. Compunctious. Lenient. R«morse1ul. 
 Self-condemning. R^retfuL Compas- 
 sionate. 
 
 Remote, adj. Bemovere, re- 
 motus, to move bade or to a dis- 
 tance. 
 
 Syn. Distant Indirect Uncoimected. 
 Unrelated. Foreign. Alien. Heteroge- 
 neous. Separate. Contingent. 
 
 Ant. Near. Close. Direct. Connected. 
 Related. Homogeneous. Immediate Proxi- 
 mate. Essential. Present. Pres^ng. Ur- 
 gent Actual. 
 
 Remove, v. tr. and inf. Be, 
 back, and movere, to move. 
 
 Syn. Displace. Separate. Al)stract 
 Transport. Cany. Migrate. Depait 
 
 Ant. Restore. Conserve. Stabilitvte. 
 Perpetuate. Establish. Reinstate. Rein- 
 stal. Instal. Fix. Fasten. Stay. Re- 
 main. Dwell. Abide. Stand. 
 
 Remunerate, v. tr. Be, again, 
 and munus, a reward or gift. 
 
 Stn. Reward. Recompense. Satisfy. 
 CompetLsate. Repay. Requite. Reim- 
 burse. 
 
 Ant. Defraud. Misrequite. Misrepay 
 Dissatisfy. Danmify. 
 
 Remuneration, n. See Remu- 
 nerate. 
 
 Rend, v. tr. Aug. Sax. rev-. 
 dan, to cut. 
 
 Stn. Tear. Lacerate. IMvide. Sepa- 
 rate. Split. Disintegrate. Dlsuniie. 
 
 Ant. Repair. Piece. Patch. Conserve. 
 Unite. Perpetuata Continuate. 
 
 Render, v. tr. Fr. rendre^ 
 Lat. reddere. 
 
 Syn. Give. Present Return, Restore 
 Apportion. Assign. Surrender. [)e\)xv 
 Pay. Requite. 
 
Synonyim and Antonyyns. 
 
 329 
 
 Aht. Keep. Retain. Withhold. Ap- 
 ;>TOpriate. Alienate. Misappoi-tiou. Mis- 
 appropriate. Misrequite, 
 
 RlNKaADB, w. Sp. renrgado, 
 Lat. renegare, to deny. 
 
 SvN. Apostiite. Traitor. Deserter. Va- 
 gal): md. Tarncoat. Recreant. 
 
 Ant. Supporter. Adherent. Defender. 
 Higot. Zealot. Dogmatist Fanatic. 
 
 Eknbw, V. tr. He and new. 
 
 Stn. liecreate. Restore. Refresh. Re- 
 novate. Rejuvenate. Furbisli. Recom- 
 mence. Repeat. Reiterate. Reissue. Re- 
 generate. Reform. Transform. 
 
 Ant. Impair. Wear. Deteriorate. Vitiate, 
 lixhaust. Discontinue. Corrupt, Weaken. 
 Defile. I>prave. 
 
 Rknttent, udj. Lat. reniti, 
 to 7'esiat. 
 
 Srs. Re-sistent Elastic. Resilient. 
 Reluctant. Stubborn. Tough. Counter- 
 active. 
 
 Ant. Yielding. Lentous. Flexible. Do- 
 cile, i'liant. 
 
 Renounce, u. tr. Lat. renun- 
 tiarc. 
 
 SiN. Reject. Abjure. Disclaim. Dis- 
 own. Forego. Disavow. Deny. Quit. 
 Uesign. Abandon. Recant, llclinquish. 
 Repudiate. 
 
 Ant. Acknowledge. Recognize. Claim. 
 Alaintxin. Assert Propound. Own. Vin- 
 dicate. Avow. Profess. Hold. Retain. 
 Defend. 
 
 Renovate, v. tr. Lat. reno- 
 vare. ISee Renew. 
 
 Renown, n. Fr. renom, Lat. 
 re and nomen, a name. 
 
 Syn. Fame. Distinction. Note. Nota- 
 bility. Eminence. Celebrity. Glory. Re- 
 putation. Lustre. Honour. 
 
 Ant. Disgrace. Meanness. Iguoble- 
 ness. Degradittion. Taint. Stain. Brand. 
 Discredit Dishonour. Disrepute. 
 
 Rent, n. See Rend. 
 
 Syn. Laceration. Rupture. Fissure. 
 Divulsion. Schism. Solution. 
 
 Ant. Suture. Junction. Union. Con- 
 tinuity, integrity. Reparation. Redinte- 
 gration. Reunion. Consolidation. 
 
 Rbnunciation, n. See Re- 
 Qounce. 
 
 Rjboroanize, v. tr. lie and 
 organize, Gr. opyavov, a member, 
 limb, 01 instrument. 
 
 Syn. Rearrange. Reconstitute. Ke« 
 assemble. 
 
 Ant. Dissolve. Disband. Dissipate. 
 Disperse. Derange. Dismember. Disinte- 
 grate. 
 
 Repair, v. tr., only ird. in the 
 sense of to go. Lat. reparare. 
 In tlie intransitive sense it is 
 another word, derived from re/pi- 
 triare, for which see Resort. 
 
 Syn. Restore. Recover. Mend. 
 Ant. Impair. Waste. Wear. Dete- 
 riorate. Injure. 
 
 Reparable, adj. See Repair. 
 
 Syn. Recoverable. Curable. Retriev 
 able. 
 
 Ant. Irreparable. Incurable. Irretriev- 
 able. 
 
 Reparation, n. See Repair. 
 Used literally and metaphori- 
 cally. 
 
 Syn. Restoration. Repair. Restitution. 
 Compensation. Satisfaction. Amends. In- 
 demnification. Atonement. 
 
 Ant. Injury. Impairment Deteriora- 
 tion. Waste. Wear. Defectivenes.s. Dam- 
 nification. 
 
 Repay, v. tr. He and pay. 
 Applied both to persons and the 
 sum repaid, and sometimes in an 
 •unfavourable sense. 
 
 Syn. Remunerate. Reimburse. Re- 
 compense. Reward. Retaliate. Requite. 
 Refund. 
 
 Ant. Defraud. Misappropriate. Em- 
 bezzle. Waste. Alienate. Extort. Con- 
 fiscate. Kxact. 
 
 Repeal, v. tr. Old Fr. rapekr, 
 from Lat. re appellare, to call 
 buck. 
 
 Syn. Abolish, lievoke. Rescind. Can- 
 cel. Annul. RecaL Abrogate. Reverse. 
 Discontinue. 
 
 Ant. Continue. Establish. Pass. In- 
 stitute. Sanction. Knact. Pei-petua*tt. 
 Confirm. 
 
 Repeal, n. See verb. 
 Repeat, o. tr. Lat. repetere. 
 
 Syn. Reiterate. Iterate. Renew. Cite. 
 Quote. Relate. Rehearse. Recapitulate 
 Reproduce. 
 
 Ant. Discontinue. Drop. Discard 
 Abandon. Ignore. Suppress. Mlsrepeat 
 Misquote. Misrecite. Misrepres<»nt. *Mig 
 interpret. • Mlsconvcy 
 
330 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Rbpel, v. tr, Lat. repellere, to 
 force or drive back. 
 
 SvM. Repiilae. Reject Refuse. Deter. 
 
 Ant. Promote. Propel. Welcome. 
 Advance. Accept. Encourage. Further. 
 
 Repent, v. tr. Lat. poenitere. 
 
 Syk. Relent. Grieve. Regret Sorrow. 
 Rue. Repine. Deplore. 
 Ant. Rejoice. Persist 
 
 Repentance, n. See Repent. 
 
 SrN. Penitence. Contrition. Compunc- 
 tion. Regret. Remorse. S^lt-reproach. 
 Self-condemnation. 
 
 AitT. Impenitence. Obduracy. Recus- 
 ancy. Hardness. Reprobation. Self-ap- 
 provaL 
 
 Repercussion, n. Lat. re, 
 hack, and percutere, percussus, to 
 strike. 
 
 Sym. RecoiL Ricochet Revei-beration. 
 Rebound. 
 
 Amt. Impact Stroke. Shock. Colli- 
 sion. Contact 
 
 Repetition, w. See Repeat. 
 Repine, v. int. Re and pine, 
 Sax. pinian. 
 
 Syn. Murmur. Grumble. Complain. 
 Ant. Acquiesce. Submit Smile. Re- 
 joice. 
 
 Replace, v. tr. Be and place. 
 To put back to the proper place. 
 A.pplicable to one thing or more 
 i,han one. 
 
 Syn. Restore. Supply. Substitute. Re- 
 instate. Rearrange. Re-establish. 
 
 Ant. Move. Abstract Withdraw. Re- 
 move. Derange. Deprive. 
 
 Replenish, v. tr. Lat. re and 
 l)lenus,full. 
 
 Syn. Fill. Refil. Resupply. Stock. 
 Satisfy. Furnish. Enrich. 
 
 Ant. Waste. Empty. Exhaust Re- 
 duce. Drain. Impoverish. 
 
 Repletion, n. Lat. replere, 
 repletus, to Jill up. 
 
 Syn. Fulness. Abimdance. Amplitude. 
 Superabundance. Overfulness. 
 
 Ant. Exhaustion. Emptiness. Want. 
 Inanition. 
 
 Reply, v. int. Lat. replicare, 
 followed by prep. to. 
 
 Syn. Replicate. Answer. Respond. 
 Rejoin. 
 
 Ant. Ignore. Drop. Pretermit. Pass, 
 Jisrejfard. 
 
 Reply, n. See verb. 
 
 Report, v. tr. Fr. rappcrter, 
 Lat. reportare. 
 
 Stn. Announce. Relate. Narrate. Re- 
 cite. Describe. DetaiU Communicate. 
 Declare. 
 
 Ant. Silence. Hush. Suppress. Mis- 
 report Misrepresent Misrelate. Falsify. 
 
 Report, n. 
 
 Syn. Aimoimcement. Tidings. Rela- 
 tion. Narration. RecitaL Description, 
 Communication. Declaration. News. Itu- 
 mour. Fame. Repute. Noise. Reverbe- 
 ration. 
 
 Ant. Silence. Suppression. Misan- 
 nouncement. Fabrication. Nolselessness. 
 
 Repose, v. int. and tr. Fr. re- 
 poser, Lat. reponere. 
 
 Syn. Lie. Recline. Couch. Rest. 
 Settle. Abide. Stay. Acquiesce. Lodge, 
 Place. Deposit. 
 
 Ant. Rise. Stand. Move. Wander. 
 Flit. Flutter. Remove. Transfer, 
 
 Repose, n. See verb. 
 
 Syn. Rest Quiet Stillness. Recline- 
 tion. Tranquillity. Calmness. Peacelul- 
 ness. Ease. Peace. Quiescence. 
 
 Ant. Movement. Disquiet Unrest. 
 Agitation. Restlessness. Disturbance. 
 Commotion. Tumult. Distraction. Un- 
 
 Reprehend, V. tr. Lat. rejfre- 
 hendere. 
 
 SxN. Blame. Chide. Reprove, Cen- 
 sure. Reprimand, 
 
 Ant. Praise. Laud. Eulogize. Sanc- 
 tion. Approve. 
 
 Reprehensible, adj. See Re- 
 prehend. 
 
 Syn. Blamable. Blameworthy. Cul- 
 pable. Censurable. Reproachable. Re- 
 provable. Objectionable. 
 
 Ant. Laudable. Praiseworthy. Irre- 
 proachable. Irreprovable. Unexception- 
 able, innocent Unobjectionable. 
 
 Represent, v. tr. Lat. re and 
 prcesens, as if to make present once 
 more. 
 
 Syn. Portray. Delineate. Reproduce. 
 Exhibit Personate. State. Describe, In- 
 dicate. Embody. Enact Illustrate. De- 
 note. Play. Dramatize. Resemble. 
 
 Ant. Misportray. Mlsdelineate. Dis- 
 tort Falsify. Caricature. Misrepresent. 
 
 Representation, w. See B-^ 
 present,. 
 
ISynonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 sm 
 
 Hkpbkskntativk, n. See Ke- 
 present. 
 
 Sin. Agent. Commissioner. Proxy. 
 Deputy. Substitute. Embodiment. Per- 
 sonation. Delegate. Vicar. Vicegerent. 
 
 Ant. Autocrat. Dictator. 
 
 Eepbksentativb, adj\ See 
 Eepresent. 
 
 Ekpuess, v. tr. Lat. repri- 
 mere, repressus. 
 
 Syn. Crush. Quell. Subdue. Check. 
 Restrain. Curb. Overpower. Mitigate. 
 Damp Calm. Control. 
 
 Ant. Raise. Rouse. Excite. Agitate, 
 Aggravate. Foment. Intensify. Foster. 
 Encourage. Stimulate. Incite. Fan. 
 
 Ekpbieve, n. Lat. reprohare. 
 As it were to send back for a 
 second trial by delaying the sen- 
 tence of the first. It is also used 
 for absolute acquittal. 
 
 Syk. Respite. Acquittal Pardon. Am- 
 nesty. Intermission. 
 
 Ant. Condemnation. Conviction. Re- 
 prisal. Retribution. 
 
 Eeprimand, v. tr. Fr. rejpri- 
 mander, Lat. reprirnendus, part. 
 pass, of reprimere, to repress. See 
 Beprehend. 
 
 Eeprisal, n. Fr. reprise, from 
 reprendre, to take again. 
 
 Syn. Retaliation. Retribution. Self- 
 compensation. Self-indemnification. 
 
 Ant. Condonation. Grace. Remission. 
 Reprieve. 
 
 Eeproach, v. tu Fr. repro- 
 cher, proclie, Lat. prope, near. To 
 bring a man's actions near, or 
 before him. 
 
 Syn, Blame, Censure. Taunt, Rebuke. 
 Upbraid. Reprobate. Reprove. 
 
 Ant. Laud. l*raise. Approve. Com- 
 mend. 
 
 Eeproach, n. See verb. 
 
 Ekpeobatk, v. tr. Lat. repro- 
 hare, to disapprove. Applied to 
 conduct as reprove to persons. 
 
 Syn. Condemn. Denounce. 
 
 Ant. Sanction. Commend. Approve. 
 
 Ebpeobatb, adj. See verb. 
 Not enduring proof or trial, re- 
 jected as worthless. 
 
 Stn. Abandoned. Castaway. Irredeem- 
 able. Lost. 
 
 Ant. Hopeful, Redeemable. Salvable. 
 Recoverable. 
 
 Eepeobatb, n. See adjective. 
 
 Syn. Castaway. Villain. Ruffian. 
 Miscreant. 
 
 Ant. Example. Pattern. Mirror. Mo- 
 del. Paragon. 
 
 Eeproduce, V. tr. Lat. repro- 
 ducere. 
 
 Syn. Generate. Propagate. Imitata 
 Exhibit, Represent, Copy. 
 
 Ant. Stifle, Extinguish. Exterminate. 
 Misrepresent, Misportray. 
 
 Eeproduction. n. See Eepro- 
 duce. 
 
 Eepeovable, adj. See Ee- 
 prove. 
 
 Eeprove, v. tr. Lat. repro- 
 hare. See Eeproach. 
 
 Eepudiate, v. tr. Be, hack, 
 and pudere, to he ashamed. 
 
 Syn. Disavow. Disown, Discard, Ab- 
 jure, Renounce. Disclaim. Divorce, 
 
 Ant. Avow. Own. Vindicate. Assert. 
 Retain. Vaunt. Claim. Profess. Recog- 
 nize. Acknowledge, Accept. 
 
 Eepugnance, n. See adjective. 
 
 Eepugnant, adj'. Be, against^ 
 and pugnans, part, of pugnare, to 
 fight. 
 
 Syn. Hostile. Antagonistic, Averse, 
 Reluctant. Unwilling, Irreconcilabla 
 Incompatible. Inimical. Adverse. Con- 
 tradictory, Loath. Heterogeneous. 
 
 Ant. Friendly, Coincident. Harmo- 
 nious. Compatible. Willing. ConsistenV 
 Homogeneous, Congruous. 
 
 Eepulsive, adj. Fr. reptdsif, 
 Lat. repellere, pulsus^ to drive 
 hack. 
 
 Syn. Forbidding. Deterrent, Unge- 
 nial. Odious. Ugly. Unattractive, Dis- 
 agreeable. Revolting. 
 
 Ant. Charming. Agreeable, Attractive, 
 Winning. Captivating, Fascinating. Al- 
 luring. Seductive. Heasant. 
 
 Eeputable, adj. From re 
 pute. Lat. re, again, Midputare^ 
 to account. 
 
 Syn, Respectable. Creditable. Ilononp 
 able. Estimable. 
 
332 
 
 Synonyrm and Antonyms. 
 
 Ant. Unrespect-iblp. 
 Dishonourable. D'sgraoeful 
 
 Discreditable. 
 Disreputable. 
 
 Rrputs, 77. See Reputable. 
 
 Request, v. tr. Lat. reguirere, 
 reguisitnm, Old Fr. requeste. 
 
 Stn. Ask. Desire. Beg. Entreat. Bc- 
 ■cecb. Petition. Supplicate. 
 
 Ant. Command. Order. Insist. Di- 
 rect. Dictate. Enjoin. Require. I\;mand. 
 E.\act. 
 
 Request, n. See verb. 
 
 Requibe, v. tr. See Request. 
 
 Requital, n. See Requite. 
 
 Requite, v. tr. Be and quit, 
 in the sense of acquit or pay. 
 To quit is to quiet, or leave quiet. 
 So, to acquit is to discharge, 
 thereby leaving the mind quiet ; 
 and a quittance is a quietance — a 
 sum paid for the quiet of the 
 debtor's mind. The word re- 
 quite is used both of persons and 
 their acts, as, to requite a bene- 
 factor, or a kindness, or a 
 cruelty. 
 
 Stn. Repay. Reward. Compensate. 
 Recomjiense. Remunerate. Satisfy. Re- 
 taliate. Punish. Revenge. 
 
 Aht. Misrequite. Defraud. Condone. 
 Absolve. Pardon. 
 
 Rescind, v. tr. Re, hack, and | 
 scindere, to cut or split. \ 
 
 Syn. Revoke. Repeal. Annul. Cancel, i 
 RecaL Reverse. Abrogate. I 
 
 Ant. Pei-petuate, Enforce. Maintain. 
 Re-enact. I 
 
 Rescue, v. tr. Lat. re and 
 excutere, to shake or drive out. 
 
 Stn. Retake. Recover. Recapture. 
 Liberate. Extricate. Save. Deliver. Pre- 
 serve. 
 
 Aht. Endanger, Imperil Betray. Sur- 
 ender. Abandon. Expose. 
 
 Rescue, n. See verb. 
 
 Research, n. A compound 
 of search, which is the Fr. 
 chercher, It. cercare, from the Lat. 
 circa, about. To search, there- 
 fore, is to look about for a thing. 
 The word research is restiict^ 
 
 to the process or results of men- 
 tal or intellectual investigation. 
 
 Stn. Investigation. Inquiry. Scrutiny. 
 Examination. Exploration. 1>eamlng. 
 Lore. Discovery. Erudition. Elaboration. 
 Elimination. 
 
 Ant. Ignorance. Superficiality. Sciolism. 
 Mlsinvestigation. Shallowness. Oversight. 
 Inobservance. 
 
 Resemblance, n. Fr. ressem- 
 Uer, of which the root is the Lat. 
 similis, like. 
 
 Stn. Likeness. Similarity. Similitude. 
 Semblance. Representation. Portrait. Re- 
 flection. Image. 
 
 Ant. Unlikeness. Dissimilarity. Dis- 
 resemblance. Difference. Contrariety. 
 
 Resent, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 re and sentire, to feel. To enter- 
 tain a strong feeling against per- 
 sons or their acts, but formerly 
 used in a favourable sense. 
 
 Stn. RepeL Resist. Rebel. Recalci- 
 trate. 
 
 Ant. Acquiesce. Submit. Condone. 
 Pardon. Overlook. 
 
 Resentful, adj. See Resent. 
 
 Stn. Choleric. Malicious. Vindictive 
 Intolerant. Insubmissive. 
 
 Ant. Meek. Mild. Placable. Tolerant. 
 Forgiving. Submissive. 
 
 Resentment, n. See Resent. 
 
 Stn. Anger. Ire. Indignation. Ani- 
 mosity. 
 
 Ant. Calmness. Acquiescence. Tolera- 
 tion. Mildness. Endurance. Forgiveness. 
 
 Reserve, n. Fr. reserve, Lat. 
 re, back, and servare, to keep. 
 
 Stn. Reservation. Retention. Limita- 
 tion. AVithholding. Appropriation. Coy- 
 ness. Shyness. Backwardness. Secretive- 
 ness. Taciturnity. Modesty. Restraint 
 
 Ant. Abandonment. Non-reservation. 
 Surrender. Absoluteness. Openness. Frank- 
 ness. Forwardness. Pertness. Trans- 
 parency. Undisguise. Shamelessness. If 
 discretion. Unrestraint. 
 
 Reserved, adj. See Reserve. 
 
 Reside, v. int. See Residence. 
 
 Residence, n. Lat. residere, 
 to rest or stay. Used also of the 
 place of abode. 
 
 Stn. stay. Sojourn. Occupation. Abods 
 Pernoctation. P-welling. Location, 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 333 
 
 Ant. Migration, Travel. Locomotion. 
 4b8enteelsm. Nou-residence. Alibi. 
 
 Eesident, adj. See Eesidence. 
 Resident, n. See Eesidence. 
 
 Syn. Occupant. Dweller. Tenant. 
 Sojourner. Inhabitant 
 
 Ant. Stranger. Foreigner. Visitor. 
 
 Eesidue, n. Lat. residuum., 
 from r e aider e, to settle down or 
 remain behind. See Eemainder. 
 
 Eesign, v. tr. liesignare, re, 
 hack, and signum, a sign or seal. 
 
 Syn. Surrender. Abandon. Return. 
 Withdraw. Abdicate. Submit. Leave. 
 Relinquish. Forego. Renounce. 
 
 Ant. Retain. Claim. Appropriate. 
 Vindicate. Grasp. 
 
 Eksignation, n. See Eesign. 
 
 Syn. Surrender. Relinquishment. For- 
 saking. Abandonment. Abdication. Re- 
 nunciation. Submission. Acquiesence. 
 Patience. Endurance. 
 
 Ant. Retention. Claim. Appropriation. 
 Vindication. Grasp. Resistance. Rebel- 
 lion. Murmur. Dissatisfaction. Discontent. 
 Contumacy. Contention. Protestation. Re- 
 monstrance. 
 
 Resist, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 resistere, to stand out. 
 
 Syn. Withstand. Oppose. Hinder. 
 Check. Thwart, riebuff. 
 
 Ant. Encou'ige. Promote. Aid. Ad- 
 vance. Help. Succour. Acquiesce. Sub- 
 mit. Suffer. Allow. Tolerate. Permit. 
 
 Resistance, n. See Resist. 
 Resistible, adj. See Resist. 
 
 Syn. Weak. Refutable. Nugatory. 
 Trifling, aiildish. Worthless. 
 
 Ant. Overpowering. Irresistible. Irre- 
 fragable. Resibtles? . Overwhelming. Con- 
 clusive, 
 
 Resolute, a^i/. Lat. resolutus 
 means lax, from resolvere, to take 
 to pieces. The English idea of 
 resolution is that determination 
 to act which follows upon a care- 
 ful taldng to pieces of a matter 
 in the mind. So usage has intro- 
 duced a modern meaning of re- 
 solute which is tho opposite of 
 the ancient. 
 
 Snr. Deterniini^l. Itecided Steadfast. 
 IxeL Steady. Constant. Persevering. 
 
 Dogged. Stout. PertinacJcas. Energetic. 
 Unshaken. (Jndeviating. Unflinching. 
 
 Ant Undetermined. Undecided. Weak. 
 Inconstant. Unenergetic. FitfuL Vacil- 
 lating. Irresolute. Dubious. Shilly-shally. 
 Capricious. Variable. Ductile. 
 
 Resolution, n. See Resolute. 
 
 Syn. Separation. Decomposition. Ana- 
 lysis. Unravelling. Disentanglement Dis- 
 integration. Conversion. Firmness, &c., at 
 under Resolute. 
 
 Ant. Aggregation. Composition. Union, 
 Amalgamation. Integrity. Totality. In- 
 corporation. Synthesis. Collocation. Con- 
 servation. Entanglement Confusion. Con- 
 glomeration. 
 
 Resonant, adj. Lat. resoTians, 
 part, of resonare, to resound. 
 
 Stk. Resounding. Sonorous. Musical. 
 Metallic. Vibratory. Acoustic. ShrilL 
 Loud. Sharp. Vocal. Ringing. 
 
 Ant. Mute. Silent Dead. Dumb. 
 Muffled. Woodeu. Voiceless. Stifled. 
 Non-resonant 
 
 Resort, v. int. Old Fr. ressort, 
 from resurgere, surrectus, a spriny- 
 inq up of opportunity and means, 
 followed by the prep. to. 
 
 Syk. Repair. Fly. Retire. Retreat. 
 Ant. Shun. Ignore. Avoid. Discard. 
 
 Resort, n. See verb. 
 
 Syn. Assembly. Betaking. Repairing. 
 Haunt. Frequentation. Employment, Re- 
 course. 
 
 Ant. Shtmning. Av()idance. Forsaking. 
 Abandonment. Desertion. 
 
 Resound, v. int. See Resonant. 
 
 Syn. Ring. Reverberate. Reecho. Ra- 
 spond. 
 
 Ant. Whisper. Murmur. Breathe. 
 Mutter. Hum. 
 
 Resources, n. Commonly 
 used in the plural. Resource is 
 from resui'gere, to spring up. 
 
 Syn. Means. Material. Productions, 
 Supplies. Expedient?. Device. Con- 
 trivance. Wealth, Riches. 
 
 Ant. Destitution. Barrenness. Inani- 
 tion. Exhaustion, Lack. Drain. Non- 
 plus. Poverty. Sterility. 
 
 Respect, v. tr. Lat respicere, 
 rcsfjectus, to regard. 
 
 S^ N. Notice. , Regaid, Honour Pi«feT 
 Venerate, 
 
 Ant. Overlook. liisregard. Dbiiouoo. 
 Despise. Contemn. 
 
 Respect, n. See verb. 
 
334 
 
 bynonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Stn. Referen59. Relation. Regard. 
 Honour. Deference. 
 
 Ant. Irrelatireness. Disregard. Con- 
 tempt. DisboDonr Insnlt. Contumely. 
 Disrespect 
 
 Rkspbctablb, adj. See Re- 
 Bpect. 
 
 Si'N. Worthy. Good. Considerable. 
 Laudable. 
 
 Ant. Unworthy. Bad. Unrespectable. 
 Mean. Inconsiderable. 
 
 Respective, adj. See Respect. 
 
 Syn. Relative. Appertaining. 
 Ant. Absolute. Irrespective. 
 
 Respite, n. Lat. respectus, 
 Old Fr. respit. Regard, con- 
 sideration, expectation, then de- 
 lay or breathing-time. S^e Re- 
 prieve. 
 
 Resplendent, adj. Lat. re- 
 splendens, part, of resplendeo. 
 
 Syn. Brilliant. Gorgeous. Luminous. 
 Glittering. Flashing. Burnished. 
 
 Ant. Dead. Dull. Lustreless. Sombre. 
 
 Respond, v. int. Lat. respon- 
 dere. 
 
 Stn. Answer. Reply. Rejoin. Corre- 
 spond. Tally. Accord. Meet 
 
 Ant. Propound. Disagree. Disaccord. 
 Jar, Differ. 
 
 Response, w. See Respond. 
 RESPONSivr;, adj. See Re- 
 spond. 
 
 Stn. Answering. Correspondent Echo- 
 ing. Sympathetic. Obedient. 
 
 Ant. Alien. Unsympathetic. Strange. 
 Irresponsive. 
 
 Rest, n. Saxon rest. 
 
 Syn. Quiet. Repose. Cessation. Tran- 
 quillity. Peace. Security. Pause. Interval. 
 Intermission. 
 
 Ant. Tumult. Commotion. Agitation. 
 Disquiet Unrest Insecurity. Continuity. 
 Unlnterruptedness. Progression. Restless- 
 ness. 
 
 Rest, n. Fr. reste, Lat. restore. 
 See Remainder. 
 
 Restitution, v. Lat. resti- 
 tuere. 
 
 Stn. Restoration. Return. In- 
 demnification. Reparation. Compensation. 
 Amends. 
 
 Aht. FYaud. Deprivation. Wi>ng. 
 Robbety Abstraction. InjOMp. 
 
 Restive, adj. Old Fr. resHf, 
 from restare, to stand back. 
 
 Stn. Stubborn. Obstinate. Recalrl 
 trant. 
 
 Ant. Docile. Manageable, Tractable. 
 
 Restless, adj. See Rest. 
 
 Stn. Unquiet. Uneasy. Disturbed. 
 Sleepless. Agitated. Roving. Incessant. 
 Tossing. 
 
 Ant. Calm. Quiet Reposing. StiU. 
 Motionless. 
 
 Restoration, n. Lat. restau- 
 ratio. 
 
 Stn. Recovery. Replacement Re- 
 newal Renovation. Redintegration. Re- 
 establishment. Return. Revival. Reu- 
 titution. Reparation. Compensation. 
 Amends. 
 
 Ant. Loss. Lapse. Forfeiture. Dis- 
 placement. Deterioration. Impairment 
 Deprivation, Abandonment Departure, 
 Injury. Waste, Abstraction. Seizure. 
 Wrong. 
 
 Restorative, adj. See Re- 
 storation, 
 
 Stn. Compensatory. Remedial Repa- 
 ratory. Invigorating. 
 
 Ant. Exhaustive. Debilitating. Wast- 
 ing. Consumptive. 
 
 Restore, v. tr. Lat. restaurare. 
 
 Stn, Return. Replace. Refund- Re- 
 pay, Reinstate, Re-establish. Renew. 
 Repair. Recover. Heal. Cure. Refresh. 
 
 Ant. Abstract Remove. Displace 
 Appropriate. Alienate. Deprive. Impair. 
 Wound. Injure. Dilapidate. Shatter, 
 
 Restrain, v. tr. Old Fi\ re- 
 straindre, Lat. restringcre, re- 
 strictus. 
 
 Stn. Check, Repress, Hinder. Limit 
 Confine. Restrict Withhold, Curb. 
 Coerce, Prohibit Narrow. Circumscribe 
 Reduce. 
 
 Ant. Promote. Advance. Urge, In 
 cite. Aid. Liberate. Indulge. Loose 
 Vent Amplify. Enlarge. Expand. Ex- 
 tend, 
 
 Restraint, n. See Restrain. 
 
 Restrict, v. tr., Restriction 
 n. See Restrain. Restrain differs 
 from restrict in being applicable 
 more especially to matters con- 
 nected with the will and actiona 
 of men. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 335 
 
 Eesult, v. int. Fr. resuUer, 
 Lat. resultare, from resilire, to 
 rebound. 
 
 Sth. Terminate. End. Ensue. Event- 
 uate. 
 
 Ant. Originate. Arise. Precede. Spring. 
 Commence. Start Begin. 
 
 Eesult, n. See verb. 
 
 Stn. Termination. End. Issue. Effect. 
 Consequence. Product, Fruit. Develop- 
 ment. Conclusion. Remainder. 
 
 Aht. Beginning. Commencement Ini- 
 tiative. Cause. Rise. Spring. Origin. 
 Operation. Causation. Tendency. Pro- 
 duction. Antecedent Premonition. Prog- 
 nostic. Indication. 
 
 Kesume, V. tr. Lat. resumere, 
 to take again. 
 
 Stn. Recommence. Renew. 
 
 Ant. Drop, Discontinue. Intermit. 
 Interrupt 
 
 Eesumption, n. See Resnme. 
 
 Eesurrection, n. liesurgere, 
 resurrect us, to rise again. Used 
 also metaphor; s-ally. 
 
 Syn. Rising. Renovation. Resuscitation. 
 Regeneration. 
 
 Ant. Death. Burial. Interment Ex- 
 tinction. 
 
 Eebuscitate, V. tr. He, again, 
 and suscitare, to summon up. 
 
 Stn. Revive. Re-excite. Reanimate. 
 Reinvigorate. Revivify. 
 
 Ant. Extinguish. liay. Prostrate, 
 Quench. 
 
 Eetain, V. tr. Lat. retinere. 
 
 Stn. Keep. Hold. Restrain. 
 
 Ant. Abandon. Forfeit Surrender. 
 
 Eetaliatb, V. tr. Be, again, 
 and talis, such. To requite such 
 a mode or measure of treatment 
 as one has received, but re- 
 stricted by usage to an unfavour- 
 able sense. 
 
 Stn. Avenge. Retort Repay. Re- 
 quite. 
 
 Ant. Pardon, Condone. Forgive. 
 
 Ebtaliation, n. See Eeta- 
 liate. 
 
 SvN. Revenge. Repayment. Retribu- 
 tion. Requital. Reprisals, lleciprocation. 
 
 Ant. I'ardon. Condonation. Forgive- 
 i;t'<ja. Remia«ioD. 
 
 Ehtard, V. tr. Re and tardus, 
 slow. 
 
 Syn. Impede. Clog. Hinder. Obstnict 
 Delay. 
 
 Ant. Accelerate. Expedite, Promote. 
 Quicken. 
 
 Eetbntion, n. See Eetain. 
 Eetentivb, adj. Having the 
 power of retaining. 
 
 Stn. Preservative. Close. Tenacious. 
 Mindful. 
 
 Ant. Loose. Leaky Oblivious. 
 
 Eeticencb, n. Reticentia, 
 from reticere, re and tacere, to 
 be silent. 
 
 Stn. Reser\'e. Silentness. RefraiB- 
 Repressiveness. 
 
 Ant. Unreserve. Abandon. Garrulity. 
 Freedom. 
 
 Ebtinue, n. Fr. retenir, to 
 retain or engage. The company 
 of engaged attendants. 
 
 Stn. Retainers. Attendants. Suite. 
 Pomp. Followers. Tail. Satellites. 
 Escort. 
 
 Ant. Non-attendance. Unstatellness. 
 Solitariness. 
 
 Eetirb, V. int. Fr. retirer, to 
 draw back. 
 
 S\-N. Withdraw. Retreat Depart. Se- 
 cede. Shrink. Repair. 
 
 Ant. Approach. Advance. 
 
 Eetirement, n. See Eetire. 
 
 Stn. Solitude. Privacy. Departure. 
 Seclusion. Recess. Concavity. Retreat 
 
 Ant. Publicity. Approach. Advance. 
 Prominence. I'rotrusion. Convexity. 
 
 Eetort, n. Lat. retorqicere, 
 retortus, to twist back, i.e., his own 
 saUy or argument upon another. 
 
 Syn. Rejoinder. Replication. Repartee. 
 Keciprocatloa. Retaliation. Reply. An- 
 swer. 
 
 Aht. Concession. Confession. Acquies- 
 cence. Acceptance. 
 
 Eetobt, V. tr. See noun, 
 
 EetBAOT, v. tr. and int. Re- 
 tractare, from retrahere^ to drau 
 back. 
 
 Stn. Withdraw. Recal. Revoke. Ua 
 say. Disavow. Recant. Abjnre. K© 
 Eounce. 
 
 Ant, Reiterate Repeat 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 n. See Ee- 
 
 336 
 
 Rkitiactation 
 
 tract. 
 
 Rktubat, v. int. Fr. retraire, 
 'iO ivithdraio. 
 Stn. See Retire. 
 
 Retreat, n. See. verb. Used 
 also for the plsice of retreat. 
 
 Syn. Retirement. Departure. With- 
 irawal. Seclusion. Solitude. Privacy. 
 Asylum. Shelter. Hefuge. Recess. 
 
 Ant. See Retirement. 
 
 Retrench, v. tr. Old Fr. re- 
 
 trenclier, to cut back. 
 
 Stn. Reduce. Abbreviate. Diminish. 
 Limit Contract. Curtail. Lessen. Econo- 
 mise. 
 
 Ant. Enlarge. Increase. Extend. Ex- 
 pand. Multiply. Amplify. Augment. 
 
 Retrenchment, n. See verb. 
 
 Retribution, n. Lat. retri- 
 biiere, to give back or assiyn a 
 punishment to an offence. Re- 
 stricted by present "usage to this 
 unfavourable sense. 
 
 Stn. Penalty. l{epayment. Reward. 
 Compensation. Punishment. Visitation. 
 
 Ant. Condonation. Remission. Pardon. 
 Reprieve. Non-retribution. Sparing. 
 
 Retrievable, adj. See Re- 
 trieve. 
 
 Syn. Recoverable. Redeemable. Hope- 
 ful. Solvable. Reformable. Amendable. 
 
 Ant. Hopeless. Desperate. Irredeemable. 
 Irrecoverable. Reprobate. Lost. Irre- 
 formable. l) nameudable. 
 
 Retrieve, v. tr. Fr. retrouver, 
 to find again. 
 
 Syn. Rewver. Regain, Rescue. Re- 
 pair. Restore. 
 
 Ant. Lose. Forfeit. Abandon. Betray. 
 Surrender. Impair. Deteriorate. 
 
 Reteogrebsion, n. Lat. re- 
 trogredi, gressus, to stepbackwards. 
 Used metaphorically. 
 
 SvN. Retreat. Retirement. Decline. 
 Relapse. 
 
 Ant. Advance. Progress. Improve- 
 ment. Amelioration. 
 
 Rfteospeot, n. Lat. rdro- 
 apicere, spectus, to look back. 
 
 SVK. Review. Survey. Recollection. 
 Rfiminiscenco. Reconsideration. 
 
 Ant. rrognostioation. Anticfp«ttoa 
 Speculation, forecasting. Piophecy. Pro. 
 
 spect. 
 
 Return, v. tr. and int. Fr. 
 retourner. 
 
 Syn. Recur. Revert. Reappear. Re- 
 pay. Requite. Recompense. Retaliate. 
 l{ender. Restore. Yield. Produce. 
 
 Ant. Depart Remove. Vanish. Dis- 
 appear. Retain. Appropriate. Misappro- 
 priate. Alienate. Withhold. 
 
 Reveal, v. tr. lievehre, to 
 unveil, re, back, and velum, a 
 veil. 
 
 Stn. Unveil. Disclose. Show. Com 
 municat6. Divulge. Discover. Expose. 
 
 Ant. Hide. Obscure. Conceal Suppress 
 Cover. Cloak. 
 
 Revel, v. int. Old Fr. revel, 
 noi'se, resistance, Lat. rebellare, 
 and so another form of rebel, to 
 carouse noisily. 
 
 Syn. Carouse. Feast Banquet Luxu- 
 riate. 'Wallow 
 
 Ant. Fast. Abstain. Nauseate. 
 
 Revelation, n. See Reveal. 
 
 Revelry, 71. See Revel. • 
 
 Revenge, n. Lat. revindi- 
 catio. 
 
 Syn. Retaliation. Vengeance. Retribu- 
 tion. Requital. 
 
 Ant. Condonation. Pardon. Com- 
 passion. Remission. 
 
 Revenge, v. tr. See noun. 
 Revengeful, adj. See Re- 
 venge. 
 
 Syn. Vindictive. Unforgiving. Un- 
 compa.ssionate. Spiteful. Resentful. 
 
 Ant. Unvindictlve, Forgiving. Com- 
 passionate. Um-esentfuL Generous. Chi- 
 valrous. 
 
 Revenue, n. Old Fr., from 
 revenir, to return. 
 
 Stn. Income. Produce. Return. I'ro* 
 ceeds. Fruits. Wealth. Enrichment. 
 
 Ant. Outgoings. Expenditure. Waste. 
 Deductions. Exhaustion. Expense. Im- 
 poverishment 
 
 Reverberate, v. int. liever* 
 berare, from re, back, and verbe» 
 rare, to beat or lash, verbn', a lash. 
 
 Syn, Echo. Recoil Reflect Revert 
 Resound. 
 
 Ant. Strike. Impinge fifest 
 
tSynonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 337 
 
 filVBEBEiU-TiON, n. See Ke- 
 ferberate. 
 
 Reverence, n. Lat. rever- 
 entia. 
 
 Sin. Honour. Awe. Veneration. 
 Adoration. Deference. Devstlou. Respect. 
 Worsliip. Homage. 
 
 Ant. Dishonour. Contempt. Slight. 
 Irreverence. Contumely. Contumacy. 
 
 Eevekie, n. Yr., irom reuer, 
 to dream. 
 
 Stn. Dream. Day-dream. Trance. 
 Vision. Pbantasy. Ideality, Wool-gather- 
 ing. Wandering. Musing. 
 
 Ant. Study. Attention. Diligence. 
 Application. 
 
 Eeverse, V. tr. Lat. revertere, 
 versus. 
 
 Syn. Invert. Derange. Counterchange. 
 
 Ant. Order. Arrange. Place. CoUo- 
 3ate. Range. 
 
 Reverse, n. See Reverse. It 
 has the peculiar sense of a 
 counterchange of fortune from 
 good to bad. 
 
 Stn. Inversion. Derangement. Counter- 
 change. Counterposition. Opposition. Con- 
 trariety. Contradiction. Alteration. 
 Change. Mutation. Rear, Back. Evolu- 
 tion. Counterexhibition. 
 
 Ant. Version. Arrangement. Sequence. 
 Order. Collocation. Position. Perpetua- 
 tion. Continuance. Stability. Identity. 
 Uniformity. Hegularitj, Obverse, Front. 
 
 Reversible, adj. See Re- 
 verse. 
 
 Stn. Changeable. Exchangeable, 
 Counterchangeable. Alterable. Mutable. 
 Revocable. Discretional. 
 
 Ant. Perpetual. Unalterable. Un 
 changeable. Irreversible. Absolute, Un 
 discretional. 
 
 Revert, v. int. Lat. revertere. 
 
 Stn. Return, Accrue. Reaccrue, 
 Recur. 
 
 Ant. Depart. Eschtjat. Ignore. Drop. 
 Dismiss. Discard, 
 
 Review, v. tr. Fr. revue, from 
 revoir, to see again, Lat. revidere. 
 
 Stn. Reconsider. Revise. Examine, 
 survey. Inspect. 
 
 Ant. Diicard. Dismiss. Overlook. 
 Skim. Disregard. Misexamine. 
 
 Revile, v. tr. To treat as 
 vile. 
 
 Stn. Reproach. Slander. CalunmMU). 
 Vilify. Abuse. Blaspheme. 
 
 Ant. Flatter. Compliment. Eulogise. 
 Panegyrize, Laud. Extol. 
 
 Revise, v. tr. Lat. reviser e 
 from revider'e. See Review. 
 
 Revive, v. tr. and int. J>e 
 and vivas, alive. To bring or 
 return to life. 
 
 Sin, Reanimate. Revivify. Resusci- 
 tate. Refresh. Reassure. Recover. Awake, 
 Live. 
 
 Ant. Extinguish, Kill. Depress, hx- 
 haust Discourage. Droop. Fade. Wither. 
 Decline. Die. 
 
 Revivify, v. tr. Pie, again, 
 and vivificare, from vivus, alive, 
 and facere, to make. 
 
 Revocable, adj. See Revoke 
 and Reversible. 
 
 Revoke, v. tr. Lat. revocare, to 
 call back. 
 
 Stn. Rccal. Withdraw. Cancel 
 Annul. 
 
 Ant. Sanction. Enact. Perpetuate. 
 Enforce. Reiterate. Renew. 
 
 Revolt, v. int. Fr. revolter, 
 Lat. revolvere, volutus. 
 
 Syn. Rebel. Struggle. Kick. Resist. 
 Rise, Recalcitrate. 
 
 Ant. Acquiesce. Obey, Submit 
 
 Revolt, n. See vej-b. 
 
 Syn. Insurrection. Sedition. Rebellion. 
 Mutiny. 
 
 Ant. Submission. Acquiescence. Loy- 
 alty. 
 
 Revolting, adj. Causing a 
 feeling of revolution. 
 
 Stn. Shocking. Repulsive. Ofifenslve. 
 Horrible. Hideous. Abhorrent. 
 
 Ant. Attractive. Genial. Pleasing, 
 Charming. Captivating. 
 
 Revolution, n. Lat. revolvere, 
 volutus, to turn hack. 
 
 Stn. Rotation. Periodicity. Return. 
 Change. Alteration. Revulsion, Revolt. 
 Reconstitution. Emeute. 
 
 Ant. Fixity. Permanence. Stability, 
 Conservation. Allegiance. Stabilitation. 
 Perpetuation. Suppression. 
 
 Revolve, v. tr. See Revolu- 
 tion. Used metaphorically «< 
 examining in the mind. 
 
338 
 
 Synonyrm and Antonyms. 
 
 Stn, Contemplate. Turn. Consider, 
 Weigh, Ponder, Examine. 
 
 Ant. Discard. Disregard. Dismiss. 
 Misconsider 
 
 Revulsion, n. Lat. revdlere, 
 vuhtts, to pull hack. 
 
 Syw. Revolution. Abhorrence. Es- 
 trangement. Antagonism. 
 
 Ant. Coincidence. Harmony, Acqui- 
 escence. Sympathy. Reconcilement Fa- 
 miliarity. Reciprocity. 
 
 Reward, v. tr. The same 
 word as Regard, the gu of the 
 French guarderhemg represented 
 by the English w. Now restricted 
 to a favourable sense. 
 
 Stn. Compensate. Honour, Decorate, 
 Remunerate, 
 
 Ant. Punish. Misrequite. 
 
 Rich, adj. Ang. Sax. ric, Fr. 
 riche. Used in many analogous 
 
 senses. 
 
 Syn. Wealthy. Opulent. Affluent. 
 Abnnaant. Generous. Productive. Copious. 
 Fertile. Fruitful.' Valuable. Costly, jcilgh- 
 flavoured. Luscious. Oleaginous. Vivid, 
 Deep. Bright. Superb. Gorgeous. 
 
 Ant. Poor. Impoverished. Impe- 
 cunious. Needy. Indigent. Reduced. Ex- 
 hausted. Unproductive. Scanty. Niggardly. 
 Barren. Sterile. Unfruitful. Valueless. 
 Tasteless. Watery. Pale. Beggarly. Nude. 
 Bald. Cold. 
 
 Riches, n. Fr. richesse. 
 
 Stn. Wealth. Opulence. Affluence. 
 Wealthiness. Richness. Plenty. Abund- 
 ance. Treasure. Possessions. 
 
 Ant. Poverty. Pauperism. Impecuni- 
 osity. Neediness. Indigence. Destitution. 
 Necessity. Lack. Privation. Beggary. 
 Insolvency. 
 
 Riddance, n. Old Eng. red, 
 modern rid, to deliver. 
 
 Stn. Quittance. Dispensation. Libera- 
 tion. Escape. 
 
 Ant. Entanglement. Burden. Nuisance. 
 Annoyance. 
 
 Riddle, n. Ang. Sax. roedan. 
 Germ, rathen, to counsel. 
 
 Syn. Puzzle. Enigma. Ambiguity 
 Problem. Paradox, 
 
 Ant. Solution. Explanation. State- 
 ment. Proposition. Axiom. 
 
 Ridicule, n. Lat, ridiculus, 
 to he laughed at, from ridere, to 
 lanyh. 
 
 Stn. Derision. Banter. Raillery. BiM 
 
 lesque. Caricature. Mockery, Lcny 
 Satire. Sarcasm. Jeer Sneer. Cachin* 
 nation. Disrespect. 
 
 Ant. Veneration. Respect. Deference. 
 Salutation. Honour. Homage. 
 
 Ridicule, v. tr. See noun. 
 Ridiculous, adj. See Ridi- 
 cule. 
 
 SrN. Laughable. Ludicrous. Droll. 
 Contemptible. Preposterous. Absurd. 
 Grotesque. Trifling. Trivial. 
 
 Ant. Serious. Grave. Important. 
 Weighty. Considerable. Venerable. Im- 
 posing. Majestic. 
 
 Right, n. Ang. Sax. riht, 
 Lat. rectus, from regere, to rule or 
 direct. That which obeys the law 
 of truth, justice, or propriety. 
 
 Stn. Rectitude. Correctness. Straight- 
 ness. Integrity. Justice. Truth. Pro- 
 priety. Fitness. Suitableness. Claim 
 Power. Privilege. 
 
 Ant. Wrong. Incorrectness. Crooked- 
 ness. Ferverseness. Disintegrity. Injustice. 
 Falsehood. Impropriety. Unfitness. Usujp- 
 ation. Encroachment. Force. Violence. 
 
 Right, adj. See noun. 
 Righteous, adj. See Right. 
 
 Syn. Upright. Just. Godly. VirtuocB. 
 Uncorrupt. Rightful. Equitable, Truth- 
 ful. Conscientious. 
 
 Ant. Unrighteous. Perverse. Evil. 
 Unjust. Ungodly. Viciotis. Corrupt 
 Wrongful. False. Unconscientious. Un- 
 principled. Unjustifiable. Abandoned. 
 Profligate. Dishonourable. Unfair. 
 
 Righteousness, n. See Right- 
 eous. 
 
 Rigid, adj. Lat. rigidu^. Used 
 physically of material, and me- 
 taphorically of moral, disposi- 
 tion. 
 
 Stn. Stifi". Unpliant. Unflexible. Stub- 
 born. Tough. Stark. Staunch. Un- 
 swerving. Exact. Unbending. Undeviat- 
 Ing. Austere. 
 
 Ant. Pliant Docile. Flexible. Varia- 
 ble. Mild, Lenient. Inexact Yielding. 
 Inconstant. Inconsistent 
 
 Rigour, n. See Rigid. 
 Riot, n. Old Fr. riote. 
 
 Syn. Noise. Uproar. Tumuli. Uevel 
 Disturbance. Turbulence. 
 
 Am. Peace. Pacification; Gnbrietj 
 Quiescence. Ofdcrllnesi» 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 339 
 
 EiJ»l, adj, Ang. Sax. o^ipe. 
 
 Sin. Mature. Perfeet. Developed. Full. 
 Complete. Advanced. -Matured. Seasoned. 
 Consummate. Ready. Prepared. Mel- 
 lowed. Concocted. 
 
 Akt. Green. Raw. Crude. Immature. 
 Prrmature. Imperfect. Undeveloped. 
 MUghted. Withered. Unseasoned. Sour, 
 tiaready. Unfit. Unprepared. Unmel- 
 k)wcd. 
 
 EiSB, V. int. Ang. Sax. risan.' 
 
 SrN. Ascend. Mount. Float. Soar, 
 Grow. Arise. Tower. Slope. Emerge. 
 Appear. Spring. Originate. Extend. Ex- 
 pand. Swell. Increase. Excel. Prosper. 
 Climb. 
 
 Ant. Descend. Decline. Sink. Drop. 
 Diminish. Fall. Subside. Crouch. Nestle. 
 Dip. Set. Wane. Vanish. Disappear. 
 Terminate. End. Debouch. Contract. 
 Decrease. Fail. 
 
 ElsiBLE^ adj. Risibilis, ridere, 
 to laugh. See Eidiculous. 
 
 EiSK, n. Old Fr. risque, Sp. 
 risco, a precipice. 
 
 Stn. Hazard. Danger. Peril. Ex- 
 posure. Jeopardy. 
 
 Ant. Safety, Security. Insurance. 
 Protection. Prophylactic. 
 
 ElSK, V. tr. See noun. 
 
 EiTE, n. Lat. ritus. Any 
 usage established by law, pre- 
 cept, or custom. 
 
 Stn, Form. Custom, Ceremony. Ob- 
 servance. Usage. Celebration. 
 
 Ant. Inobservance. Disuse, Obsolete- 
 ness. Non-observance, Non-celebration, 
 Desuetude, 
 
 Eival, n. Bivalis, from rivas, 
 a river. A dweller on the banks 
 of the same river, yet of a dif- 
 ferent nationality. 
 
 Stn, Antagonist. Competitor. Co-suitor. 
 Ant, Adherent. Supporter. Comrade. 
 Coatyutor. Neutral. 
 
 EiVAL, V. tr. See noun. 
 
 Syn. Emulate. Challenge. Equal. Con- 
 tend. Strive. Compete. 
 
 Ant. Succumb. Surrender. Yield. Pro- 
 mote. Reverence. Retire. Defer. 
 
 ElVALEY, n. See Eival. 
 
 EoAM, V. int. Old Fr. romier, 
 It. romero, romeo, a pilgrim. 
 
 8th, Wander. Rove, Ilange. StrolL 
 (Uinble. Stray. Stiucjer. 
 
 Ant. Hurry. Speed. Fly. Hastea 
 
 Pi-ess. 
 
 EoB, V. tr. Old Fr. rt^tr, 
 Germ, rauben. 
 
 Stn. Plunder. Deprive. Denude. Strip. 
 Pillage. Defraud. Cheat. Impoverish. 
 
 A»T. Compensate. Endow. Enrich. 
 Invest. Indemnify. 
 
 EoBBBR, n. See Eob. 
 
 Syn. Thief. Depredator. Plunderei, 
 Freebooter. Brigand. Pirate. 
 Ant. Guard. Escort. Protector. 
 
 EoBB, V. tr. Fr. robe. Conn. 
 with rob. Either originally a 
 skin stripped from an animal, or 
 garments taken in war. 
 
 Syn. Invest. Array. Clothe. Deck. 
 Drape. 
 
 Ant. Divest. Disrobe. Unclothe. De- 
 nude. Strip. 
 
 EoBUBT, adj. Lat. robusfiis, 
 from robur, oak, strength. 
 
 Syn, strong. Lusty. Sturdy. Sinewy. 
 Muscular, Hale. Hearty. Vigorous. Sound. 
 Iron, 
 
 Ant. Weak, Frail. Puny. Fragile. 
 Weakly, Delicate. Sickly. 
 
 EoQUK, n. Probably conn, 
 with the Fr. roder, to wander. 
 
 Syn. Vagabond. Scamp. Rascal, &c. 
 Ant. True-penny. Gentleman. 
 
 EOGUERY, n. See Eogue. 
 
 Syn. Trickery. Cheating. Chicanery. 
 Swindling. Vagabondism. Mischief. Fraud. 
 Knavery. 
 
 Ant. Honesty. Integrity. Honour. Up- 
 rightness. Conscientiousness. 
 
 EoLLiOKiNa, adj. Prob. made 
 up of the words roll and frolick. 
 
 Stn. Roystering, Frolicsome. Hoy- 
 denish. Blustering. 
 
 Ant. Staid. Sedate. Demure. 
 
 Romance, n. A composition 
 of poetry and fiction written in 
 the Eomanesque languages; that 
 is, the languages of modern 
 Europe mixed with the Eoman 
 or Latin. 
 
 Stn. Fable. Fiction, Novel. Marvel. 
 Rhapsody. Rodomontade. Gasconade. 
 Balderdash. 
 
 Airr. History Narrative. Truth. Fact 
 
 z2 
 
340 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Romantic, adf. See Romance. 
 
 Sin. Fabulous. Uhapsodical. Fictitious. 
 Sentimental. 
 
 Amt. Historical. Literal. Truthful. 
 Unromantic. Unvarnished. Unadorned. 
 
 Room, n. Ang. Sax. rum. 
 
 Stn. Space. Ground. Compass. Ex- 
 tent. Locality. Opportunity. Capability, 
 Occasion. Margin. Capacity. Admission. 
 
 Ant. Restriction. Limitation. Con- 
 Bncmeiit. Incapability. Exclusion. Neu- 
 tralization. 
 
 Root, n. Dan. rod. Allied to 
 Lat radix, and Gr. piCa. Used 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Radix. Radicle. Stem. Origin. 
 
 Source. Spring. Rise. Commencement. 
 Parent. 
 
 Ant. Branch. Ramification. Outcome. 
 
 Product. Issue. Progeny. 
 
 Rooted, adj. See Root. 
 
 Syn. Fixed. Established. Grounded. 
 Based. Inveterate. Domiciled. Naturalized. 
 Installed. 
 
 Ant. Unestablished. Insecure. Uncer- 
 tain. Wavering. Unsettled. Oscillating. 
 Dubious. Precarious. Superficial. Specious. 
 Propped. Bolstered. Shored. 
 
 Rot, n. Aug. Sax. rotian, to 
 putrefy. 
 
 Syn. Putrefaction. Corruption. Decay. 
 Putrescence. Mouldiness. Mildew. 
 
 Ant. Integrity. Wholesomeness. Sound- 
 ness. Vigour. Preservation. Healthinass. 
 Sweetness. Purity. 
 
 Rotation, w. Lat. rota, a 
 wheel. 
 
 Syn. Turn. Series. Order. Succession. 
 Revolution. Course. Reversion. Recur- 
 rence. 
 
 Ant. Simultaneity. Perpetuity. Con- 
 Btancy. Non-intermittence. Contempo- 
 raneousness. 
 
 Rotten, adj. See Rot. 
 
 Rotundity, n. Having more 
 or less the character of round- 
 ness. Rotundus, round. 
 
 Stn. Roundness. Cotvexity. Circularity. 
 Sphericity. Globosity. Prominence. Pro- 
 tuberance. Intumescence. 
 
 Ant. Concavity. Flatness. Angularity. 
 
 ROUOH, adj. Ang. Sax. hreow, 
 and other forms. Germ, ranch. 
 
 Stn. Uneven. Harsh. Bristly. ScftbrotUL 
 iugged. Bjaotty. Unpolished. Boisterous. 
 renQM0<.tK>na. Stonuy. Ccmm. &3atxj. 
 
 Disordered. Urureflned. Uncourteous. Rna« 
 Unshaped. Churlish. Blunt. 
 
 Aht. Even. Smooth. Level. Follshedt 
 Glabrous. Glossy. Glassy. Silky, Sleek. 
 Velvety. Calm. Tranquil. Refined. 
 Courteous. Courtly. Shapely. Shaped. 
 Finished. Oily. Specious. 
 
 Round, adj. See Rotundity. 
 
 Rouse, v. tr. Conn, with Raise, 
 which see. 
 
 Stn. Wake. Excite. Agitate. Sttatle. 
 Surprise. 
 
 Ant. Compose. Allay. Calm. Soothe 
 Quiet. Repress. 
 
 RouTENB, n. Fr. route, patli, 
 way, road. 
 
 Stn. Round. Course. Succession. Order. 
 Rule. Custom. System. Sequence. Gra- 
 dation. Rotation. Stereotype. Prescrip- 
 tion. Tenor. Uniformity. Method. Set- 
 tlement. Regulation. 
 
 Ant. Casualty. Chance. Lottery. For- 
 tune. Impulse. Interest Individuality. 
 Merit. Spontaneity. Alterableness. Mar- 
 gin. Deviation. Modification. 
 
 Rove, v. int. Conn, with Rob 
 
 Stn. Ste Roam. 
 
 Row, n. Ang. Sax. raw. 
 
 Stn. Series. Order. Rank. Sequence. 
 Continuation. Continuity. File. String. 
 Concatenation. Thread. 
 
 Akt. Dissociation. Disconnection. Rup- 
 ture. Intermission. Hiatus. Solution. 
 Failure, Gap, Discontinuance. Dissolu- 
 tion. Inconsequence. Derangement. De- 
 viation. Flexion. Deflexion. Irregularity 
 Sinuosity. Flexuosity. 
 
 Rubicund, adj. Lat. rubicun- 
 dus, rubescere, to grow red, rubes, 
 red. 
 
 Stk. Ruddy. Flushed. Red. Sanguine. 
 Blushing. 
 
 Ant. Pale. Wan. Pallid. Elxsan- 
 guineous. 
 
 Ruddy, adj. Ang. Sax. ruder, 
 redness, rud, reod, read, red. See 
 Rubicund. 
 
 Rude, adj. Lat. rudis. Ini- 
 tiatory, incomplete. 
 
 Stn. Impertinent Rough. Uneven, 
 Shapeless, Unfashloned, Artless. Un- 
 polished. Uncouth. Inelegant. Rustic. 
 Coarse. Vulgar. Clownish. Raw. Un- 
 skilful. Untaught Illiterate. Ignorant 
 Uncivil. Saucy. ImpcUte. lapudert 
 Insolent Surly. Curriab. Churlish. Bnital 
 Uncivilized. Barboroua. Savage. Violeul 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 341 
 
 rnmnltuous. Ttxbulent. Jmpeiuous. 
 Boisterous. Harsh. Inclement. Serere. 
 Insulting. Grotesque. Barbaric. Archaic. 
 Ant, Modest. Bashful. CiviL Cour- 
 teous. Ceremonious. Deferential. Smooth. 
 Even. Artistia Polished. Fashioned. 
 Courtly. Elegant. High-wrought l*olite. 
 Accommodating. Considerate. Refined. 
 Gentle. Peaceful. Calm. Genial. Balmy. 
 Halcyonic. Serene. Placid. Modern. 
 Modish. Fashionable. 
 
 RuDlMENTj n. Ijat. riulinien- 
 tum, from rudis. 
 
 Stk. Principle. I5oginning. Germ. Seed. 
 Embryo. Element. Nucleus. Initiation. 
 Commencement. 
 
 Ant. Perfection. Completion. Deve- 
 lopment. Expansion. Organization. Fruit. 
 Maturity. Consummation. Product. Issue. 
 
 Rudimental, adj., Eudimen- 
 tary, arJj. See Eudiment. The 
 difiference of these two adjectives 
 consists in their application. Eu- 
 dimental is subjective^ Eudimen- 
 tary, objective. So a rudimental 
 education, a rudimentary leg or 
 wing in anatomy, implying that 
 it was not fully organized or de- 
 veloped. 
 
 EuB, V. tr. Ang. Sax. hreowun. 
 See Ecpeiit. 
 
 EuFFLE, V. tr. Old Eng. rw/. 
 Equivalent to rough. 
 
 Syn. Wrinkle. Roughen. Discompose. 
 Disturb. Agitate. Disorder. Derange. 
 Disarrange. Confuse. lixcite. 
 ' Ant. Smooth. Allay. Equalize. Com- 
 pose. Quiet. Arrange. Calm. Stroke. 
 Condliatc. 
 
 Bugged, adj. From the root 
 of ru;j. Eough. 
 
 Stn. Uneven. Bristly. Shaggy. Ilou<;h. 
 Wrinkled. Rude. Harsh. Hard. Crabbed. 
 Severe. Austere. Surly. Turbulent. In- 
 clement. Bluff. Blunt. Untutored. Churl- 
 ish. Unpolished. Difficult. 
 
 Ant. Even. Smooth. Polished. Gla- 
 brous. Silky. Glassy. Refined. Fine. 
 Finished. Soft. Mild. Courtly. Courteous. 
 See Rude. 
 
 Ruin, «. Lat. ruina, from 
 mere, to fall. 
 
 3th. FaU, Destruction. Defeat. Over- 
 throw. I^apse. Collapse. Desolation. 
 Downfall. Perditijn. Subversion. Dec«y. 
 
 Decadence. Prostratioa. Dilapidation 
 Disorganization. 
 
 Aht. Rise. Success. Prosperity. Sal- 
 vation. Rescue. Recovery. Stabilitation. 
 Conservation. Regeneration. Revivifica- 
 tion. Reparation. Renascence. Organiza- 
 tion. Construction. 
 
 EuLB, n. Lat. regula. 
 
 Stn. Regulation. I^w. Precept. Max)m. 
 Guide. Canon. Order. Method. Direciion. 
 Control. Government. Decision. Deter • 
 mination. Habit. 
 
 Ant. Irregularity. Nonconformity. Ex- 
 ception. Deviation. Eccentricity, 
 
 EuMiNATE, V. ird. Rumen, the 
 cud. To chew the cud oi 
 thought. 
 
 Syn. Muse. Meditate. Ponder. Think. 
 Reflect. Cogitate. Brood, 
 
 Ant, Unbend, Relax. Idle, Gape. 
 Wool-Kather. 
 
 EuMOUR, n. Lat. rumor. 
 
 Syn. Report. Repute, Hearsay. Pub- 
 lication, Bruit. 
 
 Ant. Authentication. Verification. 
 Proof. Evidence, Notoriety. 
 
 Rumple, v. tr. Dutch rim- 
 jjelen, rompelen. 
 
 Stn, Ruffle. Wrinkle, Pucker. Corru- 
 gate. Derange. Roughen. 
 
 Ant. Smooth. Flatten. Arrange. 
 
 Run, v. int. Ang. Sax. rinnan. 
 
 Stn. Course. Go. Speed. Hasten, 
 Huriy. Fly. Rush, Escape. Retreat 
 Pass. Proceed. Flow. Ooze. Leak. Melt 
 Fuse. Confuse. Blend. Extend. Reach. 
 Woik. Operate, Traverse. Tend. In- 
 cline. 
 
 Ant. Walk. Saunter. Lounge. Drag. 
 Stay. Stop. Halt. Hobble. Resist Hold. 
 Stanch. Stand. Fail. Drop. Expire. 
 Disincline, llesifsite. 
 
 Rupture, n. Lat. ruptura, 
 riciiipcre, raptuH, to break or hursl. 
 The act or condition of bursting. 
 
 Stn, Breaking, Bursting. Tearing. 
 I^aceration, Partition, Disruption, Breach. 
 Dissolution, Fracture. Break. Severance. 
 Disseverance. Discerption. Disorganization. 
 Separation. Dilaceration. Dismember- 
 ment 
 
 Art. Union. Uniting. Healing. Fusion. 
 Amalgamation. Coalition. Suture. Junc- 
 tion. Reunion. 
 
 EUBAL, adj. Lat. r?rs, ruris, 
 the country. 
 
 STir. Country fled. Hustic. Agrlcul 
 
342 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 tnral. Bucolic. Verdant. Sylvan. Grassy. 
 Ajcadian. Pastoral. 
 
 Ant. Urban. Oppidan. Civic. 
 
 EuSH, V. inf. Ang. Sax. hris- 
 eian, to shake ; hrysc, a bursting 
 or rushing in, 
 
 St». Speed. Course. Dash. Charge. 
 Drive Fly. Burst. 
 
 Ant. March. Saunter. Lag. Reti'eat. 
 Halt. HeslUte. 
 
 EusT, n. Ang. Sax. rust. The 
 oxide of iron. Used metaphori- 
 cally for inactivity, and the signs 
 of it. 
 
 Stn. Corrosion. Crust. Dross. Indo- 
 lence. Inactivity. Decay. Canker. Inac- 
 tion. 
 
 Ant. Polish. Attrition. Use. Action. 
 Operation. Activity. Exercise. Industry'. 
 
 EuSTIC, n. Bustkus, belong in g 
 to the country, from rus, the 
 country. 
 
 Stn. Clown. Boor. Clod. Swain, Lout. 
 Booby. 
 
 Ant. Beau. Savant. Dandy. Man of 
 the world. 
 
 EUSTIO, adj. See noun. 
 
 Syk. Rural. Agricultural. Bucolic. 
 Nomadic. Sylvan. Verdant. Pastoral. 
 Rude. Awkward. Unpolished. Clownish. 
 Clumsy. Hough. Coarse. Plain. Unso- 
 phisticated. Simple. Artless. Primitive. 
 
 Ant. Urban. Oppidan. Civic. Fashion- 
 able. Modish. Elegant. Sophisticated. 
 Refined. Courtly. Polished. 
 
 EuSTiciTY, n. See Eustic. 
 
 EusTLE, 71. Ang. Sax. hrist- 
 lan. 
 
 Syn. Quiver. Whisper. Susurration. 
 Murmur. Sighing. 
 
 Ant. Hubbub. Blast. Din. Racket. 
 Crashing. 
 
 EUSTY, adj. See Eust 
 
 EuTHLBSS, adj. Devoid of 
 ruth, that is, sorrow, pity, ten- 
 derness. 
 
 Stn. Unpi tying. Unrelenting. Trucu- 
 lent. Unsparing. 
 
 Ant. Tender. Regretftil. Ixinlent. Com- 
 passionate, Forbearing. liong-suffering. 
 
 Eutilakt, adj. Rut Hans, from 
 initilare, to rnake or be dopipoi'edo/ 
 
 a red colour. To burn with a red 
 flashing light. 
 
 Stn. igneous. Flammiferous. Flaming. 
 Blazing. Coruscant. Meteoric. Flashing. 
 Scintillant. 
 
 Ant. Glowing. Incandescent. Gleam- 
 ing. 
 
 s. 
 
 Sable, adj. From the animal 
 so called. Called by Marco Polo 
 zibeline and zomboline. Prob. 
 the Eussian sobolji. 
 
 Stn. Dark. Black. Sombre. Ebon. 
 Ant. Bright. Light. White. Ivory. 
 
 Sacerdotal, adj. Sacerdos, 
 dotis, a priest. 
 
 Syn. Priestly. Hierarchical. Clerical 
 Ant. Laic. Congregational. 
 
 Sack, v. tr. Fr. See Plunder. 
 
 Stn. Plunder. Pillage. Ravage. Waste. 
 Spoil. 
 
 Ant. Spare. Indemnify. Protect. Pre- 
 serve. 
 
 Sacred, adj. Lat. sacer. 
 
 Stn. Holy. Divine. Hallowed. Con- 
 secrated. Religious. Inviolable. 
 
 Ant. Unholy. Common. Profane. Un- 
 consecrated. 
 
 Sacrifice, v. tr. Sacer and 
 facere. Used in the analogous 
 sense of abandon at a loss. 
 
 Stn. Offer. Immolate. Destroy. Sur- 
 render. Forego. 
 
 Ant. Reserve. Retain. Appropriate. 
 Withhold. » 
 
 Sacrifice, n. See verb. 
 
 Stn. Offering. Oblation. Immolation. 
 Surrender. Destruction. Atonement Pro- 
 pitiation. Appeasement, Expiation, 
 
 Ant. Reservation. Appropriation. Re- 
 tention. Salvation. Rescue. Offence. 
 Transgression. 
 
 Sad, adj. Ang. Sax. sad. Of 
 old meant no more than sedate. 
 
 Stn. Heavy. Grave. Dull. Sorrowful. 
 
 Mournful. Gloomy, Dejected, Depressed, 
 
 Cheerless, Serious. Downcast. Grievous, 
 Melancholy. Saturnine. 
 
 Ant. Light, Ijight-hearted, Cheerful. 
 
 Joyful. Joyous. Gay, Glad, Exhilarat* 
 ing. Exhilarated, llajjpy. Blithe, 
 
 Saddle, v. tr. Ang. Sax. sadid. 
 Conn, with sit and seder t. Ue*x] 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 in the sense of placing something 
 irksome upon another ; to saddle 
 a thing upon a person ; to saddle 
 a person with a thing. 
 
 Syn. Impose. Burden. Load. Shackle. 
 Clog. Charge. Encumber. 
 
 Ant. Eid. Relieve. Exonerate. Dls- 
 Durden. Liberate. Disencumber. 
 
 Safe, adj. Old Fr. sauf. 
 
 Syn. Secure. Unendangered. Secured 
 Sure. Protected. Impregnable. 
 
 Ant. Insecure. Imperilled. Dangerous, 
 Hazardous. Exposed. 
 
 Sagacious, adj. Sagax. 
 
 SvN. Intelligent. EHscrimlnating. Shrewd. 
 Penetrating. Sapient. 
 
 ANT. Dull. Obtuse. Unintelligent. 
 Stolid. Undiscemlng. 
 
 Sage, n. Fr. sage. 
 Stn. Philosopher. Savant. Literate. 
 Ant. Fool. Imbecile. Dolt. Block- 
 bead. 
 
 Saintly, adj. Lat. sanctus. 
 Like a saint. 
 
 Syn. Pure. Holy. Spiritual. Heavenly- 
 minded. Pious. Godly. 
 
 Ant. Impious. Impure. Unholy. Un- 
 spiritual. Ungodly. Carnal. FouU Worldly. 
 Earthly-minded. Sinful. 
 
 Salient, adj. Saliens, part. 
 of salire, to leap or come forth 
 quicMy. 
 
 Syn. Projecting. Springing. Jutting. 
 Abutting. Prominent. Conspicuous. Im- 
 portant. Noteworthy. 
 
 Ant. Retreating. Retiring. Returning. 
 Rebated. Unimportant. Miaor. Incon- 
 siderable. Subordinate. 
 
 Sally, v. int. Fr. sailUr, Lat. 
 satire. 
 
 Stn. Burst. Start. Issue. 
 
 Ant. Retire. Retreat. Withdraw. 
 
 Salubrity, n. Lat. saluher, 
 from salus, health. 
 
 Stn. Healthiness. Healthfulness. 
 Wholesomeness. Salutariness. 
 
 Ant. Unwholeaomeness. Unhealthiness. 
 Insalubrity. 
 
 Salutary, adj. See Salubrity. 
 
 Salutation, n. See Salute. 
 
 Salute, v. tr. Salus, health. 
 To wish health. 
 
 8yn. Hail. ComplimenL. Accost. Wel- 
 come. Greet 
 
 343 
 
 Ant. Ignore. Jijsult. Pass. Msreirard. 
 Dishonour. Scorn. Affront. 
 
 Salvation, n. Low Lat. sal- 
 vatio, from salvus, safe. 
 
 Stn. Preservation. Saving. Rescue. 
 Deliverance. 
 
 Ant. Destruction. Perdition. Damna- 
 tion. 
 
 Salve, v. tr. Ang.-Sax. seal- 
 jian. 
 
 Stx. Heal. Cure. Mollify. Redress. 
 Remedy. Mend. Relieve. 
 
 Ant. Wound. Hurt. Irritate. Injure. 
 Aggravate. Scarify. 
 
 Same, adj. Ang. Sax. same. 
 
 Stn. Identical. 
 
 Ant. Other. Different. 
 
 Sample, n. Lat. exemplum. 
 Another form of example. 
 
 Stn. Specimen. Pattern. Illustration. 
 Case. Exemplification. Scantling. 
 
 Ant. Exception., Deviation. Abnormity 
 Monstrosity. Variety. Nondescript. Hy- 
 brid. Nonsuch. 
 
 Sanatory, adj. Lat. sanare, 
 from sanus, to heal. Sanatory is 
 conducive to heahng; sanitary, 
 to health. 
 
 Syn. Curative. Sanative. Remedial. 
 Therapeutic. Hygienic. 
 
 Ant. Morbific. Pestilential. Noxious. 
 Unwholesome. Pernicious. 
 
 Sanctifioation, n. See Sanc- 
 tify. 
 
 Sanctify, v. tr. Lat. sanctus, 
 holy,facere, to make. 
 
 SiK. Consecrate. Hallow. Celebrate. 
 Purify. Justify. Sanction. Ratify. 
 
 Ant. Desecrate. I'rofane. Misobserve. 
 Pollute. Disannul. 
 
 Sanction, n. Sanctio, from 
 sancire, to ratify. 
 
 Stn. Rectification. Authorizatiot. 
 
 Authority. Countenance. Support. Seal. 
 Allowance. 
 
 Ant. Nullification. Disallowance. Uis. 
 countenance. Prohibition. 
 
 Sanction, v. tr. See noun. 
 Sanctity, n. See Sanction. 
 
 Stk. Holiness. Sacredness. Godlinesc, 
 TMcty. Solemnity. 
 
 Ant. Unholiness. Profanenes.'*. Un 
 aodliness. Impiety. Seculwitv 
 
344 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 SanoTUARY, n. Lat. sandua- 
 rium, from sanchcs. Used in the 
 sense of refuge, a privilege of 
 Banctuary. 
 
 Stw. Shrine. Adytum. Asylum. Re- 
 fuge. Security. Pi-otection. Inviolabilitv. 
 
 Ant. IMtfall. Trap. Snare. Betrayal. 
 "Violation. Extradition. 
 
 Sanguinary, adj. Jjat. san- 
 (/>us, blood. 
 
 Stn. Bloody. Truculent. Bloodthirsty. 
 Murderous. 
 
 Ant. Lenient Moderate. Chivalrous. 
 Generous. Sparing. Forbearing. 
 
 Sanguine, adj. See San- 
 guinary. 
 
 Stn. Wann. Ardent. Lively. Ani- 
 mated. Hopeful. Confident. Trustful. 
 
 Ant. Cold. tYigid. Desponding. Dia- 
 truslful. Croaking. Misgiving. Suspi- 
 cious. Cautious. Unventuresome. Timid. 
 Anxious. Diffident. Solicitous. 
 
 Sanitary, adj. Sanitas, health. 
 See Sanatory. 
 
 Sanity, n. See Sanitary. 
 
 Stn. Kationality. Soundness. Reason- 
 ableness. Lucidity. Wisdom. 
 
 Ant. Insanity. Madness. Lunacy. 
 Derangement. Alienation. Dementation. 
 Hallucination. Folly. 
 
 Sapid, adj'. Lat. sapidus, from 
 
 sapere, to taste. 
 
 Stn. 'I'asty. Relishing. Savoury, 
 Ant. Dry. Flavourless. Distasteful. 
 
 Nauseous. 
 
 Sapidity, n. See Sapid. 
 Sapient, adj'. Lat. sapiens. 
 
 Stn. Sage. Sagacious. Knowing. Wise. 
 Discerning. 
 
 Ant. Foolish. Undisceruli^ Blind. 
 Stolid, 
 
 Sarcasm, n. Gr. aapKaafxos, 
 from (Tcip^, crapKos, the flesh, biting 
 as it were, of the very flesh. 
 
 Stn. Gibe. Jeer. Satire. Ridiculi 
 Taunt. Sardonlcisni. 
 
 Ant. Eulogy. Compliment. Panegyri( 
 Euloginm. 
 
 Sarcastic, adj\ See Sarcasm, i 
 
 Satanic, adj'. Ileb. sdtan, an \ 
 adversary or accuser. 
 
 Stn. Fiendish. Devilish. Infernal. 
 Ant. Ji ngelic Seraphic Heavenly, 
 
 Sate, v. fr. Old Germ, satian, 
 to satiate. 
 
 Stn. Satiate. Glut. Surfeit, 
 Ant. Stint. Starve, 
 
 Satellite, n. Lat satelles, 
 it/is, an attendant planet. Used 
 poetically and facetiously for an 
 attendant, especially an obse- 
 quious one. 
 
 Stn. Attendant. Follower. Subordi- 
 nate. Shadow. Associate. Hanger-on. 
 Second. 
 
 Ant. I^eader. Principal. 
 
 Satiate, v. tr. See Sate. 
 
 Satire, n. Lat, satura, Scan. 
 lanx, a dish of varieties, a medley 
 composition which took the cha- 
 racter of invective. 
 
 Stn, Invective. Sarcasm. Burlesque. 
 Lampoon, Pasquinade, Irony. Ridicule, 
 Ant. Eulogy. Panegyric. Laudation. 
 
 Satirical, adj'. See Satire. 
 
 Syn. Cutting. Poignant, Sarcastic 
 Bitter, Ironical. Invective. 
 
 Ant. Complimentary, Flattering, Lau- 
 datory, Panegyric. Eulogistic. 
 
 Satisfaction, n. Lat. satis, 
 enough, ajidfacere, to make. Com- 
 prising the ideas of being and of 
 making content, 
 
 Stn, Contentment. Content. Compla- 
 cency, Pleasure. Recompense. Compen- 
 sation. Amends. Remuneration. Indem- 
 nification. Atonement, 
 
 Ant. Discontent. Grievance, Dissa1is« 
 faction. Pain, Vexation, Annoyance. 
 Injury. Wrong. Fraud. Robbery. Obli- 
 gation, Demand. Claim. Damnification, 
 Transgression, Offence, 
 
 Satisfy, v. tr. See Satisfac- 
 tion, 
 
 Syn. Satiate. Content. Sate. Please. 
 Fill, Gratify. Suffice, Recompense, Com- 
 pensate, Remunerate. Indemnify, Assure. 
 Convince. Meet, Fulfil, 
 
 Ant. Stint. Starve, Deprive, Dissa- 
 tisfy. Tantalize, Half-satlsfy. Annoy. 
 Displease. Defraud. Deprive. Injure. 
 Cheat. Shake. Disown. Repudiate. 
 Stagger. Pore. Jinlwrrass. Puzzle. 
 
 Saturate, v. fr. Lat. satur, 
 fidl. 
 
Synonyms and Antomjms. 
 
 34.5 
 
 SrM. Soak. Impregnate. Infuse. Steep, 
 fate. 
 
 Ant. Wring. Drain. Exsiccate. Dry. 
 Divert Empty. Deprive. Disimpregnate. 
 
 Saturnine, adj. Having the 
 disposition attributed to those 
 born luicler the planet Saturn, as 
 jovial and martial. 
 
 Stn. Dull. Heavy. Grave. Phleg- 
 matic. Gloomy. Leaden. Sombre. 
 
 Ant. Jovial. Gay. Liglit-hearted. 
 Joyous. Bright. Merry. 
 
 Saucy, adj. Fr. sauce, Low 
 Lat, scdsa, salt pickle. Used me- 
 taphorically. 
 
 Syn. Pert. Forward. Impudent. Inso- 
 lent. i)isrespectful. 
 
 Ant. Deferential. Civil. Respectful. 
 Fair-spoken. Glozing. Mealy-mouthed. 
 Obsequious. Servile. Snivelling. Slavish. 
 
 Saunter, v. int. Commonly 
 derived from sainte terre. to move 
 slowly, as pilgrims to the Holy 
 Land ; sometimes sans terre, as 
 mendicants without property or 
 home. Perhaps conn, with the 
 Germ, schlentern, to wander idly. 
 
 Stn. Roam. Loiter. Linger. Stroll. 
 Wander. Lag. Dawdle. 
 
 Ant. Speed. Course. Press. Hasten. 
 Drive. Push. Scramble. 
 
 Savage, adj. Fr. sauvage, 
 Ital. salvaiico, from syloa, a wood. 
 Grown up wild in the woods. 
 
 Stn. Ferocious. Ferine. Wild. Un- 
 cultivated. Untamed. Untaught. Un- 
 civilized. Unpolished. Rude. Brutish. 
 Brutal. Heathenish. Barbarous. Cruel. 
 Fierce. Inhuman. Truculent. Pitiless. Mer- 
 ciless. Murderous. Violent. Malevolent. 
 
 Ant. Mild. Docile. Domesticated. 
 Tame. Tractable. Meek. Timid. Shrink- 
 ing. Cultivated. Tamed. Taught. Civi- 
 lized. Educated. Refined. Christianized. 
 Polished. Humane. Generous. Chival- 
 rous. Merciful. Clement. Forbearing. 
 Courtly. Subdued. Self-controlled. 
 
 Save, v. tr. Fr. sauver, Lat. 
 salvm, safe. 
 
 Stn. Preserve. Rescue. Secure. Re- 
 gerve. Spare. Hinder. Obviate. Prevent, 
 bnatch. Catch. 1<konomize. Husband. 
 
 Ant. Lose. lietray. Abandon. De- 
 stroy. Surrender. Impose. Fatilltate. 
 I'lomote. Induce. Occasion. Cause. Miss. 
 liUpose. Irttperll. Endanger. Risk. Waste. 
 LikTtgb. 
 
 Saviour, n. See Save. 
 Savoury, adj. Lat. sapor. See 
 Sapid. 
 
 Say, v. tr. Ang. Sax. secgan, 
 segriun. 
 
 Stn. Utter, i'ell. Speak. Pronounce. 
 Declare. Assert. Repeat. Rehearse. Re- 
 cite. Judge. 
 
 Ant. Suppress. Secrete. Silentiate 
 Repress. Misdeclare. Misrecite. Misde- 
 liver. Missay. Misjudge. Mispronounce. 
 
 Saying, n. See Say. The na- 
 ture of it is to be short. 
 
 Stn. Assertion. Maxim. Proverb. Dic- 
 tum. Declaration. Speech. Byword. 
 Saw. Aphorism. Apothegm. 
 
 Ant. Dissertation. Disquisition. Essay. 
 Ratiocination. Rigmarole. Yarn. Circum- 
 locution. 
 
 Scandal, n. Gr. a-Kav^oKov, a 
 trap-spring. An offence against 
 society, or the rumour of it. 
 
 Syn. Offence. Reproach. Disgrace. De- 
 famation. Libel. Detraction. Slander. 
 Calumny. Opprobrium. 
 
 Ant. Eulogy. Fame. Honour. Re- 
 spect. Credit. 
 
 Scant, adj. Ang. Sax. sccened 
 scened, 'part, of sca^nan, to hreakj 
 wound, or mutilate. 
 
 Stn. Short. Insufficient. Mean. Nig- 
 gardly. Stingy. Narrow. Limited. Chary. 
 Sparing. 
 
 Ant. Full. Amjile. Litseral. Gene- 
 rous. Bountiful. Utimeasured. 
 
 Scantling, n. Fr. echantillon. 
 See Sample. 
 
 Scar, n. Dan. simar, a cut on 
 slash. 
 
 Stn. Cicatrix. Blemish. Mark. Dir; 
 figurement. 
 
 Ant. Obliteration. Elfacemcnt. 
 
 Scarce, adj. Old Fr. escars, 
 Ital. sarso, Sp. escaso, from the 
 Lat. excerpt us, picked out. 
 
 Syn. Rare. Infrequent. Inabundant 
 Precious. Choice, Few. Wanting. Sparse. 
 
 Ant. Common. Frequent. Abundant. 
 Valueless. Thick. Pleniiful. 
 
 Scarcity, n. See Scarce. 
 
 Stn. Deficiency. I4ack. Want. I>eartb 
 Rarity. Infrequency. 
 
 Ant. Plenty. Abundance. P'requ'.noy, 
 
34() 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms 
 
 SoABE, V. tr. Scotch skar, 
 tkari, to take /right, Icel. skirra, 
 to drive away, Germ, scheren, to 
 drive away. 
 
 SvN. Terrify. Affright. Intimidate. 
 Frighten. Deter. 
 
 Ant. Reassure. Encourage. Entice. 
 Mlure. 
 
 Scarify, v. tr. Fr. scarifier, 
 Gr. (TKapi^os, a stile. 
 
 Stk. Cut. Scratch. Incise. Irritate, 
 rorment. 
 
 Akt. Heal. Salve. Soothe, Mollify. 
 Assuage. 
 
 Scatheless, adj. Ang. Sax. 
 scedh. Scath. 
 
 SvN. Unhurt. Unscathed. Uninjured, 
 Undamaged. Whole. Sound, 
 
 Ant. Wounded, Injured, Damaged, 
 
 Scatter, v. tr. Ang. Sax. 
 scateran, allied to sccddan, to 
 shed. 
 
 Stn. Strew. Sprinkle, Disperse, Spread, 
 Broadcast. Dissipate, Squander. 
 
 Ant. Collect. Accumulate, Heap. 
 Gather. Save. Husband. 
 
 Scepticism, n. Gr. a-Kc-^ts, 
 from crKfirreo-dui, to consider. 
 
 Syn. Doubt. Unbelief, Infidelity, In- 
 credulity. 
 
 Ant. Faiih. Belief. Credulity. 
 
 Scheme, n . Gr. a-xrjfxa, form. 
 
 Syn. Plan. Project. Design, Contriv- 
 ance. Purpose. Draft, Proposal. Device, 
 Plot. 
 
 Ant. Miscontrivance. Bungle. Mis- 
 irrangement. Blunder. 
 
 Scheming, adj. See Scheme. 
 
 Schism, n. Gr. a-xia-na, from 
 sxi'Cd), to cut or rend. The 
 offence against Christian nnion, 
 as heresy against Christian doc- 
 trine. 
 
 Stn. Division. Separation. Disruption, 
 Secession. Diversity. Breach. Sec- 
 tarianism. Dissent. Discord. 
 
 Ant. Unity. Integrity. Catholicity. 
 Communion. 
 
 Scholar, n. Low Lat. scho- 
 laris, from schola, a school. Either 
 one possessed of scholarship 
 or one who learns, as distinct 
 from teaching. 
 
 Stn. Pupil. Learner. Dl»dple. Sm 
 dent. Schoolman. Savant. QowDsmau 
 Linguist. 
 
 Ant. Master, Teacher. Preceptor, 
 Professor. Ignoramus. Dunce. 
 
 Science, n. Lat. scientia. 
 
 Syn. Knowledge, Information, Skill 
 Experience, Expertness. Comprehcnsioa 
 Understanding. Investigation. Truth. 
 
 Ant. Ignorance. Inexperience. Un- 
 familiarity. Incomprehension. Error. Fal- 
 lacy. Empiricism. Smattering, Sciolism. 
 
 Scientific, adj. See Science. 
 
 Sciolism, n. Lat. sciolus, dim. 
 of scius, knowing. 
 
 Scion, w. Fr. scion, for sicion, 
 from Lat. secare, to cut. A cut- 
 ting. 
 
 Syn, Slip. Off-shoot. Cadet. Branch. 
 Child, 
 
 Ant, Stem. Stock, Parent. Root. 
 
 Scoff, v. int., followed hjprep. 
 at. Icel. skupper, to laugh at. 
 Germ, schuppen, to impose upon, 
 Fries, schof, sport. 
 
 Stn. Sneer. Mock, Jibe, Jeer. Con- 
 temn. Scout. Deride, Ridicule, 
 
 Ant. Compliment. Salute. Ilesoect. 
 Honour. 
 
 Scold, v. tr. and int. Dutch 
 schelden. 
 
 Syn. Chide. Rail. Brawl, Rebuke. 
 Abuse, 
 
 Ant, Praise. Encourage, Compliment. 
 Laud. Flatter, 
 
 Scope, n. Gr. o-kotto? , from 
 o-KenTeadai, to view. 
 
 Syn. Aim. Object. Mark. End. De- 
 sign. Purpose. Intention. Drift. Room, 
 Occasion, Opportunity, Liberty. 
 
 Ant Avoidance. Non-intention, Pre- 
 termission. Inadvertence, Accident. Aim- 
 lessness. Deviation, 
 
 Scorn, v. tr. Old Fr. escome, 
 affront, escorner, to humiliate, Lat. 
 ex and cornu, as it ivere to break 
 off the horns. 
 
 SrN, Contemn. Despise, Slight, DifV. 
 dain. Disregard, Sibilate, Vilipend, Spuni 
 Scout. 
 
 Ant, Honour. Regard, F^teerc. Yfr 
 nerate. Respect, Salute. AppV\aX 
 
 SOOBH^ n. See verb. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 347 
 
 SoouNDBKL, n. Perhaps for 
 Kiimbrel, from scumher, scummer, 
 to dung. A worthless fellow. 
 
 Stn. Villain, Vagabond. Reprobate. 
 Ant. Man of honour. Gentleman. 
 
 Scour, v. tr. Ang. Sax. smr, 
 a scouring. It has the metapho- 
 rical sense of to traverse rapidly. 
 
 Syn. Purge. Cleanse. Rinse. Scrub. 
 Ant. Soil. Begrime. Besmear, Foul. 
 Pollute, Defile. Dirt. 
 
 Scourge, n. It. scoreggia, 
 Fr. escourgee, excoriatum, ex and 
 corium, leather, a thong or strap. 
 Used metaphorically for an in- 
 fluence of visitation, evil, or 
 punishment. 
 
 Syn. Punishment. Bane. Curse. Un- 
 doing. Visitation. 
 
 Akt, Blessing, Redemption. Saving. 
 Reward. Benefaction, 
 
 ScouRiNGS, n. See Scour. 
 
 Syn. Offal. Dregs. Ijees. Off-scour- 
 '.ngs. Refuse. Dross. Scum. 
 
 Ant. Cream. Elite. Pickings. Bloom. 
 Flower, 
 
 Scout, v. tr. Dutch schutten, 
 to oppose. See Scorn. 
 
 Scowl, v. int. Ijow Germ. 
 schulen, to squint. 
 
 Stn. Frown. Discountenance. Brow- 
 beat, Lower. Glower. 
 
 Ant. Smile, Encourage. Countenauce. 
 
 Scraggy, adj. Irish and Gao- 
 
 lic, scrahach, rough, rugged. 
 
 Stn. Jagged. L<ean. Bony. Raw 
 Angular. 
 
 Ant. Plump. Fat. Round, Rounded. 
 
 Scramble, v. tr. Dutch and 
 Germ, schrammeny to scratch. 
 Stn. Struggle. Hurry. Bustle. 
 Ant, Lag. Dawdle, Loiter, Saunter, 
 
 Scramble, n. See verb. 
 
 Stn. Hurry. Bustle, Struggle. Confu- 
 sion. Turmoil. Ferment. Commotion 
 Bear-garden. Babel. Vorte.x;. 
 
 Ant. Order. Orderliness. Arrangement. 
 Leisureliness, Method. Uniformity. 
 
 Scrap, w. Icel. skrap,a crack- 
 ing. Trifle. i 
 
 Syk. Scantling. Piece. 'Movsel. Bit. ' 
 Portion. 
 
 Ajix WboI<». Integrity. Mass. Lump. 
 
 ScBAPB, V. tr. Ang. Sas. sere" 
 pan. 
 
 Stn. Grate. Abrade. Confricate. Rasp 
 Scratch, Mark, Groove, 
 
 Ant. Lubricate. Polish. Levigate. Dig 
 Indent. Wound. 
 
 Scratch, v. tr. For the Old 
 Eng. cratch. See Scrape. 
 
 Screen, v. tr. Old Fr. escrein. 
 Conn, with the Lat. scrinium, 
 and the Eng. shrine. 
 
 Stn. Shelter. Protect. Defend. Hide. 
 Palliate. Mitigate. Curtain. Fence. Ward. 
 Shade. 
 
 Ant. Open. Expose. Surrender. Be- 
 tray. Aggravate. E.xaggerate. Prosecute. 
 
 Scriptural, adj. Scriptura, 
 from scribere, to write. A writing. 
 
 Stn. Biblical. Orthodox. Revealed. In- 
 spired. 
 
 Ant, Profane. Unrevealed. Unortho. 
 dox. Unbiblical, Unscriptural. 
 
 Scruple, n. Lat. scrupulus, a 
 small stone. A grit or pebble in 
 the path making it sharp to walk 
 on, and so causing halting or 
 hesitation. Metaphorically, a 
 conscientious obstacle to a course 
 of conduct. From the same de- 
 rivation comes the use of the word 
 in the sense of a matter of small 
 weight, 
 
 Stn. Misgiving, Doubt. Hesitation, 
 Qualm, Reluctance, Question, 
 
 Ant. Recklessness. Unscrupulousnesa. 
 Confidence. Assurance. Self-satisfaction. 
 Self-approval. Self-complacency. 
 
 Scrupulous, adj. See Scruple. 
 
 Stn. Conscientious. Dubious. DiflBdent. 
 Punctilious. Exact. Cautious. Reluctant, 
 
 Ant, Reckless. Unscrupulous. Un- 
 hesitiiting. Confident, Self-satisfied, Self- 
 complacent, l*iiger. 
 
 Scrutiny, n. Lat. scrutinium, 
 from scrutari, to investigate. 
 
 Stn, Search. Investigation, Sifting. In- 
 spection. 
 
 Ant. Oversight. Misobservation, Dia- 
 regard. Coimivance. 
 
 Scurrility, n. Lat. scurra, a 
 buffoon. 
 
 S™, HutToonery. Dertslon. UocfQng 
 Mockery. Jaering. AbuBO, 
 
348 
 
 Synonyim and Antonyms 
 
 Aht. Deference. Kulogium, Flattery. 
 Compliment. 
 
 Seal, v. tr. Ang. Sax. sigdian, 
 sigel, a seal, Lat. scgiUum. 
 
 Stn. Close. Fasten. Confirm. Sanction. 
 Ratify. 
 
 Ant. Unseal. Unclose. Open. Annul. 
 Cancel. Abrc^ate. Disratify. DlsaflBrra. 
 Contravene. 
 
 Seauch, V. tr. and mt. Fr. 
 chercher, Lat. cercare, from the 
 Lat. circum, circa, around. 
 
 Syn. Inspect. Explore. Scrutinize. Seek. 
 Investigate. Inquire. 
 
 Ant. Pretermit. Disregard Abandon. 
 Misinvestigate 
 
 SSASON, n. Saison, from satio, 
 as raison, from ratio. The seed- 
 time. 
 
 Syn. Period. Time. Conjuncture. While. 
 Occasion. Opportunity. Suitableness. Time- 
 liness. 
 
 Ant. Untimeliness. Unsuitablcness. 
 Contretemps. Unseasonableness. 
 
 Seasonable, adj, See Season. 
 
 Syn. Grateful. Welcome. Timely. 
 Suitable. Periodical. Normal Oppor- 
 tune. 
 
 Ant. Ungrateful. Unwelcome. Un- 
 timely. Unsuitable. Unexpected. Abnor- 
 mal. Inopportune. Un.seasonable. 
 
 Secede, v. int. Secedere, to 
 move apart or withdraw. 
 
 Syn. Withdraw. Retire. Separate. 
 Dissent Segregate. 
 
 Ant. Adhere. Accord. Concur. Con- 
 form. Unite. Amalgimate. 
 
 yBCESSiON, n. iSee Secede. 
 
 Secluded, adj. Lat. se, for 
 seorsicm, apart, and claudere, to 
 shut. 
 
 Syn. Retired. Retreating. Hidden. 
 Withdrawn. Secret. Private. Sequestered. 
 Shaded. 
 
 Ant. Public. Exposed. Frequented. 
 Open. 
 
 Secondary, adj. Lat. secun- 
 
 dus, from seqiui, tofoVovK 
 
 Syn. Sulx)rdinate. " Inferior. Minor. 
 
 Unimportant. Resultant. Inducid. 
 
 Ant. Primary. Leading. important. ' 
 
 Prominent, 
 
 Secret, adj. Lat. secret us 
 from sectmere^ top' it apart. 
 
 Stn. Hidden. Cxrcealed. j?ecluded 
 Retired. Unseen. Unknown. Private 
 Obscure. Recondite. Latent. Covert. 
 Clandestine. Privy. Unrevealed. Mys- 
 terioua. Underdosed. 
 
 Ant. Open. Pncllc. Unconcealed 
 Known. Notorious. Unreserved. Dis- 
 closed. 
 
 Secrete, v. tr. See Secret. 
 
 Syn. Hide. Conceal. 
 Ant. Expose. Publish. Manifest. Ex- 
 hibit. Disclose. 
 
 Sectarian, adj. Fr. secte, a 
 sect, from Lat. secare, secfus, to 
 cut. 
 
 Stn. Party. Scbismatical. Narrow. 
 Bigoted. Exclusive. Denominational 
 Divisional. Intolerant. 
 
 Ant. Broad, Catholic. Comprehensive 
 Tolerant. Latitudinarian. Indifferent. U'li- 
 versal. 
 
 Secular, adj. Lat. sceculum^ 
 an a;je or century — the age or 
 fashion of it. In ecclesiastical 
 language, used also for the world 
 in a social sense, as distinguished 
 from regula, a rule of reliqious 
 life. 
 
 Syn. Worldly. Profane. Unmonastic 
 Temporal Laic. 
 
 Ant. Regular. Religious. Monastic. 
 Spiritual. Clerical. 
 
 Secure, adj. Se for seorswn 
 or sine, ivithout, and cura, care. 
 
 Stn. Safe. Easy. Confident. Unanxiotis. 
 Careless. Protected. Ensured. 
 
 Ant. Anxious. Distrustful. Suspicious. 
 Careful Unsafe. Insecure. Precarious. 
 Hazardous. 
 
 Secure, v. See adjective. 
 
 Six. Fasten. Cuard Protect. Assure. 
 Ensure. Close. Enclose. Detain. Arrest 
 
 Ant. Loosen. Betray. Surrender. Ex- 
 pose. Imperil. Endanger. Open. Libe- 
 rate. Free. 
 
 Security, n. Sec Secure. It 
 has the peculiar sense of a legal 
 security or bond. 
 
 Syn. Pledge. Guarantee. "Warranty 
 Protection. Bond. Defence. Guard. 
 Shelter. Safety. Certainty. Ease. A.ssur- 
 ance. Carelessness. Confidence 
 
 Ant. Parole. Word. Understanding 
 Honour 1 )efencelessne8s. EsposuTt, 
 
 Danger Peril. Insecurity. Uncerlsinty 
 Care. Anxiety Precariousnesa. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 349 
 
 Sbdatj), adj. Lat. sedatus, It. 
 tedato, sedare, from seders, to settle. 
 
 Stw. Sober. Demure. Serious. Calm, 
 rhoughtlul. Grave. 
 
 Ant. Fliglity. Frolicsome. Indiscreet. 
 Usedate. RuEflcd. Agiuted. Disturbed. 
 
 Sbdative, adj. See Sedate. 
 
 Syn. .Allaying. Tranquillizing. Com- 
 posing. Soothing. Lenient Anouyue. Hyp- 
 aotic. 
 
 Ant. Disturbing. Exciting. Irritant. 
 
 Sedentary, adj. Lat. sedere, 
 to sit. 
 
 Sto. Close, Assiduous. Studious. 
 Ant. Active. Free. Erratia Locomo- 
 tive. 
 
 Sediment, n. Lat. sedimen- 
 tum, sedere, to set -or settle. 
 
 Syn. Settlement. Lees. Dregs. Resi- 
 duum Precipitate. 
 
 Ant. Elutriation. Lixiviation. Clari- 
 Gcation. Colature. Edulcoration. Filtra^ 
 tion. 
 
 Sedition, n. Lat. se and ire, 
 to go apart or secede.. 
 
 Sin. Secession. Insurrection. Treason. 
 Tumult. Riot. Rebellion. Revolt Mu- 
 tiny. Insubordination. 
 
 Ant. Union. Allegiance. Fealty. Pa- 
 cification. Appeasement Quiet Orderli- 
 npss. Subordination. Obedience. 
 
 Seduce, v. tr. Lat. se, apart, 
 and due ere, to lead. To lead 
 away from virtue. 
 
 Syn. Tempt Entice. Allure. Over- 
 persuade. Mislead. Inveigle. Decoy. 
 Ant. Force. Compel. Overpower. 
 
 Seducing, adj. See Seduce. 
 
 Syn. Alluring. Enticing. Seductive. 
 Attractive. 
 
 Ant. Repellent Repulsive. Abhorrent 
 Forbidding. 
 
 Sedulous, adj. Lat. sedulus, 
 sedere, to sit. 
 
 Syn. Assiduous. Diligent. Industrious. 
 Laborious. Painstaking. Persevering. Close. 
 Unremitting. 
 
 Ant. Indiligent. Idle. Unpersevering. 
 Inattentive. Distracted. Wandering. In- 
 constant 
 
 See, v. tr. and int. Ang. Sax. 
 seon for seliwan. Used of the 
 mental as well as the "Vodily 
 vision, 
 
 Syn. Perceive. Behold. Descry. Dl»» 
 cern. Look. View. Conceiije. Distin- 
 guish. Understand. Comprehend. Attend, 
 Beware. Visit Experience. 
 
 Ant, Miss. Overlook. Disregard. Mia- 
 conceive. Misunderstand. Ignore. 
 
 Seed, v. Ang. Sax. sa'd, from 
 saioan, to sow. Used metapho- 
 rioally. 
 
 Syn. Spring. Origin. Cause. Germ. 
 Embryo. Root 
 
 Ant. Issue, Result. Birth. Product 
 
 Development Offspring. Emit 
 
 Seek, v. tr. and int. Ang. 
 Sax. secan, secean, sotcan. 
 
 Stn. Search. Inquire. Pursue. Solicit 
 Endeavour. Attempt Strive. Investigate 
 Trace. Prosecute. Follow. Court. Afl'oct 
 
 Ant. Ignore. Disregard. Avoid. Simn. 
 Elude. Pretermit, Discard. Ahandoa 
 Relinquish. Drop. 
 
 Seem, v. tr. Old English. 
 
 Syn. Look. Appear. 
 
 Ant. Bella Misrepresent Diflfer 
 
 Seemly, adj. From seem 
 which, as a verb transitive, ig 
 obsolete. 
 
 Syn. Becoming. Fit Suitable. Propter 
 Appropriate. Convenient. Decent Con 
 gruous. Meet Decorous. 
 
 Ant, Unbecoming. Unlit. Unsuitable 
 Improper. Inappropriate. Inconvenient 
 Indecent Incongruous. Unmeet Inde- 
 
 Segment, n. Lat. secure, to 
 cut. A piece cut off. 
 
 Syn. Section. Part Portion, Limb 
 Member. 
 
 Ant. Whole. Totality, Integrity. Com- 
 pound, 
 
 Segregate, v. tr. and int. Se 
 aside, and grex, a flock or herd. 
 
 Syn. Separate. Select Part Secedo 
 Localize, Exclude. 
 
 Ant. Unite. Confound, Fuse. Amal- 
 gamate, Mix, Collect. Gather. Oiiigio- 
 gate. 
 
 Seize, v. tr. OKI High Gerin. 
 sazian, to set. 
 
 Syn. Catch. Grasp. Qutch. Snatcb 
 Apprehend. Arrest Hold. Grip. Grapplti 
 Hook. Take. Capture. 
 
 Abt. Loose. Dismiss. Liberate. AoaD 
 dou. Drop. Unhand. Unhook. UiJaete:: 
 
&50 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Seldom, adv. Aug. Sax. sd- 
 dan. 
 
 Syn. Rarely. Infrequently. Occasionally. 
 Inconstantly. 
 
 Ant. Commonly. Frequently. Uni- 
 formly. Systematically. Habitually Re- 
 gularly Often. Invariably 
 
 Select, v. tr. Seligere, lectus. 
 
 Syn. Cull. Pick. Choose. Segregate. 
 Ant. Lump. Confound. Sweep. 
 
 Select, adj. See verb. 
 
 Syn. Choice. Picked. Fine. Prime. 
 Ant. Haphazard. Common. Average. 
 Unselect Coarse. Ordinary. 
 
 Selection, n. See Select. 
 
 Syn. Choice. Option. Election. Ex- 
 cerption. Gathering. Preoption. Segrega- 
 tion. Adoption. Preference. 
 
 Ant. Rejection. Repudiation. Refusal. 
 Exclusion. Postponement, 
 
 Selfish, adj. Ang. Sax. silf, 
 self. Caring supremely or "un- 
 duly for one's self. 
 
 Syn. Egotistical. Self-minded. Self- 
 indulgent. Self-worshipful. Worldly. Illi- 
 beral. Ungenerous. Narrow-minded. Mer- 
 cenary. Greedy. 
 
 Axt. Disinterested. Generous. Unsel- 
 fish. Handsome. Liberal. High-minded. 
 Self-denying. Magnanimous. Patriotic. 
 Public-spirited. Considerate. Accommo- 
 dating. 
 
 Sell, v. tr. Ang. Sax. sellan. 
 It is used in the sense of parting 
 for an unrighteous equiralent. 
 
 Syn. Vend. Retail. Hawk. 
 Ant. Give. Bestow. Preset. 
 
 Semblance, n. Fr. semblance. 
 Lat. similis. 
 
 Syn, Seeming. Appearance. Form. Show. 
 Likeness. Mien. Aspect. Bearing. Simi- 
 litude. 
 
 Ant. Unlikeness. Disp.arity. Differ- 
 ence. Contrariety. DUslmilitude. 
 
 Seminary, n. Lat. seminarium, 
 semen, seed. A seed-plot ; nur- 
 sery for plants. Used for a place 
 of training and rearing for young 
 persons. 
 
 Syn. Nursery. Garden. Seed-plot. 
 Academy. College. School. Propaganda. 
 Ant. Waste. Wilderness. 
 
 8wnd, V. tr. Aug. Sax. sendan. 
 
 Stw. Despatch, lunsmit. Impel Ca«t 
 Bestow. Grant. 
 
 Ant. Detain. Withhold. Ar;^t WitL 
 draw. Deny. Recal. 
 
 Senile, adj. Lat. senilis, senex, 
 
 an old man. 
 
 Syn. Aged. Imbecile. Doting 
 
 Ant. Juvenile. Vigorous. Virile, 
 
 Manly. 
 
 SSNIORITY, n. Lat. senicr, 
 older. 
 
 Syn. Eldership. Priority. Superiority. 
 Ant. Juniority. Inferiority. Posteriority 
 
 Subordination. 
 
 Sensation, n Fr. sensation, 
 Lat. sensus, sense. 
 
 Syn. Affection. Feeling. Perception. 
 Surprise. Impression, 
 
 Ant. Apathy. Insensibility. Non-per- 
 ception. Unsurprise. 
 
 Sense, n. Lat. sensus, se7ise. 
 Perception, feeling. 
 
 Syn. Perception. Sensation. Feelmg. 
 Apprehension. Recognition. Understand- 
 ing. Discernment. Appreciation. Senti- 
 ment. View. Opinion. Judgment. No- 
 tion. Meaning. Import. Signification. 
 Soundness. Sagacity. Wisdom, 
 
 Ant. Non-perception, Insensibility. 
 Misapprehension. Misunderstanding. Sto- 
 lidity, xion-appreciation. Misconception. 
 Unsoundness. Folly. Nonsense. Misin 
 terpretation. 
 
 Senseless, adj. See Sense. 
 
 Syn. Nonsensical. Unmeaning. Silly 
 Objectless, Absurd. 
 
 Ant. Sensible. Significant. Wise. Prac- 
 ticaL 
 
 Sensibility, n. See Sense. 
 
 Syn. Susceptibility. Delicacy. Feeling 
 Refinement, Impressibleness. 
 
 Ant. Insensibility. InsusceptibiUty 
 Coarseness. Unimpressibleness. 
 
 Sensible, adj. Possessing or 
 implying sense in its several 
 meanings. See Sense. Add. 
 
 Syn. Tangible. Palpable. Perceptible. 
 Visible. Appreciable. 
 
 Ant. Intangible. Impalpable. Imper- 
 ceptible. Invisible. Inappreciable. Insen- 
 sible. 
 
 Sensitive, adj. See Sense and 
 Sensibility. 
 
 Sensual, adj'. Addicted or 
 belonging to the gratifieation of 
 the senses. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 351 
 
 Stk. Canxal. Flaaaly. Animal. Vo- 
 luptuous. Bodily. 
 
 Ant. Spiritual. Intellectual. Self-deny- 
 ing. Abstinent. Abtitemious. Continent. 
 iEthereaL Ascetic. 
 
 Sensuous, adj. See Sense. 
 Addressing the mind through 
 external forms. 
 
 Syn. Material, Esthetic. Embodied. 
 Representative. Symbolical. 
 
 Ant. Abstract. Conceptional. Image- 
 less. Contemplative. Intellectual. Unem- 
 bodied. Unsymbolical. Immaterial. Pic- 
 tureless. Formless. 
 
 Sententious, adj. Sententia, 
 a sentence. Judgment or expres- 
 sion of opinion. Abounding with 
 sentences, axioms, or maxims. 
 
 Syn. Pithy. Pregnant. Thoughtful. 
 Axiomatic. Antithetical. Pointed. Ner- 
 vous. Didactic. 
 
 Ant. Dull. Dry. Inane. Vapid. Point- 
 loss. Jejune. Trashy. Bald. Watery. 
 Prosy. 
 
 SSNTIENT, adj. Lat. sentiens, 
 "part, of sentire, to feel, 
 
 Syn. Feeling. Percipient. Conscious. 
 Intelligent. Cognizant. 
 
 Ant. Insentient. Insensate. Mindless. 
 Unconscious. Unintelligent. Nou-perci- 
 picnt. Incognizant. 
 
 Sentiment, n. Lat. sentire, to 
 feel, discern, perceive. 
 
 Stn. Thought. Feeling. Notion. Opinion. 
 Maxim. 
 
 Ant. Vacuity. Ignorance. Nonsense. 
 Crudity. Bugbear. Conjecture. Assump- 
 tion. Impression. Hypothesis. Precon- 
 ception. Prejudice. 
 
 Sentimental, adj. See Senti- 
 ment. Used of th6 weaker or 
 more imaginative asj)vct of sen- 
 timent. 
 
 SxN. Didactic. Moral. Instructive. Ilo- 
 mantic. 
 
 Ant. Undidactic. Unsentimental. Mat- 
 ter-of-fact. Unpoetical. Prosaic. 
 
 Sentinel, n. Der. uncertain. 
 Not prob. from sentire, but sen- 
 tina, a sink or hold of a ship, a 
 watcher of the leakage. Hence, as 
 transferred to the army, a soldier 
 appointed to keep guard. 
 
 Stk. Watch. Guardian. Guard. Keeper 
 Warder. Sentry. Watchman. Patrol. Ve- 
 dette. 
 
 Ant. Traitor. Decoy. 
 
 Separable, adj. See Sepa- 
 rate. 
 
 Syn. Dissoluble. Removable. Movable. 
 Distinguishable. Accidental. Divisible. 
 
 Ant. Indissoluble. Irremovable. Per- 
 manent. Immovable. Indistinguishable. 
 Essential. Inseparable. Indivisible. 
 
 Separate, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 separare. It applies to one ob- 
 ject, or to the two, or more. 
 
 Syn. Part. Sever. Di^oin. Disunite. 
 Divorce. Tear. Rend. Remove. Dlsln- 
 tegrate. Detach. Disconnect. Divide. 
 Dissipate. Scatter. Segregate. Diverge. 
 
 Ant. Unite. Fasten. Tie. Coiyoln. 
 Wed. Link. Amalgamate. Consolidate. 
 Integrate. Incorporate. Connect. Fuse. 
 Confound. Mass. Herd. Congregate. 
 Convene. Gather. Collect. Meet. Con- 
 verge. 
 
 Separate, adj. See verb. 
 
 Separation, n. See Sepejrate. 
 
 Sepulchral, adj. Sepulcrum, 
 sepelire, to bury. Pertaining to 
 death or bui-ial. Used analo- 
 gously. 
 
 Syn. Hollow. Death-like. Ghastly. In- 
 fernal. Gloomy. 
 
 Ant. Genial. Healthful. Cheerful 
 Vital. Lively. Sunny. 
 
 Sepulture, n. See Sepulchra 
 
 Syn. Burial. Interment. Humation. 
 Ant. Exhumation. Disinterment. 
 
 Sequacious, adj. Sequax, 
 given to following, sequi, to follow. 
 
 Syn. Pliant. Ductile. Obsequious. Tradi- 
 tional. Servile. Unoriginal. Unimagina- 
 tive. 
 
 Ant. Independent. Refractory. Self- 
 willed. Self-opinionated. Original. Ori- 
 ginative. Imaginative. 
 
 Sequence, n. Lat. sequi, to 
 follow. 
 
 Snr. Following. Order. Succession. 
 Consequence. Progressioa. Continuity. 
 Posteriority. 
 
 A»T. Precedence. Anteriority. Pi-iori^. 
 Disorder. Disconnection. InooDseqocnce 
 Irregularity. Incontinuity SolatV>r. Ja« 
 termisbion. Interrnption. 
 
852 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 SjtQUESTKRlBD, odj. Lat. se- 
 questrare, to stt apart for safe 
 keeping, sequester, a depositary or 
 trustee. Hence placed apart in 
 the sense of retired. 
 
 Rtw. Retired. Withdrawn. Private. 
 Ilidden. Unfrequented. Secluded. 
 
 Ant. Public. Exposed. Frequented. 
 Unsecluded. Unsequestered. 
 
 Seraphic, adj. Like the na- 
 ture or state of a seraph. Heb. 
 sumpk, to flarne, or be eminent. 
 
 Syn. Angelic. Heavenly. Blissful. Pure. 
 Rapturous. Holy. jEthereaL 
 
 Ant. Fiendish. Hellish. Devilish. De- 
 moniacal. Infernal. 
 
 Serene, adj. Lat. serenus. 
 
 Syn. Clear. Calm. Unruffled. Undis- 
 turbed. Halcyonic. 
 
 Ant. Turbid. Stormy. Agitated. 
 Tempestuous. Ruffled. 
 
 Serf, n. Fr. serf, Lat. servus, 
 a slave. 
 
 Syn. Slave. Servant Villain. La- 
 bor.rer. 
 
 Ant. Lord. Baron. Squire. Proprietor. 
 Noble. Lcindowner. Liege. Liege-lord. 
 
 Serious, adj. Lat. serius. Ap- 
 pb'ed to disposition or manner of 
 persons, and as a quality of cir- 
 cumstances. 
 
 Syn. Grave. Thoughtful. Careful. 
 Earnest. Solemn. Important. Weighty. 
 
 Ant. Volatile. Gay. Thoughtless. 
 Careless. Joking. Jocose. Insignificant. 
 Unimportant. Trifling. TrivlaL Light. 
 
 Serpentine, adj. Lat. serpens, 
 I serpent, from serpere, to cratol. 
 
 Syn. Winding. Meandering. Tortuous. 
 Anfractuous. Undulating. Sinuous. An- 
 guilllform. Vermicular. Coiled. 
 
 Ant. Straight. Unbending. Unwinding. 
 Rectilinear. 
 
 Servant, n. Lat. serviens, 
 servire, to serve. 
 
 Syn. Retainer. Domestia Attendant. 
 Minister. Maid. Abigail Handmaid. 
 
 Ant. Lord. Master. Mistress. Em- 
 ployer. 
 
 Serve, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 servire. 
 
 StN. Obey. Minister. Sub«erve. Help. 
 .4t.t>siBt Benefit. Answer. Promote. Tend, 
 i oooQunodate. 
 
 Ant. Command. Disobey. Thwart 
 Oppose. Resist. Counteract Contradict. 
 Neutralize. Baffle. Retard. Obstruct. 
 
 Service, n. See Serve. 
 
 Serviceable, adj. Servire. 
 Fit for service. 
 
 Stn. Useful. Beneficial. Advantageona. 
 Profitable. Sound. Well-conditioned. 
 
 Ant. Useless. Profitless. ill-condi- 
 tioned. Unserviceable. Unsound. 
 
 Servile, adj. See Serve. Given 
 to the excess of readiness to 
 serve. 
 
 Sth. Obsequious. Cringing. Sequacious. 
 
 Aht. Independent Fractious. Refrac- 
 tory. Recalcitrant Dogged. Stubborn. 
 Defiant Rebellious. 
 
 Servility, 7i. See Servile. 
 
 Servitude, n. See Serve. It 
 is used both of voluntary and in- 
 voluntary service. 
 
 Syn. Service. Subordination. Obedien* 
 Ministry. Submission. 
 
 Ant. Mastery. Lordship. Commanl 
 Dictation. Sway. Rule. GovemmenL 
 
 Set, v. tr. Ang. Sax. settan. 
 
 Syn. Seat Place. Locate. Situate. 
 Settle. Fix. Build. Rest. Estoblisli. 
 Ground. Perpetuate. Staoilitate. Confirm. 
 Strengthen. Determme. Appoint Assign. 
 Cast Ri&k. Wager. Surround. 3edeck. 
 Garnish. Stud. 
 
 Ant. Remove. Disestablish. Lift Raise. 
 Transfer. Uproot Eradicate. Unfix. Dis- 
 perse. Discard. Unsettle. Demolish. De* 
 stroy. Weaken. Loosen. Detach. Mis- 
 arrange. Misdetermine. Denude. Divest 
 
 Set, v. int. See tr. verb. 
 
 Syn. Sink. Settle. Subside. Decline. 
 Compose. Consolidate. Harden. 
 
 Ant. Rise. Ascend. Soar. Mount 
 Stir. Agitate. Loosen. Run. Softea 
 Melt Mollify. Fuse. Flow 
 
 Settle, v. tr. and int. Set 
 Set. 
 
 Syn. Fix. Establish. Regulate. Ar- 
 range. Compose. Adjust Determine. De- 
 cide. Adjudicate. Quiet Allay. Stil^ 
 Sink. Fall. Subside. Lower. Calm. 
 Acquiesce. Abate. Agree. 
 
 Ant. Remove. Disestablish. Misregu« 
 late. Derange. Discompose. Aggravate. 
 Disorder. Disturb. Confuse. Misdetermiua 
 Misarrange. Misplace. Unsettle. Rise 
 Ascend. Move. Disajp-ee. li)cre<is« 
 Heitftaten. 
 
Sffnonyms and Antony tm. 
 
 353 
 
 Sbttlkment, n. fi'cfi' Settle. | 
 
 Syn. Subsidence. Dregs. Residuum, 
 precipitation. Colonization. T>ocation. 
 Colony. 
 
 Ant. Excitement Perturbation. Tur- 
 bidity. Fluctuation. 
 
 Sever, v. tr. Old Fr. sevrer, 
 Lat. sepnrare. 
 
 Syn. Separate. Divide. Disjofn. Dis- 
 tinguish. Part. Discommunicate. Except. 
 Disconnect. 
 
 Ant. Unite. Conjoin. Confound. Con- 
 fuse. Amalgamate. Associate. Include. 
 Connect 
 
 Skveral, adf. Src Sever. 
 
 Syn. Separate. Distinct Diverse. Various. 
 Different. 
 
 Ant. One. Same. Identical. Indistin- 
 guishable. Inseparable. United. I'otal. 
 Integral. 
 
 Severe, adj. Lat. severus. 
 
 Syn. Serious. Austere. Stern. Grave. 
 Strict. Harsh. Rigid. Rigorous. Shai-p. 
 Afflictive. Distressing. Violent Extreme. 
 Exact. Critical. Censorious. Caustic. Sar- 
 castic. Cutting. Keen. Bitter. Cruel. 
 
 Ant. Gay. Smiling. Cheerful. Re- 
 laxed. Jocose. Jocund. Joyous. Mild. 
 Genial. Indulgent Light Trivial. Trifling. 
 Inconsi'derable. Inexact. Ix)ose. Uncritical. 
 Lenient Inextreme. Moderate. Kind. 
 Considerate. Feeling. Tender. Gentle. 
 
 Shabby, adj. Dutch schahhlg, 
 Germ, schahen, to shave. Torn, 
 ragged, and so of kindred mean- 
 ing to paltry, wliicli sec. 
 
 Shackle, d. Ang. Sax. scacul, 
 <iceacid. 
 
 Syn. Fetter. Gyve. Chain. Obstruction. 
 I'hnbarrassment. 
 
 Ant. Aid. Assistance. Subsidiary. 
 Help. 
 
 Shackle, o. tr. See noun. 
 
 Shade, n. Ang. Sax. scadtt. 
 Allied to Gr. aicia, a shade, and 
 aKOTos, darkness. Used in ana- 
 logous senses. 
 
 Syn. Shadow. Adumbration. Umbrage. 
 Darkness. Sombreness. Obscurity. Se- 
 clusion. Protection. Shelter. Screen. 
 Oscuro. Minuteness. Touch. Degree. 
 
 Ant. Illumination. Light. Daylight 
 Sunshine. Brightness. Radiance. Glare. 
 Publicity. Defencelessness. Exposure. 
 Chiaro. Amount. Ijargeuoss. Consider- 
 «blene8& Quantity. 
 
 Shade, v. tr. See noun and 
 Screen. 
 Shadow, n. See Shade. Add. 
 
 Syn. Umbration. Delineation. Reflec- 
 tion. Image. Sham. Unreality. Unsub- 
 stiuitiality. Immateriality. Phantom. At- 
 tendant 
 
 Ant. R'jdy. Substance. Materiality. 
 Form. Principal. 
 
 Shadowy, adj. See Shadow. 
 
 Shake, v. tr. and int. Dutch 
 schokken, to jolt. Comp. Shock. 
 
 Syn. Agitate. Weaken. Luosen. Trem- 
 ble. Jar. Quiver. Shiver. 
 
 Ant. Secure. Fix. Fasten. Strengtheai. 
 Stabilitate. Confirm. Stand. 
 
 Shallow, adj. The adjective 
 seems to have been formed from 
 the noun shallow, conn, with 
 shoal and shelf. 
 
 Syn. Shoal. Slight Superficial. Un- 
 profound. 
 
 Ant. Deep. Profound. 
 
 Sham, ?i. Prov. Germ.sc//e?ne??, 
 schem,, a delusion or phantom. 
 
 Syn. Phantom. Ghost. Delusion. Ik 
 lusion. Mockery. Shadow, Pretence 
 Counterfeit. Unreality 
 
 Ant. Substance. Reality. Verity 
 I Substantiality 'I'ruth. 
 
 i Shame, n. Ang. Sax. scamu. 
 It is used to express the feeling 
 of shame, the act of putting tr 
 shame, and the ground of shamo 
 or disgrace. 
 
 Syn. Abashment. Humiliation. Modesty. 
 Shamefacedness. Decency. Decorum. Re- 
 proach. Dishonour. Ignominy. Contempt 
 Degradation. Discredit. Di.spraise. 
 
 Ant. Shamelessness. Barefacedncss. 
 Immodesty. Impudence, Indecency. In- 
 decorum. Impropriety. Honour. Glory 
 Exaltation. Renown. Credit. 
 
 Shameful, adj. See Shama 
 Shameless, adj. See Shame. 
 
 Shape, v. tr. Ang. Sax. sea- 
 pan, sceapan, sceppan. 
 
 Stn. Form. Mould. Figure. Adapt 
 Delineate. Adjust Contrive. Create. Ex- 
 ecute. Make. 
 
 Ant. Pervert. Distort Misadapt Mis- 
 delineate. Derange. Discompose, Mis- 
 contrive. Misproduce. Caricature. Mis 
 
 2a 
 
354 
 
 Synonyms and Antomjms. 
 
 Shape, v. tr. See noun. 
 I5?HAPELE8S, adj, " See Shape. 
 
 Stn. Amorphous. Unformed. Form- 
 less. Chaotic. Shadowy. Undefined. 
 Monstrous. Misshaped. Ugly. Unsym- 
 metrical. Rude. Uncouth. Grotesque. 
 
 Ant. Comely. Shaped. Formed. Shapely. 
 Compact, Trim. Neat. Well-defined. 
 Handsome. Symmetrical. 
 
 Shapely, adj. See Shapeless. 
 
 Shaek, n. Ang. Sax. scearu, 
 scaru. 
 
 Sts. Portion. Apportionment. Lot. 
 Division. Participation. Allowance. Allot- 
 ment. 
 
 Ant. Whole. Mass Aggregate. En- 
 tirety. 
 
 Share, v. tr. See noun. 
 Sharp, adj. Ang. Sax. scearp. 
 
 SvN. Thin. Fine. Keen. Acute. Pointed. 
 Aculeated. Penetrating. Pungent. Acid. 
 Shrill. Piercing. Aiflictive. Distressing. 
 Harsh. Severe. Eager. Active. Ardent. 
 Sore. Hard. Animated, Spirited. 
 
 Ant. Thick. Blunt, Dull. Obtuse. 
 Knobbed. Rounded. Bluff. Mellow. Bass. 
 Hollow. Deep. Light, Trifling, Trivial. 
 Mild. Gentle. Soft. Tender. Lenient. 
 Sluggish. Inactive. Indifferent. Careless. 
 Spiritless. Tame, 
 
 Shatter, v. tr. and int. Ang, 
 Sax, scateran. 
 
 Syn. Split, Dissipate. Disrupt. Rend. 
 Demolish. Shiver. Dismember, Disin- 
 tegrate. 
 
 Ant. Construct. Organize, Collocate, 
 Fabricate. Compose. Rear. Constitute. 
 
 Shed, v. tr. Ang. Sax. seed- 
 dan. 
 
 Stn. Emit Diffuse. Cast. Drop. 
 Scatter. 
 
 Ant. Absorb. Collect. Assume. Re- 
 tain. 
 
 Sheer, adj. Ang. Sax. sar, 
 scyr. 
 
 oTN. Pure. Mere. Unmixed. Unqua- 
 lified. Unmitigated. Absolute, Simple. 
 Unadulterated. 
 
 Ant. Mixed. Qualified. Adulterated. 
 Modified. Partial. 
 
 Shelter, v. tr. Conn, \\ath 
 Shield. 
 
 SlN. Shield. Cover. Protect Screen. 
 Aj-t. Expose. Surrender. Betray. Im- 
 Deril. l<:ndangnr. 
 
 Shelve, v. tr. To place upon 
 the shelf. Ang. Sax. scelfe^ schyt/e. 
 Used metaphorically for setting a 
 matter aside. 
 
 Stn, Dismiss, Discard. Swamp. Silfl*^ 
 Shift. 
 
 Ant. Start. Prosecute. Pursue. Re- 
 vive. Agitate. 
 
 Shield, v. tr. Ang. Sax. scild. 
 See Shelter. 
 
 Shift, v. tr. and int. Ang. 
 Sax. sciftan, to divide, drive away. 
 
 Stn. Change. Alter. Transfer, Shelve. 
 Displace. Remove. 
 
 Ant. Fix, Fasten. Locate, Insert Pitch. 
 Plant Place. 
 
 Shift, n. See verb. 
 
 Stn. Contrivance. Expedient, Substi 
 tute. Pretext Motive, Change. Tramt 
 ference. 
 
 Ant. Miscontrivance. Fixity. Steadl- 
 ness. Retention, Location. Permanence 
 
 Shine, v. int. Ang. Sax, scinan. 
 Used metaphorically in the sense 
 of to be eminent. 
 
 Stn. Beam. Brighten. Gleam. Glisten. 
 Excel. 
 
 Ant. Fade. Wane. Loom. Glimmer 
 Gleam. Fall. 
 
 Shiver, v. tr. Germ, schiefern. 
 See Shatter. 
 
 Shiver, v. int. See transitive. 
 
 Stn. Quake, Tremble. Vibrate. 
 Quiver. 
 
 Ant. Hang. Stand. Stiffen. Stca«ty 
 Rigidify. 
 
 Shock, v. tr. Allied to shake. 
 
 Stn. Surprise. Disgust Horrify 
 Shame. 
 
 Ant. Gratify, Please. Delight Amuse. 
 
 Edify. 
 
 Shocking, adj. See Shock. 
 
 Stn. Sad. Horrible, Disgraceful. Hate- 
 ful. Revolting. Abominable, Loathsome 
 Foul. 
 
 Ant. Pleasing. Honourable. Charming. 
 Delightful Creditable. Edifying. Ex- 
 emplary. Attractive. Alluring, Enticing, 
 
 Short, adj. Ang. Sax. scort, 
 sceort. 
 
 Stn. Brief. Lunited, Scanty, Inade- 
 quate. InsufiBcient. Lacking. Deficient 
 Defective, Imperfect. Incomplete, Sooo 
 Near, Narrow, Weak. lncompreheiL«.*T« 
 
iSynonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 865 
 
 Incxtenslve. licss. Abrupt. Blunt. Con- 
 ctee. Condensed. 
 
 Ant. Long. PKtracted. Extended. 
 Unlimited. Plentiful. Ample. Abundant. 
 Adequate. Sufficient. Exuberant. Liberal. 
 Large. Copious. Complete. Distant. 
 Deferred. Wide. Strong. Comprehen- 
 sive. Extensive. Exceeding. Bland. Cour- 
 teous. Inabrupt. Expanded. Diffuse. 
 
 Shout, n. Parallel form with 
 hoot. 
 
 Stn. Exclamation. Uproar. Clamour. 
 Vociferation. 
 
 Akt. Sibilation. Hissing. Reticence. 
 Silence. Hush. 
 
 Show, v. tr. Ang. Sax. scawian, 
 sceawian, scewian, to look, see, 
 view. 
 
 Syn. Exhibit. Present. Demonstrate. 
 Unfold. Reveal. Teach. Inform. Con- 
 duct. Manifest. Evince. Evidence. Prove. 
 Explain. 
 
 Ant. Conceal. Suppress. Hide. With- 
 hold. Obscure. Mystify. Wrap. Misde- 
 monstrate. Misdeclare. Contradict. Re- 
 fute. Deny. Disprove. Misinterpret. 
 Falsify. Misexplain. 
 
 Show, n. See verb. 
 
 Stn. Appearance. Exhibition. D<j- 
 monstration. Parade. Pomp. Semblance. 
 Likeness. Pretext. Profession. Pretence. 
 Illusion. 
 
 Ant. Non-appearance. Disappearance. 
 Concealment. Suppression. Secrecy. Dis- 
 guise. Dissimilarity. Unlikeness. Genuine- 
 ness. Reality. Sincerity. Substance. 
 
 Showy, adj. See Show. 
 
 Stn. Gay Gaudy. High-coloured. 
 Gorgeous. Flashy. Tinsel. 
 
 Ant. Inconspicuous. Unnoticeable. 
 Quiet, Subdued. 
 
 Shred, n. Scredde, scredda. 
 
 Syn. Strip. Fragment. Rag. Tatter. 
 Oddinent. Scrap. Paring. Chip. 
 
 Ant. Fold. Mass. Piece. Entirety. 
 Integrity. Whole. 
 
 Shrew, 57. IjOW Gevm. schrauer, 
 to hraivl. Originally applied to 
 both sexes, now restricted to 
 females, 
 
 liYK. Vixen. Scold. Virago. Terma- 
 gant 
 
 Ant. AngeL Dove. 
 
 Shrewd, adf. Originally in- 
 clined to be shrew or sharp in 
 manner ; now sharp in mind. 
 
 Stn. Sagacious. Penetiutlng. Astatn 
 Discriminating. Intelligent. Discerning. 
 Acute. 
 
 Ant. stolid. Undiscerning. Uneaga. 
 cioufl. stupid. Dull. 
 
 Shrill, adj. Low Germ, sclirill, 
 schrell. 
 
 Stn. Sharp. Piercing. Acute. High- 
 pitched. 
 
 Ant. Low. Deep. Base. H.llow 
 Murmuring. Rumbling. 
 
 Shrink, v. int. Ang. Sa^. 
 scrincan. 
 
 Stn. Contract. Shrivel. Withdraw 
 Retire. Recoil. Revolt. 
 
 Ant, Stretch. Expand. Dilate. Ven- 
 ture. Dare. 
 
 Shrivel, v. i7it. Icl. skrijl, a 
 shred. See Shrink. 
 
 Stn. Contract. Wither. Wrinkle. Cor- 
 rugate. Decrease. 
 
 Ant. Expand. Flatten. Develop. Un- 
 fold, Spread, Dilate. 
 
 Shroud, v. tr. Ang. Sax. 
 sc7'iid. 
 
 Syn. Cover, Hide, Veil, Obscure 
 Darken, Palliate. Shelter. 
 
 Ant. Expose. Reveal. Unveil. Eluci- 
 date. Discover. Uncover. 
 
 ftaCFTLE, V. tr. and int. Used as 
 an intransitive verb in the sense 
 of prevaricate. Dim. of Shove. 
 
 Syn. Confuse. Interchange. Shift In- 
 
 tershlft. Intermix. Derange. Agitate. 
 
 Evade. Prevaricate, Equivocate. Quibble. 
 
 CaviL Sophisticate. Mystify. Palter. 
 Dissemble. 
 
 Ant. Deal. Distribute. Order. Arrange. 
 
 Compose. Confess. Propound. Declare. 
 Explain. Elucidate. Reveal. 
 
 Shun, v. tr. Ang. Sax. scunian, 
 sceonian. 
 
 Stn. Avoid. Escape. Discard. Elnde. 
 Ant. Court. Seek. Affect. 
 
 Shut, v. tr. Ang. Sax. scyttan, 
 scittan. 
 
 Stn. Close. Contract. Bar. Fasten. 
 
 Ant. Open. Expand. Unclose. Unbar, 
 Unfasten. 
 
 Shy, adj. Ang. Sax. sceoh^ 
 Mod. Germ, scheu. 
 
 Syn. Timid. Coy. Wary. SuspldoTis. 
 Shrinking. Chary. 
 
 Ant, Bold. Brazenfaced. Impadeot 
 Audacious. Reckless. 
 
 2x9 
 
356 
 
 SiffUHiyms Jiitd Antonyms. 
 
 8lBlLATi©N, n. Lat. sibilare, 
 to hiss. 
 
 Stn. Hissing. Outcry. Disfavour. 
 Ant. Acclaniation. Cheers. Popularity. 
 
 SlOE, adj. Ang. Sax. syc, scidc, 
 sceoc. 
 
 Syn. Diseased. 111. Disordered. Dis- 
 tempered. Indisposed. Weak. Ailinf?. 
 Feeble. Morbid. Nauseated. Disgusted. 
 Ox)rrupt. Impaii-ed. 
 
 Ant. Whole. Well. Healtiy. Sound. 
 Robust. Strong. Well-conditioned. Salu- 
 brious. Healthful. Sane. 
 
 Sickly, adj. See Sick. 
 
 Stn. Weak. Diseased. Disordered. 
 Ailing. Feeble. Pining. Drooping. Mor- 
 bid. Unhealthy. Vitiated. Delicate. 
 Tainted. Valetudinary. 
 
 Ant. Strong. Healthy. Vigorous. 
 Flourishing. Salubrious. Sound, Robust. 
 
 Sickness, n. See Sick. 
 Side, n. Ang. Sax. s^de. 
 
 Stn. Margin. Edge. Verge. Border. 
 Laterality. Face. Aspect. Plane. Party. 
 Interest. Cause. Policy. Behalf. 
 
 Ant. Centre. Body. Core. Interior. 
 Essence. Neutrality. Disconnection. Sever- 
 ance. Secession. Opposition. 
 
 Sidereal, adj. Lat. sidus, a 
 constellation. 
 
 Syn. Astral. Heavenly. Starry. Ce- 
 lestial. 
 
 Ant. TerrestriaL Terrene, Earthly. 
 
 Sift. v. tr. Ang. Sax. sifta7i. 
 
 Stx. Screen. Analyze. Scrutinize. In- 
 vestjgue. Winnow. Sort. 
 
 Ant. Confound. l<use. Confuse. Amal- 
 gamate. Conglomerate. Compound. 
 
 Sight, v. Ang. Sax, sihf, 
 gesiht. Used for the faculty of 
 vision, its exercise, and its ob- 
 jects. 
 
 Stn. Seeing. Perception. View. Visior. 
 Visibility. Spectacle. Show. Inspection. 
 Examination. Representation- Appear- 
 ance. 
 
 Ant. Non-perception. Invisibility. 
 Blindness Obscuration. 1 )isappearance. 
 Oversight Noii-appearanct. Undisceru- 
 mont. 
 
 Sign, n. Lat. signum. 
 
 Syn. ioken. Indication. Proof. Me- 
 morial. Expression. Symbol. Emblem. 
 Prefiguration. Type. Premonition. Synip- 
 lom. Prognostic, Mark. Omen. Presage. 
 
 Ant. Misindicatioa MIsTeprewnliitk^a 
 Misleader. 
 
 Signal, adj. See Sign. 
 
 Stn. Emiaent Conspicuous. Remark- 
 able. Extraordinary. Notable. Mcmor* 
 able. Illustrious. Important Stilient. 
 
 Ant. Ordinary. Common. Unnotlceable 
 Mediocre. Unmemorable. Unimpoi-tant. 
 
 Signalize, v. tr. See Signal. 
 
 Syn. Distinguish. Exalt. Glorify. Dig- 
 nify. Immortalize. 
 
 Ant. Disgrace. Dishonour. Discredit. 
 
 Significant, adj'. Lat. signum, 
 a sign, and /acere, to make, 
 
 Stn. Expressive. Momentous. Sug- 
 gestive. Indicative. Symbolical. Telling. 
 Speaking. 
 
 Ant. Inexpressive. Meaningless. Ex- 
 pressionless. Unindlcative. Mute. 
 
 Signify, v. tr. See Signifi- 
 cant. 
 
 Syn. Portend. Purport. Prognosticata 
 Mean. Represent. Indicate. Commu- 
 nicate. Denote. Betoken. Declare. Utter. 
 Forebode. Presage. 
 
 Ant. Conceal. Suppress. Misindicate. 
 Misdenote. Nullify. Refute. Neutralize. 
 Preclude. 
 
 Silence, n. Lat. silentiam. 
 
 Stn. Taciturnity. Stillness. Calm. 
 Peace. Hush. Muteness. Secrecy. Ob 
 livion. 
 
 Ant. Garrulity. Loquacity. Talkative- 
 ness. Chatter. Noise. Brawl. Clamour. 
 Clatter. Din. Babel. Tumult. Agitation. 
 Restlessness. Storm. Unrest. Roar. Bruit. 
 Reverberation. Resonance. Commotion. 
 Cackling. Proclamation. Publicity. Fame. 
 Rumour. Remembrance. Repute. Cele- 
 brity. 
 
 Silent, adj. See Silence. 
 
 Silly, adj. Old Eng. Mod. 
 Gei-m. selig. Of old meant happy, 
 innocent-minded; from that the 
 sense travelled to weak, as the 
 word innocent is used in the 
 senses of harmless and imbecile, 
 and finally acquired its present 
 meaning of wanting in sense. 
 
 Syn. Simple. Foolish. Weak. Shallo-w 
 Witless. Unwise. Indiscreet. Imprudent 
 Absurd. 
 
 Ant. Sagacious. intelligent. Astute 
 Wise. Deep, Discreet. Prudent. Sound 
 Rational 
 
 Similar, adj. Lat. similvi. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 867 
 
 Sni. Correspondent. Resembling, Alike. 
 Oommou. Homogeneous. Concordant, Har- 
 monious. Congruous, 
 
 Ant. Different. Unlike. Dissimilar. 
 Alien. Heterogene^.'us. Discordant, in- 
 congruous. 
 
 Similitude, adj. See Similar. 
 
 Simple, adj. Lat. simplex, sine 
 plicis, without folds. Used in 
 many literal and analogous 
 senses. See Silly. 
 
 Stn. Single. Incomplex. Uncomponnded. 
 Unblended. Isolated. Ture. Unmixed. 
 Mere. Absolute. Plain. Unadorned. Un- 
 artificial. Artless. Sincere. Undesigning, 
 Single-minded. Unaffected. Silly. Weak. 
 Unsophisticated. Humble. Homely. Lowly. 
 l']lementary. Ultimate. Primal. Eudi- 
 mentary. 
 
 Ant. Double. Complex. Compounded. 
 Blended. Mixed. Fused. Multiform. 
 Multigenous. Various. Compomd. Arti- 
 culated. Subdivided. Organized. Con- 
 nected. Modified. Complicated. Elaborate. 
 Artificial. Artful. Designing. Insincere. 
 Double-minded. Affected. Self-conscious. 
 Sagacious. Sophisticated. Great. Eminent. 
 Ilhu'trious. Complete. Developed. Per- 
 fect. 
 
 Simplify, v. tr. Simplex, sim- 
 ple, and /acere, to make. 
 
 Syn. Facilitate. Disencumber. Eluci- 
 date. 
 
 Ant. Embarrass. Complicate. Encum- 
 ber. Obscure. 
 
 Simulate, v. tr. Simulare, 
 from similis, like. 
 
 Syn. Feign. Counterfeit. Pretend. Im- 
 personate. Assume. 
 
 Ant. Disresemble. Discard. Misrepre- 
 sent. Misexhibit. Misboseem. 
 
 Simultaneous, adj. Lat, si- 
 midtaneus, from simiil, at the same 
 time. 
 
 Syn. Synchronous. Concomitant Con- 
 urrent. 
 
 Ant. Inconcurrent. Separate. Apart. 
 Intermittent. I'eriodlc. 
 
 Sin, n. Ang. Sax. synn, syn, 
 sin. Transgression of the Divine 
 law, as distinct from crime 
 against human law. 
 
 Svif. Transgression. Iniquity. Un- 
 rigliteoiisness. Ungodliness. Wickedness. 
 Bvil. Impurity. 
 
 AST. Sinlessness, Obedience. Halinen 
 Righteousness. Purity Godliness. Good 
 
 ness. 
 
 Sincere, adj. Lat. sincerus,' 
 said to be sine ceo a, without wax^ 
 like pure honey. 
 
 Syn. Pure. Unmixed. Genuine. Un- 
 adulterated. Hearty. Honest. Unfeigned. 
 True. 
 
 Ant. Impure. Adulterated. Dishonest 
 Insincere. Hypocritical. Feigned. Pre 
 tended. False. 
 
 Sinful, adj. See Sin. 
 
 Single, adj. Lat. singtdus,one, 
 each. 
 
 Syn. One. Unique. IndividuaL Solitary 
 Separate. Uncombined. Unmarried. 
 
 Ant. Plural. Many. Collective. United. 
 Numerous. Frequent. Married. 
 
 Singular, adj. See Single. 
 
 Syn. Single. Individual. Unique. 
 Eminent. Extraordinary. Conspicuous. 
 Consummate. UnusuaL Uncommon. Odd. 
 Whimsical. Quaint. Peculiar. Unex- 
 ampled. Unprecedented. Solitary. Sole. 
 Eccentric. Fantastic. Exceptional. 
 
 Ant. Common. Frequent. Numerous 
 Ordinary. Usual. Unnoticeable. Every- 
 day. Customary. General. Regular. 
 
 Sinister, adj. Lat. sinister, 
 the Uft. Hence unlucky as an 
 ill omen occurring on the left 
 hand; thence wrong, and also 
 unfavourable in aspect. 
 
 Syn. Unlucky. Inauspicious. Ill-omened. 
 Portentous. Disastrous. Unfavourable. 
 Wrong. Unfair. Underhanded. Evil. Foul. 
 Dishonest. Dishonourable. Forbidding. 
 Repulsive. I^owenng. 
 
 Ant. Luck.y. Fortunate. Propitious. 
 Auspicious. Favourable. Right. Fair. 
 Open. Honest. Honourable. Attractive. 
 Winning. Erigaging. Assuring. Frank. 
 
 Sink, v. tr. and int. Ang, Sax. 
 sinnan . 
 
 Stn. Fall. Descend. Drop. Subside. 
 Penetrate. Soak. Droop. Decline. Weary. 
 Flag. Decay. Decrease. Diminish. Abate. 
 Lower. Immerse, Submerge. Depress. 
 Degrade. Drown. Reduce. Waste. At- 
 tenuate. Suppress. 
 
 Ant. Rise. Ascend. Mount. Soar. 
 Swell. Increase. Spring. Elxude. Flonrisli. 
 Revive. Float. Heighten. Raise. Pro- 
 mote. Rxalt. I<]nhance. Rescue. Fostet 
 Encourage. Perpetuate. PFomul^ ^. Di 
 vulge 
 
 V 
 
358 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 SmuoUB, adj. Lat. sinus, 
 bosom, fold of a dress. 
 
 8th. Coiled. Convolute. Undulating. 
 Curved. Serpentine. Winding. Tortuous. 
 Anfractuous. Waving. Flexuous. 
 
 Ant. Uncoiled. Rectilinear. Unin- 
 flected. 
 
 Situation, n. Lat. situs. 
 
 Syn. Locality. Position. Topography. 
 State. Seat. Post Place. Condition. 
 Residence. Aspect. Footing. Standing. 
 
 Ant. Non-situation. Non-location. Ab- 
 sence. Non-assignment. Unfixedness. Dis- 
 placement. Dislodgment. 
 
 Size, n. Abbreviated from 
 assize. The assessed or assayed 
 magnitude. 
 
 Stn. Greatness. Magnitude. Largeness. 
 Extent. Dimension. Bulk. Bigness. 
 
 Ant. Smallness. Littleness. Tenuity. 
 Minuteness. 
 
 Skim, v. tr. and int. Prob. a 
 different orthography of scum. 
 
 Stk. Brush. Glide. Graze. Touch. 
 Akt. Enter. Penetrate. 
 
 Skirt, v. tr. Ang. Sax. scyrtan, 
 gescyrtan, to shorten, Icl. skiria, a 
 shirt. 
 
 Syn. Border. Trim. Confine. Bound. 
 Surround. Encircle. 
 
 Ant. Penetrate. Enter. Interpenetrate. 
 
 Skulk, v. int. Dan. skuJke, to 
 play the truant. 
 
 Stn. Hide. Sneak. Cower. Abscond 
 Slink. 
 
 AtfT. Appear. Issue. Parade. Show. 
 
 Slack, adj. Ang. Sax. sleac, 
 side. 
 
 Stn. Loose. Weak. Remiss. Back- 
 ward. Indiligent Slow. Tardy. 
 
 Ant. Tight. Tense. Strong. Active. 
 
 Prompt. Diligent. Alert. Quick. Eager. 
 
 Slacken, v. tr. and int. 
 
 Stn. Loosen. Abate. Languish. Flag. 
 Moderate. 
 
 Ant. Tighten, Increase. Freshen. 
 
 Sla nder, V. tr. Old Fr. esdan- 
 dre, Lat. scandalum. 
 
 Syn. Asperse. Defame, Calumniate. 
 Vilify. Abuse. Scandalize. 
 
 Ant. I'raise, I^aud. Honour. Vindi- 
 cate. Defend. Panegyrize, Eulogize. Shield. 
 Commend. 
 
 Slavish, udj. Like a slave, 
 
 or one belonging to the Sclavonifl 
 race, who, when taken in war by 
 other European nations, were 
 called slaves. 
 
 Stn. Servile. Drudging, Menial. Ab» 
 ject. 
 
 Ant. Independent. Free. Voluntary. 
 
 Sleek, adj. Old Eng. slick,, 
 conn, with Icel. slikia, to smooth 
 or polish. 
 
 Syn. Glossy. Velvety. Satin. Silken. 
 Ant. Rough. Hairy. Hirsute. Bristly 
 
 Sleepy, adj. Ang. Sax. sloepan, 
 sldpan, to sleep. 
 
 Stn. Slumberous. Somnolent. Drowsy. 
 Sluggish. Lazy. 
 
 Ant. Wakeful. Vigilant Alert Awake, 
 Active. 
 
 Slender, adj. Old Dutch 
 slinder, thin. 
 
 Stn. Thin. Narrow. Slight. SmalU 
 Trivial. Spare. Inadequate. Inconsider- 
 able. SuperficiaL 
 
 Ant. Stout. Thick. Broad. Robust. 
 Massive. Considerable. Ample, Deep, 
 
 Slight, adj. Gothic slaights, 
 smooth, even. See Slender. 
 
 Slight, v. tr. See adjective. 
 
 Syn. Disregard. Disdain. Sconi, Over- 
 look, Disparage. 
 
 Ant. Regard. Respect, Notice. Ob- 
 serve. 
 
 Slight, n. See verb. 
 
 Slink, v. int. Ang. Sax. slin- 
 call. See Skulk. 
 
 Slippery, adj. Ang. Sax. sU- 
 pur, slippery. Used in metapho- 
 rical senses. 
 
 Syn. Smooth. Glassy. Lubricated. In- 
 secure. Perilous. Unsafe. Unstable. 
 Shifty, Elusive. Shuflfiing. Unprincipled. 
 Deceptive. Evasive. Untrustworthy. Un- 
 certain, 
 
 Ant, Rough. Firm. Unslippery. 8«« 
 cure. Safe. Stable. Solid. Trustworthy, 
 
 Slough, n. Ang. Sax, a dog^ 
 a hollow place. 
 
 Syn. Mire. DifiSculty. Despond. 
 Ant. Footing. Stand-poiut. 
 
 Slovenly, adj. Dutch biof-. 
 
 careless. 
 
Synonyms and lintonyms. 
 
 359 
 
 Syn. Loose. Negligent. Disorderly. Un- 
 tidy. 
 
 Ant. Trim. Neat. CarefuL Orderly. 
 Tidy. Precise. 
 
 Slow, adj. Ang. Sax. slaw, 
 
 Stk. Sluggish. Inactive. Inert. Lazy. 
 Unready. Tardy. Late. Gradual. Dila- 
 tory. Lingering. Slack. 
 
 Ant. Active. Quick. Fast. Rapid. 
 Alert. Ready. Prompt Early. Sudden. 
 Immediate. 
 
 Sly, adj. Germ, schlan. For- 
 merly used in no unfavourable 
 sense, but as meaning rapid, 
 nimble, as in the word sleight-of- 
 hand. 
 
 Stn, Cunning. Subtle. Crafty. Artful. 
 Wily. Underhanded. Astute. Stealthy. 
 
 Ant. Open, Frank. Artless. Unde- 
 signing. 
 
 Small, adj. Ang. Sax. S7ndl, 
 smeal. 
 
 Stn. Little. Diminutive. Minute. 
 Slight. Feeble. Trivial. Insignificant. 
 Paltry. Narrow. Mean. Weak. Slender. 
 Fine. Inferior. 
 
 Ant. Great, Large, Big, Considerable, 
 Bulky, Extensive. Ample, Spacious, 
 Stout, Strong, Important. Broad. Liberal, 
 
 Smart, adj. From the nouv. 
 Germ, schmerz. 
 
 Syn. Keen. Pungent. Piercing. Quick. 
 Vigorous. Sharp. Severe. Active. Clever, 
 Brilliant, Vivacious. Witty. Ready. 
 Spruce. Brisk. Fresh. Dressy, Showy. 
 
 Ant. Dull. Heavy, Aching, Slow. 
 Inactive. Stupid. Sluggish. Unready. 
 Slow-minded. Unwitty. Dowdy. Shabby. 
 Clownish. 
 
 Smear, v. tr. Ang. Sax. smer- 
 wian, smeru,fat, grease. 
 
 Stn. Dauh. Plaster. Coat. Begrime. 
 Varnish. Incrust. 
 
 Ant. Abrade. Levigate. Polish. Scour. 
 Scrape. 
 
 Smite, v. tr. Ang. Sax. smitan. 
 
 Syn. Strike. Beat. Buffet, Blast, Afflict, 
 Punish, Surprise, Captivate. 
 
 Akt. Soothe. Smooth. Caress. Re- 
 lievo. Console. Repel, Alienate, 
 
 Smoke, n. Ang. Sax. smocca, 
 from smeoca7), to smoke. Used 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Fumigation, Fumes. Vapoar. 
 Insubstantiality. Nothingness. Moonshine 
 rrlvlftUty. Trifle. 
 
 Ant. Substance. Reality. Realization. 
 Moment. Importance. 
 
 Smooth, adj. Ang. Sax. smethe. 
 
 Syn. Even, Plain, Level. Flat 
 Polished. Glossy, Sleek. Soft. Bland. 
 Oily. Suave, 
 
 Ant. Uneven, Rough. Rugged. Abrupt. 
 Precipitous. Unpolished, Harsh. Blunt 
 
 Smother^ v. tr. Sax. smorran, 
 to stew. Alhed to smoor or smore, 
 an obsolete word. 
 
 Syn. Suffocate. Stifle. Repress. Gag. 
 Suppress. Strangle. Allay. Swallow 
 
 Ant, Fan. Ventilate. Foster. Cherish. 
 Nurture. Publish. Promulgate, Divulge, 
 Spread, Excite, Vent. 
 
 Smoulder, v. int. Dutch 
 smeulen, to smoulder. 
 
 Syn, Reek. Simmer, Seethe. Ferment 
 Work. 
 
 Ant. Burst Blaze. 
 
 Snatch, v. tr. Old Eng. snacJc. 
 
 Syn, Twitch. Pluck. Pull. Catch. 
 Grasp. Gripe. Clutch. 
 
 Ant. Unclutch. Restore. Unhand. Re- 
 lease. 
 
 Sneer, ii. Ang. Sax. snora, 
 a snoring, Germ, schnarien, to 
 rattle. Conn, with snort and 
 snore. 
 
 Stn. Scoff. Gibe. Jeer. Disparage- 
 ment. Contempt Scorn, Superciliousness, 
 Disdain. 
 
 Ant. Compliment Eulogy, Commend- 
 ation. Deference. 
 
 Snug, adj. Swed. snygg, smooth. 
 Warm. 
 
 Stn. Close. Housed. Compressed. Com- 
 pact. Comfortable. 
 
 Ant. Exposed. Loose. Disordered. In- 
 compact. Uncomfortable. Bare, Shiver- 
 ing. 
 
 Soak, v. tr. and int. Ang, Sax. 
 socian. 
 
 Syn, Wet. Steep. Drench. Macerate 
 Moisten. Submerge. 
 
 Ant. Dry. Air, Wring. Exsiccate. 
 Aridify. Bleach. 
 
 Soar, v. int. Fr. essorer, It, 
 sorare, Lai ex and aura, the air. 
 
 St». Rise. Mount. Aspire. Tower 
 Ascend. Uprise. 
 
 Ant. Drop. Sink. Descend. Alight. 
 
 Sober, adj. Lat. sobri:-<i, dO' 
 
360 
 
 8ynony7us and Antonyms. 
 
 rived from sine hrtis, without 
 cups. 
 
 Stn, Temperate. Unintoxicated. CooL 
 Dispassionate. Reasonable. Calm. Self- 
 possessed. Sound. Unexcited. Serious. 
 Grave. Sedate. Steady. Abstemious. 
 Moderate. 
 
 Ant. Intemperate. Drunk. Intoxicated. 
 Heated. Excited. Impassioned. Unrea- 
 sonable. Agitated. Furious. Passionate. 
 Extravagant. Extreme. Exorbitant. Im- 
 moderate. Flighty. Erratic. Eccentric. 
 
 SoBiiiETY, 11. See Sober. 
 
 Sociable, (k^J. Lat. socius, a 
 companion. 
 
 Syn. Companionable. Genial. Conver- 
 Bible. Friendly. Accessible. Gregarious. 
 
 Ant. Unsociable. Uncompanionable. Un- 
 conversible. Ungenial. Unfriendly. Inac- 
 cessible. Retiring. Morose. Solitary, Ud- 
 communicative. 
 
 Social, adj. See Sociable. 
 
 Syn. Collective. Political. Gregarious. 
 Ant. Individual. Solitary. Pei-sonal. 
 
 Society, n. See Sociable. 
 
 Syn. Community. Polity. Assodatioii. 
 Collection. Companionship. Fellowship. 
 Connection. Participation. Company. So- 
 ciality. Communion. Intercourse. Sodality. 
 
 Ant. Individuality. Personality. Segre- 
 gation. Separation. Solitariness. Un- 
 Bociality. Privacy. Dissociation. Discon- 
 nection. 
 
 Soft, adj. Aug. Sax. Used 
 in many analogous senses. 
 
 Stn. Yielding. Pressible. Impiossible. 
 Smooth. Delicate. P'ine. Sleek. (J lossy. 
 Mild. Gentle. Balmy. Kind. Fteling. 
 Flexible. Effeminate. Luxurious. Un- 
 manly. Tender. Irresolute. Undecided. 
 
 Ant. Hard. Tough. Stubborn. Un- 
 yielding. Rigid. Unimpressible. Rough. 
 Coarse. Harsh. Abrupt. Ungentle. Rigor- 
 ous. Cutting. Severe. Unkind. Uiiteel- 
 ing. Sharp. Inflexible. Stern. Austere. 
 Ascetic. Self-denying. Resolute. Deter- 
 mined. 
 
 Soften, v. tr. and int. See 
 Soft. 
 
 Syn. Mollify. Palliate. Compose. Mlti- 
 fute. Assuage. Dulcify, Yie-ld. iMaoe- 
 '^ate. 
 
 Ant. Harden. indurate. Aggravate. 
 Kxcite. Infuriate. Consolidate. 
 
 Soil, v. tr. Old Fr. soillier, 
 Mod. Fr. souiller. 
 
 iJ\N. Stain. Tarnish, ncgrime. Be- 
 V.ul. 0::)ntaininat(',. 
 
 Ant. Purify. Bleach. Cl9«a«*. h\ 
 
 sterge. 
 
 Sojourn, v. int. Lat. buh anu 
 diurnuH,for the day, It. sogyiomo^ 
 Fr. sej'our, to dwell temporarily. 
 
 Syn. Rest. Abide. Reside. Halt. Stay. 
 Quarter. 
 
 Ant. Migrate. Move. Wander. De. 
 I>art. fiavel. Journey, 
 
 Solace, n. Lat. solatium. 
 
 Syn. Consolation. Comfort. Alleviation. 
 Relief. 
 
 Ant. Affliction. Aggravation. Embitter, 
 ment. 
 
 Sole, adj. Lat. solus, alone. 
 
 Syn. Single. Solitary. Only, Alone. 
 One. Singular. 
 
 Ant. Plural. Numerous. Combined. 
 Collective. 
 
 Solemn, adj'. Lat. solemnis, 
 from the Oscan solhis, all, and 
 annus, year. Occurring every 
 year like religious ceremonies, 
 
 Syn, Sacred. Formal. Devotional. 
 Ritual. Ceremonial. Religious. Grave. 
 Serious. 
 
 Ant. Profane. Undevotional. Secular. 
 Light. Gay. Trivial. Unceremonial. In- 
 formal. Unsolemn. 
 
 Solemnity, n. See Solemn. 
 Used of acts and their character, 
 also of manner or demeanour 
 and of places. 
 
 Stn. Celebration. Rite. Office. Func 
 tion. Pomp. Parade. Seriousness. I*om- 
 ()Osity. Gravity. Sacredness. Awe. Sanc- 
 tity. Impressiveness. Imposingness. 
 
 Ant. Non-celebration. Secularity. Sim- 
 plicity. Triviality. Gaiety, Profanity 
 Desecration, Unimpressiveiioss, Mean- 
 ness. Tawdrincss. Vulgarity. Unlm- 
 posingness. 
 
 Solicit, v. tr. Fr. soUiciter, 
 Lat, sollicitus, Oscan sollus, whole, 
 and ciere, citus, to move, wholly 
 moved or anxious. Anxiously to 
 entreat. 
 
 Syn, Entreat. Beg. Uigf. i»iay. 
 Ask. Crave. Implore. Import uuc 
 
 Ant. Demand. Require. Exact. Claim 
 
 Solicitude, n.. See Solicit. 
 
 Syn. Anxiety. Concern. Tronbfe 
 Caiefulness. 
 
 Ant. Indifference. Unconcern. V^ttn 
 iMsness. Ease. 
 
Stjihonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 361 
 
 Soled, adj. Lat. solidus. 
 
 Stn. Haid. Firm. Compact Resistant. 
 Dense. Substantial. Weighty. Strong. 
 Valid. Just. Sound. 
 
 Ant. Soft. Hollow. Yielding. Frail. 
 Brittle. Flimsy. Elastic. Resilient. Mal- 
 leable. Impressible. Fluid. Liquid. Fri- 
 volous. Light. Trifling. Weak. Invalid. 
 Unsound. Fallacious. Weakly. 
 
 Solidity, n. See Solid. 
 Solitude,??, hat. solus. The 
 state of loneliness or being alone. 
 
 Syn. Ijoneliness. Remoteness. Seclu- 
 gion. Retirement. Isolation. Wildness. 
 Desertion. Barrenness. Wilderness. Pri- 
 vacy. 
 
 Airr, I'libliclty. Populousness. Society. 
 Freqnentediiess. Intercourse. Resort. 
 Meeting. Reimion. Throng. Crowd. 
 
 Soluble, adj. Lat. solubilis, 
 from solvere, to melt or loose. 
 
 Stn. Separable. Disccrptible. Divi- 
 sible. Dissoluble. 
 
 Ant. Indivisible. Inseparable. Indis- 
 cerptlblc Insoluble. Indissoluble. 
 
 Solution, n. See Soluble. 
 
 Stn. Separation. Discerption. Disrup- 
 tion. Breach. Discontinuance. Disa>n- 
 nection. Disentanglement. Elucidation. 
 Explanation. Disintegration. 
 
 Ant. Union. Combination. Amalga- 
 mation. Continuity. Connection. Con- 
 junction, lintanglenient. Complication. 
 Confusion. Mystification. Obscurity, in- 
 tegration. 
 
 Sombre, adj. Fr., Sp. somhra, 
 Lat, sub nmhra, shade. 
 
 Stn. Dull. Grave. Gloomy. Dusky. 
 Pensive. Melancholy. 
 
 Ant. Bright. Gay. Sunny. Joyous. 
 
 Somnolent, adj. Somnolent us, 
 aomn/us, sleep. 
 
 Stn. Sleepy. Drowsy. Dozy. Dreamy. 
 Ant. Wakeful. Vigilant. Alert. 
 
 Sonorous, axlj. Sonor, from 
 sonare, to sozmd. 
 
 Stn. Resonant. Loud. Audible. Ring- 
 ing. Clear. Trumpet-liko. 
 
 Ant. Mnte. MutHed. Dumb. Soft. 
 Wealv. Inaudible. Confused. Powerless. 
 
 Soothe, v. tr. Aug. Sax. qe- 
 so'dhuiii. Applied to ptn'sons and 
 their feelings. 
 
 Stn. Soften. Assu:ige. AU.iy. Com- 
 pose. Mollify. Tnmquilli/.f. Haclfy. Mi- 
 tiKftte, Flatter. Appea.se. lOllcve. 
 
 Ant. Rouse. Excite. IrriU(«. KufHa 
 Exasperate. Exacerbate. Agitate. Infu- 
 riate. Aggravate. Annoy. Dissatisfy. 
 
 Sophism, n. Gr. o-o'c^to-fta, 
 cro<p6s, wise, reason er. 
 
 Stn. Fallacy. Quibble. Paralogism. 
 
 Ant. Truth. Argument. Reason. I/)gia 
 Syllogism. 
 
 Sophisticate, v. tr. Pri- 
 marily to confuse by false or 
 fallacious reasoning; then to 
 corrupt generally, but in such a 
 way as implies refinement and 
 art in the process. 
 
 Stn. Artificialize. Demoralize. Debase. 
 Corrupt. Vitiate. SpoiL Pervert. 
 
 Ant. Naturalize. Simplify. Purify 
 Train. Improve. Correct. Refine. Re- 
 form. 
 
 Sophistry, n. See Sophism. 
 
 Soporific, adj. Sopor, heavy 
 sleep, andfacere, to make. 
 
 Stn. Somniferous. Narcotic. Anodyne. 
 Opiate. 
 
 Axt. Antisoporific. Antinarcotic. 
 
 Sorcery, n. Old Fr. sorcerie, 
 Lat. sortiarius, from sors, a lot, a 
 sorcerer. 
 
 Stn. Magic. Enchantment. Witchcraft. 
 Divination. Glamour. Possession. 
 
 Ant. Disenchantment. Exorcism. Ex- 
 sufiflation. Dispossession. 
 
 Sordid, adj. Lat. sordidus, 
 from sordes, dirt. 
 
 Stn. Dirty. Filthy. Foul. Gross 
 Vile. Base. Mean. Avaricious. Covetous. 
 Ni<>gardly. Beggarly. Close-fisted. Hide- 
 bound. Greedy. 
 
 Ant. Pure. Liberal. Generous. Un- 
 sellisli. Honourable. Uncovetous. Open- 
 handed. High-minded. Profuse. Lavish. 
 Prodigal. i<]xtravagant. Over-liberal. 
 
 Sore, (ulj. Ang. Sax. sdr. 
 
 Syn. Painful. Irritated. Susceptible. 
 P^xcoriated. Raw. Scarified. Ulcerous. 
 Grievous. AfQlctive. Heavy. Burden- 
 some. 
 
 Akt. Painless. Sound. Whole. Health- 
 ful. Healed. Unbroken. Unscarified 
 Liglit. Trivial. Unburdensome. Pleasant 
 Untroublesome. Grateful. 
 
 Sorrow, 7^ Ang. Sax. sory. 
 
 Stn. AffiictioM. <Jritf. Sadne.ss. Muun» 
 iug. 
 
 Ant. Joy. G!adue«a. Rejokrlng. 
 
362 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 SoERT, adj. See SoiTOW. 
 
 oVK. Grieved. Pained. Hurt. Afflicted, 
 Mortified. Vexed. Dojected. Poor. Mean. 
 Vile. Shabby. Worthless. 
 
 Ant. Glad. Rejoiced. Delighted. Pleased. 
 Gratified. Fine. Choice. Handsome. 
 
 Sort, n. Fr. sorte, Lat. sors, 
 sortis, a lot. 
 
 Stn. Kind. Species. Nature. Class. 
 Quality. Condition. Description. Designa- 
 tion. Genus. 
 
 Ant. Non-description. Solitariness. 
 Uniqueness. Non-classification. Hetero- 
 geneity. 
 
 Soul, n. Old Eng. mul, Aug. 
 Sax. mwd, sdwl, saul. Used 
 in the primary sense of the 
 spirit, life, or mind, and in the 
 analogous senses of an animating 
 spirit or person. 
 
 Stn. Spirit. Life. Reason. Intellect. 
 Vitality. Fire. Leader. Inspirer. Energy. 
 Courage. Fervour. Afi'ectlon. Feeling. 
 Being. Person. Man. 
 
 Ant. SouUessness. Irrationality. Unin- 
 tellectuallty. Deadness. Unfeelingness. 
 Spiritlessness. Coldness. Mindlessness. 
 Nonentity. Nullity. 
 
 Sound, n, Lat. sonus. 
 
 Syn. Resonance, Audibility. Noise. 
 Ant. Silence. Stillness. Muteness. 
 Voicelessness. Abmutescence. 
 
 Sound, adj. Ang. Sax. stmd, 
 
 Syn. Entiie. Unbroken. Uninjured. 
 Unimpaired. Healthy. Firm. Strong. 
 Vigorous. Weighty. Solid. Irrefragable. 
 Irrefutable. 'J'horough. Wholesome. Cor- 
 rect. Substantial. Valid. 
 
 Ant. Pariial. Broken. Injured. Im- 
 paired. Unhealthy. Unsound. Weak. 
 Frail. Fragile. Light. 'I'rivial. Un- 
 founded. Hollow. Fallacious. Imperfect. 
 Unwholesome. Incorrect. Unsubstantial. 
 Invalid. 
 
 Sound, v. fr. Fr. sonder, sonde, 
 a sounding line. 
 
 Syn. Prolie. Gauge. Investigate. 
 
 Ant. Overlook. Disregard. Misexa- 
 mine. Misinvestigate. 
 
 Sour, adj, Ang. Sax. sttr. 
 
 Syn. Tart. Rancid. Coagulated. Turned. 
 Harsh. Crabbed. Austere. Morose. Bitter. 
 Acetous. Acrimonious. Peevish. 
 
 Airr. Sweet. Wholesome. Untainted. 
 Mellow. Genial. Kindly. 
 
 Source, n. Fr. source, from 
 sourdre, Lat. surgere, to rise or 
 spring forth. 
 
 Stn. Rise. Origin. Spring. Fount 
 Cause. Commencement. Beginning. 
 
 Ant. Mouth. Debouchtire. Termina- 
 tion. End. Exit. Issue. Result. Effect. 
 
 Sovereign, adj. Fr. souve- 
 rain, as if from a corrupt Lat. 
 form superaneus. 
 
 Syn. Paramount. Supreme. Primary. 
 Chief. Certain. Efficacious. 
 
 Ant. Inferior. MinisteriaL Subser- 
 vient. Subordinate. Subject. Secondary 
 Weak. Uncertain. Inefficient. Uneffl- 
 cacious. 
 
 Space, n. Lat. spatium. 
 
 Stn. Extension. Room. Interval 
 Boundlessness. Immeasurableness. Illimit 
 ableness. Distance. Measure. Quantity 
 Intervenience. Interspace. 
 
 Ant. Limitation. Inextension. Restric* 
 tion. Coarctation. Confinement. Proxi- 
 mity, Scantiness. Contiguity. Uninter- 
 ruptedness. Continuity. 
 
 Spacious, adj. See Space. 
 
 Syn. Ample. Extensive. Broad. Large 
 Wide. Roomy. Expansive. 
 
 Ant. Narrow. Restricted. Limited 
 Cramped. Confined. Inextensive. 
 
 Spare, v. tr. Ang. Sax. spa* 
 rian. 
 
 Stn. Save. Husband. Economize. Re- 
 tain. Store. Grudge. Discard. Omit. 
 Forbear. Withhold. Refrain. Abstain. 
 
 Ant. Spend. Squander. Waste. La- 
 vish. Scatter. Expend. Pour. Indulge. 
 Vent. 
 
 Spare, adj. Ang. Sax. spar. 
 
 Syn. Scanty. Unplentiful. Inabund- 
 ant. Meagre. Economical. Frugal. 
 Stinted. Restricted. Parsimonious. Nig- 
 gardly. Chary. Superfluous. Disposable. 
 Available. Lean. 'I'hin. Ill-conditioned. 
 
 Ant. Ample. Plentiful. Abundant. 
 Profuse. Liberal. Unrestricted. GenerousL 
 Bountiful. Unsparing. Unstinted. Un- 
 bounded. Available. Well- conditioned. 
 
 Sparing, adj. See Spare. 
 
 Sparkle, v. int. Dutch spark' 
 elen. 
 
 Syn. Scintillate. Flash, Glisten. Bub 
 ble. liadiate. Coruscate. Effervesce. 
 
 Ant. Smoulder. Wane. Stagnale. Ex 
 plre. 
 
 Sparse, adj. Lat. spursm, 
 i part, of spargere, to sciUisr. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 sen 
 
 Srs . Scattered. Sprinkled. Few. Scanty. 
 Thin. Meagre. Innumerous. 
 
 Ant. Dense. Multitudinous. Numer- 
 ous. Frequented. Thiclc. Crowded. Po- 
 pulous. 
 
 Special, adj. Lat. species. 
 
 Stn. Particular. Specific. Peculiar. 
 Appropriate. Proper. Distinctive. Ex- 
 ceptional. 
 
 Ant. General. Universal. Common. 
 Generic. 
 
 Species, n. Lat. species. See 
 Sort. 
 
 Specify, v, tr. See Special. 
 To point out one or more parti- 
 culars. 
 
 Syn. Particularize. Individualize. In- 
 dicate. Designate. Detail. Enumerate. 
 Mention. 
 
 Ant. Generalize. Classify. Amalga- 
 mate. Confound. 
 
 Specimen, n. Lat. specimen. 
 A part intended to exhibit the 
 kind or quality of the whole. 
 
 Syn. Sample. Mode. Pattern. Illus- 
 tration. Instance. Type. Exemplar. 
 
 Ant. Anomaly. Exception. Nonde- 
 script. Monster. Freak. Misillustration. 
 
 Specious, adj. Species in the 
 sense of fairness of form. That 
 which looks well or fair, with an 
 imphcation that it is not alto- 
 gether what it looks. 
 
 Stn. Plausible. Showy. Ostensible. 
 Colourable. Fair-spoken.. 
 
 Ant. InadmiiisiJble. Self-contradictory. 
 Absurd. Unreasonable. 
 
 Spectacle, n. Lat. spectacu- 
 lum, from specere, to behold. 
 
 Syn. Sight. Exhibition. Display. Pa- 
 rade. Demonstration. Picture. Show. 
 Pageant. Flourish. 
 
 Akt. Non-demonstration. Non-celebra- 
 tion. 
 
 Spectral, adj. See Spectre. 
 
 Syn. Ghostly. Ghastly. Cadaverous. 
 Shadowy. Visionary. Illusionary. 
 
 Akt. Bodily. Substantial. Corporeal. 
 Fleshly. Palpable. 
 
 Spkctbe, n. Lat. specti^um, 
 an appearance. 
 
 Stn. Apparition. Ghost. Shade. Sha- 
 dow. Spirit. Larva. 
 
 AW7. BojJt. Sqljfltaoce. Kleab. Per- 
 
 iOBftUty. 
 
 Speculate, v. int. See Specu- 
 lation. 
 
 Speculation, n. Lat. specu- 
 lar i, to observe. 
 
 Stn. Contemplation. Consideration. 
 Weighing. Thought. Theory. View. 
 Conjecture. 
 
 Ant. Realization. Proof. Fact. Veri- 
 fication. Certainty. 
 
 Speed, v. tr. and int. Ang. 
 Sax. spedan, from spowan^ to suc- 
 ceed. 
 
 Stn. Despatch. Expedite. Accelerate. 
 Urge. Hasten. Hurry. Press. 
 
 Ant. Retard. Delay. Postpone. Ob- 
 struct. Drag. Loiter. Dawdle. Linger. 
 Lag. Stay. 
 
 Speedy, adj\ See Speed. 
 
 Syn. Early. Quick. Rapid. Fast. Ac- 
 celerated. 
 
 Ant. Late. Slow. Dragging. Loiter- 
 fng. Lingering. Tardy. Sluggish. 
 
 Spend, v. tr. Ang. Sax. spend- 
 an, but derived from the Lat- 
 
 expendere, to weigh or pay out. 
 
 Stn. Bestow. Waste. Exhaust La- 
 vish. 
 
 Ant. Retain. Save. Hoard. Accumu- 
 late. Husband. Economize. 
 
 Spirit, n. Lat. spiritus, from 
 spirare, to breathe. 
 
 Stn. Air. Breath. Life. Soul. Es- 
 sence. Immateriality. Intelligence. Dis- 
 embodiment. Spectre. Apparition. Ghost. 
 Energy. Ardour. Enthusiasm. Activity 
 p:arnestiiess. Courage. Zeal. Disposition. 
 Temper. Principle. Motive. Distillation. 
 
 Ant. Substance. Body. Corporeity. Ma- 
 teriality. Flesh. Organization. Frame. 
 Embodiment. Spiritlessness. Listlessness. 
 SouUessness. Ijifelessness. Torpor. Dead- 
 ness. Timidity. Dejection. Slowness. 
 Sluggishness. 
 
 Spiritual, adj. See Spirit. 
 
 Stn. Divine. Religious. 
 
 Ant. Carnal. Fleshly. UnspirituaU 
 
 Spite, 71. Abbrev. from de- 
 spite, which is from despicere, 
 despectus, to despise. It has, how- 
 ever, in usage acquired a more 
 energetic form than that of 
 simple contempt. 
 
 Stn. Malice. Malevolence, Vlndlo- 
 
 tivenesB. Rancour. Spleen. 
 
 Ant. aood-wiU. 3ei:evo]eoaB {(.taitt 
 
 nesti. 
 
364 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Spiiteful, adj. See Spite. 
 
 Spleen, n. Lat. splcn, Gr. o-ttX^v. 
 Supposed to be the seat of cer- 
 tain feelings or afEectioDS, and so 
 taken for the feelings themselves. 
 
 vSiK. Anger, Spite. Chagrin. Annoy- 
 ance. Rancour. Hypochondria. Melan- 
 cholj'. Irascibility. 
 
 Ant. Kindliness. Benevolence. Grati- 
 fication. Mirth. Cheerfulness. Geniality. 
 High-spirits. Gratulation. Pacification. 
 
 Sple-n did, adf. Lat. splendidvH, 
 from splcndere, to shine. 
 
 Syn. Brilliant. Showy. Magnificent. 
 Sumptuous. Gorgeous, Glorious. Pomp- 
 ous. Imposing. Illustrious. Signal. 
 
 Ant. Dull. Obscure. Tame. Sombre. 
 Poor. Beggarly. Unimposing. Ordinaiy. 
 Ineffective. Inglorious. 
 
 Split, v. ti\ and ini. Low 
 Germ, splitten. 
 
 Syn. Divide. Separate. Rive. Cleave. 
 Crack. Splinter. Burst. Disagree. Secede. 
 Disunite. 
 
 Ant. Cohere. Unite. Amalgamate. 
 Coalesce. Conform. Agree. Splice. Con- 
 solidate. I n tegrate. 
 
 Split, n. See verb. 
 
 Spoil, v, tr. Lat. spoUare, 
 from sjiolium, spoil. 
 
 Stn. Plunder. Strip. Rob. Deva.state. 
 Pillage. Denude. Corrupt. Vitiate. Mar. 
 Deteriorate. 
 
 Ant. Invest. Enrich. Endow. Re- 
 plenish, Renovate. Improve. Better. 
 Ameliorate. Rectify. Preserve. 
 
 Spontaneous, adj. Lat. spon- 
 'Miieus, from sponte, of one's own 
 accord. 
 
 Stn. Voluntary. Self-generated. Sell- 
 criginated. Self-evolved. Willing. 
 
 Ant. Involuntary. Imposed. Compul- 
 sionary. Unwilling. Necessitated. Coer- 
 cive. 
 
 Sport, n. Abbrev. from dis- 
 port, and that as if from disport- 
 are (se), to carry one's self about, 
 to move with, qlae or levity. 
 
 Syn. Play. Frolic. Wantoimcss. Joke. 
 Diversion. Merriment. Gaiety. Fun. 
 Amusement. 
 
 Ant. Work. SerionsneRs. BuHinosa. 
 ?Aioestnefi«. 
 
 Sport, v. int. See noun. 
 
 Spbead, v. tr. and tnt. Aug 
 Sax. sprcedan. 
 
 Stk. Extend. Stretch. Expand Open. 
 Unfurl. Divulge. Propagate. Pubiisn. 
 Disperse. Diffuse. Distribute. Scatter 
 Circulate. Disseminate. Ramify. 
 
 Ant. Contract. FurL Gather. Fold. 
 Close. Shut. Secrete. Suppress. Con- 
 fine. Restrict. Repress. Hush. Conceal. 
 Recal. Collect. Stagnate. Concentrate, 
 I..ocalize. 
 
 Sprightly, adj. From sprighi, 
 another form of spirit. 
 
 Syn. Blithe. Lively. Gay. Brisk. 
 Animated. Airy. 
 
 Ant. Sombre. Dull. Lifeless. Slug- 
 gish. Inanimate. Heavy. 
 
 Spring, v. int. Ang. Sax. 
 spring, a fountain, a leap. 
 
 Syn. Leap. Bound. Jump, Start. 
 Emerge. Issue. Proceed. Originate, 
 Flow. 
 
 Ant. Settle. Alight. T^nd. Drop. 
 Arrive. Issue. Eventuate. End. Termi- 
 nate. I )ebouch. Disembogue, 
 
 Sprout, v. int. Low, Germ. 
 sprutttn, sprotten, High Germ 
 sprossen. 
 
 Syn. Shoot. Germinate, Spring. 
 
 Ant, Blight Wither. Decay. 
 
 Spruce, adj. Der. uncertain. 
 Probably conn, with sprout. 
 
 Syn. Neat. Finical. Trim. Smug. 
 Tidy. Smart. 
 
 Ant. Slovenly. Untidy. Untrim. Dis- 
 orderly. 
 
 Spur, v. tr. Aug. Sax. spura, 
 spora, a spur. Used metapho- 
 rically. 
 
 Syn. Incite. Goad. Urge. Stimulate. 
 
 Ant. Hein, Inhibit. Hold. Discou- 
 raf,'e. Deter. Dissuade, Restrain. Temper 
 Moderate. 
 
 Spurious, adj. Lat. spurivs. 
 
 >YN. Counterfeit. False. Adulterate. 
 Ungenuine. Bastard. Supposititious. In- 
 authentic. Groundless. Ascititious. 
 
 Ant. True, Genuine. Veritable. Un- 
 adulterated. Legitimate, Authentic. 
 
 Spy, v. tr. For espy, from 
 the Old Fr. cspier. 
 
 Stn. See. Discern. Discover. Kxplofs 
 \'ipvv. Inspett. 
 
 Ant. MIhs. Overlook. Mls«i.p)crA 
 Mliiobtierve. 
 
Sipiontjrm and Antonyms, 
 
 3t55 
 
 Spy, n. See verb. 
 
 Sth. Emissary. Detective. Scout. 
 Amt. Sentinel. Watchman. Wardpr. 
 Patrol. 
 
 Squalid, adj. Lat. squalidus, 
 from squalere, to he foul. 
 
 Syn. Foul. Dirty. Uiitended. Mucky. 
 Poverty-stricken. 
 
 Ant. Wholesome. Cleanly. Tended. 
 Trim. Tidy. 
 
 Stable, adj. Lat. stabilis, 
 from stare, to stand. 
 
 Stn. Firm. Established. Secure. Steady. 
 Constant. Unwavering. Durable. Lasting. 
 Perpetual. 
 
 Ant. Infirm. Tottering. Weak. In- 
 secure. Precarious. Inconstant. Waver- 
 ing. Frail. Transient. Ephemeral. Evan- 
 escent. Unstable. 
 
 Stagnant, adj. Lat. stagnum,, 
 standing water. 
 
 Stn Motionless. Currentless. Tideless. 
 [inflowing. Unclrculatlng. Lifeless. Qui- 
 escent. 
 
 Ant. Brisk. Flowing. Circulating. 
 Rapid. Lively. Agitated. Seething. Effer- 
 vescent, liestless. 
 
 Staid, adj. Strictly speaking 
 the part, passive of the verb to 
 stay. 
 
 Syn. Grave. Demure. Steady. Sober. 
 Sedate. 
 
 Ant. Unsteady. Flighty. Indiscreet. 
 Wanton. Insedate. Erratic. Eccentric. 
 Agitated. Discomposed. Ruffled. 
 
 Stain, v. tr. Abbrev. from 
 distain. Old Fr. destaindre, and 
 tills from the Lat. distingere. 
 
 Stn. Dye. Colour. Paint Blot. Soil. 
 Sully. Discolour. Tarnish. Taint Dis- 
 grace. Dishonour. Befoul. Blemish. Stig- 
 matize. 
 
 Ant. Purify. Wash. Cleanse. Absolve. 
 Ornament. Decorate. Emblawn. Signal- 
 ize. Honour. 
 
 Stalk, o. int. Ang. Sax. 
 stcp.lcan, to go sloivly, from sta;l, 
 high, erect. It then came to 
 signify secret movement, a sense 
 which is now obsolete. 
 
 Stn. Stride. Promenade. Parade. P«jCe. 
 March. 
 
 Ant. Sneak. Crawl. Grovel. Creep. 
 
 Stamp, n. G«rm. stamjfen, to 
 ttamp or heat. Hence from the 
 
 sense of impression used to 
 signify a common character. 
 
 Syn.* Genus. Kind. Description. Make. 
 Cast Mould. Character 'I'ypo. 
 
 Ant. Heterogeneity. Non-description. 
 
 Foriidei 
 
 Stanch, adj. Literally stopped 
 or stayed, and so firm. Of the 
 same der. as the verb to stanch. 
 Sp. estanco, stopped, water-tight, 
 in contradistinction to leaky, of 
 a ship. 
 
 Syn. Firm. Sliady. Constant, i-aith- 
 ful. Unswerving. Reliable. Steadfast. 
 
 Ant. Untrustworthy. Vacillating. Un- 
 sound. Unsteady. Unreliable. Treacherous. 
 Precarious. 
 
 Stand, v. int. Used as tran- 
 sitive in the colloquial sense of 
 Ito endure. A word which occurs 
 in varying forms in all the Indo- 
 European languages. 
 
 Syn. Rest. Remain. Stop. Be. E.xist. 
 
 Consist Hold. Continue. Endure. Pause 
 Halt. 
 
 Ant. Progress. Move. Proceed. Ad- 
 vance. Fall. Fail. Yield. Succumb. 
 Drop. Lie. Vanish. Fade. Run. De- 
 part. 
 
 Standard, n. Old. Fr. este»- 
 dard, Sp. tstandarte, It. stendardo^ 
 from Lat. extendere, to spread out. 
 Used in the sense of a raised 
 criterion or measure. 
 
 Syn. Measure. Gauge. Criterion. Tost 
 Type. Model. Scale. Plummet Truti- 
 nation. 
 
 Ant. Mismeasurement. Misrule. Mis- 
 adjustment Miscomparison. Inconformity. 
 Misfit. Inconmiensurateness. Non-cri- 
 terion. 
 
 Standing, n. See Stand. 
 
 Syn. Status. Position. Groimd. Dura 
 tion. Continuance. Footing. Stand-point. 
 Foundation. 
 
 Ant. Baselessness. Evanescence In- 
 security. Precariousness. 
 
 Starved, adj. Strictly part. 
 of the verb to starve. Ang. Sax. 
 steor/an, stearfiau. 
 
 Stn. Lean. Thin. Meagre. Attenuated 
 Emaciated, lli-fed. Ill-conditioned. 
 
 Ant. Fat. Pimp. WeU-cordltioned 
 Well-«Hl. 
 
366 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 State, v. tr. Lat. status, a 
 standing. To place a matter 
 upon the footing of a proposi- 
 tion. 
 
 Stn. Say. Declare. Propound. Aver. 
 Avow. Narrate. Recite. 
 
 Ant. Suppress. Repress. Suppose. 
 Imply. Unsay. Deny. Contradict. Re- 
 tract. 
 
 Stately, adj. See State. 
 
 Stn. Dignified. Imposing. Pompous. 
 Magnificent. Grand. 
 
 Ant. Undignified. Unimposing. Un- 
 Btately. Commonplace. Mean. 
 
 Station, n. Lat. statio, stare, 
 to stand. 
 
 Syn. standing. Post. Position. Office. 
 Situation. State. Rank. Location. 
 
 Ant. Dislodgment. Displacement. 
 
 Non-position. B^ectment. Non-location. 
 Removal. Departure. Locomotion. 
 
 Stationary, adj\ See Station. 
 
 Syn. Fixed. Immovable. Motionless. 
 Unalterable. 
 
 Ant. Movable. Unfixed. Migratory. 
 Removable. Changeable. Alterable. 
 
 Statute, n. Statutum, sta- 
 tuerej to enact. 
 
 Stn. Enactment Law. Act. Decree. 
 Ordinance. Legislation. Edict. 
 
 Ant. Custom. Conventionality. Pre- 
 scription. Use. Precedent Usage. 
 
 Stave, v. tr. From stave, 
 meaning staff. 
 
 Syn. Parry. Fend. Forefend. 
 Ant. Attract. Court Draw. Invoke. 
 Provoke. 
 
 Stay, v. tr. and int. See Stand. 
 
 Syn. Hold. Stop. Restrain. Withhold. 
 Arrest. Hinder. Delay. Obstruct. Sup- 
 port. Rest Repose. Remain. Halt 
 Abide. Wait Tarry. Confide, Trust 
 Lean. 
 
 Ant. Loose. Liberate. Send. Expedite. 
 Speed. Free. Accelerate. Hasten. Op- 
 press. Depress. Burden. FaiL Fall. 
 Proceed. Move. Depart Overthrow. 
 Mistrust 
 
 Steadfast, adj. Stead and 
 &st; that is, fast or strong in 
 place. 
 
 Syn. Firm. Rooted. Grounded. Fixed. 
 Established. Constant. Resolved. Stanch. 
 Resolute. 
 
 Aht. Infirm. Weak. Vacillating. Ca- 
 pricious. Uncertain. Irresolufce. Waver- 
 
 ing Dubioas. Half-hearted. Har^ 
 minded. 
 
 Steady, adj. See Steadfast, 
 Used of physical laws or opera- 
 tions and moral conduct. 
 
 Sin. Firm. Fixed. Constant. Uniform. 
 Equable. Regular. Undeviating. Well- 
 regulated. 
 
 Ant. Infirm. Variable. Unsteady. In- 
 constant Changeable. Wavering. Ill- 
 regulated. 
 
 Steal, v. tr. Ang. Sax. stelan, 
 stcelan, to take unlaw/idly in 
 secret. 
 
 Stn. Filch. Pilfer. Purloin. Swindle. 
 Peculate. Embezzle. Smuggle. 
 
 Ant. Rob. Plunder. Ravage. MaiAud 
 Sack. Pillage. 
 
 Steep, v. tr. Dutch and Germ. 
 stippen, to dip. 
 
 Syn. Dip. Soak. Immerse. Macerate. 
 Submerge. Drench. Imbue. 
 
 Ant. Air. Dry. Ventilate. Fan. Sun. 
 Aridify. Exsiccate. 
 
 Steep, adj'. Ang. Sax. stedp. 
 
 Syn. Abrupt. Precipitous. Elevated. 
 Inaccessible. Hilly. 
 
 Ant. Easy. Level. Undulating. Ac- 
 cessible. Gradual. 
 
 Step, n. Ang. Sax. stepe steep. 
 
 Syn. Advance. Pace. Remove. De- 
 gree. Gradation. Progression. Track. 
 Trace. Vestige. Walk. Gait. Proceed 
 ing. Action. Measure. 
 
 Ant. Retreat Recession. Halting. • 
 Station. Standing. Non-gi"aduation. Non- 
 progression. Stand-still. Stop. Trackless- 
 ness. Untraceableness. Non-impression. 
 Desinence. Desistance. Inaction. 
 
 Sterile, adj. Lat. sterilis. 
 
 Syn. Barren. Unfruitful. Unproductive. 
 Desert. Infertile. 
 
 Ant. Fruitful. Fertile. Productive. 
 Luxuriant Exuberant Cultivated. 
 
 Sterling, adj. A corruption 
 of Easterling, a foreign trader, as 
 coming from the East, as Den- 
 mark, and where money was oi 
 the purest quality; hence used 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Sound. Substantial. Oenuine. 
 Essential. Solid. 
 
 Ant. Fictitious. Ungenuine. Ascitl 
 tious. Specious. Pretentious. Ostensible 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 367 
 
 Stibn, adj. Aug. Sax. sterne, 
 ityrnc, allied to the Germ. 
 Starr, stiff, and the Eng. starJc. 
 
 Syn. Severe. Austere. Rigid. Unre- 
 lenting. Unyielding. Forbidding. 
 
 Ant. Lenient, Genial, Kindly, Easy. 
 Flexible. Encouraging. 
 
 Stiff, adf, Ang. Sax. stif. 
 Used physically and metaphori- 
 cally. 
 
 Sin. Unbending. Inflexible. Rigid, 
 Unpliant. Strong. Stubborn. Obstinate. 
 Pertinacious. Constrained. Affect<^d. 
 Starched, Formal. Ceremonious. Diffi- 
 cult. 
 
 Ant. Fliant. Flexible. Flaccid. Yield- 
 ing. Easy. Unaffected. Genial. Affable. 
 Unceremonious. 
 
 Stifle, v. tr. Apparently a 
 form of stive, to press together. 
 Conn, with the Icl. stifla, to re- 
 press, the Lat. stipare, and the 
 Gr. (TTii^eiv. 
 
 Syn. Choke. Throttle. Quench. Re- 
 press. Extinguish. Burke. 
 
 Ant. Ventilate. Discuss. Promulgate, 
 Propound. 
 
 Stigma, n. Gr. From the 
 verb (TTi^hv, to prick or brand. 
 
 Stn. Brand. Infamy. Disgrace, Blot. 
 Stain. 
 
 Ant, Decoration, Feather. Laurels. 
 Credit. Renown. 
 
 Stigmatize, v. tr. See Stigma. 
 
 Syn. Brand. Denounce. Reprobate. 
 Censure. 
 
 Ant. Panegyrize. Laud. Eulogize, 
 
 Still, adj. Ang, Sax. stille. 
 Expresses the negative of sound 
 and movement. 
 
 Syn. Quiet. Calm. Noiseless. Hushed. 
 Serene. Motionless, Stagnant. Peaceful. 
 Quiescent. Tranquil. Stationary. 
 
 Ant. Unquiet, Disturbed, Agitated. 
 Moved. Noisy. Resonant. Turbulent, 
 Moving. Transitional. 
 
 Stimulate, v. tr. Stimulare, 
 from stimulus, a goad. 
 Syn. See Spur. 
 
 Stingy, adj. Originally eager, 
 greedy, stimulated in the desire 
 of gaining, from sting. 
 
 Sth. Close. Avaricious. Mean. Niggarily. 
 Qoee-fifited. Hide-bound. Parsimom;«8, 
 
 Ant. Liberal. Generous. Large. Hand* 
 some. Lavish. Bountiful. Unsparing. 
 
 Stint, v. tr. Nor. stinta, tc 
 have enough. 
 
 Syn. Stop. Limit. Restrict. Bound. 
 Dole. 
 
 Ant. Lavish. J'our. Heap. Squandei 
 
 Stipendiary, adj. Lat. stips, 
 a contribution in money, and 
 pendere, to pay, 
 
 Syn. Paid. Remunerated. Compensated. 
 Hired. 
 
 Ant, Unpaid. Unremunerated. Vo- 
 luntary, Gratuitous, Honorary. 
 
 Stipulate, v. int. To agree 
 for a stips, or small coin. 
 
 Syn. Bargain. Agree. Contract. Cove- 
 nant. Engage. Condition 
 
 Ant. Retract. Decline. Refuse. Witt* 
 draw. Revoke. Disagree. Deprecate. 
 Protest. Recant. 
 
 Stir, v. tr. Ang. Sax. styrian. 
 
 Syn. Agitate. Incite. Instigate. JPrompt 
 Awaken. Stimulate. Animate. Arouse. 
 Excite. Provoke. Raise. RufiQe. 
 
 Ant. Soothe. Compose. Quiet. Allay. 
 Pacify. Still. Repress. Deaden. Tran- 
 quillize. 
 
 Stoical, adj. Showing the 
 quality of a stoical philosopher. 
 From the Gr. crroa, the colon- 
 nade, porch, or school of the 
 philosopher Zeno and his suc- 
 cessors. 
 
 Syn. Philosophical. Indifferent. Apa. 
 thetic. Phlegmatic. Patient. Inexcitable, 
 Imperturbable. 
 
 Ant. Sanguine. Excitable. Sensitive 
 Impatient. 
 
 Stolid, adj'. Lat. stdidus. 
 
 Stn. Stupid. Dull. Heavy. - Senseless 
 Mindless. Doltish. Unintelligent. 
 
 Ant:. Acute. Sensitive. Sagacious. 
 Quick. Clever. Bright. 
 
 Stop, v. tr. and int. Nor, 
 stappa, to stuff. 
 
 Syn. Close. Obstruct. Plug. Cork 
 Seal. Arrest. Suspend. End. Rest. Halt 
 Delay. Cease. Terminate. 
 
 Ant. Open. Expedite. Clear. Broach. 
 Unseal, Promote. Advance. Farther. 
 Continue. Proceed. Speed, Hasten, 
 
 Store, n. Old Fr. estoire. 
 Provision^!, and tho place ol 
 them. 
 
B68 
 
 ISynonymn and Antonyms. 
 
 Stii. JiCBsure. Treasury. Garner. 
 Provision. Supply. Fund. Accimulation, 
 Ammunition. Stock. 
 
 Ant. Emptiness. Ijack. Misprovision. 
 Failure. Exhaustion. Want. Expendi- 
 ture. Disposal. Consumption. 
 
 Stout, adj. Old Fr. estout, 
 estot. 
 
 Stn. Strong. Jjusty. Vigorous. Ro- 
 bust. Sturdy. Brawny. Corpulent. Re- 
 solute. Brave. Valiant. Redoubtable. 
 
 Akt. Weak. Debile. Frail. Attenuated. 
 Thin. Slender. Lean. Irresolute. Feeble. 
 Cowardly. Timid. 
 
 Straight, adj. Ang. Sax. 
 streht, part, of streccan, to 
 stretch. 
 
 Syk. Direct. Rectilinear. Undevlating. 
 Unswerving. Right, 
 
 Ant. Indirect. Winding. Incurved. 
 Tortuous. Skiuous. Serpentine. Circuitous. 
 \V^aving. Crooked. 
 
 Strain, v. tr. Old Fr. estram- 
 dre, Lat. stringere. 
 
 Syn. stretch. Tighten. Force. Exert. 
 Filter. Filtrate. Percolate. Depurate. 
 Clarify. Defecate. Lixiviate. 
 
 Ant. Jjoosen. Relax. Remit. Slacken. 
 Thicken. Incrassate. Inspissate. Befoul. 
 
 Strange, adj. Old Fr. estratige, 
 Lat. extraneus. 
 
 Syn. Foreign. Alien. Exotic. Un- 
 familiar. Unusual. Odd. Irregular. Ab- 
 nonnal. Exceptional. Surprising. Won- 
 derful. Marvellous. Astonishing. Un- 
 common. Peculiar. 
 
 Ant. Home. Domestic. Familiar. 
 Usual. Ordinary. Common. Regular. 
 Customary. Commonplace. Unsurprising. 
 Universal. General. 
 
 Stranger, v. See Strange. 
 
 SvN. Foreigner. Alien. 
 Ant. Countryman. Acquaintance. 
 
 PVicnd. 
 
 Stratagem, n. Gr. arparr}- 
 
 yr)fia, from arparrjye'i.p^ to lead ail 
 army. 
 
 Syn. Artifice. Tactics. Trick. Con- 
 trivance. Generalship. Manoeuvre. De- 
 vice. Machination. Plot. Plan. 
 
 Ant. Blunder. Defeat. Mismanoeuvre. 
 M i scoiitr i vance. M ismanagement 
 
 Stray, v. int. Old Fr. estrayer, 
 Lt. stravagare^ Low liat, extrava- 
 yare, for extra and vagari, to 
 wander. 
 
 Syn. Wander. Deviate. Err. Uepait 
 Rove. 
 
 Ant. Adhere. Abide. Stick. 
 
 Stream, n. Ang. Sax. stream. 
 
 Stn. Current. Course. Flow. Exit 
 Drift. Tide. 
 
 Ant. Stagnation. Deslstance. Arresta- 
 ticn. Station. Stand-stlU. Stillness. Halt- 
 ing. Cessation. Stopping. Interruption. 
 
 Strength, n. Ang. Sax 
 strengdhu, strengdho, from strenge, 
 strong. 
 
 Syn. Force. Vigour. Power. Solidity. 
 Security. Validity. Vehemence, Intensity, 
 Haixiness. Soundness. Nerve. Fibre 
 Sinew. 
 
 Ant. Weakness. Imbecility, Feeble- 
 ness, Insolidlty. Insecurity. Invalidity. 
 Frailty, Delicacy, Softness, Flimsiness. 
 Holk)wness. 
 
 Strengthen, v. tr. See 
 Strength. 
 
 Syn. Confirm. Establish. Fix. Corro- 
 borate. Secure. Invigorate. Fortify. 
 Increase. 
 
 Ant. Weaken. Disestablish. Shake 
 Loosen. Sap, Undermine, Debilitate 
 Diminish. 
 
 Strenuous, 'a?/. Lat. strenuus. 
 
 Stn. Strong. Resolute. Determined. 
 Earnest. Vigorous. 
 
 Ant. Weak. Irresolute. Undetermined, 
 Uneaniest. Debile. Feeble. Emasculate. 
 
 Stress, 7?. Abbrev. from dis- 
 tress. Old Fr. destress, from the 
 Lat. distringere, districtus. 
 
 Syn. Force", Strain. Weight Im- 
 portance. Pressure. Urgency. Emphasis, 
 
 Ant, Alleviation. Slightness. Light- 
 ness. Unimportance. Casualty. Touch 
 Triviality. 
 
 Stretch, v. tr. and ivt. Ang 
 Sax. streccan. 
 
 Syn. Extend. Expand. Spread. Strain. 
 Tighten. Reach. 
 
 Ant. Contract Fold. Curtail. Shrink. 
 Shorten. 
 
 Strict, odj. Lat. strictus, from 
 stringere, to draw or strain. Ap- 
 plied to character and considera- 
 tions. 
 
 Syn. Close. Exact. Accurate, Rigorous 
 Severe. 
 
 Ant. Loose. Inexact. Inar-cnrat* 
 Lenient Mild. Indulgent. Lax 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 369 
 
 SiurJTUBK, n. See Strict. Ad- 
 verse criticism. 
 
 SrN. Censure. Reprobation. Dispraise. 
 Blame. Reprehension. 
 
 Ant. Praise. Commendation. Eulogy. 
 Compliment 
 
 Strife, n. Old Fr. estrif. 
 
 Syn. Struggle. Contention. Contest. 
 
 Quarrel. Emulation. Animosity. 
 
 Ant. Good-wilL Peace. Amity. Friend- 
 liness. 
 
 Strike, v. tr. and int. Ang. 
 Sax. strtcan. Used in very many 
 analogous senses, of which the 
 most common are — 
 
 Srw. Smite. Impel. Stamp. Impress. 
 Penetrate. Insert. Drive. Lower. Startle. 
 Surprii>e. Collide. Touch. 
 
 ANl. Smooth. Soothe. Caress. Pat. 
 Stroke. Efface. Levigate. Withdraw. 
 Raise. Hoist Calm. Graze. Escape. 
 Avoid. Pass. 
 
 Strip, v. tr. Ang. Sax. strypan. 
 It is applied both to the divest- 
 ment and the thing divested. 
 
 Stn. Direst. Denude. Bare. Dis- 
 mantle. Disencumber. Flay. Fleece. Rob. 
 
 Ant. Invest. Endow. Clothe. Enrich. 
 Compensate. 
 
 Strive, v. int. Old Fr. edri- 
 ver. 
 
 Stn. Labour. Endeavour. Struggle. 
 Contend. Vie. 
 
 Ant. Relax. Surrender. Succumb. 
 Submit. Yield. Withdraw. 
 
 Strong, udj. Ang. Sax. stmny, 
 strong, strenge, from the root of 
 
 Stk. Powerful. Vigorous. Solid. Secure. 
 Fortified. Forcible. impetuous. Hale. 
 Sound. Robust. Cogent. influential. 
 Zealous. Potent. Pungent. Musculai 
 Hardy. Stanch. Tenacious. 
 
 Ant. Powerless. Weak. Frail. Inse- 
 cure. Defenceless. Feeble. Mild. Calm. 
 Gentle. Delicate. Sickly. Inefiicacious. 
 Unsatisfactory. Unconvincing. Unim- 
 pressive. Vapid. Impotent. Unavailing. 
 Lukewarm. Debile. Flaccid. Nerveless. 
 Tender. Moderate. Indifferent. 
 
 Stbuoturk,w. Lat. slructura, 
 from struere, to lay or build. It 
 IS used for the process and its 
 result. 
 
 Snr. Construction. Erectloa Building;. 
 
 CoDstitutioQ. Oonstitnency. OrgantzAtlon 
 
 Edifice. Composition. Texture. 
 
 Ant. Destruction. Subversion. Demo- 
 lition. Disorganization. Analysis. De- 
 composition. Resolution 
 
 Struggle, v. int. Old Swed. 
 stritg, a quarrel. See Strive. 
 
 Struggle, n. See verb. 
 
 Strut, v. int. Dan. strutte, to 
 swell. See Stride. 
 
 Stubborn, adj. Old Eng. 
 Conn, with Stub and Stump. 
 
 Stn." Tough. Unbending. Unyieidiug, 
 Hard. Obstinate. Intractable. Obdurate. 
 Headstrong. Refractory. Heady. Con- 
 tumacious. Pig-headed. 
 
 Aht. Docile. Tractable. Manageable 
 Pliant. PUable. Malleable. Flexible. 
 
 Studious, adj. Lat. studiosus, 
 from studere, to be desirous. 
 
 Stk. Literary. Diligent. l^sirous. 
 Attentive. Careful. Thoughtful. 
 
 Aht. Unliterary. Illiterate. Idle. In- 
 dulgent. Careless. Regardless. Indifferent. 
 Inattentive. Negligent. Thoughtless. 
 
 Study, h. Lat. studium. 
 
 Syn. Application. liCaming. Medita- 
 tion. Diligence. Consideration. Thought. 
 Contemplation. Care. Endeavour. Re- 
 search. Intention. Purpose. 
 
 Ant. Indiligence. Idleness. lUiterate- 
 ness. Thoughtlessness. Fase. Indifference. 
 Carelessness. Unstudiousness. Negligence. 
 
 Stuh, V. tr. Ang. ^o.^. stunian , 
 but prob. conn, with the Lat. 
 attonare, attonitus, stunned^ as 
 if thunderstruck. 
 
 Syn. Confound: Bewilder. Dumb- 
 founder. Astonish. Stupefy. Overwhelm. 
 Overpower. Electrify. 
 
 Ant. Encourage. Animate. Inspirit 
 Reassure. 
 
 Stupendous, adj. Lat. stupere, 
 to be astonished. 
 
 Syn. Amazinji; Overwhelming. A*- 
 tounding. 
 
 Ant. Oidinary. Unimposing. 
 
 Stupid, mIj. Lat. stupiduSj 
 
 stupere, to be astonished. 
 
 Sth. Dull. Senseless. Stolid. DolUiVi 
 Besotted. Insensate. 
 
 Ant. Quick. Sharp. Bright. Sensible. 
 Sagacious. Penetrating. Clever. 
 
 Sturdy, adj. Tliis word has 
 2 B 
 
370 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 wandered very widely from its 
 etymological meaning. Old Fr. 
 estourdi,part.oi\hQ verb estourder, 
 to stun or amaze, and so motion- 
 less; but now able to stand 
 firmly by physical strength. 
 
 Stn. \\'eU-6et. Thick-set. Strong. 
 Stout. 
 
 Ant. Lank. Weak. Ill-set. Lean. 
 
 Fragile. Weakly. 
 
 Suavity, n. Lat. suavitas, 
 suavis, suave. 
 
 Stk. Mildness. Softness. Pleasantness. 
 Gentleness. Affability. Courtesy. Con- 
 ciliatoriness. Complaisance. 
 
 Ant. Roughness. Harshness. Rude- 
 ness. Haughtiness. Superciliousness. 
 Pride. Hauteur. Moroseness. Austerity. 
 
 Subdue, v. fr. Old Fr. suh- 
 (liiyer, from the Lat. subducere, to 
 lead or bring under. 
 
 Stn. Conquer. Reduce. Overpower. 
 Break. Tame. Quell. Subjugate. 
 
 Ant. Aggrandize. Exalt. Fortify, 
 strengthen. Empower. Liberate. En- 
 franchise. 
 
 SuBJKCT, adj. Lat. subjedus, 
 part, of subjicere, to be under. Of 
 old used of physical situation, 
 now only in a metaphorical 
 sense. 
 
 Stn. Subordinate. Subservient. Ex- 
 posed. Liable. Prone. Disposed. Ob- 
 noxious. Amenable. 
 
 Ant. Superior. Independent. Exempt. 
 Indisposed. Unliable. Unamenable. 
 
 Subjective, adj^ See Sub^'ect. 
 Dependent on or derived trom 
 one's own consciousness, and in- 
 dependent of the external, or 
 sometimes regarded not in itself, 
 but as entertained by the mind. 
 
 Stn. Mental. Internal. Intellectual. 
 Ant. External. Objective. 
 
 Subjugate, v. tr. Lat. subju- 
 ijare, to brin<), sub jugo, under the 
 yoke. See Subdue. 
 
 Sublimate, v. tr. Lat. suhli- 
 mare, from sublimis, sublime. 
 
 Stk. Vaporize. Refine. Heighten. 
 Iklevate. 
 
 AST. Solidify. Crystallize. Indurate. 
 
 Coarsen. 
 Lower. 
 
 Worsen. Degrade. Deprste 
 
 Sublime, adj. Lat. sublimif 
 Used by poets in the sense of 
 physical elevation. 
 
 Stn. Raised. Exalted. Tx)fty. Eminent. 
 
 Grand. Stately. High. Noble. Majestic. 
 Glorious. Magnificent. 
 
 Ant. Low. I)epressed. Unexalted. 
 
 Inconspicuous. Unimposing. Ordinary. 
 
 Mean. Ignoble. Inglorious. Base. Ridi 
 culous. 
 
 Submerge, v. tr. Lat. sub' 
 mergere, to sink. 
 
 Stn. Drown. Plunge. Sink. Steep. 
 Immerse 
 
 Ant. Raise. Extricate. Educe. 
 
 Submission, n. Lat. submissio, 
 submittere, to submit. 
 
 Stn. Yielding. Surrender. Inferiority. 
 Dependence. Meekness. Resignation. 
 Patience. Acquiescence. 
 
 Ant. Resistance. Insurrender. Insub- 
 ordination. Independence. Antagonism. 
 Self-assertion. Impatience. 
 
 Submissive, adj. See Sub- 
 mission. 
 
 Stn. Obedient. Compliant. Yielding. 
 Obsequious. Subservient. Humble. Mo- 
 dest. Passive. Acquiescent. 
 
 Ant. Disobedient. Incompliant. Un- 
 yielding. Inobsequious. Reoalcitrant. 
 Refractory. Proud. Resistcnt. Renitent. 
 Malcontent. Recusant. 
 
 Submit, v. tr. and int. See 
 Submission. 
 
 Stn. Yield. Resign. Surrender. Refer, 
 ft-opose. Suggest. Present. Acquiesce. 
 Succumb. 
 
 Ant. Recalcitrate. Oppose. Resist. 
 Object. Withdraw. Resume. Rescue. 
 Itecover. Vindicate. Retain. Reserve 
 Hold. Keep. Contend. 
 
 Subordinate, adj. Lat. sub 
 and ordinare, to order or arrange. 
 See Subject. 
 
 Subscribe, v. tr. Lat. sidh- 
 scribere, to write under. Used in 
 tlie sense of to record or exprcrw<3 
 an opinion ; followed sometimes 
 by the prep. to. 
 
 Stn. Affirm. Maintain. Support. Vjo- 
 dorse. Assent. 
 
 Aht. Deny. Disavow. HcpaiUte. Pro 
 
 t£St. '■•'■■ - '■• ' 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 371 
 
 Sdbskqitbnt, adj. Suhsequens, 
 part, of suhs§qui, to follow upon. 
 
 Stn. Posterior. Later. Following. 
 After. 
 
 Ant. Prior. Former. Earlier. Precedent* 
 Anterior. 
 
 Subservient, adj. Lat. suh- 
 serviens, part, of suhservire, to 
 serve under. See Subject. 
 
 Subsidence, w. Jjatsubsidentia, 
 siihsidere, to settle down. 
 
 Stn. Settlement. Sinking. Retreat. 
 Refluence. Ebb. Decrease. 
 
 Ant. Rising. Affluence. Flow. Inun- 
 dation. Agitation. Swelling. Intumescence. 
 Increase. 
 
 Subsidiary, adj. Lat. suhsi- 
 dium, help. 
 
 Stn. Assistant. Ancillary. Helpful. 
 Adjuvant. Conducive. Favourable. Pro- 
 motive. Adminicular. Corroborative, 
 'i'ending. 
 
 Ant. Opponent. Obstructive. Preventa- 
 tive. Inconducive. Unfavourable. Re- 
 tardative. Subversive. Counteractive.' 
 
 Subsist, v. int. Lat. suhsistere, 
 to he. 
 
 Syn. Be. Live. Continue. Exist. 
 Ant. Fail. Starve. Decay. Die. 
 
 Substantial, adj. Lat. sub- 
 stantia, sHhsta7ice. 
 
 Syn. Existing. Real. Solid. True. 
 Coii)oreal. Material. Strong. Stout. 
 
 Ant. Imaginary. Unreal. Insubstantial. 
 Fictitious. Supposititious. Incorporeal. 
 Chimerical. Visionary. Immaterial. Weak. 
 Frail. Airy. Disembodied. Spiritual. 
 Ghostly. 
 
 Substitute, v. tr. Lat. suhsti- 
 tuere. 
 
 Stn. Exchanso. Commute. Represent. 
 Replace. Supply. Depute. 
 
 Ant. Retain. Fix. Continue. Per- 
 petuate. Stabilitate, Establish. 
 
 Subterfuge, //. Low Lat. 
 s>d)terfiigium, from subter, iinder, 
 Vilxdfugere, to flee or escape. 
 
 Stk. Shift. Evasion. Artifice. Dodge. 
 Underhandpiiness. Sophistry. 
 
 Ant. Assertion. I*romuIgation. Chal- 
 lenge. Exhibition. Manifestation. Open- 
 handedness. Frankness. Daylight. Vindi- 
 cation 
 
 SuBTiur., adj. Lat. subtiUs, 
 tuh^ Huder or slightly, and tela, a 
 
 web. Literally anything finely 
 woven. Subtle (which see) has 
 the same der., though diflferently 
 applied. 
 
 Stn. Fine. Thin. Rare. Delicate. 
 Nice. Acute. 
 
 Ant. Coarse. Thick. Gross. Crasa. 
 Dense. 
 
 Subtle, adj. See Subtile. 
 
 Stn. Sly. Artful. Cunning. Insinuat- 
 ing. Astute. Nice. Discriminating. Fine. 
 Shrewd. Sophistical. Jesuitical. 
 
 Ant. Open. Frank. Honest. Artless. 
 Undiscriminating. Rough. Blunt. Un- 
 disceming. Unsophisticated. Simple. 
 
 Subtract, v. tr. Lat. sub- 
 trakere, tractus. Used in the pe- 
 culiar sense of taking furtively. 
 
 Stn. Withdraw. Remove. Deduct. 
 Take. 
 
 Ant. Add. Import, Adduce. Give, 
 Bring. 
 
 Suburbs, n. Lat. suburbium, 
 from sub, about, and urbs, a city. 
 
 Stn. Precincts. Purlieus. Confines. 
 P]nvirons. 
 
 Ant. Centre. Heart. Citadel, Aero, 
 polls. 
 
 Subvert, v. tr. Lat. subvertere, 
 to turn over. 
 
 Stn. Overturn. Overthrow. Destroy. 
 
 Ant. SLabilitate. Perpetuate. Con- 
 serve. 
 
 Succeed, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 succedere, to come up. Afterwards 
 used in the secondary sense of 
 coming up with, or attaining to 
 the object of one's endeavours. 
 
 Syn. Follow. Supervene. Prosper. 
 Ant. Precede. Anticipate. Fail. 
 
 Success, n. See Succession; 
 but used in the secondary sense 
 i of succeed. 
 
 i Syn. Achitvement. Consummation 
 Prosperity. Victory. Good-fortune. 
 
 Ant, Failure. Defeat. Disaster. Rum, 
 
 ' Succession, ;/. Lat. successio. 
 
 I S-e Succeed, The coming up of 
 
 ' one point of time or any one 
 
 thing upon another, but more 
 
 commonly of more than two. 
 
 Syn. Following. Supervention, Cons? 
 cution. Sequence. Order. Series. COa 
 tinuity. Supply. Suite. 
 
 2©S 
 
372 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Airr. Precedence. Anticipation. Pre- 
 tention. Antecedence. Irregularity. Dis- 
 order. Non-sequence. Solutiw. Failure. 
 Intermission. Break. Gap, Inconsecutive- 
 Dess. 
 
 Succinct, adj. Lat. succinct us, 
 suh and cingere, to gird. Lite- 
 rally girt up, and so contracted. 
 
 Stn. Brief. Close. Concise. Terse. 
 Compendious. Condensed. 
 
 Akt. Prolix. Diffuse. Discursive. Cir- 
 ^itous. Circumlocutory. 
 
 Succour, v, tr. Lat. succurrere, 
 sab, under or tip to, and currere, 
 to run. To run to the help of. 
 
 Syn. Aid. Support. Console. Comfort. 
 Help. Assist Relieve. 
 
 Ant. Distress. Oppress. Maltreat. In- 
 jure. Tliwart. Burden. Persecute. Hurt. 
 
 Succumb, v. int. Lat. succum- 
 here, sub, under, and cumbers, to 
 lie down. It is used both of 
 voluntary and involuntary sur- 
 render. 
 
 Syn. Surrender. Submit. Acquiesce. 
 Yield. Sink. Resign. 
 
 Ant. Resist. Rise. Contend. Battle. 
 Fight. Surmount 
 
 Sudden, adj. Lat. subitaneus. 
 Old Fr. sodain,sotidain,soubdain. 
 Ang. Sax. soden. 
 
 Stn. Unanticipated Unexpected. Ab- 
 rupt. 
 
 Ant. Gradual. Expected. Transitional. 
 Slow. Premonished. Anticipated. 
 
 Supper, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 suferre, sub and fero, I bear. 
 When it is used intransitively, in 
 the sense of to be in pain, tlic 
 word pain is to be understood. 
 
 SvN. Bear. Endure. Sustain. Support 
 Permit Allow. Admit Tolerate. Ex- 
 (jerieuce. 
 
 Ant. Resist. Repel. Expel. Reject 
 ^*isallow. Repudiate. Forbid. Ignore. 
 
 Sufferance, n. See Suffer. 
 
 Syn. Toleration. Permission. Eiidur- 
 Jkwe. Mode7atii)n. Self-control. Long- 
 suffering. Patience. 
 
 Ant. Prohibition. Resistance. Non- 
 endurance. Inip;Uience. Insubniission, 
 
 Sufficient, adj. liat. suffi- 
 ".tf^na^ pari, of sufficere. \ 
 
 Stn. Adequate. Equal. Competent 
 Qualified. Adapted. Suited. IiAoi:gtt 
 Ample. 
 
 Ant. Inadequate. Unequal. Incompe- 
 tent Unqualified. Unadapted. Insuffl* 
 clent. Unsuited. Meagre. Bare. Scanty, 
 Short. Deficient 
 
 Suggest, v. tr. Lat. suggerere, 
 gestus, sub, under, and gerere, to 
 carry. 
 
 Syk. Hint Insinuate. Recommend. 
 Intimate. 
 
 Ant. Declare. Propound. Enunciate. 
 Insist Demand. Dictate. 
 
 Suit, v. tr. and int. Fr. suite, 
 from suivre, to follow, Lat. sequi, 
 Eng. sequence. 
 
 Syn. Fit Adapt. Match. Adjust 
 Harmonize. Apportion. Befit. Beseem. 
 Tally. Correspond. Answer. Comport. 
 
 Ant. Misfit. Misadapt. Mismatch, 
 Misapportion. Unbeseem. Vary. Differ. 
 Disagree. Misconiport 
 
 Suitable, adf. See Suit. 
 
 Stn. Proper. Fitting. Becoming. De- 
 cent. Convenient Accordant. Compe- 
 tent Correspondent Harmonious. Uni- 
 form. Homogeneous. 
 
 Ant. Improper. Unfitting, Unbecom- 
 ing, Indecent Inconvenient Inaccordant 
 Incompetent, Discordant, Various. He- 
 terogeneous, Unsuitivble. 
 
 Suite, n. See Suit and Suc- 
 cession. Used also in the special 
 sense of retinue. 
 
 Sulky, adj. Ang. Sax, seolcan, 
 to grow feeble. 
 
 Stn, Sullen, Gloomy. Splenetic, 
 
 Akt. Genial, Kindly, 
 
 Sullen, adj. Old Eng. solein, 
 solain, as if from the word solanus^ 
 from solus, solitary. 
 
 8t», Gloomy, Heavy, Dismal. Fore- 
 boding, '^ulky. Moody. Lowering. Cheer- 
 less. 
 
 Abt; ^ht. Light Cheerful. Favour- 
 able. Genial. Kindly. Glad. Gladsome. 
 BlitJ • 
 
 S^LLY, V. tr. Fr. souiller,y7iih 
 which the Eng. soil, in the sense 
 of the same, is connected. Used 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Syn, Soil. Efface!. Taint, Tarnisk 
 Spot. Stain. Spoil. Disgrace. Dishonour 
 
 Ant. Purify. Cleanse. Ennoble. H( 
 nour. Dignify, Signa'iz^. Glorify. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 373 
 
 SuLTaY, adj. Corrupted from 
 Bweltry, as swcU is from the 
 Sax. swdtan, to fail, sink. 
 
 Stn. Close. Oppressive. Depressing. 
 
 Ant. Open. Fresh. Invigorating. Brac- 
 ing. Elastia Exlillarating. Breezy. 
 
 Sum, n. Old Fr. sume, some. 
 New Fr. somme, from the Lat. 
 summa, summus, for supremus, 
 the top. 
 
 Syn. Aggregate. Amount. Quantity. 
 Collection. Substance. Gist. Tenour. 
 Height Completion. Drift. Bearing. 
 
 Ant. Part. Portion. Item. Imperfec- 
 tion. Incompleteness. Miscalculation. Mis- 
 iuterpretation. 
 
 Summary, adj. Summarius, 
 summa, a sum, a winding up. 
 Eapidly winding up. 
 
 Syn. Compendious. Short. Ofif-hand. 
 Decisive. Quick. Sharp. Unceremonious. 
 Informal. Rapid- Concise. 
 
 Ant. Tedious. Circuitous. Koundabout 
 Protracted. Formal. Ceremonious. Punc- 
 tilious. Slovsr. 
 
 Summary, n. See verb. 
 
 Stn. Analysis. I'abulatlon. Conipei\- 
 ilium. Precis. Abstract. 
 
 Ant. Dilatation. ibtpansion. Dilu- 
 tion. 
 
 Summit, n. Fr. sommet, Lat. 
 summus, highest. 
 
 Stn. Top. Height. Apex. Culmina- 
 tion. Zenith. 
 
 Ant. Bottom. Depth. Base. Foot. 
 Nadir. 
 
 Summon, v. tr. Old Fr. semo- 
 ner, semoiidre, from the Lat. sum- 
 monere, sub and monere, to ad- 
 monish. 
 
 Stn, Call. Cite. Challenge. Convene. 
 Convoke. Invite. Bid. 
 
 Ant. Discharge. Remit. Relegate. 
 8en(i. Disband. Prorogue. Dissolve. Dis- 
 card. Dismiss. 
 
 Sumptuous, adj. Lat. sumptus. 
 expenditure. Procured at or ex- 
 hibiting great expense. 
 
 Syn-. Costly. Gorgeous. Splendid. 
 Expensive. Magnilicent. Prodigal. Lavish. 
 Munificent. 
 
 Ant. Poor. Mean. Inexpensive. Sor- 
 did. Niggardly. Economical. Illiberal. 
 B«gg»rly. Frugal. Parsimonious. Saving 
 
 Super ABLE, adj. Lat. nupent- 
 hilis, from supcrare (super), to 
 overcome. 
 
 Stn. Feasible. Possible. Manageabla. 
 Surountable. 
 
 Ant. Insuperable. Indomitable. In- 
 vincible. Unmanageable. Impossible, in- 
 surmountable. 
 
 Superabundant, adj. Lat. 
 super and abundant. See Abun- 
 dant. 
 
 Superannuated, adj. Lat. 
 super annos, beyond the years, i.e., 
 of service. 
 
 Stn. Effete. Time-worn. Decrepit. 
 Passe. 
 
 Ant. Vigorous. Energetic. Active. 
 Efficient. 
 
 Superb, adj. Lat. superius. 
 
 Stn. Grand. Magnificent. August. 
 Stately. Gorgeous. 
 
 Ant. Mean. Common. Commonplace. 
 Unimposing. Shabby. 
 
 Supercilious, adj. Lat. su- 
 p)ercilium, tlte cyehroiv, as knit- 
 ting the eyebrows in pride. 
 
 Stn. Haughty. Contemptuous. Dis- 
 dainful. Arrogant. Insolent. 
 j Ant. Affable. Courteous. Respectful. 
 ; Modest. Bashful. 
 
 j Supererogation, n. Super, 
 ahove, and erogare, to require. 
 I That which in conduct is over 
 1 and above what is needful or 
 I due, and so sometimes used in 
 the sense of Heedlessness. 
 
 Stn. Superfluity. Excess. Superabund- 
 ance. Supervacancousness. Needlessness. 
 
 Ant. Necessity. Unjiroiltableness. Duty. 
 Shortcoming. Deficiency. 
 
 Superficial, adj. Lat. super- 
 Jicics, the surface. Near the sur- 
 face or on the surface, whcthei 
 literally or motapborically. 
 
 Stn. Light. Slight. Imperfect. Dial- 
 low. Smattering. Skin-deep. 
 
 Ant. Deeii. Prof(jund. Abstruse. Re- 
 condite. Accurate. Kxact. Deep-seated. 
 
 Superfluity, adj. Lat. super ^ 
 above, and fiurn^, to flouu 
 
 Stn. Redundance. NeedlessaeM. K-i 
 pererogatimi. ricMiasni. K.xcr^s. 
 
374 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 Art. Necessity. Necessary. Require^ 
 oient. Scantiness. Slioi-tcomlnK. Defi- 
 ciency 
 
 SuPEUHUMAN, adj. Super, above, 
 and humunus, liuman. Beyond 
 the nature or ordinary power of 
 man. 
 
 Syn. Supernatural. Miraculous. Di- 
 vine. Hypi'rpt)ysical. Pretcrnattiral. 
 
 Ant. Natural. Human. Physical. Un- 
 miraculous. 
 
 SUPEEINTENDENT, n. Lat. 
 
 aaperintendens, from super, above, 
 and intendere, to heed or inspect. 
 
 Syn. Inspector. Overseer. Controller. 
 Director. Manager. Visitor. Head. Prin- 
 cipaL Supervisor. 
 
 Ant. Subject. Subordinate. Servant. 
 l<]niploy^e. 
 
 Superior, adj. Lat. superior, 
 comparative of superus, from su- 
 per, above. 
 
 Stn. Higher. Upper. Better. Loftier. 
 Excellent. Remarkable. Eminent. Con- 
 spicuous. 
 
 Ant. Inferior. Lower. Worse. Subor- 
 dinate. Ordinary. Common. Unremark- 
 able. Average. Mean. Mediocre. 
 
 SuPERLATiva, adj. Lat. super- 
 lativas, from superlatus, part, of 
 superferre, to bear beyond. 
 
 Stn. Supreme. Transcendent. Surpass- 
 ing. Consummate. Extraordinary. 
 
 Ant. Common. Ordinary. Unremark- 
 able. 
 
 Supernal, adj. Lat. supyernus, 
 from super, above. 
 
 Syn. Celestial. Heavenly. 
 
 Ant. TerrestrlaL Eiirthly. Infernal. 
 Lower. Sublunary. 
 
 Supernatural, adj. Lat. su- 
 per naturam, above nature. See 
 Superhuman. 
 
 Supersede, v. tr. Lat. super- 
 sedere. In the sense of to omit 
 or desist from. 
 
 Syn. Remove. Displace. Obviate. Re- 
 caL Neutralize. Overrule. Suspend. 
 
 Ant. Confirno. Perpetuate. Continue. 
 Introduce. Supply. 
 
 Superstition, n. Lat super- 
 stitio, from superstare, a standing 
 
 over a thing as in terror or amaze- 
 ment. Hence, excessive awe or 
 dread of the Divine or super- 
 natm-al. 
 
 Stn. Bigotry. Fanaticism. 
 
 Ant, Infidelity. Scepticism. Disbelief. 
 Rationalism. Religion. Devotion. Wor- 
 ship. Reason, 
 
 Supervacaneous, adj. Super, 
 above, and vacuus, void. See Su- 
 X)erfluity. 
 
 Supervene, v. int. Super and 
 venio, to come. 
 
 Syn. Happen. Accrue. Succeed. Occur. 
 
 Ant. Pass. Depart. Disappear. Va- 
 nish. 
 
 Supervise, v. tr. Lat. super 
 and visere, the freq. of videre, to 
 inspect. 
 
 Syn. Superintend. Control. Manage. 
 Direct. Visit. Inspect. Overlook. 
 
 Ant. Mismanage. Miscontrol. Misre- 
 gulate. Misdirect. 
 
 Supine, adj. Lat. supinus, Jy- 
 i;ng on the back ; hence, careless. 
 
 Syn, Lazy, Indolent. Indifferent, Care- 
 less. Sluggish. Otiose. Torpid, ' 
 
 Ant. Active. Energetic. Laborious. 
 Diligent. Indefatigable. 
 
 Supple, adj. Fr. souple, Lat. 
 supplex, sub, under, and pUcare, 
 to fold, bending the knees. 
 
 Stn. Pliant. Bending. Yielding. 
 Flexible. Elastic. Servile. Fawning. 
 Cringing. Adulatory. Sycophantic. 
 
 Ant. Firm. Unbending. Unyielding. 
 Stiff. Stubborn. inflexible. Inelastic. 
 Independent. Self-assertive. Supercilious. 
 
 Supplicate, v. tr. Lat. See 
 Supple. 
 
 Stn. Pray. Beg. Entreat. Implore 
 
 Solicit. Crave. Importune. 
 
 Ant. Order. Command. Insist Die 
 tate. Demand. 
 
 Supply, v. tr. Lat. supplerc. 
 
 Stn. Furnish. Afford. Provide. Yield. 
 Contribute. 
 
 Ant. Expend. Use. Consume. Waste. 
 Exhaust. Absorb. Demand. Withhold. 
 Withdraw. Retain. 
 
 Support, v. tr. Lat. sub and 
 portare, to carry. 
 
 Stn. Bear. Uphold. Sustain. Main- 
 tain. Continue. <}oant»;nance. I'atToniu 
 
Synonyms and Antonyrm. 
 
 375 
 
 :>ut«Wu.p. Kelp. Back. Stay. Favour. 
 Proj). 
 
 Ant. Drop. Betray. Surrender. Aban- 
 don, Discontinue. Oppose. Discourage. 
 Weaken. Exhaust. Thwart. Discounte- 
 nance. Disfavour. Subvert. Suppress. 
 
 Support, n. See verb. 
 
 Suppose, v. tr. Lat. suppo- 
 nere, to place under. 
 
 Stn. Assume. Presume. Believe. Ima- 
 gine. Imply. Presuppose. Conjecture. 
 Guess. Conclude. Judge. Consider. 
 
 Ant. Prove. Demonstrate. Substan- 
 tiate. Realize. Disbelieve. Negative. 
 l>eny. 
 
 Supposititious, adj. See Sup- 
 pose. Falsely placed under, 
 substituted, or supposed. 
 
 Syn. P'ictitious. Ascltitioua. Adven- 
 titious. Spurious. Counterfeit. Fancied. 
 Imaginary. 
 
 Ant. True. Genuine. Authentic. Ve- 
 ritable. Actual. Real. 
 
 Suppress, v. tr. Lat. suppri- 
 mere, pressus, from sub, under, 
 and premere, to press. 
 
 Stn. Overpower. Extinguish. Subdue. 
 Quell. Crush. Destroy. Restrain. Con- 
 ceal. Hush. Stop. Smother. 
 
 Ant. Raise. Support. Fan. Excite. 
 Strengthen. Incite. Instigate. Increase. 
 Aggravate. Vent. Publish. Promulgate. 
 Spread. Disseminate. Intensify. 
 
 SuppRESSiBLK, adj. See Sup- 
 press. 
 
 Stn. Extinguishable. Restrainable. 
 Ant. Inextinguishable. Irres trainable. 
 Irrepressible. Indomitable. 
 
 Supremacy, n. Fr. suprema- 
 tie, Lat. supremus. 
 
 Syn. Sovereignty. Non-subjection. 
 Lordship. Autocracy. 
 
 Ant. Inferiority. Subordination. Sub- 
 jection. 
 
 Supreme, adj. See Supre- 
 macy. 
 
 Sure, adj. Old Fr. seiir, segur, 
 from the Lat. securus, se, without, 
 and cura, care. 
 
 Syn. Certain. Knowing. Believing. 
 Confident. Trusting. Unquestioning. Po- 
 sitive. Unfailing. Strong. Permanent 
 Abiding, Endurmg. Infallible. Indis- 
 putable, Vast. 
 
 Aht. Uncertain. Ignorant. Dubious. 
 DoubtfiL Hesitating. Distrustful. Ques- 
 
 tioning. Vacillating. Weak. Untrust- 
 worthy. Precarious, Insecure. Imperrca. 
 nent. Transient. Evanescent, Fallible. 
 Disputable. Loose, 
 
 Surfeit, ji. Old Fr. surf ait, 
 sorfait, from sur, Lat. super, oveVy 
 and/aiVe, Lat. /acere, to do. 
 
 Syn. Superabundance. Excess. Gla^ 
 Nimiety. Plethora. 
 
 Ant. Scantiness. Stint. Defect. Star- 
 vation. Inanition. InsuflBciency. 
 
 Surmount, v. tr. Fr. sur, for 
 Lat. super and monter, to mount. 
 See Succumb. 
 
 Surmountable, adj. See Sur- 
 mount. 
 
 Surpass, v. tr. Fr. surpasser. 
 
 Syn. Eclipse. Outvie. Excel. Outstrip. 
 Outstep. 
 
 Ant. Fail. Foil. Equal. 
 
 Surplus, n. For superplus, 
 
 from super, above, and plus, more. 
 
 Syn. Redundancy. Remainder. Balance. 
 
 Ant. Deficiency. Deficit, Shortcoming. 
 
 Surprise, v. tr. Fr. surpren- 
 dre, Lat. super and prehendere. 
 
 Syn. Startle. Astonish. 
 
 Ant. Prepare. Premonish. Forewarn. 
 
 Surprise, n. See verb. 
 
 Surrender, v. tr. and int Fr, 
 surrendre, Lat. sub and reddere. 
 
 Syn. Yield. Submit. Resign. 
 
 Ant. Withhold. Vindicate. Retain. 
 Resist. Contend. Strive. 
 
 Surreptitious, adj. Lat. suh 
 and rapere, to snatch. 
 
 Syn. Stealthy. Furtive. Fraudulent 
 Underhanded. Clandestine 
 
 Ant. Open. Openhauded. Frank. 
 Honest. Ingenuous. 
 
 Survey, v. tr. Old Fr. sur- 
 veoir, surveir, surveer, sorvoiVf 
 Lat. super and videre, to see. 
 
 Syn. Scan. View. Inspect. Review- 
 Contemplate. 
 
 Ant. Ignore. Miss. Disregard. Mift-, 
 observe. Misview. Overlook. 
 
 Susceptible, adj. Lat. suscep" 
 tibilis, suscipere, sub and capere^ 
 to receive. 
 
 Syn. Capable. Impressible. ScnHJtivft 
 Ant. Incapable. UnimpresdKe. l:i»w> 
 siiive. Insusceptible. Impaislble. 
 
.376 
 
 Synonyms ana Antonyms. 
 
 SueoiTATl, V. tr. Lat susci- 
 tare. 
 
 Syn. Rouse. Excite. Vitalize. Fan. 
 Inflame. 
 
 Ant. Soothe. Calm. AlLvy. Repress. 
 Deaden. Mesmerize. Extinguish. Com- 
 pose. Repress. I^ay. 
 
 Suspect, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 mspicere, spectum. 
 
 Stn. Imagine. Surmise. Guess. Con- 
 locture. Augur. Doubt. Mistrust. Dis- 
 trust. 
 
 Ant. Disbelieve. Discredit Trust. 
 Confide. Credit. Accredit. 
 
 Suspend, v. tr. Lat. suspen- 
 der e. 
 
 Stn. Attach. Hang. Rest. Interrupt. 
 Delay. Intermit Stop. Discontinue. 
 
 Ant. Detach. Drop. Remove. Con- 
 tinue. Expedite. Protract Prolong. 
 
 Suspense, n. See Suspend. 
 
 Stn. Protraction. Uncertainty. Wait- 
 ing. Intermission. Discontinuance. Abey- 
 ance. Stoppage. Indetermination. Inde- 
 nsioii. 
 
 Ant. Determination. Settlement. Exe- 
 ctition. Continuance. Uninterruption. 
 Revival. Determination. Decision. Fi- 
 nality. 
 
 Suspicion, n. See Suspect 
 Sustain, v. tr. Lat. sustinere. 
 See Support. 
 
 SusTKNANOB, n. See Sustain. 
 
 Stn. Support Food. Aliment Ali- 
 mony. Provision. Nourishment Nutri- 
 ment Nurture. Sustentation. Nutrition. 
 Pabulum. Maintenance. 
 
 Ant. Starvation. Inanition. Non-sub- 
 sistence. J nnutrition. Exhaustion. 
 
 Sustentation, n. See Suste- 
 nance. 
 
 Swallow, v. t-i Ang. Sax. i 
 swelgan, swllgan. \ 
 
 Stn. Absorb. Gorge. Engross. Appro- 
 priate. Exhaust Consume. ImMbe. liLn- 
 gulf. Brook. 
 
 Ant. Vomit Disgorge. Eructate. Dis- 
 charge. Economize. Save. Eschew. Re- 
 pudiate. 
 
 Swarm, n. Ang. Sax. swearnt. 
 
 Syn. Multitude. Crowd. Throng. Mass. 
 Press. Posse. I3evy. Flock. 'I'roop. 
 Drove. Herd. Horde. Crew. Gang. 
 Sboal, Army. Host Regiment Inun- 
 iat;oa 
 
 Art. Pawity. Sprinkling. Scantling. 
 
 Swat, n. Prov. Eng. sweg^ 
 sweighy sway, to swing or incline ^ 
 SO to wiold or influence. 
 
 Stn. Wield. Influence. Rule. Autho- 
 rity. Government Superiority. Bias. 
 Dominion. ControL Preponderance. Do 
 mination. Weight Force. Power. 
 
 Ant. Weakness. Inferiority. Subordi- 
 nation. Irreslstance. Obedience. Subser- 
 vience. Subjection. 
 
 Sweet, adj. Ang. Sax. sivete. 
 allied to the Lat. suavis. Plea- 
 sant to the senses or the mind. 
 
 Stn. Saccharine. Luscious. Fragrant 
 Dulcet. Melodious. Harmonious. Musical. 
 Beautiful. Lovely. Wholesome. Fresh. 
 Gentle. Amiable. 
 
 Ant. Sour. Bitter. Unsweet. Fetid. 
 Offensive. Nauseous. Olid. Stinking. Nasty. 
 Inharmonious. Discordant. Unlovely. Re- 
 pulsive. Unwholesome. Putrid. Tainted. 
 Ungentle. Unamiable. 
 
 Swell, v. tr. and int. Ang. 
 Sax. sweUan, swillan. 
 
 Syn. Dilate. Extend. Expand. In- 
 crease. Augment Protuberate. Aggra- 
 vate. Amplify. Distend. 
 
 Ant. Contract Curtail. Shrivel. Di- 
 minish. Lessen. l?etrench. Reduce. Col- 
 lapse. Fold. Narrow. Condense. Con- 
 centrate. 
 
 Swerve, v. int. Low Germ. 
 swarven, Dutch zwerven. 
 
 SvN. Deviate. Diverge. Divaricate. 
 Bend. Incline. Trend. 
 
 Ant. Continue. Disincline. 
 
 Swift, adj. Ang. Sax. swift, 
 from swtfan, to move rapidly. 
 
 Stn. liapid. Speedy. Headlong. Quick. 
 Accelerated. Nimble. Expeditious. Alert. 
 Prompt 
 
 Ant. Slow. Tardy. Lingering. Liizy. 
 Loitering. luexpeditious. Inactive. Slug- 
 gish. Unready. 
 
 Symmetrical, adj. See Sym- 
 metry. 
 
 Symmetry, n. Gr. (rvynicTpLa^ 
 from (Tvv, together, and fxerpov, a 
 measure. 
 
 Stn. Harmony. Proportion. Cocfonnity. 
 Interrelation. Intercoincidence. Agree- 
 ment. Form, 
 
 Ant. Disharmony. Disproportion. Id- 
 conlbrmity. Shapelessness. J.>isagreement 
 
tyynoiiifins and Aidouyms. 
 
 im 
 
 loifTdkfuritj. Interrepugnance. Incon- 
 linnity. 
 
 Sympathy, n. Gr. avuirddfia, 
 from avUf together, and Trddos, 
 feeling. 
 
 Sts. Fellow-feeling. Congeniality. C!om- 
 niiseratlon. Compassion. Pity. Condol- 
 ence. 
 
 Ant. Antipathy. Antagonism. Incon- 
 geniality. Pitilessnoss. Mercilessness. 
 (Jompassionlessness. Unkindness. Harsh- 
 ness. Unkindlinoss. 
 
 Symptom, n. Gr. p-v^TtrafMa, 
 from crvfiirliTTeiv, to fall together. 
 Something which so coincides 
 with another as to be an uniform 
 indication of it. 
 
 Syn. Concurrent. Concomitant. Indica- 
 tion. Mark. Note. Sign. Token. 
 Ant. Misfndication. 
 
 System, w. Gr. o-va-rrjixa, from 
 a-vvLo-rdvai, to stand together. 
 
 Stn. Method. Scheme. Order. Classi- 
 ication. Arrangement. Plan. 
 
 Ant. Disorder. Derangement. Confu- 
 sion. Fortuity. Chance. Medley. Hap- 
 hazard. Incongruity. Non-arrangement. 
 Non-classification. 
 
 T. 
 
 Tabid, arZ/ Lat. tabidiis,frGm 
 
 tabes, any ivasting disease. 
 
 Syh. Wasting. Consumptive. PhthisicaL 
 Morbid. Declining. Vitiated. Lean. 
 Shrivelled. 
 
 Ant. Hearty. Robust. Somid. Vigorous. 
 Stout. 
 
 Tacit, adj. Lat. tadtus, from 
 tacere, to he silent. 
 
 Sra. Silent. Implied. Understood. 
 Implicit. Unexpressed. 
 
 ANT. Open. Avowed. Expressed. 
 Formal. Declared. 
 
 Taciturn, adj. See Tacit. 
 
 Syn. SUent. Reserved. Inconversible. 
 Uncommunicative. Close. Mute. Pauci- 
 loquous. Reticent. 
 
 Ant. Open. Unreserved. Conversible. 
 Communicative. Fluent. Chatty. Talkative. 
 Sarrulous. Chattering. Loquacious. Mul- 
 tiloquous. Plating. Prattling. Twaddling. 
 Verbose. Gabbling. Cackling. 
 
 Taoituhnity, n. See Taci- 
 kuru. 
 
 Tact, n. Lai tmtns, j&roni 
 tangere, to touch. 
 
 Syn. Nicety. Perception. Sensitive- 
 ncss. Skill. Taste. Discriminatioa 
 Judgment. Critique. 
 
 Ant. Coarseness. Insensitiveness. Awk 
 wardness. Indiscrimination. Indiscretion. 
 
 Tactics, n. Gr. raKTiKX) r^x^h' 
 The art of orderly movement. 
 
 Syn. Manoeuvre. Policy. Diplomacy 
 Temporization. 
 
 Ant. Blunder. Impolicy. 
 
 Taint, v. tr. Fr. teindre, to 
 dry or tinge. Used in an un- 
 favourable sense. 
 
 Syn. Imbue. Impregnate. Infect. Cor- 
 rupt. Stain. Sully. Tarnish. Contami- 
 nate. Defile. Vitiate. Poison. Blot. Dis- 
 grace. Dishonour. 
 
 Akt. Disinfect. Purify. Cleanse. Efface. 
 Signalize. Credit. 
 
 Take, v, tr. Ang. Sax. tacan. 
 Allied to the Lat. tangere, root, 
 tag, to touch. 
 
 Syn. Seize. Grasp. Assume. Procure. 
 Captivate. Engage. Interest. Charm. 
 Choose. Select. Admit. Accept Receive. 
 Conduct Transfer. 
 
 Ant. Drop. Reject. Abandon. Sur- 
 render. Lose. Miss. RepeL 
 
 Talent, n. Gr. ruXavrov, a 
 ceHain weight and denomination 
 of money. The ordinary appli- 
 cation of the term is taken from 
 the Scripture parable of the 
 talents. 
 
 Stn. Genius. Ability. Clevernogs. 
 Gift Endowment. Faculty. Parts. Ca- 
 pacity. 
 
 Ant. Inability. Stupidity, imbecility. 
 Incompetence. 
 
 Talkative, adj. Prov. Germ. 
 talken, to speak indistinctly. See 
 Taciturn. 
 
 Tally, v. int. Fr. taUl", a 
 cutting, from tailler, to cut. The 
 tally was a piece of notched 
 wood, kejit as a check upon ac- 
 counts. 
 
 Syn. Match. Suit. Accord. Conespcnd 
 Fit. Harmonize. Agree. Coincide. Com 
 port. 
 
 Amt. Differ. l>isagr>je i'icaccorJ Slid 
 comport. 
 
378 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Tamr, adj. Aug:. Sax. tarn. 
 
 Stn. Domesticated, Reclaimed. Tamed. 
 Sutijugated. Broken. Gentle. Mild. Do- 
 cile. Meek. Spiritless. Tedious. Dull. 
 Flat. 
 
 Ant. Undomesticated. Unreclaimed. 
 Untamed. Unbroken. Savage. Wild. 
 Fierce. Spirited. Animated. Ferine. In- 
 teresting. Exciting. Stirring. Lively. 
 
 Tangible, adj. Lat. tangi- 
 bilis, from tangere, to touch. 
 
 Stn. Palpable. I'actile. Perceptible. 
 Corporeal. Material. Comprehensible. 
 
 Ant. Impalpable. Intangible. Spi- 
 ritual. Incorporeal. Immaterial. Incom- 
 prehensible. 
 
 Tanglb, V. tr. Prob. allied to 
 Gothic tagl, hair. 
 
 SvN. Intertwist. Interlock. Mat. 
 Ant. Unravel. Disentangle. Untwine. 
 
 Tantalizb, V. tr. Tantalus, 
 King of Phrygia, plunged in water 
 with overhanging fruits, yet de- 
 barred from tasting them. 
 
 Syn. Disappoint. Frustrate. Tease. 
 Ant. Gratify. Satisfy. 
 
 Tantamount, adj. Lat. tantus, 
 as much, and Eng. amount, from 
 the Fr. monter, amonter. 
 
 Syn. Equal. Equivalent. Equipollent. 
 Synonymous. 
 
 Ant. Unequal. Unequivalent. 
 
 Tardy, adj. Lat. tardus, slow. 
 
 Stn. Slow. Sluggish. Dilatoiy. Re- 
 luctant. Loitering. Late. 
 
 Ant. Quick. Rapid. Alert. Active. 
 Prompt. Willing. Eager. Early. 
 
 Tarnish, v. tr. Temir, from 
 terne, dull, wan. See Taint. 
 
 Tarry, v. int. Old Eng. tar- 
 gen, as if connected with the Lat. 
 tardus. 
 
 Stn. Rest. Abide. Halt. Sojourn. 
 Delay. Stop. Sta^^. Loiter. Linger. 
 
 Ant. Press. Push. Speed. Haste. 
 Proceed. 
 
 Tart, adj. Ang. Sax. tearan, 
 to tear or cut, 
 
 Stn. Sharp. Acid. Sour. Acidulous. 
 Keen. Pungent Acerbons. Acrimonious. 
 Biting. Bitter. Harsh. Rude. Irascible. 
 
 Awi, Mellow. Sweet Luscious. Mild. 
 Genial. Suave. Kindly. Unctuous. Oily. 
 BuQooth. bland. Blandiloquent Courteous. 
 Deferential. Polite. Ceremonious. 
 
 Task, n. Old Fr. tasque. Conn 
 with the Lat. taxare, to rate, a^> 
 praise, estimate. 
 
 Stn. Work. Function. Operation. 
 Business. Undertaking. Drudgery. Toil 
 Lesson. 
 
 Ant. Relaxatloa. ^*isure. Amusement 
 Hobby. 
 
 Tastk, n. Old Fr. taster, It. 
 tastare, as if from taxitare, m 
 Lat., and that from taxare, to 
 touch lightly, estimate, as the fre- 
 quentative of tangere, to touch. 
 It is applied physically and me- 
 taphorically, or analogously. 
 
 Stn. Gustation, Savour. Flavour. 
 Sapidity. Relish. Perception. Judgment. 
 Discernment Nicety. Critique. Delicacy. 
 Elegancy. Refinement. 
 
 Ant. Non-gustation. Ill-savour. In- 
 sipidity. Disrelish. Non-perception. In- 
 discrimination. Indiscernraent Coarseness. 
 Indelicacy. Inelegancy. 
 
 Tasteful, adj. See Taste. 
 
 Syn. Sapid. Relishing. Savoury. Tooth« 
 some. Palatable^ Elegant. Refined. 
 
 Ant. Insipid. Unrelishing. Unsavoury. 
 Unpalatable. Nauseous. Inelegant. Taste- 
 less. Unrefined. Vapid. 
 
 Taunt, v. tr. Conn, with the 
 Fr. tancer, to rehuhe, scold. 
 Syn. Reproach. Upbraid. Rebuke. 
 Ant. Compliment. Congratulate. 
 
 Tawdry, 'T,dj. A corruption 
 of Saint Audrey, or Saint Ethel- 
 reda, at whose fair, in the Isle ot 
 Ely — itself an abbrev. of Ethel- 
 reda — showy finery was sold. 
 
 Syn. Showy. Flashy Tinsel. Mere- 
 tricious. 
 
 Ant. Chaste. Rich. Elegant. Hand- 
 some. Sumptuous. 
 
 Teach, v. tr. Ang. Sax. 
 tcecan, to show, teach. Allied to 
 the Gr. beiKvvvai, the Lat. docere^ 
 and the Eng. token, a der. of the 
 Sax. topxan. It governs, as a verb, 
 both the subject and the person. 
 
 Stn. Impart Tell. Direct. Instruct 
 Inform. Counsel. Admonish. Indoctrinate. 
 Train. 
 
 Ant. Wiihhod. MIsteach. Misdirect 
 Misiustruct Misinform. Mipgnide. Mb 
 lead 
 
fSynonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 879 
 
 Tear, v. int. Ang. Sax. teran. 
 
 Stn. Rend, Lacerate. 
 Akt. Mend. Unite. 
 
 Tease, v. tr. Ang. Sax. tcesan, 
 io pluck, tease.. 
 
 Stn. Vex. Harass. Annoy. Disturb. 
 Irritate. Plague. Torment. Tantalize. 
 l*i-ovoke. Worry. 
 
 Ant. Soothe. Gratify. Please. Delight, 
 fc'ascinate. Enrapture. 
 
 Tedious, adj. Lat. tcedium, 
 weariness. 
 
 Syn. Wearisome. Tiresome. Irksome. 
 Dull. Flat. Prolix. 
 
 Ant. Interesting. Exciting. Stirring. 
 Charming. Fascinating. Delightful. Amus- 
 ing. 
 
 Teeming, ac?y. Ang. Sax. ^?/maw, 
 teman, tedmean, to hring forth. 
 
 Stn. Pregnant. Prolific. Ovei-flowing. 
 Abundant. Swarming. Multitudinous. 
 Numerous. 
 
 Ant. Barren. Scanty. Wanting. Rare. 
 Sparse. Few. 
 
 Tell, v. tr. Aug. Sax. telian, 
 tellan. 
 
 Stn. Mention. Number. Enumerate. 
 Count. Recount. Utter. Recite. Narrate. 
 Disclose. Publish. Betray. Divulge. Pro- 
 mulgate. Acquaint. Teach. Inform. Com- 
 municate. Report. Rehearse. Discern. 
 Judge. Discriminate. Ascertain. Decide. 
 Describe. 
 
 Ant. Repress. Suppress. Misreoount. 
 Misnarrate. Miscommunicate. Misdeclare. 
 Misrecite. Misjudge. Misdescribe. 
 
 Telling, adj. See Tell. 
 
 Syn. Effective. Powerful Pointed. 
 Ant. Weak. Ineffective. Pointless. 
 
 Temerity, n. Lat. temeritas. 
 
 Syn. Rashness. Audacity. Precipit- 
 ancy. Overventuresomeness. 
 
 Ant. Timidity. Caution. Circumspec- 
 tion. Wariness. Calculation. 
 
 Temperate, adj. Lat. tem- 
 peratus, temperare, to temper, 
 moderate. 
 
 Stn. Moderate. Abstemious. Sober. 
 Calm. Cool. Sedate. Mild. Genial. 
 
 Ant. Immoderate. Self-indulgent. In- 
 temperate. Torrid. Frigid. Rigorous. 
 
 Temporal, adj. Lat. tempus. 
 In the sense of the present time 
 or age. 
 
 Stn. Secular. Worldly. Civil. Politi- 
 caL Transient. Fleeting. l>aical. 
 
 Ant. Religious. gpiritt.&l, Bccleeljwti- 
 cal. Eternal. Sacerdotal. 
 
 Temporary, adj. See Tem- 
 poral. 
 
 Stn. Present. Immediate. Partial 
 Limited. Transient. Impermanent. 
 
 Ant. Perpetual. Lasting. Confirmed 
 Complete. Final. Perfect Permanent. 
 Entire. 
 
 Temporize, v. int. See Tem- 
 poral. To act according to the 
 policy of the moment, or to gain 
 time. 
 
 Stn. Play. Fence. Manoeuvre. Pro-" 
 crastinate. 
 
 Ant. Act Decide. Determine. Con- 
 clude. 
 
 Tempt, v. tr. Old Fr. tempter, 
 Lat. tentare. Of old used in the 
 senses now obsolete, of, firstly, 
 to attempt, and secondly, to put 
 to the test. 
 
 Stn. Entice. Allure. Try. Decoy 
 Ant. Dissuade. Deter, Warn. 
 
 Tenable, adj. Lat. tenere, to 
 hold. Said of action, views, or 
 statements which may be enter- 
 tained as founded on truth or 
 justice. 
 
 Stn. Maintainable. Defensible. Justifi- 
 able. Sound. Reasonable. Consistent. 
 
 Ant. Untenable. Indefensible. Un- 
 justifiable. Weak. Hollow. Fallacious. 
 Unseasonable. Inconsistent. Irrational 
 Absurd. 
 
 Tenacious, adj. Lat. tenax^ 
 from te7iere, to hold. 
 
 Stn. Retentive. Adhesive. Obstinate, 
 stubborn. Jealous. Chary. 
 
 Ant. Irretentive. Inadhesive. Pliant. 
 Intenacious. Yielding. Liberal. Prodigal 
 Bountiful. 
 
 Tend, v. int. See Tendency. 
 
 Tend, v. tr. Lat. tendere. The 
 primary meaning of tendere or to 
 tend was to stretch, both in an 
 act. and neut. sense ; thence to 
 stretch or incline the mind; 
 hence to take care of 
 
 Stn. Nurture. Guard. Watch. Minage 
 Serve. Keep. Aid. 
 
 Ant. Betray. Detfert. Abandor. 
 
380 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 Tkni>ency, n. Lat. tendere, to 
 tcpd. 
 
 Syn. Inclination. Vergency. Proneness. 
 Proclivity. Bias. Gravitation. Drift. 
 8cope. Aim. I^ispositiou. Attraction. 
 Condiicivenfss. Course. 
 
 Ant. Disinclination. Aversion. He- 
 pulsion. Contravention. Deviation Di- 
 ver^encj Tangency. Divarication. Op- 
 position. Renitency. Reluctance. Pre- 
 vention. Neutralization. Termination. 
 
 Tender, v. tr. Fr. tendere, to 
 stretch, Lat. tendere. 
 
 Syn. Ofifer, Proffer. Produce. Present. 
 
 Ant. Withhold. Withdraw. I{etain. 
 Appropriate. 
 
 Tknder, ftdj. Lat. tener, Fr. 
 tendre. 
 
 Syn. Delicate. Frail. Impressible. Sus- 
 ceptible. Yielding. Soft. KfTeminate. 
 Weak. Feeble. Compassionate. Affectionate. 
 Careful. Jealous. Gentle. Mild. Pitiful, 
 Merciful. Pathetic. 
 
 Ant. Strong. Sturdy. Hardy. Robust. 
 'I'ough. Iron. Pitiless. Unmerciful. Ciuel. 
 Hard-hearted. Careless. Lilieral. I/avish. 
 Unchary. Unp;entle. Rough. Rude. Coar.-e. 
 Unsentimental. Unmoving. Unfeeling. 
 Unimpressive. Unimpressed. Unimpas- 
 sioned. 
 
 Tenet, >?. Lat. tmet, he holds, 
 tenere, to hold. 
 
 SvN. Dogma, Article. Doctrine. Opinion. 
 Belief. Persuasion. 
 
 Ant. Disbelief. Renunciation. Protest. 
 Abjuration. 
 
 Tenor, n. Lat. tenor, from 
 tenere, to hold. A holding on of 
 a course. 
 
 SvN. Drift. Purport. Intent. Effect. 
 Aim. Scope. Direction. 
 
 Ant. Unmeaningness. Purposelessiiess. 
 Irrelevance. Discursiveness. Incohennce. 
 Variance. Divergeuce. 
 
 Tension, n. Lat. teusio, ten- 
 dere, to stretch. 
 
 Syn. Stretch. Strain. Intentness. Stiff- 
 ness. Force, Tone, Effort. 
 
 Ant. Looseness. Relaxation. I^axity. 
 Atony. Slackness. 
 
 Tentative, (xdj. Lat. tenta- 
 tivus, from teutare, to try. Ex- 
 perimental, in the sense of being 
 occasionally, bnt not uniformly 
 successful ill the effort. 
 
 Stn. ExperimentiU. EmpiricaL 9pe«Ki 
 latlve. 
 
 Ant. Uniform. Certain. Sure Nec«ft> 
 sary. Unfailing. 
 
 Terminal, adj. Lat. terminer 
 Us, term en, and terminus. 
 Syn. Final. Ultimate. Marginal 
 Ant. Central. Primal. Preconcluslve. 
 
 Termination, n. See Termi- 
 nal. 
 
 Syn. Ending. Conclusion. Limit. Ex- 
 tent. Bound. End. Finality. Effect 
 Con.sequence. R'sult. Issue. Exit. 
 
 Ant. Beginning. Inception. Initiation. 
 Inchoation. Start. Origin. Rise. Source. 
 Commencement. Cause. Operation. Pro- 
 cess. Course. Tendency. 
 
 Terrestrial, adj. Lat. ter- 
 restris, heJomjing to the earth, from 
 terra, the earth. 
 
 Syn. Earthly. Sublunary. Terrene, 
 Ant. Celestial. Infernal. Aquatic. 
 Aqueous. 
 
 Terrible, adj. Lat. terrihilis, 
 from terrere, to frighten. 
 
 Syn. Awful. Fearful. Dreadful. For- 
 midable. Terrific Frightful. Horrible. 
 Shocking. 
 
 Ant. Informidable. Unastounding. Un- 
 startling. Unastonishing. 
 
 Terrific, adj. Lat. terrere, to 
 frighten, andfacere, to make. Sec 
 Terrible. 
 
 Terror, n. Lat. terror, from 
 terrere, to frighten. 
 
 SvN. Fear, Dread. Alann. Fright. 
 Consternation. Horror. Dismay, 
 
 Ant, Confidence. Fearlessness. Bold- 
 ness. Reassurance, 
 
 Terse, adj. Lat. part, of tcr- 
 peir, to rubor ivipe, and SO having 
 a smooth or polished appearance. 
 Apphed to style. 
 
 Syn, Neat. Smooth. Compact. Con- 
 cise, Succinct, 
 
 Ant, C<)arse. Rough. Rude. Un|K>- 
 lishe<i. inconcise. Insucciiict. Prolix. 
 Diffuse. 
 
 Test, n. Lat. testum, from 
 testa, an earthen pot. Applied 
 primarily to the cupel, a vessel 
 for refining precious metals; 
 thence extended to criteria ge- 
 nerally. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 381 
 
 3ni. Cupel. Trial, Examination. Proof. 
 Criterion. Standard. Experiment. 
 
 Aht. Misindication. Misjudgment. Mis- 
 proof. 
 
 Testify, v. tr. and int. Lat. 
 testis, a witness, and facere, to 
 make. 
 
 Sth. Depose. Swear. Declare. Wit- 
 BC88. Protest. AflQrm. Verify. Asse- 
 verate. 
 
 Ant. Misdeclare. MisafHrm. Misde- 
 pose. Mistestify. Falsify. 
 
 Testimony. Lat. testimonium, 
 testis, a witness. 
 
 Stn. Witness. Evidence. Corrobora- 
 tion. Confirmation. Proof. 
 
 Ant. Refutatian. Contradiction. Dis- 
 proof. Confutation. Contravention. In- 
 validation. 
 
 Thankful, adj. Ang. Sax. 
 thane, thonc, and full. 
 
 Syk. Grateful. Obliged. 
 Ant. Ungrateful. Thanliless; Un- 
 thanliful. 
 
 Thanklbss, adj. See Thank- 
 ful. Used also in the sense of 
 that for which no thanks are re- 
 turned. 
 
 SvN. Ungracious. Unprofitable. I*ro- 
 fitless. Un reciprocal. 
 
 Ant. Profitable. Reciprocated. 
 
 Theatrical, «(// Gr. dearpov, 
 from Oeaadai, to vieiv. Belonging 
 to the theatre, but commonly 
 used in the sense of fictitious 
 manner or spurious decoration. 
 
 Syn. Dramatic. Scenic. Melodramatic. 
 Showy. Ceremonious. Gesticulatory. Mere- 
 tricious. Tinsel. 
 
 Abt. Chaste. Genuine. Simple. Un- 
 affected. Quiet. Subdued. Mannerless. 
 Plain. 
 
 Theoretical, adj. Partaking 
 of the nature of theory. Gr. 
 6eo>pia, in the sense of specula- 
 tion. 
 
 SvN. Speculative. Hypothetical. Pre- 
 sumptive. 
 
 Ant. Practical. Positive. Definite. 
 
 Thick, adj. Ang. Sax. thicce. 
 Used in many analogous senses. 
 
 SvN. Dense. Condensed. inspissated. 
 Close. Compact. Turbid. Luteous. Misty. 
 Voggy. Vaporous. Crowded. Numerous. 
 
 Solid. Bulicy. Deep. Ctonfusetl. Inarti- 
 culate. 
 
 Ant. Rare. Fine. I'hin. Sparse 
 
 strained. Pure. Percolated. Limpid. 
 
 Crystalline. Scanty. Incompact. Slight 
 Shallow. Laminated. Clear. Articulate. 
 Distinct. 
 
 Thicken, v. tr. and int. See 
 Thick. 
 
 Stn. Condense. Inspissate. Compact 
 Solidify. Befoul. Obscure. Bemire. Be- 
 cloud. Increase. Coagulate. Amalgamate. 
 Commingle. Intermix. Crowd. Multiply. 
 Enlarge. Expand, Extend. Broaden. 
 Deepen. Obstruct. Confuse. 
 
 Ant. Rarify. Dissipate. Refine. At- 
 tenuate. Clear. Purify. Strain. Percolate. 
 Ciariiy. Defecate. Depurate. Brighten. 
 Lighten. Open, filtrate. Diminish. Se- 
 parate. Reduce. Narrow. Contract Li- 
 berate. Free. Extricate. Unravel. Loosea 
 Disentangle. 
 
 Thin, adj. Ang. Sax. thynne, 
 thyn, thin. See Thick. 
 
 Thought, n. Ang. Sax. theaht, 
 thoht, gethoht, from thencean, then- 
 can, to think. 
 
 Stn. Reflection. Meditation. Concep 
 tion. Idea. Opinion. Judgment. Conceit 
 Fancy. Design. Purpose. Intention. Co- 
 gitation. Deliberation. Care. Provision. 
 
 Ant. Vacuity. Incogitation. Thought- 
 lessness. Dream. Hallucination. Aberra- 
 tion. Misconception. Incogitancy. Care- 
 lessness. Improvidence. Unreflectiveness. 
 
 Thoughtful, ttc^y. ^See Thought. 
 
 Syn. Careful. Provident. Contempla- 
 tive. CtDuderate. Regardful. Mindful 
 Heedful. Diligent. 
 
 Ant. Careless. Improvident Unthink- 
 ing. Thoughtless. Incontemplative. Mind- 
 less. Inconsiderate. Regardless. Heed- 
 less. Ra.sh. Trifling. Wanton. Idle. 
 
 Thoughtless, adj. See 
 
 Thoughtful. 
 
 Thraldom, n. The condition 
 
 se)f. 
 
 Syn. Servitude. Captivity, Bondage 
 Confinement Serfdom. 
 
 Ant. Liberty. Freedom. Unrestraint 
 Liberation. Independence. 
 
 Thread, n. Ang. Sax. thrced. 
 Used metaphorically. 
 
 Syn. Line. Course. Tenor. 'VntJ 
 nultv. 
 
882 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Ant Deviation. Divergence, Aberration. 
 Solution. Intermission. Interruption. 
 
 Threat, n. Ang. Sax. threes 
 tian, to urge, threaten, 
 
 Stn. Menace, Intimidation. 
 
 Abt. Encouragement, Allurement. En- 
 Hcement. Tromise. 
 
 Thkeatening, adj. See Threat. 
 
 Stk. Menacing, Intimidating. Mina- 
 tory. Comminatory. Minacious. Unpro- 
 mising. Imminent. Impending. 
 
 Ant. Encouraging. I>romising. Reas- 
 laring. Enticing. Passed. Overpast. 
 Withdrawn. 
 
 Thrift, n. From Thrive, 
 which see. 
 
 Stn. Frugality. Economy. Saving. 
 Gain. Profit. 
 
 Ant. Prodigality. Waste. Loss. Ex- 
 penditure, 
 
 Thrifty, adj. See Tlirift. 
 
 Thrive, v. int. Icel. thrifa, 
 to care. 
 
 Stn. Prosper. Increase. Flourish. Grow. 
 Succeed. Fatten. Luxuriate. 
 
 Ant. Decay. Fade. Wane. Wither. 
 Decline. Waste. Languish. Diminish. 
 Droop. Pine. 
 
 Throw, v. tr. Ang. Sax. thrd- 
 wan, to turn, tioist, throw. 
 
 Syn. Fling. Cast. HurL Project. 
 Piopel. 
 
 Ant. Retain. Recal. Revoke. Hold. 
 Restrain, Draw. Haiil. 
 
 Thrust, v. tr. Old Eng. thriste, 
 threste. 
 
 Syn. Push. Drive. Force, Impel. 
 Urge. 
 
 Ant. Draw, Retract. Snatch, Ex- 
 tract. 
 
 Tickle, v. tr. Dim. of tick, to 
 heat, as the ticking of a clock, 
 Dutch tikken, to touch. 
 
 Stn, Titillate, Please, Gratify. Amuse, 
 Akt, Irritate. Hurt, Annoy. Vex, 
 
 Tide, n. In the sense of the 
 ebb and flow of the sea, or a 
 course of water derived thence, 
 tide is the same word as tide, 
 meaning time, as eventide, from 
 the Ang. Sax. tul, for tihadt, time. 
 
 Syn, Flow. Course. Current. 
 Hoih. Inundation Influx 
 
 Ant. Stagnation, Arrestatlcn. Stop, 
 page. Cessation, Motionlessn©* Subsi- 
 dence. 
 
 Tidings, n. Ang. Sax. tidian, 
 to happen, 'betide. 
 
 Stk. Newj. Announcement Re{)ort 
 Intelligence. Advice. 
 
 Ant. Suppression. Non-aimouncement. 
 Misreport. Misinformalion. 
 
 Tidy, adj. In its primary 
 sense, seasonable and then or- 
 derly. 
 
 Stn. Neat. Orderly. Spruce, Tight. 
 Ant, Disorderly. Untidy. Slovenly. 
 
 Tight, ac?/. Old Eng. Strictly 
 the part, of to tie, and so bound. 
 
 Stk. Firm, Compact. Fast. Clos«». 
 Tidy. Neat. Smart. Natty, Stretched 
 Tense. 
 
 Ant, Loose. Incompact. Open. Flow, 
 ing. I^oose-fitting. Large. Untidy, Lax. 
 Relaxed. 
 
 Till, v. tr. Ang, Sax. tilian, 
 teolian. Conn, with toil. 
 
 Stn. Plow. Prepare, Cultivate. Dress. 
 Tend. 
 
 Ant. Neglect, Waste. Abandon, 
 Fallow. 
 
 Time, n. Fr. temps, Lat, tern- 
 pns, Ang, Sax. tima. 
 
 Syn. Period. Duration. Season. Op- 
 portunity. Age. P>a. Occasion. Terni. 
 Space. Span. Spell 
 
 Ant. Neverness. Eternity. Non-dura- 
 tion. Indetermination. Indeterminable- 
 ncss. 
 
 Timely, adj. See Time. 
 
 Stn. Jiarly. Seasonable. Opportune. 
 Judicious. 
 
 Ant. I^te, Unseasonable. Inopportune. 
 Injudicious. Ill-timed. Untimely. 
 
 Timeserving, adj. 
 
 Syn, Temporizing. Versatile. Servile. 
 Trimming. 
 
 Ant, Independent. Iligli-splrited, Un- 
 timeserving. 
 
 Timid, adj. Lat. tiraidus, ti- 
 mere, to fear. 
 
 Stn. Fearful. Pusillanimous. Timo- 
 rous. Afraid. Cowardly. Faint-hearted 
 Inad venturous. 
 
 Ant. Bold, Confident, Venturesoim 
 Courageous. Overventuresome. Rath 
 Audacious. 
 
 Tinge, v, tr, Fr. teindre, l^at 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 388 
 
 8th, Colour. Dye. Stain. Imbue. Im- 
 pregnate. Affect. 
 
 Ant. IMsimbue, Disinfect. Dlsindoc- 
 trinate. 
 
 Tinsel, n. Fr. etincelle, Lat. 
 scintilla, a spark. Anything 
 showy or spangling without in- 
 trinsic value. 
 
 Syn. Tawdriness. Spangle. Frippery, 
 (ilitter. 
 
 Ant. Costliness. Richness. Chasteness. 
 Gorgeousness. Sumptuousness. Magnifi- 
 cence. Splendour. 
 
 Tint, n. Fr. teinte, Lat. tinc- 
 *,us, from tingere, to dye. Com- 
 monly used of paler colours. 
 
 Syn. Colour. Hue. Tinge. Dye. Com- 
 plexion. 
 
 Ant. Achromatism. Decoloration. 
 Paleness. Pallor. Bleaching. Etiolation. 
 Colourlessness. Sallowness. Wanness. Ca- 
 daverousness. Exsanguineousness. 
 
 Tiny, aaj. Prob. a dim. of 
 thin. 
 
 Syn. Puny. Wee. Little. Diminutive. 
 Lilliputian. Microscopic. 
 
 Ant. Huge. Bulky. Gigantic. Cyclo- 
 pean. Sizable. Considerable. 
 
 Tire, v. fr. Ang. Sax. terian, 
 tiriav, to vex. 
 
 Stn. Exhaust. Weary. Fatigue. Jade. 
 Harass. Bore. 
 
 Ant. Enliven. Animate. Refresh. 
 Amuse. Excite. 
 
 Tired, adj. See Tire. 
 Tiresome, adj. See Tire. 
 Title, n. Lat. titulas. 
 
 Stn. Inscription. Heading. Designa- 
 tion. Appellation. Distinction. Address. 
 Epithet. Name. 
 
 Ant. Non-designation. Indistinction. 
 Nondescript. Namelessncss. Indenomina- 
 tion. 
 
 Together, adv. Ang. Sax. 
 gador, at once. 
 
 Stn. Unitedly. Conjointly. Contempo- 
 raneously. Conceitedly. Simultaneously. 
 Coiscidently. Concomitantly. Concur- 
 rently. 
 
 Ant. Separately. Disconnectedly. In- 
 dependently. Variously, incoincidently. In- 
 concurreutly. 
 
 Toil. Old Dutch tmj. 
 
 Stn. l,abour Pain. FatigtU'. Drudgery. 
 Ks«rtiou. Task. Travail. 
 
 Ant. Ease. Relaxation. Rest. Re- 
 creation. Amusement Pleasure. 
 
 Token, n. Ang. Sax. tdcenian, 
 tdcniati. Conn, with tcecan, to 
 show, teach. 
 
 Stn. Sign. Evidence. Exhibition. De- 
 monstration, Sample. Illustration. Me- 
 morial. 
 
 Ant. Misindlcation. Misrepresentation. 
 Falsification. Misillustration. 
 
 Tolerable, adj. ToleraUUs, 
 tolerare, to endure. That may be 
 endui'ed or suffered to pass as 
 sufficient. 
 
 Stn. Endurable. Bearable. Support- 
 able. Sufferable. Allowable. Permissible. 
 Sufficient. Passable. 
 
 Aht. Unendurable. Unbearable. In- 
 supportable. Insufferable. Unallowable. 
 Impermissible. Insufficient, Intolerable. 
 
 Tolerant, adj. /S'ee Tolerable. 
 
 Stn. Forbearing.* Indulgent. Large- 
 minded. 
 
 Ant. Intolerant. Bigoted. Extreme. 
 
 Tolerate, v. tr. See Toler- 
 able. 
 
 Syn. Suffer, Allow. Permit. Endure. 
 Ant. RepeL Disallow. Prohibit. Re- 
 pudiate. Reject, Resist 
 
 Tone, n. Lat. tonus, Gr. tovos, 
 a stretching, as of a string or the 
 voice. Used also for state or con- 
 dition of mind. 
 
 Syn. Pitch. Loudness. Mood. Temper. 
 Tenor. Character. Drift, Effect, 
 
 Ant. Atony, Laxity, Tunelessness. 
 
 Top, 71. Ang. Sax. top. 
 
 Syn. Apex. Head. Culmination Ex- 
 treme. Summit 
 
 Ant. Foot Bottom. Root Base. 
 Tail. 
 
 ToEMENT, V. tr. Old Fr. tor- 
 mtnt, Lat. tormentnm, from tor- 
 quere, to twist. It comprises 
 almost every degree of inflicted 
 pain from teasing to torture. 
 
 Syn. Tease. Worry. I'ersecute. Pain. 
 Distress. Afflict. 'I'orture, Harass. Im- 
 portune, 
 
 Ant. Soothe. (Gratify. Please, liit^r- 
 l&in. Delight Amuse, 
 
 Torpid, adj. Lat. tor2ndm, 
 from tor^/ere, to be numb or sii^. 
 
384 
 
 tSynonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 Sin. jfunib. Jfelrss. Senseless. Dull. 
 Sluggish. Inac*ive. Hybernating. Insen- 
 iitle. Inert. 
 
 Ant. Lively. Animated. Gay. Brisk. 
 Nimble. Active. Restless. Energetic. 
 Vivacious. Sensitive. Alive. 
 
 Torrid, adj. torridus, torrere, 
 io he hot. 
 
 SvN. Hot Burning. Arid. Parching. 
 Scorching. Sultry. 
 
 Ant. Temperate. Fresh. Cool. Breezy. 
 Gelid. Frigid. Arctic. Brumal. Wintry. 
 
 Tortuous, adj. Tortuosus, 
 from tortus, part, of torquere, to 
 twist. 
 
 Sys. Devious. Circuitous. Anfractuous. 
 Ambiguous. Complicated. Sinuous. Sinis- 
 ter. Inflexed. 
 
 Ant. Right. Straight. Direct. Recti- 
 daear. Straightforward. Undeviating. 
 
 Torture, n. See Tortuous. 
 Pain of an extreme degree. 
 
 Stn. Agony. Anguish. Racking. Tor- 
 ment. 
 
 Ant. Ecstasy. Rapture. Bliss. 
 
 Total, n. Lat. totus, whole. 
 
 Syn. Aggregate. Whole. Entirety. 
 Sum. Completion. 
 
 Ant. Part. Item. Portion. Contribu- 
 tion. 
 
 Tottering, adj. Strictly ^a?*^. 
 of the verb to totter. Allied to 
 the Prov. Germ, tattern, dottern, 
 and Eng. titter. Having for the 
 root idea a vibratory motion. 
 
 Syn. Nodding. Faltering. Shaky. Va- 
 cillaiing. Keeling. Ruinous. 
 
 Ant. Firm. Unfaltering. Steady. Solid. 
 Immovable. 
 
 Tough, adj. Ang. Sax. iok, 
 from tall, tvth. 
 
 Stn. IJesistent Stubborn. Licntous. 
 Fibrous. Difficult. Refractory. Hard. 
 Unmanageable. 
 
 Ant. Yielding. Tender. Scft. Brittle. 
 Fragile. Frangible. FriabU 
 
 Toy, n. Dutch tooi. Tire, 
 attire, ornament. 
 
 SvN. Biiuble. Trifle. Bagatelle. 
 Ant. implement. Ulensil. Weapon. 
 
 In old writers this word had 
 additional meanings, as conceits 
 or fancies, silly tales, and sports. 
 
 Tbaok, V, tr. Fr. tracer, from 
 
 the Lat. trahere. Prob. through 
 some such Low Lat. word as 
 
 tractiare. 
 
 Syn. Explore. Track. Follow. Thread 
 Investigate. Delineate. Pursue. 
 
 Ant. Miss. Lose. Misinvestigate. Mis 
 delineate. 
 
 Trace, n. See verh. 
 
 Track, v. tr. Old Fr. trac, 
 track of horses or othe?' animals. 
 See Trace. 
 
 Trackless, adj. See Track. 
 
 Stn. Untrodden. Unfrequented. Path- 
 less. Wild. 
 
 Ant. Frequented. Trodden. Well- 
 marked. 
 
 Tractable, adj. TractaUlis 
 tractare, to treat or manage. 
 
 Syn. Etocile. Manageable. Amenable. 
 
 Ant, Unmanageable. Unamenable. Re- 
 fractory. Intractable. 
 
 Traditional, adj. Traditio^ 
 trader e, to hand down. Com- 
 monly applied to oral transmis- 
 sion. 
 
 Syn. Transmitted. Oral. Unwritten. 
 Ant. Written. Documentary. 
 
 Traduce, v. tr. Traducere. In ; 
 the sense of to show or exhibit in 
 public, in which sense traduce 
 was at one time employed, till 
 usage restricted it to such exhi- 
 bition as had a calumnious pur- 
 ^pose. 
 
 Stn. Calumniate. Vilify. Defame. 
 Slander. Decry. 
 
 Ant. I*raise. Commend. Eulogize. 
 
 Tragedy, n. Gr. Tpayabla. \ 
 TfHiyos, a (joat, and <o8rj, a song. 
 Prob. because at the earliest 
 poetic competitions a goat was 
 sacrificed, or it may have been 
 given as a prize to the wiimer. j 
 It gradually assumed more and | 
 more the meaning of a disastrcTis * 
 plot, and, in common j^arlance, ai 
 follows: — 
 
 Stn. DLsiister. Caljsnity. ACS'ctlon 
 Adversity. Catastrophe iirlet 
 
 Ant. Joy. l^Jlgit Jcoo. ?ro«perlt} 
 Comedy. 
 
Synonyms and AnionymB. 
 
 385 
 
 Rear. Accustom. Habituate. 
 Exercise. Practise. Bend. 
 
 L)i3- 
 Dis- 
 
 Tragio, adj. See Tragedy. 
 
 Train, v. tr. Old Fr. trahiner, 
 trainer, from the Low Lat. tra- 
 hlna, from trahere, to draw, a 
 drag or sledge. 
 
 Stn. I>ead, '" 
 Inure. Drill. 
 I'^ucate. 
 
 Ant. Force. Brealc. 'I'ralL 
 nccustom. Dishabituate. Aliseducate. 
 qualify. 
 
 Trammil, n. Commonly used 
 in the plural. Tres macules, three 
 spots or discs, tremaclum, a sort of 
 ■net. Used for restraint gene- 
 rally. 
 
 Syn. Restraint. Shackles. Fetters. Clog. 
 Hindrance. 
 
 Ant. Liberation. Freedom. Extricji- 
 tion. Utia>utineinent. Unrestraint I'kiy. 
 
 Tranquil, adj. Fr. tranqtiille, 
 Lat. tranquilliis. 
 
 Sin. Quiet. I'eaceftil. Calm. Undis- 
 turbed. UiuufQed. Composed. Unanxlous. 
 Smooth. 
 
 Ant. Unquiet. Agitated. Disturbed. 
 Anxious. Excited, llebtless. Uneasy. 
 
 Transact, v. tr. Lat. transi- 
 gere, actus, from trans and ago, 
 to carry onwards, 
 
 Syn. Conduct, rerform. Treat Manag*. 
 Negotiate. 
 
 Ant. Alistransact Misconduct. Mis- 
 manage. Misnegotiate. 
 
 Transaction, n. See Trans- 
 act. 
 
 SvK. Business. Affair. Proceeding. 
 Action. 
 
 Ant. Non-perfornumce. Desistance. 
 Mistransacliou. Alisnianagement Sus- 
 
 S'nsion. Postpouemcnt. Adjournment 
 on-transaction. 
 
 Transcend, v. tr, Lat. trans- 
 cendere, from trans and scandere, 
 to climb beyond. 
 
 Syn. Surmount Surpass. Out-top. 
 Outstrip. ExceL Exceed. Eclipse. Out- 
 
 vie 
 
 Ant. Fail. Fall. FoiL 
 
 Transcendent, adj. See 
 Transcend. Of surpassing ex- 
 colleucp I 
 
 8yk. Consummate. F^ref^ioug. (nsur- 
 pAti.sable. UuattaiDAble. tiurjxkitiing. 
 
 Ant. Ordinary. Aitalii.ble. Average. 
 Common. Unsui-prlsing. 
 
 Transfer, v. tr. Lat. tran9» 
 ferre, lat us, to carry 'Tver, 
 
 Smx. Convey. Transport Kemove. Sell, 
 Give. Alienate. Translate. Transmit 
 Forward. Exchange. 
 
 Ant. Hetiin. Withhold. Fix. Appro- 
 priate. Keep. 
 
 Transfigure, v. tr. Trans 
 and Jigura, ajigure. See Trans- 
 form. 
 
 Transform, v. tr. Lat. trans- 
 formare, trans and forma. To 
 change into another shape, or 
 alter the shape. 
 
 Syn. Transtigure. Metamorphose. 
 Change. Transmute. 
 
 Ant. Stabililate. Arrest Perpetuate. 
 Conserrc. 
 
 Transformation, n. See Trans- 
 form. 
 
 Transgress, v. tr. Lat. Ira7ts' 
 gredior, gressus, to step beyond. 
 
 Syn. Break. Violate. Disobey, in- 
 fringe. Tiespass. 
 
 Ant. Observe. Keep. Obey. Fulfil 
 Respect. 
 
 Transient, ar/y. Lat. transiens, 
 part, of trans ire, to pass on. 
 
 Syn. Fleeting. Fugitive. I'a.'^sing. 
 Evanescent Ephemeral. Momentarv. 
 Brief. 
 
 Ant. Abiding. Permanent. Perpeinal. 
 Persistent. Ija.sting. Enduring. 
 
 Translate, v. tr. See Trans- 
 fer. 
 
 Transmit, v. tr. Transmittere, 
 to send on. See Transfer. 
 
 Transmute, v. tr. Trans and 
 mutare, to change. See Trans- 
 form. 
 
 Transparent, adj. Trans, be- 
 yon d, and par ere, to appear. Used 
 metaphorically of that which is 
 easily seen through by the mind, 
 
 Syn. Pellucid. Crystailino. Troaslucent 
 Limpid. Diaphanous. Obvious. Indis- 
 putable. Sell-evident 
 
 Ant. riiick. Turbid. Opaque. Intr&u»> 
 pareut ilysterious. Dubious. Quastloa. 
 
 5 c 
 
??86 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 TRANBPniB, V. int Trans, 
 through, and spirare, to breathe. 
 Sts. Escape. Appear. Exuda 
 Aht. Lurk. Latltate. Lie. 
 
 Transport, v. tr. Trans, be- 
 yond, portare, to carry. See Trans- 
 fer. 
 
 Transport, w. See above. 
 Used in the sense of being carried 
 out of one's self by joy. 
 
 Syn. Ecstasy, Rapture. Knravishment. 
 Bliss. 
 
 Ant. Agony. Paroxysm. Mortification. 
 Distress. Annoyance. Vexation. 
 
 Transpose, v. tr. 2Vansponere, 
 to alter the order or sense. The 
 word has technical meanings, as 
 in ajgebra, to bring from one side 
 to the other without destroying 
 tlie equation; in grammar, to 
 alter the collocation of words; 
 and in music, to bring from one 
 key to another. 
 
 Sy». Change. Transmute. Interchange. 
 Reverse. Shift, Transfer. Displace. 
 
 Akt. Stereotype. Stabilitate. Fix. Re- 
 tain. 
 
 Transverse, adj. Lat. trans- 
 versus, from trans and vertere, to 
 turn. 
 
 Syk. Athwart. Crosswise. Across. 
 Rectangular. 
 
 Ant. Parallel, Rectilinear. 
 
 Trap, n. Ang. Sax. treppe, 
 trappe. 
 
 Syn, Suare. Ambush. Stratagem, Pit- 
 fall. 
 
 Ant. Warning. Beacon. Signal-post, 
 ijlghthouse. Premonition. 
 
 Trapping, n. Used in the 
 plural. From trap, in the sense 
 of to adorn. 
 
 Syn. Gear. Adornments. Apparatus. 
 Paraphernalia. Tackle, Harness. Hous- 
 ings. 
 
 Ant. Divestment. Dismantlement. 
 Stripping. 
 
 Trash, n. Prov. Germ, trasch, 
 husks of grapes, chaff. 
 
 6ys. Nonsense. Refuse. Vileness. Su- 
 perfluity. OffaL Worthlessness. Seaweed. 
 Sawduat. Twaddle. 
 
 Ant. Sense. iSoundness, Usefula^ss. 
 VViudum. Treasure. 
 
 Travail, n. This word is a 
 different spelling and applica- 
 tion of travel. It is connected, 
 through the Fr. travail, the Sp. 
 trahajo, and the It. travaglio, 
 with the Lat. trahs, a beam, and 
 so with heavy and slow work, as 
 of yoked oxen, 
 
 Syn, Labour, Toll. Heaviness. Af- 
 fliction, 
 
 Ant, Ease. Rest. Lightness. Joy, 
 
 Travel, n. See Travail. 
 
 SvN. Journey. Wandering, Migration. 
 Rustication. Pilgrimage. Excursion. Tour. 
 Expedition. Trip, ilamble. Peregrina- 
 tion. 
 
 Ant. Rest. Settlement. Domestication. 
 
 Traverse, v. tr. See Trans- 
 verse. 
 
 Syn. Cross. Thwart. Obstruct. Survey 
 Explore. 
 
 Ant. Pass. Omit. Sanction. Permit, 
 Overlook. Disregard, Elude. Avoid. 
 lYetermit. 
 
 Travestie, n. Fr. travestir, to 
 disguise, Lat. trans, beyond (cus- 
 tom), and vestire, to dress. 
 
 Syn. Burlesque. Parody. Disguise, 
 Caricature. Misrepresentation. Mispor- 
 traiture. 
 
 Ant, Representation. Reproduction. 
 Portraiture. Copy. Exhibition. Recast. 
 
 Treachery, n. Fr. tricherie, 
 from tricher, to trick. 
 
 Syn. Insidiousness. Faithlessness. Per- 
 jury, BetrayaL Fractiousness. Treason, 
 
 Akt, Openness, Fidelity. Honour. 
 Chivalry, Generosity, 
 
 Treason, n. Old Fr. traison, 
 Lat. traditio, from tradere, to sur- 
 render or betray. See Treachery. 
 
 Treasure, n. Lat, thesaurus. 
 
 Syn. Jewel. Store. Valuable. Cash. 
 Bullion. Accumulation. Hoard, Gem. 
 Paragon. ModeL 
 
 Ant, Trash, Offal. Refuse. Scum. 
 Dregs. Dirt. 
 
 Treasure, v. tr. See noun. 
 
 Syn. Hoard. Accumulate. Save. Value. 
 Enshrine. Idolize. 
 
 Ant, Scatter, Squander. DLisipata 
 Disregard. Disesteem. Prostitute, W«8te 
 Betray. 
 
Synonyms mid Antonyms. 
 
 887 
 
 TbGAT^ v. tr. and int. Fr. 
 iraiter, Lat. tractare. 
 
 Stm. Handle. Manage. Use. Discuss. 
 Entertain. Discourse. Write. Speak. Ne- 
 gotiate. 
 
 Ant. Drop. Waive. Abandon. De- 
 cline. Suppress. Mismanage. Misuse. 
 Mistreat Maltreat. Misconduct. Miscon- 
 sider. Misarrange. Trifle. 
 
 Tebatise, n. See Treat. 
 
 Syn. Tract. Essay. Paper. Pamphlet. 
 Disquisition. Brochure. Monograph. 
 Article. 
 
 Ant. Jottings. Notes. Adversaria. 
 Memoranda. Effusion. Ephemera. 
 
 Tebaty, n. See Treat. 
 
 Syn. Contract. Agreement. Covenant. 
 Alliance. Negotiation. Convention. 
 
 Ant. Neutrality. Non-interference. 
 Non-alliance. Non-agreement. Non-con- 
 ^'ention. 
 
 Tebmblb, V. int. Fr. trembler, 
 Lat. tremulus. 
 
 Syn. Shake. Quake. Quiver. Shiver. 
 Shudder. Vibrate. Jar. 
 
 Ant, Stand. Steady. Settle. Still. 
 Calm. 
 
 Teemendous, adj. Lat. fre- 
 mendus, from tremere, to tremble. 
 As something to be trembled at. 
 
 Syn. Terrible. DreadfuL AwfuL Ap- 
 palling. 
 
 Ant. Unimposing. Unappalling. In- 
 considerable. 
 
 Tkbmulgub, adj. See Tremble. 
 
 Stn. Vibratory. Shivering. Jarring. 
 Quivering. 
 
 Ant. Equable. Motionless. Smooth, 
 jvibratory. Vibrationless. 
 
 Teknd, v. int. Dan. and Swed. 
 
 trend, round. 
 
 Stw. Deviate, Diverge. Tend. Bend. 
 Curve. Incline. Bear. 
 
 Ant, Continue. Proceed. Advance. 
 
 Trepidation, n. Lat. trepi- 
 dare, to be in a hurried state of 
 alarm. 
 
 Stn. Terror. Trembling. Emotion. 
 Disturbance. Agitation. Panic. Demorali- 
 Kfttion. 
 
 Ant. Immobility. Firmness. Boldness. 
 Steadfastness. Courage, Confidence. Self- 
 command. 
 
 Trespass, v. tr. Old Fr. tres- 
 passer, Lat. trans, beyond, and 
 vassm, a step. See Transgress. 
 
 Trial, n. Old Fr. trial, trier, 
 
 to cull, pick out. 
 
 Sth. Test. Gauge. Experiment. Tempt- 
 ation. Trouble. Affliction. Grief. Bur- 
 den. Sufferii^. Attempt. Endeavour 
 Proof. Essay. Criterion. Ordeal. Verify 
 cation. 
 
 Ant. Non-trial. Non-probation. Mis- 
 measurement Miscalculation. Misesti- 
 mate. Trifle. Triviality. Alleviation. 
 Relief. Disburdenment Refreshment 
 Non-attempt Pretermission. Oversight 
 Disregard. Non-verification, 
 
 Tribulation, n. Lat. tribu- 
 lum, a heavy roller that did the 
 woi-k of a flail. 
 
 Stn. Trouble. Distress. Persecution 
 Suffering. Affliction, Anguish. 
 
 Ant. Joy. Rejoicing. Gladness. Rest 
 Deliverance, 
 
 Tributary, adj. Lat. tributum, 
 tribute, from tribuere, to afford. 
 
 Syn. Subject. Subordinate. Inferior. 
 Dependent. Accessory. Auxiliary, 
 
 Ant. Independent. Unsubdued, Un- 
 conquered. Unreduced, 
 
 Trick, n. See Treachery. 
 
 Syn, Artifice, Contrivance. Machination. 
 Stratagem. Wile. Fraud. Cheat. Juggle. 
 Finesse. Sleight Deception. Imposition. 
 Delusion, Legerdemain, 
 
 Ant, Blunder, Exposure, Bungling. 
 Mishap. Botch, Fumbling, Inexpertness. 
 Maladroltness. Genuineness. Openhanded- 
 ness. Artlessness. 
 
 Trickle, v. int. A word 
 formed from the sound of falling 
 drops. Comp. Dribble and Prov. 
 Germ. trip2)eln. 
 
 Stn. Drip. Drop. Dribble. Ooze. Per- 
 colate. DistiL 
 
 Ant. Flow. Rush. Stream. Pour. 
 Gush. Burst. 
 
 Trifle, n. Old Dutch trey- 
 felen, to trifle. Comp, also Ang. 
 j Sax. trifelan, tribidan, to break 
 into small pieces. 
 
 Syn. Bauble. Bagatelle. Toy, Straw. 
 Nothing, Triviality. Levity. Cipher. Joke. 
 Bubble. Gewgaw. Kickshaw, Rush. 
 
 Ant, Treasure. Portent. Phenomenon, 
 Crisis. Conjuncture. Importance. Ur- 
 gency. Weight Necessity. Seriousness. 
 
 Trifle, v. int. See noun. 
 Sym. Toy. Play. Dally. Wanton 
 Quibble. Fribble. 
 
 2o y 
 
388 
 
 Synonyms and Autonyms, 
 
 Akt, Treat 
 DeaL 
 
 Cope. Tackle. Grapple. 
 
 Tbim, V. tr. Ang. Sax. trij' 
 miun, tryminan, to prepare, 
 
 Stn. Trepare. Order. Deck. Adjust. 
 Clip. Kuibellish. Arrauge. 
 
 Ant. Disorder. Derange. Dismantle. 
 Denude. Divebt. Disarrange. 
 
 Trimmer, n. See Trim and 
 Timeserving. 
 
 Trip, v. int. Dutch trippcn, 
 trlppelen. 
 
 Syn. IJound. Skip. Taunt Fail. 
 Stumble. Mistake. Offend, lirr. Fall. 
 
 Ant. Stand. Succeed. I'rosper. Speed. 
 
 Tritk, adj. Lat. tritus, part. 
 of terere, to ruh or wear. 
 
 SvN. Worn. Hackneyed. Common- 
 place. Obvious. Familiar. Trivial. 
 
 Ant. Original NoveL Startling. Jn- 
 ventive. 
 
 Triumph, n. Lat. triumphus, 
 Old Lat. triumpus. Allied to the 
 Or. Bpuin^os, a Bacchic procession. 
 It used to express both the fact 
 and the feeling of triumph. 
 
 Stn. Victory. Success. Achievement 
 Conquest Elxultation, Trophy. 
 
 Ant. Defeat. Discomfiture. Failure. 
 Unsuccess. Abortion. BafiBing. Disap- 
 pointment 
 
 Triumphant, adj. See Tri- 
 umph. 
 
 Syn. Victorloa*. SuccessfuL Exultant. 
 Elated. Ik)asiful. 
 
 Ant. UnvictoriouB. Baffled. Humiliated. 
 Unsuccessful. Discomfited. Beaten. Worsted. 
 
 Trivial, adj. Lat. trivialis, trcs 
 vice, occurring where three roads 
 meet, so to bo found everywhere. 
 Also belonging to the common 
 curriculum of the ancient univer- 
 sities, the three sciences of gram- 
 mar, logic, and rhetoric, as dis- 
 tinguished from the higher course, 
 or quadrivium, of anthmetic, 
 geometry, astronomy, and music, 
 in addition. 
 
 Sto. Trifling. Trite. Common. Un- 
 uuportaut. Useless. Nugatory. 
 
 A»T- Important. Weighty. Critic«L 
 Ojltoo^i ovel- 
 
 Troop, n. Fr. troupe, Lo\f 
 Lat. troppus, prob. conn, with 
 tarba. Used in the sense of a spe- 
 cific number, "as of cavalry, or an 
 equivalent to forces of an army. 
 Also in the general sense of — 
 
 Syn. Crowd. Assemblage. Multitude, 
 Herd. Collection. Band. Company. 
 
 Ant. Paucity. Selection. Bevy. Elite. 
 
 Trophy, n. Fr. trophe, Lat. 
 tropoium, Gr. rpoTvaiov, strictly a 
 monument of the enemy's defeat 
 or turning to flight, from rpeiTciv, 
 to turn. 
 
 Snr. War-spoil. Acquisition. Laurels. 
 I'alm. Bays. AVreath. Prize. Medal. 
 Feather. 
 
 Ant. Brand. Stigma. Tarnish. Stain. 
 
 Blot 
 
 Trouble, v. tr. Fr. trouUer, 
 Lat. iurbare, to disturb, from 
 turba, a crowd. 
 
 SvN. Disturb. Vex. Agitate. Cinifuse. 
 Perplex. Distress. Harass. Annoy. Tea.se. 
 Molest. Grieve. Mortify. Oppress. 
 
 Ant. Compose. Calm. Allay. Appease. 
 Please. Soothe. Delight Gratify. Re- 
 create. Enterfciin. Relieve. Refresh. 
 
 Trouble, n. See verb. 
 
 SvN. Affliction. Disturbance. Annoy- 
 ance. Perplexity. Molestation, Vexation. 
 Inamvenience. Calamity. Misfortune. 
 Adversity. Anxiety. Embarrassment. 
 Sorrow. Misery. Grief. Depression. Diffi- 
 culty. Labour. Toil. Effort 
 
 Ant. Alleviation. Composure. Plea- 
 sure. Appeasement. Delight Assuage- 
 ment Happiness. Gratification. Boon. 
 Blessing. Exultation. Joy. Gladness. 
 Ease. Facility, l^uck. Recreation. Amuse- 
 ment. Carelessness. Indifference, indo- 
 lence. Inertia. Indiligence. 
 
 Troublesome, adj. See Trou- 
 ble. 
 
 SrN. Tiresome. Irksome. Dlfiicult 
 Tedious. Arduous. Laborious. 
 
 Ant. Easy. Pleasant Amusing. Fa- 
 cile. IJght Unlaborious. Untrouble- 
 
 Truant, adj. Old. Fr. truant, 
 Low. Lat., of uncertain origin, 
 truanus, trudanus, and trutanus, 
 Welsh tru, trvun, wretched. 
 
 Stn. Vagabond. Loitering. idUuf. 
 Shirking. Vagrant Lcose. Ap^Ubk 
 Keuegad* 
 
Stjnonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 Aur. Sedulous. DomcBtlc. Industrious. 
 DtUgent. LojaL Adherent. Faithful. 
 Attached. 
 
 Truculent, adj. Lat. triicu- 
 Icntus, from tr'ux. 
 
 Stn. Fierce. Savage. Barbarous. Cruel. 
 Bloodthirsty. 
 
 Ant. Mild. Inoffensive. Gcntlo. 
 
 True, adj. Aug. Sax. treowe, 
 trewe, trywe, 
 
 SrN. Veritable. Veracious. Exact. 
 Precise. Accurate. Faithful. LoyaL Ac- 
 tual. Genuine. Pure. Real. 
 
 Ant, Fictitious. Unreliable. Unhis- 
 torical. Untrustworthy. Inveracioua. False, 
 inaccurate. Unfaithful. Faithless. Fickle. 
 'JVeacherous. Erroneous. Spurious. Per- 
 fidious. Counterfeit. Adulterated. 
 
 Truism, n. See Truth. 
 
 Syn. Commonplace. Platitude. 
 
 Ant. Discovery, Originality. Paradox. 
 
 Trumpery, n. Fr. tromperie, 
 deceit, from tromper, to deceive. 
 Originally used in this sense. 
 
 Stn, Trash. Tinsel. Tawdriness. Non- 
 sense. 
 
 Ant. Treasure. Valuables. Sense, 
 Wisdom. Truth. 
 
 Trust, v. tr. and int. Old 
 Sax. gitrostf Germ, trost, consola- 
 tion, hope. 
 
 Syn, Confide, Rely. Credit. Believe. 
 Cliarge. fteposit. Entrust, Repose, Hope. 
 
 Ant. Distrust. Suspect. Discredit, 
 Doubt Disbelieve. Resume. Withdraw. 
 Despair. 
 
 Trust, n. See verb. 
 Truth, n. See True. 
 Truthful, adj. See True. 
 Truthless, adj. See True. 
 Try, v. tr. See Trial. 
 
 Syn, Attempt. Endeavonr. Strive, 
 
 Aim. j:xamme. Tet^t. Sound. Gauge. 
 Probe. Fathom. 
 
 Ant, Ignore. Pretermit. Reject. 
 
 Abandon. Discard. Misexamine. Misln- 
 vestigate. 
 
 Tumid, adj. Lat. tumidus, 
 from tumere, to swell. 
 
 Syn. Swollen, Distended. Protuberant. 
 inflat<Hl, Turgid, Bombastic. Pompous, 
 
 Ant. Smooth. Flat. Level. Plane. 
 Eauable. Uninflatcd. Subdued. 
 
 TumuIjT, n, Lat. tumult us, 
 from tumere, to swell. 
 
 Sts. Uproar. Ferment. Disturbance 
 Turbulence. Mutiny. Insubordination. 
 TurmoiL Disorder. Confusion. Noise. 
 Bluster. BrawL Riot. 
 
 Ant, Peace. Pacification. Subsidence. 
 Quiet. Tranquillity. Order. Orderliness. 
 
 Tumultuous, adj. See Tu- 
 mult. 
 
 TuRBED, adj. Lat. turhidus. 
 Syn. Foul, Thick, Muddy. 
 Ant. Clear. Limpid. Crystalline. 
 
 TURBULENCE,>. Lat. tuvlli,- 
 lentia, turba, a crowd. See 
 Tumult. 
 
 Turbulent, adj. See Tumul- 
 tuous. 
 
 Turgid, adj. Lat. turgidus, 
 turgere, to swell. See Tumid, 
 
 Turmoil, n. From turn and 
 moil, to labour. See Tumult. 
 
 Turn, v. tr. and int. Lat. tor- 
 nare, to turn in a lathe, from iJor- 
 nus, a lathe, Fr. tourner, Ang. 
 Sax. tyrnan. 
 
 Syn, Round. Shape. Mould. Adapt. 
 Spin. Reverse, Deflect, Alter, Trans- 
 form. Convert. Metamorphose, Revolve. 
 Rotate. Hinge. Depend. Deviate. Di- 
 verge. Decline. Change. 
 
 Ant. Misshape. Misadapt. Perpetuate. 
 Stabilitate. Stereotype, Fix. Arrest. 
 Continue. Proceed, 
 
 Turn, n. See verb. 
 
 Syn. Revolution, Rotation, Recup 
 rence. Change. Alteration. Vicissitude. 
 Winding, Bend, Deflection, Curve. Alter- 
 nation. Opportunity. Occasion, Time, 
 Deed. OflSce, Act. Treatment, Purpose. 
 Requirement Convenience, Exigence. 
 Crisis, Form. Cast Shape. Manner. 
 Mould. Fashion. Cut 
 
 Ant, Stability. Fixity, Immobility. 
 Stationariness. Unchangeableness. Uni- 
 formity, Rectilinearity. Indcflection, Con- 
 tinuity, Un timeliness. Incognizanoe. Over- 
 sight. Independence. Non-requirement 
 MalfOTmation, Shapelessness. 
 
 Turpitude, n. Lat. t urpitudo, 
 turpis, base. 
 
 Syn. Baseness, Vileness, Dtegracefafc' 
 ness. 
 
 Ant. Goodness, Nobility. Oonateml 
 ableness. Excellence. 
 
390 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Tutelage, n. Lat tufela, pro- 
 tection, 
 
 Snr. Protection. Guardianship. Mi- 
 nority. Training. Pupilage. 
 
 Ant. Majority. Non-tutelago. Inde- 
 pendence. Discretion. 
 
 TuTOB, n. Lat. from tueri, to 
 watch. 
 
 Stn. Guardian. Governor. Teacher. 
 Preceptor. Professor. Master. Savant. 
 
 Ant. Ward. I*upil. Scholar. Student. 
 Disciple. Learner. Tyro. 
 
 Twaddle, n. Conn, with 
 Tattle. Se» Trash. 
 
 Twine, v. tr. and int. Ang. 
 Sax. twinan, from twi, two. 
 
 Syn. Twist Wind, Embrace. En- 
 twine. Wreath. Bind. Unite. Braid. 
 Bend. Meander. 
 
 Ant. Untwist. Unwind. Separate. 
 Disunita Detach. Unwreath. Unravel. 
 Disentwine. Continue. Straighten. 
 
 Twist, v. tr. and int. Ang. 
 Sax. twist, two. 
 
 Stn. Contort. Convolve. Complicate. 
 Pervert Distort Wrest Wreath. Wind. 
 Encircle. Form. Weava Insinuate. Unite. 
 Interpenetrate. 
 
 Ant. Straighten. Untwist Rectify. 
 Verify. Represent. Reflect. Render. 
 Preserve. Express. Substantiate. Un- 
 wreath. Unwind. Detach. Disengage. 
 Separate. Disunite. Disentangle. Disin- 
 corporate. Unravel. 
 
 Type, n. Gr. tvttos, a form. 
 
 Stk. Mark. Stamp. Emblem. Kind. 
 Character. Sign. Symbol. Pattern. Arche- 
 type. Form. ModeL Idea. Image. Like- 
 ness. Expression. Cast Mould. Fashion. 
 
 Ant. Non-descriptfon. Non-classifica- 
 tion. Inexpression. Misrepresentation. 
 Misindication. Falsification. Abnormity. 
 Deviation. Caricature. Monstrosity. 
 
 Typify, v. tr. See Type. 
 
 Stn. Preflgiu"e. Adumbrate. Prede- 
 lincate. Prerepresent Foreshow. Prede- 
 monstrate. Foreshadow. 
 
 Ant. Verify. FulfiL Realize. 
 
 TyBANNT, n. Gr. rvpawoi, a 
 tyrant or autocrat. Used in the 
 twofold sense of the exercise and 
 the condition of tyranny. 
 
 Snr. Despotism. Inclemency. Perse- 
 cution. Autocracy. 
 
 Ant. I<Yeedom. Independence. Hu- 
 manity. Clemency. Constitutionalism. 
 
 Tybo, n. Lat. tire, a netoly- 
 recruited soldier. 
 
 Sth. Beginner. Novice. 
 
 Ant. Professor. Adept Expert. 
 Master. 
 
 u.* 
 
 Ubiquity, v. Lat. nhique, 
 everywhere. 
 
 Sth. Omnipresence. AU-pcrvaBiveness. 
 Boundlessness. 
 
 Ant. NuUiblety. Localization. Limita. 
 tion. 
 
 Ugly, adj. Old Eng. also ug- 
 some, Ang. Sax. egle, egele, hateful. 
 
 Stn. Loathsome. Hideous. Deformed. 
 Monstrous. Ungainly. 
 
 Ant. Attractive. Fair. Seemly. Shapely. 
 Beautiful. Handsome. 
 
 Ulterior, adj. Lat. Fur- 
 ther. ^ 
 
 Stn. Further. Remote. Succeeding, a 
 
 Ant. Immediate. Present Prior | 
 Hither. J 
 
 Ultimate, adf. Low Lat. ul- | 
 timatus, from ultimus, last. 
 
 Stn. Last. Final. Conclusive. Re- 
 motest. Farthest. 
 
 Ant. Prior. Intermediate. Proximate, 
 Preliminary. 
 
 Umbrage, n. Fr. omhrage, Lat. 
 umbra, a shadow A taking un- 
 defined offence ; a shadowy griev- 
 ance. 
 
 Stn. Offences Dissatisfaction. Resent- 
 ment Jealousy. Displeasure. J 
 
 Ant. Complacency. Satisfaction. Gra- l 
 
 tificatlon. ^ 
 
 Umpire, n. Fr. impair, nom- 
 pair, uneven, that is, making a 
 third between two. 
 
 Stn. Judge. Referee. Arbiter. 
 Ant. Litigant Disputant. 
 
 Unanimity, n. Lat. unus, 07ie, 
 and animus, mind. 
 
 Stn. Accord. Concord. Agreement 
 Consent Consensus. 
 
 * For the words compounded of the 
 negative prefix Un reference may be ninde 
 to the words thenselves; as, for Unfair. «M 
 Fair. 
 
!Snnony7m and Antonyms. 
 
 ai#] 
 
 AST. Vt.ria»:!« Discord. Diaagrccmcnt. 
 IMgsent. Di8sentl?nce. 
 
 Uncouth, odj, Un and coothy 
 knotving. Sax. ciidh, hnown. Like 
 quaint, from cognitus. 
 
 Syn. Odd. Unseemly. Awkward. 
 Boorish. Clumsy. Clownish. Underbred. 
 Ungainly 
 
 Ant. Quaint. Neat. Polite. Trim. 
 Modish. Fashionable. Graceful. Courtly. 
 Well-mannered. I'efined. rolishcd. Well- 
 bred. 
 
 Unction, n. I^at. unctio. An 
 anointing, as with a spirit or 
 life. 
 
 Syn. Life. Spirit. Force. Animation. 
 Fervour. Power. 
 
 Ant. Flatness. Tamencss. Weakness. 
 Inanimateness. Coldness. Perfunctoriness. 
 Lifelessness. Dilutedness. Vapidity. 
 
 Unctuous, adj. See Unction. 
 
 Stn. Oily. Smooth. Fawning. Ii'latter- 
 k\g. Fulsome. Sycophantic. Compli- 
 mentary. 
 
 Ant, Abrupt. Unmannerly. Uncom- 
 plimentary. Sarcastic. Cynical. Blunt. 
 
 Underestimate, v. tr. Under, 
 that is, below the right value, 
 and Lat. cestimare, to estimate. 
 
 Stn. Underrate. Undervalue. Dis- 
 parage. 
 
 Ant. Overrate. Overvalue. Exaggerate. 
 
 Underhand, adj. Done, as it 
 were, by a hand working in 
 
 secret. 
 
 Sy». Clandestine. Furtive. Dishonest. 
 Unfair. Fraudulent. Surreptitious. 
 
 Ant. Openhanded. Straightforward. 
 Fair. Honest. Undisguised. 
 
 Underling, n. Under, and 
 the termination of the personal 
 diminutive. 
 
 Stn. Menial. Subordinate. 
 Ant. Master. Superior. 
 
 Undermine, v. tr. To weaken 
 by running a mine underneath. 
 
 Stn. Sap. Subvert. Counteract. Baffle. 
 Thwart. 
 
 Ant. Prop. Support. Gomitenance. 
 Promote. Aid. Corroborate. 
 
 Underrate, v. tr. Under and 
 rate. Lat, rata (sc. pars) a 
 reckoned proportion or valvs. See 
 Underestimate 
 
 Understand, ?;. 6\ Sas* under- 
 standan, to grasp the substantia or 
 essence of a thing. 
 
 Stn. Apprehend. Comprehend. Learn. 
 Recognize. Interpret. Imply, 
 
 Ant. Misapprehend. Miscomprehend. 
 Ignore. Misinterpret. Declare. State, 
 Enunciate. Express. 
 
 Understanding, n. See Un- 
 derstand. 
 
 Stn. Knowledge. Discernment. Inter- 
 pretation. Construction. Agreement. In- 
 tellect. Intelligence. Mind. 
 
 Ant. Ignorance. Misapprehension. Mis- 
 understanding. Misinterpretation. Mis- 
 construction. Mindlessness. Irrationality. 
 
 Undertake, v. tr. and int. 
 Under and take. Ang. Sax. 
 
 tacan. 
 
 Stn. Engage Attempt Stipulate. Pro- 
 ject. Commence, Promise. 
 
 Ant. Decline. Abandon, Drop, Dis- 
 continue. Desist. 
 
 Undertaking, n. See .'ndcr- 
 take. 
 
 Undulation, n. Lat un>i}i,0& 
 a little wave. 
 
 Syn. Wave. Vibration. Swelling 
 Oscillation, Hill, 
 
 Ant, Standing. Arrestation. Rest 
 Flattening. Table-land, Plain. 
 
 Uniform, adj. Lat. uni/ormis. 
 Unus, one, Bud forma, shape. 
 
 Syn. Unvarying. Invariable. Con- 
 formable. Homogeneous. Consistent. Ke- 
 gular. Symmetrical. Equable. 
 
 Ant, Varying. Variable. Inconform- 
 ablc. Incongruous, Diverse. Heterogeneous. 
 Inconsistent Irregular. UnsymmetricaL 
 Multifarious. Multigenous, Polymorphic. 
 Bizarre. Eccentric. Erratic. 
 
 Union, n. Lat. unio, unus, 
 one. 
 
 Syn. Junction. Coalition. Combination, 
 Agreement. Harmony. Confederation. 
 Consolidation. 
 
 Ant. Digunction. Separation. Sever- 
 anee. Divorce. Disagreement. Discord. 
 Disharmony. Secession. Disruption. Mul- 
 tiplication. Diversiilcation. Division. 
 
 Unison, n. Lat. unus, one, and 
 sonus, sound. 
 
 Syn. Harmony. Agreement Concord 
 Union. 
 
 Ant. IMscord. Disbarniony, Di8<tgreA 
 ment Disunion. Variance. 
 
892 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms, 
 
 IIhit, n. Lat. nnitum, part, 
 iinire, to unite, umis, one. 
 Stn. Aco. Item. Part- IndivldnaL 
 Ant. 'i'otal. Aggregate. Collection. 
 Sum. ATass. 
 
 Unite, v. tr. and int. See 
 Unit. 
 
 SvN, Join. Combine. I>ink. Attach. 
 Anialgftniate. Associate. Coalesce. Coiiere. 
 Concatenate. Integrate, Converge. 
 
 Ant. J>isjoin. Sever. J)is60ciate. Se- 
 parate. Disamalgamate. Ttesolve. Dis- 
 connect. Disintegrate. Disunite. Dis- 
 rupt. Divide. Malti|»ly. I'art Sunder. 
 Diverge. 
 
 Unity, n. Lat. unitas, from 
 unus, erne. 
 
 Stn. Oneness. Singleness. Individuality. 
 Concord. Conjunction. Agreement. Uni- 
 formity. Indivisibility. 
 
 Ant. Plurality. Multitude. Com- 
 plexity Multiplicity. Discord. Dis- 
 junction. Separation. Severance. Variety. 
 Heterogeneity. Diversity. Incongruity. 
 Divisibility. 
 
 Universal, adj. UnivemaJis, 
 from universiis, units, one, and 
 vertere, to turn. To turn into 
 one whole. 
 
 Syn. All. Embracing. Total. Un- 
 limited, lioundless. Comprehensive. Ex- 
 haustive. Complete. 
 
 Ant. Partial. Local. Tjimlted. In- 
 complete. E.xclusive. Particular. Inox- 
 haustive. Exceptional. 
 
 Upbhaid, v. tr. Provencal 
 hraidir, hraidar, to cry. 
 
 Syn. Reprove Taunt Reproach. 
 Cliide. 
 
 Ant. Commend. Praise. Eulogize. I^aud. 
 Compliment. Applaud. 
 
 Uphold, v. tr. Up and hold. 
 
 Aug. Sax. healdan. 
 
 Syn. Support Sustain. Elevate. Raise. 
 Comitonancc. Advocate. Sanction. En- 
 courage. Defend. Maintain. 
 
 Ant. Subvert Drop. Discard. Betray. 
 Discountenance. Oppose. Discourage. At- 
 tack. Repudiate. Abandon. Abjure. Re- 
 nounce. 
 
 Upright, adj. Up and right. 
 Lat. recius, straight. Used 
 physically and morally. 
 
 Syn. Vertical. Erect I'orpcndicular. 
 Honest. Honourable. I'ure. I'rincipled. 
 ComdMLtioos. 
 
 Ant, Inverted. Inclined. rHflhoiMit 
 Dishonourable. Corrupt Unprincipled. 
 Unconscientious. 
 
 Uproar, n. Up and roar. 
 Ang. Sax. rarian, See Tumult. 
 
 Uproot, v. tr. Up and root, 
 Dan. rod, allied to Jjat. radix. 
 
 Syn. Eradicate. Extirpate. Weed, 
 Deracinate. 
 
 Ant. implant Sow. Foster. Nurture. 
 Cultivate. 
 
 Upset, v. tr. Up and set. Ang. 
 Sax. scttan. 
 
 Syn, Overturn, Ovcrt'orow Over- 
 balance, Subvert, Disestablish, 
 
 Ant. lilstablish. l»lant Stabilitate. 
 Corroborate, Confirm, 
 
 Upstart, n. Up and start. 
 Old Eng. Allied to stii-. 
 
 Syk, Plebeian. Mushroom. 
 Ant. Personage. Patrician 
 
 Urbane, adj. Lat. urhinus, 
 urus, a city. Having the refined 
 manners of the city. 
 
 Syn. Affable Courteous. Refined. 
 Polite. 
 
 Ant. Boorish. Discourteous. UnreBnad 
 Coarse. 
 
 Urge, v. tr. Jjat. wf/cre. 
 
 Stn. I'ress. J'ush. Drive. Imjirl. 
 Propel. Force. Importune. Solicit. Ani- 
 mate. Incite. Instigate. Stimulate. Ilastcn 
 Expedite. Accelerate. I>espatch. 
 
 Ant. Repress. Hold. Retain. Inhibit 
 Coerce. Restrain. Cohiblt Hinder, lie 
 tard. Discourage. Damp. Obstruct 
 
 Urgent, adj. See Urge. 
 
 Stn. Pressing. Imperative. Immediate. 
 Serious. Grave. Momentous. Indefer- 
 rible. 
 
 Ant. Unimportant Insignificant Tri- 
 fling. Trivial. Deferrible. 
 
 Use, V. tr. Lat. tisua, utor, to 
 use. 
 
 Syn. Employ. Exercise, Treat IVac- 
 tise. Accustom. Habituate. Inure. 
 
 Ant. Discard. Suspend. Ignore. Avoid. 
 Disaccustom. Dishabituate. Disinure. 
 
 Use, n. See verb. 
 Useful, adj. See Use. 
 
 S^-N. Advantageous. Profitable. Helpful 
 Beneficial. Available. Conducive. 
 
 i\j>T. Disadvantageous. UnprofitaM<\ 
 Obstructive. Retardative. PrevenUtlTft 
 Antagonistic, Hostile, Cumbersoise, Dni^ 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 393 
 
 iScnsomp!, TTn >?neficial. Unavnl.able. In- 
 oonducivc Useless, Fruitless. Ineffectual. 
 
 UsKLKSB, adj. See Useful. 
 
 UsKER, V. tr. From an old 
 French word, of wliicli the mo- 
 dern form is Jmis, a door, huis- 
 sier, a doorkeeper or usher. 
 
 Syn. Herald. Introduce. Precede. An- 
 nounce 
 
 Ant. Follow. Attend. Succeed. 
 
 Usual, adj. See Use. 
 
 Stn. Common. Customary. * Ordinary. 
 Normal. Regular. 
 
 Ant. Uncommon. Rare. Exceptional. 
 Uncustomary. Extraordinaiy. Abnormal. 
 Irregular. Unusual. 
 
 Usurp, v. tr. Lat. usurpare, 
 from tisus and rapere, to seize. 
 Syn. Seize. Arrogate. Appropriate. 
 Ant. Receive. Inlierit Accept. 
 
 Utility, n. Lat. utilitas, from 
 utilis, useful. See Useful. 
 
 Utilize, v. tr. See Utility. 
 
 Stn. Localize. Economize. Husband. 
 Ant. Disripate. Waste.- Squander. 
 Sacri (ice. Lose. 
 
 Utter, v. tr. Ang. Sax. utter, 
 icier, exterior or outer. 
 
 Stn. Circulalo. issue. Promulgate. 
 Express. Articulate. 
 
 Akt. Recal. Suppress. Repress. Hush. 
 Stifle. Cbeck. Swallow. 
 
 Vacant, adj. Fr. vacant, Lat. 
 vacans, part, of vacare, to be 
 empty. 
 
 Syn. Empty. Leisure. Unemployed. 
 UnencumbereiL Unoccupied. Void. Un- 
 filled. Mindless. Exhauste<i. 
 
 Ant. Full. Replenished. Business. 
 Kniploycd. Engaged. Occupied. Filled. 
 Thoughtful. 
 
 Vacate, v. tr. See Vacant. 
 
 Stn. Resign. Surrender. AnnuL In- 
 validate. Abrogate. Neutralize. 
 
 Ant. Hold. Retain. FilL Occupy. 
 Eubstantiate. 
 
 Vacation, n. See Vacant. 
 
 St». Holiday. Recreation. 
 Ajra Term. fiu£iz»°£& 
 
 Vacillate, v. int. Lat. vo- 
 cillare. 
 
 Stn. Fluctuate. Dtibitate. Waver. 
 Ant. Determine. Abide. Adhere. 
 
 Vacuity, n. See Vacant. 
 
 Syn. Emptiness. Inanity. Nihility 
 Space. Void. 
 
 Ant. Fulness. Substance. Matter 
 Occupation. Quantity. Bulk. 
 
 Vagabond, n. Lat. vigalmn- 
 dus, from vagari, to stroll about. 
 
 Stn. Wanderer. Vagrant. Rogce 
 Tramp. 
 
 Ant. Worker. Jjabourer. 
 
 Vagary, n. See Vagabond. 
 A stray thouglit or plan, 
 
 Stn, Whim, Fancy. Crotchet, Freak. 
 Caprice, 
 
 Ant. Purpose. Determination. Judg- 
 ment. Conviction. Seriousness. 
 
 Vagrant, adj. Norm. Fr. 
 vagaravt, Lat. vagari, to zvandcr. 
 
 Stn. Vagabond. Strolling. Itinerant. 
 Wandering. Saunterln<j. Roaming, Rov- 
 ing. 
 
 Ant, Domestia Established. LocaL 
 Resident. 
 
 Vague, adj. Fr. vague, Lat 
 vagus. At first wandering, then 
 unsettled, then undefined, 
 
 Stn. GencraU Iax. Indefinite, Un- 
 determined. Popular Intangible. Point- 
 less, 
 
 Ant. Strict. Definite, Determined, 
 Limited. Scientific. Pointed. Specific. 
 
 Vain, adj. Lat. vanus. 
 
 Stn. Empty. Woitljless. Fruitless. 
 Idle, IneffectuaL UnreaL Conceited. 
 Arrogant 
 
 Ant, Solid. Substantial. Sound. Worthy, 
 EiBcient. Effectual Cogent. Potent. Un- 
 conceited. Modest. Real 
 
 Valediction, n. Lat, voU 
 and dicere, to say vale orfareimlU 
 
 Stn. I.«ave-taking. Farewell. Adieu. 
 
 Ant. Salutation. Hail. Welcome. R«. 
 ception. Recognition. 
 
 Valiant, adj. Fr. vaillaiU, 
 Lat. valens, part, of valere, to ha 
 strong. 
 
 Stn. Intrepid. Heroic. Courageouai 
 Brave, Redoubtable. 
 
 Amt. Timid. Puny. Cowardly. Craven. 
 
 Valid, adj. Lat. validus, from 
 valere, to he strong. 
 
394 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Siw. Strong. PowcrfuL Cogent. Sound. 
 Hnbstantlal. Available. Efficient. Suffi- 
 cient. Operative. Conclusive. 
 
 Amt. Weak, Invalid. Powerless. Un- 
 Bonnd. UnsubstantiaL Unavailable. In- 
 efficient. Insufficient. Inoperative. Obso- 
 lete. Effete. Superseded. Inconclusive. 
 
 Valour, n. See Valiant. 
 Valuable, adj. See Vfxi ae. 
 
 St». Precious. Costly. Estimable. 
 Aht. Cheap. Vile. Worthless. Value- 
 less. 
 
 Value, v. tr. Fr. evcduer, It. 
 and Low Lat. valutare. 
 
 Stw. Compute. Rate. Estimate. 
 Esteem. Treasure. Prize. Appraise. 
 
 Ant. Miscompute. Misestimate. Dis- 
 esteem. Disregard. Vilipend. Underrate. 
 Undervalue. Underestimate. PDespise. Con- 
 temn. Cheapen. Vilify. 
 
 Value, n. See verb. 
 
 Vanish, v. int. Fr. s'evanouir, 
 Lat. evanescere, from vanus, 
 empty. 
 
 Stk. Disappear. Dissolve. Fade. Melt. 
 
 Ant. Appear. Approach. IjOohl 
 
 Vanity, n. Lat. vanitas, vantts, 
 vain. 
 
 Stk. P]roptines8. Unsubstantiality. Un- 
 reality. Falsity. Conceit. Self-sufficiency. 
 Ostentation. Pride. Worthlessness. Tri- 
 viality. 
 
 Aht. Substance. Solidity. Substan- 
 tiality. Reality. Truth. Modesty. Self- 
 distrust. Simplicity. Unostcntatiousness. 
 Humility. 
 
 Vanquish, v. tr. Fr. vaincre, 
 pret. tHilngwis, Lat. vincere. 
 
 Stm, (Jonquer. Surmount. Overcome. 
 Defeat, Master, 
 
 Ant. Succumb. Yield. Faint. Fall. 
 
 Vapid, adj. It. vapidus. Lite- 
 rally having lost its flavour or 
 life. Vaporized so as to have 
 little goodness or strength left. 
 
 Sm. Flat. Dull. Spiritless. Flavour- 
 less. Insipid. Tame. 
 
 Ant. Spirited, Animated, Pungent, 
 frenchant. Pitny. 
 
 Variable, adj. Lat. variabi- 
 lis, variare, varius, 
 
 Stn. Changeable. Mutable. Fickle. 
 Oapriciotis. Wavering. Unsteady In- 
 ooGstaot. Shifting. 
 
 Ant, Unchanging. Unchangeable. le^ 
 
 mutable. Constant Firm. Tn»b. Fast 
 
 Staunch, Unwavering. Steady. Unalterable. 
 Invariable. 
 
 Variance. See Variable. 
 
 Stn. Difference. Disagreement. Di* 
 cord. Estrangement. Antagonism- Strife. 
 Hostility. Discrepancy. 
 
 Ant. Unity. Reconciliation. Harmony. 
 Agreement. Pacification. Peace. Ac- 
 commodation. Consent. 
 
 Variation, n. See Variable. 
 
 Stn. Deviation. Alteration. Mutation. 
 Diversity, " Departure, Change. Abnor- 
 mity, Exception, Discrepancy, 
 
 Ant. Continuance. Fixity. Indiver- 
 gency. Exemplification. Law. Rule. 
 Uniformity. Harmony. Agreement. 
 
 Variety, n. Varietas, varius, 
 various. Used both for variation 
 and the specific case of it. 
 
 Stn, Difference. Diversity, Multi- 
 formity. Abnormity. 
 
 Ant. Uniformity, Species. Type. 
 Specimen. 
 
 Various, adj. See Variety. 
 
 Stn. Different. Diverse. Multiform. 
 Multitudinous, 
 
 Ant, One. Same, Identical. Uniform. 
 Few, Similar 
 
 Varnish, v. tr. Fr. vcrnir, 
 vernisser, prob, from the Low 
 Lat. vitrinus, for vitreuSy glassy , 
 vitrum, glass. Used metaphori- 
 cally. 
 
 Stn. Glaze. Gloss. Disguise. Palliate, 
 Embellish. Sophisticate. Furbish. 
 
 Ant. Simplify. Divest. Dlsembellish. 
 Disencumber, 
 
 Vary, v. inf. and tr. Lat. 
 variare, varius. 
 
 Stn. Alter. Dissimilate. Change, Di- 
 versify. Differ, Deviate. Disagree. 
 
 Ant. Perpetuate. Stabilitate. Assimi- 
 late. Stereotype, Harmonize, Conform. 
 
 Vast, adj. Lat, vastus. 
 
 Stn. Waste. Wild, Desolate. Spacious. 
 Wide. Boimdless. Measureless. Enor- 
 mous, Mighty. Huge. Immense. 
 
 Ant. Narrow. Close, Confined. Fre- 
 quented. Populated. Cultivated, Tended 
 Tilled. Limited. Bounded. Circumsctlbed 
 Moderate. 
 
 Vaticination, n. Lat. vati* 
 cinium, vates, a prophet. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 395 
 
 Sin. Prophecy. Divination. Augury. 
 Prediction. 
 
 Ant. Retrospection. Realization. Re- 
 hearsal. Verification. Fulfllment. Ac- 
 complishment. 
 
 Vaunt, v. tr. and int. Ft. 
 avnnt,foriuards. To put forward 
 unduly. 
 
 Syn. Boast. Brag. Puff. Hawk. 
 Trumpet. Cackle. Advertise. Flourish. 
 Cry. Parade. 
 
 Ant. Repress. Suppress. Conceal. Dis- 
 parage. Decry. Detract. 
 
 Veer, v. inf. Fr. virer, Low 
 Lat. virare, Sp. virar. Used as 
 transitive only in certain nautical 
 phrases. 
 
 Syn. Shift. Tergiversate. Trim. Tem- 
 porize:. 
 
 Ant. stand. Stick. Persist. Remain. 
 Adhere. 
 
 Vegetate, v. int. Lat. vege- 
 tare, vegetus, alive. Used figura- 
 tively for leading a life of mere 
 natural subsistence and growth. 
 
 Syn. Grow. Sprout. Germinate. Idle. 
 Bask. Pullulate. Hibernate. 
 
 Ant. Fade. Pine. Wither, Decay. 
 Rot. Stir. Bustle, Work. Energize. 
 Operate, 
 
 Vehemence, n. See Vehe- 
 ment. 
 
 Vehement, adj. Lat. vehe- 
 mens, ve, privative particle, and 
 mens, the mind. Carried away 
 by an uncontrolled and as it 
 were mindless force, 
 
 Syn. Violent Impetuous. Ardent. 
 Burning. Fervent. Raging. Furious. 
 Passionate. 
 
 Ant, Mild. Feeble. Inanimate. Sub- 
 dued. Controlled. Unimpassioned. Pas- 
 sionless. Cold, stoical. Gentle, Weak. 
 Mitigated. 
 
 Veil, v. tr. Lat. velare,velum, 
 a veil. 
 
 Syn. Intercept. Hide, Screen. Dis- 
 gnlse. Palliate. 
 
 Ant. Expose. UnveiL Strip. Denude, 
 Exaggerate. 
 
 Velocity, n. Lat. vdocitas, 
 velox, rapid. 
 
 Stn. Quickness. Swiftness. Speed. 
 Celerity. Rapidity. Fe«'tnee8. 
 
 Ant. Slowness. SluggishneBS, Tardi- 
 ness. Lentor. Languor. Cumbrousnesa. 
 Inactivity. 
 
 Venal, adj. Lat. venalis, ve- 
 nire, to be sold, vemis, sale. 
 
 Stw. Sordid. Mercenary. Ptcetitute. 
 Pelfish. 
 
 Ant. Disinterested. Unmeroenary. In* 
 corrupt. 
 
 Vbnkbatb, V. fr. See Venera- 
 tion. 
 
 Veneration, n. Lat, vene- 
 ratio. 
 
 Stn. Reverence. Adoration. Worship. 
 
 Ant, Contempt. Discsteem. Loathing 
 Vilification. 
 
 Vengeance, n. Fr. vengeance, 
 Lat. vindicare. 
 
 Stn, Retribution. Retaliation. 
 
 Ant. Forgiveness. Pardon. Condona- 
 tion. Amnesty. Grace. Remission. Ab- 
 solution. Oblivion. Indulgence. Re- 
 prieve. 
 
 Venial, adj. Lat. venia, par- 
 don. 
 
 Syn. Pardonable. Excusable. Remis- 
 sible. 
 
 Ant. Unpardonable. Inexcusable, Ir- 
 remissible. Mortal. 
 
 Venomous, adj. Venom. Lat. 
 venenum. 
 
 Syn. Poisonous. Malignant. Virulent 
 Slanderous. 
 
 Ant. Wholesome. Salubrious. Genial. 
 Flattering. JCindly. 
 
 Venture, n. Fr. avenfure, 
 Low Lat. adventura. 
 
 Syn. Speculation. Chance. Hazard. 
 Risk. Experiment. Throw. 
 
 Ant. Non-speculation,- Caution. Re- 
 servation. Calculation. Certainty. Law 
 Method. 
 
 Venturous, adj. See Venture. 
 
 Stn. Daring. Rash. Intrepid. Auda- 
 cious. 
 
 Ant. Unventuresome. Cauttoos. Timid, 
 Unenterprising. 
 
 Veracious, adj. Lat. verax, 
 verus, true. 
 
 Stn. True. Credible. Reliable. Honest 
 Truth-loving. Truthful. Historical. 
 
 Aht. False. Mendadoiis. Inveracious 
 DeceitfoL Unhistorical. Romantic. Imai 
 ginatire. 
 
 Veracity, n. Se^ Veracious. 
 
396 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Vbrbal, cuJIj. Verhum, a word. 
 
 Syv. OraL Spoken. Unwritten. Un- 
 recorded. 
 
 Ant, "Wrftton. Documentary. Episto- 
 lary. Jlecorded. 
 
 VKRBOdE, adj. See Verbal. 
 
 Syn. Wordy. Prolix. Prosy. 'J'edifnis. 
 Ant. Curt. Laconic Succinct. Terse. 
 Concise. 
 
 Verdict, n. Lat. vere dictum, 
 thai tvhich is tridy said. 
 
 Stn. Judgment. Opinion. Dociaion. 
 Sentence. 
 
 Ant, Non -declaration. Indecision. In- 
 detcnnination. 
 
 Veege, w. Lat. vergere, to turn 
 or incline. 
 
 Syn. Border. Brim. Edge. Marcin. 
 Brink. Eve. 
 
 Ant, Heart. Depth. Centre. Midst, 
 
 Verge, v. int. See noun. 
 
 Stn. 'I'eiid. Bend. Slope. Incline 
 Approach. Approximate. 'J'rend. Bear. 
 
 Ant. Decline. Deviate. Kevcrt. Depart. 
 Kecede. Keturn. Back. Retrocede. 
 
 Verify, v. tr. Verus, true, 
 and facere, to make. 
 
 SifN. P:stablish. Confirm, Fulfil. Au- 
 thenticate. Substantiate, identify. Realize. 
 Test. Warrant. Demonstrate. 
 
 Ant. Disestablish. Subvert. Fail. Fal- 
 sify. Mistake. Misrepresent Misstate. 
 Disappoint. Misdemonhtrate. 
 
 Verisimilitude, n. Verum, 
 true, and similitudo, likeness. 
 
 Stn. Probability. Consistency. Likeli- 
 hood. 
 
 Ant. Improbability. Inconsistency. Un- 
 likelihood. 
 
 Veritable, adj. Lat. verita- 
 hilis, Veritas, truth. 
 
 Stn. True. Actual. Real Authentic. 
 Original. 
 
 Ant. False, Fictitious. Unreal. Un- 
 authentic. Spurious, Supposititious. Feigned. 
 Sliam. Untrue. 
 
 Verity, n. Lat. Veritas. 
 
 SvN. Truth. Reality. Actuality, Ex- 
 istence. 
 
 ANT. Falsity. Urireality. Supposition. 
 Hypothesis. Coujecture. Chimera. Dream. 
 Delusion. Fancy. Phantasy. 
 
 Vernal, adj. Lat. ver, vermis^ 
 
 Ant. Wintry. Aged. HrtimaL Hi. 
 bcrnal. Harsh. Ungenial. Cutting. Au- 
 tumnal, Decadent. Declining. 
 
 Versatile, adj. Lat. versa- 
 tills, from versare, freq. of vcrtere, 
 to turn. The word has the two- 
 fold meaning of given to turning 
 or change, and having the faculty 
 of turning from one conception 
 to another, as a versatile mind 
 or person. 
 
 Syn. Changeable. Unsteady. Unfixed, 
 Capricious. Varied. Many-sided. Multi- 
 genous. Manifold. Variable. Mobile. 
 Plastic. Ready. 
 
 Ant. Immovable. Immutable. Fixcdg 
 Unvaried. Unvarying. One-sided. Uni- 
 form. Invariable. Stolid. Immobile. Un- 
 ready. 
 
 Versed, adj. Lat. versatus, 
 versari, to he engaged. 
 
 Stx. Skilled. Practised. Convereanl, 
 Acquainted. Initiated. Indoctrinated. 
 Familiar. 
 
 Ant. Unskilled. Hl-versed. Unpractised. 
 Inconversant Unfamiliar. Uninltiatxy 
 Ignorant Awkward. Strange. Unverst.i. 
 Untaught 
 
 Vertical, adj. Lat. vertex, a 
 turning-point or summit. 
 
 Syn. Perpendicular. Upright 
 
 Ant. Inclined. Slojwd. Scarped. 
 
 Vest, v. tr. Lat. vcstirc, vestis^ 
 a garment. Used also metapho- 
 rically. 
 
 Stk. Robe. Clothe. Furnish. Endow. 
 Ant. Divest Strip. Unrobe. Denuda 
 Deprive. 
 
 Vestige, n. Vestigium ^ foot- 
 step. 
 
 Syn. Trace. Mark. Indication. Sign. 
 Token. Remnant Record. Trail. Scent 
 
 Ant. Misindication. Obliteration. Ef- 
 facement Non-indication. Indemoustrabie- 
 ness. Deletion. 
 
 spring 
 
 Syn. Sprinjc. Youthful. Genial. Balmy 
 
 A^btbran. m. Lat. veteranus, 
 vet us, eris, old, 
 
 Syn. Habitu^. Expert. Adept. Profi- 
 cient 
 
 Art. Tyro. Recniit. Novice. Lubber 
 
 Vex, v. tr. Lat. vexare. 
 
 SvN. Teas*. Irritate. Provoke. Trouble 
 Disquiet Harass. AflBict Annoy. 
 
 Awr. Soothe. Appease. Gratify, tiulvt 
 Pleaae. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 397 
 
 Vexation, 12., Vexatious, acZ/ 
 See Vex. 
 
 ViOARioufi, adj. Lat. vicarius, 
 vicis, change, turn. Not, how- 
 ever, occurring in the nomina- 
 tive. 
 
 Stn. Substitutive. Deputed. Delegated, 
 llepresentative. Procuratorical. 
 Ant. Personal. Self-performed. 
 
 Vice, v. Lat. vitium. 
 
 Stn. Corruption. Fault. iJefect. Evil. 
 Crime. Jmnioralily. Sin. badness. 
 
 Ant. J'urity. Faultlessness. Perfection. 
 Virtue. Immaculatcness. Goodness, Sound- 
 ness. 
 
 Vicinity, n. Lat. vicinus, 
 neif/hhouring. 
 
 Stn. Juxtaposition. Neighbourhood. 
 Nearness. Proximity. 
 
 Ant. Distance. liemoteness. Separation, 
 llemoval. 
 
 ViciouB, adj. See Vice. 
 
 Syn. Corrupt. Fau-lty Defective. Bad. 
 Morbid. IVccant. 
 
 Ant. Pure. Sound. Perfect. Virtuous. 
 Healthy. 
 
 Vicissitude, w. Lat. vicissi- 
 tude. 
 
 Syn. Change. Alternation. Interchange. 
 Kevolution. Mutation. 
 
 Ant. Perpetuity. Stability. Change- 
 lessness. Immutability. Fixity. 
 
 Victim, ??. Lat. victima. Li- 
 terally an animal bound \vith the 
 vitta or fillet of sacrifice. Used 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Sufferer. Prey. Martyr. Dupe. 
 Gull. 
 
 Ant. Sacrificer. Seducer. 
 
 ViOTOiiioue, adj. See Victory. 
 
 Victory, n. Lat. victoria, vin- 
 cere, to conquer. 
 
 Stk. Conquest. Triumph. Ovation. 
 Success. 
 
 Ant. Failure. Defeat Frustration. 
 Disappointment. Abortion. Miscarriage. 
 NoD^uccew. 
 
 ViK, V. int. Ang. Sax. wigian, 
 wiggan, to contend. 
 
 Stn. Strive. Contend. Compete. Emu- 
 late. Rival. 
 
 Ant. Yield. Succumb. Retire. Sur- 
 render. 
 
 ViBW, V, tr. Old Fr. veue. 
 
 Mod. Fr. viie, from veoii , or voir, 
 Lat. videre, to see, It. veduta. 
 
 Syn. Behold. Examine. Inspect. Ex- 
 plore. Survey. Consider. Contemplate. 
 Reconnoitre. Observe. Regai-d. Piitimatei 
 Judge. 
 
 Ant. Ignore. Overlook. Disregard. Mi* 
 consider, Misinspect. Misobserve. Mis- 
 estimate. Misjudge. 
 
 View, n. See verb. 
 
 Syn. Sight. Vision. Survey. Examfci 
 nation. Inspection. Judgment. Estimate. 
 Scene. Representation. Apprehension. 
 Conception. Opinion. Olject. Aim. In- 
 tention. Purpose. Design. End. 
 
 Ant. Blindness. Occulta tion. Obscura' 
 tion, DarkneciS. Misexaniination. Decep- 
 tion. Error. Inclusion, Misjudgment. 
 Misrepresentation. Misconception. Aim- 
 lessness. Non-intention. 
 
 Vigilance, n. Vigilantia^ vigil, 
 luatchfid. 
 
 Syn. Watchfulness, Wakefulness. Sleep, 
 lessness. Observance. Carefulness. Acti- 
 vity. Circumspection, 
 
 Ant. Drowsiness. Inattention. Care- 
 lessness. Indiligence, Somnolence. Inob- 
 servance. Inactivity. Indifference. Con- 
 nivance. Unwatchfulness. 
 
 Vigilant, adj. See Vigilance. 
 
 Vigorous, adj. Lat. vigor, from 
 vigere, to be strong. 
 
 Syn. Strong. Lusty. Powerful. Ener- 
 getic. Efficacious. Nervous. Robust. Vi- 
 rile. Manly. Active. Resolute. 
 
 Ant. Weak. Feeble. Powerless. Nerve- 
 less, Enervated. Debile, Debilitated. 
 Effete. Emasculated. Inactive. Irresolute. 
 Indolent. 
 
 Vile, adj. Lat. vilis. Cheap, 
 worthless. 
 
 SvN. Cheap. Worthless. Valueless. 
 Low. Base. Alean. Despicable, Hateful. 
 Bad. Impure. Vicious. Abandoned. De- 
 graded. AVretched. 
 
 Ant. Costly. Rare. Precious. Valu- 
 able. High. Exalted. Noble. Uouourabl«, 
 Lofty. Venerable. 
 
 Vilify, v. tr. Lat. vilis, and 
 facere, to make. 
 
 Syn. Debase. Degrade. Spoil De- 
 teriorate. Mar. Defame. Traduce. Abuse. 
 Decry. Cheapen. 
 
 Ant. Purify, Retine. Exalt. Raise. 
 Improve. Enhance. EuloglsBt Praisck 
 Land. Panegyrise. Commeui. 
 
 Villainous, adj. Low Lat 
 villanus, a serf, villa, an estate, 
 Stm. St€ Vile. 
 
398 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 VnroiOATB, V, tr, Lai vindi- 
 care. 
 
 Syn. Assert. Maintain. Claim. Sub- 
 Btantiate. Justify. Establisli. 
 
 Ant, Waive. Abandon. Surrender. 
 Forego. Disprove. Disestablish. Neutralize. 
 Nullify. Destroy. Subvert. AnnuL Vitiate. 
 
 Vindictive, adj. Lat vindicta, 
 punishment. Eestricted, however, 
 by usage to an undue or selfish 
 desire of retribution. 
 
 Syn. Revengeful. Spiteful. Unforgiving. 
 Unrelenting. Implacable, iiancorous. Un- 
 merciful. 
 
 Ant. Forgiving. Generous. Forbearing. 
 Merciful. Unvindictive. 
 
 Violate, v. tr. Lat. violare, 
 viSy violence, 
 
 Syn. Ravish. Brealc Infringe. Pro- 
 fane. Transgress. Disobey. 
 
 Ant. Respect Foster. Observe. Re- 
 gard. Preserve. Cherish. Protect. Obey. 
 
 Violence, w. Violentia, vis, force. 
 
 Syn. Vehemence. Impetuosity. Force, 
 Outrage. Rage. Profanation. Infringe- 
 ment. Fierceness, Oppression. 
 
 Ant. Lenity. Mildness. Self-restraint. 
 Feebleness. Gentleness. Respect. For- 
 bearance. Self-control. Observance. Obe- 
 dience. Preservation. Conservation. Pro- 
 tection. 
 
 Violent, adj. See Violence. 
 
 ViiiiLE, adj. Lat. virilis, vir, 
 a man. 
 
 Stn. Manly. Masculine. Robust, Nerv- 
 ous. Vigorous. 
 
 Ant. Feeble. Debile. Puerile. Effemi- 
 nate. Emasculate, 
 
 Virtual, adj. Low Lat. vir- 
 tualis, virtus, power. 
 
 SrN. Potential. Implied. Constructive. 
 Practical Substantial. Indirect. Essential, 
 implicit. 
 
 Ant. Stated. Expressed. Categorical. 
 Direct. Sensible. Material. Definite. 
 Developed. Explicit, 
 
 Virtue, n. Lat. virtus. Ori- 
 ginally, manly, strength, and 
 courage. 
 
 Syn. Power. Capacity. Strength. Force. 
 EflBeacy. Excellence, Value. Morality. 
 Goodness. Uprightness, Purity. Chas- 
 tity, Salubrity. 
 
 Ant, Weakness. Incapacity. Inability. 
 InefiBcacy. Badness. Corruption. Vice, 
 Immorality. Impurity. Uncfaaatity, Viro- 
 Malignancy. 
 
 Vibtuous, adj. See Virhie. 
 Virulence, n. Lat. viruieiv 
 tia, from virus, poison. 
 
 Stn, Venom. Poison. Acrimony, Ma 
 lignity. Malignancy. Bitterness. Male 
 volence. 
 
 Ant, Mildness. Salubriousness. Assuage 
 ment Abatement. Virtue. Benevolence. 
 
 Viscid, adj. Lat. viscidus, 
 from viscum, the mistletoe, or bird- 
 lime made from the berries of 
 that parasite. 
 
 Syn. Glutinous. Ropy. Gelatinous. 
 Sticky, Cohesive. 
 
 Ant. Watery. Limpid. Intenacious. 
 
 Incohesive. 
 
 Visible, adj. Lat. visiUlis, 
 videre, to see. 
 
 Syn. Perceptible. Apparent. Conspi- 
 cuous. Observable. Discernible. Distin- 
 guishable. 
 
 Ant. Imperceptible, Non-apparent 
 Inconspicuous. Impalpable. Microscopic. 
 Invisible. Inobservable, Concealed. 
 
 Eclipsed. Withdrawn. Indiscernible, In- 
 distinguishable. 
 
 Vision, n. Lat. visio, videre, 
 to see. See View. 
 
 Visionary, ad,f. See Vision. 
 
 Syn, Fanciful. Dreamy. Chimerical. 
 Baseless. Shadowy. Imaginary. Unreal. 
 Fabulous. Romantic. 
 
 Ant. Actual. Real, Truthful. Sound. 
 Substantial. Palpable. Unromantic. Sober. 
 Veritable. 
 
 Vital, adj. Vitalis, vita, life. 
 
 Syn. Living. Animate. Life-support- 
 ing. Life-containing. Essential. Import- 
 ant Indispensable. Inseparable. Para- 
 mount MateriaL 
 
 Ant, Mortal. Lethal. Cadaverous. 
 Lifeless. Inanimate. Unessential. Unim- 
 portant. Secondary. Separable. Imma- 
 terial, 
 
 Vitality, n. See Vital. 
 
 Vitiate, v. tr. Lat. vitiare, 
 vifium, defect. 
 
 Syn. Impair, Corrupt Spoil. Iiyure. 
 Invalidate, 
 
 Ant. Corroborate. Confirm. Substan- 
 tiate, Justify. Vmdica:^. Sanction. 
 
 Vivacious, adj. Vivax, from 
 vivus, alive, 
 
 Syn. Alive. Lively. Animated. Sprightl/ 
 Sportive. Active. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 399 
 
 A»T. Dead. Lifelesg. Inmimate. Dull. 
 Stolid. Moody. Heavy. Wooden. Leaden. 
 Torpid. Sluggish. Spiritless. 
 
 VrviD, adj. Lat. vividus, vivere, 
 to live. 
 
 Syn. Bright. Brilliant. Luminous. 
 Resplendent Lustrou*. Radiant. Scin- 
 tillant. 
 
 Ant. Dull, Opaque. Non-luminous. 
 Obscure. Rayless. Lurid. Sombre. Non- 
 reflecting. Dim. Dusky. Cloudy. Nebu- 
 lous. Pale. Wan. Caliginous. 
 
 Vocation, n. Lat. vocatio, 
 vocare, to call. 
 
 Syn. Profession. Office. Calling. Func- 
 tion. Mission. Avocation. Capacity. 
 linployment. Occupation. 
 
 Ant. Inconversance, Incapacity. Lei- 
 sure. Non-employment. 
 
 Vogue, n. Frcncli. Literally 
 a rowing together, a way or cus- 
 tom. 
 
 Syn. Way. Custom. Fashion. Repute. 
 Use. Usage. 
 
 Ant. Desuetude. Disuse. Disesteem. 
 Unfashionableness. Disrepute. Abolition. 
 
 Voice, n. Lat. vox, vocis, Fr. 
 voix. 
 
 Syn. Tone. Utterance. Language. 
 Articulation. Words. Expression. Signi- 
 fication. Opinion. Vote. Suffrage. Sitiy. 
 Control. 
 
 Ant. Aphony. Muteness. Abmutes- 
 cence. Voicelessness. Silence. Inarticula- 
 tion. Inexpression. Dumbnees. Inautho- 
 ritativeness. 
 
 Void, adj. Old Fr. void, from 
 the Lat viduus, wanting or de- 
 prived. 
 
 Syn. Wanting. Empty. Destitute. 
 Bereft. Unoccupied. Unfilled. Unsub- 
 stantial. Lacking. Invalid. Null. 
 
 Ant. Possessed. Endued. Furnished. 
 Full. Occupied. Solid. Substantial. Rich. 
 Valid. Operative. Good. Efficacious. 
 
 Volatile, adj. VolatUis, from 
 volare, to fly. 
 
 Stu. Vaporizable. Sublimable. Dls- 
 tillable. Airy. Spirituous. Evaporatmg. 
 Gay. Lively. Flighty. Capricious. Irre- 
 Bolute. 
 
 Ant. Fixed. Solid. Persistent Dull. 
 Sombre. Demure. Steady. Determined. 
 Resolute. Involatile. 
 
 Volition, n. Low Lat. vditio, 
 from volo, to wish. 
 
 Stn. Will Choice, Preference. De- 
 termination. Purpose. Deliberation. Free* 
 will. 
 
 Ant. Force. Fate. Necessity. Me- 
 chanism. Compulsion, Predestination. 
 Coercion. 
 
 Voluble, adj. Voluhilis, vol- 
 vere, to roll. 
 
 Syn. Rolling. Running. Coursing 
 Fluont. Rapid. Loquacious. Glib. 
 
 Ant. Stagnant Creeping. Tardy. Slow 
 Sluggish. Lazy. Torpid. Hesitating. Tar« 
 diloquent Stammering. Stuttering. 
 
 Volume, n. Volumen, volvere, 
 to roll. Its technical sense oi 
 book is derived from the fact 
 that the early books were manu- 
 script rolls. 
 
 Syn. Size. Body. Bulk. Magnitudeu 
 Compass. Quantity. 
 
 Ant. Diminutiveness. Tenuity. Mi- 
 nuteness. Smallness. 
 
 Voluntary, adj. Voluntas, 
 the will. 
 
 Syn. Deliberate. Spontaneous. Free. 
 Optional. Discretional. 
 
 Ant. Compulsory. Coercive. Necessi- 
 tated. Involuntary. 
 
 Volunteer, v. tr. See Vo- 
 luntary. 
 
 Syn. Offer. Proffer. Tend. Originate. 
 Ant. Withhold. Refuse. Suppress. 
 
 Voluptuous, adj. Voluntas, 
 
 pleasure. 
 
 Syn. Sensual. Luxurious. Self-indul- 
 gent. Licentious. 
 
 Ant. Unsensual. Abstinent Self- 
 denying. Ascetic. Sober. 
 
 Voracious, adj. Vo^-ax, vo- 
 rare, to devour. 
 
 Stn. Hungry. Absorbent Ravenous. 
 Rapacious, insatiate. Omnivorous Gor- 
 mandizing. 
 
 Ant. Epicurean. Squeamish. Fasti, 
 dious. Delicate. Dainty. Nice. 
 
 Vouch, v. int. Nom. Fr. vour- 
 cher. Lat. vocare, to call, i.e., in 
 order to witness. Used with the 
 frep. for. 
 
 Syn. Attest Undertake. Promise, 
 Assure. Warrant Vow. 
 
 Ant. Demur. Repudiate. Decline. 
 
 Abnegate. Abjure. Renounce. Protest 
 
 VoucHSAFK, V. tr. See Vouch. 
 
400 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Primarily, to vouch that another 
 shall be safe, that is, hold harm- 
 less. But as none but a supe- 
 rior could do this, to vouchsafe 
 Clime to mean to grant with the 
 condescension of a superior. 
 
 Syn. Grant. Acc€de. Concede, Con- 
 descend. 
 
 Ant. Refuse. Withhold. Deny. 
 
 Vow, V. tr. Fr. vouer, Lat. 
 vovere, votum. See Vouch. 
 
 VULGAB, adj. Vulgaris, vuhjus, 
 the comrrum people. 
 
 Syn. Popular. General. Ix)ose. Ordi- 
 nary. Public. Vernacular. Plebeian. Un- 
 cnliivat«d. Unrefined. Low Mean. 
 Coarse. Underbred. 
 
 Ant. Strict. Scientific. Philosophical, 
 liestrictod. Technical. Accurate. Patri- 
 cian. Select. Choice. Cultivated. Ke- 
 liiud. Polito High-bred. Stylish. Aris- 
 tocratic. 
 
 Vulnerable, adj. Vtdnera- 
 lulis, vulnus, eris,a wound. 
 
 Syn. Assailable. ^V'^eak. Exposed. 
 Tender. Delicate. 
 
 Ant. Unassailable, Impregnable. In- 
 Tuluerable. 
 
 w. 
 
 Wages, n. Used in plural. 
 Old Fr. wager, wagicr, Ncav Fr. 
 giujer, of which the root is the 
 Gothic vadi, which became the 
 Low Lat. vadium, wadium, and 
 (jnadiuin, a pledge or engagement. 
 
 SvN. Keniuneration. Hire. Compensa- 
 tion. Stipend. Salary. Allowance. 
 
 Akt. Gratuity. Douceur. Premium. 
 Bonus. Grace. 
 
 Wait, v. int. Old Fr. waiter, 
 gaiter, gaitier, and gueiter. Conn, 
 with the Germ, wachten, and the 
 Eng. watch. 
 
 Syn. Stay. Tairy. Rest. Stop. Abide. 
 Expect. 
 
 Ant. Speed. Hasten. Press. 
 
 Waive, v. tr. Same word as 
 wave, though used in a peculiar 
 6€;nse. 
 
 Stn. Forego. Abandon. Remit. CaumI 
 Drop. Koliuquisb. 
 
 Ant Press. Urge. Enforce. Aseert 
 Claim. Vindicate. 
 
 Wake, v. tr. and ird. Ang. 
 Sax. wacan, wacian, wacigati, 
 icacigean, and, in the transitive 
 sense, lueccan, iueccea7i, and aivec' 
 can. 
 
 Syn. Rouse. Suscitate. Excite. Re- 
 animate. Revive. Awake. Watch. Revel. 
 Kvoke. Summon. Provoke. CalL 
 
 Ant. Soothe. Allay. Appease. Lay. 
 Uush. Lullaby. Mesmerize. Tran»iuili;ie. 
 Quiet. 
 
 Wan, adj. Ang. Sax. wann. 
 wonn, wan,tvon. Properly, worn 
 out by toil, from winnan, to 
 labour. 
 
 Stn. Pale. Livid. Lurid. Dusky. 
 IJloodless. Haggard. 
 
 Ant. Fresh-colomed. Lively. Bright. 
 Incarnadine. Sanguine. Chubby. 
 
 W^ANDER, V. int. Ang. Sax. 
 laandrian, wander ian. It has 
 both a general sense and the 
 particular sense of deviating from 
 a given point, course, or subject 
 of thought. 
 
 Syn. Ramble. Range. Stroll. Rove. 
 Expatiate. Roam. Deviate. Stray. De- 
 part. Krr. Swerve. Straggle. Saunter. 
 Navigate. Circumnavigate, I'ravel. 
 
 Ant. Rest. Stop. Perch. i$ivou.ic. 
 Halt Lie. Anchor. Alight. Settle. 
 Moor. Pause. Repose. 
 
 Wane, v. int, Ang. Sax. 
 wanian, won ian. 
 
 6yn. Fade. J'ale. Decrease. Dimirn'sh 
 Decline. Fail. Si:ik. Ebb. Deteriorate 
 Recede. Pine. Droop. Attenuate. Con- 
 tract. 
 
 Ant. Brighten. Increase. Improve, 
 Mend. Advance. Rally. Develop. Re- 
 cover. Expand. 
 
 Want, n. Ang. Sax. wanian 
 Eng. wane. 
 
 Si-N. Deficiency. Lack. Failure. In 
 BuHiciency. Scantiness. Shortness. Oniis- 
 Bion. Neglect. Non-protluction. Ab- 
 sence. 
 
 Ant. Supply. Sufticiency. ProvtaltJi 
 Abuodancc. I'roductiou. Allonaucc. Sap 
 plemeut. Adequacy. 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 401 
 
 Wanton, adj. Welsh gwantan, 
 apt to se/yirate, fickle. 
 
 Stn. Wandering. Roving. Sportive. 
 Playful. Frolicsome. l^oose. Unre- 
 strained. Irregular, Licentious. Dissolute. 
 Inconsiderate. Heedless. Gratuitous. 
 
 Ant. Stationary. Unroving. Unspor- 
 tive. Unplayful. Unfrollcsome. Joy- 
 less. Thoughtful. Demure. Sedate. Dis- 
 creet. Staid. Self-controlled. Well-regu- 
 latrd. Formal. Austere. Purposed. Deli- 
 berate. Cold-blooded. Determined. 
 
 Ward, v. tr. Ang. Sax. ivear- 
 (Uan, to keep. Old Fr. warder, 
 (jarder, quarder. Another form 
 of guard. 
 
 Stn. Watch, Guard. Fend. Repel. 
 Ant. Betray, Surrender. Admit. 
 
 Warfark, n. Old Fr. guerre, 
 and /are (faire), to go or proceed. 
 The condition of war. 
 
 SvN. AVar. flostitities. Antagonism. 
 Campaign. P:ngagement. Belligerence. 
 
 Ant. Peace. Truce. Pacification. Ac- 
 commodation. Reconciliation. Armistice. 
 Neutrality. Friendliness. 
 
 Wartlike, adj. War and like, 
 
 Stn. Military. Martial. Belligerent. 
 Ant. Peaceful. Civil. Unwarlike. Pa- 
 cific. Uumilitary. 
 
 Warm, adj. Ang, Sax, wearm. 
 See Warmth, 
 
 Stn, Calescent. Blood-warm, Thermal. 
 Genial. Irascible. Hot. Ardent, Eager. 
 Excited. Interested. Animated. 
 
 Ant. Frigid. Cold. Tepid, Starved. 
 Indifferent. CooL Unexcited. Passion- 
 less. 
 
 Warmth, n. See Warm. 
 
 Stn, Jucalescence. Ardour. Glow 
 Fervour. Zeal. Heat. Excitement. 
 Earnestness. Cordiality. Animation. 
 
 Eagerness. Vehemence. Geniality. Sin- 
 cerity. Passion. Irascibility. Emotion. 
 Life. 
 
 Ant. Frigidity. Frost. Congelation. 
 Iciness. Coldness. Calmness. Coolness. 
 Indifference. Torpidity. Insensitiveness. 
 Apathy. Slowness. Ungeniality, Insin- 
 cerity. Passionlessness. Hypocrisy. Good- 
 temper. Death. 
 
 Warn, v. tr. Ang. Sax. war- 
 nian. Allied to ware and wary. 
 
 Stn. Prenionish. Moulsh. Admonish. 
 Notify, Dissuade. Deter, Alarm, 
 
 AwT. B oouri^;e. Incite. instigate. 
 ludooe. 
 
 Warning, n. See Warn. 
 
 Warp, v. tr. and int. Aug. 
 Sax. weorpan, to throw or twist. 
 
 Stn. Turn. Twist. Shrink. Give 
 Contort. Bias. Unbinge. Distort. Preju- 
 dice. Corrupt. Narrow. Pervert, 
 
 Ant. Stand. Hold. Direct. Guide. 
 Control. Correct Regulate. Train, Con- 
 duct. Rectify. Expand. 
 
 Warrant, v. tr. Old Fr 
 
 waranter, garanter, gnarantir. 
 
 Stn. Secure. Undertake. Engage. Sup- 
 port. Justify. Assure. 
 
 Ant. Imperil. Endanger, Repudiate. 
 Nullify. Invalidate, 
 
 Warranty, n. See Warrant. 
 
 Wary, adj. Ang. Sax. war, 
 war, Germ, gewahr, aware. Ex- 
 hibiting the caution of experi- 
 ence or suspicion, 
 
 Stn. Suspicious. Cautious. Watchful. 
 Guarded. Circumspect. 
 
 Ant. Unwary. Unsuspecting. Incautious, 
 Invigilant. Unwatchful. Unguarded. Uncir- 
 cunispect. Heedless. 
 
 Wash, v. tr. The intransitive 
 sense being somewhat colloquial. 
 Ang. Sax. luasc, gewasc. 
 
 Stn. I^ave. Rinse. Absterge. 
 
 Ant. Soil. Foul. Contaminate. 
 
 Washy, adj. See Wash. Used 
 metaphorically. 
 
 Stn. Weak. Vapid. Diluted. Spirit 
 less. Pointless. 
 
 Ant. Vigorous. Nervous. Forcible 
 Pregnant. Trenchant. Pungent 
 
 Waste, v. tr. and inf. Ang. 
 Sax, tvestan. 
 
 Stn. Ruin. Destroy. Devastate. Im- 
 pair. Consume. Squander. Dissipate, 
 Lavish. Desolate. Pine. Decay. At- 
 tenuate. Dwindle. Shrivel. Wither. 
 Wane. 
 
 Ant. Restore. Repair. Conserve. Pre- 
 serve, Perpetuate, Protect Husband. 
 P^conomize. Utilize. Hoard, Treasure. 
 Accumulate. Enrich. Flourish. Luxuriate. 
 Multiply. Augment Develop. 
 
 Watch, v. tr. and int. Allied, 
 through the Sax. wacian, to 
 wali-e. 
 
 Stk. Wait. Wake. Contemplate. Ob- 
 serve. Note. Tend. Guard. 
 
 Ajrr, Disregard. Overlook. Mlsol»> 
 serve. 
 
 20 
 
402 
 
 Synonyms cmd Antonyms. 
 
 Watoidpul, adj. See Watch. 
 
 Snr. Vigilact Expectant. WakefuL 
 Heedful. Careful. Observant. Attentive. 
 Circumspect Wary. Cautioud. 
 
 Amt. Unwatchful. Invigllant. Un- 
 wakefuL Slumbrous. Drowsy. Heedless. 
 Careless. Inobservant. Inattentive. Un- 
 nlrcamspect Unwary. Incautious. Uis- 
 t]-acted. 
 
 Waver, v. int. Aug. Sax. 
 wajian, with the same meaning 
 as the Dutch weifden, and the 
 Mod. Germ, waberen, to waver, 
 totter, hesitate. So the word ifi 
 not to be associated etymologi- 
 cally with wave. 
 
 Stn, Hetiltate. Dubitate. Fluctuate, 
 Halt. Vacillate. Alternate. 
 
 Ant. Determine. Decide. Rest Repose. 
 Settle. 
 
 Wayward, adj. Aug. Sax. 
 woewdrdUce, wantonly, from wea; 
 woe, malice. The word expresses 
 the self-will which tends to 
 harm. 
 
 Syn. WilfuL Froward. Perverse. Re- 
 fractory. 
 
 Ant. Docile. Manageable. Amenable. 
 
 Wbak, adj. Ang. Sax. wac, 
 from wican, to yield or totter. 
 
 Syn. Feeble. Infirm. Powerless. De- 
 bile. Fragile. Incompact Inadhesive. 
 Pliant. FraiL Soft Tender. Destructi- 
 ble. Watery, Diluted. Imbecile. Ineffi- 
 cient Spiritless. Foolish. Injudicious. 
 Unsound. Undecided. Unconfirmed. 
 Wavering. Impressible. Ductile. Easy. 
 Malleable. Unconvincing. Inconclusive. 
 Vapid. Pointless. 
 
 Akt. Strong. Vigorous. Robust. Mus- 
 cular. Nervous. Powerful. Tough. Stout 
 Lusty. Sturdy. Compact. Adhesive. Re- 
 .sistent Fibrou.s. Hard. Indestructible. 
 Potent. Intoxicating. Efficient. Spirited. 
 Animated. Wise. Sound. Judicious. Co- 
 gent. Valid. Decided. Determined. Un- 
 wavering. Stubborn. Unyielding. In- 
 exorable. Conclusive. Irresistible. Forci- 
 ble. Telling. 
 
 Weaken, v. tr. See Weak. 
 
 Syn. Debilitate. Enfeeble. Enervate, 
 ] )ilute. Inipair. 
 
 A»t. Strengthen. Invigorate. Em- 
 power. Gorroborate; Gonfirm. 
 
 Weakness, n. See Weak. 
 
 Stv. Debility. Feebleness. Enervation. 
 Dilatioo. Impairment Languor. Imbe- 
 
 cility. Infirmity. Docrepltnde. Frailty. 
 Faintness. InoonclU8ivcni>s8. Worthlesu- 
 ness. Want. 
 
 AST. Strength. Power. Nerve. Spirit. 
 Renovation. Vigour. Lustiness. Tone. 
 Cogency. Activity. Conclusiveness. Effi- 
 ciency. Value. Abundance. 
 
 Wealth, n. Originally used 
 in the sense of weal, from wliicli 
 it is derived. 
 
 Syn. Influence. Riches, Abundance. 
 Opulence. 
 
 Ant. Indigence. Poverty. Scarcity, 
 Impecuniosity. 
 
 Wean, v. tr. Ang. Sax. wen- 
 nian, luennan, to accustom ^ ivean. 
 The English is, however, em- 
 ployed in the following senses : — 
 
 Syn. Disaccustom. Dishabituate. De- 
 tach. Alienate. Withdraw. Ablactate. 
 
 Ant. Accustom. Habituate. Inure. 
 Reconcile. Attach. Associate. Conciliate, 
 Enlist Draw. Attract 
 
 Weapon, n. Ang. Sax. weepen. 
 
 Syn. Instrument Implement Utensil. 
 Arm. 
 
 Ant. Shift Makeshift Contrivance. 
 
 Wear, v. tr. and int. Ang. 
 Sax. werian, werigean, weran, to 
 carry or wear, as, arms or clothes ; 
 hence the derived sense of to im- 
 pair by use. 
 
 Syn. Carry. Bear. E.\hiblt Sport 
 
 Consume. Don. Waste. Impair. Rub. 
 Channel. Groove. Excavate. Hollow. 
 Diminish. 
 
 Ant. Doff. Abandon. Repair. Reno- 
 vate. Renew. Increase. Swell. Aug- 
 ment 
 
 Weary, adj. Ang. Sax. werig. 
 In old use it had an active sense 
 sometimes, though seldom now 
 employed, as a weary way, mean- 
 ing a tedious or laborious 
 journey. 
 
 Syn. Fatigued. Tired. Exhausted. Worn. 
 Jaded. Debilitated. Spent Toil-worn. 
 Faint 
 
 Ant. Fresh. Vigorous. Recruited. Re- 
 novated. Hearty. 
 
 Weave, v. tr. Ang. Sax, 
 we/an. 
 
 Stn. Interlace, braid. Intertwine. In- 
 termix. Plait Complicate. Intenwict 
 
 Ant. UnraveL Untwist Dlooutlo 
 
Synonyim and Antonyms, 
 
 403 
 
 l>.4entangle. KxUlcatt Simplify. Ena- 
 cl«»te. Dimect. 
 
 Wbb, n. See Weave. 
 
 Wed, v. tr. Ang. Sax. ived- 
 dian, to covenant, promise, wed. 
 Only Tised abstractedly in the 
 intransitive sense, but meta- 
 phorically in the transitive. 
 
 Stn. Link. Marry. Espouse, 
 Ant. Separate. Divorce. 
 
 Wedlock, n. See Wed. Wed- 
 Idc, from wedd and lac, a gift or 
 offering. 
 
 Syk. Marriage. Matrimony. Espousals. 
 Nuptials. Coverture. Match. 
 
 Akp. Celibacy. Singleness. Misogamy. 
 Divorce. 
 
 Weight, n. Ang. Sax. loiht, 
 gewiht. 
 
 Stn. Gravity. Ponderosity. Heaviness, 
 Pressure. Burden. Importance. Power, 
 Influence. Efficacy. Consequence. Mo- 
 ment. Impressivencss. 
 
 Ant. Lightness. Levity. Portablenoss. 
 Alleviation. Unimportance. Insignifi- 
 sance. Weakness. IneflRcacy. Unim- 
 pressiveBess. Triviality. Worthlesaness. 
 
 Welcome, n. Well and come. 
 
 Syn. Reception. Salutation, 
 Ant. Repudiation. Repulsion. 
 
 Welcome, adj. See noun. 
 
 Stn. Grateful. Acceptable, Pleasant. 
 Agreeable. 
 
 Ant. Unwelcome. Ungrateful. Un- 
 acceptable. Distasteful. Unpleasant. Dis- 
 agreeable. 
 
 Welfare, n. Well and fare, 
 to go or proceed. 
 
 Stn. Wellbeing. I'rosperlty, Happi- 
 oess. Luck, Thrift. 
 
 Ant. Adversity. Reverse. Unsuccess. 
 Unprosperousnesa. Unbappiness. Ill-luck. 
 Harm. Hurt. 
 
 Wheedle, v. tr. Perhaps from 
 the Ang. Sax. wadlian, to be poor, 
 to Ug, imless we suppose a purely 
 phonetic origin for the word, as 
 imitative of some coaxing sound. 
 
 Stn. Coax. Cajole. Decoy. Flatter. 
 F.ntice. 
 
 Amt. Det(.-r. Chide. Scare. Undeceive. 
 Disabuse. 
 
 Whet, v. tr. Ang. Sax, hwet- 
 
 tan, to sharpen. Used meta- 
 phorically. 
 
 Stn. Sharpen. Incite. Stiranlate. 
 Ant. Blunt. Pall Deaden. Satiate 
 Nauseate. 
 
 Whimsioal, adj. Perhaps 
 from the Welsh chwim, a brisk 
 motion. 
 
 Sth. Freakish. Capricious. Fanciful 
 Fantastic. Quaint. Droll. Farcical. 
 
 Airr. Staid. Serious. Sober. Orderly 
 Demure. Sedate. 
 
 Whole, adj. Ang. Sax. ha/, 
 whence Eng. hale, sound, healthy. 
 
 Stn, Total. Entire. Complete. Sound. 
 Healthy. Perfect Unimpaired. Undi- 
 minished. Integral. Undivided. Gross. 
 
 Ant. Partial. Imperfect. Incomplete. 
 Unsound. Sick. Impaired. Diminished. 
 Fractional. Divided. Sectional. 
 
 Whole, n. See adjective. 
 
 Wholesome, adj. See Whola 
 Tending to health. 
 
 Stn. Healthful, Salnbrlous. Salutary. 
 Salutiferous. Beneficial. 
 
 Ant. Unhealthy. Unbealthful. Insalu- 
 brious. Insalutary. P*rejudlcial. Un- 
 wholesome. Deleterious. DetrimeiitaL 
 Morbific 
 
 Wicked, adj. Ang. Sax. wic- 
 cian, to bewitch. As if crimes 
 were attributed to some evil in- 
 fluence or enchantment. 
 
 Stn. Evil. Bad. Godless. Sinful, im- 
 moraL Iniquitous. Criminal. Unjust. 
 Unrighteous. Irreligious. Profane. Un. 
 godly. Vicions. Atrocious. Nefarious. 
 Heinous. Flagitioas. Abandoned. Cor- 
 rupt 
 
 Ant. Good, Virtuous. Just Godly 
 Moral. Religious. Upright Honest Pure. 
 Honourable. Incorrupt Sinless. Spotless. 
 Immaculate. Stainless. 
 
 Wield, v. tr. Ang. Sax. 
 wealdan, waldan, to rule. 
 
 Stn. Manage. Handle. Employ. Swuy. 
 
 Ajrr. Mismanage. Misemploy. Discard. 
 Resign. Depose. Surrender. Deposit Ab- 
 dicate. 
 
 Wild, adj. Ang. Sax. vdld 
 Used in many analogous senses. 
 
 Stn. Untamed. Undomestlcated. Un 
 caltlvated. Uninhabited. Desert Savage. 
 Uncivilized. Unrefined. Rude. Ferodona, 
 Untrained. VioUAt Ferine Ttirbalect 
 
404 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 Ungovorncd. Inordinate. Digorderlv. Chi- 
 merical. Visionary, incoherent. Raving. 
 Distracted. Haggard. 
 
 Ant. Tame. Domesticated. Cultivated, 
 Inhabited. Frequented. Populous. Civi- 
 lized. Polite. Iloflned. Reclaimed. Gentle. 
 Mild, Subdued. Kegulated. Orderly. 
 Rational. Collected. Coherent. Sane. 
 Sober. Sensible. Calm. Trim. 
 
 Wile, n. Ang. Sax. wile, of 
 which another form is guile, 
 through the Old Er. guile. It 
 generally implies a covert aim at 
 others* hurt. 
 
 Stk. Guile. Craft. Cunning. Artifice. 
 Art. Device. Machination. Plot. Design. 
 Stratagem. 
 
 Ant. Openness. Candour. Ingenuous- 
 ness. Friendliness. Franluiess. Artless- 
 ness. 
 
 Wilful, adj. Will and full. 
 Either according to the will, as 
 distinct from accidental, or with 
 too much of self, and so self- 
 willed. 
 
 Stn. Purposed. Deliberate. Designed. 
 Intentional. Prepense. Premeditated. Pre- 
 concerted. Wayward, llcfrnctory. Stub- 
 born. Self-willed. Headstrong. 
 
 Ant. Undesigned. Accidental. Unin- 
 tentional. Unpremeditated. Docile. Obe- 
 dient. Amenable. Manageable. Deferen- 
 tial. Considerate. Thoughtful. 
 
 Win, v. tr. and int. Ang. 
 Sax. wonnan, to strive, labour, 
 light, gain. 
 
 Stn. Allure. Procure. Gain. Obtain. 
 Conciliate. E<»rn. Succeed. Conquer. 
 
 Ant. Repel. Forfeit. Miss. Alienate. 
 Fail 
 
 Winning, adj. See Win. 
 
 Syn. Alluring. Engaging. Attractive. 
 Seductive. 
 
 Ant. RepoWve. Unpleaslng. Unat- 
 tractive. Unwinning. 
 
 Winnow, v. tr. Ang. Sax. 
 windevian, to fan, 
 
 Stn. Sift. Simplify. Eliminate. • Dis- 
 encumber. Sort. 
 
 Ant. Conftiae. Amalgamate, Confound. 
 Intermix. 
 
 Wisdom, n. Ang. Sax. wisdom, 
 trom wts, wise, and the tcrmi- 
 uative dom, of prevalence. 
 
 Sin. Knowledgfi. Erudition. Learn- 
 
 ing. Enlightenment. Attainment. Inionuh 
 tion. Discernment. Judgment. Bagacity 
 Prudence. Light. 
 
 Akt. Ignorance. IlliteratenesB. ScioUsm 
 Empiricism. Smattering. Inacquaintanco 
 indlscernment Injudidousness. Folly 
 Imprudence. Daruuess. 
 
 Wise, adj. See Wisdom. 
 
 Wit, n. Ang. Sax. wit, ivitt, 
 gewitt. 
 
 Sys. Mind. Intellect Sense. Reason, 
 Understanding. Humour. Ingenuity. 
 
 Ant. Mindlessness. Senselessness. 
 Irrationality. Dulness. Stolidity. Stupi- 
 dity. Doltishness. Wash. Vapidity. In- 
 anity. Platitude. Commonplace. 
 
 Withdraw, v, tr. and int. 
 With and draw. 
 
 Stn. Retract. Recal. Revoke. Wrest. 
 Retreat. Retire. Recede. 
 
 Ant. Offer. I'roffer, Propound. Pro- 
 duce. Afford. Contirm. Reiterate. Re- 
 peat. 
 
 Wither, v. tr. and int. Ang. 
 Sax. wyderu, dryness, 
 
 Stn. Shrivel. Dry. Collapse. Shrink. 
 Blast. Blight. 
 
 Ant. Swell Grow. Freshen. Luxu- 
 riate. Wanton. Refresh. E.xpand. De- 
 velop. 
 
 Withhold, v. tr. With, hav- 
 ing the sense of with one's self, 
 and so against, or prohibitory 
 to another, and hold. 
 
 Stn. Retain Keep. Inhibit. Cohlbit. 
 Stay. Restrain. Refuse, Stint. 
 
 Ant. Grant. Afford. Furnish, Pro- 
 vide. Allow. Permit. Encourage. Incite. 
 Concede. Lavish. 
 
 Withstand, v, tr. and int. 
 With, as in withhold, and stand. 
 
 Stn. Oppose, Resist. Confront. Face, 
 Ant. Yield. Surrender. Submit. Ac- 
 quiesce. Countenance. Support. En- 
 courage. Aid. Abet, Back. 
 
 Witness, n. Ang. Sax. witness, 
 gezvitnesa, from witan, to know. 
 
 Stn. Attestation. Testimony. Evi- 
 dence. Corroboration. Cognizance. Corro- 
 borator. Eye-witness. Ear-witness. Spec 
 tator. Auditor. Testifier. Voucher. 
 
 Ant. Invalidation. Incognizance. Refutiv- 
 tion. Ignorance. Alien, ignoramus. 8trai)|f:r 
 
 WriTY, adj. See Wit 
 
Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 405 
 
 Wok, n. Ang. Sax. im. 
 
 Stn. Grief. Sorrow. Misery. Cala- 
 mity. Affliction. Distress. Disaster. 
 Trouble. Malediction. Curse. 
 
 Ant. Joy. Gladness. Comfort. Boon. 
 Happiness. Prosperity. Weal. Benedic- 
 tion. Blessing. 
 
 Wonder, n. Ang. Sax. wun- 
 der. Used for the feeling of 
 wonder, and anythiog which may 
 excite it. 
 
 Syn. Amazement. Astonishment. Sur- 
 prise. Admiration. Phenomenon. Pro- 
 digy. Portent. Miracle. Sign. Marvel 
 
 Ant, Inastonishment. ^ Indifference. 
 Apathy. Unamazement. 'Anticipation, 
 Expectation. Familiarity. Triviality. 
 
 Wonderful, adj. See Won- 
 der. 
 
 Si'N. Amazing. Astonishing. Surpris- 
 ing. Startling. Awful. Prodigious. Por- 
 tentous, Marvellous. Miraculous. Super- 
 natural. Unprecedented. 
 
 Ant. Unamazuig. Unastonishing. Un- 
 surprising. Common. Every-day. Regu- 
 lar. Normal. Customary. Usual. Ex- 
 pected. Anticipated. Calculated, Current. 
 Natural, Unwonderful. Unmarvellous. 
 
 Wont, n. Ang. Sax. waned, 
 from won, ivone, to dwell, whence 
 wnna, custom. 
 
 Syn, Rule. Custom. Use, Habit, 
 AuT. Exception. Deviation. Disuse. 
 Desuetude. 
 
 Word, n. Ang. Sax. word. 
 
 Stn. Term. Expression. 
 Ant Idea. Conception. 
 
 Work, n, Ang. Sax. tucorc, 
 were, wore. Used for labour, and 
 the result of it 
 
 Syn, Exertion. Effort. Toil. Labour. 
 Employment. Performance, Production. 
 Product. Effect. Result. Achievement. 
 Composition. Operation. Issue. Fruit. 
 
 Ant. Effortlessness. inertia. Rest. 
 Inoperativeness. Non- employment. Non- 
 performance, Non-production. Abortion. 
 MUcarriage. Frustration. Neutralization, 
 Fruitlessness. 
 
 Worry, v. tr. Dutch worgen, 
 wurqen, to throttle. 
 
 Stn. Harass. Importune. Vex. Mo- 
 lest. Annoy. Tease. Torment. Dis- 
 qnut. 
 
 Ant. Soothe. Calm. Gratify Please, 
 Amoso. (juiet. 
 
 Worship, v. tr.^ Worth and 
 the termination ship. 
 
 Stn, Adore. Reverence, Rerere. 
 Ant, Abominate, Loathe, Contenm. 
 
 Worship, n. See verh. 
 
 Worth, n. Ang. Sax. weordh, 
 wyrdh, wurdh. 
 
 Stn. Value. Rate, EFtimatc, Co«L 
 IMse. Merit. Desert. lExcellence, 
 
 Ant. Inappreciablenesa. Cheapness. 
 Worthlessness. Demerit. 
 
 Worthless, adj. See Worth. 
 
 Stn. Cheap. Vile. Valueless. Useless. 
 Base. Contemptible. Despicable. Repro- 
 bate. Vicious. 
 
 Ant. Costly. Rich. Rare. Valuable. 
 Worthy. Useful.' Honourable. Estimable. 
 Excellent. Noble. Precious. Admirable. 
 Virtuous. 
 
 Worthy, adj. See Worth- 
 less. 
 
 Wound, v. tr. Ang. Sax. 
 
 wund. 
 
 Syn. Rend. Cut. Hurt. Injure, 
 Harm. Damage. Pain. Mortify, Annoy 
 Gall. Irritate. I^aceratc. 
 
 Ant, Heal. Soothe. Allay. Repair 
 
 Mollify. Soften. Gratify. Please. 
 
 Wrangle, v. int. Ang. Sax. 
 ivriufjan, to wrest or wring, Low 
 Germ, wrangen, to wrestle. 
 
 Syn. Altercate. Bicker Brawl, Jangle. 
 Contend. 
 
 Ant. Converse. Confabulate. Harmo- 
 nize. Accord. 
 
 Wrap, v. tr. Prob. allied to 
 warp, 
 
 Sth. AVind. Fold. Involve. Infold. 
 Envelop. Encumber. 
 
 Ant. Unwind. Unfold. Develop. Un- 
 wrap. Eliminate. 
 
 Wrath, n. Ang Sax. wrcedh. 
 
 Syn. Ire, Passion, Rage, Fury. An- 
 ger. Exasperation. 
 
 Ant. Gratification. Approval. Delight. 
 Appeasement. Pacification. Reconciliation 
 Compassion. Leniency. Mercy. 
 
 Wretched, adj. Aug. Sax. 
 wrecca, tvracca, a vagrant or exile. 
 
 Stn. Miserable. Debased. Humiliated. 
 Fallen. Ruined. Pitiable. Mean. Paltry. 
 Wortliless. Vile. Despicable. Contempt- 
 ible, fctorrowl'ul. Afflicted. Melancholy 
 Dejected. 
 
406 
 
 Synonyms and Antonyms. 
 
 ANT, Flonrlshlng. Prospcrons. Happy. 
 Unfallen. Admirable. Noble, Honour- 
 able, Worthy. Valuable. Enviable. 
 Joyous. Felicitous. Elated. 
 
 Weong, «<£/. Allied to wring, 
 OS if wrung from the right. 
 
 Syn. Unfit. Unsuitable. Improper. 
 Mistaken. Incorrect. Erroneous. Unjust. 
 Illegal. Inequitable. ImmoraL Injurious. 
 Awry. 
 
 Akt. Fit. Suitable. Proper. Correct. 
 Accurate. Right. Just Legal. Equit- 
 able. Fair. Moral. Beneficial. Straight. 
 
 Wet, adj, Dan. vHe, wide, to 
 bend. 
 
 Stn. Atwlst. Contorted. Distorted. 
 Deformed. Deranged. 
 
 Ant. StraighL Right Just Fit. 
 Proper Shapely. Comely. 
 
 Yoke, v. ir. Ang. Sax. geof^ 
 joc, j'lcc. Used metaphorically 
 for to fasten as by a yoke, or to 
 reduce as under a yoke. 
 
 Stk. Couple. Connect Llnlc. EnsUve 
 Subjugate. 
 
 Ant. Dissever. Divorce. Disconnect 
 Liberate. Release. Mannmlt Enfran- 
 chise. 
 
 Youthful, adj. Ang. Sax. 
 geogudh, with other forms. 
 Youth. 
 
 Stn. Juvenile. Young. Early. Fresh, 
 Beardless. 
 
 AUT. Aged. Senile. Mature. Decrepit 
 Decayed. Venerable. Antiquated. Super- 
 annuated. 
 
 z. 
 
 Yearn, v. int. Ang. Sax. gcor- 
 vian, gernan. Conn, with earn. 
 To be desirous. Used formerly 
 in the sense, now obsolete, of to 
 Bufifer grief or pain. 
 
 Stn. Long. Hanker. 
 Ant. Loathe; Revolt Recoil. Shud- 
 der 
 
 Yield, v. tr. and int. Ang. 
 Sax, gildaUy geldan, to pay. 
 
 Syn, Furnish, Produce. Affoid. Ren- 
 der. Relinquish. Resign. Surrender. Con- 
 cede. Allow. Grant. Submit. Consent. 
 Agree. 
 
 Ant. Withdraw. Withhold. Retain. 
 Deny. Refuse. Vindicate. Assert. Claim. 
 Disallow. Appropriate. Resist Dissent 
 Piotcst Recalcitrate. Struggle. Strive 
 
 Zeal. Fr. zele, It. zelo, Gr. 
 
 (rjXos. 
 
 Syn. Ardour. Interest Energy. Hn- 
 gagedness. Heartiness. EarncstnesH. Fer- 
 vour. Enthusiasm. 
 
 Ant. Apathy Indifference. Torpor 
 Coldness. Carelessuess, Sluggishness. In- 
 coi-diality 
 
 Zealot, n. See Zeal. 
 
 Syn. Partisan. Bigot Enthusiast 
 Fanatic, 
 
 Ant, Renegade, Traitor. Deserter 
 
 Zest, n. Lat. scMstus, Gr. 
 (rx'-o'Tos, o-xiC^f'V, to split, a piece 
 of spice or peel cut or split to 
 give a flavour. 
 
 Stk. Flavour. Appetizer. Rclwh. 
 Sharpener. Recommendation. Enhancement 
 Ant. Distaste. Disrelish. Detriment. 
 
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