A 5 6 1 6 2 9 7 -1 1 IBJRIEF COURSE PITMAN pJ!.'!"'^"- ^ 0. BAKER UWYER DALLAS, T£XAS j}a7 BARNES' Brief Course 'N B. 0. BAKER LAWTER BENN PITMAN DALLAS, TEXAS SHORTHAND BY MRS. ARTHUR J. BARNES. Author of Barnes' Shorthand Manual, Shorthand for High Schools, Shorthand Lessons, Business Letters in Shorthand, Barnes' Series of Shorthand Readers, Barnes' Typewriting Instructors. ST. LOUIS: THE ARTHUR J. BARNES PUB. CO. 1913. Especial thanks are hereby expressed to Mr. O. H. White, Mr. Aithur J. Barnes, and others who have kindly rendered me valuable assistance in the preparation of this work. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1907, By Mrs. Arthur J. Barnes, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at WashinRfon. Medium soft pencils, well sharpened, or good fountain pens, are ttift best for shorthand writing. A fountain pen makes the best notes ana is the cheapest in the end, but sometimes it is more convenient or even necessary to use a pencil. Reporters use fountain pens or else penciia sharpened at both ends. Bc^(p b PREFACE. Twenty-two years ago (in Barnes' Shorthand Lessons of 1885) we departed from the usual method of shorthand authors and teachers in the following particulars : All philosophy and unnecessary theory were cast aside, and the essentials of shorthand were presented in plain, simple language. The vowels were grouped according to place instead of length, and a memory sentence given for each group. Position was introduced immediately after the exposition of the vowels. The reporting style, "Finality of outline" as it has been aptly termed, was taught from the first. In Barnes' Shorthand Manual of 1888 we omitted, as useless and confusing, all but one of the twenty-four de- tached coalescents, we, loa, tvah, ye, ya, yah, etc., and joined the semicircle to the stroke, as is done by most reporters. In 1893 we took another advance step, and presented the second-place group of vowels first, because second position is the natural and the easiest position, on the line, the same as longhand. First position was taught simultaneously with the first-place vowels, and third position with the third-place vowels. In 1900 we adapted the Sentence Method to the teaching of shorthand, sentences being given in the first lesson ; tlie circle was introduced in the second lesson, and halving in the fourth. These advances were at first vigorously opposed and severely criticised by some, but now almost every recent text- book gives prominence to some or all of these features, 448449 4 peefacp: especially finality of outline,' second-place vowels first, and position simultaneously with the vowels. In "Brief Course" we are now introducing further im- provements. The new features have been thoroughly tested by competent teachers, with results heretofore thought im- possible. Among these features are the following: Sentences, wordsigns, and simple phrases in the first lesson ; telephone message and business letter in the second lesson ; business letters in all subsequent lessons ; ticks for the, «, aw and and given before the dots, for first impression ; circles and loops in one direction only until the habit.is fixed ; Ar or Ray simpler than ever; o/-i/je indicated by proximity where it first occurs ; questions at the end of every lesson ; frequent review lessons ; and, best of all, the important is given Jirst, and minor points, exceptions, and special difficulties are postponed until the student has grasped the essentials. The main principles are not only more easily learned when given without the distraction of side issues, but they are firmly impressed upon the mind by continual use while learning the minor points of the later lessons. As in our previous texts, the principles upon which con- tractions are based are clearly set forth, so that the reason as well as the memory aids the student in employing them. By "Brief Course" we refer to the time required to make shorthand of practical value in office and court work. This book presents the Pitman s^'stem of Phonography, as found in Isaac Pitman's ninth edition and in Benn Pitman's Manual, with a few speed expedients that have been adopted by a vast army of expert reporters. The shorthand in Barnes' text-books meets with the approval of the best Pitman report- ers, and our texts are indorsed as " worthy of very high com- mendation, and in some respects superior to other texts," by so eminent an authority as Wm. T. Harris, Ph.D., LL.D., former U. S. Commissioner of Education. LESSON 1. 1. Shorthand may be called a Picture of Sounds. Each shorthand word in this lesson is a picture of the sounds heard in the word. CONSONANT STROKES, \ \ II / / ^ ^ T D Chay J K Gay soft ch ]■ or soft g hard g Sound as in each joy, age go VOWELS. . = A * I ate I = O go , I toe , A ope 2. Learn the foregoing consonants and vowels by reading the words and sentences given below. See how soon you can learn to read the shorthand when the longhand is covered. Omit Silent Letters. Spell by Sound. '....-Y_.. pay go ...A choke I* ... day JL. oak __-r..-. tape .....*l - . aid .....I"., dough -— A _.. page */... a;>_-=<. .know -.'•rrrs..hem .^^. ray .>-:_-. peg .^-p^mow . -^ — ^ neigh . /-r~s hemp ^.^ row /..etch .... >^gem .v_.cTr7-_.neck .^trkhum .Z rug ..../edge -^-— Lmug /...n"s -dump .-\^_^^"*ig ..crrfThoe ...J" meadow ..L dug .-X^rrv.bump ..\yj_^^ l^uuk ,i^lhead __ /j-s.. Jumbo _-Z:_ .jug .— ^r:^^-jump ■■(jjy chunk c. hung ....^i_ .Hague 11. When Ray is joined to another stroke, its upward direction distinguishes it from the downward-written Chay. When not joined to another stroke, Ray should slant a great deal to prevent its looking like Cliay. Observe the slant and direction in ray, row, rug and rung given in the last column. A slanting stroke may be slanted more or less as is necessary to make a sharp angle with another stroke. 12. In the middle of a word, A and O are distinguished from eh and uh not only by their shading but also by their 8 BRIKF COURSR place, A and O being always written by the first stroke, while eh and uh are always written by the second stroke. ./X.„. rage .A... red . make comb bake ../l* rake , \ ■ beck ../i. wreck .._^^_.guin ..-.t-, ..dame ...iffj .. . hate .„.X|..„ wrote I • deck ..._.... Al-^ .3:.. QUESTIONS. 1. What may shorthand be called? 2. What letters are omitted in shorthand? 3. How are words spelled in shorthand? 4. How must a consonant outline be written (Par. 3)? 5. When is the vowel inserted ? 6. Write and name the consonants and the vowels in their order. 7. What strokes are always written up? 8. What is said of the direction of the other strokes? 9. When should heh be used, and when Hay? 10. When joined to another stroke, how is Ray distinguished from Chaj? 11. When should Ray slant more than Chay? 12. By what part of the stroke should the vowels in this lesson be placed? 13. In what two ways may A and O be distinguished from eh and uh? 14. Write the wordsigns for liim^ Jiad, he, dollar, it, to, do, J, too, you, owe, two, oh. 15. Write the phrases to-the, do-you, he-may, to-him, yoti-may, he-may -go. 16. Is— 6r or Gay? 17. Are you apt to slant T and D to the right or to the left? IN SHOUT HAND 11 LESSON 2. CONSONANT STROKES CONTINUED. WRITTEN DOWN. ^ V ( ( r -^ ^ F V Ith The Yay Ar Way th th y r W bath bathe \ Vowels. 20. *Obscure a, as in awoke aud Dora, is pronounced practically the same as short u, and may be represented by uh. Uh is also used in such words as urn, earn, berth, birth, worth, myrrh . 21. The a heard in chair, dare, fair andjpeciris represented by A. 22. Learn to read the following sentences when the long- hand is covered, and to write them when the shorthand is covered : They both make fudge. I know-the way-the knave toro-the door. ..X .. K^ h ^^X ^...X.._--w^. Dora may go to Tokyo. Nora and-Oyer may both go to Rome. 23. CAUTION. A slanting curve should not begin or end like T, K or Ith. Slant it out, not in. When making ♦ The Century Dictionary says of this vowel sound: "Even in the months of the best speakers, its sound is variable to, and ia ordinary utterance actually becomes, Ihe short u sound (in but, pun, etc )." 12 BRIEF rODRSB Ith and The, curve out uutil half way dowu, then curve in so that the end of the stroke will be exactly under the point of beginning. The upper and the lower half of each stroke should be uniformly curved. Practice the foregoing sentences until you find it easy to write them according to these directions. 24. Both the angle and the vowel are considered in de- termining whether Ar or Ray should be used. If Ray does not make a good joining with another stroke, use Ar ; and vice versa. Where both would make a sharp angle with another stroke, use Ar if the syllable sounds more like Ar ; thus, use Ar in air, ark, early, tar, bore; but use Ray when the syl- lable sounds more like Ray ; as, rake, rope, foray, bury. Read and write the following words as directed for the sentences : awake J-_.hair __vr^ thorough _ v^^A-Jorth 25. IMaking a stroke half as long as usual adds t or d. I note ape aped vote aided hurt 26. The half lengths are called Pet or Ped, Bet or Bed, etc. Ted may be used for the final syllable -ted, and Ded I no for -ded, as in rated and ^^ headed IN SHORTHAND 13 27. But neither Hay nor Ray should be halved unless joined to another stroke, or to a hook to be learned later on. :zi::::2iz::xi:::::::5si:::::::^^^ hate wrote road burrowed furrowed parade Read with the longhand covered, and write with the short- hand covered. .._-.get . ..!•. date ..X pet ...N bed .J^„ fed _/.-.jet .^ met ( . thud ^__ nut .^i fate _ cut A-. hummed il... hugged *^.. hemmed .. fetched \. bathed _ — :7\._ kept __ _37.._ caged (a... thumbed ....^!5^... nudged 'L.--^S^^^ .J!!!^7.._ gauged .(. theft ...C^--. method ^hedged .^:^rC77... engaged _V . buffet ....7Z?s^ covet 28. Observe, in the last column of shorthand, that the horizontal stroke in each outline is written high so that the down stroke may rest on the line of writing. CONSONANT STROKES I CONCLUDED. o iss Initial s DOWN UP ) s ) z Ish sh J' ' Zhe zh r Lay 1 Medial s or z Final s or z 20. When iss begins an outline, it is read before everything else ; — before the vowel, before the stroke, before everything to be learned later on. Ex. yx soap, T said. 14 BEIEF COURSE 30. When iss ends an outline, it is read after everything else — after the stroke, after the vowel, after the t or d indi- cated by halving, etc. Ex. Vi, votes, "^ spades. 31. The circle iss is generally used for s; but the stroke S must be used when s is the only consonant next to the vowel, as in ask or also. .^,\„„"L :.C, J^. ^^A.J-.„..h^-^h Hasten, Bees, and- take Setb's razors to cousin Joseph. So you say Uosamay sew. K::I:;^::■^^::F::zI^:5■:^:x3^: i: aI n:: Ezra, show hlm-lhe way to Zoar. Let him pay for-the barege they showed you. 32. CAUTION. Be sure to make iss with a motion contrary to that of the hands of a clock. Put the vowel on the same side of the stroke as if there were no circle there. 33. Learn to read the words in the columns below wlien the longhand is covered, and to write them in correct shorthand when the printed shorthand is covered. Follow this general plan with all exercises unless otherwise directed. ._f\ soap "^o oaths _s_o.... notes .\^. eaves /*__ essay _«}v. safe v_.__yeas ..--e._gets q_!_o soaks / estate T said ^KLy Hons ._ b debts _o^., searches __i".._. Zoar -A., saf^e ...t-does ax> skates o^', surj^es (^ A lower _.t. stays ._r^- suppose _*?<) „spades -^ roars - ' - hole _A.„ Seth (i^. chose _o coats c/VLo„ surveys ^..xi shoves .-X. such . b'_. yes .jL^ saved c/^^ surface _ -'- lull IN SHORTHAND 15 EXERCISE 2. Read, cop}-, and read from your notes. 1 i' }'. )^....^ _....x A.......r^.Js..^ .X WOKDSIGNS AND PHRASES. :,:^:.Lx:r:i:::7iir:z; is as owes but be for have think them shall of your will his has :"""::zi:r::::izi:::: of-his of-thera but-tlie lie-is he-has he-will 34. Learn the new wordsigns by writing the speed sentences. Work on each sentence until you can write it correctly at the rate of tliirty or forty words per minute. Speed sentences: :.(o I ■^...k. rx^...nV..J..x_.^ J: /...[!_ He thinks it is safe for his son to have it. Sliall I-say you-will-take .A- ( o ^ 1/ ..b_ y^.. K \:.....C\ X.^Z^V. two of-them as yoars? lie owes Ezra, but-ihe debt will-be paid Monday 35. Write the following exercise in longhand; then from your longhand write it in shorthand. Write the letter several times. 16 BRIEF COURSE EXERCISE 3. Read, copy, and read from your notes. .0 Qj^....rs_^....X (•...^.....L ^Z. K::fv^.....\ X ... J '..... (:.. n .... -^J^ .-'V X^ I \5 -cu _- .\. I I I I ^ \_.x f... ^......^^ f-. vj^ .X...I k k. ±„.\>l...x_.i. l.__ , v. k ,(.! ( L..|..n/. 1....^ ;^ .^^ >; X c c. I i i{^ d....^C:L _^.....x...A...rY..,.>>»..zi..>«^-... Zl! .^ .....CsJi: ^.....x,.k.X ...y^...^C.^..:s'.,£-{\ Jl..^ 9 /* X.... tr:..Y., Judson Hedges, Mail Agent, Cairo. Two coaches upset-and wrecked above Jonesboro depot. Mail is saved, but will-be a-day late. Have bus hasten both Helena-and Rosedale mail to-the boat. Yours, Caleb Rutledge. IN SHOUTHAND 17 QUESTIONS. 1. What may represent the obscure sound of a, as heard in awoke, arose, Emma, etc. ? 2. What repre- sents the vowel sound heard in earn, her, fir, word, etc. ? 3. What represents the vowel sound heard in chair, fare, pear, etc. ? 4. What is said of the slant of the slanting curves? 5. How should Ith and The be made? 6. Give two cases when Ar should be used instead of Ray? 7. What is indicated by halving a stroke ? 8. Name some of the half lengths? 9. How may ted or ded be represented? 10. When can Ray and Hay be halved? 11. When an outline begins with a horizontal followed by a down stroke, where should the horizontal be written? 12. What is the only up stroke in this lesson? 13. When iss begins an outline, should it be read before or after the vowel? 14. When iss ends an outline, should it be read before or after the vowel? Before or after t or d indicated by halving ? 15. When should iss and when should S be used? 16. With what motion should iss be made? 17. Name the down strokes in this lesson in their order. 18. Name the up stroke. 19. Write the phrases: He-will, he-has, he-is, of-them, but-the, of-his. 18 BKIEF COLRSK LESSON 3. REVIEW, WITH ADDITIONAL POINTS. \\ I I // ^^ ^_ . „ P B T D Chay J K Gay M Emp N Ing heh iss v^ ( ( ) ) J J '^ r ~\ r ^^ FV IthThe S Z Ish Zhe Way Yay Ar Lay Ray Hay . = A . =: eh I = O I = uli 36. Write Lay, Ray and Hay up. Write the horizontals from left to right. Write the other strokes doicn. Write iss with a motion contrary to that of the hands of a clock. 37. Shorten words by omitting all silent and unnecessary letters. Represent a doable letter by a single sign. For instance, write only one s in chess, only one n in funny, onlj' one k in tobacco. 38. Write by sound. Begin case, chorus, choir and quire with K. Use — d or.— a for x, as in ^ ' n hoax. Use Zhe for the s in vision, the z in azure, and the g in mirage. 39. Use Hay before N and Ing, but use heh before the other horizontals and before Lay, Ar, and Way, because it makes a sharp angle with those strokes. Ex. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ _ ^ When a word may be written in two ways, choose that form which is easy to read. If both are easy to read, use the one which is easier to write. 40. Use whichever form for r makes a good joining. If both Ar and Ray would join well, use Ar when the syllable sounds like ar ; as in air, ore, ark, our, jar, door, tore; but IN SHORTHAND 19 use Ray when the syllable sounds like Ray, as in rake, rope, foray, bureau, da\ry, etc. If the vowel goes before, -^ The r you must lower; (Use Ar) Ex. V eiT-or. But a vowel at the end , Makes the r to ascend. (Use Ray) Ex. /l/ ro-ta-ry. 41. When Ray is joined to another stroke, its upward direction distinguishes it from the downv^'ard-written Chay. When alone, Ray should slant much more than Chay, and therefoi'e need not extend to the upper line. 42. A few combinations like r^ \ lower, *^^_^^ fair, and .-"^^"^ roar, join without an angle, and must be written with a continuous motion, i. e., without letting the pen stop be- tween the strokes. As a rule, however, the sharper the angle between two strokes, the easier it is to read the strokes. Always make a sharp angle between Lay and M or Emp ; also between F or V and N or Insr. Practice the followinsr : 43. A stroke may curve more or less, or may slant more or less, as is necessary to make a sharper angle between strokes. Ex. v_y^ Nora, /*] rate, ^ pay day, \ • peck, /-t n make, I meadow. > 44.. Making a stroke half as long as usual adds t or d. The half lengths are called Pet or Ped, Bet or Red, Let, Met, etc. Ted may be used for -ted, and Ded for -ded, as in c^^ hated, /^ raided; but neither Ray nor Hay should be halved unless it is joined to another stroke, or unless it has a hook (to be learned later on) . 20 BRIKK COITRSK 45„ The circle iss is generally used for s. But when s is the only consonant by which the vowel next to s can be placed, as in ask or also, then the stroke S must be used. 46. When iss begins an outline, it is read before every- thing else — before both stroke and vowel. Ex. A. soap, 5»^ save. 47. When iss ends an outline, it is read after everything else — after the stroke, after the vowel, after t or d indicated by halving. Ex. t* days, t* dates, «d gets. 48. The shorthand outline of a word is a picture of the consonant sounds heard in the word. An outline must be written WITHOUT LIFTING THE PEN. 49. It is not necessary to move the hand at a snail's pace in order to write correctly. When writing an outline, think of the first stroke, and write it both correctly and quickly. Then hold the pen quietly on the paper until you have decided what the next stroke should be ; then make the second stroke, like the first, with a quick, precise movement. But if the first stroke is a horizontal, look ahead to see if there is a down or an up stroke in the word, for if there is, the horizontal must be written high or low as is required to make the first down or up stroke rest on the line of writing (the lower line of double ruling). monopoly engaged enough melt deputy) lately 60. In the exercise below, omit the vowels in the first two groups, and write only the outline of each word. WRITING EXERCISE. Use strokes instead of heh or iss or halving. So, essay, Eskimo, escape, sew, also, Jessie, Bessie, lazy, tongue, among, length, zany, zenith, bathe, thump, Dakota, IN SHORTHAND 21 pagoda, picnic, buggy, depth, tobacco, chimney, damage, lull, lunch, avenge, foliage, theology, loam, lump, funny, jump, lumbago, chunk, zinc, heavy, honey, awake, headway, shady, shapely, hush, yea, cope, gayety, month, monotony, monopoly, ambiguity. Use Ar: Four, shore, pour, lower, oyer, earlier, tailor, Rome, alarm, form, rump, remedy, rummage. Use Ray: Dairy, berry, faro, sherry, thorough, uproar, terror, inferior, interior, rhythm, revenue, revive, Russia. Use iss. Halve for t and d: Shakes, ducks, jokes, edges, efface, stays, snows, suppose, muffs, knaves, snuff, fate, let, shut, notes, debts, votes, beds, coats, spades, skates, saved, sent, melt, delayed, left, legitimate, metal, kept, envied, methods, lately, cutlet. Insert vowels. Slant heh like Chay: Hail, hull, hulk, helmet, hump, Hague, hoax, hemp, hoar, hurl, hurt, hemmed, humbug. Write A or O by the first stroke; eh or uh by the second stroke: Baked, beck, dame, deck, choked, tucked, dome, dumb, wrote, rubbed, rogue, rush, lake, luck, pole, pump, fame, fetched, jail, hung, death, vague, neck, waylay. 51. The tick for the generally slants like Chay and is called Choid, meaning like Chay. (Oid means like.) When, for the sake of a sharp angle, the tick slants like Ray, call it Roid; when it slants like P, call it Poid. Ex. V. for the,..l.liad-tbe. 62. The horizontal tick for a, an, or and is called Koid, and the vertical tick Toid. Use Koid when it makes a good joining. Ex....l and-had-a, ^-^ — ^ make-a. Make all ticks as short as possible and yet be distinct. 63. When convenient, a dot is used for the syllable -ing, 22 BRIEF COURSE and a detached slanting tick for -ing-the. Ex:. I doinff, l doing-thc, \^ paying, v paying-thc ; but^-q,^^ facing, ^.x (V^...V,^__^ Insuppose he-wrote-you as usual. It was-a good show. You-are saving that ../ _\- k. ^ , -^ L / A . wliich-you pay for. You-will get-tUe goods for which you-wrote. IN SHOKTHANU 23 WRITING EXERCISES. I-thiuk you-will-take up this-case for-liim. But does-he think-you-are so good? Oh, you-are taking-the goods to-himtoo? He-has usually had several debts to pay. Shall I pay-the two dollars he-is owing? Will-you be on deck? BUSINESS LETTER. V 5 \ ■ Ladies : I-have-yours (of the) 5th, saying that-the case of goods for which I wrote-you on Feb. 28 was sent on-the fourth, and-I expect it Monday. I-suppose I-shall-have several (of the) capes left, and-will save them for-you as usual. I-will mail-you-a check for $12.00 on-the 14th (of the) month. Your.s-truly, QUESTIONS. 1. Name the up strokes ; the horizontals ; the down strokes. 2. With what motion is iss written? 3. What letters may be omitted? 4. How is a double letter represented? 5. Why do you use Hay in /ieavy instead of heh? . 6. Why do you use heh instead of Hay in hem? 7. In a word of two strokes, how can you tell Ray from Chay? 24 BRIEF COURSE 8. How are they distinguished when alone ? 9. Do you make an angle between Lay and Ar in lower? Between Lay and Emp in lump? 10. For what purpose may the curve or slant of a stroke be increased or diminished? 11. What is the effect of halving a stroke ? 12. Name some of the half-lengths. 13. When may Ray and Hay be halved? 14. If iss begins an outline, when is it read? 15. If iss ends an outline, when is it read ? 16 . Where do you begin to write the outline of cup ? Of engaged? 17. In what directions may the be written? -4, aw, or and? 18. How may o/ f^e be indicated ? 19. In what two ways may -ing' be written ? -ing-the? 20. Explain how /is phrased. 21. In what direction should on be written ? 22. Name the words represented by the following wordsigns : ||/V oo ( ^ ^ t I... I n I L_.\...W..J ...oo....!b ..!^ -t 23. Give the words represented by the following wordsigns : T, B, F, Ith, The, Ish, Yay, Lay, Z, Chay, Zhe, iss-V, Get, Ar or Ray. 24. Write the wordsigns : Shall, will, of, but, have, your, think, for, them, has, be, his, as, is, was, do, which, to, but, usual, two, that, several, dollar, on, good, this, had, usually, too, he, I, you, him. IN SHORTHAND 26 LESSON 4. VOWELS AND POSITION, 68. Vowels writteu by the beginning of a stroke are called first-place vowels. Ex,..Y my. 59. Vowels writteu by the middle of a stroke are called second-place vowels. Ex. i oak. 60. Vowels written by the end of a stroke are called third- place vowels. Ex. _ \ ..use. n/ 61. Second position is on the line of writing, the same as longhand. Ex. f/<^ love, */ cage, ^'-~>U^ among. 62. First-position is higher than second position; as -\- ,- - buy. 63. Third-position is lower than second position, as \ ....use. n/ 64. As a rule, if the vowel in a word is first-place, the out- line is written in first position ; if the vowel is second-place, the outline is put in second position ; if the vowel is third- place, the outline is written in third position. 65. A, O, eh, and uh are the second-place vowels, written by the middle of a stroke. They were given first because the second position is the natural position, on the line of writing, the same as longhand. FIRST-PLACE VOWELS. > I V :;■ = E = Aw =1 ■f^\ -y] E- ^ -?=-^ Lee, bee, heat talk, wrought sky, rye 26 BRIEF COURSE 66. Since first-place vowels are written by the beginning of a stroke, they must be placed by the bottom of the up strokes, Lay, Ray and Hay. See Lee,' heat, and wrought given above. EXERCISE 4. Read, copy, and read from your notes. I...* 2 \. 3 ' ^ 1 -^ •) 6.. \ K ?• C '"^ 67. Examine your work carefully to see if every vowel is exactly by the beginning of the stroke, if every dash vowel is at right angles to the stroke, and if each outline is exactly the right distance above the line of writing — half a stroke above unless the outline is purely horizontal ; then a stroke above. If you find errors in your work, copy the lines again more carefully ; then read them from your notes. READ EVERY- THING YOU WRITE. -^ I ;;; A -3 ;■ =T : r A : p^t-- Tip, giddy got, hot coil, ahoy 68. The names of these signs are their sounds, 1, 6, and Oi, as heard in if, odd and oil. IN SHORTHAND 27 EXERCISE 6. Read, copy, and read from your notes. r 1 --^ ^ r f - 2.. A ^ V ^ q "A 69. When occurring between two strokes, first-place vowels are always written by the first stroke. See Exercise 5, lines 2 and 4. 70. When convenient, I and Oi may be joined to the follow- T- i/T ing sti'oke, as in idea, .!. oily. 71. A word containing two ox more vowels should be writ- ten in the position indicated by its most important or dis- tinguishing vowel. This is generally the accented vowel. 72. Unimportant unaccented vowels, also the vowel in the name of a stroke, will often be omitted in future shorthand exercises. Thus, unaccented i maybe omitted in ^ estimate and e iu \r delay. See line 2 in Exercise 6. VOWELS PLACED BY K. V E Aw i 6 I Oi WRITE TEN TIMES. -e- " — f :::^_ ,.i^zz3z::::::fi Lee saw Jim roi3 my boy 28 BRIEF COURSE EXERCISE (5. Read, copy, and read from ypuv notes ...1.... _...2„.. U..4 ::iz: 4 X- .^ 1 1 1 • V Q„ P Q D 5 < y^ ^1 ^ ^ A... 6 A r 1 o o r" r - c r-. .....7...... r" • \ J '.. ^ V 73. It is always the first down or up stroke in an outline that is put in position, the other strokes accommodating themselves to this stroke. 74. In a first-position outline, the first down or up stroke should be half a stroke above the line ; but a purely horizontal outline should be a stroke above the line. 75. If double rulings are used — Write horizontals and half lengths under the upper line and touching It. Write other strokes through the upper line, half above and half below it. IN SHORTHANJi 29 76. In an outline beginning with heh or iss, place the vowel at the very beginning of the stroke, and on the same side of the stroke as if there were no brief sign there. " r 'P - -sp — •^/^• — k:zJ>- — V p ~ eat seat seated awl haul Biuce cited WRITING EXERCISE. Use strokes for s, h, t and d. Use Ray for r: See, shy, sigh, pshaw, saw, thee, ease, vie, coy, odd, imp, eyed, joy, thy, thigh, right, deem, daub, rob, rock, if, easy, haughty, nip, gaudy, king, gong, wrong, heed, hitch, hot. Use the brief signs iss and heh. Halve for t and d: Sing, song, sin, since, hock, hymn, sheet, light, knot, might, feats, lot, hill, Hoyle, spit, spot, sob, sieve, sift, Scott, sky, seek, sick, locks, licks, mix, knits, nibs, moths, sniffs, siege, chips, fibs, folly, volley, lily, little, holly, hilly. 77. The first word of a phrase is generally written in its proper position, and the other words follow without regard to position. Ex. I -will-have, „.„in-case. But when a, an, or and begins a phrase, it takes the position of 1 the following word. Ex. ...... and-is,... _o ana-as, a-dollar, ._"!. a-light. Thesameistrneof/i^.Ex. /I .....he-will, ) he-was 78. 7/ is often omitted in words of frequent occurrence Ex. ...here, _J...why, high, .\. ."happy,....., \ ..hope. 30 BRIKF CODRSE BUSINESS LETTER. If. (^....J^.l21.± Citizens' Lodge : l-bave-3'ours (of the) 4th, in-which-you say you-will-take- a page in February Home Monthly. In-case you do-thls each month, I-shall-make a-dozen page talks to-many-a head (of the) office-and (of the) home which no agents of-yours have reached. You say your Lodge is forging ahead as usual. I-think-the cause of-this is easily seen in-your choice of good business methods. If-30u-have several cuts (of the) Lodge, let me liave- them by -early -mall. Yours-truly, QUESTIONS: 1. Where are first-place vowels written? Second-place? Third-place? 2. When is an outline written in first position? When in second position? When in third position? 3. Where is second position? Where is first posi- IN SHORTHAND 31 tion? Where is third position ? 4. Where should a first-place vowel be written if the stroke is horizontal? If it is an up stroke? If a down stroke? 5. When a first-place vowel comes between two strokes, by which stroke is it written? 6. What vowel signs may be joined to a stroke? 7. If a word contains two or more vowels, which vowel decides the position of the word? 8. What is said of unimportant unaccented vowels? 9. Which stroke in an outline is put in position? 10. Where do you place the horizontal in ?iofc/i? In mile? 11. Where should a first-position horizontal be written? 12. Where should a first-position down or up stroke be written if full length? If half length? 13. In an outline beginning with heh or iss, where is a first-place vowel written ? 14. Which word in a phrase is generally written in position ? 15. What words take the position of the following word? 16. What consonant is often omitted, and when? 32 BBIEF COURSE LESSON 5. BRIEF SIGNS / heh o iss O sez steb ster c weh wuh u yeh n yuh h 8 ses, zes zez, etc. St zd str w w y y WRITE TEN TIMES. ..!z?,..Qj^.. V c^x .-L ...!zr. -r/^.... J \ (^-A Hicks' success dazed Hester. Wait-aweek and-you-will hear Yatesy ell. 79. Sez never represents double s. It represents a syllable like sez or ses, zes or zez, and sometimes, sis, sus, zaus, etc. ...^ ^ ^.... „ \o „.,..IZVo ^.._......!^.... faces recess noises possess emphasis system suspire 80. When desired, a vowel may be placed within sez. l!>x. ' exhaust, season, N® ..emphasize. 81. Like iss, any brief sign at the beginning of an outline is read before everything else. Ex. J sit, / stage, ..^!!^. wink. When at the end of an outline, the brief sign is read after everything else. Ex. D cases, \.. didst. 82. Iss may be combined with any of the brief signs. Ex. V) possesses, a^ vests, .^ roasters, 'I sweat. 83. Words beginning with wh are pronounced as if spelled Aw. P2x. •] wet, '\ (hwet) whet. Eeporters generally omit the h in whip, wheat, and similar words. ° » IN SITOUTHAND 33 .J \' K : I .Ni t)- xj-x -1 ^ ! I. That boaster boasts he-had-the best toaster to toast. Wade raised hU wages. \ -"^ '/f y^°.'^...K\^i s..^. J.. Webster weeded-the roses for his sick wife. Dexter is too young to wed. ....r...-\ 1- !....fk ^x.. He suspects It is Rochester's system. Yale said Yeddo is Yodo's home. 1 1.^. X J. ! oip ! y'S-t°j:S=fSi°.... X Is it necessary to resist his successes? Dix fixed six of Dicli's boxes. / % He awept-the sidewalk for-the Swede. Whip, whet, whit, whiff, whey 'l:; V, 1. ^ f f i ^ ..... \. •1 « -1 -> ' ■^wP .. i>:^ y c. 7 • c^i_P rT.. •f/" 1 1 8b 4=> ^^ LN,ji,? A X 34 BlilKK COURSE 84. It is very important that iss, sez, steh and ster should be made with a motion contrary to that of the hands of a clock. 85. Make iss as small as possible and yet be distinct. Make sez round and much larger than iss. 86. Make steh as narrow as possible, and about half the length of the stroke. Make ster two=thirds as long as the stroke. Make steh, ster, sez and iss as unlike as possiljlc. Practice b b l I) until you can make the circles and loops exactly right and yet keep each stroke straight from beginning to end. Make the stroke quickly, then liiiish the circle or loop with care. 87. Weh, wuh, ych and yuh are elongated semicircles. Make them very small, so that they cannot be mistaken for half lengths. Use the semicircle which is easier, provided it makes a distinct ans;le with the following stroke. WRITING EXERCISE. Vases, vest, invests, investor, investors, raised, roasts, roaster, roasters, just, jests, jesters, rests, chests, heal, hump, noise, noises, noised, Nestor, fist, fists, revised, fosters, kiss, kisses, kissed, roster, huckster, hucksters, test, tester, tests, testers, dazed, mixed, rejoiced, sickness, incense, suppose, supposes, supposed, suffice, suffices, sufficed, bust, locusts, honest, rocks, fox, foxes, boxed, wrist, text, texts, debased, insist, insisted, incessant, opposes, successive, resists, emphasizes, excessive, web, wake, weighed, waded, wives, withes, wig, weeks, walks, wing, wink, wings, winks, witness, witnesses, witnessed, yelp, yawl, yelk, yon, yen, youngster, youngsters. 88. Weh is prefixed to four strokes. Lay, M, N and Ray, without^ an. angle, thus: <^'~^ ■^.^^ o^ Kx. C well,..._ wall, ^^-U won, c^^ wore. When these strokes IN SHORTHAND 35 have this w-hook, they are called weL, weM, weN and weR, the e representing any vowel that may intervene. 89. WeL, weM, weN, and weR may also be used for whel, whem, when and wher. .f vr ■^__ ^ ^ ^^ wlieel while whim wiiiiie where whereby 90. Iss (made like a tiny looi)) may be written within the w-hook. • V Ex. e-^.. swear. swine. CJ J^c ^...^- 'rf: X iL ■^^^. C Well, he wore one where-he worked Wednesday. While here will-you fix •Cl..:C.r^.X N I ".^l^.X^/C/Z. -" "'" ^ ^ "'■ "' ^ ' "^ '""' I my wheel? Will waked up to see Waldo walk. Where will W^elch go? r.JJ°c}i.^C:sl^.....k . ^ -". r:....! r °^ ..:"^ ^ .,.,!. ^ n c ^■- — ^ -A x I Were you with him? We know you were with him two weeks. 36 BRIEF COURSE BUSINESS LETTER. _. X o** / Qv \n.._ r X ."> o ' ^^ ^...x C \ A . Walsh, Yates, Hall &-Co., Waco, Texas. Your wire of Feb. 27 received, and-tlie Yale wheel which-yoii chose was sent to-you ou Wednesday. I-think-you-may ex- pect it by-the first of next week. Y''ours-tnily, Webster Worth. QUESTIONS. 1. Give the names of the circles, the loops and the semicircles. 2. Does sez represent double s? What does it represent? 3. If a brief sign begins an outline, when is it read? 4. If a brief sign ends an outline, when is it read? 6. What may be combined with any other brief sign? 6. In xkM^ and other words beginning with wA, which consonant sound comes first? 7. With what motion should the circles and loops be made? 8. How should iss and sez be made? 9. What is said of the width and length of steh? 10. What should be the length of ster? 11. What is said of weh, wuh, yeh and yuh? 12. With what four strokes is weh combined without an angle? 13. Name the four w-hooked strokes. 14. Write weL, whel, weM, whem, weN, etc. 15. How is iss made when written within the w-hook ? IN SHOUTIIAXl) 37 LESSON 6. THIRD-PLACE VOWELS. 9 1 . Third-place vowels are those writteu b}^ the end of a stroke. 92. A heavy dot by the end of a stroke represents a, as heard in arm or father. Ex..V_...:palm,...-^'...ha, !X.....arm. 93. A third-place heavy dash represents the sound of ob, as heard in \ ooze, r:Z:v....move. A rude. 94. Un represents the sound of u or eiv heard in ^...huos or.\ pews. When convenient, U may be joined to a stroke. Ex L. due, mew, P. suit. 95. If the vowel in a word is third-place, the outline is written in third position, under or through the line of writing : Horizontals and half lengths under the line, as in. „_^.. noose, ..loot. Other strokes, through the line. Ex. .f:0™Jiark., Uoom . \; --. ^' -^■- ^■-■\:^--^ „^ V^ Pa moved-the lute. Archie fed-the poor mule. Art used-the spool. EXERCISE 8. Read, copv, and read from your notes. V^A ' ^ Vri '/n 448449 38 5 BRIEF COUBSE -J- ^• ■■■=^^^^""" '^ 'y '"" \' V'""" V'' ^ 96. A third-place light dot represents a, as heard in I add, wax. 97. A third-plaoe light dash ropresetits the sound of o6, as heard in .^^czz.look, put. 98. Ow y\ represents the sound of ow or on, as hoard in -./^...owl, ::\ our. / an 99. When convenient, Ow may be joined to a stroke. Ex. ^ thou. In the wordsign v_>^ now, Ow is joined with- out an angle. •\:- ~"\^ -^~ Pat took-the cow. Al put up our caps. Fannie wound-the wool. EXERCISE 9. Read, cop^-, and read from your notes. t -^.--1^ f^- /= f^:- ^.. jj -W > t- A\ A \- ^^■~~ y^ ^ ?- V •CVIP,- IN SIIOKTHAND RESUME. 39 Ah Oo 00 Ow U - -/1^- •- d^- -^ -f~--- t---^ Archie Moody sang, Look out Hugh. 100. Memorize the third-place vowel sentence, "Archie Moody sang, Look out Hugh," so that you will never forget it. Write it in shorthand many times. 101. Read and write the following sentences as in previous lessons : .) „ , ■ Ma was soon calm. Poor Aunt Martha sadly took-the vow anew. He \ >-V 2^ > ^ ^ ^ -A h-^ -=^ had moved-the shack to-tlie far side (of the) farm. Ruth took two sacks ^ ^ z^-" xr-A / ^ \y ■^. v-^ of-them to-the house. Pat laughed loudly as-he put on-his new boots. iz:r^- ^ f ' -^ '^- -^--^ -^ V-U--- Jack was badly duped. Anno heard-the sad news of-his abuse Tuesday. EXERCISE 10. Read, copy, and read from your notes. >o A 6 Av5" X) •^" ^- ^- b- ^-- =^- 1^ V N,-: V ^■• :-\: \^- \i. ^ ^ -^^ -^^ ^_D 40 BllIKK COURSE 102. Third-place vowels between two strokes are always written by the second stroke, before it, in the same order as in the longhand word. 103. CAUTION 1. Remember that dash vowels are always written slanting by slanting sti'okes (at right angles to the stroke) ; never slanting by other strokes. 104. CAUTION 2. Be careful to write third-place vowels by the top of up strokes, Kay, Hay, and Lay. WRITING EXERCISE. At, out, pooh, Zoo, cow, cue, art, heart, aunt, aunts, ants, woo, bow, bowed, vowed, feud, mute, back, backs, pouch, soon, paths, pull, due, south, soothe, owl, cowl, bush, rout, rang, root, rag, lack, lacks, lax, pack, tacks, tax, taxes, taxed, wax, waxes, fast, faster, vast, vaster, fasts, casts, castors, hack, hacked, put, puts, doubts, gnats, jute, hoot, wound, rouge, used, vamp, wool, wood, pastors, soot, Sue. WORDSIGNS AND PHRASES. J (Up) ^_^ \ -^ ■' ' -^■- given wish to-be may-be gentlemen should any now - ' '■ - ^ : - what would when should-be we-will we-are we'll we're Speed sentences : ^-^ J c I. \ \...—^ j^ : r^.. Now, gentlemen, your wish to-be given notice of any IN SHORTHAND 41 a .-/. ^- -' \- meeting may-be and sbould-be respected. We-wjll-do wbat you would wish. We-are on time. When are-you going? 105. Write the following letter, reading it each time you write it, until you can write it correctly in three minutes. BUSINESS LETTER. • L.^-b.....^ As c':it each sentence, then give the vowel sounds; thus, Lee naio Jim rob my boi/ — E Aw i o I Oi. 107. Memorize these sentences and vowel sounds so well that you can rapidly name from inetnory all the vowel sounds in the order given in the sentences. 108. Think of the diagram above and name the sounds repre- sented by the heavy dots (E, A, Ah) ; by the light dots ; the heavy dashes ; the light dashes ; the diphthongs. Spend two minutes each day during your entire course, reviewing the vowels with an unlettered diagram, naming them in order and skipping about. lOD, When convenient, I, Oi, Ow, and U may be joined to the stroke. 110. RULE 1. When between two strokes. A, 0, and all first=place vowels are written by the first stroke ; eh, uh, and all third=place vowels are written by the second stroke. 44 BRIKF COUKSK 111. This rule does not apply when a vowel comes between a stroke and a brief sign, but only when it comes between two strokes. Thus, in....v^ fasten, a does not come between two strokes, but between F and iss. It cannot be j^laced by iss, and therefore must be written by F. 112. Strokes have three positions, ccjrresponding with the three vowel places : First position — A stroke above the line of writing for hori= zontals; half a stroke above for other strokes. On douhle- liued paper, place first-position horizontals and half=lengths under the upper line, touching it ; other strokes, through the upper line, half above and half below it. Second position — On the line of writing. Third position — Under the line of writing for horizontals and half lengths; for other strokes, through the line, half above and half below it. 113. It is always the first down or the first up stroke in an outline that is put in position. If there is no down or up stroke, then the horizontals are put in position. 114. The object of position is to enable the writer to indi- cate vowels without writing them, thus saving his time and increasing his speed ; but unless he is perfectly familiar with the vowels, he cannot quickly place words in proper position. Certain conflicting words should always be vocalized ; as, -^ r X r ^ C\ ^ ^ ''.. c/'A X He-may-be late. The old mate is wealthy and-tlie maid is worthy. 138. Eld, Med, Ned, and Ard can never be used with a hook; hence, care must be taken to make weLd, weMd, and weNd always light. 139. When studying the wordsigns in this lesson, observe that the vowel Aw is written in three directions to represent three words beginning with the sound of aw — all, already, ought. The first-place light dash representing o is written in three directions to denote of, or, and on. Since these ticks are written in first position and in the directions of B, D, J, P, T, and Ray, they may. be called respectively Boid.^ CBoid-oiie), IN SllUUTHANU 53 Doidi, JoidS Po'uP, Toidi, and Roidi. Who is Joid'^ ; should is Roid^. 140. The wordsigus for the., a, an, and and given below, can be used when the ticks Avould not make a good joining, or when safer than the ticks. WORDSIGNS AND PHRASES. / \ -I / y... all already ought of or on should who the a and whom an opportunity party common come together ago ( t ' had much thank-ed though those we-were wliat-would we-will we-are advertise thousand -ed-ment Speed sentences : ^ > ^....S^ ■ .„^ > ^..1. All of-the boys ought-to-be already on-the-way to-the store or ...>. .\., to-the ofDce. We-were happy to give-you what we-had. We-will __ n I work together for-tlie common weal. What-would you do with-lhe ^ ' ( ' ^/^■^ ^- ^-^^■- switch? Tliougii we-were sick last week, we-are now well. Wheu M ( t-^. BKIEIT COURSE \ o. r (- would they come? Tlius-the opportunity is-a good one. We-will thank ( ( them for-the thousand dollars given-us. "Who-should go but Mrs. \^ ( .\_A '<_-P c n v.. Boyd and her two sons? Were you with-the party that came ati-hour- C 4 ^ !-■-/■ - ^ • ■"• ^ ^ ago? Tliose aclvurtiaementa are doing much good. A coramou hoi)c. EXEUCISE 13. 2. I ^___^ S. A. V. ■■-/^- ^ ^ I 4ii:i:it:zitiZ4:::zit:: .--^ a~~CM--c\--y^. XaJ^- „<^..„_.„.4. ::zi2L.; KEY TO EXERCISE 12. 1. You-may, you-may-go, you-raaj^-havc, you-raay-do, 3'OU- may-have-seen, you-may-be, you-may-be-sorry. 2. He-may- liave, he-may-be, he-will-do, he-will-have, he-was, he-said, he- IN SHOUTIIAND 55 supposed. 3. I-have, I-do, I-think, I-will, I-will-ilo, 1-will- think, I-may-be-sorry. 4. We-have, we-think, we-do, we- had, we-did, we-think-you-will-be, we-think-you-will-have. 5. We-will, we-will-do, we-will-be-ready, we-will-have, we-are- baving, we-are-certain, we-are-respectfully-yours. 6. I-will- send-you, he-will-send-you, he-will-send-us, you-will-send-us, you-may-be-certain, be-may-be-ready, I-may-be-ready. 7. Let- u3-know, let-US-have, let-us-do, make-us, give-us, when-you- thiuk-you-will, when-you-have-time. BUSINESS LETTERS. 66 BKIEF COLESK Mrs. M. J. Stiliwell, Jackson, Miss. Madam : Are-you-the party who-came to see-us last Wednesday about a-six-room house? All of our force were already off at one on-that-da}^, except one or two boys who stayed to sweep up, and-they did not seem to know just what you desired. We-have four six room cottages at our disposal, all iiew- and on good lots. Wc-think we-ought to suit-you with one of-thera. If-you-will come to-the office some day next week, we-will go together and-look at-the houses. I would-be happy to show them to-you at-an earlier date, but I-expect to-be out (of the) city for-the-rest (of the) week, so must ask-you to wait for me. We-shall advertise these houses for sale soon. A-smaller cottage was sold by-us a-few-days ago, aod-it-is much admired by ail-that see it. We-hope-you-will come and-look at-the house. Yours-respectfully, C IN SHORTHAND 57 Sirs: We note what you say in-yours of July 9. We-will-be in Albany next month for-one week, August 1-8, to exhibit our choice goods. We-hope to have-the opportunity of seeing you while in-your-city, as we-shall-be happy to show-you what we- have in-stock. We-are putting out a-lot of superior white wool weaves that-we-think may suit-you. Yours-truly, QUESTIONS: 1. Which word in a phrase is generally written in its usual position? 2. For what purpose may a first-position word be raised or lowered? 3. What words always take the position of the words to which they are joined? 4. In what two ways may you be represented in phrasing? 5. What may be represented by iss? By Emp? 6. When should Poid be used for I? When Roid? In what other way may 7 be represented, and when ? 7. When may Eld, Med, Ned and Ard be used? 8. When is it wrong to use them? 9. What is the direction of Eld? 10. Inwhattwo ways may i/ie be represented ? ^ or an? And? 11. What wordsigns are represented b}' the following: Boid^, Poid^, Doidi, Toidi, Joidi, Roidi, Roid^, Joid2, ps, pi, Ith^, The^, Chay' D^, Gay', Gay^, Thees^? 12. Can you also give the words represented by Boid'^, Poid', Doid', Toid^? 58 BRIEF COL'USE LESSON 9. Small Final Hooks on Straight Strokes. Ten J L ^JTef or Tev Tents d Tens J |^ Tefs \d Tcfts 141. Straight strokes have two small final hooks, the f or V hook written on the circle side, and the n hook on the ojjpo- slte side. Ex. t' deaf, J' den. 142. Iss may be written within the f or v hook. Ex. \) puff, \ puffs. 143. Iss may be written in place of the n hook on straight strokes. Ex. \,. pan. V. pans. Read and copy. \\ L-L / / ^ ^ ^ ^ Pef Bcf Tef Def Chef Jef Kef Gef Hef Ref \\ Id I Id Io ^ .^ ^ ^ Pefs Befs Tefs Defs Chefs Jefs Kefs Gefs Hefs Rofs vvL V L t ^ ^ ^ ^ Peft Beft Teft Deft Cheft Jeft Keft Geft Heft Reft ^Vb hi b -3 ^ d d of c/ -o -D (<> yo Petits Bents Tents Dents ChentsJentsKents Gents Hents Rents IN SHORTHAND 59 144. The e in the foregoing names represents any vow(;l that may come between the stroke and its hook. Pen, with a change of vowel, may represent pa?i, pin, jiun, x^ine, pawn or pain. 145. Make each hook very small, and the hook line straight, pointing out rather than in ; otherwise, when rapidlj'' written the hook may be mistaken for iss. When iss is written within the hook, it is not round but long, ending in a straight line which divides the hook into two nearly equal parts. 146. Practice the shorthand lines on p. 58 three times, naming each hooked stroke as you write it. Make each stroke with a quick, precise movement; then,without lifting the pen, make the hook carefully and on the proper side of the stroke. b _^ ^ld^:r:.......!s X _^... V. !. _.,e- . Dave gave-the chief river in Spain. Cover-the beehives with-tlie stuff. "J c^ dT' y^ \ J X l| J" o The sudden pain sent Henry running to-the dentist. David Stone has rz....> 1_.....| r2^ X ..JU.. !.„ _3...... ^. gone to-the pine woods of-Michigan, John doffs his cuffs and serves. 147. Write the foregoing sentences ten times each. Observe that in writing the word beehives, it is necessary to partly retrace B in order to show the hook on Hay. Omitting the vowels, except in proper names, write the sentences ten times again. Continue practicing them until you can write them correctly and easily at tlie rate of forty words per minute. But if you try to write rapidly without sufficient practice, you will make mistakes and will have to write slower tlian ever in order to correct your tendency to error. Trying to write faster than you can write perfectly will only hinder you and retard your 60 BRIEF COURSE progress. NEVER ALLOW YOURSELF TO PLACE A SINGLE HOOK ON THE WRONG SIDE OF A STROKE. That is a most serious error in shorthand. Carelessness in placing the hooks, circles or loops ■will lead to no end of trouble. EXF.RCISE 13. Read, transcribe, and write from transcript. \ It S iz ^ <:! L. ,± >^ _.....izz £ £...._ _c>^ ^y^ 1 \ C V y r r" ^ v* — o J^ ^ ;j. i rJ^ _ £ .-] V L^ t i^„ /■ ^ ■" :■■- =^--- d/-- Mrs. .Tone ■ ;;eiit-thc coins to Kansas. The-cliances arc a,t;ainst-liis ■/■ ..\ ransom. He chanced to hear-the spinsters' responses. lie warns-the ^'d- J- X :„ ....^...A nl punsters (of-the) dunce's density. The gowu enhances Jane's beauty. 149. Write the foregoing sentences ten times. Then prac- tice the writing exercise. You can write it the first time and every time without once putting a hook on the wrong side of a stroke. Do so. Practice it until it is easy to place the hooks correctly. Write it seven times without error. WRITING EXERCISES. Pave, paved, pain, pained, buff, paint, paints, bun, buns, doff, doffed, done, dunned, dunces, dove, doves, pine, pines, cave, caves, caved, chafe, chafes, chain, chains, chained, chaff, run, runs, rough, den, dens, huff, tough, hove, tefi, tense, tenses, Jones, achieve, achieves, achieved, Jeff, Dane, dived, roof, roofs, rain, rains, rained, gave, rove, roves, roved, ran, rinse, rinsed, rinses, reigns, reigned, skein, skeins, hen, hens, heave, heaved, spine, half, halves, pan, pans, panned, referee, ripen, ripens, ripened, staff, staves, river, Henry, spun, stone, stones, stoned, sudden, mechanic, dentists, banish, divide, defense, penance, tanned, toned, gifts, taunts, dents, daunts, coughs, pants, calves, bounds, skiff, rinds, bereft, pints, pounds, coins, sustained, suspends, swerves. 62 BRIEF COURSE 150. A dot at the begiouing of a stroke, and in line with it, indicates con, conn, com, or coram. Ex. '^.^^ coramenced. J» contained, WORDSIGNS. .......!:>. >>_.„.x^. .\....^ J I .\« L_ opinion upon iiappen been can general-ly dlffer-ed before whatevei (verb) -ence-ent-ly SPEED SENTENCES CONTAINING WORDSIGNS. L o \ ! ..^ ) ..„^„ y \ Whatever you decide, we can say tliat-we-have generally l)een ^. ^ \ ^, ! o X ( V I .,.1 slow about contesting points with you. They have differed with n \) X >^ }^ \ ( ..^ \ \ Ix you before. Our opinions upon this point happen to-be different. 151. When Co. cannot be conveniently joined, it may be represented by K written across the jjreceding stroke. Ex. Oil Co. 152. Of, as well as of-the, may be omitted before dates, and indicated by writing the following word close to the word pre- ceding of. Ex. .bijA. Yours of June 16. 153. When convenient, of may be represented by the f p hook. Ex. bz:?. stock-of, /L rato-of, ...i out-of. 154. Write the following letter ten times, omitting the vowels except in oi7, Meeves, and Dunn : IN SIIOKTHANU BUSINESS LETTER. 63 Kansas Paint-& Oil Co. , Kansas-Cit3%-Mo. Sirs: Yours (of) June 10 lias-just come to (h)and, and-in- answer will-say that-we-have-a good stock-of paints, mixed ready for use, put up in tin cans of different sizes. The smallest on sale contain one pint, though we-have sample cans that-we can send-you that contain still less. Whatever you- may need in-the-way of paints this season, we-shall-be happy to-send-you. We-will give-you-the usual discounts for spot casli or we- will-send on sixty days' time, as you wish. 64 BRIEF COURSH Hoping that-you-will-send to-us for sample paint* before buying, we-are- Yours-truly, Reeves «&;-Dunn. 155. Notice that in writing the derivative word sixty, six Is written in its usual position and T is added. QUESTIONS : 1. Wliat small final hooks may be placed on straight strokes ? 2. Which hook is written on the circle side ? 3. Which hook is written on the opposite side ? 4. How is iss combined with each of these hooks ? 5. Write and name the ten hooked strokes, Pef, Bef, etc. G. Write and name the same strokes with iss added. 7. Write and name Peft, Beft, etc. 8. Write and name Pefts, Befts, etc. 9. Write and name the ten strokes with the n hook. Write and name those ending in ns. Those ending in nt. Those ending in nts. 10. What does e in the names signify? 11. How should each hook be made? 12. How is iss made when written within the hook? 13. Write beehives, and state the peculiarity in its formation. 14. What should you never allow yourself to do? 15. What is said of this error? 16. What may be written in place of the n hook, and when? 17. What is indicated by these four? 18. What may be used to represent Co.? 19. Give the different ways of indicating o/. 20. How may con or conn, com or comm be represented? IN SHORTHAND 66 LESSON 10. N HOOK ON CURVES. 156. Curves take the final ii hook, but not the f or v hook. 157. Iss may l)e written within the n hook oa curves, but never in place of it. Ex 1 mine, .^ mines. .^. is mice, not mines. tSez, steh, and ster cannot be combined with the n hook on curves. WRITE FIVE TIMES. VoVs vo vs/^/^ r f° ^-^ ^-^ ^ -^X Fen Fens Fent Fenta Len Lens Lent Lents Men Mens Ment, etc. Women ^ .^ • -^' \ xy V - ^ _^ /T _ ../:::rrf, y. .^,^-^ /O ey x — 6 1 X I of renown. The moon shines upon-the ocean's billows. He finds excellent lines. EXERCISE U. Read, copy, and read from your notes. . ^ ._. ^- r:3 - keep, copy incli, notch book, back amount, mount account, couut Speed Sentences : <."-:: ,^r^ CiX." ^ v.A—x.i" Ilave-you seen anything like this before? How-long have-you been keeping it? C \ 1 _, • o o \ \i C — ^...^^ V^ ^x ^^^ 1.. We could pay-you something soon after-the 1st. The fact is, his language wis ~ n"-' ^ ° \F ^ v-" > ^7 quite bad. The advantage is to-be largely in-the future. Put-the thing 68 BUIKF COURSE V ^l.^ ^ X I r .._. 1^ .! '2:„_,^ ^ an-inch (a-notcli) higher. Does your count tally with my account? ^. ^=. ::!, .^_f,r..^^.X..:^ You-will-flnd-the catalog in-lhe back (not book). If expenses .^ / .:^' ( r ,. ^. : r.^ 4.x mount mucli liigher, tliey will amount to half of our receipts. BUSINESS LETTER. .LfZ rK^-^ ^ ^^ ^ -^._..w X ! Vo ^. A ^ ^ -> \ LC^. J" \ V i /C 1 -^^/\ A \ y. h '^^^ V^ /— ---^ I .r— t5 \ / b ; /- ■■) ' ^ -^ -^>- L -U-^ ^^ ^^^^■ \ -^ -- -^ ^ •- ^ b---^ =-- ir 2 — --^ ^ ■-■^ ■'■ -^^ 1 X ■ ^ A X 5 :^.yy\o X 5 «-^ \ 7 1-^ '::^^.^ f I] ^ IN SHORTHANU 69 William Kaufmann, Leavenworth, Kans. Sir: Yours of June 1.3 received and-duly noted. We confess that-we read your note a-second-time before its meaning dawned uj)on-us. So-you desire to-loan money, but at exorbitant rates. Allow-us to-say that-the state of our finances does-not demand that-we obtain loans by paying usuiy. We cannot commend your views. We can not consent to any such arrangement as-you suggest. The chief point in- your argument is based upou-an error. We-do-not (dictated don't) wish your services. We-do-not intend to change our policy of doing business honestly. Yours truly, David Sloan & Co. QUESTIONS. What small final hook may be added to curves? 2. What cannot be added to curves? 3. How is iss combined with the n hook on curves? 4. Can iss, sez, steh or ster be written in place of the n hook on curves? 6. Should the stroke be made light or heavy in loaned., mind and earned? Why? 6. What is the -ed tick? 7. What is indicated by fourth position? 8. Where is fourth position? 9. Write to-him and to-me. 10. Write the word signs for the following words: Quite, long, could, language, large, future, thing, after, advantage, iact, how. 11. Of the words dis- tinguished by position, which are written in the second position? 12. Make the inuiks of parenthesis iu siiurthand. 70 BRIEF COUKSE LESSON 11. THE SMALL L HOOK. ^ kT Left hand L hook 7 TL 160. Certain consonants combine so closely with the sound of I that the two consonants together really form but one sound, spoken with but one impulse of the vocal organs. Thus, in play the two consonants form the one sound pi, pronounced like the last syllable of apple. Give this sound. Give the combined sound of bl as heai'd in able, the combined sound of fl as heard injly or awful. This union of I with the preceding consonant so as to form one sound with it, is indicated by a small initial I hook placed on the circle side of the following strokes : tt \\ r r / /=__i.^c ( ^j PI m Tl Dl Chl Jl Kl Gl Fl VI ™ Th^ ^ Zhl \ \ r r //^LX^ c c J J sPl, sBl., etc. sF[, sVl, etc. s^hl, etc. "X \ s^j_ ^^ . ^^ % -r ey. .^ ^ play able ugly oval flood plates settled social civil glacial 161. Always call these double consonants by their names, which are the same as the last syllables of apple, able, settle, saddZe, Mitc/teZ, vigil, fic/de, haggle, awful, oval, 'Ethel, bushel, and usual. The triple consonants are pronounced sPl, as in gospel; iss-Bl ; sTl, as in hostile; iss-Dl, etc. q b IN SHORTHAND 71 162. Observe that Shi and Zhl are written up, to distinguish them from Shen and Zhen, which are written down. 163. Iss is made long and thin when written within the 1 hook, the same as when within the f or v hook. Take special pains to make iss long when combined with the 1 hook in the middle of words, in order that the hook may be quite plain. subtle saddlery bicycle exclaim explosive 164. It is often necessary to retrace the previous stroke in order to make the 1 hook. Ex. A^ couple /"a^ rullle. EXERCISE 15. Transcribe, write from transcript, and read notes. 1 ^ ^ ^^ < ^ Vo C 4 -^- ( ^ \ k^ ,._! .....^ '.^. '^_ -c ,^. P„„ f A^ X ..±-_._.._^.. I- •' --■■;/- ^v V ^' -^- ^ 72 BRIEF COUUSB WRITING EXERCISE. Play, played, plow, plows, plowed, plots, plats, glee, gloss, blaze, blame, blades, blazed, bluster, blazes, cloy, cloyed, clue, cleats, clams, clap, clip, pluck, gloom, fling, flung, plump, clamp, baffle, shuffle, bleeds, floods, pleads, flats, floats, evils, bevel, level, rifles, juggle, knuckles, addle, saddle, sidle, sable, civilit}^, supple, supplement, compliments, civilize, civilizes, cycle, sickly, tackle, pebble, stubble, angle, flip, flabby, exclaim, exclusive, gospel, fiscal, social, facial, racial, glacial, plane, planed, blind, blend, blends, flint, bland, splash, spleen, displace, displease, complain, clean, cleansed, cleanses, complained, complains, complaints, gleaned, glint, glints, initial, rashly, fleshly, splints, supplants. WORDSIGNS ^ -.-."S ^ „ ^ ^ ^ ^ (^J bill billed able-to b:ihiiice feel fuU-y value build-t fill, fall Speed Sentences : .^ .^ S-.^C -„.N^! Are-you able-to balance your books? 1-feel certain i S 1 ^ c I V ^ 6 _./ _x) - .V- ....V^...x I C. X that-he-has billed-the goods at full value. It fills-the bill. PHRASES. '. ( „ r r _,.^ ^...-. they-will it-will it-will-bc Avhich-will-be please-send they'll it'll which'll IN SHORTHAND 73 > .!.. \. EXERCISE 16. -1 C /d~| ....{ /^ X ../...^l ^. I. % o V ^ C n C .....^ V."^.. ,x. J^.. > V^-t^ P(^ X '..' . 0=51 X /^ \ C. n C v._C>'^ \ ^.... ^~. ^ 11 X ^—\ S .. V. 74 BRIEF COURSE BUSINESS LETTERS. ^ ^ ^.-.^^ v^ ^.-^^^^■^^ .-...^- ,41^. ) /> — -■-- ^ ■"■ - "■' Messrs. Mitchell-& Black, Glen wood, Iowa. Sirs: Please-send me six bushels of-your best russet apples, a peek-of your choicest blue plums, and-a small sack-of flour. Cannot you send-the plums right-away? If so, you-will- oblige me. Yours-truly, Willis Blunt. QUESTIONS. 1. What is indicated by the small 1 hook? 2. Write and name the 1-hook series of double consonants. 3. What two are written up, and why? 4. How is iss written within the 1 hook ? 5. Where is care especially needed in order that the 1 hook may be plain? 6. How is the 1 hook made in couple? 7. Write the following phrases: They-ioill, it-ivill, it-will-be, which-will-be, please-send. 8. Write and name the wordsigns for the following words :Ba^a7ice, able-to , Jill , value, build, fully, feel, »biU,f ally billed. IN SHOBTHAND 76 LESSON 12. ANGT.]'] RULES AND WORDSIGN REVIEW. 165. The downward stroke ( El is sometimes used in- stead of Lay for the sake of a sharper angle or a more con- venient joining. 166. RULE 6. Use El after N and Ing. 6 / 6 >>^ — 6 ^Ti nails needles kingly needless endless annuls annulment 167. Copy the above line several times; then write the following: Null, wrongly, kneel, Nile, Nellie, inlay, inlet, inlaid, inland, knoll, neatly, newel, knell, unlimited, songless. 16S. When Ish is impossible or inconvenient, an upward stroke, y Shay, may be used for sh, as in ..V^.. Evanish, ..^...sheathe, ^vV flesh. Use Shay: Finish, dish, fish, flash, flesh, dishes, tissue, dash, bishop, Finnish, sheathes, fleshly, peevish. 169. Regardless of any vowel before or after r, use Ar before M and Emp, but Ray after M, Emp and Ray. -"\;:z::;, ^M^b room rumpus mirror empire inferior armory Write: Romp, rim, ram, rhyme, roam, reams, armory, mire, merit, mirrors, merge, March, empires, amperes, emperors, interior, superior, terror, carrier, barrier. immediate impossible importanoe iinnrove-ed on-hand these-things -ly impossibility iiiiportaut inipiovenieiit 76 HRiKF COURSK WORDSIGNS AND PHRASES. .„^,..„....! : ,.( ^ V- :./ "^ . believe year yet beyond without ever however issue explain ye -ed-tion ^ importance iinnrove-ed on-hand t iiiiportaut iiupioveiiieiit Speed sentences: * ^ ^^ ° I >^ X \^ The unportance (of the) improvement is quite evident. However, ^ ^ ^ ' ^ ^ -^ ' ;y you-could-do without-it for-a year yet. When will-you issuc-thc >> ^ ^^ L ^ X !.J^.:.::^ x ^ 2, ^ bonds? Now it-is beyond- you. Is it impossible to build immediately? h .S:^ ^ 5> .-.-." / Did-you ever fully explain-the immediate advantages of-this plan? AVORDSIGN REVIEW. \\V-i-i' i-Vv X^.X.((.4^.^ ^M ^ ' *■■-■ c o c o y be to-be it at-out dollar do had-advertise-ed-ment each which much advantage large common come quite could give-n together ago good. If for few after future-fact ever have however think thank-ed-thousand them-theij though was wish shall-t issue usual-ly these this those several that without. Him am important-ce improve-d-ment impossible-ility any-m now thing long language when your will alloiv are are. First is-his as-has we-with were what would ye-year yet beyond you I-e^e-high how he of to or but on should all too-two a\ve&dy-aive 0-oh-otce ought who-m the o-an and. Opinion upon hupj)en been can general-ly before whatever differ-ed-ent-ly-ce bill billed-build-built able-to balance feel- fill-fall fuU-y-fell value. ■—^ 17 78 BUIKK COURSE KEY. You ought to improve this opportunity of advertising those goods. But is it impossible to build beyond-the city limits? However, you-will-have-thera on-hand for several weeks. I-wish to-be notified immediately when anything important happens. Now, we-hope each party will give whatever is convenient. What-was-done with-the different bills before-the House? Such language was too common a-year or two ago. I-think-he-wouid-go if-you would invite him. The General 's opinions upon that issue have already been given. Could- you pay-the balance due on-this large bill? First, how- long-and how high will it all be? We-shall-do without these-things which cost so much. Oh, work together for-your mutual advantage in-the future. Can you arrange for-the thousand-dollars you owe him? Were you able-to find ouc who were after-them? IN SHORTHAND 79 What-would happen if-he-should ever know its value? He- feels that-the bag is already quite too full. Gentlemen, all- these changes affect our country — the whole kingdom. 170. Except in phrasing, a wordsign should never be writ- ten out of position. Practice each sentence until it is easy to write it correctly; then practice it until you can write it both correctly and rapidly. There are ten words in each sentence, sixty words in each group. Practice each group until you can write it correctly in a minute. Perhaps you can write some of the sentences correctly ten times in a minute, i. e., at the rate of 100 words per minute. It will pay you to spend two or three days on this lesson, for wordsigns are of little value imless written without conscious effort. BUSINESS LETTER, I A -t" ' ^'--^ t\ 80 BRIKF COURSE Messrs. Gleason, Kline &-Jones, Pine Bluffs, Ark. Gentlemen : How-do-you like our samples (of the) plain unglazed tablets? The selling value of tablets depends-upon-the cover design as-much-as upon-the excellence (of the) bond. We can give-jou-the benefit of-a binding which-will, we- believe, be second to none, and superior to-many of expensive mounting, at-the rate-of 75c. a-dozen. Enclosed is list of inducements to individual pupils-and student clubs that want to-save-the coupons. Shall we send-you a-few-dozen tablets, and-also coupons? Kindly write-us at-your earliest convenience. Yours truly, QUESTION: 1. "What is the name of the downward stroke for 1 ? 2. After what strokes should El be used, and why ? 3. What is the name of the upward stroke for sh? 4. When is it used instead of Ish? 5. Should Ar or Ray be used be- fore M and Emp? 6. What is used for r after M and Emp? 7. After what other stroke should Ray be used, regardless of the vowel? 8. Observe the italicized words in the wordsign key, and note whether they are written regularly, or whether they are, like true wordsigns, exceptions in point of position or omission of consonant or vowel sounds. 9. Make the shoi'thand dash. IN SHOUTHAND 81 LESSON 13. THE SMALL R HOOK. THR 171. The r hook, like the I hook, indicates that the two sounds represented by the stroke and its hook together form one sound, not two sounds. Thus in j^^f^V, the two conson- ants blend into the one sound, i'r, pronounced like the last syllable of upper. 172. The double consonants of the r-hook series are as follows: Pr Hr Tr Dr Chr Jr Kr Gr pray prayed acres odor ^"^^0 r J >> .^ w Ft \r 'ihr'Hir.Shr Zhr Mr Nr 3 ^ ^-y fresh freight eveiy threshers withered brazier rumor honored 173. Fr, Vr, Thr, and T-hr are formed by turning Fl, VI, Thl, and Thl over, so that the hook is on the other side, as in 6b 82 BUIKK ootnsK the diagram. There is no danger oi mistaking Fr, Vr, etc., for Ar, Way, S, and Z, because the latter rievci' take an initial hook. 174. Observe that (^^ Mr and (^.^^Nr are shaded to distinguish them from c~^ weM and q_^ weN. 175. The names of the double consonants of the r-hook series are the last syllables of u[)/K^r, so6er wUer, adder, l)\tcJier, lodjyer, acre, angor, offer, over, niithor, cither, usher, I)loa.sM/-e, rumor, and ban«er. Read and write the following lines ten times each: 176. Observe that Ray can be used before Mr, though not before M. See outline for rumor, on preceding page. 177. An obscure or unimportant sound is frequently omitted by careless speakers, and can often be safely omitted in shorthand writing. Thus, ?t' may be omit ted in equal, -Ia downward, etc. ; ?/ in\^ behavior, etc. ; h in ...\...behind, — ;3 /ia?id ..._ at h((nd (at'and), etc. As to and y are •J semivowels and h a mere aspirate, these are the consonants most frequently omitted. 178. Unimportant vowels are also sometimes omitted, and PI, Fl, Pr, Fr, etc., used as if there were no vowel sound be- tween the consonants. Ex. \_-_s forgave, "^ furniture, etc. Care must be taken, however, never to omit anything that is necessary for the legibility of a word. IX SnOUTHANU 83 18. WRITING EXERCISE. Free, dry, prow, Troy, gray, gross, fry, fret, freed, brace, trust, frock, dressed, crust, liver, lever, fever, butcher, badger, covert, movers, through, throng, thread, thrust, three, shriek, shrink, shrug, glazier, treasure, frost, thrush, fringe, thrash, thrown, enthroned, brazier, dimmer, banner, Palmer, calmer, graves, tinner, lamer, travel, shivers, shaver, flung, bathers, coffers, thrums, green, Vermont, furnished, reverse, revert, draft, craft, graft, drained, frowned, friends. Oliver, enshrined, ferment. 84 BUIKK COLKSK WORDSIGNS AND PHRASES. ,1 1 .; .f:.^,.^.....:^ I J 1. the the: \ Dr. dear during larger Mr. more from their other sure-ly remark-ed there share Speed sentences: t. o '■ Dear-Sir in-our we-ma-, :..:5 1 f^ r) — A > i.,,: ^ The authors, doctors, and-every other guest received their sliare of lionot r:7...|„^^f2^..,,.^ L. : i„ k...k from-the Major at Mr. Frazier's dinner. The dear, tireil fare jtrew fieshcr P ) X 6 c-^ 7 / "~A>x 1 ^ ' '^ ' ^ 7 .V i- during her stay there, He-has more-and larger fruit than-liis neiglibois. BUSINESS LETTER. 1,.^^^^Z.„.V^ \ 1 V^ ^ z ^. /-.- X-^ ■■^- -^ ■■ i -N' ■" ^ ' ^"^ ^ ■' =" ^,...^.:r?/ L ^ 1 1 I V \.._..A"r. -^ ^^ ,N,,^^^ , V ^ ■> '^. ; c. ,\. ^.^^ ^.^ 1.^- .„"^c^.,.< ^. ^ \ J aI .y..V^ _^_ IK SHORTHAND 85 Dr. Frank Thrall, Burlington, Vt. Dear-Sir : We-have-made some quite important changes and ex- tensive improvements in-our store during-the past year. With our present advantages, we can handle an-unusually large stock-of goods with ease-and dispatch. We-have spared no pains in-our endeavor to please our patrons, but we-believe we-shal!-be compensated by larger sales. Hoping that-we-may soon have-an opportunity of serving you, nnd-promising that all of-your purchases shall-be attended to with our usual promptness, we-are- Yours-respectfully, QUESTIONS: 1. What is indicated by the small r hook? 2. Is this r hook on the circle side of a straight stroke or on the opposite side? 3. Write and name the straight double consonants of the r-hook series. 4. Write 'and name the curved double consonants of the r-hook series. 5. If PI, Fl, Shi, were made of wire, how would they be turned to form Pr, Fr, Shr, etc.? 6. Why are Mr and Nr shaded? 7. Should Ar or Ray be used in rumor? 8. What is said of obscure or unimportant consonants? 9. What consonants are most frequently omitted in shorthand writing? 10. What vowels may be disregarded in shorthand, and when? 11. Write the phrases: Dear-Sir, in-our, we-may, 12. Write the wordsigns: Dr., their, sure, other, dear, there, during, share, more, larger, from, remark-ed, Mr., surely. 86 UKIKF COLKSK LESSON 14. SMALL HOOKS REVIEWED AND CONCLUDED. 179. The circle may be written in place of the r hook on straight strokes. Ex. \ Pr, \ sPr, pronounced issPr, or simply sPer as in ^prosper. Write and read the following lines until they are thoroughly familiar: \ \ 1 1 ; / _ _ ^ sPr sBr sTr sl)r sClir s.Ir sKr sGr sezTr \ \ \ ^ ^..i~. Z. L LX, .^ . pray spray sprains sprained seeker secret secrete sacrifice cistern c^ Ax The-Secretary's ^croons were made of cypress. Sister sorvotl supper. 180. In the middle of a word, iss is generally written within the r hook. obstruct extra extravagant restrained reciprocal prosper distrust ISl. Iss must always be written within all hooks on curves. ^ 'N !) "} J J ^ ^ sFi- sVi- ^sThr sThr sShv sZlii- sMr,. sNr ...^ <^- V ^ ^ ^ ^ Oxford Hosford passover suffer sooner signer dishonor IN SnOKTHAND 87 RESUME. sTret "1 Tents I "^ ^ ...: sT vi r sTI Tens J L Tefs or Tevs -^ S r sTit I Tefts By-tlie sufferance of civilians, friends filleJ-the streets and-offered splendid gifts. 182. Iss may be written in place of the r and the n hooks on straight strokes; but generally in the middle of a word and always in all other cases, iss must be written within the hook. Never write iss in place of a hook on a curve, and never in place of an ! or an f or v hook, for that would change the hook to simple iss. 19. .: V '^ .il^. Js..^. '^... ■^" 88 BKIKF COIRSK 183. When sTr follows the n hook, gi-eat pains must be taken to lengthen the circle so that both the n and the r hooks may be distinct. ^ '^ \^ h -h monstrous minstrel remonstrances demonstrate, administrate 184. When \ or \ follows /or / , as in ^ Jasper, or when ^ or ^ follows a down straight stroke, as in \; — disagree, add the circle to the fin t stroke as if it were alone, and then WTite the second stroke. -<; ^ K h "^ x-Ji:....<.x Jasper was discourteous, discouraging, and-disagreeable to Mr. Chesbro. 185. Summer may be written issM-Ray instead of issMr; cipher and stiffer may be WTitten issF-Ar by those who find issFr difficult. The highest authorities disagree as to the best way of writing these words. Choose, therefore, the outline that is easy for you, and always use it. WRITING EXERCISE. Straw, stress, strews, strikes, straps, strive, strives, screech, scrawl, sadder, cedar, cider, seeker, setter, suckers, straight, streets, struts, sprites, strained, strand, restrained, restraints, restricted, distracted, obstructed, reciprocated, masterly, mistress, destroys, distresses, outsiders, considered, seekers, sacrifices, Casper, Oxford, suffer, suffered, saffron, Hosmer, signer, sooner, designers, fastener, sisterly, cisterns, fronts, friends, descry, discreet, disagreeable, Jasper, mon- IX SHORTHAND 80 strous, remonstrance, poisoner, passover, civilians, secre- taries, secretes, discourage, spread, sprouts, splasher, flints, stretchers, soberly, sprained, superfine, superficial. 186. In phrasing, than and own may be represented by the n hook, and have^SiS well as o/, by the f or v hook. Ex. s/ better-than, J their-own. o which-have. WORUSIGNS. -. ^ J nature under pleasure hundred OUTLINES DISTINGUISHED BY POSITION. \ ■\- ^ h ^ W prove approve demonstrate administrate devise advise proof device advice 187. In the sentences below and in future lessons, hyphens will be omitted in some of the phrases. -_D A - K-^ ^ ^^ Nature gives-us pleasure in divers manners and a hundred little ways ^ ^^ t ^ ^ ^^ '^ "> K, understood by few. Those proofs are approved. He has demonstrated ■-°-\^- U^- } ^ (^ — ^- - his power to administrate the estate. Your-own may-be better-than that. B 90 BKIKF" roi:RSR BUSINESS LETTi:il. > r .._ ?.. J ^:rrr'ZIZ... x Q^^ X 's^ Dr. Hosmer Sprague, Pittsburg, Pa. Dear-Sir: , We-take-ploasure in mailing-you to-day, under separate cover, a little souvenir book, illustrating in-a brief-and v.-c-bdieve-a delightful manner, our factory and the methods and nature of engraving processes. It also contains most natural lithographs of the President, Secretary, and-other officers of the Company. I hope you will favor us with a perusal of-same, and that you will find it what-we intended, namely, a fine specimen of the graphic arts. IX SHORTHAND 91 Please consider the advantages offered in-our sui)plenient and the great faciHties which we-would be glad to place at your disposal. Kindly write us for prices or other details which you may desire sent you. Awaiting your commands, we arc Respectfully yours, The Werner Printing Co. QUESTIONS. 1. How is the circle combined with the r hook in stray? 2. How is the circle combined with the r hook in restrict? 3. How is iss combined with the r hook in sooner? 4. Write sTl, Tefs, sTlt, Tefts, sTr, Stret, Tens, Tents. 5. What hooks may be changed to circles? 6. What hooks cannot be changed to circles, and why? 7. How are such words as disagree written? 8. What caution is given in regard to making the sTr after the n hook? 9. Wiite: Remon- strance, demonstrate, discouraging, summer, cipher, admin- istrate, suffer, monstrous. Tell what is peculiar about each one. 10. What may be represented by the n hook in phrasing? 11. What may be represented by the f or v hook in phrasing? 12. Write: Their-own, your-own, our- own, her-own, better-than, more-than, sooner-than, which- havc, who-have. 92 BKIKK COURSK LESSON 15. DOUBLE-LENGTH CURVES. 188. Making Emp twice as long as usual changes it to Emper or Ember. Ex. temper, amber. 189. Doubling Ing changes it to Inger or Inker. Ex. >-<._ long, .>.,_„<^.. longer, C . thinker. 190. Doubling any other curve adds thr, dr, or tr (terorture). Ex. neither, c/ surrender,/-— j — -v motor, ^-■—i-'-J materials. 191. The first half of a lengthened stroke is put in the position it would occupy were it a single length. Ex. - fee,,..X^^^..... feature, ..V feather, ._./.. latter. 192. A final hook, circle or loop is reail after the added syllable. Ex. ...) modern,.. winters. 193. It is better to make a double length too long than too short. If it is too short, it may be mistaken for a single length. IN SlIOKTllANU 93 WRITING EXERCISE. Letter, latter, leader, enter, mother, madder, motherly, neither, neuter, nitre, mitre, motors, featliers, fathers, fea- tures, fitters, fighters, finger, anger, longer, linger, languor, hunger, tinker, canker, anchor, rancor, thither, thinker, damper, tamper, hamper, lumber, limber, timber, temper, temporal, temporary, render, surrender, tender, voter, order, orderly, disorder, smother, modern, lantern, Easter, eastern, oysters, literary, temperance, Walter, wilder, wilderness, diameter, thither, softer, sifters, shutters, smoother, ardor, harder, cylinder, motors, entrance, hindrance. 194. In phrasing, lengthening may be employed to add their, there or thej/-are, and sometimes other or dear. Write the following sentences ten or twenty times: 1 Are-thertnauy l)ooks on Finnish literature in-their library? =^=^- ■ ^ •— ^ I -^^-^-1^3,- My-dear- friends, the Prince's defenders had wonderful adventures. ^ WORDSIGNS AND PHRASES. ^ ,r. r !\ \^....'\ A - ^ ', I n entire matter over very ineiiiber nuinber board particular-ly part until te)l told remeiiiber-ed appeared till 94 BlilKF COUKSE longpi-lhan tlie-otlipi\(tliuther) 7 Q_^ ... wlilcli-are as-soon-as Speed Sentences: C...:Z. < .\ _ .^ :rrr^_-. ( . He-tells me tliat-he remembers going over the entire matter with them. r .:f>^ '>.._:^. .'^. y \\ X He-told a-number-of very important i^articulars to the members a{ tlie board. 1 ^ V. c ; \...v -. Wait until the party of the first part tells wliich-are the best for their needs. 21. 1 A J-^ X V / ( / A. ^-x >x 3 oA \ \...i ! : t-^ Y=-' ^-- ^ ^ - V ( ° ^ X o cT^ L ^ I )x 1 ) i? IN SHORTHAND 95 WRITING EXERCISE. For-there, havc-their, think-there, see-their, show-their, for-there-will-be, for-there-may-be, for-there-is, if-there-is, if-there-is-time, we-have-their, I-have-their, I-will-have- their, we-will-have-their, he-was-there, he-will-have-their, are-there-many, we-think-there-is, I-lhink-there- will-be, I-think-they-are-read}^ seen-their, I-have-seen-their, know- their, doyou-lcnow-their, sorne-other-roads, some-other- cases, in-their-caso, in-othcr-words, the-other, the-other- time, the-other-day, the-othor-road, the-other-rates. Esther wrote-a long letter to her fat her-and -mother Thursday, and-Fritlay she wrote-a still longer letter to her sister. Can you open-the shutters? Render honor to whom honor- is due. The longer you-linger the harder it-will-be for-you to enter upon your task. Does-it-make any difference whether-the diameter (of the) cylinder-is six-inches or ten? The feather pillows ought-to-be smoother, then -the room will look neater. Mr. Luther's remarks were particularly good. What- was -the nature of -his business? Which-are yours? BUSINESS LETTER. 96 BRIKF COL'KSK Mr. Luther Arthur Sanderson, Purchasing Agent New- York-Central, New- York-City. My-d ear-Sir: Your-letter of the 14th of September was duly received. As-soon-as-the temperature-is lower, not later-than-the latter part of December, we-shall need materials for repair- ing our tenders. Unusually severe weather would render it impossible for-us to use these temporary water pipes. Later in the winter we shall alter-the diameter of the fire boxes, and we shall also use softer water in the future. Clinkers do-not smother-the flames if-there-is any device for forcing-the air entirely through the ventilators. Have you noticed the lighter fingers which-are now a feature of the longer cylinder dampers? Send us-a good supply-of both thermometers-and barom- eters. Yqurs truly, Walter Reifsnider, Supt. Motor Power, N. Y. C. R. IN SIIOUTIIAXD 97 QUESTIONS: 1. What is the effect of doubling Emp? 2. What is the effect of doubling Ing? 3. What else may be doubled, and to add what syllables? 4. Which half of a double length is put in position? 5. Is a final hook read before or after tr, dr, or thr? 6. When is a circle or loop read? 7- What caution is given in Par. 193? 8. In phrasing, what is indicated by doubling? 9. Write and read the following wordsigns: Tell, part, entire, number, very, particularly, until, matter, member, told, over, board, remember, nature, hundred, pleasure, under, other, from, their, more, remark, during, larger, surely, dear, doctor, Mr., share. 7 B 98 BUIKF COUUSK ml LESSON 16. LARGE HOOKS. r r ^ c_ 6- _ tw dw kw gw Ir ml nl rl 195. The above are called Tway, Dway, Kway, Gway, Ler, Mel, Nel and Rel. Ex. J* twain, V dwell. 196. El is generally used after Kway. Ex. / quail. 197. A vowel never comes between the large w book and its stroke, but Ler, Mel, Nel and Rel can generally be used in long outlines, and Rel in a few short words, when a vowel comes between the hook and the stroke. Ex. railroad, _y rely, real, ,^ rule 22. X .r f.: £ [y J. ^ p-^ 2 .LZ .z°. c r '~\ : G cA 2 ^- -^ -^ ^ ^- WRITING EXERCISE. Option, action, mission, notions, fashions, compassion, connection, congregation, pewter, potter, spider?, daughters, brother, brothers, brethren, equator, gladder, director, direction, execution, executors, collection, collector, faction, factor, bladder, suction, writer. Congressional, go-there, pay- their, I-will-be-there. WORDSIGNS. V ^ v-^ never afford because U. S. call difhcult-y appear principal-ly practice govern equal principle practical -ed-ment Speed Sentences: 1 A < c::.... ^ o ^-v tL r. • ^^ It appears that my practice has never equaled yours. The U. S. Kovernment has overcome only the principal difficulties. He has never been able to keep \ \ .^. .! ix- ° . ^ ■■^■- -^^ ' .'^ up appearances because his practice is too small. Call on the Principal, ...„., \U V .tf ^— ^ ....OP. '- .9^. /..-..Lx and tell him to equalize matters unless he wishes a general strike. ra SHORTHAND 101 BUSINESS LETTER. v^ Y V-\^- uu^^.^ ..^. :S:^...z :^ iV -^^ -^^ I '^ A ^:f\....i^...„: ^-^ .X ^ v.: \ ^ \^<.....v, / ,^....k c^_^ -\^ ^ n /C I . ^N__ ~^ -...: ^^ -1- ^ 'V \i ^^ / r V 102 BRIEF COURSE Mr. Daniel Clark, Electric Railway Motor Co.. Brooklyn, N. Y. ' Dear Sir: We hereby call the attention of the Directors of the Electric Railway Construction Company to the Convention of Railroad Officials, which convenes at Waterloo, in April next. One of the features of this Convention will be a practical exhibition of motors and dynamos. Arrangements have already been made for the machinery to be used by their demonstrators. General plans for electric railway extension may also receive consideration. Where there are many exhibitors, the execution of orig- inal plans is sometimes difficult, but the contractor's early completion of the Cuyler Tunnel and Lower River Channel exhibits has surpassed our most sanguine expectations. We hope you will improve the opportunity afforded by the Convention not only to display the new machinery you are advertising, but also to make some large sales. Let us hear from you at your earliest convenience. Very truly yours, Peter Petrie, Sec. QUESTIONS: L What are the large initial hooks? 2. What are the large final hooks? 3. What caution is given in regard to the formation of the large hooks? 4. Write the following wordsigns: Because, principal, govern, afford, equal , United States, appear, call, never, practice, difiiculty. IN SIIOUTIIANU 103 LESSON 17. CHOICE OF STROKE OR BRIEF SIGN. 202. As has been taught in previous lessons, Z, and not iss, must be used for initial z. Ex. ^_^^ zinc, sink, K r L /.eal, •.t... seal. 203. Heh cannot be joined to a stroke unless it makes a sharp angle with it. Heh is never used before N or Ing. It is always used for li before the other horizontals, and before Lay, Ar and Way. Some use it in a few other cases. ^ "f ^.^ \:C...^ hoax hogshead ham hump hair hill whew 204. RULE 7. Halving must not be employed in unusual words nor in proper names where it would be difficult to tell whether t or d were intended. Ex. Luyden, ..1. not Let-N. 205. RULE 8. Do not halve a stroke unless it makes a sharp angle with the stroke or strokes to which it is joined. For instance, K cannot be halved in I I locate, for if it were, the outline would look like Lay-K or like Lay only. Tighten must be written T-Ten, not Tet-N, because the joining in the latter would be bad. Straighten cannot be written sTret-N, but always sTr-Ten. 206. RULE 9. A hook can never be used for N after a half length. Add N, not the hook, to cot for cotton, to got for 104 BRIEF COURSE gotten^ to fat for fatten, to glad for gladden, etc. When a hooked stroke is halved, the hook is read before the t or d, never after it. is gland, not gladden. ^ A^ jf 2 ^ ^ '7 _ £:;;;;_ coin coined arrive arrived clean cleaned lined lighten 207. It is sometimes more convenient to use a brief sign in the middle of a word than at its end. For instance, defense should be written Def-Ns rather than D-Fens, for the sake of the angle. t. = ^ \^ U -.-^ -'^ dozen cannon driven penance advocate define Providence 208. Every word should be so written that every impor- tant vowel in it may be inserted if desired, and placed by some stroke. Hence, there must be at least one stroke in every word, wordsigns excepted. Ex. .v...wise, More free- dom is allowed in the use of a stroke for h, w or y than for s. Ex. ..^c^ house, not .A.; r/ or f yellow. 209. If there is only one consonant next to a vowel, that consonant must be represented by a stroke. Thus, s is the only consonant next to the initial vowel "in ask, the only consonant next to the final vowel in also^ the only con- sonant next to w in Suez; hence, S, not iss, must be used in these words. 210. RULE 10. When a word begins with a vowel sound, use a stroke for the first consonant. Ex. ..] ask, > awoke, ^ oyer <; IN SHORTHAND 105 211. RULE 11. When a word ends in a vowel sound, use a stroke for the last consonant. ^ k ^ ^.^. ^.-^ ^ ^ also Ottawa Tokyo coffee gravy china putty lady 212. RULE 12. When two consonants are separated by two vowel sounds, both of which are necessary to dis- tinguish the word, then both consonants must be repre- Y X rented by strokes. Ex. )_ Suez;. _i±?. science, not ;..A pious, not ... .^. ; !S fiat, not ._..... x 213. A brief sign at the beginning of an outline shows that there is no initial vowel. A brief sign, a half length, or a double length, at the end of an outline, shows that there is no final vowel. Therefore — 214. If a word begins with S, Way or Yay, look out for an initial vowel, as in .......east; or, in rare cases, for two vow- els after the first consonant, as in ) sciatica, \--,_^ Wyoming. I — 215. If a word ends in S, Z, F, V, N, T or D, look out for a final vowel, as in \/ ) policy or I memento; or in rare cases, for two vowels before the last consonant, as in ".situate. Remember that the lack of an angle or the presence of a brief sign in the middle of a word may BG 106 BRIEF COURSE necessitate the use of a following stroke, as in \ affect or -^ attendant. When there is no other conso- nant stroke next to a vowel, use the stroke. Otherwise, if practicable, use the brief method. RESUME. Hay. Ex. (f^^^X^'^C~" V< S,Z. Ex. l.n L/) > .1 / vp Way, Yay. Ex>/^ "^ \ .1:^., F, Y, N. Ex. /V^ \ /^^^ T, D. Ex. ^_ ...^.•. °~r- / Shen. Ex. ^ .._.^ ^ ^, Tr, Dr, Thr. Ex ^Z :^ V^- Tick. Ex. y^....^...., ^^ -) r^ Circle. Ex l.~ ^ - '^- - Semicircle. Ex & TS Small hook. Ex. "^ ^d.^- Large hook. Ex. Half length. Ex .T "h. L^. ' <\ BUSINESS LETTER •V:;::^aA L \ ^ .: ^:... ^::=. ^i ^. -7 \ e^ ^ -+ <- 116 BUIKF COURSE Mr. Quinn Morrison, Cheyenne, Wyoming, ^ly dear Mr. Morrison: I have your-communication of the 15th, concerning in- struments to be used in instaUing our insulating plant. Our inspectors have looked into the matter thor- oughly, and find that there is a feeling of apprehension on the part of several because of a suit which has been brought against the company offering to furnish these instruments. However, we believe this difficulty is only temporaiy, as we think there is no danger of the Company's insolvency. We have ahvays found them reliable, and their instruments are first-class. Yet, under the circumstances, it behooves us, in self-de.*"ense, to be cautious, and I will act only upon ad- vice of our officers. Very truly, Potter Inskeep. QUESTIONS. 1. If a word begins with a prefix, which vowel governs the position of the word? 2. What prefix may be indicated by proximity, i. e., by writing what follows the prefix close to the preceding stroke? 3. In IN SHOKTHAND 117 what other way may con, com, cog, etc., be represented? 4. Write: Accompany, decompose, disconcert, inconvenient, misconduct, nonconductor, recommend, in connection, commenced, commune. 5. How is circnm indicated? 6. What other prefix may be represented by the same sign? 7. When may self he joined? 8. What prefixes are indicated by a detached tick? 9. What is represented by the n curl^ and when is this curl used instead of N ? 10. What is used to indicate magna-e-l ? 11. What is said of the position of a wordsign used as a prefix ? 118 BRIEF COtJRSB LESSON 19. REVIEW AND PHRASING. 224. Doubling the length of Emp makes it Emper or Ember. Doubling the length of Ing makes it Inger or Inker. Doubling the length of any other curve adds tr, dr, or thr. 225. A final hook is read after the tr, dr, or thr of a double length. \d - ^ ,. ^ ^ -^ i^ ^^n o This winter is longer than visual, and the temperature has been lower. 226. A large final hook on the circle side of any stroke adds the sound of shun. A large final hook on the opposite side of a straight stroke adds the sound of tr, dr, or thr. C .....^. .S?._,.c-x .....^.. You will soon learn to do really tine enameling, if you will ^ ,..^_^. ^. Tj ^ ' L^ . only accurately follow the directions of your instructor. 227. Intelligent phrasing not only adds to shorthand speed , but results in greater ease and certainty in reading, and should receive as careful attention as the wordsigns. 228. Phrase only such words as are closely connected in thougtit, as a pronoun and its verb, a verb and its object, a modifier and the word modified, a preposition and the word following. Ex. .1... it was, b tell us, \_very good. 229. As previously directed, do not use a dot for a, an^ and, or the when a tick can be conveniently used. IN SHORTHAND 119 230. Remember that with the exception of a, an, and, and lie, the first word of a phrase is written in position unless some subsequent word in the phrase must be written in position in order to be read with certainty. Ex. oL .... and it has been, .../^.. as much as. 231. You should be phrased whenever convenient, even if necessary to invert it. =v -\- we think you lia\c we liopo joii ha\e let j'ou know will j'ou have if you desire 232. Us, is, his, as or has may be represented by iss, or by changing iss to ses. From the context it will be clear which word is represented. — ^ — ^ poo /I _ b o o p b^o> give us (;ives us tells us is his, is as as is, as has this is a it-is-his- hi.s is, his has has as, has his QmD P- D C-° Q_^ O intention as good as as far as as fast as as great as as soon as as has been 233. Not may l)e represented by Net; or by the n hook and halving as in ~~:i or Z' are-not. In ...ior-not, the n hook alone is added for not. Those who use Kent for cannot must be very careful to make the half length short enough, so that there will be no danger of mistaking it for can. For most persons, Ken-Net is far safer than Kent^ for cannot. ^ rT r^ ^~^.Or..!2 \> I shall not you will not you are not I cannot we have not 234. Use the full form for / before S and Z, Ar and Way; but before other strokes use Poid or Roid, according to the direction of the stroke — Poid, the downward tick, before an up stroke, but Roid, the upward tick, before a down stroke. 120 BUIKF COURSE 235. In the middle or at the end of a phrase, use the full form for /. ^_..J. ) ■%-. ^ .rz:. r. ......X. I say I see I was I remain I await I am I am not I vmderstand 236. Use Choid for he at the beginning or in the middle of a phrase; but use Choid, Roid, or Poid, according to convenience, at the end of a phrase, ^ t .^ .1 t y - t _. , he will not be he is a lie has a is he docs iic was he did he would lie 237. WeL, weM, "\veN and weR are used in many phrases beginning with we or with. WeRnt is used for were not. me, we may have, we ( ^ ■^■- ^ - -^ with respect, with regard, with him, with me, we may have, we may not have, we are not ,^-~—-<-^ ( '^ ^ "^-^ — ° ..,.. 6^ V we are not inclined were not theyweronot v^owerenot we will not weiiiclose 238. When must is joined to a following word, its loop is generally changed to a circle. -^ ^ ."^1 ^ -- ^ Imusthave, hemustbe, you must not do, wc must, wemusthave, wemustbesure 239. In phrasing, each small hook may represent a word, as follows: Than, own,or one by the n hook, e-5 more than, .:^,^.our own, .1. at once Of or have by the f or V hook. ^ which have, i. ..out of I day of Are or our by the r hook. / which are, /].... at our -N. by our Will or all by the 1 hook. ^ it will, S:::::in all f- at all ---(- v--:^- ^- ^ i i the other one in our letter it will not be which have been number of cases by all means it will not do IX SHORTHAND 121 240. These hooks are used freely on ticks by some careful writers. ^ r t ? ?_, ^ who have been who will who will have who are who are not to our of our 241. Double a curve or add the thr hook to a straight stroke, for their, there, or thcy-are. After a brief sign or a half-length or double-length curve, add Boid or Joid for there or they-are. 242. There are ten words in each of the speed sentences in this lesson. Practice each sentence until it is easy for you to write it correctly. Note how many times you can write the sentence and write it well in a minute. Try it a second minute, and note the gain. Practice each sentence until you can write it at least ten or fifteen times in a minute, i. e., at the rate of 100 to 150 words a minute. Speed sentences: .^_^,^ ^ I am sure \vc wisli you well in all things. -^- ^. ^ The price is liiglicr than I am inclined to pay -^ ^x I will say that this is not our own machine i- ^ x It will not be any longer than the other one ^ (.....x In all such cases they will keep out of reach. ...r^-D V A ...I x I hope you will soo them when they are there. ^^ ' x I will try to be there as soon as possible. - -...\ Q-A x Wire us at once if lliere is anything down there. .... ] ....\,,^^ ...q _.|..Y By all means finish theirs as soon as you can. ^1^3? .Q.J" => x There may be more than you think in this case. f"-^^^^..../!... vj — o x We have asked those who are already in our employ. ^s-V■Y x 122 BRIEF COURSK BUSINESS LETTER. Mr. C. Q. Austin, Hartford, Conn. Dear Sir: In reply to your letter of recent date, I will say that the price of the Arnold Machine is higher than I am inclined to pay. I am sure that this is not as good as the other one you mentioned in your letter of the 12th inst. In fact, it will not do the work any better than our own, nor is it likely to last any longer than the old model. You can tell Arnold Brothers that you have instructions not to buy any of their machines. Wire us at once if there is anything down there for us, IN SHORTHAND 123 and I will be there as soon as possil^le to take care of it. I hope you will see the other solicitors when they are there. They will finish their canvassing in Eastern New York in about three weeks. In all such cases as require immediate action, do not hesitate to use your own judgment and close the contract as soon as you can. I think there is a good opportunity to increase oiu- sales in your territory. Wishing you well in all things, I am, Very truly yours, QUESTIONS. 1. What is the effect of lengthening Emp? 2. What is the effect of lengthening Ing? 3. What other syllables are added by lengthening? 4. Is a final hook read before or after the ter, der, or ther? 5. What strokes take the shun hook, and on which side of the stroke is it written? 6. What strokes take the other large final hook, and what does it represent? 7. How does phrasing help in shorthand writing? Of what advantage is it in reading? 8. When only should words be phrased? 9. Which word in a phrase is generally written in position? Name some words that are exceptions. 10. In what other case is the first word of a phrase not written in position? 11. In the phrase and ice had not, which word is placed in position? 12. What is said of phrasing you? 13. What may be represented by iss in phrasing? 14. How may these words be added to iss? 15. In what two ways is not represented in phrasing? 16. How is are not written? 17. How is / represented in phrasing? He? We or ivith? 18. What is used for ivere 7iot? 19. What is the peculiarity of must in phrasing? 20. What may be represented by the n hook? By the f or v hook? By the r hook? By the 1 hook? 21. Give the rules for representing there or they-are; their. 124 BRIKF COIRSB •LESSON 20. AFFIXES. 242. A wordsigii is often used as an affix, disjoined if necessary for convenience or legibility. Ex. jsL hereafter, I thereto, T thereof, ^ whosoever. 243. Use B for=ble or =bly. Ex. ..■;^. profitable-y. 244. Use F for fore, either prefix or affix; f or v hook or F stroke for =full or =fully. Ex. ) therefore, \ painful-ly, V hopeful-ly. 245. Instead of the -ing dot, use 1. Iss for =ings, =ing=his, or =ing=us. Ex. .9... tidings* I doing-his, ..°.. fitting-us. 2. Light slanting tick for =ing=lhe. Ex. 1... advertis- ing-the. 3. Koid or Toid for =ing=a. Ex.i doing-a \ pack- ins-a. 4. Joid or Bold for =ingly. Ex. I exceedingly. 5. U for =ing=you. Ex. ..Y. thanking you. n 246. Represent =ality, =ility, =erity, or =arity by writing the stroke which immediately precedes -ality, etc., to the right and a little below the first part of the word. ^:V-/X X - X L-l ^\ T- frugality legibility popularity prosperity dexterity res])()nsibility instrumentality 247. Use iss for =self, sez for =selves, and Ish for =ship, detached when not convenient to join them. IN SHORTHAND 125 '—ft /^ - :^ ^ ^ ;^ -...-...y...^ myself himself one's self yourselves friendship hardship 248. Write a word in full if it is just as easy; but if it is easier to write and perfectly legible, use the prefix or afRx. For instance, it is better to write Bet-Fl for beautiful than to use the affix for -ful. Commission may be written or ._ X It is easier to write the stroke than the dot for -ing after most circles, and frequently after hooks. WRITING EXERCISE. Whenever, hereon, although, altogether, whosoever^ wheresoever, attainable, responsible, sinful, watchful, wherefore, successful, buying-the, doings, meetings, making- a, meeting-his, meeting-us, putting-the, concerning-the, having-the, doing-a, boastingly, interestingly, wittingly, knowingly, legibility, susceptibility, peculiarity, similarity, frugality, credibility, instrumentality, lovingly, myself, themselves, ourselves, yourself, herself, himself, yourselves, kinship, township, apprenticeship, blushingly, friendship, accountable, posterity, hospitality, honorable, remarkable, lawful, facing-the, tracing-the, exceedingly. 249. When the sound of shun follows iss or the ns circle, it is indicated by continuing the line of the circle until it forms a curl on the opposite side of the stroke, as in (I decision, | condensation. This curl is called ishun. A vowel, 1, e, or a, always comes between the s and the shun when ishun is used. I is indicated by a light dot placed before the combined circle and curl; eh and A are placed after the combined circle and curl. 126 BRIEF COURSE -^ ■■■■■;::^ . V 'i-^ x Among the excursionists was one of the finest elocutionists I have ever heard. 254. When a light and a heavy stroke join without an angle, as in._yr::rr". catalog or I data, make the change in the shading gradual, not abrupt. Write both strokes quickly, as if they were but a single stroke, and it will be found easy to shade properly. Write: Ditto, tidy, foggy, figs, diet, duet, toady, victor, victory, logs, kegs, Chicago, detain, Dayton, radiate, always, severe, among. 255. For the sake of legibility, a double letter is some- evenness, 6 solely. This exception applies only to derivatives, and is often used to distinguish a negative from a positive word. Ex. ^^X^necessary, v_^.^_P^'^ unnecessary, ^ natural, ^._^ unnatural, [ noticed, d unnoticed. 256. The pen may sometimes be lifted in the middle of an outline, and the latter part of the word lapped by the first part to show their connection. I| ^^ ^ y/" ^\r^z;----"-^--sj----^ attitude institute substitute rewritten architecture badness prepaid instituted substituted architect brightness unmindfuJ B IN SHORTHAND 131 257. Unless there is a final vowel, El should be used after F, V, and Ray. As stated previously, El is generally used after N and Ing, whether there is a final vowel or not. ->-^ ^ ^ v^ ^ ^ ^- - foil filed veils refutal burial unlawful intellectual individual 258. When I comes between an initial vowel and a horizontal stroke, use El to indicate that the word begins with a vowel. The Elks had an elegant illumination in Illinois recently. Elongated eloquence(?) 259. El may be used when more convenient than Lay. > ^ -^--/^ f y openly lesson license friendly alcohol sensational constitutional 260. El may be used in unusual or conflicting words to indicate that there is an initial vowel before I, or that there is no final vowel after I. C r. (^......Lrrr... 1 l-f- oldest latest legal illegal legible illegible elucidate 261. In all other cases use Lay-. El is never used as the only stroke in a word. r ..„......^. r r ^o,K.... C. C... alone Allen Ellen else elsewhere align alignment WRITING EXERCISE Elm, lame, alum, Elmira, like, alike, Alleghany, alimony, luminous, legation, allegation, alligator, legible, alkaU, 132 BRIEF COURSE alumni, Eleanor, Illinois, electro, elector, election, elective, electric, elbow, alabaster, continental, aluminum, fuel, vowel, file, vile, tinfoil, squeal, elimination, illumination, Alexander, Alexandria, Alma Mater, alcohol, squall, elementary, alliance, elocution, elucidate, elocutionists, elocutionary, electoral, oleander, ultimate, ultimatum, almanac, eloquence, legacy, avail, vial, violin, whirl, whirl- wind, swirl, twirl, license, Hcensed, elucidation, alimentary. 262. With the exception of very frequent words like about, added, and avoid, which can be easily read, halving is not employed in words consisting of two vowels and only one consonant besides t or d. 4] -/Ti ^ X f-M .7^ C:. 9T -I acid aside obeyed allied solid await avoid afraid edit added 263. There are a few words in which a half length may be joined without an angle, because it is made distinct by its hook, its shading, or by the opposite direction of its curve. ...>, Q_^^ vacant coward feared midnight handmade sentiment 264. F or V may be added to a few curves by a thin hook, made half as long as the stroke to distinguish it from the n hook. -^ H i-"- ^ ^ -" thief faithful thankful they have they have been navigation 265. The small 1 and r hooks may be used with Chay, J, K, Gay, and generally with Ish, in words of frequent oc- currence, even though a prominent vowel intervenes. By IK SHORTHAND 133 remembering this exception, the student can write from principle many words which are usually memorized as wordsigns. Ex. child, c- court. But if there is a final vowel after I or r, the hook cannot be used. Ex. L..._ chilly, ..^..... carry. 266. The- double consonants formed from these five strokes can be safely used, because the words represented by each outline are so few that the context will easily determine which word is meant. 267. A reporter seldom vocalizes these words, writing longer outlines in cases of uncertainty in preference to taking the time necessary to insert a vowel. If, however, vocalization is desired, an intervening dot vowel may be indicated by writing a circle instead of a dot in first, second, or third place, as the case may be. Ex. _...... chill, c^v. shelf, C-— r3 gallon. If convenient, write the circle before the o stroke for a heavy dot, but after it for a light dot. Ex. o .r. keel,-..°ZI..kill. 268. Dash vowels and diphthongs are written across the stroke unless prevented by the presence of a circle, loop, or hook. In such case, the vowel is written just before or just after the stroke, as required. Ex.c_|— coal, ^\ north. ... require , mquire. ,r / ^ / ?iz..\^:^ ^ ^. Charles cheers the Chairman. George Gilmore's figures are carefully made 269. In rare cases, and where there would be no sacrifice of legibility, the hook for I or r may be used with other strokes than the five mentioned above, in order — 184 BRIEF COURSE 1. To prevent an awkward joining, as in ^/^ engineer. 2. To shorten an outline which can/'be easily read by- its consonants alone, as in \f parallel. 3. To give a word a more distinct and legible outline, as in V barrel. B-Rel is not a good outline for barrel, because in rapid work it may be mistaken for B-Shl, bushel. Telephone for a carload of charcoal, six bbl. of sugar, and twelve bu. of corn. 270. If two vowels are placed on the same side of a stroke, the one next to the consonant may be written nearer the stroke, as in ^Lp Owens, rp? cameo. Or, a light tick may be added to the first vowel sign to indicate that another vowel follows. L. ^ -A \ .4 v_^ drawee snowy riot payee Louis Noah 271. Yeh may be joined to the stroke, or yuh may be written in the vowel place, to indicate i or e followed by another vowel, as in.^-p^-^^j ammonia, \/ Peoria, I" India, ^" area, ^J-^ or ^._^^..^^ onion. 272. It is sometimes convenient to join the diphthong / to the end of a stroke, as in rye, Guy, £...... Ohio. 273. The first syllable of a word is often used in longhand as an abbreviation; as. Bap. for Baptist; pub. for public, publish, or published. In like manner, in shorthand the first syllable or syllables are sometimes enough to suggest the whole word. Thus, gov. may be used for govern, IN SHORTHAND 135 governed, or government; accord may be used for according or accordingly. We shall prob. pub. a list of the prop, holders whom you rep. 274. Sometimes the last syllable of a word is indicated as well as the first, to make the word plainer. Thus, / \> representative, / \j representation. This principle of abbreviation may be applied by each stenographer to his special line of business, provided he confines it to words in every-day use and to words that can be correctly and instantly read when shortened. Some naturally incline to contractions, and find it easy to write and read an abbrevi- ated style that would be very unsafe for others. WORDSIGNS AND PHRASES \ ^ 'N^.rz" — /\ /\ /\j publish-ed proper-ly-fy correct represent representation public-ly-icity probable-ly-i1ity character representative in consideration in order to in order that Speed Sentences' They will probably publish a list of the different properties V V X i,_.....!iz:. we have for sale.y)It is a correct representation of his character. We are sure our' representative will represent us 136 BRIEF COUBSB \ X _..^ ^^ properly. In compliance with your request, will visit'you f„x L..z_.... . — ^ I r^ X shortly. It is quite characteristic of this individual BUSINESS LETTER. f /^ /OOt/. ^.. .^..._^..!>......' ' r A ,:a....C2.^........_ -^......Lz: vv— ^ s ^ ^\^.....L^ \ '!_ f^ z:^.ib... .n_ £ ..^. ../r..-.z. \ 1 ^„ ..C_a<. V/' ^ ^ .2..J. 2\^1j1L.2sJ lI IN SHOETHAND 137 -^— s ^-\r^--^'--u L^..: ^ ) c^ . r ^ «^ Mr. George W. Churchill, 1004 N. Garfield Av., City. My dear Mr. Churchill: I note from your correspondence that you were not pleased with the Cornellsville Coal you procured last winter from my partner and myself. While, as you will recall, we told you we could not guarantee this coal, we did regard it as first-class, but were disappointed. Now, in order that you may be thoroughly satisfied, I should like to furnish you a carload of what is called the "Corning Lump. " I will personally take care of your order, and will guarantee this coal as absolutely reliable. As you of course realize, there will soon be a sharp ad- vance in prices of both coal and charcoal, on account of the strikes in the northern fields. You cannot afford to ignore these conditions, and in order to take advantage of the low prices you will want to lay in a supply of coal at once. In consideration of your' former large orders, we quote you the following unparalleled prices for immediate delivery: Furnace size $6.75 per ton Stove " 7.00 " " As a rule, our customers get coal direct from the mines, and not coal that has been in stock for several months. Shall we telegraph today for a carload for you ? If so, telephone us. Yours truly, Charles Goldman. 138 BRIEF COURSE QUESTIONS. 1. How is Est sometimes written? 2. What is said of the shading in such words as data, figs, etc.? 3. In what class of words is a double letter sometimes represented by two strokes, and why? 4. Write: Prepaid, rewritten, atti- tude, institute, unmindful. Tell what is peculiar about these words? 5. After what strokes should El be used when there is no final vowel? 6. When should El be used at the beginning of an outline, and for what purpose? 7. In what other cases may El be used? 8. When should El never be used? 9. How is aside written, and why? 10. How are added and about written? 11. When only can a half length be joined without an angle? 12. What strokes may take the small 1 and r hooks even though a vowel intervenes, and when? Why is this liberty allowed? 13. How may -an intervening dot vowel be represented? 14. Where should an intervening dash vowel or diphthong be written? 15. When only may the small 1 or r hook be used on other strokes regardless of the intervening vowel, and for what three reasons? 16. When necessary to place two vowels on the same side of a stroke, how should they be written? 17. Write: Ammonia, India, area. State the peculiarity of these words? 18. Where is the diphthong I sometimes written? 19. Name some longhand abbreviations that are also used in shorthand. 20. What syllable is often added to the abbreviation to make the word plainer? 21. Write: Publish, probable, represent, correct, public, repre- sentation, publicity, popularity, character, probability, rep- resentative, publicly, in consideration, in order that, in order to. IN SHORTHAND 139 LESSON 22. REVIEW AND MISCELLANY. 277. Review the large hooks, the prefixes, and the affixes; then read and transcribe the exercise below. Write it in shorthand from the transcript, then compare with the printed shorthand. Repeat this process until you have mastered the exercise. -. ^' ) V. L . 4 .._^.\....x....:__ •^ "\^ V^ > I-' ^ ^ ^ 4 h ...^. c/ X * „...Q_j& ^.... X 5 1 4..i.....!i'^ . ^ «,_.: La^Ai. 6 "v^.^ )^ ^ ._ .71 >-7 I X (^._../6 X 7.:.,'^! .:^„..\..j i^. — , ^^ ^-i a. 8..,j).y L i.i .\ v^-^ ^ \,.'^.. ^...|.....^...G 140 BRIEF COURSE COMPLETE RULES FOR AR AND RAY. 278. Unless Ar would make an inconvenient joining, use Ar whenever a syllable sounds more like Ar; as, 1. When the word begins with vowel-r. 2. When a word ends in final r. \ V ^ arrears European orations Irish arbitrary armature flier lower whaler 279. Use Ar between an initial and a final vowel. Ex. •N . -x ^^ X ->" ■ • Erie, era ' Ira ^airy, *\ area. 280. Use Ar whenever Ray would make an inconvenient joining, especially before M and Emp. redeemable remittance return retail resumption retrospect retrograde 281. Unless Ray would make an inconvenient joining, use Ray whenever the syllable sounds more like Ray; as, 1. When a word begins with initial r. 2. When a word ends in r- vowel. .^, ^, ^ X y / A^y ratify rivet rental rosary reserve reverie rotary raillery 282. Use Ray whenever Ar would bring the outline too far below the line, or when Ar would make an inconvenient joining, as after M, Emp, Ray and Hay, or before T, T), Chay, J, F, V, Ith, The, N,and Ing. artistic arch urge earth ornamental rarer prepare horizontal IN SHORTHAND 141 284. Reporters do not always agree in their choice of Ar or Ray. The general practice, however, is to regard the angle of greater importance in common words, as in / earnest; but to regard the vowel of greater importance in less frequent words, as in~^ or V^ Orient. Where authorities differ, it is wise for the individual to follow his natural inclination and use that outline which is easiest for him to write, provided it is also easy to read. 285. As far as practicable, the form of a primitive word should be retained in its derivatives. Thus: found founder foundry foundation continue continued alteration 286. A derivative is written unlike its primitive when necessary to secure a good joining or to distinguish between words containing the same consonant sounds. Thus: -•-.-.r. I ^.--^ ■^- See seen assign assignor approve approval 287. Conflicting words may be distinguished, 1. By an arbitrary or a natural difference in their outlines; as gentleman, ^ agent. 2. By a difference in position; as migrate, ^—^.T' emigrate. 3. By vocalizing one of the words; as A upper, \ principle. 288. OMISSIONS. W, y^ and h are the consonants most frequently omitted. K and Gay are often omitted after Ing, as well as in words beginning with ex. 142 BBIEF COCHSE /^ -^^ — \^ h ' -^^ junction sanction bank distinguish anxious 289. Where st occurs in the middle of a word, the t is often omitted. postpone postal card mostly mistaken westward earnestly testify 290. P may often be omitted after m, as in U, tempt, .<5^ consumption. P is also omitted in \ capable. 291. R may be omitted in L southern,.. ...... surprise, etc. 292. Any consonant may be omitted if it is but slightly sounded or if its insertion is difficult, provided the remaining consonants are sufficient to determine the word with ease and certainty. Thus, I is omitted in ^ intelligent, n in 3—° transgress, J— ^ transaction, J — » transcribe, ^ identical, \) passenger. 293. The syllables most frequently omitted are the adverbial termination ly, the final syllables of a long word, and con or com in words of very frequent occurence. Ex. in consequence, "J-^ and contents noted, ^\ recon- sider, ...V positive-ly,\> substantial-ly, V / sufficient-ly. '^ \^ \ -J' ^.......- The postmaster comprehends the situation,and consequent- 6 \. e) — X ly is well qualified to deal with the Express Company. ix SHOKTHAND l4S 294. In phrasing, any word may be omitted which must and will readily be supplied to complete the sense, aa to in phrases Uke in regard to, C- in relation to, etc. _>) ^^ \\. .^_.... ,:::^,..^rf:I,^, two or three, more or less, by and by, in a few'ilays, in the first place, in regard to your request, with resp?ct to your statement, with reference to this requirement, sooner or later, over and over again, now andvlthen, from day to day A few words may be indicated by intersections, as follows: book agent War Dept. Oil Co. Missionary Society Gen. Supt. news agent book dept. Traffic Assn. Pacific R. R. Write the following phrases on a card and keep them with you for reference until you know them. Your favor, your valued L^ j When it was, where it / (/^ favor, how much, \vrV"'"./ in its, there had been, 2 very much, too much, it \;::^J^U V^ ^^^ ^*'' '^^'i'^h ''^^'1 have C. .AiZZHl. is said, for instance, i'— -;, ^ t^....-j .. ,^g jj^pg ^q j,g^yg ^g pj^^ next day, in some cases, ^ p^-^^ r?\ ) ) we remain, we may be Vrnr^ .No V> in his way, is it, as it, | we have been, never been, as it is important, w,^ ^^"^ having been, had been, v._.|...:^ ,A-3 as it is impossible, the first, the second, O J as it has been, as it \ v — ^ ^ \ as there had been, was ...\ \ _y___ seems to me, as it was, ^' " V" there nothing, with our, I. / I think it is a, which -r is there anything, in would be, it would be, '' ;^ r their own, of their own, which had been, they at first, at last, r p l/f. P.. would do, they had done.'lC ( ( at least, at length, ll \ \""'^'" it ought to be, it will I (1 ^ at all events, at all _n _^| have to be, of all its, "" > X" times, at any rate, \^ t-o i^' 144 BEIEF COURSE 295. INITIALS. It is safer to write most initials in shorthand than in longhand. Use Ray for R, and Gay for G. Use .1...., n , D for C, Q, and X; or better still, write these in longhand small letters. Do not take time to write capital letters when taking dictation. 296. NUMBERS. When alone, c_^ one and _ six should always be written in shorthand. It is better to write the following also in shorthand: S ') VV J C ^ a, 5 2 3 4 5 10 12 first second third sixth tenth 297. Numbers consisting of two or more figures are written entirely in figures, with two exceptions: 1. When a number ends in two ciphers, the wordsign for hundred should be used in place of the ciphers. In like manner, thousand is used for three ciphers, and million for six ciphers. ^_^ N^ 7( ^^^ ^ 7^^ 100 200 7,000 2,300 100,000 9,000,000 2. Twenty, thirty, etc., may be written as follows: 298. PHRASING. Every profession has its technical terms and peculiar phrases. These should be written in full until the writer becomes familiar with them, when they may be abbreviated or phrased with safety and advantage. Thus the sermon reporter may write ^ kingdom of Heaven, /'children of Israel; the law reporter may use such phrases as ^ V what is your business, cA where do you reside, or ^/^ sworn and examined. IK SHORTHAND 145 299. Occasionally a special phrase should be formed for a special occasion, as when a long and difficult combination of words is frequently repeated. Thus....x.^._.may be used for New York Central R. R. Co., / fOT~- Lake Shore and Michigan Southern R. R. Co. The phrase should be written in full in the margin of the notes near its first insertion. 300. Court repoi'ters enlarge and slant with, ircre, what, and U/'ou/d, to indicate an added !/>u. Kx.. witli you, .C. >vere you, what you....O... would you. RESUME OF APPENDAGES. r L p b f I b 1 r r 1 1 ^ L L 301. All of the appendages that can be joined to a straight stroke are given above with T as a sample stroke. The stroke Lay is given below with the appendages that may be added to a curve. r r (^ r r r r r c r r r r r r r f ^^ 302. Give the names of these signs as far as you can without referring to the key. In the key, strokes are represented by capitals, and the appendages by small letters. Key: issT, Ts, sezT, Tsez, stehT, Tst, Tster, wehT, Tl, sTl, Tr, sTr, sezTr, Tef, Tefs, Ten, Tens, Tensez, Tenst, Tenster, Tet, Tets, Teft, Tefts, Tent, Tents, Tshun, Tther, Tway, Tsishun, Tensishun. IssLay, Lays, sezLay, Laysez, stehLay, Layst, Layster, weL, Ler, Len, Lens, L^t, Lets, Lent, Lents, Layshun, Layther, Laysishun. 146 BRIEIi' CULUSIC GENERAL RULES. 303. When writing new matter, use the briefer signs — circles, semicircles, loops, and hooks, also halving or lengthening — unless there is a reason for not using them. 304. Use I for - ted, and I for -ded, detached when there is no angle, or use the light tick for -ed, as is most convenient. 305. Write a long word one syllable at a time, dis- regarding the less important vowels, and dividing the word according to convenience without reference to the usual method. Thus, . cantaloupe should be divided into two syllables, cant-loupe, and written Kent-Lay-P. The five- syllabled word documentary is changed into the three- syllabled dok-ment-ry. In this way, a long word becomes nothing more than two or three short words joined together. Omit obscure consonant sounds, especially when it would be difficult to insert them; write the prominent consonant sound plainly, and, if necessary, insert a vowel to make the word easily read. Use — /— for a dash, and rl.-.i for a parenthesis. WORDSIGNS. „..j : ).....J.... ^.....!:....^...:::y v ±: ::x.....i v> astonisli establish wisher spirit knowledge notwithstanding whoever -dl-ment -ed-nient assure start acknowledfre nevertlieless have been Speed sentences: r ^ /"" rz I l: c, T.iitwitlistaTiiliiiK all reports, 1 am astonished at ''the elegance and :V, ^) , -^ ..^ enterpiisliif; spirit of the establishment. Nevertheless, i cuii assure- _ 7 L t 1-3 « ! \.- you that-we-have-no knowledge whatever of this transaction. We hereby IX bllOUTHANU 14- ^ "k ' ° \ / b ackii BBIEF COURSK h^ ^' h. y^ '.± Mr. D wight Allen, North Orchard and Cherry Sts., Cedar Rapids, la. Dear Sir: In order that the public may Imow the real character and beauty of our latest designs, we have published the inclosed booklet, illustrating our unsurpassed assortment of Diamonds, Jewels and solid Silver Table and Toilet Ware. We are sure they will interest you by their artistic forms, while their moderate prices will appeal to those who wish to avoid extravagant expenditure. We respectfully refer you to the revised price Usts for unparalleled bargains in Jewelry and Silver Ware. The completeness and variety of our stock of fancy articles of every description afford most attractive possibili- ties for selection. Should you contemplate a purchase for personal use or for correct gifts, you will find in our Christmas display, styles in advance of any other establish- ment in the world. Since the organization of our house, the oldest in the State, we haye maintained the highest standards of quality, and have always offered our wares at the lowest possible prices consistent with these requirements. If you have not yet opened an account with us, we invite you to do so, assuring you of every courtesy in our transactions with you. Very cordially, Blewett, Fuller & Bro. IN' SHOUTIIAND 149 QUESTIONS. 1. Name the large hookS; the prefixes, and the affixes, and give an example of each. 2. What is generally indicated by the use of Ar at the beginning of an outline? 3. What is generally indicated by the use of Ar at the end of an outline? 4. Should Ar or Ray be used in arrow, and why? 5. Before what strokes is Ar always used on account of the joining? 6. What is generally indicated when Ray begins an outline? 7. What is generally indicated when Ray ends an outline? 8. After what strokes should Ray be used on account of the joining? 9. What is said of derivative words? 10. In what three ways may words containing the same consonant sounds be distinguished? 11. What consonants are most frequently omitted? 12. Give some examples of the omission of K and Gay? 13. When is t often omitted? 14. Give an example of the omission of j9? Of r? Of 11 15. AVhat syllables are most frequently omitted? 16. When may a word be omitted in phrasing? 17. Give some examples of intersections. 18. What is generally the safer way of writing initials? 19. What should be used for R? For G? For C? For Q? For X? 20. What numbers should always be written in shorthand? 21. Write 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 1st, 2d, 3d, 6th, 10th. 22. Write 100,000. 23. Write 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90. 24. Join as many appendages as you can to the stroke T, and write down the names of the combinations. 25. Join as many appendages as you can to Lay, and give the names of the combinations. 26. Give the three general rules. 150 BRIRK COURSE PHRASES. r v-^ ^ n :n 4 yV— /\ yV /\-^ 11. 12 13 r^ b^ &^ U \, or v.. V...^ V_^ ^ ^.."ls_^ ■p-. IN IS IK Un II AM) PHRASES. 161 ^~'-^-^- '-r^--t-^^ C"^-C.y-^ J 5 4^ ,^r.:JV...L/ i^ /^-(_-^' ^ ^r 1 ^ -— - ^'^- /' rv 5^ ri r-^ r- f-'\ rry rv ^ A-- A 8 " n ^^^n 9'" _X) 10 t ^ O «_P Vl.9 /^ 'X^ ^cu) Q.J' e^^ \ 13 V. V. vor'C A '"-'v., l-^ Ur .."^., 14 x^^ <-vl 162 BUIKK COURSE. CONTRACTIONS. KEY TO PAGE 153. Line 1. Suggest, suggested, adjust, adjusted, adjourn, tempt, contempt, consumption, presumption, stami)ed. Line 2. (Omission of \V.) Require, inquire, quality, qualify, dissuade, persuade, persuasion, withdraw, within, withstand. Line 3. (Omission of Y or U.) Suggestion, l)ehavior, situation, picture, fracture, feature, temperature, literature, moisture. Line 4. (Omission of H ) Comprehend, apprehend, comprehen- sion, apprehension, withhold, beliold, inheritance, inherited, be- hindhand, history. Line 5. (Omission of T by changing the Steh loop in the middle of a word to a circle.) Mostly, postpone, postal-card, postage, postofflce, testimony, adjustment, western, mistake, customer. Line 6. (Omission of K when its insertion would be difficult.) Southern, Southerner, quarterly, purpose, surprised, subscribe? superscribe, prescribe, proscribe. Line 7. Intelligent, intelligence, intelligible, passenger, mes- senger, brief, or briefly, positively, chiefly, stiffly. Lines. (Omission of N where its insertion is difficult.) Penn- sylvania, translation, transaction, transcribe, identical, adjourn' ment, assignment, disappointment, abandonment, attainment. Line 9. (Omission of ing, ent-ly, tial-ly.) Understanding, Thanksgiving, sufficient or sufficiently, efficient-ly, deticient-ly, pro- flcient-ly, substantial-ly, prudential-ly, differential-ly, circumstan- tial-ly. Line 10. (Omission of K or Gay after lug.) Distinguish, anxiety, distinct, distinction, junction, sanction, relinquish, bank, bankrupt. Some omit K also in the very common words, expenses, excep- tion, except, examine, examination. Line 11. Explain, explicit, excursion, experiment, express, expressive, etc. When the sound of K comes between T and the shun hook, some of the best reporters omit the K while others equally expert insert it. K may also be omitted between F and shun. Thus: Line 12. Attraction, instruction, contraction, distraction, con- struction, obstruction, misconstruction, satisfaction, justification. ]jine i;i. New York, inst., prox., reg., irregular, ad. (vertise- ment), steno. (grapher), Feb., Nov.,. January. Line 14. He-establish, brightness, badness, rewritten, liereafter, supernatural, reorganization, appointment. IN SIIORTHAM) 153 2 ::^^rr: ^ ^v L \ \ k S. L. 7 y' ^ y 7 .^^\....:^. /. L u)l^ M Ir P 6 o ^^^ 11 \ \,,^_3"V,\\ ^ \j^ 4 -^ \^6 14/) "^ 1..V, /- (TT^. 154 1 2..!. 3 ■ 4 niJIKF COVKSK 5 .* v_ 6/1- 7^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10 11 12 14 .1 -^-% ,g V^-P X ^1 /^^ rv-.'^N, 1/ ) V ^/iv.: -^:^ ^ ..:^-Y^ -^ ."^OX ^- IN SFIOHTHANI) 165 exi-:rcise on conflicting words. A diseased man is only sick, but a deceased man is dead. The pure-iood law is intended for general protection against the wholesale production of poor, adulterated articles of diet. Kindly comply with my request, and apply yourself to yoiir work. It is my intention to call your attention to your son's inattention to his studies. My counsel advises me to cayicel the account. Train your child to turn away from evil companions. He is pre-eminently qualified for the "prominent position to which he was pfnnatjeni/?/ elected. This eminent man is in intminent danger. 156 BRIEF COHRSK They 2^er7n if ted George to he promoted for his promptness. He has proved that he deserved to be approved. Douglas is the sport of the family, but Edwin is its support. Though a mere child, he is a remar'knUe musician. Mrs. Howard introduced the Misses Wilder, daughters of the late editor of our oldest daily. We have written to the firm to retain those forms. Elizabeth is very patient and gentle; con- sequently she has many devoted friends. Our auditor is very gentlemanly, but tho debtor is too i>((ssionate. Keep a copt/ of it in the back of tho book. It was objected to as incompetent, irrelevant and imnuderial . We naturalhj IN SHORTHAND 157 feel that he is an unnatvral child. We will prosecute you for persecuting us, if you continue your oppiession any longer. Now they regard these things as of no value, but they will regret it by-and-by. I think it is ruined, but it may be renewed. Your deductions have heretofore been entirely logical; consequently I am surprised at your recent illogical remarks. His detection was certain and unavoidable. An inevitable conclusion. K^r^, He is evidently not a confidant of yours. He is undoubtedly indebted to the Judge foi his leniency. He will be indicted soon for perjury. The upper part is not always the principcd part, nor the upper house the principal house. God will guide the willing and obedient even unto death, and will lead them into blessedness for evermore. The column looks slight, but it is solid and strong. The preparations are in prop)orti()n to the amount of the appropriations. It is just as important to learn to read shorthand as it is to learn to write it. B 158 BUIKF COURSE WORDSIGN R1":VIEW. FIRST 100 WORDS. 7 \ \ \ :....^.j !: ) ( c ^ 6 ....>>-r.... X We have an opportunity to sell a large part of the doc- tor's property to best advantage. A new member of the Public Libraiy Board is the party who wishes to buy. You will probably remember him when I tell you that he was for a long time a regular general in the United States army. The information is correct I assure you, because he told me the full particulars at the Committee meeting, more than two weeks ago. He remarked that it was somewhat astonishing, though the fact is, this remarkable gentleman is well able to act his own pleasure SECOND 100 WORDS. IX SIIOUTHAND 159 ^ - -^-r)--^ ^/ ! ^..^ I- iL. I ^— .~ :i: ^ :f : ^ t« ( ,..«^.iz.,.. J ^ ,.„. .^ ^ <^.....L 1 ^ 2 Is it impossiblo to tell how much this improvement will cost? Opinions upon this important matter have not been published; nevertheless, it is now commonly reported that it is to be about two million dollars. Are you aware that the Superintendent has begun building an establish- ment for the government, and that he is also engaged in large advertising schemes? Accordingly it is still quite difficult to give any accurate information on a subject of this nature. I think, however, we can surely afford to pay every cent of its value, whatever that may be, and which- ever plan we may adopt. THIRD 100 WORDS. 160 BRIKF COUE8K .>.v,w <^-JD The different representatives under the influence of dear Mr. Short were invited the first of last year to work for the danger signal bill. I have found that whoever deals with him admires his character. To my knowledge he owes nothing and he has Several hundred dollars in the bank. I acknowledge there are several good objections which must be overcome before our object can be attained, but it appears that our principal representative is equal to every emergency. Notwithstanding all the obstacles that have been encountered since we began the work, I think we shall yet meet with success. FOUKTII 100 WORDS. If we ever take hold of this together, I shall rely entirely upon their Secretary's representations, for he has a larger IN SHOKTHAND 161 interest than any one else in the passage of the bill. As he has proved himself capable in the past, and can usually balance accounts with those who come in his way, I believe he is equal to anything that may happen in the near future. I do not know what they would do without him to represent them in the future. I feel sure though that he cannot do much until shortly after the first of the year. ■\i ^ I..-" Aa. . In consideration of the advantages of the improvements we ought to begin issuing the bonds immediately. Your brother told me that he too had already wi-itten to a number of other parties about the issues being behind time, but it appears they had neither public spirit nor pride enough to do what they could toward pushing things. He gave me a very laughable description of his experience with them, I told him that his language and descriptive powers were beyond criticism and that I should thank him to apply himself to practice during the summer and then describe the situation fully. 11 B 162 WORDSIGN DICTATION EXERCISE. 3 4 n 6 9 10 11 12 ■ 75 \ A" / ( f J... V V 1 \ 1\ A.. ■V- A -1.. V I / I 7. ■■\ ^ ..^. .!^l_., .c. .))).... 1 JD ..V-. ■■(:'■ 'is: ..^ ( ^ J c \J1 ^ ..^c > J?8 v_^ v^P ..vx>. -vj? .w r ^ II \J J\ ±. \ LA3 B KEY TO WORDSIGX DICTATION EXERCISE. 163 The wordsigns sliould be written from the loughand but always read or dictated from the shorthand. Study them first in hoi'izon- tal lines and afterwards always read or write them in vertical columns, both forwards and bacliwards. Do not leave the exer- cise until you can read it or write it in foui* minutes. Then frequently review it. 1 2 3 4 5 6 opportunity hope party appeared prlnclple- al-ly practice part be,object-edto be subject-ed bill-ed re-member-ed build-t nble to board behind it till, tell had, adver- deal deliver- doctor dear during tise-ed.ment •ed-y larger general- ly gentlemen gentleman common come quite could equalled accord-ing ly start description began for feel, fill, fall full-y. fell from after value -ed over very, every whoever think thousand, thank-ed that without astonish- -ed ment establish- was -ed-meut wish U8ual-ly pleasure will are rather aware Important- improve-d- imposslble- any own now -co -ment -ilily nature under, hundred entire information thing long a, an aad all too, two already 0, owe on should I, eye, high how we, with were 7 8 9 10 11 12 practiced opinion upon happen experience- ed particular- ly number-ed before been balance objection subjection unlU whatever told toward dollar do dlffer-ed- which much advantage large danger -ent-ly-ce because equall-y dlflScult-y can describe -i ed descriptive glve-n together ago govern-ed-ment begin begun future, fact afford ever have however several them though this those there-lr other ehall-t issue wisher sure-ly assure-ed Bhort-ly him immediately somewhat Mr. .remark -ed more matter influence influenced influences United States when nor, near your he is, his as, has first the ought who-m of to or but what would ye, year yet beyond you 13. publlsh-ed, public-ly-iclty proper-ly-ty probable-lyllity acknowledge knowledge correct character never nevertheless notwithstanding above represent representative representation B 164 BlilKF COL" US K ^ ^^ \ ^ U I I X '^ X \ /° \ J ) V, -J- n, \ i,"' ■)■ \MV' <2_^ ^ X /^, X I Q_^/ Q_P V J\ .SlIOKTHAXl) 1(35 n 1 X ._ \r- o_D A /I ^' V V^ ■■^--t-^ ^ .l.v/_.\^ \...^. V .(...z!. ( >L- >= \> — ^^ --^■ 166 L ( BUIEK COURSK \ ^ ^...1,^..>'- .^ ( \ ^^-iv.1 c^ cT"^^ X ^ L f A ■^. A \x K ^ v^ S/ X V CU> c/ ^ IX SHORTHAND 167 V =^ \~r.A ■ ^n r r- ( ...c^ .. ^ ... .s.. ( ..^ ' X ' ^ l)..v:'l^..;J_ .^i :.. L..!:.. r «_^ Kj- ^ -^ » ^^v^-.:^,vr/...:).:...q.. 168 State of Missouri vs. Hugh M. Brooks alias W. H. Maxwell L> ^ ^-f rv^ .S=... „/ .... L, ) n ^ v J. A 169 f/- .n <^ .^..""V" r ^ \....0 ^ ^^"V 5-')'\:,'<^ State of Missouri, 1 ^ ^v o^ t . /^ •• , /-. yg^ ' In the St. Louis Criminal Court, Hugh M. Brooks, - ^^'l^^^ o*„^<^- ^ ^r ^ alias Before Hon. G. S. Van Wagoner, W. H. M..XWELL. J J'^dge and Jury. Appearances. , For the State : Ashley C. Clover, Circuit Attorney. Marshall F. McDonald, Asst. Circuit Attorney. For the Defendant: Martin and Fauntleroy. Defendant sworn in his own behalf testitted as follows : DIRECT EXAMINATION BY P. W. KAUNTLEKOY. Q. State your full name, A. Hugh Mottram Brooks. Q. How old are you? A. Twenty-live. Q. Where were you born? A. In Hyde, Cheshire, England. Q. Is Hyde your home? A. Yes, sir. Q. Are your parents living at the present time? A. Tliey are, sir. Q. When did you first engage in business, Mr. Broolis? A. Do you mean to practice or study? Q. I mean in any business, after you left of£ being a school-boy, when did you first engage in business of any kind? A. In J 883. Q. What business did you go at then? A. I misunderstood you. Five years previous to tliat I entered the law office of Mr. Brown. Q. Where was that? A. Stockport, about four and a half miles from Hyde. Q. Five years prior to 1883, you Avent into his office? A. Yes, sir. Q. How long did you remain in liis office? A. I remained there over four years. Q. What were you doing there? A. Studying law. After I ^eft Brown's office, I went to his London agents, Messrs. Brown & Howe, and completed the five years there. Q. You are a lawyer by profession, then? A. I am. Q. Have you ever studied medicine or surgery? A. I have. Q. To wliat extent? A. Well, at the Collegiate school in Man- chester, I was on the science side, and the curriculum included physiology, anatomy, chemistry, and kindred sciences. Q. At the Collegiate school at Manchester.? A. Yes, sir. Q. Did you study medicine otherwise than you have mentioned, there? Have you ever studied outside of these studies or in addition to these studies? A. I have. Q. How long did you study it? A. More or less ever since I left school. I was very much interested in science and medical studies generally, and I tried to keep up my knowledge of them as far as I coald. Q. You are not a licensed physician, are you? A. I am not. THE ARTHUR J. BARNES PUBLISHING COMPANY, St. Louis, Mo. BARNES^- SHORTHAND READERS. These Readers contain a large amount of finely en- graved shorthand, the matter being carefully selected, and calculated to instruct as well as interest. Reading correctly engraved phonography not only helps the stenographer read his own notes, but the resulting familiarity with new outlines is a great factor in his speed. It also tends to eliminate errors in his own writing. READER NO. I contains 24 pages of shorthand, a large part of the matter being in the nature of stories. Price, post- paid, 30 cents. READER NO. 2 has 36 pages of shorthand. Most of the matter is of special interest to stenographers, one article being a most valuable contribution by Hon. Wm. T. Harris, U. S. Commissioner of Education, on "Getting. Speed." Price, 50 cents. READER NO. 3 contains 37 pages of shorthand very general in char- acter. Articles on ancient relics and ruins, business letters, and practical talks, occupy apart of the space. Price, 50 cents. KEADER NO. 4 -TESTIMONY. 21 pages of shorthand of special value to those aspiring to court work or a position in a law office The key contains a reduced facsimile of nicel,, arranged typewritten title page of Transcript of Testi- mony, Price, 30 cents. ARTHUR J. BARNES PUB. CO., St. Louis, Mo. ♦• How to Become Expert in Typewriting. • • • • B A R N E 5'*^ Complete Typewriting Instructor. • • • • An unabridged work on typewriting, containing an illustrated chapter on the Mocliaiiism of the typewriter, and directions for cleaning, oiling, and adjusting the machine. Touch Typewriting. The first lessons strongly emphasize the importance of keeping the hands in the proper position, and give instructions for locat- ing the " home keys " without the help of the eyes. The beginning of a typewriting course is the most important part. The first word given in the touch lessons is all. This brings both hands into action, producing a balanced motion. The weak (third and fourth) fingers are trained first — the scientific basis of firm, even, touch typewriting. The succeed- ing exercises include additional letters, combined with those in the previous lessons, until all of the keyboard is thoroly learned. The practice exercises consist of every-day business words and logical sentences — not meaningless combinations of letters. These exercises are printed in facsimile of typewriting, showing the exact arrangement of work. COMMERCIAL WORK. Advanced practice exercises consist of Business Letters, Sup- erscription of Envelopes, Manifolding, Legal Forms, Specifica- tions, Postal Cards, Display Lines, Ornamental Typewriting, etc. ; Tabulated Work on Invoices, Account Sales, Orders, State- ments, Bills, etc. Practical Advise to Stenographers is also given in the form of exercises to be neatly and correctly written. Puiiotiiatioii is considered from a business standpoint, and concise rules are given, illustrated by examples. The .Si)<»lliiif»" and Proper I' so of greatly abused common words is presented in a unique and original series of drills. General Office Duties are explained, such as making Letter- press Copies, Indexing, Fifing Letters, Mimeographing, writing and confirming Cipher Dispatches, etc. Dictation Work. In addition to the work on typewriting, the Complete Instruc- tor includes a I>ictati()ii Course for the shorthand work, containing ISO BUSINESS LETTERS General Railroad Correspondence, Passenger Department, Mail Service Department, Freight Department, Railway Construc- tion, Wholesale Cracker Co., Wholesale Drugs, Internal Rev- enue, Wholesale Saddlery, Hardware, Iron, Coke, Insurance and Finance, Commission, Lumber, Grain, Patent, Mining, Electric- ity, Miscellaneous. The letters' average about 175 words, aggregating over 35,000. The number of words in each letter is indicated, each 100 being markt. (Separate Shorthand Key to difficult words and useful phrases. Price, 30 cents.) LEGAL FORMS Such as any stenographer may be called upon to write. Among them are Contracts, Articles of Partnership, Affidavits, Wills, Deeds, Bonds, etc., in facsimile of typewriting. There are others in ordinary print, such as Bonds, Acknowledgments, Ar- bitration and Award, Deeds, Mortgages, Instructions for Depo- sitions with Form of Notice, Caption, Certificates to Depositions, etc. A Bill of Exceptions furnishes a complete outline for ar- ranging record of proceedings in court — Evidence, Instructions of the Court, Verdict, Motion for New Trial, etc. A bona fide Civil Sertice Examination in shorthand and typewriting, is an example of what is required of applicants for government positions. A list of 7,000 Technical Terms affords excellent practice matter for those wishing to qualify for a particular business, such as Architecture, Drugs, Dry Goods, Electricity, Groceries, Hardware, Insurance, Law, Lumber, Medical, Railroad. An additional list gives the names and abbreviations of about 100 Railroad Lines and Branches. 230 Large Octavo Pages. Cloth Binding. Price, $K50. special Typewriting Instructor Contains the portions of the Complete which are devoted es- pecially to Typewriting, the illustrated chapter on the Mechan- ism of the machine, Miscellaneous Legal Forms, Specifications, Important Office Directions and Valuable Suggestions on Cleri- cal Work, Ornamental Typewriting, Spelling Drills, Punctua- tion. 110 pages. Cloth Binding. Price, $1.00. Abridged Typewriting Instructor Contains the Touch Lessons and fingering exercises the same as in the Complete; exercises on Commercial Correspondence, Manifolding, selected Legal Forms, Ornamental Typewriting, etc. 64 Pages. Price, 50 cents. There are different editions for the Reming'toii, Smith Premier, and Oliver machines. The Remington edition is adapted to use with most shift-key machines. Helps for Stenographers or Barnes' Reference and Dictation Book Contains the Dictation Course and Supplementary Work given in the Complete Instructor, including the Business Letters, Legal Forms, Technical Terms and Civil Service Ex- amination. 126 Pages. Cloth Binding. Price, 75 cents. THE ARTHUR J. BARNES PUB. CO., St. Louis, no. CATALOG OF The Arthur J. Barnes Pub. Co. ST. LOUIS, MO. Brief Course in Benn Pitman Shorthand 11.25 (Also publisht as "Practical Course.") Brief (and Practical) Course in Graham Shorthand 1.25 Companion to above, Keys and Suggestions 25 Barnes' Shorthand IVIanual, 1893. Benn Pitman 1.25 Shorthand Lessons by the Sentence Method, 1900. Benn Pitman 1.25 Shorthand for High Schools, 1900. Benn Pitman 1.25 Business Letters in Shorthand. Benn Pitman 1.00 Business Letters in Graham Phonography. Series 1 and Series 2, each 50 Barnes' Shorthand Dictionary and Phrase Book. Pocket Edition. 176 pages. 18,000 words and 3,500 phrases with shorthand outlines. Cloth 1.25 Leather, round corners, gold embossing 1.60 With Marginal Index, extra 15 Graham Shorthand Dictionary, 20,000 words 1.00 Shorthand Reader No. 1. Benn Pitman 30 Shorthand Reader No. 2. Benn Pitman 50 Shorthand Reader No. 3. Benn Pitman 50 Shorthand Reader No. 4. Testimony. Benn Pitman 30 Wordsign List and Drills. For Barnes writers desiring more wordsigns and contractions than are taught in the text-books 25 Complete Typewriting Instructor, or How to Become Expert in Typewriting. 220 pages 1.50 (Different editions for different machines.) Special Typewriting Instructor, 110 pages 1.00 (Different editions for different machines.) Abridged Typewriting Instructor 50 (Different editions for different machines.) Helps for Stenographers, or Barnes' Reference and Dic- tation Book, containing the Dictation and Supplemen- tary portions of the Complete Instructor 75 Shorthand Key to the Dictation Matter in the Complete Instructor and Helps for Stenographers. Benn Pitman .25 The Stenographic Expert 2.00 Exercises for Punctuating 15 Pen Notebooks, single or double-ruled, 192 pages 10 Postpaid 20 Pencil Notebooks, double-ruled, 192 pages, postpaid 15 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. SPP \ 1959 Form L9-25m-9,'47(A5618)444 fJNfVERSrTY nf r A J r hY ^ w ^i . UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY Z56 B26b Barnes - Brrnes* brief 000 561 629 course m Benn Pitmann shorthand. JUL 7 )95S i, U. BAKER Z56 LAWYEH B26b ALUS •^ ,-^»'-'