UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 AT LOS ANGELES 
 
 THE GIFT OF 
 
 MAY TREAT MORRISON 
 
 IN MEMORY OF 
 
 ALEXANDER F MORRISON
 
 "Great TKttrfters," 
 
 EDITED I1V 
 
 PROFESSOR ERIC S. ROBERTSON, M.A. 
 
 LIFE OF SCOTT.
 
 « ■
 
 LIFE 
 
 OF 
 
 SIR WALTER SCOTT. 
 
 BY 
 
 CHARLES 
 
 DUKE 
 
 YONGE 
 
 ij 
 
 
 • - " • " • ' 
 
 » > , > 
 » . 
 
 
 til 
 
 
 4 ... 
 
 
 LONDON: 
 WALTER SCOTT, LIMITED, 
 
 24 WARWICK LANE. 
 
 C<4// rights reserved!)
 
 • • * 
 
 * • • 
 
 I I • . 
 
 » • I 
 • I • 
 
 .... 
 
 ' . ■ 
 
 
 • • • • • 
 
 • • » <
 
 Sc 
 
 a 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PAGP 
 
 Dirth and parentage of Scott ; he becomes lame through a 
 childish fever ; his early fondness for old ballads and 
 legends ; popularity among his schoolfellows as a teller of 
 stories ; becomes a law student ; translates Burger's 
 " Leonora," and Goethe's " Gotz von Berlichingen " ; 
 marries ; is appointed Sheriff of Selkirkshire ; publishes a 
 collection of " Border Minstrelsy " ; forms a connexion with 
 Ballantyne ; publishes " The Lay of the Last Minstrel " ; 
 condition of English poetry in general at the time . 1 1 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Scott obtains the reversion of a Clerkship of Sessions ; legacy from 
 an uncle ; devotes himself exclusively to literature ; edits 
 Dryden's works ; becomes acquainted with Wordsworth 
 and Southey ; Wordsworth's opinion of Dryden ; lives at 
 Ashestiel ; becomes Quarter-master of the Edinburgh volun- 
 
 429829
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 fAGE 
 
 teers ; " Marmion " ; the introductory epistles ; imputed 
 disparagement of Fox ; Scott's conduct forgiven ; examina- 
 tion of " Marmion's" title to be called an epic poem . 28 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 He undertakes an edition of " Swift," &c. ; establishment of 
 The Quarterly Review ; his aid of Hogg, and other literary 
 aspirants ; his enjoyment of his family circle ; his dogs ; his 
 eagerness as a sportsman ; his first visit to London ; makes 
 acquaintance with Gifford, Canning, &c. ; makes an excur- 
 sion into the Highlands; "The Lady of the Lake"; 
 Jeffrey's praise ; suitableness of the octosyllabic metre to 
 narrative poetry ; Byron's idea and practice ; visits Staffa ; 
 plans " The Lord of the Isles " ; Byron's attack on " Mar- 
 mion" in " English Bards and Scotch Reviewers" ; Paro- 
 dies ; Father Prout ; the " Rejected Addresses" . • 42 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 Purchase of Abbotsford ; correspondence with Byron; Scott 
 praises " Childe Harold " ; " Rokeby " ; his own comments 
 on the characteristics of his different poems ; Moore's jest- 
 ing description; "The Bridal of Triermain " published 
 anonymously ; declines the appointment of Poet Laureate ; 
 "The Lord of the Isles" ; examination of the character of 
 Scott's genius as displayed in the poems . . . 58 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Scott becomes a novelist; publishes " Waverley " anony. 
 mously ; three classes of the novels ; the design of the 
 novels; constant popularity of "Waverley"; a second 
 voyage to the Western Isles; "Guy Mannering" . . 76
 
 CONTENTS. 7 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 KAGR 
 
 He visits London ; meets Byron ; dines with the Prince Regent ; 
 Waterloo ; Scott repairs to the Continent ; visits Waterloo 
 and Paris ; collects memorials of the great battle ; Partant 
 pour la Syrie ; "The Field of Waterloo"; planting at 
 Abbotsford ; Tom Purdie ; "The Antiquary"; "Tales 
 of my Landlord"; "The Black Dwarf"; "Old Mor- 
 tality" ; fresh purchases of land ; " The Sultan of Serendib" 87 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 He is attacked by severe illness 5 " Rob Roy " ; increase in the 
 popularity of all the novels; "Tales of my Landlord," 
 second series ; " The Heart of Midlothian " ; other works 
 undertaken at the same time ; commission to search for the 
 Regalia of Scotland ; " Tales of my Landlord," third 
 series; " The Bride of Lammermoor " ; "The Legend of 
 Montrose"; Defoe's "Memoirs of a Cavalier"; he is 
 made a Baronet ; death of his brother-in-law, and inheri- 
 tance of latter's property ; " Ivanhoe " ; depression of trade ; 
 distress, and riots ; he organises a force of sharpshooters ; 
 comparison with the volunteers of the present day . . 100 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 ' The Monastery " ; " The Abbot " ; " Kenilworth " ; license 
 permitted to writers of fiction on historical subjects ; ana- 
 chronisms in "Kenilworth " and other novels ; comparison 
 with "Othello" 113 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 The Pirate " ; " The Fortunes of Nigel " ; visit of George IV. 
 to Scotland ; the coronation ; restoration of the Jacobite 
 nobles ; a fresh attack of severe illness ; " Peveril of the 
 Peak " ; Scott's frequent negligence as to the plot of a
 
 3 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGK 
 
 novel ; examination of some criticisms ; " Quentin Dur- 
 ward"; its reception in France; "St. Ronan's Well"; 
 " Redgauntlet" 120 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 Scott's income, social position, and habits ; embellishments of 
 Abbotsford ; visitors ; Captain Basil Hall's journal ; 
 Moore's visit and recollections ; Scott contemplates the 
 " Life of Napoleon " ; " Tales of the Crusaders "— " The 
 Talisman"and "The Betrothed"; " Woodstock "; descrip- 
 tion of Cromwell and Charles II. too favourable ; " The 
 Fair Maid of Perth " ; " Anne of Geierstein" ; its popu- 
 larity in Germany ; fresh attacks of illness ; death of Lady 
 Scott ; the bankruptcy of Ballantync ; " Letters of Mala- 
 growther " ; Swift's " Drapier's Letters " ; variety of Scott's 
 writings at this time ....... 140 
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 Revisits Paris to procure materials for the " Life of Napoleon"; 
 his welcome there ; Les dames de la Halle ; Pozzo di Borgo ; 
 Marshal Macdonald ; the Duke of Wellington supplies Scott 
 with some original documents; his health begins to fail ; 
 publication of the "Life"; Lockhart's criticism over- 
 strained ; anger of General Gourgaud ; Scott expects a 
 challenge ; the " History of Scotland " ; " The Tales of a 
 Grandfather " ; proposed publication of all his works in a 
 Collected Edition ; an attack of paralysis ; excitement of 
 the Reform Bill ; offer of a seat in the Privy Council ; the 
 First Lord of the Admiralty gives him a passage to the 
 Mediterranean in the Bar/iam frigate ; lands on Graham's 
 Island ; Malta ; Naples ; collects specimens of the national 
 minstrelsy; translation of "Old Mortality " into Italian; 
 death of Goethe ; Rome ; return to Scotland ; fresh attack 
 at Nimeguen ; he reaches Abbotsford in July ; dies, Sep- 
 tember 21, 1832 161
 
 CONTENTS. 9 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 FAGS 
 
 General characteristics of the poems ; points in which the novels 
 resemble them ; the battle of Bannockburn ; the battle of 
 Granson ; Flora Mclvor's bower ; Philipson in the Alps ; 
 excellence of his female portraits in the novels, as in the 
 poems ; humour in the novels ; Landor on humour ; the 
 Baron ; the Antiquary ; Colonel Mannering ; the Baillie ; 
 Ualgetty ; Meg Uods ; Scott's personal character . .182 
 
 INDEX 201
 
 LIFE OF SCOTT. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 WALTER SCOTT, the great glory of modern 
 literature in England at least, if not in Europe, 
 was born in Edinburgh in 1 771, on the 15th of August, 
 the same day which Napoleon afterwards assumed to have 
 been his own birthday, and consecrated to a new Saint, 
 whom he invented for a namesake. His father was a 
 recognised member of a younger branch of the great 
 Border family of Buccleuch ; his mother was a grand- 
 daughter of Sir John Swinton, the representative of an- 
 other Scottish family of great fame as warriors in the early 
 history of Scotland, of whose prowess he in some degree 
 revived the recollection in his dramatic poem of 
 Halidon Hill. His father, a Writer to the Signet, a class 
 in the legal profession corresponding to that of attorney 
 or solicitor in England, had a large family, and Walter 
 was his third son. In an autobiographical sketch of his 
 early years, he records that he " was an uncommonly 
 healthy child " for the first year and a half of his life : 
 when he was attacked by a teething fever, which settled 
 in his right leg, permanently contracting the limb, and 
 leaving a lameness which, though not severe, proved
 
 12 LIFE OF 
 
 incurable. There are few evils without some compensa- 
 tion, and we may well regard this infirmity as fortunate 
 for the patient himself, as well as for the whole nation, 
 since it drove him to that devotion to literature which 
 has made his name immortal, and has given a pure and 
 lasting delight to thousands of readers in every part of 
 the world. It is to this that we owe " Marmion " and 
 '' Waverley " ; as Spain is indebted to the wound that 
 disabled Cervantes for the immortal record of the 
 achievements of Don Quixote. 
 
 Not only was he thus led from his earliest years to 
 cultivate a literary taste, but even, while still a child, he 
 earned what, in some degree, may be termed a literary 
 reputation. At nine years of age he was sent to the 
 High School of his native city, where, as he had not 
 been very well prepared beforehand, he was found to 
 be a backward scholar in the classical languages ; but 
 his mother, who, as he describes her, was " a woman of 
 good natural taste and feeling," had inspired him with a 
 fondness for poetry, accustoming him to read Pope's 
 Homer to her, with which his own inclination had com- 
 bined old ballads of border warfare, and legends of 
 striking events in the annals of his country. Many such 
 tales he got by heart, " almost," to quote his own words, 
 " without intending it;" and often, on a winter's evening, 
 he would retail them to his schoolfellows, enlivening his 
 narrative with the fertile vigour of a precociously ready 
 imagination ; while, like the " noble youths who forsook 
 the hunting of the deer " to listen to the strains of the 
 Last Minstrel on the banks of Yarrow, they would sit 
 around their dame's fireside, drinking in his stories with
 
 SCOTT. 13 
 
 rapt attention, and looking up to the storyteller with as 
 fond and proud admiration as if he had been the cock 
 of the school at golf or football. 
 
 It was not a bad training for the future novelist, 
 nor a deceitful omen of the judgement and feelings of 
 future critics of maturer age ; and thus his schooldays 
 passed by happily enough, and not without profit, though 
 of a somewhat irregular kind, till, at twelve years of age, 
 he was transferred to the college. There he extended his 
 unacademical knowledge by learning Italian, becoming so 
 enamoured of that rich and most melodious language as to 
 give a somewhat whimsical proof of his love for it in an 
 essay in which, to the indignation of the Greek professor, he 
 maintained the superiority of Ariosto to Homer, "support- 
 ing his heresy," to quote once more his own words in 
 after life, " by a profusion of bad reading and flimsy 
 argument." But the legal studies for which the university 
 afforded facilities were those to which his father attached 
 greater importance than to classical scholarship, since he 
 destined him for his own profession ; and, with this view, 
 presently placed him in his own office to acquire the 
 technical knowledge which would be indispensable to 
 him, if he were to become a Writer, and very useful if he 
 should prefer the more dignified position of a barrister. 
 To adopt his own account of his legal studies during 
 these elementary years, though he disliked the drudgery 
 of the office, his affection for his father prevented him 
 from crossing his soul like the clerk described by Pope, 
 who " penned a stanza while he should engross " ; but he 
 contrived to mingle with his porings over Erskine's 
 " Institutes," the perusal of more attractive volumes of
 
 14 LIFE OF 
 
 "a most miscellaneous kind, reading them in his own 
 way, which often consisted in beginning at the middle or 
 end of a volume," and skimming them with what one of 
 his brother clerks called "a hop-step-and-a-jump perusal," 
 but contriving to know as much about them as the other 
 acquired by the more methodical plan of beginning with 
 the preface and plodding on to the "finis." Indeed, this 
 desultory mode of reading, which has great attractions 
 for many, and which, perhaps, is not without very con- 
 siderable advantages of its own, seems to have been his 
 habit through life ; and his son-in-law and biographer, 
 Mr. Lockhart, has given some extracts from his note- 
 books of 1792, when he had just been called to the Bar, 
 which present an amusing idea of the variety of his studies, 
 if they can be so called, and of the objects which attracted 
 his curiosity and interest. One day he is delighted by 
 the present of an old border war-horn, from a friend whose 
 gardener had been profanely degrading it into a grease- 
 horn for his scythe. Anon a page is occupied with the 
 Norse original of " Vegtam's Kvitha, or the Descent of 
 Odin," and the English poetical version of Mr. Gray. 
 Next comes a page headed " Pecuniary distress of Charles 
 I.," with the transcript of a receipt for some plate lent to the 
 king in 1643 ; the verses of Canute on passing Ely ; then 
 a translation, " by a gentleman from Devonshire," of the 
 death song of Regner Lodbrog; after this an Italian 
 canzonet in praise of blue eyes, which were much in 
 favour with him at this time ; and extracts from an old 
 journal about Dame Janet Beaton, the Lady of Brank- 
 some of the " Lay of the Last Minstrel," and her hus- 
 band, Sir Walter Scott of Buccleuch, called Wicked Wat ;
 
 SCOTT. 15 
 
 extracts about witches and fairies ; notes on the second 
 sight, with extracts from Aubrey and Glanville ; and a list 
 of ballads to be discovered or recovered, the whole com- 
 pleting as strange a medley as ever formed a relaxation 
 from closer studies. The last of these memoranda was un- 
 doubtedly that in which he took the keenest interest. Few 
 young lawyers have much practice to occupy them, and 
 Scott's business was not too great to hinder him from 
 making frequent excursions in the indulgence of his hunt 
 after relics of the olden time, among which ballads held a 
 principal place. The acquisition was the harder, since, 
 in many cases, no copies of them existed either in print 
 or manuscript, but they were preserved only in the 
 tenacious memory of old peasants, male and, still oftener, 
 female. Many passages in the novels are so many scraps 
 of biography : and the experiences and labours of which 
 Mr. Oldbuck boasts to Lovel, were, no doubt, records of 
 the author's successes in similar researches, and of the 
 means by which those successes were achieved. He, we 
 may be sure, would not have grudged " tobacco, snuff, and 
 the complete Syren," as the purchase of a bundle of 
 ballads two hundred years old : nor, more in harmony with 
 his jovial temper, " the drinking of two dozen of strong 
 ale," if such a compotation could have coaxed the pro- 
 prietor of a similar treasure to bequeath it to him in 
 his will. 
 
 His fancy for this particular class of poetry was not 
 confined to specimens of it in his own language. He 
 set a judicious value on the acquisition of foreign lan- 
 guages, and had recently varied his legal studies by 
 attending a German class, which some letters of Mac-
 
 16 LIFE OF 
 
 kenzie, the author of "The Man of Feeling," had made 
 popular in Edinburgh; and his earliest attempt at verse 
 was a poetical version of Burger's " Leonora," which he 
 executed in a single night to gratify a lady who, if not 
 the rose, had something of the perfume derivable from 
 proximity ; or, in other words, if not the object of his 
 attachment herself, was in his confidence, as the friend of 
 her whose favour he was seeking, though unsuccessfully, 
 to win. He read it to her at breakfast the next morning, 
 so greatly to her satisfaction, that it led her to venture on 
 a prophecy that " he was going to turn out a poet, some- 
 thing of a cross between Burns and Gray." A more 
 important work of the same kind was a translation of 
 Goethe's tragedy of " Gotz von Berlichingen of the 
 Iron Hand ; " if at least the opinion, which seems to have 
 been entertained by Carlyle, be well founded, that it had 
 an influence on the translator, to which his adoption of 
 that line of literary composition, by which he made him- 
 self famous, may be traced. " In his own country " 
 (Germany) " Gotz, though he now stands solitary and 
 childless, became the parent of an innumerable progeny, 
 of chivalry plays, feudal delineations, and poetico-anti- 
 quarian performances. . . . And, if genius could be 
 communicated like instruction, we might call this work of 
 Goethe's the prime-cause of ' Marmion,' ' The Lady of 
 the Lake,' with all that has followed from the same 
 creative hand." 1 But such parentage seems very doubtful : 
 even in the love-scenes of the " Lay," or of " The Lady 
 of the Lake," there is no trace of the exaggerated senti- 
 mentality which was one besetting weakness of the German 
 
 1 Carlyle's Essays, iv. 134.
 
 SCOTT. 17 
 
 novels and dramas of the day, and which was wholly alien 
 from the manly disposition of our own poet. 
 
 With his translation of " Leonora " he himself was so 
 well satisfied that it led him to try his hand at original 
 composition of the same class ; and, as he was soon 
 afterwards made acquainted with " Monk " Lewis, an 
 author, for the moment, of considerable fashion in London, 
 he contributed four or five ballads of his own to a volume 
 for which Lewis was making a collection of what he 
 described in a letter to Scott, as an assemblage " of all 
 the marvellous ballads which he could lay his hands 
 on ; ancient as well as modern." And, as the title of 
 the volume was " Tales of Wonder," Scott bespoke the 
 public favour for it by an "Apology for Tales of Terror," 
 which was sufficiently ingenious, but which had a most 
 disastrous effect on his subsequent fortunes, since it led 
 him to form a connexion with a publisher named 
 Ballantyne, whose unskilful management of his business 
 eventually brought on Scott losses which nothing but his 
 own strength of mind prevented from being absolutely 
 ruinous. For the moment, however, the connexion 
 promised a very different result, since it led him to open 
 to his publisher a scheme for sending out a collection of 
 his own, which in 1802 came out under the title of 
 "Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border," prefaced by an 
 elaborate Introduction, and enriched with a wealth of 
 commentary which, in no feeble or uncertain manner, 
 foreshadowed the novels of the author of " Waverley." 
 ^Meanwhile two all-important events in his private history 
 had occurred. On Christmas Eve, 1797, he married, not 
 the object of his first love, but a young English lady, 
 
 2
 
 18 LIFE OF 
 
 Miss Charlotte Carpenter, who, in addition to a fortune 
 of ^200 a year, possessed, as he described her to Miss 
 Rutherford, one of his female relations, " very good sense, 
 with uncommon good temper, which he had seen put to 
 most severe trials." His previous disappointment had, 
 at the time, been felt most bitterly ; so bitterly, that at the 
 first shock his friends were alarmed at his utter pros- 
 tration of body and mind ; but he had good cause to be 
 now reconciled to it, since, in an union of nearly thirty 
 years, every one of them supplied proofs to a heart 
 willing and happy to acknowledge their validity, that the 
 good sense and good temper which he had praised to 
 Miss Rutherford, were sterling and lasting qualities, well 
 calculated to secure him, as they did, unbroken happiness 
 till it was cut short by his wife's death. 
 
 The other event was of a less sentimental character. 
 At Christmas, 1799, he received the appointment of 
 Sheriff-Depute of Selkirkshire, with a salary of ^300 a 
 year ; and this possession of an income which, though 
 moderate, was settled and permanent, was especially 
 welcome as placing him in a position of pecuniary ease, 
 which made him to a certain extent independent, and 
 left him at liberty to indulge his literary taste, in pre- 
 ference to wasting his talents on "the daily drudgery of a 
 precarious profession." From the first it had never 
 jumped with his inclination, and it had failed to grow on 
 him. His feelings towards it he compared to those 
 avowed by Slender to Miss Anne Page : " There was no 
 great love between us at the beginning ; and it pleased 
 Heaven to decrease it on further acquaintance." 
 
 His first venture of the Border Minstrelsy had
 
 SCOTT. 19 
 
 been confined to two volumes. In the course of the 
 next year he had a third ready, not quite identical in 
 character with its predecessors, since many of the 
 ballads were of no great antiquity; several indeed 
 being originals of his own composition. In the summer 
 of 1803, its publication took him to London, as 
 the great publishing house of Longman had a share 
 in it ; and one of his letters on the subject to Ballan- 
 tyne bids him add to the advertisement of it an an- 
 nouncement that there is " in the press, and speedily to 
 be published, 'The Lay of the Last Minstrel,' by Walter 
 Scott, Esq., Editor of 'The Minstrelsy of the Scottish 
 Border.' " 
 
 All true Scots have a loyal reverence for the chief of 
 their clan ; and in Scott's breast that hereditary feeling 
 received an additional impulse from his admiration for 
 Lady Dalkeith, the young wife of his chieftain's heir. 
 Her fancy had been caught by some of the "old wives' 1 ' 
 tales of her new neighbourhood, and, among them, by the 
 legend of a goblin, hight Gilpin Horner, whose pranks, 
 as the tale ran, had in some bygone age been the terror 
 of the district ; and she had suggested it to him as a 
 subject for his muse. Her request, or command, as he 
 no doubt in his loyalty regarded it, went no further than 
 for a ballad, and it is probable that he originally con- 
 templated nothing more. But, while he was mentally 
 sketching out a plan, the recital by a friend of a portion 
 of Coleridge's as yet unpublished poem of " Christabel," 
 led him to enlarge it, so as to work out a metrical 
 romance, which, as it proceeded, grew under his hand, 
 till it was finally expanded into an elaborate romance of
 
 20 LIFE OF 
 
 six cantos. In Lockhart's opinion, " a single scene of 
 feudal festivity in the hall of Branksome, disturbed by 
 some pranks of a nondescript goblin," was possibly all 
 that he had originally designed, till " suddenly there 
 flashed on him the idea of extending his simple outline, 
 so as to embrace a vivid panorama of that old Border 
 life of war and tumult, and all earnest passions, with which 
 his researches on the Minstrelsy had by degrees fed his 
 imagination." If this surmise be correct, and it is 
 highly plausible, no change of purpose was ever more 
 felicitous. The principal female character in the " Lay " 
 is the wife of the ancient chieftain, Wicked Wat, whom 
 the superstitions of the district and the age had credited 
 with a magical insight into things forbidden ; but, wizard 
 as she was supposed to be, she was never more amazed 
 at the success of her own incantations, than the present 
 lady of Branksome was at the power of the genius which 
 her request had evoked. The gradual expansion of the 
 poem had evidently delayed its completion far beyond 
 the author's anticipations in 1803, for it was not till 
 January, 1805, that it was published, when it at once 
 attracted universal attention. 
 
 One of the most remarkable things in the history 
 of a poem which now, above eighty years after its 
 first publication, enjoys undiminished, it may per- 
 haps be true to say increasing, popularity, is that, at 
 its first appearance, it received a warmer welcome on 
 the South than on the North of the Tweed. Some 
 even of the poet's personal friends, to whom lie read 
 the opening stanzas of the first canto, pronounced ? 
 verdict on them so unfavourable, that he was half
 
 SCOTT. 21 
 
 inclined to throw it aside. The Edinburgh Review, 
 which had been recently started apparently on the rule 
 of finding fault with everything and everybody, and 
 which was edited by a man of very congenial disposition, 
 the celebrated Francis Jeffrey, denounced the defective 
 conception of the fable, "the great inequality in the 
 execution," and especially condemned, with extreme 
 severity, " the undignified and improbable picture of the 
 goblin page, an awkward sort of mongrel, between Puck 
 and Caliban," declaring that "the story of Gilpin Horner 
 was never believed out of the village where he was said 
 to have made his appearance ; " the critic never sus- 
 pecting that the story was, in fact, the cause of the poem 
 having been written. With dangerous boldness he pro- 
 ceeded to venture on the prediction that "the locality 
 of the subject was likely to obstruct its popularity," 
 and that " even Scotchmen could not so far sympathise 
 with the local partialities of the author, as to feel any 
 glow of patriotism or ancient virtue in hearing of Elliotts 
 and Armstrongs ; that the present age would not endure 
 them, and that Mr. Scott must either sacrifice his 
 Border prejudices, or offend all his readers in the other 
 parts of the Empire." 1 
 
 1 In chap. xvi. of Scott's Life, Lockhart quotes a letter from a 
 friend who, soon after the publication of "Marmion," met both 
 Scott and Jeffrey at a dinner in Edinburgh. On literary subjects 
 they were, as may be supposed, the two principal talkers ; and, says 
 the letter-writer, " it struck me that there was this great difference 
 between them — Jeffrey for the most part entertained us, when books 
 were under discussion, with the detection of faults, blunders, 
 absurdities, and plagiarisms ; Scott took up the matter where he 
 left it, recalled some compensating beauty or excellence for which
 
 22 LIFE OF 
 
 The "other parts of the Empire" did not agree with 
 Jeffrey. Among English readers the admiration was uni- 
 versal. Widely as the " Lay " differed from their own 
 style, Wordsworth and Campbell were prompt and warm 
 in their recognition of its excellence. The accomplished 
 Sir Henry Englefield, who was generally so devoted to 
 philosophical speculations that, as he said, he read but 
 little poetry, read it three times through, and, even then, 
 scarcely ventured to flatter himself that he had done 
 justice to all its beauties. The political rivals, Pitt and 
 Fox, vied with each other in its praise, the description 
 of the trembling embarrassment of the aged minstrel, as 
 he tuned his harp before the duchess, in particular, striking 
 the great Minister as "a sort of thing which he might 
 have expected in painting, but could never have fancied 
 capable of being given in poetry." This is a singular 
 criticism, since most people would think it far more 
 likely that the greatest painter should prove unable 
 adequately to reproduce the creations of the poet, than 
 that the poet should fail to embody even the loftiest con- 
 ceptions of the painter. But it is not therefore less 
 valuable as the testimony of a man not only pre-eminent 
 in practical ability, but also deeply versed in the works of 
 the classical poets, to the truth and naturalness of the 
 description ; qualities without which the most ambitious 
 
 no credit had been allowed, and by the recitation perhaps of one 
 fine stanza, set the poor victim on his legs again." The very motto 
 of The Edinburgh showed the bias of its founders : "judex damna- 
 turcum nocens absolvitur;" and so, to save the judge from condem- 
 nation, every man or work that came before the tribunal was 
 presumed to be nocens ; guilty, and to be lashed accordingly.
 
 SCOTT. 23 
 
 flights of the imagination fail to reach the heights to 
 which they fain would soar. 
 
 Jeffrey had enumerated among the probable hind- 
 rances to the popularity of the poem, not only its intense 
 nationality, but also the circumstance of its subject being 
 confined to a delineation of only a section of Scotland, 
 the Border district. It is not improbable that, on the 
 contrary, this may at first have been among its special 
 attractions, both from the novelty of the picture, and from 
 the light thrown by it on the feelings and manners of the 
 Borderers onboth sides of the frontier. A stronger evidence 
 of the difficulties which beset the rulers and statesmen of 
 the two countries, so soon to be united under the sceptre 
 of one sovereign, could hardly be found than in the anxiety 
 with which, even in times of peace, the beacons were daily 
 and nightly watched, lest isolated bands of marauders, or 
 even the very Wardens of the Marshes themselves, might 
 be arming for aggression, retaliation, or the more vulgar, 
 but still dearer, objects of ravage and plunder. And 
 when this singular feature of the manners of that age and 
 district was illustrated, with life-like animation of action, 
 and discriminating variety of portraiture, in the "courteous 
 Howard," and the " wrathful Dacre " on one side, and, on 
 the other, the stalwart Scott of Eskdale, the brave Thirle- 
 stane, and the poet's own more immediate ancestor, the 
 veteran of Harden, prompt, as the youngest of his five 
 stately sons, to don his helmet and hasten to Branksome 
 to champion the lady whose rank and sex gave her a double 
 claim to his devotion, it may surely be thought that genius 
 thus brilliantly exercised had in it all the elements of a 
 popularity as wide and enduring as it was immediate;
 
 24 LIFE OF 
 
 while the burst of patriotism with which the last canto 
 opens, though in the poet's own mind springing from his 
 deep love for Caledonia, not only as " meet nurse for a 
 poetic child," but still more as the "land of his sires," 
 strikes a chord which can never be called local, but to 
 which, on the contrary, every manly and honest heart will 
 ever respond "from China to Peru." 
 
 Another quality, which greatly contributed to the 
 popularity of the poem, was its unflagging energy and live- 
 liness, which presented a striking contrast to the character 
 of the general mass of poetry, or verse it may be more 
 fitting to call it, which the last generation had produced. 
 Scotland had indeed given us Burns, but the homely 
 Scotch dialect of his songs had prevented them, as in a 
 great degree it still prevents them, tender and impassioned 
 as so many of them are, from being fully appreciated, or 
 even widely known below the Border. Coleridge too had 
 written "The Ancient Mariner; " and more than one ode 
 of manly tone had shown of what Campbell was capable. 
 But, of the other strains in which the Muse had been 
 wooed since the death of Goldsmith, the prevailing 
 character was a level tameness and insipidity. Cowper, 
 indeed, and Crabbe, who had lately published "The 
 Village," and Southey, and Wordsworth, may not be 
 classed with tie poetasters of the Delia Cruscan School, 
 who would probably have willingly adopted the boast 
 which the author of the Baviad put into their mouths — 
 
 " We want our sire's strength, but we atone 
 For that and more, by sweetness all our own " — 
 
 though a vigorous criticism can find as little of real 
 sweetness as of strength in their lucubrations. But the
 
 SCOTT. 25 
 
 best works of Crabbe, Wordsworth, and Southey were not 
 yet published, and of all the other elaborate poems of 
 the previous thirty years scarcely one rose above that 
 dead level of mediocrity, which neither gods nor men 
 can endure. 
 
 To a generation that had been thus fed on Hayley, 
 Rogers, and " Laura Matilda," the manly vigour and un- 
 flagging vivacity of the " Lay," must have seemed like a 
 resurrection of the Muse from the dead, the more so as 
 every canto showed that energy and fire were not incom- 
 patible with the most exquisite tenderness and delicacy, 
 though the former may be supposed to have been the 
 qualities at which, in this instance, Scott principally 
 aimed, since the poem was avowedly, to some extent, an 
 imitation of the spirit of the " old ballad or metrical 
 romance ; " and since, in his introduction to the Border 
 Minstrelsy, he had enumerated " rude energy," mingled 
 at times with "natural pathos," as the special characteristics 
 of that poetry, in which he at the same time warned his 
 readers not to look for "refined sentiments," still less for 
 " elegant expression." Not indeed that these graces, if 
 unknown to or rare in the ancient ballad, were not as 
 conspicuous as its sustained animation and spirit in the 
 " Lay." The opening stanzas of the different cantos, the 
 courteous, or, more than courteous, the kind sympathetic 
 condescension of " the Duchess and her daughter fair," 
 the pictures of Margaret, now in "wild despair " weeping 
 "o'er her slaughter'd sire," now meeting her own true 
 knight, 
 
 " When love scarce told, scarce hid, 
 Lent to her cheek a livelier red " —
 
 26 LIFE OF 
 
 are as instinct with delicacy and tenderness as De- 
 loraine's " swift speed " to Melrose o'er moors, beds of flint, 
 and through the swollen torrent of Aill, or his " dire 
 debate " with Lord Cranstoun, briefly as it is told, are 
 instinct with the " rude energy " of the ancient minstrels. 1 
 Nor, in all probability, was the metre, as Scott employed 
 it, a slight addition to the fascinations of the poem. It 
 had all the appearance of novelty, though, in fact, it was 
 by no means new to the language. To say nothing of 
 earlier and less-known instances of its use, Milton had 
 adopted it in his " L'Allegro" and " II Penseroso"; Butler 
 in "Hudibras"; Gayinhis "Fables"; and Swiftinmore than 
 one of his semi-satirical efforts ; but a certain sing-song 
 monotony had seemed inseparable from it, and had pre- 
 vented it from meeting with general favour. And no one 
 had ever conceived the possibility of making it the vehicle 
 of animated description of warlike enterprise, or of the ex- 
 pression of powerful passion, till Scott, suddenly triumph- 
 ing (to quote Byron's expression) " over the fatal facility 
 of octosyllabic verse," enriched it with every variety of 
 rhythm, and proved that no metre yet devised was 
 better adapted to every variety of subject, to fiery rapidity 
 
 1 It may be supposed that his descriptions of Margaret, though few 
 and brief, were worked up with especial care, since we are told by 
 Lockhart, that, for his picture of the daughter of Buccleuch, he 
 was indebted in a great degree to the impression left on his heart by 
 " the form and features of his own first love," to whom, nearly ten 
 years before, he had devoted himself with so enthusiastic a passion 
 that, when he learnt that the lovesuit of a rival had been preferred 
 to his own, many of his friends (as has been already mentioned) 
 were alarmed for the effect which they feared his disappointment 
 might produce on him.
 
 SCOTT. 27 
 
 and force of action, to vivid and truthful delineation of 
 character, to noble sentiment, to exquisite tenderness, 
 and to the deepest pathos. On this subject it may be 
 remarked as somewhat singular that, great as he must 
 have been conscious was the charm of the diversity, which 
 in this poem he gives to the metre, — in the varied length ol 
 the verses, lines of four syllables at times alternating with 
 others of eight or even twelve, and in the arrangement of 
 the rhymes, generally connected, as in the couplets of 
 Pope, but at times alternating like those of the old ballad 
 stanza, or diversified in other modes which will occur to 
 the memory of every reader, — he adopted it to the same 
 extent in none of his subsequent poems, except "The 
 Bridal of Triermain;" and in "The Lady of the Lake" dis- 
 carded it altogether. But, to whatever causes the popu- 
 larity of the poem was owing, or whatever share may be 
 attributed to each cause separately, of the completeness 
 of its success there was, from the very moment of its 
 publication, no doubt whatever, and, as Lockhart records 
 it, that " success at once determined that literature should 
 form the main business of Scott's life."
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 SCOTT did not, however, at first entirely relinquish 
 his profession, since the retention of his name on the 
 roll of Advocates was necessary to qualify him for the 
 lucrative appointment of one of the Clerks of Session, the 
 reversion of which, in the summer of 1806, he secured by an 
 arrangement with Mr. Home, an old friend of his family, 
 who was its present holder. It had long been the custom to 
 allow a clerk, whom age or infirmity might dispose to 
 retire, to select a successor who, while doing all the work, 
 should receive but a share of the emoluments : and Scott, 
 going rather beyond the ordinary conditions of such a 
 bargain, now agreed to take all the work on himself, but to 
 allow Mr. Home to retain the entire income during his 
 life. Six or seven years elapsed before, under this arrange- 
 ment, he derived any profit from the appointment, but it 
 was secured to him for the future ; and so saved him 
 from any necessity of relying on his pen for an income. 
 Without such a certainty he would hardly have felt at 
 liberty, with a young family coming on, to consult his 
 literary taste so exclusively. With this, law being "a 
 staff," he could make literature his "crutch"; but, though 
 so to use it was his original view of the duty imposed on
 
 LIFE OF SCOTT. 29 
 
 him by prudence, we cannot wonder that the substitute 
 gradually superseded the more regular support, and that 
 his attendance in the Law Courts grew less and less fre- 
 quent every succeeding year. 
 
 Other circumstances also made even the emolument! 
 of his legal appointments of less importance to him 
 In his case Fortune had shaken off her proverbial 
 blindness, a bachelor uncle who had died in June, 
 1804, while the " Lay " was in the press, leaving him a 
 small estate, with a share in other property, a bequest 
 altogether exceeding ^5000 ; so that, by the beginning 
 of 1S05, his own and his wife's fortunes, with the emolu- 
 ments of his sheriffship, gave him a fixed income of 
 about £ 1 000 a year, independent of the profits of any 
 literary work which he might undertake. From this time 
 forth, therefore, we may regard him almost exclusively as 
 a literary man ; but it seems strange that the popularity, 
 daily increasing as it was, of the "Lay," did not at first lead 
 him to a fresh work of the same kind. It might almost 
 seem as if he feared that a second attempt might fail, 
 and so tarnish in some degree the fame he had achieved 
 by his first. He wrote to his great friend Mr. G. Ellis : 
 "As for riding on Pegasus, depend upon it I will never 
 again cross him in a serious way, unless I should, by 
 some strange accident, reside so long in the Highlands, 
 and make myself master of their ancient manners so as 
 to paint them with some degree of accuracy in a kind 
 of companion to the ' Minstrel Lay.' " During the 
 year which followed the publication of the " Lay," he 
 occupied himself partly with a series of critical articles 
 for The Edinburgh Review, which had not yet taken that
 
 SO LIFE OF 
 
 subsequently strong political colouring as the organ of 
 the Whig party, which eventually caused him to break 
 ffT his connexion with it. But his chief employment 
 was an edition of Dryden's works, which he introduced 
 with an elaborate biographical memoir, which has ever 
 since held its place as the best account of " glorious 
 John." That Dryden was an especial favourite with him, 
 we may perhaps infer from the pride with which Claude 
 Halcro, in " The Pirate," boasts of his recollections of 
 him, and which, we may be pretty sure, reflects some 
 of Scott's own feelings. And it is worth noticing 
 that this admiration led him to reject absolutely the 
 advice of his friend Ellis to produce what in modern 
 phrase would be called a " Family Dryden," an edition, 
 that is, which should omit the works or the passages in 
 which the great poet had made his genius too subservient 
 to the licentiousness of his age. He did not deny that it 
 might be very "proper to select correct passages for the 
 use of boarding schools," &c. But he was " making an 
 edition of a man of genius's works for libraries and col- 
 lections ; and he must give his author as he found him, 
 and he would not tear out the page, even to get rid 
 of that blot, little as he liked it." He believed, too, that 
 the harm which was done by such works, passages, or 
 expressions, was exaggerated or misunderstood. And, 
 " in fact, that it is not passages of ludicrous indelicacy 
 that corrupt the manners of a people." As he said truly, 
 he did not like the blots. Dryden's offences were chiefly 
 committed in his comedies, many of which Scott found 
 " very stupid as well as indelicate " ; though in some 
 "there is a considerable vein of liveliness and humour,
 
 SCOTT. 81 
 
 and all of them present extraordinary pictures of the 
 age in which he lived." Accordingly, his " Dryden " was 
 given to the public with all his "blots," as Cromwell 
 insisted on Lely not leaving out a wart in his portrait. 
 And scholars in general will think that he judged rightly; 
 though the fever of " expurgation " is daily spreading, till 
 even " The Merchant of Venice " cannot escape the 
 pruning-knife. 
 
 His work drew him also into a correspondence with 
 Wordsworth, with whom, as well as with Southey, he had 
 recently become acquainted. The letter from Words- 
 worth, which Lockhart prints at length, gives, it will 
 probably be thought, a fairly impartial estimate of 
 Dryden, even though he denies him a poetical genius, 
 explaining his denial by an expression of his opinion 
 that " the only qualities he finds in him, that are essen- 
 tially poetical, are a certain ardour and impetuosity 
 of mind, with an excellent ear." He " does not add to 
 this, great command of language, because, though he cer- 
 tainly had it, it is not language that is, in the highest 
 sense of the word, poetical, being neither of the imagina- 
 tion nor of the passions." " Dryden had neither a tender 
 heart nor a lofty sense of moral dignity." He gives him, 
 however, the credit of having often " strikingly improved 
 Boccacio," in the translations from the "Decameron,'' 
 which he regards as the best, at least the most poetical oi 
 Dryden's poems ; though even in them he points out in- 
 stances in which the poet has "fallen below his original, and 
 degraded some of the personages by his ignorance of the 
 real character of love — of which, as purifying and ennobling 
 those who feel it, Dryden had no idea."
 
 32 LIFE OF 
 
 The intimate acquaintance with the ancient manners 
 of the Highlands, for which Scott had declared he must 
 wait before again coming before the world as a poet, was 
 not yet acquired. But we can hardly doubt that he had 
 begun to plan another poem, since " Marmion " was not 
 only conceived, but published, before the edition of 
 " Dryden " was completed ; and, judging by his account of 
 his system of working in subsequent years, we may believe 
 that he regarded his articles in reviews, his labours in 
 biography and annotations, as a rest from original com- 
 position. He evidently was one who could not be idle ; 
 but he believed that a change from one kind of work to 
 another was in itself a rest, or, if not an absolute rest, at 
 least a relaxation equivalent to it. He called it "a 
 refreshing of the machine." " Poetry " he pronounced 
 "a scourging crop : one that must exhaust the land if not 
 alternated with something lighter, as wheat is followed by 
 turnips." 
 
 He had one relaxation also of a wholly different 
 class. As his sheriffship required his residence in Sel- 
 kirkshire four months in each year, he had taken the 
 lease of Ashestiel, a country-house on the Tweed belong- 
 ing to a cousin who was in India. But the remainder 
 of the year he passed in Edinburgh, and he would have 
 missed the benefit to his health of the invigorating air 
 and pursuits of a country life, if he had not found a safety- 
 valve in a new occupation which had no connexion with 
 the law ; though the experience of another kind which 
 he then acquired may have unconsciously been of service 
 in some of his subsequent literary works, just as Gibbon 
 declared that he had derived a more correct insight into
 
 SCOTT. 33 
 
 the operations of the Roman armies, from his own 
 campaigns as a captain in the Hampshire Militia. One 
 of the first schemes of the Directory in France had been 
 an invasion of these islands ; the general who was to 
 conduct it was even named, if not formally appointed ; 
 and in every part of England preparations were set on 
 foot to resist it successfully. Scott felt that his own 
 country should not be behindhand in so patriotic a move- 
 ment, and, at the beginning of 1797, he had stimulated 
 a body of his friends to make the Government a formal 
 offer of their services to embody a corps of Volunteer 
 Cavalry. As one of his friends described the part he 
 took, and the spirit that influenced him, there was in them 
 a degree of anticipation of some of his literary work ; 
 as if he were but " rousing the spirit of the moss- 
 trooper, with which he readily inspired all who possessed 
 the means of substituting the sabre for the musket." 
 His proposal was warmly taken up by the leading gentry 
 of the district, and gratefully accepted by the Govern- 
 ment. An efficient body of cavalry was speedily raised, 
 of which he himself was appointed quartermaster ; and 
 the duties of that office have seldom been discharged 
 with more genial efficiency. The same friend testifies 
 that, while no fatigue ever seemed too much for himself, 
 his zeal and animation served to sustain the enthusiasm 
 of the whole corps ; while his unfailing liveliness and wit 
 kept up in all a degree of good humour, and reconciled 
 them to the toils and privations of the daily drill. " At 
 every interval of exercise, the order ' Sit at ease ! ' was 
 the signal for the quartermaster to lead the squadron to 
 merriment. Every eye was intuitively turned on ' Earl 
 
 3
 
 84 LIFE OF 
 
 Walter,' as he was familiarly called by his associates, and 
 his ready joke seldom failed to raise the ready laugh." 
 
 Meanwhile, he kept himself before the public, if such 
 a thing were needed, by one or two publications, which it 
 is hardly worth while to mention ; and, by the end oi 
 1S06, he had settled down to the composition of a new 
 poem. I have ventured to surmise that he must have 
 been revolving the plan of it for some time, as it has a 
 more regular "plot" than the "Lay;" and the surmise is to 
 some extent borne out by an introduction which many 
 years afterwards he prefixed to the poem, when engaged 
 on the publication of all his works in one grand body. 
 "I had formed," he says, "the prudent resolution to 
 bestow a little more labour than I had yet done on my 
 productions ; and to be in no hurry again to announce 
 myself as a candidate for literary fame. Accordingly, 
 particular passages of a poem, which was finally called 
 1 Marmion,' were laboured with a good deal of care by one 
 by whom much care was seldom bestowed." " Whether 
 the work was worth the labour, he was no competent 
 judge." That, however (says Lockhart), is a point on 
 which the whole world has long pronounced a tolerably 
 unanimous judgement ; and the first knowledge that such 
 a poem was in hand, was productive of a remarkable proof 
 how high a reputation his previous publications had made 
 for him, in the offer from an Edinburgh publisher, named 
 Constable, of a thousand guineas for the copyright before 
 a single canto was completed : and in the eagerness with 
 which Mr. Murray, a rising London publisher, then engaged 
 in founding what has become one of the first publishing 
 houses in the world, embraced Constable's offer of taking
 
 SCOTT. 35 
 
 a share in his venture, Murray thanking him for the pro- 
 posal because he regarded it as " honourable, profitable, 
 and glorious to be concerned in the publication of a new 
 poem by Walter Scott." 
 
 At last, in February, 1808, " Marmion " was pub- 
 lished. That he had taken greater pains with it than 
 with the " Lay," is shown by the circumstance that nearly 
 a year and a half elapsed between its beginning and its 
 publication ; and the labour was fitly recompensed by the 
 reception given to it by all except the never to be satisfied 
 or silenced editor of The Edinburgh Revietu. Among 
 the first criticisms received by the author were letters from 
 Southey and Wordsworth ; both do credit to the writers, 
 who are equally warm and cordial in their praise, though 
 both agree that it hardly rivals the " Lay " in the estima- 
 tion of the public. Southey, on this point, confesses his 
 agreement so far with the popular voice, since " as a 
 whole it had not pleased him so much, though in parts it 
 had pleased him more." And he selects for especial 
 commendation " the death of Marmion," as not only 
 surpassing anything in the " Lay," but as being such that 
 "there is nothing finer than its conception anywhere." 
 Another friend, on whose critical judgement he set great 
 value, Mr. George Ellis, agreed with them both that the 
 " Lay " was the more general favourite ; though he ad- 
 mitted that "the fable of Marmion was greatly superior, 
 that it contained a greater diversity of character, inspired 
 more interest, and was by no means inferior in poetical 
 expression." He himself "would rather be the author 
 of ' Marmion ' than of the ' Lay,' because he thinks its 
 species of excellence more difficult of attainment." But
 
 36 LIFE OF 
 
 if he regarded it, as it will presently be attempted to 
 show it may be regarded, as an epic poem, this estimate 
 of Mr. Ellis seems rather at variance with his strange 
 opinion, "sincere and sober " as he declared it to be, 
 " of all the epic poems he has ever read, the Odyssey 
 perhaps excepted, that they ought to have been written in 
 prose." It may be a proof of my own deficiency in 
 imagination, but I confess myself wholly unable to con- 
 ceive what kind of work Herodotus or Livy, the most 
 lively and powerful word-painters of their respective 
 nations, would have made of the Iliad or the ^Eneid ; or 
 what Macaulay, though, as his " Lays " abundantly prove, 
 himself imbued with no slight degree of poetic fire, would 
 have made of " Marmion," or the " Lord of the Isles." 
 
 Jeffrey would have been false to his nature if he had 
 not exercised all his ingenuity in finding fault. He even 
 began with the second title : " Marmion, a Tale of Flod- 
 den Field"; of which he denounced the impropriety, 
 since " it was no more a tale of Flodden Field than of 
 Bosworth Field," a singularly captious criticism of a 
 poem which opens with the despatch of Lord Marmion 
 to the Scottish Court, on an embassy designed to avert 
 the war which resulted in that stern conflict ; while the 
 latter half is occupied with King James's preparations for 
 war, and his defiance of Henry, and the last canto with the 
 battle itself. When he passes on to " the incidents," he 
 pronounces the majority of them " unsuitable for poetry," 
 and he is especially severe on " the paltry device of the 
 forged letters," expressing his positive conviction that 
 "an accuser, who was as ready and willing to fight as 
 Marmion, could never have condescended to forgery in
 
 SCOTT. 37 
 
 support of his accusation," and that the author " has 
 greatly diminished our interest in the story, as well as 
 needlessly violated the truth of character, by loading his 
 hero with the guilt of that most revolting and improbable 
 proceeding." His coadjutor in the establishment of the 
 Review, Sydney Smith, who had been also his fellow 
 student in the Edinburgh College, once explained the 
 scantiness of Scotch scholarship by saying that " Greek was 
 a witch, and, as such, could not cross running water, nor 
 ever get beyond the Tweed." And it must be presumed 
 that Latin lies under a similar disability, or otherwise 
 Virgil and Ovid might have taught Mr. Jeffrey that 
 Ulysses, whose hand was as prompt as Marmion's to 
 defend his head, procured the condemnation of Pala- 
 medes by a crime precisely similar to that which, for a 
 time, brought disgrace upon Wilton. Yet even Jeffrey was 
 constrained to depart from his general rule, — to change 
 his tone when he came to the last canto, and to admit 
 that the description of the battle is beyond all praise, 
 and that " certainly of all the poetical battles which have 
 been fought, from the days of Homer to those of Mr. 
 Southey, there is none at all comparable for interest and 
 animation, for breadth of drawing and magnificence of 
 effect, to this of Mr. Scott." 
 
 As a sort of prelude or preface, Scott had prefixed to each 
 canto a poetical epistle to some valued friend, not on 
 any subject connected with the poem, but touching some- 
 times on recent events, such as the national loss of Nelson 
 at Trafalgar, the deaths of Pitt and Fox, and the fall of 
 the Duke of Brunswick, the brother of the Princess of 
 Wales, at Jena ; and in other passages on some of his own, 
 
 429829
 
 38 LIFE OF 
 
 or his friends', private occupations and feelings. All his 
 correspondents, though they allowed that these epistles 
 were excellent in themselves as detached pieces of poetry, 
 objected to them as interruptions to the fable ; and he 
 seems subsequently to have admitted the objection to be 
 well founded, by alleging, as an excuse for his " loquacity," 
 that he was still "young, light-headed, and happy; and 
 that ' out of the abundance of the heart the mouth sfeaheth.' '' 
 It is at all events clear that the introduction to the "Lay," 
 with its incomparable picture of the aged minstrel, affords 
 no parallel or resemblance to these epistles. That was 
 not only an exquisite, but also an indispensable frame, so 
 to say, to the picture ; but not one of these have the 
 slightest connexion with the poem to which they are 
 attached : and, though certainly not devoid of a beauty 
 of their own as detached poems, they will probably 
 always be regarded as inappropriate excrescences in the 
 position he gave them. 
 
 One passage in the first of them brought an attack of a 
 different kind on him : a charge that he displayed a degree 
 of political venom in his mention of the great Whig leader, 
 Fox, whose death it deplores. It was not the first time 
 that he had been accused of injustice to Fox. The Tories 
 of Edinburgh had naturally taken a keen interest in the 
 impeachment of their fellow-citizen, Lord Melville, and 
 had celebrated his acquittal by a public dinner, at which 
 a song was sung which had been composed by Scott, and 
 which, in one stanza, was regarded as exulting over Fox's 
 broken health. Every one knew that Scott was an ardent 
 champion of the Tory party ; he had been a busy canvasser 
 at elections, an earnest speaker on the hustings, and in
 
 SCOTT 39 
 
 every way a zealous and effective adversary of the Ministry, 
 absurdly known as that of " All the talents," which had 
 succeeded to office on the death of Pitt. But the news 
 of the state of Fox's health had not reached Edinburgh 
 when he penned the offending stanza, nor had the poet the 
 least idea that the great Whig Secretary of State was so 
 near his end. The song, and the angry feelings which it 
 had excited, had probably been forgotten, when the latter 
 were renewed by a line urging that in Westminster Abbey 
 at least prejudice should depart, 
 
 *' And, partial feeling cast aside, 
 Record that Fox a Briton died" 
 
 And this was construed or perverted into an expression 
 of opinion that he had not lived a Briton, that patriotism 
 had not been the first and guiding principle of his political 
 life. If those letters of Fox had then come to light in 
 which he exults over Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga, 
 and, later, over the defeat of the Austrians by the French, 
 solely because the former were our allies, and their disasters 
 would be a severe blow to Pitt, whom he professed to 
 hate (though in 1804 he was willing to join him as a 
 colleague), we may well suppose that some of that first 
 epistle would not have been written; but the passages 
 which would be absent would be not this single line, but 
 those which dwell kindly on the " talents untimely lost " — 
 
 " When best employed and wanted most ; " 
 
 and those which seem to place not only his talents, but 
 his patriotism on a level with those of Pitt. But it is
 
 40 LIFE OF 
 
 surely well that the lines should stand. Of Fox's general 
 kindliness of heart there is no more question than of the 
 brilliancy and solidity of his talents. And the letters 
 above mentioned may be regarded, not so much as an 
 expression of the poet's deliberate opinions and feelings, 
 as an instructive warning to all those concerned in public 
 affairs to beware, lest the keenness of their political attach- 
 ments may tempt them, for a moment, to hold even the 
 honour and welfare of the country second, as a motive 
 of action, to their allegiance to their party. 
 
 Of the peculiar and prominent qualities of genius dis- 
 played in Scott's poems, a fitter time will come to speak 
 when the last has been reached ; and when, therefore, the 
 entire set can be examined together. But the question 
 to what class of poetry "Marmion" and its predecessor, the 
 " Lay," belong, may fitly be discussed here. It is one on 
 which critics are not agreed. Some have spoken of them, 
 and of all their brethren, as romances. Mr. Conington, in 
 one of the Oxford essays, styles ' ; Marmion " a minor epic, 
 the epithet apparently referring merely to its length, in 
 which it falls short, not only of the Iliad and the ^Eneid, 
 but of " The Jerusalem Delivered " and " Paradise Lost." 
 But it does not seem very reasonable to regard the class to 
 which a work belongs as depending on its length. The 
 Romans never refused the title of epic to the ^Eneid, 
 though consisting of only half the number of books of the 
 Iliad ; and it seems far more natural to consider the subject 
 and the mode of treatment as the criteria according to 
 which any work is to be classified. Johnson, 1 following in 
 some degree the principle which guided Horace in his com- 
 "•Life of Milton."
 
 SCOTT. 41 
 
 meat on the Iliad, 1 where he pronounces Homer superior 
 as a moral teacher to the most rigorous of the Stoic, or 
 the most subtle of the academic philosophers, has laid it 
 down that " Epic poetry undertakes to teach the most 
 important truths by the most pleasing precepts, and there- 
 fore relates some great event in the most effective manner." 
 And, judging by this rule, we must refuse to place " Mar- 
 mion " in the same class with its predecessor, the " Lay." 
 That must clearly take rank as a " romance," according to 
 Scott's own account of " the ancient romances of the 
 metrical class, " that " they were composed for the express 
 purpose of being recited, or, more properly, chanted to 
 some simple tune or cadence, for the amusement of a 
 large audience." 2 But, in spite of its comparative shortness, 
 " Marmion " fulfils all Horace's and Johnson's definitions 
 of an epic poem. Like the Iliad it shows the disasters 
 which follow in the train 3 of licentious love, it relates the 
 failure of wise counsellors to appease the fury of a reck- 
 less king, and shows how the people suffer for the madness 
 of their * rulers. It is founded, too, on one of the most 
 momentous events in the history of the poet's nation, the 
 war wantonly provoked by James, and its result in his 
 disastrous overthrow and death ; and therefore, even if no 
 account be taken of the varied felicity of the execution, 
 it may well claim its place as an epic poem in that divi- 
 sion of the art to which all critics agree in assigning the 
 honour of being the noblest exercise of poetical genuis. 
 
 1 Epist. I. 2. 2 Scott's Essay on Romance. 
 
 3 Scelere atque libidineet ira. Iliacos intra muros peccatur. — Ilor. 
 Ep. I. 2-15. As James is led by Lady Heron, v. 10. 
 * Qu'cquid delirant reges, plectuntur Achivi. — Ibid.
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 MORE "refreshment for the machine" was re- 
 quired before " Marmion " could be followed by 
 a third poem, and certainly it was not stinted. Mr. Ellis 
 stood aghast at hearing of the number of " literary enter- 
 prises, some of them of immense extent," in which his 
 friend was engaged. And certainly they were enough to 
 have amazed and daunted any one. Scott, tempted 
 in some degree, we may suppose, by the price offered 
 (^"1,500), but also by his admiration for the author, 
 had undertaken, on a scale to correspond to his 
 edition of Dryden, an edition of Swift, which was 
 published a couple of months after " Marmion." He 
 had also undertaken an edition of the State Papers of 
 Sir Ralph Sadler, who, both as soldier and statesman, bore 
 so important a part in the affairs of Scotland in the reigns 
 of James V. and his unhappy daughter ; another, of the 
 vast body of tracts collected by Lord Somers. " The 
 Memoirs of Captain Carleton," and those of Cary, Earl 
 of Monmouth, must be added to the list. And the year 
 had not expired, before we find him engaging, heart and 
 soul, in the promotion of Murray's scheme of a new 
 review, as a rival and antagonist of The Edinburgh, the
 
 LIFE OF SCOTT. 43 
 
 vehemence of whose Whig partisanship, which had already 
 alienated Scott, had seemed to the Tory leaders in 
 London to require an antidote. Yet this immense 
 accumulation of work had, in his own opinion, at least 
 for the time, a beneficial effect on him. As many years 
 afterwards he described it to Lockhart, " it was enough 
 to tear me to pieces, but there was a wonderful exhila- 
 ration about it all ; my blood was kept at fever pitch ; I 
 felt as if I could have grappled with anything and every- 
 thing ; then there was hardly one of all my schemes that 
 did not afford me the means of serving some poor devil 
 of a brother author. There were always huge piles of 
 materials to be arranged, sifted, and indexed ; volumes 
 of extracts to be transcribed; journeys to be made 
 hither and thither for ascertaining little facts and dates ; 
 in short, I could commonly keep half-a-dozen of the 
 ragged regiment of Parnassus in tolerable ease." 
 
 His untiring eagerness to aid his less fortunate 
 " brethren of the quill " was so generally known, that he 
 was inundated with applications for assistance of one 
 kind or another. Some entreated his recommendation 
 of a manuscript to a publisher; others solicited his interest 
 with the patron of some appointment ; and few met 
 with a refusal. Hogg, the Ettrick shepherd, whose 
 poetical talents were beginning to meet with the appre- 
 ciation which they deserved, failed indeed to induce him 
 to back his application for a commission in the militia ; 
 but he did " endeavour to have him made an Excise 
 officer," though "that station, with respect to Scottish 
 geniuses, was the grave of all the Capulets, witness Burns, 
 Adam Smith, &c."
 
 44 LIFE OF 
 
 Amid all this work his life went happily on. Few 
 men have ever had a greater capacity for enjoyment, or 
 found pleasure in a greater variety of the circumstances 
 of ordinary life. His family deservedly occupied the 
 first place in his affection and attentions, and Lockhart 
 gives a delightful picture of him surrounded by his 
 children : — 
 
 " No father ever devoted more time and tender care 
 to his offspring than he did to each of his, as they suc- 
 cessively reached the age when they could listen to him, 
 and understand his talk. Like their mute playmates, 
 Camp and the greyhounds, they had at all times free 
 access to his study ; he never considered their tattle as 
 any disturbance ; they went and came as pleased their 
 fancy ; he was always ready to answer their questioning, 
 and when they, unconscious how he was engaged, en- 
 treated him to lay down his pen and tell them a story, he 
 would take them on his knees, repeat a ballad or a 
 legend, kiss them, and set them down again to their 
 marbles and ninepins, and resume his labour as if re- 
 freshed by. the interruption. From a very early age he 
 made them dine at table, and ' to sit up to supper ' was 
 the great reward when they had been 'very good bairns.' 
 In short, he considered it as the highest duty as well as 
 the sweetest pleasure of a parent to be the companion 
 of his children ; he partook of all their little joys and 
 sorrows, and made his kind, informal instruction to 
 blend so easily and playfully with the current of their 
 own sayings and doings, that, so far from regarding him 
 with any distrust or awe, it was never thought that any
 
 SCOTT. 45 
 
 sport or diversion could go on in the right way unless 
 papa were of the party, or that the rainiest day could be 
 dull if he were at home." 
 
 Camp was a favourite dog, to be succeeded hereafter by 
 the still more celebrated Maida ; for, first among his 
 sources of healthy enjoyment out of doors was every 
 kind of field sport, his skill in his favourite one of 
 coursing being so celebrated, that when a friend one day 
 jestingly asked one of his children what it was that made 
 " papa's " society so generally sought for and valued, the 
 answer was that " it was commonly he that saw the hare 
 sitting." And in a letter of this date to the celebrated 
 female dramatist, Joanna Baillie, he gives as his answer 
 to the question he expects, " what are you doing ? " 
 " Why I am very like a certain ancient king, distinguished 
 in the Edda, who, when Lok paid him a visit, 
 
 ' Was twisting of collars his dogs to hold, 
 And combing the mane of his courser bold.' " 
 
 Dogs indeed were such pre-eminent favourites with him, 
 that on a subsequent occasion a shrewd lawyer, insisting 
 on the identity (as yet unavowed) of the author of 
 " Waverley " with the poet of the " Lay," pointed, as 
 one of the strongest proofs of the soundness of his con- 
 jecture, to the persistent ingenuity with which, in both 
 novels and poems, every opportunity was seized for their 
 introduction; whether sleeping on Branksome floor; 
 running down a stag single-handed like Lufra; recog- 
 nizing a long-absent master like Elphin ; protecting his 
 mistress through the wood like Bevis ; or binding himself
 
 46 LIFE OF 
 
 round the heart of the rude swineherd like Fangs, while 
 even Mr. Oldbuck, hostile as he avowed himself to sport 
 and sportsmen, could not find in his heart to look with 
 lasting disfavour on the " female dog with a Pantheon 
 kind of name," though she had broken his lachrymatory 
 and devoured his buttered toast. 
 
 A better relaxation than the task of editing half a 
 dozen works of different characters was a visit to London, 
 with which he indulged himself at the opening of the next 
 year, 1809. Even that was partly on business, as being 
 connected with the starting of The Quarterly Review, to 
 the first number of which he contributed no fewer than 
 three articles ; and which introduced him to new friends, 
 Gifford, the editor ; Frere, the author of " Whistlecraft " ; 
 Croker ; and, above all, Canning, not less lovable as a 
 man than delightful as a social companion and wit, and 
 admirable as a statesman. And Scott was not so much a 
 seeker of such men, but rather was sought by them. 
 One gentleman of rare accomplishments, and of a con- 
 genially antiquarian taste, Mr. Morritt, of Rokeby, whose 
 acquaintance he had recently made in Scotland, and of 
 whom, during this visit, he saw much at Morritt's house 
 in Portland Place, records in his journal that "the 
 homage paid him would have turned the head of any less 
 gifted man of eminence ; but it neither altered his opinions, 
 nor produced the affectation of despising it. On the 
 contrary, he received it, cultivated it, and repaid it in its 
 own coin. 'All this is very flattering,' he would say, 
 ' and very civil ; and, if people are amused with hearing 
 me tell a parcel of old stories, or recite a pack of ballads 
 to lovely young girls and gaping matrons, they are easily
 
 SCOTT. 47 
 
 pleased; and a man would be very ill-natured who would 
 not give pleasure so cheaply conferred.' " One of his 
 female admirers (it may be doubtful in which class she 
 should be ranked at this time) was the celebrated Miss 
 Lydia White, a clever, kind-hearted woman, who, as she 
 was rich enough to give good dinners, found it easy to 
 collect a pleasant society around her, her " lions," as 
 she called them, — though Scott, in one of his letters, 
 describes her as herself " what Oxonians call a lioness 
 of the first order, with stockings nineteen-times-nine 
 dyed blue, very lively, very good-humoured, and ex- 
 tremely absurd." 
 
 The duties of his legal offices would not permit a long 
 sojourn in London ; but, before the end of the summer, 
 he found time to treat himself to another excursion, its 
 direction being the Highlands, which, as has been re- 
 corded above, he had declared to be an indispensable 
 preliminary to any fresh poem. In fact, he had already 
 begun " The Lady of the Lake," and his principal object 
 was to re-examine some of the spots which he had once 
 before seen while a boy, but of which he now needed a 
 greater accuracy of knowledge than could be derived 
 from such early reminiscences. So careful was he on 
 such points, that one day he rode from the shore of Loch 
 Vennachar to Stirling, to ascertain that he should be 
 warranted in ascribing a similar gallop to Fitzjames. 
 Even while occupied with what, to any other man, would 
 have been the engrossing labour of completing a poem 
 on the preparation of which he had bestowed such pains, 
 he gave himself what he seems to have considered the 
 relief of a variety of other occupations. He excuses to
 
 48 LIFE OF 
 
 Mr. Morritt some remissness in correspondence, to which 
 he pleads guilty, by the explanation that " he has been 
 Secretary to the Judicature Commission, which sat daily 
 during all the Christmas vacation. He has been editing 
 ' Swift,' and correcting for the press at the rate of six sheets 
 a week. He has been editing ' Somers ' at the rate of 
 four ditto ditto. He has written reviews — he has written 
 songs — he has made selections — he has superintended 
 rehearsals; and all this independent of visiting and of his 
 official duty, which occupies him four hours every working 
 day except Monday." 
 
 But, in spite of this multitude of distractions, " The 
 Lady of the Lake " was finished and published in May, 
 1810. It brought him one important proof of the 
 steadily increasing solidity of his reputation, since he 
 sold the copyright for double the price that "Marmion" 
 had produced. A relation, whose nervousness of affection 
 for him surpassed her judgment, had tried to dissuade 
 him from giving " Marmion " a follower. " He stood 
 high," she truly said, and she entreated him "not rashly 
 to attempt to climb higher, and incur the risk of a fall ; 
 for he might depend upon it a favourite would not be 
 permitted even to stumble with impunity." But no sort 
 of timidity could find a place in Scott's breast. He had 
 replied in the words of Montrose — 
 
 " He cither fears his fate too much, 
 Or his deserts are small, 
 Who dares not put it to the touch 
 To win or lose it all. " 
 
 And now, while the last sheets were passing through the
 
 SCOTT. 4U 
 
 press, he writes to Morritt, " If I fail, as Lady Macbeth 
 gallantly says, I fail ; and there is only a story murdered 
 to no purpose. And if I succeed, why then — as the 
 song says — 
 
 ' Up with the bonnie blue bonnet, 
 The dirk and feather and a'.' " 
 
 Up, then, with the blue bonnet ; since not for even a mo- 
 ment was the success in doubt. The eagerness for the poem 
 for weeks before the publication had been unprecedented, 
 and the general approval and admiration went beyond the 
 most friendly anticipation. They were shown in a singular 
 way. Crowds from all parts of the kingdom set off to view 
 the scenery of Loch Katrine, till then but little known. 
 Even the most prosaic of offices, the Exchequer, bore 
 evidence to the general feeling, since it is stated, on com- 
 petent authority, that " the post-horse duty in Scotland 
 rose in an extraordinary degree, and continued to rise for 
 many years ; the author's succeeding works keeping up 
 the enthusiasm for the Highland scenery which he had 
 thus originally created." 
 
 Even Jeffrey was vanquished. He preferred the new 
 poem to either of its predecessors. " The diction," he 
 says, " is more polished " — indeed he compared it at times 
 to the " careless richness of Shakespeare " ; "the versifica- 
 tion is more regular ; the story is constructed with infinitely 
 more skill and address ; there is a larger variety of cha- 
 racters more artfully and judiciously contrasted. There 
 is nothing perhaps so fine as the battle in ' Marmion,' or 
 so picturesque as some of the scattered sketches in the 
 
 4
 
 50 LIFE OF 
 
 ' Lay,' but there is a richness and spirit in the whole 
 piece which does not pervade either of those poems ; a 
 profusion of incident, and a shifting brilliancy of colour- 
 ing that reminds one of the witchery of Ariosto ; and a 
 constant elasticity and occasional energy which seem to 
 belong more peculiarly to the author." And he predicts 
 that it will be oftener read hereafter than either of its 
 predecessors. 
 
 Parts of this criticism may perhaps be regarded as a 
 kind of palinode, or retractation of the critic's former 
 disparagement of those predecessors. It cannot be 
 denied to be a candid and discriminating judgement ; and 
 the prediction on which it ventures — that the poem would 
 be a greater favourite with future generations — is, I venture 
 to think, borne out by the fact. That it is so with readers 
 of the softer and fairer sex is unquestionable. And this 
 is easily accounted for. For there is no want of fire 
 in the mission of the Fiery Cross ; the rising up of 
 Roderick's clan from its ambush in the heather ; the 
 combat with Fitzjames ; and the victories of Douglas 
 and Lufra over all competitors. On a smaller scale, the 
 " full power of song," which soothed Roderick's dying 
 moments with the tale of his clansmen's gallant stand at 
 Beal'an Duine, breathes no little of the spirit which had 
 animated the grand account of Flodden. And last, 
 but by no means least, there is also that exquisite picture 
 of the heroine Ellen Douglas, to which more particular 
 allusion will be made hereafter. 
 
 Mr. Ellis, who had reviewed the poem in The Quarterly, 
 had tempered his general praise of its beauties with 
 a disapproval of the metre, which he contended was
 
 SCOTT. 61 
 
 unsuitcd to serious continued narrative; and ins criticism 
 drew a letter from the poet, in which he defended his use 
 of it, as " more congenial to the English language, more 
 favourable to narrative poetry at least, than that which 
 has been commonly termed heroic verse." He pointed 
 out that in the poems of Pope, the most accomplished 
 master of that metre, there are " many lines out of which 
 two syllables may be struck without injury to the sense." 
 He particularly instances the translation of the " Iliad," 
 " the first lines of which have been repeatedly noticed as 
 capable of being cut down from ships of the line to 
 frigates, by striking out the said two-syllabled words. 
 
 * Achilles' wrath, to Greece the direful spring 
 Of woes unnumber'd, heavenly Goddess, sing ; 
 That wrath which sent to Pluto's gloomy reign 
 The souls of mighty chiefs in battle slain ; 
 Whose bones unburied on the desert shore 
 Devouring dogs and hungry vultures tore.' " 
 
 And he contends that, as scarcely one of the epithets 
 in italics is more than merely expletive, " the structure 
 of verse which least requires this sort of bolstering is 
 most likely to be forcible and animated." He confines 
 his defence of his favourite metre to narrative poetry : 
 " In descriptive poetry " he admits that " the case is 
 different, because there epithets, if they are happily 
 selected, are rather to be sought after than avoided, and 
 admit of being varied ad infinitum? " Besides," he 
 presently adds, "the eight-syllable stanza is capable of 
 certain varieties denied to the heroic. Double rhymes, 
 for instance, are congenial to it, which often give a sort
 
 52 LIFE OF 
 
 of Gothic richness to its cadences. You may also render 
 it more or less rapid by retaining or dropping an occa- 
 sional syllable. Lastly " (which he thought its principal 
 merit), " it runs better into sentences than any length of 
 line he knows ; and finally, he thought he had somehow 
 a better knack at this ' false gallop ' of verse, as Touch- 
 stone calls it, than at more legitimate hexameters ; and 
 so there," he concludes, " is the short and long of my 
 longs and shorts." 
 
 If modesty had not restrained him, he might have re- 
 ferred to his own works in that metre as irresistible evi- 
 dence of its suitability to the most vivid narrative ; for not 
 even in Dryden's master-piece, " Palamon and Arcite," is 
 the combat between the heroes told with a spirit and power 
 equal to the description of the tournament in "The Bridal 
 of Triermain," to say nothing of the splendid pictures 
 of Flodden and Bannockburn ; while, on the other hand, 
 Dryden's description of "the glorious theatre" raised by 
 " Royal Theseus " for the lists, might perhaps be quoted as 
 a proof of the soundness of Scott's judgment in making 
 an exception in favour of the heroic metre for descriptive 
 poetry. But, on the other hand again, the picture of Loch 
 Katrine and its surrounding scenery, which filled Fitz- 
 James with rapture and amazement as he contemplated its 
 fitness for every kind of abode or tenant, seems a proof 
 that, in the hand of such a master in descriptive poetry, the 
 octosyllabic metre can hold its own against all rivals, and 
 is deficient in neither picturesqueness nor power. A few 
 years later he might have called Byron into court as a 
 witness in favour of his chosen metre. For though, as 
 has been mentioned before, Byron, on one occasion, pro-
 
 SCOTT. 63 
 
 nounced a triumph over its "fatal facility " to have been 
 achieved by Scott alone, he himself adopted it with 
 scarcely inferior success in "The Giaour," and a great 
 portion of " The Bride of Abydos ; " and, though he for a 
 moment deserted it, and in "The Corsair" adopted the ten- 
 syllable couplet, he returned to it in many of his subsequent 
 works, in "Parisina," "The Prisoner of Chillon," "The 
 Siege of Corinth," and "Mazeppa"; and therefore may 
 fairly be supposed to have been in practical agreement 
 with Scott as to its superiority, alike for pictures of the most 
 vehement action, and of the most impassioned tender- 
 ness. 
 
 That the general public sided with Scott, was sufficiently 
 proved by the great and increasing sale of all three poems, 
 so great as "to induce him for a moment to conclude that 
 he had at last fixed a nail in the proverbially inconstant 
 wheel of Fortune ; " and his success had its natural 
 consequence in prompting him to take advantage of the 
 tide while it was in the spring flood, with a fourth poem. 
 He hesitated as to the subject, his first fancy being to 
 cross the Bay of Biscay, and " take a peep at Lord Welling- 
 ton and his merry men in Portugal," thinking he should 
 "be able to pick up some curious materials for battle 
 scenery ; " but he abandoned that idea out of considera- 
 tion for the fears of his wife. The lameness of Tyrtseus 
 had not prevented him from sharing in " the rapture of 
 the strife," and she reasonably feared that Scott's warlike 
 ardour might lead him to forget that he laboured under 
 a similar impediment to rapid motion ; or that, even if he 
 consented to keep in the background, and contented him- 
 self with viewing the deeds of arms from a distance, no
 
 51 LIFE OF 
 
 amount of caution could ensure perfect safety to the most 
 manifest non-combatant. 1 
 
 Once more, then, he fixed his attention on such materials 
 as his own country could supply, and accepted an invitation 
 from the Laird of Staffa to visit that and the adjacent 
 islands. He was delighted with all he saw ; with a poet's 
 eye and delight he pronounced the wonders of Staffa as 
 " exceeding every description he had ever heard of them." 
 And the keen eagerness with which he surmounted every 
 obstacle which threatened to hinder his nearer scrutiny 
 of the different objects of beauty and wonder so charmed 
 the boatmen, that they christened a great stone seat, in 
 one of the caves, by the name of " The Poet's Stone." 
 The ceremony, as a letter to Miss Baillie describes it, " was 
 consecrated with a pibroch, which the echoes rendered 
 tremendous, and a glass of whiskey, not poured forth in 
 the ancient mode of libation, but turned down the throats 
 of the assistants. The head boatmen," he adds, " whose 
 father had been himself a bard, made me a speech on the 
 occasion ; but, as it was in Gaelic, I could only receive it 
 as a silly beauty does a fine-spun compliment, bow and 
 say nothing." 
 
 1 His interest in the achievements of our great General, of whom 
 he boasted that he had discovered the genius and predicted the glory 
 ever since Vimeiro, was not wholly unproductive. When, in the 
 spring of the next year, a committee was formed for the relief of those 
 Portuguese who were exposed to bitter distress by the movements 
 of the hostile armies, whether of friends or foes, alike fraught with 
 misery to the inhabitants of the seat of war, he wrote what he called 
 " a few wild stanzas," in other words, a short poem, to which he gave 
 the name of "The Vision of Don Roderick," and sent the profits 
 derived from it as his subscription to the fund.
 
 SCOTT. 55 
 
 The excursion produced its most welcome fruit, one 
 which will last as long as the Poet's Stone itself, in the 
 magnificent " Lord of the Isles." But that was not to be 
 gathered yet, nor till he had found a new field for his 
 genius, which he eventually cultivated with greater dili- 
 gence, and perhaps, in the judgement of the world at large, 
 with still more triumphant skill than he had wooed the 
 Muse. 
 
 It was hardly to be expected that popularity such as 
 his should not provoke attempts to pull it down. The 
 first of which, and the only one of which the authorship 
 was avowed, came from that contemporary who alone 
 was destined to rival him in fame. Byron, in his " Eng- 
 lish Bards and Scotch Reviewers,'' sneered at him as 
 "Apollo's venal son," writing "Marmion" "for just half- 
 a-crown a line," because he had sold the copyright for 
 1,000 guineas. It was the only attack that seems to have 
 caused him even the most momentary irritation, though, 
 even then, it was but a good-humoured notice of it, when 
 he wrote to Ellis, that " it was funny to see a whelp of a 
 young Lord Byron abusing him, of whose circumstances 
 he knew nothing, for endeavouring to scratch out a living 
 with his pen. God help the bear, if, having nothing else 
 to eat, he must not even suck his own paws." And all 
 feelings of ill-will, however provoked, were too foreign to 
 his nature to abide long in his bosom. Indeed both 
 critic and poet were of too fine natures to cherish lasting 
 malevolence. It was not long before Byron frankly 
 acknowledged to Scott his repentance for " the evil works 
 of his nonage," which Scott as frankly forgave, and then 
 mutual admiration for one another's genius led to their
 
 56 LIFE OF 
 
 becoming as fast and firm friends as men could be who 
 had so few opportunities of meeting. 
 
 Other attacks had taken the form of parodies — "The 
 Lay of the Scotch Fiddle," and "The Goblin and Groom,'' 
 titles that showed their spite, which the stupidity of the 
 works themselves made harmless ; and his comment on 
 which was borrowed from Benedick, that "a college of 
 such witmongers should not flout him out of his humour." 
 Some were charges of plagiarism, though in more than one 
 instance the poem from which he was accused of borrow- 
 ing was of a later date than his own. One, sent to Scott 
 himself in a letter with a Cambridge post-mark, and signed 
 " Detector," contained a Latin couplet, which the writer 
 asserted to be manifestly the original of Marmion's most 
 pathetic address to Clare, which I cannot refuse myself 
 the pleasure of quoting : 
 
 " O woman ! in our hours of ease 
 Uncertain, coy, and hard to please, 
 And variable as the shade, 
 By the light quivering aspen made ; 
 When pain and anguish wring the brow, 
 A ministering angel thou." 
 
 In Vida, " Detector " declared that he found — 
 
 " Cum dolor atque supercilio gravis imminet angor 
 Fungeris angelico sola ministerio." 
 
 Ad Eranen, ii. 21. 
 
 But the lines are not in Vida, nor in any poem with such 
 a title, and the couplet was probably the composition of 
 some waggish undergraduate, thus anticipating the witty 
 translation, by which, in the next generation, Father
 
 SCOTT. 57 
 
 Prout humorously pretended to rob Mr. Wolfe of the credit 
 won by "Not a drum was heard," while regarded as an 
 original composition. 
 
 One parody was of a different character. It was in the 
 purest good humour that the brothers Smith gave a place 
 to " the Burning of Drury Lane," among the "addresses " 
 supposed to have been " rejected " by the theatrical com- 
 mittee ; and it was with at least equal good humour that 
 the poet thus travestied expressed to his imitators his con- 
 viction that he must certainly have written it himself, only 
 that he could not recollect the occasion.
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE year 1S12 was one to be marked with a white 
 stone in Scott's calendar. The death of Mr. 
 Home had placed him in the enjoyment of the salary of 
 the Clerkship of Session, of which till now he had only 
 had the work ; so that he was able to reckon his income, 
 without taking the profits of his literary labour into 
 account, at ^2,000 a year. He felt, therefore, that he 
 could indulge a desire, — which we cannot doubt that he 
 had long entertained, for a house of his own. His 
 lease of Ashestiel was on the point of expiring, so that 
 some move was unavoidable ; and in 181 1 there came 
 into the market a farm of one hundred acres, ex- 
 tending, as he described it to his brother-in-law, Mr. 
 Carpenter, along the banks of the Tweed for about half- 
 a-mile. Its name was Abbotsford, having in former times, 
 with the greater part of the adjacent territory, belonged 
 to the great Abbey of Melrose ; of which the farm com- 
 manded a view. The farmhouse was small and in bad 
 condition ; but many spots on the land offered favourable 
 sites. The price was moderate, about ^4,000, and not 
 beyond his means ; so he purchased the land, with the 
 intention of building a house for himself. At first his
 
 LIFE OF SCOTT. 59 
 
 idea did not go beyond an ornamental cottage, in the 
 style of an English vicarage; and, as he pressed the work 
 on with eager rapidity, it was completed sufficiently to 
 allow of his removal to it in the summer of 1812. He 
 and Mrs. Scott, as he described their feelings, were not 
 a little proud of being greeted as the Laird and Lady cf 
 Al'botsford, and he celebrated their occupation of their 
 new abode by a " gala to all the Scotts in the country, 
 from the duke to the peasant, who were to dance on the 
 green to the sound of the bagpipes, and drink whiskey- 
 punch. We are very clannish in this corner." But 
 the " flitting from Ashestiel," though so full of delight 
 and pride to themselves, was a sad one for the poorer 
 neighbours they left behind them j for they had been the 
 kindest of friends to all whom poverty or sickness re- 
 duced to need aid or counsel ; Mrs. Scott having even 
 some knowledge of the treatment required for ordinary 
 ailments ; so that she had been a Lady Bountiful of the 
 most useful kind ; and the sorrow of the peasantry of the 
 village was universal, though to the younger portion of it 
 relieved by the amusement caused by " the procession of 
 the furniture from the old to the new dwelling. Old 
 swords, bows, targets, and lances made a very con- 
 spicuous show. A family of turkeys was accommodated 
 within the helmet of some preux chevalier of ancient 
 Border fame. And the caravan, attended by a dozen of 
 rosy peasant children carrying fishing-rods and spears, 
 and leading ponies, greyhounds, and spaniels, would, as 
 it crossed the Tweed, have formed no bad subject for the 
 pencil, and really reminded one of the gipsy groups of 
 Callot on their march."
 
 60 LIFE OF 
 
 To lovers of literature and admirers of genius the same 
 year is scarcely less memorable, as that in which Scott and 
 Byron became acquainted. In his " Satire," as has been 
 already mentioned, Byron had included Scott, not so 
 much for faults in his poems, as for selling them ; as if 
 that had not been the ordinary practice. But the irrita- 
 tion which Scott had for the moment expressed at such 
 an absurd and uncalled-for attack on his management of 
 his private affairs, had long passed away, and when, in 
 the spring of this year, the first cantos of " Childe Harold " 
 came out, no one w r as more prompt or cordial than Scott 
 in the recognition of " their extraordinary power," though 
 his admiration was modified by a disapproval of the tone 
 of "misanthropical efinui" that marred their beauty. 
 Murray, who had published "Childe Harold," as he had 
 formerly published " Marmion," was not ignorant of the 
 high opinion Scott had expressed of the genius of the 
 younger bard, and was not unnaturally anxious to promote 
 a better understanding between two such men ; and 
 now he fancied he saw an opportunity for effecting 
 his judicious and benevolent object in an incident which 
 had lately occurred in London. 
 
 Byron, to quote his well-known account of the effect 
 his poem had produced, "awoke one morning and 
 found himself famous ; " and one result of his fame was 
 that at an evening party the Prince Regent had desired 
 the poet to be presented to him ; and had held a long 
 conversation with him, in which Scott and his poems had 
 formed one topic of discussion. Byron had mentioned 
 this to Murray, apparently with the intention that Murray 
 shuuld report it to Scott, who regarded it as an excuse
 
 SCOTT. Gl 
 
 for opening a communication with Byron himself, in 
 which, after paying him high and not undeserved com- 
 pliments on the " vivid and animated description mingled 
 with original sentiment " of the "Childe,"and "thanking 
 him for the flattering communication he had taken the 
 trouble to make to Murray in his behalf, which could not 
 fail to give him the gratification which he was sure was in- 
 tended," he took the opportunity of "putting him right as 
 to the circumstances connected with the sale of 'Marmion,' 
 which had reached him in a distorted and misrepresented 
 form." For " the poem was not written upon contract 
 for a sum of money," as "The Satire " seemed to imply, 
 " though it was too true that it was sold and published 
 in an unfinished state." And he only mentioned the 
 matter at all as " he might well be excused for a wish to 
 clear his personal character from any tinge of mercenary 
 or sordid feeling in the eyes of a contemporary of genius." 
 The promptitude of Byron's answer showed his eager- 
 ness to stand with his correspondent on a friendly footing. 
 As has been mentioned already, he expressed with all 
 sincerity his regret for his Satire ; and after thanking his 
 correspondent for his praise, he proceeded to relate his 
 conversation with the prince : — 
 
 " After some sayings, peculiarly pleasing from royal lips, 
 as to my own attempts, he talked to me of you and your 
 immortalities ; he preferred you to every bard, past and 
 present, and asked which of your works pleased me most. 
 It was a difficult question. I answered, I thought the 
 'Lay.' He said his own opinion was nearly similar. In 
 speaking of the others I told him I thought you more
 
 G2 LIFE OF 
 
 particularly the poet of Princes, as they never appeared 
 more fascinating than in ' Marmion' and 'The Lady of 
 the Lake.' He was pleased to coincide, and to dwell on 
 the description of your Jameses as no less royal than 
 poetical. He spoke alternately of Homer and yourself, 
 and seemed well-acquainted with both ; so that (with the 
 exception of the Turks and your humble servant) you 
 were in very good company." 
 
 With as little delay, Scott replied in a mirthful and 
 facetious tone, quoting the saying of some unknown 
 " wise man," that there is no surer mark of " regard than 
 when your correspondent ventures to write nonsense to 
 you." And from this time forth the great poets kept up 
 a tolerably frequent correspondence, though more than 
 two years were to elapse before they met. 
 
 Scott at this time was occupying himself with two 
 poems at once, of which the longer, " Rokeby," appeared 
 first, being published before the end of the year. Rokeby 
 was the Yorkshire seat of his friend Morritt, with the 
 extreme beauty of which, with its romantic variety of 
 glen, torrent, and copse, and two most beautiful rivers, 
 the Greta and the Tees, which join their currents in the 
 demesne, he had been greatly struck when he paid his 
 friend a visit two or three years before. And he now 
 made it the scene of a poem, whose action was laid in 
 the civil war of Charles I. It was not perhaps a poetical 
 time, and I confess to a feeling that, though by no means 
 destitute of vivid description, and characters well kept 
 up, it falls very short of the earlier poems. His own 
 description of it to Mr. Ellis was that of " a pseudo-
 
 SCO TT. f,3 
 
 romance of pseudo-chivalry. He hnd converted a lusty 
 buccaneer into a hero with some effect, but the worst of 
 all his undertakings was that his rogue, always in despite 
 of him, turned out his hero." But, in spite of this per- 
 version or conversion, " he hoped the thing would do, 
 chiefly because the world would not expect from him a 
 poem of which the interest turned upon character." " If it 
 was fair for him to say anything of his own poems, he 
 would say that the force in the ' Lay ' is thrown on 
 style; in ' Marmion,' on description; and in 'The 
 Lady of the Lake,' on incident." 
 
 The expectation of a new poem from him could not 
 fail to be eager and general : though, as it was under- 
 stood to have no reference to Scotland, less keen 
 in Edinburgh than in London. The whole edition of 
 3250 copies was sold off within a week. Those were 
 glorious days for authors when first editions were tall 
 quartos, selling for two guineas. But the demand was 
 sooner satisfied than that for " The Lady of the Lake " 
 had been ; and, though Lockhart is warm in his praise 
 of many incidents and passages, of "the whole contrast 
 of the two rivals for the love of the heroine, of the 
 inimitable descriptions of scenery, and the splendid 
 vivacity and thrilling interest of several incidents," he is 
 " compelled to confess that it has never been so much a 
 favourite with the public at large as any other of his 
 poetical romances." Moore even ventured to raise a 
 good-humoured laugh at it, as if it had owed its existence 
 to the circumstance of Rokeby being the abode of a 
 friend ; hinting that if Scott had any friends equally valued 
 in the more Southern counties, their seats might come
 
 04 LIFE OF 
 
 to be celebrated in the same manner. "Mr. Scott,'' be 
 wrote — 
 
 " Having quitted the Borders to seek new renown 
 Is coming by long quarto stages to town ; 
 And beginning with Rokeby (the job's sure to pay), 
 Means to do all the gentlemen's seats by the way." 
 
 With the other poem, "The Bridal of Triermain," 
 he tried to practise a hoax — not only on the general 
 public, but on his own most intimate friends. It was 
 published anonymously at the beginning of 1813. 
 It was copied out by a strange hand, that the printers 
 might not recognise the writing ; he had even, as 
 he afterwards confessed, " tried to mix something 
 that might resemble (as far as was in his power), 
 the feeling and manner of a friend who was more than 
 suspected of a taste for poetry, Mr. Erskine." And, 
 though Lockhart thinks it (as all must) next to impossible 
 that many should have been deceived, the reviewer in The 
 Quarterly was taken in — though it was probably Scott's 
 own intimate friend, Mr. Ellis. In Lockhart's opinion it 
 was for Jeffrey that " the trap had been set"; but he had 
 gone to America a short time before it was published, and 
 so escaped the hunter's toils. But Mr. Ellis spoke of the 
 poem throughout his review as " an imitation of Scott's 
 style ;" one which, "if inferior in vigour to some of his 
 productions, equals or surpasses them in elegance and 
 beauty ; and is more uniformly tender." The diction un- 
 doubtedly " reminds him of a rhythm and cadence he had 
 heard before ; but the sentiments, descriptions, and cha- 
 racters have qualities that are native and unborrowed."
 
 SCOTT. 65 
 
 The subject was taken from the very oldest of our 
 national legends — the achievements of King Arthur — ■ 
 though this particular incident in his history was due to 
 the poet's own invention ; and the combatants in the 
 tournament are gallants known to all students of those 
 romances as the Knights of the Round Table. In com- 
 parison with the other poems, "The Bridal" has one 
 fault, undeniable and incurable ; it is shorter by more 
 than half. Like Goldsmith's " Traveller," or " Deserted 
 Village," it is but a cabinet picture ; and therefore, at least 
 in the judgement of those who estimate a work of art by 
 the amount of canvas it covers, not entitled to be put on 
 a footing of equality with " Marmion " or " The Lady of 
 the Lake," — which again, if judged by the same standard, 
 would be placed on a lower level of dignity than any 
 poem in twenty-four or even twelve books or cantos. 
 But, except in length, it will be difficult to point out any 
 quality of excellence or attraction in which it is inferior 
 to its stouter predecessors. The Valley of St. John, in 
 which the scene is laid, was especially endeared to Scott, 
 since it was at a ball in that neighbourhood that he first 
 met his wife ; and if in " Lyulph's tale " he puts before 
 us the most striking features of the country itself, it may 
 perhaps not be too violent a stretch of fancy to believe 
 that in the vision of beauty which presented itself to 
 the sleeping knight, he was describing the charms of her 
 who for thirty years was the ornament and happiness 
 of his home. 
 
 Once more, and once only, did he again court the 
 judgement of the public with a poem ; and before he did 
 so he had tempted it with a composition of a different 
 
 5
 
 66 LIFE OF 
 
 class, the reception of which led him for the future to 
 devote himself wholly to prose as a vehicle for his fictions. 
 But it will be more convenient to close the examination 
 of his poems, before proceeding to speak of him as a 
 novelist. 
 
 The scenery of the Western Isles had impressed his 
 fancy as full of poetical suggestion on his visit to the 
 Laird of Staffa, which has been previously mentioned. 
 The impression had never worn off, and " The Bridal of 
 Triermain " had scarcely been completed, before he 
 began to carry out an idea, which had struck him, 
 of connecting it with the triumphs of the great cham- 
 pion of Scottish independence, the heroic Bruce. And 
 in the spring following the publication of " The Bridal," 
 an attempt, as it may almost be regarded, was made to 
 bind him to the continuance of his poetical labours by 
 the offer of the post of Poet-Laureate, which proceeded 
 from the express direction of the Prince Regent himself. 
 He was somewhat embarrassed by it, since he saw some 
 difficulty in declining what the Prince, " of his own free 
 motion," had undoubtedly intended both as a compliment 
 and a service. But, as he truly said to a friend to whom 
 he mentioned it, "the office was a ridiculous one." If it 
 was, it had not been made less so by the manner in which 
 it had been generally filled since the days of Dryden. 
 Pope's indignation or envy at Gibber's appointment 
 had excited him, most undeservedly, to brand the 
 author of " The Careless Husband," by placing him 
 in his intellectual pillory — the throne of the Dunces ; 
 but Scott had no reason to fear a similar result. 
 He anticipated indeed that, if he accepted the post,
 
 SCOTT. 67 
 
 he " should be well quizzed ; " though, if ever the 
 holders of it had been solemnly crowned, as in other 
 countries, the custom had been so long disused that it 
 was nearly forgotten. 1 That, however, he should not 
 mind ; but he did fear lest, " favoured as he had been by 
 the public, he might be considered, with some justice, as 
 engrossing a petty emolument, which might do real ser- 
 vice to some poorer brother of the Muses.'' All the friends 
 whom he consulted approved of his disposition to decline 
 the honour. The noble head of his clan, the Duke of 
 Buccleuch, pronounced that the title " would stick to him, 
 and all his productions, like a piece of Court-plaster;" 
 and, fortified by the general opinion and wish, he 
 declined it ; and was the more satisfied with his decision 
 when he had succeeded in procuring the offer of it to 
 Southey, certainly the man next in literary reputation to 
 himself at the time, and one who was unfortunately not 
 in such circumstances as made him equally indifferent to 
 an increase of income. 
 
 Interrupted, as it necessarily was, by his new occupation 
 as a novelist, the " Lord of the Isles," for that was the title 
 on which he fixed for his new poem, was not completed 
 till more than two years after the first canto had been 
 sketched out. As he meant it to be his last effort of the 
 kind, he took especial pains with it, and, in the summer 
 of 1814, revisited several of the islands to refresh his 
 recollection of the most striking features of the scenery. 
 
 1 D'Israeli (" Curiosities of Literature," vol. i. p. 457) mentions 
 that " Selden, after all his recondite researches, is satisfied with 
 saying that some trace of this distinction is to Lie found in our 
 nation."
 
 08 LIFE OF 
 
 It was published in January, 1815. The principal 
 reviews coincided in warm praise of its " glow of 
 colouring," its "energy of narrative," and its ampli- 
 tude of description, at the same time tempering their 
 eulogies with a suggestion of " defects," which, it must 
 be confessed, seem dictated by a spirit of hypercriti- 
 cism. The Edinburgh Review denounced the title as " a 
 misnomer," because the ostensible hero was, from the very 
 first, not the Lord of the Isles, but " King Robert Bruce," 
 and found defects in the scantiness of the narrative, the 
 want of sufficient connexion in the story, and of diversity 
 of scene and character. That the Bruce is the real hero 
 will of course be admitted ; but Scott, in more than one 
 instance, avowed his opinion that too taking a title was 
 injurious to a work, as raising too high the reader's 
 expectations. The accusation of scantiness of incident 
 will meet with little sympathy from those who remember 
 the banquet at Artornish, with its interruptions by the 
 arrival, first of the Bruce and his party,and after them, of the 
 Abbot, and the noble prophecy, with which, "like the 
 Midianite of old," he was constrained to foretell Bruce's 
 triumph and undying glory ; the flight of Edith ; the 
 perilous voyage of the bark which bore Bruce and his 
 fortunes; and the great battle itself. While the want of 
 "diversity of character" is a strange charge to bring in 
 the face of the portraits of Bruce, of his brother Edward, 
 of Lorn, of Argentine, of Edward the King ; and of the 
 unintentional rivals in Lorn's affections, Isabel and Edith. 
 Nor less does the critic seem to have overlooked the 
 glowing pictures of the varying scenery of the islets — 
 " That guard famed Staffa round ; "
 
 SCOTT. 09 
 
 and of Staffa's " wondrous dome " — 
 
 " Where, as to shnmc the temple deckM 
 By skill of earthly architect, 
 Nature herself, it seem'd, would raise 
 A Minster to her Maker's praise." 
 
 TJie Quarterly too was equally unfavourable, seeing 
 "certain violations of propriety," which it, however, fore- 
 bore to particularise, " both in the language and in the 
 composition of the story ; " and complaining of the poet's 
 neglect to bestow on his work " that common degree of 
 labour and meditation, which it is scarcely decorous to 
 withhold," — a charge which is at once disposed of by the 
 assertion of Scott himself, which has been mentioned 
 above, that he had bestowed especial pains on the poem, 
 because he meant it to be his last work of the kind. 
 
 Neither critic, however, denied that Bruce himself was 
 delineated with unsurpassed power; that, if the description 
 of the battle of Bannockburn does not quite equal that of 
 Flodden Field, it has no other superior, nor even equal, in 
 the whole range of modern poetry; and that the heroines, 
 for it may almost be said that there are two, are painted 
 with the most exquisite delicacy as well as diversity of 
 character. But, though the first edition was sold off at 
 once, the demand was not kept up as had been that for 
 the former poems, a falling off which must probably be 
 attributed mainly to the popularity of the Eastern tales, 
 which Byron was throwing off with unexampled rapidity, 
 and which, by their novelty, as pictures of countries and 
 peoples as yet unsung by English bards, and still more 
 by the intensity of passion which they created, put forth
 
 70 LIFE OF 
 
 as they were with an unrivalled mastery of language, a most 
 exquisite melody of rhythm, and an apparently inexhaustible 
 richness of imagination, took the fancy by storm, and for 
 a time made all competition hopeless. 
 
 " The Lord of the Isles," then, was Scott's last poem. 
 And, before proceeding to speak of his subsequent works, 
 the present seems a fitting place for an endeavour to point 
 out what were the prominent features of his genius which 
 pervaded, and lent their charm to, each and all of the 
 works'which have been mentioned. First among their most 
 characteristic excellences (which as will be seen hereafter 
 are also among the distinguishing beauties of his novels) 
 are the animation, the spirit, the Homeric fire and sus- 
 tained energy of the action. This is not confined to de- 
 scriptions of battles and feats of high emprise, but 
 displayed with equal fulness in such episodes as that of 
 Deloraine's ride to Melrose, of the transmission of the 
 Fiery Cross, of the " sweeping by " of Lord Ronald's 
 fleet, "streamer'd with silk and tricked with gold," or of 
 Bruce's lonely bark now " o'er the broad ocean driven," 
 now dragged overland across the isthmus, — a wondrous ex- 
 ploit foretold by " many a mountain seer " of old, as a sign 
 that the time was come when 
 
 " Old Albyn should in fight prevail, 
 And every foe should faint and quail, 
 Before her silver cross." 
 
 Such vigour, perhaps the grandest fruit of the highest 
 poetical genius, has been given to few. If it is not with- 
 out poetical justice that Dante represents Homer as 
 marching at the head of the band of poets, sword in hand,
 
 SCOTT. 71 
 
 as if he were their king, 1 Scott might in like manner be 
 portrayed " with spear and glaive, with targe and jack," so 
 far beyond all modern rivals are his descriptions of all 
 deeds of manly daring, courage, and toil. 
 
 Secondly, in no degree inferior in the variety of its ex- 
 cellence, nor in its influence on the taste of the reader, 
 may be pointed out the equally Homeric delicacy of his 
 female portraits. In the consummate purity and tender- 
 ness with which he draws maiden or matron, whether 
 noble or peasant, Christian or infidel, (to anticipate for 
 a moment the praise shared by the novels), if he does not 
 surpass Homer and Shakespeare, he is without compeer 
 among all the other masters of the lyre. It is no ex- 
 aggeration of the importance of a single gift or faculty, to 
 contend that not one is more indispensable to warrant a 
 claim to a place in the highest class of poets, than a per- 
 vading sense of the respect, the affectionate respect and 
 reverence, if I may say so, due to the female character. 
 And, as it is among the most precious, so it is among the 
 rarest distinctions of poets. Among the ancients it was con- 
 fined to Homer and Sophocles, whose Antigone mayalmost 
 be placed by the side of the earlier bard's Helen and 
 Andromache. It was so alien to the Roman idea of the 
 sex, that even Virgil fails in it. And among the moderns 
 the proportion who can claim it in any high degree is no 
 larger. Among the French, though Racine, and occasionally 
 Voltaire also, aimed at it, their want of success proves that 
 
 "Mira colui con quella spada in mano, 
 Che vien dinanzi a tre si come sire." 
 
 Inferno iv. 86.
 
 72 LIFE OF 
 
 the feeling which they laboured to express found no echo 
 in the nation. Tasso's admirably diversified delineations 
 of Clorinda and Erminia, more even than the Laura of 
 Tetrarch, save the more chivalous Italians from the same 
 imputation. But I fear it must be owned that, in the 
 seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the due recognition 
 of woman's highest attributes, and right to the most respect- 
 ful consideration, now justly considered inseparable from 
 the character of an English gentleman, was nowhere less 
 apparent than in English poetry. With the exception of 
 Shakespeare, who has been already alluded to, and whose 
 Lady Constance, Rosalind, Imogen, Desdemona, and 
 others, show him to have been equally endowed with this 
 as with every other faculty requisite to form the most 
 consummate and perfect genius, the Lady in " Comus " is 
 probably the only female portrait, worthy either of the 
 subject or the author, which was produced in that long 
 period ; and the exception is the more remarkable, since 
 certainly few poets ever showed in their own conduct less 
 of chivalry, or even of ordinary respect for the sex, than 
 Milton. 
 
 Rut Scott's mind was cast in the best mould of the 
 ancient chivalry, one of the most distinguishing features 
 of which was that which ranked undeviating respect and 
 deference to woman among the most powerful mainsprings 
 of action to every one who aspired to the character of a 
 perfect knight. And accordingly there are few of his 
 works in which at least one woman is not a conspicuous 
 and important character, and is not portrayed with the 
 most loyal care to justify the prominence assigned to her 
 by every feminine grace of person and mind, as well as by
 
 SCOTT. 78 
 
 the respect in which she is held even by the rudest of 
 the opposite sex. Margaret of Branksome, Clare, Ellen 
 Douglas, Edith of Lorn, Isabel Bruce, even Gwendolen 
 and Constance of Beverley may be added (though their 
 treatment was one of greater difficulty) — all, however 
 widely different, are equally objects over which the poet 
 might gladly linger, for which a champion might cheerfully 
 encounter death itself. 
 
 And somewhat akin to this excellence of female por- 
 traiture is his appreciation of the parental feeling, 
 in which again Homer and Sophocles almost alone 
 had preceded him. It has been seen how Pitt pro- 
 nounced Scott to have surpassed all his ideas of the 
 painter's power in his portraiture of the old minstrel 
 tuning his harp, and seeking to refresh his memory 
 in the presence of the Duchess and her ladies. And 
 even Canova failed to realise the exquisite pictures of 
 Astyanax and his parents, when the boy, beauteous as a 
 star, fell back affrighted on his nurse's breast, and the 
 god-like Hector laid aside his helmet, with its awfully 
 waving plumes, and kissed and dandled his child, while 
 he prayed that the infant hope of Troy might hereafter 
 surpass even himself in renown, and in the joy with which 
 Andromache would greet him, returning home in triumph 
 laden with the spoils of slaughter'd enemies. 1 The 
 " blind old man's " picture is still unequalled ; but it was 
 a spirit akin to his that showed to the Scottish minstrel 
 the stern Lady of Branksome, standing with dry eye beside 
 her husband's bloody bier, while 
 
 1 II. vi. 476.
 
 74 LIFE OF 
 
 "Vengeance, deep-brooding o'er the slain, 
 
 1 lad locked the source of softer woe, 
 And burning pride, and high disdain 
 
 Forbad the rising tear to flow. 
 Until, amid his sorrowing clan, 
 
 Her son lisped from the nurse's knee, 
 1 And, if I live to be a man, 
 
 My father's death revenged shall be.* 
 Then fast the mother's tears did seek 
 
 To dew the infant's kindling cheek." 
 
 Lay, i. 
 
 It was that spirit that taught him that nature did not 
 confine the feeling to the softer sex, but exerted the same 
 sway over the rudest barons of the Middle Ages as over 
 Cornelia, whose sons were the only jewels she desired. 
 
 " Some feelings are to mortals given 
 With less of earth in them than heaven ; 
 And, if there be a human tear 
 From passions dross refined and dear, 
 A tear so limpid and so meek 
 It would not stain an angel's cheek. 
 'Tis that which pious fathers shed 
 Upon a duteous daughter's head ; 
 And as the Douglas to his breast \ 
 His darling Ellen closely pressed, 
 Such holy drops her tresses steep'd, 
 Though 'twas a hero's eye that weep'd." 
 
 Lady of the Lake, ii. 22. 
 
 The skill with which, in all the poems, the perfect con- 
 sistency of each character is throughout preserved, may 
 not be passed over, nor the rare picturesqueness of painting 
 with which the beauties of every variety of scenery, rock, 
 wood, meadow, or torrent, separately or mingled, are
 
 SCOTT. 75 
 
 brought before the eye, with a vivid fidelity, which, if 
 subsequently equalled in " Childe Harold," has never, I 
 think, been surpassed. As a crown to the whole, the entire 
 mass of poems is instinct with a cheerful, genial, healthy 
 spirit, beyond any rules of art to catch, but implanted by 
 Heaven in the breast of the author as among the most 
 priceless of gifts. 
 
 With such qualities, if I have not erred in asserting 
 them to be conspicuous in these poems, it cannot be 
 thought strange that they should have been received on 
 their first appearance with unanimous admiration ; nor that 
 they should retain a great measure of their original popu- 
 larity, though nearly three quarters of a century have 
 elapsed since the publication of the latest. 
 
 We must pass on to the novels, in which also much of 
 the same qualities will be found, in their degree, to be 
 equally manifest.
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 AS has been already mentioned, before the publi- 
 cation of " The Lord of the Isles," Scott had 
 broken new ground as a novelist. When his cousin had 
 tried to dissuade him from tempting fortune, and the 
 judgement of the critical public, by a third poem, lest the 
 fame achieved by the " Lay " and " Marmion " should 
 be dimmed, as she feared it might be, if a new work of 
 the same kind should be thought, in ever so slight a 
 degree, to fall short of their excellence, he comforted her 
 for turning a deaf ear to her warning, by declaring his 
 resolution, if " The Lady of the Lake " proved a failure, 
 " to write prose for life." And he had begun to carry out 
 that resolution even before the diminished sale of "The 
 Lord of the Isles," in comparison with that of its prede- 
 cessors, seemed a proof that his poetry had been super- 
 seded in popularity by that of his younger rival, Lord 
 Byron. He himself was not disposed to quarrel with the 
 general verdict. On the contrary, he frankly avowed his 
 conviction of Byron's superiority in poetical genius, 
 telling Ballantyne that " Byron hit the mark, where he 
 did not even pretend to fledge his arrow," while (for the 
 disposition of both poets was too noble to admit a feeling 
 of the most passing jealousy or envy) Byron, with
 
 LIFE OF SCOTT. 77 
 
 equally sincere modesty, continued to avow his opinion 
 of Scott's pre-eminence; and, in spite of the present 
 popularity of his own poems, foretold that the day would 
 come when the public would return to its earlier love. 
 He had sent Scott a copy of " The Giaour," with an in- 
 scription on the fly-leaf that it was " an offering to the 
 Monarch of Parnassus from one of his subjects ; " and 
 every mention of him in his published works, or private 
 correspondence, shows that his opinion, as honourable to 
 himself as to its object, knew no change. 
 
 However that might be, and whether the balance of 
 sterling merit was on the side of the elder or the younger 
 poet, it was indubitable that the taste of the public for the 
 time gave a preference to the latter ; and Scott, recog- 
 nising the correctness of the judgement without a murmur, 
 at once decided on clothing his inspirations for the future 
 in a new dress, and on making the experiment whether 
 the same intellectual qualities, which had been admitted 
 to characterise his poetical fictions, might not be found 
 almost equally attractive in the more sober garb of prose. 
 And, with this view, in July, 1814, he published 
 " Waverley : or 'tis Sixty Years Since." 
 
 It was no new idea ; and, in one point of view, this 
 work was certainly not open to the charge of having been 
 hurried, since a portion, nearly one-third of it, had been 
 written nine years before. It had then been laid aside, 
 partly in consequence of the doubts of its success ex- 
 pressed by some friends to whom he had shown the 
 earliest chapters, but partly, too, and no doubt more, 
 because, as he himself explains in the preface to the entire 
 series of the novels, " as he had some poetical reputation,'
 
 78 LIFE OF 
 
 (acquired by " The Lay " in the beginning of the year), 
 ''he was unwilling to risk the loss of it, by attempting a 
 new style of composition." The same feeling had its 
 share in suggesting the course he now adopted of pub- 
 lishing " Waverley " anonymously, though not blind to the 
 drawback that, " as the title-page was without the name 
 of the author, it was left to win its way in the world 
 without any of the usual recommendations." Mr. 
 Morritt, who, almost alone of his friends, was taken 
 into his confidence, remonstrated against the ap- 
 pearance of secrecy, which he foretold would be vain, 
 since the veil was sure to be seen through ; but Scott 
 adhered to his determination, alleging first, as his chief 
 reason, that, "if he owned 'Waverley,' it would deprive 
 him of the pleasure of writing again "- — an argument 
 which it is not easy to understand ; and secondly, that 
 " he was not sure that it would be considered quite 
 decorous for him, as a Clerk of Session, to write novels. 
 Judges being monks" (we have certainly seen some who 
 had little of the monastic character), " clerks are a sort of 
 lay brethren, from whom some solemnity of walk and 
 conduct may be expected." So whatever he may do of 
 this kind, " he ' will whistle it down the wind, and let it 
 prey at fortune.' " 
 
 But the first month had not elapsed before he found Mr. 
 Morritt's prediction verified, and that his incognito was 
 seen through. David Hume, nephew of the historian, told 
 him that " the author must be of a Jacobite family and 
 predilections, a yeoman-cavalry man, and a Scottish 
 lawyer," and desired Scott himself to guess in whom 
 these happy attributes were united; and the reviewer in
 
 SCOTT. 79 
 
 The Edinburgh, mindful perhaps of the mystification which 
 had been attempted with " The Bridal," more than hinted 
 his suspicion, when he closed his notice of the book with 
 the suggestion that, " if it were indeed the work of an 
 author hitherto unknown, Mr. Scott would do well to 
 look to his laurels." While, as has been mentioned before, 
 Wilson, the author of " The Isle of Palms," but better 
 known, perhaps, as Christopher North, reproached a 
 company of pundits who were discussing the claims of 
 possible candidates for the honour of the authorship, by 
 reminding them of the notes to "The Border Minstrelsy," 
 as amply sufficient to prove the identity of the novelist 
 with the editor. The disguise, such as it was, however, Scott 
 persisted in maintaining long after he knew that it had 
 ceased to be such, but had been universally penetrated ; 
 a perseverance for which " he could render little better 
 reason than by saying with Shylock that ' such was his 
 humour.' ' Nor was it till the ruin of Ballantyne's affairs 
 rudely tore off the mask, that novel after novel was issued 
 with any other description of the writer than as " the 
 author of ' Waverley.' " 
 
 The entire series may be divided into three classes : x 
 
 1 Class I.—" Guy Mannering," " The Antiquary," "Rob Roy," 
 "The Black Dwarf," "The Heart of Midlothian," " The Bride of 
 Lammermoor," "The Pirate," "St. Ronan's Well," "Chronicles 
 of the Canongate," ser. i. ; Do. 2, " Fair Maid of Perth." 
 
 Class 2.— " Ivanhoe," " Kenilworth," "Fortunes of Nigel," 
 " Peveril of the Peak," " Quentin Durward," " The Talisman," 
 " The Betrothed," "Woodstock," " Anne of Geierstein," " Count 
 Robert of Paris." 
 
 Class 3.—" Waverley," "Old Mortality," "The Legend of 
 Montrose," " Redgauntlet," "Castle Dangerous."
 
 80 LIFE OF 
 
 those illustrative of Scottish life and manners ; those 
 of which the scene is not laid in Scotland, but which 
 turn on some well-known event or character in history — 
 Scottish, English, or continental ; and, thirdly, those 
 which combine the two previously-mentioned features, 
 being both Scottish and historical. 
 
 Scott's original aim in his new character of a novelist was 
 " to attempt for his own country something of the same 
 kind with that which Miss Edgeworth had so fortunately 
 achieved for Ireland — something which might introduce 
 her natives to those of the sister kingdom in a more 
 favourable light than they had hitherto been placed, and 
 might tend to procure sympathy for their virtues, and in- 
 dulgence for their foibles." For his success he placed 
 some reliance " on the intimate acquaintance with the 
 subject which he could claim to possess, as having tra- 
 velled through most parts of Scotland, both Highland 
 and Lowland ; having been familiar with the elder, as 
 well as with the more modern race ; and having had, 
 from his infancy, free and unrestrained communication 
 with all ranks of his countrymen, from the Scottish peer 
 to the Scottish ploughman." As he was reducing his ideas 
 to a definite plan, it seems to have occurred to him that 
 " Waverley," his " essay-piece," would have a better chance 
 of being acceptable to the public, at least on the southern 
 side of the Border, if he connected his delineation of 
 Scottish manners and feelings with some well-known 
 event with which the people of both England and Scot- 
 land were in some degree concerned. He was the more 
 inclined to such a course, since from his childhood his 
 familiarity with " the songs and tales of the Jacobites had
 
 SCOTT. 81 
 
 imbued him with a very strong prejudice in favour of the 
 Stuart family." And certainly no event in their modern 
 history afforded a more tempting opportunity for placing 
 them in an attractive light than the gallant attempt of the 
 youthful prince, Charles Edward, to replace on his father's 
 head the crown which, having been worn by his ancestors, 
 he regarded as their inalienable right. 
 
 "Waverley" may be said to belong to the third of 
 the classes by which I have ventured to distinguish 
 the novels. And it may be regarded in some degree as 
 belonging to the first also. Scotchmen, it is probable, 
 looked on it primarily, as Scott undoubtedly desired, as 
 a powerful and truthful description of the manners and 
 feelings of the Highlanders when this second opportunity 
 was afforded them of showing that their ancient heredi- 
 tary loyalty to the heirs of the great Bruce burnt as 
 warmly and steadily as ever. English readers, taking 
 another view, welcomed it chiefly as a novel with a wholly 
 new kind of subject, commemorating a great historical 
 enterprise in prose fiction, as, two centuries before, Shakes- 
 peare had portrayed the prowess of the Conqueror of 
 Agincourt. In whichever light it was regarded, it well 
 deserved the universal admiration it excited. As illus- 
 trative of Scotch manners and feelings, the Lowland laird, 
 whose hospitable feast was nearly having a termination, 
 which, if not unusual, was very inconsistent with the 
 joviality of its commencement ; and the Highland chief- 
 tain, the devotion of whose clan was nobly represented 
 by his foster-brother's offer to bring up the six best men 
 it could boast to die in his stead, — are portraits of which 
 even those who have no personal acquaintance with Scot- 
 
 6
 
 82 LIFE OF 
 
 land, cannot fail to recognise the truth. While regarded 
 in its historical aspect, it gives as lively, and at the same 
 time as correct, an idea of the brilliancy of the first 
 successes of "The Chevalier," and of their transitory 
 and delusive character, as can be gathered from the grave 
 and more detailed narrative of the professed historian. 
 Not less characteristic is the foray which spoilt the 
 baron's breakfast, and Evan's indignation at Waverley for 
 regarding the plunderer as " a common thief," when " to 
 take a tree from the forest, a salmon from the river, a 
 deer from the hill, or a cow from a Lowland strath, is 
 what no Highlander need ever think shame upon." Again 
 the war-cry of Fergus at Preston, " Forward, sons of Ivor, 
 or the Camerons will draw the first blood ! " exhibits one 
 of the most striking characteristics of the clan system 
 and feeling, in the mutual jealousy with which the clans 
 regarded one another, and which, if it was sometimes 
 the parent of deeds of admirable gallantry, was more 
 frequently the source of disaster, and at all times 
 made the task of commanding a Highland army one 
 of peculiar difficulty. Byron had described Scott to 
 the Regent as especially the poet of princes ; and that 
 the power which had made the Jameses appear so fas- 
 cinating in "Marmion" and "The Lady" was in no 
 way weakened by prose having become its vehicle, was 
 now shown in the portrait of their descendant, not 
 untruly invested with that chivalrous courtesy, genuine 
 kindness of heart, patience, high courage, and princely 
 tact, which no one ever needed more if he were to have 
 the least chance of surmounting the manifold difficulties 
 which surrounded him at every step of his enterprise.
 
 SCOTT. 83 
 
 The battle of Preston, the skirmish of Clifton, are told 
 with a spirit akin to that which had celebrated the 
 battle of Beal'an Duine. It may be added that this new 
 class of composition brought out one talent, for the ex- 
 hibition of which the poems had afforded no similar 
 opportunity — that of humour. The Baron is no very un- 
 equal successor to Uncle Toby, as a veteran with a fond 
 reminiscence of the feats of arms in which he has borne his 
 part, though more fortunate than King William's soldier, 
 as not being disabled from future service if occasion 
 should offer ; prouder also in the dignity of his free 
 barony, and consequent right to pull off his sovereign's 
 boots, while Uncle Toby was little concerned by the 
 bar-sinister on the Shandy arms, and would have exulted 
 equally at William's reproof of Count Solmes, whether 
 his Majesty had worn boots or brogues, or charged at 
 Steinkirk as barefooted as Cameron at Killiecrankie. 
 How great a value Scott set on pathos may be seen in 
 his praise of Otway in " The Essay on the Drama." 
 The description of the death of Constance Beverley had 
 shown that he himself was not destitute of it ; but neither 
 that, nor perhaps any passage in the language, surpasses 
 in truth and power the agony of Flora at her interview 
 with Waverley, w r hile her fondly-loved brother is awaiting 
 his miserable doom, and she is wrought up by misery to 
 self-reproach, as if " the strength of mind on which she 
 prided herself" had contributed to his ruin. 
 
 The week after the publication of " Waverley," Scott 
 had gone on the two months' trip among the Western Isles 
 which has already been mentioned in connection with 
 the " Lord of the Isles"; and on his return he was met
 
 84 LIFE OF 
 
 by the welcome intelligence that two editions had already 
 been exhausted, and that a third was in the press. 
 Before the end of the year a fourth also was required ; 
 and it is not strange that a success so wholly unprece- 
 dented should have decided him to lose no time in 
 following it up. " Guy Mannering, or the Astrologer," 
 was instantly commenced, even before the " Lord of the 
 Isles " was finally dismissed from his desk ; and it was 
 completed with a rapidity which seems hardly credible, 
 but which shows how just had been his claim to an 
 intimate acquaintance with every class of Scottish society ; 
 even gipsies not being excluded. We may also, perhaps, 
 see in the tale traces of a lurking fancy that there was 
 somewhat more foundation for the claims of astrology 
 to be reckoned among the sciences, than was generally 
 admitted ; and the novel would have an interest attaching 
 to no other, if we were to adopt the notion of the poet 
 Hogg that Colonel Mannering, whether by design or not, 
 was an unmistakable likeness of the author himself. But 
 Hogg's critical judgement does not seem to have equalled 
 his poetical talent. Certainly no features in the charac- 
 ter of the Colonel resemble any idea which Lockhart's 
 biography leads us to form of Scott himself ; and, if any 
 one of the personages can be supposed to reflect any of 
 his own lineaments, his tastes or habits, they may, one 
 would think, rather be found in the shrewd old Scottish 
 lawyer, Mr. Pleydell : drawn with a sly humour which 
 did not even spare himself, if we may suppose, as no 
 doubt we may, that he in his time had borne his share in 
 the "High Jinks" — "anciently, O Themis, the sport of 
 thy Scottish children." From his subsequent preface
 
 SCOTT. 85 
 
 to "Guy Mannering," in the edition of his collected 
 novels, we ham that the principal incidents, the astrolo- 
 gical predictions delivered at the birth of the infant, with 
 their eventual accomplishment in the recovery of his 
 property and station, had a foundation partly on well- 
 known fact, and partly in a story, if not true, at least 
 very generally reported as such ; and that many of the 
 characters, Meg Merrilies, the Dominie, and even Dirk 
 Hatteraick, had their prototypes in real persons ; — in Jean 
 Gordon, in the "tutor in the family of a gentleman of 
 considerable properly," whose name is not given, and in 
 a Dutch skipper named Yawkins, long " a terror to the 
 officers of the revenue on the coast of Galloway " : the 
 last-mentioned identity being so commonly recognised 
 that a cave near Rueberry, in which Yawkins used at times 
 to store his smuggled goods, has ever since been known 
 as Dirk Hatteraick's cave. That " Guy Mannering " was 
 wholly Scotch proved no obstacle to its success. Again 
 the printers could hardly keep pace with the demand for 
 fresh editions. Nor is the popularity, thus satisfactorily 
 attested, difficult to account for. Whether Colonel 
 Mannering resembled Scott himself or not, it is clear 
 that the colours in which he was painted must have 
 been regarded as most attractive for the idea to have 
 occurred to any one. And, besides him, we have the 
 gossipping, amiable, but weak Squire, as pleased as " the 
 King himself, honest gentleman," at his commission of 
 Justice of the Peace ; the long-lost heir, with his vicis- 
 situdes of fortune ; the lively, impulsive, but faithful 
 mistress of his affections; the honest yeoman with his 
 11 Ailie," his bairns, his Dumple, and Mustard and Pepper,
 
 8G LIFE OF SCOTT. 
 
 whose descendants were soon to find a domicile at 
 Abbotsford ; the shrewd and benevolent lawyer ; the 
 pompous Baronet with his "triads"; the Dominie, drawn 
 with infinite humour; the old gipsy-woman, with her firm 
 belief in her own power of learning the secrets of futurity 
 from the stars, and her unfaltering loyalty of affection to 
 the House of Elian gowan; and, as the piece does not lack 
 the contrast of villains, the ruffianly smuggling skipper, 
 and the still more odious, because more contemptible, 
 agent ; the whole forming a gallery of portraits not less 
 admirable in their diversity than in the truth to nature and 
 harmonious keeping with which each, gentle or simple, 
 male or female, honest or infamous, is conceived and 
 set before us.
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 IF more " refreshment to the machine " was needed, 
 none could deny that it had been handsomely 
 earned. And that which Scott now felt entitled to give 
 it was of a more healthy kind than a mere transition from 
 one kind of work to another. The large returns from 
 the two novels had given him, as he reckoned, a hundred 
 or two to spare, which he resolved to devote to a visit to 
 London, which he had not seen for several years. It was 
 a visit which was looked forward to with great eagerness 
 by all who were aware of his intention. Miss Baillie 
 wrote to him to warn him "that he must make up his 
 mind to be stared at only a little less than the Czar 
 of Muscovy, or old Bliicher," who, the year before, had 
 startled the metropolitan world out of its propriety, as it 
 crowded to gaze on the warrior who, next to our own 
 great general, was regarded by us as having the principal 
 share in pulling down Buonaparte from his throne. Scott 
 had grown to be a greater lion than he had been before, 
 and more than ever was the object of attentions enough 
 to turn any head less strong than his own. 
 
 Probably the most gratifying of all the events that 
 befell him was the opportunity of making the personal
 
 88 LIFE OF 
 
 acquaintance of Byron. They met almost daily, each 
 occasion of their intercourse increasing their respect for 
 each other's talents and, it is hardly too much to say, 
 personal character. Like the heroes in the Iliad, they 
 exchanged gifts, in which Scott himself, in his own 
 opinion, "played the part of Diomedc "; since, in return 
 for a gold-mounted dagger, "which had been the pro- 
 perty of the redoubted Elfi Bey," Byron gave him a large 
 sepulchral vase of silver, filled with bones which might 
 have belonged to some of the greatest warriors or philo- 
 sophers of antiquity, since they had been recently found 
 in some ancient sepulchres within the long walls of 
 Athens. It may well be believed that it was cherished 
 among the choicest treasures of Abbotsford, its value 
 being infinitely augmented in Scott's eyes by his real 
 regard for the giver. Others whom he now met were Sir 
 Humphry Davy, the great chemist ; and Rogers, known as 
 Rogers the poet, but the excellence of whose breakfasts 
 far surpassed the merits of his verses. 
 
 Among those, if it be not more proper to say, first of 
 those, who looked forward to his visit, was the Prince 
 Regent. He had desired Croker, of whose previous 
 acquaintance with Scott he was aware, to give him the 
 earliest notice of his arrival, that he " might get up a snug 
 little dinner that would suit him." And, as soon as he 
 had been presented at Court, as etiquette required before 
 he could with propriety be the object of the royal notice, 
 the dinner took place. The company, as the Prince 
 proposed, was to be "just a few friends of his own, and 
 the more Scotch the better ; " and, as among the half- 
 intellectual, half-social gifts of the Prince was the same
 
 SCO TT. 89 
 
 faculty of story-telling for which Scott had been dis- 
 tinguished from his childhood, they, both being, as 
 Crokcr afterwards described the events of the evening, 
 " aware of their forte" exerted themselves to the utmost 
 and with delightful effect, so that the company could not 
 really decide which of them had shone the most. To 
 whom the world was indebted for " Waverley," was still 
 unavowed, though it is hardly too much to say that it had 
 ceased to be unknown. And the Prince thought he 
 could make a custom, which in those days still prevailed 
 at dinner tables, available to extract a confession of the 
 truth. The company had not yet risen from table, when 
 the Regent filled his glass, and called for " a bumper with 
 all the honours, to the author of ' Waverley.' " An old 
 Borderer and an old lawyer was not a person to be taken 
 by surprise, and Scott was equal to the emergency. He, 
 too, filled his glass, and, since " His Royal Highness 
 looked as if he thought that he had some claim to the 
 honours of this toast," explained " that he had no such 
 pretentions ; " but promised " to take care that the real 
 Simon Pure should hear of the high compliment that had 
 now been paid him." But neither was the Regent a man 
 to be baffled in his purpose. Once more he filled his 
 glass, and demanded " another of the same to the author 
 of ' Marmion ; ' and now, Walter, my man," he added, 
 " I have checkmated you for once ! " — the " checkmate " 
 being an allusion to an anecdote that had just before 
 been told by Scott of a well-known Scotch judge. Other 
 dinner parties followed, not less lively or less flattering to 
 the guest. And, as a lasting memorial of his visit, the 
 Prince gave him a golden snuff-box, set with diamonds,
 
 90 LIFE OF 
 
 and further embellished with his own portrait on the 
 lid. 
 
 Scott had hardly returned home when lie was irresistibly 
 tempted to a second " outing " by the great event which 
 has made 1S15 a landmark in history, the crowning 
 victory of Waterloo. To express his feelings in his own 
 words, the intelligence " set him on fire." It has been 
 seen how, for some years, his attention had been rivetted 
 on Wellington's career, how he had even thought of re- 
 pairing to the Peninsula to witness the exploits in which 
 he took so deep an interest, but had been induced to 
 abandon the scheme. But now he could be restrained no 
 longer, and with a small party of friends, whom he in- 
 spired with his own ardour, he at once crossed the Channel, 
 repairing first to Brussels, to satisfy his eyes with an ex- 
 amination of the scene of action, and then proceeding to 
 Paris to feast his patriotism with a sight of the once proud 
 city, no longer sending forth armies to seize upon all the 
 other capitals of the Continent, from Madrid to Moscow, 
 but now herself captured and in the possession of an 
 English army, and its not unworthy Prussian ally. He pro- 
 posed too to make his countrymen sharers in his exultation, 
 and in the details which he did not doubt to gather, by 
 publishing an account of all he might see and hear. And 
 with this view, before he quitted England, he arranged for 
 the publication of a volume, in the form of letters to his 
 friends in Scotland. Immediately after his return they 
 were issued, under the title of " Paul's Letters to his 
 Kinsfolk ; " the letters being in reality those which he 
 had written almost daily to his wife, and which, after being 
 circulated among the members of his family, were at once
 
 SCOTT. 01 
 
 almost without alteration, transmitted to the printer. 
 
 They would not be his if they were not lively, animated, 
 and often shrewd, though like most of the early visitors 
 to the field, he was imposed upon by a cunning Flemish 
 peasant, who, according to his own account, had been 
 pressed into the service of Napoleon, as his guide for the 
 day, and was consequently able to describe the great Em- 
 peror's movements, orders, and occasional sayings ; even 
 how he had himself excited Napoleon's laughter by duck- 
 ing his head at the whistle of the cannon balls, which the 
 Emperor told him " would hit him all the same," while 
 the truth was that the man had been in a secret hiding- 
 place ten miles from the battle-field the whole day. But 
 people were too eager for news to scrutinise vigilantly all 
 the tales that might be told them. 
 
 From Waterloo he proceeded to Paris, where he was 
 presented to the Czar, and, as he was wearing his volun- 
 teer uniform, was cross-examined, as to his military 
 service ; and also to Flatoff, the celebrated Hetman of 
 the Cossacks, who, a day or two afterwards, leapt off his 
 horse in the middle of the street to kiss him on both 
 sides of the face ; and, above all, to the Duke of 
 Wellington himself, whom he had always regarded with 
 a respect bordering on enthusiasm, steadily maintaining 
 that the talent requisite to form a general of the first class 
 was of a far higher order than that of any poet or 
 philosopher. His acquaintance was also sought with 
 eagerness by many of the Frenchmen most eminent 
 for literature or science ; but it was not without great 
 disgust that he found that among those introduced 
 to him had been the infamous David, the Jacobin
 
 92 LIFE OF 
 
 and regicide artist, whose portrait by some unaccountable, 
 and, I must think, not creditable oversight, has been 
 allowed to disfigure the Albert Memorial. 
 
 Alter some weeks spent in such interesting scenes and 
 company, he returned home, the price he received for 
 " Paul's Letters " being not the only, nor perhaps the 
 most valued profit he had derived from the excursion. 
 Mrs. Rawdon Crawley 1 had not so entirely exhausted the 
 memorials of the great battle for the behoof of her aunt- 
 in-law, but that there were still some relics to be gleaned. 
 Indeed, at all the neighbouring villages, a regular mart had 
 been established for the sale of such articles, and he was 
 able to enrich his museum at Abbotsford with cuirasses, 
 caps of the Imperial Guard decorated with the Imperial 
 Eagle, Crosses of the Legion of Honour, and, more 
 curious still, with a MS. collection of French songs, found 
 in the pocket of a French officer who had fallen, among 
 which was that now so widely known as Partant pour la 
 Syric, which caught his fancy so much that he clothed it in 
 an English dress, and, 
 
 " It was Dunois, the young and brave," 
 was presently sung in many a Scotch and English draw- 
 ing-room, and applauded by companies ignorant of the 
 history of its discovery. Another fruit of his excursion 
 was "The Field of Waterloo," a short poem written that 
 its profits might go to swell the fund which a grateful 
 nation was raising for the relief of those whom the great 
 victory had left widows or orphans. That purpose it 
 answered, since it had an enormous sale, but it cannot 
 be regarded as worthy of his poetical renown ; and 
 
 1 " Vanitv Fair."
 
 SCOTT. 93 
 
 perhaps a battle in modern times, not depending on the 
 personal prowess of the champions, or presenting such 
 romantic features as those fought on the fields of Troy, 
 of Latium, or Stirling, is not calculated for a minute detail 
 in verse, but can only be effectively treated in a sketch, 
 such as that presented to Childe Harold's eyes and mind 
 as he traversed the same field. 1 
 
 After some weeks so spent, Scott returned to Abbots- 
 ford, where he now found occupation almost as congenial 
 in adorning the outside with judicious plantations as in 
 decorating the inside with antiquarian relics. From 
 time to time he had been extending his boundary by the 
 purchase of outlying farms, which fortunately came into 
 the market, till the estate was approaching the dignity of 
 a domain ; and no little space in many of his letters is 
 taken up by discussions on the comparative merits of larch, 
 birch, mountain ash, and oak, and of the distances to be 
 allowed between the young trees, so as to give them 
 sufficient room for growth, with a clear regard to an 
 undergrowth of sweetbriar, honeysuckle, and other shrubs 
 of colour and fragrance, not forgetting to leave space for 
 a bowling green, that he might " have a game at bowls 
 after dinner every day in fine weather.'' 
 
 His bailiff, ox grieve, Tom Purdie, was something of a 
 " character," whose acquaintance he had originally made 
 under circumstances not calculated to win much sympathy 
 from any one in whom benevolence and shrewd judge, 
 ment were less combined than in himself. Tom had been 
 brought before him, as Sheriff, on a charge of poaching, 
 but, as Lockhart relates the incident, " he gave such a 
 ' "Childe Harold," c. iii.
 
 94 LIFE OF 
 
 touching account of his circumstances, a wife, and I know 
 not how many children depending on his existence, work 
 scarce, and grouse abundant, and all this with a mixture 
 of odd sly humour, that the Sheriffs heart was moved. 
 Tom escaped the penalty of the law, and was taken into 
 Scott's own employment as shepherd, in which capacity 
 he showed great zeal, activity, and shrewdness; and his 
 master never had any occasion to repent the step he 
 soon afterwards took in promoting him to the posi- 
 tion of bailiff, and entrusting him with the manage- 
 ment of his farm and plantations." Tom's personal 
 appearance cannot have been attractive, since he sat 
 for the picture of Cristal Nixon in "Redgauntlet," but 
 he took the most faithful interest in all that concerned 
 his master, not only speaking of the plantations as " our 
 woods," but of the novels, as they proceeded, as "our 
 balks." As the " odd sly humour " remained with him 
 to the last, there were few whose conversation afforded 
 greater amusement to his master and his friends ; and, 
 when he died in 1S29, Scott erected a modest monument 
 to his memory, and himself wrote the epitaph, " In grate- 
 ful remembrance of his faithful and attached service of 
 twenty-two years, and in sorrow for the loss of a humble 
 but sincere friend." 
 
 These, however, were relaxations. I lis business was 
 the completion of a third novel, the commencement of 
 which he thus announced to Ballantyne, his printer — 
 
 " Dear James, I'm done, thank Cod, with the long yarns, 
 Of the most prosy of Apostles, Paul, 
 A\ul now advance, sweet Heathen of Monkbarns, 
 Step out, old quiz, as fast as T can scrawl."
 
 SCOTT. 95 
 
 It need not be said that the "sweet Heathen" was 
 Jonathan Oldbuck, "the Antiquary." With that title the 
 new novel was published in the following May. To one 
 of his friends Scott himself described it as " wanting the 
 romance of'Waverley,' and the adventure of 'GuyManner- 
 ing ; ' but yet having some salvation about it, for, if a man 
 will paint from nature, he will be likely to amuse those who 
 are daily looking at it." In Lockhart's belief, he eventually 
 regarded it with greater favour than any other of his 
 novels, a judgement which to this day is shared by not a 
 few of his readers. An old family friend would perhaps 
 have explained his preference by the likeness the Laird 
 himself bore to one of the most valued friends of the 
 author's father. But it is possible that the attraction might 
 have been found still nearer home, since few shared the 
 tastes or entered into the pursuits of Mr. Oldbuck with 
 greater keenness than Scott himself. And it may even 
 be that the traps into which the Antiquary occasionally 
 fell, and which afforded such humorous amusement 
 to old Edie, were drawn from some of his own mis- 
 adventures. 
 
 1 1 is rapidity of composition was something marvellous, 
 when it is considered that it was not purchased by any 
 carelessness in the execution of his work. "The Anti- 
 quary" had not been published till May, but before 1816 
 passed by, two more novels were completed, bound 
 together by one title of "Tales of my Landlord." The 
 landlord in question is the innkeeper at Gander- 
 cleugh, a town strangely overlooked by the hydro- 
 graphers, and his name, according to the account of 
 the schoolmaster of the parish, is Mr. Jedediah Cleish-
 
 96 LIFE OF 
 
 botham. Like mine host of the Tabard, in Chaucer's 
 "Prologue," he is "a pleasing and facetious man," one who 
 seemed fitted by these qualities to perform to the Tales 
 the part which the aged minstrel had played to the 
 " Lay." The " tales " were two in number, " The Black 
 Dwarf" and "Old Mortality" — the former a cock-boat 
 in comparison with the gallant first rate, in whose wake it 
 sailed. " Old Mortality " was the name, or rather nick- 
 name, of a small farmer of Dumfriesshire, who, inheriting 
 no little of the Cameronian fanaticism of the preceding 
 century, neglected his farm, and his family, and devoted 
 the latter years of his life to visiting the graveyards of the 
 different parishes in which those whom he regarded as 
 martyrs for their religion, had died from the hardships 
 brought on by long imprisonment, or from injuries sus- 
 tained in attempts to escape ; the object of his visit 
 being to keep in repair the monuments and gravestones 
 designed to preserve the memory of their virtues and their 
 fate. 
 
 " Old Mortality," in the eyes of Lockhart, a critic by 
 profession, since he was the editor of The Quarterly 
 Review, is "the ' Marmion' of the novels." He calls it 
 Scott's first attempt to repeople the past by the "power of 
 imagination working on materials furnished by books. '' 
 For in "Waverley," he had but revived the dreams of 
 his own boyhood, and had drawn upon the artless oral 
 narratives of aged friends. " The story," Lockhart adds, 
 " is formed with a deeper skill than any of the preceding 
 novels ; the characters are contrasted and projected with 
 a power and felicity which neither he nor any other 
 master ever surpassed."
 
 SCOTT. 97 
 
 The praise is hardly exaggerated. But " Old Mortality " 
 is also entitled to special notice as being the first instance 
 in which the author's principal object was to delineate a 
 great historical character, and indeed to do justice to one 
 who had been undeservedly traduced. His indignation 
 had often been excited by the libellous accounts of 
 Graham of Claverhouse, which had obtained circulation 
 and belief in many districts. Scott often complained 
 that "no character had been so forcibly traduced," 
 that thanks to Wodrow, Cruikshank, and such chroniclers, 
 " he who was, every inch, a soldier and a gentleman, 
 still passed among the Scottish vulgar for a ruffian 
 desperado, who rode a goblin horse, was proof against 
 shot, and in league with the devil." Scott's own grand- 
 father had been a Killiecrankie man. Dundee's picture 
 was the only one in his own library ; and, as if he had 
 foreseen the bitterness with which Macaulay gave a lasting 
 and wider currency to the falsehoods of those annalists of 
 the Covenanters, he now, by a happy anticipation, set the 
 gallant warrior in his true light, as one who, though he 
 confessed sympathy with Froissart, — whose " beautiful ex- 
 pressions of sorrow are confined to the death of the gallant 
 and highbred knight, of whom it was pity to see the fall, 
 such was his loyalty to his king, pure faith to his religion, 
 hardihood towards his enemy, and fidelity to his lady 
 love," — saw nothing in these knightly principles, which 
 Claverhouse had indeed adopted for his own rule of life, 
 inconsistent with unsparing severity towards " the villain 
 churls " whom he found in open insurrection. 
 
 The taste of the public coincided with that expressed 
 by Lockhart, as was shown by the sale, which exceeded 
 
 7
 
 98 LIFE OF 
 
 that of any of the former novels. Before the " Tales " 
 had been out two months, Scott could estimate the profit 
 at ^2,500. And, confident in his ability to follow up this 
 success by similar efforts for many years, he began to 
 enlarge his views, and to aim at becoming himself the 
 founder of a new branch of the great house of Buccleuch. 
 His purchases of land around Abbotsford had already 
 extended his estate to near 1000 acres, much of the 
 land thus acquired proving also of greater value than he 
 had anticipated ; and the house was growing in corre- 
 sponding proportions, till it gradually became a mansion 
 suitable for the entertainment of the visitors of all ranks 
 and all nations, who flocked thither in numbers constantly 
 increasing, as his fame spread more and more widely, to 
 enjoy his society, or to do homage to his genius. In a 
 burlesque poem, with which he had recently amused him- 
 self and the readers of The Saleroom, a weekly paper 
 which was one of Ballantyne's speculations, he had 
 represented Sultan Solimaun of Serendib on a voyage 
 for the discovery of "a happy man," but coming to the 
 conclusion that, wherever else one might be found, Scot- 
 land was not the country, so full of grumbling were the 
 natives at the high price of tea, pepper, and nutmegs ; 
 and, though meal also was dear, at the fall in the price 
 of "grain that wadna' pay the yoking of the plough." 
 But, if the mighty prince had prosecuted his search on 
 the author's side of the country, he would have found as 
 happy a man on the banks of the Tweed as any who 
 "jested, sang, or capered fair and free" on those of the 
 Liffey or the Shannon ; so complete and pure was Scott's 
 enjoyment while directing Tom Purdie's planting, drain-
 
 SCOTT. 99 
 
 ing, and top-dressing with " marie," of which he reports 
 to Mr. Morritt he has discovered wealth in a newly- 
 purchased bog ; and which was so invaluable for his 
 purpose, that already, " in his mind's eye," he saw all the 
 blucbank, the " hinnybee, and the other provinces of his 
 poor kingdom, waving with deep rye grass and clover, 
 like the meadows at Rokeby." An envious critic, one of 
 the class whom the sight of virtue or genius, especially 
 when successful, seems to provoke rather than to tran- 
 quillise, has found matter for grave reproach in Scott's 
 ambition to acquire an estate and found a family, as 
 if it were a prostitution of genius to the sordid and un- 
 worthy object of mere acquisition. But such an attack 
 shows rather the unreasoning meanness of the critic than 
 of the author. Wealth and high position are legitimate 
 objects of pursuit, so long as the means employed are 
 honourable. Of the noblest families in the British 
 peerage many owe their origin to the professional ability 
 of a learned or eloquent lawyer, not a few to the judicious 
 enterprise of a merchant or a manufacturer. And, if few 
 such houses can be traced back to authors in prose or 
 verse, the reason is to be found in the rarity of pre- 
 eminent literary genius ; but certainly not in the disdain 
 of poet, novelist, or historian for riches, which, it must 
 be borne in mind, can never be acquired by them, except 
 as the reward of the pleasure, combined with instruction, 
 which they have afforded to thousands upon thousands 
 of readers, not confined, as Scott's are not, to one country 
 or one generation.
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 SCOTT could not afford to be idle, nor had he the 
 inclination. Appetite is said to be sharpened by 
 eating, and the fondness for composition is not less 
 stimulated by indulgence. As usual, he had more than 
 one other work in hand, which may be passed over 
 without any special notice. But the last sheets of " Old 
 Mortality " were hardly out of the printers' hands, before 
 he began to plan a fresh novel, though the execution of 
 his idea was delayed by different circumstances ; one 
 of which was of a melancholy character, being a severe 
 attack of illness, beginning with cramp in the stomach, 
 which, though at first it was subdued for the moment, 
 recurred continually for the next year or two, often with 
 an increased violence, which quite incapacitated him for 
 work. At last, however, in December, the new novel came 
 out, under the title of " Rob Roy," the name of the chief 
 of the broken or proscribed clan of McGregor, who, at 
 the beginning of the century, had enjoyed a somewhat 
 equivocal reputation from the diversity of his occupa- 
 tions : at one time as a peaceful dealer in cattle, at 
 another as a levier of black-mail, not infrequently as a 
 political agent in the confidence at once of Jacobite
 
 LIFE OF SCOTT. 101 
 
 lairds and chieftains, and, at the same time, so singularly 
 adroit were his machinations, of their most active and 
 influential enemy, the Duke of Argyll ; and, once at 
 least, as the captain of a well-armed body of clansmen, 
 sufficient to have turned the scale at Sheriff Muir, if he 
 had not, in spite of many a command to act, obstinately 
 preferred the part of a spectator to that of an actor in 
 the conflict. 
 
 From one point of view " Rob Roy " was composed 
 on a new plan. The novelist was not the narrator of the 
 story. In " Guy Mannering " much of the private history 
 of Colonel Mannering and his daughter Julia had been 
 explained in letters of their own to distant friends ; and 
 in " Rob Roy " the incidents in the life of Mr. Francis 
 Osbaldeston, on which the story turns, are throughout 
 related by himself in a series of letters, though the flow 
 of the narrative is not interrupted by any epistolary 
 commencements or conclusion, and the reader is only re- 
 minded of the fact by the occasional recurrence of the first 
 person. But the public did not care about the form. In 
 a letter to Mr. Morritt, Scott expressed a fear that the book 
 "smelt of the cramp." But that fear was only suggested 
 by the pain in which much of it had been written ; and 
 that it had no other ground was proved by the universal 
 favour with which the tale was at once received, and 
 which it still retains without much diminution. Nor is 
 it strange that it should do so, since, in addition to the 
 animation with which the different incidents are related, 
 and which was indeed among the most inseparable charac- 
 teristics of the author's genius, it contains one character, 
 the Baillie, conceived and drawn throughout in a vein of
 
 102 LIFE OF 
 
 the richest humour ; and one of his most exquisite 
 female portraits in Die Vernon, the winner of all 
 hearts in her own circle then, and of all readers now, 
 who cannot but rejoice at her extrication from the toils 
 of Rashleigh, the villain of the piece, and from the 
 threatened miseries of a convent, to find the rest and 
 happiness her beauty and virtues deserve in her union 
 with her cousin Francis, also, like her, victorious over 
 the machinations of his enemies. 
 
 So steady had been the rise in the popularity of the 
 novels, that the publishers of " Rob Roy" had begun with 
 an edition of 10,000 copies, a number which no work of 
 any kind ever published in the kingdom had reached 
 before ; but which only met the demand of a single 
 fortnight. It was a natural consequence of such suc- 
 cess, that Scott at once began to make arrangements for 
 another novel, which was to be called a second series of 
 " The Tales of my Landlord," though, in fact, it contained 
 but one, " The Heart of Midlothian." It was the tale of 
 what had nearly been a painful tragedy, the execution of 
 a girl for the murder of a child who was still alive. To 
 the citizens of Edinburgh it was commended by the 
 circumstance of their own city having been the scene 
 of the principal incidents described, and especially of 
 the singular riot organized for the murder of Captain 
 Porteous : to Scotchmen, in general, for the amiable 
 light in which the Duke of Argyll was represented — 
 that Argyll celebrated by Pope as 
 
 ** The slate's whole thunder born to wield, 
 And shake alike the Senate and the field ; "
 
 SCOTT. 103 
 
 and, of whom, though so long dead, Lowlanders, as 
 well as Highlanders, still cherished a proud and fond 
 recollection. While it is endeared to Englishmen and 
 Scotchmen alike, by the sympathy so skilfully excited 
 by the weakness and perils of one sister, the unswerving 
 truthfulness and courage (for which heroism would not be 
 too strong a word) of the other, — a picture of virtues, 
 which leads many readers, especially those of the softer 
 sex, to place it in the very front rank as one of the most 
 interesting of all the stories which ever proceeded from 
 the author's pen. 
 
 Nothing in literary history is more extraordinary than 
 that, though the works with which Scott was delighting the 
 world were by themselves sufficient to occupy the entire 
 time, and engross the whole attention, of ordinary writers, 
 they were but a portion of his work. A list of his- 
 writings, which Mr. Lockhart gives in an "Appendix to 
 his Memoirs," enumerates no fewer than ten other com- 
 positions belonging to this year, elaborate reviews, 
 ballads, and one series of essays on the provincial 
 antiquities of Scotland, which, though no doubt a 
 labour of love, must have made a serious demand on 
 his leisure. And all this was undertaken in spite of the 
 frequent recurrence of the illness of the preceding 
 year, which more than once disabled him from the 
 performance of the duties of his legal office ; and even 
 on one occasion brought him, in his own opinion, so 
 near death's door, that in his agony he called his children 
 round his bed, and took leave of them as a dying man, 
 seasoning his farewell with affectionate advice, — his 
 own rule of life being not the least practically valuable
 
 104 LIFE OF 
 
 of his admonitions, when he said that he was uncon- 
 scious of ever having done "any man an injury, or 
 omitted any fair opportunity of doing any man a benefit," 
 such being the best guide for their own conduct that any 
 father could leave his children, and one that they might 
 well cherish as their best and proudest legacy. 
 
 Another of his "refreshments," in 1818, was a second 
 " labour of love," akin to that which has been men- 
 tioned above. His earnest solicitation had induced 
 the Prince Regent to issue a commission to search for 
 the Regalia of Scotland, which, in spite of a clause in 
 the Treaty of Union, strictly forbidding their removal, 
 were commonly understood to have been transferred to 
 the Tower of London, though the chest in which they 
 had certainly at one time been kept was still at 
 Holyrood. Indeed a crown had been shown to Scott 
 himself in the jewel-room of the Tower, which was stated 
 by the keeper of the room to be the identical crown 
 which had been placed at Scone on the head of the 
 great Bruce, and worn by all his descendants till the 
 sixth James quitted his native land to receive the still 
 nobler crown of England. The Duke of Buccleuch was 
 the President of the Commission, but Scott was the 
 working member. The keys of the chest had long been 
 lost, but the Regent's warrant authorised the breaking 
 open of the lid, though so stout was its double cover of 
 oak and iron, that it was no easy or speedy task. At 
 last, however, it was accomplished, and to Scott's great 
 joy the regalia were found in all their completeness. 
 
 In June, 181 9, exactly a year after the second series 
 of " The Tales of my Landlord," a third was completed,
 
 SCOTT. 105 
 
 containing two stories of the most opposite character, 
 but both of an excellence calculated in no degree to 
 lower his fame, but rather to enhance it, if by this time 
 it had admitted of any increase, by the fertility and 
 variety of genius displayed in dealing with subjects so 
 widely different in character. " The Bride of Lammer- 
 moor " is a tragedy of the deepest pathos, founded on 
 an event which had really occurred in the family of 
 Dalrymple. " The Legend of Montrose " is a sketch of 
 the great marquis, who so long and gallantly upheld the 
 royal cause in his native land, and whose victory over 
 Argyll, at Inverlochy, crowns the story. Yet, deservedly 
 dear as is the hero's memory to all Scots worthy of the 
 name, and admirable as are the discrimination and fire 
 with which he is presented, it is not the portrait of the 
 commander which most engrosses the attention, but 
 rather that of the officer whom he enlists in the king's 
 service, the inimitable Dalgetty. The major's previous 
 career, as he describes it to Lord Monteith, closely 
 resembles that of the cavalier whose imaginary memoirs 
 were the firstfruits of the invention of Defoe. But the 
 humour with which it is set forth is Scott's own, and 
 keeps the reader in an unbroken state of amused 
 delight, from the major's first explanation of why, at the 
 supper at Darlinvarach, " he eats so very fast and so 
 very long," his evasion of the offers to relieve him of 
 the partner of his campaigns, his gallant grey, his 
 suggestion to Sir Duncan to erect a sconce upon 
 Dramsnab, by which Ardenvohr is in some degree 
 "overcrowed" — from all these, to the "exquisite dex- 
 terity" with which, as "an accomplished cavalier," he
 
 106 LIFE OF 
 
 gives Argyll a lesson in the treatment due to " valiant 
 soldados " who may fall into his hands, and effects his 
 own escape from the Inverary dungeons. 
 
 Persons who desired to pose as patrons of literature 
 (for I do not think any scholar or author had ever 
 condescended to complain) had frequently expressed 
 surprise and dissatisfaction that literary genius was 
 overlooked in the distribution of honours, such as were 
 at times conferred on men of science. 1 The fact was 
 certain ; but the dispensers of those honours might, 
 perhaps, have pleaded as their excuse the difficulty in 
 late years of finding any literary man of sufficient merit 
 to justify such distinction. 2 But the Regent (for the act 
 seems to have been his own), as has been seen, had 
 conceived a strong personal regard for Scott, and felt 
 justly that his genius entitled him to be regarded as the 
 representative man of the literary body. To honour 
 him, therefore, was to honour literature in his person; 
 and with this feeling the Prince proposed to the Prime 
 Minister, Lord Liverpool, that an offer of a baronetcy 
 should be made to him, and the proposal was warmly 
 agreed to. Had the offer come at an earlier date, Scott 
 would have been inclined to doubt whether his means 
 were such as would have justified his acceptance of it. 
 But his novels were now producing him a steady income 
 of ;£io,ooo a year, and, as he was still in the prime of 
 life, he made no doubt of being able to find fresh 
 
 ' Sir W. Ilcrschell and Sir II. Davy had been made baronets in 
 this reign. 
 
 2 Gibbon and Hume had given too much room to objection, on 
 the score of the scepticism which taints their otherwise great works.
 
 SCOTT. 107 
 
 subjects for his invention for many years. He had also 
 lately received intelligence of the death of his brother- 
 in-law, who had for many years held a lucrative 
 appointment in India, and who had left the reversion 
 of his property, after the death of his widow, to his 
 nephews and nieces at Abbotsford. He, therefore, 
 might now fairly think that such obstacles as might 
 have existed a few years before had passed away. 
 And, though, as he wrote to his friend Morritt, on 
 the 7th of December, 1S18, "he would not have gone 
 a step out of his way to have asked, or bought, or 
 begged, or borrowed a distinction, which, personally, 
 would rather be inconvenient to him than otherwise, yet, 
 coming as it did directly from the source of all feudal 
 honours, and, as an honour, he was really gratified by 
 it. He anticipated the jest, ' I like not such grinning 
 honour as Sir Walter hath ' ; z but after . all, ' if one 
 must speak for themselves,' 2 he had his quarters and 
 emblazonments free of all stain but Border theft and 
 high treason, which, he hoped, were gentlemanlike 
 crimes, 3 and he hoped ' Sir Walter Scott ' would not 
 sound worse than 'Sir Humphry Davy,' though his own 
 merits were as much under the latter's in point of 
 utility, as could well be imagined. But a name is 
 something, and his own was the better of the two." 
 
 ' Shakespeare, " Henry IV.," part i. v. 2. 
 
 9 A singular piece of English. 
 Die Vernon had expressed the same opinion to Frank 
 Osbaldeston : — 
 
 " 'And so it is high treason then, and not simple robbery, of 
 which I am accused.' 
 
 " 'Certainly ; which, you know, has been in all ages accounted 
 the crime of a gentleman ' " (" Rob Roy," c. vii.).
 
 108 LIFE OF 
 
 Up to this time Scotland had been the scene of all 
 his novels ; but he was now about to take a wider range, 
 and to attempt a description of the great feudal hero, 
 Richard I., 'and of the condition of England in his 
 time. The adoption of such a subject was dictated 
 by prudential reasons, which are explained in the 
 preface to " Ivanhoe," the title fixed on for the new 
 work. Great as had been the popularity of the novels 
 hitherto published, it was plain, he conceived, that 
 frequent publication must finally wear out the public 
 favour, unless some mode could be devised to give 
 an appearance of novelty to subsequent productions. 
 Nothing could be more dangerous for the fame of a pro- 
 fessor of the fine arts than to permit (if he can possibly 
 prevent it) the character of a mannerist to be attached 
 to him, or that he should be supposed capable of success 
 only in a particular and limited style ; he felt also that, 
 in confining himself to subjects purely Scottish, he was 
 not only likely to wear out the patience of his readers, 
 but also greatly to limit his own power of affording them 
 pleasure. 
 
 No one is likely to dispute a train of reasoning which 
 
 bore so splendid a fruit. The name, he tells us, was 
 
 " suited to his purpose, first, because it had an ancient 
 
 English sound," * and secondly because it conveyed no 
 
 1 An old rhyme recorded the names of three Manors as forfeited 
 by an ancestor of Hampden, for striking the Black Prince a blow 
 with his racket, on a quarrel in the tennis court. 
 " Wing, Tring, and Ivanhoe 
 For striking of a blow, 
 Hampden did forego 
 And glad he could escape so." 
 
 Preface to Ivanhoe.
 
 SCOTT. 109 
 
 indication whatever of the nature of the story ; a quality 
 which he presumed to think of no small importance to 
 the author, with whose interests those of the publisher 
 are in this instance at variance, the latter preferring a 
 taking title as calculated to further his object of an early 
 and quick sale ; while " whatever raises high expecta- 
 tions of a work before its appearance is disadvantageous 
 to the former (the writer), if the execution of the work 
 is thought inferior to the expectation thus raised of its 
 excellence." 
 
 "Ivanhoe," however, is a tale which had nothing of 
 this kind to fear, since no anticipation could surpass, 
 nor even equal, the universal admiration that it excited. 
 I will not go so far as to say that it is the best of all 
 the novels, though that praise has often been bestowed 
 upon it, because it seems imprudent, and not wholly free 
 from the imputation of arrogance, to pronounce a judge- 
 ment which, as it were, claims an authority to dictate 
 to all the world on what must after all be a matter of 
 taste. But there can be no presumption in asserting that 
 it stands high even among Scott's master-pieces. From 
 the preface we learn that, among the reasons which had 
 influenced him in adopting the reign of Richard I. for 
 the period of his narrative, one was that it abounded 
 with characters whose very names were sure to attract 
 general attention, and another, that it afforded a 
 " striking contrast between the Saxons by whom the 
 soil was cultivated, and the Normans, who still reigned 
 in it as conquerors, reluctant to mix with the vanquished, 
 or to acknowledge themselves of the same stock." 
 And it is not going too far to say that he has availed
 
 110 LIFE OF 
 
 himself with something more than mere artistic skill, 
 with the most brilliant genius, of both these advantages. 
 Richard himself is indeed the only character known to 
 real history, so that his name was calculated to attract 
 general attention ; but Robin Hood and Friar Tuck 
 also play such active parts in many of the old ballads, 
 that they may be looked on as having at least a semi- 
 historical character. And the contrast between the 
 haughty Norman and the Saxon not less unbending, 
 though with a different pride, is worked out with great 
 skill and consistency ; as is a second contrast, not men- 
 tioned in his enumeration of advantages, that between 
 the Jew and the Christian of either race ; and on this the 
 attention is attracted and rivetted by one of the noblest 
 of his female portraits, the grateful, generous, and every- 
 way high-minded Rebecca. 
 
 Of the power with which the other leading characters 
 are drawn, and the most striking incidents described, 
 a time will come to speak when we compare the 
 poems and novels together. But, high as " Ivanhoe " 
 was placed by universal acclamation, complete justice to 
 the author could not be done by the general public, who 
 were not aware that the two years in which that and 
 its predecessors, "The Bride of Lammermoor " and "The 
 Legend of Montrose," were composed, were years of 
 severe and almost uninterrupted suffering. For months 
 Scott was unable to hold a pen, and was forced to em- 
 ploy an amanuensis to take down the chapters from his 
 dictation, a process which most authors would find a 
 great dragchain on their invention. Often he was con- 
 fined to his bed, and even in that place of rest was
 
 SCOTT. Ill 
 
 attacked with paroxysms of such violence as to be 
 unable to proceed, while his scribes, thus reduced to 
 inaction, sat silent and marvelling at the grace and 
 vigour of his thoughts and language, which no pain 
 seemed able long to subdue. It would probably be 
 difficult in the entire history of genius to find another 
 such instance of the supremacy of the mind over the 
 body. 
 
 Nor were these admirable tales the only objects for 
 which he nerved himself to exertions almost inconceiv- 
 able in his state of health. A variety of causes, a depres- 
 sion of trade and consequent distress of the working 
 classes being the most influential, had led not only to 
 wide discontent, but to violent demonstrations of it in 
 many of the Northern Counties. A formidable riot at 
 Manchester had not been quelled without a lamentable 
 loss of life; and in the latter part of 1819 serious fears 
 were entertained that the colliers of Northumberland 
 might unite with the weavers of Paisley and Glasgow 
 in some outbreak of a similar character. In Scott's mind 
 the call of duty to his country was at all times paramount 
 to every other consideration, and no duty ever was held 
 by him to be equally imperative with that of the main- 
 tenance of law and order. Ill as he was, he set himself 
 to work to organise a company of sharp-shooters for the 
 defence of the district, prepared, though still unable to 
 hold a pen, to march at their head in case of emergency. 
 As is often the case, the knowledge of the preparations 
 to resist violence rendered them apparently unnecessary. 
 Tranquillity was preserved. But that in such a state of 
 health he should have made such exertions, and have
 
 112 LIFE OF SCOTT. 
 
 been ready to make more, affords an additional instance 
 of Scott's indomitable resolution and strength of mind, 
 under the most discouraging circumstances. And some 
 of his arrangements for the organisation of the force are 
 not without interest at the present day, in so many 
 particulars do they foreshadow those of the noble army 
 of volunteers, whose efficiency, if ever hostile invasion 
 should render their services necessary, would prove one 
 great defence of the kingdom, as the feeling of loyalty 
 to which the force not only owes its origin, but which, 
 still more admirably, brings it around its standards in 
 yearly increasing numbers, is an honour to the whole 
 nation. 
 
 In a letter to his steward, to whose care he was forced 
 to entrust the carrying out of many of the details, he tells 
 him, " the dress is to be as simple, and, at the same time, 
 as serviceable as possible. A jacket and trousers of 
 Galashiels grey cloth ; and a smart bonnet with a small 
 feather, or, to save even that expense, a sprig of holly. 
 And we will have shooting at the mark, and prizes, and 
 fun, and a little whiskey." In these instructions we 
 might fancy we were reading a description of the uniforms 
 yearly to be seen at Wimbledon, and of the competition 
 for prizes ; though, with all his powers of imagination, 
 even Scott had never pictured to himself the unerring 
 skill, aided by greatly improved weapons, with which 
 bullet after bullet is sent at the target from distances 
 till recently thought out of the reach of the largest 
 cannon.
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 IT is curious that, in spite of the reasons which, in the 
 preface to " Ivanhoe," Scott had alleged for the selec- 
 tion of scenes and events out of Scotland, and of the 
 approval of them unmistakably manifested by readers of 
 all classes, in his next two works he should have returned 
 to Scotland. The second, " The Abbot," is a sequel to 
 the first, so far that the youth who in the first, "The Monas- 
 tery," raises himself from the rank of a peasant to that of 
 a knight and to be the husband of an heiress of noble 
 birth, is also to a certain extent a prominent character in 
 the second, his more peaceful brother being, moreover, 
 "The Abbot," who gives it its title. It may be that 
 in " The Monastery," a tale of pure invention, Scott pro- 
 posed to avoid the imputation of " mannerism " by a re- 
 course to the supernatural world, in the introduction of 
 " the White Lady," and, to a different style of speech 
 in " the Euphuist " ; but, in the opinion of Mr. Lock- 
 hart, of which Scott himself subsequently admitted 
 the correctness, neither novelty was much relished, 
 and the combination contributed to the compara- 
 tive coldness with which the tale was received. It 
 was admitted that the picture of the White Lady was 
 
 8
 
 114 LIFE OF 
 
 poetical in its conception, but the idea of spirits influenc- 
 ing the fortunes of a race or family was not familiar to 
 the English mind. It was also objected that her appear- 
 ances were too frequent, and that some of the modes in 
 which she exerted her influence savoured of the tricks 
 of a conjuror rather than of the dignified proceedings 
 of a supernatural being. The romantic language of 
 euphuism also, though, even in so grave a drama as 
 Hamlet, 1 Shakespeare had condescended to adopt it, 
 when it fell in with the humour of the day, had long 
 been forgotten ; and was generally regarded as an incon- 
 gruous absurdity. Lockhart, indeed, whose critical judge- 
 ment is commonly biassed a good deal by his feelings of 
 nationality, expresses a belief that the exquisite descrip- 
 tions of woodland scenery, and the sterling Scotch 
 characters and manners, will ultimately secure it greater 
 favour. He might have added, the judgement and 
 historical truth displayed in the delineation of Murray's 
 character, and of the difficulties by which as Regent he was 
 beset, not more from the grasping turbulence of Barons 
 like Morton, than from the manoeuvres, intrigues, and in- 
 consistencies of Elizabeth, " a sovereign as moody and 
 as fickle as her humorous ladyship [Dame Fortune] 
 herself." But his prediction has not been fulfilled ; the 
 merits which he finds in it have probably not been denied 
 in any quarter ; but the very popularity of its predecessors, 
 whose excellence was the standard by which it was 
 
 ' Osric's fine language seems evidently meant for a modified 
 euphuism, though Don Armado, in "Love's Labour's Lost," is the 
 example referred to by Scott in his preface to " The Monastery" in 
 the collected edition.
 
 SCOTT. 115 
 
 measured, injured it, and certainly it has never held the 
 same place in the general estimation as is occupied by 
 them. 
 
 But Scott was justly too confident in his powers to be 
 discouraged by finding that in a single instance he had 
 failed to hit the public taste. And, before the end of the 
 year, " The Abbot," which, as has been mentioned before, 
 was, to a certain extent, a sequel to "The Monastery," 
 was universally accepted as a proof that his powers had 
 su.'ered no diminution. The subject is the imprisonment 
 of the beautiful but most unfortunate Mary in the castle 
 of Lochleven, her romantic escape from it, and the almost 
 instant overthrow of all the hopes she had built on that 
 escape by the crushing defeat of Langside. The story 
 is full of stirring incidents, the visit of the fierce Barons 
 to extort the Queen's signature to the deed of abdi- 
 cation, the escape from Lochleven, the fatal battle. 
 All are told with the author's characteristic anima- 
 tion. But the great beauty of the work is the por- 
 trait of Mary herself, and the considerate grace which 
 distinguishes her under every vicissitude of fortune, and 
 abundantly explains the empire she established over all 
 hearts which were not steeled by religious fanaticism, 
 and of her queenly courage, worthy of her royal race. 
 While the union of lively wit with enthusiastic loyalty, and 
 that unswerving courage which inspires all who approach 
 the possessor with similar feelings, are set forth in all 
 their attractiveness in Catherine Seyton, a high-born 
 damsel, not unworthy to match with Die Vernon, and 
 well deserving her place in the favour of her royal mistress. 
 Scott was always of opinion that his best things were
 
 110 LIFE OF 
 
 those which he threw off the most easily and swiftly ; 
 and the idea may be thought to be supported by " Kenil- 
 worth," which was published within four months of " The 
 Abbot." The author has told us, in the preface subse- 
 quently prefixed to it in the collected edition of his works, 
 that the subject was suggested by that of its predecessor, 
 since the success with which he was considered to have 
 presented the character of the beauteous Scottish queen, 
 " naturally induced him to attempt something similar 
 respecting ' her sister and her foe,' the celebrated Eliza- 
 beth." We are therefore bidden to regard them as 
 designedly companion pictures ; and in one respect it 
 may be said that Elizabeth is, from the outset, placed in 
 the more disadvantageous light, since the chief incidents 
 in the tale relate to one of the most discreditable passages 
 in her career, her infatuated passion for one of the most 
 worthless of her subjects, the every way contemptible 
 Leicester. And the manner in which Scott has dealt 
 with it brings to light a difference between the mode of 
 dealing with historical subjects adopted by him and by his 
 only superior in that class of composition, Shakespeare. 
 The satisfaction which the great delineator of Henry V. 
 and Richard III. gave the Duke of Marlborough, as an 
 authority on history, was not shared by Die Vernon, who 
 complained that bis Lancastrian partialities, and a certain 
 knack of embodying them, had turned history upside 
 down, or rather inside out. She herself would hardly 
 have claimed to bean impartial critic; and it would prob- 
 ably not be difficult to show that, wherever Shakespeare'^ 
 representations are inconsistent with the more accurate 
 knowledge which the researches of modern historians
 
 SCOTT. 117 
 
 have opened to us, his mistakes, such as they are, were 
 caused by a reliance on ancient chronicles or traditions 
 which he accepted as authentic. 
 
 But Scott evidently considered that the class of com- 
 position which he adopted, and the object which he partly 
 proposed to himself, permitted him a license which the 
 great dramatist forbore to claim. He did not, indeed, 
 when dealing with historical events or persons, disregard 
 the duty of giving a lively and faithful picture of the 
 manners of the time, any neglect of which must mar the 
 interest of his story ; but even before that he placed the 
 object of giving a correct and vivid idea of the character 
 of the person principally concerned. And, if that aim 
 could be more effectually attained by combining together 
 transactions which in reality were separated by an interval 
 of several years, he did not scruple to heighten the 
 interest of his tale by such an expedient. Accordingly, 
 he here places the murder of Amy Robsart in the same 
 year with Leicester's magnificent revel at Kenilworth in 
 Elizabeth's honour, though, in fact, the unhappy victim 
 of Leicester's falsehood and ambition had long been in 
 her grave ; just as afterwards, in " Peveril of the Peak," he 
 connects Lady Derby with the Popish plot, though she also 
 had been dead many years, and was no Roman Catholic, 
 but a member of one of the most distinguished Huguenot 
 families in France. But, if we only allow the validity of his 
 reasons for this departure from historical truth, it cannot 
 be denied that he has made good use of the license ; and 
 has produced in "Kenilworth" a deeply interesting story, 
 more interesting probably by far than if he had bound 
 down his genius to a strict regard to dates. In its main
 
 118 LIFE OF 
 
 features " Kenilworth " is a tale of treachery and crime. 
 It may be compared to " Othello," both in its tragical 
 end, the murder of the foully slandered innocent wife ; 
 in the motive which led to the perpetration of the crime, 
 jealousy; and in the vile arts employed to excite that 
 feeling in the breast of the too easily deluded husband. 
 Both Scott and Shakespeare had too correct an insight 
 into human nature not to recognise the important truth 
 that there are few, even among the worst men, who have 
 not some redeeming quality. And a great critic has 
 adduced in proof of Shakespeare's adherence to this 
 doctrine, that in all his plays Iago is the only character of 
 unalloyed wickedness ; of depravity unbalanced by a 
 single good quality. Varney is Scott's Iago, his task 
 being indeed the easier, as he has a less noble disposi- 
 tion to work upon, inasmuch as Leicester's jealousy is 
 stimulated by unprincipled ambition, if indeed the latter 
 was not the more powerful motive of the two. And it is 
 the utter vileness of Leicester which, in some degree, 
 deprives the novel of the interest inspired by the drama. 
 For, without disparaging for a moment the magnificence 
 of the Venetian tragedy, deservedly reckoned among the 
 masterpieces of its author, the skill with which the whole 
 of Amy's story is worked up ; her first exulting admiration 
 of her husband in his " glorious garb ; " her proud com- 
 parison of his worth and greatness with Tressilian's " best 
 deeds in peace and war, and obscure rank ; " her indignant 
 reproof of the latter's " base, unmannered tongue " when 
 he presumes to put a "question which derogates from 
 her honour " ; so sadly followed by her subsequent trials, 
 her not ill-founded fears of poison, her flight to Kenil-
 
 SCOTT. 119 
 
 worth, her agonies of suspense, only terminated by 
 her miserable death, — all these may fitly place the 
 story by the side of the tale of the fate of Desde- 
 mona, fearing no evil till brought face to face with her 
 doom, so suddenly announced and executed by her 
 almost equally unhappy husband. It may be added 
 that our pity for Amy is augmented by the repeated 
 instances of her husband's baseness ; of his plots for the 
 assassination of Sussex ; and his cowardly denial of his 
 wife before Elizabeth. While the pathos is heightened 
 by the introduction of scenes of comic humour, in 
 which Wayland and Flibbertigibbet are the actors, and 
 which are peculiarly appropriate to the moment, when 
 all England was brought up to a pitch of unprecedented 
 excitement by the approaching festivities.
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 IN his next novel, " The Pirate," Scott may be almost 
 said to have broken wholly new ground. The scene 
 is laid in the Orkneys, and though, in geographical dic- 
 tionaries and Acts of Parliament, these islands are classed 
 as a part of Scotland, the manners, and even the super- 
 stitions, are so wholly different from those of the Scotch 
 on the mainland, that the author might reasonably flatter 
 himself that his work would have some of the attraction 
 derived from novelty. He had conceived the idea of 
 making them the scene of some future work when, seven or 
 eight years before, he had touched on some of the larger 
 islands on his way to the Hebrides. And certain docu- 
 ments relating to the exploits and eventual capture of a 
 pirate captain in the early part of the last century, which 
 had lately fallen into his hands, confirmed him in his 
 design. None of his other works, except " The Heart of 
 Midlothian," had so much foundation in fact ; a cir- 
 cumstance which seems worthy of notice, as in some sort 
 affording a corroboration of the old adage that truth is 
 often stranger than fiction. Cleveland, the pirate captain 
 of the novel, is the " alias " of John Gow, a well-known 
 pirate, who long infested those northern waters, and, in
 
 LIFE OF SCOTT. 121 
 
 spite of the audacious lawlessness of his life, captivated the 
 affections of a young Zetland lady of family and property, 
 who remained faithful to his memory even after his exe- 
 cution. Cleveland's mistress had a less painful reason to 
 dwell on his career and fate. And the interest of their 
 love tale is skilfully heightened by the introduction of a 
 second heroine, the sister of her who was too successfully 
 wooed, the two reminding us in some degree of Isabel 
 and Edith in "The Lord of the Isles." In a previous 
 chapter attention has been invited to the exquisite delicacy 
 exhibited by Scott in the drawing of his female portraits ; 
 and it is in few instances more conspicuous than in his pic- 
 tures of these sisters, contrasted in outward features as well 
 as in disposition ; both highly gifted with charms of mind 
 as well as of person ; the stately dark-eyed Minna, who, 
 in her " serious cast of beauty, her graceful ease of motion, 
 the music of her voice, and the serene purity of her eye, 
 seemed to indicate that she belonged naturally to some 
 higher and better sphere ; " while the " scarcely less 
 beautiful, equally lovely, and equally innocent Brenda, 
 with her profusion of golden locks, her innocent vivacity, 
 her eye that seemed to look on every object with pleasure, 
 from a natural and serene cheerfulness of disposition, 
 attracted even more general admiration than the charms 
 of her sister, though perhaps that which Minna did 
 excite might be of a more intense as well as a more 
 reverential character." In one essential point they were 
 alike ; they were warmly and equally attached to one an- 
 other and to their father. Thus they presented a pair, either 
 of whom might well prove irresistible to a sailor, whose 
 profession afforded him but few opportunities of enjoying
 
 122 LIFE OF 
 
 female society \ though it was not unnatural that it was 
 Minna to whom he was most strongly attracted. And a 
 further contrast is afforded by the introduction of Noma, 
 an aged dame, half-crazed with recollections of ancient 
 griefs, and mingling with her delusions a superstitious 
 belief in her supernatural powers, selling " fair winds" to 
 mariners who could pay for them ; and not infrequently 
 claiming to guide the sisters (whose aunt she is, though 
 they are ignorant of the relationship) in the path of 
 prudence, by her insight into futurity. 
 
 The story is told in all its parts with great liveliness 
 and power, though a rigorous critic might perhaps object 
 that the discovery of Noma's relation to Cleveland, just 
 at the moment when, as she conceived, she has secured 
 his execution, is somewhat too melodramatic to be 
 suitable to fiction of a class that aspires to a permanently- 
 high place in literature. It contains also some of the 
 sweetest songs that ever the author's Muse inspired; 
 and, if, as is probably the case, it was, and is, less ad- 
 mired than some of the others, the failure to meet with 
 equal approval may be attributed to the difficulty of in- 
 teresting readers in general in a tale relating to a petty 
 little-known region, and to a people, who, however estim- 
 able for private virtues, and a somewhat primitive sim- 
 plicity of life, have no present importance to boast of, nor 
 traditional glories with which to appeal to the memory or 
 imagination of more civilised readers. 
 
 In " The Fortunes of Nigel," which came out in the 
 beginning of the following year, if Scott did not return to 
 Scotland for his field of action, he took Scotchmen for all 
 the more prominent personages, presenting them to us
 
 SCOTT. 123 
 
 with a variety of character not surpassed in any other 
 work. We have a king ; a stout old earl of the old school ; 
 his rascally heir of the newer mode \ another Scotch peer, 
 in spite of his natural caution, the dupe, and nearly the 
 victim of the heir's treachery; a splenetic knight; an honest 
 goldsmith, whose liberal and judicious charity to this day 
 preserves his name in the grateful memory of his native 
 city ; a page, as eccentric in his notion of his duty as in his 
 appearance, but faithfully devoted to his master's interests, 
 often severely straining his Presbyterian scruples, but, even 
 in his very lies, having no object but his master's interest 
 or his country's credit-^of all Scott's serving-men the most 
 vigorously drawn and the most amusing ; three of the 
 softer sex, one whose noble birth might have been ex- 
 pected to prove a sufficient preservation from the villainous 
 designs which were too successfully practised against her ; 
 another, an impulsive sentimental maiden of lower birth, 
 to whose singular advancement the other personages, 
 from the king downwards, unite in contributing. And 
 in the portrait of James the novelist must be admitted to 
 have adhered to historical truth as closely as Shakespeare 
 himself, so fully are the king's timidity, pedantry, favouri- 
 tism, and propensity to mirth and practical jokes, not 
 always consistent either with delicacy or his royal dignity, 
 borne out by the testimony of all grave historians. While, 
 if the scenes in which we meet these noble persons give us 
 an insight into the high life of the period, those in Alsatia 
 still more surely lift the curtain from the very lowest, and 
 create a feeling of wonder how such a harbour for every 
 sort of rogue and ruffian could have been permitted so long 
 to set all decency and law at defiance in the very heart of
 
 124 LIFE OF 
 
 the greatest city in the world. It is no wonder that a tale 
 so powerfully and attractively told was, from its first 
 appearance, regarded as among the most brilliant of the 
 author's performances, or that it retains its popularity 
 undiminished to the present day. 
 
 " The Fortunes of Nigel " had scarcely been launched, 
 when it was followed by what, from one point of view, 
 may be called a holiday for the author, though in reality 
 it brought him no rest from, but only a change of work so 
 engrossing as for the next three months to leave him no 
 leisure for any other pursuits. House improving, plant- 
 ing, sport, and composition, were all for the time laid 
 aside, while his every thought was devoted to the arrange- 
 ments for the reception of the first Sovereign who had 
 visited Scotland since the Revolution. In 182 1 business 
 had taken him to London, where his society had again 
 been sought with as great eagerness as ever ; and as much 
 by the leaders of fashion and magnates of the land as by 
 men of literature and science, in whom the town was at 
 that time particularly rich. Entertainments of all kinds 
 were got up in his honour, till, as he wrote to his son, 
 who had lately received a commission in the 18th Hussars, 
 he longed to be at home, "at Abbotsford again, being 
 heartily tired of fine company and fine living, from dukes 
 and duchesses down to turbot and plovers' eggs. It is 
 very well," he said, " for a while, but to be kept at it 
 makes one feel like a poodle dog, compelled to stand for 
 ever on his hind legs." One sight, however, made him 
 amends for much of the danger to his digestion threatened 
 by the plovers' eggs and their accompaniments. The 
 coronation took place in the latter part of July. As a
 
 SCOTT. 125 
 
 mere spectacle it was sufficiently imposing ; " throwing 
 into the shade," as he described it to a Scotch newspaper, 
 " all scenes of similar magnificence from the Field of the 
 Cloth of Gold down to the present day " ; but, even had it 
 been less unrivalled in its sumptuousness, it would have 
 commended itself to his sentiments of enthusiastic loyalty 
 from the feeling of " deep veneration, without which it 
 was impossible to behold the voluntary and solemn inter- 
 change of vows betwixt the king and his assembled people ; 
 whilst he, on the one hand, called God Almighty to witness 
 his resolution to maintain their laws and privileges ; whilst 
 they called, at the same moment, on the Divine Being to 
 bear witness that they accepted him for their liege Sovereign, 
 and pledged to him their love and duty." The king him- 
 self " when presiding at the banquet, amid the long line of 
 his nobles, looked ' every inch a king ; ' and nothing could 
 exceed the grace with which he accepted and returned 
 their various acts of homage rendered to him in the course 
 of that long day." 
 
 The king's grace in what may be called private society 
 had not been affected by his more elevated rank. He had 
 neither found any bard to supplant the " Poet of Princes " 
 in his estimation, nor, it may be surmised, had he forgotten 
 the triumph he had achieved when Regent, by " check- 
 mating " the author of " Marmion." Scott had more than 
 one interview with him, and on one occasion found an 
 opportunity of expressing the deep gratification it would be 
 to Scotland, which might share with England the honour 
 of being considered the cradle of his royal house, if he 
 would honour that part of his dominions with a visit. 
 His Majesty had already promised to cross over to Ire-
 
 12(3 LIFE OF 
 
 land that summer, where indeed he treated his hosts with 
 no little of their blarney, with a success that provoked 
 the indignation of Byron, who at this time was connect- 
 ing himself so closely with the discontented party in Italy, 
 that he was inclined to look on all the proceedings of 
 royalty with more than usual disfavour 1 — all alike, from 
 O'Connell down to the spalpeen who paid the king's turn- 
 pike for him, making the air ring with their cheers on every 
 occasion. And it seemed only fair that the Scotch should 
 have a similar opportunity of testifying their loyalty. 
 Good sense and good humour, fortified by the real regard 
 which George IV. seems to have entertained for his 
 petitioner, led the king to consent, and to promise a 
 visit to Edinburgh in 1822. August was to be the time, 
 and during the preceding months the whole country was 
 in a fever of loyal expectation and preparation. But, if 
 the people had the pleasure of the excitement, the whole 
 burden of the work to be done in the arrangements for 
 the sovereign's reception fell upon Scott. There was of 
 course a committee, but, in fact, he was the committee. 
 One day he was called upon to settle the order in which 
 the clans had stood at Bannockburn against the King of 
 England, five hundred years before, as the precedent to be 
 followed in marshalling them now when they were all, (as 
 Wildrake was hereafter to say) " one man's bairns." At 
 another time he was called in to devise a motto for a 
 
 1 " Wear Fir.gal his trappings, O'Connell proclaim 
 
 His accomplishments, his ! and thy country convince 
 Half an age's abuse was an error of fame, 
 And that Hal is 'the rascalliest sweetest young Prince.'" 
 
 BYRON, The Irish Avatar.
 
 SCOTT. 127 
 
 silver St. Andrew's cross, to be presented to His Majesty 
 as the offering of the ladies of Scotland. It was his task 
 to write songs for the banquets, and ballads for the street 
 singers. And it happened that, as on the arrival of the royal 
 yacht in Leith Roads the weather was too foul to admit 
 of the king's landing till the next day, he was the first 
 person to welcome his sovereign to his northern kingdom, 
 having gone out in a boat to convey the St. Andrew's 
 cross, which was most graciously accepted. 
 
 It was, perhaps, an indirect compliment, as a proof of 
 the impression made on the royal memory by "Waverley" 
 and "The Lady of the Lake," that at the levee which the 
 king held in the old palace of Holyrood, he wore a 
 Highlander's garb of the Stuart tartan ; but it was a 
 designed and open one when, for his visit to the Edin- 
 burgh theatre, he commanded " Rob Roy," a play in 
 which Scott's friend Terry, the manager of one of the 
 London theatres, had dramatised the novel. 
 
 At the end of the month, the king returned to Windsor, 
 where he took pains to tell every one how pleased he had 
 been with all he had seen, deservedly attributing to " our 
 friend Scott " the credit of having made everything go 
 off so well. Scott, as was natural, was highly flattered by 
 Croker's report of the king's language : which was speedily 
 followed by a more solid gratification. The last of the 
 Stuarts was dead ; and it had occurred to Scott that it 
 would be a not unfitting recognition of the now universal 
 loyalty of all Scots, Highlanders as well as Lowlanders, 
 to the dynasty, if the attainders passed against those 
 who had suffered for their share in the '15 and the '45 
 were now reversed, and the titles restored. He himself
 
 129 LIFE OF 
 
 drafted the memorial to be presented by the representa- 
 tives of the then proscribed families. And when, with 
 as little delay as was consistent with necessary forms, 
 that petition was granted, by the royal recommendation 
 <o Parliament to pass an Act for the reversal, those whose 
 family honours were now restored vied with each other 
 in recognising the debt they owed to Scott for his exer- 
 tions in their favour, to which they in a great measure 
 attributed the success of their application. 
 
 The royal squadron had scarcely got clear of Leith 
 Harbour on its return to the south before he resumed his 
 work. He had already two novels on the stocks : " Peveril 
 of the Peak," and " Quentin Durward," to which a third, 
 " St. Ronan's Well," was soon added, all to be given to 
 the public before the end of the next year. But this 
 strain on his powers, though he does not seem to have 
 been conscious of it, had begun to tell on his health, and 
 in November, while " Peveril " was receiving his finishing 
 touches, he was arrested in his work for a while by an 
 attack which had too much of an apoplectic character not 
 to cause some uneasiness to his friends, and even to him- 
 self. For a moment too it brought on, what of all afflic- 
 tions was the most foreign to his natural temperament, a 
 painful depression of spirits : to which we may probably 
 attribute a fear he expressed that " 'Peveril' would smell 
 of the apoplexy." In my own opinion it certainly does 
 not : but we learn from Mr. Lockhart that it was sub- 
 jected to criticism somewhat less favourable than usual . 
 one objection, very generally taken, being that the part 
 attributed to Fenella was so unnatural as to be incredible; 
 another, that to spread a tale over so long a period as
 
 SCOTT. 129 
 
 twenty years was scarcely consistent with the unwritten 
 laws which ought to govern all fiction. There were even 
 some who thought that too many characters of greater 
 or less prominence were brought upon the scene. And, 
 finally, it was complained that the plot was unskilfully 
 framed. The first objection was in reality easy to be 
 refuted, though the refutation was never given till the 
 tale was republished in the collected edition of the entire 
 body of novels. For the pretended dumbness and deaf- 
 ness of Fenella only differed in the greater length of time 
 the imposture was kept up from a fraud actually practised 
 on Scott's own grandfather, one of whose servants kept up 
 for three or four years the pretence of labouring under 
 the same deprivation, till the commission of a petty theft 
 under her eyes threw her off her guard, and she screamed 
 out three or four words of angry reproof, much as Edith, 
 in the "Lord of the Isles," recovers her voice to bring back 
 the wavering Islesmen to a sense of their duty. Thelength 
 of time which elapses between the first and last scenes may 
 be justified by the example of Shakespeare in more than 
 one of his plays \ though, if such protraction of time be a 
 faulty violation of the rules of art, it must certainly be less 
 allowable in a drama, which is represented to the eyes of 
 the audience in two or three hours, than in a novel whose 
 perusal occupies many sittings. It had a precedent too 
 in "Guy Mannering," where a still longer period had 
 been allowed to elapse without any such objection being 
 raised in any quarter. It seemed as if the unparalleled 
 excellence of Scott's works had made his readers more 
 critical and exacting. That the winding up of the 
 tale by the marriage of Tulian and Alice is foreseen 
 
 9
 
 130 LIFE OF 
 
 from the beginning, if a fault, is one shared by so 
 many similar works that it ceases to be such. From 
 the first entrance of the characters it is seen that Waverley 
 is to marry Rose ; that Bertram is to become the husband 
 of Julia ; and Frank Osbaldeston of Die Vernon ; and, 
 again, to fortify our position by the example of Shakespeare, 
 that Benedict is to break his vow of living a bachelor in 
 favour of Beatrice, and that the loves of Orlando and 
 Rosalind, though conceived at "first sight," are to find 
 the fit recompense for their fidelity in their union. 
 
 If, however, we admit the correctness of the judgement 
 that finds some defects in the plot, the confession would 
 willingly have been made by the author himself. For 
 the plot was never the chief object in his eyes ; the object 
 of his chief study was rather the portrayal of character, 
 if the personages were real, and the consistency of cha- 
 racter if they were the creatures of imagination, and in both 
 these respects no deficiency can be found in " Peveril." 
 The loyal old knight, Sir Geoffrey ; the magnanimous 
 Lady Derby ; the clever but infamous Christian ; the 
 profligate, witty, but weak Buckingham ; the fanatic 
 Bridgenorth — all seem faultless alike in conception and in 
 execution. And, if any imperfection can be detected, it is 
 rather in the picture of the king, presented as a good- 
 humoured amiable voluptuary, entitled even to some 
 credit for contriving the acquittal of the Peverils, when, 
 in fact, his whole conduct with respect to the Popish 
 plot stamps him with undying infamy as one of the 
 most heartless of tyrants. 
 
 Whether the number of characters in either a novel or 
 a drama be excessive, must depend on the genius of the
 
 SCOTT. 131 
 
 artist. If they are so numerous that he is unable to 
 manage them, but fails to keep them distinct from each 
 other, or (still worse) makes them inconsistent with them- 
 selves, such an overestimate of his powers is undoubtedly 
 a fault. But, on the other hand, if the personages arc 
 amply diversified, and the character of each maintained 
 in harmonious keeping throughout the piece, any cavil at 
 their number seems captious, and we should rather praise 
 the author's skill than complain that he has contrived 
 such an opportunity for its display. 
 
 Vigour and vivacity were so inseparable from Scott's 
 nature that it is almost superfluous to point out the 
 various scenes in this novel in which they are con- 
 spicuously exerted : but in their way it would be hard 
 to surpass Sir Geoffrey's escort of Lady Derby to 
 Port Royal, with its humorous sequel in the expedient 
 with which he proposes to heal Bridgenorth's injured 
 honour, which, in Sir Jasper's view, " lies a bleeding " 
 ever since he was pulled out of his saddle at Hartley 
 Nick ; or the rescue of Julian from the clutches of Bridge- 
 north ; or, in a different kind, the graceful picture of the 
 Court, as Charles strolls through the rooms in easy fami- 
 liarity, " exchanging now a glance with a Court beauty, 
 now a jest with a Court wit, now beating time to the music, 
 and anon losing or winning a few pieces of gold in the 
 chance of the game to which he stood nearest,"' — every 
 person of every rank, king and flute-player, noble and 
 gaoler, gallant knight and perjured witness, proud countess 
 and coquettish waiting-woman, being drawn with equal 
 fidelity and spirit, as if the author revelled in the creation 
 of difficulties that he might display his genius in sur- 
 mounting them.
 
 132 LIFE OF 
 
 Eut if the criticisms on " Peveril " were less favourable 
 than those which had greeted most of his other works, 
 he did not see in that circumstance any such reason 
 for discouragement as should induce him to lay aside 
 his pen : it only seemed a hint to try a new field. As 
 he wrote to Eallantyne : 
 
 " The mouse who only trusts to one poor hole 
 Can never be a mouse of any soul." 
 
 And accordingly he crossed the Channel, and in 
 " Quentin Durward " broke wholly new ground, laying 
 the scene of action in a foreign country, taking foreign 
 princes and nobles for his chief characters, and, it may 
 therefore be said, inviting the verdict of foreign critics 
 equally with the judgement of his own countrymen. 
 His aim was so high as to render failure more 
 conspicuous, if failure there had been, and there was 
 apparently more risk of failure in this undertaking, since 
 he could have no personal knowledge of the manners 
 and feelings of Frenchmen in the present age, much 
 less in one so far removed as that of Louis XL He 
 was not unaware of the difficulties of the subject he had 
 chosen ; it has been pointed out before that, in treating 
 of characters prominent in real history, his chief object 
 was to give a correct idea of their character, and the 
 very difficulty of so portraying Louis seemed an addi- 
 tional reason for making the attempt, so great would be 
 the credit of succeeding. If he had been a dramatist, 
 " the character of Louis, the sagacious, superstitious, 
 jocular, and perfidious tyrant, would be for a historical
 
 SCOTT. 133 
 
 chronicle containing his life and death, one of the most 
 powerful ever brought on the stage." And, feeling thus 
 that he had a true insight into it, he resolved to try 
 whether he could not delineate it with equal effect in a 
 novel. It may be suspected that the introduction of 
 Charles the Bold was an after-thought, since, in making 
 provision for the work, it was Plcssis-les-Tours, not Dijon, 
 Peronne, or any Burgundian city or fortress, for informa- 
 tion about which he was anxious. But among the authori- 
 ties which he consulted for further lights on the king's 
 character were the " Memoirs " of De Comines : and, as 
 in them he found a full account of Louis's visit to 
 Peronne, he naturally saw how great and effective an 
 interest the contrast between the crafty and calculating 
 suzerain and his arrogant and- fiery vassal would add 
 to his work ; and he felt within himself a proud con- 
 sciousness of power to do his subject justice. The 
 greater the difficulty, the greater would be the glory of 
 success. The verdict of the French was given without 
 hesitation or ambiguity. A short time before, he had 
 received a singular proof that he had at least one reader 
 and admirer in the country, in a letter requesting the 
 honour of a present of a set of the novels, and ex- 
 pressing a hope that the writer might be allowed to 
 requite it with a gift of champagne. But now all Paris, 
 still the leader of French opinion, became his admirer. 
 As Lockhart describes the reception of the new novel 
 there, "the sensation which it created was extremely 
 similar to that which attended the original ' Waverley ' 
 in Edinburgh, and ' Ivanhoe ' afterwards in London." In 
 Germany "the feeling produced was nowise different;
 
 134 LIFE OF 
 
 "Germany had been fully awake to his merits years 
 before ; but the public there also felt their sympathies 
 appealed to with hitherto unmatched strength and 
 effect." 
 
 And now that the enthusiasm created by its first appear- 
 ance has subsided, and given room for calmer criticism, 
 it must be admitted that the admiration thus excited by 
 " Quentin Durward" was not undeserved. Scott could not, 
 indeed, on this occasion exercise what Byron had described 
 to the Regent as among his especial gifts, his power of 
 making " princes fascinating" : since it would be hard to 
 find any who have possessed fewer attractive qualities 
 than those he was here portraying. But no historian, not 
 De Comines himself, has set the two men more vividly 
 before us. We have Louis, crafty, cruel, unscrupulous, 
 and shameless, ever moving straight to the end he 
 proposed to himself, bearing any amount of contradic- 
 tion if, by apparent yielding, he could attain that end ; 
 so devoid of all sense of honour as to accept with 
 something more than acquiescence the Lady Isabelle's 
 indignant comment that, if indeed he had invited her 
 aunt and herself into France, it would have been hard 
 to reconcile his treatment of them there with the cha- 
 racter of a gentleman ; and equally indifferent to the 
 charges of downright falsehood which Charles's minister 
 does not conceal from him are in the Duke's power 
 to substantiate ; at the same time a slave to superstition 
 so abject, as to allow himself to be baffled in his projects 
 of revenge by the cunning threats of his astrologer, 
 though the Italian's own condition as a prisoner seemed 
 to prove him either incompetent or corrupt; yet combining
 
 SCOTT. 135 
 
 with these odious or contemptible qualities a coolness 
 and presence of mind amid the most imminent dangers, 
 to which it is impossible to refuse some degree of 
 respect ; and by which he eventually baffles Charles's 
 purposes of angry revenge as completely as Galeotti had 
 defeated his own. 
 
 On the opposite side we have Charles, the Achilles of 
 the day, 
 
 " Impiger, iracundus, inexorabilis, acer," 
 
 haughty, passionate, and implacable ; claiming to be 
 regarded as " the mirror of knighthood," the very glory of 
 chivalry ; yet so destitute of every feeling of a true 
 gentilhomme as to launch the foulest menaces against 
 a lady, if she dared for a moment to claim a right to 
 a voice in the disposal of her own hand ; vain of his 
 wealth, and parading his magnificence with a sumptuous 
 splendour and pomp, as yet unseen in any court of 
 Christendom ; aiming at transmuting his ducal coronet 
 into a kingly crown; while, at the same time, by his 
 treatment of Louis, he is, as it were, giving a lesson to 
 all Europe, that even kings enjoy no immunity from insult 
 and even personal violence. Apparently his character 
 had made a deep impression on Scott, since in a later 
 novel, we shall see that he again reproduces him with 
 even greater fulness. 
 
 The admiration these portraits excited may have been 
 in some degree enhanced in this country by the circum- 
 stance that Louis and Charles were less familiarly 
 known to us than Richard, or Mary, or Elizabeth; so 
 that there was greater novelty in their " presentment,"
 
 13G LIFE OF 
 
 which was felt to be hardly a " counterfeit." But it did 
 not need this additional attraction ; for it must be ac- 
 knowledged that none of our native princes had been 
 delineated with more powerful and lifelike truth than 
 these, not less strangely contrasted in their character 
 than in their ultimate fortunes : Louis accomplishing all 
 his objects, and leaving to his heirs an authority more 
 absolute and more secure than had been possessed by 
 the greatest of his predecessors ; and Charles, as will be 
 seen in "Anne of Geierstein," perishing ignobly in a 
 warfare madly provoked by his own arrogant violence, 
 and a victim to the basest treachery. 
 
 It was perhaps as another variety of "refreshment for 
 the machine" that, after this grand work, Scott surprised 
 his admirers by one of a wholly different class, a novel of 
 society. It may be that, to employ the not very new simile 
 of the elephant, who can beat down the gate of a castle 
 or pick up a pin, he desired to show that he for whom 
 princes and battles in the stricken field were not too 
 great, could shine equally in dealing with a lady's tea. 
 table. As a novel of society " St. Ronan's Well " cannot 
 be denied to stand high, perhaps the very highest in its 
 class ; for, till we come down to our own generation, 
 and to Thackeray's incomparable " Pendennis " and the 
 "Newcomes," it would be difficult to find any in which 
 the scenes of gossip, jealousy, and scandal, that make 
 up no little of the wearisome routine of life at a watering- 
 place, are enlivened with humour such as he gave the 
 world in the testy, domineering, meddlesome, benevolent 
 old Nabob, and that pattern of despotic landladies, 
 Meg Dodds. It is no slight testimony to the supc-
 
 SCOTT. 137 
 
 riority in this point of " St. Ronan's Well " over its 
 fellows of the same class, that, sixty years after its first 
 appearance, it is still from time to time republished. But 
 novels of society have never been reckoned works of a 
 high order ; and this will never be numbered among his 
 works of the first class. It is, however, worthy of remark 
 that he himself rated such works very highly ; and, with 
 his habitual modesty, seems to have regarded the ability 
 of other authors in this line as superior to his own. 
 Miss Austen's novels "describing the movements, feel- 
 ings, and characters of ordinary life " are extolled by 
 him in his private journal in the warmest terms. He 
 contrasts them with his own work as something of a 
 higher class, or at least of one in which it is more 
 difficult to attain perfection. " The Big Bowwow 
 strain," he says, " I can do myself like any man going ; 
 but the exquisite touch which renders ordinary common- 
 place things and characters interesting from the truth 
 of the sentiments is denied to me." And it may be that 
 " St. Ronan's Well " was an experiment whether such a 
 power was beyond his reach or not ; and that his never 
 repeating it was a practical confession that he was not 
 altogether satisfied with his performance. Few, how- 
 ever, will concur with him in this depreciation of his 
 powers ; and it is worth remarking that the great French 
 novelist, Balzac, pronounced "St. Ronan's Well" "the 
 most finished " of all his productions. By " the Big 
 Bowwow strain" Scott evidently means those tales in 
 which " fierce wars " and the deeds of princes " moral- 
 ised his song ; " many, however, of his works deal with 
 no such fiery deeds or dignified personages, but are as
 
 138 LIFE OF 
 
 completely occupied with the feelings and characters 
 of ordinary life as those of Miss Austen or the other 
 ladies, Miss Edgeworth and Miss Ferrier, whom 
 he proceeds to eulogise ; yet few will place " Guy 
 Mannering," "The Antiquary," or "The Heart of 
 Midlothian," below the very best of their perform- 
 ances. 
 
 " Redgauntlet," which followed "St. Ronan's Well" 
 in the summer of 1824, was generally regarded as hardly 
 equal to the other historical or semi-historical novels. 
 Not that many of the scenes were not drawn with all 
 his accustomed animation, or that the leading characters 
 were not painted with admirable life and consistency. 
 But it suffered by its inevitable comparison with 
 " Waverley." There Charles Edward had been pre- 
 sented to us, not only full of youthful spirit and enter- 
 prise, but for a time triumphant in victory, and equally 
 inspiring when holding his court in the palace of his 
 ancestors at Holyrood. The contrast between these 
 achievements, and his visit in disguise to Fairladies, 
 with his prudent flight at the warning of a single king's 
 officer was too humiliating for the mightiest genius to 
 overcome, and " Redgauntlet " was therefore commonly 
 placed in the second rank. In Lockhart's opinion, 
 however, it is in one respect fuller than many others of 
 interest to Scott's admirers, since " it contains, per- 
 haps, more of the author's personal experiences than any 
 other of the novels, or even than all the rest put to- 
 gether" — Saunders Fairford being recognised by those 
 who remembered him as no unfaithful portrait of Scott's 
 own father ; while Alan's experiences in the Law Courts,
 
 SCOTT. 189 
 
 and perhaps some of Darsie's ramblings, whether as 
 sportsman or a listener to Wandering Willie's anecdotes, 
 were in their general character drawn from the personal 
 recollections of his own early manhood.
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 SCOTT had now been for many years in the enjoy- 
 ment of an income of ;£ 10,000 a year from his 
 works alone, besides the emoluments of his office. The 
 modest cottage at Abbotsford had grown into a castle, 
 the hundred-acre farm into a domain. His position as a 
 man of wealth appeared secure, and not less so to himself 
 than to the rest of the world ; and it begot claims on 
 his hospitality which were too congenial to his disposition 
 not to be gladly listened to. Besides his inborn fondness 
 for society, it was natural that he should feel a pride in 
 showing his friends a home which was so wholly the 
 work of his own hands. On his first entrance into 
 possession, the prospect had been bleak and uninviting, 
 having, as he had described it in some of his letters, 
 nothing to recommend it but the river ; but the planta- 
 tions, which had been his earliest care, were already 
 taking off the appearance of newness, while as coverts 
 they were giving shelter to the game ; and he could 
 begin to calculate the time when they would have 
 arrived at the dignity of groves ; and, since timber 
 in that day commanded a high price, would furnish 
 profitable work for the woodman. But in these
 
 LIFE OF SCOTT. Ill 
 
 improvements the idea of profit was second to that of 
 beauty. He had a painter's as well as a poet's eye for 
 scenery. Indeed, he compared a planter to a painter, for 
 "the exquisite delight" afforded by such employment. 
 " The planter," he said, " is like a painter laying on his 
 colours : at every moment he sees his effects coming out. 
 There is no art or occupation comparable to this ; it is 
 full of past, present, and future enjoyment." But no 
 sort of natural beauty was overlooked by him. He was 
 not the man to whom " the primrose on the river's brim " 
 was merely a yellow primrose : not only the wood, but 
 the verdant meadow, the brown heath, the rifted 
 rock, had all their beauty recognised by his poetic taste ; 
 and perhaps above all he placed water : in the babbling 
 spring, such as the Diamond of the Desert, in lake, 
 such as Loch Katrine, and still more in river. The 
 " rapid Anio " was not more dear to Horace, than the 
 "Bonnie Tweed" and its feeders, Teviot and Yarrow, 
 were to him ; and he surpassed Horace in the con- 
 stancy of his partialities. If Horace loved Tibur when 
 he was at Rome, on the other hand when at Tibur 
 he sighed for the city ; but never when at Abbotsford 
 did Scott wish himself in Castle Street. Nor was he 
 more diligent in the improvement of the surroundings 
 of his home than in the embellishment of the house 
 itself, in which his antiquarian tastes found full scope for 
 their indulgence. Except his wife's drawing-room, the 
 decorations of which chivalry warned him to leave to 
 its mistress, every room was a museum. He was a 
 member of the Roxburgh Club in London, and the 
 founder of the Ballantyne Club in Edinburgh, having the
 
 142 LIFE OF 
 
 same objects as its London brother. He even enlivened 
 its suppers with a song dedicated to the praises of old 
 books and old wines, as Mr. Oldbuck had extolled them 
 some years before ; and Mr. Oldbuck himself never 
 took greater pride in the acquisition of an old book, an 
 ancient carving, or any genuine relic of old times. Over 
 one mantelpiece hung the sword of the great Montrose, 
 on another lay the pistols of Charles Edward ; and, as 
 his zeal for the preservation of Melrose or Roslin for- 
 bade his appropriating the slightest fragment of their 
 architecture, he contented himself with "casts in plaster 
 of the foliage, the flowers, and grotesque monsters, and 
 sometimes the beautiful heads of nuns and confessors," 
 on which, from his earliest infancy, he had loved to gaze. 
 Sport was not forgotten : many a noble head of " a stag 
 of ten," who had bounded gracefully " down the glen," 
 adorned the hall ; and two noble staghounds stood 
 sentries over the whole collection. These, indeed, were 
 at least as characteristic of his tastes as his plantations or 
 his relics : without them we could not fancy the place to 
 have been Scott's. All true poets have loved dogs. 
 Homer immortalised Argus. Duke Theseus, in the 
 pride with which he extolled his hounds of " the true 
 Spartan breed," was, we may be sure, expressing the 
 feelings of Shakespeare himself. One of the tenderest 
 effusions of Byron's muse is dedicated to the praise of 
 his "friend" Boatswain. But neither the ancient nor 
 the modern bard equalled Scott in their appreciation of 
 those qualities which qualify dogs so especially to be the 
 companions of man, nor had any regarded the whole race 
 with such fondness as that with which he has, in verse or
 
 SCOTT. 143 
 
 prose, celebrated the fleet Lufra and the faithful Bevis, 
 Elphin, in "Old Mortality," — the Argus of his old 
 master, — and the rough little Wasp. One of the marks 
 by which Mr. Adolphus, in his letters to Mr. Heber, 
 identified the author of " Waverley " with the poet of 
 " The Lady of the Lake," was the persistence with 
 which, wherever it was possible for a dog to contribute 
 in any way to the effect of a scene, the very dog that 
 was required was always to be found in his proper place 
 and attitude. 
 
 In any other hands the house itself might well have been 
 accounted one of the shows and boasts of the country. 
 But it was not the antiquarian treasures it contained 
 that strangers (often coming from distant lands) most 
 desired to see, but the owner himself, for he was as emi- 
 nently endowed with the genial qualities which make the 
 possessor attractive, as with those grand gifts of genius 
 which made his acquaintance sought as an honour. 
 And, on one ground or the other, the ever-open door 
 was called on to receive an unparalleled variety of guests. 
 Princes led the way : the widowed husband of Princess 
 Charlotte, and Prince Gustavus of Sweden who, since his 
 father's dethronement, had been studying, or "what 
 princes call studying, at Edinburgh." Then came nobles 
 and squires beyond all power of counting, and, more 
 magnificent than "Baron or Squire or Knight of the 
 Shire," Mrs. Coutts, formerly an actress, soon to be a 
 Duchess, attended by the little Duke who was to make 
 her such, and one of her physicians ; for the health of 
 the owner of so many millions could not be entrusted 
 to the care of a single doctor. But she forebore to
 
 Ui LIFE OF 
 
 dazzle the country folks with her undimmed magnifi- 
 cence ; and, though she drove about Edinburgh with 
 seven carriages and four, she contented herself with three 
 in her descent upon Abbotsford ; and even the occupants 
 of those, including as they did two bedchamber women, 
 two ladies' maids, and other dependents, severely taxed 
 the ingenuity of Lady Scott to arrange suitable accom- 
 modation for them. 
 
 There were also more congenial visitors : Sir Hum- 
 phry Davy, Wordsworth, Miss Edgeworth, Moore, and 
 Captain Basil Hall. In fact, the more eminent a man 
 was for ability of any kind, the more eager was he to 
 pay his tribute of admiration to, and to acknowledge 
 the pre-eminence of, Scott. And the two last-mentioned 
 have left journals or memoranda of their visits, which 
 are of special value as showing what manner of man 
 Scott was in his domestic life, and his daily intercourse 
 with friends and acquaintances. Miss Edgeworth re- 
 marks that " Dean Swift said that he had written 
 his books that people might learn to treat him as a 
 great lord, but that Sir Walter wrote his that he might 
 be able to treat people as a great lord ought to 
 do." And so, in fact, he did treat his visitors, not with 
 any assumption of lordly superiority, but with that 
 courteous hospitality which puts every one at his ease, 
 and regards all guests, whatever may be their rank or 
 want of rank, so long as they are guests, as on 
 a footing of equality. There was no ostentation or 
 parade of himself or his belongings. The mornings 
 were spent in showing his visitors whatever was most 
 noteworthy, or what he thought most likely to interest
 
 SCOTT. 145 
 
 them in the neighbourhood, their walks being occasion- 
 ally interrupted as some anecdote or appropriate tale 
 occurred to his recollection, which, whether in verse or 
 prose, " came like poetry from his lips." Captain Hall 
 had the good fortune to be at Abbotsford at Christmas. 
 To his mind the maintenance of the primitive fashions 
 of that festive season in the " Hogmanay Guisards," and 
 the largesses of cakes and silver pennies to the boys and 
 girls who bore their part in them, were not different 
 from what might have been expected from Scott's attach- 
 ment to old customs. But, in what he witnessed on 
 Sunday morning, the host showed that his old-fashioned 
 notions extended to more serious things. He was setting 
 a noble example of the compatibility of the highest genius 
 with the deepest reverence, for — 
 
 " As his guests rose from breakfast," he said : 
 " Ladies and gentlemen, I shall read prayers at eleven, 
 when I expect you all to attend. He did not," the jour- 
 nalist continues, " treat the subject as if ashamed of it, 
 which some do. He did not say, ' Those who please may 
 come, and any one who likes may stay away,' as I have 
 often heard. He read the Church of England service, 
 and did it with singular beauty and impressiveness, varying 
 his voice according to the subject : and, as the first lesson 
 was from a very poetical part of Isaiah, he kindled up, 
 and read it with a great deal of animation, without, how- 
 ever, interfering with the solemnity of the occasion." 
 
 With his permanent neighbours, " whether high or 
 low, he had great influence, engendered and maintained 
 
 10
 
 14P, LIFE OF 
 
 by a constant, quiet interchange of good offices," and to 
 Captain Hall it was especially "interesting to see the 
 consideration all ranks showed for him, treating him with 
 respect at once, and with kindness and familiarity." One 
 feature in his conduct with which Captain Hall was espe- 
 cially struck throughout was the delight he took in the 
 stories told by others, and the total absence of all desire on 
 his part to engross the attention of the company. Mme. 
 de Stael, after her first meeting with Coleridge, described 
 him as very good at the monologue, but with no taste at 
 all for the dialogue. Scott was the very reverse of this ; 
 it never seemed to occur to him that his conversation 
 was better worth listening to than that of others. He 
 was more anxious to draw out the wit or shrewdness of 
 his guests than to parade his own ; and, if anything could 
 add to the attraction of his genius, it was the utter ab- 
 sence of all pretension or consciousness of it on his part. 
 Some of the visitors wondered how a man, who seemed 
 so completely to devote his whole time to his friends, 
 could find leisure for the production of works so numerous 
 and so excellent ; and, to satisfy his own mind, Captain 
 Hall entered into an arithmetical calculation on the sub- 
 ject. There is something comical in the way he arrived 
 at the conclusion to which he came. He counted the 
 number of letters (864) in each page of " Kenilworth," 
 and (777) in each page of his own journal. Of this 
 journal he in ten days had written one hundred and 
 twenty such pages, which in bulk would be about equal 
 to one hundred and eight pages of " Kenilworth." Thirty 
 days, therefore, would be enough to allow for each 
 volume of a novel ; and as it was generally known "that
 
 SCOTT. 147 
 
 Sir Walter composed his works just as fast as he could 
 write," he was convinced that there was no reason, as far 
 as the time necessary for composition was required, to 
 refuse agreement with the general opinion which assigned 
 the authorship of the novels to his host. 
 
 Of all Scott's visitors few met with a more sincere 
 welcome than Moore ; and there can hardly be a stronger 
 proof of the catholicity, as some critics would call it, of 
 his tastes, and of his eager recognition of every sort of 
 ability, than that he should have appreciated, with appa- 
 rently equal sincerity of approval, works and men so 
 widely different as the " Excursion " and its author on 
 the one hand, and, on the other, the Irish melodies of 
 the minstrel of Ireland, and (Tory though he was) the 
 witty political satires which expressed far more of 
 Moore's genuine character than the sentimental effusions 
 with which he enlivened the fashionable coteries of the 
 fine ladies of London. Moore also, as has been already 
 intimated, preserved some records of his visit ; and the 
 incident to which he attached the greatest importance, 
 as having afforded him at once the highest gratification 
 and the greatest surprise, was that "he mentioned the 
 novels, without any reserve, as his own." To employ a 
 modern phrase, the authorship had long been " an open 
 secret." Captain Hall, as we have just seen, had taken the 
 trouble of making calculations which would have been 
 thrown away if he had had any doubt on the subject. 
 Years before, Byron, among the new books which he in- 
 structed Murray from time to time to send him during his 
 absence from England, placed in the front rank any books 
 "by, or reasonably presumed to be by, Walter Scott." And
 
 148 LIFE OF 
 
 in 182 1 an eminent London barrister, Mr. Adolphus, had 
 published a volume of letters or essays, in which, by a 
 comparison of the, as yet, unowned novels with the poems, 
 he accumulated proofs sufficient to ensure a verdict at 
 the Old Bailey, that works so kindred in spirit were not, 
 could not be, the work of two individuals, but that the 
 avowed author of the " Lay," and the anonymous author 
 of " Waverley," were one and the same person. 
 
 As we have seen, it had long ago been remarked by a 
 very shrewd critic of such matters, especially as denoting 
 the wide difference of disposition between Scott and 
 Jeffrey, that no one was more uniformly indulgent in 
 his judgement of other authors than Scott. On the other 
 hand, few have been more severe on their own works than 
 he. And he began to suspect that, as he expressed it, 
 his " vein of fiction was nearly worked out," and " to 
 think seriously of turning his hand to history." As he 
 expressed his opinion to Constable, "historical writing 
 had not been adapted to the demands of the increased 
 circles among which literature had already found its way." 
 And he contemplated providing those whose taste led 
 them to the study of history, with a work of a higher class, 
 as he regarded it, than those on which his fame was as 
 yet founded. Byron had for a time, as he himself said, 
 been reckoned 
 
 "The grand Napoleon of the realms of rhyme." 
 
 Constable was aspiring to be the Napoleon of the realms 
 of print, and Scott, mentioning his misgivings as to his 
 ability to continue his novels with effect, asked him what
 
 SCOTT. 149 
 
 he should think " of taking the field with a Life of the 
 other Napoleon." It was his first hint of a work which 
 he had evidently long had in his mind, perhaps ever 
 since his visit to Waterloo and Paris ten years before. 
 And its promulgation at this moment was probably owing 
 to an unfavourable opinion pronounced by James Ballan- 
 tyne on "The Betrothed," the first of a pair of novels, 
 "Tales of the Crusaders" as they were entitled, which 
 were passing through the printer's hands ; but the second 
 of which, " The Talisman," when that too was delivered, 
 was, in the same critic's view, so brilliant, that if he had 
 had a little more patience, his disapproval of " The 
 Betrothed " would probably have been kept to himself. 
 It may be admitted that " The Betrothed " is hardly 
 entitled to rank among the author's tales of the first 
 class, though it would have made a high reputation 
 for any other novelist. But all the world agreed with 
 the printer that "The Talisman" was one of the author's 
 masterpieces, and that too, though, as Richard I. was 
 the chief character, it had to face a comparison with 
 the magnificent " Ivanhoe," of which the Lion-hearted 
 monarch had also, in the general opinion, been the hero. 
 And it was followed by others which showed that the 
 author's modest estimate of his genius, as a vein which 
 had been worked out, was unduly disparaging. 
 
 For, to say nothing for the moment of the first series 
 of " The Chronicles of the Canongate," — " Woodstock," 
 " Anne of Geierstein," and " The Fair Maid of Perth," 
 which filled the whole of the second series, showed that 
 his vein of original composition was still far from being 
 worked out. Few things in his son-in-law's candid
 
 150 LIFE OF 
 
 and generally admirable biography seem to me stranger 
 than that Mr. Lockhart should have been so daunted 
 by the criticism of Mr. Senior, criticism which, after 
 all, was only partly unfavourable, as to deny to the 
 first-mentioned, " Woodstock," a place in the very front 
 rank of the novels. In one point only Mr. Senior's 
 criticism appears well founded. " The Cromwell and 
 Charles II. are inaccurate as portraits" (he admits that, 
 "as imaginary characters they are admirable ") ; " Charles 
 is perhaps somewhat too stiff, and Cromwell too senti- 
 mental ; " nor, though on widely different grounds, 
 is it strange that some dissatisfaction with both these 
 portraits should be felt by those who think that the 
 portrait of a historical character should so far be true to 
 history as at least not to gloss over the most odious vices 
 and crimes. Too well known are the massacres of Drog- 
 heda and Wexford, where, in spite of all Lord Macaulay's 
 rhetorical artifices, it is certain not only that the entire 
 garrisons of both towns (and these, it must be remem- 
 bered, English soldiers, defending their posts in obedi- 
 ence to every rule of military discipline) were ruthlessly 
 massacred, but that of the peaceful citizens scarcely 
 one escaped the swords of Cromwell's butchers, carrying 
 out his express orders. All the world has adopted the 
 eloquent denunciation of Schiller in branding Tilly and 
 Pappenheim, the destroyers of Madgeburg and its citizens, 
 with well-deserved execration. No one has attempted to 
 defend the slaughter, without trial, of Lord Derby, Lord 
 Capel, the Duke of Hamilton, and scores of other noble 
 and gentle victims, whose sole crime was resistance to 
 the arms of the tyrant who had slaughtered their and his
 
 SCOTT. 151 
 
 own sovereign ; and it is a severe trial to the admirers of 
 the great novelist, and to those who value historical truth, 
 to read in "Woodstock" that Cromwell was not "habitu- 
 ally bloodthirsty." 
 
 And as, perhaps to show his impartiality, he attributes 
 to Charles II. something of a highbred generosity in his 
 conduct towards Alice Lee and her lover, we must equally 
 reprobate the attempt to place in a favourable light, for 
 even the most brief moment, the most infamous of all 
 modern sovereigns, who sent to the scaffold scores of 
 innocent persons for participation in the Popish plot, a 
 crime of which he not only knew them to be innocent, 
 but which he also knew never to have had any existence. 
 The great Roman satirist, in what may be called his 
 manual for poets, lays down as one important rule that 
 they should 
 
 " Follow report, or feign coherent things." * 
 
 But both principles are violated in any work of fiction 
 that would represent the murderer of his sovereign and 
 chief adherents in any light but that of the most ruth- 
 less shedder of innocent blood that disgraces our annals ; 
 or the heartless prince, who jested as he signed death 
 warrants, in no worse light than that of a thoughtless 
 voluptuary. 
 
 It must, then, be admitted that to treat such criminals 
 with indulgence is to put too severe a strain on the 
 privileges of fictitious narrative ; but, if ever such a fault, — 
 for such all our admiration for the author ought not to 
 
 1 Roscommon's translation of Horace's line, 
 
 "Aut famarn sequere, aut sibi convenientia flnge." 
 
 Hor., A. P. 119.
 
 152 LIFE OF 
 
 prevent us from considering it, — could be atoned for by 
 the vigour with which the whole tale is told, and the 
 leading characters, widely different as they are, are por- 
 trayed, surely its pardon will be secured by the pictures 
 of the noble old Cavalier, Sir Henry Lee ; of the loyal 
 "plotter," Dr. Rochecliffe; of Colonel Everard, steering 
 his course as well as his sense of a divided duty will 
 permit, and amusingly contrasted with his worthy 
 11 clerk," the " roaring boy of Brentford," whose un- 
 shaken loyalty makes even his debauched effrontery 
 almost respectable ; and, on the other side, of the pro- 
 fligate hypocrite " Trusty Joe ; " of the self-seeking 
 infidel Bletson, not the less in favour with the powers 
 that be for his infidelity; of the half-crazy Harrison; 
 of Cromwell himself, not always hardened against re- 
 morse for his past crimes, but not for a moment re- 
 strained by it from a resolution to commit more, and to 
 slay the son as he had slain the father, if such removal 
 could make easier the path to the throne which he so 
 long and so eagerly coveted, but happily coveted in 
 vain ; and, to crown all, by one of the most exquisite 
 of all the author's female portraits, the lovely, high- 
 minded Alice Lee. Even the critical Mr. Senior, while he 
 pronounces "Woodstock a picture full of false costume, 
 and incorrect design," admits it to be "splendidly grouped 
 and coloured " ; and, after all, the latter qualities are of 
 the greatest weight in gaining the admiration of the reader. 
 In fact, Mr. Senior admits that the "inaccuracies" in the 
 characters of Charles and Cromwell, for it is to them we 
 must suppose him to allude, " never struck him till his 
 office" (as a reviewer) "forced him to pervert the work
 
 SCOTT. 153 
 
 from its proper end, and to read for the purpose of 
 criticism, instead of enjoyment." 
 
 Scott's last novels of importance were " The Fair Maid 
 of Perth," published in 1828 as "The second series of 
 the Chronicles of the Canongate," and " Anne of 
 Geierstein," published in May, 1829. Lockhart, while 
 admitting that " The Fair Maid of Perth " has un- 
 doubtedly several scenes equal to what the best of 
 Scott's performances can show, " acquiesces in what 
 he regards as the general verdict, which places it only 
 in the second rank of the novels." But his additional 
 avowal, that "it is on the whole a work of brilliant variety, 
 and most lively interest," will probably induce many critics 
 to give it a higher place. When, however, he seems (for 
 he abstains from any express assertion) to rank "Anne of 
 Geierstein " only on a par with it, he allows himself, not 
 unconsciously, nor unconfessedly, to be swayed by the 
 national prejudice that the mere question whether the 
 scenery and character described in a novel are, or are not, 
 Scotch, is the standard by which to judge of their com- 
 parative excellence. 
 
 In his preface, when " Anne of Geierstein " appeared in 
 the collected editions, Scott admits that, since its original 
 publication, Sir Francis Palgrave had thrown a new and 
 somewhat different light on the proceedings of the 
 Vehmsrericht from that which he himself had followed 
 
 O 
 
 Goethe in adopting. But, in a work of fiction, the 
 author is clearly justified in accepting any generally re- 
 ceived tradition. And no one can deny the power with 
 which the trial of the elder Philipson is recounted. But, 
 if the character and proceedings of that mysterious
 
 154 LIFE OF 
 
 tribunal had been described with accuracy as strict as the 
 most scrupulous antiquarian or historian could require, it 
 would not be by the merit of any single scene that such 
 a work should be judged. A surer test to guide the 
 judgement of the critic would be the admirable truth and 
 discrimination with which are presented to our view the 
 light-hearted King Rene, with his indomitable daughter, 
 and Charles of Burgundy, reproduced with even greater 
 effect than in " Qucntin Durward." Nor may we pass 
 over the vigour and consistency of the portraits of the 
 purely imaginary personages, the honest, simplicity- 
 loving, and at the same time fearless Landamman, the 
 darkly designing priest of St. Paul's, and, above all, of her 
 who has given the title to the tale, now, as a peasant- 
 maiden, treading with unhesitating fearlessness the awful 
 precipices of the Alps, and anon ruling her baronial hall, 
 and awing her "impatient vassals" into submissive pro- 
 priety, with as calm and self-possessed a dignity, as if 
 she had never known such an occupation as the manage- 
 ment of a mountain dairy, never aspired to any richer 
 ornament than a " necklace of jet, if her uncle's fleeces 
 bore any price at the next market." 
 
 These portraits alone would justify the most rigorous 
 critic in ranking the tale they embellish among the master- 
 pieces of modern fiction. But he might appeal also to 
 a battle-piece of a spirit-stirring grandeur unsurpassed in 
 prose, whether by Scott himself in " Waverley " or " Old 
 Mortality," or by Napier, when he recounts the prowess 
 of Norman Ramsay, bursting at the head of his batteries 
 through the French ranks at Fuentes d'Onor, or of 
 Wellington chasing King Joseph and Jourdain from point
 
 SCOTT. 155 
 
 to point of the glorious field of Vittoria. If a Swiss free- 
 man still recalls the name of Granson with national pride, 
 surely all future generations of novelists may boast with 
 kindred fervour of the genius of that master, who, sitting 
 at his peaceful desk, and boasting of no weapon but a 
 rapier unhacked and glinting back the sun's rays only at 
 a yeomanry review, could yet paint all the 
 
 "Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war" 
 
 with as sympathetic a fire as if he too had borne a part in 
 such exploits, and were drawing on the proud recollection 
 of deeds of derring-do in which he himself had borne no 
 inglorious share. Even had the picture been less brilliant, 
 it could hardly have failed to obtain a warm welcome from 
 those the great deeds of whose forefathers it commemo- 
 rated. They were excited by it to an admiration as warm 
 as the critics of Paris had been by " Quentin Durward," 
 and more than one token of their gratitude for the honour 
 thus done to their nation enriched the museum of 
 Abbotsford by memories from the fields of Granson and 
 Morat, in the shape of two-handed swords and halberds, 
 such as that with which Sigismund Biedermann beat 
 down the Burgundian swords, and stove in many a 
 helmet, on the field which for ever extinguished Mar- 
 garet's hopes of vengeance on her Yorkist enemies. 
 
 But full justice to Scott's genius will not be done if 
 no notice be taken of the distractions of the most painful 
 character amid which these works were composed. The 
 seizure of an apoplectic character which had alarmed 
 his friends in 1823, had been followed by others, 
 more pronounced in their symptoms. His wife, his affec-
 
 156 LIFE OF 
 
 tionate partner for nearly thirty years, had long been a 
 sufferer from asthma, and that had been the parent of 
 dropsy, which soon proved to be incurable, and which, 
 in the May of 1S26, carried her off, while the last 
 sheets of " Woodstock " were taxing his attention for 
 the revision of the proofs. These causes of anxiety 
 and bitter grief were, however, only known to his imme- 
 diate friends. But the whole nation was excited to one 
 unanimous feeling of sorrow and sympathy by the intelli- 
 gence that the ruin of Constable, and another firm of 
 publishers, which happened in the same year, involved 
 him in their fall ; that his arrangements of long-stand- 
 ing with them had the effect of making him a partner 
 in one of the firms, and that he had to bear his 
 share of its losses. It was a blow which would have 
 crushed to the ground any man but one of such a 
 sturdy manly spirit. But it was encountered by him 
 with a noble courage which, in the eyes of the moralist, 
 does him more honour than even his brightest efforts 
 of genius. He was not without consolation and en- 
 couragement. Lord Dudley's exclamation on hearing 
 it said that he was ruined only gave expression 
 to the general feeling — " Walter Scott ruined ! the 
 author of ' Waverley ' ruined ! Only let every one to 
 whom he has given months of delight give him sixpence, 
 and he will rise to-morrow richer than Rothschild." 
 And there were many who, would he have permitted it, 
 would not have confined their friendship and sympathy 
 to words. Friends, and even banking firms, pressed 
 offers of assistance on him. One admirer, whose name 
 he never knew, solicited leave to place ^30,000 to his
 
 SCOTT. 157 
 
 credit. Mr. Pole, who had taugnt his daughters the 
 harp, sent to offer him ^500 or ^600, " probably his 
 all," as Scott records this truly munificent offer. He had 
 reason to say, as he did, that " there was much good in 
 the world after all. But he would involve no friend, 
 either rich or poor; his own right hand should do it." 
 He did not yet know, he could not, indeed, possibly 
 have imagined, the vastness of the burden which the 
 mismanagement of others had laid upon him. His 
 arrangements with John Ballantyne had apparently been 
 dictated solely by his desire to aid an old schoolfellow for 
 whom he had conceived a great regard, and with no view 
 to profit. Indeed, it does not appear that he had ever 
 received a single farthing from the partnership. And, if 
 Lockhart's description of Ballantyne was correct, it was, 
 from the very first, one from which the best that could be 
 expected was, that some day, like the stork in the fable, 
 Scott might draw his head out of the wolf's mouth 
 without destruction. For "no more reckless, thought- 
 less, and improvident adventurer (than Ballantyne) 
 ever rushed into business." And he had mixed up 
 the firm in transactions with others as rash as himself; 
 with Constable and Hurst and Robinson. Of how 
 gigantic a character these speculations were is shown 
 by the immensity of their liabilities. Constable be- 
 came a bankrupt for a quarter of a million ; Hurst and 
 Robinson for a still larger sum. And their fall involved 
 the firm of Ballantyne and Scott. An examination of 
 Ballantyne's books showed a balance against it of nearly 
 ;£i 20,000, to meet which Ballantyne himself had scarcely 
 a farthing. Morally Scott was blameless for such a state
 
 158 LIFE OF 
 
 of affairs, or only so far blameworthy as having trusted 
 too implicitly to his partner's over-sanguine statements 
 But legally he was equally responsible with him ; and, 
 even if he had not been so, his sense of commercial 
 integrity, and of gentleman-like honour, made him 
 acknowledge his liability for the whole debt, enormous 
 as it was, and resolve to give himself up to the effort 
 to clear it off by his own exertions : " If he lived, and 
 retained his health, no man should lose a penny by 
 him." And he prepared, without a sigh, to sacrifice 
 all the objects which had been his pleasure and his 
 pride. As he records his own prospects — "he had 
 walked his last on the domains he had planted, sat 
 the last time in the halls he had built." But this 
 pain was spared him. The creditors of the bankrupt 
 firms recognised his innocence of the mismanagement 
 which had caused their losses, and not less the unflinch- 
 ing honesty which gave up not only what had been earned, 
 but all he might hereafter be able to earn, till their de- 
 mands should be satisfied to the last penny. 
 
 To earn money now that it was to be devoted to 
 satisfy the creditors of the firm, he worked harder 
 even than when he had looked forward to founding 
 a family and enriching his descendants. His project 
 of becoming the biographer of Napoleon has been 
 mentioned before ; and that was now one of the 
 anchors to which he trusted, not mistakenly, as the 
 event proved, to ride out the storm. For a moment 
 he put the task aside to embark in a political contro- 
 versy. A Tory himself, he had many personal friends 
 in the Tory ministry; but he was a Scotchman before
 
 SCOTT. 159 
 
 he was a Tory, and he resented, with all the warmth 
 of that perfcrvidum genus, the restrictions which the panic 
 of 1825, which had overthrown many a firm of high re- 
 pute in England, induced the Government to impose on 
 the Scotch banking system. The biographer of Swift 
 remembered how the populace of Dublin long idolised 
 the author of the " Drapier's Letters." In a similar spirit 
 he now took up the cudgels on behalf of the bankers 
 of Edinburgh and Glasgow, and, in a series of letters by 
 Malachi Malagrowther, upheld their knowledge of the 
 best way of conducting their own business in preference 
 to that attempted to be forced on them by the financiers 
 of Downing Street. He could not quite deal with the 
 subject as Swift had dealt with his. Swift's clients had 
 been the whole Irish people : as he put it, from the rich 
 squire who would need an almost countless train of wag- 
 gons to carry home his half-year's rents, down to the 
 beggar who must take his leave of a pot of beer for the 
 rest of his life, since the utmost benevolence of a passer- 
 by would give him a coin which, in spite of its nominal 
 value, would only be received for a twelfth part of a penny. 
 A controversy which turned on an issue of bank notes did 
 not admit of such demagogic exaggerations, nor perhaps 
 would such in any case have been suited to the less impul- 
 sive Scotchmen. But Scott had more solid ground for his 
 arguments, which were so weighty as to defeat the minis- 
 terial projects, and, (though he never imputed, as indeed 
 he had no reason to impute, to the Government, any cor- 
 rupt motive, such as had deservedly barbed the point of 
 Swift's diatribes) to produce a momentary coolness towards 
 him on the part of some of the ministers ; especially of
 
 100 LIFE OF SCOTT. 
 
 Lord Melville, whose influence in the Cabinet on all the 
 affairs of Scotland was naturally predominant. 
 
 These letters, however, were only one of his refresh- 
 ments, perhaps in that light the more efficacious from the 
 personal interest which he took in the subject ; and, so in- 
 veterate was his feeling that such diversions from any work 
 of importance were aids to it rather than interruptions, 
 that not a year passed in which essays on various sub- 
 jects, and articles in reviews, did not proceed from his 
 pen. As a literary man, he considered all scholars as his 
 brothers, and none ever applied to him for such contri- 
 butions in vain ; while, meantime, the works to which 
 he chiefly trusted for the discharge of his obligations as a 
 trader, were carried on with steady perseverance. 
 
 It is unnecessary to say more of his novels ; for the 
 fourth series of the " Chronicles of the Canongate," 
 " Castle Dangerous," and " Count Robert of Paris," bear 
 such evident marks of broken health, that they have no 
 claim to be taken into account in any record or estimate 
 of his works and genius, though " Castle Dangerous " 
 contains more than one scene which shows that, like 
 Rob Roy at Aberfoil, "his foot is on its native heath," and 
 that he is again the Walter Scott of " Waverley " and 
 " The Abbot."
 
 CHAPTER XI. 
 
 BUT it is as a historian that we must regard him for 
 the remainder of his life, his chief work now being 
 the " Life of Napoleon," which, as we have seen, he had 
 proposed to undertake before he had any suspicion of 
 the troubles impending over his head. From the first 
 moment of his conceiving the plan, he had busied him- 
 self, and made all his friends busy themselves, in the 
 collection of materials. But he soon perceived that to 
 make the work correspond to his estimate of what it 
 should be, and worthy of his fame, he must go himself 
 to headquarters, to Paris, where alone he could obtain 
 access to official documents which were indispensable, 
 and where he might also meet many of those who had 
 had personal intercourse with the great emperor, and be 
 willing, and even pleased, to contribute the information 
 and anecdotes which they possessed, some hoping to 
 augment, others perhaps to cloud the fame of a hero 
 who, both for good and evil, had left so imperishable a 
 mark on the history of his adopted country. 
 
 In October, 1826, he set out on his journey, accom- 
 panied by his unmarried daughter, Anne ; taking London 
 
 11
 
 162 LIFE OF 
 
 on his way, that he might avail himself of access to 
 documents relating to Napoleon's residence at St. Helena, 
 which had been preserved in the Foreign Office, of which 
 his friend Canning was the head. Had he not at this 
 time been " seized," as he terms it in his journal, " with 
 a zeal for work," he might not have made much progress 
 in his researches, so numerous were the invitations which 
 crowded on him from every quarter, from the king whose 
 royal command required him to devote a day to visiting 
 him at Windsor, down to Terry the actor, whose home 
 above the Adelphi Theatre in the Strand was "like a 
 squirrel's cage." He records with pleasure the renewal 
 of his intercourse with all his old friends, and, though his 
 journal is silent on the subject, we cannot doubt that 
 his spirits were refreshed by the manifestations of their 
 regard, as unrestrained and cordial as ever, if indeed 
 it was not heightened by the deep and respectful 
 sympathy which his misfortunes, and his gallant beha- 
 viour under them, excited and deserved. But he could 
 not spare the great city more than ten days, so im- 
 patient was he to get to Paris, where, of course, far more 
 was to be learnt of Napoleon in his days of power ; the 
 records of our own Foreign Office being confined to 
 the period of his captivity. Here again he was welcomed 
 by an almost equal variety of admirers, from our own 
 ambassador, Lord Granville, and Count Pozzo di Borgo, a 
 Corsican by birth, like Napoleon himself, but now the 
 Czar's representative, down to the Dames de la Halle, a 
 body of ladies whose position and privileges were recog- 
 nised, if not in royal edicts, at all events by well-established 
 custom. In a former age they had claimed their right to
 
 SCOTT. 163 
 
 make Marie Antoinette * an offering of fruit and flowers. 
 And now they approached the great Englishman with a 
 similar offering: " a bouquet like a maypole, and a speech 
 full of honey and oil, which cost him ten francs." 
 
 One of Napoleon's marshals, the gallant Marshal Mac- 
 donald, was of Scotch descent, and he was as com- 
 municative on the subject which had the chief interest 
 for Scott as Pozzo di Borgo had been, having also had the 
 opportunity of knowing much more from the campaigns 
 which he had made under Napoleon's orders. Scott could 
 not make a much longer stay in Paris than he had made in 
 London, but he was well pleased with his visit. It was 
 with a natural pride that he learnt, by undeniable evidence, 
 that his works had met "with an extensive and favourable 
 reception in a foreign land, where there was so much, 
 a priori, to oppose their progress ; " and he flattered him- 
 self also that " for his work he had done a good deal ; 
 above all, he had been confirmed strongly in the im- 
 pressions he had formed of the character of Napoleon, 
 and might attempt to draw him with a firmer hand." 
 And, on his return to London, he obtained an addition 
 
 1 On the occasion of the Dauphin and Dauphinesse (Marie 
 Antoinette) making their first State visit to Paris after their marriage, 
 " a banqueting table was arranged for six hundred guests, and these 
 guests were not the nobles of the nation, nor the clergy, nor the 
 most renowned warriors, nor the municipal officers, but the fish- 
 women of the market. A custom, so old that its origin cannot be 
 traced, had established the right of these dames to bear an especial 
 part in such festivities. In the course of the morning they had 
 made their future queen free of their market, with an offering of 
 fruit and flowers" (The author's "Life of Marie Antoinette," 
 chap. vii.).
 
 164 LIFE OF 
 
 to his materials of scarcely less value than the personal 
 recollections of Pozzo di Borgo and Macdonald ; for the 
 Duke of Wellington gave him " a bundle of remarks on 
 Bonaparte's Russian campaign, which he had written 
 in his carriage during his late mission to St. Petersburg," 1 
 and invited him to correspond with him if he required 
 any information which he might be able to supply. Again 
 he found his society universally courted. He was even 
 requested to call on the Commander-in-Chief, the Duke 
 of York, though the poor prince had not two months' 
 more life before him. Again he was feasted by Cabinet 
 Ministers, and had requests for his opinion of more than 
 one candidate for Scotch appointments. But again, too, he 
 soon began " to tire of these gaieties. The late hours and 
 constant feasting disagreed with him, and he wished for a 
 sheep's head and toddy against all the French cooking 
 and champagne in the world." 
 
 His excursion had barely lasted seven weeks: before the 
 end of November he was back at Edinburgh, working 
 hard at the materials he had brought with him, and 
 never flinching for a moment, though he was now the 
 frequent victim of severe rheumatism, caught, in all 
 probability, from the damp sheets of some French inn. 
 His anxious relatives too soon saw that this new com- 
 plaint was making inroads on his constitution, not only 
 from the severity of the pain, but because it increased his 
 lameness, and debarred him from much of the exercise 
 which is perhaps more necessary to the literary man than 
 
 1 In 1826 he had been sent as ambassador- extraordinary to 
 congratulate the new Emperor (Nicholas) on his accession to the 
 Russian throne.
 
 SCOTT. 165 
 
 to those whose lot is differently cast, and which was more 
 necessary to himself than in former days, since in his 
 eagerness to finish the " Life" he had greatly changed his 
 habits, and devoted to his desk the hours which, in more 
 prosperous times, had been happily allotted to social en- 
 joyment with his family and friends. He was conscious 
 that he was overdoing it. In the spring of the next year, 
 he received some " curious papers from Sweden," probably 
 from Bernadotte himself; and, in recording their arrival, 
 he adds that " he has wrought himself blind, between 
 writing and collating, and, except about three or four 
 hours for food and exercise, he has not till to-day devauted 1 
 from his task." 
 
 By such steady work the " Life " was completed in an 
 astonishingly short time, when its bulk is taken into con- 
 sideration. When he first contemplated it, he estimated 
 its size at four volumes. It had grown into nine, though 
 they were not all devoted to Napoleon himself, the first 
 two being a sort of Introduction, in an account of the 
 French Revolution, a knowledge of the general character 
 and leading incidents and horrors of which he not un- 
 naturally regarded as essential to a correct comprehension 
 of the career and character of the extraordinary man, who, 
 though himself wholly unconnected with them, made 
 them the steps by which he himself should re-establish the 
 throne and place himself on it. In this Scott imitated his 
 countryman Robertson, who, in a former generation, had 
 prefaced his " Life of Charles V." by an elaborate descrip- 
 tion of the state of Europe at the commencement of the 
 
 1 I suppose a local or obsolete word, which Lockhart thinks 
 necessary to explain in a note as meaning " ceased."
 
 166 LIFE OF 
 
 century in which that monarch reigned. At Midsummer, 
 1827, the " Life " was published ; two years after he had 
 first broached the idea to Constable, though, according to 
 Lockhart's estimate, if the time occupied by his journey 
 and the other works which he executed within those two 
 years be deducted, the work had really occupied hardly 
 more than twelve months. It cannot be too bold to assert 
 that no work of such magnitude was ever completed in so 
 brief a space of time, and it may fairly be added, of such 
 excellence also. It had a prodigious sale, partly due to 
 the grandeur of the subject, partly to the greatness of the 
 writer's own reputation. In the lives of Dryden and Swift 
 he had proved that the skill of a biographer was among his 
 talents, and, since it is the characteristic of true genius 
 to rise with the greatness of the subject, it was natural 
 that the highest expectation should be raised when the 
 greatest writer of his age undertook a memoir of the most 
 extraordinary man whom that or any preceding age had 
 produced. He was not so unreasonable as to expect to 
 please every one with his portrait of a man who, if he had 
 been unduly admired by some even of our own country- 
 men, had been regarded with an equal extravagance of 
 hatred by others. While the book was going through the 
 press, he intimated his sense that " he should displease 
 ' ultras,' such as Croker, on the subject of Boney ; who 
 was certainly a great man, though far from a good man, 
 and still further, from a good king." But, if that feeling 
 was entertained in any quarter, it does not appear to have 
 been expressed. Goethe, who had himself conversed 
 with Napoleon, could "conceive nothing more delightful 
 than leisurely and calmly to sit down and listen to such a
 
 SCOTT. 107 
 
 man, the most celebrated narrator of the century, while 
 clearly, truly, and with all the skill of a great artist he re- 
 called to him (Goethe) the incidents on which through life 
 he had meditated, and the influence of which is still daily 
 in operation." And the only exception to the general praise 
 was that some critics, hypercritics they may fairly be called, 
 objected to the lavish imagery of the writer's historical 
 style. Lockhart apologises for it as a part of his nature, 
 which he could not throw off. " He could not, whatever 
 character he might wish to assume, cease to be one of 
 the greatest of poets. Metaphorical illustrations, which 
 men born with prose in their souls hunt for painfully, 
 and find only to murder, were to him the natural and 
 necessary offspring and playthings of an ever-teeming 
 fancy." But, if it did not wear too much the appearance 
 of effrontery to dispute the dictum of a former editor of 
 The Quarterly Review, we would make bold to deny that 
 any apology is needed. Byron reckons among the un- 
 dying glories of Rome, "Livy's pictured page," and 
 Lockhart's admission that the style of the whole work 
 is perfectly unaffected and natural, does of itself disarm 
 the charge of the greater part of its force. If, as is 
 generally allowed, poetry be the highest class of com- 
 position, most surely a certain infusion of the poeti- 
 cal element must give a grace to prose, provided it do 
 not exceed the bounds of good taste by immoderate 
 indulgence. It is when its introduction is manifestly 
 laboured, when its metaphors and similes are far-fetched 
 and out of place, that it becomes offensive. Rhetorical 
 artifices are bad, because everything artificial is bad ; but 
 comparisons and richness of embellishment, whose object
 
 168 LIFE OF 
 
 manifestly is not to impress the reader with an idea of 
 the brilliancy of the writer, but to bring the scene or 
 person described more vividly before his mind's eye, are 
 not only legitimate, but graceful and appropriate orna- 
 ments. No one has ever condemned Burke's glowing 
 picture of Marie Antoinette, " glittering like the morning 
 star, full of life and splendour and joy; " nor Macaulay's 
 tale of the relief of Derry, when " all night the bells of 
 the rescued city made answer to the Irish guns with a 
 peal of joyous defiance," though breathing not a little of 
 the spirit which sang in noble verse — 
 
 " How well Horatius kept the bridge 
 In the brave days of old." ■ 
 
 That the " Life " can no longer be appealed to as the 
 standard work on the subject, is undoubtedly true, and is 
 inevitable. Such a flood of fresh light has been thrown 
 in the present generation both on the Revolution in its 
 earlier stages, and on the career and character of Napoleon 
 himself, by recent publications, 2 that no work can now be 
 considered as completely satisfactory which was composed 
 in ignorance of the revelations which they contain. But 
 no one has denied that what may be termed the external 
 
 1 " Lays of Ancient Rome," i. 70. 
 
 3 The correspondence of Marie Antoinette in the collections of M. 
 Feuillet de Conches andM. Arneth; "The Histoire de la Terreur" 
 of M. Mortimer-Ternaux ; the " Origines de la France Contempo- 
 raine," by M. Taine ; " The Life of Napoleon," by Lanfrey ; and 
 the far more valuable one (down to 1814) by the Comte de Segur; 
 with the voluminous, though carefully-weeded, correspondence of 
 the Emperor himself, are sufficient, by their mere titles to show 
 how imperfect any history of Napoleon must be which was com- 
 posed before the publication of those works.
 
 SCOTT. 169 
 
 features of the Revolution, and its eventual master, are 
 portrayed in this " Life" with very general correctness, as 
 they undoubtedly are with picturesque vigour. And the 
 impartiality with which Napoleon himself is presented, 
 must seem the more admirable, if it be recollected with 
 what a personal hatred he was in his lifetime regarded 
 by the vast majority of Englishmen, a feeling in which 
 Scott himself shared to its fullest extent. 
 
 One of his objects the book fulfilled in a degree 
 probably beyond his expectations : it produced, before 
 the end of the year, no less a sum than ,£18,000, a 
 sum which, added to the profits of the novels already 
 mentioned, diminished the debt to Ballantyne's credi- 
 tors by little less than ^40,000, And so sensible 
 were the creditors of the unparalleled greatness of 
 his efforts to save them from eventual loss, and of the 
 sterling integrity which made over to them all the fruits 
 of his labours, that, by a resolution which did as great 
 honour to themselves as to him, they recorded their sense 
 of his exertions, not by a barren expression of thanks, but 
 by a testimonial of the most acceptable character, a 
 present of Abbotsford with all its contents, the furniture, 
 plate, and paintings, the library with its concomitants of 
 relics and curiosities of every description, as an heir- 
 loom to keep alive, in future generations of his race, the 
 memory of their gifted ancestor. Such an offering was, 
 as they described it, "the best means they had of 
 expressing their very high sense of his most honourable 
 conduct, and in grateful acknowledgment for the un- 
 paralleled and most successful exertions he had made, 
 and continued to make, for them." And, as such, it was 
 deeply valued.
 
 170 LIFE OF 
 
 For a moment there seemed a chance of the " Life" 
 bringing with it one consequence of a less pleasing nature. 
 A General Gourgaud, one of Napoleon's suite at St. 
 Helena, took offence at some statements contained in it, 
 founded on documents in our own Colonial Office, which 
 implied that the communications on the subject of Napo- 
 leon's treatment, which the general made to our Govern- 
 ment, were greatly at variance with the representations 
 which he subsequently made to his friends in Paris. The 
 General's displeasure ultimately vented itself in a furious 
 letter to some of the London newspapers. But at first 
 Scott thought the language which he held on the subject 
 indicated an intention of inviting him to decide the 
 question on (as it was then the fashion to style it) the field 
 of honour. Scott came of too warlike a race to cry 
 " craven " to any such invitation, but prepared, to use the 
 language of Byron, " to hold out his iron ; " and, that he 
 might not be taken by surprise, provided himself with a 
 second. To a friend, who probably thought that a 
 scholar, with whatever brilliancy he might sing of battles, 
 in the actual encounter would not be on fair terms with 
 one whose trade was conflict and bloodshed, and who, 
 indeed, had the reputation of a practised and skilful 
 duellist, Scott explained, that " if he were capable in a 
 moment of weakness of doing anything short of what 
 his honour demanded, he should die the death of a 
 poisoned rat in a hole, out of mere sense of his own 
 degradation." 
 
 The success of the " Life " acted as an inducement to 
 further labours in the path of history. Within six 
 months of the publication of the " Life " he sent both the
 
 SCOTT. 171 
 
 first series of his " Tales of a Grandfather," the tales 
 being a history of Scotland, intended for children 
 (indeed, the grandson, Lockhart's eldest son, John Hugh, 
 for whose instruction they were professedly composed, was 
 not yet seven years old), but not written in the childish 
 style that some purveyors of infantine literature had 
 recently employed. " He was persuaded that both chil- 
 dren and the lower class of readers hate books which are 
 written down to their capacity, and love those that are 
 composed for their elders and betters. He would there- 
 fore make, if possible, a book that a child should under- 
 stand, yet a man should feel some temptation to peruse, 
 should he chance to take it up." 
 
 How completely he had carried out his idea, was shown 
 by the prodigious sale of the Tales, which exceeded that 
 of any of his novels since " Ivanhoe," and which seemed 
 such a proof that his hold on the public taste was un- 
 diminished, that more than one London publisher sought 
 to enlist his services by the most munificent offers. The 
 proprietor of an annual, named "The Keepsake," offered 
 him £800 a year as the editor. Another firm sought to 
 tempt him to edit a journal by a yearly salary of ,£1,500 
 or £2,000. But he could not condescend to be a pur- 
 veyor to " the toyshops of literature." And, apart from 
 any considerations of loss of dignity, any such permanent 
 engagement must have interfered with a project that he 
 and Cadell, one of his publishers, had formed, of pub- 
 lishing all his poems and novels in a vast uniform series, 
 at a cheaper rate than they had hitherto been sold ; 
 though they were to be enriched, as no previous edition 
 had been, with separate prefaces and notes to each poem
 
 172 LIFE OF 
 
 and novel. At the same time he continued his historical 
 labours; a second series of the "Tales of a Grandfather" 
 came out in 1828 ; a third in 1829 ; a fourth, on the 
 " History of France," in 1830 ; and in 1S29 he also 
 furnished Dr. Lardner's " Cyclopcedia " with what Lock- 
 hart calls a compendium of Scotch History, in two 
 volumes, as a companion to Moore's " History of Ire- 
 land." 
 
 But the furtherance of Cadell's scheme was the object 
 which now began to engross all his intention. His 
 expectations of success were so high that in every 
 mention of it in his journals, he calls it the opus 
 magnum ; but his anticipations fell far short of the 
 reality. Each poem was to fill one volume ; each novel, 
 as a rule, two ; though one, " Peveril," ran to three ; and 
 some, and those not the worst, such as "The Legend 
 of Montrose," and "The Talisman," did not extend 
 beyond one. At first the publisher, Cadell, thought an 
 edition of 7,000 likely to meet the demand. Before the 
 prospectus had been out a week, he found that 10,000 
 or 12,000 would be required. And, when the first 
 volume was published in May, 1829, 35,000 were sold 
 before the end of the year ; and Scott might reasonably 
 calculate that, before the entire series was completed, his 
 share of the profit would have nearly, if not entirely, 
 wiped off all the outstanding claims of Ballantyne's credi- 
 tors and his own. 
 
 He had need of encouragement; for he could not 
 conceal from himself that his health was rapidly breaking. 
 The very next month after the first appearance of the 
 new edition of " Waverley," his physicians found them-
 
 SCOTT. 173 
 
 selves called on to contend with ruptures of small blood- 
 vessels, and attacks of nervousness very foreign to his 
 disposition, but too evidently premonitory symptoms of 
 something more formidable; and which, in the first months 
 of the next year, were verified by an unmistakable seizure 
 of paralysis. For the moment it yielded to care and 
 skill ; but it is the nature of such attacks to recur ; and, 
 indeed, this had left behind it more than one reminder 
 of which he was conscious. He seemed to himself " to 
 speak with some impediment ; " his lameness was incon- 
 veniently increased ; " even his handwriting seemed to 
 stammer." Before the end of the year, the attack was 
 repeated, though but slightly; but the spring of 1831 
 brought on a third, combining paralysis and apoplexy, 
 which confined him to his bed for some days, and which 
 for several hours filled his whole family with fears that he 
 would never rise from it. 
 
 He did quit it, however, and his next entry in his 
 journal shows how resolutely he made head against 
 nervousness. "They have cut me off from animal food, 
 and from fermented liquors of every kind, and, thank 
 God, I can fast with any one. I walked out, and found the 
 day delightful ; the woods too looking charming, just 
 bursting forth to the tune of the birds. I have been 
 whistling on my wits like so many children, I cannot 
 miss any of them." But here he was flattering himself; 
 when a week or two afterwards Lockhart reached Abbots- 
 ford, he found his whole appearance fearfully altered. 
 He required to be lifted on his pony. What probably 
 affected him more was that he ceased to be able to 
 write ; and the last portion of " Count Robert of Paris,"
 
 174 LIFE OF 
 
 for he would not obey the doctor's entreaties to lay his 
 work aside, was dictated to an amanuensis. 
 
 Unfortunately at this time political excitement tended 
 to increase his distemper. In the winter of 1830 the 
 Wellington Ministry had been overthrown ; the Duke 
 had been succeeded by Earl Grey ; and the first session 
 of 1 83 1 saw the introduction of the Reform Bill, the 
 sweeping boldness of which astounded all who were not 
 in the confidence of the new Ministry, and, indeed, some 
 who held office in it. Those who remember that time need 
 never be reminded how fierce and universal an excitement 
 drove all the kingdom, Reformers and Anti-Reformers 
 alike, for a time out of their propriety ; and, ill and 
 weak as he was, few were more deeply moved than Scott 
 himself. The middle and lower classes in Scotland were 
 always inclined to Radicalism ; and little inclined to 
 allow fair play to any one who failed to sympathise with 
 them. Public meetings were held in every town and 
 county, and in Selkirkshire Scott conceived that his office 
 of sheriff made it a moral duty to raise his voice in 
 denunciation of the Ministerial measure. To the dismay 
 of his medical advisers, he resolved to speak, and to 
 warn his countrymen against the danger to a nation so 
 wholly different from the French people of following 
 " the French Model." Though his words were few, and 
 carefully inoffensive, to the lasting disgrace of the Jed- 
 burgh population, his opposition effaced all their former 
 pride in his genius and patriotism ; he was hooted from 
 the hustings, but, whatever they forgot, he, amid all his 
 natural feelings of indignation, could not forget that he was 
 a gentleman, but, bowing as he retired, took his farewell
 
 SCOTT. 175 
 
 in the words of the doomed gladiators of Rome, which 
 implied at the same time too true a consciousness that 
 his own end was near at hand, Moriturus vos salulo. At 
 the election which followed on the rejection of the first 
 Bill, the conduct of the mob was still more disgraceful. 
 At Selkirk they pelted his carriage with stones ; and 
 at Jedburgh, where he went to vote for his kinsman of 
 Harden, he even heard cries of " burke Sir Walter" as 
 he quitted the town. And it is difficult to doubt that the 
 violence thus exhibited towards himself, combined with 
 his forebodings as to the effect of the Ministerial policy 
 on the future prosperity and honour of the nation, had 
 an unfavourable effect on a constitution so broken as his 
 evidently was. 
 
 When all hope of permanent amendment from 
 medicine has been given up, physicians have still one 
 more resource which is not unfrequently beneficial, 
 change of climate ; and they now earnestly pressed on 
 him the absolute necessity of escaping from the rigours 
 of a Scotch winter by a journey to the milder regions of 
 the South. Resolute as had been his opposition to the 
 measures of the Ministers, one of them at least did not 
 allow the hostility of the politician to diminish his per- 
 sonal regard for the man. One of the last acts of the 
 Wellington Ministry had been to offer him the compli- 
 ment of a seat at the Privy Council, an honour never 
 before conferred on any one who had no other claim 
 but literary pre-eminence. But, though sensible of, and 
 grateful for the proposal, he felt that "when one is old 
 and poor he should avoid taking rank," and, with ex- 
 pressions of gratitude for the compliment, avowed
 
 176 LIFE OF 
 
 himself fully satisfied with the distinction of which he 
 had been the subject in a happier time. But now, 
 when Sir James Graham, the First Lord of the Admiralty 
 in the Whig Cabinet, on hearing that he was recom- 
 mended a voyage to the Mediterranean, offered to place 
 a frigate at his disposal for the voyage, that was a kind- 
 ness calculated to be of such real service, by enabling 
 him to avoid the fatigue of an overland journey, no 
 trifling consideration at a time when as yet railways were 
 not, that it was thankfully accepted ; and at the end of 
 September he left Abbotsford. He passed a week or 
 two with Lockhart in London, where meetings with some 
 of his old friends cheered him up so much that, though 
 conscious of increasing weakness, and of what was sadder 
 to him than bodily pain, "a heartless muddiness of 
 mind," he did not relinquish the expectation of benefit 
 from his voyage ; and expressed to one of his friends, 
 who had called to bid him farewell, the hope of 
 " having a ride together again some day." 
 
 " Merrily, merrily, went the bark," when, in the last 
 week of October, the Barham set sail with her precious 
 freight ; and, after the first day or two of sea-sickness had 
 passed away, those who were not aware that the London 
 physicians had discovered disease of the brain to be at 
 the root of his maladies, might have cherished a 
 belief in the efficacy of the sea air and change of 
 scene, so keenly did he seem to enjoy the various sights 
 which met his view as he sat on the frigate's deck. 
 He even felt strong enough to land on a strange volcanic 
 island, which, a few months before, had appeared above 
 the surface of the sea, and received the name of Graham's
 
 SCOTT. 177 
 
 island, though the visit could not save it, a few days 
 afterwards, from disappearing as suddenly as it had risen : 
 he even wrote home to one of his Scotch friends a lively 
 description of it for the information of the Royal Society 
 of Edinburgh, of which at one time he had been Pre- 
 sident, and an account of his own display of "his old 
 talents of horsemanship," as "mounted on the shoulders 
 of an able and willing seaman, he rode nearly to the top 
 of the island." 
 
 Malta was the Barham's first destination. His arrival 
 had been expected with all the interest that curiosity and 
 admiration could inspire. Every preparation that could 
 tend to his comfort had been made by the governor. 
 And, for a moment, the novelty of the different scenes 
 that met his eye seemed to have a beneficial effect on 
 his spirits He even attended a ball which was given in 
 his honour, certainly as singular a compliment to a man 
 in his state of health as could well be imagined ; and he 
 himself gave one or two dinner parties at his hotel, at 
 which one of the guests has recorded in his journal that 
 he seemed to have recovered much of his old animation, 
 and talked freely, with " the same felicitous introduction 
 of traditionary stories and happy quotations," which had 
 always been characteristic of his conversation. From 
 Malta the Barham conveyed him to Naples, and there he 
 was even presented at Court, and went to the Opera. 
 For a moment he felt a renewal of his former spirit, 
 and of his taste for national ballads ; buried himself in 
 the collection of specimens of Neapolitan and Sicilian 
 minstrelsy ; and went so far as to plan a new novel, to 
 bear the name of " The Siege of Malta." It was no 
 
 12
 
 178 LIFE OF 
 
 little encouragement to him in these projects to learn 
 that " Old Mortality " had been translated into Italian. 
 At another time, as he told one of his friends, he con- 
 templated turning to poetry again, to see whether in his 
 " old age he was not capable of equalling the rhymes 
 of his youthful days." " He had relinquished it because 
 Byron had beaten him out of the field in the description 
 of the strong passions, and deepseated knowledge, of the 
 human heart." But he feared no other rival ; and now, 
 in the Mediterranean, the old tradition of the dragon at 
 Rhodes, and its destruction by De Gazan struck him as 
 an attractive subject for a new poem, of which he began 
 to sketch the outline. He was fortunate in his weather, 
 and after three months' stay in that genial climate, he felt 
 so much invigorated that " it seemed likely that he might 
 get better, though he did not think he should ever ride 
 or walk again, but must be confined to vehicular exer- 
 cise." 
 
 But it is evident that he had misgivings as to the im- 
 provement which he tried to see ; and, as he had never 
 met him, it is strange that he was so much impressed 
 with the news of the death of Goethe, which took place 
 in March. Before the intelligence reached Naples he 
 had been anxious to return home ; and it renewed his 
 impatience to do so. "Alas ! for Goethe," were his words, 
 "but he at least died at home." " Let us to Abbots- 
 ford." And in the middle of April he set out from Naples, 
 stopping a few days at Rome, where the agreeable society 
 which he met again revived his spirits for a moment; 
 but his heart was on the Tweed, and in the second week 
 of May he left Rome, taking the line of the Tyrol. But
 
 SCOTT. 179 
 
 the weather was often severe, and the cold and the 
 fatigue told with fatal effect : as was sadly seen when, 
 at Nimeguen, on the gth of June, he was struck down by 
 a fit in which apoplexy and paralysis were combined. He 
 began to fear that he should not be spared to reach home, 
 and, in spite of his weakness, pressed eagerly on his journey. 
 He reached London, but the effort had been too much 
 for him, and more than three weeks elapsed before he 
 could leave it, and then it was but too evident that he 
 was only going home to die. 
 
 But even in that thought he found comfort. And in the 
 inmost depths of his heart he felt the emotions which, in 
 his earliest poem, he had attributed to the last Minstrel : 
 "the filial bond that knitted him to the land of his sires," 
 the longing to " feel the breeze down Ettrick's breast," 
 " although it chilled his withered cheek ; " and, except that 
 he was not, and never could be " forgotten," there was 
 prophecy in the Minstrel's prayer that he might — 
 
 " Still lay his head by Teviot stone, 
 Though there, forgotten and alone, 
 The Bard might draw his parting groan." 
 
 Few tales are more pathetic than the description how, as 
 he caught sight of his own towers, weak as he was, he 
 sprang up in the carriage with a cry of delight ; how, as 
 he skirted the woods which he had planted, his excite- 
 ment became so eager and violent that his companions, 
 his daughters and Lockhart, could hardly keep him in 
 the carriage ; and how, when he had been lifted into his 
 dining-room and his dogs came round him, fawning on 
 him and licking his well-remembered hands, "he alter-
 
 180 LIFE OF 
 
 nately sobbed and smiled over them until sleep oppressed 
 him." 
 
 It was the i ith of July : the next day " something like 
 a ray of hope broke on " him, and on those about him, 
 though it could only be that of a temporary respite. He 
 was happy, he told them, to be at home ; he felt better 
 than he had done " since he left it, and might perhaps 
 disappoint the doctors after all." He was wheeled in a 
 Bath chair round his garden ; and, when he had been 
 taken back into the house, and his son-in-law, who tended 
 him with a dutiful affection, read to him a chapter from the 
 Gospels, he expressed himself as greatly cheered by having 
 been able to "follow" the reader "distinctly," "he felt 
 as if he were yet to be himself again." But the delusion, 
 for such it was, if it imposed on himself, could not de- 
 ceive those who tended and loved him ; day by day, his 
 strength visibly declined. After a few more such days 
 he was confined to his room, and often to his bed. But 
 there was still so much of the original vigour left in his 
 constitution, that he lingered long, though apparently 
 without pain, and it was not till the 21st of September 
 that the long struggle was terminated, and he finally 
 passed away in the presence of all his children. 
 
 The family vault was in Dryburgh Abbey : there his 
 ancestors for many generations had been laid ; there, six 
 years before, he had followed his own wife to the grave, 
 and there on the 26th of September, 1832, he himself was 
 buried. 
 
 That his death was regarded as a national loss, was 
 attested by the unprecedented honour paid him by nearly 
 every newspaper, which in England as well as in Scotland,
 
 SCOTT. 181 
 
 assumed the mourning border which they would have 
 worn on announcing the death of a Prince. How bitter 
 was the grief of those who had had the honour and 
 happiness of his acquaintance, was proved by the " deep 
 sob " which, as Lockhart records it, " burst from a thou- 
 sand lips " as the coffin was taken from the hearse, and 
 " borne on the shoulders of his afflicted serving-men " to 
 his last resting-place.
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 IN endeavouring to form a correct and adequate idea 
 of the position to which Scott is entitled in the 
 world of literature, it must, in the first place, be remem- 
 bered that he is almost the only writer in any language 
 for whom a place in the front rank of both poets and 
 prose writers can be claimed. Dryden was indeed a con- 
 summate master of prose style, but the critical prefaces 
 to which he confined his efforts, admirable as they are, 
 cannot be considered as of sufficient originality or im- 
 portance to entitle him to such a distinction. Gold- 
 smith's prose, whether in " The Vicar of Wakefield," in 
 "The Citizen of the World," or, as far as mere style is 
 concerned, in history, can scarcely be surpassed ; but his 
 poems, exquisite cabinet pictures though they be, are on 
 too small a scale to allow us to class him among our 
 great poets. Byron, alluding, it may be supposed, to 
 Voltaire's poetry, especially of the dramatic kind, as well 
 as to his prose, has, in a well-known couplet, 1 placed him 
 on a level with Scott, and even with Shakespeare ; and 
 there is probably little doubt that patriotic vanity leads 
 
 1 " Had there not been one Shakespeare, one Voltaire, 
 Of one or both of whom he seems the heir."
 
 LIFE OF SCOTT. 183 
 
 many of his countrymen to endorse this estimate ; but it 
 is certainly one that has never found general acceptance 
 in this country. Even their own countryman, Schlegel, 
 while expressing his admiration of the genius of Goethe and 
 Schiller, confines it to their poetry ; while, if the dramas of 
 Machiavelli be excepted, we know of no Italian who has 
 attempted to shine in both classes of composition. 
 
 But Scott had established his reputation as a poet of 
 lofty genius before he won what, in the opinion of the 
 general public, is even a higher rank as the greatest of 
 novelists And it will be better, as more natural, to 
 consider first the qualities of genius displayed in his 
 poems, and to proceed from them to the examination of 
 the powers displayed in his prose fictions. 
 
 It may be admitted at the outset that, in richness 
 of poetical imagination, he cannot be placed on a 
 level with his great contemporary, Byron, nor with 
 Shelley ; that he presents us with no such wealth of 
 gorgeous imagery, nor, as he himself, we have seen, 
 confessed, with such powerful delineation of strong 
 passion as holds the attention captive in " The Giaour," 
 and " The Bride of Abydos." But he has qualities of his 
 own, not less indispensable as ingredients in poems of the 
 the highest class, nor less essential as characteristics of 
 loftiest poetical genius. In particular he has an animation 
 and sustained energy of action unequalled in the descrip- 
 tion of battles since the days of Homer, and not con- 
 fined to " the rapture of the strife," but equally powerful 
 in the ride of Deloraine to Melrose, the mission of the 
 Fiery Cross, and in the resolution with which Arthur puts 
 aside all inferior temptations, and with hand " on Call-
 
 184 LIFE OF 
 
 burn's resistless brand," presses on his way to the 
 presence of the castle's Queen, the half-immortal Gwen- 
 dolen. Somewhat akin to these gifts is a grand power 
 in the portrayal of character in man, and, (a far 
 rarer gift,) in woman also. And if we may regard 
 these as the figures in the picture, they are set in 
 frames of exquisite beauty, moulded by an eye of un- 
 surpassed feeling for the beauties of nature, and a skill 
 in painting them with the richest variety, and the most 
 picturesque distinctness. To these must be added a 
 fertility of invention unrivalled by any writer of any kind 
 in our language since Shakespeare. The number of poems 
 and novels, taken together, is nearer forty than thirty. 
 In all these is not one plot, and scarcely one incident, 
 resembling another ; while the personages whose fortunes 
 are chiefly concerned, or by whose actions the catas- 
 trophe is brought about, form a gallery of portraits 
 displaying a wealth of conception, and a mastery of 
 execution, to which, except in the works of our great 
 dramatist, we shall look in vain for a parallel. In the 
 poems the comparative smallness of their number, and 
 their limitation to one class of subjects, 
 
 "To Knighthood's dauntless deed, attd Beauty's matchless eye" — 
 
 forbid us to expect that variety of character which is 
 more naturally looked for in the novels, which present a 
 greater variety of objects and ranks. Yet, even when 
 confined to brave knights and ladies fair, genius such as 
 Scott's could embellish his pictures by the nicest discri- 
 mination of character. In one poem we have a gallant 
 Prince, whose son is the hero of another ; but, except in
 
 SCOTT. 185 
 
 contempt of danger, no two can be more different than 
 the reckless warrior, defying the might of England on 
 Flodden Field, and the courteous " Commons' King " 
 
 "bending low 
 To his white jennet's saddle-bow, 
 Doffing his cap to city dame, 
 Who smiled and blush'd for pride and shame." 
 
 All knights were bound by the same vows and obliga- 
 tions ; yet how wide is the difference between the 
 betrayer of Constance, the ruiner of his rival by base 
 forgery, and the noble De Argentine, than whom " knight 
 more true in thought and deed ne'er spurr'd a steed." 
 While, to turn to the softer sex, the saying attributed by 
 Pope to his friend, that " most women have no characters 
 at all," has never been more conclusively and trium- 
 phantly refuted than by the portraits of the stern Lady of 
 Branksome, yielding to Fate alone what she would grant 
 to no human affection or influence, and of Constance, 
 undaunted even in the hour of supremest agony, when 
 contrasted with the heroines of gentler mood, — with the 
 duteous Ellen, the self-sacrificing Isabel, the hardly tried 
 Clare and Edith, and, we may even add, the witching 
 Lady Heron. 
 
 If we pass on to the novels, " they are all one reckon- 
 ings, save the phrase is a little variations." For it can 
 hardly be doubted that no small or unimportant part of 
 their fascination is due to the presence in them also of 
 the poetical element, of qualities identical in character, 
 though different in degree and manifestation, with those 
 that charm us in the poems. We find the same anima-
 
 18G LIFE OF 
 
 tion of action, the same truth and vigour in the delineation 
 of character, the same vividness in the description of 
 scenery, the same lofty tone of purity and honour, while 
 to all these varied excellences is added a rich humour, 
 for the indulgence of which the poems did not afford 
 equal scope, but which is so prominent a feature in many 
 of the novels that it was evidently as much a part of 
 Scott's intellect as any of its higher attributes. 
 
 Byron when, as we have seen, he described Scott as 
 especially " the poet of Princes," could not have antici- 
 pated that humbler prose could ever rival the pictures 
 of the victorious Bruce, or the chivalrous James. And 
 that man must have been very confident in his strength, 
 who undertook to portray in prose princes so widely 
 different as the Lion-hearted Richard, and the most un- 
 warlike Ren£, king of the Troubadours and of few other 
 subjects; the rash and reckless Charles of Burgundy, and 
 the crafty unscrupulous Louis ; the graceful gallant 
 Chevalier, leading his followers to triumph at Preston, 
 and his pedantic ancestor with his unkingly tremors and 
 practical jokes ; Mary, the Queen of all Hearts ; and 
 the haughty, politic Elizabeth, in whom strength and 
 weakness were so strangely blended, and yet whose very 
 weakness contributed to the maintenance and strengthen- 
 ing of her authority. 
 
 But it was in his personages of inferior dignity that 
 his inventive originality, and the richness of his humour, 
 were more abundantly displayed. Our limited space 
 forbids us to dwell on them as fully as our inclination 
 would prompt. It must suffice to say that they are 
 drawn from every rank and class of society, and that
 
 SCOTT. 187 
 
 there are scarcely any two between whom the slightest 
 likeness can be traced. Even where there is one point 
 of resemblance, ,the difference in every other only serves 
 to show the discriminating power of the artist in a 
 stronger light. Except in loyalty to their sovereign, or to 
 him whom they recognise as such, who can be more 
 different than Sir Henry Lee, the Baron, and Rcdgaunt- 
 let ? or, in the gentler sex, than Lady Derby, Lady Mar- 
 garet Bellenden, Catherine Seyton, Alice Lee, and Die 
 Vernon? Again, the Highland chieftains, Fergus and Rob 
 Roy ; the Nabobs, Colonel Mannering and Touchwood ; 
 the villains, Varney, Christian, Rashleigh Osbaldeston, and 
 Glossin — all present the greatest diversity of character 
 and conduct. Nay, the one quality of humour itself 
 we find displayed with the most fertile variety. We have 
 it delicate in the Baron; in Oldbuck; in that prince of 
 advocates, PaulusPleydell; in the elder Osbaldeston, with 
 his disdain of verse-making, and his faithful clerk, Owen, 
 in similarly commercial spirit, reducing " the golden rule 
 of moral conduct to the arithmetical form of the Rule of 
 Three : let A do to B as he would have B do to him, 
 the product will give the rule of conduct required." We 
 have it again, in its most laughter-provoking breadth, in the 
 Baillie ; in the Dominie ; in that model of military adven- 
 turers, the follower of the immortal Gustavus, and Laird 
 of Drumthwacket, Major Dugald Dalgetty; and in the 
 servants, Richie, and Caleb Balderstone, with their lying 
 excuses and exaggerations, designed for the upholding of 
 their master's credit ; and Andrew Fairservice, whose 
 maxim that service is no inheritance leads him to prefer his 
 own interests to his master's reputation in a way that
 
 1S8 LIFE OF 
 
 brings him in no slight danger of a halter. We have it 
 also in entire scenes : in the old bedesman's demolition 
 of the antiquary's pride in the identification of the Kaim 
 of Kimprunes with the Prastorium of Julius Agricola ; 
 in Rob Roy's invasion of Justice Inglewood's dining and 
 justice-room — an episode of richest comedy, to be here- 
 after refened to more particularly when we deal with 
 Scott's humour as a whole ; and in others too nume- 
 rous to recapitulate, but which will readily occur to the 
 memory of every reader. All alike attest the rich fertility 
 of the author's invention, and his masterly skill in carry- 
 ing out his conceptions. 
 
 It must be added that the whole series of the novels, 
 as of the poems, is invested with a peculiar and all-per- 
 vading grace, with a genial cheerfulness of spirit, and an 
 uniformly high manly tone of feeling, whether chivalrous, 
 patriotic, or sentimental, which make them all the 
 healthiest study for the young, as they are likewise the 
 most welcome and attractive of relaxations to those of 
 riper age and more mature judgement. 
 
 Even Jeffrey, the least sympathetic of critics, was 
 compelled to acknowledge the Homeric vigour of 
 "the tale of Flodden Field." That of Bannockburn, 
 if inferior to it (which, indeed, has sometimes been 
 denied), certainly yields to no other picture of warlike 
 deeds since Hector forced his way through the gates 
 of the camp of the Greeks, and threatened their ileet 
 with destruction, and Achilles in his turn pursued 
 Hector round the walls of Troy. It would generally 
 be thought more difficult to infuse such spirit and fire 
 into a prose description ; but with Scott, as with all
 
 SCOTT. 189 
 
 whose powers are of the very highest class, the very- 
 greatness of a difficulty begets an increased ability to 
 surmount it. The description of the destruction of 
 Edward's cavalry at Bannockburn might be thought to 
 defy all rivalry — 
 
 " Rushing, ten thousand horsemen came, 
 With spears in rest, and hearts on flame, 
 
 That panted for the shock ! 
 With waving crests, and banners spread, 
 And trumpet clang and clamour dread ; 
 The wide plain thunder'd to their tread 
 
 As far as Stirling rock ! 
 Down, down, in headlong overthrow, 
 Horsemen and horse, the foremost go 
 
 Wild floundering on the field ! 
 The first are in destruction's gorge, 
 Their followers wildly o'er them urge, — 
 
 The knightly helm and shield, 
 The mail, the acton, and the spear, 
 Strong hands, high hearts, are useless here. 
 Loud from the mass confused the cry 
 Of dying warriors swells on high, 
 And steeds that shriek in agony : 
 They came like mountain torrent red, 
 That thunders o'er its rocky bed ; 
 They broke like that same torrent's wave, 
 When, swallowed by some darksome cave, 
 Billows on billows burst and boil, 
 Maintaining still the stern turmoil ; 
 And to their wild and tortured groan 
 Each adds new terrors of his own." 
 
 But spirit-stirring as this is, it may not unequally be 
 matched with the overthrow of Charles of Burgundy at 
 Granson, as told by Sigismund Biederman, whose prosaic
 
 190 LIFE OF 
 
 nature was roused into eloquence by the thought of the 
 unprecedented triumph, and of the share he himself had 
 borne in it. 
 
 " Oh, good Arthur, you would have given ten years of 
 life but to have seen the sight ! There were thousands 
 of horse, all in complete array, glancing against the sun ; 
 and hundreds of knights with crowns of gold and silver 
 on their helmets. . . . Suddenly the cannon were 
 silent, and the earth shook with another and continued 
 growl and battering, like thunder under ground. It was 
 the men-at-arms rushing to charge us. But our leaders 
 knew their trade, and had seen such a sight before ! It 
 was ' Halt ! halt ! Kneel down in the front, stoop in the 
 second rank ; close shoulder to shoulder like brethren ; 
 lean all spears forward, and receive them like an iron 
 wall ! ' On they rushed, and there was a rending of 
 lances that would have served the Unterwalden old 
 women with splinters of firewood for a twelvemonth. 
 Down went armed horse — down went accoutred knight — 
 down went banner and bannerman — down went peaked 
 boot and crowned helmet ; and of those who fell not a 
 man escaped with life. So they drew off in confusion, 
 and were getting in order to charge again, when the noble 
 Duke Ferrand and his horsemen dashed at them in their 
 own way, and we moved onward to support them. Thus 
 on we pressed; and the foot hardly waited for us, seeing 
 their cavalry so handled. . . . Hundreds were 
 slain unresisting, and the whole army was in complete 
 flight."
 
 SCOTT. 191 
 
 The various masterpieces of description of scenery in the 
 poems are so stamped on the memory of all readers, that 
 we abstain from doing more than referring to them. 
 Prose writers in general seem to have abandoned the idea 
 of making such pictures effective ; but Scott, whether in 
 prose or verse, was equally at home with inanimate as 
 with living subjects ; equally, also with the pleasing and 
 the terrible. Delicately varied was the beauty of Flora's 
 sylvan boudoir, to which " the path ascended rapidly from 
 the edge of the brook, and the glen widened into a 
 sylvan amphitheatre, waving with birch, young oaks, and 
 hazels, with here and there a scattered yew tree. The 
 rocks now receded, but still showed their grey and shaggy 
 crests rising among the copsewood. Still higher rose 
 eminences and peaks, some bare, some clothed with 
 wood, some round and purple with heath, and others 
 splintered into rocks and crags. At a short turning the 
 path, which had for some furlongs lost sight of the brook, 
 suddenly placed Waverley in front of a romantic water- 
 fall. It was not so remarkable for great height or 
 quantity of waters as for the beautiful accompaniments 
 which made the spot interesting. After a broken cataract 
 of about twenty feet, the stream was received in a large 
 natural basin, filled to the brim with water, which, when 
 the bubbles of the fall subsided, was so exquisitely clear 
 that, though it was of great depth, the eye could discern 
 each pebble at the bottom. Eddying round this reser- 
 voir, the brook found its way over a broken part of the 
 ledge, and formed a second fall, which seemed to seek 
 out the very abyss ; then wheeling out from among the 
 smooth dark rocks which it had polished for ages, it
 
 192 LIFE OF 
 
 wandered murmuring down the glen, forming the stream 
 up which Waverley had just ascended." 
 
 A fearful contrast to a spot so formed by nature, as 
 might be fancied, for a lady's bower, are the passes, if 
 they may be so called, of the Alps. And that along 
 which the Philipsons were proceeding, after they left 
 Lucerne, was unexpectedly found to have been made im- 
 passable by an earthslip, which had carried the road 
 itself away, and hurled it down into a stream several 
 hundred feet below. " The immediate cause of this 
 phenomenon might have been an earthquake, not un- 
 frequent in that country. The bank of earth, now a 
 confused mass of ruins inverted in its fall, showed some 
 trees growing in a horizontal position, and others, which, 
 having pitched on their heads in their descent, were at 
 once inverted and shattered to pieces, and lay a sport to 
 the streams of the river, which they had heretofore 
 covered with gloomy shadow. The gaunt precipice 
 which remained behind, like the skeleton of some huge 
 monster divested of its flesh, formed the wall of a fearful 
 abyss, resembling the face of a newly-wrought quarry, 
 more dismal of aspect from the rawness of its recent 
 formation, and from its being as yet uncovered with any 
 of the vegetation with which nature speedily mantles 
 over the bare surface even of her sternest crags and 
 precipices." 
 
 Surely, even if there had been no " Lay," no " Lady of 
 the Lake," no " Lord of the Isles," such word-painting of 
 such subjects would have entitled the author, like Mr. 
 Oldbuck, "to pretend to some poetical genius," and may 
 well bear out the opinion that, among the attractions of
 
 SCOTT. 193 
 
 the novels, one, and that not the least, is the large infusion 
 into them of the poetical element. 
 
 But something higher than the very richest descriptive 
 poetry is needed to warrant the author's claim to the pre- 
 eminence which is here assigned to him. In the poems 
 we have already seen that that want is richly supplied by 
 the consummate and varied excellence of his female 
 portraits, to which we have endeavoured to do justice in 
 a former chapter. We may venture to say that that 
 excellence is at least equally conspicuous in the novels. 
 Exquisite as are the pictures of Ellen Douglas, of Edith 
 of Lorn, of Isabel Bruce, and the other heroines of the 
 poems, they are fully equalled, to say the very least, by the 
 high-minded Flora ; the equally loyal and unselfish but 
 more fortunate Catherine Seyton ; the bewitching Die 
 Vernon, Edith Bellenden, Anne of Geierstein, and 
 Alice Lee, perhaps the most fascinating of all — the 
 whole, whether in prose or verse, whether matrons or 
 maids, forming a gallery of portraits of which it is suf- 
 ficient to say that the perfection of the execution is 
 worthy of the high purity of the conception. Even 
 women in a lower sphere of life are delineated with a 
 care and delicacy that betoken Scott's wide and keen 
 sympathy with every kind of excellence ; with the 
 unswerving truthfulness, the unsparing sisterly affection 
 of Jeanie Deans, the almost saintly purity of Catherine 
 Glover ; while, even the grim Martha Trapbois is in- 
 vested with interest, if we might not even say with some 
 degree of attractiveness, by her strong shrewd sense, 
 her scrupulous honesty, and her filial reverence for her 
 father's memory. 
 
 '3
 
 194 LIFE OF 
 
 In a former chapter humour has been mentioned as 
 more conspicuous, because more appropriate, in the 
 novels than in the poems. Humour, that is, as distin- 
 guished from wit, which, if the difference between them 
 be rightly understood, was not the kind of pleasantry in 
 which Scott, though far from deficient in it, was most apt 
 to indulge. But, of the two, humour seems the higher 
 quality. Wit is verbal, conversant with language ; com- 
 bining terseness and keenness of expression with nicety 
 of observation ; humour has, comparatively speaking, 
 little to do with language, and is of different kinds, 
 varying with the class of composition in which it 
 is found. In one of his " Imaginary Conversations," 
 Landor remarks, " It is no uncommon thing to hear 
 ' such an one has humour rather than wit ; ' here 
 the expression can only mean pleasantry ; for whoever 
 has humour has wit, although it does not follow that 
 whoever has wit has humour. Humour is wit apper- 
 taining to character ; and indulges in br.adth of drollery 
 rather than in play or brilliancy of po.nt. Wit vibrates 
 and spirts ; humour springs up exuberantly, as from a 
 fountain, and runs on. . . . The French have little 
 humour, because they have little character. They excel 
 all nations in wit, because of their levity and sharpness." 
 The critic's view of humour, that it " appertains to 
 character" it is surely not too much to say, is more 
 fully and richly illustrated by Scott than by any other 
 writer in the language since Shakespeare. And here 
 again it may be remarked that of the various person- 
 ages who may throughout be regarded as strikingly ex- 
 emplifying this quality, no two resemble one another in
 
 SCOTT. 195 
 
 the very minutest point. To begin with the beginning, 
 with " Waverley," as the first of the novels, the Earon, for 
 delicacy of drawing, was perhaps never surpassed in 
 any subsequent tale. Sir Roger de Coverlcy is often 
 extolled as the masterpiece of Addison. As a high- 
 bred gentleman the Baron is fully his equal, the pecu- 
 liarities of neither derogating in the least from their 
 character as such ; while he is superior to him as a man 
 of action, and also as guiding his conduct not by what 
 others think of, or expect from him, but by what is due 
 to his own dignity, and the honour of his family, and 
 his ancestral privileges. The Antiquary is conceived in 
 a very different, though nowise inferior, vein of humour ; 
 and he is the more interesting, inasmuch as we can hardly 
 doubt that the author was in some points, perhaps, 
 not unconsciously, painting himself. Time and space 
 would fail us to do justice to the immortal Baillie, whether 
 embarrassed by his kinsman's unexpected presence in the 
 Tolbooth, singeing " Garschattachin's plaid with redhot 
 coulter, or divested of hat and periwig, and hanging in the 
 air by the middle like bawdrons, or a cloak flung over a 
 cloak-pin." The Baillie was apparently one of the author's 
 own chief favourites ; but still higher praise will probably 
 be thought due to the conception of the ci-devant officer 
 of the great Gustavus, the immortal Dalgetty ; equally 
 diverting in the narrative of his experiences in the armies 
 of Germany, Spain, and Holland ; in his dealings with his 
 new friends and allies at Darlinvarach ; in the lectures 
 on the fortification of Ardenvohr which he bestows on 
 Sir Duncan ; and, above all, in his detection of the 
 treacherous Argyll, and his substitution of the Mar-
 
 19G LIFE OF 
 
 quis for himself in his own dungeon at Inverary. 
 Even " St. Ronan's Well," though a mere novel of 
 society, and as such not claiming to stand on the same 
 level with works of a higher class, is enlivened with 
 more than one richly humorous delineation, and of most 
 varied character ; such as the sentimental Lady Pene- 
 lope ; that model of landladies, Meg Dods, insisting 
 on her right to " a corpus delicti, a habeas corpus^ or any 
 other corpus that she liked, so long as she was ready to 
 lick and lay down the ready siller;" the ladies being 
 matched by Mr. Cargill the most absent of learned 
 divines, and the equally original occupant of Mrs. Dods' 
 blue room, the " Nabob." 
 
 In these instances the humour pervades the whole 
 conception of the character. Elsewhere we find some 
 single scene or incident equally provocative of amuse- 
 ment, as in the meeting at Justice Inglewood's, already 
 mentioned, where " the frightened craven, Morris, was 
 scared out of his seven senses by seeing the real man 
 while he was charging the innocent stranger, and the 
 gowk of a clerk, and the drunken carle of a justice" — 
 a scene which Rob Roy could not recollect without a 
 laughter that stifled his pity for Morris's end by " the ill- 
 fared accident at the Loch." Still more irresistible is 
 the delight of King James when he makes "jingling 
 Geordie stare as if he took his native prince for a war- 
 lock," by producing the long-lost carcanet of rubies, the 
 discovery of which the worthy goldsmith had just pro- 
 nounced to be impossible. 
 
 Again, if we would find a parallel to these humorous 
 pictures, we have but one author in our language to whom
 
 SCOTT. 107 
 
 we can look, viz., to him who drew Falstaffand hlucllen ; 
 Touchstone with his "lie seven times removed," and the 
 corresponding number of retorts, quips, replies, reproofs, 
 and counter-checks, and the conclusion consequent on 
 them all, the praise of "If" as the only peacemaker; 
 Mrs. Quickly with her encouragement to the fat knight 
 on his death-bed ; Bottom roaring like any sucking- 
 dove; Slender sighing, but sighing in vain, for sweet 
 but mischievous Anne Tage ; Benedict converted 
 from his resolution to die a bachelor ; and Rosalind 
 tricking Phoebe and Silvius into their mutual happi- 
 ness. 
 
 Such was Scott as an author. It remains to 
 speak of him as a man. In the preceding chapters 
 we have obtained some insight into his tastes and 
 habits. The duties of his legal office confined him 
 for a part of the year to Edinburgh, " his own roman- 
 tic town." But all his time, when his own master, was 
 given to Abbotsford. And it is chiefly there that we 
 must look if we would know what manner of man he 
 was. We must think of him, not so much in his pursuits 
 as a sportsman, nor in the judicious energy he displayed 
 in the improvement of his estate, which, in the compara- 
 tively short period of a single generation, his judgement 
 converted from a bleak plain, with no attraction for the 
 eye but the neighbourhood of the river, into a fertile 
 domain, studded with pictureseque, and at the same 
 time profitable, plantations. A more genuine test of 
 character is afforded by a man's intercourse with the 
 outer w r orld ; that is, with others ; first with his own 
 relations, and secondly with his friends and acquaint-
 
 198 LIFE OF 
 
 ances, more or less intimate, at home or abroad. And it 
 is therefore with a survey of Scott as the head of a family, 
 and as a member of general society, that we may fitly 
 conclude the present sketch. 
 
 Moore has pleaded, as an excuse for the least excusable 
 part of the conduct of Byron, that a faithful discharge of 
 domestic and family duties is inconsistent with " the 
 poetical temperament." How little Scott stood in need 
 of such an argument in his behalf, is shown by his letters 
 to his wife and children, including his daughter-indaw, 
 which Lockhart has given with a judicious liberality. I 
 will only venture to quote some passages from one to his 
 younger son Charles, then at a private tutor's in Wales, as 
 a specimen of the manner in which he earnestly inculcates 
 good advice as to the prosecution of his studies, while at 
 the same time he mingles with graver subjects a mention 
 of other pursuits in which he is far from desiring the 
 youth not to indulge in moderation : " I am glad to hear 
 you are attending closely to your studies to make up for 
 lost time. Sport is a good thing both for health and 
 pastime ; but you must never allow it to interfere with 
 serious study. You have, my dear boy, your own future 
 to make with better assistance than I had when the world 
 first opened on me. And I assure you that had I not 
 given some attention to learning (I have often regretted 
 that from want of opportunity, indifferent health, and 
 some indolence, I didn't do all I might have done), my 
 own situation, and the advantages I may be able to pro- 
 cure for you, would have been very much bounded. 
 Consider therefore study as the principal object. Many 
 men have read and written their way to independence
 
 SCOTT. 199 
 
 and fame, but no man ever gained it by exclusive atten- 
 tion to exercises or pleasures of any sort. . . . Our 
 Abbolsford hunt went off very well. We killed seven hares, 
 I think, and our dogs behaved very well. A large 
 party dined, and we sat down about twenty-five at table. 
 Every gentleman present sang a song taut bicn que via/, 
 excepting Walter, Lockhart, and I myself" — (these last 
 sentences are more like the gossip of a friend on terms 
 of equality, introduced as a pleasing variety to the grave 
 counsels, and presently he proceeds) . . " Read, my 
 dear, read that which is useful. Man only differs from 
 birds and beasts because he has the means of availing 
 himself of the knowledge acquired by his predecessors. 
 The swallow builds the same nest which its father and 
 mother built, and the sparrow does not improve by the 
 experience of its parents. The son of the learned pig, if 
 it had one, would be a mere brute, fit only to make 
 bacon of. It is not so with the human race. Our 
 ancestors lodged in caves and wigwams, where we construct 
 palaces for the rich, and comfortable dwellings for the 
 poor. And why is this, but because our eye is enabled 
 to look back upon the past, to improve upon our ances- 
 tors' improvements, and to avoid their errors. This can 
 only be done by studying history, and comparing it with 
 passing events. God has given you a strong memory, 
 and the power of understanding that which you give your 
 mind to with attention : but all the advantages to be 
 derived from these qualities must depend on your own 
 determination to avail yourself of them, and improve 
 them to the uttermost. That you should do so will be 
 the greatest satisfaction I can receive in my advanced
 
 2(10 LIFE OF 
 
 life, and when my thoughts might be entirely turned on 
 the success of my children." Me felt that the authority 
 of a parent is strengthened when the guidance that youth 
 requires comes as the advice of a friend, rather than as 
 the command of a taskmaster. 
 
 To others, of every rank, he was the most engaging of 
 companions ; often, in cases of necessity, the most judicious 
 and active of friends. And to none did he appear to greater 
 advantage than to his guests. Of such, in the latter days 
 of his prosperity, he had a constant stream ; and to them 
 he was the cordial host, whose courteous manner and zeal 
 for their amusement showed that the exercise of hospi- 
 tality was a genuine pleasure. To his poorer neighbours, 
 and especially to his own dependents, his uniform kind- 
 ness and playful peculiarity endeared him, so that one and 
 all regarded him as a friend even more than as a master. 
 And this feeling was, if possible, strengthened by their 
 affection for his admirable wife, the Lady Bountiful of 
 the district, to whom all who were sick, or needy, or in 
 any kind of distress, never applied in vain for consolation 
 or for assistance. 
 
 Above all, we would point to his relations with his 
 brother authors. No man was ever more free from 
 all jealousy towards those who might be considered 
 rivals. And his was not a mere passive good nature, but 
 a cordial, genial friendship. There was no sort of ability 
 which he failed to appreciate. Wordsworth and Moore, 
 widely different as they were, were greeted with equal 
 warmth; as also were Southey the rigid Tory, and Hallam 
 the champion of the Whigs. Foreigners fared equally 
 well. He corresponded with Goethe, and Washington
 
 SCOTT. '201 
 
 Irving, the latter of whom sent home to America a glow- 
 ing account of the happy days he spent on the banks of 
 the Tweed. Byron never returned to Scotland after the 
 days of his childhood, but that there was no one to whom 
 the doors of Abbotsford would have been more gladly 
 opened may be seen in his correspondence, and in the 
 zeal with which Scott more than once stood up in the 
 defence of his works and of himself in the Quarterly: 
 though a man of less generosity of soul might have felt, 
 if not envy, at least some soreness at the recollection 
 of the degree in which the popularity of his own Scotch 
 poems had been overshadowed by the preference of 
 the public for the Eastern talcs of his younger rival. 
 It may easily be supposed that many whom he did 
 not himself seek out, sought him, and to those who 
 hoped to rise by their literary talents, but to whom nature, 
 or it might be fortune, had been less propitious, his 
 car was never closed. Mis sympathy with their aspira- 
 tions and hopes was shown in warmth of encouragement, 
 when encouragement seemed judicious ; in other cases 
 by advice, and not unfrequently by gifts from his 
 purse. 
 
 Mr. Lockhart has given a great number of his letters 
 to correspondents of all classes : and he did well, since no 
 stronger or more trustworthy evidence of a man's real dis- 
 position can be produced than his unstudied and confi- 
 dential correspondence ; and it is not too much to say 
 that the whole body of Scott's letters does not contain one 
 unfriendly or ill-natured sentence. The impression which 
 they cannot fail to leave is that there never was a man 
 whom one would have been more glad to know. And it
 
 202 LIFE OF SCOTT. 
 
 must strengthen our respect for the brilliancy of his 
 genius, when we see that he on whom all intellectual 
 endowments, fancy, humour, invention, were so prodigally 
 bestowed, was also one of the most lovable of mankind. 
 
 The End
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Abbotsford purchased by Scott, 
 58 ; improvements at, 98, 99 
 
 Ashestiel, rented by Scott, 32 , 
 removal therefrom, 59 
 
 Austen, Miss, Scott's admiration 
 of her novels, 137 
 
 B. 
 
 Baillie, Joanna, Scott corresponds 
 with, 45, 54 
 
 Ballantyne, Scott's first connex- 
 ion with, 17 ; becomes bank- 
 rupt, 156, 157 
 
 Bernadotte, King of Sweden, 
 sends Scott some documents 
 relating to Napoleon, 165 
 
 Butler, his Hudibras octosyllabic, 
 
 25 
 
 Byron adopts the octosyllabic 
 metre in many poems, 53 ; criti- 
 cises " Marmion " in "English 
 Bards and Scotch Reviesvers," 
 55 ; corresponds with Scott, 61, 
 62 ; meets him in London, 88 
 
 Campbell admires the " Lay," 22 
 Canning, Scott becomes acquain- 
 ted with, 46 
 Coleridge's "Ancient Mariner," 
 
 24 
 Conington, Professor, classes 
 
 '' Marmion" asa "minor epic," 
 
 40 
 Coutts, Mrs., at Abbotsford, 143- 
 
 144 
 Crabbe, author of " The Village, ' ' 
 
 24 
 Croker, J. W., Scott becomes 
 acquainted with, 46 
 
 D. 
 Davy, Sir Humphry, 106 ; visits 
 
 Scott at Abbotsford, 144 
 " Dryden," edited by Scott, 30, 31 
 Dundee (Claverhouse), Scott's ad- 
 miration for, 97 
 
 E. 
 Edgeworth, Miss, her Irish novels,
 
 204 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 80, 138 ; visits Scott at Abbots- 
 ford, 1 1 1 
 
 Edinburgh Revino, The, con- 
 demns the " Lay," 21 
 
 Ellis, Mr. G. , Scott corresponds 
 with, 29 ; his opinion of the 
 " Lay " and of " Marmion," 35, 
 36 
 
 Engleficld, Sir II., admires the 
 " Lay," 22 
 
 Ferrier, Miss, Scott's admiration 
 of her novels, 138 
 
 Fox admires the "Lay," 22; 
 Scott is accused of injustice H>, 
 38, 39 ; his exultation over Bur- 
 goyne's surrender at Saratoga, 
 
 39 
 Frere, J. H., Scott becomes ac- 
 quainted with, 46 
 
 G. 
 
 Gay, his Fables octosyllabic, 25 
 George, Prince of Wales and 
 
 Regent, afterwards George IV., 
 
 praises Scott to Byron, 60-62 ; 
 
 invites Scott to dinner, 89; visits 
 
 Scotland, 126, 127; restores the 
 
 rank, &c, of the Scotch Jacobite 
 
 nobles, 127, 128 
 Goethe, death of, 178 
 Gourgaud, General, is offended 
 
 by passages in Scott's " Life of 
 
 Napoleon," 170 
 Graham, Sir James, gives Scott a 
 
 passage to the Mediterranean 
 
 in the Barham, 176 
 Gustavus, Prince of Sweden, 
 
 visits Scott at Abbotsford, 143 
 
 II. 
 
 Hall, Captain Basil, visits Scott 
 
 at Abbotsford, 144-146 
 Hogg (the Ettrick Shepherd) 
 
 covets a commission in the 
 
 militia, 43 
 Horace, his fondness for the 
 
 Anio and Tibur, 141 
 
 J- 
 
 Jeffrey, editor of The Edinburgh 
 Review, 21 ; condemns the 
 "Lay," 21; and " Marmion," 
 36. 37 
 
 L. 
 
 "Lady of the Lake" published, 
 48 
 
 " Lay of the Last Minstrel" an- 
 nounced, 19 ; published, 20 
 
 Leopold, Prince, visits Scott at 
 Abbotsford, 143 
 
 Lewis, "Monk," Scott contributes 
 to his "Tales of Wonder," 17 
 
 M. 
 
 Macdonald, Marshal, gives Scott 
 information about Napoleon, 
 163 
 
 " Marmion '' published, 35 ; com- 
 pared with the Iliad, 41 
 
 Milton, metre in " L' Allegro " oc- 
 tosyllabic, 25 
 
 Moore, T., visits Scott at Abbots- 
 ford, 144 
 
 Morritt of Rokeby, Scott's inti- 
 macy with, 46 
 
 Murray reports Byron's conversa- 
 tion with the Prince to Scott, 61
 
 INDEX. 
 
 205 
 
 Otway praised for his pathos, 83 
 
 Pitt admires the " Lay," 22 
 Platoff, his greeting of Scott, 91 
 Pozzo di Borgo, Count, furnishes 
 
 Scott with information about 
 
 Napoleon, 162 
 Purdie, Tom, Scott's bailiff at 
 
 Abbotsford, 93, 94 
 
 Quarterly Review, establishment 
 of, 43 
 
 Scott, Sir W., birth and education, 
 11-13 ; learns German, 15 ; 
 translates " Gotz vonBerlichin- 
 gen, v 16 ; marries Miss Carpen- 
 ter, 17 ; is appointed Sheriff- 
 Depute of Selkirkshire, 18 ; 
 publishes the " Border Min- 
 strelsy," 19 ; secures the rever- 
 sion of a Clerkship of Session, 
 28 ; edits Dryden's works, 30 ; 
 resides at Ashestiel, 32 ; be- 
 comes Quarter-master of the 
 Edinburgh Volunteer cavalry, 
 33 ; publishes " Marmion," 35 ; 
 undertakes to edit "Swift," and 
 also several other works, 42 ; 
 aids in the establishment of The 
 Quarterly Review, 43 ; visits 
 London and makes acquain- 
 tance with Canning and others, 
 
 46 , purchases Abbotsford and 
 moves thither, 58, 59 ; visits 
 Staffa, 54 ; corresponds with 
 Byron, 6i, 62; publishes " Roke- 
 by," 62; and "The Bridal of 
 Triermain,"64; declines the offer 
 of the post of Poet Laureate, 
 67 ; publishes " The Lord of 
 the Isles,'' 68 ; delicacy of his fe- 
 male portraits, 71-73; publishes 
 "Waverley," 77; "Guy Man- 
 nering," 84 ; is presented to the 
 Regent, 89 ; goes to Paris, pub- 
 lishes Paul's " Letters," gt, 92 ; 
 meets Platoff, 91 ; "The Anti- 
 quary," 95 , " The Tales of My 
 Landlord," 95, 96 ; has his first 
 attack of illness, 100 ; " Rob 
 Roy," 100 ; " The Heart of 
 Midlothian,"' 102 ; search for 
 and discovery of the Regalia, 
 
 104 ; " Bride of Lammermoor," 
 and "Legend of Montrose," 
 
 105 ; is made a Baronet, 106 ; 
 " Ivanhoe," 108 ; organizes a 
 body of sharpshooters, 111-112; 
 " The Monastery," 113 ; " The 
 Abbot," 115 ; " Kenilworth," 
 116 ; his view of the necessity 
 of precise historical accuracy, 
 117; comparison of " Kenil- 
 worth" with "Othello," 118, 
 119 ; " The Pirate," 121 ; 
 " Fortunes of Nigel," 122-124; 
 is present at the Coronation, 
 125 ; superintends the arrange- 
 ments for the visit of George 
 IV. to Edinburgh, 126 ; exerts 
 himself to procure the re- 
 versal of the Jacobite attain- 
 ders, 128; is attacked by apo- 
 plexy, 128 ; " Pevcril of the
 
 •200 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Peak," 129; " Quentin Dur- 
 ward,'' 132; "St. Ronan's 
 Well," 136-138; "Redgaunt- 
 let, " 138 ; extension and improve- 
 ments at Abbotsford, 140 ; con- 
 templatesa "Life of Napoleon," 
 149; "Woodstock," 150; "The 
 Fair Maid of Perth,'' 153 ; 
 " Anne of Geierstein," 153-155 ; 
 loses all his fortune by the 
 bankruptcy of Ballantyne, 156 ; 
 " Letters of Malachi Malagrow- 
 ther," 159; visits London and 
 Paris, 161-163; "Life of Napo- 
 leon " published, 166 ; exerts 
 himself against Reform Bill, 
 174 ; goes to Italy for change of 
 air, 175 ; has a last attack of 
 apoplexy at Nimeguen, 179 ; 
 reaches home, 179 ; dies, 180 ; 
 comparison of his Hovels with 
 
 his poems, 182, 183 ; his cha- 
 racter as a man, 198-201 
 
 Smith, Horace and James, the 
 " Rejected Addresses,'' 57 
 
 Smith, Sydney, on Scotch want of 
 scholarship, 37 
 
 Tyrtaeus lame like Scott, 53 
 
 W. 
 
 " Waverley " published, 77 
 Wellington, Duke of, furnishes 
 Scott with remarks on Napo- 
 leon's Russian campaign, 164 
 White, Lydia, bluest of blues, 47 
 Wordsworth admires the " Lay," 
 22 ; his opinion of Dryden, 31 ; 
 visits Scott at Abbotsford, 144
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN P. ANDERSON 
 
 (British Museum). 
 
 I. Prose Works. 
 II. Poetical Works. 
 
 III. Poetical and Dramatic 
 
 Works. 
 
 IV. Selections. 
 
 V. Miscellaneous. 
 VI. Supposititious Works. 
 
 VII. Appendix — 
 
 Biography, Criticism, etc. 
 Plays, etc., founded on 
 
 Scott's Works. 
 Songs, etc., set to Music. 
 Magazine Articles. 
 VIII. Chronological List op 
 Works. 
 
 I. PROSE WORKS. 
 
 The Miscellaneous Prose Works of 
 Sir Walter Scott. 6 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1827, 8vo. 
 
 The Prose Works of Sir W. S. 
 [With supplementary volume 
 containing notes, ... by the 
 author; glossary, etc.] 9 vols. 
 Paris, 1827-34, 8vo. 
 
 New edition, with notes 
 
 historical and illustrative. 
 8 vols. Paris [1840], 4to. 
 
 The Miscellaneous Prose Works of 
 Sir W. S. [Index. With 
 illustrations.] 30 vols. Lon- 
 don, 1834-71, 8vo. 
 
 Another edition. 3 vols. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1841-47, 8vo. 
 
 Novels and Tales (Waverley, Guy 
 Mannering, Antiquary, Rob 
 Roy, Black Dwarf, Old Mor- 
 tality, Heart of Midlothian, 
 BrHe of Laramermoor, Legend 
 of Montrose) of the author of 
 Waverley. 16 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Another edition. 12 vols. 
 
 Eilinhurgh, 1S23, 12mo. 
 
 Historical Romances (Ivanhoe, 
 Monastery, Abbot, Kenilworth), 
 of the author of Waverley. 
 8 vols. Edinburgh, 1822, 8vc. 
 
 Another edition. 6 vols. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1824, 12mo. 
 
 Novels and Romances (Pirate, 
 Fortunes of Nigel, Peverilof the 
 Peak, Quentin Durward) of the
 
 11 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 author of Waverley. 9 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1824, 8vo. 
 
 Novels and Romances. Another 
 edition. 7 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1825, 12mo. 
 
 Tales and Romances of the author 
 ofWaverley. (Introductions and 
 notes and illustrations to the 
 novels, tales, and romances of the 
 author of Waverley.) 20 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1827-33, 8vo. 
 
 Tales and Romances of the author 
 of Waverley. (Introductions 
 and notes and illustrations, 
 3 vols.) 16 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1828-33, 12mo. 
 
 Novels, Tales and Romances. By 
 Sir W. S. Abridged and illus- 
 trated by S. Percy. Vol. 1. 
 London [1828], 8vo. 
 No more published. 
 
 Waverley Novels. [Parker's 
 second edition.] 43 vols. Bos- 
 ton [U.S.], 1829, 8vo. 
 
 Waverley Novels. Author's 
 Favourite Edition. [With illus- 
 trations.] 48 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1830-34, 8vo. 
 
 This edition is stereotyped, and is 
 illustrated by 96 steel plat* -. 
 
 Waverley Novels. [Cabinet Edi- 
 tion.] 25 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1841-43, 8vo. 
 
 Stereot) ped, and illustr ited by 25 
 tvoodent vignette titles, portrait, 
 and fao-simue. 
 
 Waverley Novels. [Abbotsford 
 Edition.] 12 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1842-47, 8vo. 
 
 < lontains 120 steel and nearly 2000 
 wood engravings from Wilkie, 
 Landseer, Allan, Stanfield, Roberts, 
 etc. 
 
 Novels. [People's Edition.] With 
 introductions and notes. 5 vols. 
 Edinburgh, vo. 
 
 I <it> pel, and e i'-b volume has 
 a woodcut title-page after Harvey, 
 ami vol. i. a portrait of .Scott on 
 steel, an • mile. 
 
 Waverley Novels. [Library Edi 
 tion.] 25 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1852-53, 8vo. 
 
 Waverley Novels. [Railway Edi- 
 tion.] 25 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1854-60, Svo. 
 
 Waverley Novels. [Illustrated 
 Roxburgh e Edition.] 48 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1859-61. 
 
 Waverley Novels. [Shilling Edi- 
 tion.] 25 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1862-64, 12mo. 
 
 Waverley Novels. [Sixpenny 
 Edition.] 25 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1866-68, 8vo. 
 
 Waverley Novels. Centenary 
 Edition. 25 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1S70-71, Svo. 
 
 Waverley Novels. PocketEdition. 
 Edinburgh, 1873, etc., 16mo. 
 
 The Handy Volume " Waverley" 
 [Novels]. 25 vols. London, 
 1877, 16mo. 
 
 Edition de luxe of the Waverley 
 Novels. Illustrated with origi- 
 nal engravings by A. Marie, F. 
 Lix, M. Riou, and II. Scott. 
 London [1882, etc.], Svo. 
 
 The Waverley Novels. 13 vols. 
 London [18S3-S4], Svo. 
 
 The Black Dwarf, and A Legend 
 of Montroie. Edinburgh, 1S56, 
 Svo. 
 
 Another edition. With steel 
 
 plates from designs by G. 
 Cruiksbank and other artists. 
 London, 1875, 8vo. 
 
 Sir W. S.'s Novels. The Heart of 
 Midlothian, The Antiquary, 
 Qucntin Durward, Peverilof the 
 Peak, St. Ronan's Well. Lou- 
 don [1868], Svo. 
 
 Two Stories : The Monastery an 1 
 Tin Abbot. From the original 
 of Sir W. S. For children.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 in 
 
 2 parts. Privately printed. 
 
 Clapham, 1869, 16mo. 
 The Betrothed, and the Highland 
 
 Widow. With designs by F. 
 
 W. Topham and C. Fielding. 
 
 New edition, etc. London, 
 
 1876, 8vo. 
 The Black Dwarf, Chronicles of 
 
 the Canongate, and other tales. 
 
 With illustrations. London, 
 
 1879, 8vo. 
 The Surgeon's Daughter, Castle 
 
 Dangerous, and glossary. With 
 
 plates. London, 1876, 8vo. 
 Another edition. London, 
 
 1879, 8vo. 
 
 By the author of 
 3 vols. Edinburgh, 
 
 The Abbot. 
 Waverley. 
 
 1820, 12mo. 
 
 Other editions : London [186S], 
 8vo ; London, 1875, 8vo, with steel 
 plates from designs by G. Cruik- 
 shank ; London, 1878, 8vo, with 
 illustrations, 
 
 Anne of Geierstein ; or, The 
 Maiden of the Hist. By the 
 author of " Waverley."' etc. 
 3 vols. Edinburgh, 1829, 8vo. 
 Other editions : London, 1876, 
 8vo ; London, 1879, 8vo, with illus- 
 trations. 
 
 The Antiquary. By the author of 
 " Waverley " and " Guy 
 Mannering." 3 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1816, 12mo. 
 
 Other editions :— Berlin, 1S22, 
 8vo ; Edinburgh, 1854, 8vo ; London, 
 1875, 8vo, with plates from designs 
 by C. Cruikshank, etc. ; London, 
 1878, 8vo, with illustrations ; Lon- 
 don, [18S0], 8vo ; London [18S3], 8vo. 
 
 The Betrothed. See "Tales of 
 the Crusaders." 
 
 The Black Dwarf. See " Tales of 
 My Landlord," series i. 
 
 The Bride of Lammernioor. See 
 "Tales of My Landlord," series iii. 
 
 Castle Dangerous. See " Tales of 
 My Landlord," series iv. 
 
 Chronicles of the Canongate. 
 [First series. The Highland 
 Widow ; The Two Drovers ; 
 Tho Surgeon's Daughter.] 2 
 vols. Edinburgh, 1827, 8vo. 
 
 The introduction is subscribed 
 Walter Scott, and in it the author- 
 ship of the Waverley Novels is form- 
 ally avowed. 
 
 Chronicles of the Canongate. 
 Second series. [Saint Valen- 
 tine's Day ; or, The Fair Maid 
 of Perth.] 3 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1828, 8vo. 
 
 St. Valentine's Day ; or, The 
 
 Fair Maid of Perth. By the 
 author of " Waverley," etc., 
 forming the second series of 
 Chronicles of the Canongate. 
 Second edition. 3 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1828, 16mo. 
 
 A duplicate, with new title-pages 
 of the first edition, which was pub- 
 lished under the titleof " Chronicles 
 of the Canongate." 
 
 The Fair Maid of Perth. 
 
 With plates from designs by G. 
 
 Cruikshank and other artists. 
 
 New edition, with the author's 
 
 notes. London, 1876, 8vo. 
 Another edition, with illus 
 
 trations. London, 1878, 8vo. 
 Count Robert of Paris. See 
 
 "Tales 
 series iv. 
 The Fortunes 
 author of 
 
 of My Landlord," 
 
 of Nigel. By the 
 " Waverlev," etc. 
 
 3 vols. Edinburgh, 1822, 8vo. 
 
 —The Fortunes of Nigel. With 
 
 steel plates from designs by G. 
 Cruikshank. New edition, with 
 the author's notes. London, 
 1875, 8vo. 
 
 Another edition, with illus- 
 trations. London, 1878, 8vo. 
 
 Guy Mannering ; or, the Astro- 
 loger. By the author of 
 " Waverley." 3 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1815, 12 mo. 
 
 14
 
 IV 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 other editions : — Edinburgh, 
 W>4, Svo ; London [1876], Svo ; Lon- 
 don, 1878, Svo, with illustrations. 
 The Heart of Midlothian. See 
 "Talesof My Landlord, "series ii. 
 
 Other editions: — Edinburgh, 
 ]s.v., Svo ; London, 1875, 8vo, With 
 steel plates from designs by G. 
 ( i uikshank and other artists ; Lon- 
 don, 1>78, Svo, with illustrations ; 
 London [1SS4] Svo; London [1884], 
 8vo (CaxeeU'n Red Library). 
 
 The Highland Widow. See 
 
 "Chronicles of the Canongate," 
 series i. 
 
 Ivanhoe : a romance. By the 
 author of "Waverley." [The 
 preface signed Laurence Tem- 
 pleton.] 3 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1820, 8vo. 
 
 Second edition. 3 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1820, 8vo. 
 
 A duplicate of the first edition, 
 with the words "second edition" 
 added on the title-page. 
 
 Other editions : — Edinburgh, 1858, 
 8vo ; London, 1875, 8vo, with de- 
 signs by G. Cruikshank and other 
 artists ; London, 1877, 8vo, with 
 illustrations ; London, 1878, 8vo, 
 with illustrations; London [1880], 
 8vo , London [1SS2], 8vo; London 
 I], Svo, edited by A. Mackay. 
 
 ■ Ivanhoe. Condensed by R. 
 
 Johnson. New York, 1876, 8vo. 
 
 Phonographic edition, etc. 
 
 [Nankivell's Phonographic Li- 
 brary). 3 pts. Loudon, 1885, 
 16mo. 
 
 Kenilworth : a romance. By 
 the author of "Waverley." 3 
 vols. Edinburgh, 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Other editions: — London, 1875, 
 Svo, with steel plates from designs 
 by G. Cruikshank and other artists ; 
 London, 1877, Svo, with illustra- 
 tions; London [18S0], 8vo ; London 
 -::), Bvo. 
 
 Legend of Montrose. See "Tales 
 of My Landlord," series iii. 
 
 The Monastery : a romance. By 
 The author of " Waverley." 
 3 vols. Edinburgh, 1820, 12mo. I 
 
 Other editions: — London, 1876. 
 8vo, with designs by G. Cruikshank 
 and other artists ; London, 1S78, 
 Svo, with illustrations. 
 
 Old Mortality. See " Tales of My 
 Landlord," series i. 
 
 Other editions :— Edinburgh, 1855, 
 8vo ; London [1874], 8vo ; London, 
 1875, 8vo, with designs by G. Cruik- 
 shank and other artists ; London, 
 1878, 8vo, with illustrations ; Lon- 
 don [1884], Svo, CasnelVs lied 
 Library. 
 
 The Story of Old Mortality, 
 
 for Children, by S. 0. C. Edin- 
 burgh, 1872, 16nio. 
 
 Peveril of the Peak. By the 
 author of " Waverley." 4 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1822, Svo. 
 
 Other editions : — London, [1SG7], 
 8vo ; London [1S75], 8vo, with steel 
 plates from designs by G. Cruik- 
 shank ; London, 1879, Svo, with 
 illustrations. 
 
 The Pirate. By the author of 
 "Waverley." 3 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1822, 12tno. 
 
 Other editions :— Paris, 1822, 8vo, 
 3 vols. ; London, 1875, 8vo, with 
 steel plates from designs by G. 
 Cruikshank ; London, 1S79, 8vo, 
 with illustrations. 
 
 Quentin Durward. By the author 
 of " Waverley," etc. 3 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1823, 8vo. 
 
 Other editions : — London [18GS], 
 8vo ; London, 1875, Svo, with steel 
 plates from designs by G. Cruik- 
 shank ; London, 1878, 8vo, with 
 illustrations. 
 
 Redgauntlet ; a tale of the 
 eighteenth century. By the 
 author of "Waverley." 3 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1824, 8vo. 
 
 Other editions: — London, 1876, 
 8vo, with designs by G. Cruikshank 
 and other artists ; London, 1878, 
 8vo, with illustrations. 
 
 Rob Roy. By the author of 
 "Waverley." 3 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1818, 12ino. 
 
 Other editions: — Edinburgh, 1855, 
 8vo ; London, 1875, 8vo, with steel
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 plates from designs by ('•■ Cruik- 
 shank; London, 1878, 8vo, with 
 
 illustrations ; Manchester, 18s>7, 
 8vo. 
 
 St. Ronan'a Well. By the author 
 
 of " Waverley," etc. 3 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1824, 8vo. 
 
 Other editions ; -London <"• 
 8vo; London, 1875, 8vo, with designs 
 l>y O. Cruikshank and V. W. 
 
 Topbam; London, ls'9, Svo, with 
 illustrations. 
 
 The Surgeon's Daughter. See 
 " Chrouicles of the Canongate," 
 series i. 
 
 Tales of a Grandfather, being 
 Stories taken from Scottish 
 History. Humbly inscribed to 
 Hugh Littlejohn, Esq. 3 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1828, 12mo. 
 
 Second Series. 3 vols. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1S29, 12mo. 
 
 Third Series. 3 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1830, 12mo. 
 
 [Fourth Series.] Tales of 
 
 a Grandfather, being Stories 
 taken from the History of 
 France. Inscribed to Master 
 John Hugh Lockhatt. 3 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1831, 12mo. 
 
 Tales of My Landlord [first 
 series]. Collected and arranged 
 by Jedediah Cleishbotham [i.e., 
 Sir Walter Scott]. (The Black 
 Dwarf, Old Mortality. ) 4 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1816, 12mo. 
 
 Second edition. 4 vols. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1817, 12mo. 
 
 Third edition. 4 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1817, 12mo. 
 
 Fifth edition. 4 vols. 
 
 Edin- 
 burgh, 1819, 12mo. 
 
 — Second Series. (The Heart of 
 Midlothian.) 4 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1818, 12mo. 
 
 — Third Series. (The Bride of 
 Lammerraoor and The Legend of 
 Montrose.) 4 vols. Edinbu-gh, 
 1819, 12mo. 
 
 Tales of My Landlord. Fouith 
 an 1 last Series. (Count 
 Robert of Paris and Castle 
 Dangerous.) 4 vols. London, 
 1832, 12mo. 
 
 Tales of the Crusaders. By the 
 author of " Waverley." 4 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1825, 8vo. 
 
 Vols, i., ii.— The Betrothed. 
 Vols, iii , iv.— The Talisman. 
 
 The Talisman. See "Tales of 
 the Crusaders." 
 
 Other editions :— London, 1876, 
 8vo, with designs by G. Cruikshank 
 and 1'. W.Topham; London, Ins, svo, 
 with illustrations; London [is 
 8VO, Cii. -sell's Uud Library. 
 
 The Two Drovers. See "Chronicles 
 of the Canongate," series i. 
 
 Waverley; or, 'Tis Sixty Years 
 Since. 3 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1814, 12mo. 
 
 Fifth edition. 3 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1815, 12 mo. 
 
 Sixth edition. 3 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1816, 12mo. 
 
 Other editions :— Edinburgh, 1S54, 
 8vo; London [1S75], 8vo ; London, 
 1877, Svo, with illustrations; Lon- 
 don [1880], Svo ; London [1882], Svo. 
 
 Woodstock ; or, the Cavalier : a 
 tale of the year sixteen hundred 
 and fifty-one, by the author of 
 "Waverley." 3 vols. Edinburgh, 
 
 1826, Svo. 
 
 The proof sheets of this work, 
 with the author's autograph cor- 
 rections and additions, eighteen 
 letters to James Ballantyne written 
 during the progress of the work, 
 and Ballantyne's criticisms, are in 
 the Library of the British Museum. 
 
 Other editions:— London, 1876, 
 8vo, with designs by G. Cruikshank 
 and other artists ; London, 1879, 
 8vo, with illustrations. 
 
 II. POETICAL WORKS. 
 
 The Poetical Works of Walter 
 Scott [with the notes of the 
 author]. 12 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1820, 12mo.
 
 VI 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 The Poetical Works of Walter 
 Scott. Another edition [with 
 portrait]. 7 vols. Paris, 1821, 
 8vo. 
 
 Another edition. Paris, 
 
 1827, 8vo. 
 Another edition. 
 
 11 Vols. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1830, 12mo. 
 — Another edition, complete in 
 one volume. (Memoir, etc.) 
 Paris, 1831, 8vo. 
 -Another edition. [Edited by 
 
 J. G. L. — i.e., John Gibson Lock 
 hart. With an appendix.] 12 
 vols. Edinburgh, 1833-34, 8vo. 
 
 Contains 24 illustrations on steel 
 from Turner's drawings, designed 
 expressly for the edition, and two 
 facsimiles. 
 
 — Another edition. With all 
 his introductions and notes ; 
 also various readings, and the 
 editor's notes. [Edited by J. G. 
 h. — i.e., Lockhart]. Edin- 
 burgh, 1848, 8vo. 
 
 With an engraved title-page, 
 bearing date 1847. 
 
 — Another edition. With a life 
 of the author. London, 1850, 
 12mo. 
 
 — Another edition. With a 
 
 memoir of the author. Illus- 
 trated by engravings. Edin- 
 burgh, 1852, 8vo. 
 
 — Another edition, with life. 
 Edinburgh [1855], 8vo. 
 
 — The Poetical Works of Sir 
 
 W. S. With eight illustrations 
 by Corbould. (Boutledge's British 
 l J ods.) London, 1857, 8vo. 
 — Another edition. With a 
 memoir of the author. 9 vols. 
 Boston [U.S.], 1857, 8vo. 
 -Another edition. With 
 
 memoir and critical dissertation 
 by G. Gillillan. 3 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1S57, 8vo. 
 — Another edition. With a 
 
 memoir of thj author. Edin- 
 burgh, 1857, 8vo. 
 -Another edition. With all his 
 
 introductions, notes, various 
 readings, and notes by J. G. 
 Lockhart. Illustrated by nu- 
 merous engravings after J. M. 
 W. Turner, B. Poster, and J. 
 Gilbert. Edinburgh, 1857, 8vo. 
 — Another edition. With illus- 
 
 trations by K. Halswelle. (The 
 life of Sir W. Scott, by A. 
 Leighton.) Edinburgh, 1861, 
 8vo. 
 
 — Another edition. With me- 
 moir of the author. London, 
 1862, 8vo. 
 
 -Another edition, illustrated. 
 
 With memoir of the author. 
 London, 1864, 8vo. 
 — The Complete Poetical Works 
 of Piobert Burns and Sir Walter 
 Scott, illustrated with fine 
 steel portraits, etc. New 
 edition. London, 1866, 8vo. 
 
 Re-issued in 1872 in Blackwood's 
 Universal Library of Standard 
 Authors. 
 
 — The Globe Edition. With a 
 
 biographical and critical me- 
 moir by F. T. Palgrave. Lon- 
 don, 1866, 8vo. 
 
 — Another edition. (Lout- 
 ledges Cabinet Edition of the 
 Poets.) London [1868], 16mo. 
 
 — Another edition. Illustrated 
 
 by F. Gilbert. London, 1868, 
 8vo. 
 
 — The Globe Edition. With a 
 biographical and critical me 
 moir by F. T. Palgrave. Lou- 
 don, 1869, 8vo. 
 -Another edition. Edited, with 
 
 a critical memoir, by W. M. 
 Rossetti. Illustrated by T. 
 Seccombe. London, 1870, 8vo.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 vii 
 
 The Poetical Works of W. S. 
 
 Another edition. With me- 
 moir and critical dissertation. 
 {Cassell's Library Edition of the 
 British Poets.) 3 vols. London, 
 [1870-71], 8vo. 
 
 Another edition. With notes, 
 and life of the author. With il- 
 lustrations. London [1S72], 8vo. 
 
 ■ Another edition. [With an 
 
 introduction by the late W. 
 Spalding. Illustrated.] Edin- 
 burgh, 1872, 8vo. 
 
 Another edition. [Hani/;/ 
 
 Volume Edition.] 7 vols. Lon- 
 don, 1876, 16mo. 
 
 Another edition. With me- 
 moir of the author. London, 
 
 1S77, 8vo. 
 — Another 
 
 edition. London 
 [1878], 8vo. 
 
 — Another edition. [Miniature 
 Library of tlie Poets.) 2 vols. 
 Loudon, 1880, 16mo. 
 -Another edition. (Excelsior 
 
 S, ries.) London [1880], 8vo. 
 
 Another edition. With life, 
 
 etc. (The Landscape Series of 
 Poets.) Edinburgh [1881], 8vo. 
 
 - — Another edition. Edited, 
 with a critical memoir, by W. 
 M. Rossetti. Illustrated. Lon- 
 don [1882], 8vo. 
 
 Another edition. With illus- 
 trations. London, 1S82, Svo. 
 
 —Another edition. With pref- 
 atory notice, biographical and 
 critical, by W. Sharp. (The 
 Canterbury Poets.) 2 vols. 
 London, 1SS5-6, 16mo. 
 
 Poems. (Cassell's Miniature 
 
 Library of the Poets.) 2 vols. 
 London [1886], 16mo. 
 
 Poetical Works. Edited by 
 
 William Minto. 2 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1888 [1887], 8vo. 
 
 Ballads, Songs, and Poems. Lod 
 don, 1868, 8vo. 
 
 The Bridal of Triermain and 
 Harold the Dauntless. Two 
 Poems. Fourth edition. Edin- 
 burgh, 1819, 8vo. 
 
 Another edition. London, 
 
 1868, 8vo. 
 
 Glenlinlas and other ballads, etc. 
 With the Vision of Don 
 Roderick : a poem. Illustrated 
 with engravings from the 
 designs of R. Westall, etc. 
 London, 1812, Svo. 
 
 The Lay of the Last Minstrel and 
 the Lady of the Lake, with 
 introductions and notes by F. 
 T. Palgrave, etc. (Globe Read- 
 ings, etc.) London, 1883, 8vo. 
 
 The Lord of the Isles, Marmion, 
 and the Lay of the Last 
 Minstrel. Glasgow [1885], 
 32mo. 
 
 Marmion and the Lord of the 
 Isles, with introductions and 
 notes by F. T. Palgrave, etc. 
 (Globe Readings.) London, 
 18*83, Svo. 
 
 Miscellaneous Poems. Edinburgh, 
 1820, Svo. 
 
 The Select Poetical Works of Sir 
 W. S., comprising The Lay of 
 the Last Minstrel, Marmion, 
 The Lady of the Lake, ballads, 
 lvrical pieces, etc. Glasgow, 
 1838, 8vo. 
 
 The Select Poetical Works of Sir 
 W. S. Lay of the Last Minstrel, 
 Marmion, Lady of the Lake, 
 and Rokeby. [With the notes 
 of the author.] London, 1849, 
 8vo. 
 
 The Vision of Don Roderick, The 
 Field of Waterloo, and other 
 poems. [With notes.] Edin- 
 burgh, 1815, 8vo.
 
 Vlll 
 
 IUHLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 The Vision of Don Roderick, 
 Waterloo, etc. London, 1868, 
 8vo. 
 
 The Wavcrley Song Book ; or, 
 f-ongs and ballads of Sir W. S. 
 isgow [1871], 8vo. 
 
 Ballads and Lyrical Pieces. Edin- 
 burgh, 1806, 8vo. 
 
 '• Advertisement" — These ballads 
 have been already published in 
 different collections, some in The 
 Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, 
 others in The Tale* of Wonder, and 
 
 me in both these miscellanies. 
 They are now first collected into 
 one volume. The songs have been 
 written at different times for the 
 musical collections of Mr. (Jeorge 
 Thomson and Mr. White. 
 
 Second edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1806, 8vo. 
 
 Fourth edition. [With illus- 
 trations bv Westall.] Edin- 
 burgh, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 The Bridal of Triermain ; or, tlie 
 Vale of Sr. John. In three 
 cantos. Edinburgh, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Second edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1S13, 8vo. 
 
 Another edition. Phila- 
 delphia, 1813, 12mo. 
 
 Fifth edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1817, 12mo. 
 
 The Eve of Saint John. A Border 
 ballad. Kelso, 1800, 4to. 
 
 The Field of Waterloo. A poem. 
 Edinburgh, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Second edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Third edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1815, 8vo. 
 
 — Anotln r 
 
 edition. 
 
 Boston 
 
 [U.S.], 1815, 8vo. 
 Harold the Dauntless ; a poem in 
 six cantos. By the author of 
 "The Bridal of Triermain." 
 Edinburgh, 1817, 8vo. 
 
 The Lady of the Lake ; a poem. 
 (Notes.) Edinburgh, 1810, 4to. 
 
 Second edition. [Illustrated 
 
 with engravings from the 
 designs of R. Westall.] Edin- 
 burgh, 1810, 8vo. 
 
 There is a second title-page bear- 
 ing the date 1811. 
 
 -Another edition. [Illustrated 
 
 with engravings from paintings 
 by R. Codk. London, 1810, 
 4to. 
 
 With an engraved title-page also, 
 date 1811. 
 
 Fourth edition. (Notes.) 
 
 Edinburgh, 1810, 8vo. 
 
 - — Sixth edition. (Notes.) Edin- 
 burgh, 1810, 8vo. 
 
 — Eighth edition. [With en- 
 gravings from the designs of R, 
 Westall.] Edinburgh, 1810, 
 8vo. 
 
 There is also an engraved title, 
 page bearing the date 1811. 
 
 — Ninth edition. (Notes.) Edin- 
 burgh, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 — Eleventh edition. [With 
 notes.] Edinburgh, 1816, 8vo. 
 -Another edition. Edinburgh. 
 
 1821, 8vo. 
 — Another edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1S25, 8vo. 
 — Another edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1836, 8vo. 
 -Another edition, illustrated. 
 
 London, 1838, 12mo. 
 — Another edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1814, 24uio. 
 — Another edition, illustrated. 
 
 London, 1845, 8vo. 
 — Another edition. Konigsberg, 
 1850, 16mo. 
 -Another edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1851, 18mo. 
 
 — Another edition, with all his 
 
 introductions, various readings, 
 
 and the editor's notes. Illus-
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 IX 
 
 trated by numerous engravings 
 
 on wood from drawings by 1>. 
 
 Foster and J. Gilbert. Edin- 
 burgh, 1853, 8vo. 
 — ( Universal Library — Poetry, 
 
 vol. i.) London, 1853, 8vo. 
 — Another edition. Illustrated. 
 
 London, 1859, 8vo. 
 — Another edition. Dublin, 
 
 1862 [1861], 16mo. 
 — Another edition. [Illustrated 
 
 with photographs.] London, 
 
 1863, 4 to. 
 — Another edition. London, 
 
 1863, 16mo. 
 — Another edition. With notes. 
 
 London, 1868, 8vo. 
 — Another edition. [With 
 
 photographs by G. W. Wilson, 
 
 and illustrations by B. Foster, 
 
 Sir J. Gilbert, etc.] Edinburgh, 
 
 [1869], 8vo. 
 — Another edition. With notes 
 
 ami analytical and explanatory 
 
 index. Edinburgh, 1871, 8vo. 
 — Another edition. With life 
 
 and notes. London, 1872, 
 
 16mo. 
 — Another edition. Glasgow 
 
 [1883], 32mo. 
 — Another edition. Edited, with 
 
 notes, by W. J. Rolfe. With 
 
 illustrations. Boston [U. S.], 
 
 1885, 8vo. 
 — (Cassell's National Library, 
 
 vol. xiii.) Loudon, 1886, 8vo. 
 — With map and notes. (Collins's 
 
 English Classics.) London 
 
 [1886], 8vo. 
 — (Iloutledge's Pocket Library.) 
 
 London, 1887, 16mo. 
 The Lady of the Lake. [Canto 
 
 the first and fifth.] 2 parts. 
 
 London [1869], 8vo. 
 First Canto. {Annotated 
 
 Poems of English Authors, ed. 
 
 Stevens and Morris.) London, 
 1877, 8vo. 
 -Scott's Lady of the Lake. 
 
 307 lines from Canto First. 
 
 With life and notes. London, 
 
 1885, 8vo. 
 The Lay of the Last Minstrel, a 
 
 poem. London, 1805, 4to. 
 Third edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1806, 8vo. 
 -Fifth edition. London, 1806, 
 
 8vo. 
 — Sixth edition. [With notes.] 
 
 London, 1807, 8vo. 
 — Eighth edition. With ballads 
 
 and lyrical pieces. (Illustrated 
 with engravings from the 
 designs of R. Westall. ) London, 
 1808, 4to. 
 
 With engraved title-page ako, 
 dated 1809. 
 
 — Tenth edition. London, 1809, 
 8vo. 
 — Eleventh edition. 
 
 London, 
 
 London, 
 
 [With 
 
 notes.] London, 1816, 8vo. 
 — Another edition. Edinburgh, 
 1825, 12mo. 
 -Another edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1810, 8vo. 
 — Twelfth edition. 
 
 1811, 8vo. 
 — Fifteenth edition. 
 
 1836, 8vo. 
 — Another edition, illustrated, 
 
 London, 1838, 12mo. 
 — Another edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1844, 24mo. 
 
 — (Universal Library — Poetry, 
 vol. i. ) London, 1853, 8vo. 
 -Another edition, with all his 
 
 introductions, and the editor's 
 notes. Illlustrated by engrav- 
 ings from drawings by B. Foster 
 and J. Gilbert. Edinburgh, 
 1854, 8vo.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 The Lay of the Last Minstrel. 
 
 Another edition. With notes. 
 
 London, 1SG8, 8vo. 
 -Another edition. With photo- 
 
 graphic illustrations by R. Sed< 
 field. London, 1872 [1871], 4to. 
 — Another edition. With notes 
 and a chronological summary of 
 his life, and index. Edinburgh, 
 1872, 8vo. 
 -The Lay of the Last Minstrel 
 
 in six cantos. Edited by Suresh 
 
 Chandra Dev, with notes, etc. 
 
 Calcutta, 1880, 8vo. 
 — Another edition ; introduction 
 
 and cautoi., with notes. Edited 
 
 by W. T. Jellcott and G. J. 
 
 Tossell. London [1882], 8vo. 
 — Lay of the Last Minstrel, 
 
 introduction and canto i. 
 
 Edited by W. Minto {Clarendon 
 
 I'r ess Series). Cambridge, 1882, 
 
 8vo. 
 -Another edition. Cambridge, 
 
 1886, 8vo. 
 — Another edition. With life 
 
 and notes. London, 1885, 8vo. 
 — Another edition. Illustrated. 
 
 London, 1887 [1886], 8vo. 
 
 The Lord of the Isles, a poem in 
 six cantos, illustrated with 
 engravings from R. Westall. 
 London, 1815, 4to. 
 
 Fifth edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Another edition. With all 
 
 his introductions, and the edi- 
 tor's notes. Illustrated by 
 numerous engravings from 
 drawings by B. Foster and J. 
 Gilbert. Edinburgh, 1857, 8vo. 
 
 Another edition. With notes. 
 
 London, 1868, 8vo. 
 — Another edition. [With pho- 
 tographic illustrations by W. 
 R. Sedgfield and S. Thompson.] 
 London, 1871, 4to. 
 
 The Lord of the Isles. 
 
 Another edition. With notes 
 
 and analytical and explanatory 
 index. Edinburgh, 1871, 8vo. 
 
 Mannion: a tale of Flodden Field. 
 [Illustrated with engravings 
 from the designs of R. Westall ; 
 with notes to each canto.] Lon- 
 don, 1808. 4to. 
 
 With engraved title-page, dated 
 1809. 
 
 -Second edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1808, 8vo. 
 -Fifth edition. [Illustrated 
 
 with engravings, etc.] London, 
 
 1810, 8vo. 
 
 There is also an engraved title- 
 page. 
 
 -Seventh edition. [With en- 
 
 gravings from the designs of R. 
 Westall.] Edinburgh, 1811, 
 8vo. 
 
 An engraved title-page, and the 
 
 plates bear the date 1809. 
 — Eighth edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1811, 8vo. 
 — -Ninth edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1815, 8vo. 
 — Twelfth edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1825, 8vo. 
 — Another edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1836, 8vo. 
 -Another edition, illustrated. 
 
 London, 1838, 12mo. 
 — Another edition. Edinburgh, 
 1814, 24mo. 
 -Another edition, illustrated. 
 
 London, 1845, 8vo. 
 -Another edition, with all his 
 
 introductions, and the editor's 
 notes. Illustrated by engrav- 
 ings on wood from drawings by 
 Birket Foster and J. Gilbert. 
 Edinburgh, 1855 [1854], 8vo. 
 — Another edition. [With pho- 
 tographic illustrations by T. 
 Annan.] London, 1866, 4to.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY, 
 
 xi 
 
 Murmicin. 
 
 -Another edition. 
 
 With notes. 
 
 London, 1868, 8vo. 
 
 Another edition, with intro- 
 duction, notes, map, and glos- 
 sary, byE. C. Morris. London, 
 1869, 8vo. 
 
 Another edition, with notes, 
 
 and analytical and explanatory 
 index. Edinburgh, 1873, 8vo. 
 
 Christmas in the Olden 
 
 Time. (From Marmion, canto 
 v.) Illustrated. London [1887], 
 8vo. 
 
 P.okeby,aPoem. Edinburgh, 1813, 
 4 to. 
 
 Second edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1813, 8vo. 
 -Third edition. 
 
 1S13, 8vo. 
 -Fourth edition. 
 
 Edinburgh, 
 
 [Illustrated 
 
 with engravings from T. Sto- 
 
 thard.] Edinburgh, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 There is also an engraved title- 
 
 page. 
 
 Fifth edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Sixth edition. [With notes.] 
 
 Edinburgh, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Another edition. London, 
 
 1841, 24mo. 
 
 With a second engraved title- 
 page. 
 -Another edition. With notes. 
 
 London, 1868, 8vo. 
 The Vision of Don Roderick : a 
 
 Poem. Edinburgh, 1811, 4to. 
 Second edition, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 III. POETICAL 
 AND DRAMATIC WORKS. 
 The Poetical Works of Sir W. S. 
 11 vols. Edinburgh, 1821-30, 
 8vo. 
 
 Stated with title-pages of vol. i.-x. 
 to be in 10 vols. To these vol. xi. 
 was added, bearing date 1830, and 
 containing the author's dramatic 
 pieces and sketches. 
 
 The Complete Poetical and Drama- 
 tic Works of Sir W. S. With 
 an introductory memoir by \\ . 
 B. Scott. With illustrations. 
 London [1877], 8vo. 
 
 The Complete Poetical and Drama- 
 tic Works of Sir W. S. With 
 an introductory memoir by W. 
 B. Scott. London, 1883, 8vo. 
 
 The Doom of Devorgoil : a melo- 
 drama. Auchindrane ; or, the 
 Ayrshire Tragedy. Edinburgh, 
 1830, 8vo. 
 
 Ilalidou Hill: a dramatic sketch 
 from Scottish history [in two 
 acts, and in verse]. Edinburgh, 
 1822, 8vo. 
 
 IV. SELECTIONS. 
 
 Caledonia described by Scott, 
 Burns, and Ramsay. [Selec- 
 tions from their poetical works.] 
 With illustrations by J. Mac- 
 whirter, etc. London, 1878, 
 4to. 
 
 Characters of Eminent Persons, 
 humorous and poetical pieces. 
 Edinburgh, 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Vol. vii. of a series, entitled " The 
 Abbotsford Miscellany." 
 
 Diamonds from the Waverley 
 Mines ; or, maxims, observa- 
 tions, and reflections, selected 
 from the novels of Sir W. S. 
 By J. Cauvin. London, 1872, 
 8vo. 
 
 The Genius and Wisdom of Sir W. 
 S., comprising aphorisms se- 
 lected from his various writings. 
 With a memoir. London, 1839, 
 12mo. 
 
 Historical, legendary, and roman- 
 tic Tales from the works of Sir 
 AValter Scott. Selected by W. 
 T. Dobson. With illustrations, 
 etc. London, 1886 [1885], 8vo
 
 xii 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Legends of the North and Border 
 Minstrelsy, selected chiefly from 
 the works of Sir W. S. With 
 illustrations. [Edited by R. 
 Teuton.] London, 1835, 8vo. 
 
 Narratives and Descriptive Pieces. 
 [Selections from Sir W. S.'s 
 works.] Edinburgh, 1855, 8vo. 
 This forms vol. vi. of a series, en- 
 titled "The Abbotsford Miscel- 
 lany." 
 
 Readings for the Young, from the 
 works of Sir W. S. 3 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1848, 8vo. 
 
 Readings from Sir W. S. The 
 Talisman, Ivanhoe, Anne of 
 Geierstein, and Mannion. With 
 notes, etc. London [1884], 8vo. 
 
 Romantic Narratives. Edinburgh, 
 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Vnl. iv. of a series, entitled "The 
 Abbotsford Miscellany." 
 
 Royal Characters from the works 
 of Sir W. S., historical and 
 romantic. Selected and ar- 
 ranged by W. T. Dobson. With 
 illustrations. London, 1881, 8 vo. 
 The Scott Birthday Book. Edited 
 by C. H. Dicken. [Short ex- 
 tracts from the works of S. in 
 prose and verse for every day in 
 the year.] London, 1879, 16mo. 
 Scottish Scenes and Characters. 
 Edinburgh, 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Vol. v. of a series, entitled "The 
 Abbotsford Miscellany." 
 A selection from the works of Sir 
 W. S. Edited by Mortimer 
 Collins. (Moxon's Miniature 
 Poets.) London, 1866, 8vo. 
 A Selection [of pieces in verse] 
 from the works of Sir W. S. 
 Edited by Mortimer Collins. 
 [Moxon's Miniature Poets.) Lon- 
 don, 1885, 8vo. 
 Tales of Chivalry and Romance. 
 Edinburgh, 1855, 8vo. 
 
 Vol. iii. of a seri'-s, entitled " The 
 Abbotsford Miscell my." 
 
 The Waverley Poetical Birthday 
 Book, with selections from the 
 poems of Sir W. S. Loudon, 
 [1882], 16mo. 
 
 Waverley Poetry : being the 
 poems scattered through the 
 Waverley Novels, attributed to 
 anonymous sources, but pre- 
 sumed to be written by Sir W. 
 S. Boston [U.S.], 1851, 12mo. 
 
 The Waverley Sketch Book ; or, a 
 collection of the most striking 
 pictures and interesting events 
 in the Waverley Novels. Ar- 
 ranged by C. Olliffe. Paris, 
 1840, 8vo. 
 
 V. MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 The Miscellaneous Works of Sir 
 W. S., Bart., containing intro- 
 ductory remarks on popular 
 poetry ; and new introductions 
 to Lay of the Last Minstrel ; 
 Mannion ; Lady of the Lake ; 
 Rokeby ; and Lord of the Isles ; 
 also the tragedy of Macduff's 
 Cross ; Doom of Devorgoil ; and 
 the Ayrshire Tragedy. Edin- 
 burgh, 1836, 8vo. 
 
 Introductions and notes and 
 illustrations to the novels, 
 tales, and romances of the 
 author of Waverley. 3 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1833, 8vo. 
 
 An account of the death and 
 funeral procession of Frederick, 
 Duke of York, etc. To which 
 is subjoined Sir W. Scott's 
 character of his Royal Highness. 
 [With woodcuts by J. Bewick]. 
 By John Sykes. Newcastle, 
 1827, 4to. 
 
 Auld Robin Gray; a Ballad. By 
 the Rt. Honourable Lady Anne 
 Barnard, born Lady Anne 
 Lindsay, of Balcarras. [Elited
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 XI11 
 
 by Sir W. S.] Edinburgh, 
 1825, 4 to. 
 
 Presented as a contribution to the 
 Bannatyae Club by Sir \V. Scott. _ 
 
 A Bannatyne Garland, quhairin 
 
 the President spcaketh (Finis, 
 quoth the Knight of Abbots- 
 ford [i.e. Sir W. S.]. B.L. 
 [Edinburgh, 1823], 8vo. 
 
 The Baunatyno Miscellany; con- 
 taining original papers and 
 tracts relating to the history 
 and literature of Scotland. 
 [Edited by Sir W. S., D. Laing, 
 and T. Thomson.] 3 vols. 
 Edinburgh, 1827-55, 4to. 
 
 Beauties of Sterne, with some ac- 
 count of his writings by Sir 
 W. S. Amsterdam, 1836, 
 12mo. 
 
 The Border Antiquities of Eng- 
 land and Scotland ; comprising 
 specimens of architecture and 
 sculpture, and other vestiges of 
 former ages, accompanied by 
 descriptions. Together with 
 illustrations of remarkable in- 
 cidents in Border History and 
 Tradition, and original poetry. 
 2 vols. London, 1814-17, 4to. 
 
 The Chase, and William and 
 Helen : two ballads from the 
 German of G. A. Burger [by 
 Sir W. S.]. Edinburgh, 1796, 
 4to. 
 
 Chronological Notes of Scottish 
 affairs from 1680 till 1701 ; be- 
 ing chiefly taken from the diary 
 of Lord Fouutainhall. [Edited 
 by Sir W. S.]. Edinburgh, 
 1822, 4to. 
 
 A Collection of Scarce aud Valu- 
 able Tracts. Selected from an 
 infinite number in print and 
 manuscript, in the Royal, Cot- 
 ton, Sion, and other public, as 
 well as private, libraries ; 
 particularly that of the late 
 
 Lord Somers. The second 
 edition, revised, augmented, and 
 arranged by W. S. 13 vols. 
 London, 1809-15, 4to. 
 The Imago of Irelande, with a 
 Discouerie of Woodkarne. By 
 John Derricke. With the notes 
 of Sir W. S, etc. Edinburgh, 
 18-83, 4to. 
 
 A reprint of the notes to Derrick's 
 work in "Lord Somers's Tracts," 
 edited by Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 Criminal Trials, illustrative of the 
 tale entitled, "The Heart of 
 Midlothian," etc. Edinburgh, 
 1818, 12mo. 
 
 Description of the Kegalia of 
 
 Scotland. Edinburgh, 1819, 
 
 16mo. 
 
 Numerous editions. This account 
 of the Regalia of Scotland forms 
 part of "The Provincial Antiquities," 
 
 1819. 
 
 English Minstrelsy. Being a 
 selection of fugitive poetry from 
 the best English authors, with 
 some original pieces hitherto 
 unpublished. [Edited by Sir 
 W. S.] 2 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1810, 8vo. 
 
 The Ettricke Garland : being two 
 excellent new songs [the first 
 by Sir W. S. and the second 
 by James Hogg] on the lifting 
 of the banner of the House ol 
 Buccleuch at the football match 
 on Carterhaugh, etc. Edin- 
 burgh, 1815, 8vo. 
 
 The copy in the British Museum 
 Library is preceded by a MS. letter 
 of Sir W. Scott, and followed by two 
 cuttings from newspapers, the first 
 containing an account of the death 
 of his piper, and the second an 
 inedited letter. 
 
 Goetz of Berlichingen, with the 
 Iron Hand : a Tragedy trans- 
 lated from theGorman of Goethe, 
 by W. S. London, 1799, 8vo.
 
 XIV 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 The History of Scotland. (Lard- 
 ner'a Cabinet Cyclopaedia.) 2 
 vols. London, 1830, Svo. 
 
 illustrations of Northern Antiqui- 
 ties from the earlier Teutonic 
 and Scandinavian romances ; 
 being an abstract of the book of 
 Heroes, and Kibeluugen Lay; 
 with translations of metrical 
 tales from the old German, 
 Danish, Swedish, and Icelandic 
 languages ; with notes, disserta- 
 tions, etc. (Abstract of the 
 Eyrbiggia-Saga : being the early 
 annals of that district of Iceland 
 lying around the promontory 
 called Sudefells, by W. S.) [i.e., 
 Walter Scott]. Edinburgh, 
 1814, 4to. 
 
 Kinmont Willie : a Border Ballad, 
 with an historical introduction, 
 by Sir W. S. {Carlisle Tracts, 
 No. vi.) Carlisle, 1841, 8vo. 
 
 Laneham's Letter describing the 
 magnificent pageants presented 
 before Queen Elizabeth at 
 Kenilworth Castle in 1575, 
 referred to in the romance of 
 Kenilworth [by Sir W. S.]. 
 London, 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Lays of the Lindsays, being Poems 
 by the Ladies of the House of 
 Balcarras. [Edited by Sir W. 
 S.] Edinburgh, 1824, 4to. 
 
 This volume was originally de- 
 signed l>y Sir Walter .Scott as a 
 contribution to the Bannatyne 
 Club, but after it was printed the 
 volume was suppressed. 
 
 Letters of Sir W. S., addressed 
 to the Rev. R. Polwhele, D. 
 Gilbert, Esq., Francis Douce, 
 Esq. London, 1823, 12mo. 
 
 Letters on Demonology and Witch- 
 craft, addressed to J. G. Lock- 
 hart, Esq. London, 1 830, 12mo. 
 Forming part of the " Family 
 Library." Other editions, Now 
 
 York, 1S45, 12mo ; London [1876], 
 Svo, illustrated ; London, 18S4, 8vo. 
 with introduction by II. Morley. 
 
 The Letting of Humour's Blood 
 into the Head Vaine, etc. By 
 S. Rowlands. [Being epigrams 
 and satires. Edited, with ad- 
 vertisement and notes, by Sir 
 W. S.] Edinburgh, 1814, 8vo. 
 A reprint of the edition of 1611. 
 Without pagination. The same 
 work as " Humours Ordinarie." Re- 
 printed in 1S15 in 4to. 
 
 The Life of Edward, Lord Her- 
 bert of Cherbury, written by 
 himself, with a prefatory me- 
 moir [by Sir W. S. ?] (Universal 
 Library. Biography, vol. i.) 
 London, 1853, 8vo. 
 
 Tiie Life of Napoleon Buonaparte, 
 Emperor of the French. With 
 a preliminary view of the French 
 Revolution. By the Author of 
 " Waverley." 9 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1827, 8vo. 
 
 [Cancels in the first edition of 
 
 the Life of Napoleon, by the 
 Author of "Waverley." With 
 MS. corrections and notes.] 
 [Edinburgh, 1827] Svo. 
 
 This is in the Library of the Bri- 
 tish Museum. 
 
 A Memoir of the life and writings 
 of the late W. Taylor, of Nor- 
 wich. Containing his corres- 
 pondence with R. Southey, and 
 original letters from Sir W. 
 S., etc. By J. W. Robberds. 
 2 vols. London, 1843, 8vo. 
 
 Memoirs of Capt. George Carleton, 
 including anecdotes of the war 
 in Spain, under the Earl of 
 Peterborough, written by him- 
 self. [Edited by Sir W. S.] 
 Edinburgh, 1808, 8vo. 
 
 There were 25 copies printed on 
 large paper. 
 
 Memoirs of Robert Carey, and 
 Fragmenta Regalia : being a 
 history of Queen Elizabeth's fa-
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY, 
 
 xv 
 
 vourites, by Sir K. Naunton. 
 With explanatory annotations 
 [by Sir W. S.]. Edinburgh, 
 1808, 8vo. 
 
 Memoirs of tlio Duke of Sully, etc. 
 A new edition, revised and cor- 
 rected ; with additional notes, 
 and an historical introduction 
 attributed to Sir W. S. 4 vols. 
 London, 1856, 8vo. 
 
 Memoirs of the Insurrection in 
 1715. By John, Master of Sin- 
 clair. With notes by Sir W. S. 
 {Abbotsford Club.) Edinburgh, 
 1858, 4to. 
 
 Memoirs of the Marchioness de la 
 Rochejarjuelin. Translated from 
 the French. (Constable's Mis- 
 cellany, vol. v.) Edinburgh, 
 1827, 12mo. 
 
 Memoirs of the Reign of King 
 Charles I. By Sir Philip War- 
 wick. [Edited by Sir W. S.] 
 Edinburgh, 1813, 8vo. 
 
 Memorials of Coleorton, being 
 letters from Coleridge, Words- 
 worth and his sister, Southey, 
 and Sir Walter Scott, to Sir 
 George and Lady Beaumont, of 
 Coleorton, Leicestershire, 1803 
 to 1834. Edited by William 
 Knight. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 
 18S7, 8vo. 
 
 Memorials of George Bannatyne, 
 1545-1608. [Edited by Sir W. 
 S. With a memoir of Banna- 
 tyne by the editor, etc.] Edin- 
 burgh, 1829, 4to. 
 
 Tart of the "Bannatyne Club." 
 
 Memorials of the Haliburtons. 
 [Edited by Sir W. S.] Edin- 
 burgh, 1S20, 4to. 
 
 Thirty copies only printed for 
 private circulation. The preliminary 
 notice is dated Abbotsford, March 
 1820. An additional thirty copies 
 were reprinted in 1S24, on paper 
 slightly larger than the former. 
 
 Memorie of the Somervilles ; being 
 a history of the baronial house 
 of Somerville. [Edited by Sir 
 W. S.] 2 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1815, 8vo. 
 
 Military Memoirs of the Great 
 Civil War, being the military 
 memoirs of J. Gwynnej and an 
 account of the Earl of Glen- 
 cairn's expedition, as General of 
 his Majesty's forces, in the 
 Highlands of Scotland in 1653 
 and 1654, by a person who was 
 eye and ear-witness to every 
 transaction [i.e., John Graham 
 of Duchrie ?]. With an appen- 
 dix. [Edited by Sir W. S.] 
 Edinburgh, 1822, 4to. 
 
 Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border ; 
 consisting of historical and 
 romantic ballads, collected in 
 the southern counties of Scot- 
 land ; with a few of modern 
 date [by Sir W. S. and others], 
 founded upon local tradition. 
 [Compiled and edited, with an 
 introduction, by Sir W. S.] 3 
 vols. Kelso, 1802, 8vo. 
 
 Second edition. 3 vols. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1803, 8vo. 
 
 Third edition. 3 vols. 
 
 burgh, 1806, 8vo. 
 — Fourth edition. 3 
 
 Edinburgh, 1810, 8vo. 
 — Fifth edition. 3 vols. 
 
 Edin- 
 
 vols. 
 
 Edin- 
 burgh, 1812, Svo. 
 
 Fifth Edition. 3 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1821, Svo. 
 
 Reprint of the original edi- 
 tion. London, 1869, 8vo. 
 
 Reprint of the original edi- 
 tion. London [1883], 8vo. 
 
 Part of "The People's Standard 
 Library." 
 
 Northern Memoirs, calculated for 
 the meridian of Scotland. To 
 which is added the contempla- 
 tive 8"d practical angler.
 
 XV) 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Writ in the year 1658. By 
 Richard Franck. A new edition, 
 with preface and notes. [Bv Sir 
 W. S.] Edinburgh, 1821, 8vo. 
 
 [The Novelists' Library. — Edited, 
 with prefatory memoirs, by Sir 
 W. S.] 10 vols. London, 
 1821-24, 8vo. 
 
 ■ Lives of the Novelists. 2 vols. 
 
 Paris, 1825, 12mo. 
 
 The Novels and Miscellaneous 
 Works of Daniel de Foe. With 
 prefaces and notes, including 
 those attributed to Sir W. S. 
 (Bohn's British Classics.) 6 
 vols. London, 1854-56, 8vo. 
 
 Original Memoirs written during 
 the great Civil War ; being the 
 lifo of Sir H. Slingsby, and 
 memoirs of Capt. Hodgson. 
 With notes, etc. [Edited by 
 Sir W. S.] Edinburgh, 1806, Svo. 
 
 Papers relative to the Regalia of 
 Scotland. [Edited by Sir W. 
 S.] Edinburgh, 1829, 4to. 
 
 Presented to the members of the 
 Rannatyne Club by William Bell, 
 
 Esq. 
 
 I'd ul's Letters to his Kinsfolk. 
 Edinburgh, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 There is a copy in the Library of 
 the British Museum with MS. 
 corrections by the author. 
 
 France and Belgium. Origin- 
 ally published in " Paul's 
 Letters to his Kinsfolk." 2 
 parts. Edinburgh, 1855, Svo. 
 
 This work forms vol. i. and ii. of a 
 series, entitled " The Abbotsfoid 
 .Miscellany." 
 
 A Penni worth of Wifcte : Florice 
 and Blauncbeilour, and other 
 pieces of ancient English poetry, 
 selected from the Auchinleck 
 Manuscript. [With an account 
 of the Auchinleck Manuscript 
 by Sir W. S.] Edinburgh, 
 1857, 4to. 
 Printed for the Abbotsford Club. 
 
 The Poetical Works of Anna 
 Seward, with extracts from her 
 literary correspondence. Edited 
 [with a biographical preface] 
 by W. S. 3 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1810, 8vo. 
 
 The Poetry contained in the 
 Novels, Tales, and Romances of 
 the author of Waverley. Edin- 
 burgh, 1822, 8vo. 
 
 Proceedings in the Court-martial 
 held upon John, Master of 
 Sinclair, Captain-Lieutenant in 
 Preston's regiment, for the 
 murder of Ensign Schaw of the 
 same regiment, and Captain 
 Schaw, of the Royals, 17th 
 October 1708, with correspon- 
 dence respecting that transac- 
 tion. [Edited by Sir W. S.] 
 Edinburgh, 1828, 4to. 
 Part of the " Roxburghe Club." 
 
 Provincial Antiquities and Pictur- 
 esque Scenery of Scotland, with 
 descriptive illustrations by Sir 
 W. S. 2 vols. London, 1826, 
 4to. 
 
 Published in 10 parts between 
 1819 and 1826. 
 
 Queenhoo-Hall ; a Romance, and 
 Ancient Times, a Drama. By 
 the late Joseph Strutt, author 
 of Rural Sports and Pastimes of 
 the People of England. [Edited 
 by Sir W. S.] 4 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1808, 12mo. 
 
 Religious Discourses. By a Lay- 
 man. London, 1828, Svo. 
 
 The Sale-Room. [By Sir W. 
 S. and others.] No. 1-28. 
 Edinburgh, 1817, 4to. 
 
 This periodical existed from Janu- 
 ary 4 to July 12, 1817. 
 
 Secret History of the Court of 
 James the First, etc. With 
 notes and introductory remarks. 
 2 vols. [Edited by Sir W. S.] 
 Edinburgh, 1811, Svo.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 xvn 
 
 Sir Tristrem : a Metrical Romance 
 of the Thirteenth Century, by 
 Thomas of Ercildoune, called the 
 Rhymer. Edited from the 
 Auchinleck MS. by W. S. 
 Edinburgh, 1804, 8vo, 
 
 Second edition 
 
 1806, 8vo. 
 — -Third edition. 
 
 1811, 8vo. 
 — Fourth edition. 
 
 Edinburgh, 
 
 Edinburgh, 
 
 Edinburgh, 
 1819, 8vo. 
 
 A short account of successful 
 exertions in behalf of the lather- 
 less and widows after the war in 
 1814 ; containing letters from 
 Mr. Wilberforce, Sir W. Scott, 
 Marshal Blucher, etc. By 
 Rudolph Ackermann. Oxford, 
 1871, 16mo. 
 
 Sketch of the Life and Character 
 of the late Lord Kinnedder. 
 [Edited by Sir W. S.] Edin- 
 burgh, 1822, 4to. 
 
 Only a few copies printed for 
 private distribution. 
 
 The state papers and letters of Sir 
 Ralph Sadler. Edited by A. 
 Clill'ord. To which is added a 
 memoir of the life of Sir R. 
 Sadler, with historical notes by 
 Walter Scott. 2 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 1S09, 4to. 
 
 Thoughts on the proposed change 
 of currency, and other late 
 alterations, as they affect, or 
 are intended to affect, the 
 kingdom of Scotland, etc. 
 (Three Letters to the Editor of 
 the Edinburgh Weekly Journal 
 from Malachi Malagrowther, 
 Esq.— i.e., Sir W. Scott.) 3 
 parts. Edinburgh, 1826, 8vo. 
 
 A Letter from Malachi Mala 
 
 growther, Esq., to the Editor 
 of the Edinburgh Weekly 
 Journal, on the proposed 
 change of currency and other 
 
 late alterations, as they affect, 
 or are intended to affect, the 
 kingdom of Scotland. Second 
 edition. Edinburgh, 1826, 8vo. 
 -A Second Letter to the Editor 
 
 of the Edinburgh Week/;/ 
 Journal on the proposed change 
 of currency, etc. Edinburgh, 
 1826, 8vo. 
 
 Trial of Duncan Terig, alias 
 Clerk, and Alexander Lane 
 Macdonald, for the murder of 
 Arthur Davis, Sergeant in 
 General Guise's Regiment of 
 Foot. June, a.d., 1754. 
 [Edited by Sir W. S.] Edin- 
 burgh, 1831, 4to 
 
 Presented to the members of 
 the Bannatyne Club by Sir \V. 
 Scott. 
 
 Trivial Poems and Triolets. 
 Written in obedience to Mrs. 
 Tomkin's Commands. By 
 Patrick Carey. [Edited, with 
 notes, by Sir W. S.] London, 
 1820, 4to. 
 
 Two Bannatyne Garlands from 
 Abbotsford. 8vo. 
 
 About 40 copies only were printed 
 and presented by the Secretary to 
 those members of the Bannatyne 
 Club who dined together on the 25th 
 Anniversary of the Club. One of 
 these ballads, " The Reever's Pen- 
 ance," was written by Robert Surtees 
 of Mainsforth, Durham, the other by 
 Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 The Visionary. Nos. 1, 2, 3 
 [being political satires first pub- 
 lished in the Edinburgh Weekly 
 Journal, each signed Somnam- 
 bulus]. Edinburgh, 1819, 
 12mo. 
 
 Reform and Ruin ! a dream. 
 
 [Signed Somnambulus.] Sun- 
 derland, [1820], 8vo. 
 
 Reprinted from No. 2 of "The 
 Visionary." 
 
 The Works of John Dryden, now 
 first collected. Illustrated with 
 notes, historical, critical, and
 
 XV111 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 explanatory, ami a life of the 
 author, by Walter Scott. 18 
 vols. London, 1808, 8vo. 
 -Second edition. 18 vols. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Another edition. Revised 
 
 and corrected by G. Saintsbury. 
 Edinburgh, 1882, etc., 8vo. 
 
 The Life of John Dryden. 
 
 London, 180S, 4to. 
 Only 50 copies printed. This 
 iptay forms the first volume of 
 " The Works of John Dryden," 180S. 
 
 The Works of Jonathan Swift, 
 containing additional letters, 
 tracts, and poems, not hitherto 
 published; with notes and a 
 life of the anthor by Walter 
 Scott. 19 vols. Edinburgh, 
 1814, 8vo. 
 
 There is in the library of the 
 I'.riti-h Museum, pp. 261-459, 1-280 
 of vols. xi. and xii. of an edition of 
 Swift's works used by Sir Walter 
 Scott for his edition of Swift, with 
 copious MS. notes by him. 
 
 Second edition. 19 vols. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1824, 8vo. 
 
 VI. Supposititious Works. 
 
 Autobiography of Sir W. S. Phila- 
 delphia, 1831, 12mo. 
 
 Die Erstiirmung von Selama, 
 oder die Rache. Eine schot- 
 tische Sage von W. S. 3 Thle. 
 Quedlinburg, 1825, 8vo, 
 
 Moredun. Narration de l'annee 
 1210. Roman posthume et 
 ine-lit de Sir W. S. Precede 
 d' une Introduction par E. de 
 Saint Maurice Cabany. (More- 
 dun: a tale of the Twelve 
 Hundred and Ten.) 3 vols. 
 Paris, 1855, 8vo. 
 
 The text of the novel, which is in 
 English, was printed at Edinburgh, 
 ana the French Introduction at 
 Paris. 
 
 The Bridal of Caohhairn ; and 
 Miscellaneous Poems. By W. 
 S. [i.e., John Hay Allan]. Fifth 
 edition. London, 1822, 8vo. 
 
 Allan Cameron, en Roman, efter- 
 ladt af Sir W. S. [i.e., Calais], 
 oversat af F. Schaldcmose. 
 2 Deel. Kjobenhavn, 1841. 
 16mo. 
 
 La Pythie des Higlands, roman 
 inedit. Par Sir W. S. [i. e. , Jules 
 A.David]. 2 vols. Paris, 1844, 
 8vo. 
 
 Walladmor. Frei nach dera 
 Englischen des W. S. [or rather 
 writtenin German] von W. . . . s. 
 [i.e., Georg Wilhelm Ilein- 
 rich Haering]. Berlin, 1824, 
 8vo. 
 
 Walladmor. " Freely trans- 
 lated into German from the 
 English of Sir Walter Scott " 
 [by W . . . s, or, rather, 
 originally written in German 
 by G. W. H. Haering. And 
 now freely translated from the 
 German into English by T. De 
 Quincey]. 2 vols. London, 
 1825, 16mo. 
 
 Schloss Avalon. Frei nach 
 
 dem Englischen des W. S. vom 
 Uebersetzer des Walladmor. 3 
 Bde. Leipzig, 1827, 8vo. 
 
 The Lay of the Scottish Fiddle: 
 a tale of Havre de Grace. Sup- 
 posed to be written by W. S. 
 [i.e., James Ivirke Paulding]. 
 New York, 1813, 12mo. 
 
 Another edition. London, 
 
 1814, 12mo. 
 
 VII. APPENDIX. 
 
 Biography, Criticism, etc. 
 
 Adams, W. H. Davenport.— Master 
 
 Minds in Art, Science, and 
 
 Letters. London [1886], 8vo. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott, pp. 270-335.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 xix 
 
 Airy, Sir George BiJdell. — On the 
 Topography of the " Lady of 
 the Lake." London, 1873, 8vo. 
 Privately printed. 
 
 Aiton, William. — A history of the 
 encounter at Drumclog, and 
 battle at Bothwell Bridge, with 
 an account of what ia correct 
 and what is fictitious in the 
 "Tales of my Landlord" [i.e., 
 in " Old Mortality"] respecting 
 these engagements, etc. Hamil- 
 ton, 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Allibone, S. A. — A Critical 
 Dictionary of English Litera- 
 ture and British and American 
 Authors. 3 vols. London, 
 1859-71, 3vo. 
 Sir W. Scott, vol ii., pp. 1961-1979. 
 
 Anderson, William. — The Scottish 
 Nation. 3 vols. 
 1863, 4to. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott, 
 vol. ii., pp. 415-421. 
 
 Bagehot, Walter. 
 Studies. 2 vols. 
 1879, 8vo. 
 
 The Waverley Novels, vol. ii., pp. 
 146-183. 
 
 Third edition. 2 vols. Lon- 
 don, IS 84, 8vo. 
 
 The Waverley Novels (1858), vol. 
 ii., pp. 146-183. 
 
 Ballantyne, A. — Refutation of 
 the Misstatements and Calum- 
 nies contained in Mr. Lockhart's 
 Life of Sir Walter Scott respect- 
 ing the Messrs. [James and 
 John] Ballantyne. By the 
 Trustees and Son of the late 
 James Ballantyne. London, 
 1838, 8vo. 
 
 Reply to Mr. Lockhart's 
 
 pamphlet, entitled " The 
 Ballantyne Humbug han- 
 dled." By the authors of a 
 " Refutation of the Misstate- 
 ments and Calumnies," etc. 
 London, 1839, 8vo. 
 
 Edinburgh, 
 with portrait, 
 
 — Literary 
 London, 
 
 Bartlett, Alfred D.— An historical 
 and descriptive account of 
 Cumnor Place, Berks. Fol- 
 lowed by some remarks on the 
 statements in Sir Walter Scott's 
 Kcnilworth. Oxford, 1850, 
 8vo. 
 
 Bates, William. — The Maclise 
 Portrait-Gallery of " Illustrious 
 Literary Characters," with 
 memoirs, etc. London, 1883, 
 8vo. 
 Sir Walter Scott, pp. 31-37. 
 
 Belfast, Earl of. — Poets and Poetry 
 of the Nineteenth Century. A 
 course of lectures. London, 
 1852, 8vo. 
 Scott, pp. 99-131. 
 
 Billington, William.— Facts, Ob- 
 servations, etc., being an ex- 
 posure of the misrepresentations 
 of the author's Treatise on 
 Planting contained in Mr. 
 Withers's Letters to Sir W. 
 Scott . . . with remarks on Sir 
 W. Scott's Essay on Planting, 
 etc. Shrewsbury, 1830, 8vo. 
 
 Biographical Magazine. — Lives of 
 the Illustrious. (The Bio- 
 graphical Magazine.) London, 
 1854, 8vo. 
 Sir W. Scott, vol. v., pp. 147. 
 
 Brown, James H. — Scenes in 
 Scotland, with sketches and 
 illustrations. Glasgow, 1833, 
 8vo. 
 
 Sir W. Scott— Sketch of his Liter- 
 ary life, pp. 36-62 ; Last illness, death 
 and funeral, pp. 222-239. 
 
 Browne, James. — A Free Ex- 
 amination of Sir Walter Scott's 
 opinions respecting Popery and 
 the Penal Laws, as collected 
 from Mr. Lockhart's " Life," 
 and from various passages in 
 Sir Walter Scott's works, etc. 
 Edinburgh, 1845, 8vo.
 
 XX 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Bryant, William Cullen.— Orations 
 and Addresses. London, 1873, 
 8vo. 
 Scott Statue, pp. 3S7-393. 
 
 Bucke, C. — A Letter intended 
 (one day) as a supplement to 
 Lockhart's Life of Sir Walter 
 Scott [on Sir Walter Scott's 
 mention of the author's dispute 
 with Kean]. London, 1838, 8vo. 
 
 Buonaparte, Louis. — Reponse a Sir 
 Walter Scott, sur son Histoire 
 de Napoleon, etc. Seconde 
 edition. Paris, 1829, 8vo. 
 
 A Reply to Sir Walter Scott's 
 
 History of Napoleon : a trans- 
 lation from the French. Lon- 
 don, 1829, 8vo. 
 
 C, S. 0. — Stories from Waverley, 
 or rather from the Waverley 
 Novels, for children. From the 
 original of Sir W. S. By S. 0. 
 C. First (-second) series. 2 
 vols. Edinburgh, 1870, 16mo. 
 
 — —Third edition. Edinburgh, 
 1873, 16mo. 
 
 Canning, Albert S. G. — Philosophy 
 of the Waverley Novels. Lon- 
 don, 1879, 8vo. 
 
 Carlyle, Thomas.— The Collected 
 Works of T. C. 16 vols. Lon- 
 don, 1858, 8vo. 
 
 Sir W. Seott. vol. v., pp. 135-184 ; 
 appeared originally in the Westmin- 
 ster Review, 1838. 
 
 Case, J. F. — Refutation de la 
 " Vie de Napoleon " de Sir W. 
 Scott. Par M. ***[i.e,, J. F. 
 Case.] 2 vols. Paris, 1827, 
 12mo. 
 
 Chambers's Miscellany. — Famous 
 Men, being biographical sketches 
 from Chambers's Miscellany. 
 London [18S6], 8vo. 
 
 Life of Sir W. Scott, 31 pp. 
 
 Chambers, Robert. — Life of Sir 
 Walter Scott. With Abbots- 
 ford notanda by R. Canuthers. I 
 
 Edited by W. Chambers. Lon- 
 don, 1871, 8vo. 
 
 Illustrations of the Author of 
 
 Waverley ; being notices and 
 anecdotes of real characters and 
 incidents, supposed to be de- 
 scribed in his works. Edin- 
 burgh, 1822, 8vo. 
 
 Second Edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1825, 8vo. 
 
 Reprinted from the Edition of 
 
 1S25. Edinburgh, 1884, 8vo. 
 
 Lives of Illustrious and Dis- 
 tinguished Scotsmen, etc. 4 
 vols. Glasgow, 1835, 8vo. 
 Sir W. Scott, vol. i, pp. 205-218. 
 
 Channing, William Ellery. — Re- 
 marks on the Character of N. 
 Buonaparte [by W. E. Chan- 
 ning] occasionied by the publi- 
 cation of Scott's Life of 
 Napoleon. From the Christian 
 Examiner, vol. iv., No. 5. Bos- 
 ton [U.S.], 1827, 8vo. 
 
 Analysis of the character of 
 
 Napoleon Bonaparte, suggested 
 by the publication of Scott's 
 Life of Napoleon. Boston 
 [U.S.], 1828, 8vo. 
 
 Chorley, Henry F.— The Authors 
 of England. A series of medal- 
 lion portraits of modern literary 
 characters, engraved from the 
 works of British Artists, etc. 
 London, 1838, 4to. 
 Sir W. Soott, pp. 7-13. 
 
 New edition. London, 1861, 
 
 4 to. 
 Sir W. Scott, pp. 7-13. 
 
 Christian, Edward. — Historical 
 notices of Edward and William 
 Christian, two characters iu 
 Peveril of the Peak. [By M. 
 Wilks ?] [London, 1822] 8vo. 
 
 Chin ton, E.— A Lay to the Last 
 Minstrel. Inscribed to the 
 memory of Sir Walter Scott.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 XXI 
 
 [Preceded by a critique on his 
 writings.] London, 1874, 8vo. 
 
 Cleishbotham, Jedediah, pseud. 
 — New Landlord's Tales ; or, 
 Jedediah in the South. 2 vols. 
 London, 1825, 12 mo. 
 
 Cochrane, J. G. — Catalogue of the 
 library at Abbotsford (Maitland 
 Club). Edinburgh, 1838, 4 to. 
 
 Cochrane, Robert. — The Treasury 
 of Modern Biography, etc. 
 London, 1878, ivo. 
 Sir Walter Scott, pp. 116-129. 
 
 Cornish, Sidney W. — The Waver- 
 ley Manual, or, handbook of the 
 chief characters, incidents, and 
 descriptions in the Waverley 
 Novels, etc. Edinburgh, 1871, 
 8vo. 
 
 Courthope, William John. — The 
 Liberal Movement in English 
 Literature. London, 1885, 8vo. 
 Revival of Romance : Scott, 
 Byron, Shelley, pp. 111-156 ; re- 
 printed from the National Review. 
 
 Cunningham, Allan. — Biogra- 
 phical and critical history of 
 the British Literature of the 
 last fifty years. Paris, 1834, 
 
 8vo. 
 
 Sir W. Scott, pp. 40-50, 143-151, 
 216-222, 255-258, 278, 315. 
 
 Dennis, John. — Heroes of Litera- 
 ture. English Poets, etc. Lon- 
 don, 1883, 8vo. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott, pp. 300-321. 
 
 Devey, J. — A comparative esti- 
 mate of modern English Poets. 
 London, 1873, 8vo. 
 Scott, pp. 212-225. 
 
 Dickson, N. — The Bible in 
 Waverley ; or, Sir Walter 
 Scott's use of the Sacred Scrip- 
 tures. Edinburgh, 1884, 8vo. 
 
 Dixon, W. H— Sir Walter Scott's 
 Centenary. The Speech of 
 W. H. D., at the banquet in 
 celebration of the above event, 
 
 together with the Ode wiittrn 
 by M. Barr. London, 1871, 
 8vo. 
 
 Dodds, Rev. James. — Personal 
 Reminiscences and Biographical 
 Sketches. Edinburgh, 1887, 8vo. 
 Sir Walter Scott, pp. 183-194 
 
 Doyle, Sir Francis Hastings. — 
 Lecture on Poetry delivered at 
 Oxford. Second series. Lon- 
 don, 1877, 8vo. 
 W alter Scott, pp. 78-149. 
 
 Dulcken, W.— Worthies of the 
 World, etc. London [1881], 
 8vo. 
 Sir Walter Scott, pp. 401-416. 
 
 Eberty, Felix. — Walter Scott. 
 Ein Lebensbild. Aus englischen 
 Quellen zusammengestellt. 2 
 Bde. Breslau, 1860, Svo. 
 
 Walter Scott. Zyn leven en 
 
 werken. Met een voorrede van 
 C. W. Opzoomer. 2 Deel. Am- 
 sterdam, 1869, 12mo. 
 
 Edinbnrgh Theatrical Fund. — An 
 account of the first Edinburgh 
 Theatrioal Fund Dinner, held 
 at Edinburgh, on Friday, 23rd 
 February 1827 ; containing a 
 correct and authentic report of 
 speeches ; which include, among 
 other interesting matter, the 
 first public avowal, by Sir 
 Walter Scott, of being the 
 author of the Waverley Novels. 
 Edinburgh, 1827, 8vo. 
 
 Elze, Karl.— Sir Walter Scott. 
 [A biography]. Germ. 2 Bde. 
 Dresden, 1864, 8vo. 
 
 Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ninth 
 edition. Edinburgh, 1886, 4to. 
 Scott, by Prof. W. Minto, vol. 
 xxi. 
 
 Eunomia. — Eunomia, with brief 
 hints to country gentlemen and 
 others of tender capacity on the 
 principle of the new sect of 
 political economical philoso-
 
 XX11 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 phers termed Eunomians, with 
 some strictures upon banks, 
 etc., in answer to the Rt. Hon. 
 Sir J. Sinclair, Bart., Malachi 
 Malagrowther, etc. London, 
 18 26, 8vo. 
 
 Everett, Edward. — The Mount 
 Vernon Papers. New York, 
 1S60, 8vo. 
 
 Abbotsford visited and revisited, 
 pp. 115-123, 135144. 
 
 F. — The Waverley Anecdotes, 
 illustrative of the incidents, 
 characters, and scenery des- 
 cribed in the novels and ro- 
 mances of Sir'W. S. [Compiled 
 by F.] London, 1833, 8vo. 
 
 Another edition. London 
 
 [1887], 8vo. 
 
 Fitzpatiick, W. J. — Who wrote 
 the earlier Waverley Novels ? 
 Being an investigation into 
 certain mysterious circum- 
 stances attending their pro- 
 duction, and an inquiry into 
 the literary aid which Sir 
 W. Scott may have received 
 from other persons. [By W. J. 
 Y.—i. e., W. J. Fitzpatrick]. 
 London, 1856, 8vo. 
 
 Second edition, completely 
 
 rewritten, etc. Who wrote the 
 earlier Waverley Novels t An 
 essay showing that Sir W. 
 S'cott's relation to Waverley, 
 Guy Mannering, and the Tales 
 of my Landlord, was, at the 
 most, that of an editor [and 
 attributing the authorship to 
 Thomas and Elizabeth Scott]. 
 London, 1856, 8vo. 
 
 Forbes, Alexander, — Thoughts 
 concerning Man's condition and 
 duties in this life, etc. Fourth 
 edition. With a biographical 
 sketch of the author by Lord 
 Medwyne, and a review by Sir W. 
 Scott. Edinburgh, 1854, 12mo. 
 
 French, Gilbert J.— Parallel Pas- 
 sages from two tales elucidating 
 the origin of the plot of Guy 
 Mannering. Manchester, 1855, 
 8vo. 
 
 An enquiry into the origin 
 
 of the authorship of some of 
 the earlier Waverley Novels. 
 Bolton, 1856, 8vo. 
 Privately printed. 
 G., S. v.— Walter Scott. Ein ro- 
 mantisch - Kritisiren des Ge- 
 malde seines schriftstellerischen 
 Geistes aufgestellt von S. v. G. 
 Naumburg, 1826, 16vo. 
 
 Another edition. Leipzig, 
 
 1833, 16mo. 
 G * * *, General.— [i.e., Gaspard 
 Gourgand.] — Refutation de la 
 Vie de Napoleon, par Sir Walter 
 Scott. Par le General G * * *. 
 2 pts. Paiis, 1827, 8vo. 
 Gibson, John. — Reminiscences of 
 Sir Walter Scott. Edinburgh, 
 1871, 8vo. 
 Gillillan, G.— Life of Sir W. Scott, 
 etc. Edinburgh, 1870, 8vo. 
 
 Second edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 1871, 8vo. 
 Gillies, R. P.— Recollections of 
 Sir Walter Scott. [By R. P. 
 Gillies.] London, 1837, 8vo. 
 Gleig, George Robert. — The Life 
 of Sir Walter Scott. Reprinted, 
 with corrections and additions, 
 from the Quarterly Review, etc. 
 Edinburgh, 1871, 8vo. 
 Graham, William. — Lectures, 
 Sketches, and Poetical Pieces. 
 Edinburgh, 1873, 8vo. 
 
 Address at the Scott Centenary 
 dinner at Innerleithen, pp. 153-163. 
 Graves, H. M. — An Essay on the 
 Genius of Shakespeare, with 
 critical remarks on the char- 
 acters of Romeo, Hamlet, 
 Juliet, and Ophelia, together 
 with some observations on the
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 xxm 
 
 writings of Sir W. Scott, etc. 
 London, 1826, 8vo. 
 
 Grey, Earl. — Earl Grey, the 
 British Reformer — Signor Ri- 
 voillo, the Italian Musician — Sir 
 Walter Scott, Bart. , the Scottish 
 Novelist. [A verse upon each, 
 accompanied by a woodcut]. 
 [Edinburgh, 1832]. s. sh., 8vo. 
 
 Hagberg, Carl August. — Cervantes 
 et Walter Scott, parallele 
 litteraire soumis a la discussion 
 publique l'avantmidi du 21 
 Nov. 1838. Lund, 1838, 8vo. 
 
 Hamilton, Walter. — Parodies of 
 the Works of English and 
 American Authors. Collected 
 and annotated hy W. H. Lon- 
 don, 1886, 4to. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott, vol. iii, pp, 
 71-99. 
 
 Hanuay, David. — Glimpses of the 
 Land of Scott. Illustrated by 
 J. Macwhirter. London, 1887, 
 4to. 
 
 Hazlitt, William.— The Spirit of 
 the Age; or, contemporary 
 portraits. London, 1825, 8vo. 
 Sir Walter Scott, pp. 129 156. 
 
 The Plain Speaker ; opinions 
 
 of books, meu, and things 
 Second edition. 2 vols. Lon- 
 don, 1851, 8vo. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott, Racine, and 
 Shakespeare, vol. ii.,pp. 257-278 
 
 Heber, Richard. — Letters to 
 Richard Heber, Esq., containing 
 critical remarks on the series of 
 novels [by Sir W. S.], begin- 
 ning with " Waverley," etc. 
 London, 1821, 8vo. 
 
 Hogg, James. — The domestic 
 manners and yirivate life of Sir 
 W. Scott. With a memoir of 
 the author, notes, etc. Glasgow, 
 1S34, 12mo. 
 
 . Another edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 18S2, 8vo. 
 
 Hewitt, William. — Homes and 
 Haunts of the most eminont 
 British Poets. Third edition. 
 London, 1857, 8vo. 
 Scott, pp. 446-486. 
 
 Hunneweil, James F. — Lands of 
 Scott. Edinburgh, 1871, 8vo. 
 
 Hutton, Richard H.— Sir Walter 
 Scott. {English Men of Letters, 
 ed. Morley.) London, 1878, 
 8vo. 
 
 Irving, Washington. — Abbots- 
 ford and Newstead Abbey. 
 London, 1850, 8vo. 
 
 Jacob, Carl Georg. — Walter 
 Scott. Fiir die Leser seiner 
 Werke. Ein biographisch liter- 
 arischer Versuch. Koln am 
 Rhein, 1827, 16nao. 
 
 Jeaffreson, J. Cordy. — Novels and 
 Novelists, from Elizabeth to 
 Victoria. 2 vols. London, 1858, 
 8vo. 
 Walter Scott, vol. ii, pp. 31-83. 
 
 Jeffrey, Francis. — Contributions 
 to the Edinburgh Review. Lon- 
 don, 1853, 8vo. 
 
 "The Lay of the Last Minstrel," 
 Aug. 1810, pp. 465-482 ; " Waverley," 
 Nov. 1814, pp. 670-676; "Waverley 
 Novels," March 1817, Feb. 1818, 
 Jan. 1S20, June 1822, pp. 676-703. 
 
 Jerdan, William. — Men I have 
 known. London, 1866, 8vo. 
 
 Four epochs in the life of Scott, 
 pp. 393-399. 
 
 Jerrold, Blanchard. — The Best of 
 
 All Good Company. Part ii. 
 
 A Centenary Day with Sir 
 
 Walter Scott, August 15th, 1871. 
 
 London, 1871, 8vo. 
 Keble, John. — Occasional Papers 
 
 and Reviews. Oxford, 1877, 
 
 8vo. 
 Life of Sir Walter Scott, pp. 1-80 ; 
 
 reprinted from the British Critic, 
 
 1838. 
 Landon, Letitia E. — Life and 
 
 literary remains ol L. E. L. by
 
 XXIV 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 La man Blanchard. 2 vols. 
 London, 1S41, 8vo. 
 
 The Female Picture Gallery. 
 Scott'9 Female Characters, vol. ii, 
 pp. 81-194. 
 
 Lang, Andrew. — Letters to Dead 
 Authors. London, 1886, Svo. 
 
 To Sir Walter Scott, Bart., pp. 
 152-161. 
 
 Lectures. — TheAfternoon Lectures 
 on English Literature delivered 
 at . . . Dublin, 1863. Lon- 
 don, 1863, Svo. 
 
 On the Classical and Romantic 
 Schools of English Literature as 
 represented by Spenser, Drydun, 
 Pope, Scott, and Wordsworth, by 
 William Rushton, first series, pp. 
 41-92. 
 
 The Afternoon Lectures on 
 
 Literature and Art delivered 
 in Dublin, 1867 and 1868. 
 Fifth series. Dublin, 1869, 
 
 8vo. 
 
 The Poetry of Sir Walter Scott, by 
 Rev. J. II. Jellett, pp. 51-S9. 
 
 Lee, II. — The Life of the Emperor 
 Napoleon ; with an appendix, 
 containing an examination of 
 Sir W. Scott's Life of Napoleon 
 Bonaparte, ete. Vol. i. Lon- 
 don, 1834, 8vo. 
 
 Lennox, Lord William Pitt. — 
 Celebrities I have known, etc. 
 Second series. 2 vols. Lon- 
 don, 1877, 8vo. 
 
 Walter Scott, vol. ii, pp. 21-33. 
 
 Leslie, Charles R. — Autobiogra- 
 phical Recollections. 2 vols. 
 London, I860, Svo. 
 References to Sir W. Scott. 
 
 Lockhart, C. S. M.— The Centen- 
 ary Memorial of Sir W. Scott, 
 P>art. [With illustrations]. Lon- 
 don. 1871, Svo. 
 
 Lockhart, J. G. — Memoirs of the 
 life of Sir Walter Scott, Bart. 
 7 vols. Edinburgh, 1837-38, 
 12mo. 
 
 Another edition. 10 vols. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1839, 16mo. 
 
 Lockhart, J. G. — Another edition. 
 
 Edinburgh, 1S45, 8vo. 
 Another edition. Edinburgh, 
 
 I860, 8vo. 
 Another edition (Chandos 
 
 Library). London [1881], 8vo. 
 The Life of Sir W. Scott. 
 
 Abridged from the larger work 
 by J. G. L. With a prefatory 
 letter by J. R. Hope Scott. 
 Edinburgh, 1871, Svo. 
 — Epitome of Lockhart's Life 
 of Scott by H. J. Jenkinson. 
 Edinburgh, 1873, 8vo. 
 ■The Ballantyne - Humbug 
 
 handled, in a letter to Sir 
 A. Fergusson [in answer 
 to a pamphlet, entitled "Re- 
 futation of the Misstatements 
 and Calumnies contained in Mr. 
 Lockhart's Life of Sir W. Scott, 
 Bart., respecting the Messrs. 
 Ballantyne. By the Trustees 
 and Son of the late James 
 Ballantyne."] Edinburgh, 1839, 
 8vo. 
 
 MacCrie, Thomas — Vindication of 
 the Covenanters, in a review of 
 the "Tales of my Landlord." 
 Edinburgh, 1845, 8vo. 
 
 Mackay, Charles. — Forty Years' 
 Recollections of Life, Literature, 
 etc. , from 1830 to 1870. 2 vols. 
 London, 1877, 8vo. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott and his Monu- 
 ment, vol. i., pp. 175-206. 
 
 Through the Long Day ; or, 
 
 Memorials of a literary life 
 during half a century. London, 
 1887, 8vo. 
 
 The Scott Monument at Edin- 
 burgh, vol. i., pp. 143-148. 
 
 Mackenzie, R. Shelton. — Sir 
 Walter Scott; the story of his 
 life. Boston [U.S.], 1871, 8vo. 
 
 MacLeod, Donald. — Life of Sir W. 
 Scott. New York, 1852, 12mo.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 XXV 
 
 Martini -an, Harriet. — Miscellanies. 
 2 vols. Boston [U.S.], 1836, 
 8vo. 
 
 Characteristics of the Genius of 
 of Scott, vnl. i., pp. 1-12; appeared 
 originally in Taita Edinburgh 
 M igazine, 1832. Achievements of 
 the' Genius of Scott, pp. 27-56; 
 originally appeared in same maga- 
 zine, 1833. 
 
 Mason, Edward T.— Personal 
 Traits of British Authors, etc. 
 Edited by E. Mason. 2 vols. 
 New York, 18S5, 8vo. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott, vol. ii., pp. 
 5-78. 
 
 Massachusetts Historical Society. 
 —Tribute to Walter Scott on the 
 one hundredth anniversary of 
 his birthday, Aug. 15, 1871. 
 Boston [U.S.], 1872, 8vo. 
 
 Addresses by the President, the 
 Hon. R. C. Winthrop, Ralph Waldo 
 Emerson, and Letters from O. W. 
 Holmes, W. C. Bryant, etc., pp. 
 139-150. 
 
 Masson, David.— British Novelists 
 and their Styles, etc. Cam- 
 bridge, 1859, 8vo. 
 
 Scott and his influence, pp. 155- 
 207. 
 
 Miller, Hugh.— Essays, historical 
 and biographical, political and 
 social, literary and scientitic. 
 Edinburgh, 1862, 8vo. 
 
 The Abbotsford Baronetcy, pp. 
 4S7-495. 
 
 Leading Articles on various 
 
 Subjects. Edinburgh, 1870, 
 8vo. 
 
 The Scott Monument, pp. 111- 
 118. 
 
 Mitchell, Donald G.— About old 
 Storv-Tellers, etc. New York, 
 
 1878, Svo. 
 
 A Scotch Magician, pp. 100-197. 
 Moir, D. M.— Sketches of the 
 poetical literature of the past 
 half-century. Cambridge, 1851, 
 Svo. 
 Scott, pp. 116-127. 
 
 Napier, Sir W. F. P.— History of 
 the War in the Peninsula and 
 in the South of France. 
 (Answers to some attacks in 
 Robinson's Life of Picton, etc. 
 Justificatory pieces, in reply to 
 Colonel Gurwood, Mr. Alison, 
 Sir W. Scott, etc.) 6 vols. 
 London, 1828-40, 8vo. 
 Nayler, B. S. — A Memoir of the 
 Life and Writings of Walter 
 Scott, etc. Amsterdam, 1833, 
 12mo. 
 Nichols, John. — Illustrations of 
 the Literary History of the 
 Eighteenth Century, etc. 8 
 vols. London, 1817-58, Svo. 
 Numerous references to Scott. 
 Nicoll, Henry J. — Landmarks of 
 English Literature. London, 
 1883, 8vo. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott, pp. 323-340. 
 Notes and Queries. — General 
 Index to Notes and Queries. 
 Five Series. London, 1856- 
 1880, 4to. 
 
 Numerous references to Scott. 
 Oliphant, Mrs. M. O.— The 
 Literary History of England, 
 etc. 3 vols. London, 1882, 
 8vo. 
 
 Walter Scott, vol. ii., pp. 94-180. 
 Parton, James. — Some noted 
 Princes, Authors, and Statesmen 
 of our Time. Edited by J. P. 
 New York [1886], 8 vol 
 
 Sir Walter Scott's Home, by 
 Louise Chandler Moulton, pp. 
 225-229. 
 Poets. — Evenings with the Poets, 
 etc. London, 1860, Svo. 
 Scott, pp. 276-2S0. 
 Prescott, William II.— Critical 
 and Historical Essays. Second 
 edition. London, 1850, Svo. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott, pp. 120-106; 
 originally contributed to the North 
 American Revieie, April 1838.
 
 XXVI 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Pry, Peter. — Marmion Travestied ; 
 a tale of modern times. By 
 Peter Pry. London, 1809, 8vo. 
 
 Quiz, Jeremiah. — The Ass on 
 Parnassus ; and from Scotland 
 Ge ho !! comes Roderigh Vich 
 Neddy Dim, Ho! Jeroe !! Canto 
 i., ii. of a poem entitled " What 
 are Scots Collops ? " a prophetic 
 tale, written in imitation of the 
 Lady of the Lake. By J. Q 
 London, 1811, 4to. 
 
 Marmion Feats ; A day 
 
 before the Tournament. — A pro- 
 phetic tale, written in imitation 
 of the Lady of the Lake, being 
 a sequel to the Ass on Par- 
 nassus, etc. London, 1811, 4to. 
 
 Reed, Henry. — Lectures on the 
 British Poets. London, 1857, 
 8vo. 
 Scott, pp. 241-259. 
 
 Rice, Allen T. —Essays from the 
 North American Review. Edited 
 by A. T. K. New York, 1879, 
 8vo. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott, by W. H. Pres- 
 cott (183S), pp. 3-63. 
 
 Richardson, David Lester. — 
 Literary Chit-Chat, etc. Cal- 
 cutta, 1848, 8vo. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott and Lord Byron, 
 pp. 168-179. 
 
 Rogers, Charles. — The Centenary 
 Garland : being pictorial illus- 
 trations of the novels of Sir W. 
 Scott, in their order of publica- 
 tion, by G. Cruikshank and 
 other artists. With descrip- 
 tions, memoir, etc. [By C. 
 Rogers.] Edinburgh, 1871, 
 4to. 
 
 Rogers, May. — The Waverley 
 Dictionary : an alphabetical 
 arrangement of all the characters 
 in Sir Walter Scott's Waverley 
 Novels, etc. Chicago, 1879, 
 8vo. 
 
 Rogers, Samuel. — Recollections of 
 the Table-Talk of Samuel 
 Rogers. Third edition. Lon- 
 don, 1856, 8vo. 
 
 Numsrous references to Sir 
 Walter Scott. 
 
 Rossetti, William Michael. — Live3 
 of Famous Poets. London 
 [18S5], 8vo. 
 
 Walter Scott, pp. 219-234. 
 
 S., W.— To His Majesty's Ship 
 Barham, appointed to convey 
 Sir W. Scott to Naples. 
 [Verses signed W. S.]— [1831], 
 4to. 
 
 Scott, John. — Journal of a Tour 
 to Waterloo and Paris, in com- 
 pany with Sir Walter Scott, in 
 1815. London, 1842, 12mo. 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. — Illustrations 
 of W. S.'s Lay of the Last 
 Minstrel : consisting of twelve 
 views of tho rivers Borthwick, 
 Ettrick, Yarrow, Tiviot, and 
 Tweed. Engraved by J. Heath 
 from designs by J. C. Schetky, 
 with anecdotes and descriptions. 
 London, 1808, 4to. 
 
 The Lady of the Lake : a 
 
 romance. Founded on the 
 poem, so called, by W. S. 2 
 vols. London, 1810, 12mo. 
 
 Jokeby, a burlesque on [Sir 
 
 Walter Scott's] Rokeby : a poem 
 in six cantos. By an Amateur 
 of Fashion. Fifth edition. 
 London, 1812, 12mo. 
 
 -Sixth edition. London, 
 
 1813, 12mo. 
 -The Lay of the Poor Fiddler, 
 
 a parody on the Lay of the Last 
 Minstrel, with notes and illus- 
 trations. By an admirer of 
 Walter Scott. London, 1814, 
 8vo. 
 
 — Illustrations of the Novels 
 and Tales of the Author of 
 Waverley : a series of portraits
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 XXVll 
 
 of eminent historical characters 
 introduced in these works. 
 Accompanied with biographical 
 notices. Pts. 1-7. London, 
 1823, 8vo. 
 
 No more published. 
 
 A Discourse on the compara- 
 tive merits of Scott and Byron, as 
 writers of poetry. Delivered 
 before a Literary Institution in 
 1820. [Glasgow], 1824, 8vo. 
 
 — The Fortunes of Nigel, Lord 
 Glenvarloch, and Margaret Ram- 
 say. An interesting narrative 
 [founded upon Sir W. Scott's 
 Novel]. London [1825], 8vo. 
 
 A Summary Account of Sir 
 
 W. S., the Scottish Novelist. 
 Edinburgh [1832 ?], s. sh., 8vo. 
 
 — Soirees d' Abbotsford, chron- 
 iques et nouvelles recueillies 
 dans les salons de W. S. Paris, 
 1834, 8vo. 
 
 — A Parallel of Shakespeare and 
 Scott ; being the substance of 
 three lectures. . . . 1833 and 
 1834. London, 1835, 8vo. 
 
 Guide pittoresque du voyageur 
 
 en Ecosse, rcpresentant les 
 principaux edifices et tous les 
 lieux cites par Walter Scott. 
 Paris, 1838, 8vo. 
 
 — Statues of Old Mortality 
 and his pony, and of Sir W. 
 S., at Laurel Hill Cemetery, 
 near Philadelphia. Philadelphia, 
 1839, 8vo. 
 
 Auxiliary subscription for 
 
 securing the erection of the 
 Scott Monument in Edinburgh, 
 on the scale of 180 feet in height. 
 Edinburgh, 1840, 12mo. 
 
 The "Waverley Gallery of the 
 
 principal Female Characters in 
 Sir W. S.'s romances. From 
 original paintings by eminent 
 artists. Engraved under the 
 
 superintendence of C. Heath. 
 London, 1841, 8vo. 
 — Narrative of the Life of Sir 
 
 W. S., begun by himself and 
 continued by J. G. Lockhart. 
 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1848, 
 12mo. 
 
 — Life of Sir. W. S. , begun by 
 himself and continued by J. G. 
 Lockhart. (An abridgment 
 embracing only what may more 
 strictly be called narrative.) 
 Second edition. Edinburgh, 
 1853, 8vo. 
 
 — Particulars and conditions of 
 
 Sale of Copyrights, etc., of the 
 Works of Sir Walter Scott, 
 Bart., comprising his Novels, 
 Poetry, Prose Writings, etc. 
 London [1851], 4to. 
 -Beautes de W. S. Magnifiqnes 
 
 portraits des heroines de W. S. 
 accompagnes chacun d' un por- 
 trait litteraire per MM. 
 A. Dumas, Carmouche, E. 
 Souvestre, F. Soulie, Fournier, 
 J. Janin, H. Rolle, Lafitte, etc. 
 Paris [1852], 8vo. 
 — A Few Hours with Scott ; 
 being sketches in the way of 
 supplement to the " Lord of 
 the Isles" and " Rokeby." 
 By one of his old readers. 
 Edinburgh, 1856, 8vo. 
 -The Land of Scott; or, 
 
 tourist's guide to Abbotsford, 
 the Country of the Tweed and 
 its tributaries, and St. Mary's 
 Loch. [With views printed in 
 colours.] London, 1858, 16mo. 
 — The Land of Scott, etc. 
 (Nelson's Handbooks for Tour 
 ists.) London, 1859, 8vo. 
 -The Scott Exhibition, 1871. 
 
 Catalogue of the Exhibition 
 held in Edinburgh, in July and 
 August 1871, on occasiou of
 
 XXV111 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 the Commemoration of the 
 Centenary of the birth of Sir 
 "Walter Scott. [Preface by Sir 
 W. Stirling Maxwell.] Edin- 
 burgh, 1872, 4to. 
 
 Senior, Nassau William. — Essays 
 on Fiction. London, 1864, 
 Svo. 
 sir Walter Scott, pp. 1-188. 
 
 Shairp, John Campbell. — Aspects 
 of Poetry ; being lectures de- 
 livered at Oxford. Oxford, 
 1881, 8vo. 
 
 I he Homeric Spirit in Walter 
 Scott, pp. o;>7-4iG. 
 
 Sime, William. — To and fro; 
 or, views from sea and land. 
 London, 1884, Svo. 
 
 Scott's Influence in French Litera- 
 ture, pp. 172-178. 
 
 Skene, James. — A Series of 
 Sketches of the Existing Local- 
 ities alluded to in the " Waverley 
 Novels." Etched from original 
 drawings by J. S. Edinburgh, 
 1829, Svo. 
 
 Sorell, Thomas Stephen. — Notes 
 of the Campaign of 1808-9, in 
 the North of Spain, in reference 
 to some passages in Lieut. -Col. 
 Napier's History of the War in 
 the Peninsula, and in Sir W. 
 Scott's Life of Napoleon Bona- 
 parte. London, 1828, Svo. 
 
 Sproat, Gilbert M.— Sir Walter 
 Scott as a Poet, etc. Edin- 
 burgh, 1871, Svo. 
 
 Stephen, Leslie. — liouis in a Li- 
 brary. London, 1874, 8vo. 
 Some words about Sir Walter 
 tt, pp. 218 
 
 Stevens, 11. I., and A. — Scott 
 and Scotland ; or, historical 
 and romantic Illustrations of 
 Scottish Story. With steel 
 engravings. London [1845], 
 Svo. 
 
 Taylor, J. — The Caledoniau Comet 
 [i.e., Sir W. S. A satirical 
 
 poem, by J. Taylor]. London, 
 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Tegg, William. — Anecdotes of 
 Napoleon Buonaparte and his 
 times. Selected from the writ- 
 ings of Sir W. Scott, etc. Lon- 
 don, 1S78, 16mo. 
 
 Ticknor, George. — Life, Letters, 
 and Journals of G. T. 2 vols. 
 London, 1876, 8vo. 
 Numerous references to Scott. 
 
 Tillotson, John. — The New 
 Waverley Album. Illustrated 
 with numerous engravings on 
 steel, after designs by C Stan- 
 field, D. Roberts, W. Daniell, 
 C. Fielding, etc. The text by 
 J. T. London [1859], 4. to. 
 
 Album of Scottish Scenery : 
 
 a series of views, illustrating 
 several places of interest men- 
 tioned in Sir W. Scott's Poems 
 and Novels. By D. Roberts, 
 W. Westall, J. M. W. Turner. 
 With descriptions by J. T. 
 London [1860], 4to. 
 
 Touchstone, Timothy, pseud. — A 
 letter to the author of Waverley, 
 Ivanhoe, etc., on the moral 
 tendency of thos<s works. Lon- 
 don, 1820, 12mo. 
 
 Tuckerman, Bayard. — A History 
 of English Prose Fiction, etc. 
 New York, 1852, 8vo. 
 Scott, pp. 278-284. 
 
 Turner, J. M. W. — A descriptive 
 catalogue of drawings expressly 
 made for " Views in England 
 and Wales," and also for Sir 
 Walter Scott's poetical works. 
 [London, 1833] 8vo. 
 
 Vedder, David. — Memoir of Sir 
 W. Scott, with critical notices 
 of his writings. Compiled from 
 authentic sources. Dundee, 
 1832, 12mo.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 XXIX 
 
 Veitch, John. — The History and 
 Poetry of the Scottish Border, 
 etc. Glasgow, 1878, 8vo. 
 Sir Walter Scott, pp. 490-518. 
 
 The Feeling for Nature in 
 
 Scottish Poetry. 2 vols. Edin- 
 burgh, 18S7, Svo. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott, vol. ii., pp. 183- 
 228. 
 
 Ward, Thomas Humphrey. — The 
 English Poets, etc. Edited by 
 T. H. W. Second edition. 4 
 vols. London, 18S3, 8vo. 
 
 Walter Scott, by Goldwin Smith, 
 vol. iv., pp. 186-220. 
 
 Warner Richard. — Illustrations, 
 historical, biographical, and 
 miscellaneous, of the Novels by 
 the author of "Waverley. " 
 With criticisms, general and 
 particular. 3 vols. London, 
 1823-24, 12mo. 
 
 Watt, James Crabb. — Great 
 Novelists — Scott, Thackeray, 
 Dickens, Lvtton. London 
 [1835], Svo. 
 Scott, pp. 1-95. 
 
 Waverley, E. B.— [i.e., John Wil- 
 son Croker.] — Two letters on 
 Scottish affairs from Edward 
 Bradwardine Waverley, Esq., 
 to Malachi Malagrovvther, Esq. 
 [Sir Walter Scott : in reply to 
 his "Thoughts on the proposed 
 change of currency," etc]. 
 London, 1826, Svo. 
 
 Weir, William. — Life of Sir 
 Walter Scott, with critical 
 notices of his writings [begun 
 by W. W. and completed by 
 George Allan]. Edinburgh, 
 1834, 8vo. 
 
 Welsh, Alfred H. — Development 
 of English Literature and 
 Language. Chicago, 1882, 
 8vo. 
 Scott, vol. ii., pp. 321-330. 
 
 Whipple, Edwin P. — Essays and 
 Reviews. 2 vols. Third edi- 1 
 
 tion. Boston [U.S.], 1850, 
 8vo. 
 Scott, vol. i., pp. 319-329. 
 
 White, James. — Robert Bums 
 and Walter Scott. Two Lives. 
 London, 1858, 8vo. 
 
 Willis, N. P. — Famous Persons 
 and Famous Places. London, 
 1854, 8vo. 
 References to Scott. 
 
 Withers, William. — A Letter to 
 Sir Walter Scott, Bart., respect- 
 ing certain errors in his late 
 essay on planting, etc. Lon- 
 don, 1828, Svo. 
 
 Wright, G. N. — Landscape-his- 
 torical illustrations of Scotland 
 and the Waverley Novels, from 
 drawings by J. M. W. Turner, 
 etc. Descriptions bv G. N. W. 
 2 vols. London [1836-38], 4to. 
 
 Yonge, Charles Duke.— Three 
 Centuries of English Literature. 
 London, 1872, 8vo. 
 Scott, pp. 294-322. 
 
 Young, Charles Mayne. — A 
 Memoir of C. M. Y., tragedian, 
 with extracts from his son's 
 journal. By Julian C. Young. 
 'I vols. London, 1871, Svo. 
 
 Visit to Abbotsford, vol. i., pp. 
 137-150. 
 
 Plays, etc., Founded on 
 Scott's Works. 
 The Waverley Dramas, from the 
 novels of Sir W. S. [Guy 
 Mannering, by D. Terry ; Rob 
 Roy, by 1. Pocock ; Heart of 
 Midlothian, Kenilworth, Anti- 
 quary, Fortunes of Nigel, 
 Peveril of the Peak, and 
 Ivanhoe, by D. Terry ?] Lon- 
 don, 1S45-1823, 12mo. 
 
 Each play has a distinct pagina- 
 tion. The title-page only is of the 
 date of 1S45, the plays having 
 been published earlier, some with- 
 out a date, and others with the date 
 of 1823.
 
 XXX 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Le Chateau de Looh-Leven, Melo- 
 drame historique en trois actes 
 [and in prose], unite" [from The 
 Abbot] de W. S. Par R. C. 
 Guilbert de Pixerecourt. Paris, 
 1822, 8vo. 
 
 The Antiquary ; a musical play iu 
 three acts from Sir W. S. To 
 which is prefixed a memoir of 
 his life. By D.Terry. (Cumber- 
 land' 3 British Theatre, vol. 
 xxxi. ) 
 
 The Antiquary, a musical play, in 
 three acts [and in prose, with 
 songs], taken from the cele- 
 brated novel of that name. By 
 D. Terry. London, 1820, 8vo. 
 
 King Arthur and the Knights of 
 the Round Table ; a new grand 
 chivalric entertainment in three 
 acts [and in verse. Adapted 
 from the " Bridal of Triermain"]. 
 London, 1834, 8vo. 
 
 La Fiancee de Lamniermoor, piece 
 heroique en trois actes [and in 
 prose] imitee du roman de Sir 
 W. S. par V. Ducange. Paris, 
 1828, 8vo. 
 
 ( Thidtre Contemporaine Il- 
 lusive; Liv. 425). Paris, 1860, 
 fol. 
 
 Lucia di Lammermoor. A tragic 
 opera in three acts [and in verse. 
 Dramatised from Sir W. Scott's 
 " Bride of Lammermoor "], Ital. 
 and Eng. London [1848], 12mo. 
 
 The Bride of Lammermoor, a 
 drama in four acts [and in 
 prose]. Adapted from Sir W. 
 S.'s celebrated romance, by J. 
 W. Calcraft. (Lacy's Acting 
 Edition of Plays, etc., vol. 
 xxviii. ) London [1857], 12mo. 
 
 An English Version of Lucia di 
 Lammermoor ; a grand opera 
 in three acts. [Adapted from 
 S. Camerano's Italian drama, 
 
 founded on Sir W. S.'s " Bride 
 of Lammermoor "]. Music by 
 Donizetti. (Lacy's Acting Edi- 
 tion of Plays, etc., vol. lxxviii.) 
 London [1868], 12mo. 
 
 The Fair Maid of Perth ; or, the 
 Battle of the Inch. A grand 
 historical drama, in three acts. 
 Founded on Sir W. S.'s Novel. 
 By H. M. Milner. (Lacy's 
 Acting Edition of Plays, etc., 
 vol. lxxi). London [1866], 
 12mo. 
 
 Nigel; or, The Crown Jewels: a 
 play in five acts, founded on 
 Sir W. Scott's romance, " The 
 Fortunes of Nigel." London, 
 1823, 8vo. 
 
 The Fortunes of Nigel. A melo- 
 dramatic romance, in three acts, 
 by Edward Fitz-Ball. (Cum- 
 berland's Minor Theatre, vol. iv. ) 
 London [1828], 12mo. 
 
 Guy Mannering ; or, the Gipsey's 
 Prophecy : a musical play in 
 three acts [in prose, with songs, 
 founded on Sir W. Scott's 
 Romauce of "Guy Manner- 
 ing"]. Second edition. Lon- 
 don, 1816, 8vo. 
 
 Third edition. London, 1817, 
 
 8vo. 
 
 Fourth edition. London, 
 
 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Guy Mannering ; or, the Gipsey's 
 Prophecy : a drama in three 
 acts. (Hodgson's Juvenile 
 Drama). London [1822], 
 12mo. " 
 
 La Sorciere, ou 1' Orphelin Ecos- 
 sais : liiclodrame en trois actes 
 et en prose, tird [from Guy 
 Mannering] de Walter Scott, 
 par MM. Frederic [Dupetit- 
 Mere] et Victor [Henri Joseph 
 Braliain Ducange]. Paris, 1821, 
 8vo.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 XXXI 
 
 Guy Mannering. By D. Terry. 
 (The British Drama, vol. i.) 
 London, 1S64, 8vo. 
 
 The Heart of Midlothian ; or, 
 the Lily of St. Leonard's. 
 A drama in three acts. 
 (Hodgzon's Juvenile Drama). 
 Loudon [1822], 12mo. 
 
 The Heart of Midlothian : a melo- 
 dramatic romance in three 
 acts, by Thomas Dibdin. (Cum- 
 berland's Minor Tlieatre, vol. i). 
 London [1828], 12mo. 
 
 The Heart of Midlothian ; or, 
 the Sisters of St. Leonard's. A 
 drama in three acts. Adapted, 
 with introductions, from S. Dib- 
 tlin's play, by T. H. Lacy. 
 (Lacy's Acting Edition of Plays, 
 vol. lvii.) London [1863], 12mo. 
 
 Ivanhoe; or, theKnightTemplarfa 
 play in three acts, and in prose], 
 adapted from the novel of that 
 name. London, 1820, 8vo. 
 
 Ivanhoe ; or, the Jew and his 
 daughter. [Founded on Sir 
 Walter Scott's romance.] Lon- 
 don, 1820, 12mo. 
 
 Ivanhoe. A chivalric play, 
 founded on the popular! ro- 
 mance of Ivanhoe. By W. T. 
 Moncrieff. London, 1820, 8vo. 
 
 The Hebrew : a drama in five acts 
 [and in "verse ; founded on Sir 
 W. Scott's "Ivanhoe"]. By 
 George Soaue. London, 1820, 8vo. 
 
 Ivanhoe ; or, the Jew of York. A 
 drama in three acts. (Hodg- 
 son's Juvenile Drama.) Lon- 
 don [1822], 12mo. 
 
 Ivanhoe ; or, the Jew's Daughter : 
 a melodramatic romance in 
 three acts. By Thomas Dib- 
 din. London, 1820, 8vo. 
 
 Another edition. (Cumber- 
 land's Minor Theatre, vol. ii.) 
 London [1828], 12mo. 
 
 Ivanhoe, an extravaganza, by 
 Henry J. Byron. (Lacy 8 Act- 
 inj Edition of Plays, vol. 59.) 
 London [1864], 12mo. 
 
 The Last Edition of Ivanhoe, an 
 extravaganza, by the Brothers 
 Brough. ( Webster's Acting 
 National Drama, vol. xvi.) 
 London [1849], 12mo. 
 
 Ivanhoe, a historical drama, in 
 three acts. Dramatised by Fox 
 Cooper. (Dick's Standard Plays, 
 No. 385). London [1883], 12mo. 
 
 The Maid of Judah ; or, the 
 Knights Templars ; a serious 
 opera in three acts, dramatised 
 from Sir \V. S.'s Ivanhoe by 
 M. R Lacy. (Cumberland's 
 Brit sh Theatre, vol. xxv). 
 
 The Templar and the Jewess : a 
 grand romantic opera in three 
 acts, from Sir W. S.'s novel of 
 Ivanhoe. Germ, and Eng. 
 London [1842], 12mo. 
 
 Ivanhoe, opera en trois actes, 
 imite de 1' Anglais par MM. *** 
 [i.e., E. Deschamps and A. F. L. 
 de Wailly]. Paris, 1826, 
 8vo. 
 
 Dor Templer und die Jiidin. 
 Grosse romantische Oper in drei 
 Aufztigen nach W. S's Roman 
 " Ivanhoe," frei bearbeitet von 
 W. A. Wohlbruck. Leipzig, 
 1829, 12mo. 
 
 II Templario. Opera seria in tre 
 atti cavatodel Romanzod' Ivanoe 
 de W. S. da G. M. Marini. 
 Ital. and Fr. Parigi, 1868, 
 8vo. 
 
 Les Normands. Grand opeVa en 
 cinq actes. [Founded on Sir W. 
 S.'s " Ivanhoe."] Paroles et 
 niusique de A. Castegnier. Trou- 
 ville [1886], 12mo. 
 
 Le Chateau de Kenilworth, melo- 
 drame en trois actes, tire du
 
 XXX11 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 roman de Sir W. S. par MM. 
 Boirie et II. Lemairc. Paris, 
 1S22, Svo. 
 
 Kcnilworth. A drama in two 
 acts. By T. Dibdin. (Cumber- 
 land's British Theatre, vol. 
 xxxix.) 
 
 Kcnilworth, a coruic operatic ex- 
 travaganza, in one act, by 
 Andrew Halliday and Frederick 
 Lawrance. (Lacy's Acting Edi- 
 tion of Plays, vol. xxxviii.) Lou- 
 don [1859], 12mo. 
 
 Kenilworth. A drama in two 
 acts, by T. Dibdin and A. Bunn. 
 (Lacy's Acting Edition of Plays, 
 etc., vol. xcviii.) London, 
 [1S74], 12mo. 
 
 Oxbci ry's edition. Kenilworth, a 
 melodrama. By W. Oxberry. 
 (English Drama, vol. xix.) Lon- 
 don, 1824, 8vo. 
 
 S'liauspiele von J. R. Lenz. Nach 
 W. Scott's Kenilworth und 
 Ivanhoe, by J. R. L. 2 pts. 
 Mainz, 1826, 8vo. 
 
 The Earl of Leicester : a Tragedy. 
 [Founded on Sir W. Scott's 
 novel of Kenilworth.] By 
 Samuel Heath. London, 1843, 
 8vo. 
 
 Leicester, drama in vyf bedryven. 
 Naer W. S. door F. Roelants. 
 Brussel, 1852, 8vo. 
 
 The Lady of the Lake ; a melo- 
 dramatic romance in three acts 
 [and in verse], taken from the 
 popular poem of that title. By 
 E. J. Eyre. London, 1811, 8vo. 
 
 The Lady of the Lake. A drama 
 in three acts [and in verse], 
 founded on the popular poem 
 written by W. S., Esq., etc. 
 Dublin [1811], 12nio. 
 
 Another edition. Dublin, 
 
 1811, 12mo. 
 
 The Knight of Snowdoun : a musi- 
 cal drama in three acts [founded 
 on the "Lady of the Lake"]. 
 Bv Thomas Morton. London, 
 1811, Svo. 
 
 La Donna del Lago ; melodramma 
 in musica [in two acts, and in 
 verse. Founded on Sir W. S.'s 
 " Lady of the Lake," by A. L. 
 Tottola]. Firenze, 1825, 12mo. 
 
 Another edition. Roma, 
 
 1827, 12mo. 
 
 Another edition. Milano, 
 
 1838, 12mo. 
 
 La Donna del Lago. The Lady ol 
 the Lake : a melodramatic opera 
 in two acts. [Founded by A. L. 
 Tottola upon Sir \V. Scott's 
 " Lady of the Lake."] Ital. and 
 Eng. London, 1829, 8vo. 
 
 The Lady of the Lake. A Roman - 
 tic Drama in three acts. (Lacy's 
 Acting Edition of Plays, vol. 
 xxxiii.) London [1858], 8vo. 
 
 The Lady of the Lake, plaid in a 
 new tartan. An ephemeral bur- 
 lesque by R. Reece. (Lacy's 
 Acting Edition of Plays, vol. 
 lxxi.) London [1866], 12mo. 
 
 Border Feuds ; or, the Lady of 
 Buccleuch. A musical drama 
 in three acts. Founded on Mr. 
 S.'s poem of " The Lay of the 
 Last Minstrel," etc. Dublin, 
 [1811], 12mo. 
 
 The Spectre Knight. Songs and 
 other vocal compositions, with 
 an outline of the plot, and 
 a description of the scenery, in 
 the grand Caledonian aquatic 
 romance (partly founded on Sir 
 W. Scott's Marmion) called the 
 Spectre Knight. By C. J. M. 
 Dibdin. London, 1810, 8vo. 
 
 Marmion ; or, Flodden Field. A 
 drama [in five acts, and in verse],
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 XXX111 
 
 founded on the poem of W. S. 
 London, 1812, 8vo. 
 
 Montrose ; or, the Children of the 
 Mist. A musical drama in three 
 acts. Founded on the Legend 
 of Montrose. By I. Pocock. 
 London, 1822, 8vo. 
 
 L'Exile, vaudeville en deux actes, 
 tire* des Puritains d'Ecosse (Old 
 Mortality) do Sir Walter Seott. 
 Par Achille Dartois, Theodore 
 Anne, et de Tully. Pai is, 1 828, 
 8vo. 
 
 Quentin Durward: a drama [in 
 three acts, arid in prose] founded 
 on the novel of the same name, 
 by the author of Wavcrley. By 
 James L. Huie. Edinburgh, 
 1823, 8vo. 
 
 Rob Roy ; a Drama by G. Soane, 
 (Cumberland's British Theatre, 
 vol. xxxvi). 
 
 Rob Roy Macgregor ; or, Auld 
 Lang Syne ! A musical drama 
 in three acts [and in prose, with 
 songs]. Founded on the popu- 
 lar novel of Rob Roy. By Isaac 
 Pocock. London, 1818, 8vo. 
 
 Second edition. London, 
 
 1818, 8vo. 
 
 (Oxberry's English Drama, 
 
 vol. x). London, 1820, 8vo. 
 
 ■ (Lacy's Acting Edition of 
 
 Plays xol. iii). London [1851], 
 8vo. 
 -(British Drama,wo\. ii). Lon- 
 
 don, 1864, 8vo. 
 
 Rokeby ; or, the Border Chief. 
 A drama in three acts [and in 
 prose], founded on Sir W. S.'s 
 poem of Rokeby. By J. H. 
 Thompson. St. Louis, 1851, 
 12mo. 
 
 The Knights of the Cross ; or, the 
 hermit's prophecy : a romantic 
 drama in three acts, from [the 
 Talisman of] Sir W. S., by the 
 
 author of the Steward, etc. 
 
 (Cumberland's British Theatre, 
 
 vol. xxxiv). 
 Woodstock. A play in five acts 
 
 [and in prose], founded on the 
 
 popular novel of that name. 
 
 By Isaac Pocock. London, 
 
 1826, 8vo. 
 Charles Stuart; ou, le Chateau de 
 
 Woodstock: melodiame en tiois 
 
 actes tire du roman de Sir W. 
 
 S. Paroles de M. F<Slix D [e] 
 
 C [roisy] and A. Beraud. Paris, 
 
 1826, 8vo. 
 
 Songs and other Musical Com- 
 positions, FOUNDED ON, OR 
 taken from, tiie works 
 of Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 The Overture, Songs, etc., in Guy 
 Mannering composed by T. 
 Attwood and Sir H. R. Bishop, 
 1816. 
 
 Les Normands (founded on Ivan- 
 hoe). By A. Castcguier, 1886. 
 
 La Donna del Lago. Opera, by 
 Rossini, 1819. 
 
 Lucia di Lammermoor. Opera, 
 by G. Donizetti, 1859. 
 
 Quentin Durward. Opera comique, 
 by Cormon and Carre. Music by 
 Gevaert, 1858. 
 
 Alice Brand. Cantata, by H. 
 Gadsby, 1876. 
 
 The Bridal of Triermain. Cantata, 
 by E. Aguilar, 1884. 
 
 Same, by F. Corder, 1886. 
 
 The Lady of the Lake. Cantata, 
 by Sir G. A. Macfarren, 1877. 
 
 The Lay of the Last Minstrel. 
 Cantata, bv T. M. Pattison, 
 18S5. 
 
 The Lord of the Isles. A drama- 
 tic Cantata by H. Gadsby, 
 1879.
 
 XXXIV 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Albyn's Anthology ; or, a select 
 collection of the melodies and 
 vocal poetry of Scotland and 
 the Isles, collected and arranged 
 by A. Campbell. The modern 
 Scottish and English verses 
 adapted to the Highland, 
 Hebridean, and Lowland Melo- 
 dies. Written by Walter Scott, 
 etc., 1816. 
 
 The Centenary Souvenir. Six 
 songs by Sir W. Scott. Music 
 by G. Croal, 1871. 
 
 Gesange von W. S. By A. Jensen, 
 1875. 
 
 Musical Illustrations of the Waver- 
 ley Novels. By Eliza Flower, 
 1831. 
 
 Musical illustrations of the Waver- 
 ley novels. By T. Eyton, 1840. 
 
 Norman'3 song, and the Coronach 
 from the Lady of the Lake. By 
 J. G. C. Schetky, 1810. 
 
 Thomson's Collection of the songs 
 of Burns, Scott, etc., 1822. 
 
 Three Songs from Sir W. Scott's 
 Lady of the Lake. By F. 
 Schubert, 1861. 
 
 Vocal Sketches to words by Scott. 
 By E. Masson, 1850. 
 
 Wilson's Songs in the Lady of the 
 Lake, 1848. 
 
 " Adieu, jeunes filles " (from 
 The Pirate.) By N. J. J. 
 Masset, 1835. 
 
 " Ah ! County Guy," from 
 Quentin Durward. By Sir H. 
 R. Bishop, 1823 ; C. G. C. 
 Dick, 1885; E. F. Fitzwilliam, 
 1856 ; B. G. H. Gibsone, 1825 ; 
 G. F. Graham, 1823; J. P. 
 Hullah, 1871; E. A. Kellner, 
 1830; P. Knapton, 1825; Sir 
 G. A. Macfarren, 1873 {Choral 
 Society. No. 13) ; 0. Peiniger, 
 1879; T. E. G. Rovedino, 1823 ; 
 
 B. B. Simpson, 1879 ; Sir A. S. 
 Sullivan, 1867 and 1878; A. 
 Voigt, 1823. 
 
 Allen a Dale has no faggot " 
 
 (from liokeby). By J. Addison, 
 
 1813; J. Clarke, 1814; W. 
 
 Gresham, 1815 ; W. Hawes, 
 
 1822 ; M. Hume, 1879 ; W. 
 
 Russell, 1812. 
 
 And said I that my limbs were 
 
 old " (from The Lay of the Last 
 
 Minstrel). By J. Clarke, 1810. 
 
 And whither would you leave 
 
 me " (from Rokeby). By J. 
 
 Clarke, 1814. 
 1 An hour with thee when earliest 
 
 dawn." By C. A. Macirone, 
 
 1879. 
 ; Anna Marie, love " (from 
 
 Ivanhoe). By J. Clarke, 1820 ; 
 
 J. Hunter, 1820 ; G. Kiallmark, 
 
 1819. 
 
 As sunbeams through the tepid 
 
 air " — The Mermaid's Song. By 
 
 W. H. Longhurst, 1879. 
 
 Ave Maria, maiden mild " (from 
 
 The Lady of the Lake). By T. 
 
 Attwood, 1810 ; Sir H. R. 
 
 Bishop, 1810 ; N. Corri, 1810 ; 
 
 W. Hills (trio), 1865 ; F. W. 
 
 Kuecken, 1846 ; J. Mazzinghi. 
 
 1840 ; J. Ross, 1812 ; F. 
 
 Schubert, 1859. 
 ' Awake, my love, though 'tis not 
 
 day." By W. W. Woodward, 
 
 1857. 
 ; Behold me, sung Hassan " — 
 
 Hassan the Brave. By J. Clarke, 
 
 1825. 
 ' Breathes there a man " (from 
 
 The Lay of tJie Last Minstrel). 
 
 By J. Clarke, 1828. 
 1 Bring the bowl that you boast". 
 
 By C. A. Macirone, 1861. 
 ' Call it not vain." By D. W. J., 
 
 1832.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 XXXV 
 
 ; The dawn on the mountains 
 was mistv and grey " (from 
 Rokeby). ~By S. Webbe, 1815. 
 
 'Donald Caird ist wicder da." 
 By A. Jensen, 1875. 
 
 1 Farewell, Farewell, the voice 
 you hear" — The Pirate's Fare- 
 well. By Mrs. R. Arkwright, 
 1830. 
 
 Farewell, sad field " — Waterloo. 
 By J. W. Calleott, 1815. 
 Farewell to Northmaven (from 
 the Pirate). By J. Clarke, 1822 ; 
 F. H. Hodges, 1864 ; Sir G A. 
 Macfarren, 1S69 ; S. Webbe, 
 1821. 
 
 Fathoms deep beneath the 
 wave" (from the Pirate). By A. 
 Cowell, 1867 ; A. Fox, 1876 
 and 1885. 
 
 For all our men were very, very 
 merry." By P. Knapton, 1825. 
 From the steep promontory " 
 (from The Lady of the Lake). 
 By A. Radiger, 1811. 
 Full well our Christian sires of 
 old " — Christmas Eve : a glee 
 (from Marmiori). By T. Att- 
 wood, 1810. 
 
 Glowing with love " — The 
 Troubadour. By F. J. Liddle, 
 1879 ; Sir G. A. Macfarren, 
 
 Sir J. A. 
 
 song, 
 
 Stevenson, 
 By J. 
 
 By A. 
 H. R. 
 
 , Leslie, 
 
 1852; 
 
 1816. 
 
 Go forth, my 
 
 Clarke, 1815. 
 
 Hail to the Chief." 
 
 Aflleck, 1879 ; Sir 
 
 Bishop, 1864 ; H. D. 
 
 1853 ; J. Mazzingbi, 1810 ; A. 
 
 Meves, 1856 ; C. E. Tinney, 
 
 1876. 
 
 Hail to thy cold and clouded 
 
 beam " (from Rokeby). By J. 
 
 Clarke, 1814 ; W. Hawes, 1822 ; 
 
 W. E. Heather, 1820 ; R. H. 
 
 Loehr, 1878 ; E. Prout, 1801. 
 
 16 
 
 : Hark ! the bell is ringing " 
 (from Guy Mannering). By 
 Sir J. A. Stevenson, 1817. 
 The harp's wild notes, though 
 hushed the song." By T. 
 AttwooJ, 1815. 
 
 Heap on more wood." By J. 
 M. Beutley, 1876; A. Fox, 1875. 
 The heath this night must be 
 my bed." By T. Attwood, 
 1810 ; J. Clarke, 1806 ; J. 
 Lacy, 1805 ; C. H. Osborne, 
 1870 ; Sir J. A. Stevenson, 
 1810 ; R. Zabel, 1867. 
 He is gone on the mountain " 
 (from The Lady of the Lake). 
 By T. Attwood, 1810 ; J. 
 Clarke, 1806 ; J. Mazzingbi, 
 1810 ; J. Ross, 1810. 
 Hie away ! hie away ! " By 
 E. J. Loder, 1844 ; A. Plump- 
 ton, 1870. 
 
 Huntsman, rest, thy chase is 
 done" (from The Lady of the 
 Lake). By J. Clarke, 1810 ; J. 
 Mazzinghi, 1815 ; F. Schubert 
 1874. 
 
 Hush ! daughter, hush ! " By 
 J. Hook, 1810. 
 
 I have song of war for knight " 
 (from llokeby). By W. Russell, 
 1812. 
 
 I'll give thee, good fellow, a 
 twelvemonth or twain " (from 
 Ivanhoe). By Kendryke, 1840 ; 
 E. J. Loder, 1844 ; J. Monro, 
 1840 ; R. L. Pearsall, 1868. 
 In peace love tunes the shep- 
 herd's reed." By T. Attwood 
 1820 ; J. Clarke, 1843. 
 Is it the roar of Teviot's tide." 
 By J. Clarke, 1835. 
 It was an English ladye bright" 
 (from The Lay of the Last 
 Minstrel). By S. Bennett, 1807 ; 
 E. Cunard, 1874 ; J. Fisiu, 
 1320 ; C. Sloniau, 1857.
 
 XNNVI 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 " I was a wild and wayward boy" 
 (fioin Rokeby). By J. Clarke, 
 1814; T. R. Hobbes, 1814 ; 
 G. Kiallmark, 1815 ; J. 
 Mazzinghi. 1815 ; W. Russell, 
 1812 ; S. Webbe, 1815. 
 
 " Joy to the Fair " (from Ivanhoe). 
 By J. Beale, 1820. 
 
 " Look not thou on beauty's 
 charming." By Sir H. R. 
 Bishop, 1815. 
 
 "Love wakes and weeps" (from 
 7a. Pirate). By C. B. Braham, 
 1S81 ; J. G. Callcott, 1876 ; J. 
 Clarke, 1822 ; F. Clay, 1874 ; 
 J. Gledhill, 1875 ; H. Glover, 
 1847 ; J. Jackson, 1870 ; Sir 
 G. A. Macfarren, 1874 ; J. 
 MacMurdie, 1824 ; R. L. Pears- 
 all, 1863 ; C. A. ltanken, 1876 ; 
 
 F. G. Read, 1883 ; J. Thomson, 
 1861 ; S. Webbe, 1821 ; M. C. 
 Wilson, 1821. 
 
 " March, march, Ettrick and 
 Teviotdale " (from The Monas- 
 tery). By T. Miles, 1827 ; W. 
 T. Parke, 1820. 
 
 " The mass was sung" (from The 
 Lay of tlie Last Minstrel). By 
 
 G. W. Chard, 1841. 
 "Merrily, merrily bounds the 
 
 bark " (from The Lord of the 
 Isles). By J. Clarke, 1815 ; S. 
 Glover, 1878, W. T. Parke, 
 1815 ; F. J. Read, 1886. 
 
 "Merrily swim we" (from The 
 Monastery). By J. Clarke, 1820. 
 
 " Merry it is in the good green- 
 wood." By J. Clarke, 1820. 
 
 "The Moon's on the Lake"— The 
 McGregor's Gathering. By A. 
 Lee, 1859. 
 
 "My hawk is tired." By J. 
 Clarke, 1863 ; T. Macfarlane, 
 1878 ; F. Schubert, 1874. 
 
 "The news has flown." By M. 
 C Wilson, 1822. 
 
 ' Not faster yonder rowers 
 
 might"— The Lonely Isle, 1845 
 
 (from TJie Lady of the Lake). 
 
 By G J. O. Allman, 1845 ; J. 
 
 Mazzinghi, 1815 ; J. G. C. 
 
 Schetky, 1810. 
 ' La nuit de ses crepes funebres." 
 
 By L. Bizot, 1835. 
 ' O bold and true " — The Bonny 
 
 Blue Caps. By T. Valentine, 
 
 1835. 
 ' O Brignal Bunks " (from Rokeby). 
 
 By J. Clarke, 1814; W. E. 
 
 Heather, 1820; J. M. Miles, 
 1S25. 
 "Of all the birds on bush or 
 
 tree "— The Bonny Owl. By G. 
 
 Dance, 1825. 
 ' Oh ! day of honour" — Waterloo. 
 
 By W. H. Callcott, 1834. 
 'Oh! low shone the sun on the 
 
 fair lake of Toro "—The Maid of 
 
 Toro. By J. C. Clifton, 1825 ; 
 
 W. Horsley, 1811 ; E. Symthe, 
 
 1877 ; Mrs. Somerville, 1877. 
 1 Oh ! poor Louise." By Mrs. R. 
 
 Arkwright, 1845 and 1877. 
 ' O hush thee, my babie." By G. 
 
 Henschel, 1879 and 1885 ; J. 
 
 Hoffmann, 1880 ; A. H. Pearse, 
 
 1879 ; C. Sommers, 1858 ; Sir 
 
 A. Sullivan, 1867. 
 1 Oh ! who rides by night "—The 
 
 Erl-King. By A. Covvell, 1835 ; 
 
 A. R. Gaul, 1880. 
 1 O lady, twine no wreath for me " 
 
 — The Cypress Wreath (from 
 
 Bokeby). By J. Clarke, 1814 ; 
 
 M. Foote, 1820 ; W. Friedrich. 
 
 1870; W. Gresham, 1815; W. 
 
 E. Heather, 1820; G. Kiall- 
 mark, 1815 ; J. Mazzinghi, 1815. 
 
 W. Russell, 1812; Sir J. A; 
 
 Stevenson, 1814. 
 : O lovers' eyes are sharp to see " 
 
 —The Maid of Neidpath. By 
 
 K. B., 1846.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 XXXVll 
 
 'An Lour with thee." By Mrs. 
 
 R. Arkwright, 1835 am] 1845 ; 
 
 J. W. Lee, 1874. 
 ' Our Vicar still preaches " (from 
 
 The Lady of the Lake). By II. 
 
 B. Richards, 1848. 
 1 Youug Loehinvar " (from 
 
 Marmion). By T. Attwood, 
 
 1844 ; Miss Hime, 1820 ; J. 
 
 Mazzinghi, 1808 ; J. Whitaker, 
 
 1856. 
 1 Pibroch of Donuil Dim." By 
 
 W. W. Pearson, 1878. 
 1 Prenez un an " — Le Joyeux Frere. 
 
 [Translated from " I'll give 
 
 thee, goodfellow," from Ivanhoe.] 
 
 By L. Bizot, 1825. 
 ' Proud Maisie is in the wood " — 
 
 The Prido of Youth. By E. 
 
 Hecht, 1876 ; A. O'Leary, 1875 ; 
 
 R. L. Pearsall, 1864. 
 1 The Rose is fairest " (from The 
 
 Lady of the Lake). By R. Cooke, 
 
 1811. 
 ' She may be fair." By Miss 
 
 Lindsay, 1865. 
 'Soldier, rest, thy warfare o'er." 
 
 By T. Avant, 1S70; J. Hook, 
 
 1810 ; J. Kemp, 1856 ; J. Lacy, 
 
 1815 ; Nunes, 1879 ; P. Saxby, 
 
 1881 ; J. C. B. Tirbutt, 1884. 
 ' Some feelings are to mortals " 
 
 (from The Lady of the Lake). 
 
 By R. Cooke, 1811. 
 ' The sound of Rokeby's woods I 
 
 hear" (from Rokeby). By J. 
 
 Addison, 1813 ; J. Clarke, 
 
 1814 ; J. Mazzinghi, 1815. 
 'Summer eve is gone and past" 
 
 — The Harper's Song (from 
 
 Rokeby). By T. Attwood, 1815 ; 
 
 J. F. Barnett, 1S76 ; J. Clarke, 
 
 1814 ; W. Gresham, 1815 ; R. 
 
 Hoar, 1876 ; T. R. Hobbes, 
 
 1814; W. Russell, 1812; 
 
 Spiker, 1815; J. Whitaker, 
 
 1815. 
 
 ' The sun shines fair on Carlisle 
 
 Wall." By C. A. Macirone, 
 
 1864. 
 ' The sun upon the lake is low." 
 
 By F. A. J. Hervey, 1874. 
 ' The tear down childhood's cheek 
 
 that flows." By J. Parry, 
 
 1815. 
 'There came three merry men" 
 
 (from Ivanhoe). By J. Clarke, 
 
 1820 ; J. Jackson, 1879; G. H. 
 
 Rod well, 1842. 
 'They bid me sleep, they bid me 
 
 pray " — Blanch of Devan's 
 
 Song. By J. Clarke, 1806 ; J. 
 
 Kemp, 1815 ; Mrs. W. T. 
 
 Tucker, 1863. 
 ' They buried him at the mirk 
 
 midnight." By J. Lodge, 
 
 1848. 
 ' They came upon us in the 
 
 night" (from Wavcrley). By 
 
 J. Clarke, 1819. 
 ' Thrice to the holly brake " (from 
 
 The Monastery). By J. Clarke, 
 
 1820. 
 ' 'Tis merry, 'tis merry in Fairy- 
 land " (from The Lady of the 
 
 Lake). By J. Mazzinghi, 1810. 
 ' 'Tis merry, 'tis merry in good 
 
 Greenwood" (from The Lady of 
 
 the Lake). By J. Mazzinghi, 
 
 1810. 
 'Tis morning, and the convent 
 
 bell." By J. Hook, 1810. 
 E To Horse ! To Horse ! " By 
 
 Miss Smith, 1834; J. E'Astes 
 
 (Musical Sketches), 1857 ; C. 
 
 H. Compton, 1855 ; J. D'Este, 
 
 1875 ; M. A. Scailes, 1874. 
 'The toils are pitched." By T. 
 
 S. Cooke, 1810. 
 ' To the Lords of Convention " — 
 
 Bonnie Dundee. By W. M. 
 
 Herbert, 1854. 
 ' Twist ye, turne ye." By F. J. 
 
 Klose, 1825.
 
 XXXV111 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 1 Wake, Allen Bane " (from The 
 Lady of the Lake). By A. 
 Radiger, 1812. 
 
 ' \Y;tkp, Maid of Lome " (from 
 The Lord of the Isles). By W. 
 Gresham, 1815 ; J. Mazzinghi, 
 1810 ; C. Jones, 1S20 ; Sir J. 
 A. Stevenson, 1815. 
 
 'Waken, lords and ladies gay." 
 By E. H. B., 1870 ; G. Bairns- 
 father, 1871; Sir H. R. Bishop, 
 1840 ; W. Carter, 1876 ; W. A. 
 C. Cruickshank, 1877 ; E. 
 Hecht, 1876 ; A. Piatti, 1873 ; 
 J. H.Sheppard (Four-part Song), 
 1862 ; H. Smart, (Choral Songs 
 No. 3), 1S64. 
 
 1 Wake thy wild voice." By W. 
 C. Macfarren, 1859. 
 
 ' The war that for a space did 
 fail" (scena, "The last words of 
 Marmion)." By J. Clarke, 
 1866. 
 
 ; The waves of slow retiring day " 
 (L% Donna del Lago). By 
 Ro^ini, 1856. 
 
 1 A veary lot is thine, fair maid " 
 (frr m Rokeby). By F. C. Atkin- 
 son, 1862 ; J. Clarke, 1814 ; W. 
 E. Heather, 1820; W. Russell, 
 1812 ; Sir A. S. Sullivan, 1866; 
 J. Waterson, 1880. 
 
 1 Wert thou like me " (from Mont- 
 rose). By W. Doyle, 1819 ; 
 H. Fielding (Six Songs, No. 4), 
 1860 ; J. Goss, 1819 ; W. 
 Hawes, 1820 ; G. Kiallmark, 
 1818 ; T. H. MacDermott, 
 1845 ; T. Miles, 1822; J. 
 Monro, 1847 ; F. S., 1872 ; J. 
 C. White, 1822. 
 
 1 What makes the troopers' frozen 
 courage muster ? " By J. Thom- 
 son, 1861. 
 
 ' Where shall the lover rest " 
 (from Marmion) T By T. Att- 
 wood, 1843 ; B. Livius, 1810 ; 
 
 J. Clarke, 1810 ; L. Jansen 
 
 1815; D. D. Roche, 1815; C. 
 
 H. H. Parry, 1885 ; T. Upward 
 
 1874. 
 '• While the dawn of the Moun- 
 tain " (from Rokeby). By J. 
 
 Clarke, 1814 ; H. P. Couldrey 
 
 1880; J. Hunter, 1815; F. A. 
 
 Jarvis, 1873 ; C. A. Macirone, 
 
 1874. 
 " Why sit'st thou by that ruined 
 
 hall ? " By Miss Lindsay, 1862. 
 " Why then a final note prolong ? " 
 
 (from Marmion). By J. Clarke, 
 
 1810. 
 "Why weep ye by the tide, 
 
 Ladye ? " — Jock of Hazeldean, 
 
 By M. A. Paten, 1825. 
 "Will Spring return? " By M. 
 
 W. Balfe, 1862. 
 " Woman's faith and woman's 
 
 trust." By A. J. Caldicott, 
 
 1880. 
 "Yes, thou may'st sigh." By 
 
 W. Horsley, 1835. 
 
 Magazine Articles. 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. — Analytic 
 Magazine, with portrait, vol. 8, 
 1816, pp. 105-123. — European 
 Magazine, vol. 78, 1820, 
 pp. 483-486. — New Monthly 
 Magazine, vol. 10, N.S., 
 1824, pp. 297-304. — Fra- 
 ser's Magazine, with portrait, 
 vol. 2, 1830, p. 412.— North 
 American Review, by W. B. O. 
 Peabody, vol. 32, 1831, pp. 386- 
 421. — New Monthly Magazine, 
 with portrait, vol. 31, 1831, pp. 
 72-87. — Penny Magazine, vol. 
 1, 1832, pp. 297-304.— North 
 American Review, by W. B. O. 
 Peabody, vol. 36, 1833, pp. 
 289-315.— Selections from the 
 Edinburgh Review, vol. 2, 1835,
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 XXXIX 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 pp. 209-216, 420-429.— West- 
 minster Review, by Thomas 
 Carlyle, vol. 28, 1838, pp. 293- 
 345 ; reprinted in Collected 
 Works, 1858. — North American 
 Review, by W. H. Prescott, vol. 
 46, 1838, pp. 431-474.— Chris- 
 tian. Examiner, by M. L. Hurl- 
 but, vol. 26, 1839, pp. 101-122. 
 — Eclectic Magazine, vol. 12, 
 1847, pp. 320-325.— Bentley's 
 Miscellany, vol. 40, 1856, pp. 
 316-319. North American Re- 
 view, by S. G. Brown, vol. 87, 
 1858, pp. 293-320.— Fraser's 
 Magazine, by \V. F. P., 
 vol. 61, 1860, pp. 35-38. 
 Every Saturday, 1868, vol. 7, 
 p. 586, etc. — Southern Literary 
 Messenger, by O, W. Curtis, 
 vol. 22, p. 291, etc.— North 
 American Review, by H. James, 
 Jun., vol. 99, 1864, pp. 580-587. 
 — Blackwood's Edinburgh Maga- 
 zine, vol. 110, 1871, pp. 229- 
 256 ; same article, Eclectic 
 Magazine, vol. 14, N.S., pp. 
 404-425 ; Littell's Living Age, 
 vol. 110, pp. 579-599.— Broad- 
 way, vol. 4, 1872, 3rd Series, 
 pp. 94-96. — Once a Week, vol. 
 8, N.S., 1871, pp. 136-142 and 
 160-164.— Nation, by J. R. 
 Dennett, vol. 13,1871, pp. 103, 
 104. — Harper's New Monthly 
 Magazine (illustrated), by Mrs. 
 Zadel B. Buddington, vol. 43, 
 1871, pp. 511-526.— Illustrated 
 Review, vol. 2, 1871, with 
 portrait, pp. 97-103.— Cornhill 
 Magazine, by Leslie Stephen, 
 vol. 24, 1871, pp. 278-293.— 
 Atalanta, by Andrew Lang, 
 Oct. 1887, pp. 50-54. — Every 
 Girl's Annual, by A. Haggard, 
 1888, pp. 337-350. 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 -The Abbot. Monthly Re- 
 view, vol. 93, 1820, pp. 67-83. 
 — London Magazine, vol. 2, 
 1820, pp. 421-437.— Edinburgh 
 Monthly Review, vol. 4, 1820, 
 pp. 691-717.— Portfolio, vol. 10, 
 4th Series, 1820, pp. 370-387.— 
 Western Review, vol. 3, 1820, 
 pp. 170-187, 255-260.— Eclectic 
 Review, vol. 14, N.S., 1820, pp. 
 254-268. — European Magazine, 
 vol. 78, 1820, pp. 241-246. 
 
 Achievements of the Genius of . 
 
 Tait's Edinburgh Magazine, by 
 Harriet Martineau, vol. 2, 1833, 
 pp. 445-460. 
 
 and Burns. Macmillan's 
 
 Magazine, by H. B. G. Frere, 
 vol. 26, 1872, p. 168. 
 -and Byron, and their Imi- 
 
 tators. Tait's Edinburgh Maga- 
 zine, vol. 8, N.S., 1841, pp. 
 484-490. 
 -and Fenimore Cooper. Knick- 
 
 erbocker, vol. 11, 1838, pp. 380- 
 386 ; vol. 12, pp. 508-520. 
 — and his dogs. Chambers's 
 Journal, May 1877, pp. 273- 
 276. — Sup. Popular Science 
 Monthly, vol. 1, p. 233, etc. 
 -and his Factor. Gentleman's 
 
 Magazine, 1869, pp. 586-595 
 and 680-692. 
 
 — and his Imitators. Fraser's 
 Magazine, vol. 5, 1S32, pp. 6- 
 19, 207-217. 
 -and his Literary Friends {with 
 
 engraving). — Eclectic Magazine, 
 vol. 43, 1858, pp. 113-126. 
 -and his Mother. Good Words, 
 
 by John Oldcastle, 1881, pp. 
 398-400 ; same article, Littell's 
 Living Age, vol. 150, 1881, pp. 
 317-319. 
 
 — and his Publishers. Fraser's 
 Magazine, vol. 9, N.S., 1874,
 
 xl 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 pp. 559-568.— British Quarterly 
 Review, vol. 59, 1874, pp. 330- 
 342. — Tait's Edinburgh Maga- 
 zine, vol. 2, 1832, pp. 474-477. 
 
 and Lockhart, Ballantyne's 
 
 Controversy with. Tait's Edin- 
 burgh Magazine, vol. 6, N.S., 
 1839, pp. 657-672. 
 and the Regalia of Scotia ml. 
 
 Victoria Magazine, vol. 17,1871, 
 pp. 433-435. 
 — and the Romantic Reaction. 
 
 Contemporary Review, by Julia 
 Wedgwood, vol. 33, 1878, pp. 
 514-539 ; same article, Littell's 
 
 Living Age, vol. 
 313. 
 
 — and Scotland. 
 
 139, pp. 298- 
 Art Journal, 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 Magazine, vol. 78, 1816, pp. 
 365-373. — Anti-Jacobin, vol. 
 50, 1816, pp. 625-632. -Monthly 
 Review, vol. 82, 1817, pp. 38- 
 52. — Christian Remembrancer, 
 vol. 5, N.S., 1843, pp. 576-580. 
 
 as a Novelist. Edinburgh 
 
 Literary Gazette, vol. 1, 1S29, 
 pp. 33-34. — Nineteenth Century, 
 by John Ruskin, vol. 7, 1880, 
 pp. 941-962. 
 -as a Poet. Edinburgh Liter- 
 
 1853, pp. 12, 314, 315 ; 1855, 
 p. 121 ; 1856, p. 361. 
 
 — and Shakespeare, Parallel of . 
 Monthly Review, vol. 2, N.S., 
 1835, pp. 569-581.— Canadian 
 Monthly, vol 1, N.S., by D. 
 Fowler, vol. 1878, pp. 420-428. 
 
 — and William Laidlaw. Cham- 
 bers's Journal, vol. 4, N.S., 
 1845, pp. 49-53 and 72-74 ; 
 same article, Littell's Living 
 Age, vol. 6, pp. 609-717. 
 
 Anecdote of. Antiquary, vol. 
 
 4, 1873, p. 163. 
 
 Anecdotes of, Hogg's. Ameri- 
 can Monthly Magazine, vol. 3, 
 1834, pp. 177-184. 
 
 Anne of Gcicrstein. Monthly 
 
 Review, vol. 11, N.S., 1829, pp. 
 288-301.— Westminster Review, 
 vol. 11, 1829, pp. 211-228.— 
 Southern Review, vol. 4, 1829, 
 pp. 498-522.— Edinburgh Liter- 
 ary Gazette, vol. 1, 1829, pp. 
 2-4, 41, 42. 
 
 ■ The Antiquary. Quarterly 
 
 Review, by W. Gifford, vol. 15, 
 1816, pp. 125-139. — Scots 
 
 ary Gazette, vol. 1, 1829, pp. 
 209-211. — Temple Bar, vol. 
 33, 1871, pp. 24-35.— Gentle- 
 man's Magazine, by T. H. L. 
 Leary, vol. 7, N.S., 1871, pp. 
 485-490. 
 — at Work. Chambers's Jour- 
 nal, 1869, pp. 721-726. 
 
 Autobiography of. Monthly 
 
 Review, vol. 14, N.S., 1830, pp 
 347-360. 
 
 — Ballads and Lyrical Pieces. 
 Monthly Review, vol. 53, N.S., 
 1807, pp. 183-191. 
 ■Border Antiquities of . Eclec- 
 
 tic Review, by J. Foster, vol. 10, 
 N.S., 1818, pp. 305-322. 
 -Bridal of Tricrmain. Quar- 
 
 terly Review, by G. Ellis, vol. 
 9, 1813, pp. 480-497.— Scots 
 Magazine, vol. 75, 1813, pp. 
 282-286. 
 
 — The Bride of Lammcrmoor. 
 Blackwood's Edinburgh Maga- 
 zine, vol. 5, 1819, pp. 340-353. 
 —Quarterly Review, by A. W. 
 Senior, vol. 26, 1821, pp. 120- 
 126. 
 
 Byron and Wordsworth. 
 
 Southern Literary Messenger, 
 vol. 4, 1838, pp. 268, 269. 
 — Centenary of. London So- 
 ciety, vol. 20, 1871, pp. 275- 
 280.— Harper's New Monthly
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 xli 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 Magazine, by M. D. Conway 
 vol. 44, 1872, pp. 321-349.— 
 Gentleman's Magazine, by C 
 Pebody, vol. 7, N.S., 1871, pp 
 292-321.— Belgravia, by T. H. S 
 Escott, vol. 5, 2nd Series, 1871 
 pp. 882-888.— Tinsley'a Maga 
 zine, vol. 9, 1871, pp. 83-88.— 
 London Quarterly Review, vol. 
 38, 1872, pp. 35-59. 
 
 Characteristics of the Genius 
 
 of. Tait's Edinburgh Magazine, 
 by Harriet Martiueau, vol. 2, 
 1832, pp. 301-314. 
 
 Chronicles of the Canongatc. 
 
 Blackwood's Edinburgh Maga- 
 zine, vol. 22, 1827, pp. 556-570. 
 — London Magazine, vol. 19, 
 1827, pp. 409-425.— Southern 
 Review, vol. 2, 1828, pp. 216- 
 263. 
 -Cooper and Lockhart. Lip- 
 
 pincott's Magazine of Literature, 
 by L. G. Clark, vol. 8, 1871, 
 pp. 625-629. 
 
 Death of. New Monthly 
 
 Magazine, by Bulwer Lytton, 
 vol. 35, 1832, pp. 300-304.— 
 Niles' Register, Vol. 43, 1832, 
 pp. 203, 204, 218.— Fraser's 
 Magazine, vol. 6, 1832, pp. 380- 
 382. 
 
 — Poem on Death of. Glasgow 
 University Album, 1838, pp. 
 152-154. 
 -Diana Vernon. Macmillan's 
 
 Magazine, vol. 22, 1870, pp. 
 285-291 ; same article, Littell's 
 Living Age, vol. 18, 4th Series, 
 pp. 555-560. 
 
 — Dirge on (13 verses). Tait's 
 Edinburgh Magazine, vol. 2, 
 1832, pp. 2C2, 203. 
 -Domestic Manners of by J. 
 
 Hogg. Fraser's Magazine, vol. 
 10, 1834, pp. 125-156. 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 Dramatic Powers of. Black- 
 wood's Edinburgh Magazine, 
 vol. 19, 1826, pp. 152-160. 
 — Early Days of. Border 
 
 Magazine, Nov. and Dec. 1863, 
 pp. 257-267, Dec, 321-330. 
 — Edition ofDryden. Edinburgh 
 Review, by H. llallam, vol. 13, 
 1808, pp. 116-135. — Scots 
 Magazine, vol. 70, 1808, pp. 
 355-359. — Analectic Magazine, 
 vol. 2, 1813, pp. 139-146. 
 -Edition of Swift. Edinburgh 
 
 Review, by F. Jeffrey, vol. 27, 
 1816, pp. 1-58. 
 
 — Female Characters of. Tait's 
 Edinburgh Magazine, vol. 2, 
 1832, pp. 130, 131, 402, 403, 
 679.— New Monthly, by L. E. 
 Landon, vol. 52, 1838, pp. 35- 
 39. — New Monthly Magazine, 
 by A. J. H. Crespi, vol. 7, 
 N. S., 1875, pp. 259-272. 
 -Field of Waterloo. Christian 
 
 Observer, vol. 14, 1815, pp. 
 750-760. — Monthly Review, vol. 
 78, N.S., 1815, pp. 251-260.— 
 Anti-Jacobin Review, vol. 49, 
 1815, pp. 471-479, 521-528. 
 
 — Fortunes of Nigel. Edinburgh 
 Review, by F. Jeffrey, vol. 
 37, 1822, pp. 204-225.— Quarter- 
 ly Review, vol. 27, 1822, pp. 
 337-304. — Monthly Review, 
 vol. 98, 1822, pp. 169-184.— 
 Eclectic Review, vol. 18, N.S., 
 1823, pp.163-170.— New Mon- 
 thly Magazine, vol. 5, pp. 77- 
 81 and 172-178.— Blackwood's 
 Edinburgh Magazine, vol. 11, 
 1822, pp. 734-735 and 747.— 
 Scots Magazine, vol. 10, N.S., 
 1822, pp. 563-569. 
 
 — Funeral of. Tait's Edinburgh 
 Magazine, vol. 2, 1S32, pp. 196- 
 202.
 
 xin 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 Genius of. Tait's Edinburgh 
 
 Magazine, by Harriet Martiueau, 
 
 vol. 2, 1832, pp. 301-314. 
 Gossip about. New Monthly 
 
 Magazine, vol. 82, 1848, pp. 
 
 250-257. 
 -Guy Manncring. 
 
 Quarterly 
 Review, by W. Gilford, vol. 12, 
 1815, pp. 501-509.— North 
 American Review, by W. Tudor, 
 vol. 1, 1815, pp. 403-436.— 
 Scots Magazine, vol. 77, 1815, 
 pp. 608-C14. 
 
 Halidon Hill. Eclectic 
 
 Review, vol. 18, N.S., 1823, 
 pp. 259-279. — London Magazine, 
 vol. 6, 1822, pp. 174-181.— New 
 Edinburgh Review, vol. 3, 1822, 
 pp. 264-281.— Scots Magazine, 
 vol. 90, 1822, pp. 27-37. 
 
 Harold the Dauntless. Black- 
 wood's Edinburgh Magazine, 
 vol. 1, 1817, pp. 76-78. 
 
 Has History gained by his 
 
 Writings ? Eraser's Magazine, 
 vol. 3G,'l847, pp. 345-351 ; same 
 article, Littell's Living Age, vol. 
 15, pp. 19-53. 
 
 Heart of Midlothian. Black- 
 wood's Edinburgh Magazine, 
 vol. 3, 1818, pp. 567-574.— 
 Quarterly Review, by N. W. 
 Senior, vol. 26, 1821, pp. 115- 
 120. 
 
 — History of Scotland. Month- 
 ly Review, vol. 13, N.S., 1830, 
 pp. 1-20. 
 
 lluitu ric Element in Poetry of. 
 
 Good Words, by J. C. Shairp, 
 1875, pp. 500-508 ; same 
 article, Littell's Living Ago, 
 vol. 126, pp. 373-381. 
 
 — niustrations of Northern 
 Antiquities. Monthly Review, 
 vol. 80, N.S., 181G, pp. 356- 
 367 ; vol. 81, pp. 68-75. 
 
 Scctt, Sir Walter. 
 
 Ivanhoe. Edinburgh Review, 
 
 by F. Jeffrey, vol. 33, 1820, pp. 
 1-54. — Monthly Review, vol. 
 91, N.S., 1820, pp. 71-89.— 
 Blackwood's Edinburgh Maga- 
 zine, vol. 6, 1819, pp. 262-272. 
 — Edinburgh Monthly Review, 
 vol. 3, 1820, pp. 163-199.— 
 Quarterly Review, vol. 26, 
 1821, pp. 127-135. —Eclectic 
 Review, N.S., vol. 13, 1820, pp. 
 526 54-0.— Portfolio, vol. 9, 4th 
 Series, 1820, pp. 300-336.— 
 British Review, vol. 15, 1820, 
 pp. 393-454. 
 
 Dramatised Version of 
 
 Ivanhoe. London Magazine, 
 vol. 1, 1820, pp. 437-440. 
 The original of Rebecca 
 
 in Ivanhoe. Century Magazine, 
 by G. van Rensselaer, vol. 24, 
 1882, pp. 679-682. 
 Proposals for a continu- 
 ation of Ivanhoe. Feasor's 
 Magazine, by W. M. Thackeray, 
 vol. 24, 1846, pp. 237-245 and 
 359-367. 
 -Kenilworth. Blackwood's 
 
 Edinburgh Magazine, vol. 8, 
 1821, pp. 435-442. — London 
 Magazine, vol. 3, 1821, pp. 
 188-200.— Portfolio, vol. 11, 
 1821, pp. 161-193.— Monthly 
 Review, vol. 94, 1821, pp. 146- 
 161. — London Society, vol. 10, 
 
 1866, pp. 348-353 ; same article. 
 Eclectic Magazine, vol. 5, N.S., 
 
 1867, pp. 35-40.— Western Re- 
 view, vol. 4, 1821, pp. 154-176. 
 — Edinburgh Monthly Review, 
 vol. 5, 1821, pp. 324-353.— 
 European Magazine, vol. 79, 
 1821, pp. 53-61. 
 
 Amy Pobsart and 
 
 C'umnor Place. London Soci- 
 ety, vol. 10, 1866, pp. 348-353 ;
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 xliii 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 same article, Eclectic Magazine, 
 vol. 5, N.S., 1867, pp. 35-40. 
 
 Lady of the Lake. Edin- 
 burgh Review, by F. Jeffrey, 
 vol. 16, 1810, pp. 263-293.— 
 Quarterly Review, by G. Ellis, 
 vol. 3, 1810, pp. 492-517. — 
 Eclectic Review, vol. 6, 1810, 
 pp. 572-602.— Christian Obser- 
 ver, vol. 9, 1810, pp. 366-389. 
 — European Magazine, vol. 58, 
 1810, pp. 363-369, 443-448.— 
 Scots Magazine, vol. 72, 1810, 
 pp. 359-364.- Monthly Mirror, 
 vol. 8, N.S., 1810, pp. 36-51, 
 256-258. — Universal Magazine, 
 vol. 15, N.S., 1811, pp. 393- 
 397. — Anti-Jacobin Review, vol. 
 38, 1811, pp. 239-248. 
 
 Lay of the Last Minstrel. 
 
 Edinburgh Review, by F. 
 Jeffrey, vol. 6, 1805, pp. 1-20. 
 —Eclectic Review, vol. 2, 1806, 
 pp. 193 200. — American Review, 
 vol. 1, 1811, pp. 166-174.— 
 Monthly Review, vol. 49, N.S., 
 1806, pp. 295-303.— Scots Maga- 
 zine, vol. 67, 1805, pp. 37-45. — 
 Monthly Mirror, vol. 22, 1806, 
 pp. 385-395. 
 
 Letters of. All the Year 
 
 Round, vol. 15, N.S., 1876, 
 pp. 229, 230. 
 
 Letters on Demonology and 
 
 Witeheraft. Fraser's Magazine, 
 vol. 2, 1830, pp. 507-519. 
 
 Life of Xapoleon Buonaparte. 
 
 American Quarterly Review, vol. 
 1, 1827, pp. 578-605.— Monthly 
 Review, vol. 6, N.S., 1827, pp. 
 89-105. — Eclectic Review, vol. 
 28, N.S., 1827, pp. 148-162.— 
 New Monthly Magazine, vol. 
 20, N.S., 1827, pp. 104-112.— 
 Southern Review, vol. 1, 1828, 
 pp. 159-192 ; vol. 2, 1828, pp. 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 263-290.— Westminster Review 
 vol. 9, 18i?8, pp. 251-313.— 
 Christian Monthly Spectator, 
 vol. 10, 1828, pp. 32, etc.— 
 Foreign Quarterly Review, vol. 
 3, 1829, pp. 597-601. 
 Literary Character of. Atlan- 
 tic Monthly, by T. S. Perry, 
 vol. 46, 1880, pp. 313-319. 
 -Lives of tfie Nurxliats. Quar- 
 
 terly Review, vol. 34, 1826, pp. 
 349-378. 
 -Lockhart's Life of. Monthly 
 
 Review, vol. 1, N.S., 1837, pp, 
 554-574 ; vol. 2, pp. 325-346, 
 607-610 ; vol. 1, N.S., 1838, 
 pp. 149-166 ; vol. 2, pp. 15-34. 
 — Tait's Edinburgh Magazine, 
 vol. 4, N.S., 1837, pp. 205-220, 
 467-487, 557-566 ; vol. 5, pp. 
 92-112, 307-327.— Dublin Uni- 
 versity Magazine, vol. 10, 1837, 
 pp. 142-156, 292-312, 385-402; 
 vol. 11, pp. 667-688. —New 
 Monthly Magazine, vol. 49, 
 
 1837, pp. 593-597.— American 
 Quarterly Review, vol. 22, 1837, 
 pp. 202-250. — Knickerbocker, 
 by J. F. Cooper, vol. 10, 1837, 
 pp. 259-264.— Scottish Monthly 
 Magazine, vol. 2, 1837, pp. 436- 
 454. — London and Westminster 
 Review, by T. Carlyle, vol. 28, 
 
 1838, pp. 293-345. — Dublin 
 Review, vol. 5, 1838, pp. 377- 
 407. — Christian Examiner, by 
 W. P. Lunt, vol. 25, 1839, pp. 
 340-366. — Quarterly Review, 
 vol. 124, 1868, pp. 1-54; same 
 article, Littell's Living Age, 
 vol. 96, pp. 451-480.— Month, 
 by H. J. Coleridge, vol. 4, 
 N.S., 1871, pp. 241-285. 
 
 — Lord of the Lsles. Edinburgb 
 Review, by F. Jeffrey, vol. 24, 
 1815, pp. 273-294.— Quarterly
 
 xliv 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 Review, vol. 13, 1815, pp. 287- 
 309.— Eclectic Review, vol. 3, 
 N.S., 1815, pp. 469-480.— 
 North American Review, by 
 W. Tudor, vol. 1, 1815, pp. 
 275-2S4. — Portfolio, vol. 6, 
 3rd Series, 1815, pp. 58-81. — 
 Scots Magazine, vol. 77, 1S15, 
 pp. 42-49. — British Review, vol. 
 6, 1815, pp. 87-107.— Anti- 
 Jacobin Review, vol. 50, 1816, 
 pp. 105-127. 
 
 Narmion. Edinburgh Re- 
 view, by F. Jeffrey, vol. 12, 
 1508, pp. 1-35 — Selections from 
 Edinburgh Review, vol. 1, 1835, 
 pp. 294-308.— Eclectic Review, 
 vol. 4, 1808, pp. 407-422.— 
 Monthly Mirror, vol. 4, N.S., 
 1808, pp. 85-92.— Scots Maga- 
 zine, vol. 70, 1808, pp. 195-202. 
 — Anti-Jacobin Review, vol. 38, 
 1811, pp. 225-238. 
 -Meeting of Creditors of. 
 
 Tait'fl Edinburgh Magazine, vol 
 2, 1832, p. 386. 
 -Memorials of. Chambers's 
 
 Journal, Nov. 1878, pp. 705-707. 
 
 — Minstrelsy of the Scottish 
 Border. Edinburgh Review, 
 vol. 1, 1803, pp. 395-406.— 
 Scots Magazine, vol. 64, 1802, 
 pp. 68-71. 
 
 Monastery. Blackwood's 
 
 Edinburgh Magazine, vol. 6, 
 1820, pp. 692 704.— Monthly 
 Review, vol. 91, 1820, pp. 404- 
 426.— Edinburgh Monthly Re- 
 view, vol. 4, 1820, pp. 691-717. 
 — London Magazine, vol. 1, 
 1820, pp. 565-568.— Western 
 Review, vol. 2, 1820, pp. 341- 
 354. — Eclectic Review, vol. 14, 
 N.S., 1820, pp. 244-253. — 
 British Review, vol. 15, 1820, 
 pp. 393-454. 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 Monument to. Tait's Edin- 
 burgh Magazine, vol. 2, 1832, 
 pp. 237, 238. 
 
 Novels of. Quarterly Review, 
 
 vol. 26, 1821, pp. 109-146.— 
 United States Literary Gazette, 
 vol. 2, 1825, pp. 401-412.— 
 American Monthly Review, vol. 
 4, 1833, pp. 429-440.— United 
 States Review, vol. 2, 1853, pp. 
 238-247. 
 
 Paul's Letters to his Kinsfolk. 
 
 Monthly Review, vol. 80, N.S., 
 1816, pp. 337-355.— Scots Maga- 
 zine, vol. 78, 1816, pp. 125-133. 
 — Anti-Jacobin Review, vol. 50, 
 1816, pp, 661-679. 
 
 Peveril of the Peak. London 
 
 Magazine, vol. 7, 1823, pp. 
 205-210.— New Monthly Maga- 
 zine, vol. 7, N.S.,1823, pp. 273 
 278. — Monthly Review, vol. 
 100, N.S., 1823, pp. 187-206. — 
 European Magazine, vol. 83, 
 1823, pp. 169-174. 
 
 Pirate. Blackwood's Edin- 
 burgh Magazine, vol. 10, 182], 
 pp. 712-728.— Quarterly Review, 
 by N. W. Senior, vol. 26, 1822, 
 pp. 454-474. — New Monthly 
 Magazine, vol. 4, N.S., 1822, 
 pp. 188-192.— Monthly Review, 
 vol. 97, N.S., 1822, pp. 69-83. 
 — Christian Observer, vol. 22, 
 1822, pp. 157-172, 237-250.— 
 London Magazine, vol. 5, 1822, 
 pp. 80-90.— Portfolio, vol. 13, 
 4th Series, 1822, pp. 73 85.— 
 New Edinburgh Review, vol. 2, 
 1822, pp. 196-213. 
 
 Poetry of. Retrospective Re- 
 view, vol. 1,N.S.,1827, pp. 16- 
 39, 436-438.— Edinburgh Liter- 
 ary Journal, May 1830, pp. 265- 
 269, 280-282.— Glasgow Univer- 
 sity Album, 1869, pp. 234-242.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 xlv 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 Provincial Antiquities of Scot- 
 land. Christian Examiner, by 
 F. W. P. Greenwood, vol. 6, 
 1829, pp. 170-173. 
 
 Quartet of Quarterly Reviewers. 
 
 Bentley's Miscellany, vol. 40, 
 1856, pp. 316-330 ; same article, 
 Littell's Living Age, vol. 51, 
 pp. 240-249. 
 -Quentin Durward. 
 
 Eclectic 
 
 Review, vol. 20, N.S., 1823, pp. 
 36-46. — Monthly Review, vol. 
 101, N.S., 1823, pp. 187-202.— 
 New Monthly Magazine, vol. 8, 
 N.S., 1823, pp. 82-87.— 
 European Magazine, vol. 83, 
 1823, pp. 544-549. 
 
 — Recollections of. New Monthly 
 Magazine, by J. H., vol. 42, 
 1834, pp. 208-213. — Fraser's 
 Magazine, by R. P. Gillies, vol. 
 12, 1835, pp. 249-266, 502-515, 
 687-703 ; vol. 13, 1835, pp. 
 104-120. — Temple Bar, by 
 Susan E. Ferrier, vol. 40, 1874, 
 pp. 329-335 ; same article, 
 Eclectic Magazine, vol. 19, N.S., 
 pp. 434-438. 
 
 — Rcdgauntlet. Westminster 
 
 Review, vol. 11, 1824, pp. 179- 
 194. — London Magazine, vol. 
 
 10, 1824, pp. 69-78.— Portfolio, 
 vol. 18, 4th Series, 1824, pp. 
 197-202.— New Monthly Maga- 
 zine, vol. 11, N.S., 1824, pp. 
 93-96. 
 
 — Reminiscences of. Tait's Edin- 
 burgh Magazine, by John 
 Morrison, vol. 10, 1843, pp. 
 569-578, 626-628.780-786 ; vol. 
 
 11, pp. 15-19. 
 
 — reviewed by himself. New 
 Monthly Magazine, vol. 46, 
 1836, pp. 79-85. 
 
 — Rob Roy. Edinburgh Review, 
 by F. Jeffrey, vol. 29, 1818, pp. 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 403-432. — Analectic Magazine, 
 vol. 11, 1818, pp. 273-311.— 
 North American Review, by E. 
 T. Channing, vol. 7, 1818, pp. 
 149-184.— British Review, vol. 
 11, 1818, pp. 192-225.- Scots 
 Magazine, vol. 2, N.S., 1818, 
 pp. 41-50, 148-153. — Anti- 
 Jacobin Review, vol. 53, 1818, 
 pp. 4 7-413. — Quarterly Review, 
 by N. W. Senior, vol. 26, 1821, 
 pp. 109-115. 
 
 Rokeby. Quarterly Review, 
 
 vol. 8, 1812, pp. 485-507.— 
 British Review, vol. 4, 1812, 
 pp. 270-282. — Scots Magazine, 
 vol. 75, 1813, pp. 46-51.— 
 European Magazine, vol. 63, 
 1813, pp. 223-226, 491.— Anti- 
 Jacobin Review, vol. 44, 1813, 
 pp. 377-390.— Portfolio, vol. 1, 
 3rd series, 1813, pp. 557-566 ; 
 vol. 2, pp. 10-37.— Eclectic 
 Review, vol. 9, 1813, pp. 587- 
 605. 
 
 St. Ronan's Well. Monthly 
 
 Review, vol. 103, N.S., 1824, 
 pp. 61-75. 
 
 Sir Tristrem. Edinburgh 
 
 Review, by G. Ellis, vol. 4, 
 1804, pp. 427-443. — Gentle- 
 man's Magazine, vol. 1, N.S., 
 1834, pp. 167-170. —Monthly 
 Review, vol. 48, N.S., 1805, 
 pp. 196-203. 
 
 State Papers of Sir R. Sadler. 
 
 Edinburgh Review, by E. 
 Lodge, vol. 16, 1810, pp. 447- 
 464. — Quarterly Review, vol. 4, 
 1810, pp. 403-414. 
 
 Subtleties of his Names. — 
 
 Knickerbocker, by Llwyvein, 
 vol. 48, 1856, pp. 111-117. 
 -Talcs of a Grandfather. Edin- 
 
 burgh Literary Journal, Nov. 
 1828, pp. 29-33 ; Dec. 1829,
 
 xlvi 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 pp. 405-407. — Monthly Review, 
 vol. 10, N.S., 1829, pp. 331-344. 
 — Westminster Review, vol. 10, 
 1329, pp. 257-283. 
 
 Talcs of my Landlord. Scots 
 
 Magazine, vol. 78, 1816, pp. 
 928-934. — Quarterly Review, 
 vol. 16, 1S17, pp. 430-480. 
 — Edinburgh Review, vol. 
 28, 1817, pp. 193-259. — 
 North American Review, by J. 
 G. Palfrey, vol. 5, 1817, pp. 
 257-286.— Monthly Review, vol. 
 82, N.S., 1817, pp. 383 391 ; 
 vol. 87, pp. 356-370 ; vol. 89, 
 pp. 387-403.— Eclectic Review, 
 vol. 7, N.S., 1817, pp. 309-336 ; 
 vol. 12, pp. 422-452.— Black- 
 wood's Edinburgh Magazine, 
 vol. 3, 1818, pp. 567 574.— 
 Edinburgh Monthly Review, 
 vol. 2, 1819, pp. 160-184.— 
 Anti-Jacobin Review, vol. 56, 
 1819, pp. 507-514.— Edinburgh 
 Literary Journal, Dec. 1831, 
 pp. 317-321. 
 ■Tales of the Crusaders. New 
 
 Monthly Magazine, vol. 14, 
 N.S., 1825, pp. 27-32.— Lon- 
 don Magazine, vol. 2, N.S. , 
 1825, pp. 593-599.— Monthly 
 Review, vol. 107, N.S., 1825, 
 pp. 160-174. 
 
 — Theatrical Apotheosis of. 
 Tait's Edinburgh Magazine, vol. 
 2, 1832, p. 381. 
 -Two Drovers. London Maga- 
 
 zine, vol. 9, N.S., 1827, pp. 
 341-360. 
 -Vision of Don Roderick. Edin- 
 
 burgh Review, by F. Jeffrey, 
 vol. 18, 1811, pp. 379-392.— 
 Quarterly Review, vol. 6, 1811, 
 pp. 221-225.— Portfolio, vol. 6, 
 N.S., 1811, pp. 381-399.— 
 Christian Observer, vol. 11, 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 1812, pp. 29-33. — Eclectic 
 Review, vol. 7, 1811, pp. 672- 
 688. — Universal Magazine, vol. 
 16, N.S., 1811, pp. 126-134. 
 
 Visits to, at Abbotsford. 
 
 Broadway, vol. 4, 3rd Series 
 1872, pp. 135-139. —Temple 
 Bar, by Susan E. Ferrier, vol. 
 40, 1874, pp. 329-335 ; same 
 article, Eclectic Magazine, vol. 
 19, N.S., pp. 434-438.— Old 
 and New, vol. 4, 1871, pp. 235- 
 241. 
 
 Irving' s Visit to, at 
 
 Abbotsford. Tait's Edinburgh 
 Magazine, vol. 2, N.S., 1835, 
 pp. 414-417. — Monthly Review, 
 vol. 2, 1835, pp. 225-240. 
 
 Walladmor. German Novel 
 
 attributed to Scott. London, 
 Magazine, vol. 10, 1S24, pp. 
 353-382. 
 
 Waverley. Quarterly Review, 
 
 by W. Gi'fford, vol. 11, 1814, 
 pp. 354-377.— Edinburgh Re- 
 view, by F. Jeffrev, vol. 24, 
 1814, pp. 20S-243. — Anti- 
 Jacobin Review, vol. 47, 1814, 
 pp. 217-231.— Analectic Maga- 
 zine, vol. 5, 1815, pp. 89-110. 
 
 Waverley Novels. Portfolio, 
 
 vol. 13, 4th series, 1822, pp. 
 136-152. — London Magazine, 
 vol. 7, N.S., 1827, pp. 533- 
 535 ; vol. 3, 3rd Series, 
 1829, pp. 610-617. — North 
 American Review, by W. B. O. 
 Peabody, vol. 32, 1831, pp. 
 386-421. — Edinburgh Review, 
 vol. 55, 1832, pp. 61-79. — 
 National Review, vol. 6, 
 1858, pp. 444 - 472 ; same 
 article, Littell's Living Age, 
 vol. 57, pp. 563 - 579. — 
 Littell's Living Age (from the 
 Saturday Review), vol 76, 1863,
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 xlvii 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 pp. 187-190. — Chambers's Jour- 
 nal, 1874, pp. 725-728. 
 
 Authorship of Waverley 
 
 Novels. Blackwood's Edinburgh 
 Magazine, vol. 8, 1821, pp. 355- 
 358. — Irish Quarterly Review, 
 vol. 7, 1857, pp. 469-503.— 
 Loudon Magazine, vol. 1, 1820, 
 pp. 11-22. 
 
 Dramas from JVavcrley 
 
 Novels. Dublin University 
 Magazine, vol. 37, 1851, pp. 
 647-651. 
 
 Heber's Letters on the 
 
 Waverley Novels. Monthly 
 Review, vol. 97, N.S., 1822, 
 pp. 356-364. 
 
 Imitation of the Waverley 
 
 Novels. Christian Monthly 
 Spectator, by L. Bacon, vol. 
 7, p. 80, etc. 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. 
 
 Landscape Illustrations 
 
 of Waverley Novels. Fraser's 
 Magazine, vol. 6, 1832, pp. 600- 
 604. 
 
 Letter to the Author of 
 
 the Waverley Novels. Monthly 
 Review, vol. 93, N.S., 1820, pp. 
 169-174. 
 
 Poetry of the Waverley 
 
 Novels. Retrospective Review, 
 vol. 1, 2nd Series, 1827, pp. 
 436-438. 
 
 Sceptics in the Waverley 
 
 Novels. Continental Monthly, 
 by C. G. Leland, vol. 3, 1863, 
 pp. 439-450. 
 
 Woodstock. Monthly Review, 
 
 vol. 2, N.S., 1826, pp. 73-96.— 
 Westminster Review, vol. 5, 
 1826, pp. 399-457.— London 
 Magazine, vol. 5, N.S., 1826, 
 pp. 173-181. 
 
 VIII. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WORKS. 
 
 The Chase, and William and 
 
 Helen 1796 
 
 ( Translatedfrcm Burger. ) 
 
 Goetz of Berlichiugen. 
 
 ( Translated from Goethe) 1799 
 
 The Eve of Saint John : a 
 
 Border Ballad . . 1800 
 
 Minstrelsy of the Scottish 
 
 Border .... 1802 
 
 Sir Tristrem : a metrical 
 romance, by Thomas of 
 Ercildoune [Edited]. . 1804 
 
 The Lay of the Last 
 
 Minstrel: a poem . 1805 
 
 Original Memoirs written 
 
 during the Great Civil 
 
 War. [Edited] . .1806 
 Ballads and Lyrical Pieces . 1806 
 Marmion : a Tale of Flodden 
 
 Field 1808 
 
 Memoirs of Captain George 
 
 Carleton. [Edited.] . 1808 
 Works of John Dryden. 
 
 [Edited.] . . . 1S03 
 Memoirs of Robert Carey. 
 
 [Edited.] . . .1808 
 Strutt's Queenhoo-Hall : a 
 
 romance. [Edited.] ■ 1S03
 
 xlviii 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 State Papers and Letteis of 
 Sir R. Sadler. [Edited.] 1809 
 
 Lord Souiers' Collection of 
 Scarce and Valuable 
 Tracts. [Edited.] . 1809-15 
 
 English Minstrelsy. [Edi- 
 ted.] . . " . . 1810 
 
 The Lady of the Lake : a 
 
 poem 
 The Vision of Don Roderick : 
 
 a poem. 
 Secret History of the Court 
 
 of James the First. [Edi- 
 ted.] . 
 Rokeby : a poem. 
 Sir P. Warwick's Memoirs 
 
 of the Reign of King 
 
 Charles I. [Edited.] 
 The Bridal of Triermain : 
 
 or, The Vale of St. John. 
 Works of Jonathan Swift. 
 
 [Edited.] 
 The Letting of Humours 
 
 Blood into the Head 
 
 Vaine. (Edited). . 
 Waverley .... 
 The Border Antiquities 
 The Lord of the Isles 
 
 poem . . . . 
 Guy Mannering 
 The Field of Waterloo, a 
 
 Poem 
 Memoirs of the Somervilles 
 
 (Edited). 
 Paul's Letters to his Kins 
 
 folk. . 
 The Antiquary 
 Tales of My Landlord 
 
 — First series. 
 
 (The Black Dwarf— Old 
 Mortality.) 
 Ilaiold the Dauntless : a 
 
 poem . 
 Rob Roy .... 
 Tales of my Landlord. 
 
 — Second series 
 
 (The Heartof Midlothian) 
 
 1810 
 
 1811 
 
 1811 
 1813 
 
 1813 
 
 1813 
 
 1814 
 
 . 1814 
 
 . 1814 
 
 1814-17 
 
 a 
 
 . 1815 
 
 . 1815 
 
 1815 
 
 1815 
 
 1816 
 1816 
 
 1816 
 
 1817 
 1818 
 
 1818 
 
 Tales of my Landlord. 
 
 — Third series 
 
 (The Bride of Lammer- 
 
 nioor. — The Legend of 
 
 Montrose.) 
 
 The Visionary, Nos. 1, 2, 3 
 
 Description of the Regalia 
 
 of Scotland . 
 Ivanhoe .... 
 The Monastery 
 The Abbot 
 Memorials of the Halibur- 
 
 tous (Edited) 
 Carey's Trivial Poems and 
 
 Triolets (Edited) . 
 The Novelists' Library 
 
 1819 
 
 1819 
 
 1819 
 1820 
 1820 
 1820 
 
 1820 
 
 1820 
 
 (Edited) 
 
 1821-24 
 
 Franck's Northern Memoirs 
 (Edited) 
 
 Kenil worth 
 
 The Pirate 
 
 Chronological Notes of 
 Scottish Affairs, taken 
 chiefly from the diary 
 of Lord Fountainhall 
 (Edited) 
 
 Halidon Hill, a dramatic 
 sketch .... 
 
 Military Memoirs of the 
 Great Civil War (Edited) 
 
 The Fortunes of Nigel 
 
 Peveril of the Peak . 
 
 Quentin Durward 
 
 St. Ronan's Well 
 
 Redgauntlet 
 
 Tales of the Crusaders 
 (The Betrothed— The 
 Talisman.) 
 
 Provincial Antiquities of 
 Scotland 
 
 Thoughts on the Proposed 
 Change of Currency 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Life of Napoleon Buona- 
 parte . 
 
 1821 
 1821 
 1822 
 
 1822 
 
 1822 
 
 1822 
 1822 
 1822 
 1823 
 1824 
 1824 
 1825 
 
 1826 
 
 1826 
 1826 
 
 1827
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 xux 
 
 Chronicles of the Canongate 
 — First Serits. 
 (Highland Widow— The 
 Two Drovers — The 
 Surgeon's Daughter.) 
 Memoirs of the Marchio 
 nesa de la Rochcjaijuelin 
 [Trans.) . ' . 
 Miscellaneous Prose "Works 
 
 first collected in 6 vols 
 
 Tales of a Grandfather 
 
 Religious Discourses . 
 
 Chronicles of the Canongate 
 
 — Second Series 
 
 (Saint Valentine's Day ; 
 
 or, The Fair Maid of 
 
 Perth.) 
 
 Tales of a Grandfather, — 
 
 — Second Scries 
 
 1*127 
 
 1827 
 
 1828 
 1828 
 1828 
 
 1828 
 
 1829 
 
 Memorials of George Ballau- 
 tyne {Edited) . . . 1829 
 
 Anne of Geierstein . . 1829 
 
 Tales of a Grandfather — 
 —Third Series . . . 1830 
 
 The Doom of Devorgoil : a 
 
 Melo-Drama . . .1830 
 
 Letters on Demonology . 1830 
 The History of Scotland. 183) 
 (Lardncr's Cabinet Ci/clo- 
 ])cedia.) 
 
 Tales of a Grandfather — 
 
 —Fourth Series . . 1831 
 
 Tales of My Landlord, — 
 
 — Fourth Series . . 1832 
 (Count Rohert of Paris; 
 Castle Dangerous ) 
 
 TIIL WALTER SCOTT PRESS, NEWCASTLE-O.N TVNE.
 
 The Scott Library. 
 
 Cloth, Uncut Edges, Gilt Top. Trice is. 6d. per Volume. 
 
 VOLUMES ALREADY ISSTJED- 
 
 i MALORY'S ROMANCE OF KING ARTHUR AND THE 
 Quest of the Iluly Grail. Edited by Ernest Rhys. 
 
 2 THOREAU'S WALDEN. WITH INTRODUCTORY NOTE 
 
 by Will H. Dircks. 
 
 3 THOREAU'S "WEEK." WITH PREFATORY NOTE BY 
 
 Will II. Dircks. 
 
 4 THOREAU'S ESSAYS. EDITED, WITH AN INTRO- 
 
 duction, by Will II. Dircks. 
 
 5 CONFESSIONS OF AN ENGLISH OPIUM-EATER, ETC. 
 
 By Thomas De Quincey. With Introductory Note by William Sharp. 
 
 6 LANDOR'S IMAGINARY CONVERSATIONS. SELECTED, 
 
 with Introduction, by Havelock Ellis. 
 
 7 PLUTARCH'S LIVES (LANGHORNE). WITH INTRO- 
 
 ductory Note by B. J. Snell, M.A. 
 
 8 BROWNE'S RELIGIO MEDICI, ETC. WITH INTRO- 
 
 duction by J. Addington Symonds. 
 
 9 SHELLEY'S ESSAYS AND LETTERS. EDITED, WITH 
 
 Introductory Note, by Ernest Rhys. 
 
 io SWIFT'S PROSE WRITINGS. CHOSEN AND ARRANGED, 
 with Introduction, by Walter Lewin. 
 
 ii MY STUDY WINDOWS. BY JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL. 
 With Introduction by R. Garnett, LL.D. 
 
 12 LOWELL'S ESSAYS ON THE ENGLISH POETS. WITH 
 
 a new Introduction by Mr. Lowell. 
 
 13 THE B1GL0W PAPERS. BY JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL. 
 
 With a Prefatory Note by Ernest Rhys. 
 
 14 GREAT ENGLISH PAINTERS. SELECTED FROM 
 
 Cunningham's Lives. Edited by William Sharp. 
 
 The Walter Scott Publishing Company, Limited, 
 london and newcasti.e-on-tyne.
 
 THE SCOTT LIBRARY— continued. 
 
 15 BYRON'S LETTERS AND JOURNALS. SELECTED, 
 
 with Introduction, by Mathilde Blind. 
 
 16 LEIGH HUNT'S ESSAYS. WITH INTRODUCTION AND 
 
 Notes by Arthur Synions. 
 
 17 LONGFELLOW'S "HYPERION," "KAYANAGH," AND 
 
 "The Trouveres." With Introduction by W. Tirebuck. 
 
 18 GREAT MUSICAL COMPOSERS. BY G. F. FERRIS. 
 
 Edited, with Introduction, by Mrs. William Sharp. 
 
 19 THE MEDITATIONS OF MARCUS AURELIUS. EDITED 
 
 by Alice Ziiumern. 
 
 20 THE TEACHING OF EPICTETUS. TRANSLATED FROM 
 
 the Greek, with Introduction and Notes, by T. W. Rolleston. 
 
 21 SELECTIONS FROM SENECA WITH INTRODUCTION 
 
 by Walter Clode. 
 
 22 SPECIMEN DAYS IN AMERICA. BY WALT WHITMAN. 
 
 Revised by the Author, with fresh Preface. 
 
 23 DEMOCRATIC VISTAS, AND OTHER PAPERS. BY 
 
 Walt Whitman. (Published by arrangement with the Author.) 
 
 24 WHITE'S NATURAL HISTORY OF SELBORNE. WITH 
 
 a Preface by Richard Jefferies. 
 
 25 DEFOE'S CAPTAIN SINGLETON. EDITED, WITH 
 
 Introduction, by H. Halliday Sparling. 
 
 26 MAZZINI'S ESSAYS: LITERARY, POLITICAL, AND 
 
 Religious. With Introduction by William Clarke. 
 
 27 PROSE WRITINGS OF HEINE. WITH INTRODUCTION 
 
 by Havelock Ellis. 
 
 28 REYNOLDS'S DISCOURSES. WITH INTRODUCTION 
 
 by Helen Zimmern. 
 
 29 PAPERS OF STEELE AND ADDISON. EDITED BY 
 
 Walter Lewin. 
 
 30 BURNS'S LETTERS. SELECTED AND ARRANGED, 
 
 with Introduction, by J. Logie Robertson, M.A. 
 
 31 VOLSUNGA SAGA. William Morris. WITH INTRO- 
 
 duction by H. H. Sparling. 
 
 The Walter Scott Publishing Company, Limited, 
 london and newcastle-on-tyne.
 
 THE SCOTT LIBRARY-continued. 
 
 32 SARTOR RESARTUS. BY THOMAS CARLYLE. WITH 
 
 Introduction by Ernest Rhys. 
 
 33 SELECT WRITINGS OF EMERSON. WITH INTRO- 
 
 duction by Perciva] Chubb. 
 
 34 AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF LORD HERBERT. EDITED, 
 
 with an Introduction, by Will II. Dinks. 
 
 35 ENGLISH PROSE, FROM MAUNDEVILLE TO 
 
 Thackeray. Chosen and Edited by Arthur Galton. 
 
 36 THE PILLARS OF SOCIETY, AND OTHER PLAYS. BY 
 
 Ilenrik lbs;;n. Edited, with an Introduction, by llavclock Ellis. 
 
 37 IRISH FAIRY AND FOLK TALES. EDITED AND 
 
 Selected by W. E. Yeats. 
 
 38 ESSAYS OF DR. JOHNSON, WITH BIOGRAPHICAL 
 
 Introduction and Notes by .Stuart J. IJeid. 
 
 39 ESSAYS OF WILLIAM PIAZLITT. SELECTED AND 
 
 Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Frank Carr. 
 
 40 LANDOR'S PENTAMERON, AND OTHER IMAGINARY 
 
 Conversations. Edited, with a Preface, by H. Ellis. 
 
 41 POE'S TALES AND ESSAYS. EDITED, WITH INTRO- 
 
 duction, by Ernest Rhys. 
 
 43 VICAR OF WAKEFIELD. BY OLIYER GOLDSMITH. 
 Edited, with Preface, by Ernest Rhys. 
 
 43 POLITICAL ORATIONS, FROM WENTWORTH TO 
 
 Macaulay. Edited, with Introduction, by William Clarke. 
 
 44 THE AUTOCRAT OF THE BREAKFAST-TABLE. BY 
 
 Oliver Wendell Holmes. 
 
 45 THE POET AT THE BREAKFAST-TABLE. BY OLIYER 
 
 Wendell Holmes. 
 
 46 THE PROFESSOR AT THE BREAKFAST-TABLE. BY 
 
 Oliver Wendell Holmes. 
 
 47 LORD CHESTERFIELD'S LETTERS TO HIS SON. 
 
 Selected, with Introduction, by Charles Sayle. 
 
 48 STORIES FROM CARLETON. SELECTED, WITH INTRO- 
 
 duction, by W. Yeats. 
 
 The Walter Scott Publishing Company, Limited, 
 london and newcastle-on-tyne.
 
 THE SCOTT LIBRARY-continued. 
 
 49 JANE EYRE. BY CHARLOTTE BRONTE. EDITED BY 
 
 Clement K. Shorter. 
 
 50 ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND. EDITED BY LOTHROP 
 
 Withington, with a Preface by Dr. Furnivall. 
 
 51 THE PROSE WRITINGS OF THOMAS DAVIS. EDITED 
 
 by T. W. Rolleston. 
 
 52 SPENCE'S ANECDOTES. A SELECTION. EDITED, 
 
 with an Introduction and Notes, by John Underbill. 
 
 53 MORE'S UTOPIA, AND LIFE OF EDWARD V. EDITED, 
 
 with an Introduction, by Maurice Adams. 
 
 54 SADFS GULISTAN, OR FLOWER GARDEN. TRANS- 
 
 lated, with an Essay, by James Ross. 
 
 55 ENGLISH FAIRY AND FOLK TALES. EDITED BY 
 
 E. Sidney Hartland. 
 
 56 NORTHERN STUDIES. BY EDMUND GOSSE. WITH 
 
 a Note by Ernest Rhys. 
 
 57 EARLY REVIEWS OF GREAT WRITERS. EDITED BY 
 
 E. Stevenson. 
 
 58 ARISTOTLE'S ETHICS. WITH GEORGE HENRY 
 
 Lewes's Essay on Aristotle prefixed. 
 
 59 LANDOR'S PERICLES AND ASPASIA. EDITED, WITH 
 
 an Introduction, by Havelock Ellis. 
 
 60 ANNALS OF TACITUS. THOMAS GORDON'S TRANS- 
 
 latum. Edited, with an Introduction, by Arthur Galton. 
 
 61 ESSAYS OF ELIA. BY CHARLES LAMB. EDITED, 
 
 with an Introduction, by Ernest Rhys. 
 
 62 BALZAC'S SHORTER STORIES. TRANSLATED BY 
 
 William Wilson and the Count Stenbock. 
 
 63 COMEDIES OF DE MUSSET. EDITED, WITH AN 
 
 Introductory Note, by S. L. Gwynn. 
 
 64 CORAL REEFS. BY CHARLES DARWIN. EDITED, 
 
 with an Introduction, by Dr. J. W. Williams. 
 
 65 SHERIDAN'S PLAYS. EDITED, WITH AN INTRO- 
 
 duction, by Rudolf Dircks. 
 
 Tim Walter Scott Publishing Company, Limited, 
 
 LONDON AND NEWCASTLE-ON-'l VNE.
 
 THE SCOTT LIBRARY-continued. 
 
 66 OUR VILLAGE. BY MISS MITFORD. EDITED, WITH 
 
 an Introduction, by Ernest Rhys. 
 
 67 MASTER HUMPHREY'S CLOCK, AND OTHER STORIES. 
 
 By Charles Dickens. With Introduction by Frank T. Marzi.ils. 
 
 6S TALES FROM WONDERLAND. BY RUDOLPH 
 Baumbach. Translated by Helen !;. Dole. 
 
 69 ESSAYS AND PAPERS BY DOUGLAS JERROLD. EDITED 
 
 by Walter Jerrold. 
 
 70 VINDICATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMAN. BY 
 
 Mary Wollstonecraft. Introduction by Mrs. E. Robins 1'ennell. 
 
 71 "THE ATHENIAN ORACLE." A SELECTION. EDITED 
 
 by John Underhill, with Prefatory Note by Walter Besant. 
 
 72 ESSAYS OF SAINTE-BEUVE. TRANSLATED AND 
 
 Edited, with an Introduction, by Elizabeth Lee. 
 
 73 SELECTIONS FROM PLATO. FROM THE TRANS- 
 
 lation of Sydenham and Taylor. Edited by T. W. Rolleston. 
 
 74 HEINE'S ITALIAN TRAVEL SKETCHES, ETC. TRANS- 
 
 lated by Elizabeth A. Sharp. With an Introduction from the French of 
 Theophile Gautier. 
 
 75 SCHILLER'S MAID OF ORLEANS. TRANSLATED, 
 
 with an Introduction, by Major-General Patrick Maxwell. 
 
 76 SELECTIONS FROM SYDNEY SMITH. EDITED, WITH 
 
 an Introduction, by Ernest Rhys. 
 
 77 THE NEW SPIRIT. BY HAVELOCK ELLIS. 
 
 78 THE BOOK OF MARVELLOUS ADVENTURES. FROM 
 
 the "Morte d'Arthur." Edited by Ernest Rhys. [This, together with 
 No. 1, forms the complete "Morte d'Arthur."] 
 
 79 ESSAYS AND APHORISMS. BY SIR ARTHUR HELPS. 
 
 With an Introduction by E. A. Helps. 
 
 80 ESSAYS OF MONTAIGNE. SELECTED, WITH A 
 
 Prefatory Note, by Percival Chubb. 
 
 81 THE LUCK OF BARRY LYNDON. BY W. M. 
 
 Thackeray. Edited by F. T. Marzials. 
 
 82 SCHILLER'S WILLIAM TELL. TRANSLATED, WITH 
 
 an Introduction, by Major-General 1'atrick Maxwell. 
 
 The Walter Scott Publishing Company, Limited, 
 london and newcastle-on-tyne.
 
 THE SCOTT LIBRARY-continued. 
 
 53 CARLYLE'S ESSAYS ON GERMAN LITERATURE. 
 
 With an Introduction by Ernest Rhys. 
 
 54 PLAYS AND DRAMATIC ESSAYS OF CHARLES LAMB. 
 
 Edited, with an Introduction, by Rudolf Dircks. 
 
 55 THE PROSE OF WORDSWORTH. SELECTED AND 
 
 Edited, with an Introduction, by Professor William Knight. 
 
 86 ESSAYS, DIALOGUES, AND THOUGHTS OF COUNT 
 Giacomo Leopardi. Translated, \>ith an Introduction and Notes, by 
 Major-Generdl Patrick Maxwell. 
 
 S7 THE INSPECTOR-GENERAL. A RUSSIAN COMEDY. 
 By Nikolai V. QogoL Translated from the original, with an Introduction 
 and Notes, by Arthur A. Sykes. 
 
 SS ESSAYS AND APOTHEGMS OF FRANCIS, LORD BACON. 
 Edited, with an Introduction, by John Buchan. 
 
 89 PROSE OF MILTON. SELECTED AND EDITED, WITH 
 
 an Introduction, by Richard Garnett, LL.D. 
 
 90 THE REPUBLIC OF PLATO. TRANSLATED BY 
 
 Thomas Taylor, with an Introduction by Theodore Wratislaw. 
 
 91 PASSAGES FROM FROISSART. WITH AN INTRO- 
 
 duction by Frank T. Marzials. 
 
 92 THE PROSE AND TABLE TALK OF COLERIDGE. 
 
 Edited by Will H. Dircks. 
 
 93 HEINE IN ART AND LETTERS. TRANSLATED BY 
 
 Elizabeth A. Sharp. 
 
 94 SELECTED ESSAYS OF DE QUINCEY. WITH AN 
 
 Introduction by Sir George Douglas, Bart. 
 
 95 VASARI'S LIVES OF ITALIAN PAINTERS. SELECTED 
 
 and Prefaced by Havelock Ellis. 
 
 96 LAOCOON, AND OTHER PROSE WRITINGS OF 
 
 LESSING. A new Translation by W. B. Ronnfeldt. 
 
 97 PELLEAS AND MELISANDA, AND THE SIGHTLESS. 
 
 Two Plays by Maurice Maeterlinck. Translated from the French by 
 Laurence Alma Tadema. 
 
 98 THE COMPLETE ANGLER OF WALTON AND COTTON. 
 
 Edited, with an Introduction, by Charles Hill Dick. 
 
 The Walter Scott Publishing Company, Limited, 
 london and newcastle-on-tyne.
 
 THE SCOTT LIBRARY— continued. 
 
 99 LESSING'S NATHAN THE WISE. TRANSLATED BY 
 Major-Genera] Patrick Maxwell. 
 
 ioo THE POETRY OF THE CELTIC RACES, AND OTHER 
 Essays of Ernest Renan. Translated by W. G. Hutchison. 
 
 101 CRITICISMS, REFLECTIONS, AND MAX IMS OFGOETHE. 
 
 Translated, with an Introduction, by W. B. Bonnfeldt. 
 
 102 ESSAYS OF SCHOPENHAUER. TRANSLATED BY 
 
 -Mrs. Rudolf Dircks. With an Introduction. 
 
 103 RENAN'S LIFE OF JESUS. TRANSLATED, WITH AN 
 
 Introduction, by William G. Hutchison. 
 
 104 THE CONFESSIONS OF SAINT AUGUSTINE. EDITED, 
 
 with an Introduction, by Arthur Syraons. 
 
 105 THE PRINCIPLES OF SUCCESS IN LITERATURE. 
 
 By George Henry Lewes. Edited, with an Introduction, by T. Sharper 
 Knowlson. 
 
 106 THE LIVES OF DR. JOHN DONNE, SIR HENRY WOTTON, 
 
 Mr. Richard Booker, Mr. George Herbert, and Dr. Robert Sanderson. 
 By Izaac Walton. Edited, with an Introduction, by Charles Hill Dick. 
 
 107 WHAT IS ART? BY LEO TOLSTOY. TRANSLATED 
 
 from the Original Russian MS., with an Introduction, by Aylmer 
 .Maude. 
 
 108 RENAN'S ANTICHRIST. TRANSLATED, WITH AN 
 
 Introduction, by W. G. Hutchison. 
 
 109 ORATIONS OF CICERO. SELECTED AND EDITED, 
 
 with an Introduction, by Fred. W. Norris. 
 
 no REFLECTIONS ON THE REVOLUTION IN FRANCE. 
 By Edmund Burke. With an Introduction by George Sampson. 
 
 111 THE LETTERS OF THE YOUNGER PLINY. SERIES I. 
 
 Translated, with an Introductory Essay, by John B. Firth, B.A., Late 
 Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. 
 
 112 THE LETTERS OF THE YOUNGER PLINY. SERIES II. 
 
 Translated by John B. Firth, B.A. 
 
 113 SELECTED THOUGHTS OF BLAISE PASCAL. TRANS- 
 
 lated and Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, by Gertrude Burford 
 Rawlings. 
 
 114 SCOTS ESSAYISTS: FROM STIRLING TO STEVENSON. 
 
 Edited, with an Introduction, by Oliphant Smeaton. 
 
 115 ON LIBERTY. BY JOHN STUART MILL. WITH AN 
 
 Introduction by W. L. Courtney. 
 
 116 THE DISCOURSE ON METHOD AND METAPHYSICAL 
 
 Meditations of Ben.'- Descartes. Translated, with Introduction, by 
 Gertrude B. Rawlings. 
 
 117 KALIDASA'S SAKUNTALA, Etc. EDITED, WITH AN 
 
 Introduction, by T. Holme. 
 
 11S NEWMAN'S UNIVERSITY SKETCHES. EDITED, WITH 
 Introduction, by George Sampson. 
 
 119 NEWMAN'S SELECT ESSAYS. EDITED, WITH AN 
 Introduction, by George Sampson. 
 
 The Walter Scott Publishing Company, Limited, 
 london and newcastle-on-tyne.
 
 MANUALS OF EMPLOYMENT FOR 
 EDUCATED WOMEN. 
 
 The object of this series of manuals will be to give to girls, more 
 particularly to those belonging to the educated classes, who from 
 inclination or necessity are looking forward to earning their own 
 living, some assistance with reference to the choice of a profession, 
 and to the best method of preparing for it when chosen. 
 
 Foolscap Svo, Stiff Paper Cover, Price is.; or in Limp Cloth, is. 6d. 
 
 I.— SECONDARY TEACHING. 
 
 This manual contains particulars of the qualifications necessary for a 
 secondary teacher, with a list of the colleges and universities where 
 training may be had, the cost of training, and the prospect of em- 
 ployment when trained. 
 
 II.— ELEMENTARY TEACHING. 
 
 This manual sums up clearly the chief facts which need to be known 
 respecting the work to be done in elementary schools, and the conditions 
 under which women may take a share in such work. 
 
 III.— SICK NURSING. 
 
 This manual contains useful information with regard to every branch 
 of Nursing — Hospital, District, Private, and Mental Nursing, and 
 Nursing in the Army and Navy and in Poor Law Institutions, with 
 particulars of the best method of training, the usual salaries given, and 
 the prospect of employment, with some account of the general ad- 
 vantages and drawbacks of the work. 
 
 IV.— MEDICINE. 
 
 This manual gives particulars of all the medical qualifications recog- 
 nised by the General Medical Council which are open to women, and 
 of the methods by which they can be obtained, with full details of the 
 different universities and colleges at which women can pursue their 
 medical studies. 
 
 The Walter Scott Publishing Company, Limited, 
 london and newcastle-on-tyne.
 
 IBSEN'S PROSE DRAMAS. 
 
 Edited by WILLIAM ARCHER. 
 
 Complete in Five Vols. Crown 8vo, Cloth, Price 3s. 6d. each. 
 Set of Five Vols., in Case, 17s. 6d. ; in Half Morocco, in Case, 32s. 6d. 
 
 Vol. I.— "A DOLL'S HOUSE," "THE LEAGUE OF 
 YOUTH," and "THE PILLARS OF SOCIETY." 
 With Portrait of the Author, and Biographical Intro- 
 duction by William Archer. 
 
 Vol. II.— "GHOSTS," "AN ENEMY OF THE 
 PEOPLE," and "THE WILD DUCK." With an 
 Introductory Note. 
 
 Vol. III.— "LADY IXGER OF OSTRAT," "THE 
 VIKINGS AT HELGELAND," "THE PRE- 
 TENDERS." With an Introductory Note and 
 Portrait of Ibsen. 
 
 Vol. IV.—" EMPEROR AND GALILEAN." With an 
 Introductory Note by William Archer. 
 
 Vol. V— "ROSMERSHOLM," "THE LADY FROM 
 THE SEA," "HEDDA GABLER." Translated by 
 William Archer. With an Introductory Note. 
 
 AN INTERESTING AND INSTRUCTIVE GIFT BOOK FOR EVERY ONE 
 MUSICALLY INCLINED. 
 
 In One Volume. Crown 8vo, Cloth, Richly Gilt. Price 3/6. 
 
 MUSICIANS' WIT, HUMOUR, AND 
 ANECDOTE. 
 
 Being On Dits of Composers, Singers, and Instrumentalists 
 
 of all Times. 
 
 By FREDERICK J. CROWEST, 
 
 Author of "The Great Tone Poets," "Verdi: Man and Musician"; 
 
 Editor of " The Master Musicians Series," etc., etc. 
 
 Profusely Illustrated with Quaint Drawings by J. P. DONNE. 
 
 The Walter Scott Publishing Company, Limited, 
 london and neyvcastle-0n-tyne.
 
 COMPACT AND PRACTICAL. 
 
 /// Limp Cloth ; for the Pocket. Price One Shilling. 
 
 THE EUROPEAN 
 
 CONVERSATION BOOKS. 
 
 FRENCH. ITALIAN. 
 
 SPANISH. GERMAN. 
 
 NORWEGIAN. 
 
 THE MAKERS OF BRITISH ART. 
 
 Square Crown Svo, Cloth, 3s. 6d. net. 
 
 With a Photogravure Portrait and 20 Half-tone Reproductions 
 of Pictures, a7id valuable Appettdices. 
 
 GEORGE ROMNEY. By SIR HERBERT 
 MAXWELL, M.P. 
 
 JOHN CONSTABLE. By the RIGHT HON. 
 LORD WINDSOR. 
 
 SIR JOHN EVERETT MILLAIS. By J. 
 EADIE REID, Author of "The Schools and 
 Methods of English Art." 
 
 SIR DAVID WILKIE. By Professor BAYNE. 
 
 SIR EDWIN LANDSEER. By the EDITOR. 
 
 "This little volume may rank as the most complete account of Landseer 
 that the world is likely to possess." — Tunes. 
 
 SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS. By ELSA 
 D'ESTERRE-KEELING. 
 
 "To the series entitled ' The Makers of British Art ' Miss Elsa d'Esterre- 
 Keeling contributes an admirable little volume on Sir Joshua Reynolds. Miss 
 Reeling's style is sprightly and epigrammatic, and her judgments are well con- 
 sidered." — Daily Telegraph. 
 
 J. M. W. TURNER. By ROBERT CHIGNELL, 
 Author of "The Life and Paintings of Vicat Cole, R. A" 
 
 The Walter Scott Publishing Company, Limited, 
 london and newcastle-on-tyne.
 
 Crown Svo, about 350 pp. each, Cloth Cover, 2/6 per Vol.; 
 Half-Polished Morocco, (lilt Top, 5s. 
 
 Count Tolstoy's Works. 
 
 The following Volumes are already issued — 
 
 A RUSSIAN PROPRIETOR. 
 
 THE COSSACKS. 
 
 IVAN ILYITCH, AND OTHER 
 
 STORIES. 
 MY RELIGION. 
 LIFE. 
 
 MY CONFESSION. 
 CHILDHOOD, BOYHOOD, 
 
 YOUTH. 
 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF WAR. 
 ANNA KARENINA. 3/6. 
 
 WHAT TO DO? 
 
 WAR AND PEACE. (4 vols.) 
 
 THE LONG EXILE, E I C. 
 
 SEVASTOPOL. 
 
 THE KREUTZER SONATA, AND 
 
 FAMILY HAPPINESS. 
 THE KINGDOM OF GOD IS 
 
 WITHIN YOU. 
 WORK WHILE YE HAVE THE 
 
 LIGHT. 
 THE GOSPEL IN BRIEF. 
 
 Uniform with the above — 
 
 IMPRESSIONS OF RUSSIA. By Dr. Georg Brandes. 
 
 Post 4to, Cloth, Price is. 
 
 PATRIOTISM AND CHRISTIANITY. 
 
 To which is appended a Reply to Criticisms of the Work. 
 
 By Count Tolstoy. 
 
 1/- Booklets by Count Tolstoy. 
 
 Bound in White Grained Boards, with Gilt Lettering. 
 
 WHERE LOVE IS, THERE GOD 
 
 IS ALSO. 
 THE TWO PILGRIMS. 
 WHAT MEN LIVE BY. 
 
 THE GODSON. 
 
 IF YOU NEGLECT THE FIRE, 
 
 YOU DON'T PUT IT OUT. 
 WHAT SHALL IT PROFIT A MAN? 
 
 2/- Booklets by Count Tolstoy. 
 
 NEW EDITIONS, REVISED. 
 
 Small I2mo, Cloth, with Embossed Design on Cover, each containing 
 
 Two Stories by Count Tolstoy, and Two Drawings by 
 
 H. R. Millar. In Box, Price 2s. each. 
 
 Volume I. contains — 
 
 WHERE LOVE IS, THERE GOD 
 
 IS ALSO. 
 THE GODSON. 
 
 Volume II. contains — 
 
 WHAT MEN LIVE BY. 
 WHAT SHALL IT PROFIT A 
 MAN? 
 
 Volume III. contains — 
 
 THE TWO PILGRIMS. 
 IF YOU NEGLECT THE FIRE, 
 YOU DON'T PUT IT OUT. 
 
 Volume IV. contains — 
 
 MASTER AND MAN. 
 
 Volume V. contains — 
 TOLSTOY'S PARABLES. 
 
 The Walter Scott Publishing Company, Limited, 
 london and newcastle-on-tyne.
 
 NEW ENGLAND LIBRARY. 
 
 CONTAINING THE WORKS OF 
 
 NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, 
 OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES, 
 
 AND 
 
 HENRY THOREAU. 
 
 GRAVURE EDITION. Printed on Antique Paper. 
 
 2s. 6d. per Vol. 
 
 Each Volume with a Frontispiece in Photogravure. 
 
 EVERY-DAY HELP SERIES. 
 
 Square Svo, Parchment Cover, 6d.; Cloth, 6d.; Cloth and Roan, is. 
 
 VALUABLE LITTLE BOOK BY ELLICE HOPKINS, 
 Author of " Power of Womanhood." 
 
 THE STORY OF LIFE. 
 
 FOR THE USE OF MOTHERS OF BOYS. 
 Cloth, Price 2s. 6d. 
 
 BARTY'S STAR. 
 
 BY NORMAN GALE, Author of " Songs for Little People," etc. 
 
 Profusely Illustrated by Gordon Browne, and other Artists. 
 
 Grown-up folk to whom children are dear will, we think, find in the 
 chapters of Party's Star not a little to attract them. In Barty his 
 parents noticed what they judged to be clear proofs of the child's earlier 
 existence in another world ; and these signs form the foundation of a 
 book that certainly does not lack either grace or originality. The love 
 of the parents, the one for the other, is made a commanding feature 
 of the story. 
 
 The Walter Scott Publishing Company, Limited, 
 london and newcastle-on-tyne.
 
 Croivn 8vo, Cloth, t> s - &d. each; some vols., 6s. 
 
 THE CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE SERIES. 
 
 Edited bv HAVEI.OCK ELLIS. 
 
 Illustrated Volumes containing between 300 and 400 //. 
 
 EVOLUTION OF SEX. By Professors Geddes and Thomson. 6s. 
 
 ELECTRICITY IN MODERN LIFE. By G. W. DE Tunzelmann. 
 
 THE ORIGIN OF THE ARYANS. By Dr. Taylor. 
 
 PHYSIOGNOMY AND EXPRESSION. By P. Mantegazza. 
 
 EVOLUTION AND DISEASE. By J. B. Sutton. 
 
 THE VILLAGE COMMUNITY. By G. L. GOMME. 
 
 THE CRIMINAL. By Havelock Ellis. New Edition. 6s. 
 
 SANITY AND INSANITY. By Dr. C. Mercier. 
 
 HYPNOTISM. By Dr. Albert Moll (Berlin). 
 
 MANUAL TRAINING. By Dr. Woodward (St. Louis). 
 
 SCIENCE OF FAIRY TALES. By E. S. IIartland. 
 
 PRIMITIVE FOLK. By Elie Reclus. 
 
 EVOLUTION OF MARRIAGE. By Ch. Letourneau. 
 
 BACTERIA AND THEIR PRODUCTS. By Dr. Woodhead. 
 
 EDUCATION AND HEREDITY. By J. M. Guyau. 
 
 THE MAN OF GENIUS. By Prof. Lombroso. 
 
 PROPERTY: ITS ORIGIN. By Ch. Letourneau. 
 
 VOLCANOES PAST AND PRESENT. By Prof. Hull. 
 
 PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEMS. By Dr. J. F. Sykes. 
 
 MODERN METEOROLOGY. By Frank Waldo, Ph.D. 
 
 THE GERM-PLASM. By Professor Weismann. 6s. 
 
 THE INDUSTRIES OF ANIMALS. By F. Houssay. 
 
 MAN AND WOMAN. By Havelock Ellis. 6s. 
 
 MODERN CAPITALISM. By John A. IIobson, M.A. 
 
 THOUGHT-TRANSFERENCE. By F. Podmore, M.A. 
 
 COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY. By Prof. C. L. Morgan, F.R.S. 6s. 
 
 THE ORIGINS OF INVENTION. By O. T. Mason. 
 
 THE GROWTH OF THE BRAIN. By H. H. Donaldson. 
 
 EVOLUTION IN ART. By Prof. A. C. Haddon, F.R.S. 
 
 HALLUCINATIONS AND ILLUSIONS. By E. Parish. 6s. 
 
 PSYCHOLOGY OF THE EMOTIONS. By Prof. Ribot. 6s. 
 
 THE NEW PSYCHOLOGY. By Dr. E. W. Scripture. 6s. 
 
 SLEEP : Its Physiology, Pathology, Hygiene, and Psychology. 
 By Marie dk Manaceine. 
 
 THE NATURAL HISTORY OF DIGESTION. By A. Lockhart 
 Gillespie, M.D., F.R.C.P. Ed., F.R.S. Ed. 6s. 
 
 DEGENERACY: Its Causes, Signs, and Results. By Prof. 
 Eugene S. Talbot, M.D., Chicago. 6s. 
 
 THE HISTORY OF THE EUROPEAN FAUNA. By R. F. 
 Scharff, B.Sc, Ph.D., F.Z.S. 6s. 
 
 THE RACES OF MAN: A Sketch of Ethnography and Anthro- 
 pology. By J. Deniker. 6s. 
 
 THE PSYCHOLOGY OF RELIGION. By Prof. Starbuck. 6s. 
 
 THE CHILD. By Alexander Francis Chamberlain, M.A. , Ph.D. 6s. 
 
 THE MEDITERRANEAN RACE. By Prof. Sergi. 6s. 
 
 THE STUDY OF RELIGION. By Morris Jastrow, Tun., Ph.D. 6s. 
 
 HISTORY OF GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY. By Prof. 
 Karl Alfred von Zittel, Munich. 6s. 
 
 THE MAKING OF CITIZENS: A Study in Comparative Educa- 
 tion. By R. E. Hughes, M.A. 6s.
 
 SrECIAL EDITION OF THE 
 
 CANTERBURY POETS. 
 
 Square Svo, Cloth, Gilt Top Elegant^ Price is. 
 Each Volume with a Frontispiece in Photogravure. 
 
 CHRISTIAN YEAR. With Portrait of John Keble. 
 
 LONGFELLOW. With Portrait of Longfellow. 
 
 SI 1 KLLEY. With Portrait of Shelley. 
 
 WORDSWORTH. With Portrait of Wordsworth. 
 
 WHITTIER. With Portrait of Whittier. 
 
 BURNS. Songs \With Portrait of Bums, and View of "Tho 
 
 BURNS. Poems / Auld Brig o' Doon." 
 
 KEATS. With Portrait of Keats. 
 
 EMERSON. With Portrait of Emerson. 
 
 SONNETS OF THIS CENTURY. Portrait of P. B. Marston. 
 
 WHITMAN. With Portrait of Whitman. 
 
 LOVE LETTERS OF A VIOLINIST. Portrait of Eric Mackay. 
 
 SCOTT. Lady of the Lake, "| With Portrait of Sir Walter Scott, 
 
 etc. J- and View of " The Silver 
 
 SCOTT. Marmion, etc. J Strand, Loch Katrine." 
 CHILDREN OF THE POETS. With an Engraving of "The 
 
 Orphans," by Gainsborough. 
 SONNETS OF EUROPE. With Portrait of J. A. Symonds. 
 SYDNEY DOBELL. With Portrait of Sydney Dobell. 
 HERRICK. With Portrait of Herrick. 
 BALLADS AND RONDEAUS. Portrait of W. E. Henley. 
 IRISH MINSTRELSY. With Portrait of Thomas Davis. 
 PARADISE LOST. With Portrait of Milton. 
 FAIRY MUSIC. Engraving from Drawing by C. E. Brock. 
 GOLDEN TREASURY. With Engraving of Virgin Mother. 
 AMERICAN SONNETS. With Portrait of J. K. Lowell. 
 IMITATION OF CHRIST. With Engraving, "EcceHomo." 
 PAINTER POETS. With Portrait of Walter Crane. 
 WOMEN POETS. With Portrait of Mrs. Browning. 
 POEMS OF HON. RODEN NOEL. Portrait of Hon. R. NoeL 
 AMERICAN HUMOROUS VERSE. Portrait of Mark Twain. 
 SONGS OF FREEDOM. With Portrait of William Morris. 
 SCOTTISH MINOR POETS. With Portrait of R. Tannahill. 
 CONTEMPORARY SCOTTISH VERSE. With Portrait of 
 
 Robert Louis Stevenson. 
 PARADISE REGAINED. With Portrait of Milton. 
 CAVALIER POETS. With Portrait of Suckling. 
 HUMOROUS POEMS. With Portrait of Hood. 
 HERBERT. With Portrait of Herbert. 
 POE. With Portrait of Poe. 
 
 OWEN MEREDITH. With Portrait of late Lord Lytton. 
 LOVE LYRICS. With Portrait of Raleigh. 
 GERMAN BALLADS. With Portrait of Schiller. 
 CAMPBELL With Portrait of Campbell. 
 CANADIAN POEMS. With View of Mount Stephen. 
 EARLY ENGLISH POETRY. With Portrait of Earl of Surrey. 
 ALLAN RAMSAY. With Portrait of Ramsay. 
 SPENSER. With Portrait of Spenser. 
 
 THE WALTER SCOTT PUBLISHING CO., LTD., 
 LONDON AND NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.
 
 CHATTERTON. With Engraving, " The Death of Chatterton." 
 COWPER. With Portrait of Cowper. 
 CHAUCER. With Portrait of Chaucer. 
 COLERIDGE. With Portrait of Coleridge. 
 POPE. With Portrait of Pope. 
 
 BYRON. Miscellaneous) vuzn, t>«.i..„:*„ „* t> _ 
 
 BYRON. Don Juan } ^ 'th Portraits of Byron. 
 
 JACOBITE SONGS. With Portrait of Prince Charlie. 
 
 BORDER BALLADS. With View of Neidpath Castle. 
 
 AUSTRALIAN BALLADS. With Portrait of A. L. Gordon. 
 
 HOGG. With Portrait of Hogg. 
 
 GOLDSMITH. With Portrait of Goldsmith. 
 
 MOORE. With Portrait of Moore. 
 
 DORA GREENWELL. With Portrait of Dora Greenwell. 
 
 BLAKE. With Portrait of Blake. 
 
 POEMS OF NATURE. With Portrait of Andrew Lang. 
 
 PRAED. With Portrait. 
 
 SOUTHEY. With Portrait. 
 
 HUGO. With Portrait. 
 
 GOETHE. With Portrait. 
 
 BERANGER. With Portrait. 
 
 HEINE. With Portrait. 
 
 SEA MUSIC. With View of Corbiere Rocks, Jersey. 
 
 SONG-TIDE. W T ith Portrait of Philip Bourke Marston. 
 
 LADY OP LYONS. With Portrait of Bulwer Lytton. 
 
 SHAKESPEARE : Songs and Sonnets. With Portrait 
 
 BEN JONSON. With Portrait. 
 
 HORACE. With Portrait. 
 
 CRABBE. With Portrait. 
 
 CRADLE SONGS. With Engraving from Drawing by T. E. Macklia. 
 
 BALLADS OF SPORT. Do. do. 
 
 MATTHEW ARNOLD. With Portrait. 
 
 AUSTIN'S DAYS OF THE YEAR. With Portrait. 
 
 CLOUGH'S BOTHIE, and other Poems. With View. 
 
 BROWNING'S Pippa Passes, etc. "» 
 
 BROWNING'S Blot in the 'Scutcheon, etc. J- With Portrait. 
 
 BROWNING'S Dramatic Lyrics. J 
 
 MACKAY'S LOVER'S MISSAL. With Portrait 
 
 KIRKE WHITE'S POEMS. With Portrait. 
 
 LYRA NICOTIANA. With Portrait. 
 
 AURORA LEIGH. With Portrait of E. B. Browning. 
 
 NAVAL SONGS. With Portrait of Lord Nelson. 
 
 TENNYSON : In Memoriam, Maud, etc. With Portrait. 
 
 TENNYSON : English Idyls, The Princess, etc. With View of 
 
 Farringford House. 
 WAR SONGS. With Portrait of Lord Roberts. 
 JAMES THOMSON. With Portrait. 
 ALEXANDER SMITH. With Portrait 
 
 THE WALTER SCOTT PUBLISHING CO., LTD., 
 LONDON AND NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.
 
 COMPANION SERIES TO "THE MAKERS OF BRITISH ART." 
 
 An entirely fresh and novel series of literary-musical illustrated mono- 
 graphs, planned and edited by Mr. Frederick J. Crozuesl, Author of 
 " The Great Tone Poets" ete., etc. 
 
 MUSIC STORY SERIES. 
 
 The great aim with "The Music Story Series" of books will be to make 
 them indispensable volumes upon the subjects of which they treat. They will 
 be authoritative, interesting, and educational books — furnished with appen- 
 dices which will give them permanent value as works of reference, data, etc. 
 Each volume will tell all that the reader may want to know upon any of the 
 aspects of musical art which the various works of the series will cover. 
 
 The following volumes are ready or in course of production, and will be 
 published at short intervals : — 
 
 THE STORY OF ORATORIO. By ANNIE W. PATTERSON, B.A., 
 
 Mus. Doc. 
 THE STORY OF NOTATION. Bv C. F. ABDY WILLIAMS, M.A., 
 
 MUS. Bac. 
 THE STORY OF THE PIANOFORTE. Bv ALGERNON S. ROSE, 
 
 Author of "Talks with Bandsmen." 
 THE STORY OF HARMONY. By EUSTACE J. BREAKSPEARE, 
 
 Author of "Mozart," "Musical .-Esthetics," etc. 
 THE STORY OF THE ORGAN. By C. F. ABDY WILLIAMS, Author 
 
 of "Bach" and "Handel" (" Master Musicians Series "'). 
 THE STORY OF THE ORCHESTRA. By STEWART MACPHERSON, 
 
 Fellow and Professor, Royal Academy of Music; Conductor of the West- 
 minster Orchestral Society. 
 THE STORY OF CHAMBER MUSIC. By N. KTLBURN, Mus. Bac. 
 
 (Cantab.), Conductor of the Middlesbrough, Sunderland, and Bishop Auckland 
 
 Musical Societies. 
 THE STORY OF BIBLE MUSIC. BY ELEONORE D'ESTERRE- 
 
 KHELINU, Author of "The Musicians' Birthday Book." 
 THE STORY OF THE VIOLIN. By A PRACTICAL VIOLINIST. 
 THE STORY OF CHURCH MUSIC. By THE EDITOR. 
 
 ETC., ETC., ETC. 
 
 Each volume will be produced in the highest style of typographical excel- 
 lence, with choice illustrations in photogravure, collotype, line, and half-tone 
 lvpt'idurtiuiis. The paper for the series will be specially made, deckle edge, 
 with wide margins lor readers' and students' notes. The size of the volumes 
 will be square crown 8vo, richly gilt, aud bound in extra cloth ; price 
 3s. (id. net. 
 
 NOW READY: 
 
 THE STORY OF ORATORIO, 
 
 300 pp. , v:lth a Collotype Portrait of Handel, Four Half-tone Portraits of the 
 great Composers oj Oratorios, numerous Line Reproductions in facsimile, 
 ' a splendid l'hotogravure Frontispiece of Raphael's masterpiece — 
 " St. Cecilia "—after the painting ;„ Ute Academy of Bologna. 
 
 THE WALTER SCOTT PUBLISHING COMPANY, LTD., 
 
 LONDON AND NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNB-
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 
 V 8 193k 
 
 jD5, 
 
 il 
 
 
 mit of Renewal 
 DEC 2 2 RECI 
 JAN 1 9 19S9 
 
 ^"1956 
 
 Wtf 3 
 
 ',956 
 
 rmL9 — 15to-10,'48(B1039)444 
 
 UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA 
 
 AT 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 LIBRARY
 
 r 
 
 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 AA 000 374 442 2