5LOYD EDUCATIONAL MANUAL TRAINING SCHWARTZ. SLOYD OR EDUCATIONAL MANUAL TRAINING WITH PAPER, CARDBOARD, WOOD, AND IRON FOR PRIMARY, GRAMMAR, AND HIGH SCHOOLS. BY EVERETT SCHWARTZ, Master of the Waltham Manual Training School; Instructor in Manual Training at Martha's Vineyard Summer Institute; formerly of Cook County Normal School; Comins School, Boston; and post Graduate of the Normal Sloyd School, Nads, Sweden. EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY. BOSTON. NEW YORK. CHICAGO. COPYRIGHT BY EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING COMPANY. The object of this book is to give to teachers a complete system of work, based upon purely educational principles, extending from the kinder- garten through the high school ; a system that has been tried with success in some of the best schools, and pronounced most excellent by leading educa- tors of the country ; a system, too, that the best educated mechanics con- sider sound and practical as well as progressive. Moreover, it is a system that will set teachers to thinking and inventing for themselves ; and, while it will give them an opportunity to learn how to make correctly with tools the models preparatory to teaching, it will cause them to see the vital connection between the Manual Training and the other school work. Moreover, it is a system that teaches the fundamental principles of of drawing, designing, and construction and also the correct use of all kinds of wood-working and forging tools. The first exercises in this work are so simple that they can be per- formed by any child in the lowest primary classes, and are so graded in number, form and drawing as to meet successfully its intellectual growth from day to day. The book is the outcome of many years experience in teaching and study with the foremost teachers in the United States and Europe ; and its chief purpose is to show that Manual Training, in its best forms, can be introduced into the schools of every city, town, and village with success and at comparatively small expense. The author wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Mr. Geo. W. Whittemore, Assistant Master in the Waltham Manual Training School for valuable help in arranging the exercises and models in the forge shop. 2O66Q42 CONTENTS. I. PAPKR WORK II. CARD-BOARD WORK . III. ADVANCED CARD-BOARD WORK. USEFUL ARTICLES . . 83 IV. WOOD- WORK. SLOYD 117 V. WOOD-TINNING, CARVING, STAINING AND FINISHING . . 199 VI. IRON- WORK. FORGING INTRODUCTION. In the preparation of a system of manual training, the educator should have for his end and aim the educational value of the work. He should also know, and come in such close contact with other school work, that he will see the importance of manual training, and be able, through existing circumstances and conditions, to see and make the connection between it and all other subjects in the school. The first step, as shown in the kindergarten, must be to train the powers of observation, producing new growth in the mental organism. This is done with exercises of placing, putting, building, leading up to drawing and construction. These are also forcible means in training the imagination, and inventive skill, and are invaluable lessons in language, number, form and geometry. There are many kinds of work, founded on or developed from the kindergarten occupations that will serve for the purpose of manual training, with drawing as a component part of each. In drawing, the eye is rendered more accurate, and the hand is brought more completely under the will than by any other exercise ; but in itself it is not sufficient, it must be supplemented by its application to work in paper, card-board, wood and other material, and in the making from the drawing that which the drawing represents. Because paper-work has been used to a great extent in the kindergarten and in the home, it is best, perhaps, to begin with it in the first primary, 4 INTRODUC'ftoN. keeping in mind that the work must form the basis and material for a great many lessons in .attention, language, number, form-drawing, reading and writing ; and that the article made should be of such a form and nature, and so systematically arranged that there will be a steady growth in all phases of the work. "But just what shall I do? what can the children make? how can these things be made ? what instruments and tools would they need ? how can number, language, etc., be taught with it?" These are questions often asked by teachers. No teacher should feel confined to a certain set of models, but rather, let the desired exercises be embodied in a good model original with the pupil or teacher, being careful to keep the general trend of thought the same. The first series of diagrams will show models and exercises that have been used in Boston schools with success. For a room of fifty-six pupils the following tools and material would be needed : One thousand sheets of white or colored paper, and about the constituency of good writing paper, cut accurately eight inches square. Obtain this from some wholesale house, sending sample and dimensions ; a few ounces of worsted, the colors selected being such that will blend with the colors of the paper ; fifty-six hard wood, one foot rulers one and three- eighths inches wide, with beveled edge and graduated into one inch, one- half inch, one-quarter inch, one-eighth inch spaces ; fifty-six lead pencils (" Dixou's American Graphite, M," is good), with fine point; fifty-six rubber erasers ; fifty-six pairs good pencil dividers, that can be easily adjusted ; fifty-six pairs good six inch scissors ; fifty-six darning needles. All these, excepting the paper, can be kept in a neatly made cloth case, with an apartment for each tool and kind of material, and can be rolled up or hung on the inside of a closet-door. SLOYD OR EDUCATIONAL MANUAL TRAINING, PART. I. PAPER WORK. Example No. 1. Have the children sit squarely in their seats, both feet on the floor. Have them hold up their right hands, left hands, the index finger of right and left hands. Have them touch with an index finger the front edge of their desks, which is the edge next to them ; the same exercise with the back, right, and left edges, the back right corner, the back left, front right, and front left. Begin here by having the children, one at a time, give directions. Example No. 2. Choose as many pupils as there are rows of seats, selecting those who need the training the most, and have them help in giving out the work. Have a certain place for every thing and teach their name and uses as they are given out, and let it be done in the following manner : Hold up a ruler before the pupils, write the word on the board, and have them speak the wore}, then will the ruler, the written and oral* word be associated in the mind. 7 8 SLOYD. The work should be given out in the following order : Place the paper on the desks so that one of its edges will be parallel with and about two inches from the front edge of the desk and directly in front of you. Now repeat with the paper Example Xo. 1. Example No. 3. Take up the rulers, find the long mark near Fig. 1. Question. How far is it from there to the nearest corner? Answer. -One inch. (Repeat this with two inches, three inches, and four inches.) Have them see that the corner of the ruler most used is where the one inch begins. Place the corner of the ruler on the back left corner of the paper and have the edge of the ruler parallel with the back edge of the paper ; then place a fine point on the paper directl} 7 below the four inch mark, with the pencil held in a vertical position. Question. How far is the point from the back left corner? Answer. Four inches. Question. How far is it from the back right corner? Answer. Four inches. Question. What have you done to the edge ? Answer. Bisected it, or divided it into two equal parts. Question. What shall we call the point? Answer. The middle point, or point of bisection. The pupils now bisect the other edges of their paper. SLOYD. Example No. 4. Teach now opposite edges, opposite corners and points. Place the ruler so that the edge shall connect the point in the back edge with the point in the front edge. To hold the ruler firmly, divide it into thirds with the thumb and the fore and middle finger. Hold the pencil as you are taught to hold the pen, then join with a line the points connected by the ruler, beginning at the back ; join the remaining opposite points, beginning at the left in drawing the line. 10 SLOYD. MODEL No. 1. WALL POCKET. Example No. 5. Now put the model, which is a wall- pocket, where all can see it, and without direction have them fold their papers as the folding is done in the model. Have the worsted cut to the right length and teach them how to thread it into the needle, and to catch up the corners and make a loop to hang it by, as shown in the diagram, and model No. 1 is finished. SLOYD. MODEL No. 2 WINDMILL. Place the paper in position. Exercise No. 7. Place the ruler from back right to front left corners, and draw the diagonal. Draw the other diagonal. (Teach here that the square is now divided into four equal parts, and the middle point is found). Exercise No. 8. Take up the dividers, loosen the adjust- ing screw and open them so that the distance between the pivot and marking points will equal one inch. Place the pivot point at the centre of the square, grasp the dividers at their extreme upper end, with the tip.s of the thumb and fore-linger, and then make a circle by twirling the dividers, keeping the hand and arm in one position. Teach here, the circle, centre, circumference, radius, and diameter. SLOYD. Exercise No. 9. Take up the paper with the left hand, and with the scissors, beginning at the corners, cut along the diagonals to the circumference of the circle. Bend the upper corner of the right quarter, the right corner of the front quarter, the lower corner of the left quarter, and the left corner of the back quarter to the centre. Catch up these corners as indicated in the diagram, sewing through the back. The pupils should fold and sew the form from the model and not from dictation). MODEL No. 3. CYLINDER WALL POCKET. 3. Show the model. Bisect the right and left edges and join these points with a line. (Teach here the oblong.) Bisect the right and left edges of the front oblong, connect with the ruler SLOYD. 18 these points, and along its edge in the oblong, place points one inch (I'') from the right and left edges. Open the dividers one and one-fourth inches (1 1-4") and with these points as centers inscribe circles. Cut out the circles and upper oblong. Bend the right edge of the oblong over the left edge lapping one-half inch (1-2"). Sew these together forming a cylinder. Sew one circular piece to one end of the cylinder and use the other for a hanger. MODEL No. 4. CUBICAL MATCH-SAFE. 3 2 s 6 Bisect all edges of the paper. 14 SLOYD. Exercise No. 1O. Bisect all halves of edges. (Teach here quadrisecting and opposite points). Join with lines all opposite points. (Teach from the model, the number and shape of the faces and the r-liape it takes when unfolded). The square to the right of the back left square is No. 1, the one in front of 1 is 2, the one to the left of 2 is 3, the one to the right of 2 is 4, the one in front of 2 is 5 and the one in front of 5 is 6. Cut, fold, and sew from the model. SLOYD. MODEL No. 5. OBLONG COMB-CASE. X Co Have the pupils examine the model, teach the oblong, its faces, etc., and its relation to the cube. Let a number of them go to the board and draw the shape as it would appear if unfolded. Be sure that all can see the construction, and then, without directions, have them draw the diagram. Cut, fold, and sew the oblong, excepting one face with a loop for hanging as in the cube. it: SLOYD. MODEL No. 6. TEIANGULAE WALL-POCKET. Present the model. Teach here the triangular prism, and have the pupils, by measuring, see that the sides of the triangular ends are equal. Exercise No. 11. Draw on the board a square, construct within the square on one of its sides an equilateral triangle, by means of arcs with a pair of chalk dividers ; and following the plan as with the oblong, have the pupils draw their diagram. Fold and sew the triangular prism, leaving one oblong face with loop for hanging. SLOYD. 17 MODEL, No. 7. SQUARE BOX. Present model. Have pupils obtain measurements from the model, draw diagram, cut away the corners, fold and sew without dictation. 18 SLOYD. MODEL No. 8. SQUARE BOX. Bisect right and left edges and find center of square. Open the dividers 3 1-2' and with the center of the square as a center inscribe a circle. With the same point as a center inscribe a 4" circle. Place the ruler from right to left across the paper through the center and where it crosses the circumference of the smaller circle, place points. Exercise No. 12. With these points as centers and with a radius equal to 1 3-4' describe arcs above the center, between the circumference of the circles. Place the ruler across the paper through intersection of arcs and the center, and where it crosses the circumference of the smaller circle place points. Join all adjacent points and extend the lines to the circumference of the larger circle. Cut along the circumference of larger circle, cut away triangular corners, fold up the sides and sew from the model. SLOYD. 1!) MODEL No 9. CONE PIN-HOLDER. Find center of square, open dividers 3 1-2", from the center inscribe a circle and draw a diameter to the circle from right to left, using points. Unfold the model and have them cut, fold and sew, leaving loop at the base for hanging. SLOYD. TRIANGULAR PYRAMID CATCH-ALL. MODEL No. 10. SLOYD 21 (Present model and then unfold, to show that all sides and the large triangle of which they are composed are equilateral triangles.) On the left edge of the square and 1 ' from the front left corner, place a point ; place a point opposite on the right edge. Join with the ruler these points, and beginning 1" from the left point, draw a line 6' long in the square. Construct on the board on a given line, by means of arcs, an equilateral triangle. (Have the pupils see the construction of the triangles in the folding and then draw their diagrams). Bisect all edges of the large triangle, join all adjacent points, fold and sew, leaving one side with loop for hanging. SLOYD. MODEL No. 11. SQUARE PYRAMID WASTE-HOLDER. From the center of the square inscribe a 7" circle. Draw a right and left diameter to the circle. Open the dividers equal to the radius of the circle. Exercise No. 13. Place the dividers at the right end of diameter and with arcs cut the circumference above and below. Draw corresponding arcs from left end of diameter, dividing the circumference into six equal parts. Join all adjacent points, making a hexagon within the circle. Join all opposite points, dividing the hexagon into six equilateral triangles. The back triangle is No. 1, back right No. 2, front right No. 3, front No. 4, front left No. 5, and back left No. 6. Unfold the model and have the pupils see the construction. Cut, fold, and sew, leaving loop for hanging. SLOYD. MODEL No. 12. HEXAGONAL BOX. From center of square inscribe a 4" and 7" circle. By placing points in the right and left sides of smaller circle, divide the circumference into two equal parts, and from these points construct a hexagon in the circle. Number the left corner 1, the back left 2, back right 3, right 4, front right 5 and front left 6. Join, with the ruler, points 1 and 3, and draw lines from these points to the circumference of larger circle. Draw corresponding lines from points 2 and 4, 3 and 5, 4 and 6, 5 and 1, 6 and 2. From the model cut, fold, and sow. 24 SLOYD. MODEL No. 13. OCTAGONAL BOX. Exercise No. 14. From center of square inscribe a 4" and 7" circle. Divide the circumference of smaller circle into two equal parts, with points in the right and left sides. Open the dividers 1 3-4" and from these points make intersection of arcs above the center and between the circumferences of circles, join with the ruler intersection of arcs with center and where the ruler crosses the circumference of smaller circle, place points, dividing SLOYD. 25 it now into four equal parts. From the right point with radius equal to 1 3-4" describe arcs in the back right and front right corners of square, repeat the exercise from the remaining points, making intersection of arcs in all corners of square. Join with the ruler opposite intersections, placing points in circumference of smaller circle, dividing the circle now into eight equal parts. Join all adjacent points, making an octagon. Join with the ruler, points 1 and 4, and from these points draw lines to the circumference of larger circle, from points 2 and 5, 3 and 6, 4 and 7, 5 and 8, 6 and 1, 7 and 2, 8 and 3. draw corresponding lines. From the model cut, fold, and sew. SLOYD. MODEL No. 14. TWELVE-SIDED BASKET. From center of square inscribe a 4" and 6" circle, indicate ends of horizontal and vertical diameters by points as in the octagon. Open the dividers equal to the radius of larger circle and from the right point draw arcs across the circumference above and below, draw corresponding arcs from remaining points, dividing the circumference into twelve equal parts. With these twelve points as centers and a radius equal to 1" inscribe circles. Cut around the outer edge of figure, and cut out the elliptical figures inside. Sew, so as to make flaring sides. PART II. CARD-BOARD WORK, FUNDAMENTAL FORMS AND MODIFICATIONS. Tools and material needed. A drawing board; some rulers, pencils, erasers, shears and dividers, as were used in the paper series ; as many sharp-pointed shoe knives as there are pupils ; one-half dozen ten cent cans of Le Page's Liquid Glue ; one thous- and sheets of white paper, the same as in other series, cut twelve inches by seventeen inches ; one thousand sheets of white card- board, of good quality and a little thicker than a postal card, cut twelve by fourteen inches. Send to some wholesale house for samples, and have the cutting done by them. The object of this work is to help, in an intense degree, in teaching the many subjects that have to do in a direct way with number and form, and forms the basis of future calculations. This is taught intuitively and with a great deal of interest, as the pupils think and work out their thoughts. Instead of memoriz- ing rules that others have made through investigation and thought, 27 28 SLOYD they make their own rules, compile their own arithmetic and geometry. The models being made of white card-board, renders them very valuable as a series of models for drawing, and therefore saves the cost of a set made of plaster or wood. The pupils can invent many modifications of these forms, and no matter how far advanced a class may be in number and form work, these models will always be found useful material. Such as the following can lie given in- square and cubic measure : Make a box to contain nine cubic inches. Make a box of different shape to contain the same number of cubic inches. This is also valuable work for the teaching of concise and cor- rect English, and the pupils become acquainted with the use of terms that are best learned in connection with real work. The work is done with thicker and tougher material than was used in the paper series, and one sees that, in order to do the work, it requires all the skill of hand and mind formerly acquired, and a systematic growth in both. To test the real growth of ideas and skill of hand, free hand drawing should be taught in connection with it, and also have them draw the same diagrams of the card-board forms on paper, free hand, then cut and fold. As the models are arranged in the series one can trace the growth of one form from another, but in some cases forms that should come early in the series are put in later, on account of the SLOYD. 29 difficulties in making ; but in such cases they can be made of paper in their true position, and afterwards in card-board. MODEL No. 1. CUBE. Present a cube to the class, and develop the idea of its form when unfolded, as with the cube in the paper series. This series of models being entirely closed on all sides, it is necessary that there shall be laps or margins, adhering to the sides for gluing. Have the pupils tell how- many laps are needed, and where. When this is clear in the minds of the pupils, erase what may have been drawn on the blackboard as an illustration, and, for a lesson in attention and accuracy, have them draw the diagram from dictation as follows, being careful to give directions slowly, concisely, and not to repeat them if possible : Bisect the back edge of the paper; place the corner of the ruler at this point, so that the short edge of the ruler will coincide with the back edge of the paper ; along the edge of the ruler, place a point four inches below the point of bisection. Place points directly opposite on the right and left edges of paper. Connect the three points with ruler, having the six inch mark rest upon the middle point. This middle point shall be the middle point of a two inch line. Draw the line. Place the corner of ruler at the right end of this line so that the short edge of ruler shall exactly coincide with the line, and, beginning at the right end of line, let fall a 30 SLOYD. 3 3 PS "/ 3: SLOYD. 31 perpendicular along the edge of ruler, eight and one-fourth inches in length. Beginning at the upper end of this line set off a one-fourth inch space, and below this point four two inch spaces. The point one-fourth below the horizontal line is point No. 1, the point two inches below No. 1 is point No. 2 ; below No. 2 is No. 3 ; below No. 3 is No. 4. From the lower end of this line draw a perpendicular two inches to the left ; connect the left ends of two horizontal lines, placing and numbering points as before. Connect points No. 1, extending the line one-fourth of an inch to the right and one-fourth inch to the left. Connect points No. 2, extending the line two and one-fourth inches to right and left ; draw a corresponding line through points No. 3 ; connect right ends of lines extending through Nos. 2 and 3 : connect the left ends of these lines. Connect points No. 4, extending the line one-fourth of an inch to right and left. On the line extending through points No. 2, place points a one-fourth of an inch from each end ; place corresponding points on line extending through No. 3, and connect opposite points. Construct similar margins on right and left sides of upper square ; and on the square below the middle square. On the upper horizontal line place a point one-fourth of an inch from the right end. Join this point with point No. 1 ; cut all corners of all margins in like manner. 32 SLOYD Transfer the drawing upon card-board to a scale of two inches to three inches, or the making of a three inch cube. Have the class tell along which lines to crease for folding. This should be done along the edge of the ruler with the point of a sharp knife, drawing the knife toward you in a cutting position and cutting the card-board half way through. Now with the shears cut along the outer edges of the whole diagram. Then cut away corners of margins. Fold so that the creases shall be on the outside and the margins inside. Spread a thin coating of glue upon the outside of margins, and glue carefully together, one side at a time. SLOYD. 33 MODEL No. 2. SQUARE PRISM. Bisect the back edge of paper. Place a point on the left edge four inches from the back left corner. Place a point directly opposite on the right edge. Place a point midway between points. The point last placed shall be the middle point of a four inch horizontal line. Draw the line. From the right end of this line let fall an eight and one-fourth inch perpendicular. From the lower end of this line draw a horizontal line four inches to the left. Connect the left ends of horizontal lines. In the right vertical beginning at the upper end set oft* a one-fourth inch space and below it four two-inch spaces. Place corresponding points on left vertical. The points on verticals one- fourth inch from the upper ends are points No. 1 ; those two inches below are No. 2 ; those two inches below No. 2 are No. 3, and so on down. Join points No. 1, extending the line one-fourth inch to the right and left. Join points No. 2, extending the line two and one-fourth inches to the right and left. Draw a corresponding line through points No. 3, then connect points No. 4, extending the line one-fourth inch to the right and left. Connect the right and left ends of the lines extending through points No. 2 and No. 3. , On lines drawn through points 2 and 3 u SLOYD. ^ "0 \ I - ** . \\.V|t SLOYD. 35 S place points one-fourth inch from the right and left ends. Connect opposite points. Construct similar margins on the right and left edges of the upper oblong, and the above the lower oblong. Cut all corners of all margins as in the cube Transfer on cardboard to the scale of three inches to two inches. Crease, cut, fold, and glue, as in the cube. 36 SLOYD. ua \\cyA\cw Y xv. S %. SLOYD. 37 MODEL No. 3. TRIANGULAR PRISM. With chalk dividers construct upon the black-board an equian- gular triangle, upon a given line, by means of arcs. Directions for drawing diagram : Bisect the back edge of the paper. On the left edge place a point four inches from the back left corner ; place one directly opposite on the right edge ; also place one midway between points. The point last placed shall be the middle point of a four-inch horizontal line. Draw the line. From the right end of this line let fall a perpendicular six and one-fourth inches in length. From the lower end of this line draw a perpendicular four inches to the left. Connect the left ends of horizontal lines, On these vertical lines place points one-fourth inch from their upper ends and below set off three two-inch spaces, numbering points as in the cube and square prism. Join all opposite points. Cut the corners of the upper margin as in the cube. Open the dividers equal to the length of the short side of the oblong ; place the metal point at point No. 3 to the right ; place the pencil point at point No. 2 ; beginning there, construct an arc about two and one-half inches in length to the right. SLOYD. V V.S YV\, Place the metal point at point No. 2 ; construct an arc to the right, intersecting the preceding arc ; join intersection of arcs with points 2 and 3. Construct a corresponding triangle on the left side of the same oblong. Transfer to card-board to the scale of two inches to three inches. Crease, cut, fold, and glue, using the circular margins on the sides of the triangles. SLOYD. No. 4. SQUARE PYRAMID. Place the paper so that the long edges will be parallel with the front edge of the desk. Bisect the back edge of the paper ; four inches from this point, directly towards the front edge, place a point ; with this point as the center, construct a four-inch circle ; draw a horizontal diameter of the circle ; from the ends of this 40 SLOYD. diameter construct a hexagon within the circle ; connect all opposite points in hexagon. The upper triangle will be side No. 1 ; upper right triangle, No. 2 ; lower right triangle, No. 3 ; and lower triangle No. 4. With the upper right corner of upper triangle as a center, construct a circular margin on left side of triangle No. 1. The base of the lower triangle shall be the upper side of a square ; construct the square. After transferring drawing to card-board, to a scale of one to two, cut out, preserving the circular margins on triangles Nos. 1, 2, and 3 ; crease, fold and glue. SLOYD. 41 K. No. 5. TRIANGULAR PYRAMID. Place paper so that the long edges will be parallel with the front edge of desk. Bisect the front edge of paper : three inches from this 'point and directly towards the back edge of paper, place a point ; with this point as a center, draw a six inch horizontal line; using this line as a base, construct a six inch equiangular triangle by means of arcs ; bisect all sides of .this triangle ; join SLOYD. points of bisection in right side with point in left side ; connect both of these points with center of base. Open the dividers equal to the length of side of small triangle ; place the metal point at lower right corner of upper triangle ; with this point as a center construct a circular margin on left side of upper triangle ; construct similar margins on the base of lower left triangle, and on the right side of lower right triangle. Transfer drawing on card-board to a scale of three to four ; cut, crease, fold and glue. SLOYD. V\VY v . r\. i. SLOYD. V\\ \\\\ vO V Y V S \Y\, On right and left sides of upper square and the one above lower square, construct one-fourth inch margins, cutting all corners as in cube. Transfer to card-board to a scale of two to three. Cut, crease, fold and glue. 50 SLOYD. Vj c\oV v \ r MODEL No. 9. OCTAHEDRON. Place paper so that the long edges shall be parallel with the front edge of desk ; bisect the back edge of paper ; four inches directly in front place a point ; with this point as a center draw a three inch circle. Place the ruler in position to draw the horizontal diameter where the ruler crosses the circumference place points ; using these SLOYD. points, divide the circumference into six equal parts ; connect all these points with the center. Draw chords of all arcs except the greater. On the left side of upper triangle construct a circular margin, on the base of lower triangle construct an equilateral triangle by means of arcs ; with the intersection of arcs as a center construct a three inch circle and within the circle, triangles as above with circular margin on upper triangle c In the first circle the upper triangle is No. 1 ; the upper right, No. 2 ; lower right, No. 3 ; and lower triangle No. 4. In the second circle, the upper triangle is No. 5 ; the upper right, No. 6 ; lower right, No. 7 ; and lower, No. 8. Transfer to a scale of one to two ; cut, crease, fold and glue. 52 SLOYD. ,y SLOYD. 53 MODEL No. 10. PAIR OF STEPS. Place paper so that the short edges will be parallel with the front of desk ; bisect the back edge ; four inches directly in front of this point place a point ; with this as a center draw a two inch hor- izontal line, which shall be the upper edge of an oblong two by eight and one-fourth inches ; draw the oblong. On right and left sides of oblong, beginning at the upper edge, set off a one-fourth inch space, below it two two inch spaces, below these four one inch spaces ; join all opposite points, Continue the upper side of second square one inch to right and one inch to left ; continue the lower side of the same square two inches to right and two inches to left ; from the right end of last line draw a one inch vertical line ; from the upper end of this line draw a perpendicular to the line one inch to the left ; from the left end of this line draw a one inch vertical line. SLOYD. Construct a similar figure on the left side of second square. On the right and left sides of upper square and the four oblongs, construct one-fourth inch margins, cutting corners as in cube. Transfer on cardboard to a scale of one to two ; cut, crease, fold and glue. SLOYD. 55 ^S.V&fc V NV <\ ^V\- * ^W. >r s \\. MODEL No. 11. PENTAGONAL PRISM. Place the paper so that the long edges will be parallel with the front of desk ; bisect the back edge, two inches from this point and directly towards the front edge, place a point; this point shall be the center of a six inch horizontal line ; draw the line ; this line shall be the upper edge of an oblong six inches by seven and three- fourths : draw the oblong. On the right and left sides of oblong, beginning at the upper edge, set off a one-fourth inch space and below it five one and one- half inch spaces ; join all opposite points. 56 SLOYD. Mark the lower left corner of oblong Xo. 3, A ; and the upper left corner B ; with A and B as center;? draw two three inch circles ; mark the intersection of these circles at the right, C ; join this point with intersection of circles to the left and extend the line Indefinitely to the left ; with C as a center draw a three inch circle ; mark where this circle crosses the line that joins the intesection, D ; mark where the circle intersects the upper circle in the upper right, E ; and where it crosses the lower circle in the lower right, F ; connect with ruler points E and D, and mark where the ruler crosses the lower circle in the lower left H ; join with the ruler points F and D and mark where the ruler crosses the upper circle in the upper left G. With a radius equal to one and one-half inches and with G and H as centers, draw intersection of arcs to the left on the line passing through points C and D. Mark this intersection I ; join B and G ; G and I ; I and H ; and H and A, forming a pentagon. SLOYD. 57 Draw a similar pentagon on the right side of same oblong ; on the right and left sides of all oblongs, except No. 3, construct one-fourth inch margins, cutting corners as in cube. Transfer drawing to card-board to a scale of one to one. Cut, crease, fold and glue. SLOYD. ,c\o\\c\ v vy a y a. a MODEL No. 12. PENTAGONAL PYRAMID. Place paper so that the long edges shall be parallel with the front of desk ; find the center of paper ; with this point as a center, draw a two and one-half inch circle ; draw its vertical diameter and divide it into five equal parts. SLOYD. 59 v v\ X ft. 6 V vy The point below the upper end is No. 1. : below it, No. 2 ; and so on. With a radius equal to the diameter and ends of diameter as centers, draw an intersection of arcs to the right. Place the ruler across the circle through point 2 and inter- section of arcs ; where the ruler crosses the circle to the left, place a point. A line drawn from this point to the upper end of diameter is one side of a pentagon : with the dividers set off the remaining sides. Each side shall be the base of an isosceles triangle having a slant height of two inches, with its apex pointing outward. Construct circular margins on alternate sides of all triangles. Transfer to a scale of one-half to one ; cut, crease, fold and glue. .60 SLOYD. 1 \\A\-C\ \ Y W. MODEL No. 13. CRYSTAL FORM. Place the paper so that the short edges shall be parallel with the front of desk ; bisect the back edge ; four inches in front of this point place a point ; this shall be the center of a six inch horizontal line ; draw the line : this line shall be the upper edge of an oblong six inches by six and one-fourth inches ; draw the oblong. On the right and left sides of oblong, beginning SLOYD. 61 at the upper edge, set off' a one-fourth inch space and below it, six one inch spaces ; join all opposite points. The right side of the third oblong shall be the base of an isosceles triangle having a slant height of two inches and the apex pointing outward. With this apex as a center, and a radius equal to the slant height of triangle, draw a circle. Draw within the circle five triangles equal to the one already drawn, draw three above and two below. On the left side of same oblong draw a similar figure ; on the right and left sides of all oblongs, except the third, construct a one- fourth inch margin, cutting the corners as in cube. Transfer to a scale of one inch to one inch, cut, crease, fold and glue. SLOYD. *O \ cx 86 SLOYD. O t cXv - V , 7A" SLOYD. 87 %, I ^LuV -. VlH" V V- "btaVu '|), a Vi \. . /" A. \ ^'vN\V.v\v<\. 32." SLOYD. SLOYD. v TovosX \\oUt -"-< O vv>.^ a> t.% ^f - o\x o * N\ u. \NV \. v\\. ft\ covv 90 SLOYD. Y'T ^ SLOYD. 91 &LOYD. \ < \ \ SLOYD. SLOYD. 7" *. v\ SLOYD. SLOYD. \" X,\" SLOYD. t '/C V V. 98 SLOYD. U. SLOYD. v fc\\x\ v 9" 100 SLOYD. SLOYD. 101 ^ * 102 SLOYD. SLOYD. 108 104 SLOYD. SLOYD. 105 V Is." \ rrjf ! 106 SLOYD. & /_ S tc (ft j f V O call = /" / /" SLOYD. 107 ' $2 Q c a/i - i K /. 108 SLOYD. SLOYD. 109 i K c) c &/e. - A. 'o/.' a-ocp. 110 SLOYD. SLOYD. Ill f^ cu 112 SLOYD. Sf SLOYI). C CL l-J. c G S C C' 113 114 SLOYI). 7 SLOY1). 115 -Tnuc/t y/f'nc/i Cu/~$ i-l() x 9 1-32 , using block- plane on ends. Transfer plan and elevation drawing to board. Hollow with ii'ouii'e. Finish bevel with plane. Finish remaining parts with sand-paper. SLOYD. 141 14, CUTTING BDARG, HALF SIZE: MODEL No. 14. CUTTING BOARD. Cut from a 7-s hoard apiece 10 1-S" x 1") 1-2". Prepare from tliis an oblong x 10 1-lfi" 15 1-16". Place drawing upon the board, and bore hole with auger bit. Cut around linos with turning-saw. Cut to line* with chisel and file. Finish broad surface with smoothing plane ; finish edges with sand-paper. 142 SLOYD. 15 FLDWE1R PDT REST FULL SIZE SLOYD. 143 MODEL No. 15. FLOWER POT REST. Cut from a 1-2" board a piece 1 1-4" x 11". Plane to a width of 17-32", to a thickness of 13-32". Cut this cross-wise into two equal parts. Place these two together and considering both as one, cut to an oblong 5 1-32". Draw the plan upon opposite sides. Place pieces carefully together in the vice and cut to the line with saw, chisel, knife, and file. Finish with sand-paper. 144 SLOYI). SLOYD. 145 MODEL No. 16. A SUGAR SCOOP. Cut from a 2" plank a piece 3" x 10". Prepare from this an oblong 1 13-1(5" x 2 13-lfi" x 9 9-16". Draw plan upon two opposite sides of wood. Cut around with splitting and turning-saw. Cut to lines with chisel, gouge, smoothing-plane and tiles. Place elevation drawing upon two opposite sides. Cut around lines, excepting handles, with splitting-saw. Cut to lines with smoothing-plane and chisel. Transfer again plan drawing. Hollow with gouge, using mallet. Cut around handle with turning saw. Model bowl with draw-knife. Cut to lines on handle with knife. Model handle with knife, and finish with file and sand-paper. 146 SLOYD. 17, CLOTHES HANDER, HALF SIZH~ SLOYD. 147 MODEL No. 17. CLOTHES HANGER. For back piece prepare from a 7-8" board an oblong 13-16" x 3 9-16" x 16 1-16". Transfer plan drawing. Bore holes with auger bit. Cut around lines with tenon and turning-saws. Cut to lines with chisel, knife and file. Bevel edges with plane, knife and file. Finish surfaces with sand-paper, except under surface. For pins prepare from a 7-8" board a piece V x 13". Prepare from this three oblongs 25-32" x 25-32" x 4 1-16". Transfer plan drawing upon opposite sides of these. Cut around lines with back- saw ; cut to lines with chisel, knife, and file. Finish with sand-paper excepting dowels. Fasten pins to back board with glue and wedges. Finish under surface with smoothing- plane when dry. 148 SLOYD. IT tiJ Z I 1/3 D SLOY1). 149 MODEL No. 18. DISH DRAINER. For slats prepare from a 7-8 " board an oblong 25-32" x A" x 18 1-32". With marking gauge, beginning at one of the long edges, mark off 1-4" spaces upon top and bottom surfaces. Mark first space 1 , third space 2, and fifth space 3 and so on across the board. Cut between these spaces with splitting-saw. Cut to lines with jack-plane making five slats. Finish with sand-paper. For the rests, prepare from a 7-8" board three oblongs 25-32" x 1 5-32" x 4 25-32". Draw plan upon these pieces. Cut around lines with hack-saw. Cut to lines with knife and file. Finish with sand-paper. Xa.il together with 1" wire brads. Sink nails with nail- set. Level up top surface with smoothing-plane and finish with sand- paper. 150 SLOYD. SLOYD. 151 MODEL No. 19. TOWEL ROLLER. For roller prepare an oblong 1 5-16' x 1 5-16" x 15 3-4". Draw diagonals on both ends. Quadrisect all edges on both ends and join opposite points excepting middle points. Plane corners to lines making an octagonal prism. Model with plane to a cylinder. Finish cylinder with file and sand-paper. From the center of both ends draw 3-4" circle. Set off ends with marking gauge. Cut around lines with tenon-saw ; cut to lines with knife and tile. Finish with sand-paper. For back board prepare an oblong according to drawing. For brackets prepare two oblongs 13-16" x 3 9-16" x 6 1-16". Place these together as one piece. Draw plan upon opposite sides of wood. Saw around lines with turning-saw. Cut to lines with chisel, gouge, and file. Finish edges with sand-paper. Bore holes with auger-bit ; cut slot with chisel ; finish with sand-paper. Nail and screw together, using 1 1-2" brads and 3-4" screws. 152 SLOYD. O CM U < IT Z n CL SLOY1). MODEL No. 20. SPONGE RACK. For slats prepare an oblong 25-32" x 4 x 12 1-3:?". Proceed with the making of slats as in Model No. IS. For ends prepare two oblongs 13-32 ' x 4 1-32" x 4 1-32". Place them together as one piece. Transfer plan drawing upon opposite sides, and bore holes with auger-bit ; cut around lines with turning- saw : cut to lines with smoothing-plane, knife and rile ; finish with sand-paper. For back board prepare an oblong 9-32" x S 1-10" x 12 1-32". Transfer plan drawing upon one side ; bore holes with auger-bit ; cut around lines with turning-saw ; cut to lines with knife and file ; finish with sand-paper. Nail together with 1" brads ; set nails ; level up slats with smoothing-plane ; finish with sand-paper. 154 SLOYD. EC J ID SLOYD. 155 MODEL No. 21. BLOTTER. Prepare for base board an oblong 5-8" x 5 l-8 ;/ x 9 1-16". Draw plan for notch, marking over lines with knife ; cut around lines with tenon-saw ; cut to lines with 1-2" chisel ; make a wedge 1-2" thick and 10" long to fit notch ; spread glue upon wedge and in notch ; drive together with mallet ; finish ends of wedge with smoothing- plane ; finish under surface of base board and wedge with smoothing- plane ; plane base board to a thickness of 17-32"; draw plan upon opposite sides of oblong ; cut to lines with chisel and file ; bevel edges with chisel and file ; finish with sand-paper. For handle, prepare an oblong 13-16" x 13-16" x 5 9-16". Place hexagon upon ends ; plane sides to end lines ; making a hexagonal prism ; set oft* and shape ends according to drawing ; finish with sand- paper, and screw together. 156 SLOYD. 22. NAIL BD.X ^^^^^ \ V i ^ "4 - $$^$^$$$^^ s J* r '" 9- .. f 'a, S'" * HALF SIZE. SLOYD. MODEL No. 22. NAIL BOX. Prepare oblongs for box according to drawing, finishing edges with a jack-plane with the help of a shooting-board ; finish inside surfaces with sand-paper. Nail together with 11-4' brads; set nails and finish outside surfaces with snioothing-plane and sand-paper. 158 SLOYD. SLOYD. 159 MODEL No. 23. STIRRING SPOON. Prepare an oblong 1 7-8" x 3 3-4" x 15 1-2". Draw plan upon opposite sides of wood ; cut around lines with splitting and turning- saws ; cut to lines with chisel, gouge and file : transfer elevation drawing upon opppside sides ; cut around top line of bowl with splitting-saw ; cut to line with smoothing-plane and chisel ; hollow with gouge ; finish hollowing with sand-paper ; model bowl with draw-knife ; cut around lines of handle with turning-saw ; cut to lines with chisel, gouge and file ; finish with sand-paper. 160 SLOYD. 24, TABLE MAT SLOYD. MODEL, No. 24. TABLE MAT. Prepare oblongs 5-6" x 1 1-4" x 12" except two side oblongs which should be made 1 3-8" in width. Glue joints ; clamp in bench ; make and fit wedge, and when dry plane wedge and sides as in Model No. 21. Gauge thickness, and plane to line ; bevel edges with smoothing- plane ; finish with file and sand-paper. CDAT HANGER, r. A.R. 4 n HALF SIZE. MODEL No. 25. COAT HANGER. Prepare an oblong 1 1-16" x 2 5-16" x 15 17-32" ; draw elevation upon two opposite sides of oblong ; cut to convex lines with spoke- shave ; cut to concave lines with round plane. Transfer plan draw- ing upon two opposite sides ; cut to lines with smoothing-plane ; model top surface with spoke-shave ; bevel ends with knife ; bore holes with auger and pin-bit ; bend hook with square and round- nosed pliers ; insert dowel with glue ; finish with file and sand-paper. SLOYD. 163 26. RULER FULL SIZE MODEL No. 26. RULER. Prepare an oblong 9-32" x 2 1-32" x 15 1-32". Transfer to model, plan drawing and elevation drawing. Plane to lines ; finish with sand-paper. 164 SLOYD. SLOYD. 165 MODEL No. 27. BILL HOLDER. Prepare an oblong for base board 25-32" x 6 1-16" x 9 5-16". Transfer plan drawing upon opposite sides : cut around lines with splitting- and turning-saws ; cut to lines with chisel and file ; bevel edges with chisel and file ; finish with sand-paper. Prepare a piece for top board 25-32" x 4 1-16 x 5 1-16" ; pre- pare notch as in Model No. 24 ; prepare for middle rest a piece 25-32" x 1 9-16" x5"; prepare this piece for notch ; glue together. Transfer drawing on top board ; cut around lines with turning saw ; cut to lines with chisel, block-plane and file. Transfer elevation drawing to both ; cut to lines with block plane ; finish with sand- paper ; join this to base board with hinges ; insert dowels for springs. To make spring, wind three feet of 1-16" brass wire around a 3-8" iron rod. Place spring over dowels. 166 SLOYD. CO u BDDK t^L 1_J * s ^ SLOYD. 167 MODEL No. 28. BOOK RACK. For end pieces prepare two oblongs 9-16'' x 4 1-16 ; x 5 1-16". For pieces that are dove-tailed to end pieces prepare oblongs 9-16" x 2 3-4" x 5 1-16". Set off tongue for groove with marking- gauge ; cut to lines with chisel. Transfer drawing for dove-tail, marking over lines with point of knife, using the bevel-gauge. Cut around 2ines with tenon-saw ; finish with chisel and knife. Transfer drawing upon end pieces, cut around lines with turning-saw, cut to lines with chisel, gauge, and file ; cut to lines of dove-tail with knife, using bevel-gauge ; cut around lines with tenon- saw ; cut to lines with chisel and knife and fit to other pieces ; glue joints, using mallet for driving together. Finish with smoothing-plane and sand-paper. Prepare pieces for runs according to drawing ; set off grooves with marking gauge ; cut to lines with 1-8" chisel. Prepare cross-pieces according to drawing ; finish with sand- paper ; glue and nail together, using 3-8" brads. 168 SLOYD. SLUYD. 169 MODEL No. 39. MAIL BOX. Prepare back board according to drawing. Prepare oblongs for sides and front piece, allowing 1-16" in all dimensions. Prepare dove-tailed joints as in model No. 28. Glue together dove-tailed joints. Finish inside faces with sand-paper. Finish outside faces with smoothing-plane and sand-paper. Prepare bottom piece and insert it with brads and glue. Glue, nail and clamp all to back board. Prepare cover, making opening with auger bit, chisel, and file ; join cover with hinges to back board. Finish with sand-paper. 170 SLOYD. 30. FULL-ELY BL-DCK. PULL SIZE.. SLOYD. 171 MODEL No. 30. PULLEY BLOCK. Prepare oblong for block ; make opening with auger bit, chisel, and file, working from both sides ; curve ends, according to drawing, with spoke-shave and file. Finish with sand-paper. Prepare cylinder for wheel according to drawing ; bore hole for spindle ; hollow with gouge and rat-tail file ; finish with sand-paper. Prepare spindle, insert it in block and wheel, placing glue upon that part which extends through the wheel. Finish ends of spindle with knife and sand-paper. 172 SLOYD. 31, KNIFE BDX =^ HALF SIZE., 173 SLOYD. MODEL No. 31. KNIFE BOX. Prepare sides and end pieces ; prepare end pieces for housing ; finish inside surfaces with sand-paper ; dove-tail and glue together; finish outside surfaces with smoothing-plane and sand-paper. Prepare middle piece and insert it with glue into end pieces. Make bottom piece and fasten it with glue and brads to sides and ends. Finish with sand-paper. 174 SLOYD. D OJ? nj uj x X ~ 2 * SLOYD. 175 a ' c- cc s 3 * Q \s M u o d ^ h rt ~ 1 - l/l n ^ ^15 Id W N AH P ! 11 i 0. - ^ t o ^ o ^ Q_ " i 5': n 1 u P be '^ ^o w ^ d ^H G P ^ 1^ S H == : >Js . ^ 176 SLOYD. 34. SET SQUARE,, PULL SIZE. # SIX) YD. 177 MODEL No. 34. SET SQUARE. Prepare oblong ; bore hole with auger-bit ; transfer plan drawing ; cut to lines with smoothing-plane. Transfer elevation drawing ; bevel edge with smoothing-plane ; finish with sand-paper. 178 SLOYD. 35, PHOTOGRAPH FRAME: HALF SIZE! SLOYD. 179 MODEL No. 35. PHOTOGRAPH FRAME. Prepare oblongs for front and sides ; transfer drawings ; cut around outside with turning-saw ; cut around openings with key-hole saw ; cut to lines with chisel, gouge and file. Finish with sand- paper. Prepare grooving according; to drawing : glue together ; finish ends of glued joints with knife and sand paper. 180 SLOYD. K 36, TRY SQUARE HALF SIZE*. SLOYD. 181 MODEL No. 36. TRY-SQUARE. Prepare oblongs Recordings to drawings ; set off slotting with marking-gauge ; cut around lines with tenon-saw ; cut to lines with 1-8" and 1-2" chisel. Glue together using clamp ; bore hole with auger-bit. Finish with sand-paper. 182 SLt)YD. X n . CD SLOYD. 183 MODEL No. 37. SILVER BOX. Prepare bottom and cover according to drawing ; finish with sand-paper. Prepare sides and ends for dove-tailing ; allowing 1-1 6" in all dimensions; make dove-tail joints and glue together; finish sides as in No. 31 ; glue and nail sides to bottom piece. Prepare pieces for mitring ; cut and fit niitred-joints ; nail and glue to box ; finish with sand-paper. Attach cover to box with hinges. 184 SLOYD. CO n i SLOYD. 185 MODEL No. 38. MARKING GAUGE. Prepare piece for mortising ; set off mortice with marking- gauge ; make mortice with 1-4 " auger-bit and 1-4'' and 1-2" chisel. Prepare piece containing the screw and insert the screw ; sharpen screw point with saw-file ; make and fit keys. Finish with sand-paper. 186 SLOYD. SLOYD. 187 MODEL No. 39. WALL BRACKET. Prepare back board according to drawing. Prepare shelf and brackets, using 1-4" gouge and 1" chisel on edges of shelf and the parting-tool for graving on brackets ; finish with sand-paper. Prepare and fit notched dove-tail, inserting with glue. Fasten shelf and bracket to back boards with screws. 188 SLOYD. O id m < u r in n DC to D z < tD 2 D U SLOYD. 189 MODEL, No. 40. COMB AND BRUSH CASE. Make back and front board according to drawing. Prepare, fit, and glue dove-tailed joints. Finish outside with smoothing-plane and sand-paper. Nail, glue and clamp to back. 190 SLOYD. A\ BUREAU TRAY HALF SIZE., SLOYD. 191 MODEL No. 41. BUREAU TRAY. Make bottom hoard according to drawing and finish with sand- paper. Prepare side pieces. Make, glue and finish dove-tailed joints. Finish outside surfaces with block-plane and sand-paper. Glue and clamp sides to back. 192 SLOYD. I...] CM H h D SLOYD. 193 MODEL No. 42. OTTOMAN. Prepare oblongs for legs. Set off mortice in legs ; make mortice with 1-4" auger-bit and 1-4" and V chisel ; bevel and chamfer legs. Prepare side pieces ; set off tenon with marking-gauge ; make tenon with tenon-saw and 1" chisel ; make mortice in side pieces for mortice-blocking ; fit, glue and clamp together mortice and tenon- joints. Prepare top piece ; glue top piece to sides and legs with common blocking and mortice and tenon-blocking. 194 SLOYD. SLUYD. '195 MODEL No. 43. -CABINET. Prepare base board, side pieces, upper shelf, and partition ; do graving on side pieces ; glue and screw together base board, side pieces, partition and upper shelf. Make and fit back. Glue and screw back in place. Prepare pieces for doors ; make half-lap joint for doors, using marking gauge, tenon-saw and I" chisel. Glue and clamp together half-lap joints ; finish surfaces with smoothing-plane. Do rebating with 1-4" chisel. Make, fit, and glue panels in doors. Hang doors with hinges. Fit locks ; make and fit ornamental pieces above and below ; glue and nail them in place. Finish with sand-paper. | *? i 2 iT o k . w c .- J s.= "s a 2 1 | J-o -"S. gl NEW EXERCISE Long cut, Cross cut. Kdge planing, Oblique Sawing oft'. Gauging. Long sawing. Filing, boring with pii Boring with anger-bit. Convex sawing. Bevelling, convex i with plane. Chopping, broad snr scraping. .i s i c X (iouging, modelling AVI shave, end planing planing. Finishing with smooth bevelling eilge A\ r ith Long edge planing. Halving. Obliiiue sawing. Doweling, wedging. Nailing, Nail sinking. Screwing together. Dovetail clamping, chiseling, oblique c Square shooting. I = * o s r V ? 8 r- 1 3 7t H . r- f . 8 ~f- f -s I P S _^ > h K X t V3 ,0 5, - - III 33 t/D .s 1 -J. f H i ll I t5 11 ^ c' a P EH 8 O O I i ? = * s g w 'S g 2 | 11 11 8 - e, ^ 3 3 ? ^ d >> i- | >, I 5 ? ? ? > .; : .2 .2 ,2 . 2 .3 ^3 H o S -H g "^ ^H V ^ ^ 3^ "2 *ZS "B ,3 rt 1 a "c o ^ I 2 I . 1 =3 -^ M X 6 --I S<1 -~ -X >- t- ci o _, n CO -f >* ^ i^ co ci o ' o-i "^ ^ " i-l ^H ^H rt ^H ,-H (M (M 01 be S 1 a 1 V l r "i i ^ tS be :=! -? JO - s =s a (^ H i 1 I - ,-a be a s s NEW EXERCISES Modelling with drawkn Jointing, Cross planing planing. ! . ll 1 1 s 1 ill!! ! Ip 1 = .= ^ s '? ^ S s & ? S -s AS: . I.-33 1 a S^o iff? .3 ^ g> = = Tc = 3 a 5 | -g > be ' .^ ^^ = 3 ^oocs 3a3 fH?HCOO oSSS h^coO sawing. Slotting. Mitering, dovetailing wood, hinging. Mortising. Notch dovetailing, gravi molding. Half lap dovetailing. Oblique dovetailing. Half concealed & concea tise & tenon, blocking blocking, chamferhu 1 ll ta ? '5,0 !i "cS a i s ^ fe | 1 1 i , c w) , r. j g .^H ' -3 5 ^3 1 1 p 2 O O O O O O o o o o o o o o Whitew Buttern * & * * * * * S B ' . .- .-s .-s -2 .-a ^sii ^ ? i o ?l^ 1 ll as a. ^* i Whitew Whitew Whitew Whitew a? eo S 1 o3 OJ p^ VH to . ,5 M p be CO Table-mat. 1 ll riljji ill Islf l&ll III rt4J=:o 3 ~! "* a^,o S e 13 5 ,fs = x o"S^a OP5KM S fi !4 -q OCPH Try-square Silver box. Marking ga 1 .E 1: Comb & bri Bureau Tra a 2 5 Cabinet. P s3 s; 5 i_- ca ^ : 1-2 " Chisel. Wood: Cherry, oiled and shellaced. 204 SLOYD. FILE: HANDLE:- FULL SIZE SLOYD. 205 MODEL No. 3. TOOL HANDLE. JV~e?f Exercise : Rounding end and Jilting ferule. Tool: 1-2" Chisel. Wood: Maple, oiled and shellaced. 206 SLOYD. 4, BRIC-A-BRAC, DUARTE.R SIZE-. SLOYD. 207 MODEL No. 4. BRIC-A-BRAC STAND. PIECE No. 1. New Exercise: Making step cylinder. Tool: 1-2" Chisel. Wood: Whitewood, oiled, stained black-walnut, and shellaced. PIECE No. 2. New Exercise: Concave curves. Tools: Gouge and chisel. Wood: Same as No. 1. PIECE No. 3. New Exercise: Reverse curves. Tools : Gouge and chisel. Wood: Same as No. 1. PIECE No. 4. New Exercise: Short concave curves. Tools: Gouge and chisel. Wood : Same as No . 1 . PIECE No. 5. New Exercise: Cutting down to 45 Tools: Chisel and parting-tool. Wood : Same as No. 1 . SHELVES. New Exercise : Carving. Tool: Skew-chisel. Wood: Same as No. 1. with a coat of varnish rubbed down with pummice stone and oil. 208 SLOYD. 209 MODEL No. 5. TOWEL RACK. New Exercise: Making convex, elliptical curves. Tools: Parting-tool, 1-2" chisel. Tool for carving : Skew-chisel. Wood: Whitewood, stained and finished as in No. 4. 210 SLOYD. SLOYD. 211 MODEL No. 6. WINDOW BOX. New Exercise: Semi-circular concave curves. Tool: 1-2" Gouge. Tools for carving; Parting-tool and skew-chisel, 3-8" gouge; Wood: Whitowood, oiled and shellaced. 212 SLOYD. I S-'fi o -* ft Ja be "o I ^ ^ ^ ^ SLOYD. 213 8 1 "3 I ~o 02 T3 fl 53 _0 *0 ^ O o * o 2 214 SLOYD. o cr z z LJ -= ~ i 2 1 11 i SLOYD. 215 el| ^ 6,2 U 216 SLOYD. D 03 a S3 | I _i o" .1 I SLOYD. 217 CM hi hi ~0 S I W i 1 II 218 SLOYD. $ T: r H ^ "~L SLOYD. 219 I "r 220 SLOYD. SLOYD. MODEL No. 16. BOOK SHELVES. New Exercises: Cutting down in short reverse curves. Tool: 1-4" Gouge. Tools for carving: Parting-tool, 3-8'' gougo, 1-4" flat gouge, 1-2" flat gouge, 1-8" gouge, back-ground tool. Wood: White wood, antique stained and finished as in No. 4. 222 SLOYI). = SLOYD. 223 224 SLOYD. 225 MODEL, No. 18. PAPER RACK. New Exercise : Beading. Tool: 1-4' Chisel. Tools for carving: Same as in No. 15. 226 SLOYD. SLOYD. 227 MODEL No. 19. BREAD BOARD. New Exercise in Carving: Hollowing. Tool : 1-4" flat gouge, 1-8" gouge, and same as in No. 15. Wood: Gum wood. 228 SLOYD. 20. BILL FILE, PULL. SIZE, SLOYD. 229 MODEL No. 20. BILL FILE. New Exercise: Chuck-Turning. Tool: Chisel and round-nosed tool. Wood: Gum wood, oiled and shellaced. 230 SLOYD. 21. PULLEY WHELELUr- FULL SIZE: MODEL No. 21. PULLEY BLOCK. New Exercise: Making and fitting box-chuck tojurning. Tooh: Round-nosed tool, goui , 1 1 1 li ., _* -_- \ N c s > \ p ^ i .5- 1 234 SLOYD. in 1 D 1 Z 1 [J N h j L/l J =r L x^ I Z SLOYD. 235 MODEL No. 25. INK STAND. No New Exercise. Wood: Gum wood, oiled and shellaced. 236 SLOYD. SLOYD. 237 MODEL No. 26. EASEL. Test Model. Wood: Gum wood, oiled and shellaced. 238 SLOYD. 27. PDWDE1R BDX &XDVE1R FULL, SIZE,- SLOYD. 239 MODEL No. 27. POWDER BOX. New Exercise : Fitting Wood: Black walnut, oiled and shellaced. 240 SLOYD. 28. NAPKIN RINGr- FUL.U SIZE v MODEL No. 28. NAPKIN RING. New Exercise: Boring and fitting to cylinder for turning. Wood: Different kinds glued together, oiled and shellaced. SLOYD. 241 MODEL, No. 39. BUTTER STAMP. JVb New Exercise. Wood : White wood. 242 SLOYD. o i > n n \Jt I 1 n If ^M' 1 ioooo _J3 1U*- :>4H SERIES VI., FORGING. SERIES No. 6. FORGING. The work in forging naturally follows the working in wood. It may also, be coexistant with it in the shape of pattern making, which should be preceded by instruction in moulding. The work with the forge is much different from anything that has gone before, except clay modelling. No better place is afforded the pupil for testing his eye, sense of form, his judgment of dimension, quantity, skill of hand, etc. It is hard and often discouraging work but at the same time fascinating and highly educating. Here a change is made in regard to drawing. In the previous Avork the pupils have worked from their own drawings made from the study of the model ; but now they are to make models from the study of prepared drawings. 243 244 SLOYD. (In* o/f f-7L t',f ITu. II SI SLOYD. 245 MODEL No. 1. HAMMER EXERCISE. Take 5" of 3-4" round iron. Heat and draw down to 1-2" sq., tapering and pointing ends as shown in drawing, making wedge end first. Care should be taken not to burn iron in making pointed end. MODEL No. 2. BENDING EXERCISE. Take 5" of 1-2" sq. iron. Mark off from one end 1 3-4" with prick punch. Heat shoulder over round corner and draw out to 3-16" x 1-2" x 3 1-8". Heat and bend eye over horn. Heat and point the other end. 246 SLOYD. -?? 7p 7 'fly Qrif> op this SLOYD. 247 MODEL No. 3. - ROUND RING. Exercise: Bending. Take 7 1-4" of 3-8" round iron. Heat and tap up ends, allow- ing for inside circle. Heat and bend to right size. MODEL No. 4. SQUARE RING. Exercise : Bending. Take 7 3-4" of 1-2" sq. iron and proceed as in No. 3. MODEL No. 5. FLAT RING. Exercise : Bending. Take $'' of 3-4" x 1-4 iron and proceed as in No. 3. MODEL No. 7. S HOOK. Exercise : Bending. Take 5' of 1-4" round iron. Round ends and bend according to drawing. 248 SLOrD. 10 oji f/t i'g 7-fcilf STTL-f ~~T^-LLcA t-r a fTT~ fine of tTii'tt com.-K>}fti? SLOYD. 249 MODEL No. 6. HARNESS HOOK. Exercise: Bending and shoulder iriff. Take 7 1-4'' of 3-8" round iron. Point and bend according to drawing, bending hook first. MODEL No. 8. STAPLES. Exercise: Pointing and bending. Take 3 5-8" of 1-4" round iron. Point and bend according to drawing. Special care should be taken not to burn ends. MODEL No. 9. HOOK. Exercise: Bending, Pointing and Twisting. Take 8'' of 5-16" round iron. Draw down '2" for eye and bend. Mark off from shoulder of eye 4 1-8" ; draw out on other end 2 1-2" for hook, point and bend hook according to drawing, heat body grasp with two pairs of tongs and twist 180 MODEL No. 10. TRUCK HANGER. Exercise: Punching, Riveting and Heading. ' Take 9 1-4" of 7-8" x 3-16 iron. Square ends ; punch hole 3-8" from end and bend shoulder ; punch holes 3 1-2 and 7 1-2 from shoulder, bend and rivet together, using vice in riveting. Next take 3 1-2" of 5-16" round iron for hanger, upset one end and head in heading tool, bend hook using bolt tongs in bending. 250 SLOYD. trt -rfa f Y ' * /; g^e /is fs) irt 2~ SLOYD. 251 MODEL No. 11. HEXAGON WITH PYRAMIDAL POINTS. Take 5'' of 3-4'' round iron ; hammer to hexagon ; draw out one end to pyramidal point. MODEL No. 12. OCTAGON WITH CONICAL POINT. Take 5" of 3-4' 1 round iron ; hammer to 5-8'' octagon ; draw out one end to conical point. MODEL No. 13. SPINDLE. Exercise : Swaging. Take 6" of 5-8" square iron, hammer ends to 9-16" round draw out ends to 9-16" round, using swage for finishing. 252 SLOYD. ()ne af en elk Fit.! I .iz'z. (Jne of ea. ?A /f . /Tt/7 j /'*./ M:?c2i7i