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Let Justice Prevail 
 
 The Labor Problem 
 
 BY 
 
 HERBERT V. READY 
 
 Author and Publisher 
 
 [Copyrighted by Herbert V. Ready, 1904] 
 
 For Sale By All Newsdealers 
 Price Five Cents 
 
Cartoon 1 Son of honest but poor mechanic going to school. 
 
 Cartoon 2 Same boy at home. 
 
UNiV- 
 
 INTRODUCTORY 
 
 The approaching crisis in the industrial life of San Francisco renders the 
 publication of this little brochure opportune. The phenomenal growth of 
 unionism, so-called; and the control of the union power by the worst ' ele- 
 ments composing it, has created a condition of affairs intolerable to the peace- 
 loving citizen, whether he be an humble toiler, seeking the privilege of earning 
 his living according to the dictates of his conscience, or the multi-millionaire 
 seeking investment for his capital. The great majority of the citizens of San 
 Francisco are long suffering and patient, but the last straw that breaks the camel's 
 back has been added, and on all sides, on every quarter, irrespective of creed 
 or nationality, comes the protest of outraged men against the exactions of a 
 clique of ignorant, insolent agitators. 
 
 The old Eoman saying, "Whom the Gods wish to destroy they first make 
 mad," seems to be peculiarly applicable to the leaders of the union mob. The 
 Pin-Head McCarthy's, the cheap imitation of Sam Parks, who abound in this city 
 are so swollen with their sense of power that they fail to discern the signs of 
 the times, and even the remarkable change of public opinion towards them and 
 their hirelings fails to ruffle their insolent demeanor. 
 
 Time was, when unionism, even of the type that prevails in San Francisco 
 was accepted with a sort of good natured toleration by the people of this city, 
 but that time is past forever. Coming events cast their shadows before, and 
 blind indeed is he who cannot see the complete disruption of it in the imme- 
 diate future. 
 
 In respect to the education of public opinion to this desirable end, the firm 
 of Murray & Eeady can claim having taken a prominent part. Their facilities 
 for getting to the bottom of this question, and observing the evils produced 
 by its operation, gives their testimony a value of its own. The long list of 
 unjustifiable strikes in San Francisco, will, unless all signs fail, be climaxed by 
 a walk-out of the carmen's union. Drunk with the sense of power generated 
 by winning an easy victory over the United Eailroads two years ago, they pro- 
 pose to hold up the long suffering people of this city again. In the face of 
 a coming industrial depression, that is evident to even the tyro in business affairs, 
 they ask for another raise of wages, with its accompanying corollaries, recog- 
 nition of the union, and absolute debarment from employment of all non-union 
 men. Can bulldozing ignorance go further than this? Is it possible that these 
 men realize the absurdity of their demands? 
 
 At the present moment there are a large number of men, Americans, the 
 equal of any union man who ever breathed, walking the streets of this city 
 seeking employment. No union badge proclaims their slavery to an agitator. 
 They are free men, and yet conditions have been such, through the operations 
 of the union clique, that they cannot obtain employment. This condition of af- 
 fairs will shortly pass away and the rights guaranteed to them by the Con- 
 stitution of the United States will be restored to them. These men, non-union, 
 constitute the vast majority of the working population of this country, and from 
 their ranks any places vacated by the Carmen's Union can easily be filled; pro- 
 vided, that the protection to which they are entitled is extended to them by 
 the municipal and State authorities. 
 
 The Carmen's Union is a body of 2,300 men who are receiving the highest 
 wages ever paid for labor of their kind in the United States, and therefore 
 the world. Not satisfied with this, they have "requested" another raise, which 
 the Company has definitely refused. The Amalgamated Association of Bail- 
 way Employees, of which they are members, has probably $1,500,000 in their 
 treasury, which will be at their disposal in the event of a strike, presuming that 
 there are no other labor disturbances in the country. This sum, large as it is, 
 will disappear like dew before the morning sun under the demands of 2,300 men, 
 many with families, and particularly under the grafting propensities of Cornelius, 
 Goldkuhl, and the lesser satellites, who fatten on the labor of other and 
 better men. 
 
 5 
 
 162886 
 
Cartoon 3 Boy with parents attends church and listens attentively 
 to sermon from text. "Why Stand ye here Idle," etc. 
 
 Cartoon 4 Boy graduating ai scnuoi, eceivmg uipiouua i rum hands of 
 principal, with acclamation of father, mother and friends. 
 
These vultures, these parasites who never work, well know their deluded 
 followers cannot win. The low cunning which enables them to do the walking 
 delegate graft, also tells them they are up against the real thing this time. 
 What of that? Is there not an overflowing treasury to be explored! Visions 
 of the yellow gold in that treasury, and of the good times coming, when that 
 gold sticks to their palms, obscure everything else. 
 
 Meanwhile their 2,300 followers will be doled out a miserable pittance and 
 will waik the streets, seeing their places filled by wiser men. The alarming 
 absence of American or Anglo-Saxon names in the ranks of these demagogues 
 is another peculiar feature. Cornelius, Goldkuhl, Tveitmoe, Goptchevich, etc., 
 are names which sound somewhat foreign to the American ear. They seem 
 to be in suspicious resemblance to Czolgosz, the assassin, and Ivancovitch, the 
 Russian convict who pursued a murderous career here a few years ago. Time 
 will show whether the resemblance is anything more than name. San Quentin 
 is in welcome proximity in case the similarity becomes too pronounced. The 
 Eailroad Company will undoubtedly operate its cars without the assistance 
 of the Carmen's Union, and when they do, the death knell of these foreign 
 scrubs is sounded. A terrible fate then awaits them. They will have to either 
 go TO WOEK, or follow their grafting schemes and land where many of their 
 breed are already, viz., the State Prison. 
 
 Perhaps when the shipwreck of their schemes confront them, they may fall 
 back on the "sympathetic" strike. It is a possibility not realized by the people 
 of this city to-day, that the near future may see an attempt to tie up all busi- 
 ness here. The restaurants, the bakeries, the manufactories, the laundries, in fact, 
 every line of the great industrial life of this city, including even the papers, may 
 be involved. Some of these papers have been engaged in actively aiding and 
 abetting these labor fakirs, have given unlimited space to their nefarious hold-up, 
 and lauded them to the skies as industrial patriots. Even in this extreme 
 situation is it possible for these fools to succeed? No, a thousands times no! 
 
 The American public is hard to rouse into action; is forbearing to a 
 degree unknown in other countries, and on this forbearance these scrubs have 
 imposed till they cannot realize the intensity of the feeling against them or 
 hear the rumblings of the coming storm which will sweep them out of existence. 
 
 Happily in Governor Pardee the commonwealth has an official who is Ameri- 
 can to the core, and endowed with the backbone and moral firmness so essential 
 to an official in that position. It cannot be doubted that in the event of violence 
 the National Guard will be ordered out, and the might of the law upheld. 
 
 As for Mayor Schmitz, elected to his office by the union vote, his action 
 cannot be forecast, but if he wishes to avoid political death he will see that 
 order is maintained, and that the right of every man to work as he sees fit, for 
 whom he sees fit, and for what he sees fit, unmolested by thugs and murderers, 
 i~ guaranteed him. 
 
 In this great metropolis of 450,000 people there are 23,000 union men, 15,000 
 of whom are voters; this insignificant minority has actually dictated to the 
 overwhelming majority for years past, but a new power has arisen in the local 
 world that promises to speedily overthrow the baleful influence of unionism. The 
 Citizens' Alliance is the name of this new power. Its voting membership already 
 exceeds that of the labor unions and its growth is just begun. National in its 
 scope, impartial in its dealings, and law-abiding in its principles, it is the com- 
 plete antithesis of the labor union, although it recognizes the principle that in 
 union there is strength. It is composed of the leading business men of the city, 
 the small dealers, the retailers, the large and small contractors in the different lines, 
 and the unbought working man; in fact, all who wish to see the principles for 
 which the word American stands, prevail. Already in many Eastern cities 
 it has overthrown the walking delegate, the hired strike-maker, the bribe-taker. 
 In these cities the thug has had to make himself scarce, the walking delegate 
 no longer collects his tithes, and the worker pursues his chosen calling without 
 fear of being waylaid and murdered or felled in the dark by that lowest of 
 human creatures, the labor grafter. 
 
 The terrible results that may happen from the actions of these labor leaders 
 are not fully understood. The fearful responsibility resting upon them they do 
 not appreciate. The untold misery, the breaking up of happy homes, the count- 
 less evictions, the starvation of the wife and children, the destruction of the 
 moral fiber of a man who has to depend on the charity of others, that has already 
 occurred in San Francisco they care nothing for. The impartial reader whe 
 
 7 
 
Cartoon 5 Buy applies to manager of iactory lor a chance to learn a 
 trade. Manager only too willing to teach boy. Cannot because of 
 that social and moral LEPER, the WALKING DELEGATE. 
 
 Cartoon 6 Generation of VIPERS The poor but HOftKtiT work- 
 ingman have to continually contribute to THIS, My GOD where 
 will it end? 
 
reads the statements contained herein must be simply astounded that such a 
 condition of affairs can obtain in a civilized city. 
 
 A renewal of the misery and suffering of two years ago is proposed by these 
 men. Having nothing to lose, owning no property, absolutely irresponsible finan- 
 cially, they care for nothing, as long as they can live on the credulity of their 
 dupes. 
 
 If in this union-cursed city we had labor leaders of the type of T. V. Pow- 
 derly, Arthur of the Locomotive Engineers, or even John Mitchell, unionism 
 might take hope that it might live down the past record and in coming years 
 by conservative action command the respect of honest citizens; but a body of 
 men which glories in the leadership of such men as Cornelius, McCarthy, Tveitmoe, 
 or Jim Gray of Los Angeles must be totally disrupted in order that the peace 
 of the community may be preserved. Such spectacles as a thug parading in 
 front of a man's place of business with a banner disturbing the peace and 
 breaking the law by using obscene language directed at those having the moral 
 courage to patronize the victim, must and will be abolished. 
 
 The opportunity to learn the trade of his choice will again be placed within 
 the reach of any ambitious youth. The father will again be able to teach his 
 son in his own shop without being threatened and cursed by a gang of low- 
 bred ruffians. The expert worker will again command the higher wage which is 
 justly his due, while the listless loafer will again be forced to the rear, instead 
 of as at present drawing equal pay with his superior. 
 
 Industries, and such there are, that have been totally destroyed in San 
 Francisco by the exactions of these hold-up men will again spring into existence, 
 whilst prospective enterprises that have been forced to settle in other localities 
 far less favorably located may even at this late day be induced to come here. 
 It is a conservative statement to make, that San Francisco would to-day have a 
 population of over 600,000 people were it not for the retarding influence exerted 
 by these renegades. Los Angeles on the south, comparatively undisturbed 
 by the operations of these people has been, and is, growing with phenomenal 
 rapidity. The conservative law-abiding element of that city have a friend 
 and champion in the Times, with General Otis as its editor, that this city has 
 sadly lacked. A significant feature of the public feeling is the .fact that the 
 Times has an astonishingly large circulation in this city. No tamale appears 
 at the head of the columns of the Times. Seattle on the north, with not half 
 the commercial advantages of San Francisco, has been growing with greater 
 rapidity, owing to its greater freedom from the labor union pest. That San 
 Francisco has grown at all in face of the labor union persecution to which it 
 has been subjected, is a tribute to its commercial enterprise that cannot be 
 denied. 
 
 What is the motive of the present agitation? The United Railroads are 
 owned by absentees. Immediately after the transfer to them the carmen struck, 
 when they did not have 200 members out of the 2,300 in their union. One evening 
 in May, 1902, a cable-car stopped opposite the Emporium, and the conductor 
 and gripman jumped off, leaving the passengers in their seats wondering what 
 was going to happen. Another car came up, stopped immediately in the rear 
 of the first car, and the same proceeding again took place. The passengers simply 
 had to walk. In half an hour a long line of cars extending beyond Jones 
 Street could be seen. A large number of conductors and gripmen refused to 
 leava their cars, but the strikers, reinforced by the hoodlum element of the 
 streets went from car to car, and by threats and curses "persuaded" the men 
 to leave their cars. The next day the whole system was tied up, and express 
 wagons did a rushing business carrying passengers at ten cents a head. In a 
 week the trouble was adjusted and the men went back to work. Since that 
 time the unfortunate owners have been in trouble with their employees almost 
 constantly. Finally, after ah exhaustive hearing, during which Mr. H. V. Ready, 
 whose testimony appears- verbatim on another page, completely pulverized the 
 Carmen's attorney, Mr. Livernash, the dispute was referred to Mr. Mahon of the 
 Union, Mr. Calhoun of the syndicate, and Oscar Strauss the well-known philan- 
 thropist of New York. The decision is a matter of history. Mr. Calhoun openly 
 dissented against the award, his reason for so doing appearing on another page 
 of this book. Mr. Mahon was compelled to agree with Mr. Strauss although he 
 claimed the union was not treated right, and Mr. Strauss' language showed 
 that he felt he had stretched a point in favor of the Carmen, and the affair 
 was supposed to be closed. The men were now in receipt of the highest wages 
 
 9 
 
Cartoon 7 -Boy unable to iearn a trade, becomes what the WALKING 
 DELEGATES and their originates call a " SCAB." 
 
 Cartoon 8 Boy arrested; brought beiore bnperior Judge on charge pre- 
 fered by WALKING DELEGATE. Sentenced to Statei Prison and 
 WALKING DELEGATE, though a perjurer, ie temporarily happy. 
 
paid anywhere in the world except Montana where the greater expense of living 
 mere than offsets the difference in wages. 
 
 Were the Carmen satisfied? Not at all. Mistaking the forbearance of the 
 Company for fear, they immediately commenced issuing a series of petty request*, 
 and insulting statements have caused the Company to issue a statement, also on 
 another page of this book. We appeal to every one to read that statement, and 
 then ask themselves whether the bulldozing behavior of Cornelius' brigade has 
 not reached its limit. The public favor which was openly lavished on the Carmen 
 in 1902 is to-day conspicuous by its absence. The long list of outrages upon 
 defenseless people in that year has produced this result. American citizens who 
 simply exercised the principle of earning their living with their arms, have 
 had those arms broken by cowardly brutes in human form, who ambushed them 
 on dark streets. Valuable property was destroyed. Harness was cut to pieces, 
 bolts drawn from wagons, nuts unscrewed from the axles and everything that de- 
 graded human nature could devise was done, but the defeat of the thugs was 
 overwhelming. Hat in hand they went to their former employers and begged 
 for their old positions regardless of conditions. Some got back, some got into 
 the State prison, and some left the country for the country's good. 
 
 Perhaps some reader of this article may think the condemnation here meted 
 out too strong. None know better than the writer that there are men in 
 the Carmen's Union, in the Brotherhood of Teamsters and in every union, who are 
 sterling American citizens according to their light, but the remarkable regularity 
 with which the ruffian element dictates the business of the union seems to show 
 that it is in control. A man is judged by the company he keeps, and it is 
 unfortunate for these men to be in such company. A union is a species of part- 
 nership and one partner is held for the acts of the other. Such men will, nay 
 they must, if they wish to preserve the respect of their fellow men sooner or 
 later leave their union, or throw these blatherskites overboard. He is a short- 
 sighted man who thinks that unionism will ever be blotted out. Like the com- 
 bines of capital, the combines of labor are here to stay, but the union of the 
 future will be so essentially changed that the labor grafter, walking delegate, 
 and low-browed thug cannot gain admission to it. In that reorganized union 
 he will have no opportunities to graft and no victims to slug. The object of the 
 future union will be, not to create disturbances but to prevent them. A present 
 instance of such a union can be found in the Brotherhood of Locomotive En- 
 gineers, but the difference between the quality of the members of that union 
 and those comprising, say, the Chicken Pickers' Brotherhood, is so great, that 
 comment is useless. 
 
 Violence, per se, is a sign of low grade organization and a low bred man, 
 and violence in the constantly advancing state of civilization will eventually be 
 relegated to the rear AND THOSE WHO PEACTICE IT. 
 
 The men who have made this country what it is are not and never were 
 union men. As one mountain peak towers over another so some men overtop 
 their fellows, and such men absolutely refuse to be bound by the dull uniformity 
 of unionism, with its schedule of wages for good and worthless alike, for youth 
 and old age the same. Such men, looking to the future do not strike if they, per- 
 chance, should sometime be asked to work nine hours a day, or put themselves 
 to some little inconvenience for their employer. For the man whom nobody 
 wants, the man who is in his glory when he can loaf on his employer, the union 
 is a paradise, but for the ambitious man, the one who some time expects to be 
 an employer himself, it is a hell. "Abandon ye all hope who enter here" might 
 well be written over the meeting halls of these unions, for once inoculate a man 
 with the virulent idea that his employer is his enemy, whom to defraud is an 
 honor, and he is lost for all time, and a strike is the principal thing he welcomes. 
 A complete verification of these statements can be found in the slow but sure 
 decadence of England as a manufacturing nation. In the grip of a unionism 
 far more relentless than prevails in this country, England sees her trade slowly 
 diverted to other countries not so cursed. The British manufacturer is as alert 
 as when he controlled the world's trade, but a unionism that restricts a man's 
 work and imposes a thousand other absurd rules is too much for him. There 
 are signs over there, as well as here, however, that the end of submission to such 
 nonsense is at hand. If it is not, England will inevitably decline. 
 
 This is the age of strenuous competition, of the survival of the fittest. All 
 
 that America, and San Francisco in particular, asks is a fair field and no favors. 
 
 This includes the untrammeled operation of the laws of supply and demand in 
 
 11 
 
Cartoon 9 Boy in States Prison where for the tirtt time he has 
 chance to learn his chosen trade. 
 
 Cartoon 10 Father reading letter from son. 
 
all marketable products. Labor comes under that category, but instead of giving 
 these laws full rein, a small organized body of men step in and say, "We will 
 control this essential factor in the production of wealth, we will allow so much 
 labor to be expended in one day, at so much wages, and certain men only must 
 be hired to do it." Under such restrictions this great State, with cheap fuel, 
 with every facility for the production of wealth, and facing the greatest unde- 
 veloped market in the world, has but 1,500,000 people. There is a reason, and 
 it stands out unmistakably defined labor union domination. 
 
 Against such domination this firm will ever protest, not from enmity to 
 the honest unionist, him we pity and will treat the same as any other honest man, 
 but from a deep-seated contempt for the cheap jawsmiths who dominate him and 
 whom we are determined to dethrone if it takes all this summer and the next, 
 and also from a desire to see the magnificent resources of this city and State 
 developed at something like a normal rate. 
 
 The competent man will always, union or no union, secure satisfactory wages. 
 Employers to-day everywhere are looking for such help, and always will be. 
 The demand for good men is unlimited, but when, as now an employer under 
 the dictation of these unions, is forced to take two mediocre men to secure the 
 services of one good one, it is an injustice too rank to be submitted to. 
 
 There are employers to-day in San Francisco goaded to desperation by 
 the exactions of their organized employees. Employers w r ho know that if the 
 present condition prevails long, they are facing inevitable bankruptcy. To such we 
 would say that you have but to say the word and be free. The struggle may 
 be hard at first, but the triumph is as certain as that the sun will rise to-morrow. 
 The pioneer work of this movement has been completed, the entering wedge that 
 will disrupt this bulldozing combine has been placed, and it but remains to drive 
 it nome. 
 
 We believe after this trouble is settled right that the dawn of a better 
 day is at hand. We believe that when the present fog of misunderstanding 
 that obscures the vision of both employer and employee in their mutual rela- 
 tions is cleared away, that a long period of industrial peace will be ushered in. 
 We believe that the time is coming, when capitalist and workingman will not 
 regard each other as enemies but as friends, each absolutely essential to the 
 other. We believe that the average employer and employee wish to do unto the 
 other as they would be done by, and that but for the labor union blatherskite, who 
 rears his ugly form between the two classes and makes it his business to breed 
 trouble and discord, their relations would be harmonious. 
 
 W 7 e also believe that the time is at hand when the above-mentioned blatherskites, 
 Cornelius, et al., will be made to work as other men do, instead of working men 
 to the limit of their credulity as they do now, and lastly we believe that the 
 laborer is worthy of his hire, that a good day's work is worth a good day's pay, 
 that a good day's pay calls for a good day's work, that a man is a man whether 
 he be millionaire or pauper as long as he gives equivalent for what he receives.' 
 In our position, conducting as we do one of the largest employment offices in 
 the world, we have had opportunities for judging and obtaining insight into 
 this question, not vouchsafed to the average business man. W 7 e have observed the 
 thousand and one ways in which this outrageous combine handicaps employer 
 and employee alike, we have seen men, mechanics of extraordinary proficiency 
 unable to secure work and refused a chance even to join a union to get it, forced 
 to walk the streets penniless and finally lose ambition and sink, or if they were 
 made of sterner stuff, go out on a farm to get enough mony to leave this 
 State, of which under other conditions they would have made useful citizens. It 
 is with no malicious intent we have penned the above remarks. Strong diseases 
 require strong remedies. 
 
 Our business is peculiarly dependent upon amicable relations being sus- 
 tained between the two classes, and if this small effort but hastens the time when 
 the so-called scab and the so-called "fair" worker are merged into one we are 
 satisfied. 
 
 13 
 
Cartoon 11 family reunion. Boy growiilo uiaDtioud; and a nraL-ciasa 
 mechanic, approves heartily of his father's decided action in utterly 
 destroying the cause of their sorrow and misery the UNION CARD. 
 
 Cartoon 12 * atiiwr and son now working side by side ae GOD intended, 
 and the constitution of the United States insures. The WALKING 
 DELEGATE is safe because Uncle Sam, although slow, is sure. 
 
IN THE MATTER OF THE ARBITRATION BETWEEN THE 
 UNITED RAILROADS OF SAN FRANCISCO AND THE 
 AMALGAMATED ASSOCIATION OF STREET RAIL- 
 WAY EMPLOYEES OF AMERICA, DIVISION 
 
 NUMBER 205. 
 
 San Francisco, CaL, Monday, August 3, 1903. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF HERBERT V. READY. (RECALLED). 
 
 CBOSS -EXAMINATION. 
 
 BY MB. LIVEBNASH: 
 
 Q. Are you a member of the firm of Murray & Ready? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Every day three to four thousand men visit your office? 
 
 A. From three to four thousand, yes not including Sundays 
 every week day probably 1500 on a Sunday. 
 
 Q. You have to have the police there to prevent the streets from 
 being blockaded? 
 
 A. No, no need of it. If the streets are blockaded we can soon 
 send for the police. 
 
 Q. When did you last have to call for the police in order to let 
 men get in and out of your establishment there? 
 
 A. They don't all come at one time they come during that period 
 from 7 o'clock in the day until 10 o'clock at night. 
 
 Q. How many will the office hold? 
 
 A. Standing room for 300. 
 
 Q. Did you ever have any more than 300 there at one time in a 
 day? 
 
 A. Four or five hundred the inner office will kold just as many 
 as the general office where the men stay, but we don't crowd it to that 
 capacity. We could seat 100 men; no doubt there are a hundred there 
 now with the fourteen clerks that are inside the office. 
 
 Q. You know that? 
 
 A. That is what I said. 
 
 Q. You don't know a thing about it in point of fact, do you? 
 
 A. I do know that when I left now right after lunch there were 80 
 people talking with the fourteen clerks. 
 
 Q. You believe there are more there now? 
 
 A. I believe there are more there now than at 12 o'clock, because 
 there always are at this hour of the day. 
 
 Q. In point of fact, you don't know a thing about it. do you? 
 
 A. I do. 
 
 Q. By what process do you know? How do you know that your 
 store is there now? 
 
 A. If it is not burned down. 
 
 Q. You are guessing? 
 
 A. I don't guess ; I know, without there is some calamity there. 
 
 Q. You know there are just a hundred persons there now? 
 
 A. I don't know that there is just one hundred. 
 
 Q. W T ell, between 90 and 100? 
 
 A. Well, between 80 and 100. 
 
 Q. How many will there be in one hour from now? 
 
 A. There will be in that office and outside probably four hun- 
 dred people, and we will be shipping one hundred of these men to 
 Utah and Nevada and other divisions of the railroad company 
 
 Q. I didn't know that Utah was in Nevada. 
 
 A. I said Utah and Nevada. 
 
 Q. You will be shiping about four hundred to Utah and Nevada? 
 
 A. I said we would be shipping one hundred to Utah and Nevada 
 and other places for the railroad about 4 o'clock this afternoon 
 
 Q. Well, I am not deaf. 
 
 A. Excuse me; I am so used to speaking loud in the office where 
 there is a large quantity of men. I shall try to lessen my voice. 
 
 Q. You know there are not five hundred in this room now? 
 
 A. That is correct, sir. 
 
 15 
 
Q. How many will there be in your office at half past seven to- 
 night ? 
 
 A. Probably twenty and probably one hundred. 
 
 Q. They can't both be there? 
 
 A. From that. 
 
 Q. Between twenty and one hundred? And how many at quarter 
 to eight? 
 
 A. I could not say, sir. I will be taking dinner at that time. 
 
 Q. How do you know you will? 
 
 A. I generally dine about that time, sir. 
 
 Q. When do you get back from dinner? 
 
 A. When I get through it takes half an hour sometimes, and 
 if I meet a business man I may take an hour. 
 
 Q. How many were there there this morning at quarter to eleven? 
 
 A. I could not say probably 100, 200 or 300 I don't know. 
 
 Q. At half past eight, how many? 
 
 A. I wasn't there at half past eight I was there at nine. 
 
 Q. How many will be there at quarter to ten? 
 
 A. I hope there wont be any because I want to close up at that 
 time. I generally close at ten, but I want to close earlier to-night. 
 
 Q. Your establishment is the headquarters of "scabs" in this 
 town, is it not? 
 
 A. I would like to know the definition of the word "scab" and 
 then I could answer. 
 
 Q. Nobody in town, I think, knows it much better than you. 
 Haven't you been under arrest for defrauding persons dealing with 
 your agency in the last six months ? 
 
 A. For the violation of a so-called law. 
 
 Q. Charged with defrauding persons seeking employment? 
 
 A. Violating a law, yes. 
 
 Q. By misrepresenting conditions? 
 
 A. Misrepresenting conditions in conjunction with the Union 
 Lumber Company we were both arrested. We are now testing the 
 oonstutionality of that question in the Supreme Court. 
 
 Q. You misrepresented conditions? 
 
 A. I didn't misrepresent it. 
 
 Q. You did not tell Mr. Dunnigan that no strike was on? 
 
 A. I didn't harm Mr. Dunnigan, and Mr. Dunnigan was told by 
 my own brother in the presence of other clerks that a strike was on 
 there 
 
 Q. There are not more than five hundred persons here? 
 
 A. That is all right I was talking so loud because 
 
 MR MOORE: You are not talking any louder than Mr. Livernash 
 sometimes does. 
 
 A. I have heard Mr. Livernash talk louder than that sometime. 
 
 MR. LIVERNASH: Well, go on. 
 
 A. Mr. Dunnigan was sent to our office or came to our office 
 some time ago and asked for a position in that lumber camp in Men- 
 docino County. He was engaged by my brother and was also imformed 
 there was a strike on there. 
 
 Q. You are sure about that? 
 
 A. I am positive about that. 
 
 Q. How do you know about it? 
 
 A. Because the clerks in the office told me. 
 
 Q. How do you know about it? 
 
 A. Because my brother's word is as good as God's in Heaven, 
 and Mr. Dunnigan was told that he would have to wait two or three 
 days. 
 
 Q. How do you know he was told? 
 
 A. Because the clerks were witnesses. 
 
 Q. Is their word also as good as ? 
 
 A. There word is equally as good or they wouldn't be there. 
 
 Q. You don't have anybody in your employ whose word is not 
 as good as God's or better? 
 
 A. They are as good or they wouldn't be there. 
 
 16 
 
Q. You have fourteen clerks the only fourteen honest men on 
 earth? 
 
 A. I don't know that they are all the honest men in the world. 
 
 Q. There may be fifty. 
 
 A. There may be twenty there may be more. 
 
 Q. Twenty-one, including yourself? 
 
 A. We are leaving ourselves out. I leave others to speak for me. 
 I never speak of my honesty myself. 
 
 Q. Are you willing to let me speak of your honesty? 
 
 A. If you chose every man has a right to his own opinion. Do 
 you want any more about Mr. Dunnigan and the Union Lumber Com- 
 pany? He was told that a strike was on with the Union Lumber Com- 
 pany 
 
 Q. The fact of the matter is that you are under arrest for having 
 defrauded persons seeking employment, my misrepresentations of con- 
 ditions ? 
 
 A. There was a warrant sworn out of that nature. 
 
 Q. Yes, sir. 
 
 MK. MOORE: By Mr, Dunnigan? 
 
 A. No; by a man I forget his name just this minute the 
 Labor Council and the Examiner no doubt combined to handle that 
 man, because the Labor Council is prosecuting the case and has hired 
 Attorney Button to prosecute it against both the Lumber Company 
 and myself. 
 
 MR. MOORE: Mr. Dunnigan was connected with the Examinert 
 
 MR. LIVERNASH: Mr. Dunnigan is the present labor editor ol 
 the Examiner. He was employed for the purpose of uncovering the 
 fraud in this man's agency, and he didn't uncover it. 
 
 A. He did uncover it? 
 
 Q. Yes. 
 
 A. As the law stood according to the Examiner. 
 
 MR. LIVERNASHS I am not disputing with you, sir. You arc 
 bitterly opposed to trade unionism in this town and are finding em 
 ployment for scabs. 
 
 A. No, sir; that is not true, because we engage union and non 
 union me<i. 
 
 Q. How many did you engage yesterday union men? 
 
 A. Three union men. 
 
 Q. Out of four thousand? 
 
 A. No, sir; not out of four thousand they were engaged at 
 as union carpenters and sent to union shops in San Rafael. 
 
 Q. Three out of fifteen hundred? 
 
 A. 1 don't know I wasn't there until about 1 o'clock yesterday 
 afternoon. 
 
 MR. MOORE : He didn't say fifteen hundrea men were employed 
 he is speaking of applications. 
 
 MR. LIVERNASH: Well, three union men out of fifteen hundred 
 applicants ? 
 
 A. We may have employed more, but I took the telephone myself 
 I knew it had to be filled and I know the job was filled; but I will 
 tell you I don't know the meaning of the word "scab" yet. 
 
 Q. You will before we get through. 
 
 A. Thank you, sir. 
 
 Q. It never has occurred to you what that word means? 
 
 A. Never. 
 
 Q. You never heard it before to-day? 
 
 A. I have heard it used on the streets. I have read it in the 
 labor news of the Examiner and other papers. 
 
 Q. But you were never able to tell what it meant? 
 
 A. I don't know the meaning of the word "scab." 
 
 Q. You haven't the remotest notion? 
 
 A. Not the remotest notion, sir. 
 
 Q. You don't know that it has any relation to unionism or non- 
 unionism ? 
 
 A. I don't know th definition of the word "scab," sir. 
 
 17 
 
Q. And you a truthful man; as truthful as God? 
 A. As truthful as there is a God in Heaven. 
 
 Q. Why do you get so excited when that word "scab" is men- 
 tioned if you don't know what it means? 
 
 A. I don't get excited I don't think I am excited. 
 Q. Not a bit excited? 
 A. Not a little bit, sir. 
 
 Q. If there are three or four thousand men come to your place a 
 day then during the last week there may have been between twenty-one 
 and twenty-eight thousand men applied there for employment? 
 A. I say twenty-five to twenty-eight thousand. 
 Q. And in the last month about one hundred thousand, or about 
 one-third of the population of the town? 
 
 A. Some days there are less, some days more. 
 Q. I say within the last month three or four thousand a day 
 you have sworn to that here. 
 
 A. I should say there are that many probably, that entered our 
 office daily. 
 
 Q. As a truthful man you mean what you say? 
 A. I mean exactly what I have sworn to in that affidavit what 
 I have sworn to is true. There is nothing in that affidavit that is not 
 true that I have sworn to. 
 
 Q. Then three or four thousand apply to your establishment every 
 day? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Then within the last thirty days, leaving Sundays out, in the 
 last thirty week days between ninety and one hundred and twenty thou- 
 sand men have applied at your establishment for work? 
 A. We will say seventy-eight thousand. 
 Q. Why do you say seventy-eight thousand ? 
 
 A. Because I have taken the lowest number and you have taken 
 the highest to figure by. 
 
 Q. Three thousand for thirty days would be ninety thousand 
 A. But leave out Sundays 26 working days. 
 Q. No; take thirty working days. 
 A. Then you will include Sundays? 
 
 Q. On thirty week days preceding the day you made this state- 
 ment there were between ninety and one hundred and twenty thousand 
 men applied at your place for employment? 
 
 A. There was that number applied daily we will say since April 
 first, and in the winter time there are more than that. 
 
 Q. Then some months you must have as much as one hundred 
 and fifty to two hundred thousand men apply for work? 
 A. More in the winter, than in the summer; yes sir. 
 Q. As many as two hundred thousand apply in a month? 
 A. I say in winter there are more. 
 Q. How many more? 
 A. I could not say a bigger crowd. 
 
 Q. Such a lot you have to have cordons of police around the 
 block? 
 
 A. I don't have to have them unless agitators come around there 
 and then we soon remove them we send for the police. 
 
 Q. What kind of agitators are they looking for work? 
 A. Labor agitators demagogues. 
 Q. 'You can tell a demogogue when you see him? 
 A. I can tell demagogues. 
 Q. You can tell a demagogue from a scab? 
 A. I know a demagogue, but I don't know a scab. 
 Q. Describe what he looks like. 
 
 A. I will not tell you what he looks like, but I will tell you what 
 he is. 
 
 Q. Go ahead. 
 
 A. A man that raises trouble a man that does not know his 
 own business, and tries to know others', sir. 
 
 Q. You know not a good deal of your own business but the busi- 
 ness ef ethers? 
 
 18 
 
A. That is my business, <to find others' business to get them 
 work; but that don't prove a man is a demagogue because he wants 
 to put a man to work and earn a good honest living by the sweat of 
 his hands and brow. 
 
 Q. By the sweat of his hands you improve upon the bibical 
 phrase ? 
 
 A. A man that sweats with his hands takes a pick and shovel 
 or any kind of labor work. 
 
 Q. That is the only kind of man one that sweats in his hands? 
 
 A. No; but he is one class of man a good class of man. 
 
 Q. You like to have pick and shovel men around you? 
 
 A. I like to have men that work with their hands and brain at 
 the same time. 
 
 Q. Oh, brains come into it now. Well, now, when did you last 
 use the pick and shovel? 
 
 A. I can state that very, very quickly. When I came to San 
 Francisco, I came with a dollar in my pocket and a pair of blankets 
 on my back that is sixteen years ago, and I went to work on the 
 streets of San Francisco for two dollars a day. 
 
 Q. Wern't you ashamed of yourself to charge so much for that 
 work? 
 
 A. Ashamed to work with a pick and shovel? 
 
 A. Ashamed to charge your employer as much as two dollars 
 a day? 
 
 A. It was worth the two dollars or my employer wouldn't have 
 kept me. 
 
 Q. Weren't you worth more than that? 
 
 A. At the rate of wages at that time, no; because that was the 
 rate paid for that character of work. 
 
 Q. Wasn't that when they had thousands of Chinamen working 
 for a dollar a day with pick and shovel? 
 
 A. Did they ever have a thousand Chinese in San Francisco 
 working for a dollar a day? I don't know that we ever had them for 
 that wages, pick and shovel work. 
 
 MR. MOORE: Never had them on the streets. 
 
 MR. LIVERNASH: I am not talking about the streets pick and 
 shovel work can be used more ways than one. 
 
 A. I never knew that Chinamen worked for a dollar a day with 
 pick and shovel in this city or any other city in California. 
 
 Q. You don't know. 
 
 A. No; I hear very little of Japanese or Chinese it is only hear- 
 say evidence you don't want hearsay evidence here. 
 
 Q. You wanted it when you were talking about what your clerks 
 stated. 
 
 A. Those clerks are in my employ and everything they tell me 
 is true. 
 
 Q. Being so truthful yourself you could not have an untruthful 
 man in your employ. You had no ocassion for the police except for 
 getting rid of demagogues that congregate around your establishment? 
 
 A. That is about all I could state a drunk once in a while would 
 float around there when he does and is boisterous 
 
 Q. There is not much room for him to float on account of the 
 men there, is there? 
 
 A. There are a lot of saloons around there and he floats around but 
 we soon know how to get rid of him, though. 
 
 Q. These demagogues are labor demagogues labor agitators? 
 
 A. Labor agitators. 
 
 Q. Men who would like to break up your business ? 
 
 A. I don't know that they would like to break up my business 
 any more than they would like to break all other businesses which they 
 can't rule themselves. 
 
 Q. These labor agitators simply want to run everything? 
 
 A. That is correct they do. 
 
 Q. They are bad citizens? 
 
 A. Some of them are not citizens. 
 
 19 
 
Q. Worse and worse of course you go out and inquire of each 
 of these demagogues whether or not he has been naturalized or born 
 here? 
 
 A. No; but sometimes we happen to know these demagogues 
 we have seen them raised up in the city in the sixteen years' business 
 that we have done on Clay Street. I have seen a lot of them raised up. 
 Q. Besides myself who are the demagogues? 
 A. I have not stated that you are a demagogue. 
 Q. Well, assume it I want to be a demagogue in your estimation 
 now, who are the others. 
 
 A. I wouldn't care to mention names. 
 
 Q. You would do a public service to the community to expose 
 these terrible fellows. 
 
 A. I think the papers have exposed a great many of these dema- 
 gogues. 
 
 Q. The editors of the Examiner, of course, are demagogues? 
 A. I have not the pleasure of knowing many of the editors of 
 the Examiner, consequently, I can say very little about them. 
 
 Q. Among these demagogues you class the editors who believe in 
 labor unions? 
 
 A. All editors don't believe in what they write, sir. 
 Q. You understand this edittorial business but the labor editors 
 and all the men connected with labor in San Francisco, you rank them 
 as demagogues, don't you ? 
 
 A. No; there are some good editors and labor men that are not 
 demagogues. 
 
 Q. Well, they are almost as rare as white crows, aren't they? 
 A. I don't know that they are, or are not. I don't know much 
 about the newspaper men in San Francisco. All the newspaper men 
 that I have ever met, I would never take one of them to be a dema- 
 gogue. 
 
 Q. You wouldn't? 
 A. No, sir. 
 
 Q. You wouldn't take Mr. Myrtle? 
 A. I know Mr. Myrtle is not a demagogue, sir. 
 Q. And our friend Mr. Boyle? 
 A. I know that he is not a demagogue. 
 
 Q. There are no demagogues at all in the newspaper business? 
 A. No, because I don't think half of them believe what they write 
 on labor news. 
 
 Q. You think 'the labor news that is published is all humbug? 
 A. I think it is published for one great purpose, and that purpose 
 is the circulation of their papers. 
 
 Q. That is why they publish labor news? 
 A. I believe they do. 
 
 Q. Coming back to this great army of men who in a month apply 
 to you for employment the same man does not keep coming back 
 every day? 
 
 A. He does come back. 
 
 Q. You are a successful business man, aren't you? 
 A. I believe I am a successful business man. 
 
 Q. In fact, you are at the very top notch of your business here? 
 A. It would be out of place for me to say that, sir, let others 
 speak of those who lead. 
 
 Q. I noticed your advertisement in this morning's Examiner- 
 there are no such marks of modesty there you speak of having made 
 yourself famous there by your great work? 
 
 A. I believe the firm of Murray & Ready have made themselves 
 famous? I know no distinction between man and man. 
 Q. You know one man from another? 
 A. Yes, but all men are equal before God and the Law. 
 MR. MOORE: You don't employ Japs and Chinese? 
 MB. LIVERNASH: All men are equal except Japs and Chinese? 
 A, I believe so -I treat them as such as men. 
 Q. A Jap or a Chinaman is not a man in your sense? 
 
 20 
 
A. Yes, sir, he is, but he has not been educated to the standpoint 
 where we are. 
 
 Q. It is a matter of education and not of race, then? 
 A. Correct. 
 
 Q. An educated Chinaman is all right for anything? 
 A. An educated Chinaman is my equal or your equal, sir. 
 Q. Well, I hope he is your equal, anyhow. Now, in point of fact, 
 you have got what you regard as the most successful employment 
 agency in town? 
 
 A. I wouldn't say that I would say we have been successful in 
 business. 
 
 Q. And that a heavy percentage of men who apply to you 
 employment do not apply in vain? 
 
 A. No man will ever be refused work whether he is union or 
 non-union man. All men are treated with the same consideration in 
 our office. There is only one thing we ask of the men, "Can you fi 
 that job?" 
 
 Q. Well, suppose you answer the question? 
 
 A. Well, we will go into a little further detail no matter 
 whether he was born in this or any other state on whether he belongs 
 to this or any other church, or any unionism. 
 
 Q. You wouldn't refuse a man? 
 
 A. I wouldn't refuse any man provided he could till the work- 
 any man that ever lived. 
 
 Q. He would have to be alive if you were going to give him work 
 you are not giving work to dead men? 
 
 A. No, sir; there is a place for them in the morgue. 
 
 Q. Now, you pride yourselves, I should gather from your advertise- 
 ment as successful, painstaking employment agents these, of course, 
 are strictly truthful? 
 
 A. The Examiner publishes them. 
 
 Q. But you say you don't believe many newspaper men believe 
 what they print? 
 
 A. The advertisements are truthful, yes, sir. 
 
 Q. You would not for the world mislead the public through an 
 advertisement, would you? 
 
 A. No, I wouldn't. 
 
 Q. You would not deviate a breadth of a hair from the line of 
 truth in an advertisement, would you? 
 
 A. I would put the advertisement in papers for what I want, no 
 more and no less. 
 
 Q. You would not make a false statement in your advertisements? 
 
 A. No, I wouldn't. 
 
 Q. And everything in your advertisement you print is as true aa 
 the God in Heaven? 
 
 A. Yes, true as the God in Heaven. 
 
 Q. And you get employment for a considerable percentage of the 
 men that apply to you? 
 
 A. We got work last year for 45 thousand applicants, but we 
 didn't get all the people work who came to us I wish we did w 
 would get rich quick. 
 
 Q. You have fifty-two working weeks in the year, and six work- 
 ing days in the week leaving out Sunday that is too good a day to 
 work on? 
 
 A. I have worked Sundays as well as any other day. 
 
 Q. You don't work so hard, do you? 
 
 A. Sometimes I worked twice as hard according to how the 
 business comes according to the season of the year when the hay is 
 burning out in the fields I am going to rustle help and send it to them 
 I am going to harvest the crop. 
 
 Q. I don't know how the State of California eter did peg along 
 before you got here? 
 
 A. I can tell you how they have pegged along since I have been 
 here I can't tell you how they got along before I was here. 
 
 Q. You have an average of 3 to 4 thousand men applying everj 
 day? 
 
 21 
 
Q. Then you had last year between 936 thousand and 1,248,000 
 applicants for positions? 
 
 A. I never made up the figures I just said that was the number. 
 
 Q. You didn't put those figures down in the affidavit without 
 having investigated it, did you? 
 
 A. No, sir, those figures were put in the papers before and told 
 to the public at large. This statement that I have given that there 
 were about three to four thousand men a day that was published for 
 a long time before I ever told the United Railroad as a matter of fact 
 that has been going on, the three or four thousand a day, not this year, 
 but for several years. 
 
 Q. That 3 or 4 thousand a day is a pretty substantial fact? 
 
 A. That is a substantial fact. 
 
 Q. Applying for work? 
 
 A. And if they don't get it one day the same men come back to- 
 morrow and keep on coming until they get work or get work some- 
 where else. 
 
 Q. The number of your applicants for last year then was between 
 one million and a million and a quarter of men? 
 
 A. I have not figured that up. 
 
 Q. That is leaving Sundays out. 
 
 A. Well, I have a lot of writing and other things to do on Sun- 
 days, that I don't have time on other days to do. 
 
 Q. How many clerks do you have to handle this million and a 
 quarter of applicants? 
 
 A. All of them don't go inside and ask about the job. I said 
 three or four thousand go there a day seeking employment. They come 
 right down there and pick out our bulletin of labor (that we published 
 every day I believe I have one in my pocket. I don't know how many 
 come in there every day. As a matter of fact between four and five 
 thousand of these bulletins are taken from our office a day by the appli- 
 cants who apply for work. 
 
 Q. Some of these demogogues may take (them to destroy them in 
 job lots? 
 
 A. If they only take a dozen at a time and put them in places 
 that are good it is advertising us. 
 
 Q. It is now six minutes of three how many men are in your 
 office looking for work? 
 
 A. I could not state positively I could give you my opinion. 
 
 Q. Go ahead. 
 
 A. At the present time I should say there are about three hund- 
 red in the general office reading the bulletins and looking around. 
 
 Q. Of the million and a quarter men who applied for work this 
 last year, you succeeded in getting employment for how many? 
 
 A. Forty-five thousand. 
 
 Q. To a man? 
 
 A. No, I think 45,300 and some odd the books will tell that. 
 
 Q. You could bring your books down here? 
 
 A. I don't know that I would care to, I don't care about every- 
 body looking into my private books. 
 
 Q. These books contain nothing that is not strictly truthful, and 
 it is explanatory of what you say? 
 
 A. They contain nothing only what I have stated here to be facts. 
 
 Q. The books will show these 45,300 and odd persons last year? 
 
 A. You will find the names of these, yes. 
 
 Q. Of these one million two hundred and fifty thousand men, 
 how many of these men come back? On an average how many men will 
 come back to-morrow seeking employment again? 
 
 A. They will come back until they find it or go to the United 
 Railroads to see if they can give them a job on their cars. They are 
 after work. That is the reason that they come to us. A man comes to 
 us and he pays us something for a fee. 
 
 Q. You get a fee from every one that registers? 
 
 A. We do not charge until the man has got the work before a 
 man is given work there is no fee to pay. 
 
 22 
 
O' T!-'E 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
 Q. You have to do that under the law of California? 
 
 A. Thank Heaven I agree with you there. 
 
 MB. MOOBE: You and Mr. Livernash seem to be falling into the 
 old heathen idea of pluralizing Heaven. 
 
 MB. LIVEBNASH: We are doing all kinds of things with Heaven 
 here this afternoon, certainly. 
 
 Q. The supply of labor in San Francisco, you say, is greater than 
 the demand therefor? 
 
 A. Yes, the supply of ordinary labor is greater than the demand. 
 
 Q. Why do you advertise that the men are coming around to 
 your place? 
 
 A. I will answer that. The supply of ordinary labor is greater 
 than the demand they are seeking work in San Francisco, sir. We 
 have come to a state of affairs in San Francisco today where there is 
 men coming from all parts of the United States seeking to work right 
 in Ban Francisco, and they are waiting and waiting right here to go to 
 work, but no, there is ten, fifteen to twenty dollars to put up to join 
 a union, and unless they can find that they cannot get employment, 
 they have to go out in the country to work upon farms they can't go 
 to work in San Francisco. 
 
 Q. Do you want to deliver another speech? 
 
 A. No, sir, but I have answered. 
 
 Q. Then the reason that there is a great army of men hanging 
 around your establishment is because there are trade unions here? 
 
 A. Yes. you have struck the key-note. 
 
 Q. So the foundation of your personal success is the trade union? 
 
 A. Labor unions have made me rich, but at the expense of the 
 laboring working man who has been driven to go to the country. 
 
 Q. I am surprised that a man of such lofty notions as yourself 
 would permit himself to become rich. 
 
 A. They are maaking me rich and I will ride in my carriage 
 some day if I keep on like I am going now. 
 
 Q. You are paying taxes upon it, of course? 
 
 A. I don't know about paying taxes a man can put his money 
 in the crock and put it away. 
 
 Q. But certainly a truthful man like you wouldn't give a false 
 statement to the assessor? 
 
 A. I don't say I am paying taxes I am not going to say about 
 that in fact, I may be so generous as to give it to the poor. I might 
 have poor relatives in the old country and send it to them. 
 
 Q. Well, you are getting rich? 
 
 A. Yes, I am getting rich. 
 
 Q. And are rich now? 
 
 A. Rather than answer that we will let that pass by. 
 
 Q. You are not afraid of Mr. Dodge. 
 
 A. Not a bit the assessor is a good man to have in this city or 
 community, or any other city or community we have got to have them 
 
 Q. The effect of the trade union movement here is to prevent men 
 getting employment because they have not money enough to become 
 members of the union, is that it, and that is why the labor market is 
 congested in <the way in which you have given testimony here? 
 
 A. That is why the labor market here today is congested with 
 men San Francisco they come here seeking employment, and they 
 find out when they come here that they have got to put up ten or fifteen 
 dollars, and there are plenty of men here that cannot join the union 
 because they have not got the money in the first place, and they are 
 forced to go out in the country to make their living. 
 
 Q. The great mass of these men who apply at your establishment 
 are non-union men, are they? 
 
 A. That is a difficult question for me to answer, Mr. Livernash, 
 because I never ask a man, are you a union man or non-union. 
 
 Q. But you say the reason of these great droves of men around 
 your establishment is because the men have not money enough to join 
 the unions, therefore you Must fccliere that the mass are not union 
 men? 
 
 28 
 
A. The majority are not union men, and the majority of the 
 working men in the United States today are not union men most of 
 the employees, female and male, are not union; and I believe you 
 could give me the figures if you wanted to. 
 
 Q. I wouldn't think of juggling figures with you you are such 
 a master of the art. You don't go a cent on trade unionism then? 
 
 A. Yes, trade unions are right, but only when purged of dema- 
 gogues and street agitators, and these leaders. They are right when 
 they are banded together for the benefit of their craft of their trade, 
 that they may work better with their hands and brains and at the same 
 time -give their employees better service, and band together in fraternal 
 organizations; but when they interfere with your and my business 
 they are wrong, sir. 
 
 Q. Are they interfering with your business? 
 
 A. They are trying .to do so. 
 Q. Getting you arrested and things like that? 
 
 A. They advertise me and I am making money by their doing it. 
 They are turning the great wealth of the corporations into the hands 
 of Murray & Ready today by doing it. It is not right, though just 
 because they are doing it it is not right. They put a boycott upon my 
 place because I send men up to the Union Lumber Company. The cor- 
 porations look upon that' and say, "Here is Murray & Ready being 
 boycotted what are they getting boycotted for?" They stop to think 
 and reason, and they say that is not right, and they turn their custom 
 over to me, and I today am making money out of that. I am getting 
 more business in San Francisco today than I would have had had it 
 not been for the boycott they put in front of my door. 
 
 Q. Then you are getting a disproportionate percentage of the 
 trade? 
 
 A. I am getting a larger percentage of trade today than I would 
 have got had the unions not started to boycott me. 
 
 Q. The Labor Council has a boycott on your house now? 
 
 A. Not that I know of, but the City Front Federation, I believe, 
 fa as. 
 
 MB. MOORE: Is your place boycotted? 
 
 A. It is boycotted. In front there is a man who has got a 
 worn out, weather-beaten sign it looks as if he ought to have a new 
 one. But Murray & Ready does not give a continental for any boycott, 
 we will send men to the Union Lumber Company or any other company. 
 
 ME. MOORE: The Union Lumber Company has a strike on? 
 
 A. A strike or lock-out, and they come to me and want me to 
 supply them with help, and I will supply any man that ever lives that 
 pays his help and treats them right I will do it as long as I live. 
 
 MR. LIVERNASH: I hope you won't do it afterwards. 
 
 A. Well, I may be in that business in the other world, higher up, 
 but you, Mr. Livernash, will not be an applicant for a position up 
 there. 
 
 Q. Well, you will be very far down in the basement. 
 
 A. Well, I will have others with me. 
 
 Q. I hope you don't mean Mr. Moore. Now, let me read this 
 from your advertisement you write these advertisements, do you? 
 
 A. You have struck the key-note to that that is what keeps me 
 down working till 10 o'clock at night. 
 
 Q. You are pretty well pleased with them yourself? 
 
 A. Well, it would be out of place for me to say that. 
 
 Q. I am reading from the Examiner of August 3rd, 1903. 
 
 A. Today's issue? 
 
 Q. Yes, sir. Your first advertisement in the column from which 
 I am reading contains this statement: "Thousands going" where ar 
 these thousands going? 
 
 A. The advertisement calls, does it not, for Utah, Nevada, Cen- 
 tral America and Oregon. 
 
 Q. Every place but the moon. 
 
 A. It contains the places we are shipping to-day. 
 
 Q. You are shipping to-day to all these places? 
 
 A. To-day or to-morrow whenever the steamers or trains go. 
 
 24 
 
We are shipping to Utah and Nevada to-day, and Arizona to-night aiid 
 Oregon to-day. I can't tell you where \ve are shipping to, we are ship- 
 ping to so many places. 
 
 Q. Shipping to a million places? 
 
 A. To many places. 
 Q. I wondered if you were slipping up a cog. 
 
 A. No; I am not trying to slip up a cog. 
 
 Q. There is just thousands of men moving? 
 
 A. There are thousands going I don't say to-day. Would you 
 like to know how many men we shipped last year to one place? 
 
 Q. I would, but I wouldn't like to try your figures. 
 
 A. We shipped 8000 men to Utah and Nevada for the construction 
 of the railroad on that seven-million-dollar contract in Utah and 
 Nevada. We shipped them in one deal. You don't need to take 
 Murray & Ready's figures at all the S. P. passes will prove that. 
 
 Q. I have not been able to find any way to learn about the S. P. 
 passes. 
 
 A. They issue them to me every day in the week and every hour 
 of the day when we have orders for help from differing departments 
 of the S. P., C. P. R. R. We first get the help, then the passes. 
 
 Q. Every hour? 
 
 A. That is true that is, my business hours. 
 
 Q. Every hour in the day they send you down a bunch of 
 
 A. No; I go there and get them. They are respectfully issued 
 to ils by the gentlemen, heads of departments. 
 
 Q. Every hour? 
 
 A. If I am ready I can get them any minute during their busi- 
 ness hours. 
 
 Q. They are just there on tap? 
 
 A. They are on tap for me to go and send the men they want to 
 different places, but, of course, they are not there for people with kid 
 gloves who want to ride they are there for working men. 
 
 Q. You advertise for 666 men in this Examiner for the Southern 
 Pacific Railroad divisions? 
 
 A. For the different railroad departments. 
 
 Q. Just 666? 
 
 A. There were 666 wanted when I closed my books up, yes. 
 
 Q. How long has that advertisement asking for those 666 men 
 been running? 
 
 A. I don't know; I could not say. There may be seven hundred or 
 eight hundred wanted at this very minute the orders pour into my 
 office every minute of the day. 
 
 Q. Just a stream of orders ? 
 
 A. Yes, sir; for the S. P. Company they are streaming in there 
 right along. 
 
 MR. MOORE: For laborers for railroad construction? 
 
 A. Yes, sir; and other work. 
 
 MB. LIVERNASH: Every minute of the day? 
 
 A. Every minute of the day for section gangs and laborers. 
 
 Q. About a hundred? 
 
 A. I don't know whether by the hundred or by the thousand, but 
 we often get orders for a hundred at a lick. 
 
 Q. Why don't you send out more than two or three hundred men 
 a day? 
 
 A. Because all good laboring men don't want to work for $1.60 
 to $1.70 a day. 
 
 Q. A laboring man is worth more than $1.60 a day, is he? 
 
 A. Yes, sir; some are worth more. 
 
 Q. That is a dreadful wage rate, is it not? 
 
 A. I don't know a man is worth what he earns, providing he is 
 all right he will earn it for that class of work. 
 
 Q. That is the rate, is it? 
 
 A. That is the rate with the S. P. Company $1.60 to $1.70 a day. 
 
 Q. And board themselves? 
 
 A. Board themselves; yes, sir. 
 
 25 
 
MB. MOOSE: Pick and shevel work? 
 A. Yes, sir; and construction; $1.60. 
 
 MB. LIVEBNASH: And you find it pretty hard to get men for that? 
 A. Yes; it is generally pretty hard to get men for $1.60. 
 Q. They don't want to work for that? 
 
 A. Not at this season of the year. In the winter time they will 
 work for it. 
 
 Q. What do they want? 
 
 A. They are looking for the highest wages paid. 
 
 Q. What are the highest wages paid? 
 
 A. For what class of work? 
 
 Q. We are still talking about this same gang of men. 
 
 A. Skilled or unskilled labor? 
 
 Q. We have not at any time been talking of skilled labor. 
 
 A. Well, unskilled labor in some places is higher and some less. 
 In Utah it is higher than in California in some classes of work it 
 depends on what part of California. You are well up on the railroad 
 question. 
 
 Q. But you see, I am a demagogue. 
 
 A. You are a demagogue all right, since you admit it. In the 
 extreme southern portion of this State, where it is very, very warm, 
 and labor is scarce, then labor is scarce, then labor is dear; but where 
 labor is plentiful and there is no conditions to stop a man from seek- 
 ing employment that is, this union racket business that we have been 
 speaking about, then we could get labor at less figures. Some parts of 
 California they pay more than they do in others. 
 
 Q. Where there is a big supply of men the wages are down? 
 
 A. Yes ; and where the climatic conditions are favorable, also 
 then wages are less than they would be in other places; for instance, 
 in Arizona, or Fresno, or Bakersfield, or any warm climate where it 
 is pretty hard work, you know wages are high. 
 
 Q. Here in. San Francisco where these great ranks of men are 
 steadily moving in an endless procession, it is strange, is it not, to* find 
 men unwilling to work for $1.60? 
 
 A. I have never said that no man was unwilling to work for $1.60 
 in San Francisco. I told you that thousands of men not hundreds, 
 but thousands, come here 
 
 Q. Hundreds of thousands? 
 
 A. No, sir; but thousands, and they are shut out and told "you 
 can't get work here, go out in the country, go work on the farms, go to 
 pick and shovelling, do anything but there is nothing here for you." 
 They shut a man out unless he belongs to their clique or gang. They 
 st*p the workmen or any citizen of the United States unless they force 
 them to do as they say. 
 
 Q. So the $1.60 rate would not have any application here the 
 unions would not stand for it? 
 
 A. I don't know whether the unions would stand for it. I don't 
 think you could get men to work in San Francisco for $1.60. 
 
 Q. Even if there were no unions? 
 
 A. If there were no unions. 
 
 Q. What are you able to get men to do pick and shovel work in 
 Ban Francisco for now? 
 
 A. . $2 and $2.25, $2 principally; pick and shovel on the streets, 
 $2 a day. 
 
 Q. How many hours a day? 
 
 A. Nine and ten. 
 
 Q. Most of them nine? 
 
 A. No; most of them are ten. 
 
 Q. The men who work ten hours are scabs, aren't they? 
 
 A. I told you, sir, I didn't know the meaning of the word "scab." 
 
 Q. What do you think a "scab" does mean? 
 
 A. I would like to know it. 
 
 Q. Are these union men who are willing to work at pick and 
 shovel work for ten hours a day here? 
 
 A. I could not answer that question. I never ask a man whether 
 
 2 
 
he is union or non-union. I ask him if he is a pick amd skovel man, 
 and if he wants a job, and if he says yes, he takes it. 
 
 Q. A union man will not work at pick and shovel work for ten 
 hours, will he? 
 
 A. I find thousands willing to work in San Francisco here ] 
 they only had a chance to work. I find thousands of men willing to 
 work at a good reasonable rate of wages just longing to live in the 
 City and County of San Francisco, if they could get work here. 
 
 Q. How many people cannot get work here? 
 
 A. I don't know. 
 
 Q. Well, you have been throwing your big figures aroumd here 
 promiscuously. 
 
 A. Well, you asked me something I could not tell yen. 
 
 Q. You think there are fifty thousand? 
 
 A. Not fifty thousand I could answer that. 
 
 Q. Forty thousand? 
 
 A. I don't think there are. 
 
 Q. Twenty-five thousand? 
 
 A. I don't know. 
 
 Q. , You are not sure there are not 25,000, but you are sure there 
 are not 40,000? 
 
 A. I am sure there are not 40,000; yes. 
 
 Q. Are you sure there are not 40,000? 
 
 A. I am sure there are not 40,000; yes. 
 
 Q. How many soup kitchens are there for the unemployed? 
 
 A. Well, we have some things in this world worse than coup 
 kitchens. There are no soup kitchens thatl know of. We have a 
 whole lot of organizations in San Francisco, and rich people, and not 
 only rich people, but other people who try to do good try to help others 
 and who are putting up a whole lot of money nowadays to help people 
 in case of need and in case of want there are a whole lot of them 
 paying out money in ithese benevolent societies. 
 
 Q. Is there a greater number of unemployed unskilled labor in 
 San Francisco now than there was a year ago? 
 
 A. More unemployed than there was a year ago at this timt; 
 yes, sir. 
 
 Q. How many more, do you think? 
 
 A. I could not answer. I know there is more than there was ft 
 year ago. 
 
 Q. How do you know it? 
 
 A. Our books will prove that there is more applying to me for 
 work to-day than there was this time last year. 
 
 Q. We want you to bring your books here and let us see. 
 
 A. I certainly object to bringing my books here to this place or 
 any other place for anybody to see, other than one man. 
 
 Q. Who is he? 
 
 A, The Labor Commissioner of California. He can have accesa 
 to my books and can look over them any time he wishes to. 
 
 Q. That is because you can't help yourself. 
 
 A. That is because I like him to look over them. 
 
 Q. He has that right anyway. 
 
 A. All right; grant that he has, sir. 
 
 Q. I notice you advertise here for 386 laborers "no experience 
 required." 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. $60 and $75 a month? 
 
 A. Correct. 
 
 Q. How many days off a month for them? 
 
 A. Thirty days in a month for a great many of them. 
 
 Q. How many days off for these men in a month? 
 
 A. No days off at all. They work every day, including Sumdays 
 some of them. 
 
 Q. Every one of them? 
 
 A. Not every one of them. 
 
 Q. How many? 
 
 27 
 
A. I eould not say; I don't know. You don't want me to give 
 you a rough guess at anything, do you you want facts? 
 
 A. That is what I am trying to give you, sir. 
 
 Q. No; I want that fine measure of accuracy you possess. 
 
 Q. Well, we have at last found one thing you don't know. 
 
 A. I don't know that. 
 
 A. There are jobs set down in the advertisement at $70 a month. 
 Where are they? 
 
 A. I know where some of them are they are going to work on 
 fehe levees and cutting tules. For that kind of work they get $60 a 
 month and fare up there. It is up on the Sacramento River. 
 
 Q. With these thousands of men that can't get work here because 
 of the labor unions, it ought not to take you long to get 386 laborers 
 with no experience required, at $60 or $70 a month. 
 
 A. All men are not seeking pick and shovel jobs. 
 
 Q. It does not appear from this that they are pick and shovel jobs. 
 
 A. It says "laborers." 
 
 Q. Every man who labors is not a pick and shovel man? 
 
 A. No; because a street-car conductor is a laborer. 
 
 Q. How do you know it? 
 
 A. Because I have hired hundreds of them that run street cars 
 I have hired them as waiters and farm hands. 
 
 Q. You hired hundreds? 
 
 A. Not hundreds I will say a hundred a hundred men now 
 right on the street cars in San Francisco, in my ' sixteen years' ex- 
 perience in San Francisco. I got them different positions in different 
 parts of the State; some as pick and shovel men and some as farm 
 hands. It doesn't prevent a man running a car because he has been 
 been a pick and shovel man. 
 
 Q. W T hat do you know about running a car? 
 
 A. I know it wouldn't take me very long to learn. 
 
 Q. Half an hour? 
 
 A. No; a day or two days. 
 
 Q. Two days? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. How do you know you could run a car in two days. 
 
 A. Because any man with common sense and willingness could. 
 
 Q. Are you sure you have common sense? 
 
 A. I don't know whether I would have to go before a doctor, or 
 or whether he would have to examine me. I think I am rational, and 
 in this respect I think I have an advantage over some people. Do you 
 catch on? 
 
 Q. In two days any man of common sense; and you are of that 
 class? 
 
 A. I am. 
 
 Q. Could run a street car? 
 
 A. I don't say that I wouldn't -be able to do it better in a year 
 than the first time I started in. 
 
 Q. The fact is, there is not much of anything you couldn't do, 
 is there? 
 
 A. I say, sir, that a man who has got sufficient brain, and will 
 educate those brains up to the standpoint, he can simply lift himself 
 and do thousands of things that he didn't do before. 
 
 Q. Thousands of things? 
 
 A. Yes ; thousands of things. I say you, yourself, if you chose 
 to educate your brain and educate it in a certain line of business, could 
 do thousands of things. 
 
 Q. I wouldn't educate my brain for anything. 
 
 A. Probably not. 
 
 Q. I think that is very dangerous. 
 
 A. I don't think the educating of your brain is a dangerous pro- 
 position I think it is good. 
 
 Q. You think it would be all right for me to educate my brain! 
 
 A. I don't say you are not educated already, sir. t 
 
 Q. Now, you advertise for 186 drillmen? 
 
 A. That is correct. 
 
 28 
 
Q. What does a driller have to do? 
 
 A. A driller is a man who has to work in a tunnel or a min 
 or a class of work amongst stone. 
 
 Q. What do you pay him? 
 
 A. In some places $2.25 a day; in quarries, $2.25 and $2.50. 
 In other places they get $90 a month, according to where he works 
 and what kind of work he does. In mines drillmen get $70 a month 
 and some $75. In quarries in and around San Francisco, $2.25 a day, 
 up to $2.50. 
 
 Q. Let me read you some of the persons you are advertising for 
 ki this one advertisement in the Examiner, August 3, 1903. You want, 
 according to this advertisement, thousands of men - 
 
 A. Does it say thousands? 
 
 Q. It says "thousands going;" I suppose you want them. 
 
 A. It says "thousands going." 
 
 Q. They are going without being wanted? 
 
 A. But that means all the way down the line thousands are 
 wanted in every business, but not altogether in one job. 
 
 Q. The next call is for 666 men? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. That is for the Southern Pacific Division? 
 
 A. Well, we have had that once. 
 
 Q. The next you want is 155 Italians, and for some marvelous 
 reason you want just 155 Greeks, and by some similarity of fact you 
 want 155 Austraians. In addition to those you want ten machine 
 miners ? 
 
 A. Correct. 
 
 Q. You want 186 miners, single and double hand; machine men, 
 muckers, timber men, and furnace men; and you want 386 laborers 
 for which no experience is required? 
 
 A. Correct. 
 
 Q. You want 186 drillers, and 12 laborers for a mine, 12 men for 
 stables, 125 men for farms, 250 men for orchards, 65 men for dairies, 
 36 men and boys for chores? 
 
 A, Correct. 
 
 Q. 63 men for hay, harvest, 36 fruit pickers, 39 teamsters, 555 
 laborers, and a lot of men, no numbers mentioned for coachmen, gard- 
 eners, private choremen, 68 blacksmiths, 9 helpers, 12 bench hands, 
 9 carpenters, 5 plasterers, 5 machinists, carriage makers, 12 coopers, 
 9 brick molders, 995 laborers for whom no experience is wanted, 186 
 experienced mill and yard men, 383 woodsmen, stickermen, spoolten- 
 ders, buckers, trackmen, blacksmith and wood turners, barkers and car 
 loaders, jackscrewers, log loaders, shingle sawyers, Dolbeer loggers, 
 earriage setters, swampers and rimmers, gang edgermen, oilers and 
 engineers, saw filers, pond men, band sawyers, carriage loggers, chain 
 tenders, shingle packers, jointers, chute builders, 386 woodchoppers, 
 and so forth; 57 cooks, 18 waiters, 36 pot and dishwashers, 18 bell 
 and elevator boys, porter, second cook for mine, 21 laundrymen, 6 
 bakers and helpers, 12 boys to learn trades, 12 boys for a box factory, 
 15 laborers general work, 2 screw setters, 2 off bearers, 10 cross- 
 cutters for woods work, 25 laborers to pile lumber, 9 carpenters to 
 build barns, sheds, and so forth ; 6 carpenters for factory, 25 men 
 amongst fruits, 25 laborers, big lumber trust; 26 teamsters, laborers 
 and axmen, 3 machinists, 5 laborers, 2 laborers to run cars, mine; 2 
 stablemen, city job; bakef for city institution, 2 laborers to run car* 
 in mine, 4 men about threshing outfit, stableman, wash cans; butcher, 
 waiter, milker, bar-tender, 2 carriage setters, 6 hay-makers, black- 
 smith, 3 furnace men for mine, 3 carpenters, painter and tinter, assayer, 
 gold mine; 6 drillers, 4 muckers." Are all these persons wanted by 
 
 you 
 
 A. They are, . sir, every one of them. 
 Q. Out of these thousands of persons applying you obtain 
 ployment for how many? 
 
 A. I guess we find employment for seven hundred people. 
 Q. Of whom you will send out of the city over 200? 
 A. We will send out of the city 650 of them. 
 29 
 
Q. To-day? 
 
 A. Yes. If we get thirty employment to-day in the City and 
 County of San Francisco we have done a big thing if we get thirty 
 out of seven hundred people that we have found employment for we have 
 done a big business. 
 
 Q. Out of the three or four thousand men who have applied 
 or will apply before the day is over, you will obtain positions for only 
 about thirty in this city? 
 
 A. In this city, about thirty people ; and I would question whether 
 we have found even thirty. 
 
 Q. Is that a fair average? 
 
 A. That would be a good average per day. 
 
 Q. For all sorts? 
 
 A. In this city for everything skilled and unskilled no female 
 help male help we are speaking of. 
 
 Q. That has been a fair average for the employment for the last 
 year? 
 
 A. A fair average for the last, say, year. 
 
 Q. Thirty a day, skilled and unskilled? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. That is less than 10,000 of your 45,000 that you give employ- 
 ment to in San Francisco? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. And of the 35,000 others you have given employment to in the 
 interior of this State or other States? 
 
 A. In the country the Pacific Coast. 
 
 Q. What percentage of the 35,000 outside of San Francisco are 
 given employment in the interior of this State? 
 
 A. That is a hard question to answer, because we ship to Oregon, 
 Washington, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, Hawaiian Islands. Of course, 
 the mass of them are in the State of California. 
 
 Q. Would you think as many as 30,000 in California? 
 
 A. No; I don't think that it could not be 30,000; I would not 
 be so sure of that. 
 
 Q. Do you think as many as 25,000 of these 35,000 were given 
 employment in California? , 
 
 A. I should say that was about it. 
 
 Q. Then your 45,000 of last year was made up in this way: Not 
 more than 10,000 in San Francisco, skilled and unskilled, and 
 25,000 in the State other than San Francisco? 
 
 A. I think somewhere along there. 
 
 Q. There is not much of a movement then from the interior to San 
 Francisco, if you find it easy to place 25,000 persons in a year in the 
 interior of the State the movement is from the city to the country 
 instead of from the country to the city? 
 
 A. The movement is from the East. A great mass of labor comes 
 from the East and of course it touches San Francisco first and they 
 try to get work in the city, and, failing to do it, they go into the 
 interior. 
 
 Q. Then the interior instead of having a surplus of labor, absorbs 
 this 25,000 a year? 
 
 A. Yes ; and more than that if 'they could be got. 
 
 Q. 25,000 you placed this year, and you didn't place more because 
 there were not more applicants? 
 
 A. I didn't place more because there were no more applicants 
 to go to the country. 
 
 Q. You could have placed more? 
 
 A. 50,000 more in the interior of the State if there had been 
 applicants. I could do that to-day provided I could get the applicants 
 for to-morrow. 
 
 Q. San Francisco is the distributing point from the East? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Men coming from the East use this as a distributing point 
 to scatter over the Pacific Coast States? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 30 
 
Q. You handle this large number of pereeae because there is a 
 steady stream from the East; it is not a local labor supply. 
 
 A. Well, of course, it is this way: Some of the classes we call 
 traveling public, for instance, you take the miners and farmers and th*t 
 class of labor, they get tired of the country and want to come to San 
 Francisco; and then they are here for a few days or a few weeks 
 they quit the job in the part of the country they are and want to see 
 if they can get a job in another part of the country, and they come to 
 San Francisco. Then a great number of country people, especially 
 farmers' sons, unfortunately for them, too, they come to San Francisco 
 and want to locate here and go to work right here, but they can't do it; 
 so they find out they have to go back again to the country they shift 
 around, and, of course, the immigration from the East is large. 
 
 Q. These laborers, 386, whom you advertised for at $60 to 70 a 
 month (are they for the interior of California ? 
 A. Does it not read "for city and country"? 
 Q. No; it does not say that. 
 
 A. Well, I think the Etcaminer has left it out then it should 
 include "city and country;" of course, the great mass are for the 
 country. 
 
 Q. These men to whom you give $60 and $75 a month you will 
 have no difficulty in filling the places, will you? 
 
 A. We will have no difficulty in filling the high-class positions 
 with some class of labor, but the difficulty is to fill the pick and shovel 
 laborers. % 
 
 Q. Men don't want to work for less than $2 a day, do they? 
 A. Not at this season of the year; the supply and demand, of 
 course, covers that. 
 
 Q. They want $2 to $2.50 a day for it? 
 A. They want all they can get, I guess. 
 
 Q. Well, you come in contact with these men and understand 
 what they want; they want $2 and $2.50 a day, don't they? 
 
 A. If it is a short job they want more wages than if it was a 
 steady job. A man wont expect as much on a steady job as on a short 
 job. 
 
 Q. What is the ruling rate for ten hours a day for pick and shovel 
 men the rate at which you can get men? 
 
 A. That is impossible to answer, because some sections of the 
 country are higher and some less. 
 Q. Well, San Francisco? 
 A. San Francisco, $2 a day. 
 
 Q. You can't get men for that for pick and shovel work, can you? 
 A. Well, I can for $1.75 a day, some classes of work. 
 Q. What classes of work? 
 A. Around factories any hard work. 
 Q. Have you within the last month? 
 A. I have hired them to-day. 
 Q. What are the names of some of them? 
 
 A. The names of the men or the names of the firms I am sending 
 to? 
 
 Q. The firms. 
 
 A. I don't care to give the names of my customers away. I don't 
 think I should come up here and state to you with whom we are doing 
 business. I don't think that would be doing right. 
 Q. You are hiring men for $1.75 a day to-day? 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. To work ten hours a day? 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. An ordinary day's labor? 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 Q. How many of them? 
 
 A. I don't remember. I can remember of hiring two or three 
 myself. 
 
 Q. Give me the names of these men you hired. 
 
 A. I could not tell you that. They are on the books. 
 
 Q. Can't you give any names to me? 
 
 31 
 
A. I can if you wish it. 
 
 Q. I do. 
 
 A. Well, your wish will be gratified. 
 
 Q. But the ruling rate here is $2 a day for pick and shovel work, 
 in this town? 
 
 A. The ruling rate is $2 a day. In all .-that kind of work they 
 board themselves. 
 
 Q. In this kind of ordinary pick and shovel work no experience 
 is required? 
 
 A. No experience is required. You require a good strong man 
 that is about all. Willingness is the great feature. 
 
 Q. Now, you advertise for 39 teamsters in San Francisco, $22 a 
 week, $2 to $2.50 a day. 
 
 A. $2 and $2.50 a day that is right. Some are wanted to drive 
 teams in San Francisco, $22 a week; $2 a day on sand wagons 
 
 Q. Do the sand wagon men work ten hours a day? 
 
 A. Work ten hours a day. 
 
 Q. Union men? 
 
 A. I don't know anything about union men, eir. I don't know 
 any distinction between man and man, sir. 
 
 Q. Now, give me the name of some man that works for $2 a day 
 and more than eight hours a day. 
 
 A. I could not give you his name right here. I could give plenty 
 of them down at the office any amount of them. 
 
 Q. Well, give me some of these names. 
 
 A. But I want you to understand me that I am not going to giva 
 you the names of the employers. 
 
 Q. All right. 
 
 A. Because that would be violating confidence, you know. 
 
 Q. I wouldn't have you violate a confidence. 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Because I want you to make a good success of your business. 
 
 A. Thank you. 
 
 Q. Men working in the hay harvest are paid $1.50 and $2.50 a 
 day and found? 
 
 A. Yes; that is correct. 
 
 Q. And. men who work at fruit picking are paid $26 a month 
 and found? 
 
 A. Correct. 
 
 Q. You advertise here for 555 laborers li the country at $2 ana 
 $2.50 a day. How does it happen that they are getting so much? 
 
 A. $2 is what they have been getting a day in San Francisco here. 
 $2.50 for classes of work that is worth more than $2 for instance, 
 cutting tulea up on the river, they are standing in the water all day 
 long; that is worth more than anything else. 
 
 Q. Then it is $2 in both country and city. 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Men are not working for less in the city than they are in th 
 country, are they? 
 
 A. Well, taking an average all around and they would be getting 
 less wages here than in the country. 
 
 A. Yes, I do know, sir that is plainly answered. They have not 
 
 Q. Why don't they go to the country then, do you know? 
 the accomodations in the country they have in the city they haven't 
 got what they want. They want to be the same as you and I do. They 
 want to live among civilization once in a while and go to the theatre 
 and see their friends and elevate themselves. They can't do that on a 
 ranch that is the reason why. .That is the reason that all cities 
 grow as they do. They strike from the farms to the city. Of course, 
 you know thai without my mentioning it. 
 
 Q. Thank you for the sociological lecture. 
 A. Well, you asked me and I answered it, air. 
 Q. Blacksmith* a& $3 a day for the country? 
 A. Yea, sir. 
 
 Q. Of course, you don't know whether any of tfcose men are union 
 or non-union? 
 
A. I know of no distinction between man and man. 
 Q. You know no distinction between a demagogue and the other 
 fellow? 
 
 A. Yes, I do. 
 
 Q. You want 68 blacksmiths at $3 a day. How long will it tak 
 you to supply 68 blacksmiths at $3 a day? 
 
 A. It is owing to the condition of the labor market. It will tak* 
 .some time at this season of the year. 
 
 Q. Blacksmith's helpers at $2 a day now? 
 A. Some, and some get more, sir. 
 Q. How much more? 
 
 A. From $1.75 to $2.25 a day it is according to the years ex- 
 perience he has had. 
 
 Q. Plasterers $5. 50 a day is that right? 
 A. If it states it there it is correct. 
 
 Q. Brickmolders $2.50 a day. Do you have any difficulty in 
 getting brickmolders at that? 
 
 A. Yes ; I guess we have great difficulty in getting brickmolders 
 at $2.50. 
 
 Q. Here is a bunch of laborers wanted, 995, no experience? 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. $35 to $70 a month and found? 
 A. For the lumber trust that is for the lumber trust. 
 Q. % No experience is required? 
 
 A. None whatever. They are to go in the mountains and handle 
 lumber. All that is wanted is a laboring man with strength and with 
 a pair of hands walling to work that is all they want of him to do 
 what he is told. 
 
 Q. Mill and yard men, that is around the sawmills? 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. You offer from $40 to $150 a month and found. That is right, 
 is it? 
 
 A. There are different classes of labor. They range from men 
 to pile lumber to a man to run the mill. 
 
 MB MOORE: These lumbering regions are very remote from San 
 Francisco, are they not ? 
 
 A. Yes, sir; Mendocino County, Shasta County and Sonoma 
 County. 
 
 ME. LIVERNASH : Mendocino County is not remote from here. 
 A. It is not very far away from here, but you can't get up there 
 frequently. You can't tap the labor market in a minute. You have to 
 wait until the steamer goes; sometimes they only go once a week, and 
 sometimes two or three times a week, it is according to the seasons 
 there are no cars. 
 
 Q. What is the use of talking such nonsense? Mendocino County 
 is not remote. 
 
 A. Mendocino County is a remote county from the City and 
 County of San Francisco, and there are no railroads in there. 
 Q. A railroad runs up to Will its. 
 
 A. That is true; but there are not any running up to Fort Bragg. 
 Q. There is a stage route from Willits to Fort Brag, 
 A. And how long does it take you to go? 
 Q. About a day. 
 
 A. And how long would it take you if you left Fort Bragg to go 
 to San Francisco? 
 
 Q. About two days. 
 
 A. Well, I think a place that would take you two days is remote. 
 Q. There are regular steamers plying between here and Fort 
 Bragg in the lumber trade. 
 A. How often? 
 
 Q. Not very often during the strike that is going on. 
 A. During the strike they go oftener than they did before. I don't 
 say they are taking so many laborers, but the steamers are running 
 oftener. 
 
 33 
 
Q. Well, where you are so completely off I don't care to argue 
 with you. I have the information. Andrew Furuseth told me so last 
 night. 
 
 A. Andrew ought to know what he is talking about. I believe 
 that is right. 
 
 Q. Now, you offer here to dishwashers $20 a month and found? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. You want thirty-six? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Do you have any difficulty in getting them for that? 
 
 A. Yes, sir; some difficulty. A man don't want to go and wash 
 dishes when he can pick fruit. 
 
 Q. Elevator boys, bed makers, and so forth, $30 to $45 a month 
 and found ? 
 
 A. What is the figure? 
 
 Q. $30 to $45 a month and found elevator boys, porters and 
 bed makers. 
 
 A. They are for different places. 
 
 Q. Some you want for as low as $30 and some you say $45. 
 
 A. Some as high as $40, and they go down to $15. 
 
 Q. You don't so advertise? 
 
 A. What is the use of advertising? You can't get them. 
 
 Q. You say your advertisement is strictly truthful? 
 
 A. Yes; but there is no use to advertise for $15-men now. You 
 can't get any man for $15 to wash dishes or make beds. 
 
 Q. $30 and found can you find them? 
 
 A. I can find them. 1 can get the right kind of men. 
 
 Q. You have places for eighteen men of this sort? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. The lowest price $30 and the highest $45? 
 
 A. ' No, sir. 
 
 Q. Then what does your advertisement mean? 
 
 A. Exactly what is says for those men; but I have also places for 
 men at $15 more than the number you are speaking of. That is cor- 
 rect, sir; we want that number of men at those wages right there. 
 
 Q. But you will have difficulty in getting them, wont you? 
 
 A. Well, we will fill a great many of them. 
 
 Q. How long will it take you to fill those eighteen places? 
 
 A. Probably to-day or to-morrow, or probably two or three days. 
 We will fill them as soon as possible. 
 
 Q. 21 laundrymen, all classes, "$18 a week up" up to what? 
 
 A. About $20. 
 
 Q. $18 to $20. Is that a fair rate for laundrymen in the interior? 
 
 A. In the interior in Arizona, somewhere. 
 
 Q. How much do you pay a baker's helper in the interior? 
 
 A. It is according to where he is located $25 and sometimes $40, 
 and whether it is a big shop or a small shop. It. is all according to the 
 work. 
 
 Q. A baker gets $40 and found? 
 
 A. Bakers, yes, sir, and more. 
 
 Q. Do you have any trouble in getting them for that? 
 
 A. Sometimes I do and sometimes 1 don't. It is according to the 
 supply that is all. 
 
 Q. 1 see you advertise here, 5 laborers, board yourselves, 15 cents 
 fare, $2.25 a day? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Where are they to be employed? 
 
 A. Well, across the bay a government job not a government 
 job, but a State job. I won't say government job. 
 
 Q. State jobs are eight hours, aren't they? 
 
 A. This is eight hours. 
 
 Q. It does not say eight hours. 
 
 A. It shold say right hours. 
 
 Q. What kind 'of labor? 
 
 A. Pick and shovel work. 
 
 34 
 
Q. You advertise for four men to work about threshing outfit. 
 13 that ordinary labor? 
 
 A. They have to be ordinary labor to work very long hours at 
 threshing at this season of the year. 
 
 Q. You offer $35 and found for stableman, wash cans, city? 
 
 A. Correct. He does both works. 
 
 Q. To hay makers you offer $40 a month and found ? 
 
 A. $1.50 a day. 
 
 Q. If the San Francisco Labor Council and the Building Trades 
 Council put a boycott on the United Railroads, in how long do you 
 think you could get a thousand men to work for the United Railroads 
 as platform men? 
 
 A. If the labor unions were boycotting them? 
 
 Q. Yes. 
 
 A. Well, it wouldn't take very long. 
 
 Q. . Well, how long? You would get them in a day, wouldn't youf 
 
 A. No; but I think I could get them in two. 
 
 Q. Get a thousand men? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. In cose there was a boycott? 
 
 A. Yes, sir; and providing that they had the protection that they 
 want provided they had the protection of the law. 
 
 Q. The soldiers and the police? 
 
 A. Well, I don't know whether they would need them. If it comes 
 to that the city could not take hold of it the State might. 
 
 Q. What kind of protection do you have in mind? 
 
 A. Just this: that if a man is allowed to go about his business 
 in a peaceful avocation, I could get that number of men in about two 
 days who would be only too willing; and, furthermore, with an adver- 
 tisement in the Chronicle, Call, Examiner a statement that I wanted 
 that number of men, they would swarm to the city, providing I could 
 guarantee them they would be protected. 
 
 Q. From where ? 
 
 A. From the farm, the orchard, the dairy, the ordinary laborers, 
 to get work on street cars, because he would like that kind of work. 
 
 Q. There would be a great exodus from the country to the city? 
 
 A. Yes, sir; if they could only find work here. 
 
 Q. Thousands and thousands of men from the interior are just 
 waiting to come to San Francisco? 
 
 A. They would like to come here if there was work for them. 
 
 Q. And on the other hand, thousands and thousands from here 
 are ready to go to the country? 
 
 A. They are forced to go to the country or starve. 
 
 Q. There is a tremendous movement back and forwards? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. You do not need to take the statement from me you 
 can see them on the Stockton boat going out to their work going out 
 to put great corns on their hands, because they cannot get work here. 
 
 Q. They cannot get work in San Francisco? 
 
 A. Yes; that is what they are looking for. 
 
 Q. What are they looking for? 
 
 A. For work to earn a*n honest day's living, sir. 
 
 Q. What kind of work? 
 
 A. Any kind; skilled or unskilled. 
 
 Q. Men are just flocking in from all places not only from the 
 farms, but everywhere, and all classes of labor? 
 
 A. There is a great immigration from the East, and then they 
 come in from the interior, and they come right here, and they want 
 to go to work in this City and County of San Francisco, but they can't 
 go to work. 
 
 Q. On account of these terrible trade unions ? 
 
 A. On account of the conditions of the labor market as it is now 
 handled by the trade unions of this city. 
 
 Q. Are the labor unions handling the labor market here? 
 
 A. I claim that they are handling it to-day; yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Thirty men a day is all you can get employment for? 
 
 35 
 
A. That is all I can find employment for in the City and County of 
 San Francisco, because I haven't the positions to give them. 
 
 Q. There is no demand for laborers? 
 
 A. There would be provided we were under the right kind of cir- 
 cumstances. 
 
 Q. What do you mean by the right kind of circumstances? 
 
 A. 1 mean that if you were allowed to employ who you want and 
 discharged who you liked, if he didn't work to suit you, and the de- 
 pression would not be as it is to-day in the labor market in the City 
 and County of San Francisco. I claim further, sir, that there are 
 millions of dollars tied up in our banks waiting to be invested when 
 employers can employ who they want and discharge who they want to. 
 
 Q. Millions of dollars? 
 
 A. Millions of dollars in the banks in the City and County of 
 San Francisco. 
 
 Q. Just waiting investment? 
 
 A. Capitalists are willing to put it in buildings and other things 
 provided that they know that they may hire and discharge whom they 
 like, and are not at the dictation of agitators and walking delegates. 
 
 Q. Oh, you have heard of a walking delegate, have you? 
 
 A. I have seem them, sir. 
 
 Q. Did they bother you much? 
 
 A. No, they don't; they bother me but little. 
 
 Q. Nat as much as demagogues? 
 
 A. They associate with them. 
 
 Q. They are just like them, in fact? 
 
 A. Well, birds of a feather flock together, sir. 
 
 Q. Walking delegates business agents of the unions? 
 
 A. Walking delegates a man who interferes in your business ant* 
 mine. 
 
 Q. You are not able to hire men for the Fort Bragg situation? 
 
 A. I have been able to hire men for the Fort Bragg situation, and 
 if you wish to know how many I guess my books will prove it. To-day, 
 before I came up here, the manager was inside the office and he and I 
 together hired twenty-four men and those men are going to Fort Bragg 
 to-day or to-morrow. 
 
 MB. MooBE:Fort Bragg is in Mendocino County? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Where there is a strike on? 
 
 A. Yes, sir; where there is a strike on; and the men have been 
 told that there is a strike on there or a lockout, and they were also 
 told by myself personally: "Gentlemen, if you want to work for them, 
 go and work for them. Listen to none of those demagogues and agi- 
 tators take my advice. If you are a man and want to work for them, 
 go; but if you don't want to work for them don't go." 
 
 MB. LIVEBNASH: Fort Bragg is a little village in Mendocino 
 County ? 
 
 A. Village, you call it? 
 
 Q. Yes; a little sea-coast village on the Mendocino coast. I havt 
 been up there many times, near where are great forests of redwoods 
 which are worked by big milling companies. 
 
 A. I believe great forests of redwood are there. 
 
 Q. The principal milling company is now having trouble with 
 its employees and the labor unions, and you are engaged in supplying 
 men to take the pfaces of union men? 
 
 A. Not to take the place of any union man up there that I know 
 of, because I don't know that there are any union men there. I am 
 employing men to work not to take the place of no man to take the 
 place of those that are vacant. They are not going to take anyone's 
 place. There is not anyone there or they wouldn't want a man. 
 
 Q. A few months ago there were hundreds of men working for 
 the Fort Bragg Lumber Company in the redwoods around Fort Bragg. 
 Isn't that true? 
 
 A. I believe there were. 
 
 Q. And then there was the formation of a union and a strike? 
 
 A. I know nothing of the formation of a union or a strike. 
 
 36 
 
A. You don't know a thing about a union under any possible 
 circumstances; but you know there is a strike up there? 
 
 A. I heard it said there was, but that is hearsay evidence. I will 
 answer that question: I don't know positively that there is, but I 
 have been informed by the Union Lumber Company that there is a 
 lockout and strike, and I have told every employee that has gone there 
 of such conditions; but as a matter of fact, I know nothing to my 
 personal knowledge. I was never there. 
 
 Q. Lucky man you wouldn't dare to go there. 
 
 A. If I was in the city of Fort Bragg to-day I would receive the 
 same consideration that you or anyone else would receive. 
 
 MB. MOORE : He says you do not dare to go there. 
 
 A. Well, we will leave that out, whether I dare or dare not go. 
 I would travel in any part that there is in this world and have generally 
 done it. I fear no man, but obey laws of every country I have been in, 
 which includes the greater part of the world. 
 
 MB. LIVEBNASH: You have not been to the north pole? 
 
 A. I could not get there. If you can I can. 
 
 Q. I know if any man can do it, you can do it. You, in point of 
 fact, were employed by the Fort Bragg Lumber Company some weeks 
 ago to supply the places of men who are on strike. Is not that the 
 plain, blunt truth? 
 
 A. I was not engaged to employ men to take the places of those 
 that were on strike or anything of the kind. I was to employ men to 
 work in those lumber mills and camps. 
 
 Q. Didn't you tell me that you knew, at the time Mr. Dunnigan 
 applied, that there was a strike on up there? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. You said that the man who told you was as truthful as God 
 Almighty? 
 
 A. He was. 
 
 Q. Then you did know about that time that there was a strike on 
 there? 
 
 A. The lumber company had given us that information, and I 
 believe their information would be true, sir. I did then and I do now. 
 
 Q. Then you do believe that there is a strike on there and has been 
 for some time? 
 
 A. I believe there has been a strike and lockout for some length 
 of time, and I believe it is on there now. 
 
 Q. You have been, in point of fact, sending men up for the Fort 
 Bragg company, where the men were on strike. You know that, don't 
 you? 
 
 A. You say I knew the men were on a strike? I know what the 
 lumber men told me. 
 
 Q. You have been sending men up there from your employment 
 agency to perform the work that those men who are on strike used to 
 perform ? 
 
 A. I don't know that those men who were on strike were there. 
 I only know what was told me. I know if you give me a position to 
 fill, I know that the man I have is going to go there if he wants to go, 
 air. 
 
 Q. How many men have you sent up there to work for the Fort 
 Bragg Company? 
 
 A. I could not say, sir. 
 
 Q. You have not sent as manv as a thousand, have vou? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. As many as five hundred? 
 
 A. I don't know. 
 
 Q. More than ten? 
 
 A. Yes; I shipped more than ten to-day. 
 
 Q. More than a hundred ? 
 
 A. Yes, sir; more than two hundred. 
 
 Q. More than three hundred? 
 
 A. Well, probably three hundred would be about the mark prob- 
 ably more. I wouldn't say now. 
 
 37 
 
Q. How many men did the Fort Bragg company want? 
 A. I don't know. I know when they gave me the order for men 
 I filled it. 
 
 Q. How many men have they told you to employ altogether? 
 
 A. Fifteen to-day and I got them. 
 
 Q. How many men altogether did the Fort Bragg company ask 
 you to get for them? 
 
 A. They asked me to get a certain number of men on certain days 
 and I got them. 
 
 Q. How many? 
 
 A. They never told me they wanted ten thousand or one thousand. 
 
 Q. How many men altogether have they told you to get them? 
 
 A. I could not say that without looking over the books. 
 
 Q. Five hundred? 
 
 A. They got all they wanted all they asked for. 
 
 Q. Three hundred? 
 
 A. If they asked for three hundred they got three hundred, and if 
 they asked for five they got five. 
 
 Q. You have sent up three hundred men? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Did you have any difficulty in getting them? 
 
 A. Well, some of them refused and some did not. 
 
 Q. Why did they refuse those who refused? 
 
 A. Some of them said they didn't want to go and work up there 
 they heard there was a strike on there and they didn't want to go there. 
 
 Q. Where did they hear it? 
 
 A. It was in plain English language in front of Murray & Ready's 
 office on a bulletin board. 
 
 Q. When did you put it there? 
 
 A. I didn't put it there. The labor unions put it there to boycott 
 not that has been the means of keeping men away. It has kept some 
 away and I have sent others up there. 
 
 Q. It makes an addition to your business? 
 
 A. An addition to the business of the Union Lumber Company. 
 Scores of men never knew there was a Union Lumber Company before, 
 and have been induced to work there. 
 
 Q. Scores of men have been induced to work there? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. How do you know that? 
 
 A. Some have gone up there and said how they came to go there 
 the Union Lumber Company said so to me. 
 
 Q. The Union Lumber Company said so to you and therefore you 
 knew it? 
 
 A. I know it as a matter of fact, that three did because that three 
 men told me so themselves. 
 
 Q. Three is not very many. 
 
 A. I will say three that I know of. 
 
 Q. From a man who has been handling big figures like you, three 
 does not strike me at all. 
 
 A. And from information I received from others I know a great 
 many went up there. 
 
 Q. How much have you been paying those men? 
 
 A. From $35 a month up they are for different work. Common 
 laborer is $35 a month and board. 
 
 Q. For how many hours a day. 
 
 A. Ten hours. 
 
 Q. You have not had much difficulty in getting men? 
 
 A. I told you if they Avanted twenty, they got twenty; and if they 
 wanted ten, they got ten. 
 
 Q. There was not so much difficulty then? 
 
 A. Not so much difficulty, no. 
 
 Q. All the advertisements you have been publishing are equally 
 as truthful as the one we have been dealing with this afternoon? 
 
 A. What advertisements are you alluding to? Then I will talk 
 about them". 
 
 38 
 
Q. I will give you the benefit of a blanket statement. All your 
 advertisements. 
 
 A. All my advertisements are true; I know that they are true. 
 
 Q. They are absolutely true? 
 
 A. They are absolutely true, yes. 
 
 Q. How much are you spending per annum for your advertise- 
 ments? 
 
 A. I could not say. 
 
 Q. So large a sum that you could not carry the figures around 
 with you? 
 
 A. I could not eay; and it would be poor business for me to tell 
 what my expenses or what my profits are. 
 
 Q. I don't care about your profits. 
 
 A. I know that I am paying the Examiner about $100 a week 
 and the Chronicle and Call about the same. I think I am paying about 
 $300 a week for advertising in the papers. 
 
 Q. Then in this congested labor market you are paying $300 a 
 week to advertise for men? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Do you advertise in the Eastern cities? 
 
 A. Well, don't you think you are going a little bit too far to aak 
 that? 
 
 Q. No; I do not. 
 
 A. Well, I do, sir. 
 
 Q. How much do you spend there? 
 
 A. I would answer that question by saying about the Eastern 
 cities that I, like many other business men in San Francisco, will 
 contribute money that the city can be circulated in the editorial and 
 other papers, showing the benefits of the State, to get the Eastern 
 people to come out here make a boom for the State. Yes, sir; I spend 
 a great deal of money for that. 
 
 Q. Aren't you just a little bit ashamed of yourself to persuade 
 people to come out here among these thousands of men unemployed. 
 
 A. No. I am not spending money in the East to get labor to 
 come out, but people to take the land and build up our State. 
 
 Q. You didn't have in mind that sort of thing, did you, when you 
 advertised for specific persons such as mentioned here? 
 
 A. Do you mean do I advertise in any Eastern papers for help 
 wanted ? 
 
 Q. Yes. 
 
 A. No, I don't. 
 
 Q. Is this $3600 or $4000 dollars a month all you spend for ad- 
 vertising or help wanted? 
 
 MB. MOORE: You don't have to answer that. 
 
 A. I don't want to answer that. 
 
 MB. LIVERNASH: I think the Arbitration Committee will rule 
 otherwise, but I don't want to bother about it. I think it is iportMit 
 to know what this man pays for advertising in tht market that he 
 represents to be congested. That is all. 
 
 MB. MOORE: That is all. 
 
 39 
 
40 
 
I 
 
 CHRONICLE,- TUESDAY, -AUGTJST 4, 1903. 
 
 WORDY WAR AT 
 THE HEARING 
 
 Criticism of the Labor 
 Unions by a Witness 
 Causes Long Wrangle. 
 
 iSAYS WORK1NGMEN ARE 
 
 DRIVEN OUT OF CITY. 
 
 Case of the Company to Be 
 Completed To-Day and the 
 Matter Will Go Before the 
 Board at an Early Date. 
 
 At the- carmen's arbitration hearing 
 yesterday retorts, courteous and 1 .at 
 times discourteous were exchanged with 
 great frequency:. The trouble began 
 when AtloThey Moore, for the United 
 Railroads, presented in evidence the 
 statement ot ; Herbert V. Ready of the 
 firm of Murray & Ready, employment 
 agents, to the effect that the supply of 
 labor in the San Francisco market is 
 greater than the demand and that on 
 one week's no;;ce 1000 men, capable of 
 running street cars, could be easily ob- 
 tained for work in this city. 
 
 Attorney Livernash objected to this 
 statement being offered in evidence un- 
 less the affiant was. subjected to cross- 
 examination. He stated that he be- 
 lievjd Ready, to be an unscrupulous 
 man, who conducted his agency on un- 
 businesslike' lines, and that he was dis- 
 tinctly an enemy of trade-unions in this 
 city. 
 
 Moore stated that he would produce 
 the witness, and Ready was on hand at 
 the afternoon hearing, evidently primed 
 for a wordy encounter with the irate at- 
 torney for the carmen, After a little 
 preliminary sparring Livernash started 
 the trouble. 
 
 * "Your establishment is the headquar- 
 ters in. this city for 's<:abs/ is it not?" 
 
 nquired the attorney. 
 
 "I don't know what a 'scab' is/' re- 
 plied'; the witness. 1 "I wish that you 
 would tell me." 
 
 "Well/ never mind *bout that. The 
 fact of the matter is that you are at 
 present under arrest -for defrauding per- 
 sons seeking employment by misrepre- 
 senting conditions in order to cause 
 them to go to work, are you not?" 
 
 SAYS HIS IS A TEST CASE. 
 
 "No, I am charged with violating a 
 so-called law because I got men to woVk 
 for the Union Lumber Company in Men- 
 docina county, where there is a strike 
 or a lockout at present. The unions 
 caused my arrest and I am testing the 
 law." 
 
 'How many, men go into your office 
 seeking work in a day?" 
 
 'On an average from 3000 to 4000." 
 
 'Are you. speaking the absolute truth 
 when you say that?" 
 
 'I am as truthful asi they make them," 
 calmly replied Ready. 
 
 "Well, you sometimes need the police 
 to manage a crowd like that, do you 
 not?" \ 
 
 "Well, we only need the police when 
 demagogues and walking delegates 
 come around the place. They make a 
 business of making crouble." .*" 
 
 "You do not know what a 'scab' Is, 
 b'ut you do know a demagogue when 
 you see one?" demanded the attorney. 
 
 "Sure, I know what a demagogue is/' 
 admitted the witness, looking steadily 
 at Livernash. 
 
 Finally affer a statement from Liver- 
 nash that he believed the witness 
 thought him to be a demagogue, Ready 
 said that so long as the attorney ad- 
 mitted it, he believed 1 he was. 
 
 "And yoa think labor agitators want 
 to run everything, do you not?" asked 
 the carmen's attorney. 
 
 "Well, pretty much." 
 
 "Are they bad citizens?" 
 LABOR SUPPLY EXCEEDS DEMAND. 
 
 "A good many are not citizens at all," 
 replied the witness. 
 
 Livernash waived the matter, and in- 
 quired of the witness if the supply of 
 ordinary labor in San Francisco ex- 
 ceeded the demand, to which he received 
 an affirmative answer. 
 
 "Well, what -do you consider the rea- 
 son for that?" asked the attorney, 
 
 "The reason is due to unions. A man 
 cannot get work in this city unless he 
 belongs to a union, .and to join one he has 
 to pay from $10 to $15. When he tries to 
 go to work on a job he is told thatxonly 
 union men are employed and that^he 
 cannot have work. The result is that<. 
 thousands of working men are each 
 year forced to go. into the interior to get 
 work, when they are eager to find work, 
 in this city. ^Millions of dollars are ly- 
 ing idle an the, banks because the in- 
 vestor's refuse .to-, use their money fo.r, 
 
'business purposes unless they can do 
 ^business without being interfered with. 
 It is for this reason that, while there Is 
 a great influx of men from the East and 
 from the Interior of the .State to San, 
 Francisco, the newcomer^ find' that 
 they cannot get work and are tfriven' 
 back to the farms, section work on the, 
 Railroad's and other interior occupations. ' 
 To-day there are more men*, seeking 
 work in San ; Francis*oo than there were 
 at this same tlrrfe one year ago, and the 
 cause of it all Is unionism^' 
 . '''You evidently do )nbt believe In 
 unions," said Livernash with sarcasm. ' 
 UNIONISM MAKING HIM RICH. 
 
 "They are making me rich," declared 
 the witness, in a voice that could be 
 heard all over the' building 1 , "but it is at 
 the expense of the working people of 
 this city. Every year I get work for 
 45,000 m-en, because It is known that I 
 am boycotted, for(cpnsidering one man 
 as -good as another, whether he belongs 
 to a unfon or whether he does. not. I 
 believe that any man' who wants work 
 is entitled to it, and as a result the cor- 
 porations come to me for help. But the 
 unions are so ftrong in this city that to 
 every thirty men that I get work for 
 here I am obliged to send 600 to the 
 country." 
 
 .* "And with 4000 men coming into your 
 office each 'day asking for J^g,- how 
 many union men do you get work for?" 
 .Inquired Livernash. 
 
 "Well, I get a few union jobs each day; 
 To-day I got three; and I do not aver- 
 age any more than that.". 
 
 The witness went on to explain- that 
 he believed in : unions-, so far as they 
 went toward 'helping 'the workmen at 
 ;their trades, but 'that he thought that 
 in Utis city; the labor organizations 
 "were completely in the hands- -of un- 
 prin,cipled : 'men, who us-e'd* them to their 
 :own- advantage.- In> response to' ques- 
 tions by Livernash ' the witness said 
 .that the unions were boycotting all 
 'who .opposed' them, and' hurting busi- 
 'ness generally, in such a\ way -that 
 they hurt the interests-' of -the- work- 
 in gm en. 
 
 REFUTES CARMEN'S TESTIMONY. 
 
 Most of the morning session of. the 
 hearing w^as- taken- up by the intro- 
 duction of a variety of statements 1 as 
 evidence. Attorney) -Mobrd^ read on'e! 
 which he had' compiled.' himself, show- 
 ing that when the carmen, were'testi-i 
 fying- to Jhe prices of certain dommadi- 
 ties the d'aily papers of the city "vv.ere 
 advertising the same .conttnoditieV 
 aJmuch lower fate. For instance, 
 \he carmen clajmed that cr^ajnery 
 
 42 
 
SAN" FRANCISCO CALL*, AUGUST 4, 1903. 
 
 GIVES HIS IDE! 
 OF 
 
 Employ ment Agent Says 
 They Are Usually 
 
 Foreigners. 
 
 
 
 Street Railway Arbitration 
 
 Proceedings Somewhat 
 
 Enlivened. 
 
 At the arbitration proceedings between 
 the carmen and the United Railroads yes- 
 terday a statement from Herbert V, 
 Ready of the firm of Murray & Ready, 
 employment agents, was read. In it he 
 itated that between 3000 and 4000 Idle men 
 visited the employment office very, work- 
 ing day in the week, and that he could 
 secure fn two days 1000 men willing to 
 work as motormen and gripmen in this 
 city. 
 
 Attorney Uvernash objected to the tiling 
 of Ready's statement on the grounds that 
 it was incompetent and irrelevant. Liver- 
 nash also said that Ready was an un- 
 scrupulous man, opposed to trade union- 
 ism. He wound up his objection by re- 
 questing that Ready be produced at the 
 afternoon session for cross-eamination. 
 
 The employment agent was on hand as 
 requested and Lrivernash's first question 
 was: 
 
 "Your place is the headquarters for 
 scabs, Js it not?" 
 
 "I don't know the meaning of the word 
 .'scab,'" answered the witness, seemingly 
 bristling for a fight. 
 
 ( -"Well, you will know 'before I get 
 through with you," Livernash assured 
 'hJm. 
 
 THOUSANDS ASK WORK. 
 
 "I must admit I have heard tha word 
 used on the street," said Ready. 
 Continuing , under cross-examination, 
 i Ready said that between .90,000 and 100,000 
 men, called last month at his employment 
 office. ,Livernah tried, to get Ready t6 
 retract this statement; but the employ 
 ment agent could not be shaken. 
 
 "Well, if you have so many men calling 
 
 .,th*re, I suppose you ?ieed quite a force of 
 
 pclice to keep.ther" n order," said Liver- 
 
 "No. I have no trouble with the men at 
 all," replied Ready. "Once in a while, 
 however, I have ':> call a police officer 
 and get him to remove a demagogue from 
 the sidewalk." 
 
 "What do you call a demagogue?" asked 
 Livernash. 
 
 After deep study Ready replied: "I 
 think a demagogue is a man that raises 
 trouble. He does not know his own busi- 
 ness, and tries to meddle in other peo- 
 ple's." 
 
 "I like to see a man work by the sweat 
 of his hands and brow," continued the 
 witness. "I like to see a man make an 
 honest living by work, even if it is by tho 
 pick and shovel." 
 
 "When did you last work with a pick 
 and shovel?" asked Livernash with a 
 sneer. 
 
 "I struck San Francisco sixteen years 
 ago with just $1 in my pocket." replied 
 Ready proudly. "I had a roll of blankets 
 and I worked for a while with a pick and 
 shovel in the streets of San Francisco for 
 $2 a day." 
 
 USUALLY TJOT CITIZENS. 
 
 Livernash turned back again to the 
 many thousands of men that visited 
 Ready's office looking for -work. He 
 warited to be informed how the place was 
 kept 'n order with such vast crowds of 
 men visiting there. 
 
 "Oh, I told you before," said Ready, 
 "the only trouble we have is with dema- 
 gogues and occasionally some poor, old 
 drunk that floats in." 
 
 ! "Well, you must think the demagogues 
 pretty bad citizens, do you not. Mr. 
 Ready?" he was asked by the- carmen's 
 .counsel. 
 
 "The trouble of it is that a great num- 
 ber of them are not citizens at all," was 
 the witness' quick reply. 
 
 Ready was on the witness stand all th* 
 afternoon and bitterly complained of trade 
 unionism as a hindrance to the State. He 
 said that thousands! of men were forced 
 out into the country and compelled to 
 work poking fruit and doing rough rall- 
 ,road work, when they would like to re- 
 'main in'ihe city. He said that these men 
 were forced out of the city, as-they were 
 unable 'tu put up the $10 or $15 necessary 
 ^t'o gain nn~ admittance to a trade union. 
 
 UNIFORMS ABE CHEAPER. 
 
 Ready said also that the officials of the 
 Union -Lumber Company at Fort Bragg 
 had sent to him for men to take the place 
 of the locked-out millmen and that he had 
 no difficulty in getting men to pro up there 
 and take the places of the strikers. Ho 
 also said that, could he be assured police 
 protection, he could get at nny time 1000 
 men to take the places of the carmen in 
 this city. He said that should he adver- 
 tise for 1000 carmen thousands of farm- 
 hands and others employed in the coun- 
 try" wjiuld come to th<a city at once. 
 
 43 
 
EXAMINER, SAN FRANCISCO, AUGUST 4, 1903, 
 
 Herbert V, Ready Tells Arbi- 
 tration Commission How He 
 Proposes to Raise 1,000 
 Platform Men in This City, 
 
 /Admits He Was Recently Ar- 
 rested on Charge of Fraud- 
 ulently Misrepresenting La- 
 bor Conditions in Mendbcino, 
 
 Herbert ,V. Ready, an employment and 
 labor agent of this city, testified before the 
 etreet carmen's : Arbitration Commission 
 yesterday in support of the contention of 
 the United Railroads that' the supply ex- 
 ceeds the demand for the quality .of. labor 
 performed by the platforpi men in the com- 
 pany 'p employ. There was introduced in 
 evidence a written statement by Ready set- 
 ting forth that from 3,000 to 4,000 idle men 
 visited" the offices of Murray & Ready daily 
 in search of employment; The witness gave 
 it as his opinion that with a week's notice 
 he could ra-lse 1,000 men competent and 
 willing to take the places of platform men 
 who might be unwilling to work at the pres- 
 ent rate of wages. 
 
 Congressman Livernash, representing the 
 carmen, demanded that Ready be produced 
 for cross-examination. He objected to the 
 ^statement offered in evidence on the ground 
 that Its author was "an unprincipled and 
 unscrupulous man, whose employment 
 agency is conducted along lines unfriendly 
 to trades unions." The company's counsel, 
 Mr. Moore, acceded to Mr. Livernash's de- 
 mand and produced the witness in person. 
 
 After some preliminary questioning upon 
 the number of applicants for work to be 
 found In the establishment conducted by the 
 witness at various .hours of the day and 
 night, Mr. Livernash inquired: "Is not your 
 establishment the headquarters for scabs 
 in this. town?" This opened a two-handed 
 discussion. Ready declared with emphasis 
 
 that he did n \now the meaning of the 
 word used by ^. msel. He called upon 
 heaven to.witnei.~- t^.t he made no distinc- 
 tions between men, \v ^re" 1 they members of 
 a union or not, bu' tha^ his offers of em- 
 .ployment were opeu to all who could "nil 
 the bill." .The fact "hat he had been ar- 
 rested within the pa~t six months on v a 
 charge of swindling cu. tomers by misrep- 
 resenting the labor condi'ions in Mendocino* 
 county ought not to count, against him, he 
 thought. . He was prepared to show by his 
 attorney that the courts had 0,0 jurisdiction 
 of that matter. It was nqt true, he said, that 
 he had told au "Examiner" representative 
 there was no strike at Fort Bragg. "The 
 Examiner" man applied for work in the 
 Mendocino lutnber camps and was told he 
 could go to work foi* the L. E. White Com- 
 pany. "He was engaged by my brother," 
 said the witness, "and was informed there 
 was a strike up there." 
 "How do you kno\v he was told that?" 
 asked Congressman Livernash. 
 
 "Because rny brcthfer told me so, and my 
 brother's word ts as good as the gods in 
 heaven," replied the witness with much 
 fervor. 
 
 THIS AVHOLE POPULATION. 
 
 According to figures supplied by the wit- 
 ness from 25,000 to 25,000 idle men ap- 
 plied to him every week ^cu- employment. 
 By arithmetical computaiion Mr. Liver- 
 nash discovered that about one-third the 
 population of San Francisco visited the 
 witness in his business capacity during the 
 month, while the total for a year must 
 reach seven figures. Ready did not dis- 
 pute the accuracy of these calculations. 
 He v;ai asked: v 
 
 "With such a crowd as that yoti must 
 need the police around to.' clear the 
 streets?" 
 
 "No, we don't need them, except when 
 labor agitators and demagogues come 
 around. Then we have them removed by 
 the law," was the reply. ' 
 ' The witness denied that he was an 
 enemy of the unions. He explained, that 
 he regarded trades-unionism as all right, 
 when freed from labor agitators, dema- 
 gogues and leaders. He defined a dema- 
 gogue as a person who didn't know his 
 o\vn business but was always meddling 
 with the affairs of others. "Unions are all 
 right when they band together for the 
 good of their trades and give themselves 
 better service, but when tiiey interfere 
 with your business and mine they are all 
 wrong, sir, 1 ' declared Ready. He was 
 aware his employment agency was not 
 looked kindly upon by the unions, but he 
 regarded that as* rather fortunate" .than 
 otherwise. "They are advertising us," he 
 said. "They are turning the wealth of the 
 employers into the hands of Murray & 
 Ready, sir." 
 
 The cross-examination lasted all after- 
 noon. Congressman Livernash elicited the 
 I'a'.-t that while the witness declared he 
 could gut 1.000 men for the United Rail- 
 roads in two days in the face of a boycott, 
 lu> Uric! so tur yecurecl but 300 men for the 
 lumber camps at- Fort Bragg. 
 
 44 
 
( From The Bulletin, Nov. 4, 1903) 
 
 Ten Per Cent to Employes of Two 
 
 Years' Standing and Five to 
 
 Those of Less, 
 
 NEW YORK. Nov. 4. The decision of the commission in the 
 San Francisco street railway wage arbitration, handed down today, 
 awards an increase of 10 per cent in wages to employes of two years* 
 standing and of 6 per cent to those of less service. Hours were left un- 
 changed and the wage rate Was deemed effective from May 1, 1903, to 
 May 1, 190. The award was written .by Oscar Strauss and assented 
 to by W. D. Mahon, Colonel Patrick Calhoun declining to concur. 
 
 The award finds that the wage standard on the Pacific slope and in 
 San Francisco is higher than elsewhere in the United States, and that 
 there has been an advance in the cost of living since April, 1902. Re- 
 ferring to the findings of the Anthracite Strike Commission, Commis- 
 sioner Strauss expresses his hope and expectation that the award will be 
 binding for many years to come. 
 
 The case was of far-reaching importance, interesting directly more 
 than 3,000 employes of the United Street Railways of San Francisco 
 and indirectly employes and trades union men throughout the country. 
 
 45 
 
THE BULLETIN: EVENING, NOVEMBER 4, 1003. 
 
 Board of Arbitration at the East 
 Adjusts Differences Between 
 the United Railroads Com- 
 pany and Employes, 
 
 HIGHER WAGES, BUT 
 
 HOURS ARE THE SAME 
 
 Union Leader and Railway Peo- 
 ple Declare That They Will 
 Abide by Findings Handed 
 Down by the Board, 
 
 Peaceful settlement of the differences be- 
 tween t.he United Railroads and the car 
 men under their employ marks 'an epoch 
 in the labor situation in 'the West. It Is 
 looked upon .by students of the situation 
 &9 the beginning of the end of strikes on 
 this Coast. The acceptance df the situa- 
 tion 'amocably by both employers and men 
 is regarded as a- healthful Indication in 
 the vast and complicated problems that 
 assail the relations .of capital- and labor 
 today 
 
 Neither side got what It aske$ for, so 
 \he arbitration is what its name signifies, 
 & compromise. It took three months of 
 headted argument and of expert testimony 
 before both sides were willing to submit 
 their capes- to the board The hearings 
 were held in this city, and while they con-' 
 tlnued the public was dally instructed as 
 to all detail* of wage? and living among 
 conductors, gripmen and motormen of the 
 city The prices of food, clothing fuel, 
 rent and other necessaries wa& carefully 
 considered. The railroads submitted elab- 
 orate tables showing the costs of opera-l 
 tion as well as the items of Income. 
 
 A. A Moore concluctf-d the ca?o for the 
 railroads, ar.d the men were also repre- 
 rented by counsel, who spent about $400C 
 in prosecuting their claims*. They asked 
 for a flat raise of 33 1-3 per cent, with a 
 reduction in working hours from fen to 
 nine The reasons for Asking for the raise 
 were the general advance in the cost of 
 living in San Francisco, the relative high- 
 er standard 'of wages among skilled labor, 
 and the general increase in the prosperity' 
 of the country and city. The railroad 
 ccm-batted- their contentions by showing 
 that the United Railroad? paid higher ; 
 wages to its men than were paid elsewhere ' 
 In the United States to simi'.ar labor with ' 
 the exception of the wages got by the car ! 
 men of Butte, Montana. Their attorney j 
 spent many weeks advancing a line of ar- 
 gujnent -which he later abandoned and 
 which evidently had no weight with the 
 Arbitration, Board. He advanced seveial 
 radical socialistic ideas, claiming that the v 
 men should share pro rata in the income 
 of the company. 
 
 Three commissioners were appointed, 
 one by the railroads, one' by the men 
 a=nd a 'third by these two. The railroads 
 selected Patrick Calhoun, of New York, 
 a rich attorney who owns a large block 
 of stock in the San Francisco company. 
 These two decided upon Oscar S. Strauss,' 
 one of the best known men In the pub- 
 lic life of the East and a man of un- 
 exampled fairness and integrity. The 
 fact of his great wealth was not con- l 
 sidered an adverse reason for his choice, \ 
 as he has frequently proven himself a \ 
 5? d *v llWc ? r aloner the lines that con-' 
 
 SSSr H/ ^1 btWeen capital * 
 Xa? iS r ad been aPPO^ted United 
 States Minister to Turkey by PresldPr, 
 Cleveland, and. though a Democrat was 
 Continued in that office by President Me-] 
 Kinley. He is an author of ability aW 
 at present is a representative of *he 
 United States upon the international 
 Peace Tribunal. It was he who returned 
 the decision. ; , 
 
 Though the carmen spent $4 000 in 
 prosecuting their case, the money aS 
 going legitimately for witnesses and at- 
 torneys fees, 'which were necessarily 
 heavy, the United Saiiroads spent about 
 tWJe as much, and in the same way 
 The carmen raised their money by 6 ub- 
 
 SC h r f ^ 3nd Publlc ^ertainments 
 while the railroad appropriation came 
 from the general treasury. 
 
 The- agreement of both sides when they 
 submitted to the arbitration was that the 
 decision of the board should be final and 
 operative for one year, from May l i&os 
 to May 1. 1904. The railroad agreed to 
 make the award retroactive, so that now 
 the men will receive back pay at the 
 advanced rate, beginning May 1. This 
 will mean from $30 to $40 for each man.. 
 
 The carmen's wages^ up^ to the present 
 .Ime have been 25 cents an hour, or $2.50i 
 a day for ten hours .work. They will 
 now receive $z.75 a. day, If they have, 
 been in the employ .of the company two] 
 
 46 
 
'ears or more, and _$2.(?2 1 /fe a day^ if em- 
 ployed less" than "two years. 
 
 The whole feeling of the men may be 
 summed up in the expression of Presi- 
 dent Richard Cornelius, who said this 
 morning, when It was observed that some 
 concession, at least, had been made to 
 the men: 
 
 "Concession! Do you think Jt conces- 
 sion to give a man what he earns? They 
 have not even made that 'concession' 
 yet " 
 
 BY ARTHUR HOLLAND, jj 
 
 President of the United Rail- ^ 
 roads. 
 
 <$> 
 
 Assuming the correctness of your 
 press dispatch, which I will say 
 substantially confirms our official 
 advices, I can only say that, while 
 It will add greatly to~ our expense 
 account, and will tend to a .policy 
 of retrenchment, we shall, of course, 
 unhesitatingly cdmply with the 
 terms of the decision. 
 
 <$> 
 
 BY TIREY L, FORD, I 
 
 ^ 
 
 General Counsel for the * 
 United Railroads. 
 
 The railroads will abide by tne 
 declsiop. You may put that down 
 as absolute and final. Whatever 
 had been the decision the company 
 would have stood to it. 
 
 BY A, A, MOOftE 
 
 <> 
 
 Attorney for the United 
 Railroads. 
 
 I have nothing to say of the com- 
 pany's relation to the decision. I 
 conducted the case for them and do 
 not believe in speaking of my 
 client's business. They will set- 
 tle the matter now as It sems best 
 to them to do. The carmen of San 
 Francisco are already paid more 
 than those of any other city in the 
 United States, with the single ex- 
 ception of Butte, Montana, which 
 is high up In the Rocky Mountains, 
 where It Is difficult to work and 
 where all wages are abnormally 
 above the ordinary standards. I 
 think the carmen are exceedingly 
 fortunate In securing any advance. 
 
 <$> 
 
 <> 
 
 BY R, CORNELIUS, I 
 <*> 
 
 President of the Carmen's < 
 
 TT <> 
 
 Union. <> 
 
 Wt are men of honor and shall, 
 of ccurec, abide by the decision, as 
 we said we should. It Is not what 
 we expected. We asked for a 33 1-3 
 per cent Increase In pay with a 
 reduction from ten to nine hours. 
 What they gave us a raise of 10 
 per cent for two year men and of 
 5 per cent for ethers Is but a nom- 
 Inal Increase and but tittle affects 
 the point at Issue. We asked for 
 a Just reward for our labor, com- 
 mensurate with the money we 
 earned for our employer*. We have 
 not been given It. . However, we 
 shall abide by the decision. It 
 gives each of th. boys a little back 
 pay perhaps $30 to $40 ' and that 
 will be w6lcdine. -4f v>e- ha_d It to 
 do over again we would not choose 
 Mr. Strauss as the arbttralor. He 
 Is a rich man, a nr J I tl- millionaire. 
 Besides he Jives In the East where 
 conditions are utterly different from 
 what they are here. He. could not 
 be expected, to Have any sympathy 
 with the carmen of ^an 7 Francisco. 
 Yet we do no^k make any bitter 
 complaint. I onry hxjp the com* 
 peny will not discriminate against 
 the four-year men. They could 
 easily be discharged, when new 
 men are to be paid a cent an hour 
 less. But I don't think Manager 
 Chapman will do that. He 1 has 
 too much business sense. If he 
 does so we will combat him. We 
 will use the only weapon we have 
 and tie him, u. - 
 
 BY W. GOLDKUHL, 
 
 Vice-President of the 
 men's Union. 
 
 Car- 
 
 The men have put this through 
 with their best energies and have 
 no dissent to make from the de- 
 cision, although It does not award 
 us all we asked for. The present 
 scale Is operative until next May 
 and it Is safe to say there will be 
 no difficulty until that-time, if then. 
 We are sorry that other marT than 
 "Mr. Strauss was not the deciding 
 voice. If we knew all we know 
 now before we went to New York 
 there would have been a different 
 man But it Is decided and that 
 ends It for the present. 
 
 <$ 
 
 <> 
 
 47 
 
FRANCISCO EXAMINER- NOVEMBER 5. 1903- 
 
 Commission on Arbitration 
 Awards Carmen ok This City 
 An Increase in Their Wages 
 
 W, D, Mahon- and Oscar 
 Straus Reach Their Decision, 
 Though Colonel Calhoun for 
 Railroad Declines to Concur, 
 
 [Special by leased wire, the longest in the world.] 
 NEW YORK, November 4. The decision 
 of the commisison in the San Francisco 
 Street Railway wage arbitration handed 
 down to-day, as was told in yesterday's "Ex- 
 aminer." awards an increase of 10 per cent 
 in wages to men employed for two years 
 prior to April 1, 1903. and of 6 per cent to 
 those of less service. Hours were left un- 
 changed, and the wage rate was deemed 
 effective from Mayl. 1903, to May 1, 1904. 
 The award was written by Oscar Straus 
 and assented to by W. D. Mahon, Colonel 
 Patrick Calhoun declining to concur. The 
 award a.ffects members of the union only. 
 
 The case *as of fai -reaching importance, 
 Interesting directly more than 3,000 em- 
 ployees ot the United Street Railways of 
 San Francisco and indirectly employers and 
 trades union men throughout the country. 
 After a strike in April, 1902, the street 
 railway company and its employees decided 
 to refer the demands of the men as to wage* 
 and hours presented in March this year to 
 arbitration, and a commission \\as ap- 
 pointed, consisting of Colonel Patrick Cal- 
 houn, named by the company . W. D. Mahon, 
 President of the Amalgamated Association 
 of Street Railway Employees of America, 
 named by the men, and Oscar S. Straus of 
 New- York, selected by the other two. The 
 
 men asked for an increase from 25 cents per 
 Ijpur for a ten-hour clay to 30 cents per hour 
 for a nine-hours. 
 
 COMPANY URGED REDUCTION. 
 
 The company urged a reduction from the 
 prevailing scale on the ground that it was 
 already the highest in America for services 
 of a similar nature, four Montana cities 
 alone excepted. The men ^conceded this 
 fact, but declared that the cost of living 
 in Sau Francisco had increased 30 gr cent 
 since the 25-cent scale went into effect and 
 that wages in San Francisco are generally 
 higher than in other parts of the country. 
 The company claimed the increase was but 
 3 per cent An immense mass of testimony 
 \\as heard, the hearing lasting three months ' 
 and arguments were heard in this city last 
 month. For the employees Congressman 
 E. J Livernash advanced the argument 
 that the company's ability to pay the in- 
 crease should be considered 
 
 The award finds that the wage standard 
 on the Pacific Slope and in San Francisco 
 is higher than t-lsewhere in the United 
 States and that there has been an advance 
 in the cost of living since April. 190L', re- 
 ferring to the findings of the Anthracite 
 Strike Commission. In conclusion Com- 
 missioner 'Straus expresses the hope and 
 expectation that the award will be binding 
 for years to come. 
 
 \ ARBITRATION FOR J 
 
 LABOR A FAILURE 
 
 RICHARD CORNELIUS, pres- 
 ident of the local Street Car- 
 men's Union, who returned 
 from New York Tuesday night, had 
 this to say regarding tne decis.on 
 of the arbitration board : 
 
 "I was present durmg the entire 
 session of the arbitration board. 
 Mr. Moore, counsel for tne United 
 'Railroads, bitterly attacked the 
 street carmen's organization ,n San 
 Francisco and organized labor m 
 general. Among other things he 
 said that the street carmen in San 
 : Francisco were extravagant in their 
 manner of Jivmgt that they were in- 
 dolent, that they had built a wall 
 around themselves and defied any 
 one else to ccme.m. In fact, he 
 showed throughout his whole ar- 
 
 
 49 
 
50 
 
gume.nt the most bitter hostility to 
 organized labor in genera! 
 
 "congressman Livernash coun- 
 sel for tne Street Carmen's Union, 
 made one of the most brilliant ar- 
 guments in behalf of the street car- 
 men, but Mr. Straus, the tr.ird ar- 
 bitrator veryp lamly showed that he 
 bitrator, very plainly showed that 
 he was prejudiced against the 
 street carmen. 
 
 I am convinced that arbitration, 
 so far as the wprkingman is con- 
 cerned, is a failure, because the 
 cornpanjes will never accept a- 
 workingman as the umpire. There- 
 fore the workmgman must accept 
 an employer, who of necessity will 
 be .n favor of the employing class. 
 Therefore, I say, thatjso far as the 
 street carmen of San hrancisco are 
 concerned arbitration is a thing of 
 the past. We have spent a vast 
 amount of money, we have, clearly 
 established our right to the in- 
 crease that we asked, but Mr. 
 Straus, be'ng an employer of labor 
 himself, throws aside our evidence 
 that cost so much time and money 
 to accumulate, and if the reports of 
 the newspapers rre correct has 
 given us only a frac" on of what we 
 should of right have had. 
 
 1 iVly trip East was one of hard 
 work From San Francisco I went to 
 San Antonio and tried to adjust dif- 
 ference^ between the ra.lroad and 
 its employees. I was under orders 
 at that time from the national pres- 
 ident, Mr. Mahon, to investigate 
 the condit ons in San Antonio and 
 to report my findings to the general 
 executive board, which was in ses- 
 sion fn Detroit. I arrived in Detroit 
 on October 7th and sat with the ex- 
 ecutiv$ board untH October 11th. 
 From De-troit I went to New York to 
 part cipate_ in the arbitration pro- 
 ceedings Between the United Rail- 
 roads arid the San Francisco union. 
 While in Mew York my time was 
 principally occupied with Con- 
 gressman Liver nash, who was ar- 
 ranging the briefs to be submitted 
 to the arbitration commission." 
 
 THE BULLETIN: 
 
 Dissenting Member of Unitecf 
 Railways Arbitration Board at 
 New. York Files an Opinion 
 Giving Reasons, 
 
 NEW YORK. ' Nov,. 16.-Pa trick Cal- 
 houn of this city, a member of the Arbi- 
 tration Commission which recently award- 
 ed the ur ion employes of the Unit?d Rjil- 
 wa:>5 of San Francisco an advance ' in 
 wag s, today filed his disarm ns o^I..- 
 ton. giving his roa>ons <vhy no tjvance 
 should have b<en granted .The awfid. 
 however stands, the compan}- a-i-1 the 
 mm having agreed to accept the decision 
 cf the majority of tho commission. Mr 
 !nlhbun says that he believes there was 
 nothing in the (videncc to justify Jany 
 increase of wages and continue.?. & 
 
 "When it Is admitted that tnc United 
 Railways are already pay!::g a high rate 
 of wages; that this rate of wages is high- 
 er than that paid for the samo service in 
 the great cities in which l.vlng is more 
 expensive than In San FranrJsco. and 
 that there is an abundance of labor In 
 San Francisco seeking empio>mcnt at the 
 present high rate of wages. It -*<>ems to me 
 there is no ground for fuf.her advancing 
 the wages." ,<$$, --?_ '^tt^B^^s- > - * 
 
 He claims that testimony Rhowtng an 
 advance in cost of living of ;o prr cent 
 was -unreliable, that this ad\ame. based 
 on MQtlstlcs Of rroff.Mor 1'U-hn of the 
 University of *nlifornia of I the . five 
 months Of 1!>03 O\<r th^s f r rr]X'tlding 
 
 months of 100?. MHJ not rrorf> t)nn 9 per 
 cent, and that thin was mnrr than cov- 
 ered by the advance of 1.X fn 
 granted by the company In Aorft, 1902. 
 
 51 . 
 
SAN FRANCISCO CALL, MONDAY, APRIL 4. 1904 
 
 MOISTDAY, APTttl> V 1904 
 
 .MURRAY & READY, 
 MURRAY. & READY: 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 
 MURRAY &. READY 
 MURRAY &" READY. 
 
 MUBJt'AY & RKADY. 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 
 MURRAY & HEADY. 634 and 636 Clay St. 
 PHONE ^AIN-5848. 
 
 584S PRONE, 
 Lesdlng Employcient and Labor Agents. 
 
 TO EVERY EMPLOYER OF JL* 
 
 WHITE MALE HELP We can supply you 
 With white male b1p of alA kinds 
 
 Frtfe of Charge. 
 
 ., No syndicate too large, uo firm too 'small 
 for ug to supply: no objection to distance; 
 we ship 'good, help; phone, telegraph, write 
 or call In person and procure your help from 
 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 WP vo employment 
 
 rn 1897 to upward of it.OOO men. 
 In 1898 to upward of 19,000 aien. 
 In 1880 to upward of 21,000 men. 
 In 1900 to upward of StJ.OOp toen. 
 in 1901 to upward of 37,000 men. 
 ' Jtt 102 to upward of 45,000 men. 
 IN 1903 TO; UPWARD OF UO.OOO MEN.- 
 ,03106 open 7 A. M. dally. 
 
 'Sunday, 8 fo 12 A. M. 
 HeJj> wanting work hundreds of places 
 Awaltiug your selection. Come, read our bul- 
 letin .boards. 
 
 Words ar> good, but only so rben hacked 
 by deeds. 
 
 IT) OUR PATR.ONS: 
 
 We- respectfully wish, to' call your special 
 ^attention . to the present condition of the 
 Jabor market. 
 
 We were' confronted, early last spring 
 with' a great scarcity of good. IB f*ct, any 
 class of labor, akilled or unskilled. 
 
 The groat, demand for help bad a tendency 
 to make labor stubborn, consequently we 
 were unable to give our patrons each excel- 
 lent serri,ce na we toave in former years. 
 MURRAY & READY 
 RETURN THANKS. 
 
 We are much. indebted to nil employers who 
 -tboronghlyunderstand the labor market and 
 helped us -to share- somewhat the- burden put 
 upon us. 
 
 GOLD CANNOT BUY HONOR. 
 
 The burden.' was not confined alone. to thp 
 labor market. Onr entire business was a 
 tacked b.y unscrupulous labor agitators a^d 
 demagogues, who demanded -tbat we shori' 
 hot supply certain employers wllh any b*jU'. 
 "What onn wo offer you." asked these *^rl- 
 lators, '/financially ~or otherwise,- to dlsjon- 
 tluuef supplying them with help?" Our an- 
 swer: "Gentlemen, there is nothing In .this 
 wprjd you or any one else has that wbuld pur- 
 chase from us the freedom the 'Constitution 
 b$:he United" States' has given us. We will 
 'forever supply all employers of help with 
 whatever help they may so desire. Likewise 
 xve will give to all applicants for positions 
 a'ny position he is competent to fill. Croed. 
 religion or politics, shall never be mentidned 
 in our oflBce^ wirl when you get through, agi- 
 tating at* retttrn to. honest work or go into 
 business for yourselves, come, to- us 'and we 
 will feever discriminate, but will try to make 
 a man' of you. A map amongst men, for all 
 ara equal before God and the law. That's 
 all, gntlcmpn. Good day." 
 
 - WE BELIEVE IN- 
 JUSTICE TO ALL, 
 
 Then (hey placed a boycott on our Business, 
 continued it for four months; Jbat when, they 
 , found, every employer of help, large aad 
 small, rushed right to us with their orders 
 for help aud stood as sojld as the rocks of 
 Gibraltar, ieeln& .we doubled our .business. 
 employing fourteen clerks, sent out 60,000 
 inou year 1903 they held 'up- tneir hands, 
 look off the foolish .boycott and declared that 
 they could uet.hurt rt Murray/'& Ready.' 1 
 WHO ARE TRUE FRIENDS OF LABOR? 
 
 Procure not friends in haste, nor break, the 
 ties of friendship needlessly. , 
 
 EMPLOYERS 
 
 YOU WELL REMEMBER 
 
 DAY AFTER DAY 
 
 WEEK AFTER WKEK. 
 
 MONTH -AFTER MONTH. 
 
 Many .othei*. -San Francisco employmcnv 
 agents tried 'to help these labor ngitntors by 
 distributing leaflets among the workingmen, 
 reading a? follows: "Notice We do not jsup- 
 ply any employer, firm or corporation who has 
 a ina.n strike on him." Advertised same la 
 all S. F. papers. Result: They soon found 
 many large and small employers of help bad 
 closed their business relations with sncfl 
 employment agents. 
 
 NEVER AGAIN, WILL THESE WEAK- 
 KNEED EMPLOYMENT AGENTS RECEIVE 
 THE PATRONAGE OF ANY EMPLOYER 
 WHO BELIEVES ALL , ARE EQUAL. ALL 
 HAVE A RIGHT TO WORK TOR A LIVING 
 WITHOUT THE DICTATION OF WALKING 
 DELEGATES, AGITATORS OR DEMA- 
 GOGUES. 
 
 IT'S AN ESTABLISHED FACT THAT 
 No employer of help knew or knows any 
 moment the.v will have trouble, as these labor 
 agitators make a business of making trouble. 
 
 No; they could not hurt us, because you, 
 <mr customers, stood so manfully at our back; 
 and for such we are ever grateful; hence this 
 letter of thanks, 
 
 SPRING HAS OPENED. 
 SPRING HAS OPENED. 
 
 After an exceptionally unprofitable winter, 
 to the .great ma-ss ,ot skilled and unskilled 
 laborers, we still jQnd upward of, 12.000 idl 
 men and boys In San Francisco. 
 
 CAUS~E. 
 
 It became evident early last fall to most 
 employers of labor to either close down or 
 curtail the employment of as much labor as 
 they possible could to remedy, if possible, 
 the great labor troubles which will take 
 place In tbe y.ear Lg04. 
 
 UNDISPUTABLE FACT. 
 At aft times the supply and demand regu- 
 late and -govern the labor market 
 
 BUT NOT THE AGITATOR, 
 W ALK I N G D ELEG ATE AND 
 UNSCRUPULOUS LEADER 
 OF LABOR. 
 
 He is bad, not that he was born bad, bat 
 because ho became bad very soon thereafter. 
 
 NOW THIS YEAR 1904 
 We- find him fighting for life or death. 
 
 HE- MUST PASS 
 
 Away for the benefit, not of the minority, but 
 for the majority GREAT MAJORITY who 
 are NON-UNION MEN. 
 
 JUSTICE. 
 
 ALL MEN ARE EQUAL BEFORE GOD AND 
 THE LAW. NO MAN IS ABOVE THE LAW, 
 AND NO MAN IS BELOW IT. OBEDI- 
 ENCE TO THE LAW IS DEMANDED AS 
 A RIGHT, NOT ASKED AS A FAVOR.' 
 
 52 
 
This year we will be forced into strike 
 after strike. 
 
 Not at the vote of the majority (tor the 
 majority of labor union men do not rote 
 'unless through fear) but by a eH^fe under 
 control 
 
 OF THE AGITATOR. 
 
 UNIONISM DEFINED. 
 All men hare right to form a union for the 
 benefit honestly derived from craft or trade 
 conpled with fraternal organization, etc. 
 Mi eh lasting good can be done thereby. 
 
 .BUT WHEN THEY SAY 
 Man cannot work beside them because he does 
 not Join their union, 
 EAT AT< SAME HOTEL, 
 WKAR SAME CLOTHES. 
 GO TO SAME CHURCH, 
 READ SAME BOOKS, 
 
 BELONG TO SAME POLITICAL PARTY, 
 FORCE ONE STORE TO CLOSE AT 6 P. M.. 
 ALLOW SALOONS TO OPEN 24 HOURS 
 
 DICTATE TO KVERY EMPLOYER OF 
 LABOR HOW HE SHALL RUN HIS 
 
 BUSINESS. 
 FORCE HONEST BUSINESS MEN INTO 
 
 BANKRUPTCY, 
 
 Deprive the son of fa honeit mechanic after 
 he has received a good education THE RIGHT 
 TO LEARN A TRADE, making criminals of 
 such boys, who eventually learns a trade in 
 SAN QUENTIN PRISON; 
 
 FORCE LAWS THROUGH LEGISLATURE 
 .(which ni'2 unconstitutional), city and county 
 municipalities; 
 
 Compel bb*h DEMOCRATIC AND REPUB- 
 LICAN PABTY NOMINEES andsbundifeds Of 
 fraternal organizations to put a union trade 
 sljrn ("similar to a taraale") on them; 
 FORCE MEN TO BECOME IDLE; 
 BOYCOT EVERYBODY WHO WILL NOT 
 JOIN' THEM; 
 
 fcefusw, men to Join their unions who pleaded 
 With money in hand to pay Initiation .fee, OB 
 a "pretext we have many members out of 
 YET refuse them the right to 
 
 Let th <"hurch 'irrospeotlv' of creed. 
 
 Let tfctf good wouu'n'fi Hubs of this country, 
 
 YF.A, LET EVERY MOTHER 
 From this -day on declare themst'lris openly 
 
 BEFORE GOD AND MAN. 
 Their determination to stamp out once and 
 forever 
 
 AGITATOR AND \VALKtXG DELEGATE. . 
 Then and nov until thru will our. your church ... 
 your bomo be safe, 'your children" will learn 
 a trade, not in & stale priso-j. but in, s 5nop 
 Ijj the: oity or town you reside, taking noiu- 
 to his mother his week's salary, which vrul- 
 inako him a better boy, youth. auU a man. 
 among men. 
 
 MURRAY & READY 
 ESTING LABOR LAW IN SUPREME COURT. 
 
 TVe are testing a most ridiculous law p&ssedx 
 by last Legislature. Synopsis of. same: 
 
 Should any employe, of h firm, corporation 
 or of any employer of "help sfrika for higher' 
 wages or for any other cause, you. or your 
 agents must tell the uxt applicant cause of 
 last man leaving you or of b!s dismissal. 
 
 Case is n6w in Supreme Court. We w.ill. 
 advise you from time to. time of success of 
 
 Thon&ands of our customers wish u to send 
 them, n full report pf our Mr: H. V. Ready's 
 testimony, tv;^> and* a half hours, fifty-live 
 pages, before United B. R. of S. F. arbitra- 
 tion case of U. R. K. versus Street Carmen'b 
 Union. 
 
 W* will send a. copy of r.eport to you. Con- 
 gressman Livernash was attorney for Street 
 Cannen's Unitfn. He knew more about the 
 labw :&o.w3t icit when he go.t through with out- 
 Mr. Rnady ttan if he had atudied labor all 
 bis life. 
 
 Just as soon as our own printing plant can 
 turn out same you will receive it. 
 
 Thanking yon for 1 all past favors aud await- 
 ing A continuance of eaine, very respectfully 
 yours, MURRAY' * 
 
 STAND WE TOOK Df,ALL FAST 
 RELATIVE TO EMPLOYER AND 
 
 THE 
 
 YEARS 
 
 EMPLOYE WE WJLI* FOLLOW 
 YKAR. NO CHANGE. 
 
 TJSIS 
 
 looneed to them, competent to do the work, 
 YJCT THE AGITATOR TURNED JTHEM 
 
 MURRAY & BEADY7 
 MURRAY" & READY. 
 
 DOWN: MURDER IS BAD-TO STARVE A 
 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 
 MAN WORSE. 
 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 
 FORCE CAPITAL OUT OF STATB % A>T> 
 COUNTRY: ^REFUSE TO ALLOW MAN TO' 
 TAKE A PARTNER INTO'fllS BUSINESS 
 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 
 CNLESS they say 8 o 
 Force" milkmen to striket cows, unahle to 
 uiilk'themselvi's, -suffer untoldtorture. 
 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 MURRAY & 3READY. 
 MURRAY A HEADY. 
 
 Force milk wagon drivers' to strike the 
 new born b*be lie? at sid? at mother, no nmk 
 in her breast to feed her. ftsprlng with, can 
 S-n DO milk from the cow th.- NEW BORN 
 BABE CAN DIE OF STARVATION. 
 Turns a once honest hard cvo.xk!ng man Into 
 HOEO mo work, map loses ambition). 
 STOPS EDUCATION. , -/> 
 
 STOPS CULTIVATION. POPULATION OP 
 STATE A\D COUNTRY 
 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 MURRAY & .READY. 
 MURRAY & RKADY. 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 
 FORCE MEN WHO FOR YEARS EMPLOY- 
 ED AND HELD PJEACKFl*L % RELATIONS 
 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 
 WITH his employe trf liht Mai. .. 
 FORCE MEN WORTH $5, $8. $7 DA* TO 
 etynd on samo "level-- with uien only^^orth 
 
 MURRAY & READY. 
 MURRAY & READY 
 MURRAY & READY 
 
 '"FORCE MEN TO SUBSCRIBE part at their 
 
 earnings (vvhic-K beJoug.'? to wif aud child) 
 to help defy laws of country. 
 
 THEN THEY ARE WRONG, 
 
 WRONG. WRONG. 
 
 Then unionism hr>corjos worse .toau 
 
 SOCIALISM., 
 EQUAL, TO ANARCHISM, 
 
 THKY nBKY THBTK GOD 
 
 AND BECOME 
 TRAITORS TO THElk COUNTRY. 
 
 fURRAY & READY. 634-636 CLAY ST. 
 
 ' -PHONE MAIN. 564S 
 
 Leading Employment and Labor Agents. 
 
 WK SPEAK 
 
 ITALIAN. GERMAN, SPANISH. 
 
 GREEK, FRENCH. SWISS 
 
 53 
 

 nited Railroads Refuses lo Grant 
 Demands of the Carmen 
 
 Employes Quit Breaking in Students 
 and Both Sides State Positions in 
 Relation to the Controversy. 
 
 .,,-, .^ PVELOPMENTS in the street- 
 ^ railway situation yesterday 
 I included a, refusal on the part 
 I J of the management' of "the 
 United Railroads to accede to the 'de- 
 rnand of the Carmen's Union that no 
 more students fee broken;' in- as plat-* 
 form men pending negotiations re- 
 garding the wage scale and other pro- 
 posals on the part of the men, tb,e sub- 
 mission by the compajiy of a new wage 
 contract carrying .out the term's of 
 the arbitration commission's award, 
 and, a reply to the union',s pro'posaH, 
 rejecting them in every material par- 
 ticular. 
 
 With this came a clear-cut statement 
 frora the company that, it had reached 
 the limit, in concession^, t? . its em- 
 'ployes, and plainly d-e.cJarfrig- that ttte 
 time had come when it must take a 
 firm stafid against encfpachmerlts.upqrn 
 /its rights and responsibilRreA. 'jh'a 
 statement -given out by General Man- 
 ager Chapman last night, defining the 
 company's, pdsition and declaring that 
 it is not the desire of the United Rail- 
 . roads to disrupt the Umion, and. that 
 jt wayits or.iy peace and fair treat- 
 'ment, there te ad^ed the following 
 very .significant statement:. "While we 
 do~not expect trouble, we are not un- 
 prepared for the worst," It is also 
 .stated that the conditions .of 'the CQm/- 
 pany's . offer must be accepted as a 
 Avriole. 
 
 The Carmen's Union held an ^execu- 
 tive meeting last night, at which U 
 was agreed to stand pat on their de- 
 termination not to ifreak in janymore 
 students and to /await some' action. on 
 the part'.oi* the company relative .to 
 1'nis refusal before bringing matters/to 
 a head. 
 
 It was also agreed lo go on TOith the 
 conference , relative .to the union's pro- 
 posals a*>d ' the agreement siiftmiued 
 by t&e-comtJany. in reply, provided no 
 ffort he .made by the company to in- 
 struct students. It was stated at the 
 meeting, however, that at least one 
 student haci received' instruction dtir- 
 ng th<* day, from inspectors of the 
 eoiripany, and this was stated 'by the 
 officers of the Barmen's Ur.iion .to be 
 fully as objectionable a^ the breaking 
 in cf men. through "union employes. 
 It was stated that developments .would 
 be awaited in this line; that the com- 
 pany has about twenty-five inspectors 
 and that it made no difference whether, 
 the company broke i men or members 
 of the union did so. 
 
 The union officials claimed Jast night 
 that no men had been broken in by 
 union employes since noon ,of yester- 
 day, knd that the students had been 
 pat off the cars by the members of 
 the' union. 
 
 Secretary Bowling said: "-We con- 
 trol the situation. It is now up to^tbc 
 company to take some action. None 
 of our mri have been discharged, er 
 laid off for not breaking in students, \ 
 The officers of the 'union gave, out^ 
 a statement last night relative to the' 
 reply to its demands. submitted by tfre/ 
 company yesterday. 'They express re-'- 
 gret at tho company's attitude and 
 take up in detail the points raised. 
 
 President .Richard Cornelius/ and < 
 Secretary- Treasurer J. H. Bowling of , 
 the .Carmen's Union called upon., 
 Manage/r Chapman yesterday morn- 
 ing;, in accordance with the instruc* 
 tions. received, by, them Tuesday night, 
 and made ?. demand thuf no* morv 
 students be broken in per ling nego- 
 tiations. The company declined to 
 consider this demand, ai|d at noon 
 orders .went out. from the unicp that 
 its members should; Refuse to instruct 
 students. These orders were , not en,- ; 
 tirely" ...obeyed., . In a number pf.iA-, 
 
 55 
 
stances new men sent out for instruc- 
 tion were kept on the cars throughout 
 the afternoon, 'but there were also 
 several instances where instruction j 
 was refused by the regnJar men on 
 th'e cars. These cases were reported 
 'to Manager Chapman, but no imme- 
 diate action was taken. 
 
 Etering the foYenoon there was one' 
 instance of conflict over the .attempt 
 to break Vn men. On a; Valencia-street 
 car, near Twenty- fourth, ' Joht\ ; Her- 
 man, a student, had been put on the 
 car for instruction. . The gripman 
 started a. controversy over the mat- 
 ter of strike-breakers, and v a number 
 of union sympathizers crowded^. into 
 the grirf space and assisted in 'hus- 
 tling Herman about and making mat- 
 tors gpnferarty uncomfortable for him. 
 One passenger," a big fellow, reached 
 over and punched Herman several 
 times. A policeman standing en the 
 Corner In full sight .of the assault 
 made" no attempt to interfere. 
 
 COMPANY'S 
 
 I Yesterday afternoon the company 
 forwarded to " the . union's officials, 
 president, Cornelius , and - Secretary- 
 Tjea^ufe-r Bowling,- 'Its* formal reply 
 to the proposals, together with the 
 new .contract agreement. The reply 
 is fcs follows: 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 Referring: to .voter letter of .the 2d to 
 the jiresM^ntl of this company, and to 
 the conditional form of agreement that 
 accompanied it, we join you in the hope 
 that sferttnis Controversy may be avoided 
 a.i?d that our relations during the com-' 
 in'g year or>a> be unstrained and, 
 pleasant. v 
 
 - We new make formal reply and-shbuld 
 .be pleased to hear from- you in answer. 
 either in writing, or in conference with 
 your committee.-' or in bi>th ways, as 
 you prefer.. Your praporsed agreement 
 is In ten section^. . The first and sec- 
 ond propose, arbitration in regard to 
 grievances or complaints. The third 
 does- away wUh the; wage .scale 'recently 
 fixed by Messrs Mahpn arid Straus, and 
 ti.e third alo relates to badges, suspen- 
 sJons/And uniform?. The fourth, fifth, 
 sixth, seventh and ninth propose differ- 
 ent runs, timo tables, hours and wage's 
 from those fixed by the award referred 
 to. The eighth 'section makes it obliga- 
 tory upon all employes eligible to the 
 union to join yovir union withfri : sixty 
 d0>'s, and makes it obligatory' upon the 
 company to "diecnar3:& all 'rjon-unlon 
 men who are eligible to th union. The 
 tenth provides that no employe of -this 
 company shall suffer -a redaction in. Ma 
 wa#es because of or through the 1 ., cpeifa- 
 tidn of this proposed conditional agree- 
 ment. 
 
 While we are /Ugain wUling ..to' Iea 
 to the arbitration. at present provided 
 i.ie interpretation of the meaning- of any 
 clause of the. contract we v m'ay enter 
 into, we can not leave to any form of 
 arbitration matters affecting employ- 
 ment and discharge: and while the com- 
 pany wllj treat directly with*- the duly 
 accredited 'Officers, ol\ the union under 
 tb* recognition .given last year, the 
 
 oiiir-ny can not treat with compiciints 
 oat involve the abdication of the m;m- 
 yyineru and lc-ga.1 obligations of Us 
 uislness. but must. stand by the present. 
 
 \VItLI. NOT UNLONIZE ROAD. 
 
 The clauses in relation to arbitration. - 
 aa well as the clause obliging employes) 
 to join the'- union within sixty days, in- 
 v,lviiir the abdication of this company 
 of its Rights and 'clinics in the m 
 mcnt'ot' its business, cannot be- a 
 to. 
 
 The company; as stated las*. y<?ar. run 
 no lawful right to yield to others th- se- 
 lection and dismissal of its pmployrv 
 and cannot indirectly divest itself of id 
 duty imposed by law. nor arbitral*.- away, 
 r.or surrender the powers necessary u. 
 perform thosft diuies. It., is our duty, as 
 we have stated, 10 seleetsteatly.sobTaiid 
 trustworthy men to operate our cars. 
 to make all useful rules ana regulatlona 
 to govern their, conduct, and to provide 
 satisfactory service to the- traveling pub- 
 li. And while the company recognizer 
 the right of every employe to belong to a 
 union, the demands of the association 
 limiting or. restricting the company in 
 the performance of its duty in the - 
 lection, retention 'or dismissal of e:n- 
 ployeo are respectfully declined. And we 
 extract the following trblh the report of 
 the Anthracite Coal Commission on this 
 subject: 
 
 The Commission adjudges and 
 awards: That .nb- p'erson sha'll be 
 refused employment, or in .any- 
 way discriminated Against, on ac- 
 count of membership or non-mem- 
 bership in any labor organization; 
 and that there shall -be no dis- 
 crimination against, b'r Interr'er- 
 Jerence with, any employe who Is 
 ^.not a member of any labor organi- 
 zation by members of such organi- 
 zation. 
 
 As to section 3 all employes can now 
 ride fr(.-e on thc-ir division on badges, and 
 can riilf; tree throughout the city when 
 in i'ul! uniform, and the company does 
 not st-e its way to change "this liberal 
 provision nor to go -further in -respect to 
 uniforms than to permit, as : at present, 
 platform men to buy wherever they 
 please, provided -they conform to the 
 Specifications of the compariy. 
 
 In section three you. further ask that 
 in case of the reinstatement of a mem- 
 ber of the union for alleged viola/tion 
 of any rule of the corppany he shall be 
 paid for time lost, provided he Is found 
 "not guilty'. 1 of such, violation. This is 
 the rule as provided by section seven 
 of the present agreement, but you' far- 
 ther ask that a board of arbitration 
 may decide .whether any of the com- 
 pany's rules ' have been violated. This 
 w'ould take from the company the power 
 to conduct its. own business, and to 
 this we can. not consent, 'but must abide, 
 by the present agreement .in this respect. 
 
 POSITION AS TO WAGES. 
 
 Clause ten will be .gladly acceded to 
 by us, provided the proposition with re- 
 gard to wages made by us later in this 
 
 'letter "is accepted. Clauses foar, rive-. 
 
 ,slk< seven and nine in your proposed 
 agreement cover wages, hours, runs and 
 tin^e tables, all of which have been lately 
 
 passed upon by Messrs. Mahon and 
 Str'avrtrlrt their,. award, arid the company 
 
 ..cah.Jijkft',. accede to the union's request,- 
 
 56 
 
in these respects 
 
 In view of the short time remaining 
 under the present contract, and of re- 
 ports of a lockout and reduction 'of 
 wages on our part; we desire to make 
 an open statement of our intentions as 
 regards wages and as regards the late 
 award. 
 
 Before announcing our intention in 
 this respect, it Is' -fitting to state con- 
 cisely the history of the past two years 
 bearing upon our relations with each 
 other. 
 
 When the United Railroads took con- 
 trol of its several properties on April 1,. 
 1902, it found the wages paid on the Mar- 
 ket-.street line 22 cents an hour, with a 
 bonus for long service. This scale was 
 one of the highest, paid anywhere. Tine 
 other lines taken'over by the compatiy 
 were paying a Jqwer rate and the com- 
 pany then .stated that these lower wages 
 would be raised to the higher Markct- 
 ftreet scale Nineteen days thereafter 
 a Mrtke occurred, and a demand was 
 made that the wages be raJsed to 25 
 rents flat, that being the highest rate 
 p?rd under the Market-street graduated 
 .stale The company conceded this de- 
 mand in full, although a lower basis 
 would it* was and is sure have 'Seen 
 practicable This increase was made 
 without any effort at a compromise 
 tiguret for the purpose of securing en- 
 tiro commitment among the men, and to 
 insure a prolonged period of peace. This 
 .xpcctatina was not realized wlt&jn six 
 months further trouble arose, snd on 
 Mnr:h 13, 1903 renewed demands were 
 made asking for a minimum rate of 
 33 1-3 cents per hou~r up to 50 cents per 
 hour The company considered this de- 
 mand most unreasonable, but agreed to 
 submit the same to arbitration. Inves- 
 tigation showed that the average wage 
 paid in 37n American cities was but ISVfc 
 cents per hou?' 
 
 HIGH WAGES PAID HERE. 
 
 ThirtN -seven days were consumed In 
 taking the testimony in the arbitration 
 proceedings and three days spent in ar- 
 gument in New York city, dn November 
 3d a decision was rendered by the ar- 
 biters, Messrs Mahon of Detroit, presi- 
 dent of International Carmen's Union, 
 and Straus of New York The other 
 arbiter Mr Calhoun of New York dis- 
 sented from the award 
 
 The arbiters -found that the carmen s 
 u.iges then being paid in San Francisco 
 u c r e from 10 to 15 per cent higher than 
 those paid elsewhere in America, except 
 on a f,ew small lines, in the State of 
 Montana but in s,pite of that finding to 
 M-isure prolonged industrial peace, the 
 award gave to the carmen the increase 
 hriein mentioned 
 
 These wages are unusually high, but 
 iru- award said 
 
 , have been largely 
 ir.fli:enced by the clesire and pur- 
 pose to establish a permanent 
 peace between the company and 
 its employes, to encourage a spirit 
 
 of mutual confidence, 
 
 , etc 
 
 increase volunteered by the com- 
 p-ar> whr-n it first purchased the prop- 
 ei ties was intended to secure industrial, 
 peace 
 
 The Increase three weeks later to a 
 fla\ rate cf 25 cents, being all your union 
 demanded, wa ; conceded to secure indns- 
 tr:ai peace 
 
 The increase granted .by the arbiters, 
 which constitutes our present scale, was 
 granted for the expressed purpose of 
 securing prolonged industr.al peace 
 
 The award of the arbiters is but a few 
 months old' We entered into a solemn 
 convention to arbitrate our wage dif- ! 
 ferences and though the result cf that 
 arbitration was a great disappointment 
 to the company and imposed heavy ad- 
 ditional burdens upon It, and while since 
 that time wages have been and are be- 
 ing reduced throughout America, yet ' 
 with the award, so lately made, itself 
 pleading for its continuance and for in- 
 dustrial peace, it Biould bt trifling with 
 the public to now^gfeek a fresh adjust- 
 ment of this scale became it failed to 
 comport with our own ideas, and thus 
 precipitate a controversy that must 
 vyork great injury to the city and incon- 
 venience to i-.-.o public. 
 
 GpMPANY DESIRES PEACE. 
 
 Three times this company has given 
 evidence' of its desire for industrial 
 peace and its willingness to pay for it. 
 We have passed through, the experience 
 of making a voluntary tender of in- 
 creased wages without any demand Jiav- 
 tn& been made therefor. It failed. 
 
 We have passed through the period 
 of yielding to the men e\ery cent of 
 wage demand they asked for It failed. 
 We have passed through prolonged 
 arbitration, in which an increase was 
 given to secure prolonged Industrial 
 peace. It failed. 
 
 During the last few months conditions 
 throughout the country have greatly 
 changed; reductions in wages have been 
 widespread. As testifying to this we 
 extract the following from John Mitch- 
 ell's recent advice that the miners of 
 bituminous coal accept a reduction of 
 Signer cent rather than strike to main- 
 tain! the existing scale. 
 Mr Mitchell said- 
 
 Jt is conceded on all sides that 
 the apex of industrial activity has 
 been reached and we are slowly 
 moving toward an industrial de- 
 pre c sion Th operators came into 
 the joint convention asking for a. ; 
 reduction in wages of 15 per cent. 
 Thi-lr proposition was opposed by 
 us with all tJv- inform^t^a '* n d 
 skill at our command As*U8n ul- 
 timatum from which they could 
 not be- muvcd th< y offered us a 
 reduction frc-m present .scale 
 prices of 5 53 p^r cent. 
 
 We know how hard It is to be 
 compelled to accept a reduction in 
 wages, but it is better to accept a 
 slightb lower rate and hold your 
 organization Intact, ready to take 
 advantage of any improvements 
 which the future of the trade may 
 show, than to- be forcc-d to accept 
 a greater reduction at the end of 
 a disastrous strike that may leave- 
 our organization so weakened and 
 demoralized that it wo-uld be un- 
 able to cope with the vast com- 
 binations of capital now engaged 
 In. the coal trade. 
 
 The maintenance of our present high 
 scale of wag*?s does not comport with 
 these conditions. The company, how- 
 ever, for the purpose of securing indus- 
 trial peace, avoiding interruption of its 
 service to the public, of securing steady 
 
 57 
 
58 
 
emp 
 
 employment to its men. of preserving its 
 deserved reputation as a liberal pay- 
 master, is willing to continue the award 
 of Messrs. Mahon and Straus, and in a 
 most -liberal spirit, though resulting in 
 some additional burden on this com- 
 pany over the present scale. 
 
 HAS REACHED LIMIT. 
 
 The company states explicitly that the 
 limit has been reached and that no 
 higher wages will be paid; that the 
 condition of the o/fer is that it must be 
 accepted as a whole, and that it brings 
 about the desired industrial peace. The 
 failure of either of these conditions will 
 relieve the company of any obligation to 
 pay the wages under the present award 
 after April 30th next. 
 
 The award of Messrs. Straus antf Ma- 
 hon gave no advance to men who en- 
 tered the company's service on or after 
 April 1. 1903. 
 
 Under a strict interpretation of the 
 award the wages from April 30, 1904, to 
 April 30, 1905, would be as follows: 
 
 No platform men entering the 
 company's employ on or after 
 -April 1, 1903. would receive more 
 than 25 cents an hour. Men em-, 
 ployed between April 1/1901,. and 
 April 1. 1903, would receive 26*4 
 cents, and men employed prior to 
 ' April 1, 1901, would' receive 27% 
 
 cents. , 
 
 ' It might be said that th* passage of 
 another year should, In fairness on a 
 graded scale, bring promotion to a high- 
 er grade. Taking that vkelv of the mat- 
 ter, platform men employed on and after 
 April 1; 1904. should receive 25 cents an 
 hour; platform men employed between 
 April I. 1902, and April 1. 1904, should re- 
 ceive 26% cents an hour; and platform 
 men employed prior to April 1, 1902, 
 should receive 21^ cents an houf. 
 
 A sliding scale based upon the date of 
 employment rather than the arbitrary 
 date of May 1st would be decidedly to 
 the interest-of the men. The 25-ce-nt men 
 would thus gradually pass to- the 26 Vi- 
 cf-nt grade, and., in turn, the 26*4 grade 
 to the 27^-cent class. This would result 
 as follows: All employes to work ^it z5 
 cents an hour during the first year of 
 their employment. Those employes who 
 have been in the service more than one 
 year and under three years, to receive 
 26\4 cents, and those who have been In 
 the service more than three years, 27 Vi 
 cents. 
 
 THE COMPANY'S OFFER. 
 
 The co'mpany will stand upon the scale 
 of wages fixed by the award and give 
 still more liberal construction, and 
 will, after April 30th next, put into ef- ; 
 feet the wage scale as follows. 
 
 All platform men in the employ of 
 the company for a period of one year 
 and under shall be paid 25 cents per 
 hour. 
 
 All platform men in the employ of 
 the company from one to two years 
 shall be paid 26'/4 cents per hour. 
 
 All platform men in the employ of 
 the company over two years shall be 
 paid 27'/2 cents per hour. 
 
 All those in other departments 
 whose wages were affected through 
 length of service by the award to 
 >jave their wages readjusted on the 
 >asis of the award. 
 
 We' have reached a. place now where 
 we must respectfully refuse to consider 
 any demands looking to an increase ,-^f 
 wages beyond this. 
 
 We ask our employes to consider wise- 
 ly and well pjl that has gone before, and 
 we submit tne ca.se to them and to an, 
 unprejudiced public with entire con- 
 fidence that~thei: verdict will be that 
 we have acted fairly and generously 
 with our men. and believe they v,li 
 agree that we have reached a point be- 
 yond which we cannot go 
 
 DOES NOT SEEK TROUBLE. 
 
 We do not welcome a labor disturb- 
 ancewe have already made heavy sac- 
 rifices to avoid it, and to avoid the pub- 
 lic inconvenience and the distinct harm . 
 that must follow. 
 
 It is the desire of this company not 
 to be misunderstood. This offer of a 
 continued high scale Curing an era of 
 v.age reductions is made to secure in- 
 dustrial peace and avoid public Incon- 
 venience, and. failing in that, the oft'^r- 
 falls. 
 
 Under this arrangement 255 platform' 
 men now receiving 26*4 cents would im- 
 mediately enter the 27^-cent class. Be- 
 fore eleven months expired a total of 
 562 men would be so promoted Imme- 
 diately this scale goes into effect six- 
 teen men of the 25-cent class are pro- 
 moled to the 2614-cent class. During the. 
 next six months 195 more are .promoter 
 and during the next six months 221 more 
 26-cent men would secure simUar pro- 
 motion. This is a matter every mar.- 
 may figure out for himself and we invite 
 them to study well the effect of this 
 proposed scale. 
 
 The compajiy is convinced that this 
 proposition should be accepted as a 
 whole by its employes, and that this 
 frank and full statement will result in 
 a continuation of the present award, 
 broadened in its scope, as stated, and as, 
 shown by the contract annexed. 
 
 The company further suggests that. 
 this proposed contract be submitted to- 
 all of the men. to be voted upon by 
 them by secret ballot, that a fair and 
 full expression of their opinion may be 
 secured. The company feels sure that, 
 wisdom should prevail and thai the pro-, 
 posed contract should be ratified '\ 
 
 CHAPMAN'S STATEMENT. 
 
 General Manager Chapman 
 out the following statement- last' 
 night: 
 
 The carmen to whom had been as- 
 signed "the breaking in of students re- 
 fused to instruct them ;.f:cr 12 o'clock,.; 
 This i?. of course, ?. .willful disobedience' 
 of 1)10 coirp&ro's ir? tractions and a 
 clear violation of or.r contract Last 
 year they refr.sed" to ?:gn the cards or 
 studc-r.is who had bc-r<n "i)ruk<:-n in;" this 
 ytar they refuse to break t^em in at 
 all We" werv compelled to suspc-nd ;\ 
 number of good men last \ear in cor- 
 spquerce of their insubordination. This 
 matter will have attention in due lime 
 
 The answer and wage -proposal of the 
 company w*s fc<*r:d.u to Messrs Bowling 
 and Cornehub to-da> In their original 
 interview and letter these gentlemen 
 asked tr.Jtt the co:npany go into a con- 
 ferer.cc wiin the officers of the union 
 ', ,-tr the procured contract for the en- 
 Misr.s >r?sr. ai.d i his conference or- a 
 written" communication we expect in a.- 
 
 few d;o* 
 
 
 59 
 
in view of the very generous applica- 
 tion of the Straus award which the eom- 
 pany has announced, it is difficult to 
 see how the men. if given an opportunely 
 to express their views, can reject th'e 
 company's offer 
 
 In their letter to (he eomrany the car- 
 men expressed the hope that the "in- 
 oustnal peace" spoken of t\ Mr Straus 
 would be continued. Mr. Straus, in giv- 
 ing the carmen an Increased wage, said 
 he had "been largely influenced by the 
 desire and . purpose to establish a per- 
 manent peace between the company and 
 Us men," and said it was Jiis" expecta- 
 tion that the scale named by him would 
 continue for a longer period than one 
 year and that he hoped it wruld continue 
 "for years to com?, beyono the period 
 specified." Compare this plainly-state*! 
 and' broad-minaed sentiment with the 
 rather misleading languag of the car- 
 men. They express a strong desire for 
 the character of industrial peace hoped 
 for by Arbiter Straus, whom they then 
 suddenly desert and set up an entirely 
 new and more onerous set of terms as 
 the peace basis. 
 
 MUST END SOMEWHERE. 
 
 Surely this sort of thing must end 
 somewhere. The, award gav^ the increase 
 for "permanent peace." We have been 
 paying, and paying well, for "permanent 
 peace." Now it appears that the elusive 
 thing called "peace" has disappeared. 
 The men, accepted the award upon the 
 terms stated in the award and a resolu- 
 tion, of the union has declared, *"th^ 
 members of the Carmen s Union have 
 received 1125,000 additional .money under 
 the award// They do^ not propose that 
 ' permanent industrial peace" shall ex- 
 tend longer than five months, for only 
 five months ago the awartL was written. 
 
 The public should not be>- misled into 
 believing the position ' of the union 
 leaders to be accidental. It has been 
 under way and preparing ever since the 
 fcWard was published. From all sides 
 We have heard threats to "do us up i;i 
 (Spring,", and though at first inclined 
 to- discredit these tales we were finally 
 forced to believe that a" socialistic mi- 
 nority were determined at any cost to 
 renew hostilities in tho spring, and 
 these are the same men who are now 
 cornplaining that the company is en- 
 deavoring to "disrupt the union." and 
 demand that we stop "breaking in" 
 students. 
 
 No fair conception of the conditions 
 we have been living under can be con- 
 Veyed to -the public in a single interview. 
 
 At no time within my knowledge has 
 this company been' free from attacks 
 \fter conceding all the men demanded 
 in 1902. the attacks broke out almost im 
 mediately and continued up to the arbi- 
 tration. While arbitration was in prog- 
 ress we \\ere told what would "happen 
 to us" in the spring. While it was be- 
 ing argued at New York, the arbiters 
 were told that the San Francisco car- 
 men were "restless" and "apt to make 
 trouble ar.d precipitate an industrial 
 war." When we were at great extra 
 expense, attempting to work out the 
 increases due to the men for back pay 
 under the award, we were charged with 
 unnecessarily annoying the men' by pur- 
 nosely delaying. 
 
 A VOLUNTARY OFFF.R. ^ 
 
 The men had this back pay coming 
 because the "companj volunt/jrijy of 
 fered that whatever the awarj of thv 
 board should be it shouM date hark. 
 and for this, in a letter d&tetl April 13. 
 1903, the union said. "We thank you fo 
 promising that whatever wagts sh ;.!<. 
 finally agreed on shall take effect !? 
 May 1, 1903." Trten its officers n<i-;.n', 
 permitted these attacks but encoi'Htf"l 
 them. * 
 
 We have not had a rr.onth'A 
 within my knowledge, and thcxvor.if.ir ; 
 nagging the fcompany has beefT subjov s '" 
 to can only be ascribed to the element 
 that is misrepresenting labor union prin- 
 ciples and try'ng to make it appear that 
 we are hostile to all labor unions. 
 
 Our statements have been miscon- 
 strued and given a meaning never in- . 
 tended. Words and expressions have 
 been attributed to the company that*; 
 were mere inventions, and it is- Apparent 
 there will be no peace so long as this 
 element and not s tr'ct union men act as ' 
 the representatives of trades unionism. 
 
 With these conditions staring us in 
 the face a few leaders of the carmen 
 seek to vest in themselves the right to 
 hire and d'scharge our employes, for their 
 request in this connect'pn Is just about 
 the same as the demands of last year, 
 except that they are more carefully 
 worded. The public was shocked a year 
 ago at the demands. 
 
 They now ask that if a man be dis- 
 charged on the complaint of any passen- 
 german or woman that if the employe 
 feels that he has been unjustly dis- 
 charged, the citizen must be brought be- 
 fore a court of a-rbitors to tell h** or lirr 
 side of the story. Just Imagine th : s con- 
 dition of affairs. No one- would tin 
 complain no matter what the off< 
 might be. 
 
 CARMEN'S 1'ROPOSAL. 
 
 Section S of the carmen's proposed coa- , 
 tract in effect says: 
 
 1-Men whu have been expelled 
 by the union for non-payment of 
 dues 01 other reasons cannot re- 
 main in the company's employ 
 
 2 Men who are refused aduits- 1 
 sion to the union cannot \be em- V 
 ployed over sixty d.ivs. 
 By this section the l^aii^r* couM exer- 
 cise a supervision over every man tho I 
 company might hire and %eto tho hiring 
 by refusing to permit such men to join 
 the union, and miprht dismiss any ma:i 
 they chose from the company's service v 
 by merely suspending him or them from 
 the union. 
 
 To ii>!d to such a drniami woulil be t 
 subordinate the public service to a cou-^ 
 trol that could never be held responsible 
 for its. mistakes, would place tho com- 
 pany in the position of shirking its 
 boundeu legal duty, would disrupt too 
 service and produce results, the evils of 
 which must be apparent to every man or 
 woman who will give the matter a mo- 
 ment s thought Street railway servit-o' 
 is like no other service in this respect 
 
 In conclusion. I can only say we do 
 not expect serious trouble. iu>r do wo 
 want it. We do not exptct to nor do we 
 want to disrupt the union, we do wan: 
 peace, and we do want fair treatment 
 While we do not expect trouble, we ar> 
 not unprepared for the worst. We "are 
 willing lo^ive .up to tho award of the 
 arbiters ana have even offered to broad- 
 
 60 
 
en its scope, notwithstanding the fact 
 that wages are being reduced all, ovfi 
 America, and this. notwithstanding the 
 fact that we are paying the highest 
 wages paid on ea>-th on any equally large 
 system to men in similar employment/ 
 
 REPLY OF UMON. 
 
 At midnight last night the Execu- 
 tive committee of the Carmen's 
 JJjUon gave out the following state- 
 ment of Us side of the convention: 
 
 The reply cf the United Railroads to 
 the proposition submitted by the Cat- 
 men's I.'nion is decidedly disappointing 
 The union had hoped that the- concilia- 
 tory attitude it had assumed and the 
 tncderation of the terms of the agree- 
 ment submitted by it would have the 
 effect of inducing the company to cease 
 all warlike preparations and accept at 
 least the principle clauses In our agree- 
 ment and proceed to dispose of the minor 
 matters In conference Instead, the com- 
 pany has declined to accept any of the 
 new conditions proposed by the Carmen's 
 Union, and in tts very lengthy statement 
 giving its reasons for refusing to ap- 
 prove the union's proposition. Indulges In 
 considerable sop-histry with the evident 
 Design of misleading the public on the 
 merits of the issues Involved. 
 
 In declining to approve of the arbitra 
 tion plan proposed by the union, the 
 company tries to make it appear that 
 i he union is endeavoring to infringe 
 upon the employer's right to hire and dis- 
 charge. The provision submitted by the 
 union Is not intended to destroy the ad- 
 mitted rights of the company in this re- 
 spect and does not warrant the strained 
 construction placed upon It by Mr Hol- 
 land, ffad the officials of the United 
 Railroads dealt exact justice to their em 
 ployes during the ln,st year there would 
 nave hern little or fVo necessity for this 
 arbitration provision; but such has no 
 been the case. The severity 6f the disci 
 pline enforced has invariably been meas 
 ured by the standing of the accused In 
 ihe- union, and the union, in proposing 
 the arbitration measure, was actuatec 
 solely by a desire to put into operation 
 some* measure whereby the employes 
 tright be insured exact Justice wher 
 charged with infractions of rules or when 
 they presented grievances regarding 
 working conditions that were worthy o 
 redress. The provision covering this mat 
 te* was so drafted as to preclude the pos 
 sibility that it would be abuecd. or in 
 voketj at all except In important cases 
 
 UNION RECOGNITION. 
 
 The refusal of the company to effect 
 Ively recognize the union by accepting 
 the provision which removed ^11 barrier 
 to the union exercising full jurisdiction 
 over employes destroys the value o 
 everything: thr officials have said here 
 toforc and repeat in this statement con 
 cerning- their professed good will toward 
 tho union Thr compan>'s genera! man 
 ager and prcsidp-nt have repeafdly ?al 
 that (bey recognized the right of the! 
 emp!o>es to joir,. Oe union, but. a? 
 matter of fa-*! they have for some tim 
 past openly and ' formally refused t 
 consent to the exercise O f lhat right 
 even going so far as to require appli 
 cants for work to sign an a,fr r< "omcnt no 
 to join the union. 
 
 Under such circnmstanr os it is hardl 
 to be wondered at that the members o 
 the union seriously question the sincer 
 
 y of the general statements Messrs, 
 olland and Chapman make regarding 
 recognition" of the union and of th- 
 ght of their employes to affiliate 
 ith it. 
 
 In view cf the known practice of the 
 jnipany tn ufusing recently to hire 
 who would not profess anti- union 
 entiments and sign contracts not to Join 
 ie union the quotation from the award 
 f the Anthracite Coal Commission de- 
 laring against discrimination because 
 f the union or non-union affiliation of 
 mployes. savors of effrontery- 
 The provisions of Arbitrator Straus* 
 ward creating three classes of era- 
 >loyes aroused more criticism and ere- ', 
 tea greater dissatisfaction among the > 
 nen than any other feature of his de- 
 ialon. Once broken in and accepted as 
 a competent employe, a platform man 
 ommences to tender service to the com- 
 pany equal in value to that given by his 
 associates n the service .and no fair 
 eaon exists why he should not receive 
 ike remuneration. This fact is so evi- 
 dent that extended argument to estab- 
 it seems entirely unnecessary 
 
 FULL WAGE FOR PULL SERVICE. 
 
 In our proposition to the company tve 
 merely asked that all men performing 
 ike service should receive equal wages 
 and in fi-x'ng -the raie of wages we ac- 
 cepted Arbitrator Straus' figure .rather 
 than those we formerly contended for. 
 It will be remembered that the tcsti 2 
 mony given before the arbitration boara 
 ast year showed that the cost of living 
 had advanced at least 10 per cent (to 
 quote a very conservative authority), 
 and the wage rate proposed by the union, 
 i-; exactly a 10 per cent increase over 1 
 that in force one year ago, although, 
 as pointed out in our statement of yes- 
 ierday. the number of men who wou'd 
 receive an increase in the present rate 
 of wages is less than one-fourth of the 
 ccmpaXy's employes. 
 
 The company la.y'* stress on 'the fact 
 that wage reductions have recently been 
 made in various industries, and quotes 
 John Mitchell's advice to the coal Tnfners. 
 to accept 5^ per cent reduction In their 
 \vages These reduct'ons were avowedly- 
 made because of a fall in the prices of 
 the -products of the concerns making the 
 cuts in wages How can the United Rail- 
 roads fairly claim tha,t similar conditions 
 affect its revenues? As a matier ot 
 fact, the company's profits arc daily in- 
 creasing and conditions promise with 
 certainty that they will continue to in- 
 cres.e for some time to come. 
 
 The amendments of clauses in the ex- 
 isting agreement proposed by the union 
 are of minor importance. The changes 
 are very slight and that the company 
 should unequivocally refuse to accede 
 to any of them is indeed surprising. Th* 
 ilrst amendment relates to the privileges 
 granted employes of riding free on the 
 cars. They are now permitted to do 
 so on their own division^ when in full 
 uniform. The union asked that this priv- 
 ilege be extended so that employes might 
 ride on any of theciines on showing their 
 badge to the conductor. 
 
 WAGES FOR TIME LOST. 
 
 In regard to flaying wagps to men 
 for time lest while they were sus- 
 pended, if it \\us found that they hau 
 been guilty of no offense, a sim.ilar ruly 
 exists now. "The present agreement pro- 
 vides that a suspended employe shM be 
 paid wages for time lost If the officers 
 
 61 
 
62 
 
^S*5sSs 
 
 lliljffifjfi 
 
 Infill stt If 
 ! li^sfl^-^ 
 
 63 
 
UNIVERSITY ' 
 
 A.N FRANCISCO CHUONICLE, 
 
 THE SAM FRANCISCO CALL, 
 
 APRIL 25< 1904. 
 
 TFIE FND IN SIGHT 
 
 THE I'RESRM IXll CATION OF CMOMSM. 
 MUST PASS AWAY 
 
 V\i;hln a short time this city vcill Oe. plunged' 
 into the gr.atest labor trouble lo the history 
 of this or any other dl? 
 
 VYhat will be Ibp outcome? 
 
 Sherman said: War Is h -1 " If b were 
 fill re to. day he would consider the oolonism of 
 Son Frar.elsro worse* than Hvar. 
 
 The majority of Jo.-ulors of labor unions are 
 so unscrupulous In All their dealings as to be 
 easily roctigulzed as full -fledged anarchists in 
 everything but name. Their sole aim and de 
 sli> ?.-.-ms to be to pull down and destroy rather 
 than build up and foster. They care nothing- 
 for either the safety or conveuieivce of the 
 public or the welfare of those dependent upou 
 the ones under their control. 
 
 What do strikes bring men to? They tear 
 the honest, hard-working man away from his 
 loving \viff and family to do Iba bidding of 
 these unsci upulous agitators, even to defying 
 the laws, both of God and man: waylay the 
 honest non-union ruau, taking him by force 
 when honestly employed in bis occupation, lay- 
 ing bis bared arm upon the sidewalk and jump- 
 Ing uj'on It until it was broken nd trodden 
 to a pulp, using threats and other violence, 
 and in some cases even .murder; starves the 
 Innocent wife and' children, destroys man's 
 business and forces hluu into bankruptcy: prac- 
 tcally kills all commercial businasa and ad- 
 i-ertisos world wide the anarchistic tendenclea 
 for whl^h they are noted. 
 
 The preat mftjorlry of labor has tim and 
 again proclaimed. "Give them rope enough and 
 they will hang themselves." i 
 
 "We will wait and see them do It." has' 
 been the motto of the non-union man. for 
 after all the non-union men are the consprva- 
 tive men of this country, wbo ha** always 
 gained the sympathy of the public, and public 
 opinion can never be dethroned. 
 
 Whatever may be the catastrophe to either 
 Capital or Labor, in the forthcoming strikes 
 and consequent lockouts, we openly declare oor- 
 Si-Iros. before Gcd and man, that we will never 
 discriminate. 
 
 To the emplover so unfortunate s to have 
 these agitators "and walking delegates force a 
 strike upon them, our ufflce will b ever open 
 day and night to upply you with help yoa 
 need. ; . 
 
 To those more unfortunate because, when 
 hold in the srasp of these unscrupulous agita- 
 tors they \\ere compelled to do their bidding 
 by striking on their employers we extend /in 
 c-arncst desire ;o m.ike men of th<>ni and by so 
 doing we will place you side by side with non- 
 union men 
 
 MURRAY & READY: 
 
CARTOON i. WALKING DELEGATE demands that milkers strike 
 Cows unable to milk themselves, suffer untold torture. 
 
 CARTOON 2 WALKING DELEGATE forces milk wagon drivers 
 to strike thereby causing the new born babe, lying at side of mother with 
 no milk in her breasts, to die of starvation. 
 
CARTOON 3. Babe is dead. WALKING DELEGATE stops 
 funeral at roadside and would not allow drivers to proceed to the cemetrey. 
 
 CARTOON 4. Father of babe, assisted by friends, has dragged the 
 abandoned hearse to cemetery. WALKING DELEGATE again inter- 
 feres by refusing to allow grave diggers to bury the dead. Father's 
 appeal to WALKING DELEGATE has no effect. 
 
THE 
 
 CA i, 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, TUESDAY, APRIL 26, 1904. 
 
 Almost Unanimously theOperators on Cars in 
 City Vote to Reject the Company's Terms 
 
 By an overwhelming vote the car operators on the system of the Unit j d Rail- 
 roads voted yesterday that the final terms offered them by the company were not 
 acceptable. This does not necessarily mean that a strike is imminent, according 
 to W. D. Mahon, international president of the union. After the result had been 
 announced he t-aid tuat the matters in dispute would be resubmitted to the com- 
 pany in the hope that a more favorable ruling could be obtained from the United 
 .Railroads. In case all further overtures for industrial peace are rejected he says, 
 the employes of the United Railroads will quit in a body. When General Mana- 
 ger Chapman heard the result of the vote he declared that the United Railroads 
 would always be glad to go into conference with the accredited representatives of 
 its employes, though the terms offered them were unalterable. 
 
 OP/WIOW 
 
 APPEARS 
 DECISIVE 
 
 . 
 
 Vast Majority Say 
 
 That They JZre 
 
 Wronged. 
 
 Ballot Test Gives a 
 
 Chance for 'Ex* 
 
 pression. 
 
 With a negative vote that is almost 
 b.eyond the necessity of mention, the 
 men wtoo <*re running ihe street cars 
 
 on the Umte-J Railroads of'San Fran- 
 cifco determined yesterday that the 
 terms offered them by the company 
 were unacceptable. The result of the 
 secret ballot was 2031 against accept- 
 ance and 141 in favor. 
 
 The result was easily forecasted in 
 the afternoon from the remarks of the 
 voters as they filed into line. Still, even 
 the most hopeful of the radicals did not 
 look for such an overwhelming major- 
 ity in favor of a rejection of tho offers 
 of their employers. 
 
 This vote does not necessarily mean 
 that a strike of the street car employes 
 Is inevitable. International President 
 Mahon said, after the result had been 
 announced, that he and other repre- 
 sentatives of the union would g.o into 
 conference with the officers of the 
 United Railroads and try to obtain 
 some concession' un the disputed points. 
 He declared it was not the intention 
 of the union to force a strike and that 
 every effort would be made by himselt 
 and the local representatives of the 
 organization to obtain a peaceable 
 
 68 
 
THE RINGMASTER AND HIS DOG DO SOME DIFFICULT TRICKS This cartoon 
 expresses very plainly one phase of the labor situation of today. The union man stands 
 in his penniless home which is just barely supported from day to day by his hard earned 
 wages. The walking delegate orders him to walk out on a strike in sympathy with some 
 other union. If he falters, he is "persuaded" to do so with the threat of being expelled 
 from his union. The union man blinded by his confidence in the walking delegate does as 
 he is bid, often only to plunge into the depths of starvation. He has nothing to gain and 
 all to lose; but the walking delegate must make a living, (other than working himself.) 
 
- 
 
settlement of the existing difficulties. 
 When asked i-f the operators of cars 
 were still unsatisfied on April 30, the 
 date when the annual agreement with 
 the company is ended, what the end ( 
 of the trouble would be, he said: 
 
 "They will quit work, I suppose." , 
 
 General Manager Chapman, who is 
 the accredited spokesman of the United 
 Railroads, listened calmly when the re- 
 sult of the vote of the union was an- 
 nounced to him. When asked whether 
 ~>r not any further negotiations would 
 DC entertained from representatives of 
 the union he said: 
 
 4 'We have taken the publi^ into our 
 confidence in many printed state- 
 ments and generally it knows what 
 our position is on this last trouble. I 
 am not in a position to discuss the 
 fliture action of the company, but as 
 I have always said, we are willing to 
 entertain in all situations suggestions 
 from_our employes and their accred- 
 ited representatives.'.' 
 
 MEN GUARD BALLOT. 
 
 In the morning hours a number of 
 benches sufficiently protected the bal- 
 lot box from interference. Two men 
 sat constantly before the cylinder in 
 which the ballots were deposited and 
 carefully scrutinized the credentials of 
 the men who offered their votes. Be- 
 fore tfyem they had lists of the varimrff 
 '-operators on the different car^rtnes of 
 the city and the election clerks inva- 
 riably checked these off. Some came 
 to vote who had not paid their April 
 dues and their ballots were promptly 
 rejected. Each man put his ballot in 
 the box with his own hands. When he 
 had voted his union card of the cur- 
 rent mo-nth was stamped "Voted," and 
 this precluded any chance of two votes 
 for one member. 
 
 Generally speaking, there was no 
 rush of the voters. In the early after- 
 noon many of the men found it con- 
 venient to visit headquarters and de- 1 
 posit their ballots. 
 
 CROWDING AVOIDED. 
 
 When it became apparent that crowd- 
 ing was threatened, a rope was 
 stretched from the swinging doors of 
 'the hall to the stage, and along this 
 the voters filed singly until they 
 reached the booths. Ten of these had 
 been erected for the occasion, differing 
 .n no way from the usual provisions of 
 the Australian ballot s.vstem. Most of 
 
 the men appeared in unifoim. and 
 before "t o'clock it became apparent 
 thru a particularly heavy vote had, 
 been polled. At that hour aci. rding 
 to the talliers, more than 2100 out f 
 2350 employes had cast their bail. us 
 
 During the night most of the \oters , 
 came in citizens' clothes. Almost ^nh- i 
 out exception they ^were intelligent f 
 looking men who dVe.ssed well and 
 would be presentable in any walk of 
 life. 
 
 GO F^RTH BRAVELY. 
 
 No soldier ever went into battle in 
 better spirit than these street car mtu 
 went to the polls. They were entirely 
 willing to abide the issue, whatever it 
 might be, and give a laugh in the face 
 of defeat or victory. 
 ~As far as cojuld be judged publicly 
 no effort was made by any of the 
 officers of the union to influence the 
 result International President Mabon 
 spent most of the afiernoon and even-' 
 [ing in the secretary's headquarters, 
 but he declined to see any one. When 
 the vote was being counted he stood 
 inside the railing and kept close tally 
 on the result. Outside of this he took 
 no active 'part in the balloting. 
 | Richard Cornelius, local president uf 
 the union, \\as also inconspicuous dur 
 ing the casting of the vote. When the 
 count commenced he put in an appear 
 a nee and kept a close watch on the 
 talliers. 
 
 SING AS THEY VOTE. 
 
 ;' During the balloting there was al- 
 ways some member of the union who \ 
 got busy with the piano on the plat- / 
 form and many joined 'n singing tfv: 
 popular songs of the day. These adde I 
 largely to relieve the tedium of the 
 election officials. 
 
 Three prominent officers of the union 
 were* present all during the balloting 
 to supervise and pass on credentials 
 Altogether they comprised four shift*, 
 consisting of W. G. Burton. W L. 
 Jackson and G. J. Becht for the first ' 
 rMaj ; P. Marks, W. S. Shafer and A 
 B. Hr. rely on the second relay, A. B 
 Harris. G. A. Mitchell nd R Henry 
 on the third relay, and F. Buckley, S 
 Prout and B. D. Whiting on the fourth 
 relay. After the ballots were cast W A 
 Hughson and C. P. Hanlon were dele- 
 gated to watch the work of the tal- 
 liers. 
 
 71 
 
CONCLUSION. 
 
 The reader who has perused this far has undoubtedly formed some opinions 
 of his own. A proof of the many-sidedness of human nature is to be found in 
 the diametrically opposed opinions of supposedly fair men who have heard the 
 same testimony at the same place and at the same time. 
 
 Many of the carmen undoubtedly are perfectly honest in thinking that they 
 are justified in receiving a greatly increased wage. But we venture to hazard 
 the remark that all these men who think thus are imbued with the cheap socialism 
 current in so many quarters. 
 
 That view of life being demonstrably incorrect to any but the crudest and 
 most ignorant thinkers, causes a man to look at things from a wrong standpoint, 
 and there we believe lies the reason of the diametrically opposed conclusions. 
 Such men ae tkose believe capital has no rights; they have heard the street- 
 ranters say that labor produces everything, and believing that they think labor 
 should receive everything. With this class of men there is no use reasoning, the 
 only hope lies in the chance that advancing years will moderate their views as 
 they do for even the most impetuous of men. 
 
 In this connection, the words of the late Vicar of Christ have a peculiar sig- 
 nificance. None are there who will not pay attention to the words of one who, 
 though the Pontiff of the Eoman Catholic Church, had a sympathy that extended 
 to all men beyond the petty limits of creed, race, or social status. 
 Extract from Pope Leo XIIPs Encyclical Letter Rerum Novarum, May 15, 1891. 
 
 "To remedy these wrongs the Socialists, working on the poor man's envy 
 of the rich, are striving to do away with private property, and contend that 
 individual possessions should become the common property of all, to be admin- 
 istered by the State or by municipal bodies. They hold that by thus transferring 
 property from private individuals to the community, the present mischievous 
 state of things will be set to rights, inasmuch as each citizen will then get his 
 fair share of whatever there is .to enjoy. But their contentions are so clearly 
 powerless to end the controversy that were they carried into effect the working- 
 man himself would be among the first to suffer. They are, moreover, emphatically 
 unjust, because they would rob the lawful possessor, bring State action into a 
 sphere not within its competence, and create utter confusion in the community. 
 
 "It is surely undeniable that, when a man engages in remunerative labor, 
 the impelling reason and motive of his work is to obtain property, and thereafter 
 to hold it as his very own. If one man hires out to another his strength or skill, 
 he does so for the purpose of receiving in return what is necessary for sustenance 
 and education; he therefore expressly intends to acquire a right full and real, 
 not only to the remuneration, but also to the disposal of such remuneration just 
 as he pleases. Thus, if he lives sparingly, saves money, and > for greater security, 
 invests his savings in land, the land, in such case, is only his wages under another 
 form; and, consequently, a workingman's little estate thus purchased should be 
 as completely at his full disposal as are the wages he receives for his labor. 
 But it is precisely in such power of disposal that ownership obtains, whether 
 the property consist of land or chattels. Socialists, therefore, by endeavoring 
 to transfer the possessions of individuals to the community at large, strike at 
 the interests of every wage-earner, since they would deprive him of the liberty 
 of disposing of his wages, and thereby of all hope and possibility of increasing 
 his stock and of bettering his condition in life. 
 
 "What is of far greater moment, however, is the fact that the remedy they 
 propose is manifestly against justice. For every man has by nature the right 
 to possess property as his own. This is one of the chief points of distinction 
 between man and the animal creation, for the brute has no power of self -direction, 
 but is governed by two main instincts, which keep his powers on the alert, impel 
 him to develop them in a fitting manner, and stimulate and determine him to 
 action without any power of choice. One of these instincts is self -preservation, 
 the other the propagation of the species. Both can attain their purpose by 
 means of things which lie within range; beyond their verge the brute creation 
 cannot go, for they are moved to action by their senses only, and in 'the special 
 direction which these suggest. But with man it is wholly different. He possesses, 
 on the one hand, the full perfection of the animal being, and hence enjoys, 
 at least as much as the rest of the animal kind, the fruition of things material. 
 But animal nature, however perfect, is far from representing the human being 
 in its completeness, and is in truth but humanity's humble handmaid, made to 
 serve and to obey. It is the mind, or reason, which is the predominant element 
 in us who are human creatures; it is this which renders a human being human, 
 
 73 
 
&nd distinguishes him essentially and generically from the brute. And on this 
 very account that man alone among the animal creation is endowed with reason 
 it must be within his right to possess things not merely for temporary and 
 momentary use, as other living things do, but to have and to hold them in 
 stable and permanent possession; he must have not only things that perish in 
 the use of them, but those also which, though they have been reduced into use, 
 remain his own for further use. 
 
 "This becomes still more clearly evident if man's nature be considered a 
 little more deeply. For man, fathoming by his faculty of reason matters without 
 number, and linking the future with the present, becoming, furthermore, by 
 taking enlightened forethought, master of his own acts, guides his ways under 
 the eternal law and the power of God, whose providence governs all things. 
 Wherefore it is in his power to exercise his choice not only as to matters that 
 regard his present welfare, but also about those which he deems may be for 
 his advantage in time yet to come. Hence man not. only can possess the fruits 
 of the earth, but also the very soil, inasmuch as from the produce of the earth 
 he has to lay by provision for the future. Man's needs do not die out, but 
 recur; although satisfied to-day, they demand fresh supplies for to-morrow. 
 Nature accordingly owes to man a storehouse that shall never fail, affording 
 the daily supply for his daily wants. And this he finds solely in the inexhaustible 
 fertility of the earth. 
 
 "Neither do we, at this stage, need to bring into action the interference 
 of the State. Man precedes the State, and possesses, prior to the formation of 
 any State, the right of providing for the sustenance of his body. Now to affirm 
 that God has given the earth for the use and enjoyment of the whole human 
 race is not to deny that private property is lawful. For God has granted the 
 earth to mankind in general, not in the sense that all without distinction can 
 deal with it as they like, but rather that no part of it has been assigned to any one 
 in particular, and that the limits of private possession have been left to be fixed 
 by man's own industry, and by the laws of individual races. Moreover, the 
 earth, even though apportioned among private owners, ceases not thereby to 
 minister to the needs of all, inasmuch as there is no one who does not sustain 
 life from what the land produces. Those who do not possess the soil contribute 
 their labor; hence it may truly be said that all human subsistence is derived 
 either from labor on one's own land, or from some toil, some calling which is 
 paid for either in the produce of the land itself, or in that which is exchanged 
 for what the land brings forth. 
 
 "Here, again, we have further proof that private ownership is in accordance 
 with the law of nature. Truly, that which is required for the preservation of 
 life, and for life's well-being, is produced in great abundance from the soil, 
 but not until man has brought it into cultivation and expended upon it his 
 solicitude and skill. Now, when man thus turns the activity of his mind and 
 the strength of his body towards procuring the fruits of nature, by such act he 
 makes his own that portion of nature's field which he cultivates that portion 
 on which he leaves, as it were, the impress of his individuality; and it cannot 
 but be just that he should possess that portion as his very own, and have a right 
 to hold it without any one being justified in violating that right. 
 
 "So strong and convincing are these arguments, that it seems amazing that 
 some should now be setting up anew certain obsolete opinions in opposition to 
 what is here laid down. They assert that it is right for private persons to have 
 the use of the soil and its various fruits, but that it is unjust for any one to 
 possess outright either the land on which he has built, or the estate which he 
 has brought under cultivation. But those who deny these rights do not perceive 
 that they are defrauding man of what his own labor has produced. For the soil 
 which is tilled and cultivated with toil and skill utterly changes its conditions: 
 it was wild beiore, now it is fruitful; was barren, but now brings forth in 
 abundance. That which has thus altered and improved the land becomes so 
 truly part of itself as to be in great measure indistinguishable and inseparable 
 from it. Is it just that the fruit of a man's own sweat and labor should be 
 possessed and enjoyed by any one else? As effects follow their cause, so is it 
 just and right that the results of labor should belong to those who have bestowed 
 their labor. 
 
 "With reason, then, the common opinion of mankind, little affected by the 
 few dissentients who have contended for the opposite view, has found in the 
 careful study of nature, and in the laws of nature, the foundations of the division 
 of property, and the practice of all ages has consecrated the principle of private 
 ownership, as being pre-eminently in conformity with human nature, and as 
 
 '"' 74 
 
conducing in the most unmistakable manner to the peace and tranquility 01 
 human existence. The same principle is confirmed and enforced by the civil 
 laws laws which, so long as they are just, derive from the law of nature their 
 binding force. The authority of the divine law adds its sanction, forbidding us 
 in severest terms even to covet that which is another's: Thou shalt not covet thy 
 neighbor's wife; nor his house, nor his field, nor his man-servant, nor his maid- 
 servant, nor hi-s ox, nor his ass, nor anything which is his." 
 
 To men who admit chat capital has some right to receive a just return on 
 its investments, who think that those who provide the funds wherewith to 
 finance great undertakings, and employ thousands of men have a right to receive 
 liberal reward, it can be proven beyond the shadow of a doubt that the 
 United Railroads are in the right. Should the seeming wave of insanity which 
 has wrecked labor unionism in Chicago reach San Francisco and cause the car- 
 men to strike, we venture to predict that in a very short time Cornelius and his 
 fellow 7 grafters will be compelled to flee to escape the vengeance of their deluded 
 victims. The places will be filled in a week or less, and the truth of Mr. Ready's 
 statement on the witness stand that he could fill every place vacated by the 
 carmen in a few days will be proved. The United Railroads can stand the strike 
 indefinitely if they choose, or if they should conclude to throw the road into the 
 hands of a receiver, the trouble of the carmen would be just beginning. The 
 fact is the unionists, as has been said before, have lost their greatest ally 
 public sympathy without which no cause can succeed whether right or wrong. 
 Truth will prevail, in the long run. It will be a blessing in disguise for both 
 the Carmen's Union and San Francisco should they declare a strike. For the 
 carmen because they would get so soundly whipped that the word strike would 
 make them squirm for the rest of their life, and for the city because of the 
 assured advent of a long period of industrial peace. The men to take their 
 places, two for each position left vacant, are here now, whilst many a farm boy 
 who toils from dawn to dark for a dollar would hasten here to secure $2.50 a day 
 with easy hours and more congenial occupation. 
 
 Manager Chapman's moderation has been commented on everywhere in terms 
 >of praise, whilst the coarse invective of Cornelius has everywhere excited con- 
 tempt. A small man mentally, if not physically, pitchforked by a series of acci- 
 dents into a position where he actually attempts to dictate to a company that 
 once dispensed with his services, he does not realize the contemptible figure he 
 liolds in the public eye. He will shortly disappear into the slime from which he 
 emerged. This fellow is actually bragging at this moment of boycotting the 
 Post because of the courage of its editor in printing an editorial advising the 
 carmen to go slow, very slow. 
 
 In th# midst of all this turmoil the police department of this city has been 
 pursuing the even tenor of its way. To the object of attack by the extremists 
 on both sides, in a city governed by a union labor Mayor, the task is no easy one. 
 Criticism is cheap, any demagogue who can sling a pen can pour forth a tirade 
 of abuse, but such alone by its very intensity defeats its own object. 
 
 In the last five years tens of thousands of soldiers have been discharged 
 at this port. Of this vast number a considerable percentage has remained. 
 Thousands, after a brief period of treading the primrose path, have been left 
 destitute and friendless. It is no libel on our gallant army to say that of 
 this class a number have resorted to crime in various forms to get money. There 
 are black sheep in every flock, and the army is not exempt. Sensationalists have 
 taken advantage of this fact to point to a seeming increase of crime. The 
 termination of the teamsters' strike also threw many of the deluded strikers 
 on the streets, and these added their quota to the record. This great metropolis, 
 at which sooner or later every crook and desperado arrives, has a force of 
 considerably under a thousand police to protect its citizens and uphold its laws. 
 Chief Wittman, burdened with the responsibilities of a position under which 
 his paid detractors would sink, has simply proceeded unostentatiously to do 
 his duty, ^either courting praise nor dodging censure, he has to-day the com- 
 plete confidence of all who desire to see the law supreme and crime suppressed. 
 
 There is not a thinking citizen of this metropolis who does not know that 
 our Chief of Police, especially of late years, has had his powers curtailed in a 
 great measure by a hostile element who have attained to great influence in 
 municipal affairs. This hostile element, seeing the total eclipse of its power 
 in the immediate futnre, is the source of most of the uncalled-for attacks on 
 Chief Wittman. 
 
 The demagogue, the crimp, the footpad, and all the vast number of criminals 
 and their associates know full well that the police department is their bitter 
 
 75 
 
foe. Those, too, who glory in the riot and lawlessness incident to a strike 
 instinctively recognize in the present Chief a deadly enemy to their desires. 
 All these classes inspire whatever denunciation they may be capable of, aided 
 by a few cheap yellow journalists seeking financial recuperation. 
 
 The great silent body of respectable citizens who are too busily engrossed 
 in the affairs of life to spend their days in doubtful barrooms are with the Chief 
 heart and soul, and the support of this body of men is worth that of all the 
 blatherskites and demagogues who ever infested the United States. We believe 
 the Chief intends to see that all classes are equally protected in their chosen 
 vocations, and that the real working man stands on the same basis before him as 
 the capitalist or the professional man. 
 
 The police department is the servant of the people, and in its efforts to 
 enforce the law, to which end each and every individual member has sworn to 
 forfeit his life if necessary in so doing, they ought to have the undivided support 
 of every American. 
 
 If in the immediate future disturbances of an industrial origin are again 
 forced upon this abused community and any destruction of property should 
 result, because of the arbitrary action of the allies of the anarchistic elements 
 temporarily boosted into power, the great body of voters will hold them to accoumt. 
 
 Every visitor to our city remarks on the fine appearance of San Francisco's 
 policemen. The famous Broadway squad of New York and the colossal policemen 
 that parade Regent Street, London, can be duplicated right here. 
 
 The work and responsibility that the Chief is shouldering every day, and 
 the ability and forethought necessary to direct the operation of this important 
 branch of the city government, would, if expended in mercantile or professional 
 pursuits, insure a stipend vastly in excess of that which is attached to the 
 office of Chief of Police. 
 
 A man or a paper is known by the enemies he or it makes, and we con- 
 gratulate the Post on the enmity of Cornelius. That editorial endorsed the 
 unionism of the real labor leaders like Gompers, Powderly, Arthur and John 
 Burns of England. These men, fit for the exalted position they occupy, are chary 
 indeed in the matter of ordering strikes, the knowledge they have of the past 
 history of labor, showing the futility of this proceeding unless as a last resort. 
 It is a very interesting fact that a class of men who must be endowed with some 
 intelligence to conduct even a street-car, should allow themselves to be led by a 
 cheap jawsmith like this man, who to judge by his speeches, should be emptying 
 ash-barrels into a scavenger-wagon and thus earning an honest living. The 
 bees kill off their drones, the parasitic inhabitants who toil not and yet live on 
 the labor of others periodically; one would think the carmen would take similar 
 action, and officially kill such parasitic appendages as the president of the 
 Carmen's Union. That done we do not think the carmen will have much trouble 
 with Manager Chapman. We venture to say that if the vote to strike or not to 
 strike were left with the wives of the carmen, it would be rejected by a vote of 
 99 to 1. The feminine contingent will realize the suffering incident to an 
 idiotically conceived strike. However the time is short, the next few days will 
 show whether conservatism and good judgment will prevail, or whether the 
 anarchistic element will overawe the good judgment of others and plunge the city 
 into another strike. Whichever conclusion is arrived at, we stand ready to 
 do our duty. Threats have no effect on us, and should the carmen strike, we 
 will be prepared, when the trouble is over, to receive them and extend the same 
 courtesy in securing positions for them as we do for others. 
 
 ADDENDA 
 
 In the near future it is pur intention to publish a more pretentious work on 
 labor and its environment, in the United States and all European Countries. 
 
 Mr. H V. Ready spent more than a year traveling abroad with sole object 
 of gaining information on this moat important of all questions. We promise the 
 reader a wealth of information will be contained in thie coming work, usually 
 inaccessible to the average citizen. 
 
 76 
 
- - - -- .-- V ;-/- ' 
 
 
 
 m^ 
 
THE UNCROWNED KING. 
 
 IU5F MV Ty/o HfiHDS 
 TO MAKEHM HONEST 
 LIVING? 
 
 King Solomon in all his Glory was not arrayed like one of these Walking Delegates. 
 
Owing to the unprecedented demand for this pamphlet, the first and second 
 editions of which (consisting of 72 and 80 pages, respectively) were exhausted 
 within twenty-four hours of the dates of their publication, the author has con- 
 cluded to issue a third edition of 20,000 copies, with an addition of sixteen 
 new pages. 
 
 The end for which it was published has been attained. Everywhere it has 
 created discussion and argument. Orders have been and are pouring in from 
 interior points for more rom employer and employe alike. A condition 
 
 of affairs in the labor world of which many of our friends in the interior were . 
 unaware, has been revealed to them, and a sentiment that such a condition must 
 be abolished has received a strong impetus. 
 
 Some unionist -ing to believe that the conditions set forth in .the 
 
 preceding eighty pages arc entirely fictitious, and a figment of the author'* 
 imagination, h : ked upon the absence of specific cases to back up the 
 
 lions her< rth. 
 
 ignorant q> demagogues have spouted on this subject. 
 
 In the following pages we propose to entirely settle all doubts. Authenticated 
 
 of union interference upon pretexts so trivial as to cause speculation 
 
 > whether or no their promulgators were sane are here set forth, and for 
 
 the beiiefit of our > will say that we have in our office the proofs of 
 
 > int in black and white. 
 
 n who. if they worked a tithe as hard with their arms as with their 
 tongues, would be rich, have ranted on the street corners for the last two weeks 
 'ie subject. The writer has been 'called every name and vilified in every 
 possible way by these bellowing jawsmiths, and he glories in it. The letters 
 which have been received set forth very distinctly the element which is arrayed 
 against fair play. Unsigned scrawls, almost undecipherable, reeking with 
 ne language and filthy abuse have been received, and but serve to encourage 
 the recipient to persevere in his course. Such enemies are to be desired above all 
 things. A man who hides under an anonymous communication is not worthy 
 of being replied to. He is a cowardly whelp who is allied to the thug who seeks 
 to assault helpless women, or who prowls in our streets to rob or murder de- 
 fenceless citizen*. Our statements and arguments are published to the world 
 under our own name; we are responsible for every word written there, and are 
 prepared to prove their truth also. If any one differs from us, and there are 
 undoubtedly many, that is their privilege and right. To such, who have written 
 in a manly fashion stating their views and signing their names as men do, the 
 writer returns thanks. Honest difference tends to progress, without it we would 
 riate. On the other hand, we have received an immense number of letters 
 from employers and employes endorsing unqualifiedly our stand, and recipro- 
 cating our sentiments. These gentlemen we thank from the bottom of our heart. 
 In a multitude of council there t> proceed to publish in 
 
 the following pages, absolutely authenticated ca^es of what seems to us, rank 
 injustice, grotesque absurdity, and tragedy a ually mixed, we invite 
 
 honest unionists to investigate these things for themselves. 
 
 The rank inji. -"en in the artificial restrictions put upon American 
 
 a in learning a trade, in the absolute refusal to allow a plain American to 
 work unless he be tagged, in the attempt, to put all men on a uniform basis, and 
 in a thousand and one other w. 
 
 The grotesque absurdity is seen in the sympathetic >trike whereby it is eoi- 
 
 ;ible that the d of a member of tin i'nion might result 
 
 i-iness of a great community, were' it not that the 
 
 hard, common itli which most Americans, union and non-union alike, 
 
 are endowed, prevent such absurdities. Lastly, the tragedy is seen on all aides 
 in the murderous assaults, the want and destitution oi innocent people during a 
 strike, in the arraying of class against tinst race, and brother 
 
 n?t brother. Are these things true? Are they demonstrable? Let the 
 reader answer when he reaches the end of this book 
 
 The greater number of these instances we cite occurred in this city and a 
 number of them came under the per ion of the writer 
 
 <*&. 
 
 In one of the largest provision stores here a number of men were preparing 
 chickens for the market, picking the feathers, etc. Suddenly they were inter- 
 rupted by the advent of a well-dressed man, who announced himself to his awe- 
 stricken hearers as the President of the Chicken Pickers Union. This mighty 
 man in his official capacity proceeded to interrogate the unfortunate merchant 
 
 81 
 
who owned the store, about the afore-mentioned chickens. The awful fact 
 loomed up under this president's keen questioning that in some way these 
 chickens were scabs, and every man alive then and there dropped the cursed 
 things and fled from the place as though it were stricken with the plague. 
 Whether a board of arbitration solemnly passed upon the question, or whether 
 they finally ended an inglorious career in some scab's stomach, feathera and 
 all, is a mystery we cannot penetrate; but we are compelled to suppose that 
 the Chicken Pickers Organization won out and that henceforth a scab rooster 
 will die with his feathers on. 
 
 How those chickens got picked history sayeth not. The sympathy of every 
 man in this great land, however, must go out to these boycotted roosters and 
 unfair hens, and also to the unborn descendants who were scabs even in the 
 e g- Some reader may feel skeptical about this statement, so grotesque and 
 "raw" does it seem. But it occurred here in the present year of our Lord, and is 
 an absolute fact. 
 
 <4^. 
 
 The Scavengers' Union is also adding to the gaiety of San Francisco at 
 present. Every day there can be seen on the principal streets a dilapidated old 
 wagon plastered over to the effect that Bacigalupi, Spaghetti and others are 
 "unfair." The horse that pulls this affair looks as though it worked longer 
 than union hours. However, the fight is on to a finish, and the business of the 
 city still continues. 
 
 Another case where a touch of the serious mingles with the ridiculous 
 occurred: in New York some time ago. A member of the Hatters' Union in the 
 course of nature died, and his comrades were following him to the cemetery, 
 where at least one would suppose "scab" and unionist were equal. 
 
 Some one in an unlucky moment discovered that the unfortunate individual 
 driving the hearse was a "scab." 
 
 Consternation rftigned supreme. Every last man climbed off his carriage 
 and refused to proceed. The wretched cause of the trouble also got off. The 
 procession, of course, was held up. Such a thing as a unionist corpse being 
 escorted to the grave by a "scab" driver was a fact to appalling to contemplate. 
 
 Finally the trouble was averted; some other union driver was secured and 
 the union corpse received a union burial, as it was first intended. 
 
 No one will deny that a, man has a right to be buried by whom he pleases, 
 but does it not seem rather far-fetched in the face of Death, the great leveler 
 of all human differences, to go to such an extreme? 
 
 It is also to be hoped that when the union soul arrived at the pearly gates, 
 St. Peter did not demand his union card. There, at least, the unions will cease 
 from troubling and the "scab" will be at rest. 
 
 <*^. 
 
 The cartoon on page 67 represents a darker phase of the same subject. 
 
 In Chicago during the late strike, as readers of the papers will know, burials 
 were absolutely suspended and grief-stricken relatives were unable to bury their 
 dead till some agreement was reached. 
 
 Such an event will never occur again. The sentiment of a great body of 
 union men will never again permit such a proceeding. It is not necessary 
 t &ay anything more on this subject. 
 
 Another instance, bringing us back to the laughable, occurred in our presence 
 in this city. 
 
 In 'a private residence a group of friends, after dinner, retired to the smok- 
 ing-room. The cigars were passed around and enjoyed by all, except one poor 
 fellow, a union man, who, on examining his, found it was a scab cigar and 
 declined it, saying he was afraid to smoke it. 
 
 A fifty-cent cigar of national fame was thus declined by the poor devil 
 who sat uncomfortable and silent, whilst his fellow-guests enjoyed themselves, 
 there not happening to be in the house a cigar with a tamale sign on it. 
 
 A sacrifice for principle, we can hear some one say; and our answer is that 
 a principle that denies a man a good smoke in the house of his friends is not 
 much of a principle. 
 
 Another case is that of a hotel proprietor not far from San Francisco. 
 This gentleman hired a painter and carpenter, both unien men, to do sonn 
 work for him. In the course of the work it turned out that a little plaster 
 
 82 
 
WM needed on one of the chimneys. 
 
 The hotel-man asked the painter do to it in the course of his work, and to 
 hia astonishment was informed that he dare not. The carpenter came out with 
 the same story, and informed the hotel-man he would have to get a man from 
 the city. 
 
 As the job would not take half an hour, the proprietor could not see the 
 force of the argument, and informed his two employes that he himself would 
 do it. To his unbounded astonishment they informed him if he did they would 
 hare to quit. 
 
 Here was a pretty state of affairs: a job half done and men willing enough 
 k> do the work, or to let him do it in his own house, but protesting they dare 
 not, neither dare they let him do it, under pain of being expelled from the union. 
 
 Our hotel-man, however, was a man of resource. He bided his time, anil 
 when on Saturday night his two unionists came to the city to pay their dues, 
 ne himself did the job and painted it over with some of the union paint before 
 the men returned. When they came back nothing was said, as both men were 
 naturally of a good and accommodating disposition, but were held down by the 
 imbecile rule of their union against doing even that paltry amount of work. 
 
 A quiet smile stole over the painter's face as he looked at his paint pot, and 
 a wink from the carpenter, however, showed thev were "next." 
 
 <*^. 
 
 Another absurdity of a similar kind occurred near San Jose a short time age. 
 
 A contractor putting up a building was out of nails and telephoned to a 
 tore in San Jose. A boy was immediately dispatched with a supply, and oa 
 arriving at the building was asked to show a union card. He did not have one, 
 and accordingly the carpenters refused to use the "scab" nails. 
 
 Instances of this kind can be produced ad infinitum. The poor contractor, 
 between the devil and the deep sea. is simply blocked. His job must be finished 
 in a certain time under penalties, and his men hold the whip hand on him. 
 
 <4^. 
 
 An electrical contractor on Clay Street, San Francisco, secured a job wiring 
 a aouse and hired a man who was competent to do the work, without asking 
 whether or no he was a union man. After working a few hours with his man, 
 a full-blown specimen of the walking delegate appeared on the scene and de- 
 manded to know who had the job. The contractor replied that he was the for- 
 tunate, or rather, as events proved, unfortunate man. Our delegate now turned 
 kis attention to the hired man and found he had a union card. Turning to tie 
 contractor, he informed him he could not work on his own job and that he must 
 either hire another union man or let his employe work alone. 
 
 Thus it has come to this, that if a man takes a contract he cannot wotk 
 himself, but must stand by and see some one else do it. 
 
 A partner in a bakery in this city drives one of his wagons, or rather used 
 tCj until a hold-up man called on him and threatened to tie up his business units* 
 fee hired a man to drive and remained idle himself. .Yet this- is America. 
 
 The horse, wagon and contents of the wagon belonged to this man, but 
 tside influence stepped in and forbade him to drive it. 
 
 <*?* 
 
 Another instance is where the employer is compelled to report eack week 
 the new help hired, to the union. Needless to say the walking delegate promptly 
 appears and if the new man is not a unionist he is out of a job in short order. 
 
 Another experience in our own business occurred last summer. In com- 
 pliance with an order for twenty-five men we shipped them and procured 
 passage for them on a steamer going to their destination. The sailors perceiring 
 that this body of men were laboring men, inquired of several for their union 
 cards and could not find any. That was enough. No self-respecting union 
 gailor could think of piloting a non-union man to his destination or tven allow 
 aim on the same ship. They refused to man the steamer. 
 
 V s *. 
 
 Another particularly flagrant case of union unfairness happened in a promi- 
 nent restaurant on Sixth Street a short time ago. The walking delegate of the 
 Cooks and Waiters Union strolled into the place and peremptorily demanded 
 that the proprietor sign the agreement for one year. The gentleman requested 
 time to consider, which reasonable request was denied. "Sign right now/' the 
 delegate demanded, "or suffer the consequences." Finally the delegate left 
 
 83 
 
and tilt proprietor, thinking he wa? to have time to consider, went out for advice. 
 On his reutrn he found the place empty. The cooks and waiters had walked 
 out and the sole occupant of the place was the girl cashier. 
 
 Ruch actions as these, devoid even of the first elements of fair play, haa 
 brought unionism into the disrepute in which it is held to-day, and the pro- 
 prietor cannot be blamed if he holds strong prejudices against the union. 
 
 Sometimes, however, the exactions of unionism are felt by a union man. 
 A union bricklayer who owned his own home was putting up a chimney, and his 
 son, who was considerably under age, was helping. In walks the business agent, 
 and, after exchanging the morning greeting, asks the father who the boy was 
 who was helping him; whether he was a union apprentice, etc. The father 
 replied that the boy was his own son, and that this was his own house, and that 
 the boy was still going to school. The walking delegate to the union man 
 answered, that the work the boy was doing, under the union regulations, called 
 for a member of the Hod Carriers Union, and the boy had to stop helping hi 
 father and a hod carrier was sent for. 
 
 Another business agent of one of the local unions dropped into a saloon not 
 far from Clay and Kearny Streets and upon interrogating the individual who 
 presided over the destinies of the lunch counter, found that he did not possess 
 that magic talisman, the union card. Here was a chance for a grand stand play. 
 He scorned to drink in a place where such a contemptible Wretch had the herre 
 to work, and walked out. 
 
 A few doors below this place, a little later, he was to be seen taking drink 
 after drink from the hands of a so-called scab barkeeper. Is it possible tha* 
 this sudden change of feeling was because in this latter case the drinks were nob 
 costing him anything? 
 
 But the lowest, most contemptible case of oppression engineered by these 
 scoundrels on unfortunates who are handicapped in the struggle for existence 
 by an affliction that should soften the heart of an Apache, has traveled across 
 the continent, and blackened the fair name of California, we reprint from the 
 New York Sun. 
 
 A BOYCOTT ON THE BLIND. 
 
 (From the Neto York Sun.). 
 
 The State of California maintains in the city of Oakland, just across the 
 bay from San Francisco, an industrial home for the adult blind. There seventy 
 men and women, deprived of their sight, live and earn a little money by making 
 brooms. Their aiBiction reduces their productive capacity by about 50t per cent, 
 and it would not be supposed that the output of their industry would constitute 
 a serious menace even to the labor unions. Inconsiderable as the product of 
 tht home's inmates is, however, it has aroused the labor leaders of the State 
 and they have declared a boycott upon the home and its manufactures, to drive 
 them from the market. In this situation the inmates of the home have issued 
 a statement in which they set forth their condition. They say. 
 
 Compelled by indigence or idleness we sought admission to 
 the home as the only place where the blind could learn a handi- 
 craft and earn their clothing and comforts. Those who see can 
 form no conception of the blessings of work to the blind. With- 
 out it we who live in darkness have nothing to divert us from 
 the sadness and sorrows of our situation. With work we have 
 happiness. Without work we have sadness and miserv. for our 
 companions. 
 
 By the sale of the brooms the inmates of the home obtain their sole income. 
 YVm-king at their trade is their "greatest happiness," and when the boycott 
 was declared, the blind broom makers appealed to the unions for mercy. 
 of that quality did they find in the unions. 
 
 An appeal to them to be merciful to the blind has been made, 
 but is unheeded. Retail dealers, under penalty of a general 
 boycott on their business, do not dare buy the blind man's 
 brooms, and now the same cold-hearted policy is closing our 
 wholesale trade against us. Nearly all of us were laboring 
 people when blindness fell upon us, and many of us were labor 
 union men. W T e cannot now belong to a union. We are a com- 
 munity by ourselves, joined in bonds of a common misfortune. 
 
 84 
 
The inmantes of the home do not ask charity; they want only a fair field. 
 Their product, only a fraction of one per cent of the total number of brooms 
 consumed in the State, they want to sell on the open market; that is all, and 
 that is denied them. They say: 
 
 The purpose of a labor union is declared to be humane. If 
 this be so, our misfortune should make us first among the 
 objects of that humanity. But instead of this we are treated by 
 our brothers who sec as if our blindness had outlawed us from 
 human sympathy and set us among the beasts that perish. 
 
 Can it be that in these latter days the blind, stricken and 
 forlorn, are to be punished by men as if their infirmity was a 
 crime? 
 
 The right to sell the products of their industry implies more than a means 
 f earning money to the blind. Productive activity means for them relief from 
 awful imprisonment; "It is manhood and womanhood, health and happiness." 
 It means harm to no person, injury to no industry, unhappiness to no one. The 
 broom manufacturers of the country, the employers of labor, heartless and 
 grasping as the labor unionists paint them, have not demanded the withdrawal 
 of the blind broom makers' products from the market. They would not dart, 
 nor have they the power to enforce or the will to inspire such a demand. It 
 remained for the labor leaders to conceive and execute so wicked a plan. 
 
 The blind men and women appeal to Californians to buy and insist upon 
 receiving home made brooms until the boycott is broken. If the Californian* 
 have the average portion of red blood and love of fair play, they will be en- 
 thusiastic to take up so honorable crusade and carry it to success. 
 
 But in the meantime is there no legal power to protect the business men 
 of the State against a huge conspiracy to rule or ruin them? Must they submit 
 to conduct their affairs to suit the ideas of an unincorporated secret society 
 with no legal standing, or else retire from business? If the Masonic fraternity 
 formally attempted to drive a Roman Catholic tradesman from business, con- 
 spiring to ruin him, would the law afford him no protection? Would the Odd 
 Fellows be permitted to dictate what goods a merchant should sell and what he. 
 ihould not? 
 
 The inhumanity of the boycott against the blind is patent, and the time is 
 not far distant when the criminals who institute such conspiracies will be 
 brought to a short stop before the bar of justice. 
 
 (In re this outrageous case, the Labor Unions have denied it. They lie, and they 
 know it ! ! We have the word of the manager ef the Industrial Home for the Adult 
 Blind that it is true in every detail. The case is complete, and the Unions stand con- 
 victed of the most infamous crime conceivable. II. V. R.) 
 
 We have noticed in our bu employment agents another peculiar 
 
 feature of a good many union men. During the great strike two years ago, 
 when nearly all organized labor in the city was on strike and when it was a 
 daily occurrence f. strikers to be assaulted in 
 
 murderous fashion, the strii. >ur offices for positions 
 
 in large numbers. In accordance with our policy of hiring men regardless of 
 union affiliations, as long as nt thousands of these 
 
 men out to different po- . thirty per cent of our business that year 
 
 was done with strikers. 
 
 Now, this is all well , riker has a perfect right to earn 
 
 his living in any honorable manner, but i< :n a trifle inconsistent. 
 
 Let these men allow others the privilege, of doing what they demand as a 
 right. Wages in the country wore cut in many cases by the same strikers wh 
 so loudly talked of scabs, etc.; in fact, many of these very strikers went to work 
 at places in the country where there was a strike on, and helped to defeat their 
 comrades in other li rk whilst asking public support for themselves. 
 
 <*7*. 
 
 In this line it may also be mentioned that a large number of patrons of a 
 drug store which has been ialignancy rarely seen elsewhere, 
 
 are union men and their w; f of tin in the archives of 
 
 the unions themselves, many of their members having been "spotted" and fined 
 the customary five dolla-rs for patronizing an "unfair'' house. 
 
 <*^. 
 
 Almost immediately opposite our place of business is a Japanese- restaurant. 
 
 85 
 
liraf to relate, this place is largely supported by union men, although in 
 UM i immediate vicinity are union places. Forty to fifty union mechanics dine 
 to tfcM place daily, whilst their brother unionists of the cooks and waiters stand 
 ready to cater to their wants within a stone's throw. 
 
 SAM PARKS. 
 
 THE CHAMPION WALKING DELEGATE. 
 
 lam Parks, the greatest and most unscrupulous of the later-day Walking 
 Delegates, died May 4th. The career of this man is so astounding in its boldness, 
 o magnificent in its success to a certain point, so startling in the abruptness o* 
 ite descent to ruin, and so humiliating in its disclosures of the weakness of human 
 nature, as to place it amongst the most interesting of the times. No ordinary 
 man was Sam Parks. 
 
 (Born in County Downs, Ireland, he came to this country at an early age, 
 and his natural aggressiveness brought him to the front of his associates. He 
 finally entered the Housesmiths and Bridgemen's Union, and it was not long 
 ere he was made the Walking Delegate of the Union. From that period dates 
 his rocket-like ascension to fame with its subsequent extinction in the darkness 
 of total dishonor. Sam Parks' keen brain soon "took in" the many opportunities 
 for successful grafting, and he proceeded to take advantage of them. 
 
 His personality was such that his fellow unionists placed absolute confidence 
 in him, and he rapidly became one of the important men of New York. In the 
 year 1901 there was an immense amount of building going on. Any man at all 
 skilled in his trade could secure abundance of work. Parks' first steps were to 
 get all these men into the local unions and thus secure an absolute monopoly. 
 This he did. Although he had but one vote in the Building Trades' Council, it 
 seemed to be the only vote there; whatever he decided on was done. 
 
 One day Sam concluded he wanted a little ready money. He showed up at 
 the office of the Hecla Iron Works, an immense industrial concern, and coolly 
 walking to the Directors' room introduced himself by saying that some of the 
 union rules were being violated, but that he would square the trouble for $1,000. 
 With soul-stirring emphasis he was told to go to Fort Yuma or some other place 
 of tropical temperature, and he left the office. 
 
 The troubles of the Hecla Iron Works were just beginning. Shortly after- 
 wards a strike was declared, every man dropped his tools, and the great iron 
 works were silent. Sam Parks was getting back at the Hecla people. After a 
 period in which the corporation spent tens of thousands trying to operate their 
 plant, they realized what a lead-pipe cinch Parks had. 
 
 Another meeting was arranged, this time Parks was not begging for money, 
 
 86 
 
but he accepted a cheek for $2,000, and the men went back to work, completely 
 successful in all their demands. So gratified did they feel towards Parks that 
 they presented him with a magnificent diamond ring, engraved "Victory; Strike, 
 Hecla Iron Works.'' Thus both sides contributed to his exchequer and Sam was 
 howing other Walking Delegates how the thing ought to be done. Some members 
 of the unions, honest men, men who wanted to work undisturbed at their jobs, 
 opposed Parks in the meetings. These men usually lost their jobs mysteriously 
 or got stretched out cold some night going home. The vast majority, however, 
 were enthusiastic in their praise of Parks. His great personal force held theM 
 faithful. Rumors of his grafting propensities reached the union, but the 
 majority, looking at Hie practical side of affairs, said they did not care whether 
 he grafted or not. as long sis be secured for them the top wages and the shortest 
 hours. His control was absolute. Of $60,000 collected by the union in 1801. 
 subsequent investigation >howed $40,000 disappeared without an accounting. 
 
 By . play of fate, the W. P. Fuller Construction Company, the 
 
 largest constructor- Drapers in this country, brought Parks from Chicago. 
 
 Rumor credits the Standard Oil Company with being interested in this 
 corporation. The .Lord only knows that Rockefeller did not "have to do as Park* 
 bid him. 
 
 Parks seems to have dictated the policy of this eompa: -ulutely 
 
 if he had been president of the concern. 
 
 A great strike was declared, no one seemed to know exactly what for. There 
 was no question of hours, wages, or recognition of the union at issue. All these 
 points were absolutely conceded. After four months' struggle, after millions 
 were spent uselessly, after untold suffering in the homes of the strikers, the 
 strike simply wore out. Parks was arrested on a charge of bribery, one of many, 
 and convicted. He secured a new trial, and was convicted again and sentenced 
 to two years and three months in Sing Sing. 
 
 Consumption had marked him for her own, and he died in the prime of lift, 
 a convicted felon. 
 
 One of his lieutenants, Murphy of the Stone Cutters, who stole $27,000, 
 mourns his leader to-day in Sing Sing. 
 
 The simple statement of this man's kaleidoscopic career as a Walking Dele- 
 gate. is enough. These Frisco Walking Delegates are nickel plated affairs, nay, 
 they are not I, '>t Parks. They lack his daring and his fertility of 
 
 irce. They strike -houlders of others; Parks struck himself He 
 
 riginal in the art of "bringing in the sheaves/' He levied on both 
 r that he died in prison, else, as the cartoon on page 
 u> might have come to a worse end. 
 
 A union engineer running a train on a railroad operated by a mining corn- 
 pan, union man laying on the track in a drunken stupor, and 
 
 deli! ijiboweling an.' e killing him. 
 
 The him hmr< uded reinstatement, 
 
 general strike, in 
 
 There is a young lady in t , ^'ho has been 
 
 keeping company with a young fellow, h- -id industrious, but who 
 
 mffly against unions as she is in - positively declines 
 
 to marry him unless he joins the union of lie retoes. We hope :he 
 
 fair ono will not allow 'her unionist afli -ourse of 
 
 havi try ending, but -n to hold on to his 
 
 eonvi he have to marry girl. 
 
 <*&. 
 
 mpany in this State requested the superintendent 
 
 t ( j. ir members who was behind in his dues to the union. The 
 
 sup , : demurred, saying he interfered with no one's personal affairs. A 
 
 tt tri One hundred and ninety-five men sent by 
 
 Murray & Ready in two d.. 
 
 A local railroad company discharged a union employee lately for dnmkenn-ss 
 and incompetenry. Hi* reinstatement was demanded and refused, and a strike 
 resulted which was lost almost immediately. Murray & Ro.-uly sent 165 men in 
 two hours. 
 
 87 
 
A good union man strolled into a restaurant and ate a hearty meal. To his 
 horror he found out that his union stomach was full of "scab" food. Not only 
 did he refuse to pay for it, but he went outside, and, putting his finger down his 
 throat, attempted to throw it up. The union stomach, however, did not propose 
 te part even with "scab grub." At this moment a Delegate of the Waiters' Union 
 tepped up and the wretched man explained the fearful condition he was in. The 
 rag* of the delegate was terrible to look upon. He preferred a charge against 
 the man of patronizing a "scab" restaurant, and that unfortunate, besides filling 
 his stomach with "scab" victuals also paid a fine of $10. 
 
 A clerk was building a house, and the carpenters being through the painters 
 came on the scene. Suddenly one of them felt a dislike to a certain door, and, on 
 examining it, found out it was a non-union door. Instantly all work stopped. 
 After some trouble the door was initiated into the union, or" something; anyhow 
 the painters went back to Avork. The cement men now appeared on the scene. 
 They had no union cards. The painters quit again. The miserable owner tore 
 his hair and used strong language, and do you blame him, reader? Finally it 
 was agreed that the "scab" cement men should work after 5 o'clock, when the 
 painters quit. But we make k guess that the owner will do some thinking before 
 building again. 
 
 A large mine owner in the eastern part of the State has had a strike on his 
 hands that resulted in disaster for his opponents and their allies. He hired from 
 Murray & Ready 265 first-class non-union men and sent them to the mine. After 
 the men arrived the hotels that make a living out of the workers at the mine 
 refused to board the non-union men. 
 
 The mining man, who is widely known as a man of determination and 
 resource, built his own hotels, and now not only his ex-employes, but also their 
 allies, find themselves "up in the air." 
 
 A large English syndicate had trouble with its men and hired 45 men at 
 this office to take their places. These men got as far as Milton, where they were 
 met by a strong body of unionists, and were beaten and their baggage ^stolen. 
 These 'unionists said they did not propose to have any b - y blasted Englishmen 
 hiring whom they pleased. Another body of men was sent up and they took with 
 them the American, English.. German and other flags, according to their 
 nationality. The U. S. mail was also distributed on the several stages, and when 
 they met "the unionists again, the new men openly jeered them and dared them 
 to fire again. This strike was immediatelv lost. 
 
 <*?*. 
 
 At one of the big cigar stores on Market Street lately, a Business agent, not 
 knowing that he was observed, bought, a well-known brand of "scab" cigarette 
 tobacco. A union man. Mm, called him down for it, and, with an 
 
 oath, the Business Agent replied that lie smoked what he liked and he didn't 
 give a d - n whether it was scab or not. 
 
 Good, sound sense, but poor unionism. 
 
 Some unions passed by-laws to the effect that the uniform number of 
 members shall be maintained, and thus the only opportunity for an outsider to 
 eain admission is when death makes a vacancy. 
 
 The president of one of the most powerful of the city unions has been seen 
 to shave many a time in a ten-cent scab shop on this street and he seems to do it 
 
 He might shave in the free barber college for all we care about it, but the 
 chance is too good to let slip to show up the hypocrisy of some of these pre- 
 
 tenders. 
 
 <4^. 
 
 The speech of the silver-tongued orator,Tom Fitch, of Nevada, to the loco- 
 motive engineers at San Bernardino, Saturday, March 14, 1904, is printed here 
 as an exposition of the aims and objects of the highest-grade labor organization 
 
 WISEST OF LABOR UNIONS. 
 
 "You are here in California, gentlemen, as the representatives of the wisest t 
 and fairest labor union in the world. If the members of all the other trade 
 unions were to adopt your precepts and follow your example in dealing with 
 
 88 
 
their employers, and with each other, and with all men, there would seldom be 
 wasteful strikes in which the worker must, even if iinalh HI, labor 
 
 three or six months in order to make up the k -ioned by one month of 
 
 idleness. 
 
 "I believe in labor unions. I cannot see why workers have not a better 
 right to lawfully combine in order to obtain a higher price for their labor, tha 
 coal operators have to unlawfully combine in order to get a higher price for 
 fuel. In my humble opinion the teamster who assaults anotlu : r because 
 
 the latter has no union button, and the financial magnate who violates the anti- 
 trust law, ought to be made to keep the lock-step of fellow convict*. My preju- 
 and sympathies are with the workers. Capita irer helped me 
 
 irn a dollar unless they deemed it to their interest to do so. I never was 
 employed because 1 had a brother-in-law or an uncle in the board of trustees. 
 No capitalist ever walked miles from his palace to attend a meeting where 1 
 spoke, as many a man and many a miner has walked from his cabin in the 
 olderr golden d. 
 
 "Orderly, law-abiding trades unionism, just such trades-unionism as you 
 practice, gentlemen, is legitimate and honorable. The brotherhood of Locomo- 
 tive Engr M>i vative a body as any chamber of commerce or board 
 ef trade, and in r s management it is a good deal mon itire 
 than are the directors of some banks of which I have heard. Capital and labor 
 belong together. Their interests are identical. There is, in this land of ours, 
 no necessary conllict between them, and no conflict that is not forced and un- 
 natural. The man with the hammer should not be at outs with the man that 
 hires the man with the hammer. 
 
 **lf you will analyze the utterances of some of the demagogic, blatant, 
 eherubim and seraphim who 'continually do cry' about the 'conflict between 
 the man and the dollar,' you will find that it many instan^ a conflict 
 
 between the man who is without a dollar because he is too lazy, or too ignorant, 
 er too dishonest to earn a dollar, and the industrious man who has saved his 
 dollar, in which contest the dollarless man is endeavoring to get the other man's 
 dollar away from him without giving him anything in return for it. It is the 
 ontest between the man who has a job and desires to keep it, and the man who 
 is without a job and is afraid that he will find one. It is a contest between 
 the bread winner and the tramp; between the man who can write his name, and 
 the man who signs his name with a cross; between the <i in the savings 
 
 banks and the depositors in the faro banks; between the workers and brawlers. 
 
 \Ve live in an age of light, we live in an advancing generation.' and retro 
 gressive, whining, wealth-hating, labor-shirking doctrines are out of joint with 
 the times. Everywhere invention, discovery and science are pushing their mighty 
 inarch up the mountains .along the valleys, and into tli of the earth. 
 
 They are riding in ips over the foam-.- preparing 
 
 to climb to the stars. Shall the ('nited States alone among the nations seek to 
 Shall it -uecomb to the deman>; howlers, 
 
 cry out against th us of capital and the tyrannv of wealth owners-? 
 
 THE POUR MAX'S LUXURI1 
 
 'Where is the tyranny of the wealth owners to be found? In what form 
 it manifest itself? In Europe a laborer takes off his hat when he meets 
 a lord. In America a man keeps his hat on when he meets a millionaire, unless 
 the raillionair . In Europe the teamater turns out far the 
 
 carriage with a coronet on its panels. In America the carriage of the capitalist 
 will lose a wheel if its owner doe^ not. turn out for a coal cart, provided the 
 owner of the coal cart has the right of way. What at last do rich men obtaim 
 from life more than poor men? Toil brings hunger, and hunger is a better 
 sauce than any compounded by a French "I gives his beloved as sweet 
 
 sleep upon a cot as upon the downiest couch. Public libraries and galleries 
 give their treasures of learning and art to the poorest. Music and drama caa 
 be enjoyed as well from the galleries as from the boxes. A trolley car gives a 
 smoother and swifter ride than a carriage drawn by horses. There are no 
 reserved "seats in Nature's amphitheater. ^The ripple of the river, the verduce 
 of the lawns, the shade of the trees and the perfumes of the flowers belong 
 alike to the rich and poor. 
 
 "If some of the workers of California instead of reaching for the moon and 
 following demagogues and dreamers, who promise it to them, would use their 
 voting power to procure the enactment of just laws that would really benefit 
 them, they would better illustrate their common sense than they sometimes do. 
 
You cannot go into a barber shop or a saloon without finding half a dozen ncw- 
 ' papers filled with various articles about the rights of labor and lurid diatribes 
 against those who invade such rights. You cannot go through a political 
 campaign without listening to a dozen spellbinders howling about the rights 
 and wrongs of labor from Siskiyou to San Diego, and all the time the simplest 
 and most obvious and most needed measure that might be enacted for the benefit 
 of labor is never mentioned. 
 
 "Unlawful violence never accomplished any good for a cause. In former 
 ages force and not reason ruled the world; now reason sits upon the throne, and 
 under her benign sway, prosperity and peace and happiness abide. There i 
 mothing more grand than a government which accords to its citizens perfect 
 freedom, and requires of them implicit obedience to law. 
 
 "If you don't like the law, then use your votes to change it, but while it 
 is law drop the club and knife and the gun and the dynamite bomb, and obey 
 the law. If there is a worker who has what you consider to be bad taste and 
 the bad judgment, and the selfishness not to belong to a labor union, you ar 
 ot obliged to respect him or associate with him or to greet him with friendli- 
 ness when you meet, but you are obliged not to assault or molest him. He may 
 be, in your" opinion, a scab, but he has a legal right to be a scab if he chooses. 
 He has a legal right to work for whomsoever he pleases, at whatever rate of 
 wages he pleases and for whatever number of hours in each day he plea sea. 
 Reason with him, plead with him, persuade him to stand by his fellow-workmen 
 if you can. That is your right, but keep your hands off him, for it is not your 
 right to assault him. You may be sure that if you attempt violence there will 
 &tep to the front a deputy United States marshal who will say to you with th 
 voice of seventy millions of people and with the bayonets of an army behind 
 kim: "Let that man pass to his labors.'" (That is true. If San Francisce 
 is to be plunged into industrial anarchy to attain this end, let it come : the 
 resulting peace will be worth the tight to the apprentice boys of this city. If 
 one boy or ten million want to learn trades in America, especially San Fran- 
 cisco, we intend to fight legally for their right, until every Union is dead or 
 their by-laws amended. H. V. JR.) 
 
 ELECTRIC. 
 
 In one of the largest department stores of this city one of the managers 
 was assisting an electrician, that is, he was simply handing him his wires, etc., 
 as he needed them. The delegate happening in, instantly saw what was going on, 
 and stopped the electrician from working, saying that such work called for 
 another man and that the manager must send to the union for another eW-tri- 
 eian. He was compelled to accede, and work in a busy dep-irtinent store wa* 
 
 1'iided over three hours till another man could 
 
 m. 
 
 BADLY BEATEN BY FOUR THUGS. 
 
 HtcArsK ME Wori.D XOT STRIKE, FULLER Is BRUTALLY ASSAULTED BY IKION 
 
 PICKETS. 
 
 J. W. Fuller, a driver in the employ of the Belmont Stables at 1620 Pine 
 
 . was brutally beaten by four men at the corner of Lombard Street and 
 Van Ness Avenue ye-trr.iay afternoon. Fuller was taken to the Central Emer- 
 gency Hospital to be treated for numerous lacerations and contusions of the 
 face and scalp, a dislocated linger and a possible fracture of the skull. 
 
 Later in the day Joseph ("Kid") Egan was arrested on suspicion of being 
 one of the brutal assailants, and when brought, to the hospital was poMtivelf 
 identified by Fuller a,s one of the four men who attacked and heat him. 
 
 The assault, v, -ult of the stablemen's trouble with their emn 
 
 Puller, who is 50 years of age, refused.. to walk out when the strike was ordered 
 and has since been under the ban of the union. 
 
 Yesterday morning he started for North Beach with a load of manure and 
 at the place mentioned was set. upon by four men. One dragged him from the 
 wagon seat and then all four beat and kicked him. When he broke aAvay from 
 th/sm he was pursued and struck over the head with a pitchfork and might have 
 been killed had it not been for the interference of, a citizen who begged the 
 thugs not to kill the man. 
 
 On information given to the police Egan was arrested later and his identi- 
 fication by Fuller followed. 
 
 Egan' who has been acting as a union picket, was arrested last week for nn 
 assault upon a man about to enter a stable and charged in Judge CabanisVi 
 
 90 
 
court with assault with a deadly weapon and threats against life. Both of 
 these charges were dismissed. At that time it was alleged that he had a piece 
 of lead pipe two feet in length, but it was thrown away before the arrival of the 
 police. He was drunk when taken into custody. 
 
 Egan was arraigned in Judge Mogan's court this morning on charges of 
 drunkenness and assault with a deadly weapon. Fuller, the victim of the brutal 
 assault, was unable to appear in court, and the case was therefore continued 
 until next Friday. In the meanwhile Egan is in jail. 
 
 The twelve cartoons, starting opposite page 5 of this book do not present a 
 fictitious problem, although it goes to the extreme limit of picturing the con- 
 sequences. 
 
 Many and many a boy unable to get into a shop on account of restrictions 
 imposed by the trade unions has given up in despair, or gone on the "road" 
 and: become a tramp. If he were lucky enough to be arrested and sent to some 
 reform school where they are compelled to learn a trade, there is still a chance 
 for him to make a good citizen. If, on the other hand, they "hobo" around 
 during the most impressionable period of their life they are in grave danger of 
 becoming candidates for the State's prison. This state of affairs we charge 
 directly to the vicious apprentice rules of the unions. It is a strange state- 
 ment to make, but a terribly true one, that the only way many boys can learn 
 a trade is in a penal institution. This state of affairs, now that it is becoming 
 generally known, will be speedily abolished and the only principle that free-born 
 men should allow in its place, installed, that of a fair field to all and no favors. 
 
 At this present moment an electrician of this city is suing the union for 
 damages on account of being absolutely unable to earn a living owing to the 
 double-barreled cinch exercised by the rganization on that line of business in 
 this city. He is a non-union man and has even been followed into other towns, 
 and there the same malignant persecution has had the same dire effect. Em- 
 ployers are afraid to hire him; if they did the consequences were hard to forsee. 
 
 Being unable to make a living at any other trade, with his sole means of 
 existence literally denied him by an organized body, he is suing them for 
 restitution. (See cartoon page 70. ) 
 
 Of course we all know that no mattetr how competent this man might be, 
 he could not work for the municipality of San Francisco, b< m extra- 
 
 ordinary and nonsensical law passed at the instigation of the electrical ^workers, 
 no man, not even Edison himself, could work here unless he were a union 
 
 We will add one excerpt .from a Colorado exchange, published in a 
 which has passed through a 'baptism of blood in fighting this un-American 
 unionism. 
 
 Perhaps we had better state that there is a strike on at the machine shops 
 mentioned. 
 
 "Strange thing happened down at Trinidad the other monring '< 
 believe. Very strange thing, indeed. There was a . tir 11 l>roke 
 
 out at 6:30 o'clock in the morning in the machine shops of the Victor Fuel 
 Company. It was a rather awkward hour and tire department worked 
 
 like a band of Trojans to save the building. After the flames had been quenched 
 some one going through the building found er- ' of emergency hose in 
 
 the building full of hard-tied knots! Some freak of the flames probably. Den- 
 ver paper. <*^. 
 
 BRINGING IX THE Sih 
 (See Oartoon on Page 
 
 This cartoon we believe to be one of the most powerful ever drawn. Like 
 all great cartoons, it is startlingly plain in its portrayal of its subject, 
 only one of late years which seems to us to approach it in realism, is the one 
 which appeared in Harper's Weekly, drawn by Rogers, and directed against the 
 grafting propensities of Tammany. That cartoon, entitled "How Far Up Does 
 It Go?" unquestionably was a powerful factor in overthrowing Tammany, 
 preached a more powerful sermon, and indicated the source of the corruption 
 more directly, than a thousand pages of printed matter could do. Our cartoon, 
 though it does not appear in a weekly of world- wide reputation, ie equally 
 direct, and the idea around which it is built, could never have been evolved 
 except by a man who has had almost unlimited experience with the cause of its 
 existence the Walking Delegate. 
 
 91 
 
Honest people who can look the world in the eye and not quail, may recoil 
 from its sinister implication. The shadow thrown by the rising sun of inves- 
 tigation resolves itself into a convict walking in lock-step to the prison. 
 
 The delegate on his way to the gambling house is to be seen carrying the 
 sheaves of dishonest money wrung by "ways that are dark and tricks that are 
 Tain" from the honest toiler. "Brete Harte's "Heathen Chinee" was a con- 
 temptible false alarm in the ways of graft alongside of these specimens of latter 
 days. The fields of labor are bare, stripped almost to the last sheaf by these 
 thieves. The rising sun of investigation throws the x-ray of truth on the 
 picture and shows the Walking Delegate in his true light as a perjurer, gambler, 
 and moral leper. 
 
 At the present moment over a large portion of this country he is still en- 
 gaged in bringing in the sheaves ; the sheaves of a crop he did not sow and yet 
 harvests, the sheaves of blackmail levied on men whose continued peaceful pur- 
 suit of life depends on his absence, the sheaves of graft in its lowest form, the 
 es of wages that belong to the toiler's wife and children, the sheaves reaped 
 by midnight assault and assassinations under cover in the name of labor, the 
 heaves rung from giant corporations who, rather than see their business in 
 turmoil, have not had the moral courage to resist this moral parasite on the 
 ommercial body, the sheaves wrung by an industrial prostitute who coquettes 
 with both capital and labor and steals from both, the sheaves extorted by a 
 moral counterfeit without convictions or ideas, who is first, last and all the 
 time for sale to the highest bidder, the sheaves of boodle taken promiscuously 
 from everyone by a human rattlesnake Avho cares for nothing or nobody so long 
 as he thrives; in short, the sheaves of silver extorted by the kisses of betrayal 
 of this modern Judas, who has for long years past crucified labor, but who, 
 lacking the courage of Iscariot after the dread deed in Gethsemane, will not go 
 and hang himself for the everlasting benefit of the American people. 
 
 Another case of flagrant discrimination is to be seen in the bricklayers, 
 where a resolution was passed to the effect that any apprentice desiring to 
 learn the trade must be a bricklayer's son. Think of that, ye free-born Ameri- 
 can citizens! Not much chance for your son to learn the bricklayer's trade. 
 
 standard Oil combination ever planned a more ruthless monopoly than 
 that; no Pierpont Morgan in his most conscienceless moments ever attempted to 
 grab as much as these enterprising bricklayers. 
 
 They simply propose to arrogate entirely and absolutely to themselves and 
 their descendants an entire and important branch of industrial activity. 
 
 **&. 
 
 We print from the Wasp of April 30th an extract showing one instance, 
 at least, in which two ruffians got their deserts in the shape of a good, stiff 
 fine. All honor to Judge Cabaniss, who had the firmness to enforce the law 
 where it is sadly needed. 
 
 GOT WHAT THEY DESERVED. 
 
 Judge Cabaniss recently taught two brawling union "pickets" an object 
 n, which, it is hoped, will be followed by the other Judges when an oppor- 
 tunity presents, and with more severity. These brawlers, W. W. Smith a 
 Alfred Taylor, who were picketed in front of a cloak dealer's store on Market 
 Street, near Six+h, varied the monotony of insulting the customers by applying 
 some of their remarks to two of the young women employes. This led to t 
 arrest of the offenders. One of them was fined $100 and the other $ 
 having the money, they were taken to jail. In imposing the sentence Judge 
 Cabaniss informed the' rowdies that they had gone too far that people wh 
 were not members of unions have as much right to seek employment as have 
 members of unions, and the law will protect them in this right. The Judge 
 further stated that the next offenders brought before him would receive the : 
 penalty of fine and imprisonment. 
 
 We cannot resist adding an interview with F. W. Fuller in the Post of the 
 
 1 WeVope the reader as he peruses this extract will remember that this poor 
 unfortunate is a man with a family dependent on him and that, because 1 
 what any man with a spark of manhood in him would do attempted to provide 
 for them he suffered as depicted below. 
 
 92 
 
RUFFIAN EGAN STILL IN JAIL. 
 THE VICTIM SPEAKS OF His COWABDLY ASSAILANT. 
 
 J. W. Fuller, the stableman w,ho was so badly beaten up by the four thugs 
 yesterday under the leadership of Joe Egan, has 'been removed to his home at 
 No. 328 Third Street, and is now under medical 
 
 His left hand is swollen to twice its natural size, and the dislocated finger 
 13 in a bad condition. 
 
 The skin is broken and the flesh is torn at the base of the finger and the 
 whole hand is so stiff and sore from the attempt to break his hand that to move 
 it causes acute pain. 
 
 Both Mr. Fuller's eyes are blackened, the right one being much swollen, 
 while a four-inch cut on the forehead and numerous cuts and lumps on the back 
 of his head prove the brutality of his punishment. 
 
 FULLER SPEAKS. 
 ;iking of the assault this morning Fuller said:* 
 
 "I went to work for Mr. Kelly two weeks ago and must say the linn has 
 
 % 
 
 "The day after I commenced work one of the union men, whose name I do 
 not know, came around and told me I had better quit, that the man who drove 
 that wagon before me was now in the hospital, and I had, better be careful. 
 
 "Well, I paid no particular attention to him, and he kept telling me every 
 iay or so to knock off, but I have a wife to support, and if I don't work we will 
 starve. Anyway, I am a law-abiding citizen, and don't believe in unions or 
 boycotts, and I worked anyway. 
 
 "Well, yesterday I was driving along when without a word of warning an 
 rin was thrown around my neck and I was pulled backward off the wagon. 
 
 "They kicked me and cursed me, and then the leader, the one they say is 
 Egan, ran back to the wagon and grabbed a pitchfork and hit me with that. 
 
 "Then one of them held my hand and tried to bend three fingers back, and 
 not being strong enough he took the one and bent it until it laid back along the 
 back of my hana, and he said he guessed I wouldn't do any more driving for a 
 
 PUT IN AMBULANCE. 
 
 "Then some one came up and they got me into an ambulance and to the 
 hospital, but I wanted to come home. 
 
 "Now, I don't know how long it will be before I can go to work, but one 
 bhing" and Mr. Fuller partially raised on his well arm " I'll never, t>- 
 join a union if I never work. 
 
 "A year ago, when I first came to the oity, they said their unions were full 
 and I couldn't join. Now they want me to, but I am in favor of law and order 
 and I don't think unions are for anything but oppression and disturbance and 
 I'll fight them all I can. 
 
 -. [ know the man who was the leader. I saw him plainly; you know 
 they brought him here to be identified last night," and Mr. Fuller" lafd further 
 back in his pillows and shook his head wearily. 
 
 COWABDLY ATTACK. 
 
 "You know," Mrs. Fuller broke in, " it would not have been so cowardly if 
 one man had attacked him, but to have four, and for them to come on him fror* 
 behind without a word of warning! Why, a highwayman will meet you face 
 to face, but to think that in America, the land of the supposedly free man. a 
 Mian cannot work for his daily bread," and she looked sorrowfully down at her 
 husband, who smiled back at her in a reassuring way. 
 
 Citizens' Alliance stated that thp. Chief of Police had done his duty and had 
 arrested men we did not think he would, but there is something wrong somewlvrr. 
 
 POLICE JUDGES. 
 
 "The police judges are very willing to let a case go over, and they do not 
 seem to work to any advantage in keeping thugs down, else why would these men 
 who are arrested and re-arrested for the same thing be allowed their liberty to 
 jo on with their underhand work. 
 
 "If Egan does get bail this time it will be a big sum, and if evidence, direct, 
 ^incontrovertible evidence, will not convict him well we had better quit. 
 
 "And yet these unions that pretend to discountenance acts of any violance 
 whatever, bail him out and supply him with money to live. 
 
 "And this Fuller case is one of many. We have plenty of cases where a 
 Man trying to earn an honest living is in some way abused by union men. We 
 
 93 Continued on page 96 
 
Here is a typical specimen of San Francisco's Walking Delegate 
 
 SAN .FRANCISCO CALL, SATURDAY, MAY U, 1904, 
 
 MOTHER AND CHILDREN 
 LEFT TO WORLD'S MERCY 
 
 George W; Loring, Business Agent Retail Drivers'! 
 Union, Deserts His Wife and Babies She Tells 
 Most Pitiful Story of Her Distressing Plight 
 
 An alleged case of desertion and 
 extreme cruelty is told by. Mrs. George 
 W. Loring, wife of George W. Loring, 
 business agent' of the Retail Drivers 
 Union, Local -No. 278. 
 
 With two young children, Ruth, 
 barely three years of age, and Beula, 
 six months old, Mrs, Loring wept in 
 her vacant rooms 'at 103 Leaven- 
 worth street yesterday and told 
 how she had to- depend for food on 
 her neighbors, while there was left b\it 
 one bed in the house; floors earpetless, 
 no stove, excepting a small oil stove 
 brought to her by a kindly neighbor, 
 on which k to cook whatever -might be 
 sent in for her and her little mites. 
 
 Mrs. Loring, a refined and gentle 
 .woman," had this to say abojit her 
 woefuHplight: 
 
 My husband. George W. v Loring. is- business 
 agent of the Retail Drivers' Union Local No. 
 278, .and his cruelty toward me reached a cli- 
 max when on Tuesday he brutally struck me 
 and tore my dress. 
 
 Last Monday the furniture was taken to sat- 
 isfy a mortgage of $175. We were left with 
 the one bed and not even having the necessary 
 conveniences with which to attend my little 
 one. 
 
 Tuesday my husband came In with a man 
 named John Bosky. He askld for dinner. We 
 had only the ,HtUe stove and! I was not pre- 
 pared to cook a -3Q inner. He struck me. and 
 little Ruth. seeing- her fathers treatment 
 screamed until-. I fe^-ed the child would have a 
 fit. 
 
 Bosky, ^who belongs to"th* ame union as my 
 husband, did not Interfere in my behalf. 
 
 At this part of the sad recital the 
 child chimed in and said with tears, 
 welling up in her expressive "eyes: 
 "Yes, papa beat- mamma." 
 "Mrs. Loring continued: 
 He then left the house and on Wednesday I 
 
 ' 
 
 had him arrested and charged with battery. 
 The hearing: came up before Judge Fritz, but 
 this brutal man was able to get off with a rep- 
 rimand on his promise to look after his family. 
 
 Why should this be? Why should a man be 
 given protection which his victim seeks but Is 
 denied? Is it. politic?, or what is it that a 
 man can beat his wife and be allowed to go 
 scott free? 
 
 I am smarting 'under the assault, I am be- 
 side myself in this all but empty house with 
 my poor children. What aid am I given by 
 the law? None, while he is able to p*t his 
 liberty to assault again &\ hie own free will. . 
 
 I have been told to go, to the California So- 
 ciety for he Prevention of Cruelty to Chil- 
 dren," but J would die 'sooner than part with 
 ray children, and that, I understand,- they 
 would propose. 
 
 A Sheriff came on Thursday evening, but on 
 seeing: the .children and my position he had 
 not ,the heart to turn us- out on the street. 
 My husband as business Agent of the. .union 
 is In receipt of $100 .a month, and think of his 
 leaving even the children without sustenance 
 and apparently caring little what becomes of 
 us. 
 
 Mr. McJElroy. agent of ex-Mayor Phelan's 
 estate, of which our home is a part, has, been 
 exceedingly kind . and good. His forbearance 
 In uot pressing, us to the extreme was a gen- 
 erous act. 
 
 Robert McElroy, agent for ex-May- 
 or Phelan, said it, seemed to him o 
 be a deplorable case for a woman to 
 be left as 'had Mrs. Loring. 
 
 Loring, he said, had not paid pent 
 since last March. He expressed his 
 deep sorrow for the plight in which he 
 found her. He. speaks in high terms; 
 of Mrs. Loring, who told him .of the ; 
 treatment she is subjected to at the : 
 hands of her husband. 
 
 The unfortunate woman hopes to be- 
 advised to-day as to the best thing- 
 she can d.o under the circumstances. 
 She is almost beside herself in fear 
 hat she may be put out on the streets 
 with her children. 
 
 94 
 

 
are doing all in our power to help such men out, and our organization is daily 
 growing stronger, and we are going to win out in this case, as well as any others 
 we take up." g. F. Post. 
 
 Enough, said. That bold statement of Mr. Fuller's will ** yet bear fruit. 
 There is justice left in the world although sometimes it seems slow, but let us 
 
 "The mills of the gods grind slowly, 
 Yet they grind exceeding small." 
 
 The mills in these cases are just starting to grind. 
 
 <*^. 
 
 These terrible actions cannot be laid to the men as a body. They are the 
 result of the ever-present professional working man who, arrayed in .fine raiment 
 and gifted with a specious flow of language and an assumption of superiority, 
 impresses upon the real worker the idea that this course of action must be pursued. 
 
 The great body of men everywhere are right meaning and right acting, anL 
 need but an honest leader to insure this community against such nonsense as 
 this. 
 
 The blustering threats that lately formed such an important part of the 
 
 k in trade of the agitator are just now conspicuous by their absence. Evem 
 they are getting just a little restless under the somewhat ominous conditions 
 that prevail. There is a feeling of expectancy in the situation. The hostile 
 forces are lined up and a preliminary skirmish which would have ended in a 
 complete rout for the unionists had it developed into a battle, has already 
 occurred. No declaration of war has been made, but the scrupulous punctilio 
 that obtains between two duelists- on the field is maintained and each side is 
 absolutely determined not to recede. 
 
 Labor conditions are improving all the time; the universal system of edu- 
 cation that prevails is doing more to improve them than all the unions that 
 ever existed. Wages everywhere are rising. In not a country on the globe 
 have they a downward tendency. In the face of these self-evident propositions in 
 regard to the condition of workers as a body, a small fraction of that body, 
 known as "union men," form a species of close corporation and demands that 
 the benefits arising from the advance of civilization accrue to them alone. Such 
 condition cannot obtain. 
 
 It is selfish, unnatural and cowardly. A large proportion of these unionists 
 profess' socialism, profess to believe in the absolute equality of all men, and 
 revile their more fortunate fellow-citizens who have a few dollars in the severest 
 terms. 
 
 They say nothing of their own action, however, in forming a clique that for- 
 bids the honest outsider who does not belong to them to exist, 
 
 A parallel to their case is to be found in the action of the English judge, 
 who, when a tramp was brought before him on the charge of begging, pleaded 
 in extenuation of his offense that he had to live; to which the judge sententiously 
 replied that he did not see the necessity of it. We contend that the action of these 
 laborit.es is precisely similar. They, like the judge referred to, have corralled 
 the means of a comfortable existence for themselves and do not recognize that 
 others must live. They practically tell, by their arbitrary actions, a vast body 
 of laboring men outside their organizations "to go off and die." But these 
 men do not propose to go off and die, and as a result of their determination 
 this vicious unionism is trembling under the onslaught that is being made OH 
 it all over the country. In conclusion we would say that from our point of view 
 we have thoroughly proven our case. There is no room for a Scotch verdict. 
 Fi<nires mav be" distorted into apparent lying, but facts cannot be. And the 
 facts, a measly few out of thousands at hand, have been presented. If an un- 
 prejudiced mail can read this book and then say that violence and intimidatio* 
 are not practised by these unions, then we would say that even though he were 
 laid out with a brass-knuckled upper-cut at the hands of a picket he would 
 
 Judge Cabaniss this morning sentenced Robert Hayes to pay a fine of $25 for carrying 
 concealed weapons. Members of the Stablemens' Union who were present promptly paid 
 the fine. Hayes is a member of the notorious Joseph (Kid) Egan gang. Egan is a wait- 
 ins trial on a charge of assault to murder on the person of J. W. Fuller. May 20, 1004. 
 
 The writer of these lines would take great pleasure in pulling on the rope that should 
 stretch the necks of these moral lepers. 
 
 , , JETerbert V. 
 
 OF THE " \ The usual curtesies extended to the press. 
 
 UNIVERSITY T 
 
 V OF / 
 
A local application of a sacred text. Matt, x*?, 41. Depart from me ye cursed in < 
 everlasting fire, prepared lor the Devil and his angel*. 
 
coco 
 
 
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