BRANCH, CALIFORNIA, LlF. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY GYMNASTIC GAMES COMPILED BY ETHEL PERRIN, '92 ELIZABETH F. GORDON, '91 ELIZABETH WRIGHT, '92 CATHARINE L. BIGELOW, '97 EDITH T. SEARS, '98 MARY J. SEELY, '99 PREPARED FOR THE PRESS BY CARRIE A. HARPER BOSTON GEO. H. ELLIS Co., PRINTERS, 272 CONGRESS STREET 1904 COPYRIGHT BY THB BOSTON NORMAL SCHOOL OF GYMNASTICS 1902 GrV TO THE MEMORY OF MRS. MARY HEMENWAY INTRODUCTION For several years past, leaders in the field of education have spent considerable time and energy in probing for the true nature of games and plays, what they are and what they mean. Indeed, the psychology of physical exercise has become a favorite topic of discussion among school and college authorities. At whatever solution of this question the philosophers may have arrived, they, certainly, all agree that play constitutes a very important element in all t education, moral, mental, and even physical. Considered from the standpoint of the teacher of gym- nastics, such games as can be played without much special training form a most valuable adjunct to the formal exercises of the gymnastic lesson, furnishing, per- haps, the best means to obtain its purely hygienic effects. The muscular work, as a rule, is of a general character, not very severe at any one time, but continuous. It in- volves moderate contractions, frequently repeated, of large groups of muscles, and is, therefore, conducive to gently increased organic activity for longer periods than is possible or practicable in the well-defined and more VI localized gymnastic movements. At the same time the element of voluntary, concentrated attention is absent, the intrinsic interest in the game being sufficient to hold the attention without any effort on the part of the indi- vidual. Besides offering opportunity for spontaneous, joyous bodily activity and abandon, games, even more effectively than gymnastics, train quickness of perception, judgment, and decision, accuracy of effort with reference to external objects, and a proper sense of co-operation with others ; that is, of team work. Thus, while neither can supply the place of the other, a judicious combination of formal exercises and play will best serve the interests of the pupils. The object of the present book is to furnish for the use of gymnastic teachers a compact and practical col- lection of games. The rules have therefore been stated as simply as possible, and only those games have been included which have been actually tested and found valuable. In the preparation of the book the alumni of the Bos- ton Normal School of Gymnastics have actively co-oper- ated by contributing and testing games, and in other ways. To them, accordingly, thanks are especially due. INDEX The games marked with a star can be played in the school-room. BALL GAMES : FA OH *Preliminary Ball 3 Ball Drill 4 '^Double Pass 5 Zigzag Ball 7 Chase Ball 9 Time Ball 10 *Bean Bags in a Circle n Teacher and Class 12 Criss-cross 13 End-to-end Bean Bag 14 Jt*Circle Ball 14 Calling Names 15 ' Box Ball 16 Bean Bag Target 16 Bean Bag over the Head 17 Drop Ball 18 Variation : Catch Ball 18 Dead Ball 19 Guess Ball . . : 19 Variation: Ball Tag 20 Stool Ball 20 English Stool Ball 21 German Ball Game 22 Target Ball 23 Dodge Ball 24 Variation : Dodge Ball with Time 25 VU1 PAGE Lawn Bowls 25 Roll Ball 26 Kick -over Ball 27 Bound Ball 28 Boundary Ball 29 Hand Foot-ball 30 One-legged Foot-ball 30 Corner Ball 31 Centre Base 32 Centre Stride Ball 33 Medicine Ball 34 Variation : Arch Ball 35 Touch Ball 35 Variation : Circle Catch Ball 35 Bowl Ball 36 Bombardment 37 String Ball 38 Pillar Ball 39 Flying Target 41 Ball Hit 42 Ball Stand 44 Variation : Line Ball Stand 45 Mount Ball 46 War 47 Curtain Ball 49 Haley Over 50 .Volley Ball 51 Captain Ball 53 Ball and Bases 58 Boston Ball 59 Note : Rules for Other Games 63 Fist Ball; Wicket Polo, or Pin Hockey; Newcomb; Basket Ball for Women ; Tether Ball ; Squash Ball ; Field Hockey. RUNNING GAMES : *I Saw 67 .*Drop the Handkerchief 67 IX PAGE *Herr Slap Jack 68 *Cat and Mice . * 69 ^-~ Going to Jerusalem 70 Variations : *Going to Jerusalem in School-room ... 70 Going to Jerusalem in Gymnasium ... 70 *Steps 71 Variations: Strike the Gong 71 *Call Tag 72 Blind Man's Buff 73 Still Pond 74 French Blind Man's Buff 74 * French Blind Man's Buff in School-room 75 *Blind Man's Buff with a Wand 76 Variation : Animal Blind Man's Buff 76 *Mail Man 76 Tag 77 Variations : *Secret Tag 77 *Stoop Tag 77 Cross Tag 78 Iron Tag 78 *Japanese Tag 78 *Clasp Tag 78 Eenie, Weenie, Coxie, Wanie 78 Line Tag 79 School-room Tag 80 Exchange Tag 80 *Tag the Wall Relay Race 81 *Relay Flag Race '".'-. ...'' 81 Tommy Tiddler's Ground 82 Stone 83 The Belled Cat 84 Jacob and Rachel 84 Cat and Rat 85 Hill Dill. 86 Lame Fox and Chickens 86 -""^Sculptor "57 Twelve O'clock at Night 88 Vis-i-Vis 89 Save Yourself if You Can 89 PAGE Puss in the Corner 90 Variation : Ball Puss 90 *Garden Scamp 91 - *Have You Seen my Sheep ? 92 s~ *Crossing the Brook 92 Birds 93 ^Cushion Dance 94 Variation : Slow Poison 94 Widower, or Last Couple Out 95 Hurly-burly Bean Bag 96 *Relay Bean Bag Race 97 Bears and Cattle 98 Catch of Fish 99 Black and White 99 London Loo 100 Steeple Chase 101 Swedish Fox and Geese ioa Baste the Bear 102 Beetle Goes Round 103 Flower Girl 104 Nine Pins 105 I Spy 106 Yards Off, or Relievo 106 Hunt the Fox * 107 Three Deep lo&I The Farmer and the Crow 109 One-legged Relay Race .... no Derby Jig no Hoppers 1 1 1 Hopping Bases in Master of the Ring 112 Jump the Shot 113 Relay Races for the Gymnasium Single Relay Race 113 Double Relay Race 114 Obstacle Relay Race 115 All Up , . . . 115 Hanging Cats 116 Dare Base 117 XI PAGE Bag Tag 1 18 Scouts Ji8 Wolf 119 Prisoner's Base 120 Prison Goal 121 Stealing Sticks 122 Duck on the Rock 124 Stroke, or Old Sow 125 Variation: Centre Ball 126 MISCELLANEOUS AND QUIET GAMES : Follow the Leader 129 Feather Fly > h ,...'. . . 129 Observation 129 Say Stoop 130 Contrary 130 Weathercock 131 Hands Up 131 Sitting Tag 132 Changing Seats 132 Kaleidoscope 133 Hunt the Key 133 Hunt the Slipper . 134 Pillow Dex 134 Spin the Cover 135 Thread the Needle 136 You're "It" 136 Beast, Bird, or Fish 137 Neighbor, Neighbor 138 Not I, Sir '; '.;':. . : 138 Simon Says 139 Variations : Grand Mufti 140 Ducks Fly 140 Merry-go-round 140 Thimble Ring 141 Hide the Thimble 142 Variation : Huckle Buckle Bean Stalk 143 Thanksgiving Dinner 143 Xll PAGE *Stage-coach 144 Variation : *Gymnastic Exhibition 145 *Animal Game 145 Fan Ball 146 *Trades and Professions 147 *Musical Instruments . ""Y""-i--. 148 Variation: *The Fiddling Leader 150 Peggy 151 BALL GAMES. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. The terms " throw " and " toss " have been carefully distinguished in the following games. " Toss " is used for the underhand, and " throw " for the overhand movement. When the games are played in class, the teacher will usually be the umpire, even in cases where it is stated that the players choose or appoint an umpire. The greater number of the games have a time limit specified, but the time limit may be introduced to advantage in many of the others. An attempt has been made to give, under the heading " appara- tus," everything that is needed to play the game that follows, with the single exception of chalk, which has been omitted to avoid repe- tition. Chalk, however, is required in nearly every game for the marking of goals and boundary lines. J. * PRELIMINARY BALL Grade : Primary, Grammar, High. No. of Players: 10 to 60. Apparatus : Balls for half the number of players. The players stand in two lines facing each other. The players of one line hold the balls. At a signal, each throws his ball to the player opposite him, who catches the ball, and throws it back. The method of throwing and catching is arranged beforehand. The following is a good method : Throw 3 times with the right hand, and catch with both u u u <( < left " " " " " u u u u right " " " " right ii u u left <( <> < left i< (t u u right " " " " " u u *o 1 ^ n 2 1jJ fil 1 'i rt Kl eV g VM O ^ c^ &. j* S P C 5| u *3 "o (j ^J X 13 g *"" .2 o T3 ^ rt M 'eo *< c B"* 3 C ! g ^ te 4= c 'f "O .S 43 -2 53 ^ 43 43S HP-, Tn H H 1 O cu co J5| E- H r -ti co ^ HH t*^ e > >- l-i OJ CD j> ^ bo c "3o rt *o 1 II rt cv !i c> S > o f _o 1 c 3 a u o c c S 3 CJ C (3 |s| i 3 -a T3 -a T) -0--"-o a, A "cu 3 3 3 ^ 5 . '3 . "aj . "a3 . *a3 . aj rt CD C ^ to 2 to 12 s '55 ^ bo c ^ .S * i! _c 'o s j u 31 rt m 3 S s CD % o bb c a 'S< - 1 *j e % 43 H "o s g s s _"M w 3 s = iJ pq S ^J o ^r g 43 ,. K 5 r o Ul 60 -c - S 43 co 4^ bO o 'C -. w H js Z BALL DRILL. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players: 2 to 60. Apparatus : Balls for half the number of players. Any kind of balls may be used ; but for pedagogi- cal purposes medicine balls are especially valuable. The object of the drill is to train the perceptions, the muscular sense, and the muscles themselves, and give pupils the practical ability to handle balls with ease. There is no winning. The weight of the balls should be suited to the players, two pounds being a good weight for women and girls. The players are arranged in couples in any desired formation, far enough apart from each other to allow space for free play. One player of each couple has a ball, which is used by him and his partner alone. The throwing of the balls is simultaneous in all the couples, and is at the command of the teacher, who may, at discretion, introduce different ways of throw- ing and tossing. Some of the most useful passes are scheduled on the preceding page. 3. DOUBLE PASS. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players : 1 1 to 60. Apparatus : 2 balls or 2 bean bags. The players stand in a circle, and the teacher takes his place in the centre with the balls in his hands. Each player in the circle counts, to find out which is the fifth player at his right and which the fifth at his left. Then the teacher throws one of his balls to any player, saying at the same time, " Right 1 " or " Left I " The player at whom the ball has been thrown catches it, and immediately throws it to the fifth player on the side indicated by the teacher. This player catches the ball and returns it to the teacher, who meanwhile has started the second ball in the same way as the first, by throwing it to any player. The first ball is returned to the teacher at about the same time the second ball is leaving him, so that there is a constant passing kept up. There is no winning or losing. The value of the playing is the training in alertness which results from the necessity of watching three points, so as to be ready to catch the ball at any time from any one of them. As a preparation for Double Pass, the players may stand in a line, with the teacher in front of them, and practise throwing the ball to their nearest neighbors at right and left instead of to the fifth player from them. The game may be varied in several ways : (i) The teacher may sometimes omit the calling of " Right ! " or " Left I " when he throws the ball to a player, in which case the player returns it directly to him. (2) A player making a mistake, and passing the ball to the right instead of the left, or vice versa, may be re- quired to step out, being allowed to step in again only after two other players are also disqualified. This variation makes the game much more difficult, as the identity of the fifth neighbor is constantly changing. (3) If the teacher and players become very skilful, three balls may be used instead of two. 4. ZIGZAG BALL. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players : 6 to 60. Apparatus : 2 tennis balls. The players choose sides, and the teacher is referee. If there are only six players, they form two equal triangles, one for each side. The player at the apex of one triangle stands with his back to the player at the apex of the other. At the referee's signal the ball is thrown in each triangle by one of the players at the base to the player at the apex. This player catches the ball, and throws it to the third player in his triangle. The ball is then returned in reverse order to the one from whom it started. If any player fails to catch the ball, he must pick it up, and return to his place before throwing it. When the ball has come back to the one who first threw it, the players of his side clap their hands. The side which has re- turned the ball first scores a point. Any number of points may be agreed upon as a game. When there are more than six players, they are 8 arranged in two parallel lines, facing each other. The players of one side alternate with the players of the other in each line, and each player has opposite him in the other line an opponent. At the referee's sig- nal the two players who head the lines start the balls. Each player throws to the next on his side in the opposite line. The balls thus zigzag down the line ; and, until one side gets ahead of the other, they cross at each throw. When the balls reach the end players, they are returned in reverse order. Just as when there are only six players, whoever fails to catch a ball must pick it up and return to his place before throwing it. The side which returns the ball first to its head player scores one. In either form of this game the number of balls may be increased, and different-sized balls or bean bags may be used ; but care must be taken to have the number and the kind of balls the same on each side. When the game is played in this way, the third player in the triangle, or the end player in the line, should catch all the balls before he starts any of them back in the reverse direction. 9 5. CHASE BALL. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players : Any number divisible by 4. Apparatus : 2 balls. B represents the course of A's ball, represents the course of B's ball. B B The players divide into two equal parties, A and B, which stand in two concentric circles having each the same number of players. In each circle the players IO of one party alternate with those of the other, and every A of the outer circle is opposite a B of the inner circle. (See diagram.) All the A's play to- gether, and all the B's. One ball is given to A I, and the other to B I. At a signal, each passes his ball to his neighbor on the right in the other circle ; and this player in turn passes his ball to his right- hand neighbor in the opposite circle. So the ball continues indefinitely round the two circles in a zigzag course, always going from alternate players of the outer and inner circles, skipping one player at each throw, in order that it may always remain in the hands of the same side. The object of each party is to make its ball overtake the opponents' ball once or as many times as possible. 6. *TIME BALL. Grade : Primary, Grammar. No. of Players: 10 to 60. Apparatus : As many balls or bean" bags as there are rows of players. The children are seated so that there are the same number of players in each row. A line is drawn across the front of the room near the wall, and a mark is made in each aisle between the front desks. The method of throwing to be used is next agreed upon. The ball may be tossed with either the right hand or the left, or it may be thrown with either hand. After the decision has been made, the leader of each II row takes his ball, and stands opposite his aisle on the line. Then, at a given signal, the first player in each row runs to the mark in his aisle. When he has reached it, the leader, in the way previously agreed upon, throws him the ball, which he catches and returns. Immediately he runs back to his seat. As soon as he is seated, the next player in the* row runs to the mark in the aisle, and catches the ball. So the game goes on, with the players running in turn, and each starting as soon as the previous player has seated himself. Any one who throws with the wrong hand, or in the wrong way, or when he is not on the mark or line, makes a foul, and must repeat the play. When all have run, the leader returns to his desk and seats himself with the ball in front of him. Then every one in the row assumes " position." The first row that succeeds in doing this scores a point, and the row that first scores five points wins the game. 7. *BEAN BAGS IN A CIRCLE. Grade: All. No. of Players : 10 to 60. Apparatus : Bean bags. The players, standing several feet apart, form a circle. The bean bags are distributed to players who are at equal distances from each other in the circle. Each player who holds a bag turns and tosses it to his next neighbor at the right, and instantly faces his neighbor at the left, ready to receive the next bag. 12 All the bags should be in motion at once. If it is desired, a forfeit may be required of the one who fails to catch a bag, or he may be dropped out of the circle. Balls may be used in place of bean bags, and the game made more difficult by having the balls or the bean bags of various sizes. The most rapid game can be played when the number of bean bags is only one less than the number of players. 8. * TEACHER AND CLASS. Grade: All. No. of Players: 10 to 60. Apparatus : Bean bags. Every eighth player is appointed as a teacher. The other players form a line as pupils. The teachers face them, standing from ten to twenty feet away. No. i teacher tosses a bean bag to No. I pupil, who catches it, and immediately throws it back. The teacher then moves down opposite No. 2 pupil, and tosses the bean bag to him, and catches it when he tosses it back. So he goes on down the line. When he has reached No. 3 or No. 4 pupil, No. 2 teacher begins tossing to No. i pupil. The other teachers follow at equal intervals. When a teacher reaches the end of the class, he returns, and tosses again to No. i pupil. Whoever fails to catch a bean bag, whether teacher or pupil, goes to the foot of the class. If a teacher fails, his place is supplied by No. i pupil. Variations may be made by having each 13 player bounce the ball, or throw it, or clap hands before catching it. 9, * CRISS-CROSS. \J Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players : 4 to 60. Apparatus: Bean bags, half as many as there are players. The players are divided into groups of not more than ten, and these groups play each a separate game. In each group, sides are chosen, which stand facing each other at a distance of eight or ten feet ; and the bean bags are given to the players of one side. The player at the right end of the bean bag row is No. I of that line. He begins the game by throwing his bag to the player opposite him in line, who catches it and throws it back. No. I of the bean bag row then throws his bag to No. 2 of the opposite line, and so on until he has come to the last player, after which he begins again with No. I. But, meanwhile, as soon as No. i of the bean bag line has received his bag after his first throw, No. 2 of the same line begins throwing to No. I of the opposite line, and so on. In like manner, when No. 2 has received his bag after his first throw, No. 3 begins ; and this continues until all the players in the bean bag line are throwing, each beginning as soon as his right-hand neighbor has made his first play. Score is kept of the number of times each side drops a bag ; and, when the time limit has expired, the side that has dropped the fewer bags wins. JO. * END-TO-END BEAN BAG. Grade : Upper Primary, Grammar, High. No. of Players: 10 to 60. Apparatus : 2 bean bags. The players divide into two sections, and, standing close together, form in each section two parallel lines, A and B, five feet or more apart. At a given signal the first player in line A runs half-way across to the first player in line B, and tosses him the bag. Line A moves up to fill the space vacated by the first player. Meanwhile the bag is passed along line B until it reaches the last player, who runs with it half- way across to the last player in line A, tosses the bag to him, and takes the place beside him. The bag then passes up line A, while line B moves down to fill the place left vacant by the last player. Finally, the first player of line A steps into the vacant place in line B, and so becomes the first player in line B. The game is then repeated as before, and continues until the player who started at the head of line A has moved down line B and back up line A to his original position. The section which accomplishes this first wins the game. 11. * CIRCLE BALL. Grade : Upper Primary, Grammar. No. of Players: 10 to 60. Apparatus: Ball. 15 The players form a ring. One player tosses the ball to another player, who must catch it, and toss it to some one else in the ring. The tosses should be in quick succession and in unexpected directions. Vari- ations may be made by bouncing the ball, by clapping the hands before catching it, or by having the person who fails to catch it sit down. The game may also be played with all the players seated. J2. * CALLING NAMES. Grade : Upper Primary, Grammar. No. of Players: 10 to 60. Apparatus : Bean bag. The class divides into two equal parts, which stand on opposite sides of the central aisle, with the players of one side facing the players of the other, and with each player standing beside a chair. One of the play- ers takes the bean bag, and the teacher begins to count ten. Before the teacher has finished counting, the player who holds the bean bag must call the name of some one on the opposite side, and throw the bag to him. The player whose name has been called catches the bag, calls the name of one of his oppo- nents, and throws the bag back. In this way the game continues until the time limit has expired. Any player who fails to throw the bag before ten is counted, or who aims badly, or who fails to catch a bag thrown to him, must sit down. The side which has the smaller number of players seated at the end of the time wins the game. i6 J3. BOX BALL. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players: 6 to 20. Apparatus : Box for each player ; ball ; small stones. The boxes are placed in a row on the floor. The players stand in a line at some distance from them, each player opposite his own box and facing it. The player at the right of the line tosses the ball into any one of the boxes. All the players scatter except the one into whose box the ball has fallen. He runs, picks up the ball, and tries to throw it so as to strike one of the other players. If he fails, he has a stone put in his box. Then the other players form in line as at first, and he starts the game again by tossing the ball into some one of the boxes. If, however, he succeeds in hitting the player he aims at, the player who is struck is the one who receives a stone, and who starts the game again. If any one fails in his attempt to toss the ball into a box, he also receives a stone; and the player next him in line makes the attempt. When a player has five stones in his box, he goes out of the game ; or, if it is pre- ferred, he pays a forfeit. 14. *BEAN BAG TARGET. Grade : Upper Primary, Grammar, High. No. of Players: 10 to 60. Apparatus : Five bean bags for each group of nine or more players. For every group of nine or more players three con- centric circles, one, two, and three feet in diameter, are drawn on the floor ; and about twenty feet from the circles a straight line is drawn to serve as base. In each group a referee is appointed, and sides are chosen. The players alternate from the two sides, and each in turn stands with his toe on the line, and tosses the five bean bags, one after another, toward the circles. Each bean bag that falls within the inner circle counts fifteen, each within the second circle counts ten, and each within the outside circle five. The game can be made more difficult by de- creasing the size of the circles or by increasing the distance between the circles and the base line. If it is wished, a board can be substituted for the circles on the floor. The board should be about two and a half by two feet, with a large hole cut near the upper left-hand corner and a small one near the lower right-hand corner. It should stand at an angle of forty-five degrees. The count, when a board is used, is fifteen for every bag thrown through the small hole, ten for every one through the large hole, and five for every bag remaining on the board at the end of the player's turn. J5. * BEAN BAG OVER THE HEAD. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players: 10 to 25. Apparatus : Bean bag. 18 One player is chosen to throw the bean bag. He stands in front of the other players with his back to them, takes the bean bag, and tosses it over his head with both hands. Each of the other players tries to catch it. The one who is successful is the next to throw the bag. J6. DROP BALL. Grade: All. No. of Players: 10 to 60. Apparatus : Tennis ball. One player stands in the centre, and the rest form a ring round him. The player in the centre tosses up the ball, and calls the name of any one of the players in the ring. The player whose name has been called tries to catch the ball before its second bounce. If he succeeds, he changes places with the player in the centre. If he fails, the player in the centre con- tinues until some one does catch the ball. When a player has failed three times, he must go into the " scrub " circle, which begins playing as soon as there are four players in it. The game may be made more difficult by drawing a chalk circle, inside which no player may step until his name has been called. The breaking of this rule counts the same as a failure in catching the ball. Variation: Catch Ball. This game is played in the same way as Drop Ball, except that the players run freely about the room instead of standing in a 19 ring. The player who tosses the ball may call the name of some one who is at a considerable distance, so that great speed and alertness are required to enable the player whose name has been called to catch the ball before its second bounce. When a player has failed three times, he is out of the game. J7. *DEAD BALL. Grade : Upper Primary. No. of Players : 10 to 60. Apparatus : i to 3 soft balls. The players stand in the aisles between the desks. The teacher tosses the balls into the air. Any one who can catches a ball, and tosses it at some other player. This other one may either dodge the ball or catch it. If he catches it, he tosses it at some one else ; but, if he is struck by it, he is dead, and must sit down. The game is played until only one person is left standing. The balls must always be tossed, not thrown. J8. * GUESS BALL. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players: 10 to 25. Apparatus : Soft ball. All the players but one form in a line. The re- maining player stands several feet in front of the others, with his back toward them, and counts aloud to any given number. Meantime the ball is passed 20 back and forth along the line. When the given num- ber is called, the person who then holds the ball throws it so as to strike on the back the player who stands in front. If this player is hit, he turns quickly, and tries to guess by the attitudes of the players which of them threw the ball. If he guesses cor- rectly, the player who threw the ball changes places with him. If he does not guess correctly, he remains in front, and the game is repeated. If the player in the line fails to hit the one in front with the ball, they change places. Variation: Ball Tag. The players are arranged in two lines facing each other, about forty feet apart. One side sends out a player who stands half-way be- tween the lines, facing his own side. His opponents have the ball, and the game proceeds as in Guess Ball. If he guesses correctly, his side may choose a player from the opponents to join their line ; and the player in the centre may continue until he fails to guess correctly, when he returns to his place, and the other side sends out a player to guess. The side having the most men at the end of the game wins. 19. STOOL BALL. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players: 10 to 30. Apparatus : Tennis ball ; stools, one less than the num- ber of players. 21 The stools are placed in a circle several feet from each other. Back of each stool stands a player, in any position previously agreed upon, such a position, for instance, as "heels together and hands on the hips," or "feet apart and hands out to the side." In the centre of the circle stands the bowler, who tosses the ball at any one of the players. If the player at whom the ball is tossed succeeds in batting it with his hand, all the players behind the stools change places. The bowler catches the ball or picks it up, and then throws it so as to hit any player who is out of the required position. The one who has been hit changes places with the bowler. If no one has been hit, the game is repeated with the same bowler. If, at any time, the ball is not batted back, the bowler repeats the throw until it is. A variation may be made in the game by having the player who has been hit fall out of the game instead of having him change places with the bowler. 20. ENGLISH STOOL BALL. Grade : Upper Grammar, High. No. of Players : 5 to 20. Apparatus : Stool ball. A stool is set upon the ground, and a line is drawn at some distance from it. One of the players stands beside the stool. The others stand on the line, and one of their number throws the ball with the intention of striking the stool. The player near the stool tries 22 to prevent the ball's striking by batting it away with his hand. If he succeeds, he scores one. But if the ball strikes the stool, he is " out," and the thrower of the ball takes his place. He is also "out" if any player catches the ball after it has been batted back, in which case the catcher takes the place of the one at the stool. Any number of points may be decided on as game, and he wins who first scores the required number. 2J. GERMAN BALL GAME. Grade: Grammar, High. No. of Players: 10 to 30. Apparatus: Bat; ball. o y o o o o o o o O X B An oblong about fifty by eighty feet is marked in an open space outdoors. Across one end is drawn a line, A B, parallel to the end line, and about ten feet distant from it. A goal, C, is marked at the 23 opposite end of the space in one corner. Sides are chosen, and one side takes possession of the smaller oblong. One player of this side is pitcher, and stands at position x, diagonally opposite the goal. All the other players are batters, and stand in line at the rear of the space. The first batter is at y. The players of the other side are all catchers, and stand here and there in the larger space. The pitcher throws the ball, and the batter tries to strike it. If he does not succeed the first time, he tries until he does succeed. He then hands the bat to the next batter in the line, and runs to the goal and back as quickly as possible. The players of the other side try to catch the ball. If they fail in that, they pick up the ball and try to hit the runner with it. If they succeed in doing either the one or the other, their side scores one. If they fail in both, the side of the runner scores one. The game is repeated with the batters serving in turn until the catchers have scored three points. The sides then change places, the catchers becoming batters and the batters becoming catchers. The game ends when one side has scored twenty-five points. 22. TARGET BALL. Grade: Grammar, High. No. of Players: 10 to 25. Apparatus: Ball One player is chosen to be thrower. The other players are runners, and stand in a row along one 24 side of the room. The thrower stands several paces distant from them toward the centre of the room. At a given signal the first runner starts, runs around two sides of the room, and stops on the farther side, opposite the last player in the line of runners. Dur- ing the run the thrower tries to throw the ball so as to hit the runner. If he succeeds, the one whom he has hit remains opposite the line of runners, and a second runner is called out. The game continues^ in, this way until the thrower fails to hit. The rumj^A who has escaped then becomes thrower, and i\m* thrower takes his place as the last runner in the line. After this the game goes on as before. When all the runners have been hit, the game ends. The thrower who has hit the greatest number of runners wins. 23. DODGE BALL. Grade: All. No. of Players: 20 to 60. Apparatus : Ball. Sides A and B are chosen, and the players of A stand in a circle round those of B. The A's try to throw the ball so as to hit the B's, while the B's at- tempt to save themselves by running and dodging inside the circle. The A's may pass the ball among themselves as much as they choose, and leave the circle when it is necessary to regain possession of the ball; but, while they are out of the circle, 25 they may not throw at their opponents. They must either return or throw to one of their own side. When a B has been hit, he is killed, and must stand in the circle with the A's and help them kill the remaining B's. The last B who is killed is the winner. The game is then repeated with the sides reversed, the B's being in the circle and the A's in the centre. Finally, the two winners play off the game inside a circle formed by all the other players. Variation: Dodge Ball with Time* In this game the players who are killed do not join their opponents, but go out of the game until all on their side have been killed. The time taken to do this is recorded. The game is repeated with the sides reversed, and the side that is the quicker in killing all its opponents wins. In other respects the game is like Dodge Ball. 24. LAWN BOWLS. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players : 4 to 20. Apparatus : Colored ball for each player, half the balls of one color, half of another ; ball of a third color. This game may be played in a level place out of doors or in the gymnasium. Sides are chosen, and the balls are distributed so that all the players on a side have balls of the same color. The leader of one side takes the jack, which is the ball of the third color, and throws it to a considerable distance. The 26 other players, alternating from the two sides, stand in turn at the place from which the leader threw, and throw their balls, trying to have them lie as near the jack as possible. When all have thrown, the side which has a ball lying nearest the jack scores. The count in the score is one for each ball that lies nearer the jack than the best ball of the opposing side. 25. ROLL BALL. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players : 2 to 20. Apparatus: Ball. A line is drawn to divide the gymnasium floor into two courts. On each side of this line, parallel to it, and seven or eight yards from it, is drawn a boundary line. The players divide into two equal parties, A and B ; and each party takes possession of a court, and stands there behind the boundary line. The first player of A comes forward, and takes his place on his boundary line with the ball on the line beside him. The first player from B stands opposite on his boun- dary line. The A player then tries to send his ball across B's line by batting it with his hand or his fist. The B player tries to prevent the ball from crossing his line by running to meet it and batting it back without first stopping it. If the A player fails to send the ball across the middle line, B scores a point. But, if the ball crosses the middle line and B fails to bat it back before it crosses his boundary line, A 27 scores a point. The game continues between these two players until one of them scores a point or makes a foul. Then two other players take their places. Fouls are (i) stopping the ball before batting it back; (2) batting the ball so that it goes higher than the knees of the player ; and (3) sending the ball so that it lodges in a piece of apparatus before it crosses the middle line. If the ball lodges in the apparatus after it has crossed that line, no foul has been made ; and the player on whose side the ball is may roll it out a short distance in a direction parallel to the middle line, and from there bat it. If the ball hits the wall, it is still in play, and no foul has been made. Each foul scores one for the opponents' side. The side which first scores thirty points wins the game. 26. KICK-OVER-BALL. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players: 10 to 30. Apparatus : Basket ball or volley ball. The players choose sides, A and B ; and the sides sit on the floor in two rows facing each other, with their hands on the floor behind them and their feet stretched out in front of them, leaving space, however, so that the ball can be rolled between them. A goal is marked at one end of the room, equally distant from both rows. The player who is at the farther end of the row from the goal, is the scout for his side. The umpire rolls the ball down the centre from whichever 28 end of the line he chooses. Each player tries, as the ball passes, to kick it so as to send it over the heads of his opponents. If a player in A succeeds in doing this without removing his hands from the floor, the A scout runs to the goal, and then returns and sits down at the goal end of his line, in the place left vacant by the moving of the line away from the goal. Mean- while the B scout picks up the ball, and seats himself at the goal end of his line, opposite the A scout. If the A scout is the first to get seated, his side scores two, one for the kick-over and one for the goal-run ; but, if the B scout is the first seated, the side A scores only the one for the kick-over. 27. BOUND BALL. Grade: Grammar, High. No. of Players: 10 to 30. Apparatus : Rubber ball. A line is marked on the floor. A leader and a score-keeper are appointed ; and the other players di- vide into two equal parties, which take their positions on opposite sides of the line, about five feet from it. The players of each party separate, so that each indi- vidual has a space about five feet square in which to move. The leader of the game takes his place at one end of the line, and the score-keeper at the other. The leader throws the ball into the midst of the players so that it will rebound from the floor as near as possible to the line. After the ball has bounced, 29 the player who is then nearest it strikes it from above ; and either he or some of the players of his side con- tinue to strike it after each rebound, until an oppor- tunity offers to bounce it across the line. Whoever strikes the ball when it has not rebounded from the floor, or fails to strike it after the first rebound, or fails to strike it from above, or permits it to roll on the ground, makes a foul. The side that first has twelve fouls scored against it loses the game. 28. BOUNDARY BALL. Grade : Primary, Grammar. No. of Players: 10 to 60. Apparatus : Basket ball The ground or floor is marked out in a rectangle about fifteen by thirty feet, and the rectangle is di- vided in halves by a line drawn across the centre of it. Sides are chosen, which take their places in their respective fields, and stand facing each other in two rows about ten feet from the centre line and parallel to it. Any player may start the game by throwing the ball into his opponents' field. His opponents catch the ball, or, if it is rolling, stop it. Their line then advances or retreats, so as to cross the spot on / which the ball was caught or stopped. The catcher of the ball next throws it back to the first side, which in its turn must catch or stop it. This continues until one side succeeds in passing the ball across the outer boundary of its opponents' side. 29. HAND FOOT-BALL. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players : 6 to 16. Apparatus: Basketball. A court is marked about fifty feet long and twenty feet wide. The players divide into two equal teams, and each team chooses a kicker. The teams stand facing each other at opposite ends of the court, each drawn up in a straight line about ten feet from the end boundary, with its kickers about ten feet in ad- vance of the line of players. Half-way between the two kickers, but at the side of the court, stands the teacher, or leader, who acts as umpire, and starts the game by throwing the ball so that it will strike be- tween the kickers. Each of these players tries to kick the ball so as to send it over the heads of his opponents in line, but those who are in line prevent the ball from passing over them by striking it back with their hands. They must not, however, leave their places, nor grasp nor kick the ball. The kicker who succeeds in sending the ball over the heads of his opponents wins the game for his side. 30. ONE-LEGGED FOOT-BALL. Grade: Grammar, High. No. of Players: 10 to 60. Apparatus : Bladder ball that can be kicked easily. At the two ends of the room are marked goal lines. The distance between them varies according to the number of players, being always large enough to allow the players to run about freely. Sides are chosen, and two captains appointed. Then the ball is put into play between the two captains. Each player stands with his right foot held in his left hand or his left foot in his right hand. With his free hand or with the foot on which he is standing, he tries to hit the ball. The object of the game is to force the ball over the opponents' goal line. Each goal so made scores one. After the goal has been made, the ball is again put into play at the centre. A variation may be made in the game by having the players assume the same position as before, but hit the ball only with their free hands. Or the players may stand on both feet and run about freely, and hit the ball with either hand. The ball must in no case be thrown. The game is best adapted to boys. 3J. CORNER BALL. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players : 10 to 30. Apparatus; Basketball. A line is drawn across the centre of the gymnasium floor, and four six-feet-square goals are marked, one in each corner. The players are divided into two equal teams, which take their positions on opposite sides of the centre line. Each team appoints two goalmen, who stand in the goals on their opponents' territory, opposite their own side. The object of the 32 players on each team is to throw the ball to either of their own goalmen. Whenever a goalman, without stepping outside his own goal, succeeds in catching a ball which has not been touched by an opponent, he scores one for his side. The opposing team try to intercept the ball as it is thrown ; and if, before it is caught, they can in any way touch it without entering a goal, they score one. The players are numbered, and throw in turn, the sides alternating. A thrower must not advance beyond the middle line. A game is ended when all the players on each side have thrown. The side having the larger score wins. 32. 'CENTRE BASE. Grade : Upper Primary, Grammar, High. No. of Players : 10 to 30. Apparatus : Bean bag or ball. One player takes his place in the centre, and the other players, standing a little apart from each other, form a ring round him. The player in the centre tosses the bean bag to any one in the ring, and then runs out. The player to whom the bag is tossed must catch it, carry it to the centre of the ring and put it down, and then chase the one who tossed it, who meanwhile attempts to get back to the centre and touch the bag before he is tagged. If the chase con- tinues too long, time may be called at the discretion of the teacher. If the one who tossed the bag is tagged, he may either go out of the game or take the 33 place in the ring left vacant by the one who has tagged him. If he is not tagged, he tosses again from the centre. If the game is played in the school-room, the centre desk can be used as a base, and the players may vault over the chairs in the course of the chase. 33. CENTRE STRIDE BALL. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players : 10 to 60. Apparatus : Large ball. One player stands in the centre, and the other play- ers form a ring round him by standing with their feet apart and with each foot touching a neighbor's foot. The player in the centre tries to send the ball out be- tween the players' feet by batting it with his hand so that it will roll along the floor. The players protect themselves by batting the ball back. If any player fails to do this, and so allows the ball to pass out be- tween his feet or at his right side, he must change places with the player in the centre. If the circle is large, there should be two players in the centre and two balls in play. The game may also be played with variations. The players may kick the ball instead of batting it ; or they may keep the ball moving round the circle, either to the right or the left, so that the player in the centre has difficulty in getting an opportunity to bat the ball out. 34 34. *MEDIONE BALL. Grade: All. No. of Players : 6 to 60. Apparatus : 2 or more basket balls, medicine balls, or other large balls of uniform size and weight. The players are divided into two or more files, ac- cording to the number of players or the number of balls obtainable. The players in each file stand at equal distances from one another, and the leader of each file holds a ball. The positions of the leaders and of those in the rear end of the files are marked on the floor. At a signal each leader passes the ball be- tween his feet to the one behind, who, in turn, passes it along between his feet to the next player, and so on to the end player, who, after making sure that the ball has touched the mark on which he stands, runs with it as fast as possible to the leader's position in the front of the file, and immediately starts it down the line again as before. Every time a player runs forward with the ball, the others of that file all move backward somewhat, in order to give the runner room in front and keep the spaces equal. The ball must always pass between the feet of every player in the file ; and, if a crooked pass sends it out to one side, it should, as soon as possible, be brought back to the line, and started along by the player next in turn. The file which, having complied with these require- ments, soonest gets back to its original position, wins. 35 Variation: Arch Ball* The ball, instead of being passed between the feet, is thrown backward over the head from one player to another. In all other re- spects the game of Arch Ball is identical with that of Medicine Ball. 35. TOUCH BALL. Grade : Grammar, High. Ho. of Players: ioto6o. Apparatus : Medicine ball or any unwieldy object. One player is chosen to stand in the centre, and the other players form a circle round him. Space is left between the players, so that the one in the centre can run in and out. The ball is passed here and there in any direction among those in the circle, and the one in the centre tries to touch it. If he succeeds in touching it while it is held by one of the players, that player changes places with him. If he touches it while no one is holding it, the one who had it last must change places with him. A player on going into the centre cannot at once touch the ball, but must wait until some other player has handled it. To make the game a success, the players should co- operate to keep the ball from the player in the centre, and should tease him, and make various feints. Variation; Circle Catch Ball. In this game a lighter ball should be used, one that can be readily thrown and caught. The object of the player in the centre is to catch the ball. A mere touch does not count. Except for this the game is like Touch Ball. 36. BOWL BALL. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players : 6 to 30. Apparatus : Indian club for each player ; basket ball ; handkerchiefs for half the number of players. Sides are chosen, and a circle is formed in which the players stand not less than six feet apart, with the players of one side alternating with those of the other. The Indian clubs belonging to one side are marked to distinguish them from the others by tying a handker- chief round each one of them, and then each player sets his club on the floor behind him. The object of the game is to knock down the opponents' clubs with the ball, and at the same time to protect one's own club. The ball is given to any player to start the game. This player may throw the ball immediately at an opponent's club or may pass it to a player of his own side. The ball must always be rolled on the floor, or must at least have touched the floor, before it knocks down a club or is caught by a player. When a club has been knocked down, it must be set up again immediately, and, if the owner of the club has the ball in his possession, he must set up his club before he bowls the ball. A side scores a point for every time an opponent's club is knocked down, whether it is knocked down by the ball or by the movement of its own guard. The side which has the larger score at the expiration of the time limit wins. The interest of the game is greatly increased by having two or more balls in play at the same time. 37 37. BOMBARDMENT. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players: 10 to 60. Apparatus : Indian clubs, half as r many as there are players ; balls or bean bags, half as many as there are players. Sides are chosen, and on each side half the players are appointed as guards and half as bowlers. A line is drawn to divide the floor into two equal fields, one for each side ; and the ninepins are distributed to the guards of the two sides, who set them up in the rear of their respective battlefields. The pins should be arranged at equal distances from each other in rows that are themselves at equal distances apart, and in such a way that the pins of one row alternate with those of the next. Each guard stands by his own pin to protect it, and, if it is knocked down, to set it up again. The bowlers, each armed with a ball or a bean bag, stand between the guards and the centre line. The object of the game is to knock down the opponents' pins. After the play has been begun, the balls may be thrown at any time until the game is ended. The bowlers are kept supplied with ammuni- tion by the guards on their side, who pass to them all the balls that come into their territory. Each side scores for every time that one of its opponents' pins is knocked down, whether it be by a ball or by a player. No player is allowed to cross the centre line. The side having the larger score when the time limit has expired is the winning side. The game may be varied by letting each player have both a bag and a ninepin. It may also be varied by allowing the pins to remain down when they have been knocked over, the object being, in that case, to see which side can longest keep its pins from being all knocked down. In both variations it is allowable for the players to protect each other's ninepins as well as their own. 38. STRING BALL. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players: 2 to 20. Apparatus : Ball attached to a rope ; object on which to hang the ball. The ball is hung from a piece of gymnastic appa- ratus, or, if the game is played out of doors, from the limb of a tree. The players stand about it in a circle. One player starts the game by striking the ball with his hand : the others try to catch the ball before he can hit it again If they do not catch the ball, he scores one ; and he continues to score one for each time he hits the ball until the ball is caught. Then the catcher strikes the ball, and the game goes on as before. K&J PILLAR BALL. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players : 8 to 40. Apparatus : Basket ball or volley ball ; pillar. 39 4 -.. 3 >. V goal throwers of B. 2 '"' **> guard* o* A. I ''' o Pillar or hoop. 1 ,. j *'>, guards of 8. B X' 3 s > goal throwers of A. A line is drawn round the pillar eight feet from the floor, and another ten feet from the floor. A space is left, and then on each side of the pillar are drawn four parallel lines (i, 2, 3, and 4 in diagram) for the players to stand upon. The players divide into two sides, A and B, half the A players standing on lines 1 and 3 of their own side of the field, and half on lines 2 and 4 of the opposite side of the field. B arranges its players in a similar manner. The players standing on lines I and 3 are guards : players standing on lines 2 and 4 are goal throwers. All players face the pillar and keep one foot on the line, although they may pass from side to side as far as to the next player. The game is started by the umpire, who throws the ball up in the air in the central space. Two selected guards, one from the first line of each side, jump and strike at the ball, and then return to 40 their places in line. Each side tries to pass the ball as quickly as possible to its goal throwers in the fourth line, these being the only ones privileged to throw directly at the pillar. The others merely help in passing the ball. The guards of both sides try to prevent the goal throwers on their side of the pillar from getting the ball or from hitting the pillar, and also pass the ball to their own goal throwers on the opposite side of the pillar. The goal players try to make the ball strike their opponents' space on the pillar ; that is, the space between the two horizontal lines. Stepping off the line with both feet, hugging, bat- ting, or kicking the ball, pushing, and rough play are all fouls. So, too, is striking a player, although it is allowable to strike a ball out of a player's hands, so long as the player himself is not struck. When a foul is made, the goal throwers of the opposite side have a free throw for the pillar. A strike made from the field counts two points: one made by a free throw after a foul counts one point. If, after a free throw, the ball fails to strike, it is in play ; and the game goes on as before. The game may be varied by having a ring or hoop in place of the pillar, the object being to send the ball through the hoop. The hoop should be sus- pended ten feet from the ground. 40. FLYING TARGET. Grade: High. No. of Players: 10 to 40. Apparatus: Basket ball; tennis balls, half as many as there are players. Out of doors a rectangular field, abed, is marked, and the lines ef and gh are drawn across the field parallel to the end lines, so as to form two smaller rectangles, x and y. Indoors two opposite sides of the rectangle, ad and be, may be formed by the walls of the room ; but the other two sides, ab and dc, must be drawn a few feet away from the walls, so as to leave a space beyond each end of the rectangle. An umpire is appointed, and sides are chosen. The players of one side stand here and there in x t and 42 those of the other scatter in y. The best throwers in x take the tennis balls, and stand in front. The umpire stands in the centre, and holds the basket ball. The game is started by the umpire's throwing the basket ball straight up in the air fifteen or twenty feet. The throwers in x try to throw their tennis balls so as to hit the basket ball before it comes to the ground. Meanwhile the players in y try to catch the tennis balls, and, failing in that, try to keep them from crossing the rear line, cd. For every time the basket ball is hit, the team in x score six points, and for every tennis ball that crosses the rear line, cd, they score three; but for every tennis ball that is caught the team in y score a point. After every throw by the umpire the points scored are counted, and the difference credited to the proper side. After every throw, too, the sides change in their play ; and those who were throwing take their turn at catching. 4*. BALL HIT. Grade: High. No. of Players: 8 to 20. Apparatus : Tennis ball. The players are divided into two teams, which have their innings alternately. Chalk circles, large enough for one player to stand in, are used as goals, and as many of them as there are players on one team are marked off at some distance apart from each other in a square or a circle. When team A has its inning, 43 each A player stands in a goal, while team B is free in the enclosed space. Team A starts the game by the preliminary play of tossing the ball once round the ring from player to player. The object there- after is to put out the B men, one at a time, by hit- ting them with the ball. In order to accomplish this, the A players may pass the ball from one to another in their own team until a good chance offers to hit one of the B's. During the passing among the A's the ball must be tossed; but, when an attempt is made to hit a B player, the ball must be thrown. An A may leave his goal to catch a ball, if necessary, but must have at least one foot in it when throwing to put out a B. Any infringement of these rules is a foul, as is also, a failure to hit a B when a throw is attempted. Five fouls put a player out. When half the players of either team are out, the inning is ended. The score is found by counting the difference be- tween the numbers of players left on the two teams, the difference being credited to the team having the greater number. The next inning then begins with the position of the teams reversed, B playing in the goals, and A in the centre. The game may consist of any even number of innings previously agreed upon. The difficulty and interest of the game may be in- creased in several ways : (i) the number of fouls that disqualify a player may be reduced (even to one, with skilful players) ; (2) when an A player in a goal attempts to put out a B, he may be required to call 44 out correctly the name of the B he intends to hit ; (3) the B players in the centre may be deprived of any part of the floor space, as, for example, by group- ing benches in the middle of it, so that the B's have to dodge round the outside of the benches ; (4) three less goals may be used, and three men reserved from each team to fill the vacancies in their teams as fast as they occur, in which case the fourth man out on either side ends the inning, and the score made is one. 42. BALL STAND. Grade: Grammar, High. No. of Players : 6 to 60. Apparatus : Free wall space in a room ; ball. The players are numbered, and stand near one cor- ner of the room. One of them bounces the ball against the wall, calling, at the same time, one of the numbers given to the players. Thereupon all the players except the one whose number has been called run as far away from the ball as they can. He, on the other hand, runs toward the ball, and gets it as quickly as possible. As soon as he has it, he stands still, and calls " Ball Stand ! " Then each player must stop running, and, without turning his head, stand with his back to the one who has the ball. The lat- ter, after taking time to aim, throws the ball to hit some one on the back. If he is successful, the one who has been struck calls out, " Hit I " Upon that 45 the other players run ; while the one who has been struck picks up the ball, and calls " Ball Stand 1 " The game continues as after the previous calling of " Ball Stand ! " If no one has been struck, all the players return to the corner, and the one who failed to hit starts the game as before. Count must be kept of the number of times each player fails, and for every failure a forfeit must be paid at the end of the game. Variation: Line Ball Stand. As many figures as there are players are marked in numerical order in a row opposite the free wall space, and the players take their positions on them. The leader throws the ball against the wall, and names one of the figures. The player who stands on the figure named tries to get the ball as quickly as possible, while the other players try to bat it away from him with their open palms. At the same time they try to keep out of his reach as much as possible. His neighbors at the right and the left are especially active in this, because they know from the first who has been called. If it is 10, for in- stance, 9 and 1 1 can both identify him without a mo- ment's delay. When the one whose number has been called succeeds in getting the ball, he cries, "Ball Stand ! " The game then goes on as in ' Ball Stand,' with one exception. Whether the throw to hit a player is successful or not, all the players return to the line after it has been made. 43. MOUNT BALL. Grade: Grammar. No. of Players : 4 to 60. Apparatus : A small, light ball. A leader is appointed, and the other players range themselves in line according to their height. They are then numbered by the leader. The odd numbers become ponies, and the even numbers riders. They pair off, each rider taking the pony to the right of him, and form in two concentric circles, with each rider behind his pony. The ponies stand with feet apart, hands braced on extended knees, and bodies inclined forward. At the signal " Mount I " the riders jump astride their ponies, and the leader puts the ball in play by throwing it to one of the riders, who catches it, and throws it to some other rider. The ball is kept passing among the riders as long as pos- sible ; but the ponies make the catching difficult by turning to the right or the left or by facing about, as the ball approaches. When any rider fails to catch the ball, all of the riders dismount and run from the circle, while all the ponies remain in place, except the pony of the rider who missed the ball. The pony picks the ball up, and throws it at his rider, if his rider is within range, and, if not, he throws it at the nearest rider. If no rider is within range, he may throw the ball to a pony who is nearer than he is ; and this pony then throws the ball at a rider, prefer- ably at the one who missed the ball. The rider who 47 is aimed at may fall to the ground or jump upward to avoid the ball, but may not otherwise leave his place. The ball should strike him on the body. Hand and foot touches count only when the rider is off the floor, in jumping to avoid the ball. If the rider is properly hit, the players exchange places, the riders becoming ponies, the ponies riders, and the game continues. If the throw is unsuccessful, the game proceeds as at first. The ball must not be held by any player, but must be kept in active play throughout the game. Each rider tosses it as soon as he receives it, no mat- ter what position he is in when it comes to him. The leader of the game gives the signals " Mount 1 " and "Dismount!" and determines "hits" and " misses." The game may be varied by instructing the riders to run into the circle after dismounting instead of running away from it. When the game is played in this way, all but the one at whom the ball is to be thrown should kneel or lie down. The game may also be played allowing any pony to pick up the ball, and then having the ball thrown at the nearest rider. 44. WAR.* Grade: High. No. of Players: 10 to 60. Apparatus : Basket ball. This game is contributed by Mr. J. E. Doldt, Physical Director of the Rhode Island State Normal School. 4 8 Two concentric circles are drawn at each end of the gymnasium floor. The size of the circles depends on the number of players. When there are thirty players on each side, the diameter of the inner circle should be fifteen feet, and that of the outer thirty feet. The inner circle is the fortress, and the space between the two circles is the trench. Behind each trench is drawn a prison ten feet square. The rest of the floor is the battlefield. The players are di- vided into two teams, which take possession of the two fortresses. Then one side advances to attack the fortress of the other side. The attacking party has the ball, which represents the ammunition ; and its object is to throw the ball in such a way that it will strike within the opponents' fortress. The as- sailants surround the trench, and pass the ball among themselves until a favorable opportunity offers for a well-directed shot. By making this preliminary pass- ing quick, they confuse the enemy, so that the enemy does not know from what quarter to expect the attack. If one of the assaulting party enters the enemy's trench, he may be tagged, and so made prisoner. If the shot, when finally made, is successful, the assaulting party scores one, and all of its men who are held prisoners are set free. The defending party, during the attack, stand within their trench or their fortress, and try to block the ball. But, if the ball falls into their hands, they rush as quickly as possible to attack the enemy's fortress, and on the way tag, and so make prisoners, 49 as many as they can of the enemies who are fleeing before them. The tagging must be done with the ball, either thrown or held in the hand. Arrived at the fortress, the attacking party attempt to throw the ball within it, and the game goes on as before. The defending party may go outside of their trench to get the ball if they wish, but they run the risk of being made prisoners by having the ball thrown by the enemy so as to hit them. When a ball is aimed for this purpose, if the player at whom it is aimed touches or intercepts it in any way, he is a prisoner. Each single point that is made is called .a battle, and the side that wins the greater number of battles within the time limit wins the game. 45. CURTAIN BALL. Grade: Grammar, High. No. of Players: 10 to 60. Apparatus : Curtain or screen seven feet high. A curtain or screen is stretched across the centre of the room, so that the players can see neither under nor over it. Half the players stand on one side, half on the other. One player throws or tosses the ball over the curtain, and a player on the other side catches the ball and throws or tosses it back. The object of the game is to make the ball touch the floor on the opponents' side. Every time it does so a point is scored for the side that threw the ball. The game can be made more difficult by keeping more than one ball in play. 46. HALEY OVER. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players: 10 to 60. Apparatus : Ball ; house, out of doors, or curtain, in- doors. Two parties are formed. They stand on opposite sides of a house. A player calls " Haley Over," and throws the ball over the house. One of the opposite party tries to catch it. If he succeeds, he darts round to the other side of the house. There he may either throw the ball to hit one of the players or keep the ball in his hand and tag with it. If he suc- ceeds in doing either, he takes the player whom he has hit or tagged back to his own side, and gives the ball to his opponents to throw again, because it is a disadvantage to throw the ball and an advantage to receive it. If he does not succeed, he stays where he is, with his opponents, and the ball is given to the side he has just left. If no one catches the ball when it is thrown over the house, the side that has failed to catch it calls " Haley Over," and throws it back. The uncertainty as to whether a ball is to be caught from over the roof or whether a player will appear to tag gives point to the game. The side wins which gains all the players. A referee for each side may be appointed if necessary. The game can also by played by throwing the ball over a curtain stretched in the gymnasium or in a large hall. 47. VOLLEY BALL. Grade: High. No. of Players : 2 to 30. Apparatus : Net two feet wide, of length to suit court ; volley ball. A court is marked off seventeen by forty feet if for two players, but larger if there are a greater number, about ten square feet being allowed for each player. A net is stretched to divide the court in halves length- wise. The top line of the net should be six feet six inches above the floor ; and, if the net is stretched be- tween poles, they must be at least one foot outside the lines. The game consists in keeping the ball in motion back and forth across the net by striking it with the open hand. The ball must not be allowed to go out- side the court or to touch the floor. A member of one side starts the game by standing with one foot on the back line of the court and with the other foot behind the line, and from there serving the ball by tossing it lightly from one hand and bat- ing it with the palm of the other hand. Two trials are allowed to send it into the opponents' court. If a ball in service threatens to strike the net or to fail to enter the opponents' court, another player of the same side may strike it, and, if necessary, still other players of the serving side may do the same ; but no player may strike more than twice in succession, and the server may not strike more than once. If, how- 52 ever, the ball goes outside the court or strikes the net, after having been hit by two or more players on the serving side, the server may not have a second trial. And, if a service strikes a player on the side of the server, the server is out unless the ball bounces into the opponents' court. A player continues serving until he makes two faults in succession during service or until his side does not return the ball. In returning, as weH as in serving the ball, any number of players on the same side may strike the ball to send it across the net ; but no player may strike more than twice in succession. The volleying of the ball continues until one side fails to return it or until it touches the floor. A ball which hits the net, if not a service ball, counts as a failure in returning. If the ball hits the net during service, it is " dead," and counts as a trial serve. If any one touches the net while playing, it puts the ball out of play, and counts for the opposite side ; and, if any player catches or holds the ball for an instant, that also counts for the opposite side. If the ball strikes any object except the floor and bounces back into the court, it is still in play. Each good service unreturned scores one for the serving side, and the serving side also scores whenever the opponents fail to return a ball which is in play. A side only scores when serving. An inning is fin- ished when each player has served in turn, and a game consists of any number of innings previously agreed upon. 53 48. CAPTAIN BALL. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players : 14 to 30. Apparatus : Basket ball, volley ball, or indoor base-ball. The players are divided into two teams, and each team appoints a captain. The positions the players take vary according to the number who take part in the game. A game with fourteen players is as fol- lows : Circles are drawn, and the players stationed as in diagram No. I. The circles may be from two to five feet in diameter, according to the skill of the players. Three feet is a good average. As will be seen from the diagram, each team has in one-half the field three men (homes) stationed within the circles, and in the other half of the field three men (defenders) stationed outside the circles, and one man who is, at the begin- ning of the game, stationed in the centre of the field. The homes may not leave their circles, nor the defend- ers enter them. Each defender must remain near the circle he guards, but the men in the centre may run anywhere except inside the circles. The object of each team is to pass the ball to its own captain by means of the players in the two cir- cles nearest him, and every ball thus caught by a cap- tain scores one for his team. The captain cannot score a point on a ball received directly from his free centre man nor from any of the defenders on his side, but only from his own homes. The ball is put in play 54 o O B 2 rt Cu .2 2 0) 0) grs- s s 18 O 55 S3 Z> O* O'O O eg ex & 2 &t S PM I I * A 56 .e ss .o CO 03 03 C9 C9 6 S A O I I s; by being tossed up between the two opposing centre players, at least one of whom must touch it before any of the other players are allowed to. Both hands on a ball are necessary to secure it. In case of doubt as to which player first put both hands upon it, the ball should be tossed up again in the centre. The game may consist of two halves of from ten to thirty minutes each, and the team scoring the greater num- ber of points wins. In the second half the players should reverse their positions, so that all those pre- viously standing in the circles shall then be outside and vice versm. The following are fouls : running with, kicking, or handing the ball ; snatching or batting the ball from the opponent's hands ; holding the ball more than three seconds ; bouncing the ball more than three times in succession; unnecessary roughness. It is also a foul if either the defenders or the centre play- ers step with even one foot inside the circles or if a home steps with both feet outside his circle. In case a home jumps to catch a ball and lands on one foot outside, it is not a foul if, without stirring the foot on which he stands, he can and does replace his other foot inside his circle. When a foul has been made on one side, the ball goes to the other side ; and one of the homes of that side has a free chance to throw to his captain, the captain's opponent being allowed to prevent the catch if possible, but no one being allowed to guard the thrower. 58 If the game is played by more than fourteen, more circles may be used or more free men may play in the centre field. Diagram No. 2 suggests a possible arrangement. The rules for the game remain the same. When the class is large and the time is limited, the game may be played according to diagram No. 3. The field is divided by a centre line, which the play- ers cannot cross. None of the players have circles but the captains. The rest stand in what is approxi- mately a large ring. Half of them act as homes, and the other half as guards. 49. BALL AND BASES. Grade : Grammar, High. No. of Players : 6 to 20. Apparatus: Ball. A place is marked for home plate, and three other bases are marked to complete the diamond, as in base-ball. Sides A and B are chosen. No. I of side A is the batter, and stands on the home plate. No. i of side B is pitcher, and stands not less than five places from him. The pitcher tosses the ball to the batter, who strikes it with his hand as far as possible in any direction, and runs to the first base, and then to the second and the third bases, and to the home plate, or so far as he can, before the pitcher has picked up the ball, and, holding it in his hand, has touched the home plate with it. The batter scores 59 as many points for his side as he has run bases before the home plate is touched. If the pitcher catches the ball on the fly, the batter is out. If the runner reaches the third base before the ball is returned to the home plate, he may remain there, and try for the home plate when the next batter of his side strikes the ball ; and, if he reaches it then, he scores four for his side. Touching all the bases on one run is called a home run, and counts five. After a play has been made, No. 2 of side A takes his place at the home plate, and No. 2 of side B is pitcher. When all the A's have batted and all the B's have pitched, an inning has been played. The B's then come to the bat, and the A's pitch. Any even number of innings constitutes a game. 50. BOSTON BALL. Grade: High. No. of Players: 18. Apparatus : Indoor base-ball. Sides are chosen, called A and B. A is in the field ; and B has the first inning, or chance of scoring. B i stands on the home plate as first batter. The pitcher holds the ball, and, standing within the pitcher's box, tosses the ball to the batter, who catches it. The object of the batter is to throw the ball, either bowling it on the floor or throwing it no higher than the pitcher's head, across line FF. While he throws, he keeps at least one foot on the home 6o plate. If he succeeds in his throw, the ball is fair ; and he must try to reach the first base before the first baseman catches the ball, which may be thrown A3