y 1887 History of the Central Labor Union OF Springfield, Mass. WITH Some of the Pioneers Brief Sketches of Affiliated Unions 1912 Edited and Comprfcd by A. F. Hardwick. THIS BOOK PRINTED ON UNION WATER MARK PAP El 5RLF URL Preface When the project to compile a history of the Central Lahor Union was first broached, it was deemed an easy way of preserving for future generations of lahor delegates the principal events with which the Central body had been connected in the first twenty-five years of its existence. From the outset difficulties accumulated. The financial side was met by the solicitation of advertisements from our friends. Here the committee ran counter to the Board of Trade, who refused their sanction — at least, so far as their mem- bership was concerned. Most of the large advertisers in the city are members of that body, and on the inside exists what is known as an Advertisers' Pro- tective Association, whose members are enjoined not to advertise in anything that does not come within their meaning of a useful advertising medium. All such things as souvenirs and programs are tabooed, and the committee were thus seriously handicapped. Then, it was decided to get the local unions to contribute short sketches of their history, and make a nominal charge for such publication. A nominal charge, too. was to lie asked for the book itself. Thus, in a measure, the financial difficulty was surmounted. A stone wall was encountered when an attempt was made to find the records of the body. It was found impossible to obtain any written records of the body prior to the year 1!><)2, and what matter appears in this work prior to that date has been culled from newspaper clippings and such recol- lections as the older delegates to the body had. Xo list of officers or delegates could be found, and should any be found in these page-- not in their correct order, the editor asks for indulgence, for his ta>k has been a heavy one and the time at his disposal far too short to produce such a work. What measurt of success has been attained, if any, the committee here- with presents for your approval. [ames S. Sherhurxe (Chairman). I). F. McCarthy (Secretarv). G. !l. Wrexx, W. II. Grady. II. C. \Teisuh r, W. Flyxx. A. !•:. \Yu.sox, A. A. X At" MANX, M. T. XniiLL. Fellowship Wlien a man ain't got a cent, an' lie's feeling kind of blue, An' the clouds hang dark an' heavy, an' won't let the sunshine through, It's a great thing, O my brethren, for a feller just to lay His hand upon your shoulder in a friendly sort of way! It makes a man feel queerish, it makes the teardrops start. An' you sort o' feel a flutter in the region of the heart; You can't look up and meet his eyes; you don't know what to say, When his hand is on your shoulder in a friendly sort of way! Oh. the world's a curious compound, with its honey and its gall. With its cares and bitter crosses, but a good world after all; An' a good God must hare made it — leastzuays, that is what I say When a hand is on my shoulder in a friendly sort of way. — Tame? YVhitcomb Riley. BISHOP N. SALTUS First President of the Central Labor Union History of the Central Labor Union EBSTER defines history as a series of events set down in chrono- logical order, but a history of the Central Labor Union of Spring- field, Mass., may well be preceded by a summary of events leading up to the date of its organization, showing how country-wide was the unrest that for nearly a century had seethed in America. The appeal in the first chapter and the eighteenth verse of the prophet Isaiah, "Come, now, and let us reason together," doubtless was the idea that prompted the pioneers in agitation to get together in an endeavor to mitigate the hard lot of the laborer. That their efforts have been crowned with a goodly measure of success history tells. The story of the Central Labor Union is largely a history of the men who made it what it is today, and some explanation of what the body is. why it was formed, its aims, hopes and ambitions, may not be out of place, and will especially educate the lay mind and the non-union worker who has not yet joined the ranks of organized labor. The local "Parliament" of workmen was peculiarly fortunate in the choice of its first president, and the name of Bishop X. Saltus will be held in happy memory so long as the body remains in existence. A general agitation of the labor movement began in this country nearly 100 years ago. but up to the time of the Civil War no real progress had been made in effective organization. In 1861 the horse-car drivers formed a benevolent association, one John Walker being the founder. This organization was soon forced, however, to expand its scope of usefulness, and from benevolent actions it was obliged to take active measures to prevent a reduction of wages. The coal miners formed a national association the same year. Less than twelve months later the Boston United Laborers' Society was called into being, being followed by the hack drivers, the locomotive engineers, and the Garment Work- ers' Association (from whose members sprung the Knights of Labor). About the same time the trades in California formed an amalgamation, and secret associations with signs and passwords were established in various parts of the country. Through the efforts of these societies many workingmen were elected to legislative bodies in various states, and the building trades were especially aggressive. In 1804 the International Cigar Makers' Union was established; the stone- cutters, pianoforte makers, blacksmiths and carpenters organized to secure higher wages, and the journeymen tailors formed a national trades union. The Civil War checked labor activities, but at its close the labor press began to be active, one of the most important publications coming into existence being the Daily Evening Voice, issued under the auspices of the Boston Typographical Union. Shortlv after the effects of combination and agitation were noticeable by the introduction into the Massachusetts Legislature of an order instructing the judiciary committee to investigate and consider the expediency of regulating and limiting the hours of labor that should constitute a day's work, and a com- mission was appointed by Governor Andrew to go more fully into the matter. In the following administration Governor Bullock carried the work along. In 180(1 several eight-hour bills were introduced into the United States Congress. Two years later an eight-hour measure relating to laborers, work- men and mechanics in the emplov of the United States Government was passed and was signed bv President folmson. and on Mav IT !>»!!>, President Grant Central Labor Union History issued a proclamation that no reduction should be made in the wages of the workmen by reason of the reduction of the hours of labor. This was made retroactive by an act passed in May. 1872, securing to all laborers, workmen and mechanics employed by the Government between June 25, 1869, and May 1!). 1809, pay or compensation on the basis of a full, regular day's pay for eight hours' labor, and the same body ratified the proclamation of President Grant by passing a resolution which practically declared that a reduction in the hours of labor should not be followed by a corresponding reduction in wages. Thus was established a precedent, which, had it been recognized by the employers in Lawrence recently, would have avoided trouble on the passage of the law limiting the hours of labor in this state. Twentv-five years ago the "Confederation of Labor" (the first name of the local union of unions), met in the old Foot block, which formerly stood at the corner of State and Main streets, where the fine new building of the Massachu- setts Mutual now stands. The struggle in the early days was for actual exist- ence, for unionism and progress have not always been analagous within its jurisdiction, as will be seen before the final pages are written. The education of the laboring man was the first thing undertaken ; later came the demand for better working conditions, shorter hours of labor, improved sanitation in the workshop and factory, and better recompense for labor performed. The strug- gle is still going on. but other and more forcible methods prevail than of yore. Instead of the strike and bovcott. as it was earlier understood, the workers have learned the way to the State House, and it is being slowly realized that one of the most effective weapons in the hands of the worker is the ballot. A strike of tailors in April, 1SS7. was primarily the beginning of the organization now known as the Central Labor Union. The local tailors' union had got into disagreement with their employers and the grievance was of sufficient importance to warrant cessation of work. The tailors asked the co- operation of the other bodies that were organized at that time and the result of their appeal for moral, if not material, support, was a meeting of those unions, who sent delegations to meet the tailors. The unions represented were the cigar makers, printers, carpenters and tailors. The delegates assured the tailors of their support, and it is on record that as the result of that support the tailor- won their strike. There were but seven unions of any consequence in the city at the time, and they were looked on with cold tolerance by the employers, but the effect of the little difficulty was the inauguration of a move- ment far-reaching in its power for the betterment of the worker in this vicinity. Among the delegate- present at the first meeting were Edward Magargal. Michael Xihill. James H. Flynn. William K. Hempstead. C. E. Hubbard, Robert M. West and William Freese, recording secretary. To Bishop X. Saltus, more than to any one other man. must be given credit for the origin of the movement. He and James S. Sherburne of the Typo- graphical Union started a discussion as to the advisability of forming some kind of a bodv to winch all of the unions in the district could become affiliated. Thev found on comparing notes that their confrere- had been discussing the same thing. < )rganization then was easy, and as a result of such, organization Ih'-hop X. Saltus. of the Cigar Maker-' Union was elected the first president. Morn in Pmrlington. Yt.. in 1>4<'>. Mr. Saltus early learned the cigar maker-' trade in that citv. Toward the close of the Civil War he responded to the last call for volunteers, iu-t before the fall of Richmond, lie was drafted with Central Labor Union History 9 the three months' men and his service in the active line was thus limited to routine work. At the close of the war he returned North and was engaged in the manufacture of cigars with the Corporated Cigar Company of Westfield, leaving that concern to join the Moonlight Company. A few years later found him in a higher capacity with the Clark Company of Cambridgeport, he having charge of that plant for two years. He arrived in Springfield in the early SO's, obtaining employment with Margerum Brothers, later going over to M. H. Barnett's. He was at one time a member of the Knights of Labor. He was instrumental in building up the Cigar Makers' Union, when that organization was rejuvenated after the panic of 1S73, a time when several unions went to the wall. The local to which he gave most of his spare time quickly became one of the strongest bodies in the city. Opposition in those days was strong and Mr. Saltus had not only the strength of the employers to combat, but also the indifference and inertia of the worker himself. Of magnetic personality, however, he quickly learned the faculty of making others see the advantages of which he was so strong an advocate. He died at the comparatively early age of 46, in 1891. Nothing appears to have been done to perpetuate his memory in labor circles until last year, when a movement was initiated by his fellow-pioneer in the vineyard of labor unionism. James S. Sherburne, to have a framed picture of its first president hung in the Central Labor lodge, where it now looks down upon the deliberations of his successors. He was buried in Pine Hill Cemetery, Westfield. The list of presidents of the Central Labor Union is a roll of substantial men who have stood for the best in the labor union movement. Most of them have been broad-minded, far-seeing leaders who commanded the entire confi- dence of those who had elected them to the highest office possible. That they carried out their mission is shown by the fact that most of them served for more than one term. The list, with the name of the trade with which they were connected, follows: Charles Rawbone. cigar maker: Timothy Mahar, cigar maker: Maurice Cavanaugh. typesetter; Jeremiah F. Mahoney, cigar maker; (). Tl. Robbins of the Molders' Union: Charles G. Hart, metal polisher: Robert M. West, carpenter; William FT. Grady, painter; George H. Wrenn, cigar maker; Samuel Strangford. typesetter; Simon Griffin, clothing clerk; Richard A. Hennessey, bricklayer; Michael Kelleher, bartender; George Paine, painter; William Flvnn. stonecutter: William F. ITealv. trolleyman, and Paul Davis, billposter. The first meetings were held in the Foot block, as already stated, then in Turn hall, and the unions that composed it then were the cigar makers, the Typographical Union, the iron molders. painters, carpenters and tailors. The organization soon became strong enough to secure room-- of its own. Quarters were engaged on the second floor of what is now the Harvey & Lewis building. These were again outgrown, and rooms were secured in the Morse building on San ford street, a few doors east of the present location. From there the head- quarters were moved to the corner of Harrison avenue and Dwight street. Six years ago the entire building at 19 Sanford street, above the ground floor, was secured, and all of this has been utilized since that time: the next move, it is hoped, will he into a building of its own. of which mention will he made later on. The Central Labor Union is an organization of workingmen designed to give moral support to all trades and callings tor the purpose of bettering condi- tions morally, mentally and financially. It has aided in organizing the weaker Central Labor Union History trader. In cases of dispute between unions and employers which cannot be settled amicably, it gives its moral support when strikes are thought justifiable, and this knowledge that the thousands of laboring men represented by the Central body were behind the strikers with their sympathy has been a material factor in the success of strikes. The war horse of the trade union movement in Springfield is William H. ( Iradv. for many years business agent of the Painters' Union. Honored by bis fellows by election to the City Council. Mr. < iradv has also sought admission to the Legis- lature, and has been candidate for mayor of the city. His fellow- unionists have not al- ways been able to see eye to eye with him and many have been the fights in which he has engaged. Rugged, hon- est and faithful to his trust at all times, he has been in the forefront of the battle for the rights of the workingman and has been the progenitor of considerable legisla- tion looking to that end. Horn in Lowell. Mass.. in 1-.V\ William H. ( irady early manifested an interest in affairs municipal, and was elected o mmon coun- cilman in the city of Lowell on the Demo- cratic ticket, serving that city in 1S70-1S77. J he water question in that city was being hotly liscus.-ed at that time and Mr. I Irady gained valuable experience then which stood him in good stead in after years. Air. Grady served as delegate to the Central body for twenty years ere he was chosen for the highest office in the gift of that body, but he was ever prominent in committee work and his record in that respect is something of which any labor leader might be proud. Treasurer of the body in l s '.'7. Mr. < irady's name appears on the charter issued by the American Federation of Labor in that year. In liinl he was nominated for the presidency, his oppo- nent beintr Hallenstein of the Ciear Makers' Union. Xinetv-two votes were WILLIAM H. GRADY One of the Pioneers, Now Business Agent for the Plumbers' Union. Central Labor Union History 11 cast, of which Mr. Grady received 50, Hallenstein 41 ; Delegate LaFrancis being given the odd vote as complimentary. In his twenty-five years' service with the Central body, with a brief interval outside, Mr. Grady has given much time and energy to the cause of organized labor, but it is chiefly as a walking delegate that he is well known, and a short synopsis of the duties of the business agent may not be out of place here. This official is popularly looked on as the cause of all the labor trouble that ever existed. He usually represents several unions and, in Mr. Grady's case, he represented the Building Trades Council, which, as its name implies, was composed of all trades connected with building. He inspects the conditions of service, keeps an eye on union and non-union working men on a job, and promptly acts if he finds one of the latter working with one of the former. The business agent was created a long time ago, after many men had lost their jobs in trying to better matters by personal argument with the employer. The agent's duties are now more numerous than formerly, and he is a very important institution. He, however, does not act on his own initiative, but strictly on orders, and the popular notion that he can. of his own volition, walk into a building and call out all the union men employed there is erroneous. Toward the end of 1909 the Painters' Union decided that a younger man would serve them better, and so well did the opposition to Mr. Grady mate- rialize that when the election came they decisively defeated the veteran. It was not so much that they had any charge of incompetency to bring up against him. but it was claimed that his work was not producing results. For over a year the painters' strike had been dragging on, and, while a majority of the paint shops in the city were unionized, still there were many on the other side, and one of the largest shops in the city was outside the pale. This was a source of much discontent in the ranks of the union, and the net result of the campaign, short and sharp as it was, was that Mr. Grady was deposed and I'. II. Triggs took up the burden. William II. Grady, as has been said, was an important man on committee work and was one of the principals connected with the starting of the co- operative laundry which was backed by the Central Labor Union and in which a lot of union money was sunk. He also acted on the committee that so suc- cessfully handled the Ludlow strike. Mr. Grady is at present, strange as the combination sounds, business agent for the Plumbers' Union, and he also represents Ward -1 on the City Council, lie carries his years lightly and is putting in useful work as chairman of the legislative committee of the Central Labor Union. The Central Labor L'nion most of all. however, is a factor for peaceful settlement. All grievances are brought before the organization, and its griev- ance committee makes an investigation and an attempt to settle the dispute without open hostility, before any strike approval is ever given. Along this line progress has been great. In the early davs of the organization the men used to declare their strike and then go to the Central Labor Union for help. Amendments were made to the constitution forbidding the organization to contribute financial aid to anv cause, and to compel an attempt at peaceful settlement before war was declared. A vast majority of disputes are now 12 Central Labor Union History settled in this way without their ever coming to public attention. The griev- ance committee thus has become the most important committee of the body. The next most important of the standing committees is the legislative. This committee has attended many hearings at the State House, and their influence lias been considerable. The members of it are recognized as able representatives of the labor interests. Among the measures they have favored were the old-age pension act and the eight-hour bill that was vetoed by Governor Draper. They have opposed both the Luce compulsory arbitra- tion act and the Hugo act as impracticable in their attempt to transpose the Canadian system to this state with bearing on all trade disputes, instead of on the public utilities corporations alone, as in Canada. They have also taken a strong stand for the development of trade schools which shall be real trade schools, preparing boys to go into the world and actually earn their living. Briefly, then, the Central Labor Union was organized as a parliament of laboring men united for the promotion of common interests, mutual benefit and protection. It consists of five delegates from each local union affiliated, and, while it allows each individual organization the right to conduct its own affairs and legislate for itself, it recognizes only the good and welfare of all, and this it aims to obtain through co-operation and combination. It carries on vigor- ously agitation, promotes organization, originates and supports legislation, exchanges ideas and methods, and gathers and diffuses information, the busy and always competent secretary compiling a lengthy bulletin from the pro- ceedings of each monthly meeting and forwarding to the local affiliated unions an excellent summary of the proceedings. Having enrolled under its banner the different trades, it is thus in a position to understand and advance the interests of all by unity of action and to stand shoulder to shoulder for the correction of abuses, the redress of grievances and the rendition of moral, if not financial, support in times of difficulty. Financial support being forbidden directly by its constitution it, nevertheless, does inaugurate movements for obtaining the sinews of war whenever it is necessary, as is well known from its conduct of financial campaigns for the Ludlow, Lawrence and other strikes. Summarized from the constitution the objects of the "parliament"' are: 1. To organize trades and labor unions. 2. To promote the consolidation of all unions. 3. To secure labor legislation. 4. To secure and maintain a fair rate of wages. 5. To secure the shortening of the hours of labor. 6. To adjust grievances. Such then have been its policies in the past, and who shall say that they have not met with at least a fair measure of success, for the Central Labor Union has always represented the most advanced views of the labor leaders of this vicinity and the delegates to the body from the local unions have been among the ablest of their craft, and their deliberations in debate have been marked with a caution that would not discredit the highest deliberative body in the state. For ten years the body was independent, then, in 1S97, a charter was accepted from the American Federation of Labor, with which body it is still affiliated. The names on the charter are: Teremiah Mahoney, Charles Hart, M. J. Ludden, D. B. Kervick, M. B. Carr, William H. Grady and John Hurley. progress was slow for a time, and many were the vicissitudes of the body, Central Labor Union History 13 and, though Chicopee was included in the ranks, only a dozen unions had become affiliated in the first dozen years of its existence. Then, however, a decided boom took place. The ranks of the body were quickly filling with the cream of the tradesmen of the city. The bricklayer and carpenter employed to build your house, the waiter serving your lunch, the man that hustled the scenery at the local playhouses, in fact, every conceivable craft, were all union men, and all their locals were affiliated with the Central body. It was truly called the "balance wheel" of the labor movement and, its arms, stretching out through the international organizations, continent wide, was beginning to make its presence felt. Night after night at the old Harrison avenue rooms hosts of rough-handed but serious-minded men were taken in, sometimes dozens at a time, and despite the fact that active opposition was very much in evidence, the movement spread surely. But, as has been said, the body had many vicissitudes, and from a total of 70 unions and 10,000 men. the sum total today is but 41 unions, but their strength is far in excess of the unions of the earlier days. Following is a list of the unions affiliated at the present time, together with the dates of the charters under which they work : Union Date of Charter Under Which They Work Bakers and Confectionery Workers March 11, 1909 Barbers February 1, 1899 Bartenders January, 1896 Billposters March, 1903 Bottlers and Drivers June, 1893 Bricklayers and Masons May, 1885 Brotherhood of Stationary Firemen July 30, 1910 Building- Laborers Mav 31,' 1890 Carpenters and Joiners, Xo. 96 Xovember 1, 1888 Carpenters and Joiners, Xo. 177 May 19, 1897 Cigar Makers October 27, 1877 Coal Handlers Julv 5. 1899 Cooks and Waiters February 20, 1909 Drop Forgers December, 1904 Federation of Musicians December 16, 1901 Garment Cutters Julv 1905 Grain and Mason's Supplv Handlers Mav' 14 1SQ9 Harness Makers January 25, 1907 Horseshoers August 18, 1899 Iron Molders June> lg99 Italian Building Laborers 190.3 Journeymen Plumbers June 189° Metal Polishers Julv '7. 1896 Mill Carpenters and Joiners \pril "9 1902 Moving Picture Operators May. 1910 Painters and Decorators April 1° 1903 Photo-Engravers October 'l, 1910 Printing Pressmen February IS. 1897 Schoolhouse Custodians February l'tll Sheet Metal Workers Mav 1903 Stationary Firemen August 1 1903 Steam Engineers Mart , n L , 4 ' 19( /, £ earn fitters September 1, 1903 btereotypers and Electrotypers January 1, 19o2 Stone Cutters M . 1V , ' 1894 Street Railway Employes January 10, 19o7 ™"T- , «♦ r, , September 2, 1S99 rheatrical Stage Employes Ju J v 10(l o Tobacco Strippers September IS, 1907 M.ographical November 19, 1885 Upholsterers M . |V L>7 _ ]91l , United Brewery Workers September °3 1S9° Waste Handlers March, lam" ' Hood, Wire and Metal Lathers April, 1900 14 Central Labor Union History There have been many other unions affiliated with the Central bodv in the course of its brief existence. Many have died of inanition : others have voluntarily withdrawn and others have been expelled. Workmen have, as a rule, favored arbitration, or the submission of the differences to an impartial tribunal, and in almost every case where thev have succeeded in obtaining such a hearing they have loyally stood by the decision, were it in their favor or against them. Employers have not always seen eve to eve with them and have been slow in agreeing to an impartial tribunal, ignoring the necessities of life and almost putting the laborer on the same plane as the merchandise he helped to put on the market. Whenever disputes occurred, therefore, there was inevitably a conflict, for it is not in human nature for skilled workmen, who know their own value in the marts of the world, to submit to treatment of this kind. The strike, therefore, was alwavs in evidence and the old. old story, which has to be told almost from the beginning of time, of the weak being pitted against the strong, was the result. Continual clashing, involving the loss of money, temper and. in many cases, self-respect, did not tend to the uplift of the worker, for while the bread- winner was forced temporarily, it may be, out of his job, the women would suffer and the children would go hungry. It is even so today, though the strength of the labor movement mitigates, to some extent, the suffering of the dependents. The years 1901 and 1902 were remarkable chiefly for the large number of small grievances with local firms, many of whom had hardly heard of the existence of the Central Labor Union, or who. at least, professed never to have been aware of its existence. The troubles, however, mostly appeared to have been settled amicably and with little display of force. Outside the jurisdiction, troubles of international importance were taking place which required the co-operation of the local body, and this was heartily accorded. For instance, a cash register concern of country-wide importance was reported to the international bodies for notoriously unfair conditions in their shops, and a boycott was promptly declared on their wares. For many months the struggle- continued and very effective were the methods employed. In any case where information was received that the production of this firm was delivered in this city, members of the committee having the matter in charge called upon the recipients and pointed out the possible harm to their trade if they persisted in retaining the obnoxious firm's goods, and scarcely in any case did they report non-success in having the goods thrown back upon the maker's hands. So bitter became the fight that the local agent stated that the boycott had injured his sales to such an extent that action by the firm was necessary, and a meeting of the local metal polishers and the local agent was arranged with a view to settlement. The agent took the matter up with the Xew England agent>' conference, and thus was shown the power of the combination of the workers. Similar action was taken with a local automobile concern. Pressure- was brought to bear on local medical men who were known to have bought the machines of this firm, and an early request was made by the manufacturer for a meeting; the matter being settled to the satisfaction of the body. Again. a rubber firm manufacturing tires of international fame in the city of Xew York were declared unfair to union labor. The boycott was threatened and the firm notified. The reply tendered to the committee by the local agent Central Labor Union History 15 was that he would rather welcome a boycott on his firm's goods, as it would advertise them better than he, himself, could do. This was an international boycott, called for by the American Federation of Labor, and the action taken by the local committee obtained throughout the length and breadth of the land. The tires got their advertisement, — but the manufactory was very shortly declared fair to union labor. With Richard A. Hennessey at the head of the organization, the body now began to assume aggressive tactics. The legislative committee was getting in its work and the lines within the ranks of the laboring men were being drawn tighter. It was realized that the union man, himself, was one of his own greatest enemies, for by neglecting to live up to his obligation he was playing into the hands of the opposition, and so the unfair list was called into exist- ence. Local unions were requested to compile a list of firms in their respective trades that were not in entire agreement with their employes and who were not amenable to reason from their standpoint and giving the reasons for that state of being, the possible terms of settlement and suggestions that would aid in reaching such settlement as would be agreeable to the workers. The unfair concerns were notified of the attitude of the unions to their methods, and suggestions thrown out that would aid in reaching a settlement that would be agreeable to the men. Pickets were appointed to watch the stores and shops to prevent any union man from dealing with them, and thus the unfair list, as a practical method of war. came into being. Something of the sort had existed prior to this, but it now became effective for the first time in strength. Indifference to their own interests was shown about this time by a statement of a local master teamster, who. when approached by a committee with the view of adjusting a grievance, said that his men evidently did not want interference with their employment and had no use for unions, as he had several times personally paid the dues of such of his men as were in arrears in order to keep them together. The matter in dispute was dropped by the Central body and referred back to the local. Hereabouts the local bootblacks, recognizing the advantages of combination, formed themselves into a union, applied for a charter, and upon organization promptly raised the price for a shine to 10 cents. The local had lots of trouble, however, and its life was not a long one. Labor day of September, 1902. was remarkable for the displav of strength exhibited by the laboring men of the Connecticut valley. A monster parade was organized in Holyoke, and it is estimated that fully 10,000 men were in line. Springfield sent its cpiota under the marshalship of George Wrenn. Conspicuous uniforms were worn, some trades appearing in white suits with black ties, others varying the monotony by reversing the colors. The dav was a huge success from every point of view, and of interest, in these davs of fast motoring, was an automobile race arranged for the edification of the vast crowd that assembled. It is recorded that a Springfield machine won the race — the first of its kind in this part of the country — the time for five miles being given as 1." minutes: quite a contrast to the fliers being built In- some of the men of organized labor today. A balloon ascension, too. took place, which may be recalled by many on account of the contretemps that happened to the aeronaut. At a height of ."00 feet or so. a bomb had been arranged to explode, which would release a parachute to which the aeronaut clung. The arrangement succeeded in so far as releasing the aeronaut was 10 Central Labor Union History concerned — but the man dropped into the Connecticut river, from which he was rescued, wetter, if not wiser. Seventy unions claimed allegiance to the Central body in 1903. approxi- mately 10,000 men being under its guardianship. The name of Jeremiah F. Mahoney stands out as a bright particular star in everything pertaining to the labor movement wherever he had been located, and his death at the comparatively early age of 58 was a severe blow to his large circle of friends. Born in Clinton county, Xew York state, in 1850, he, with his parents, moved into this state at a very early age. He. however, learned the cigar makers' trade in Windsor, Conn. Upon the completion of his apprenticeship he joined the Cigar Makers' Union and remained a member until the reorganization took place. On December 18, 18S0, he became asso- ciated with the International in Hart- ford and continued an active member till his death. He held every office of consequence in the gift of his local and was a delegate to International con- ventions, Toronto in 1883, Cincinnati in 1884, and Binghamton in 1887. For two years. 18S4-1SS5, he was a member of the International executive board of his organization, being seventh vice- president. While Mr. Mahoney never sought political office, it is on record that he served as councilman in Spring- field during the years 18S9-1S92, but his heart was always with the trade-union movement and it is a matter of history that his advice was being continually sought in matters pertaining to crafts- manship. In his own local and the Central Labor Union he has held many offices. The delegates early realized his worth as a "captain" and were insistent that he hold office. He was several times president and at the time of his death he was corresponding secretary of the body, being at the same time label secretary of the local Cigar Makers' Union, a very important position with that craft. He was several times president of Cigar Makers' Xo. 49, and was at intervals for a number of years an organizer for the American Federation of Labor. Always conservative in his views, he never fomented trouble and though always ready to stand on the firing line, he held the respect of both his employers and his fellow-workers in a striking degree, and his views on any question concerning the prohlems of the day were listened to with marked attention, his word always carrying weight. The following strenuous week led to his final illness: Mr. Mahoney was a delegate from his local union to the Xew England Label conference in Providence, October 7 to 10, 1908; immediately upon his arrival home he left for Holyoke, where he was a guest and speaker at the tenth JEREMIAH MAHONEY (Cigar Maker) Ex-President of the Cen- tral Labor Union, Who Died in Harness as Secretary. Central Labor Uxiox History 17 anniversary of the stationary firemen. He left Holyoke the same evening about 11 o'clock in a drizzling rain, and the next day found him en route for the State Branch convention in Lowell. After the session he admitted that he was not feeling very well. After eating a very light supper he went to his room in the Xew American Motel and went to bed. Soon after retiring he began to feel worse, and later in the evening, as Frank 11. McCarthy of the Boston Cigar Makers' Union was going down the hall to bis room, Mr. Mahoney called to him. Mr. McCarthy immediately noticed the seriousness of the illness and called a physician. Mr. McCarthy, the physician and the Holvoke delegates staved with him until the morning hours, when it was deemed best to call in a trained nurse, and, on account of lack of accommoda- tions for a sick man. be was removed to St. John's Hospital. Improvement noticed there was. however, but temporary and two days later. October 11, IW\S, he died of acute pneumonia. In a letter to the secretarv of Xo. 49, L. A. Bolio, a former vice-president of the Cigar Makers' International Union, had the following to say regarding the death of Brother Mahoney: "Words cannot express my sorrow. I first met him at the Toronto conven- tion in !>>:>. His quiet, unassuming ways and apparent good, leved-headed judgment en all matters that came up, attracted me, and 1 made up my mind he was a man whose acquaintance was worth cultivating and 1 have not been disappointed in him. lie was a trade unionist of the old school that did things hecause he saw things that needed to be done, and not because oi any financial recompense; that was a secondarv matter with him. Never self-seeking, but always self-sacrificing. Not seeking for office because of any honor it would bring to him. hut only accepting office when urged to do so bv bis fellow- workmen, because of the opportunity of doing good in such office. 1 have valued bis friend-hip and loved to counsel with him. We of Union 2 s have felt that he belonged to us, as well as to 4'.'. Personally, you and I will miss him greatlv as a friend and co-worker. Union No. I'.' has lost one of its most solid men; the general labor movement has lost a respected leader and hard worker. Few were his equals, none his superiors. Upright in character. honest in purpose, true to his convictions, charitable in his judgment of his opposers, a lover of justice and truth, a staunch friend. When the historv of the labor movement oi Western Massachusetts is written the most prominent name of the men of his dav will be that of [eremiah b. Mahoncv of Springfield. I extend my heartfelt sympathy to von in the loss of our mutual friend, and to Union No. 4!' in the loss of one of it > strongest pillars." The Central Labor Union, in taking action relative to the death of their corresponding secretary, passed the following resolutions: Whereas, In view of the loss we have sustained by the death of our late secretary, it is -till a heavier loss to those near and dear to him ; therefore, he it Rcsok'cd. That it : s but a just tribute to the memorv of our de- parted brother to sav that in regretting his removal from our midst we mourn for one who was in every wav worthv of our respect and regard : /\\wr>/rve forwarded to the family of our departed brother, be published in all the local daily papers, and spread upon the records of the Central Labor Union. Sickness and distress had manifested itself at a period prior to this death, and the sympathy of the workingmen of the city was shown in a striking manner by the raising of a cash testimonial to relieve him. Xo sooner was the appeal made than the local unions responded and in short order a sum approach- ing the $500 mark was raised, his own local contributing generously nearly $100. JOHN HURLEY Who Has Taken Care of Labor Lodges for the Central Labor Union for Eighteen Years. 'i he year lbUG found a member of the Typographical Union, for the second time in its history, at the head of the organization. Samuel F. Strangford was chosen — Maurice P. Cavanaugh, a fellow-printer, being his predecessor by several years. At the January meeting a committee was appointed to use its good offices in settling a strike that had taken place at the plant of the ( tverman Wheel Company in Chicopee Falls. Here about sixty polishers had gone out and the Central Labor committee, who visited the officials at the factory the day after the strike was initiated, held a four hours' conference with the authori- ties. This proved futile, however, and active hostilities were initiated against the wheel companv in a country-wide campaign. As the bicycle industry was then at it> height, the striker had little or no difficulty in securing employment elsewhere, while the struggle eventually resulted disastrously for the company. Under Mr. Strangford's regime steps were taken to reorganize the Barbers' Central Labor Union History 19 Union ; a resolution was introduced looking toward the establishment of a co- operative store and a committee was appointed to consider the feasibility of the movement. The store was afterward started, flourished for a time, and then, like Jonah's gourd, withered away. A committee was also appointed to draw up and have in charge an amendment to the city ordinances, having for its object the abolition of contract labor on city work. Two years prior to this a petition, originating in the Central Labor Union and indorsed by many of the most prominent individuals and firms doing business in Springfield, was presented to the City Council, having this end in view. The ordinance passed the lower board and was given two read- ings by the Board of Alder- men. The mayor had prom- ised to sign the measure if it were presented to him. but the summer vacation intervened, and this marked the end of the ordinance, which was laid on the table and never revived. As the city government had emphasized the point that when money was once voted to a commission the council had no control over its expenditures, it was proposed to attach to each appropriation a rider to the effect that none but citi- zens of Springfield be em- ploved on the projected work. The scheme met with consid- erable favor among the dele- gates to the Central Labor Union, but failed to get through the obstructions in the council. Luring the early months of lsixi the establishment of a labor temple was strenuously discussed, also the founding of a library or reading room to contain literature devoted to the interests of unionism. At this time the controversy which marked the erection of the Highland Hotel took place between the Mason Tenders' Union and the firm of Morrissey & Shea. The mason tenders refused to work for Morrissey & Shea, who were the lowest bidders and to whom the contract had been informally awarded, as the contract contained a clause that only union men should be employed, and as the firm was unable to comply with this requirement, the contract was awarded to other parties. An interesting sequel was the suit brought by Morrissey & Shea against the Highland Mottling Company for the amount of their estimated profits on the building, which, however, was decided against them. At the April meeting of the Central Labor Union the action of the Mason Tenders' Union was indorsed. SAMUEL F. STRANGFORD Ex-President of Central Labor Union. 20 Central Laisor Uxiox History At the semi-annual meeting of 180(5. the building trades committee was instructed to look after the employment of citizens on the projected Central High School when work on it should begin, and an emphatic protest was entered against paying city employes by check. The evils of the custom were thoroughly brought out in a similar protest against the United States gov- ernment not main- vears ago. An especially noteworthy event in the annals of l.sJMJ was observance of Labor Day. which was celebrated by a parade, sports and dancing at Hampden RICHARD A. HENNESSEY An ex-President and One of the Best- Known Labor Men in the State. Park. Xearlv 2,000 union men were in line, and alx ut S350 was added to the union's treasury. Further activity in the line of organization was evinced in the reorganiza- tion of the Horseshoers' Union toward the end of the year. The list of presidents of the Central Labor Union contains none better known than Richard A. Hennessey, present recording secretary of Bricklayers, Masons and Plasterers' Union. Xo. 1, who held the office in the vear 1002. Horn Central Labor Union History 21 in Charlestown. Massachusetts, July 2>. 1n>2, he first learned the trade of a boiler maker. For twenty-seven years he has been a bricklayer, and has been a delegate to the Central body as long as his union has been affiliated. His work in the cause has been noteworthy and he has served as president, treasurer, on the board of trustees, and on committees that are countless. His influence in the deliberations of the body has been so great that he has the record of having introduced more important constitutional matters for consideration than anv other delegate. Mr. Hennessey firmly believes in avoiding trouble when- ever possible, though he never goes out ot his way to avoid it it it threatens. His theorv is that vou can get into difficulties in five minutes by not exercising the proper precautions that will take three months to get out ot. Cool and collected in debate, he has been able many times to convince the body that his arguments were correct, and been able to carry his point by his thorough knowledge of his subject and way of handling it. lie is listened to with respect whenever he has the floor. His best work has. perhaps, been done with the legislative committee, ol which he is a member in this year ot grace. Mr. Hennessey has consistently refused renomination to the highest office in the Central Labor Union, his plea being that, out of some 200 or 300 men. it was possible that some more able man could be found and that he. whoever he may be. should be given an opportunity to serve. Luring Mr. Hennessey's presidency the tobacco strippers reported a new scale of prices, carrying with it an eight-hour day. and the president served on a committee with Secretary George Vincens and Miss Mary Garvey of the Tobacco Strippers' Union, look- ing toward the enforcement of this scale. Their efforts were successful, for in just about a month the committee reported that the tobacco workers had commenced the 48-hour week, without any reduction in pay. |. Vincent Burke, treasurer of the Central Labor Union, is a member of the Mulder's Lnion, and has been an active and efficient worker in various capacities in both bodies. The records of the body prior to the acceptance of a charter from the American Federation of Labor are so incomplete that it has been found impossible to obtain a connected story from them. Kven since 180(3 the records are far from complete, and it has been only by painstaking research in library records and other places that it has been possible to compile the following list of officers from ISiMi to date. Perpend: 1 S0»*» President, Samuel I-'. Strangford; financial secretary, William 11. Grady; record- ing secretary, Charles Spencer. iv.'T President, J. F. Mahoney; secretary, M. .1. Ludden; treasurer, \\". 11. Grady. 18!"8 ['resident, .1. I-'. Mahoney; secretary, M. .1. Ludden; treasurer, .L>lm H. Logan. 18H!i ! 'resident, W. I >. B. Mitchell; secretary, Otto Mache; treasurer, John B. Logan. I'.iOO President, Simon J. Griffin; secretary, otto Mac-he; treasurer, John B. Logan. 1H01 President, George II. Wrenn: secretary, otto Mache; treasurer, Simon .1. Griffin. 1002 President, Kichard A. Hennessey; secretary, George P. Vincens; financial secre- tary, Ghai lis B. Poller; treasurer, Simon J. Griffin. lHO.'S President. George li. Wrenn: recording secretary, George K. Vincens: financial secretary. Charles B. Porter: treasurer, liichard A. Hennessey. pifll President, M. J. Kelleher: recording secretary, George P.. Vincens: financial secretary, Charles B. Porter: treasurer, Itichard A. Hennessey. 190."> President, George Payne: recording secretary, James Smyth: financial secretary, A. A. Matthews: treasurer, P. II. Kappold. l!»0fi President, George Payne: recording secretary, James Smyth: financial secretary, A. A. Matthews: treasurer, I '. II. Kappold. 1907 President, William II. Grady: recording secretary, James Smyth: financial secre- tary, A. A. Matthews; treasurer, I '. II. Kappold. 1008 President. William Klynn: recording secretary. J. F. Mahoney: financial secre- tary, Charles R. Porter: treasurer, P. H. Kappold. Central Labor Union History 1900 — President, William Haley; recording secretary, William J. Murphy; financial secretary, Charles B. Porter; treasurer, I '. H. Bappold. 1010 -President, William Haley; recording secretary, William J. Murphy; financial secretary, Charles B. Porter; treasurer, P. H. Rappold. 1 Oil— President, Paul Mavis; recording secretary, D. E. McCarthy; financial secretary, Charles B. Porter: treasurer, Vincent Burke. 1012 President, Paul Davis; recording secretary, 1 >. E. McCarthy; financial secretary, Charles B. Porter; treasurer, Vincent Burke. The list of vice-presidents is not a matter of complete record. The last three years have heen full of promise and progress has been notice- able. Among the many items culled from the minute hook the following stand out prominently: In 1909 a smoke-talk cleared $80 for the treasury; the steam fitters secured a weekly half-holiday with no reduction in wages ; ( iov- ernor Drapers' veto of the eight-hour bill was followed by a strenuous labor campaign throughout the state that materially assisted in his defeat; great activity among the metal polishers, who doubled their membership; the activity of the labor element brought about the defeat of Representative Madsen of Holyoke. Early in 1910 the Ludlow strike was settled. Rev. George Venn Daniels, following his fine defense of labor, was to attend any meeting, given the freedom of the Central Labor Union and invited to any meetings which he could make it convenient to attend. The Central Labor Union was invited by the municipality to co-operate with the committee appointed to revise the city charter in 1910, but though efforts were made by the body to get in touch, the labor men were completely ignored. This discourtesy was the cause of considerable feeling, which showed itself in acrimonious talk on the floor. The charter experts of the city were afterward invited to express their views on the subject at the educational hour of the body, an innovation that was introduced early in 1911. Many brilliant speakers have attended this educational hour, and the scheme has been of immense benefit to the delegates. Among other speakers can be named Henry Lasker, ex-Senator Malley, and Rev. A. YV. Atkinson of Chicago, himself a delegate to the Atlanta Central Labor Union. A bill was fathered by the Cigar Makers' Union to enforce the instalation of fire escapes on buildings. The Lawrence strike aroused the body to action and nearly $600 was secured and forwarded for the benefit of the strikers, not to mention wearing apparel. The following theaters assisted by giving benefit performances at the request of the Central Labor Union: Ardel, and Edisonia; Bijou gave a sum of $20 to the fund, and the management of Poli's Theater gave the free use of that house for a mass meeting. Some Prominent Labor Leaders George A. Payne is a native of Boston. He learned his trade in Spring- field and joined Painters and Decorators' Union, Xo. 257, in 1893. lie has served twice as president of the Central Labor Union, 1905 and 1900, three times as president and eight times as treasurer of his local, and his work in each and every position he has filled has been eminently satisfactory. He still looks after the finances of the painters. Mr. Payne is a veteran of the Civil War, having served three years in the First Massachusetts Infantry and one year in the Fourth Massachusetts Heavy Artillery. He was wounded at the second battle of Bull Run. The influence of his military training and discipline have been evident in his work for the unions, and he has proved a tower of strength both in his own organization and in the de- liberations of the Central Labor Union, for, besides being an excep- tionally able executive officer, he is noted for his ability as a committee- man, his work in that capacity having been of particular value at critical times in the history of the Central bodv. Slow of speech, he is never- theless very effective in debate and possesses the rare jewel of silence at the right time. He is listened to with interest whenever he has the floor and his phrases are well chosen and to the point. He has always taken an active interest in the welfare of all the local bodies represented in the Central Labor Union and in all move- ments that tend to benefit labor and the community in general. Mr. l'avne stepped into the breach when the affairs of the co-operative laundry were at a low ebb, and his effective administration was successful in saving quite a lot from the wreck. GEORGE A. PAYNE President of the Central Labor Union and Secretary of the Painters PAUL DAVIS Anniversary President of Labor Union the Central Central Labor Uxiox History Xot the least important of the men who have held office in the Central Lahor Union is Paul Davis, the present head of the body, who succeeded William F. Ilealcy in 1910. Paul is the popular secretary of the Bill Poster-, and during his two years' occupation of the presidential chair many important matters have had to be decided. Several strikes have been before the body for approval or otherwise, and many questions requiring the finest tact and diplomacy have been handled tinder his leadership, but all questions have found him ever ready and willing to put forth his best efforts looking to a speedy and peaceful settlement. Well conversant with the niceties of parliamentary law. Mr. Davis is never at a loss when questions requiring such settlement in debate come before him. and he is as adamant when once he has made a decision, being rarely reversed on appeals to the body, lie was elected without opposition at the close of his first term and as ex-officio member of the anni- versary committee has been indefatigable in his effort.- to keep things running smoothly. A member of several bodies. Air. Davis holds cards in both the Stage I lands' and Pill Posters' Unions, and his work for the Central body has been uniformly satisfactory and productive of results. JAMES S. SHERBURNE Who, with Bishop N. Saltus, Started the Central Labor Union Central Labor Union History 27 James S. Sherburne, who was so closely associated with Bishop N. Saltus in the formation of the Central Labor Union, and made the motion to organize that body, is a native of Springfield. He learned the art preservative of all arts in Cedar Falls. Iowa, and while working as a compositor in Blooming- ton, Illinois, joined the Peoria Typographical Union in 1SS2. He has been employed in the course of his long connection with the printing trade as compositor, proofreader, correspondent and editor, his ramifications extending through Illinois. Iowa and this state. In 1886 Air. Sherburne deposited a Springfield (111.) card with Typo- graphical Union, Xo. 210. and immediately became active in the work of that body, of which he has served four times as president, in 1S8S, 1896, 1898 and 1899. He has also served terms as presiding officer of other organizations. On committee work for the printers' organization he has been peculiarly active and as a member of the executive board has given his best ideas to its service. As one of the committee that handled the Xew England Typographical con- vention which met in Springfield in 1911, he was particularly active, and after a hard day's work at his office was always ready to put in another hard night in contributing to the success of that affair. Air. Sherburne's knowledge of the trade union movement in this vicinity has been of valuable assistance to the editor of this work, and to his efforts no small share of the success of this volume is due. He has been a delegate to the Central Labor Union at various intervals for the past twenty-five years. He was given the chairmanship of the anni- versarv committee. Central Labor Uxiox History George il. Wrenn, one of the ablest men identified with the labor move- ment in the country, learned the cigar maker's trade in this city and before the expiration of his apprenticeship became an active worker in the cause of unionism. He joined the Knights of Labor in 1S85 a nd the Cigar Makers' Cnion a year later. lie has served as president of the Central Labor Cnion >ix tiir.es, has presided over the deliberations of the Cigar Makers' Cnion of New England and led the local union of cigar makers. '1 he local branch of the Foresters of Amer- ica, too. have enjoyed his leadership, and he at one time served as president of the Atlanta Boat Club. fie has taken an. active part in the formation of most of the local unions in this city during the last twenty vears. and his services have been in great demand in the settlement of disputes between the men and their employers. Far above the average in ability, he has been ever active in the councils of the Central body and is looked up to as a leader. George Wrenn has spent practi- cally all of his life in Springfield and has been one of the prominent Social- ists of the state. He ran for gov- ernor on the Socialist ticket in 1001. lie has been a delegate to many national and state conventions of his trade and a delegate to the Central Labor Cnion nearly twenty years, lie possesses the confidence of the labor people to such an extent that he was given full authority to act for the strikers in settling the dispute with the Ludlow Manufacturing Associate-, and did much to bring that struggle to a satisfactory conclusion. His ability to successfully fill the various positions to which he has aspired, or to which his friends have aspired for him — for Mr. Wrenn was ever a modest man — has never been questioned even by his opponent-, lie is still working in the cause of unionism with all his old-time vigor. GEORGE H. WRENN Six Times President of the Central Labor Union; a Leader in Labor Progress. Central Labor L'xiox History 2!) Xi) harder worker in labor's cause lives in the city, or in the state, for that matter, than William E. Flynn. Born in Huddersfield, England, in 1*71. Mr. Flvnn came to this country thirteen years later and was apprenticed to the stone cutter's trade in lSSfi. lie was early imbued with the spirit of unionism, and immediately on com- ing out of his time he joined the union of which he is now president. The travel spirit got him early, for two months after getting his card he got awav to Princeton, X. J., where he assisted in the work on the famous college. His travels extended through Xew York City. West Virginia, Indi- ana. Vermont. Toronto and Windsor in Canada, and the World's Fair in Chicago. This spirit of travel cannot lie called "wanderlust" in the case of a stone cutter, tor it is one oi the essentials the journeyman must en- dure that he follow his contractors around the country. Locally, Mr. Nvnn worked on the new Massachusetts building, the High School, and at one period of his ca- reer he served the Boston & Maine railroad as a machinist. Politically, he served on the Democratic citv committee for three years, but has WILLIAM FLYNN been particularly active in the cause President of the Stone Cutters' Union oi labor. I le has held all the offices in the gift oi his local, of which he is president, was president of the Central Labor Cnion in l'.MI.s, is president of the building trades council of the Amer- ican Federation of Labor, and worked like a Trojan for the anniversary which this volume and the banquet of May > commemorates. Central Labor Union History Xot the least important of the- presidents that have led the Central Labor Union is William F. Healey, who preceded the present holder of that office, Paul Davis, in the chair. Mr. Healey is a member of the Trolleymen's Union. ami although he has never held office in that organization, his foresight and wisdom have been of inestimable value to that bod v. He was chieflv known WILLIAM F. HALEY Ex-President of the Central Labor Union as an orator, and bis sonorous voice was listened to with delight both in the deliberations of bis own local and by the delegates to the Central body. Mr. Healey's occupation of the chair was cut short by illness, which necessitated a trip to Denver, and a popular subscription gathered for him by the trolley- men realized river a thousand dollars, testifying to the popularity of bis fellows. The Labor Lyceum The vicissitudes of the Central body and its peregrinations around the city at various stages of its career, which culminated in the settlement at the hall at the corner of Market and Sanford streets was once more brought to the forefront by the intimation that the lease would run out shortly and that it would be necessary to obtain fresh quarters. The matter was threshed out in several meetings and finally, on the first Sunday of February, 1011. a com- mittee of twenty-five delegates was appointed for the purpose of devising ways and means of securing a new building to be owned in its entirety by the labor men of Springfield, thus to obviate the further pushing about from pillar to post of the Central body and always have at the disposal of labor a temple F. DOW Chairman of Lyceum Committee that should at once be a credit to organized labor and a handsome building that should be a credit to the citv of Springfield. The committee selected at the meeting named consisted oi the following delegates: William II. Cradv and brank I'. Dow of the Painters; Homer II. beClair and William J. Murphy of the Cigar Maker- ; J. J. Walsh and R. A. Hennessey of the bricklayers: Thomas McCarroll of Carpenters. Xo. 177: W. |. LaFrancis and I'eter llushey of Carpenters' X". !••> ; Charles lb Porter and Charles S. U'Regan of Typographical L'nion, Xo. l'1<'>: Jefferson Dooley of the Rakers: Paul Davis of the Rillpostcrs and chairman of the Central Labor Cnioii : Mi-- Mary Carvey of the Tobacco Strippers: I. Vincent lUirke of the Moulders: |. |. Dwver of the P.artendcrs; D. P.. McCarthv of the Central Labor Uxion History ['lumbers; John Hurley of the Coal Handlers; J. Y. McCormick of the Sheet .Metal Workers: M. J. Markley of the Metal Polishers; II. ('. Xeibuhr of the Barbers; William T. Ward of the Brewery Workers; William T. Flvnn of the Stone Cutters; I'. J. O'Brien of the Street Railway Employes, and Y. I!. Carroll of the Musicians. After many meetings and much deliberation the committee reported to the Central Labor Union that it thought it best to secure a charter from the State of Massachusetts and form a Labor Lyceum Association, and their report was agreed to by the Central body. At the April, 1911, meeting the committee was instructed to apply for such charter, and on April l.'J the charter com- mittee met at l!l Sam ford street and the corporation papers were signed, the following delegates being present and affixing their signatures to the necessarv papers: William H. Grady, William J. Murphy, John Hurley, J. Vincent Burke, Frank B. Dow. Paul Davis, Thomas McCarroll, Joseph V. McCormick, Walter J. La Francis, John J. Dwyer, Henry C. Xeibuhr, Daniel E. McCarthy, Charles S. O'Regan, William T. Ward, Michael J. Markley, Homer 11. LeClair and Peter Bushey. Frank B. Dow was elected temporary clerk and duly sworn, and William II. Grady was chosen chairman temporarily. After the association was organ- ized and the by-laws adopted, Mr. Grady was elected president, Frank B. Dow secretary, and J. Vincent Burke treasurer, and the aforementioned seventeen members a board of directors, they being the charter members. The charter was issued under date of May Pi. 1911, by the State of Massa- chusetts, and at a meeting of the association held a fortnight later the following members were added, all being delegates to the Central body: John I. Walsh, William Flynn, P. J. O'Brien, T. B. Carroll. R. A. Hennessey, Miss Mary Garvey, C. B. Porter and Jefferson Dooley. Although great enthusiasm was exhibited at the various meetings of the Centra] body, support in a financial manner was lacking, and appeals were made bv the secretarv for money. Several unions contributed in a novel manner, giving to the fund one cent for each unit of the number of their local: thus. Typographical Union, Xo. 210, contributed the sum of $21. Mt, and the committee have several schemes to come up later in this fourth anni- versary year, a fair being planned on a large scale tor the tall of the year. It is the aim of the association to build a temple that will house all the locals, provide reading rooms, social rooms, and possibly rooms that can he- utilized for such amusements as bowling and pool. Several >ites have been looked over and many good opportunities have been allowed to go begging ii]) to the present for lack of the funds to properly take up options. BRIEF SKETCHES . . . OF . . . LOCAL UNIONS _ The Strength of the Trolleymen One of the finest lessons of organization is to be read in the history of Springfield division. Xo. 448, of the Amalgamated Association of Street and Electric Railway Employes of America, or the "Trolleymen's Union, - ' as it is more popularly known. From darkness and doubt in the early days the local has emerged into light and strength, and it is to its officers chiefly that the splendid progress of the body is due, backed up by splendid loyaltv by the rank and file. Organized in January, 1907. the trolleymen have made their presence as a body felt in many ways and from a paltry dozen members they have now, in a little more than five years, multiplied their ranks to over GOO members. The story of the local can best be told in the words of Arthur E. Wilson, the efficient recording secretary of the body, than whom none is better versed in the struggle for existence and recognition of the local street car men. Mr. Wilson writes : "As in the contemplation of all good movements for the benefit of mankind which have been brought about by persistent and untiring effort on the part of some one. or a few individuals, so in reviewing the work and accomplish- ments of Division 44S of the Amalgamated Association of Street Railway Employes of America, one's mind, acquainted with the early history of the international organization of street car men, cannot help but think of the unfailing interest, unflagging activity and persistent fighting in the face of great odds that has characterized the work of the leaders in the movement for the benefit of street car men. in the building up of the association and making possible the organization of trolleymen in the city of Springfield. Men are often, in the enjoyment of privileges and working conditions won for them, unmindful of the hardships, privations, care, even the breaking down of health, of some man in the van of such a movement, to the end that others shall enjoy the fruits of their labor in privileges and concessions that otherwise would be denied to them. "The career of International President Mahon is an example. With the principles of unionism deeply imbued in his heart. Mr. Mahon has sacrificed himself to a life work which in other fields of endeavor would doubtless have brought him fame and fortune. But he set his heart on the cause of the trolley- men, and in leading the fight in the early days defeat stared him in the face many a time and oft. Never despairing of the ultimate triumph and justice of his cause, he fought on. though harrassed and maligned to a degree that would have broken any but an exceptionally strong spirit. One night he would be leading meetings in a city where the fight was hottest; the next would see him jumping a freight if finances did not permit of a berth in a Pullman car, and the perils that he escaped and the hardships he had to undergo in his strenuous life had their effect in broken health. All honor to such a man, and happy the body that has such a leader to fight its battles. "By personal association with the international officers, most of whom have fought in the cause for many years. I can say they have been tried and found true, and it would be hard to find a more courageous, true-hearted and intelli- gent set of men in any walk of life. Regin Orr, international treasurer, an old Central Labor Union History 35 war horse of the association, mild of manner and a character of gold, is often referred to as the father of Division 448. On Decemher 28, 1900, I received a personal visit from Mr. Orr. He explained that he understood there was a sentiment for organization among the men operating the cars locally. He said he had interviewed others and had been directed to me to ascertain my senti- ments. It was evidently a still hunt, hut it developed that there was a real sentiment for organization, and accordingly notices for a meeting, to be held on January 10. 1907, were sent out in a quiet manner. The minutes of that meeting are here reproduced : In Central Labor Union hall, meeting' of motormen and conductors called to order by International Treasurer Regin Orr, for the purpose of organizing a division of the Amalgamated Association of Street and Electric Railway Employes of America. The meeting was addressed by W. E. Terry of Washington, D. C, organizer of the American Federation of Labor. Those present enrolled their names, after Brother Terry was made temporary secretary. A motion was adopted that a committee of five be appointed to have the custody of money until such time as a permanent officer should be appointed. Brothers Wheaton, Killam, O'Grady, Hennessey and Devine were appointed. The meeting- then adjourned, with the understanding that the night men should at midnight hold a similar meeting. W. E. Terry, Secretary Pro Tern. "Of those enrolled as members that night, there appear in the minutes no record, but as I recall it, there were twelve or fourteen names taken, and of that number only two failed to keep their obligation, probably to their regret. These two never came back and became part of the one per cent of the unorganized men working on the Springfield street railway system. They have since left the service. It must be said to the credit of those who honored their obligation by faithfully observing it in the early days, that they exhibited no small degree of courage, when it is stated that the organization was attended by the bitterest opposition. "As before intimated, the records do not show the names of the pioneers of the local, but the following names appear on the charter issued to the faithful few by the international: Luther M. Mickcrson, Ransom C. Cornish. Forrest F. Correy, Patrick J. O'Brien, Allan G. Mann, Connor C. O'Grady, Richard Thomas. Patrick J. Kelley, William F. Dalton, Martin J. Hennessey. "It took courage of a high order to assume the leadership, for it was soon patent to all that the officials of the new organization would be the first to feel discrimination in case of opposition, but at the second meeting more members were enrolled, and the first board of officers was elected as follows: President — John J. Gleason. Vice-President — Richard Lovett. Financial Secretary — M. J. Hennessey. Recording Secretary — Connor C. O'Grady. Treasurer — John F. Conlin. Conductor — R. G. Cornish. Warden — C. A. Bradway. Sentinel — Sidney 1 lousinger. Fxecutive Hoard — The first four mentioned, ami John Price John J. Devine. |olm Hamberg and Fred Trvon. 30 Central Labor Union History "To these officers was entrusted the destinies of the newly formed local, and the path was not strewn with roses. From the first sacrifices were made to the cause and the finest tact and diplomacy were necessary for the first twelvemonth. John Gleason resigned from the presidency in the spring of the year to accept a more lucrative position outside, and the chair was then filled by \Y. G. Wiseman, he holding the place of honor but three months, and being succeeded by P. J. O'Brien, who has ably filled the presidential chair ever since. "A few months after the establishment of the division a voluntary increase of wages was tendered to the trolleymen, the while the executive board was at work on a new scale to be presented to the powers that be. The voluntary increase was insufficient to satisfy demands, and the new schedule was ^^rffl jj&i, . presented, a -mall compromise ef- fected and a second substantial in- crease granted by the company over the original advance. "During the first six months of its existence the employers showed no open hostility to the newly formed union, even expressing pleasure that the men had organized; at the same time, however, an undercurrent of sentiment was exhibited by the dis- charge of many men — all of them unionists — on one pretext or another, and things began to assume a very ugly appearance. The executive began sparring for an opening and the board was soon on the manager's calling list. Air. Page then held the reins of management, and he soon had the opportunity to become acquainted with some very determined men. who. when his de- cisions did not come up to the re- quirements of the justice of the particular case tinder discussion took the matter to a higher tribunal, even to Charles L. Mellen himself. In the earlier discussions of grievances some very warm sessions took place in the managerial offices, and Recording Secretary O'Grady was a shining light in leadership, his recognition as a man of ability being shown in dismissal from the service. He waived his chances of reinstatement for the purpose of expressing his views upon this and other deals to the men responsible for his dismissal, and in frank, vigorous language he made himself clear on the point. His loss was much regretted by his colleagues, and he is still remembered by many as the "grand old man" of the division, though he is by no means a patriarch. "The right of a hearing when accused of any violation of the rules was a privilege' obtained at early conferences. The manager declared that his office P. J. O'BRIEN President of the Trolleymen's Union. Central Labor Union History 37 was open to us at all times and he would be willing to discuss. This was a concession, indeed, for prior to this a man was dismissed first and then took his chances of an inquiry and subsequent reinstatement, which, needless to add. were so slim as to be negligible. He had no redress, and in case of protest was told to 'Get out.' "The right of a hearing and increased wages thus secured gave splendid prestige to the organization that was far-reaching in its effects. The man- agement had conceded the square deal and there was a feeling of fellowship among the rank and file. We began to think we were working for a common cause. The spirit thus manifested spread, and it has been a dominant feature of our dealings ever since. This is as it should be, for it is a well-known fact that where an unorganized body of men work without direct contact with the powers that be the officials are often regarded as despots, and perhaps unjustly. It was cer- tainly so in the case of the trolleymen of Springfield before organization furnished the op- portunity for employer and em- ploye to get together. '"Opportunity was early given the officials to declare their policy witb regard to the new body. Opposition was engen- dered in a rather peculiar man- ner. An attempt was made to .start a rival organization among the men: for what purpose can only be surmised. At all events. President O'Brien deemed the time ripe to approach the man- agement. Accordingly the lead- ing officials were invited to be present and speak at a smoke- talk, for winch arrangements had been made. They attended. Xon-members, too. were invited and a goodly company turned out to hear what the president of the road and General Manager Page had to say. [Tarmonv was the keynote, and those outside the fold were astonished to be advised to get into the ranks ot the legitimate organization. The sequel was startling. At the next meeting. September, 1!><>7, the president of the rival bodv. who was not, however, the organizer, attended and. with eighty-nine of his fellows., was taken into the fold audi duly initiated. From time to time since smoke- talks have been arranged and officials invited to express themselves on matters of vital importance to the well-being of both the men and the company. "Matters so far shaped themselves that, two months after this influx of CHARLES J. McMORROW Vice-President of the Trolleymen's Union. 38 Central Labor Union History new blood into the ranks, negotiations were opened looking to the adoption of a new wage scale. The negotiations were successful and the minimum was raised ten cents per day and the time necessary to reach the maximum was cut down from ten years to six ; the maximum being fixed at $2.50 per day. This was considered a great achievement, considering the dull times. Shortly after this the old board of officers were re-elected and the first five of the old board have served the division with distinction to the present day, having been unanimously chosen every December, with the exception of Vice- President Lovett, who. in December of 1910. declined to serve. He was suc- ceeded by Charles J. McMorrow. The retention of these men in office year after year speaks volumes for their efficiency and has made for harmony. The list of officers is as follows: President— P. J. O'Brien. Vice-President — Charles J. McMorrow. Recording Secretary — Arthur E. Wilson. Financial Secretary — Martin J. Hennessey. Treasurer — John E. Conlin. Conductor — David Crowley. Warden — D. R. Sullivan. Outside Sentinel — M. J. McDonald. "The genesis of any undertaking is. of course, the critical time, and vigi- lance must be exercised at all times to the end that sloth, carelessness and folly do not make their appearance and wreck the good work started. This applies to the rank and file as well as to the officers, and blessed be that body which, with its leaders, has maintained that spirit of loyalty to their fellows so essential to success and kept sharp the fighting edge, never shirking battle if it is neces- sary, ever aggressive and progressive. Such has been the spirit shown by the executive of Division 448, and this spirit has been loyallv backed by the men in the ranks. "A strong treasury was soon recognized to be a necessity, and with this object in view the trolleymen's ball was inaugurated in the first winter of the organization's existence. It was an instant success and the basis of a fine bank account was thus fixed. Each succeeding year has been better than its predecessor in this respect, and the annual event is not considered to have been a success unless it has financially exceeded its immediate predecessor. The annual ball is now considered a fixture in the towns of Palmer and West- field, where the trolleymen are represented. Picnics and trolley rides are run betimes, too, and the treasury benefits accordingly. "The protection of the interests of the men being understood, the body aimed to secure justice and a fair hearing, and this is now an accomplished fact. Working conditions have been so far improved that it is doubtful if any better could be found in the country on any system. Other objects aimed at have been hit. The body has done good work in the elimination of acci- dents on the streets, as far as was possible. Deputations of the division have waited on team owners, truckmen and the unions controling the teaming busi- ness with requests that drivers aid in cutting down accidents by the exercise of ordinary care, and it has been surprising how much the accident roll has diminished, saving the company many thousands of dollars and rendering working conditions less dangerous for the car crews. "Few events stand out conspicuously in the history of the local; there have Central Labor Union* History 39 been no internal troubles to speak of, the firm front always presented by the body having been a strong factor in obtaining all reasonable demands, and since the initial opposition friendly feelings have existed between the men and their employers. A written agreement had, up to 1910, been non-existent, but in September of that year one was successfully negotiated after arbitration had dragged its weary length from the preceding June. It was renewed the fol- lowing year and plans are now under consideration for its renewal for a third term, with some modifications. "The membership, at first restricted to motormen and conductors, now embraces the men in the trolley express department, repair men, sanders and oilers, and has grown from small proportions to over 000. All motormen and conductors in Palmer and Westfield are members of the division, and less than a dozen in Springfield are on the outside. "The local has always paid $7 a week sick benefit after the first week's illness, and a death benefit of $100 has been paid by the in- ternational. Legislation enacted by the international convention of the Amalgamated Association of Street and Electric Railway Employes of America, held at St. Joseph, Mo., last September, on January 1 of the present year increased the dues from 75 cents to 95 cents, the death benefit being at the same time raised from $100 to $800, according to length of membership, from one to eight years. The new law also provides that twenty-one years' membership en- titles a member, when he has reached the age of 05, to a lump sum of $800 as an old-age pension fund. Division 44S made the dues an even dollar after the convention, thus providing an extra five cents per capita for the sick fund. The sick and disabled members have al- ways liven cared for by the division, none being allowed to suffer for want of financial support. Aside from the sick benefits provided for, a relief fund has liven established by the provision of a box. into which each man, as he receives his weekly pay, drops small sums, according to his inclination, brum this box those in distress are cared for. "The division takes an active interest in matters of legislation on subjects not only concerning the trolleymen personally, but anything tending to the uplift of the worker generally. It stanchly supports the nine-hour-in-eleven bill for street car men and considers it a progressive piece of legislation and which it hopes to see pass without spoiling amendments. Politically* the body- is represented by brothers holding office in rainier: J. J. O'Connor of the MARTIN J. HENNESSEY Financial Secretary of the Trolleymen's Union. 40 Central Labor Union History Springfield system is a Chicopee alderman, who keeps a watchful eye on 'everything pertaining to his fellow-workers, and there is good legislative timber in the ranks. It has been the hope of his colleagues that William F. Haley, sometime president of the Central Labor Union, would take to politics and run for office. His oratorical powers and devotion to the cause of labor would doubtless have won him fame in the halls of legislature, but his health failed him, owing to his heavy duties in the negotiation of the agreement two years ago. the while he held the presidential chair of the Central Labor Union, and a trip to Denver failed to renew his one-time vigor. At the time of writing he is confined to his home in a serious condition of health. "President O'Brien has been urged by his colleagues to enter politics actively, and it is said that he has consented to run for representative from his ward. Mr. O'Brien possesses the qualities necessary for a man to repre- sent others ; he has shown this by his tenure of office as president of his local. Upright, fearless, with a mind of his own, he is capable and not afraid to express his views. Presi- dent O'Brien first took the gavel on August 13, 1907, and that day marked a new era in the life of the struggling local. For nearly five years he has fought the fight, not because he was looking for glory, but because he saw in it his duty. His ability is recognized interna- tionally, and headquarters calls him frequently to go far afield and settle disputes, his judgment seldom meet- ing with reverse. "Richard Lovett. who served the local for four years as vice-presi- dent, has always performed the duties of his office to the satisfaction of all. The duties of the vice-presi- dent of this body consist of looking after the sick as well as the ordinary work pertaining to his office of presiding in the absence of the president. He has ever been assidu- ous in his attention to the invalids and is still a valued member of the organization. His successor, Charles. J. McMorrow, is a worthy successor. Possessing the qualities of courage and stamina that made his predecessor so successful. Air. McMorrow adds to this a fine discrimination and thorough knowledge of the intricacies of parliamentary law and executive ability, and is thus well equipped to carry on the varied duties that fall to him. "John F. Conlin, the treasurer, who, while Mr. Hennessey acts as watch- dog, sits upon the lid, has served from the first and is one of the type of men that would make good in any position which his abilities would enable him to fill."' ARTHUR E. WILSON Recording Secretary of Division 448 and Delegate to the Central Labor Union. Central Labor Union History 41 Arthur E. Wilson, the present recording secretary, is a modest man and has little or nothing to say about himself, preferring to let his deeds speak for him. He is recognized by his fellows as an efficient officer. Delegate to the Central Labor Union, he was nominated for the office of financial secretary to that body at the last election and was barely beaten by the present holder of that office, Charles B. Porter of the Typographical Union. The campaign was too short to be effective, however, but Mr. Wilson will yet be heard from. though not necessarily as a candidate for office. Division 44s has been connected with the Central body from its organiza- tion in 1907, for at the second meeting steps were taken to affiliate, the following being named as delegates: Connor C. O'Grady, T. F. Connery, John O'Malley, John Devine and W. E. Trombley. Delegates representing the division in this year of grace are: P. J. O'Brien, C. J. McMorrow, William DAVID CROWLEY Conductor of Division No. 448. JOHN E. CONLIN Treasurer of Ttolleymen's Local. F. Haley, E. Lawlor and Arthur E. Wilson. The division is also represented in the Chicopee Trades Alliance and the Central Tabor Union of Westfield. Finally, as the the true measure of a man is his deeds, so can an organiza- tion be judged by its accomplishments and adherence to the truth of labor union principles. Division 44>s need not blush for lack of the latter, nor for it> accomplishments, lor it has secured tor its members freedom, justice. promoted their social, moral and mental welfare and elevated their occupation. Those who recall the old days can vouch for this. The local, however, is not content to rest on its laurels, neither will it allow the sweets of success to work to its undoing. With leadership alert and active, the body will keep a watchful eve on events and continue to work for the benefit of all and those vet to come. Painters- Winning the 44-Hour Week Very varied has been the story of the painters of this vicinity. The year ISSo seems to have been pregnant with the spirit of organization, for the local wielders of the brush got together in that year and formed an organization which was known as Local Assembly, Xo. 6252, of the Knights of Labor. Two years later the International Brotherhood of Painters, Paper Hangers and Decorators of America was organized as a national body, and the local assembly was incorporated into that body. They, too, met in the old Foot block in their early days. There was no definite scale of wages in existence at that time and ten hours constituted a day's work. Little progress was made until 1S03, when the present local, Xo. 257, came into being as the result of the efforts of a few union men, among them Charles Rawbone and Jeremiah Mahoney of the Cigar Makers' Lnion. The first meeting of the new local was called to order on April 12, 1803, at Schroeder's Hall. West State street, and sixty-six men enrolled themselves under the banner. The officers elected then were : President — James Clune. Vice-President — George Marsh. Recording and Corresponding Secretary — A. Prior. Finanical Secretary — James H. Sullivan. Treasurer — William Costello. Conductor — Jeremiah Sullivan. Warden — Timothy Xoonan. Trustees — John Sweeney, William H. Grady, Timothy Xoonan. After the election of officers, and before it was decided to apply for a charter, it was decided to sound the employers locally as to their views on a nine-hour day. with a minimum wage of $2.50 for that period of labor. The opinion thus obtained was not very favorable, but they persisted and were not to be denied. Thus was launched one of the militant trades unions. Hardly was the ink dry on the membership roll, and before the charter had been received, they made their demand — in the shape of a notification to the employers that thereafter nine hours woidd be considered a day's work, and thev agreed to walk off their jobs at 5 o'clock instead of G. They kept their word, and the first victory of Local Xo. 257 was won. Two months after organization had been effected they started on right lines bv cementing their organization and electing delegates to the Central Labor Lnion. and with few exceptions the local has always been represented in the deliberations of that body, five delegates being always present to answer their names at the roll-call. The paper bangers had held aloof from the new body, but in 1896 over- tures were made bv men representing that branch of the trade for admission; thev were received with open arms, and since that year X"o. 257 has been a mixed body. When a call for a national convention of the Brotherhood came in 1807 the local responded and elected James II. Sullivan to represent them. That delegate returned to his local proudly wearing the mantle of general president of the national organization. The period from 1807 to 1001 saw very few changes in the wage scale, but Central Labor Union History 43 the local was not idle and enthusiasm was manifest in many ways, and the result of the three years' work was far-reaching in its effects and the union- izing- of all the competent workmen of the craft was not the smallest of the tasks done. An aggressive array of dehaters was developed and the tactics of the organization made for a strongly militant body that was the foundation of the strong organization that exists today. By the end of 1900 the membership had reached the 200 mark and it was deemed a fitting time to endeavor to shorten the hours of labor still further, and the slogan of the times, "Eight hours shall constitute a day's work," was the dominant spirit. The demand was made upon the master painters for an eight-hour day, with no reduction in pay. These gentlemen declared that the proposition was out of the question and if it were persisted in there would be nothing left for them but to go out of business. The union stood to its guns, however, and, an unfavorable answer being returned to them, struck work on March 1, 1901. Several conferences took place between the men and their employers, and an arbitration committee from the Central Labor Union succeeded, on March G, in reaching a workable agreement, and the strike was declared off, the men returning to work with all their demands granted in full after a six days' strike. This was the first general stoppage of work in the trade locally, and it is to be noted that, notwithstanding the statement of the emplovers that thev would be forced out of business if they were compelled to comply with the demand made upon them, thev are still in business. The scale thus put through as the result of the strike gave the painters $2. Til) for an eight-hour day and the paper hangers $3 for the same workday. This agreement continued in force for two years, or until 190:3. Two months' notice was handed to the emplovers in March, 1903, that an increase in the scale would be reqttested, and on April 1 a flat scale of $3 a dav for both painters and paper hangers was demanded, an increase of 50 cents a day for the painters, thus equalizing the pay of both branches of the trade and allowing a man to work at either if he had the opportunity and so desired. This proposed adjustment was the result of many internal disagree- ments over the painters hanging paper for the paper hangers' scale, ami vice versa, and was deemed a good way to settle all disputes in the local. The master painters refused utterly to accept or even consider the new scale and requested the union to reconsider its action. The local was stubborn, too, and refused to abate their demand, reaffirming their position in the matter. On the morning of April 1, the men did not appear for work in the shops of the contractors belonging to the members of the masters' association. Instead, they assembled in Central Labor Union Hall to consider the report of the committee that had been handling the negotiations. This report was in the nature of a communication from the master painters officially refusing the proposed scale. The strike naturally resulted. Eight days after, a further proposition was received from the employers, but this was not entertained bv the men, and the third week of the strike was entered into. Three days later a letter was received from the mayor, Everett E. Stone, who had become interested in the struggle, containing an offer from the contractors that thev would agree to a sliding scale — $2. SO for the first year for the painters and $3 for the second vear. This offer was balloted upon in the presence of the city messenger, who had carried the proposition from the mayor. The vote 44 Central Labor Union History to stand out for the original demand was practically unanimous. Four days later a committee from the Central Labor Union received an offer conceding a further five cents a day. This, too, was balloted on, and again was the vote in favor of continuing the fight. The contractors were becoming uneasy, and a few days later came a communication from their representative con- ceding in full the demands of $3 a day, and this was accepted by a standing vote and the men ordered to return to work. Thus ended the strike for $3 a day, the second appeal to that method in the history of the painters. For five years harmony reigned and nothing worthy of note occurred to disturb the serenity of the local : then, in 100s. the movement for the 44-hour week having been talked over by some of the other bodies connected with the building trades, the painters deemed the time ripe for them to obtain this desideratum. The establishment of a shorter working period is always strenuously contested by the employer, especially if those selfsame employers constitute themselves guardians of the public weal. The request for forty-four hours for a working week was. therefore, considered nothing short of anarchy and the opposition was particularly strenuous. The painter was. however, not to be deterred from leading his brother craftsman in the building trades on to better conditions, and amid the good wishes of his fellows and with no material assistance from any of them, he made his demand. The request was met by a promise to grant the concession the following year. Promises for future are ever looked on with suspicion and no compromise on the 44-hour week was entertained, and the third strike for betterment was inaugurated on April 1. 1908. In addition to the shorter work day, the demand included a raise of pay to S3.2> per day. and a tougher proposition could hardly be imagined. It was veritably one of the industrial milestones of the labor movement in the city. The master painters, coached by the other kindred organizations, at once declared for the open shop — that now discredited acme of perfection. They followed the fashion of the times by displaying in conspicuous positions in their shops a placard with the legend ''Open Shop'' thereon. And the public was informed that the painters wanted pay for Saturday afternoons without working for it. The "open shop" was the panacea for all the industrial evils of the times, and the cure-all was eagerly sought by all the employers, thereby hoping that the painter would get tired of the fight and return to his situation to work alongside the non-unionist that had been imported to take his place. It does not seem to be clear to the employer that he cannot run an open shop where a good union is concerned: a non-union shop he may run. but the union laborer himself is the man to say whether the open shop shall exi~i . after a struggle that lasted over three years and three-quarters, a struggle that will be remembered by all who had part on both sides. During the year 1011, and while the strike was still on, Xo. i_T>7 added to its roll of membership 14o names on the roll of membership. The organization pavs $5 a week to the sick and from $10(1 to $."»(»() as a death or disability benefit. Or the death of a member's wife, the union also pays the bereaved husband $?7>, and it offers the men who follow the trade one of the best insurance investments that it is possible to obtain. ['lit these features are onlv incidental to the advantages enjoyed by the man that carries a card of membership in Xo. 257. The struggle already mentioned gave them the 44-hour week, and from an average wage of $2 a 46 Central Labor Union History day in 1893 the scale has been increased to $3.28 a day. The Painters' Union lias thus conclusively proved its right to existensce by not only enabling the men within its ranks to obtain better working conditions, but also by bestowing the same conditions on the non-union man, who. always with his organized brother, is never loath to accept something he has never suffered to obtain. Not content with bettering conditions locally, No. 257 organized in 1898 the Connecticut Valley Conference, which consists of several labor unions in the Connecticut valley, who meet monthly in various cities in the interest of their craft. The local also played an important part in the recent organiza- tion of the Massachusetts State Conference, that will eventually include every member in the brotherhood in the State. The present officers are : President — F. E. Lonergan. Vice-President — F. A. Woodward. Recording Secretary — J. Paul Rigelow. Financial Secretary — P. H. Triggs. Business Agent — P. H. Triggs. Treasurer — G. A. Payne. 'Warden — Thomas Maguire. Conductor — Charles Thornton. Trustees — M. F. Skehan, H. K. Wood, Stephen Smith. Bricklayers-Pioneers of 8-Hour Day History relates that it took seven years and 80,000 men to build the temple of Solomon, and this is, perhaps, the first contract of any magnitude of which any record exists. Certain it is that few contractors have even the oppor- tunity of employing an army of men: modern conditions and machinery render it unnecessary in the first place, and in the second, it would be impossible to assemble them. In olden time the mason was a welcome addition to any city, and even in troublous times, when it was incumbent on all travelers to show a passport when entering a city, the mason was exempt. They left behind them monuments to their skill which are preserved to this day. Bricklayers and Plasterers' Union, No. 1, came into existence shortly after the international convention held at Baltimore, Maryland, in January, lSGfi, the charter being issued on January 24 of that year. The first president of the local is said to have been one Louis Xevers. Three dollars and a quarter at that time constituted a day's pay for ten hours' work, and during the four years' life of this body the wages were raised to $4.25 for the same length of working day. In the summer of 1879 the union disbanded, and reorganization did not take place for fifteen years, the new body organizing on April 30, 1885. The only heritage left by the old body was the seal and the title of Xo. 1. Massachusetts. It is said that one of the old bricklayers, who was a member of the old union, was known to have the seal in his possession, but refused to deliver it to the new body upon its reorganization. One evening this old bricklayer left his home and was seen upon the street by some of the members of the new union, who, paying a visit to his home, were able to secure the seal from his daughter. The old gentleman made considerable controversy over the matter, but to no avail. During this fifteen years wages deteriorated, and at the international con- vention held a year later the question of a shorter working day was placed before the delegates. Locally, only $3.50 was being received for ten hours' work. The international convention held in January. 1SS0, voted that, begin- ning May 1 of that year, all unions in the United States and Canada must establish the nine-hour day. The nine-hour day accordingly went into effect without any reduction in wages. Advances came regularly, for one year later 25 cents bad been added to the daily remuneration, and on May 1, 18SS. a further raise of 25 cents was secured, after considerable controversy with the contractors. The bricklayers and masons were probably the first body of men in this city to attempt to obtain the eight-hour day, for it is on record that just twenty years ago the contractors were notified bv the local that they had voted that eight hours should constitute a day's work, with no reduction in wages. The matter had been discussed at three meetings and the demand was that it should go into effect on the 1st of April. 1803. One month prior to this date, however, tlu contractors sent a communication to the union, refusing the demand with emphasis, and intimating that the decision was final. At the appointed time the strike was duly declared. Had tins difficulty been handled through committees, as is the invariable rule today, it is considered very probable that the eight hour dav would have been an accomplished fact without anv strike. On the third dav of the strike efforts were made to get the dis- 4S Central Labor Union History putants together. Mayor Kendrick visited the officials of the local and informed them that the state hoard of arbitration was in the city, and asked for a committee to meet them. Several days were spent in fruitless controversy, and the state board returned home without having accomplished anything. An attempt was then made by the contractors to induce the union to go back to the old workday, but the union refused. The strike dragged on for another two months, when the men voted to declare the strike off. Thus ended the first attempt of any union in Springfield to establish the eight-hour day. Early in 1S98 an agitation was begun looking toward the regulation of sub-letting contracts. The carpenters at that time would let the work on a house to four different sub-contractors, the cellar to one, the chimneys to another, the plastering to a third, and the cementing to a fourth. The con- tractors were powerless in the matter and appealed to the local for a remedy. The union took the matter up and agreed that no member should work for any contractor unless he took the entire mason work on each job. This plan was effective and the evil was abolished to the satisfaction of all except a few of the contractors. The outbreak of the Spanish-American war drew many members of the craft to the front, and the union patriotically recognized their national obliga- tion by exempting all members serving with the army or navy from dues and, in case of loss of life, agreed to pay the death benefits. Another attempt to establish the eight-hour day was made toward the end of 1S9S, and, singularly enough, it emanated from those who fought the battle against it six years previous. A communication was received by the local from the master masons, offering 45 cents an hour for an eight-hour day. pro- viding that the local would agree to work for none but members of their exchange. The request was promptly refused. Progress and the eight-hour day are synonymous terms, though, and it was but a question of time when they would be in agreement. On January 25, 1900, a conference committee, consisting of John B. Logan. D. M. Walsh and Richard A. Hennessey, was appointed to submit a proposition of 45 cents an hour for eight hours to the contractors. The negotiations were successful, and the new scale went into effect on March 1. Two years later a further increase was successfully negoti- ated and the wages were raised five cents an hour. Finally, in July, 1910, the pinnacle of success was reached by the local, when a 44-hour week went into effect at GO cents an hour. The local has always been active in international affairs and has been represented at twenty international conventions by thirty-seven delegates. This has meant an outlay of nearlv $5,000 to the union, but has been con- sidered money well spent, as it has enabled it to keep in close touch with international law. Since reorganization twenty-seven years ago. the local has lo-t bv death fifty- five of its members, and has paid over to their heirs about S>.000. In the same length of time the body has held 1.375 meetings, and the records show that it has vet to meet without having a quorum. It has been affiliated with the Central Labor Union since 1S93, and has ever been repre- sented by men of sound views and fine ability in debate. In these davs of citizens' alliances. tvpotheta?s and such organizations who denv the right of workmen to collectively bargain for wages, the strength and consistency of this body stands out as a model of what can be accomplished bv determined men. Summarized, it has reduced the working week bv sixteen Central Labor Union History 49 hours and almost doubled the daily wage, and the heritage of the seal and title of old Xo. 1 has been worthily used. The body stands second to none on the continent and it is a local of which any international body should be proud. Appended is a list of the twenty-two presidents who have served the local in the years since the grant of the new charter: Thomas Morrissey Charles Peterson William Flynn Henry L. Thomas Daniel C. Shea Daniel Haggerty Michael Maloney Patrick Dineen Frederick Blodgett D. M. Walsh Thomas Kelly T. J. Sullivan John V. Parker D. J. Haggerty "< ieorge H. Blodgett John J. Walsh T. A! Shea W. C. Williston Richard A. Hennessey John J. Haggerty Otis Woodman Daniel H. Dowd Printing and Progress RIXTIXG and progress have not always been analagous, and the local union has had its many vicissitudes, but hope has ever pre- vailed, and through the storms and stress of strike and lockout the members of Typographical Union Xo. 210 are to be congratu- lated on attaining what is, perhaps, the happiest period of their history. From small beginnings — -■!•■! printers responded to the first call for a meeting for the purpose of organization — the local has attained the high tide of prosperity, numerically speaking, of its history. True, it has had happier financial times, the treasury at one period of its history exceeding the thousand-dollar mark, but the move- ment for an eight-hour work-day throughout the trade, calling for an almost universal strike, quickly de- pleted the treasury, and the Interna- tional body was compelled to render assistance, and several thousand dol- lars came into the city from that source. The result of the struggle is known to all, and is merely mentioned to show that, financially speaking. Xo. 21G might be in better condition locally were it not for that titanic struggle. The lesson was a severe one to both sides, and it is safe to assert — or at least to hope — that the day of strikes is over, so far as this department of in- dustry is concerned. [Millions of dol- lars were expended by both sides, and ''strike'' is now uttered with bated breath wherever printers now do con- gregate. Honor to the men who fought the battle, and equal honor to the men who, having a comfortable situation, and with the cause of the strike behind them, nobly came to the assistance of the International body and loyally met the demands of heavy assessments. Many hundreds of dollars came out of individual pockets, the first demand being for a 10 per cent assessment on all individual earnings. This was gradually reduced as one after another district was settled and peace prevailed. Many were the good offices lost — let us hope but temporarily — to unionism, and many a good printer's life ruined by the struggle, but who shall say that it was not worth all the effort expended? To revert hack to the early days of the historv of the local. As has been said. Ij.j printers responded to a call for a meeting on November IT, 1 >>.">. This was not, however, the first Printers' local connected with printerdom in this city. Back in 18i>!>, on January 25 of that year, to be exact, the first attempt to organize the trade was made The National body — it is now International — CHARLES B. PORTER Five Times President of Typographical Union, No. 216, and for Many Years Financial Secretary of the Central Labor Union. Central Labor Union History 51 sent an organizer, and the first meeting of any attempt to organize compositors in Springfield, Mass., was held in Concordia hall, Foot's block, at the corner of Main and State streets, on the date mentioned. This building is but a memory now. having been demolished to make way for tbe fine new building of the Massachusetts Mutual Insurance Company. The Union was numbered 120. Being before tbe era of the Sunday paper in this district. Saturday evenings were free to the "comp."of both night and day sides, and the meetings were accordingly held on the first Saturday of every month. Tbe 12th semi-annual circular, dated July, 1874, records that during tbe six months previous, one member bad died. 11 bad been admitted by traveling card, three new members bad been gathered into the fold, while 15 had withdrawn by card — that is. had taken out traveling cards, business being recorded as only fair and help far in excess of the demand. The records of those early days are merely a matter of memory now. no trace having been found of them, and the only documentary evidence known to be in existence is the aforementioned semi-annual report. It is a most interesting card, however, and came into the hands of the present secretary in a curious manner. One Jay S. Bliss, two years ago in business in Brooklyn for himself, now gone to bis reward, blew into tbe Republican office one night, and. introducing himself, said he was here to attend a meeting of his lodge. He produced the report in question and asked whether it would be of anv use in the compilation of any history, lie was assured it would, and thanked for the loan of it. Before, however, use could be made of it, Mr. Bliss died in Xew York, and the precious card still remains on file with Xo. 21 <">. Tbe following list of officers and members will be of interest to old-time printers, and many memories may be awakened by a perusal of the names. President, David llanna; vice-president, Kdward S. Russell; secretary and treasurer, Joseph G. Allbe ; sergeant-at-arms, Frank T. Parsons. Fortv-nine members were on tbe rolls at this time, and their names are as follows: Allbe, Fdward P. Allbc HarUin I*. Allbe, Joseph ('.. Buckley, John B. Burke, James II. Ballard. Frederh k L. Bliss. Jay S. Bunberry, Bar; holoniew Brown, Fred C. Barker. Joseph ('. Campbell. John M. Crowley, 1'atri k F. Dolan Thomas Davis, Charles C. Doherty, M. J. Grandv, Hiram !'. Hitchcock, Elias R. Holt, Charles W. llanna, David 1 larmon, < ieore,e W. Ilo.uan. John J. Me-tcalf, William McDonald. John Murrihey, Austin McKelvey, Joseph McKerma, 1'.. Mellaril, ]•;. J. Mayher, 11. C. Montgomery, Ralph R. Noble, William T. ( I'llara, John C. Perry, Fred K. Watts, Samuel Parsons, Prank T. Russell, G. V. X. Russell, Kdwatd S. Roberts, Louis A. Ruyy,, John B. Reese, Thomas Stebbins, Louis F. Story, B. F. Sax ton. K. 11. Taylor, Henry D. Vincent . Frank X. Vincent. John T. Whittlesey. La P. Weaver. Nelson T. Williard, Charles F. Wilkins, Kzra Xo. 12<) bad tbe friendship of two men whose names do not appear on its membership roll-. George ]>. Stebbins of the Republican and Curtis Ik Wells, who contributed considerable money t.> help the local along. The new members admitted at this time were I. I'eaman, John T. Fitz- gibbons and G. F. Glynn; those coming into the jurisdiction with traveling 52 Central Labor Union History cards were II. \V. Bridge, Hugh Craig, David Gilbert, Charles E. Jillson, Joseph McLaughlin, B. McKenna, William Malloy, Walter MacDonald, James C. Reid, James Roche and W. Del.. Winsor. Seven of the latter did not find conditions exactly to their liking and made their stay very brief, and it is also recorded that one Daniel Hayden Phillips also went on tour at this time. Daniel is hack with us now and has put in many honorable years in the service of Xo. 21(5, being at the present time a pensioner on the rolls of the International body, a state of being richly merited and honorably won. "Dan" is still a fairly active member of the Printers' union and is always ready with advice and what assistance he can render to the youngsters of the organization. The founders of the organization adopted as a motto, "Psto Perpetua," hut this optimistic desire for perpetuity was destined not to be realized. A financial panic brought about conditions which dampened the ardor of the members, and when business began to revive, although ''business was fair, the supply was far in excess of the demand." So the old union surrendered its charter and became a back number. Out of its ashes rose the present organization. Interest, however, flagged for a time, but a new movement of revivification culminated in a meeting of those interested, principallv members of the Republican staff, on November 17, 1885. This meeting resulted in the forma- tion of the present Xo. 210. The following is a transcript of the minutes of the first meeting: Thirty-three printers responded to a call for a meeting in Knights of I abor hall on the afternoon of Tuesday, November 17, 188."!, for the purpose of organizing a local typographical union for the city of Springfield. The meeting 'was called to order about 4 o'clock by John Douglas of Boston, state deputy organizer for the International Typographical Union, who briefly and plainly stated the objects of the organization which he desired to form in Springfield. George Judd was chosen secretary of the preliminary meeting. The application for a charter was signed by the following printers: J. Colby Adams, Daniel O. Regan, Charles A. Leach, Daniel M. Kirk, Frederick A. Veet, John I'. Sullivan, George \\". Harmon, Louis Schlesinger, John H. Cadigan, George L. Dickinson, John Gamble, Harvey A. l-'riese, P. F. Crowley, Mortimer P. McMahon, David O'Connell, James J. Biggins, Walter H. Barnard. P. T. Meehan, TO. J. Gardiner, C. W. Brace, P. J. Jennings, James 10. Corcoran, Carl Withe. Robert Scott, John W. Parker, I. L. Gaboury, W. R. Tiffany, M. 1'. Cavanaugh, Eugene F. Keefe. Mr. Douglas administered the obligations. The following were elected officers to serve until the first annual election, to be held on the second Sunday in December: President, J. Colby Adams; vice-president, Daniel O. Began; recording secre- tary, Charles A. Leach; treasurer, Frederick A. Veet : sergeant-at-arms, John 1'. Sullivan; trustees, George W. Harmon, Louis Schlesinger, James 11. Cadigan. Appointed to draft constitution, David O'Connell, 1. L. Gaboury, P. J. Jennings. Decided to apply for a new charter instead of a return of the old one. Quite a number of the old organization quickly enrolled themselves under the new banner, among them being Charles E. Willard and P. F. Crowley, and it is a matter of record that the whole of the names on the charter issued to Xo. 21G were members of the Republican office, either in the newspaper room or the job plant, which was then a large factor of the Samuel Bowles regime. The following are their names: Victor D. I.oomis, Louis A. Roberts, L. Chase, J. II. Van Kueren, J. G. Alike. C. P.. Ken von. K. Atherton, James OTIara, Dennis (. Callinan. 1. G. Allbe is still living and holding down a situation in these strenuous days of the newspaper world and doing as good a man's work as ever. Victor D. Loom is is living in Minnesota and Dennis J. Callinan is a resident of Hartford. Conn. Central Labor Union History 53 The first meeting after receipt of the charter was held in the December following, and, there being no funds at the disposal of the body, the first treas- urer, Frederick A. Veet (still in harness and working in the Republican office), advanced the necessary money for payment of the charter and also the necessary supplies and books, being reimbursed by the local in happier financial times. The following is the list of officers chosen at the regular meeting in Decem- ber to serve for the first year: President, J. Colby Adams; vice-president. P. F. Crowley; recording secretary, Charles A. Leach; financial secretary, Daniel M. Kirk; treasurer, Frederick A. Veet ; sergeant-at-arms. John P. Sullivan; trustees. James 11. Cadigan, George W. Harmon, F. L Ballard. Of the charter members, quite a number still work at the trade in this city, some have gone to other fields of labor, and a few have passed into the Great Beyond. There is a goodly array of the great substantial citizen- ship upon which the foundations of the republic rest securely. Honors have come to some of them in their chosen profession and in other activi- ties of life. In the Typographical Journal for May, 1S85, is chronicled the presentation of a pocketbook and a sum of money, together witli the good wishes of the Boston Herald chapel, to the retiring superintendent, J. Colby Adams, the first president of Xo. 21(5. Of other charter members, Carl Withe occupies the responsible position of superintendent of the Union's composing room, and .Maurice 1'. Cavanaugh was honored by his fellow-citizens with election to the Springfield City Council, serving with credit as president of that body. Since that day, twenty-five years ago, when the union was formed, Xo. 21(5 has been assiduous in carrying out the objects for which it was organized — the promotion of the moral and material welfare oi its members. Aside from a tangible gain in working conditions, the raising of wages and shortening of hours, the union has quietly and unobtrusively performed a considerable work in looking after its members sick and in distress, and has to a degree little realized bv the casual observer assumed many of the functions naturallv associated with the purely fraternal organizations. Cp to April 1 of this vear. the local maintained a death benefit of $75, which equalled the amount paid to the members of the familv oi a deceased member by the International bodv. With the advent of a new inter- national insurance scheme, graduated according to length of membership, the local fund went out of existence as a burial benefit, and the bank balance was used to create a sinking fund for defense and other purposes. * fiber benefits JAMES F. WRIGHT Recording Secretary of No. 216 for Seven Successive Years. 54 Central Laror Union* History accruing- to members are the Union Printers' Home at Colorado Springs, and the weekly pension to our disabled and superannuated members. The death benefit has now been raised to $400 for members in good standing and the weekly pension has been raised to $5.00; but the funds of the latter benefit are accumulating so rapidly that another increase is probable in the near future, and it would not be surprising to find a dollar a day pension for our eligible members coming along soon. It may be of interest to the uninitiated to learn how these funds are created and maintained. The membership of the International union now exceeds 60,000, and each and every member of the organization pays into the treasury one-half of one per cent to the mortuary fund and a similar amount to the old-age pension fund. As has been said, the funds accumulated so rapidlv that the executives were compelled to take some action to reduce the accumulation, and the increase of one dollar to the pensioner every week was the result. Even with this increase — there were 763 pensioners on the rolls at the end of February, 1912 — there stood to the credit of the fund at that date nearly half a million dollars, to be exact, $478,850; the expenditure for the month being $16,672. A little calculation will show that even if the fund were to receive no further accretions, the bank balance at the present rate of disbursement would last a couple of years. It may be stated that if a pensioner finds him- self able to work and earn money the pension automatically stops for the period that he so works, and commences again at the discretion of the local secretary. A wise provision, for it tends to make the man and woman feel that their day of usefulness is not past and the careful work of the purveyors of the fund has a stimulating effect in consequence. We have had one member as an inmate of the Union Printers' Home, George H. Surprise, although his admission is credited to Las Vegas Union, where he had gone on account of failing health. His disease had made too great progress, however, and he returned home to die. The visitation of the sick and the timely donation to the afflicted are not unknown among us. In 1885 all work was done by hand. With the introduction of machinery in 1893, the printers of Springfield faced what then appeared to be the gravest crisis in their history, but by wise counsels and a sensible disposition to make the best of the new conditions rather than waste our strength by fruitless opposition to the inevitable, the apparent catastrophe has been turned into a means of abounding prosperity to the International Typographical Union and its component organizations. Incidental to the higher scale of wages and shorter hours propaganda, an active campaign has been carried on with the union label as a center of interest. Xo. 216 has taken a prominent part in the organized labor movement. In the formation of the Springfield Federation of Labor, now the Central Labor Lnion. in 1887. the officers and members of the Typographical union did their share of the work, the strong Central body of today attesting how well the foundations were laid. Tn the matter of financial assistance, likewise, either to local or outside organizations requiring such aid, Xo. 216 has given liberally according to its resources. An examination of the records discloses a really surprising number of appeals for help answered by donations from this body. As is the case with almost every organization. Xo. 216 has had its seasons of discouragement as well as prosperitv. At times in bygone years, apparent progress has been so slow that many of the members have wondered if it were Central Laisor Union History 55 worth while to attempt to continue the organization. There have always been found faithful workers enough, however, to keep up the struggle until tangible results commenced to appear once more, and in view of the great results achieved in the past twenty-five years, and the prosperity of the union today, these men feel abundantly repaid for their labors. The history of No. 210 has been remarkably free from strikes or serious disturbances. A policy of discussion and conciliation, rather than an appeal to force, has prevailed, and the gains in working conditions have been achieved by peaceful methods. A notable exception was the great country-wide move- ment for an eight-hour day, commencing in 1905. in which Xo. 210, as a part of the great army of the International Typographical Union, participated. The details of that titanic struggle are too recent to need recapitulation here. Suffice it to say that the eight-hour day is now an accomplished fact in the printing industry of the United States, and that the dream of years of placing the International Typographical Union on an equality with other progressive unions is now a reality. While many of our members worked manfully during those strenuous days, particular credit should be given to \V. D. B. Mitchell for his indefatigable and intelligent direction of affairs. The union gave a practical demonstration of its methods during negotiations for a revision of the newspaper scale last fall, in which both sides met and discussed conditions, secure in the knowledge that, by virtue of the contract between the American Newspaper Publishers' Association and the International Typographical Union, there was no possibility of a strike, no matter how serious the apparent disagreement. The International Tvpographical Union, by its action in Chicago last year, also conclusively demonstrated that this, agreement is no mere form of words, but a very practical protection to the emplover of union labor. The difficulty was purely a one-office one and the men struck work. The publishers appealed to President Lynch by wire, and in a few minutes came the order to other offices in the vicinity to set all type required by the "struck" plant, and the local organization, bowing to the inevitable, ordered the men back to work and appointed a committee to adjust the grievance. Springfield has on numerous occasions been represented at the sessions of the International Typographical Union, and on other occasions has sent no delegate. Perhaps the most exciting time in the history of election of delegates from the local union occurred in connection with the session of 1S90 in Atlanta, Ga., when each of two candidates received an equal number of votes. The decision to send two delegates, the return of their credentials, the unsuccessful attempt to get them back again, their departure for Atlanta without them, their being seated in the Internaional Typographical Union, the red-hot contest which ensued over the proposition to appropriate the money for their expenses, and the peace which finally prevailed, art.' a well-remembered bit of local history among the members of the union of that day. Springfield union lias taken an active part in the councils of the Xew Eng- land bodv since its formation in Boston in 1S92. The first president of the old Xew England Tvpographical Union was a member of Xo. 210 — Samuel H. Dvcr. Another delegate from Springfield. George 11. Surprise, was one of the vice-presidents. Both these gentlemen are deceased. March 7. 1SSS, will ever be remembered in printers' annals, for on that date occurred the disastrous tire in the office of the Union, in which eight 50 Central Labor Union History lives were lost. Three of these victims, Walter Hovey, Zephirin Lauzon and Thomas Donahue, were members of the union. Lauzon and Hovey came from out of town, and their relatives were found and notified through the strenuous exertions of the officers of No. 216. The following week the great blizzard of March 12 occurred, and to the tremendous exertions of some of the Springfield men was due more than one serious case of illness, the death of one member who accompanied the body of Hovey to his home being directly traceable to the exposure and hardships encountered on that trip. But the union nobly demonstrated that in times of emergency it is always ready to step into the breach and look out for the interests of its unfortunate members. The limitations of space preclude all but the briefest possible mention of the events of the past twenty-five years. It is fitting at this time, however, that we pay a short tribute to two of our friends,' now deceased, who in their lifetime were loyal supporters of the union. Curtis B. Wells, an old-time master printer, gave practical proof of his sympathy by sending a check for the relief fund of No. 216 immediately upon hearing of the fire in the office of the Union referred to above. He had at other times given testimony of his friendliness for the organization, and at his funeral official representation from No. 216 paid a silent tribute to his memory. Charles J. Bellamy, who died December 12, 1910, had for years, in the office of the Daily Nezvs, and later in his book and job plant, conducted a union shop, and was always recognized as a friend upon whom we could rely. In 1885 Springfield had a population of 37,000. Today we are rapidly approaching the 100,000 mark, and are on the threshold of an expansion and development which shall emphasize more than ever the claims of the city to be the metropolis of Western New England. In those days the standard size of the daily newspapers was from four to eight small pages, and twelve pages constituted an event. Today eighteen, twenty, twenty-four pages is nothing unusual. The Republican, the patriarch of Springfield journalism, was at that time housed in a building next to the Five Cents Savings Bank. Occupied in 1S7S, in ten years the demands of business necessitated larger quarters and the old First Baptist church property at the corner of Main street and Harrison avenue was acquired in 1888 and a three-story building erected. In 1910 the imperative necessities of continued prosperity compelled a rise heavenward, and two more stories were added, the present office of the Republican being a representative of the best in modern newspaper plants. The Springfield Union then published only an evening and a weekly edi- tion. Joseph L. Shipley was editor-in-chief, and Elijah A. Newell, for many years our efficient city clerk, was then city editor. The office was located on Worthington street, just east of Main, where a four-cylinder type-revolving press was adequate for its needs. In 188? the paper moved to the corner of Main and Worthington streets, where the disastrous fire occurred in March, 1888. After a temporary sojourn in Fort street, in the rear of Haradon's bicycle store, the paper returned to its remodeled quarters. In 1892 a morning edition was launched, and in 1894 the Sunday paper appeared, the weekly being discontinued. A few years later the building formerly occupied by Hutchins" Music store, where Dictz's bakery is now located, was purchased and equipped for its purposes. This was supposed to be a permanent home, but in a few- years proved to be entirely inadequate, and by 1909 the congestion had become Central Labor Uxiox History 57 so acute that the building was sold to A. Steiger, and new quarters, more adequate to the tremendous expansion of business, were leased at the corner of Main and Fort streets. The superiority of this office to its predecessor is marked indeed. With the assured growth of Springfield it will be of interest to see how long or how short a time shall elapse before these quarters are once more crowded to their capacity. The Daily News was located just east of the Union on Worthington street. Founded in 1880 by Charles and Edward Bellamy, now both deceased, the paper was passing through a strenuous struggle to get a foothold. With competition in its particular field represented by the Daily Democrat, it was a fight for the survival of the fittest. The fittest survived and soon was able to remove to a larger office on West Worthington street, on the site now occupied by Smart's restaurant. Here a well-deserved prosperity warranted the erection of the present quarters at Dwight and Worthington streets. A well-equipped job office was later added, the high quality of whose work is amply attested by this souvenir. The Phelps Publishing Company was just emerging from the shell of its extremely modest quarters in the building of I lavnes & Co. The pur- chase of and removal to the old building of Ray & Taylor on West Worthington street was followed by an amazing and continuous growth which has made the firm one of the largest publishing houses in the coun- try. The destruction of their plant by fire in January, "1!)<>7, was followed by the erection of the present enormous eight-story concrete block, which is a monument to a well-deserved success. The Springfield Homestead, now occupying its own well-equipped build- ing, was then a small weekly, issued of their agricultural paper, the Xcxv three times each week and occupies a place all its own in local journalism. Among the older job printing offices in the citv is the label office of Thomas F. Carey. Mr. Carey does business at 28-1 Main street and has a good patron- age among the societies of Springfield especially. The Merry lob Print, on Pynchon street, is noteworthy not only for its use of the label, but because it occupies the building which was the original site of the office of the Union in 1SG4. Amic L. Fredette of Dwight street, another label office, lias grown from small dimensions, and is still growing. Mr. Freddie's latest achievements being the instalation of a handsome cylinder press and a folding machine. < >ther holders of the label are Joseph Bordeaux. Charles Illume. Marks Klein. ARTHUR F. HARDWICK Secretary-Treasurer of No. 216 for the Third Successive Year. bv the Phelps company as an offshoot England Homestead. It now appears 58 Central Labor Uxiox History the latter two of whom handle exclusively the Hebrew printing of this district, and C. S. P. Murphy. Publicity Printing Company, and the Daily News Job Print, of which mention has already been made. The Springfield Tribune occupies the place which twenty-five years ago was filled by the Catholic Herald. Its publisher, Thomas F. English, is the suc- cessor of English & Donahue. Daniel Mullaley and others, who have essayed the field of journalism in the diocese of Springfield. Springfield Typographical Union has a membership exceeding 170. The composing rooms of the daily newspapers are manned throughout by union men and women. While in the job offices conditions are less satisfactory, a substantial and constantly increasing representation carry cards. The history of the last twenty-five years shows a wonderful advancement in working condi- tions in this city. Whether we shall continue to progress depends entirely upon the zeal and energy we shall display in facing the problems that are before us. Among the charter members of Xo. 120 was J. H. Van Keuren, a confirmed joker. Ezra Wilkins. famed for his honesty and upright character, was secre- tary and treasurer in 1873. At one meeting Mr. Van Keuren made a motion that the books of the treasurer should be gone over and that he should be put under bonds. The amount in the treasury at that time was about ten dollars. '"There is nothing for him to do but to jump out of town if he wants to.'' said Mr. Van Keuren. Great was the astonishment of Mr. Wilkins. but his con- sternation soon disappeared in the hearty laugh led by Mr. Van Keuren. In the days of Barnes. McCann and Duguid, or perhaps a little before, Springfield had her own "swift" in the person of Victor D. Loomis. a member of Xo. 12<», whose reputation as a rapid compositor extended over the country. In 1869 the following printing offices were listed in the Springfield directory: Xewspapers — Xczcs. afternoon; Republican, morning, except Sunday, Samuel Bowles & Co.. 207 Main street: Union, every afternoon except Sunday, Union Printing Company. 101 Main street. Semi-weekly, Republican. Weekly, Republican and Union : Ncti' England Homestead, H. M. Burt & Co.. 6 Music Hall block. Monthly. Xeie England Homestead. Job Printers — Samuel Bowles & Co.. Franklin block ; Joseph Miller. 17 Goodrich block : J. F. Tannatt & Co.. 3 Elm street ; Union Printing Company, Taylor & Olmsted's block. The constitution and by-laws of Xo. 120 were printed in 1869 by Samuel Bowles & Co. Before the advent of typesetting machines many of the best printers in the country were afflicted with the. wanderlust, working a few days or a few weeks in one city and then moving on to the next place in their itinerary. Some, after a few years of this roving, settled down in quietness for the remainder of their lives. Others felt the lure of the road too strong to be resisted, until they answered the last call of "time." and became confirmed "tourists." Old- time printers will remember as more or less regular visitors to Springfield, Jim Williamson, with his quotations from Shakespeare. Speck White. Scotty Gordon, who "didn't give a dom." Andy Hughes, and others. They were all of them in their day competent printers, with unlimited experience in all kinds of offices, and were, from principle, and as a matter of necessity, likewise. Central Labor Uxiox History 59 stanch union men. They are the men of whom was written the graphic poem beginning: Here's a rhyme to the old tramp printer, who as long as he lives will roam, Whose card is his principal treasure and where night overtakes him, home; Whose shoes are run over and twisted, whose clothing is tattered and thin, And who makes a bunk in the basement when the pressman lets him in. With the revolution in the making of a newspaper, like Othello, their occupation's gone. They belong to a vanished era. Peace to their memory. The Typographical Union has always stood for one fundamental principle in its relations with women in the industry — that of absolute equality. Women are eligible to become members of the organization and to hold office therein, and the slogan of the International Typographical Union has ever been equal pay for equal work, the only standard being competency. Following is a list of officers who have guided the destinies of Xo. 210 from the day the charter was granted until the present time: CO Central Labor Union History < p< A A & ~ — £ ~ "3 ~ t- |r " - - jj _2 £ — -f "J ■% g Jl. rt > V o i> p -J W ►In 3 % fc fe ~ ^ W — .£ ** ^ - <; << t) 2 a Sj "5 >, v >, >, z o g ■n < > j> z g — = &H - t - S i*5 <• <£ « i* 5 ~ ^ = r~ -^ ^ ~ — ~ ' J ?t & & o fe 5 efi ~ rt a a M M ^ t£ St .St St St St St St St ~ T. 'J* 'S. x X S> tt X _^ .i ' _^ _1> M Q w 5 ^ s Q -s c, U U 5 ^ = r J2 KA • • ° ° u t-i H H rt c- c c; n u > o 3 o ,_• . 75 . w w u • § to r-^ zn o o — Carpenters-The Little River Case One of the keenest students of the history of labor union development is Walter J. LaFrancis, present business agent of the carpenters, probably the strongest, numerically, combination of unions in the city. Delegate to the Central body for thirteen years. Mr. LaFrancis has done his best work for the body on the legislative committee. His duties as business agent of the car- penters keep him busy all the time, but he finds time to give consideration to many matters of importance to the labor movement in general. As chairman of the legislative committee he has had a class of work to handle that appeals to him, and he has been indefatigable in striving for the betterment of conditions for the workers in general. The trade- school problem is one of his hobbies, for he believes that every hoy and girl should he be given that knowledge so essential to the earning of their own living while they are at school. He is not an advocate, however, of the trade education that would give the younger generation that smattering of technical knowledge that would ill fit him to take bis place in the battle of life, hut thinks that the trade classes in the schools which will teach crafts to the stage of competency are coming, and in the not distant future. Persistent to the limit of the resources he has at his command. Mr. LaFrancis showed by his handling of the violation of the eight-hour law WALTER J LaFRANCis by the contractors on the Little River of the French Carpenters— A Useful Dele- ,,, ,,.].,. ti,-,) i,„ ,,,,,|„ r , t .,,,,i. It/,,,- tli,, gate to the Central Labor Union works that he understands how the J and an Expert in Legis . legal side of questions can be used. lative Matters. The Little River question, it may be recalled, was a complaint that the con- tractors were working their men — mostly foreigners — more than the legal limit of eight hours a dav as called for hv the State law. The Central Labor Lnion committee to investigate the conditions on the job consisted of \V. J. LaFrancis, \Y. II. (iradv of the Painters' Liiion, R. A. Hennessey of the Bricklayers, and ]olm Hurlev. Numerous journevs were made to \\ estfield, evidence obtained that the law was being violated and discrimination being shown against local tradesmen and every effort made to have matters remedied, hut without avail. Mr. LaFrancis' report submitted to the Central Labor Union is here reproduced: "On account of there being so many mechanics and laborers out of employ- ment, both union and non-union, and it being my duty as a business agent to look after the employment of men of the carpenter's trade. I watch all large jobs, and to whom contracts were let. both in and out of the State. I use every effort with the parties concerned with the employment of men. and on account of mv years of experience of assisting men to procure employment 02 Central Labor Union History with a class of work which they are adapted to, I have received the patronage of many large contracting companies throughout Xew England and New York. "I had my attention called to the Little River job early last spring. I appealed to the contractor at that time to give the unemployed mechanics and laborers who had been all winter without employment and who I believed were entitled to a preference on the city's work. I was led to believe at that time by the contractors and our city officials who look after (or are supposed to look after ) the interest of the citizens of Springfield that my appeal would be heeded, and this is the result. "After the work on the Little River water system had commenced, many mechanics and laborers of Springfield went to the job seeking employment. In some instances they were told to return in the course of a week or so. Some of them returned two and three times, only to meet with disappointment. There were so many reports to the Central Labor Union Hall that it was impossible for laborers and mechanics of Springfield to get employment on the city's work at the Little River, that I personally took a trip to the works myself. I found that the mechanics and laborers were compelled to work ten hours per day for less wages than is paid for less hours elsewhere. (This was in April.) There were about twenty carpenters employed at that time, of whom only two were residents of Springfield. "Mr. Gow. who was in charge, stated, in an interview, that 'They were men who had worked for him before.' and he had brought them here with him. Nothing was said to him in regard to the hours of labor, but he was asked if he would not give Springfield laborers and mechanics a preference : that it was our city's work and so many of our citizens were out of employment that we believed they were entitled to a preference. He stated that he was not ready just then for any more men. but might require some in a week or so. "On my way back to Westfield I met a number of men who had got employ- ment on the Little River job through an agency called the 'Xew England Labor Supply"; some claimed to be from Xew York City and elsewhere, but none from Springfield or vicinity. "Later on the district council of carpenters gave me permission to pay carfare and expenses to send men to the Little River job or elsewhere where there was a possible chance of their getting employment. But the Little River job might just as well have been stricken from our list of jobs. All men that we sent there — carpenters, drillers, and other classes of labor required on such works — came back discouraged. "I then invited Business Agent Grady of the painters to come with me and enter a complaint with the mayor. This was done. The mayor promised to do everything that be possibly could for the working people, and would do everything in his power to assist the unemployed of Springfield, and told us to go to the chairman of the water board. Everett E. Stone. We called on Mr. Stone at his office the following day and told him of the conditions that existed on the Little River job. He looked up the contract, and in reading it over he found that the eight-hour provision and other provisions regarding the employment of citizens bad been inserted in the contract. We also tele- phoned to Mr. Lochridge. the engineer in charge, if he was aware that they were working ten hours per day at the Little River water system. We were informed that he was. and if the law was being violated the contractors were liable to prosecution. Central Labor Uxiox History f>:3 "We then went to the Free State Employment Bureau to see if some of the many applicants at that office had been referred to the Little River job and had procured employment there. We were informed at this office that many men had been sent out to the Little River job. but none had procured employment to their knowledge. "We were informed by an official of the city to enter our complaint to the State police, whose branch office was located in the Besse building-. We called at this department. Mr. Howe, State official, advised us to enter the complaint to Mr. Whitney, who is chief of the State district police. "We returned to the Central Labor Union and sent a written complaint to the State police. About a week later we received the following replv from the chief of the Massachusetts district police in Boston : In reference to your complaint that the eight-hour law was being vio- lated by the contractors of the Little River water system being installed in the towns of Blandford and Westfield, I would respectfully inform you that I have had the matter investigated. Instead of being a violation of the law, it seems that the men working there arc employed by the hour instead of by the day; some of them work less than eight hours, and some of them an excess of eight hours, but it is all done voluntarily by the men; consequently, in accordance with a ruling of the attorney general's depart- ment of this Commonwealth, it is not a violation of the law. If the men were compelled to work in excess of eight hours per day, or in excess of forty-eight hours per week, it would be a violation of the law. If at any time you or your associates can furnish evidence that the men are compelled to work in excess of eight hours per day. or forty-eight hours pel- week, this department will lie prompt to prosecute under those cir- cumstances. "I took this letter which we received from the district police, accompanied by Delegate Hurley (who was appointed by the Central Labor Cnion as an additional member of the committee), to the mayor's office, and showed him the letter, informing him of the conditions which we found to still exist on the city's work, and asked him once again for his assistance to procure employment for the unemployed of our city, and for the enforcement oi the eight-hour law. city ordinance, etc., in regard to the employment of labor. He informed me that he would do all that lay in his power to see that the provisions of the contract were lived up to. Rut as we heard nothing further from His Honor. and there was no change in the conditions, we concluded that the burden of proof of the violation of the eight-hour law and city ordinance fell upon us. We succeeded in getting affidavits of several men who were employed on the Little River job, and what our attorney considered more than sufficient evi- dence to prove to the court that the law was being violated, and we wrote the following letter to the chief of the Massachusetts State police: In reply tn your letter of April i'7. l'.aiS, in reference to our complaint that the eight-himr law was being violated by the contractors of the Little River water system, which is being installed in the. towns of Blandford and Westfield, for the city of Springiield. You informed us at that time, if at any time we could furnish evidence- that the men were compelled to work in excess of eight hours per day, or fort y-eight hours a week, your depart- ment would be prompt to prosecute. Since receiving your letter we- have procured evidence which we believe will satisfy your department that there is a violation of the law. and would be pleased to make arrangements with your department for a meeting in Springfield Central Labor Union Hall, corner of Sanford and Market streets, or any other place that you might G4 Central Labor Union History su.^t'st. Kindly inform us what day you can meet us, hour and place, and we will arrange to produce the evidence which we believe will he satisfac- tory to you. "'Several daws after we were informed that the chief had detailed Mr. Howe, who is located in the branch office at Springfield, on the case, and would examine our evidence and. if in his opinion it was sufficient, he would proceed tit prosecute. "We presented our evidence to Mr. Howe, which he considered sufficient, hut as we had more evidence at hand, we desired him to get it all. Mr. LaFrancis. Mr. Howe and one of our witnesses went to the Little River job and examined three more witnesses. "We were also informed by all of our witnesses that a steam whistle was blown on the works at 7 a. m.. 12 m., 1 p. m., and p. m., which indicated when to commence and when to stop work. All witnesses informed us that they worked no less than ten hours per day. except when compelled to stop work on account of rain. "Mr. Howe informed us that he would send in his report to his chief. Mr. Whitney, and get permission to engage counsel to go ahead with the prosecu- tion, and to return to his office in a couple of days. Two days later we returned to Mr. Howe's office and were informed by his stenographer that Mr. Howe had decided to take a vacation. We asked if he had not made up his mind very suddenly; she informed us that he had. She also informed us that Mr. Cleveland had taken Mr. Howe's place and we could see him the next day. ( )n calling upon Mr. Cleveland the next day. he informed us 'That, not being in possession of the facts of the case, we would have to wait until Mr. Howe's return before proceeding further with the case, and he would not return before the 10th of July." This was the 2<>th of June. On the 20th of June we wrote the following letter to the chief of police : Our committee took up the complaint of the- violation of tin- eight-hour law" by the contractors of the Little River water system which is being installed in Westfield and Blandford. In reply to our first complaint, your office informed us that the men worked more than eight hours voluntarily, etc. But if at any time we could furnish evidence that the men were com- pelled to work in excess of eight hours a day, or forty-eight hours per week, your office would Vie prompt to prosecute. At our own expense we secured evidence which was satisfactory and sufficient enough, according to the opinion of Mr. Howe, who is stationed in Springfield ami appointed by you to proceed with the prosecution if the evidence was sufficient. .Mr. Howe informed us. after examining the evidence which we presented, that he would send his report to your office, and get permission to secure counsel, then proceed with the prosecution, and to call on him the 1'Hth of this month, and by that time- he would have his instructions from you. On calling at Mr. Howe's office, I was informed that -Mr. Howe had suddenly decided to take ;i vacation, ami that the case would not go on until he returned, which would be some time after the lath of next month. Xow, our committee feels as if this was not a square deal to postpone this case, when we have everything prepared to go ahead with, and we desire to know what is going to he dune by your department. "This was our reply : Your communication in reference to the actions of Mr. Howe received nt this office. In reference to his suddenly making up his mind to go on a vacation, that is a mistake. Mr. Howe was slated the same as other Central Labor Union' History 65 members of this department for a vacation in advance of his departure, with permission of the deputy of the department under whom he serves. The matter of your complaint has been taken under advisement by myself. Mr. Howe also has consulted with the judge in reference to the same, and 1 have personally written to the judge and am endeavoring to make some arrangement for the assistance of the authorities under the jurisdiction of the Westfield court to take hold of the matter. Such mat- ters, from my past experience, cannot be hurriedly worked out safely. It would he easy enough to swear out a warrant, but things should be worked in co-operation with the court and the local officers as well. If you are dissatisfied with the way that I am handling the matter I would respectfully suggest to you that if you desire I am perfectly agree- able if you and the witnesses whom you have interviewed and feel as if it is a perfect case should call at the Westfield court and make the com- plaint. If you desire to do so, I will write a letter personally to the judge and enlist the assistance of the sheriff of the county and the local police force of Westfield and Blandford to assist you in the matter. I make this suggestion in all good faith and still feel as if the matter is being con- ducted with all the speed that can be safely. Today I received a personal letter from the judge, and in consequence of his letter I feel as if he will aid and assist you by interesting the local police under his jurisdiction to take the matter up if you desire me to drop it and leave it that way. I do this in no spirit of enmity or dissatisfaction — simply to inform you that I am interested in the matter, and if any process is begun I wish to assure its being done properly and successfully. Will you kindly at your earliest convenience inform me if you accept the proposition that I make to you? "After considering the contents of this letter, we decided that two of the committee go to Boston and see Mr. Whitney personally, which was done. R. A. Hennessey and myself called at the chief's office. We expressed our dissatisfaction with him, in the manner in which we had been treated from the start, and that we did not believe that it was up to us to procure evidence, affidavits, and prove our case before it was brought into court. He informed us that that part rightfully belonged in the towns where the law was being broken. After a lengthy argument along these lines, and in order that our case might be pushed forward without delay, we were given a letter of intro- duction to Judge Willis S. Kellogg of the District Court, Westfield, Mass., which follows: Boston, Mass., July 2, 1908. Judge Willis S. Kellogg, District Court, Westfield, Mass. I >ear Judge: This morning I was called upon by two representatives of a labor asso- ciation in Springfield who have been investigating the violation of the eight-hour law in the towns of Westfield and Blandford under a contract for the city of Springfield, Mass. Inspector Howe is absent on his vaca- tion, and I feel that they would 1 e better satisfied to call upon you in person with two or three witnesses in reference to the violation of the eight-hour law. If you would be kind enough to hear the statements personally of the witnesses it would be granting a favor to them as well as to this depart- ment. Mr. Howe will return from his vacation on the loth instant. Will you kindly advise Mr. LaKrancis and his associate in regard to what you consider would be necessary to establish a prima facie case to warrant an issue of a precept to summons the defendant contractors into court? If you lack evidence to establish the complaint, will you kindly arrange to have the local authorities or the sheriff of the county assist them in co-operation witii this department? On the return of Mr. Howe from his 00 Central Labor Union History vacation, if you deem it necessary to wait for his return, he will immediately take hold and assist them in the preparation of the case if necessary. If they need any additional assistance from this department I will assign a man to assist Mr. Howe and the local police of Westfield if you deem it desirable after hearing the evidence submitted by Mr. LaFrancis and his associate. Pardon me for imposing upon you in this instance, but it seems to me that from the representative LaFrancis and his associate of the union that they have good cause to feel that the law is being violated. Respectfully yours, (Signed) J. H. Whitney, Chief of the District Police. "The following' day I called at Judge Kellogg's offiee and presented my letter of introduction. Judge Kellogg, on reading the letter, stated that Air. Whitney did not seem to understand, and refused to answer some of the ques- tions put to him. informing me that Attorney Bushman was clerk of the district court, and he would give me all the information I desired. 1 then called at Attorney Bushman's office, and he in turn informed me that all witnesses and affidavits must he presented at his offiee, and if they were sufficient to warrant the issuing of warrant he would do so. I told him I hoped we had at last reached the proper and final place and the proper officials who had the moral courage to enforce the law. The following day, witnesses appeared in person, suhmitted their affidavits to Attorney Bushman (clerk of the district court), and were cross-examined by him as if on trial before a jury. He stated that the evidence was good, hut wanted substantiating evidence to the statements of the individual witnesses to warrant a successful case. "We told him that it was impossible for us to get witnesses (at this time) to the conversation that took place between the contractors and the witnesses. Mr. Bushman then stated that he would issue a warrant on the evidence already submitted. We told him that we were satisfied to take our chances in the courts, but notwithstanding all the evidence submitted, we failed to secure warrants against the offending parties. "This report is a good illustration of the ineffectiveness of laws that have been enacted for the protection and benefit of the toiling masses. The eight- hour law, mechanics' lien law. the child labor law. and all other laws that protect the American home, and uphold American conditions against conditions that have driven so many foreign workmen and women to our shores. Advan- tage has been taken of these foreigners, and they have become victims of the Padrone system, which is in vogue in this country. And when the working people protest too loudly against the injustice that is being done them, so that it disturbs politicians and legislators, a new bit of legislation is enacted with a string attached to it. so that it may be withdrawn or amended at will. These facts have been demonstrated by letters that have fallen into our possession, that enemies have sent to members of the Legislature, employers of labor, property holders and business men throughout the State of Massachusetts, soliciting their co-operation to defeat all labor measures that would better the conditions of the working people by reducing the hours of labor and increasing their wages sufficiently so that they can properly educate and otherwise provide for their families." Ten thousand of these reports were printed, and they were quickly dis- tributed and a copy is filed with the State records at the State House. Central Labor Union History GT During the winter of 1896-1897, difficulties of language led to the forming of an English-speaking carpenters' local, and Xo. 177 of the United Brother- hood of Carpenters and Joiners came into existence. This was an offshoot of No. 96. The older body had been in existence eleven years before they got wise to the fact that there were many carpenters in the city not holding union cards, and a committee of one was appointed to move among the outsiders and see what could be done to organize them. The task was entrusted to Fddie Goslyn, and his investigations led to the report that he found many men willing to become unionized, but their plea was that it was useless for them to join and attend the meetings of Xo. 90, as all the proceedings were conducted in the French language. Recognizing the justice of the plea of their brothers who knew not the language, Xo. 96 immediately enrolled enough English-speaking journeymen to enable them to apply for a charter, and the charter for this new body was issued .April 19, 1897, with the following names inscribed thereon: E. J. Burdett J. \Y. Foster William E. Xettleton Michael Egan Frank F. Robbins E. F. Cummings William Foster E. Clough G. R. Joslyn George F. Jackson \V. E. Casler Daniel Knelly Charles H. Seache Daniel Shea Patrick J. Collins George French J. F. Fitzhenry George (). Terry Charles W. Merrill William Ellis William J. Ryan A. L. Caswell A. W. Barnard F. Wilson Louis F. Jenkins Charles Ford John Emerson F. E. Abbott Three days after the receipt of the charter a meeting was called by Xo. 96 and the document was formally presented to l'Anglais by the French officers. M. T. Xihill was a member of Xo. 96 at that time — he now owes allegiance to 177 — and he acted as installing officer for the new local, the following board of officers being chosen: President, William Foster; vice-president, E. I. Burdett; recording secretary. W. E. Casler; financial secretary, Patrick J. Collins; treasurer. F. F. Cummings; conductor, William Xettleton; warden, William J. Ryan: trustees. ( ',. O. Terry, E. I. Burdett and A. W. Barnard; auditors. Grant Jostlcr. I. M. Foster and John Emerson. An agreement was immediately entered into with the parent body that Xo. 96 should recruit from the French-speaking journeymen, leaving all English- speaking carpenters to the new local. That agreement is still in existence. At this time the carpenters were working nine hours per day. but there were some contractors that insisted on a ten-hour day. the scale being but 25 cents an hour. On Mav 31, 1897, the two locals got together on the hours question and invited the older bodv to co-operate in an endeavor to obtain a universal nine-hour day. A committee of fourteen. — seven from each body — was appointed to inquire into the matter, and the joint bodies finally voted to accept nine hours' pav for a nine-hour workday. Two years later a minimum scale 6S Central Lauor Union History of $2.50 for nine hours was established, this being a slight increase in the hourly rate. The eight-hour day. however, was the objective at which the whole body of carpenters was aiming, and this was secured on May 1, 1900, without any trouble. In November. 1901, the two locals combined with No. 685 of Chicopee and called for a charter to form the Springfield district council, which has jurisdic- tion over an area bounded on the north by Ilolyoke line, east by Palmer, south by the Connecticut line, and west by YVestfield line. The council is composed of five delegates from each local (No. 1105. millmen, had in the meantime been in process of formation), and is supported by a per capita tax from each body. It pays and directs the endeavors of the business agent and transacts all busi- ness of common interest to the carpenters of the district. William Foster was the first president of the council, he also being honored by election as first president of No. 177. Since the formation of the district council the history of the locals has been practically synonymous. To the Public: — The carpenters of Springfield invited the master carpenters to meet them in November, 1903, to discuss and adjust the wage scale for the year com- mencing May 1, 1904. The increased cost of living has compelled us to ask for an increase in wages. Our wages have been increased but 25 cents per day in fifteen years. During all this time the masters have increased to the public the price of a man 60 cents per day. Our wages only average $650 per year, and that is not enough to enable us to properly provide for our families, buy tools, and pay for cartage of tools from job to job. Instead of meeting us and reasoning, they have flatly refused to deal with us, and in order to prevent us from working for others who would be willing to pay increased wages, they have forced the lumber dealers to raise the price of lumber to all who are not members of their association. They claim, and take the right to increase the cost of lumber, while refusing to even discuss our right to more wages. These gentlemen have refused a request to meet a committee of the district council of carpenters, the Central Labor Union, and the state board of arbitration, also the request of the architects to try to adjust our differences. Having increased the cost of lumber and refused to talk to any one that might lead to the adjustment of our differences, they expect the public to take kindly to their actions. We are willing to submit our case to the public, but because of the refusal of the masters we have been unable to do so. We maintain that our action in taking up the question with the masters six months before May 1st, showed that we wanted to discuss and settle the question as men should. They flatly refused a conference through the carpenters' district council, the Central Labor Union and the state board of arbitration, to settle this trouble that is injuring the public as well as the parties directly interested. Having been unable to get the association to deal with us, we are willing to let the public judge who is right, and if our actions and present position meets with your approval, we ask that you assist us by insisting that your work be done by union carpenters. We are prepared to do all kinds of jobbing, by the day or contract, at a low price, and can buy lumber from other dealers at the old price, and will furnish you men at ••> 3 . 2 5 per day. A conference in November, 190.3, was held between the contractors and a committee from the district council to consider an increase from $2.75, to which point the carpenters in the meantime had progressed, to $3.25 a day for eight hours. It was proposed to put this new scale into operation the following May. The prospects for the advance were rosy until about a month Central Labor Union History 69 before it was hoped it would go into effect, when pressure was brought to bear on the contractors by the Xew England association of builders which caused them to stiffen their backs and resist the demand. The inevitable strike resulted on May day, and every man carrying a union card in his pocket quit work. The strike lasted fourteen weeks, with hardly a single man desert- ing the ranks, but the men failed to gain their point, and after many meetings the strike was called off on August 7. The strike was an element of good, however, for both sides had evidently had enough, and since that date the demands have been small on the part of the employe and have been granted with very little trouble. It was not until 1909 that this body succeeded in obtaining their hearts' desire, namely, $3.25 a day, or $19.50 for forty-eight hours ; a year later the 44-hour week was established and this exists at the present time, with a minimum of $19.50 for that working week. In the fifteen years of its existence, Xo. 177 has admitted 1,150 members. Some have gone to the Great Beyond from which no journeyman ever returns, others have been suspended, but most of this large number have taken out clearance cards and joined other unions, till today No. 177 has barely 400 members — 372, to be exact — but this is the largest body of carpenters in the district. A few words about the international body may not be out of place here. The United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America was founded in a convention held in Chicago, August 12, 1881, with eleven local unions and 2,042 members. Today it numbers 1,951 locals, with a total membership of more than 20(1,000 members. It pays to its membersbip on the death of a wife a sum varying from $25 to $50; on the death of a member in good stand- ing $100 to $200, and disability benefits from $100 to $400. The international body has so far paid out in this manner two and three-quarters millions dollars since 1883, and in the past two years nearly three-quarters of a million dollars has gone into the pockets of its membersbip or their heirs. Tbe locals, too, have not been backward in this respect, for in the past twenty-five years over two million dollars lias been expended in sick benefits. This, of course, refers to tbe locals internationally. Strikes have cost the international body $1,041,420, and tbe total sum expended by tbe united brotherhood for benevolent and charitable purposes is estimated at tbe huge sum of $6,561,593. A Fourteen Weeks 5 Strike Three years prior to the formation of the Central Labor Union as such, the French-speaking carpenters of this district began to find thing's in a deplorable condition from their standpoint, and in the month of November, 1884, a small group of them realized the necessity of instant action tending toward some sort of a protective association, if they would preserve their manhood and protect their families from want. Individual action was felt to be a thing of the past and that the future welfare and advancement of the journeyman carpenter lay in combination. Several social gatherings were held during the succeeding winter, under the chairmanship of M. T. Xihill, at which conditions and future action were discussed. Many brethren of the saw and plane were invited to join in these social affairs, but that innate timidity that usually characterizes the action of men who know not their own strength prevailed, and the ranks of the insurgents increased but little, for most of them were afraid to be seen at these gatherings, for fear they would lose their situations, as it was known that the formation of a union was in contemplation. But the courage of the little group of men at the head of affairs never ebbed, and in the spring of 18S5 — April 14 was the memorable date — the following carpenters of this city received their charter from the international headquarters of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America: \Y. R. McMellen X. L. Byron I. M. Hervieux IT. Lucier M. T. Xihill R. Murphy G. Dupont C. Lebeau X. Perkins L. Randall T. Russell F. Demers X. E. Russell \V. J. Littlefield X. Dion \Y. J. Laine J. Forham C. Moudy L. Bovia E. Wagner J. II. Waters W. R. McMellen, the first man on the charter, was chosen president, and the union grew but slowly. Progress was. however, sure, and three years later the local claimed to have two-thirds of the carpenters in the city in its ranks ; then came the first clash with the contractors. A special meeting was called, at which it was decided to demand a nine- hour day — the hours prior to this had been whatever the contractors could induce the men to work. Wages were averaging from $1.75 to $2.50 a day. a few foremen being in receipt of $3 a day. The treasury of Xo. 96 has con- siderably over $1,000 at the present time. X'. hi Russell was appointed as walking delegate to see if a minimum of $2.25 a day, with a nine-hour workday, could not be obtained. Some of the contractor.- stood out against the demand, but the majoritv came into line, and Central Labor Union History 71 from that date the nine-hour day was established, the minimum being 25 cents per hour. For five years work was plentiful, and the wages had advanced another 2.1 cents a day during that time; but the leaven mixed in the first clash with the employers had been getting in its work, and the spring of 1901 saw the inevitable demand for eight hours, with no diminution in pay. which was at this time $2.75 a day. The master carpenters held a meeting at which it was decided to oppose this new demand. G. \V. Bruce, who was then business agent, did his duty so well that the employers were brought to see the justice of the proposed change in working conditions. The con- tractors, seeing the determined front opposed to them by the union, conceded the eight-hour dav, though some of the workmen were obliged to lay down their tools and lose a few days' work before the contractor saw things in the same light as they. The victory was so substantial that a closed shop agreement was entered into the same year. About this time a local was formed in Chicopee, No. 085, and a millmen's union came into being. No. 1105, No. 177 — the English-speaking carpenters ■ — having already been formed. These four locals got together and a com- mittee of five from each local was appointed to inquire into the possi- bility of forming a carpenters' district council. The outlook for such a body was of the best, and the charter was applied for, a constitution and by-laws drawn up for the government of all affiliated locals. The council is com- posed of five delegates from each body, a business agent looks after the interests of all and the financial side is maintained by per capita tax. Mat- ters went smoothly for over a year and little trouble was experienced by the business agent in adjusting all grievances. In the month of June, 1903, trouble arose on the II. P. Cummings job, the new plant being erected for the Fiberloid people in Indian Orchard — the old grievance of non-union men being employed. 1 *Ti 1 1 v ion members of the locals laid down their tools. The difficulty was adjusted, however, satis- factorily to all concerned. \Y. J. La Francis was hereabouts elected to be business agent at a mass-meeting of the locals concerned, three men being in the running for the position. In the fall of 1903, a conference was held between a committee of the master carpenters and members of the district council, tor the purpose of adjusting a new wage scale which the carpenters believed they were entitled to under the trade conditions existing at that time. The conference was amicable and the men were led to believe that their demand for a minimum M. T. NIHILL Veteran of the Carpenters' Union '"~ *" I - " to O Z — . DC wl i %»w z- \ MfciV J^ iHI^ <*z Central Labor Union History 7.'5 of $3.25 for an eight-hour day would be granted. Early in the spring of 1904, however, an employers' association was formed in many eities throughout the New England States, for the purpose of resisthig the demands of the men. The local employers were taken into the fold, and the local Master Builders' Association, with Agent Dennison at its head, made preparations to resist the proposed new wage scale; it was thought the object was to bankrupt the unions. The new association was heavily backed financially; their methods were to obtain help from Northern Xew England and Canada. Matters came to a climax on May day, 190-i, when the district council was informed that the demand for an eight-hour day. with pay at the rate of $.'!.25 a day. would not be granted. A call for a conference was refused, so the union carpenters laid down their tools. Non-union men were at once imported into the district, but not in sufficient quantity to enable the work on hand to be carried on, and the building trade was quickly at a standstill. For fourteen weeks the struggle continued; then an open letter was issued to the public, stating the position of the union workmen, and a business men's committee interviewed the leaders of the men and the Master Builders' Association, with the view of bringing the two factions together and thus bring the strike to an end, but without success. | This letter is reproduced elsewhere in this history.] Many carpenters had meanwhile left the city, and a mass-meeting was called and the men voted to return to work. Thus ended the fourteen weeks' strike. The men returned to work, most of them went back to their own jobs; there was plenty of work for all, and many employers granted the increase of 25 cents a day. The light tor the closed shop was not, however, relegated to the waste paper basket, though for the next tour years matter.- remained quiescent, but gradually the minimum oi $.'5.25 a day was secured. Two years ago a mass-meeting of carpenters decided that it was for the good of their cause that they take a Saturday half-holiday. They notified the Master Builders' Association and asked for an increase of ? ') .. per cent in their wages. The employers refused the demand, but as work was so plentiful, opportunity was taken to test the strength of their position. On the first Saturday in May, 1910. the union carpenters quit work at noon and returned to work on the next Monday morning. No opposition was ottered to the resumption, and they repeated the same stunt the following Saturday. In some instances the men did not receive the increase of wage- asked for. but thev took the half-holiday. These tactic- have been continued up to the pre>ent day, and the minimum scale is now $3. 54 a day. or Tl l-:i cent- an hour for a 44-hour week. Local No. 9(> has a membership of about :J5(), and the due- are SI a month for those who wish to participate in the sick benefit-. 75 cent- a month tor those who do not. Cigarmakers and Their Label The story of Cigar Makers* local No. 4!) without doubt forms a very important part of the history of the labor movement in this locality, as it was. and now is, part of every movement having for its object the advance incut of the financial and improvement of the moral condition of the worker. Numerous mistakes were made and through misunderstandings much feeling was engendered which worked a great deal of harm, and the panic of the 7()\s resulted in many of the records being mislaid, and in some cases destroyed, so that, with an organization dating back to 18G5, the movements of the Cigar Makers are merely a matter of the memories of the older men of the craft up to July .'5. 1882, when the written records begin. Conditions in 18(>5 in the district led up to a strike for more wages. The movement started in Suffield, spread through Feeding Hills and Westfield and on to Springfield. The workers of this city, however, bore the financial brunt of the struggle and thus, in a small way, was the union spirit generated, though the real "get together" spirit was not much in evidence. It was fully ten years alter this before the Springfield local was organized and affiliated with the national body, then called the National Union of Cigar Makers. At the convention held in Buffalo in September, 1S('»7, the name of the body was changed to the International Cigar Makers' Union of North America. The charter held by the local at the present time is not the original, which was lost in a peculiar manner, but a duplicate, which was not received until the meeting of December 21, 1SSC). The story of the loss of the first charter is a strange one and the whereabouts of the document, traced up to a certain point, are as much a mystery as ever. It appears that at the time the local was disbanded, one K. Gerke was secretary — he is not living now. Mr. Gerke had possession of the records of the local and also the precious charter, lie. with his family, removed to Germany, leaving the records and charter in a trunk in the attic of a house on Central street in this city, occupied by his brother-in-law, another cigar maker, named Lohr. Mr. Lohr moved shortly afterward, forgetting- about the trunk and records in the attic. ( )n the reor- ganization later the matter of the old records and charter was brought up and search made for the documents, without success. The officers and members of the executive board on reorganization were: President — John T. Smith. Secretary — 1). K. Murphy. Treasurer — William Simpson. Executive Board — James Tully, M. J. King. T.ottis Roeder, Abel Feeder. From I s *''.") to IsCiS little can be learned of the local other than that it had a very precarious existence. The laws in those days worked injustice to the workman. The revenue department called for the issue of a permit to every individual manufacturer of cigars and a return by him oi all cigars nianufac tured either weekly or monthly. The authorities would then issue the revenue stamp, a sort of double tallv that caused much confusion. Repeated agitation Central Labor Union History 75 obtained the repeal of this law. B. B. Oppenheimer was financial secretary and also recording secretary. He is still in the city. William Wrightmeyer succeeded him. In 1S?'3 the international body adopted a death benefit that was the means indirectly of the disbanding of the local. The new scheme called for an assessment of ten cents on every man affiliated with the international hodv on the report of a death ot a member in good standing being received at headquarters. 'Ibis assessment was collected by each local and forwarded to the local reporting the death within twenty days. The benefit was to be paid only where the deceased member lett a widow, orphan or dependent relative. As can readily be imagined, this led to continued strife and a fine discrimination as to what constituted a dependent relative, and the result was that manv members throughout the jurisdiction of the international body rebelled against the law. Local No. 1!) was caught in the maelstrom and, after the motion to withdraw from the international body and dissolve was discussed at several meetings, it was finally carried, and the Springfield local became a memory. The old argument so often put forward that a man need not belong to a union to secure good wages, heard todav as well as in the early days ot the formation of unions, found a gal- lery then, but the disbanding ot the local was quickly followed by a reduction in wages. A dollar a thou- sand was taken from one particular brand in a few weeks. The brand in ipiestion was reduced from $15 a george h. wrenn thousand to SI 1, and within a lew six Times President of the Central Labor , , i ;,,,,. Union; a Leader in Labor months the same cigai was heing Progress. manufactured for $5.50 a thousand. Conditions went from bad to worse and a few members of the old local got into communication with the international body with the idea ot reviving the union and securing a continuation of the charter, and allowing the seceders to remain outside if they wished. The faithful few did not meet with much consideration from the -powers that be." as they were informed that the only condition upon which the charter could he continued to them was the paying up of all overdue assessments, and as these assessments amounted to S|o or SIl' ill some individual cases, the matter was dropped. The charter thus went by default in lS|5. •■•lis an ill wind that blows nobody good" is a phrase as old as the hdb d it proved true in the case of the local cigarmakcrs. for out of the ruins ,,f another strike came the reorganization of the Springfield nun. Two years after the loss ,,i the charier the -real tenement house strike in New York Cit\ was inaugurated. Wages were cut to a minimum point and about four ?'(i Central Labor Union History fifths of the cigars produced in New York City were produced in tenement houses. The strike started in the shop of Frederick I )e Barry, in August of l s 77. and extended to a point where the struggle was concentrated against the continuation of thirty-two manufacturers. Over 7,000 men were out of work, and the deadlock lasted for 107 days. While it was not entirely suc- cessful, it taught the cigar makers all over the country the necessity of organization and the value of having a reserve fund. The strike was cor- dially endorsed by the local men, though they were without the official pale, and a meeting called by a few interested ones, who had never given up the idea of reorganizing, resulted in a discussion of the trouble in the big city and the need of rendering assistance to their brethren there. A sum of $50 was raised as the result of that meeting and forwarded to help the struggle along, and it was agreed to take up collections weekly till the fight was either won or abandoned. This meeting was productive of good, for the discussion resulted in the decision to reorganize, and a charter was applied for. ninety members signi- fying their allegiance to the new body. Twenty members of one local shop, however, wished to remain an independent local and refused to take any share in the new movement. Fritz Roeder was elected president and E. Gerke treasurer. A. Huck took over the duties of recording and corresponding secretary, but he only filled that position for a month, and was then succeeded by William Wrightmeyer. The answer of the international body to the application for the charter was that in consideration of the financial support rendered to Xew York strikers by the unorganized Springfield men. the new charter would be as the original one issued in 1805. Trouble came immediately upon the issue of the charter, for an intimation was received from Xew York that a firm in this city was furnishing cigars to one of the non-union shops in Xew York City. This could not be adjusted and the newly formed local found itself compelled to finance a strike just when things semed to be running smoothly. This strike continued for eleven weeks, and the members were assessed in per cent weekly to support the men out of work as the result of the strike. Support was weak and many members refused to submit to the assessment, and the result was suspension. The union's ranks were sadly depleted, only thirteen remaining on the roll free from suspension, while only six of these remained in good standing throughout. The names of the men standing by the local are worth recording, but it would be unfair to discriminate those who fell behind in their dues, and so the names of the faithful thirteen are here reproduced: William Wright- meyer, William Fowler, M. Paquette, Fdward Magargal. L. Schad, Charles Waldorf. Charles La Yiolette, Charles Spencer. J. Doumy. F. Allen, F. Weihe, 11. Moore and lames Londigon. the latter being admitted by traveling card from Westfield at this time. Of this number, two were employed at W. II. Wright's, one at Stebbins' and the balance at Simpson's shops. The open shop was then in full blast, and the result was that the employer paid such wages as he saw lit. and it was not an uncommon sight to see non-union and union men working on the same job, seated alongside each other, though the union man received $\2 a thousand for his work, while the non-union man onl\ received $7 for the same class of work. Still, the latter could not be induced to see tbe advantage of organization, and he refused to surrender bis so-called libertv to obtain tin- increased scale that he could cents monthly, but Xo. 1!> voted to make the dues 10 cents weekly, and thus form the nucleus of a sick benefit, which carried a sum of $4 a week during disability. This was the genesis of a plan proposed at the international convention held at Chicago the following year and which was adopted by that body. Charles Rawbone had the distinction of being the delegate from this body to the Chicago con- vention, and through him Xo. 40 had the honor of initiating the sick benefit in an international sense. Mr. Raw- bone, besides being the first delegate sent by the local cigar makers to any convention, was the first president of the Massachusetts Branch of the American Federation of Labor and was instrumental in organizing the local painters and decorators, besides serving as president of the Central Labor Union in its early days. Prior to this convention a label to distinguish union-made cigars had been adopted by the locals on the Pacific coast. The emblem was white. signifying that the work had been done by white labor as opposed to that produced by the Chinese largely em- ployed in San Francisco. In 1H7'S the cigar makers oi St. bonis adopted a label, red in color, and at the Chicago convention the present label was adopted, with a few slight changes. and the blue label, now so familiar and which has done so much for the ■ l >„ 11 ,111 CHARLES RAWBONE cigai maker all oxer the land, came into general use. It was not used Ex-President of the Central Labor Union much locally, however, until the Knights of Labor, whose growth was verv rapid at this time, began creating a demand for it. That body, too, issued a label, and from this time on both labels appeared on a box of cigars made under lair conditions. The impetus given by this double label was great and on the reduction of the inland revenue tax to $.'! a thousand, matters began to boom lor the local. The union then prepared and submitted a new scale of prices, calling for an increase of from ."><) cents to SI a thousand, according to quality. Sonic of the smaller shops acceded to the demand, two of the large shops holding out. A strike resulted, and this was successful. Later on an effort was made by sour- of the manufacturers to reduce this scale on the five cent goods, but it was merely a flash in the pan, so to speak, as one of tin- largest oi the shops refused to join in the movement. rS Central Labor Union History The delegates to the Cincinnati convention in 1885 were successful in legislation on the question of hours. It was ordered that from the 1st of January, lNSii, to the 1st of May. the same year, the hours of lahor recog- nized by unions he nine, and with that few months' notice that eight hours g<> into effect on May day. Once again was the local nearly wrecked; much feeling and bitterness was created, but wise counsels prevailed, and at this date all agree that the cigar makers' lot has been vastly improved by the reduction in hours. This change in the hours of labor brought into existence another combination of seeeders, who started an organization styled the Pro- gressives. They gained a strong foothold in Xew York City and. reaching out. established a local in the city of Springfield. It was here known as No. 1"»T. It was, however, finally absorbed by Xo. 49, after secret cuts in the scale that led to a strike. Two linns of manufacturers only employed the Pro- gressives; one surrendered to the local and the other moved away and has since gone out of existence. The local was continually looking to the improvement of the wage scale, and in 1S!)() a mutual agreement between the employers and the local secured an increase in the bill of prices : this was at a standstill then until I'.mi:;, when another raise was obtained. The truck system, or the taking of manufac- tured goods in lieu of wages, never became very general in this locality; still. f the Cigar Makers' Imernjuonjl Union Of Amenta. Union-made Cigars. tt»a» C^irt xa ill MK*jn OKutajt m WH ■ mini u^o«i»»m cents weekly and the initiation fee was raised to $3. A year later the weekly payment was raised to :_'<> cents, the initiation fee remaining the same, and thus the fees stood for nine years. On the 1st of fanuary, 1n!M), the dues were again increased to m 2~t cents a week and seven years later the final increase came to .'in cents a week. This is not a heavy toll, considering the benefits to be derived from the treasury. There is a sick benefit of $."> weekly, main- tained for a period oi thirteen weeks: an out-of-work benefit of $•*>, which i- paid for periods covering six months of the year; a strike benefit of $."> a week for sixteen weeks and $.'< a week for a further sixteen weeks. In addition to these, the local maintains a mortuary benefit of from $.">0 up to $"»;">< I, accord- Central Labor Union History ing to length of membership, ranging from one to fifteen years. Other benefits include total disability, $50; a traveling loan system which pays to tempo- rarily embarrassed members sums of from $1 to $20, winch can he repaid on resuming work. 'To the patient work and wise counsels of Henry tlealy much of the success of the local Cigar Makers' Union is due. For a period of eighteen years Mr. Ilealy held the office of recording and corresponding secretary of the local. Many other good servants have served the local, hut Mr. 1 leak's record will stand for many years. The union has always taken active interest in all movements pertaining to the uplift of the worker, .and its old members were mainly instrumental in the creation of the Central Labor Union. The com- mittee chosen by the cigar makers in 18K(> worked along these lines for a year before a strike of tailors led to the combination of locals that were responsible for the initial meeting of the Federated Trades. The first meeting of the Central Labor Union, noted elsewhere in this bock, took place in 1SS?', and the cigar makers sent as delegates Bishop X. Saitus. Charles Rawbone, Jeremiah Mahoney and Charles Spencer. These were elected July 11, 1S!S?'. Of these four, the first-named three were honored in turn by election to the presidency of that body and Mr. Spencer setwed as recording secretary. The cigar makers have been represented in the body without any break to the present day. Lfforts to organize the tobacco strippers were inaugurated on April 11. lNS(i, but it was not until February of 11)02 that these efforts were crowned with success, committees having been appointed, disbanded and reappointed during this time. The cigar makers claim to he the first local to recognize what i> now known as Labor Day. It was in 1SSI5 that an appeal came from the striking teleg raphers for assistance. A donation of $1" was sent and a committee appointed to hold a picnic on their behalf, with the view of raising revenue to further their cause. The picnic was duly held and the sum of $'••_ was cleared from this source and forwarded to the fund being gathered to assCt the striking telegraphers. The following year Labor Day came into existence as a national holidav, and it was observed in this city bv a parade and picnic. The cigar makers have ever been to the fore in office in the Central body, and the following members of Xo. 1'.' have been elected at various times to officiate: ['residents — Bishop X. Saitus, Charles Rawbone, ( leorge \\ ruin, leremiah Mahoney. Recording and Corresponding Secretaries — Otto Mache, Ceorge Vinccus. Jeremiah Mahoney, William J. Murphy. leremiah Mahoney was the only member ol the local to be elected to an international office, he being selected a-- seventh vice president ami serving in the years 1SS-1-S.">. lie was also elected from the international a.- delegate to the American Federation oi Labor at the following conventions: Ring hamton, in l ss < : Xew York, in l sv '.'. The benefits paid out to members in the aggregate arc enormous, and. with a local membership of IJ.Vi on March I. I!) 12. the -lck benefits alone excot d $10 a week. The local has ever been liberal in helping a wurthv cause, whether 80 Central Laisor Union History the beneficiary <>r beneficiaries were members of a trade union or not, and have levied many local assessments in aid of distress. The present hoard of officers is: President — James Londigon. First Vice-President — J. J. Courtney. Second Vice-President — S. Vercspy. Recording and Corresponding Secretary — J. \Y. Russell. Secretary-Treasurer — P. II. Sheehan. Label Secretary — William McCarthy. Executive Board — E. Magargal, II. Smith. J. (ireen, S. Ihier, ( '. Rawbone. Tailors — 1886-1912 One of the little band of four unions that were instrumental in starting the movement that led to the inauguration of the Federated Trades, from which developed the present Central Labor Union, was the Journeymen Tailors' Union, Xo. 20, and very proud of this fact are its members. As stated in the opening pages of this volume, the wretched conditions under which these men were working was responsible for the meeting that led up to the parent body. Early in 1SSG the tailors woke to the realization that their lot was anything but enviable, for the remuneration they were receiving for their labor was far less than that paid in other cities of the same size, and, in fact, in the cities and towns surrounding Springfield. Dissatisfaction was rampant and the topics of conversation wherever tai- lors met were the long hours, poor wages and other conditions pertaining to the trade. At last a call came for journeymen tailors to meet on the evening of Feb- ruary 8. 1886, in the store kept by Valentine Fwig. at the corner of Stockbridge and Main streets. This meeting was a very enthusiastic one and organization was at once effected. Little was done except organization for the first twelve months: then, in 1887, the little body of men represent- ing Xo. 2H formulated a new scale of prices and presented them to the mas- ter tailors. These gentlemen not only refused the demands, but absolutely refused to recognize the union in any shape or form. A deadlock ensued, culminating in a strike which lasted four months. The struggle was bitter on both sides, but the men stood to their guns and in September finally won the tight, the employers agreeing to the demands, thus ending the first and hardest struggle in the history of the local. Two vears later further increase of pay was sought bv the local, and the lesson of the strike was so recent that the merchants granted the new price scale without demur. For four years the knights ot the needle pursued the even tenor of their way, not a cloud showing on their horizon: then suddenly, like a bolt from the blue, came the news, in June. l.^s*. that one of the largest employers of their particular kind of help was planning to run a non-union establishment. A strike immediately resulted and negotiations for conciliation failed. Four weary months of idleness resulted and the importation of strike- AUGUST A. NAUMANN Of the Tailors' Union and Member of An- niversary Committee 8:2 Central Labor Union History breakers by the employers was a serious setback for Xo. 2 to become a member of that important body. '['wo weeks after its formation the local sent to the national bodv for a charter, this being granted at the next national convention. At the meeting at which the charter was applied for the following regular group of officers was cho>en to serve six months: President— C. F. Wheeler of Holvoke. Vice-President — Albert Lamachc of Holyoke. Financial Secretary — Xapoleon Gill of Springfield. Recording Secretary — O. L. Dresser of Springfield. Treasurer — L. C. Pickett of Springfield. Central Labor Union History Executive Board — F. C. McCarthy of Springfield. H. L. Wilkinson of Springfield. L. P. Clark of Springfield. S. Marrs of Holyoke. F. H. Morrill of Springfield. Guide — D. L. Morse of Springfield. Business Agent — F. C. McCarthy of Springfield. The meetings were arranged for the third Sunday in each month in Springfield, a room being engaged for this purpose in the old Homer Foot block at the corner of Main and State streets. On the opening of the theatrical season in 1890 the local presented its first demand on the managers of the several theaters for a new schedule, and after some controversy obtained what they went out for and, with the excep- tion of a few changes, the scale is in existence today, harmony reigning between the managers and the union. In September, 1901, the Holyoke members sought permission to form a separate local, and permission was granted by No. 53 for the application of a separate charter. This was obtained and Holyoke Local, Xo. 89, came into existence, as an offshoot of No. 53. The stage hands then found it necessary to make an attempt to organize the moving picture operators, of which there was an ever-increasing number coming into existence. A committee was appointed to secure applications and formulate a working scale of wages for that branch of the craft. The committee secured almost all the men employed in Springfield theaters and on February 20, 1910, having secured sufficient names, applied for a charter for the moving picture men. Thus came into being Local Xo. 186, and the stage hands can claim to have been instruments for much good in the theatrical world. The local has at the present time about fifty members, about one-third of whom are road men — that is, traveling with various companies, the balance being employed as regular and extra men in the Court Square. Poli's, Xelson, Gilmore, Plaza and Bijou theaters, which are all recognized as union houses. It is interesting to note that F. C. McCarthy, appointed as business agent for the local at the first meeting, has held that position with considerable credit to the present time. The present officers of the local are : President — D. A. Haggerty. Vice-President — Paul Davis, who is also President of the Central Labor Union. Secretary-Treasurer — John L. Dickinson. Sergeant-at-Arms — William Meldrum. Business Agent — F. C. McCarthy. Executive Board — Edward McCarthy. W. T. Casey. D. L. Morse. Delgeates to Central Labor Union — D. A. Haggertv. W. W. Barker.' W. T. Casey. Arthur Shaw. Edward McCarthy. Moving Picture Operators How many people visiting the various places of amusement in any city and noticing the star-shaped emblem thrown on the screen by the moving-picture operator have ever given it a thought? Most of the spectators, and the majority of good union men, too, do not know the meaning of the emblem and could not translate the hieroglyphics for their lives. The emblem, here reproduced, is the high sign of the Moving Picture Operators' Union, the number in the center being the designation of the local. The letters in the five points of the star stand for "International .Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes." The symbol is an emblem of efficiency and the badge of a union house and an operator of the moving picture machine that has been proved worthy to look after the interests of both his employer and the audience that is in the house. Time was when the operator of a moving picture machine carried his own life in his hands and also the lives of the people watching the show. The inflammability of the film, the many methods of illuminating, and the slightest carelessness, all added a spice of danger to the man in the booth, and stories are not wanting of many a here lie act that has saved human life. Safety devices, expert oversight and state examination of apparatus and fireproofing of booths have re- duced the dangers to a minimum, and rarely, nowadays, is there any acci- dent. But the story of Local 180 is a very brief one. The union has been in existence but two years, although as early as three years ago the handful of moving picture operators in the district were taken under the shelter- ing wing of Stage Hands Xo. 53. To that local the moving picture men owe a debt of gratitude, for the little band was carefully fostered by the guiding hands of Paul Davis. Florence McCarthy and Dan Haggerty. So rapidly did the moving picture houses multiply, that early in 1010 the operators applied for and obtained a charter of their own. the precious docu- ment being received from the International Alliance on Mav 1!J of that year, the new local starting out with a membership of sixteen. The officers elected at the first meeting were: President, Henrv Schoch ; vice-president. William Lewis ; secretary and treasurer, George Hill; executive board. Ldwin Webber and William Phelps; guardian. Homer Ducharme. with Paul Davis as business agent. Prom a membership of sixteen the body has grown till, today, there is a membership of fortv, everv one an expert, for there is no room lor incompetents in this line of business. The union operator of Massachusetts i> strictly tinder the control of the Massachusetts district police department and must pass a verv severe and searching examination at the State I louse in Boston before a license to operate a moving picture machine is granted to him. At the HH1 convention, held at Xiagara Falls, the local was represented by John F. (iatelee, and \*o. iMi was granted jurisdiction over practicallv the whole of Western Massachusetts, llolvoke and Xorth Adams being excepted. Musicians-Melody and Harmony "The protection of their common interests and the enforcement of good faith and fair dealing among its members" are. briefly, the objects that are called for in the organization of Hampden County Musicians' Protective Union, Xo. 371, which is affiliated with the American Federation of Musician-, and which came into existence De- cember 15, 1001, with 272 members. The jurisdiction of this local includes Springfield, Chicopee (except that portion included in the jurisdiction of the Holyoke local). Ludlow. East Longmeadow, Longmeadow. Aga- wam. West Springfield, Wilbraham, Monson, Palmer. Wales. Brimfield. Hampden. Mass., and Enfield. Conn. Regular meetings are held at Central Labor Union Hall on the second Sundav of each month. The names appearing on the charter are : Frank E. Stacy. A. F. Jacobs, W. R. Gardner. Albert Premo. Fred Sanger. J. J. Haggerty, L. \Y. Hardy and M. H. Sumner. Local Xo. 171 succeeded Local Xo. 104, which was in existence about two vears previous, the officers of which were: T. J. Collins, president; Fred Sanger, recording secretary. F. W. OTTO President of the Musicians' Union Charles A. Blodgett, financial secretan and A. F. Jacohs. treasurer. The first officers of Xo. 171 were: President — Frank F. Stacy. Vice-President — W. F. Stebbins. Secretary — F. L. Seaver. Treasurer — C. A. Blodgett. Sergeant-at-Arms — F. C. Holbrook. Executive Board— M. H. Sumner. E. H. Elder. T. J. Collins. Albert Premo. G. F. Pearson. Examination Committee— F. P. Xutting. W. J. McGarrett. Arthur Amsden. Delegates to Central Lahor Union — A. Pero. L. S. Baldwin, W. L. Southland. T. B. Carroll. G. V. Lovely. Auditing Committee— F. A. Holden. C. H. Bacon. Fred Sanger. Relief Committee— C. A. Oakman, Ora Atchinson. W. O. Stanton, E. B. Smith. Orvill Wilson. C. P. Ball. The need of organization among the musicians was brought about by the fact that there were no settled prices for engagements, and those who looked Central Labor Union History 91 into the future realized that the increase in the number of performers, and the competition likely to come from a supply in excess of the demand, would bring about a condition where the financial returns would not com- pensate the musician for the years of study and hard practise necessary to become and remain a capable performer. The scale of prices agreed upon was about what the best orchestras and bands were receiving at this time, and the public has given its sanction by its continued patronage. The Local began its existence with officers fully alive to the situation and very much interested in the welfare of the profession. In fact, it can be said that the continued success of Local 171 has come from the consistent work done by those who have been honored by election to offices. The bringing together of nearly three hundred members of the mu- sical profession in and around Spring- field tended to wipe out imaginary grievances and misunderstandings, which ever prevail among persons engaged in the same profession in a city who do not have an acquaint- ance with each other. The meetings for the first year were of a "get together" nature, and the friendship and good fellowship which resulted seemed in itself to justify the or- ganization. Local 171 has been the means of encouraging development among young musicians, as they arrive at the age at which they are eligible for membership. Any young man or woman who has arrived at the age of sixteen, who passes the Board of Examiners (composed of three mem- bers of the Local), is welcomed to its ranks, and begins a career on the same scale of prices as those who have given years to bring such a condi- tion about. It has been demonstrated on more than one occasion that Springfield musicians can give concerts that would call forth the most favorable com- ments if given in large cities of the country. Twice during the past few years, the members of the Local have given sacred concerts at Poli's theatre for the sick fund of the order, and on both occasions the public has responded by very generous patronage. Band and orchestras of nearly fifty men. directed by Messrs. Cherboneschi, Janser, Elder and Haggerty, have brought the highest praise to the Musicians' Union. The Local is affiliated with the Central Labor Union of Springfield, the Xew England Association of Musicians, and the American Federation of Musicians, which embraces the professional musicians of the United States and Canada. Delegates are sent each vear to the conventions of the National H. A. SHUMWAY Secretary of the Musicians 92 Central Labor Union History Association, and in this manner the members of the Local are kept fully informed on all important matters of interest to musicians. Practically all the musicians eligible, in and around Springfield, are members of Local 171, there being 310 names on the roll January 1st of this year. With the members all working for one common cause — to earn sufficient to enable them to live decentlv and give their very best efforts to the public — and the wonderful prosperity that seems certain for Springfield and vicinity, the musicians have much to look forward to, thanks to Local 171. American Federation of Musicians. LOUIS B. WOODWORTH Financial Secretary-Treasurer of Mu- sicians' Union J. Finch. F. Woodard, C. B. Alvord, H. Cutler, The officers for 1012 are: President — Frelerick W. Otto. Vice-President — W. F. Stebbins. Secretary — Herbert A. Shumway. Treasurer — Louis B. YYoodworth. Sergeant-at-Arms — C. S. O'Regan. Executive Board — W. J. McGarrett, R. Weston Ross. Albert Short. F. A. Thomas J loone. Examination Committee — A. F. Jacobs, Premo. Auditing Committee — T. \. Collins. P. E. Cleary. G. II. Shores. Delegates to Central Labor Union — F. W. Otto. W. F. Stebbins, H. A. Shumway. L. B. Woodworth, T. B. Carroll. Relief Committee — II. I). Aldrich, A. II. Orcutt, John Brennan, lolm Cavanaugh, F. I.. Benjamin. T. A. Heffernan. Albert Schoolhouse Custodians Few organizations had the baptism of fire in reality that attended the organization of the School 1 louse Custodians. The new body, formed in 1911, was born out of the old Janitors' Union. The School Janitors of Spring- field, at their meeting in the Central High School Hall in December, 1910, voted "Not to have anything to do with the American Federation of Labor," the vote being 9 to o. The next meeting was called by E. H. Newell on Sunday, January 22, 1911, in Central Labor Union Hall. Speakers in the persons of William IT. Grady and W. J. Murphy had been secured. Mr. Grady called the meeting to order and gave a talk along the usual lines of the benefits to be derived from united action and called on Mr. Murphy, who was the secretary of the State Branch of the American Federation of Labor. Mr. Murphy had barely got warmed up to his subject when there was a cry of "Fire !" and disorder immediately ensued. Some of the men present suc- ceeded in getting down the stairs, many of them through the windows and several had to be taken from the roof by the firemen, who were quickly on the scene. A second meeting was arranged by Mr. Newell about two weeks later, and a considerably larger number attended than had appeared at the previous one. Mr. Grady again expressed his views and was asked a number of questions by those present. Mr. Murphy, too, was present and urged upon the janitors that the time to organize was NOW", as no man could tell what the morrow would bring forth. He presented a blank for signatures, and nearly every one present attached his name. Mr. Murphy sent for a charter and on March 11, 1911, School House Custodians' Union, No. 152. came into existence as an organized body, with twenty-two members. The following officers were chosen : President — C. Clark. Vice-President — E. IT. Newell. Secretary — W. F. McCray. Treasurer — T. J. Healv. Guide— IT. W. Kuralt. ' Guard— M. W. Fisk. Trustees — J. Twohig, R. Case, Mr. Butler, A. J. Turner. The officers were installed by XV. T. Murphv. When the eight-hour law went into effect recently the committee on citv property made an effort to put the citv ianitor service under the contract system. The local at once took up the fight in opposition, co-operation being lent by the Central Labor Union and counsel being employed to conduct the case before the city government. The measure was defeated and the janitors were given what assistance was necessary to keep the work up to the former standard by working eight hours a day, the janitors to receive the same salaries as heretofore. On March 4 of the present year the janitors of Chicopee reported that the citv of Chicopee school board was not living up to the requirements of the eigTitdiour law. the Chicopee janitors being required to work ten to twelve hours in order to cret through their tasks. The Grievance committee had been 04 Central Labor Union History in communication with the school board in the matter, but as nothing was done in the matter it was taken up by the Chicopee Central Labor Union, who handed the case over to theii* labor committee. Alderman O'Connell interested Mayor Rivers in the matter and at the meeting on April 2 last the mayor, Aldermen O'Connell. Dunham and Sharp were present. Air. Xewell explained the grievance to these officials and the mayor promised his co-operation in seeing that the law was lived up to. The janitors also obtained a new working schedule, some portions of which were conceded immediately and some, at the time of going to press, are still in abeyance, but hopes are entertained of an amicable adjustment of all the grievances. Claim Oldest Organization Like their confreres, the bricklayers, the stonecutters date their ancestry back into the mists of antiquity. It is recorded in ancient script that organized stonecutters built the pyramids, and certain it is that the craft as an organized body assisted in the rearing of the temple of Solomon, and the craft also claim to have originated the secret order of Masonry. They even had an eight-hour day in those ancient times. The local branch of the Stonecutters' Association was particularly fortu- nate in its choice of officers, for many of them have risen to eminence in their chosen trade. The organization was formed March 13, 1880, the first offi- cers being: President. Edward Shut- tleworth ; vice-president, David Fer- rier ; recording secretary, C. T- Shea; financial secretary. William Cole; treasurer. William Mitchell. The name of but one of these men appears on the charter, that of C. J. Shea, a member of the firm of Shea & Donnelly, of Lynn, Mass., whose partner's name also appears on that document. Shea & Donnelly is one of the largest firms of stonecutters in Xew England. Air. Shuttleworth. too. has risen, being one of the fore- most contractors in Xew Vork City. The wages of stonecutters at the time of organization were but $2.7T> for a dav of ten hours, and the first business to come before the new body was the betterment of this condition. Shorter hours and more pay was their platform, and they went out for these important items with so much deter- mination that the following year saw an increase of 25 cents a day in the rate of remuneration and the hours of labor were reduced one hour at the same time. ( )ne year later the effects of organization were again manifest by the grant of an increase of ;">() cents a dav, making the scale $-">..">0. there being no further reduction in hours at this time. The union claims to he the pioneer of the eight-hour dav movement, and their claim that stonecutters on the job at the building of Solomon's temple worked but eight hours to a certain extent vindicates their claim, but it is certain that in modern times they were ahead of their bricklayer friends, who also claim to be pioneers of this shorter work-day movement, by a couple of years. In the tall ot 1SS9 the stonecutters made their demand for an eight-hour dav with a further increase of pay to $4 a dav. The demand was not. however, received with a very good grace, for it led to the formation of a Masters' Progressive Lnion, some of the stonecutters being induced to join the new body, and when the WILLIAM FLYNN President cf the Stone Cutters' Union 00 Central Labor Union History time came for the new scale of wages and hours to go into effect the masters locked out a number of the men. A strike was therefore declared and a hard fight for mastery was on. The struggle was keen and lasted for seventeen months, and a compromise was finally effected for 44 cents an hour and eight hours. The local held together well during this time and received assistance from Xcw York and other locals, and after the day had been won the seceders from the ranks gradually came hack and harmony once more reigned. The ultimate success of the eight-hour movement led to another demand later on and Saturday half-holiday was added to the other benefits won by the stonecutters. Ten years ago a further demand was made, this time for 5'* cents an hour. Xo difficulty was experienced this time, and the local is now in the happy receipt of $4 for eight hours with a 44-hour week. The best of feeling exists between the men and their employers, both sides believing in the axiom that prosperity of one means the prosperity of both. The international body was not formed until 1887, a convention of the craft getting together at Chicago in that year and effecting organization. They are affiliated with the American Federation of Labor and also with the building trades department of that body. Quite a number of locals existed throughout the country prior to the formation of the international body, and it is on record that the eight-hour day was granted in the middle West after an all-summer strike in 18G5. The Springfield local had the honor of being represented at the first con- vention by Patrick McDonough. Twenty-two of the men who met at Chicago have since passed to the Great Beyond. Following is a list of the men, together with their locals, who met at the first convention : C. Chinick of Detroit, Mich. Alexander Smith of Chicago. E. McKenzie of Chicago. J. A. Gowen of Lincoln, Neb. Harry Boyne of Lincoln, Neb. David Reid of New York City. M. Stone of St. Paul, Minn. Thomas Ward of St. Paul, Minn. John Rynn of Cincinnati. Daniel McHugh of Cincinnati. T. T- Henderson of Cleveland. Peter Suesby of Cleveland. Charles Butterworth of Kansas City. Mo. David Martin of Kansas City. Mo. John T. Hunt of St. Louis, Mo. William Holley of St. Louis. Mo. I. W. Bolland of Indianapolis. Ind. James F. McHugh of Minneapolis, Minn. Martin McAloon of Topeka, Kan. G. II. Thomas of Strong City, Kan. John Day of Denver. Col. John Recce of Newark, N. J. James A. Bramham of Wichita, Kan. Daniel Kennedv of Milwaukee. Wis. Central Labor Union History 97 George J. Butler of Louisville, Ky. Patrick McDonough of Springfield, Mass. The following officers now look after the interests of the local : William Flynn, president, who has also had the honor of presiding over the delibera- tions of the Central Labor Union (in 1908) ; George Clark, recording secre- tary ; John Casey, financial secretary, and John Connelly, treasurer. Although long affiliated with the Central Labor Union, the stonecutters have never found it necessary to go to that body for assistance in its various troubles. The records of the Central body show that the following members of the craft were delegates to the body in 1903: John Connolly, Harry Russell, John Casey, John Babbin and F. C. Kirley. The membership at this time was about fifty, the president being the last-named delegate, the secretary William Keefe. The Bill Posters February 22. 1903, saw the birth of the Bill Posters' organization, a meet- ing being held at the Gilmore Hotel and presided over by Joseph J. Xicholls. The full title of the body, which started in auspiciously, is Local Xo. 15 of the International Bill Posters and Billers of America. At this first meeting the following officers were elected to manage the affairs of the union : President — Paul Davis. Vice-President — Fred P. Belmont. Financial and Recording Secretary — Albert J. Busha. Sergeant-at-Arms — August Miller. Business Agent— R. H. Clark. Delegates to Central Labor Union — Paul Davis, A. L Busha, F. P. Belmont. R. H. Clark. T. I. Xihill. PAUL DAVIS President cf Billposters' Union. The Bill Posters became affiliated with the Central body on April 1. 1903. The members worked with vigor and faithfully together and their efforts were rewarded about eighteen months after organization by the inauguration of a scale calling for $2 a day. This was an advance of from $2 to $3 a week in most cases, and a ninediour day went with the increase of pay. The union at one time had a membership of forty, but this has been reduced till at the present time it boasts of but twenty-eight. It claims jurisdiction over Hartford. Conn.. Worcester. Holyoke and the surrounding towns. Following is a list of the present officers, delegates to the Central Labor Union, and members: Central Labor Union History 09 Present officers : President — John Moriarty. Vice-President — Charles Hastings. Secretary and Treasurer — Paul Davis. Sergeant-at-Arms — Merle Willis. Trustees— David Moriarty, James Cushing, Michael Shea. Delegates to Central Labor Union — Paul Davis, Charles Hastings, John Moriarty, Michael Shea, Merle Willis. List of Members : F. P. Belmont James Cushing George Caron Robert Clark Warren Corey Carl Clark Claude Dallas Russell Davis C, M. Edwards Leslie Earl Herbert Fisher John E. Garvey E. E. George Tames T- Gillick Howard Johnson D. F. Keefe Emmet Littleton A. Mather A. Miller M. Moriarty D. O'Brien C. I. Price Robert Simons J. C. St. Clair John Sullivan Merle Willis E. Weiss P. De Angelais Charitable Coal Handlers Although one of the younger unions of the district, the coal handlers easily, considering their numbers, take the palm for their charitable donations for various purposes. Strange as the combination may seem, the coal handlers, with John Hurley at their head, were the backbone of the co-operative laundry scheme that was started by the Central Labor Union in this city some years ago. Six hundred and thirty-eight dollars in hard cash went from the treasury of this body for the laundry, to say nothing of some $457 from the private purse of John Hurley, the president of the local, who had tremendous faith in the venture, and who is today, alas, a sadder and wiser man. Xot that he has lost faith in the principles of unionism. But one cannot talk laundries with John. He is not bitter about the loss of his money by any means, but he feels that with proper support from the union men of the city the venture would have been a great success. But the laundry is not the story of the organization of the coial handlers. The union was called into being on July 1. 1899, Thomas Coughlin being the president. Wages of coal handlers at that time were but SO a week, and the hours were unlimited. For two and a half years Mr. Coughlin held the gavel for Coal Handlers Xo. 7425. and then John Hurley, the sergeant-at-arms of the Central Labor Union and janitor of the hall where the meetings are held in Sanford street, took up the leadership of the local, a position he has held ever since. Indeed. John may be said to be the whole union, for though he has repeatedly wished to give way to some other member of his local, he has been urged to continue in office. Trouble has set lightly on the coal handlers, for in their thirteen years of existence there has been but one strike. That was very effective, for every man walked out in support and completely tied up the coal yards. A com- mittee, consisting of Messrs. Coughlin, Hurley, Ward and Streeter. met with the employers at the old Board of Trade rooms on Main street and secured concessions and settled the one and only strike the body ever had on their hands. Today the wages of coal handlers vary from $12 to $15 weekly, and some employers pay even $10 for the ten hours' work. The initiation fee in the early days of the union was but 50 cents ; today it is $5. Hie local takes care of its sick members, paying $5 a week for a period of six weeks, and also pays for the medical attention necessary. Idiere is, too. a death benefit of $75 for the families of members in good standing at the time when it is most needed. The treasury is in a healthy condition, not- withstanding the repeated drains upon it. and the local has a bank roll of over $3,000 to its credit. The strength of the local varies from eighty-five in the summer months to 130 in winter, and contracts are held with all employers of union help. Over- time is eliminated as much as possible and only straight time is paid for it. A ten-hour day at such heavy work is considered sufficient for even an able-bodied man, and extra time is not considered a desideratum. In its brief existence the coal handlers have given to various purposes over $4,000, some of the items being very interesting reading. To the starting of the co-operative laundry, as already mentioned, the body contributed of their substance $200 in 1004, and the following year a further sum of $438. Every appeal for strike contributions is carefully considered and rarely, if ever, is Central Labor Union History 101 an appeal refused. The records show that the following sums were given for this purpose: 1900, Ludlow Textile Workers $10, Pressmen $10; 1001, Freight Handlers' Union $25; 1002, Coal Miners $50, Boston Meat Handlers and Ohio Plumbers $5 each; 1903, Textile Workers of Lawrence $G, Windsor Locks Beam Tenders $10, Holyoke Paper Makers $10; 1904, Carpenters' Union $25, Western Federation of Miners $10, Fall River Textile Workers $5; 1905, Laundry Girls' Union of Troy $15; 1906, Ivory Workers' Union $15, San Fran- cisco sufferers, $30; 1907, Lithographers' Union, No. 21, $10, Mover, Heywood and Pettibone trial fund $10, Lynn Carpenters' Union $10; 1908, to Central Labor Union for the eight-hour fight $10; 1909. Ludlow strikers $50, Hatters' Union $20. Metal Polishers $10; 1910, Hartford Tire Builders $10; 1911, Hart- ford Molders' Union $10. Boston Photo Engravers $10. JOHN HURLEY Who Has Taken Care of Labor Lodges for the Central Labor Union for Eighteen Years. The handlers of the black diamonds have donated $50 to the proposed labor lyceum, $25 to the Jeremiah Mahoney fund. $50 to the family of Thomas Ahearn, a charter member ot their local, who. it will be recalled bv manv. was accidentally shot at a local brewery by a "'didn't know it was loaded'" hunter, and an average of some $250 a year for sick benefits. Probably one of the best-known figures in local labor circles in this citv is the subject of this sketch. John Hurley. A delegate for over twenty years to the Central body, lohn has also acted as janitor for eighteen years. Presi- dent of the Coal Handlers' Union tor eleven years, he also presided for ten years over the deliberation-- of the liuilding Laborers' Union, and has been delegated to attend six national conventions ot that trade bv his fellows. Mr. Hurlev has lived in Springfield tor forty-seven years, and has been associated 102 Central Labor Uxiox History with the Building- Laborers' Union for fully thirty years. Gruff, but genial to those who know him well, he is recognized as having a heart of gold and is elected year after year, with scarcely any opposition, to the position of sergeant- at-arms and is only preceded in point of service with the Central body by prob- ably two or three men. William II. Grady and George H. Wrenn claiming loneer association. Plumbers Union, No. 89 Several strikes have made interesting the history of the local plumbers, and in their twenty-odd years of existence the body has advanced considerably, improving both hours and wages. Conditions under which they work are of necessity not always of the best, for it is part of their business to effect this, but the lot of the plumber is vastly improved and his work for sanitation cannot be estimated. Local Xo. 89 of the United Association of Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters and Steam Fitters' Helpers of the United States and Canada, to give the body its full name, was organized December 14. 1891. The first officers elected were: President — William P. Shay. Vice-President — 1 1. Connelly. Treasurer — George ( ireen. Recording Secretary — J. C. Doyle. Board of Directors — J. II. Farley, F. Linehan, Thomas J. Ryan. Less than three weeks after the body was organized the Central Labor Union were requested to seat their delegates, and without a break the plumbers have been represented in the deliberations of that body ever since. The first delegates to the Central body were the president, vice-president, treasurer and the last named on the board of directors. A month after affiliation with the Central body the local sought affiliation with the American Federation of Labor, only to surrender that charter six months later for one from the United Association with the long name, the change being made at the instance of the .American Federation of Labor. Several of the ex-presidents and other of the officials are still living. First President Shay is now captain of the Fall River fire department ; George Smith. X. F. Brennan, F. J. Ryan. \Y. J. Hyland and J. F. Walls are all master plumbers, and most of them are still card holders in the local. Like woman's work, the plumbers' was "never done," and the new local set out to improve matters in this respect. A short strike in 1893 resulted in the grant of a nine-hour workday; $3.50 for that period being obtained in 1898. Two years later the eight-hour day for the plumber was an accom- plished fact. Then (in 1905) a demand was made for 84 a day, and a strike was called on the refusal of the master plumbers to consider the matter. Seven months' idleness resulted in defeat for the workmen, and they returned to work under the old scale. Defeat onlv served as a spur to the local, and they have since regained many of the shops lost as the result of the strike. The present year saw the consummation of their desires, namely, forty-four hours and $4.10 for that period of labor. The union members now control most of the business of the citv and is ever adding to its number. The present officers arc: President—!). Colby. Vice-President — F. Conway. Recording Secretary — 1. Beauchemin. Financial Secretary — M. J. Scanlon. Treasurer — J . Wright. Business Agrcnt — \Y. 11. Grady. Photo-Engravers Union, No. 57 One of the infant organizations of the city is Photo-Engravers, Xo. 57, and the prospects are that this body, though their ranks are of necessity small, will be one of the few 100 per cent organizations. Matters are tend- ing that way. Prior to October 1, 1910, the union men following that trade in Spring- field were members of Hartford Local, Xo. 33, of which they were charter members, with equal voting power. They were taken into Xo. 33 July 1, 1903. Meetings were held alternately in Hartford and Springfield, and the body had at that time jurisdiction over a territory extending from Xew Haven on the south to Canada on the north, and from Albany to Boston. As it cost the members in both towns considerable to attend the meet- ings, which were held alternatelv in GEORGE F. LOSEE President of the Photo- Engravers' Union either town, and as the craftsmen were multiplying in both places, it was de- cided to apply for a charter for the Springfield men. This was done, the document, dated as above, coming to legalize the actions of Xo. 57. The first officers to guide the des- tinies of the infant organization were: President — Howard ( i. Mendon. Vice-President — Henry A. Yolz. Secretary-Treasurer — \Y. 11. Allen. Recording Secretary — C. L. Slayter. Sergeant- at- Arms — Frank Bickel. The local is working along the right lines. The body is attili; the Central Labor L'nion and the Allied Trades Council, and the conditions locally has resulted in the installation of the I. P. E. I the citv. This label, for the first time, mav now be obtained H. G. MENDON Secretary-Treasurer of Photo Engravers ited with studv of label in n photo- Central Labor Uxiox History 105 engraving work done at the plant of the Springfield Photo-Engraving Company. The new local holds its meetings in Central Labor Union Hall on the second Tuesday in each month, and the present officers are: President — Henry A. Volz. Vice-President — George P. Losee. JOHN CAMPBELL Recording Secretary of Photo- Engravers Secretary-Terasurer — 1 loward G. Mendon. Recording Secretary — John Campbell. Auditing Committee — William Dijon. Henry Rothenburg, George \Y. (lark. Delegates to Central Labor Union — Howard G. Mendon, Charles 1). Blakslee, William Dijon. Delegates to Allied Printing Trades Council — Howard G. Mendon, George F. Losee. George \V. Clark. Correspondent to Official Journal — George \Y. Clark. The Journeyman Barber Many, many years ago, a sign over the door of a Fleet street barber shop read, "Shaving, one penny."' A rival across the street erected a sign, "Clean shaving, one penny." thereby insinuating that the first-mentioned barber was not so well equipped for good service as his competitor. Xot to be outdone. Barber Xo. 1 came back with "A clean shave for one-half penny." Surely the p. F. CRONIN President of the Barbers' Union low-water mark of the price had been reached. The story goes on to say that competition was too keen for a living wage and both shops were amalga- mated, thus showing that the spirit of combination of talents was abroad. But this i- only preliminary to showing that the price of a shave in this country stood at the modest dime for many vears. Fifty years ago, or before tlie Civil War. the price of a shave was one dime, and repeated agitation by Central Labor Union History 107 the barber failed to raise the price for forty-five years, and the same applies to the cutting of hair. A quarter has been recognized as the fair price for that very necessary and periodical trimming up ; but, whereas the barber in the old days had less to contend with in a sanitary way than has his confrere today, what obtained then as a fair price cannot be considered fair in these days. The price of firteen cents for a shave seems to raise the ire of many men, and it is amusing to see how careful these same men are to insist that things in their barber shop — or the shop they honor with their patronage — shall be just so. They will go into a hotel and use the common towel or drinking glass and think nothing of the risks they run from germs there, yet the barber's parlor must be scrupulously clean — as it ever is. The furnishing of a modern barber shop is an expensive process, and the up-to-date appliances and sanitary precautions that he is compelled to take by law all cost money, yet when he asks for a fair return on his sunken capital he is looked on as something less than a pirate. He is. however, expected to maintain an expensive estab- lishment near a main thoroughfare, pay big rent for that purpose, keep expen- sive toilet accessories and then try to obtain a living wage. When it is considered the length of time the operation of cutting hair and shaving occupies, who shall say that the barber is overpaid? All big movements have small beginnings, and so it was with the advent of the Journeyman Barbers' Union. A meeting for the purpose of organizing was called in February, 1889, at the home of one Joseph Landry on Main street, Springfield, near Franklin. Only eleven barbers turned out to this meeting, and they failed to come to any workable agreement in the way of organizing. Later a second meeting was called at the shop of Joseph La Valley, which stood then where the present Walker block is located. With the assistance of Messrs. Rawbone and Jeremiah Mahoney of the Cigar Makers' Union, organization was this time effected, a charter was applied for and issued to the new body, which was known as Local Xo. 20 of the International Journeymen Barbers' Union. The following board of officers was then elected: President— J. J. Daly. Recording Secretary — George Hadd. Secretary-Treasurer — Charles Gemme. One delegate, in the person of the recording secretary, was sent to the Central Labor Union and quarters for meeting were secured in the Ste John Baptiste hall. This was but a temporary abiding place, however, for a room was secured in the Central Labor Union Hall, at the corner of State and Main streets, in the old Foote block. The life, of this local was but short, and it went out of existence in 1805 through a misunderstanding with the executive board of the international union. It its brief existence, however, many reforms had been effected, the most important of which was the shortening of the working week by three hours and a quarter. For four years the local barbers were unorganized, then, in 1890, the present local, Xo. :io. was born, Jeremiah Mahoney, who had assisted in forming the old local, being again busv with the new one. Xo. .'50 fixes the date of its birth as Februarv !», 1^!» ( .». and the first meeting was held in the Central Labor Union Mall, which then stood at the corner of Dwight street and Harrison avenue. Much enthusiasm was in evidence among the journeymen, and the following board of officers was chosen to gfuide the destinies of the new local: 10S Central Labor Union History President — I). F. Kane. Vice-President — George 1 ladd. Corresponding and Recording Secretary — Robert Beach. Treasurer — G. A. Stilt/.. From this beginning the real history of the Barbers' Union dates. During the period of suspended animation from 1895 to 1S99 the concessions obtained by the old local bad been more or less lived up to, but the new body got busy immediately to improve matters still further, and everything moved along smoothly between the men and their employers until a demand was made for a half-day off a week. This was opposed by many of the master barbers, but the concession was finally obtained and the weekly half-day off became effective on May 23, 1901. Most of the employers signed the new agreement, a few holding out against it, but all were finally brought into line, and the barbers claim to be the first organisation to obtain this concession in this form in the Xew England states upon its own initiative. Many other concessions have been obtained since. With the possible exception of drug stores, the barber shop is compelled to keep open longer hours than any other craft, and the hours of the men are necessarily still very long, though they have been reduced by the efforts of this local from seventy-one per week to sixty, or an average of ten per day, this not including the necessary time taken off for eating purposes. In these days of the eight-hour movement, ten hours is too long for any man to keep up efficient work and, though difficulties may intervene, it is not without the pale of reason for this craft to hope for some improvement on this schedule. During the life of the local the following men have held office: Presidents — I). F. Kane. R. M. Xeidle, George I ladd and P. F. Cronin, the present presiding officer. Vice-Presidents — George Iladd. James Holly, D. J. Foley, \Y. Des- lauries. John Garvey, Albert St. Jermain and John H. Perron. Financial and Corresponding Secretaries — Robert Beach. Ed. \Y. Lawler, Mr. Uartenstein, A. O. Martineau, F. F. Lewis, William Caron, P. F. Cronin, Fred Gemme, Jr., Harry Emerson and 11. C. Niebuhr. Recording Secretaries — F. F. Lewis, J. H. Lyons, J. J. Shea, Jovin Johnson, H. H. Severin, G. A. Stiltz and Leander St. Cyr. Treasurers — G. A. Stiltz, Charles Gemme and R. G. Spengler. Delegates to International Conventions — P. F. Cronin, II. 11. Severin and 1 1. C. Xiebuhr. The union barber shop in Springfield — always to be recognized by the framed card — is a clean, sanitary place, with good service and intelligent help, a good feeling existing between the employer and his men. with efficient sanitary arrangements, for no officer of the board of health knows better than the barber the absolute necessity for hot water, formaldehyde and sulpho- napthol. and though some shops may be furnished in costlier manner than others, the class of work done is much the same. Some will argue that, because a man can scrape himself after a fashion with a safety razor, the trade of the barber is not a skilled one; as well argue that a man may pull his own teeth, or act as his own hair cutter. The latter operation has been performed in case of necessity, but, like the dental operation referred to, it would be a severe pull. Among the men who are best known in the barber world is P. F. Cronin, the man who at the present time presides over the deliberations of the local. Central Labor Union History 109 Mr. Cronin has held the office of recording secretary and is also a delegate to the Central Lahor Union. Born in Chicopee, he became identified with the labor movement thirty-one years ago. being the first master workman of the old Knights of Labor organized in that city, bike many others, he quickly recognized the fact that from its nondescript make-up the Knights could never hope to be the power for improved conditions that its founders fondly hoped. Mr. Cronin has been his own successor in the presidential chair of the barbers' local for eleven years — a fine record, lie has been unanimously elected to represent the local at the international conventions since 1901, and under his leadership but one strike has occurred. Many concessions have been gained, and gained with such tact and diplomacy as to merit the approval ot not only the masters, but also of the patrons of the trade. When Mr. Cronin first took up the leadership there existed in this city an associa- tion of boss barbers; this has since ceased to exist, the necessity for its existence being nullified by the ex- treme conservatism of the demands made by the journeymen. Mr. Cronin has in the course of his long career dipped into politics, finding therein both honors and humor. lie was a member of Chicopee's first charter committee appointed by the first City Council, lie has, too. served the gov- ernment in the internal revenue ser- vice for five years, and at present conducts a barber shop on Court I louse place, near the new wing of the old court house. II. C. Xiebuhr, business agent and sccretarv of the local, was born at Lyons, X. Y.. and at an early age was taken by his parents to Illinois, where be learned bis trade. lie has this country, coming to tin for William Stacy for ten years, and. Ins health failing. Local \'o. :>0 ottered hint the post of business agent in l'.MHJ. He accepted and has served the local loyally ever since. His dttties oblige him to carry on an insurance agency, an employment bureau, and all the clerical work of the body falls to him. He is, in fact, the brains of his local and is implicitly trusted by the rank and file, holding at the same time the respect and confidence of the employers — no mean achievement. He has been active outside the city and has succeeded in organizing the barbers of Ware. Calmer and Indian Orchard, and in this work especially has developed a tact that wins. Local No. W can congratulate itself on its business agent, who represented it at the Milwaukee convention, is a delegate to the Central Labor Cnion. a trustee of that body and a charter member of the Springfield Labor Lyceum. H. C. NIEBUHR Business Agent of the Barbers oiked in many of the larger cities of citv in 1S92. He held the position of foreman Tobacco Strippers Union, No. 9698 ( )ne hundred and fifty members, and every one in good standing, is the happy state of the Tobacco Strippers' Union, No. 9G9.S, of Springfield, Mass., to give it its full title. Only the secretaries of locals who have the handling of that part of the union's business that designates the standing of its mem- bership can appreciate the fact. The local has been in existence slightly more than ten years, having been horn January 21, 1902. The cigar makers were instrumental in the oreaniza- MRS. ANNIE BIGLIN McDERMOTT MISS MARY GARVEY First President of the Tobacco Strippers" First Vice-President and Present Presi- Union dent tion of the new local, J. F. Mahoney calling the prospective unionists together on that day. At that meeting Mr. Mahoney read a letter from the secretary of the cigar makers, Henry Healey. offering moral and financial help, and thirty-six members were initiated then and there, the following officers being chosen to direct affairs: President — Miss Anna Biglin. Vice-President — Miss Mary Garvey. Recording and Corresponding Secretary — Mary Collins. Financial Secretary — Miss Mary Hendrick. Treasurer — Mrs. Emma 1 lavlieck. A month later the officers were added to by the election of Mary Coleman as guide and Anna Cerniak as guard, a board of trustees being agreed upon in the following: bonis Hardina, Mary Gamble and Josie Vassar. Delegates Central Labor Uxiox History 111 to the Central Labor Union were appointed at the third meeting of the new- local, the officers serving in that capacity. For the initial expenses of organization the Cigar Makers' Union donated the snin of $10 for the purchase of seal, hooks and the necessary charter from the American Federation of Labor. Five months after the union was started, all the tobacco strippers in Spring- field were numbered in its ranks, and on June the body obtained recognition in the shape of increased pay and a working week of forty-eight hours, this benefit accruing to ninety-eight members. The advantages of being organized were thus made quickly apparent and the ranks of the order have shown a gradual increase, till the happy stage mentioned in the first paragraph was reached. The present officers are : President — Miss Mary Garvey. Vice-President — Miss Rosie 1 Idler. Recording and Corresponding Secretary — Miss Xettie Twenty. Finnacial Secretary — Miss Margaret Teahan. Treasurer — Mrs. Barbara Schilling. < luide — Miss Annie Wolf. Trustees — Miss Louise Vassier, Miss Annie Vassier, Miss Kate McKenzie. Delegates to Central Labor Union — Miss Mary Garvey, Mrs. Kate McKenzie. Miss Margaret Ely, Miss Xettie Twenty, Miss Mar- garet Teahan. The following signed the charter from the American Federation of Labor: Annie Biglin, Mary Collins, Mary Barton, Annie MeFadden. Mary Hronek, Emma Havlieck, Annie Hronek, Louise Haradin, Mary Tomas, Amelia Hardina, Nellie Crowley, Annie Churchill. Annie Schillizi, Annie Cermak, Theresa Collins. Carrie Jarlow, Nellie O'Brien, Josie Crowley, Mary Cermak, Mary Gamble, Louise Rawbone, Julia Harrington, Mrs. Barney, Maggie Erwin, Mary Ellen Bresnahan, Annie Skala and Julia Moriarty. Hampden Lodge of Car Workers Although not affiliated with the Central Labor Union at the present time. Hampden Lodge of the International Association of Car Workers can claim to have had connection with the body, for, back in 1903, a lodge known as Constitution Lodge sent delegates to the local parliament of workmen. For three years the car workers were represented in the councils, then all record of them is reduced to the phrase, written by the secretary across the page- devoted to the delegates' names, "Gone out." Hampden lodge is controlled by a district council, which meets in Boston on the second Sunday in the month. No. 114 was instituted on April 1, 1910, by Grand Vice-President Thomas II. Condon of the national organization, thirty-six members being on the initial roll and the charter, with the following- officers : President — G. F. Bosworth. Vice-President — A. J. Whelan. Recording Secretary — William Derbyshire. Financial Secretary — Harry X. Leonard. Treasurer — T. Monroe Bodurtha. Trustees— F. W. Readio. W. G. Root.. E. F. Doolittle. The organization comprises car cleaners, repair men. men working on engins cabs and tenders. It has an agreement with the management of the Boston & Maine system, which is renewed from year to year. The associa- tion also pays a benefit to the families of its deceased members. About 1,200 men are affiliated with the order and the local lodge has increased its member- ship to sixty-five since it was instituted, taking in all the workers employed on the Boston & Maine system between Springfield and Northampton. One of the principal functions of this, as of all other orders composed of workers, is the adjustment of grievances between the men and their employers, and in this it has been singularly successful. The present officer- of Hampden Lodge are : President — George F. Bosworth. Vice-President — Winslow G. Root. Recording Secretary — A. J. Whelan. Financial Secretary — E. F. Doolittle. Treasurer — F. E. Thayer. Trustees— F. W. Xuttall. F. W. Readio. M. Lander.-. Chicopee Carpenters The available records of the Central Labor Union show that Local No. GS5 of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America (Chic- opee) were affiliated with the body in 1903, 1904, 190.5 and 1906. The Chicopee carpenters met in those days at 18 Market square every Wednesday. The president in 1903 was George Basiliere, and the secretary Alfred Rivest. Delegates to the Central body: L. (). Founder, E. Blanchet, George Basiliere, S. Vesneau, E. Gouger and, later in the year, on the withdrawal of Messrs. Blanchet and Vesneau, Frank Blanchard and J. Comtois were seated. After 1900 nothing appears and, presumably, the local joined the Chicopee council. Following are the names of the charter members of the local : Joseph La Riviere Louis Mongeau Isiae Limard Alberie Lamy Napoleon Roy Philibert Archambeault Frederick St. Jean Joseph ( iibeau Omer Blanchette Joseph Comtois Cleophas Gelinas Lawrence Griffin Following are the first officers of the local: President — Frederick St. Jean. Vice-President — Louis Mongeau. Recording Secretary — Philibert Archambeault. Financial Secretary — Napoleon Roy. Treasurer — Joseph LaRivierc. Conductor — Alberie Lamy. The men transferred from Local Xo. 9(1 to 085 were: Charles Clairmont, James Page, Joseph 11. Cote. George II. Basiliere, Theodore St. Cvr. Alexander Marceau. Philias Vendal and Napoleon .St. Cvr. The officers acting in the present year of grace are: President — Henry Chevalier. Vice-President — ( leorge Prancouer. Recording Secretary — L. Onesime Fournier. Financial Secretary — George 11. Basiliere. Treasurer — Ludger 1 )upuis. ( (inductor — Ernest Gouger. Warden — [saie Eimard. Auditors— Edmond Blanchette. Alfred Rivest. Philibert Archambeault. Trustees — Ernest Gouger, lames Page, Philias Vendal. The Ministry and Labor The Springfield Ministers' Association is composed of most of the Protestant ministers of the city, together with a tew residing in the immediate vicinity. It is an organization for fellowship and for mutual assistance in ministerial work. And this work is understood to embrace all efforts toward the real uplift of the people. 1 loping that it might he of some aid in advancing the interests of the wage- earners of the city, the secretary was, on November 15, 1909, "instructed to ascertain from the Central Labor Union of Springfield whether a fraternal delegate would be agreeable to them." On January 17. 1910, the secretary read a letter from the Central Labor Union, inviting this association to send a fraternal delegate to the meetings of that body. It was voted "to accept the invitation, and to appoint Rev. F. XV. Merrick as our delegate." Dr. Merrick is still the delegate, uniformly reporting the most cordial relations be- tween himself and the union. His repeated assurances of desire for the advancement of the workingmen along all lines have the cordial endorsement of the memhers of the association. January S. 1912, John Mitchell ad- dressed a special meeting of the asso- ciation, at which thirty-nine men were present. He spoke on "Organized Labor'' and elicited the warmest inter- est on the part of his audience. He was thanked for his illuminating address and invited to visit our meetings at any time convenient to him. It is evident that moral and material prosperity are to be sought alike, and the clergy of the city wish to he counted on the side of every reasonable effort along both lines. An industrial platform was adopted rev. dr. frank w. merrick by the association Decemher 19, 1910, Fraternal Delegate from the Ministers' which was published bv the city press Association. , . T ". . 1 ■ ,. the next morning. It is substantially the platform of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, which body represents twenty-two millions of Protestant Christians. The platform is lengthy and need not he reproduced in full at this time; the following extracts fairly represent the position of the whole: "As an organization of pastors, we believe that every dictate ot wisdom and justice alike urges us to know the industrial situation, to find the points of practical agreement between organized religion and organized labor, for example, in promoting such movements as that for the abolition of child labor, securing a living wage with reasonable conditions of employment, work- Central Labor Union History 115 ingmen's compensation in accidents, international peace, the large social use of public buildings erected and maintained by general taxation. Above all, we recognize our duty everywhere and always to insist upon justice, social as well as personal, upon brotherhood, not only as an ideal, but as a practical realiza- tion among our fellow-men, upon religion as the greatest need of mankind, without which favoring conditions are unstable. To all, whether employes or employers, who are seeking to lift the crushing burdens of the poor, and to reduce the hardships and uphold the dignity of labor, we send the greeting of human brotherhood and the pledge of sympathy and of help in a cause which belongs to all who follow Christ." The events of the months following the adoption of this platform have but confirmed its wisdom ; its principles would doubtless be reiterated today by the members of this association. Dr. Merrick, the fraternal delegate, attends the meetings of the Central body as often as his ministerial duties will permit, and he makes them permit almost every month. He ever has a cheery message for the body and his talks, always interesting and never too deeply steeped in theology, are always accorded a careful hearing. Xever too busy to assist the cause of labor, the doctor has on many occasions gone out of his way to help members of the body whenever called upon. He is a valued speaker at meetings of various sub- ordinate bodies and is a true friend of the working man. He is the beloved pastor of Faith Congregational Church, at the corner of Fort Pleasant and Sumner avenues. A new church of handsome structure, the fruits of an epoch-making financial campaign in the city, will shortly be erected for him to preside over. Chicopee Central Labor Union Prior to 1892 the Chicopee lahor unions were represented by delegates in the Springfield Central Labor Union. They withdrew from that bodv in January of that year and in the following April organized the Chicopee Central Labor Union, with John H. Gilmartin as president and Samuel McAuley vice-president. The early books of the organization are unavailable. Since 1900 there have been few important local strikes or controversies, but the union has done its part in rendering moral and financial support to the labor movement in general. J '"" 'mm ^^1^1%,^^ w**1 iflll JOHN W. WILLIAMS President Chicopee Central Labor Union The union workmen of Chicopee are well represented in the board of aldermen by John W. Williams. Matthew A. Hopkins and 1). 1. O'Connor. Alderman George Dion was a member of the Carpenters' Union until he became a contractor, and is considered fair to union labor. The following unions, with an aggregate membership of about 1,500 men. are represented in the Central body: Bartenders. Cigar Makers. Painters and Decorators. Moving Picture Machine Operators. Trolleymen. Carpenters. Plumbers. Molders. Barbers, Xappers. Brewery Workers. Loom Fixers (Chic- opee Falls). The Cigar Makers. Trolleymen and Plumbers are represented bv deb-gate- in both Chicopee and Springfield Central bodies. Central Labor Union* History 11" The present officers are: President — John W. Williams. Vice-President — Arthur Vesper (of Springfield). Financial and Recording Secretary — M. A. Morrissey. Treasurer — L. O. Fournier. Sergeant-at-Arms — Patrick Mortell. The union meets on the third Sunday of every month in the Postoffice block. Westfield Central Labor Union Westfield Central Labor Union has a particularly interesting history; therefore, it is with regret that we find it necessary (owing to limited space) to confine this article to an outline of its records and achievements. In fact, an account of L. A. Bolio's experiences in the labor field would fill a book well worth perusal. The relationship between the Westfield and Springfield Central bodies is JAMES C. GENEROUS President of Westfield Central Labor Union close, the Cigar Makers" and Trolleymen*s Unions having representation in both Central organizations. Westfield Central Labor Union was organized August 5, lSdo, with the following officers : President — L. A. Bolio. Vice-President — M. J. Rowland. Corresponding and Financial Secretary — G. A. Herdman. Treasurer — \\*. G. Wesson. Recording Secretary — T. T. Campbell. Sergeant-at-Arms — William R. Howard. Trustees — II. R. Davidson, J. II. Clifford. James E. Kirwin. Auditors— L. H. Sackett, 11. R. Halev. William Horan. Central Labor Union History 119 The union affiliated with the State Branch. American Federation of Labor, in 1896. A charter obtained from the American Federation of Labor, dated February 26, 1912, bears the titles of the following unions: Barbers, Xo. .33; * Molders, Xo. 95; Carpenters, Xo. 222; Metal Polishers, Xo. SO; Painters. Xo. 290; Bartenders, Xo. 82; Cigar Makers, Xo. 28; Musicians, Xo. 91; Retail Clerks, Xo. 170; Teamsters, Xo. 349; Moving Picture Operators, Xo. ISO; Trolleymen, Xo. 12. At the second meeting of the organization an ambitious project, for a new union to undertake, was discussed and immediate steps were taken to begin work upon it. The result was one of the finest parades and field days ever held in Westfield. The financial returns were large, and the records indicate L. A. BOLIO First President of Westfield Central Union remarkable ability and earnest work on the part of the committee which had the enterprise in charge. The general committee was made up as follows: Carpenters' Union, F. Hall, G. A. Ilerdman; Painters. M. J. Rowland. \Y. R. Howard: Casket Hardware Workers. William Horan, J. 11. Clifford; Cigar Makers. James Kirwin. Oscar Rein. Sub-committees — Grove, Rerwin. Houghton, Clifford; music. Wesson. Hall, Haley; refreshments, Davidson. Horan. Bein ; platform. Hale, Gooley, Herd- man: lights, Kirwin, Haley, Herrick : printing, Campbell. Haley. Anthony; dancing, Herrick, Horan, Haley; sports. Wesson. Clifford, Halev. L. II. Sackett was elected marshal of the daw 120 Central Labor Union History While there have been adverse circumstances and strong opposition at times, the work of Westfield Central Labor Union has been remarkably successful. Among the features of its history which reflect particular credit upon the organization are its famous field days and its efficient work in organizing, guiding and supporting (in the moral sense) the individual unions. Prominent among the labor leaders of Massachusetts is L. A. Bolio, a contemporary of Bishop X. Saltus and Jeremiah F. Mahoney in the work of building a grand fraternal structure among the labor organizations of this section. Air. Bolio is still active in the work, and his wise counsel and sound judgment are valuable to both organization and individual. Mr. Bolio served as president until about five years ago. The present officers of the union are: President — James C. Generous. Vice-President — J. C. Geary. Financial Secretary and Treasurer — II. L. Thatcher. Recording Secretary — Michael J. Ferriter. Sergeant-at-Arms — George Calkins. Westfield Central Labor Union is now preparing plans for a Labor Day parade and field day to be held this year, which is expected to be one of the best ever held in the county. All labor organizations of Springfield, Holyoke and Chicopee have been invited to participate and will doubtless be well represented. At a special meeting, May 19, the committee will present, complete plans for the celebration. The Ludlow Strike If for no other reason than the action taken in connection with the Ludlow strike, toward the end of 1009, the Central Labor Union justified its existence. The cause of the trouble between the Ludlow Manufacturing Associates and a section of the Polish employes was immaterial and, owing to there being no organization connected with the strike, the Central Labor Union really had no license to interfere, but the action of the authorities in evicting the poor people from their homes in the bitter November weather was a com- pelling cause and from motives of humanity alone the interference was justified. The trouble really started bv the refusal of thirty-six bobbin bovs to accept a cut oi 50 cents a week from their meagre pittance of $5. Thev, upon being informed of the proposed cut in their wages, retaliated bv submitting a request lor 50 cents a week more, and upon the refusal of their emplovers to concede this point, immediately struck work. Their particular portion of the work was then banded over to the weavers. These workers, being on the piece system, found it impossible to make a living wage with the bobbin bovs' work forced on them, and 200 weavers followed the example of the bovs and quit their looms. Two weeks later the Associates made a fresh proposition, calling the original striking boys together and offering them the extra 50 cents demanded, but cutting the weavers down four cents on the rule, making their piece scale 20 cents on the rule instead of the 2-1 cents thev had been receiving. The new proposal, while agreeable to the boys, caused some indignation among the weavers, and they refused emphatically to come to any such terms. I lie- Ludlow Associates thereupon began importing strike breakers, taking a number of Creeks into the nulls. This proceeding raised the ire of the remainder of the emploves and thev went out in sympathy with the weavers. ['Tench, Scotch and Polish people were now involved in the strike, and the management changed tactics and sent awav the strike breakers. Thev. bow- ever, again refused to concede a single cent to the weavers and the battle roval was on. An ultimatum wa.s then issued in behalf of the strikers to the company. Thev insisted that unless arbitration resulted differeutlv they would go back to work on the following terms: The companv to pav the weavers the wages they were receiving before the strike, or. if the cut were conceded by the weavers, the win le of the employes receiving less than S'.i a week to receive an increase of 5 per cent. The weaver- had hitherto been receiving for their piece work only about $10.50, ad the proposition put up to the management would reduce them about $1.50 a week. This would have solved the difficulty for the time being, hut the employers refused to recede from their original position with regard to the weaver- and utterly repudiated the proposal to concede a general raise oi wages. In furtherance of their scheme to bend the strikers to their will, the Asso- ciates then commenced a -cries of persecution- and ultimately evicted a number of their emploves from the home- thev rented from the companv. I he first batch evicted was sixteen families, these comprising many boarder-, and it i- computed that this first effort of the company rendered homeless some .'100 people. The scene in the streets of Ludlow was a pitiful one. Piles of furni- 122 Central Lahor L'xion History tare were strewed around the streets, their owners sitting disconsolately by. many with infants in their arms and little children hovering round, too young to comprehend the trouble that had fallen on their parents. The streets rapidly took on the appearance of a camp, many improvising tents from bed clothing and erecting their conking stoves underneath. In one case tlie stove was removed from the house while the dinner was in process <>\ cooking and the family, in no way disconcerted, resumed their preparations for the midday meal and actually ate their dinner in the open. These tactics in no way helped the mill owners and sympathy rapidly accumulated for the striker-. Practical sympathy, too. for on the suggestion of John Hall. Jr.. the West Springfield Socialist and philanthropist, a number of cigar boxes were placed on top of the piles of furniture and quite a harvest of coins was raised by this means. This suggestion of Mr. Hall's was followed up by that gentleman by the importation from his own gardens of cartloads of vegetables, which were distributed where they would do the most good, and other mer- chants taking up the burden in a liberal spirit, cartloads of bread following, together with barrels of crackers, meats and other eatables. The strikers were, though in a pitiable plight, not allowed to go hungry, though they were homeless. A walk down the streets where these people had been herded together one morning after the evictions revealed thirty mothers with infants clasped to their breasts, many of the women barefoot and half of them insufficiently clad, hardly proof against the sharp air of a November morning. Among the piles of furniture were to be seen many crucifixes, cherished for the old home associations, a family altar six feet in height, which had been used for private family worship, beds, bedding and every conceivable utensil that went to make up the home of the mill worker. Whether anticipatory of trouble or not. a circular had been sent a year prior to this to 1'oland. of which the following is a free translation — the circular was printed in Polish and other kindred languages. It read: The town of Ludlow, Alas-., is a very beautiful town near the Chicopee river. It is not far from another beautiful place, the big city, Springfield. It take.- only a half-hour's ride by electric car to Springfield, and a same amount of time to ride to Chicopee and Chicopee Falls. Ludlow has a population of 5. 0(H) people. 2.000 being Polish. There- are in this neighborhood 0. 000 Polish. Ludlow has a state savings bank which has $45o.OiiO capital. The biggest share of this money belongs to Polish people. Quite a few Polish people have beautiful home-. The town has three free public schools. It also has a Roman Catholic Polish church. It has a Polish organization of St. Michael, and other Polish societies. There are Polish stores. The church is under the management of Father Stanislaw Czelusniak. He is considered a responsible Polish priest, and his words should be believed by everybody. Provisions and living in Ludlow are very cheap. All the houses are- made with modern improvements. There i- water in every house in the town. Lent- are as follow-: Four-room tenement-. $;"» to $(i a month. Six-room tenements. $7 to $7..">0 a month. Fisrht-room tenement-. $11 a month. Central Labor Union History 123 The eight-room tenements are very handy for keeping boarders and roomers. People get S3 a month from each boarder. This includes washing. J n Ludlow factory there arc working 2.500. < ine-half of them are Polish men and women from fourteen years old up. Fifty-live hour- make a week's work. The factory buildings are very clean and nice. Every member in the family from fourteen years old up can get work. You can keep house for very small expense. Weekly wages follow: Bovs and girls, from $5 to $0.50. Women spinners, from $0.7-5 to $9.25. Women on frames, from $5.50 to $7. Women on machines, from $7.50 to $10. Men packing webbing, from $0.75 to $9.25. Men weavers, from $10 to $13. We can use many hands in the factory. Xew buildings are being built all the time, and we can always give work to new hands. Ludlow. Mass.. 1907. To My Polish Brothers: Mv dear brothers all over Poland. I have pleasure to introduce and recommend this place as one of the best places, and I hope all will come and make a success here. Everything above is true in this circular, and those who come here will establish themselves well. Stanislaw Czelusniak, Priest. ( )rders were issued from Washington to institute proceedings against the Associates under the Alien Contract labor law, it being alleged that the cir- cular named had been a factor in inducing several hundred Poles and Hun- garians to leave their homes and come to America. The action taken by the authorities was an indirect means of bringing order out of chaos and peace to the troubled village. The following statement by one of the leading officials, showing the attitude of the company to the affair, was published a few davs after the evictions started : "People who are belching over with sympathy should waste it on the oper- atives who have been stoned in Ludlow because they refused to work. People- in general do not appreciate what we have done for the Poles. They say our actions savor of the mediaeval ages, but I want to say that 1 and the Ludlow company have done more lor the Poles than anybody or any organization in this state. 1 know these people, and I have treated them like men and women. When they had grievances I attended to them immediately, and 1 have not left one stone unturned to give them protection in everv possible way. Xow they turn around and act disgracefully and shamefully. "We are hiring anvbodv that comes along. We don't regard them as strike breakers, either. They are simply men and women who are anxious to work, and we are going to give them work. This morning we took in sixty people from surrounding towns and we are going to keep on hiring until every machine in our mills is in operation. We will take ITench. Irish. Creeks. Italians and those of anv other nationality who desire to work. 124 Central Labor Union History "Public sympathizers have called us animals and inhuman; instead, we are the ones who have been treated like brutes. "The Poles know that they cannot better themselves anywhere else, and that is why they are sticking here. ^ "The work that has been done by the Poles in our mills is not skilled labor. As a matter of fact, it is crude, elementary work that can be done by almost any immigrant right off a steamship. It can be picked up and learned thoroughly in a very few days. It is not a high-paid work, we will agree, but it compares favorably with wages paid in any of the cotton mills in Massachusetts. "The Poles are a poor, misguided people. They are being led around by the nose by the younger set of Poles whose heads have been swelled by more money than they ever received before in their lives. Thev wear red neckties, green hats and fancy shoes and strut around the town as if the very universe swung on the policies that they have mapped out. Literally, thev have advised their older brethren to cut off their noses to spite their faces. Put the burden i if this piece of folly will fall upon the men and women who have families dependent upon them." This shows the attitude of the company, who practically dictated to the uneducated foreigner and stranger within our gates. The arbitration board was suggested as a means of solving the difficulty, and here the Central Labor Union came into the struggle. A committee of the Central Labor Union was chosen to proceed to Ludlow with a view to ascertaining the exact state of affairs. The people were found to be in a deplorable condition and suspicious of everv English-speaking person that approached them. Nothing, in fact, could be done with such an unwieldy committee as had been appointed and the committee finallv resolved itself into a committee of one. in the person of George YVrenn. Following up the suggestion of Mr. Hall of West Springfield, who had continued his philanthropic effort.- bv sending along daily a cartload of vege- tables. Walter LaFrancis organized a body of the striking girls and. advancing the money for gypsy kettles, had a number of tripods made and placed them along Main and other streets in Springfield with a placard to appeal for practical help for the persecuted ones. The scheme was an instant success, for the first day's takings footed up to several hundred dollars. The plan was extended and embraced the outlying districts, and thus immediate neces- sities were met pending a settlement of the strike. Leaving Mr. Wrenn in charge of affair- locally, the rest of the committee came to Springfield and put the state of affairs before Mayor Sanderson. That gentleman was unwilling to interfere at fir-t and claimed that it was out of his jurisdiction. The evictions were going on and argument finally overcame the prejudice of 11 is Honor, and Mr. Gradv, one of the committee, induced him to call Boston on the long-distance "phone. Mr. Grady took the wire on behalf of the mavor and succeeded in interesting the proper authorities in Boston and a promise was obtained that the board would visit Ludlow imme- diately. They came, but the suspicious nature of the Pole- and the stubborn attitu.de of the Ludlow Manufacturing Associates officials rendered their visit futile, and thev went back to Boston without accomplishing anything. Lieu- tenant-Governor Frothingham was appealed to to endeavor to stop the evictions and counsel was engaged in this citv bv the Central Labor Union to look up Central Labor Union History 125 precedents in the matter. The lieutenant-governor, who was at that time acting governor, was on a visit to the Northampton institution for the insane, and his activity was a means of preventing further evictions. Meanwhile the Central Lahor Union committee had not been idle locally. Appeals were sent out to the locals and in a short time money began to pour in from this source, between $2,000 and $2,500 being sent to Joseph Koroski, who was treasurer of the relief committee in Ludlow. .Many boxes of clothing were collected by John Hurley from various sources, and barrels of crackers and bread were being sent into the town. A large meeting was held at Foster's Hall, Indian Orchard, the Polish people attending in hundreds and being packed like sardines in a barrel. It was suggested that the people return to work. The company had come to an arrangement with them and wished to have the .'5,000 strikers go to work at once, it was pointed out by Mr. Hennessey that such a feat as placing so manv bands at once would be almost impossible, and finally a compromise was effected, to take the strikers back 150 at a time. Trouble started the first day. for when the first 150 arrived in the shops they found a number of Greeks at work, and thev immediately left the place and refused to work with them. This was a misunderstanding, and Mr. Wrenn once more interviewed both sides to the dispute and straightened matters out. When matters were at their worst in the village. Rev. George Venn Daniels of Carew Street Baptist Church visited the scene of the trouble and his views were so pointed that thev are worth reproducing. "And over the pile of stuff that made up their household goods, thev had set up the Stars and Stripes, and there in the streets of Ludlow 1 blushed for the flag of my adopted country," so the reverend gentleman described the appear- ance of an evicted family in the streets of Ludlow. Mr. Daniels, who had made a visit through the town one afternoon, spoke extemporaneously the same night, denouncing the action oi the owners in turning the families into the streets. He drew a lesson from his visit to the stricken community, saving: "These people have come from Poland, over which Russia lias set its iron heel. Thev come here to find civilization and justice, and even it thev are in the wrong as strikers, thev deserve a square deal." lie told of some of the sufferings ,>f the people of the town and drew graphically the picture oi a lamilv turned out by sheriffs and a sick baby sent to the hospital. Mr. Daniels said: "These reports in the newspapers make us blush for shame when we read them, the massacres and evictions in Russia and the evictions of tenants in Ireland. We feel for those who suffer in that frost- bound land of Northern Europe, and the tenants evicted in Ireland. "Then we sav : 'Thank God that we live in a country where men are free and equal and have liberty oi conscience and lives. Where oppression never c< Hues and we set- no evictions." "In the good old state of Massachusetts and in religious Springfield, this very afternoon I saw little children and women sobbing near piles of their household goods in our streets, for Indian < trcbard is part of our city. Tonight thev have no covering over their beads, and I thank God that the weather is not near zero. "Somehow inv svmpathies are with the under dog. It can never be right for wealth to turn women and children out ot homes into the streets. The 12fi Central Labor Union History people went nut. not because they wouldn't pay rent, or because they couldn't pay rent, but because the owners wanted them out. "( ) devasted Russia, landlord ridden Ireland, free Massachusetts and religious Springfield! 1 saw this afternoon a girl who had worked in the mills for five years, three of the years at $4 a week, .and in the later years she supported a husband who could not work because he had consumption, thrown out into the streets! "I am told that there are few companies in the state that make the profit that this one does. The highest wages I heard of were $12 a week, and most of them -poke of earning SO cents a day. A man cannot own more than two automobiles on that pay. "I haven't always been in sympathy with the actions of some labor unions where trouble has been stirred up by a delegate who has to earn his pay, but when people are turned out of their home I would be ashamed to stand here and not speak of it. "It is a lasting stain on a country, a state and a city, to have such a thing happen, and if it is law. let us change the law. You would have felt better if the people had only made some resistance, but they took it all humbly without disturbance.'' But there is another side to this Ludlow strike which has been but lightly touched i'ii. and it is only justice to the Ludlow Manufacturing Associates that it should be set forth. It justifies the claim set forth in the circular sent, whether wisely or not, to Europe, that the village was a model one. Since !>»*<> it has been the aim of the company to make the village a model for the class of textile worker that they employ, and it is -ate to say that had there been an intelligent organization to handle the difficulty at the commencement, the strike could have been avoided. Many weightier and important questions have been handled since this strike was called and little difficulty ha- been experienced in obtaining a settlement. The lines upon wdiich the Associates have worked have been philanthropic — at HA per cent. This is not an exces- sive return on the money invested, considering the price paid for real estate these days. For manv years Ludlow has been described as one of the "model" manu- facturing communities of the world. It has been listed with Whitinsville, Hopedale. Oak Lark in Willimantic. Conn., the National Cash Register Com- panv's community in Dayton. ( ).. and similar communities throughout the countrv. Investigators have visited the town and looked into condition.-, and most of them have reported that the company was fining great good for its employes. In an article in the Springfield Union the writer, after discussing the rea- sons for -trikes in model communities, says: It is true that the Ludlow Manufacturing Associates have long been active in "welfare work." a- it is called. Among their institutions are a textile school, evening school for foreigner.-, evening technical school, hospital, girls' boarding house. Stevens Memorial building with its gymnasium, swimming pool, library, reading rooms, girls' parlor, recreation room, pool room, bowling allevs, sewing classes, cooking classes and other classes, athletic field, summer camp. bank, church and -mailer institutions. It leases the high school building to the town, and supports tlie Hubbard Memorial library, which was given to the town as a memorial to Charles T. Hubbard, who started the welfare work that is now Central Labor Union History 127 being carried on. It is said the welfare work has cost the company $200,000 in the last fifteen years. Conditions would indicate that those who are being "'lifted" do not care for the lift, although no one who has investigated can help admitting that they are better housed and have more advantages than can be found in most factory towns. In his brief submitted at the time of the tariff hearings to the congressional wavs and means committee, the president of the Ludlow Manufacturing Asso- ciates. Cranmore X. Wallace of Boston, had the following to say about the welfare work in Ludlow: "Compare this condition of living (in India) with the great attention paid to improving the conditions of the employes at Ludlow, and to the large amount of money expended for this purpose; all of which is a tax on the industry and has to be paid for out of the earnings. This social improvement may be considered as additional wages, or, as it has been styled, a 'dividend to labor." "The Ludlow Manufacturing Associates have always paid great attention to the welfare of their employes. In the United States census of 1SS0 three Xew England villages were selected as representing the highest types of housing for manufacturing employes, Ludlow being one. "Since !>><• it has been the ambition of the Ludlow managers to make the village of Ludlow a model for other manufacturers to copy, and we submit that there is not to be found in the United States a village, employing the class of textile labor employed by its. that can show better housing conditions or more facilities for thrift, education and recreation. "Believing that a sound and healthy municipal life is dependent upon the soundness of the individual home, and that such homes are fostered by indi- vidual houses, the company has built up a cottage community. This form of housing is much more expensive than housing in cheap tenements r the cottages, however, are rented at about one-half the cost charged for similar cottages in the neighborhood. The average weekly charge for these cottages is on a basis of :1 s cents a room In this way the Ludlow Manu- facturing Associates are trying (and we think successfully) to Americanize the foreigners, make better citizens of their other employes and to solve the problem of the relationship between labor and capital. "We consider that in all these ways the people of the village are sharers in the prosperity of the concern. All this takes thought, time and money; and to the best of our knowledge and belief nothing of the sort is being done in I )undee and ( 'alcutta." The above, in a nutshell, continues the ('itii)ii writer, is the Associates' statement of its reasons for conducting the welfare work now so much dis- cussed. It sounds good, but doubt arises as to whether this welfare work is wholly a "tax on the industry," a "dividend to labor" or to be "considered as additional wages." Although we have the statement of Agent Stevens and Mr. Wallace to the effect that the tenement houses are not an investment, and that, indeed, some- times thev do not more than meet interest charge-, we also have the statement of ILidgett Meakin. the English sociologist, who says, in his book. "Model Factories and Villages." with relation to Ludlow: "The rent- charged provide a payment of ' _> per cent on the capital invested, but this return to the shareholders is wisely held to include the better and steadier class of workers thereby attracted, and the consequent saying of friction and waste." Three L2S ( extral Labor Uxiox History and one-half per cent interest is nearly as much as the Poles and Americans, for that matter, who deposit money in savings hanks, art' allowed on their money. Rut it is only justice to the company to state that in per cent is commonly the lowest aeeeptahle return on real estate, and in letting out its houses for a 3A per cent return the Associates cannot he accused of grinding down their tenants. The Stevens Memorial huilding is an admirahle structure. It was built within the last few years, and equipped at cost approaching $40,000. The gymnasium is one of the finest in Massachusetts, and can he transformed into an assembly hall when occasion demands. The Associates have a social secre- tary who arrange.^ classes of girls in various household industries, sewing. cooking, dishwashing, making a coal fire, cleaning glass, silverware, greasv dishes and pans, etc. The secretary also enrolls the children and girls in gymnastic classes, helps the older girls to form habits of neatness and cleanli- ness, and improve their condition in other ways. The huilding has a hand- somely appointed reading room, where periodicals dealing with all subjects are on file, and which is well patronized in the fall and winter. Various clubs are organized for social and educational uplift, classes for the teaching of English to Poles and Italians, and other special classes. All of these move- ments are practically free to those of the townspeople who wish to take advantage of them. A slight charge is made (differing according to the courses that are taken) to make the courses more valuable, for it is commonly appreciated that a thing one has to pay something for is regarded as much more valuable than something obtained without cost. The textile school is another means the Associates have employed for the betterment of their workers. This school is not wholly benevolent, although the companv conducts it free of charge and even pays its employes to attend it. A competent instructor is at the head of this school. Boys between the ages of 14 and IS are taken from the mill and placed in this school, where thev studv half the day. working the other half, the company paving them full-time wages. Thev are taught the elements of woodworking, turning, iron working, knife and bench work, drafting and other important practical branches of education. The textile school occupies the huilding formerly used for an office. The object of the company in keeping up the school is to educate its employes to become foremen of rooms and departments. In the past the company has been compelled to go abroad for a foreman when one has removed from town or died. Methods are different in different factories, and the company believes that by training its own foremen it can get better results in the future. The brightest bovs are taken from the carious departments, and until the strike came the company had regarded the textile school as the most important and successful of its welfare institutions. The Ludlow Hospital Society has been recently established. Every employe of the company is entitled to be a member of the society, the fee being nominal. Yet with all the advantages (.'numerated, employes will strike-. Why? Employers are pessimistic and attribute the difficulty they ever experience to the suspicious nature of the illiterate foreigner and say the answer is to be found in demagogerv. Out of the stress and strife of this difficulty was born Textile Workers. Xo. 72<>, which will, it is fondly hoped, prevent further trouble in Ludlow textile circles. The Co-Operative Laundry Probably the most disastrous enterprise with which the Central Labor Union has been connected in its twenty-five years of existence was the origination and carrying on of the co-operative laundry, which, after some trouble with local laundries, was started in May. 1905, with the purchase of $."»<"• worth of stock. Hie local unions were interested in the scheme and money poiired in to help along the grand effort, it being estimated that between $10,000 and $12,000 was placed in the treasury of the laundry committee. The idea was to have one of the best-equipped laundries in the country and. in addition to expensive machinery, the high-priced help and excellent wages paid to the rank and file, an excellent system of utilizing the waste was inaugurated. The highly priced superintendents were found to know very little about their business, and as fast as their inefficiency was discovered they wen- replaced by other men. much money being expended in finding the right man. who. alas, was newer found. Even before organization was effected, a sum of S 1 .t'.i i< ) was subscribed for stock, and at the meeting to organize, which was held in the Central Labor L'nion Hall, the following hoard of officers was chosen : President — (ohn C. Bennett. Treasurer — Walter J. La Francis. ( lerk — ( ieorge \ T incens. Directors — The president and treasurer, ex officio. M. I. Keliher, \Y. II. Grady. Henry L. Thomas, Paul II. Rappold. Joseph \Y. (riddle, hdwin ( ). Dodge and Freeman Dishav. The articles oi incorporation were based on an English co-operative society. the Rochdale (Lancashire) plan, which had met with a great deal of success in the old country. The capital stock of the company was $."),000, but. as has been said, money poured in like water. The new laundry started in on too big a scale, however, and mismanage- ment, added to its other difficulties, soon told its tale, and the venture, after a precarious career of a little over a year. died, the union- in the city not having come to it> support with that enthusiasm that was anticipated. Richard Hennessey had always opposed the scheme, but many others thought highly of it. even to risking their personal funds in it. Finally. George Lavne was put in when the end was inevitable, and that useful member in his managerial capacity saved some ot the wreck for the shareholder-. The venture tauglu the delegates such a lesson that it is improbable the Central Labor L'nion will "D into business again on it< own account. Some Notable Speeches Manv notable speakers have from time to time addressed the delegates to the Central Labor Union, the inauguration of the "Educational hour" by the body a couple of years ago bringing speakers of all classes and creeds to the platform. Among the many notable talks, a short address by Rev. Dr. Frank \Y. Merrick, the fraternal delegate from the Ministers' Association, stands out, and the wish was expressed by many delegates that it should be preserved. The McXamara trials had been concluded and the Lawrence strike was a disturbing clement at the time, and the reverend gentleman's remarks could not lie delivered in person, owing to duties that prevented his attendance at the meeting in February of this year. A summary was read by Financial Secretary Charles B. Porter, to whom the doctor had entrusted the delivery of his message. The summary is in substance as follows: "I need not remind you that, industrially, these are strenuous daws. Every- body, to some degree, feels the situation. The words and deed- of manv are- hysterical and often are either foolish or wicked. Under these conditions, I wish to call your attention to several matters of common interest. The first is the type of industrial leadership demanded. This is both a eountrv-wide and even a world-wide interest, and it is especially a locality and a trade interest. On another occasion, when speaking before the local Typographical Lnion. I called the attention of those present to the kind of leadership that every useful organization should have and that is especially demanded now in the industrial field. Without repeating what I said on that occasion, let me remind this Central body that there is no greater question before organized labor today, for it not only involves the internal peace and growth of the organization but also the good will of the public, which is the greatest asset any body of men can have. "The unfortunate condition at Lawrence in our Commonwealth is a good illustration. A large section of the general community was quite sympathetic toward the strikers, but the sympathy has decidedly waned since the coming of certain would-be labor leaders, who have not the confidence of the disinterested portion of the public. Again, certain persons prominent in labor circles and among labor's professed friends are today under investigation. The govern- ment seems to lie quite impartial in this function. Under the circumstances, you and I and every other good citizen should put no block in the wav of fair and impartial justice, but rather lend our assistance to everything which means intelligence through publicity and justice through fair treatment of all concerned. | Manv warrant- were at the time out for labor leaders in all sec- tions of the country in connection with the dynamite outrages for which the McXamara brother- were convicted. — Ed.] "Once more it i- to the credit of organized labor that, despite some wretched treatment that it has received recently at the hand- of some of its public exponents, it hold- the good will and respect of manv leader- of public opinion whose sympathy i- an asset not to be ignored. I refer particularly to Louis IX lirandeis and ( irafton I), dishing, speaker of the Massachusetts I louse of Representatives, whose recent word- relative to the situation at Lawrence are worth}' ot the attention of every citizen of the Commonwealth. No better apology for labor organisation has been given out in a long time Central Labor Union History 131 than that in Mr. Brandeis' words; while the square insistence upon publicity and justice in industrial enterprise is genuinely honorable on the part of the speaker of the House. Air. Lushing." The address before the Typographical Union, mentioned by Dr. Merrick, was delivered on the occasion of an open invitation by that body to non-union members of the craft in an endeavor' to show them the advantages to be derived from organization. The address goes more fully into the question of leadership, and is here reproduced by the courtesy of the speaker: '"It is a pleasure to accept the courtesy of the invitation of the Typo- graphical Union to be present today and. with others, say a few words appro- priate, I trust, to the occasion and the season. Let me tell you first of all how thoroughly I appreciate the generous spirit and wisdom vou have shown m opening your doors today and extending your hospitality to non-union printers. To them as well as to you I am glad to say that 1 believe in organized labor, the trade union, as 1 believe in organized business, the firm. corporation or board of trade: in organized education, the school; in organized and efficient government, the state; and in organized religion, the church, benefits shared create responsibilities that should be fulfilled. "I wish to call your attention today to the subject of 'Leadership.' a theme just now particularly appropriate everywhere, and reinforced bv the season of the Advent in the calendar of the Christian church. One of the most refreshing evidences oi the essential sanity of the great body of organized labor throughout our country today is its own utterances on the subject of leadership and determination widely expressed that it- leadership -hall become more and more worth}' of itself and of the host- that follow, The old game of the playground, 'follow your leader.' i- suggestive. It is an earlv evidence of the need and the demand in human kind for leadership. We are something more than a herd, but we are a herd. Personality i- the roi t idea in leader-hip. Without it leadership cannot be. With it. whatever else appears, leadership will remain. "It is too commonly thought thru 'a pull' is necessary to attain leader-hip; but it is more often true that the leader-hip make- the pull than the reverse of the proposition. Leader-hip can exist without learning, culture, wealth, high birth or exalted position; and it persists with defects and. even with petty vices, because rooted in some indefinable charm or strength in the personality. Leader-hip oi the best kind must always he associated, however, with a cer- tain rugged honesty, -ingle-hearted purpose, broad intelligence and genuine sympathy. The great social movements of the dav are conspicuous instances of mv meaning, for example, the social legislation program oi the present liberal government in Lngland. under the prime minister. Mr. Asquith. and the chancellor of the exchequer. Mr. (leorge. is a fine illustration of mv mean- ing. The attainments oi the past four years in Parliament have been possible because these men have led. and their boldnes- in proclaiming their program for the future, wherebv they theoretically risk being 'tipped out.' i- proof Hi" what honest courageous leader-hip can do. "Leadership in a democracy is highly important, and under that condition too great emphasis cannot be laid upon it. In the future, more than before, the quality of the following will be such that not only in the unusual ex peri en ce- nt' storm and peril, but in the daily ongoing oi mir great enterprises, leader-hip will be demanded. The boss must go; but the leader nm-t remain. It i- for Central Lauor Union History such a purpose as this, in Mich a time as ours, that the great opportunity and duty i>t organized labor must he made clear." The last address prior to the publication of this hook delivered bv Dr. Merrick on May trike. the label, etc. "In support of my position, let me call your attention to a single instance in the recent life of the International Workers of the World, the rival organi- zation to the American Federation of Labor. A call was issued by Local l'."> of the International Workers of the World to the broad-silk weavers at Paterson, X. I., to "march out of the shops like men who comprehend their might. Workers, vou are the only necessary class in society." I o the call a warning was attached: 'Give no one the slightest pretext to call you dis- orderly: practice no physical force whatever upon your opponents.' Here was a strike without violence or picketing, and with no demand for the closed shop or the recognition of the union, and the strike succeeded in a brief time. "Three months' patient work in organization preceded the strike. Here is food for thought, for the federation's leaders, and for the public, on account of the successful appeal to class spirit. This last feature is even more dis- tressing than a strike would have been, though accompanied with some violence. "The attention of organized labor needs to be called to the panaceas that are being offered on the one band, and to the substantial efforts being made on the other for the advancement ot the industrial part of the community. .\'ot onlv are initiative and referendum terms to ju^sfle with just now. but also Central Labor Uxiox History 133 that term, the recall, applied to the judiciary as well as to the executive func- tion of government. A fundamental distinction is to he made on this subject between the executive and the judicial phases of our constitutional life, a distinction which the President of the United States has called our attention to. very justly, in recent months. "'.Moreover, substantial progress is being made in the government's attitude toward wage-earners. I refer particularly to the act establishing the children's bureau, the federal compensation bill and the bill establishing a federal com- mission on industrial relations. President Taft is entitled to gratitude and honor for the friendly attitude taken upon all these questions, and the cheap talk that has been heard in the United States Senate is in radical distinction to the sane .attitude of the President. One distinguished senator has the effrontery to suggest that wage-earners will forego their right to sue for damages tmder the common law of the states, as he says they would do if the measure becomes a federal law. To sue and to be sued, a great privilege indeed! Dr. Edward T. Devine is my authority for the following statement as tn injuries in industrial occupations of which instances he had knowledge: 'Within three months c;f 1 iK 17'. eleven men settled with their employers for the loss of an eve. ( hie of them received $200, two each $150, one $1011, one $?5, two $50, one $4\ and three nothing at all. ['"or the loss of an arm one man received $30(1, and two received nothing. Two employes received $100 each for the loss of two lingers, and five others for an identical injurv received nothing. Por the loss of a leg the sums paid in >ix instances were $225, $175, $150, $l(t(l, $r>5 and nothing.' 'To sue and be sued." Yea! verily. Pet us have assured and stated compensation as a matter of justice and as a means of -axing life. "These are some of the suggestions that demand from you as citizens as well as wage-earners, most earnest thought and high-minded endeavor in behalf of the common interest." While on the subject of important speeches delivered on behalf of labor. some remark- bv Rev. (ieorge Venn Daniels, pastor of Carew Street Baptist Church, following a banquet in which Messrs. Gompers and Mitchell ot the American Pederation of Labor were described as "Vampires." and which was held in this city, are apt and worthy of reproduction. The substance follows: "The president of the Employers' Association." he said, "made a mistake when he called .Mitchell and ( iompers of the American Pederation ol Labor 'Vampires of Societv.' I must confess that when I read that speech my heart became hot within me. The word vampire is of such a character that it ought to be used with extreme care. When you call leaders of the people vampires ample justification ought to be had. It was a piece of base ingratitude to thus class those men of labor. In plain Anglo Saxon, a vampire is a blond sucker. This is not a nice word, but it is a true one. There are plenty of blood -iicker- in the bodv politic; under inordinate greed and mate selfishness we can class most of society's vampires. "I low about this unfair distribution of the product of labor? When you find that life necessities have emptied your purse before the week is done. don't for one minute think that this land i- poverty stricken. It is because of an unfair distribution to the average wage-earner. In the United State- each vear are produced commodities amounting roughly to enough to give each wage-earner $2,500 per annum. l-')4 Central Labor Union History "Hoes any wage-earner get this? What he gets averages about $500 per year. The difference between the $2,500 and the $50<) spells out the way the product of labor is distributed. Capital says to labor: 'There are six davs you must work. I will take the product of five davs and you mav have the product of one day with which to support your family and give them the necessities of life.' I tell you there is something wrong with the industrial system in this country. It is more than wrong when it permits men to starve who are willing to work. Take a look at the case of that carpenter, who, after walking the streets of Xew York for days looking for something to do. hurled a pair of Indian clubs through the broad windows of the Waldorf-Astoria, where he- could see people amidst glitter and plenty. The carpenter said to the judge in court, who asked him why he did the act. T was so hungry that I think that my mind must have left me." "I tell you people there is something wrong when a skilled mechanic like that comes to such a pass. Took at the case of Charles A. Potts, in this city, who fell in a faint from hunger in the Raymond Hotel, and think a little about a poor woman in Brooklyn who took her baby in her arms and went out in search of food. When she was picked up by the police, she said as she handed her baby over to the sergeant, 'It's smaller than when it was born.' Yes. it was smaller, and it was dead. While all this is going on, a fool son of a millionaire is giving a dinner at Rector's to twenty actresses at $1,000 a plate. I tell you again there is something radically wrong when men starve looking for work while others waste unearned substance. Who. then, are the vampires of society? Did you ever hear of a member of the Employers' Association starving to death? Did you ever hear of a trust magnate going broke, with the exception of Morse, who was caught? "Between the people and the money power at the present time only stands labor, and in some cases the church of Jesus Christ. The workers are in the position of Oliver Twist and they are now impelled by necessity to say. T want more.' "The other dav I saw eleven advertisements of people with money to lend. Thev are monev sharks, and every newspaper should refuse the use of their columns to these blood suckers. They get hold of the young man who is broke: they pull him into the meshes of debt so tight that they own him body and soul, and thev bleed him until he has not a drop of blood or self-respect left. You borrow $10 from them and before you know it they have got you into their clutches for $100. Then people wonder why young men lose their positions and embezzle. "A Woman's Christian Temperance Union member approaches me and puts the curse on the rum traffic, but I have to smile when I learn that she is using a patent medicine which T know contains forty-four per cent of alcohol. These patent medicines are simply schemes with which to rob the public, and the editors of religious papers who use their advertisements know that they are fakes." The Central Labor Union Banquet On Wednesday evening, May >, 1012. a large company of labor men and their friends gathered in the Highland lb tel, to celebrate the twenty-fifth anni- versary of the founding of the Central Labor Union of Springfield, then known as the Springfield Confederation of Labor. Many of the men were accom- panied bv their wives. Every affiliated labor body in the city and many out- of-town organizations were represented. The toastmaster. James S. Sher- burne, welcomed the guests on behalf of the union, and Lew Dr. F. \V. Merrick asked the blessing. The company then proceeded to enjoy one oi Landlord Sievers' best productions in the culinary line, while -killed musicians, under the leadership of Charles S. < )'Regan, discoursed appropriate music. After the tables had been cleared, cigars presented to the men and con- fectionery to the ladies, the toastmaster, James S. Sherburne, in calling the gathering to order, said: "Springfield Confederation of Labor was organized May S. l-^b by repre- sentatives of the Cigar Makers', Tailors'. Carpenters' and Typographical Unions, and a charter was obtained. February 25. 1 >1»7 . from the American Federation of Labor, since which time the organization has been known as the Springfield Central Labor Union. In the early days the work consisted largelv in the organization of unions among the crafts and strengthening the weaker bodies. Manv controversies relating to wages and general conditions were brought to an amicable settlement. Apathy among some crafts and the adverse attitude of the general public had to be contended with, but the Central bod v. by conservative action and fair dealing, has been able to turn the tide of public opinion and it now is recognized as a valuable factor in all move- ments within its sphere having for their object the welfare and improvement of the community. "Particularly fortunate was the Confederation of Labor in the choice of the first president. Bishop X. Salt us of the Cigar Makers' Union, to whom more than to any one else belongs the credit for the organization. Mr. Saltus died in 1801. to the last true to his convictions. Another man who became prominent in the work in the early days was Jeremiah F. Mahonev. also a member of the Cigar Maker.-' Union, who continued his active interest until a tew years ago. Me died suddenly while he was attending a convention of the State Branch of the American Federation of Labor. Mr. Mahonev was • me of the ablest worker- in the labor cause the state of Massachusetts has produced. We miss these men tonight, hut find comfort in the knowledge that their work was well done. "The Springfield Central Labor Union is composed of delegate- chosen bv the various organized crafts of the city, having no direct control over the bodies represented, but acting in an advisorv capacitv when requested. It considers also the larger questions of importance to labor in general, such as sanitary conditions, educational matter- in so far as thev affect the children of the workingman, and at times when it can act in the capacitv of helper it takes an active interest in the general welfare of the school-. [Tom the outset it has made its influence felt in legislative matter- concerning the lot of the workingman and those dependent on him. It- meeting- are not con- i:)ti Central Labor Union History ducted secretly, for in them nothing is said or done which would make such a course necessary. "It is not a selfish body. It tries to improve the condition of the worker, whether he be a member of a labor organization or an individual. The non-union workman receives higher pay and labors under better conditions than he could obtain were no labor union- in existence. Springfield Central Labor Union now is one of the strongest organizations of the kind in the country. "Among the enterprises which the union has now in hand is the erection of a Labor temple which will be a credit to organized labor and an ornament to the city of Springfield. "A history of the Central and affiliated unions will be published in a few days. This book will also contain biographical sketches and portraits of nun who have been prominent in the labor movement locally, and an account of the banquet. "In behalf of Springfield Central Labor Union, I extend thanks to the press and other friends for the kindly interest manifested in the celebration of its twenty-fifth anniversary.'' The following telegram to Secretary McCarthy . was read: Quincy, Mass. May S. 1912. D. !•:. McCarthy, 19 Sanford Street. Springfield. Mass. Meetings of the executive council of my trade association tonight and Thursday night, in connection with duty assigned us by our convention which recentlv adjourned, prevents me from either being at vour meeting tonight or being in Washington in attendance at executive council American Federation of Labor meeting the balance of this week. I therefore greatly regret my inability to be with you tonight, but trust and expect that your meeting will be successful in detail as well as in general results. At some other time when it will be more convenient to your Central body and myself I may have the honor of being with you to compare notes on the great humanitarian movement in which we are all interested and to the success of which we are giving the best years of our lives and the greatest activity of which we are capable. Wishing your Central body continued increase in membership and influence in your city and vicinity, I have the honor to remain. Yours respectfully, James Duncan, First Vice- President American Federation of Labor. Rev. Dr. F. W. Merrick, fraternal delegate to the Central Labor Union from the Springfield Ministers' Association, spoke on the value of the social feature of the order and the benefits to be derived from friendly association. lie mentioned the attempts that have been made to have the society recede from its high standing and of the failure- to do so. lie mentioned the eleva- tion if the organized worker- themselves as a school of democracy and humanitv. lie gave credit to organized labor a- being the true father of the referendum which, he said, it pursued in all its action-. lie called ANNIVERSARY COMMITTEE OF CENTRAL LABOR UNION'S CELEBRATION - 7 -Sir// \Yi!!::i:n Klvim I >. I-:. Mil 'aniiv, S M. T. Xiliill A. I-:. Wi'sMH \V. I!. Cnnlv M. x ■ i i;. 11. Wi.-mi A. A. N;ium;. Musicians — Secretary, Herbert V Shtumvav, 3» Palmer avenue. Meet second Sunday, in hall Xo. 5. 144 Central Labor Union History Mulders — Secretary. Hernias Carnigan. box 323. Indian Orchard. Meet first and third Friday, in hall \<>. 2. Metal Polishers — Secretary. William St. Cyr, SI Orleans street. Meet first and second Friday, in hall No. 2. Moving Picture Operators — Secretary. George F. Hill, box S35. Meet first Sunday, in hall No. 2. Machinists — Secretary. P. J. Phelan. 44 Johnson street. Meet outside Central Labor Union I [all. Painters — Secretary. J. Paul Bigelow, 52 Harvey street. Meet every Wed- nesday, in hall Xo. 5. Printing Pressmen — Secretary. Arthur F. Benoit, East Longmeadow. Meet third Thursday, in hall Xo. 2. Plumbers — Secretary, John Beauchemin. care of Dr. Roy. Fuller building. Meet every Monday, in hall Xo. 1. Photo-Engravers — Secretary. Howard J. Mendon, 191 Bowdoin street. Meet second Tuesday, in hall Xo. 2. Prompters — Secretary. E. F. Connclley. Adams street. Meet outside Central Labor Union Hall. Quarryinen — Secretary. G. Nelson, East Longmeadow. Meet at East Long- meadow-. Stone Cutters — Secretary. George Clark. 34 East street. Holyoke. Meet first and third Thursday, in hall Xo. 4. Sheet Metal Workers — Secretary. John S. Donohue, 177 High street. Meet second and fourth Thursday. Street Railway Employes — Secretary. A. E. Wilson. 911 Sumner avenue. Meet second and fourth Tuesday, in hall Xo. 5. Stage Employes — Secretary, D. A. Hagertv. box 542. Meet third Sunday, in 1 hall Xo. 2. Slaters — Secretary. R. McCleary, G3 Lowell street. Meet outside Central Labor Union Hall. Steam Fitters — Secretary. W. J. Lyons. Mittineague. Meet second and fourth Tuesday. Schoolhouse Custodians — Secretary. W. F. McQuade. 225 White street. Meet first Monday, in hall Xo. G. Tailors — Secretary. Lawrence Erickson, box Gil. Meet first and third Tues- day, in hall Xo. 5. Typographical — Secretary, A. F. Hardwick, 38 Adams street. Meets every fourth Sunday, in hall Xo. 1. Tobacco Strippers — Secretary, Miss Xettie Twenty. 33 James avenue, Merrick. Meet first Friday, in hall Xo. 5. Tile Layers — Secretary. George Mclntyre, 212 Garden street. Hartford. Meet outside Central Labor Union Hall. Textile Workers, Xo. 720 — Secretary. John Pierlit. box 472. Ludlow. Meet at Ludlow. Textile Workers, Xo. 7G3 — Secretary. L H. Savard. box 32. Indian Orchard. Directory of Delegates to C. L. U. The record of names of delegates to the Central Labor Union are so far from complete that it has been deemed wise to limit the list to the years 1903-1912. Together with the names of the unions which they represent and additional pertinent information appearing in the roll call, the names follow : AUTO TRIMMERS, No. 50 First seated delegates to Central Labor Union in 1910. President— J. H. Mills. Secretary — Raymond Lardy. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1 1 » 1 € » — 1. H. Mills. 1). (i. Shea. E. F. Goddard and T. If. Rogers. 1911— J. 11. Mills. B. F. Thompson. X. E. St. Jacques. T. 11. Rogers and A. E. St. Germain. President. J. II. Mills; secretary. F. Berthiaume. 1912— Xo delegates. BARBERS' UNION, No. 30 Membership January 1. 1903 — loo. President — P. F. Cronin. Secretary — William Caron. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — Jesse Washington, Henry Severin. George If. Hadd. William Caron and Fred Lewis. 1904 — William Caron. Jesse Washington. W. A. Delamier. Philip Cantin, Henry Severin and T. F. Lewis. Secretary. H. Emerson. 1905 — I). J. Foley. II. Severin. William Delaurie. James Holley and W. P. Lenville. Secretary. 11. H. Leverin. 190G — M. Xiedel. Louis Alpert. < ). Tisdell, Harry Emerson and E. M. Xeibuhr. Secretary. II. H. Leverin. succeeded by E. M. Xeibuhr. 1907 — James Flolley, Stephen Corella, II. C. Xeibuhr. J. F. Garvey, II. Wintrick and G. A. Stiltz. Secretary. E. M. Xeibuhr. 190S — I. Duahaw, II. C. Xeibuhr. George Wolf. George Lussier. Ernest Hulette and Joseph Develean. President. P. F. Cronin; secre- tary. L. St. Cyr. 1909— M. C. Xeibuhr, George Spengler. J. Deraleau. F. Patrio and Arthur Dame. President. P. F. Cronin; secretary. L. St. Cyr. succeeded by W. Xeibuhr. 1910 — George Spengler, Clinton Haley. II. L. Xeibuhr. John Perron and Leander St. Cyr. President. P. J. O'Brien; secretary. L. St. Cyr. 1911— H. C. Xeibuhr. J. Perron. R. G. Spengler. C. Danick and W. Taylor. President. P. J. Cronin; secretary. L. St. Cyr. 1912— H. C. Xiebuhr. J. Perron. W. Taylor. C. Daniels and R. G. Spengler. President, P. J. Cronin; secretary. II. C. Xeibuhr. 11?) Central Labor Union History BARBERS' UNION, No. 199 Membership January 1, 1903 — 15. President — William Mc( iowan. Secretary — William J. Murphy. The union had no regular meeting place in those days; meetings held in various barber shops on the last Thursday of each month. Delegates to Central Labor Union — l!t()3 — William J. Murphy, William Bowdoin, Ovide Lague, A. Fortier and W. McGowan. 1904 — Maurice Mashin. E. Lincourt and Ovide Lague. Secretary, W. J. Murphy. 1905— X. Lague. C. P. Deraleau, W. McGowan, J. Bell and Ovide Lague. Union withdrew from Central Labor Union in fall of 190."). BARTENDERS' UNION, No. 67 Membership January 1. 1903 — 100. President — M. F. Connolly. Secretary — F)aniel P. Cavanaugh. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903— M. F. Connolly, William Cone. J. T. Moran. M. T. Kelliher and and J. C. Allis* 1904— T. M. O'Donnell. W. O. Cone, James Turner. M. J. Kelliher and G. McQueen. Secretary D. Cavanaugh. 1905 — T. Barry. H. Perron, G McQueen, Jere Dwyer and J. Moran. Secretary, D. Kavanaugh. 190G — G. W. McQueen. J. T. Moran. Peter Dunn, W. Houlihan and J. Morrissey. Secretary, T. M. O'Donnell. 190?' — G. W. McQueen, W. Fitzpatrick, Warren Clark, Patrick Walsh and William Houlihan. Secretary, T. M. O'Donnell. 190S— J. J. Dwyer, W. Kelly. J. J. Hamilton. E. Raleigh and J. Coughlin. 1909__J. J. Dwyer, J. Passing, F. Raleigh, P. McCarthy and T. F. Reardon. President, E. Raleigh; secretary. T. Devine. 1910— J. J. Dwyer. E. Raleigh, P. McCarthy, R. Reilly and Albert S. Duquette. President, E. Raleigh; secretary, T. H. Devine. L9H_E. Raleigh,, J. J. Dwyer, M. Canning. J. Hamilton and T. H. Devine. President. J. J. Dwyer: secretary. T. M. O'Donnell. 1912 — F. Raleigh, J. J. Dwyer. M. Canning. J. Hamilton and T. H. Devine. President. : secretary. T. TT. Devine. BARTENDERS' UNION, No. 116 (CHICOPEE) Membership January 1. 1903 — 3<>. President — Francis W. Farrell. Secretary — 1). J. Readdin. Delegates to Central Fahor Union — 1903 — M. J. Trehy, John Sweeney. Frank Cooney, James 1 ; . Kinna and Thomas A. 1 lickev. Central Labor Union History 147 1904— D. J. Readdin, M. J. Trehy, Patrick Brady, J. O'Xeil and Thomas Barrv. Secretary, D. T. Readdin. 1905— M. J. Trehy. J. O'Xeil, P. J. Grady, M. P. O'Brien and D. J. Readdin. Secretary. D. J. Readdin. The local withdrew to join Chicopee Trades Council. 1908 — Bartenders again appeared on records of Central Lahor Union with the following delegates: T. A. Hickey, F. \Y. Farrell, \Y. C. Maloney, Nelson Riendeau and G. Santibar. the president of the local being T. A. Hickey and secretary J. F. Dunn. 1909— F. H. Hickey. John Grady, W. Quinlan, F. \V. Farrell and C. Dixon. President. T. A. Hickey: secretary. \V. C. Maloney. 1910— F. W. Farrell. T. J. Kaveney, P. J. McDermott, P. Martell and M. J. Shea. President. T. Kaveney: secretary. L. D. Demack. 1911— C. \V. Dore. T. J. Kaveney, J. J. Fish. M. J." Shea and F. \Y. Farrell. President, T. J. Kaveney: secretary. F. B. Walsh. 1912— D. Mortell. P. F Mortell, T. Kane. T. J. Kaveney and F. \Y. Farrell. President. F. \Y. Farrell: secretary. T. J. Kaveney. BASEBALL MAKERS' UNION, No. 10929 Membership January 1, 1903—100. President — 1 lenry Werner. Secretary— Charles O. White. Delegates to Central Labor L'nion — 1903— H. Werner. J. Trout, Myer Tober. P. Y. O'Connell and Charles < ). White. 19()1 — Patrick O'Connell. Charles Thompson, Myer Tober. Israel Tober and A. King. Secretary. James Kervick. 1905 — W. J. Barton, F. Comstock, J. Cavanaugh. P. O'Connell and Israel Tober. Secretary, T. F. Hurley. 190G — C. O. White. M. Landry, W. J. Barton. T. Comstock and F. J. O'Connell. Secretarv, T. F. Hurley. I'.m »7 — \Y. Barton. C. O. White. M. Tober, L. Comstock and J. Kervick. Secretarv, T. F. I lurley. 1908 — W. Barton, M. Tober, C. Fov, E. Xewhauser and fames Kervick. President. A. J. Barton; secretary. T. 1-". Hurley. 1909— M. Toiler. T." F. Hurley. J. B. Fulton, W. J. Barton and F. Xewhauser. President, A. I. Barton: secretarv, T. F. Hurley. 1910 — Xo delegates recorded as seated. 1911— Xo delegates recorded as seated. BAKERS AND CONFECTIONERS' UNION Membership January 1, 19o:j — ■>•'.. President— G. Wocdtke. Secretarv — F. A. Kelson. Delegates to Central Labor l'nion— i'.to:;— [•".. Netoliskv. I'. A. Nelson. George Osoluu-r and J. Dooley. 1904— L Doolev, F. A. Nelson. George ( Fclmer. M. )■ Clark and II. I larrv. Secretarv. F. A. Nelson. 14S Central Labor Union History 1905— D. E. Dooley, F. A. Nelson, G. Oschner, C. Schilliam and W. Forrester. Secretary, D. E. Dooley. 1900 — Xo delegates seated. 1907 — Xo delegates seated. 190S — Xo delegates seated. 1909— J. J. Dooley, D. E. Dooley, G. Oschner, A. S. Kober and H. Forrester. Secretary, R. Sanders. 1910 — Dennis E. Dooley, J. Dooley and George Oschner. The latter was secretary this year. 1911 — Messrs. Slumph, Wilson, Whitlaw, Harrington and Dooley. BLACKSMITHS' UNION, No. 242 Membership January 1, 1903 — 31. President — Edward C. Duffee. Secretary— Patrick J. McMahon. 1903 — William Knowles, Patrick Flemming, E. C. Duffy. H. J. Bellamy and William McCarthy. 1904— Timothy Duffy, Edward C. Duffy, William Bailey, Patrick O'Donnell and L. Favro. Secretary, E. C. Duffy. 1905 — Xo delegates. 1906— Xo delegates. 1907 — Xo delegates. 190S — Xo delegates. BRASS WORKERS' UNION, No. 176 Membership January 1, 1903 — 70. President— George Wallace. Secretary — Charles F. McCaffrey. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — J. O'Brien, C. L. Butler, George Wallace, George Comstock and J. Boutier. 1904— Charles F. McCaffrey, John O. Buick, J. O'Brien, W. McCarthy and Mathew Hennessey. Secretary, C. F. McCaffrey. 1905 — G. Morrell, J. H. O'Brien, J. Duggan, G. Eagen and M. Hen- nessey. Secretary, C. F. McCaffrey. 1900— E. Gower, C. McCaffrey, J. Boucher, Archie Fenton and W. McCartv. Secretary, C. McCaffrey. 1907— D. E. Sullivan. W. McCarthy, C. F. McCaffrey. E. Gower and J. O'Brien. Secretary. C. McCaffrey. 190S — Xo record. 1909— Xo record. BOILERMAKERS' UNION, No. 218 Membership January 1, 1903 — 25. President — Thomas Bellamy. Secretary — Frank Davidson. Delegates to Central Labor Union — Central Labor Uxiox History 149 1903 — Frank Davidson. Timothy Foley. Patrick Burns. William Jacob- son and Thomas Bellamy. 1904 — P. Burns, R. Mackenzie. Dennis Xoonan, J. Fitzgerald and J. F. Lane. Secretary. F. Davidson. 1905 — Xo delegates. 1900 — Xo delegate.-. 1907— Xo delegates. BOTTLERS AND DRIVERS' UNION, No. 143 Membership January 1, 1903 — 30. President — John Meguane. Secretary — P. Rappold. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — Patrick Lvnch. Martin Linnane. T. [. Collins. ]. ]. Folcv and J. J. Bassing. 1904 — Jacob Stockel, T. J. Collins. Joseph Goldin, P. Campbell and Karl Rubenstein. Secretary. P. 11. Rappold. 190.1 — Karl Rubenstein. P. Campbell. J. Camwell, J. Stockel and J. Lyons. Secretary. K. Rubenstein. 1906 — T. J. Collins. M. Touhey, J. A. Vivian, K. Rubenstein and J. Lyons. Secretary. J. A. Vivian. 1907 — Xo delegates recorded. Secretary, P. J. Marra. 1908— J. McGuane, M. Burke, P. J. Marra. M. Lyons and K. Ruben- stein. President. Myles Burke; secretary. P. J. Marra. 19(19— E. McCormack. Michael Clark. Myles Burke," P. J. Marra and J. McGowan. President. Myles Burke: secretarv, P. 1. Marra. 1910— P. J. Marra. Matthew Meade. E. McCormack. }'. McGuane and Myles Burke. President, M. Burke; secretary. P. J. Marra. 1911— J. Keough. M. McGuane, M. Kane, C. Dowd and ( ). Marra. President, J. McGuane; secretary. AV. F. Driscoll. Bill'— P. Maloney. P. II. Howard and' J. Keough. President, J. Mc- Guane; secretary. \Y. E. Driscoll. BOX MAKERS' UNION, No. 207 Membership January 1. 1903—50. President — ( ieorge Parrel. Secretary — Charles Scanlon. Delegates to Central Labor Cnion — 1!)03 — Charles Scanlon. Joseph Lewis. William Graven and 1. I'., bortier. 1904 — Xo record; probably withdrew from Central Labor Cnion. BOOKBINDERS' UNION, No. 74 Membership January 1, 1903 — 20. I 'resident — R. J. I laves. Secretary — 11. J. Rosenberg. Delegates to Central Labor Cnion — 1!M)3— T. C. Conev. 11. I. Rosenberg, V . Kattler and R. i. Haves. 150 Central Labor Union History 19()4 — Secretary, H. J. Rosenberg. Xo delegates recorded after 1903. 1005— J. C. Coney. H. J. Rosenl)erg. H. Kattler and R. J. Hayes. Secretary. H. J. Rosenberg. 1011— J. Dooley. C. Schilling. H. J. Wilson and T. C. Kirk. President. C. Schilling; secretary. R. Philip. 1912— J. Dooley, C. Schilling. R. Philip, J. T. Schlegel and T. Kirk. President. C. Schilling; secretary R. Philip. BREWERY WORKERS' UNION, No. 99 Membership January 1, 1903 — GS. President . Secretary — Paul H. Rappold. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903— R. W. Daust, Fred Gotler. James Lyons. P. H. Rappold and O. \Y. McGettrick. 10(14— P. H. Rappold. James Lyons. \Y. Ward. J. Tobin and O. Mc- ( iettrick. Secretary. P. H. Rappold. 1905— M. Xolan, W. Ward. J. Tobin. Paul Rappold and C. Schwender. Secretary. R. Merchant. 19:_> Central Labor Union History 101(1 — I). Sullivan. J. Scanlon, J. Trant, Dennis Foley and M. Maloney. M. Maloney was president and Dennis Foley secretary. 1011 — P. Connell, Lang-, F. Xugent, J. Scanlon and I). Sullivan. President. ; secretary, D. Foley. 1012— D. Sullivan. T. Kellaliar. J. Trant. j. Teehan and F. Xugent. President, Martin Maloney; secretary, D. Foley. BUILDING LABORERS' UNION, No. 36 (ITALIAN) Delegates to Central Labor Union — 10(14 — B. L. Bruni, Antony Seaglionio. Tony Miani. Michael Polazzi and John Balboni. Secretary. M. Polazzi. Xo other record appears on the roll call. 1905 — G. Pasmbeni, P. Amiliare, G. Baloni, Giuseppi Pcigoli and G. Ambrog. Secretary, B. L. Bruni. 100G — A. Gudette, A. Polazzi, L. Bruni, Vincent De Caro and J. B. Consoline. Secretary. P. Polazzi. 100? — A. Polazzi. G. Xosimebeni, D. Cignoni. P. Bregli and F. Lonouni. Secretary. A. Polazzi. 100S— G. Pradella, G. Xosimebeni. G. Piccoli, P. P.regli and G. Perzini. Secretary. G. Pradella. 1900— P. Breglio, P. Grovanni. G. Proladda. G. Xasimebeni and P. Gaetano. Secretary. \\*. Bisetti. 1910 — p Breglio. L. Francesco. O. Phetoli. E. Polazzi and Anton Chetoli. President. J. Bisetti; secretary. A. Bresi. 1911 — L. Bonetti. L. Bruni. P. Domenico, F. Landrino and P. Breglio. President, D. Consolati ; secretary, \Y. Bessetti. 1012 — J. Considini. F. Tovotti. 1). Simonetti. T. Berri and A. Palozzi. President. D. Consolati; secretary, T. Berri. BILL POSTERS AND BILLERS OF AMERICA, No. 15 Membership January 1, 1903— 14. President — Paul Davis. Secretary — Robert H. Clark. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 10O3— Paul Davis, Bert Busha. T. 1. Xihill. Fred Belmont and R. H. Clark. 1004— G. Caron, Paul Davis. R. II. Clark. F. P. Belmont and A. J. Busha. -Secretary. R. 11. Clark. 10O5— R. H. (lark. Paul Davis. J. Xihill. August Miller and Raymond Furrows. Secretary. R. H. Clark. 100(i — Paul Davis, YY. Marsh. R. Simons and August Miller. Secretary. R. If. (lark. 10o7 — Paul Davis, \V. Allen, C. Hastings. Robert Simons and Robert ('lark. Secretary. Paul Davis. 190* — Paul Davis. M. Coughlin. M. Shea. Charles Hastings and J. Connors. President. Robert II. Clark; secretary. Paul Davis. lOoO — Paul Davis. ('. Hastings. Michael Shea, 1). Moriarty and Merle Willis. President, R. II. Clark; secretary, Paul Davis. Central Labor Union History 153 1910 — Charles Hastings and Paul Davis. President, R. If. Clark; secretary, Paul Davis. 1911 — Paul Davis, M. Willis, J. Moriarty and C. Hastings. President, J. Moriarty; secretary. Paul Davis. 1912— Paul Davis. M. Willis. M. Shea and J. Moriarty. President, J. Moriarty; secretary, Paul Davis. BUTTON WORKERS' UNION, No. 75-46 Membership January 1. 190.3 — (i(). President — William J. Brady. Secretary — William J. Casseles. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 15)03 — Joseph Knapp, P. Pureed, William J. Brady, James English and lames \\ estover. 1901 — W. J. Casseles. J. Ileltner. James English, Peter Roendeau and J. Sheehan. Secretary. W. J. Casseles. 1905 — J. R. English, J. Brouillard, J. Pattison, W. J. Casseles and W. Workheiser. Secretary. W. Reid. 1900 — E. Ouinlivan. J. R. English, J. Heffner, T. M. Sharp and J. Panic. Secretary, W. Reid. 190?' — Xo record. CARPENTERS' UNION, No. 96 Membership lanuarv 1. 19(13 — '214. President — Ccorge P. Stebbins. Secretarv — Xelson A. Maurice. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 15)03 — X. E. Maurice. Joseph Payette, A. J. Pillion. W. Lafrancisse and ( ieorge A. Roy. 15HI4 — W. J. LaPrancis. X. E. Maurice. ( \. A. Roy. A. Cregoire and Stanislaus Vezina. Secretary. X. E. Maurice. 1:105 — A. I. Pillion, fohn Messier and W. J. Pal ; rancis. Secretary, X. P. Maurice. l!)(l(i — W. J. LaPrancis. A. Bernard. A. Choiniere. A. T. Roy and J. P. Ostigny. Secretarv, X. E. Maurice. l'.Hii — A. Choiniere. W. I. LaPrancis, E. Rene. X. E. Maurice and A. Poisy. Secretary, X. E. Maurice. 1 1)( is— X. E. Maurice, S. Vesina. W. J. LaPrancis, 1. Boubauger and A. Poisy. President, I. II. Payette: secretarv, J. II. Parent. 1 '.">!»- -A\'. I. LaPrancis. A. Poisy. J. \ dime. A. Deiuond and P. Boucher. President. I. II. Payette; secretary, X. E. Maurice. 1910 — P. Merchand. A. P< isy. I. Breault. S. Pelanger. P. Bourchier and \\ . J. LaPrancis. poPy withdrew and S. Vezina was -eated. President. M . Joubert; secretarv, ( i. Prancouer. 1911 — L. Vizina. W." J. LaPrancis. !.' I. Briault, P. Boucher and A Poisy. President. M. Joubert: secretarv, V. T. Cagnon. PUi'- W. J. LaPrancis. T. Boucher, P. Vizina. I. I. Briault and A Poisv. President, |. P. Messer; secretarv. \". T. (iaminn. 154 Central Labor Union* History CARPENTERS' UNION. No. 177 J 'resident — No record. Secretary — William Foster. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1901 — \Y. Poster, G. \\". Bruce, W. W. R. Miner. Isaac Mutton and J. W. Foster. Secretary, William Foster. 1905— G. W. Bruce, J. W. Foster. William Foster, W. W. R. .Miner. G. A. White and J. A. Berggren. Secretary. William Foster. 190(5— G. W. Bruce. W. Foster, M. T. Xihill. W. \V. R. Miner. T. 11. Davis. J. W. Xash and F. Corbin. Secretary. W. E. fackson. 1907— M. T. Xihill. E. A. Parent. L. B. Xewton, J. W. Xash and J. Burt. Secretary. W. E. [ackson. 1908— W. P. Walsh. M. T. Xihill. (i. W. Bruce. F. J. Collins and E. Bennett. President. D. 1). Peck: secretary. L. W. Willcutt. 1909— M. T. Xihill. J. M. Patterson. E. F. McCann, I". J. Collins and J. A. Berggren. President. G. White: secretary. L. W. Willcutt. 1910 — G. Johnston, W. Smith, F. C. Magravis, J. M. Dunn and W. IP Crafts. President, G. W. Bruce; secretary. F. Bennett. 1011— M. T. Xihill. E. Bennett, T. McCarroll. F.. Chaplin and M. J. O'Connor. President, W. Foster: secretary. F. Barbour. 1912— M. T. Xihill, T. McCarroll. E. A. Stevens. I. L. Calkins and A. W. Wilson. President. E. Bennett; secretary. F. W. Barbour. CARPENTERS' UNION, No. 1105 (MILLMEN) Secretary — A. IP Clairmont. Xo record of president. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1904 — A. II. Clairmont. A. A. Fountain, E. O. Dodge and PI. E. Jones. 1905— L. J. Walker. E. O. Dodge. A. IP Clairmont, J. F." Day (deceased). C. J. Styles and G. McManus. Secretary. A. M. Aiken ( deceased ) . 190(5— A. IP Clairmont. G. McManus, L. J. Walker and William Lindsay Secretary, A. L. Houghton. 1007 — X. K. Mangurian. L. J. Walker. A. IP Clairmont A. P. Peter- son and G. Hayes. Secretary. A. L. Houghton. 1008— L. J. Walker. G. L. Hayes. X. K. Mangurian, A. II. Clairmont and C. Schulze. President, (i. L. Hayes: secretary. A. L. Houghton. HHiO— A. II. Clairmont. G. L. Hayes and P. J. Walker. President. G. L. Hayes: secretary. A. L. Houghton. 1910 — A. L. Houghton. G. L. Hayes, P. W. O'Connor. William Lindsay and P. J. Walker. President. M. K. Pease: secretary. A. P. I loughton. 1911— G. P. Hayes. P. W. O'Connor. B. M. Broderick. P. J. Walker and A. Fleming. President. F. M. Felch ; secretary. A. L Houghton. 1919_G. L. Hayes. W. Lindsay. F. M. Felch. X. K. Mangurian and P. W. O'Connor. President. F. M. Felch: secretary. A. P. Houghton. Central Labor Union History CARPENTERS' UNION, No. 745 Membership January 1. 1003 — 25. President — George Duncan. Secretary — I). Tindal. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — George Duncan. William Lindsev, A. M. Aiken. M. Barrv and 1). Tindal. 1904 — Xo record. 1905— Xo record. CARPENTERS' UNION, No. 685 (CHICOPEE) Membership January 1. 1903 — (Hi. President — ( ieorge Basiliere. Secretary — Alfred Pi vest. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — Frank Blanchard, L. ( ). Fournier, (ieorge 11. Basiliere, E. Gouger and J. Comtois. 1904 — ( ). Premo. S. Vesinear, T. Coven, J. Paige and L. O. Fournier. Secretary, A. Pi vest. 1905— F. St. Cyr. W. Millctte. F. Blanchard, L. (). Fournier and O. Premeau. Secretary, A. Rivcst. lOOfi— M. F. Peed. F. G. Bird, G. P. Dion. J. II. Cote and P. O. Four- nier. Secretary, F. ( i. Bird, succeeded by A. Rivest. 1907 — \V. Millctte. P. (). Fournier, Fred Rheaume. J. Rushlow and A. Rivest. Secretary, A. Rivest. The local withdrew from the Central body December 1. 1907. CIGAR MAKERS' UNION, No. 49 Membership January 1. 1903—230. I 'resident — lames Londigon. Secretary — i lenry I lealy. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — (Ieorge II. Wrenn. \V. Council, A. I I allenstein. G. ]•'.. Vincens, William J. Murphy. 190-1 — F. Kicnard, W. A. Council, J. W. Griddle. Alexander Hallen- stein and ( 1. F. Vincens. Secretary. II. llealv. 1905— A. I lallenstein. W. A. Council. J. W Griddle. Paul Sheehan. Paul lloetle. J. F. Mahoney and II. llealv. Secretary. II. I lealy. 190(5— J. W ("riddle. II. llealv. A. 1 lallenstein. J. F. Mahoney and P. II. Sheehan. Secretary, I lenry [lealy. 190?— J. W. ('riddle. A. I lallenstein. J. F. Mahoney. P. II. Sheehan and W. I. Murphv. Secretary. Henry I lealy. succeeded by W I. Murphy. 190S— J. W Griddle. J. F. Mahoney. ( ',. II. W'renn. F. W. Ludwi" and W. |. Murphv. (riddle. Mahoney and Ludwig withdrew and I. Londigon. II. Smith and [lenry llealv served. President. I. W. ('riddle; secretary. W. J. Murphy. 15»i Central Lakor Union History 1909— Alva Kenton. Henry Mealy, G. W'renn, II. S. Smith and William J. Murphy. President. J. Londigon ; secretary, William J. Murphy. 1910 — Henry Healy, George W'renn, Alva Fenton, W. 11. Meehan, W. J. Murphy and H. 11. Le Clair. 11. Healy served five months and was succeeded by the last named. President, fames Londi- gon; secretary, W. |. Murphy. 1911— G. H. W'renn'. A. Fenton, II.' II. LeClair, W. Collins and W. J. Murphy. President. J. Londigan ; secretary, W. I. Murphy. 1812— G. H.'Wrenn. A. Fenton, W. L. Collins. J. W. Russell and J. Courtney. President, J. Londigan; secretary. J. W. Russell. COOKS AND WAITERS' UNION First record. 1!»04. Secretary — Peter Clancy. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1904 — j. A. Schebb, W. F. Monahan, A. Kusting, P. J. McCormack and J. Dolphin. 1905 — P. J. O'Connor, P. Clancy. J. F. Monahan. T. j. Donnelly and E. J. Walsh. Secretary, P. Clancy. 190G — Xo record. P.HiT— Xo record. 1908 — Xo record. 1909— J. F. Monahan, C. C. Parker. W. F. Haskins, R. D. Doherty and M. Tassinari. President, W. F. Haskins; secretary. R. Doherty. 1910 — W. I. Batters was the only delegate whose name appears. President, J. Monahan ; secretary. M. J. Letters. 1911—F. X. Shaw. M. J. L. Letters and G. Abair. President, F. X. Shaw ; secretary. M. J. L. Letters. 1912— F. X. Shaw. M" J. L. Letters and G. Abair. President, ; secretary. M. J. L. Letters. COAL HANDLERS' UNION (CHICOPEE) Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — John Catanitch. J. Leatleche. J. Stomberg and W. P. Owens. 1904 — Xo record. CLOTHING CLERKS' UNION. No. 256 Membership January 1, 1903—100. President — J. Murphy. Secretary — L. L. Stannard. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903— PL Felix, S. J. Griffin, If. F. Allen. T. V. Morris and William Lynch. 1. Rogers. H. J. lAlix and S. |. Griffin. Secretarv, L. L. Stannard. Central Labor Union History 15 1905 — S. J. Griffin, F. B. Morrison. G. F. Shaw. Frank Shugrue and W. E. Coughlin. 1000 — Xo record. 1907— G. F. Shaw. S. J. Griffin, If. J. Felix. F. T. Sturtevant and C Bengle. Secretary. S. J. Griffin. 1908 — H. J. Felix. S. J. Griffin, G. F. Shaw. A. A. Glenn and C. Bengle. Secretary. 11. j. Felix. 1909 — II. J. Felix the only delegate recorded. 1910 — 11. J. Felix the only delegate recorded. 1911 — Xo delegates recorded. CLERKS' (DRUG) ASSOCIATION, No. 267 Membership January 1, 190.°,— 4s. President — Harry 11. Cook. Secretary — Walter \V. Bradbury. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903— H. II. Cook. M. R. Johnson. Frank Callanan. Charles F. Adams and T. F. McCarthy. 1904 — Xo delegates seated. Secretary. \V. V. Bradbury. 1905 — Xo record. 1906 — Xo record. COAL HANDLERS' UNION, No. 7425 Membership January 1. 1903—90. President — John I Iurley. Secretary — F. R. Streeter. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903— Patrick Higgins. John Fitzgerald, William J. Walsh, F. R. Streeter and Tolm Hurley. 1904 — J. Fitzgerald, John Hurley. J. Davis. Timothy McCarthy and leremiah Donovan. Secretary. Timothy McCarthv. 1905 — lames Ash. James Callahan. John Hurley. James Davis and Tohn Fitzgerald. Secretary, T. McCarthy. l'.tot; — John Hurley. T. McCarthy. J. Fitzgerald. R. M. Xolan and Daniel Sullivan. Secretary. W. D. Sullivan. 1907 — John Hurley. D. Sullivan. I. McGrath. J. Devine and P. Hough- lin. Secretary. D. Sullivan. 190S— J. Donovan. J. Hurley. D. Sullivan, J. Fitzgerald and P. Uough- 1 in. President, I. Hurley ; secretary. D. Sullivan. 1909— J. Hurley, P. Houlihan. F. Sherry. J. Fitzgerald and R. Douglas. President. I. Hurlev; secretary. D. Sullivan. 1910—J. Hurlev. J. Fitzgerald. James Ash. I. Donovan and R. G. Douglas. The last named withdrew and I). I.vnch was seated. President. L Hurlev: secretary. 1\. ( '.. Douglas. 1911— J. Hurley. P. Houlihan. D. Brinton. J. Fitzgerald and J. Bourio. President. I. Hurlev: secretary, P. Houlihan. 1912— J. Hurley. J. Crowley. M. Donovan. P. Houlihan and J. Fitz- crerald. President. (. Hurlev; secretary. P. Houlihan. 158 Central Labor Union History CARRIAGE AND WAGON MAKERS' UNION, No. 60 Membership January 1, 1903—100. I 'resident — I'. E. Flynn. Secretary — A. H. Xewman. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — Daniel Hurley, L. B. Champlin, Thomas Smalley, Peter Maynard and E. S. Lebeau. 11104 — A. II. Xewman, Peter Maynard, Irwin Bailey, James Massey and O. Rousseau. Secretary, A. H. Xewman. 1905 — Alfred Mossy, Irwin Bailey, Peter Maynard, O. Rousseau and A. Mossy. Secretary, A. II. Xewman. The local withdrew in 1905. 1900 — Xo record. 1907 — Xo record. CARWORKERS' UNION, No. 35 Membership January 1, 1903 — 50. President — James M. Justin. Secretary — G. R. Pease. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903— G. \V. Kirkland, James Justin, G. R. Pease and II. F. Bristol. 1904— Xo record. 1905 — Xo record. CUSTODIANS (SCHOOL HOUSE) Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1911— A. J. Turner. J. J. Twohig. D. B. Butler, R. Case and E. II. Xewell. President. C. Clark ; secretary, \Y. F. McCoy. 1912— E. H. Xewell, J. J. Twohig, M. \Y. Fisk and J. IT " Crowley. President, C. Clark ; secretary, \Y. F. McOuade. CLERKS' (GROCERY) UNION, No. 267 Membership January 1, 1903 — 150. President— \\\ H. Xewell. Secretary — B. J. O'Connor. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — \Y. II. Xewell. James Donahue, William Hart. B. J. O'Connor and James Holland. 1904— W. IT. Xewell, J. B. Callanan, J. A. Donoghue. C. Pollner and and J. F. Gaylord. Secretary. B. J. O'Connor. 1905 — Thomas Donlin, W. II. Xewell. J. B. Callanan. B. J. O'Connor and M. Irwin. Secretary, C. \\*. Pollner. l!M)ii— E. J. Shea, R. Casey, C. \Y. Pollner. J. J. Rolston and M. J. Irwin. Secretary, E. J. Shea. 1907' — Xo record. Central Labor Union History 159 CLOTH HAT AND CAP MAKERS' UNION, No. 29 First record appears in 1905. Secretary — II. Kissil. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 905 — I. Schultz, M. Robinowitz, |. Schulman, II. [urea and II. Kissil. 90li — Xo record. 907 — Xo record. 90S — Xo record. 909 — Paul Tanzer and David Lentz. The first named was secretary of the local. 1910 — Xo record. DROP FORGERS AND HAMMERMEN'S UNION, No. 59 ( )rganized March 17, 1902. Membership January 1, 1903 — 3G. President — P. J. Panders. Secretary — J. II. Dorman. Secrtary — I). J. Panders. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — (ieorge I. Smith. Stephen Ryan, Thomas Rrownlee, lohn Faugh- lin and Eugene Flint. !!)04 — T. Rrownlee. J. II. Dorman. P. Vaughn, J. Carey and G. Smith. Secretary, P. J, Landers. 905— p. S. Hitchcock. C. J. McCann. J. Cressman and J. Carey. The last delegate was also secretary. 90(i — !•". S. At water, p. \'aughn and I. Paughlin. Secretary. P. F. Flint. 1907 — |. Paughlin, C. T. Smith and V". Pangland. Secretary. P. F. Flint. mis — Xo record. 90!) — Xo record. ENGINEERS (STATIONARY), No. 98 Membership lamiarv 1. 1903 — l'5. President — C. A. Redner. Secretary — p. A. Fitch. Delegates to Central Pabor Union — 19U3— John Thomas, John Capen. I ; . II. Rcilly, C. A. Redner. P. A. Fitch and A. < >*Keefe. 1901 — [',. I-'.. Hughes, P. [. Riley. John Fenton. 1. C. Irwin. !•".. A. Fitch and |ohn Thomas. Secretary, P. A. Fitch. 1905 — J. II. Sedgwick, S. I. Cormier. J. I'enton, J. D. Thomas and P. J. Riley. Secretary, I. II. Sedgwick. 19(Hl— A. P. Fish. P. J. Riley. S. J. Cormier. J. Fenton and I. II. Sedg- wick, the latter secretary of local. 190} — |. [f. Sedgwick. P. Riley. C. Swauson and S. J. Cormier. Secretary, 1. II. Sedgwick. 1G0 Central Labor Union History 190S — S. J. Cormier, T. Cormier, J. ( ). Leary, L. C. Moran and P. J. Riley. President, S. J. Cormier; secretary. J. Leary. 1000 — J. M. Carter, E. Cummings, George \Y. Fisk, J'. J. Riley and S. ]. Cormier. President, John Fenton ; secretary, S. J. Cormier. 1910 — S. J. Cormier. M. Fitzgerald, J. Fenton, 1'. J. Riley and R. E. Clark. President. J. Fenton; secretary, S. J. Cormier. 1011— L. Moren, J. L. Irwin, J. Fenton, P. J. Riley and A. Fish, ['resi- dent, J. Fenton; secretary. J. Cormier. 1912— R. Clark. P. J. Riley. J. Fenton, S. J. Cormier and J. Holden. President. J. Fenton; secretary, S. J. Cormier. ELECTRICAL WORKERS' UNION, No. 7 Secretary — G. D. Beecher. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — M. Goodwin. T. Walling. J. Osbonrne. J. Reauchemin and Mr. Hopkins. 1904 — M. Goodwin, A. J. Holmes. G. D. Beecher. W. H. Pring and E. S. Thurston. Secretary, G. D. Beecher. 1905 — Xo record. 1900 — Xo record. 1907- — Xo record. 1908 — Xo record. ELECTRICAL WORKERS' UNION, No. 643 Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1011 — P. O. Neumann, A. Strobele, E. Crockett. H. T. Chapin and G. J. Lusk. President, . 1012— A. Strobele. H. I. Chapin. F. Rienert, G. J. Lusk and J. Lawless. President, F. Rienert; secretary. J. Lawless. FURNITURE WORKERS' UNION, No. 10 Membership January 1, 1903—12. President — William Range. Secretary — Adolph Brosowsky. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 19H3 — A. Brosowsky. E. S. Land Larson, J. J. llaller. A. Johnson and Mr. Breshter. 1904 — Suspended. 1005 — Xo record. FIREMEN, No. 283 Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1011 — 11. T. Xavlor, Messrs. Thompson. Tobey. Francis and Spencer. President. 11. Xavlor; secretary, \Y. I). Francis. 11)12 — Henry F. Xavlor, Messrs. Thompson. Tobey, Francis and Spencer. Central Labor Union History 161 FIREMEN (STATIONARY), No. 22 Membership January 1, 1903—50. President — John F. Gaffney. Secretary — M. P. Ryan. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903— M. Crowe. G. Walker. J. J. Gaffney, Matthew P. Ryan and F. N. Provost. 1904 — F. X. Provost. No other delegate seated, and only one attend- ance by Mr. Provost. Probably withdrew from the body. 1905— No record. 1900— No record. 1907 — Xo record. 190S— No record. GRAIN AND MASON SUPPLY HANDLERS, No. 7445 This name changed in 1910. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1911— W. Walker, 1). Sullivan, J. McCarthy, T. McCarthy and A. Carrher. President. P. McCarthy; secretary. J. McCarthy. 1912— P. J. Egan. J. McCarthy. J. Sweeney, P. J. McCarthy and W. McXamara. President. J. Sweeney; secretary, J. [McCarthy. GRANITE CUTTERS' UNION First record appears in 190G. Secretarv — Peter A. Lane. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1900 — M. [. Cuff. F. Cownol, Clayton Giroux. Patrick OT.rien and P. A. Pane. 1907 — W. McClean, J. Cavanaugh. P. A. Pane. Fred flames and M. Cuff. Secretarv. P. A. Pane. 10OS — J. Rozaza. \\". Hill. J. Cavanaugh, F. Carrol and 1'. A. Lane. President. J. A. Cavanaugh; secretary. P. A. Pane. 1909 — Xo record. 1910— No record. GRAIN HANDLERS' UNION, No. 7445 Membership fanuary 1, 1903—32. 1 'resident — Timothy Malotiev. Secretary — M. C. Mel high. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903- M. I. Mclfugh. fames Sweeney. Myles Sweeney. John Woods and |ohn Kennedy. 190-1 — John Finn, lames Sweeney. M. J. Mel high. Myles Sweeney and Patrick McCarthy. Secretary. M. I. Mclfugh. 1905 — Myles Sweenev, I. Sullivan, lames Sweenev. Patrick McCarthy and f. McCarthy. Secretarv. M. Sweenev. 10i> Central Labor Union History lDiMi — James Sweeney, Mylcs Sweeney, William Cripps, M. Bowker and P. McCarthy. Secretary. M. J. Whelan. 1907— J. Sweeney. T. McCarthy, M. J. Whelan. J. Maloney and J. Finn. Secretary. M. J. Whelan. 19d,s — p. J Kennedy. E. J. Murphy, P. Kane, M. Sweeney and J. J. Sullivan. President. J. McCarthy; secretary, J. Moriarty. 1909 — P. J. McCarthy, civics Sweeney, Jeremiah Sullivan, Timothy Hourihan. John Woods and J. McCarthy. President. P. Mc- Carthy; secretary, M. Conway. lnio— J. McCarthy, G. Barnes, M. Callaghan, E. McXamara and A. Cricer. President, P. McCarthy; secretarv. fere McCarthy. HARNESS MAKERS' UNION, No. 160 First record appears in 1907. Secretarv — Joseph Mercier, Jr., of Holyoke. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1007 — John Moriarty. J. R. Sears. C. J. Hunter and A. E. Carter. 1908— G. B. Avery,' C J- Hunter. J. R. Sears. T. E. Moriarty and E Regnier. President. F. H. St. Jean; secretary. G. B. Avery. 1909— Xo record. 1910 — Xo record. HORSESHOERS' UNION, No. 16 Membership January 1. 1903 — loo. Secretary — D. J. Xolan. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — Jerry Sullivan. D. J. Xolan. Michael Harrigan, Thomas Malonev and John Grace. 1904— J. Moriarty. D. J. Xolan. Patrick Hurley, A. O'Xeil and Thomas Connors- Secretarv. D. T. Xolan. 1905 — -\. O'Xeil. Patrick Hurley. James Moriarty. J. F. Sullivan and Joseph Kennedy. Secretarv. T. Berry. 1000— C. A. Dickerman, J. Williams, T. Connors. J. J. Grace and I). J. Long. Secretary, J. F. Sullivan. 1907 — j. Grace. D. Garvey. E. Giroux, James Moriarty and R. Mahonev. Secretary. J. F. Sullivan. 19o> — J. F. Kernan, Maurice Lynch. Wilbur Chamberlain, Thomas Connor and D. Long. President. Patrick Hurley; secretary, [. F. Sullivan. 19U9 — Xo record. 11(10— M. Lynch. G. McDonald, J. Kehoe. J. Grace and M. McBerry. President, G. McDonald: secretarv. T. L Donovan. 1911— G. IS. McDonald. J. F. Kerr. P. Hurley."}. Burke and J. William,. President. G. B. McDonald: secretarv, 1. F. Kerr. V.n-2— J. Moriarty. X. Viero. J. 1 ; . Kerr. f. H. Mack and G. P.. Mc- Donald. President, G. 15. McDonald: secretarv, I. F. Kerr. Central Labor Union History 163 IRON MOLDERS' UNION, No. 167 Membership January 1, 1903—100. President — I lugh Monaghan. Secretary — P. Persson. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 11)03 — I'. Persson, J. M. Hannon,. M. Maloney, P. J. Keating and Mr. Deshaw. 1904 — F. C. Deshaw. who was secretary, the only delegate seated. 1905 — J. P. O'Connell, E. Comer. J. J. Bannon. Fred Burso and C. A. Gregor. Secretary, J. P. O'Connell. 190(1— J. P. O'Connell, T. Lynch. M. Maloney. J. Daily, A. A. Huffield and 1. Burke. Secretary. Thomas Lynch. 1907 — P. J. Keating. M. Maloney. J. J. Fennessey. T. J. Corliss and Carl Blackberg. Secretary, J. f. Fennessey. 190S— P. J. Pendergast, M. Redely. C. Blackberg, T. Corliss. P. Russell and Philip Connolly. President. A. A. Huffield; secretary. S. Cote. 19(H)— M. Maloney, 11. Rogers, ('. Blackberg. P. Connelly and Thomas McCarthy. President. P. J. Connolly; secretary, Samuel Cote. li)l() — J. Bannon. Vincent Burke, J. Callaghan, W. Sullivan and M. Costello. \"incent Burke, as president, was succeeded bv I. C. Callaghan. Mr. Burke taking secretarial dtities from F. O'Donnell. 1911 — Vincent Burke, I. J. Bannon, F. Cormier. I. C. Callahan, 1. Corliss and T. McCarthy. Corliss withdrew and R. Godfrey was seated. President, J. C. Callahan; secretary, II. Carrigan. 1912 — Vincent Burke, J. Daly, T. McCarthy. H. Carrigan and M. God- frey. President, R. Godfrey; secretary, 11. Carrigan. IRON WORKERS, No. 18 (ARCHITECTURAL) Membership January 1, 11103 — 10. President — \V. F. Fogg. Secretary — J. A. Woelfel. Delegates to ( entral Labor Union — 190:]— M. \\ Haskins. I). I. Mur])hy, I. A. Sullivan. \\*. F. Fogg and 1. A. Woelfel. 1904— Xo record. llto.-i— Xo record. IRON WORKERS, No. 16 (STRUCTURAL) Membership January 1, 11)03— 100. I 'resident — 1 1 o ward Rogers. Secretary — Patrick ( larvev. Delegates to Central Labor Union — I'.h::; — |. |. Harrington, I. Beaudrv. W Cavanaugh. P. I. Garvev and A. ITenson. 1904— Xo record. 190.") — Xo record. 10OC— Xo record. 1»»4 Central Labor U.mox History LATHERS' UNION, No. 25 Membership January 1. 1003—1(1. 1 'resident — John Morgan. Secretary — J. F. Hope. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1003 — Joseph Messier. P. Beauregard, J. Morgan, J. Dion and Julian Lafleur. 190-1 — John McXeill. J. Messier, J. Morgan, Benjamin Beaudeau and Joseph Hope. Secretary, J. McXeill. 1905— T. Lafleur. J. McXeill.' J." Hope. J. Morgan and \Y. Feeney. Secretary. J. McXeill. 1906 — J. Sheehan, \Y. Russell. T. Provencher, James McCann and J. Lafleur. Secretary. J. Gorman. 1907 — A. Morehouse. R. Jarvis, J. Morgan. James Simpson and W. Ferry. Secretary. James McCann. 190S — \Y. Ferrv. R. Jarvis. H. Provencher. A. A. Roberts and T. Morgan. President. John B. Morgan: secretary. J. Hope. 1909 — J. Sheehan. \V. Ferry. Peter Wilson, F. E. Morehouse and J. McCaunt. President. J. B. Morgan ; secretary. J. Plope. 1910— P. Wilson, J. Sheehan. J. McCaunt. William' Ferry and F Demary. President, F. Demary : secretary. P. Wilson. 1911 — James McCann. J. Sheehan. C Lynch. J. Harmon and A. H. Hunt. President, J. 1!. Morgan: secretary, J. Hope. 1912 — L. Moquin. T. Leary. J. Sheehan, James Sheehan and James McCann. I 'resident. : secretary. J. Hope. LADIES' GARMENT TAILORS Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1911 — I. Silverman and Reamkow. President. J. Silverman: secretary, II. Schaffer. 1912— Xo delegates. LOOMFIXERS, No. 61 (CHICOPEE FALLS) President — P. Mahar. Secretary — A. Maney. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 19(13— P. Mahar. A. Maney. J. L Hurst. P. Hout and X. Labelle. 1904 — Xo record. 1905— Xo record. LOOMFIXERS' UNION. No. 17 (CHICOPEE) Membership January 1. 1903—50. I 'resident — Samuel Mc( 'auley. Secretary — A. Malloy. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — A. MeCaulev. C. Sawver. P. Dion. T. Kianott and A. Mallow Central Labor Uxiox History 105 190J — S. Malloy, Thomas Keegan, Charles Sawyer, Tony Venik and A. McCauley. Secretary, S. McCauley. 1005 — A. McCauley, C. Sawyer. Jacob Welch, William Linnehan and Tony Venik. Secretary, W. Bradley. I'M it;— Withdrew. LITHOGRAPHERS' UNION, No. 21 First sent delegates to the Central Labor Union in 1907. Secretary — Frank E. Scullane. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1907— F. K. Scullane, M. J. Madden, A. A. Schultz, J. Mulloney and William Strang. 1008 — Xo record. 1909— Xo record. MEAT CUTTERS AND BUTCHERS (AMALGAMATED WORKMEN) .Membership January 1. 1903 — 50. 1 'resident — M. Kominsky. Secretary — J. B. Shea. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 100:5 — W. Yosley, J. B. Shea, IL Amberg. J. Roos and M. Kominsky. 1:mi4 — Fritz Legleman, F. F. Yogel, E. Dcitrich. John Rcos and J. P.. Shea. Secretary, J. B. Shea. 10O5— Xo record. I'M If, — Xo record. MACHINISTS', No. 457 (HIGHLAND LODGE, CHICOPEE) Membership [anuarv 1. 1903 — 50. Secretary — A. A. Fredette. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1003— J. C. Hosmer and F. L Garrity. I'.hiJ — Samuel Hall and John C'. Bennett. Secretary. Samuel Hall. 10O5— J. C. Bennett, A. II. Fuller, A. A. Fredette. S. F. Hall and F. L. Garrity. Secretary. S. F. Hall, later succeeded by A. A. Fredette. 11)0(1 — J. C. Bennett. James Oaks, A. II. Fuller and Felix Labreque. Secretary. S. F. 1 [all. 1007 — Xo record. MACHINISTS' UNION, No. 214 Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1!M>7— C. L. Marsh. W. II. Allen, C. A. Macready. J. L. Poland and M. II. Lander-. Secretary. IP A. Fisher. 10OS— Xo record. I'.mi'.i— Xo record. ll>0 Central Labor Uxiox History MACHINISTS' UNION, No. 700 1907 — lames I. Crowe. I'. ]. Phelan and Charles M. Gour. Secretary, P. J. Phelan. 190S— Xo record. President — Fred E. Rice. Secretary — P. J. Phelan. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1909— Cornelius O'Shea, F. E. Rice. P. J. Phelan. A. G. Chapman and C. M. Gour. 1910— M. J. Ennis, F. E. Rice. C. M. Gour. A. G. Chapman and P. J. Phelan. President. F. E. Rice: secretary. P. J. Phelan. 1911— J. Sheridan. F. E. Rice. M. J. Ennis. C. M. Gour and P. J. Phelon. President. F. E. Rice; secretary. P. ]. Phelon. 1912— J. Sheridan. F. E. Rice. M. J. Ennis. C. M. Gour and P. J. Phelon. Secretary. P. J. Phelon. MACHINISTS' UNION, No. 589— BAY STATE LODGE Membership January 1. 1903 — 150. President — J. C. Bennett. Secretary — F. J. Sawyer. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903— A. E. Elmer. G. Xve. J. C. Bennett. C. S. Reed and [. \V. Firbv. 1904— C. S. Reed. J. C. Bennett. A. E. Elmer. J. \V. Firby and F. J. Sawyer. Secretary. F. J. Sawyer. 1905— M. Landers. J. E. Johnson. \Y. H. Hoffman and J. J. O'Hare. Secretary. J. E. Johnson. 1906— Xo record. 1907 — Xo record. MAILERS' UNION, No. 23 President — James J. Hanley. Secretary — D. A. Haggerty. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903— J. J. Hanley. \V. J. Malone. J. B. Giblin. M. F. Shea and R. J. Bannon. 1904 — Xo record. 1905— Xo record. 1900 — Xo record. METAL POLISHERS' UNION, No. 30 Membership January 1. 1903 — 50. President — Secretary — M. J. Clancy. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903— T. P. Ilogan. M. J. Markley. J. Pureed. J. Traynor and C. D. Lane. Central Labor Union History lfiT 1904 — C. G. Hart. T. J. Beattie, C. D. Lane. Dennis Shea, Fred Rivers and E. Ryan. Secretary. M. J. Clancy. 1905— W. Blake' C. G. Hart. M. J. Clancy. J. J. Mullaney and Charles Parmelee. Secretary. M. J. Clancy. 1900— C. Parmelee, C. D. Lane, R. Carroll. \Y. Blake and M. L. Hall. Secretary. C. I). Lane. 1!K)7_C. Parmelee, S. M. P.erard. P. J. Sullivan. E. \V. Steitz and M. L Hall. Secretary, E. \Y. Steitz. 190S — V. Lizotte. H. Morrissey, S. M. Berard, C. 1). Lane and C. W. Parmelee. President, C. XV. Parmelee: .secretary, E. W. Steitz. 1909— \'. Lizotte, S. M. Berard, G. I. Kingsbury, R. J. Sullivan and Charles Parmelee. President. V. Lizotte; secretary. C. Parmelee. 1D10— Y. Lizotte. C. O'Xeil, S. M. P.erard, J. Hanley and P. J. Sullivan. President, Y. Lizotte: secretarv, Charles Parmelee. 1911— M. J. Murphy. H. St. Cyr, W~. Kelly, S. H. Berard and M. E. Fitzpatrick. President. : secretary. William S. Cyr. 101^ — j. Daly. M. Markley. S. M. Berard, P. J. Sullivan and F. Whittam. President. M. Alarkley: secretary, William St. Cyr. METAL MECHANICS, No. 101 (CHICOPEE FALLS) Membership January 1. 19015 — 50. President — F. M. Sawin. Secretaries — M. L Dillon and J. T. Humberton. Delegates to Central Lahor Union — 1!K>:5 — F. M. Sawin. J. Conley, F. Bowen, M. Dillon and C. Forant. 190 1 — Withdrawn. METAL POLISHERS' UNION, No. 27 Membership January 1. 190:5 — 50. President — J. Moran. Secretarv — Part E. Moriarty. Delegates to Central Lahor Union — 190:5 — 1 ). Houlihan and P. D Moriarty. 190-1 — Xo record. Probably merged with Metal Polishers. Xo. :>o, METAL MECHANICS, No. 80 (ARMORERS) Membership January 1. 190:5 — 100. President — ( >tto Ewig. Secretaries — G. R. Goring. I ; red L. Cooley and J. T. Dumberton. Delegate^ to Central Lahor Union — 190:5 — ]•". II. Pearson, ( i. R. Goring. L. M. Lovering. Frving Xve and P. P. Lynch. 1904— C. P. Riley. L. 11. Pearson. P. Scanlon. J. J. Dady and P. R. Page. Secretarv. |. T. 1 1 umberti »n. 1905 — Xo record. 100li_Xo record. 1»'> S Central Labor Union History MINISTERS' ASSOCIATION Fraternal delegate — 1910— Rev. Dr. F. \Y. Merrick. T.i 11 — Rev. Dr. F. \Y. Merrick. 1912— Rev. Dr. F. W. Merrick. MOVING PICTURE OPERATORS, No. 186 First delegates to Central Labor Union in 1910. President— H. B. Schock. Secretary—C. F. Hill. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1910— F. E. Blanchard. G. F. Hill and H. B. Schock. 1911— F. Fennessey, J. A. Gattel. A. Willis. E. Wilbur. \Y. H. Ritchie and H. lb Schock. Secretary, ( ",. F. Hill. 1912— G. F. Hill. H. lb Schock. \\\ Clark and \V. H. Ritchie. Presi- dent. H. B. Schock: secretarv. G. F. Hill. MUSICIANS' UNION, No. 171 Membership January 1. 1903 — 360. President — \Y. F. Stebbins. Secretary — F. L. Seaver. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — A. Pero. H. Dyson. E. \Y. Burnett. Thomas Carr. Sr.. and T. 1!. Carroll. 1904— P. J. Healy. C. \\". Rate-. C. A. Salsman and T. B. Carroll. Secretary. A. J. Jacobs. 1905— H. E. Gibbs. S. J. Heffner and T. lb Carroll. Secretary. E. 11. Lyman. T.)0fi — E. A. Woodward and T. lb Carroll. 19i>7 — T. B. Carroll. E. J. Sheehan and F. Otto. inns — T. lb Carroll. Xo other delegate recorded. Secretary. G. lb Pearson. T.Mill — C. lb Spencer. T. B. Carroll. J. II. \'an de Water and A. Premo. Secretarv. Herbert Shumwav. lltlO— W. F. Stebbins. C. L. Hoyt". Charles S. O'Regan, T. P.. Carr.. 11 and C F. Pearson. President. ( i. F. Pearson; secretary. C. S. ( )'Regan. T.M1— W. lb Stebbins. H. A. Shumway. T. lb Carroll and F. W. Otto. President, F. \\". Otto; secretary, 11. \. Shumwav. 11H2— F. \Y. Otto. T. lb Carroll. II. A. Shumwav. W. F. Stebbins and b. P.. Woodworth. President, lb W. Otto; secretarv, 11. A. Shumwav. Central Labor Union History 169 NAPPERS' UNION, No. 336 (CHICOPEE FALLS) Membership January 1, 1903 — 25. I 'resident — XV. Hines. Secretary — J. F. Murphy. Delegates to Central Labor Union — lIMi:;— J. F. Murphy, P. Madden, M. Devine. D. Leary and \V. Hines. 1901 — P. Madden, j. F. Murphy, M. Devine, \Y. Hines and M. Sullivan. Secretary, J. F. Murphy. 1905 — Withdrew from Central body February 5, 1905. PAPER MAKERS' UNION, No. 14 Membership January 1, 1903—350. 1 'resident — II. A. Goodman. Secretary — J. D. Xaylor. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 11)03— H. Wells. J. Pillsbury, William Savin, James Donald and John Rapple. 1904 — Suspended. 1905 — Xo record. 19(H) — Xo record. PAINTERS' UNION, No. 299 (CHICOPEE) Membership January 1, 1903 — 50. I 'resident — Thomas II. Brady. Secretary — .Charles A. Parker. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 11103 — Thomas II. Brady, P. M. Larleur, A. Founder, A. T. Snyder and C. A. Parker. 1904 — C. ( ). Rogers. X. Parsons, A. Gagnon, A. T. Snyder and A. E. Messier. Secretary, C. A. Parker. 19or» — Withdrew from Central body to join Chicopee. PAINTERS' UNION, No. 257 Membership January 1. 1903—250. President — B. J. Finn. Secretary — M. M. Cunningham. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 190.".— M. J. I'.agley, M. M. Cunningham. 1'.. J. Finn. W. 11. Grady, George Payne. Douglas, I!. A. Beker and F. Ik Dow. 1904—11. W. Fvarts. W. il. Grady. I'.. J. Finn. George Payne and ( ieorge fameson. Secretary, M. M. Cunningham. 11)05 — (ieorge A. Payne, II. Aiken, II. W. Fvarts. M. Skehan and W. 11. Gradv. Secretary, (ieorge A. Payne. 11)00 — (',. A. Payne. W. II. Gradv. I. Xicholson, Thomas Costello and II. K. Woods. Secretary." F." Ik Dow. 1907 — W. II. Gradv (elected president Central Labor Union). IT. 170 Central Labor L'xiox History 1907— W. H. Griffith. C. I). Blakeslee and G. W. Clark. Secretary, W. ii. Griffith. 190>— G. \Y. Clark. G. F. Losee. Howard Mendon. C. 1). Blakeslee and Frank Rickel. President. E. S. Dillawav; secretary. < i. W. ('lark. 19<>9— G. W. Clark. C. I). Blakeslee. W. II. Allen. F. Bic'kel and George F. Losee. President. I Inward Mendon ; secretary, G. \\ . ('lark. 1910 — \n record. l'.Ml — \\". II. Allen. M. Gleaman. H. Volz. F. R. Linke and II. G. Mendon. President. H. G. Mendon: secretary. \Y. 11. Allen. 1912 — C. Mason. J. Campbell. \\". P. Dijon. C. I). Blakeslee and II. T. Mendon. President. II. A. Yolz : secretary. H. T. Mendon. PLUMBERS' UNION. No. 89 Membership January 1. 190.3 — 100. President — George Bath. Secretaries — T. G. Sulliyan and J. P. Walls. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — YY. II. Porter. J. Coughlin, I). Colby. Joseph Smith. J. Fitzpatrick, Edward S. Hanks and < ). A. Mcintosh. 1904 — T. G. Sullivan. J. Smith. O. A. Mcintosh. C. O'Brien. J. Ouimette and Eugene Sullivan. Secretary. |. P. Walls. 1905— R. J. Fitzgerald. W. Henry. Patrick Shea. J. P. Walls. J. Fitz- patrick and (). A. Mcintosh. Secretary, C. I. O'Brien, who was succeeded later by C. F. Burke. 190(3— E. L. Hanks. W. Henry. M. J. Scanlon. D. J. Harrington and V. T. Graham. Secretary. P. J. Shea. 1907 — W. Hutchings. J. Drinan. 1). Colby. J. Ouimette and P. J. Shea. The latter was secretary. 190S — D. McCarthy. J. Ouimette. J. Scanlon. F. Parkin and D. Colby. President. I). Colby: secretary. D. P.. McCarthy. 1909_D. E. McCarthy. W. Brise. C. Conway. F. Michelitz and J. Beauchemin. President. W. J. Brise; secretary, D. F. McCarthy. 1910— L. A. (hidden. D. Colby. II. Munsell. C. Merchant and J. Scanlon. Munsell and Merchant withdrew. D. E. McCarthy being seated in December. President, J. Beauchemin; secretary, E. P. Demars. 1911— I). F. McCarthy. M. Gettman. M. J. Scanlon. J. Beauchemin and F. Conway. President. A. Gettman: secretary. J. Beauchemin. 1912 — L. (hidden. T. Hourihan. C. Conway. A. Gettman and D. E. McCarthy. President. D. Colby: secretary, J. beauchemin. PRESSMENS' UNION Membership January 1. 190.'! — l'.~>. President— F. H. Cooke. Secretary — F. J. Casey. Delegate- to Central Labor Union — 19o:j — Thomas Condon. E. J. Casey. C. J. Morrissey. J. J. McCormack and F. A. Goddard. Central Labor Union History 171 Aiken. T. II. Bradv, XV. A. Baker and [. Hawthorn. Secretary, M. F. Skehan. 1908— J. Hawthorn. \Y. H. ( irady. I!. J. Finn. II. K. Wood and J. H. Sinclair. Hawthorn. Finn and Sinclair withdrew, loseph Xichol- son, Lawrence Fortier and < i. Payne being seated in their stead. President. T. II. Brady; secretary. M. F. Skehan. 1909— W. H. (irady. II. K. Woods. S. Fortier. G. A. Payne and M. J. Rowland. President, M. J. Rowland; secretary, M. F. Skehan. who was succeeded by J. Bigelow. 1010 — P. H. Triggs, G. A. Payne. J. Xicholson. P. Fortier and J. Flint- ham; the last three were succeeded by W. II. (irady, F. P. Dow and E. B. Hilton. Mr. Hilton giving way later to Rupert Werner. President. II. K. Wood; secretary, I. P. Bigelow. 1011— P. II. Triggs. T. II. Brady, F. B.'Dow, G. A. Payne and \\". IP Gradv. President, W. II. (irady; secretary. \. P. Bigelow. 1012— G. A'. Payne. W. IP (irady. F. B. Dow. P.' I i Triggs' and M. J. Rowland. President, F. E. Lonergan : secretary, 1. P. Bigelow. PROMPTERS' UNION Membership January 1. 1903 — 50. President — E. F. Connolly. Secretary — ( i. V. Lovely. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1003 — E. < i. Norton, II. Bromage, E. F. Connolly. Pen Chadwick and Charles Schilling. 19U4 — Pen Chadwick. A. |. Graconia. ( i. Ledeaux. W. M. Burns and E. F. Connolly. Secretary. G. V. Lovely. 10O.-)— X. J. Comfort. W. M. Burns. I-;. F. Connolly. R. M. Xeidel and j. I). Kelly. Secretary. ( i. V. Lovely. 19O0— E. F. Connolly. O. W. [ lager, J. I). Kelly. A. J. Graconia and W. W. Bemis. Secretary. ( i. \". Lovely. 1907— E. S. Root. J. I). Kelly. F. J. Sullivan. I ). Harrington and E. F. Connolly. Secretary. ( i. V. Lovely. 10OS — Xo record. 1909 — Xo record. 191<>— Xo record. 19] 1— Xo delegate-. 1912— C. Schilling. W. G. Ryan. G. Ledoux. E. ('. Brown and T. Welch. President. W. G. Ryan: secretary. E. F. Connolly. PHOTO-ENGRAVERS" UNION. No. 33 Combined with Hartford Local up to 1904. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1904 — George W. (lark. Secretary. W. II. Griffith of Hartford. 19(>.">— A. Babbidge. A. Kolbner and W. II. Griffth. Secretary. W. 11. ( iriffith. l!Mli;— G. |). Blakeslee. W. I), (iriffith. W. P. Vansicklin and A. L. BabbiiDe. Secretaiw. W. [ I. I iriffith. 172 Central Labor Union History 1904 — J. J. Roach, II. Springer and C. C. Loughlin. Secretary. E. J. Casey. 1905 — A. Benoit, C. Morrissey and J. Dolan. Secretary, E. J. Casey. 19U0 — Xo delegates recorded. 1907 — Xo delegates recorded. 1908— J. P. Dolan. James Frye, J. McCall. M. Randell and J. Linnehan. Secretary, J. F. Dolan. 1909 — Xo delegates sent. 1910 — W. T. Casey. J. I). Barrett, \Y. King. J. Le Roy Provost and G. Wade. President. J. G. Provost ; secretary. J. D. Barrett. These officers were succeeded by J. A. McCall as president and A. F. Benoit as secretary. 1911 — Xo delegates on records. 1912— H. F. Margerie, F. C. Murphy and F. Cook. Secretary. A. F. Benoit. QUARRYMEN'S UNION, No. 9606 (Number changed to 30 in 1900.) Membership January 1. 1903—104. President— T. ( )'Donnell. Secretary — F. A. Knudson. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903— J. \Y. Roberts. S. J. Cormier. F. A. Knudson. \Y. Bailey. T. O'Donnell and M. McGuill. 1904 — C. Jackson. M. McGuill. R. Dobson, A. Oleson and R. Solomon. Secretary. T. \V. S])eight. 1905 — R. Solomon. C. Asklin and C. Jacobson. Secretary. Robert Solomon. 190(1 — \Y. Richards, R. Solomon. C. Swanson, \\". Bailey and J. Peter- son. Secretary. YV. (1. Richards. 1907 — W, Bailey. ( i. Redin. J. A. Rydstett and Olaf Jacobson. Secre- tary. W. H. Richards. 19os — \\'. Bailey. George Redding and William Richards. 1909 — W. Bailey. W. Richards. R. W. Dobson. J. Cavanaugh and J. Gaudell. President. J. A. Johnson; secretary. W. Bailey. 191(1 — A. Xelson. E. Bourgeois. J. Johnson. W. Bailey and R. Dobson. President, S. T. Cormier ; secretary. W. Bailey. 1911— \Y. Bailey. I-:. A. Bourgeois. G. Xelson. J. A. Johnson and R. W. Dobson. President. W. Bailey: secretary. J. Cormier. 1912 — J. A. Johnson, W. Bailey, E. A. Bourgeois. G. Redding and G. Xelson. President. < i. A. Redding: secretary. G. Xelson. SHEET METAL WORKERS' UNION, No. 27 Membership January 1. 1903—100. President — A. A. Matthews. Secretary — E. F. McEneany. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 19u:;_ A. A. Matthews. J. C. Osborn, B. F. Whelden. C. H. Cypher and C. F. McEneanv. .Central Labor Union History 173 1904— E. F. McEneany, J. F. O'Brien. H. A. Hanschild. R. J. Spellman and A. A. Matthews. Secretary, A. A. Matthews. liXtr, — R. J. Spellman. C. \Y. Pomeroy. M. F. Clark. A. A. Matthews and B. F. Whelden. Secretary, A. A. Matthews. 1900— A. A. Matthews, C. E. Dearden. M. F. Clark. C. \V. Pomeroy and \Y. F. Coyer. Secretary, A. A. Matthews. 1!M)7— A. A. Matthews, J. Demars, M. Smith. G. H. Williams. J. F. Higgins and Samuel House. A. A. Matthews was secretary. 1908— C. F. Dearden, J. V. McCormick, S. House, J. F. Higgins and P. Geissler. President. J. V. McCormick; secretary, J. F. Higgins. 1909— S. House. E. C. Finnegan, J. F. Higgins. M. F. Clark and P. Ouimette. President. J. F. Higgins; secretary. P. Ouimette. 1910 — J. S. Donahue. J. Thiheau. G. Fletcher, G. F. Williams and J. McCormick. President. J. F. Higgins; secretary. J. S. Donohue. 1911 — J. McCormick. J. F. Higgins. L. Ouimette. W. Kingston and J. S. Donohue. President. C. E. Dearden: secretary. J. S. Donohue. 1912 — J. L. Higgins. W. Kingston. J. McCormick and L. Ouimette. President. G. A. Williams; secretary. J. S. Donohue. SHIRT WAIST AND LAUNDRY WORKERS' UNION, No. 117 Membership January 1. 1903 — 150. President— D. J. O'Brien. Secretary — Theresa A. Broderick. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — M. B. Lamont. Theresa A. Broderick. M. Lavery, D. J. O'Brien and T. O. Brochu. 11)04 — [. Lamothe, T. ( ). Brochu, D. J. O'Brien and A. O'Brien. Secre- tary. Miss C. Vezina. 1905 — Ann Flanagan, Kate Coakley, Lucinda Victor, Kate Hnefel and Alice Chapin. Secretary. Lucinda Victor of the Co-operative Laundry. 1900 — Xo record. 1907 — Xo record. STAGE EMPLOYES, No. 53 Membership January 1. 1903 — 57. President — 1). A. Haggerty. Secretary — J. L. Dickinson. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1003— Edward Hickev, F. II. Morrill. L. 1-7 Morrill. D. A. Haggerty and 17 IT. Pease. 1904— August Miller. 17 Pease. T. Moran. 1). A. Haggerty and L. Morrill. Secretary. J. L. Dickinson, llio,-, — [.', McCarthy. 17 C. McCarthy. I). Haggerty. Fugene Horan and George 17 Hill. Secretary. J. L. Dickinson. Ifioi; — George 17 Hill. 17 II. Pease. 17 P. Belmont. 17 McCarthy and L. 17 Morrill. Secretary, f. L. Dickinson. 174 Central Labor Union History 1907— I). A. Haggerty, 1). L. Morse. E. McCarthy. F. Sullivan and 11. Shipley. Secretary. J. L. Dickinson. 19(18— D. A. Haggcrty. E. McCarthy. E. J. Doyle. F. C. Burlingame and (i. F. Hill. President, D. A. Haggerty; secretary, J. L. Dick- inson. 1009— T. Casey. F. C. McCarthy. G. L. Calmer. E. Horan and P. F. Malone. President. D. A. Haggerty; secretary. J. L. Dickinson. liHO— D. A. Haggerty. E. Sheehan, L. E. Morrill. 1-:. McCarthy and (i. L. Palmer. President, G. P. Palmer: secretary. J. P. Dick- inson. 1911— L. P. Morrill, E. Sheehan, F. C. McCarthy. \Y. Meldrum and I. P. Bresnan. Secretary. 1. P. Dickinson. 1912— E. McCarthy. D. A. Haggerty, \Y. \Y. Parker. A. Shaw and \V. '1". Casey. President. I). Haggerty; secretary. J. P. Dickinson. SLASHER TENDERS' UNION, No. 54 (CHICOPEE) Membership January 1, 1903 — 12. President — J. Miller. Secretary — O. \Y. McCoy. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — Octave Balieu. lerrv Deady, R. Ferguson. J. Miller and Tony Sitka. 1904 — Xo delegates seated. Secretary. O. \Y. McCoy. 1005 — Xo further record. SODA WATER WORKERS' UNION, No. 11209 Membership 1903—50. President — J. Purke. Secretary — T. IP Slattery. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — |. Sears. T. H. Slattery. Warren Xewcombe, J. Fl. Jameson and Jule> St. John. 1904 — Suspended. 1905 — Xo further record. STEAM FITTERS' UNION, No. 21 Membership January 1. 1903 — 50. President — J. Driscoll. Secretary — R. C. Spencer. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — 1. Driscoll. F. McClean. P. I. McKinnon. J. J. Gubbins and J. Walch. 1:1114 — I. Gubbins, F. I.. Fox, F. McClean, Thomas Morris and Thomas Cummings. Secretary. R. C. Spencer. 1905— T. I. Morris. J. J. Dubbins. ('. Kennedy. 11. 1. Milner ami F, McClean. Secretary, [. I. Gubbins. Central Labor Union History 175 190t;— F. McClean, I). \Y. Coughlin. II. J. Milner, W. J. Halley and J. J. Gubbins — latter wa.- secretary. 191)7—). E. Fitzgerald, Levi Bessette, H. G. Milner. P. F. Mansfield and T. P. Cummings. Secretary. J. J. Gubbins. l!)(is— F. McClean. P. F. Mansfield and L. Bresette. President, R. Milner: secretary. 1 ; . B. Ramsdell. lliuii — 1'. Mansfield, |. Ross, J. Martell, Thomas Rooney and F. Mc- Clean. President. \Y. P. Burke; secretary. R. J. Carleton. 1910 — Xo record. 1*>12 — E. L. Fox. F. Ramsdell, S. J. Mitchell. L. S. Mellen and If. Owens. President, \V. Daly; secretary. \Y. J. Lyons. STEREOTYPERS AND ELECTROTYPERS' UNION, No. 44 Membership January 1. 190:3 — (',. President — 1 1. J. Baggs. Secretary — F. J. Cook. Delegates to Central Labor Union — l!Hi:j— J. II. Adams, F. j. Yiggers, J. F. Byrnes. J. T. Buntin and F. I. Look. ( The other member's name is not given in the records.) 1:104 — John King. Xo other delegate seated. Secretary. E. 1. Cook. IJHI.-1— H. J. P.agg. W. P. Barry. J. F. Byrnes. F. J. Cook "and P. A. Murphy. Secretary. E. J. Look, who was succeeded this year hv P. A. Murphy. IJ'MMi— \\\ Kirby, P. A." Murphy, J. F. Byrnes. 11. J. P.agg and M. J. Horsey. Secretary. II. J. P.agg. L.toT— M. J. 'Horsey. P. A. Murphy. E. J. Cook. 11. J. Bagg and J. F. Byrnes. Secretary. A. Lockwood. l3 — Mary Hronek, Josie Rrinker. Mary F. Collins. Mary Garvev and Mr-. Annie Brennan. Central Labor Union History 177 1904 — Kate Terry, Mrs. Annie Rrennan, Mary Garvey, Mamie Coleman and Helen Crowley. Secretary, Mary E. Collins. 1905 — Annie Skala, Mary Garvey, Xellie Crowley, Mamie Coleman and Mrs. Brennan. Secretary. Mary E. Collins. 190t; — Xo record. 1907 — Xo record. 190b — Mrs. Brennan, M. Hendrick. M. Cormier, K. McKenzie and M. Yincens. President, Mrs. Brennan; secretary. Miss Xora Grady. 1909— Mrs. Brennan, M. Hendrick, M. Cormier. K. McKenzie and M. Yincens. 1910— Mrs. Brennan, Mrs. M. Cormier, Mrs. K. McKenzie. Miss M. Bly and Miss Annie Cormick. President, Mrs. K. McKenzie: secretary. Miss Grace McCleary. 1911 — A. Yasa. Mrs. K. McKenzie, Miss Mary Garvey and Miss Xettie Twenty. President, Miss Xettie Twenty; secretary. Miss Grace McCleary. 1U1-J — Miss Mary Garvey, Miss Anna Yasa. Miss Margaret Teahan, Miss Margaret lily and Mrs. K. McKenzie. President. Miss Garvey; secretary. Miss Xettie Twenty. TENDERS (BEAMER), No. 397 Membership January 1, 1903 — 100. President— T. M. Leflue. Secretary — M. K. Cooney. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — George E. Leil, Thomas Donnelly and X. J. Baker. 1904 — Suspended. 19(»r» — Xo record. 190(5— Xo record. TAILORS' UNION, No. 26 Membership January 1, 1903 — (50. President — Theodore 1 lagberg. Secretary— P. B. MeCabe. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 190.", — T. Graffe. X. Christenson. T. Hagberk. August A. Xaumann and J. Kirk. 190-1 — 1). Lundquist. August A. Xaumann. Charles Hagman, I. \'alask and John Kirk. Secretary. 1'. B. MeCabe. 190,") — E. Grohowski, Carl Johnson, (ins Eager, Anton Lindgren and S. A. Xelson. Secretary. E Grohowski. 190(5 — August A. Xaumann, M. Laviczka. E. Morrin, J. Delalla and 1. Kirk. Secretary. E. (irohowski. 1907 — Johan Kirk. T. Lcvine, J. Heinon. Carl I.udwig and A. Lund- quist. Secretary. P. B. MeCabe. 190.s — f. Abbins. W. IVmenchcttc. 11. Shapiro and X. Mageara Presi- dent. 1. Kirk: secretary, E. Grohowski. IT'S Central Labor Union History 1!)0!) — G. Henry. W. Iledman. G. F. Anderson and M. Wognacca. G. Bergman was seated without credentials at September meeting. President. August Felt; secretary. Francis Grohowski. 1910— F. J. Lynch, \Y. Lavitzka, August Felt, J. Kirk and J. Ricci. President. Otto Lbscher ; secretary, F. (jrohowski. 1011— X. McUuasca. E. Lelander. II. Forf. - - Ryd. J. Kirk and ( ). lbscher. President, < ). lbscher; secretary. F. (irohowski. 11(12 — L. Erickson, F. 1. Lynch, 1). Melonick, A. Xaumann and M. Krentz. President, J. Kirk; secretary, L. Erickson. TEXTILE WORKERS, No. 354 (CHICOPEE FALLS) Membership January 1. 11)03 — 532. President — J. Pinkos. Secretary — I. S. Grabowski. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 10<»3 — Albert Beida, F. Stasiowski, I. S. Grabowski, V. Walczak and J. Lach. 1904— Suspended. 19<>5 — Xo record. 190(5 — Xo record. TEXTILE WORKERS' No. 720 Delegates to Central Labor Union — lit 11 — M. Alinska, P. Xovak, J. Talenrionski, Carl Johnson and J. Fierlet. 1912 — A. Chrzau. J. Palz. J. Szemeka. J. Fierlet and J. G. Mineszewski. President. J. G. Mineszewski; secretary. J. Fierlet. TEXTILE WORKERS, No. 763 Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1912 — J. H. Lavard, A. Parent, E. Lavoie, 1). Parent and A. Baron. President. G. Plummer ; secretary. J. 11. Lavard. TEXTILE WORKERS' No. 315 Secretary — \V. Buba. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903 — 11. Dembski. \Y. Buba, Joseph Bryniaeski, John Drovd and T. Zolenski. 19(»4 — Suspended. 19(15 — Xo record. piot; — Xo record. TILE LAYERS, No. 31 Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1!)12— \Y. Watson. J. Buckley. \Y. McXulty, C. Joslyn and G I-:. Mnl- lins. President, 1. Hutton: secretary, G. Mclntvre. Central Labor Uxion History 179 C. M. & C. TILE LAYERS, No. 31, OF HARTFORD Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1910— J. L. Hoyes. 11)1 1 — Xo rco.nl. TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION, No. 216 Membership January 1. 1903 — 144. President — F. B. Cobb. Secretaries — A. \V. Harrington and \Y. L. Suydam. Delegates to Central Labor Union — I'.mi:; — Charles B. Porter, F. M. Saltus, Parker Worth, George Murch and Lewis E. Atwater. 1904 — C. B. Porter, 11. Schleuter, \\". Cox. L. E. Atwater, K. Campion, J. F. Wright and P. J. O'Brien. Secretary. W. L. Suydam. 1905— L. E. Atwater, C. P.. Porter, J. F. Wright, K. Campion and D. F. Friese. Secretary, A. W. Harrington. 1900— Parker Worth, W. W. Parker, D. F. Lriese. J. F. Wright and George Murch. Secretary, W. W. Parker. 1907— W. W. Parker. C. P.. Porter. C. D. Dole, H. T. Cooke and P. T. Meehan. Secretary, W. W. Parker. 190S— C. P. Porter. G. Murch, M. V. Harris, W. W. Barker and IP T. Cooke. President. J. R. C. Browning; secretary, W. W. Parker. 190!)— W. W. Barker, H. T. Cooke. H. (7 Long. C. B. Porter and E. MaGowan. Messrs. Long and MaGowan were substituted by Marshall G. Carr and J. Mulroney about July. President, I. R. C. Browning; secretary, W. W. Parker. 191(1 — C. P. Porter. J. R. I". Browning, A. !■'. Hardwick. 17 H. Dunham and J. B.Hennessey. Mr. Browning resigned and was succeeded bv lames S. Sherburne. President, ( . B. Porter; secretary, A. 17 Hardwick. 11)11 — C. P. Porter. J. S. Sherburne, 11. T. Cooke, A. 17 Hardwick and C. S. O'Uegan. President. C. P.. Porter; secretary. A. 17 Hard- wick. 11*1 li — C. P. Porter. J. S. Sherburne. C. S. ( )'Rcgan. J. 17 Wright and A. 17 Hardwick. President, C. P. Porter; secretary, A. 17 I lard wick. UPHOLSTERERS' UNION, No. 50 Membership January 1. llio.", — .">o. President — P. A. Fortin. Secretary — W. A. J. Schmelzinger. Delegates to Central Labor L'nion — liMCi— T. W. Connelley, John Lawless, M. Connell. \7 17 St. lacques and P. A. I7)rtin. 1904 — Suspended. 190.". — Xo record. 190(5 — Xo record. IbO Central Labor Union History WASTE HANDLERS' UNION, No. 8964 Membership January 1, 1903 — 22. i 'resident — J. Cunningham. Secretary — M. ( .)' Brien. Delegates to Central Labor Union — 1903— J. 1). Cunningham. P. Shea. Patrick Shea. M. Walsh and Daniel Curran. 1904 — Xo delegate recorded. Secretary. M. O'Brien. 1905 — Patrick Shea. D. Brennan. T. Murphy and \Y. Armstrong. Secre- tary. Patrick Cullinan. 1906— P. B. Sullivan. C. Sullivan, D. Kelly and James Walsh. 1907— M. O'Brien. E. McXamara, J. Mann. M. O'Brien and P. Dillon. Secretary. E. McXamara. 190S— T. Bastion, Patrick Shea (1) and Patrick Shea (2). President, E. Griffin, later succeeded by Peter Dillon; secretary.- ]. Whelan, Sr. 1909— Xo record. 1910— E. Maher, M. O'Brien (1). M. O'Brien (2). P. Shea and C. Smith. President. Peter Dillon ; secretary, E. Maher. 1912 — Peter Dillon and M. O'Brien. President. Peter Dillon; secretary, James O'Xeil. rO ALL who have con- tributed in any Way to the success of this little volume by patronizing our advertising space, contributions and good will, the committee render hearty thanks. The labor union men of this city have a keen eye for their friends and we trust the returns will be commensurate with the interest taken in our Work by the merchants of Springfield and vicinity. Springfield Photo Engraving Company MAKERS OF High-Grade Printing Plates Designing, Illustrating, Retouching Color Plates, Electrotyping Mechanical Subjects a Specialty 3 Post Office Square Springfield, Massachusetts L. WARREN PALTZ & CO. = PRINTERS = GOOD PRINTING — When you want it and the way you Want it, at prices consistent with such work 1 Center Street Chicopee, Mass. J. WATSON FLANNERY ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW Springfield, Mass. J. A. DAIGLE Book and Job PRINTER Scud us just one Trial Order Telephone 2G-13 R»-ar Trl Main Street INDIAN ORCHARD. MASS. Brunswick Alleys 16— ALLEYS— 16 ST Wnrthington St. Springfield, Mass. CLOUGH'S RESTAURANT ESTABLISHED D:c Lunches for CLUBS. S< (CIETIES, OUTING RARTIES. Rtc. 137 Alain St. Sprin.ytii'ld. Mass. < 'i mipliments i if T. P. SAMPSON ( i nnplimt nts i if King's Public Market l."i'-ir>4 State St. Spriim-tield, Mass. ' '' 'in | ilinielits Springfield Bottling Co. ( ;. K. P< iYXTi i.V. Pr-.p. With my CREDIT CHECKS Vim can fH'i credit nf the big De- partment and Ciutliing Stmvs at adver- tised CASH 1'ARCAIN PRICES and j ay a little ;i week J. J. TANZEY 1 :,-sse S> Stem 1 Me_. :\:,*\ Main StlVi t This is the International Photo-Engravers Union Label IT COSTS NO MORE, AND IS A SURE MARK OF MERIT ASK FOR IT ON YOUR CUTS The Springfield Photo - Engravers Union, No. 57 When you order your printing ask for this label on it. It shows patronage of local industry ami will be appreciated by the Allied Printing Trades. International Alliance Bill Posters and Billers of America Local Union, No. 15 CARD TACKING WINDOW BILLING Distributing for Dances, Concerts, Etc. ERWIN O. BLAIR TELEPHONE F' iR RINTINU "AS YOU LIKE IT" 293 MAIN STREET, SPRINGFIELD IT'S PRIME The Rich, mellow and appetizing flavor of HAMPDEN ALE commends this beverage to the many who appreciate the pleas- ure and satisfaction to be had in drinking a prime, full bodied, old English Style Ale SOLD IN BOTTLES AND ON DRAUGHT Springfield Breweries Co. SPRINGFIELD, MASS. POLI'S SUMMER Stock Company NOW PLAYING Brilliant, Artistic, Great Plays Compliments of E. F. CONNOLLY 04 Dwight Street Tel. 2291 Springfield, Mass. ( 'ompliments of Springfield's OLDEST and LARGEST STRICTLY RETAIL HOME FUR- NISHING ESTABLISHMENT. The Hersey Furniture Company 35-37 West Worthington Street Myrick Building, Springfield Small Accounts Are gladly received at this bank, and accommodation, in proportion to his means, is cheerfully extended to the small depositor. It is never too early to establish your credit with a good bank. THE CHAPIN NATIONAL BANK CHARACTER LOTHES For .Men and Young Men Bear the Union Label Harry Daniel 277-279 Main Street Springfield, Mass. 20 Main Street Northampton, Mass. Carry a complete assortment at Daniel's. LOW PRICES QUALITY SERVICE GOOD PRINTING As You Want It When You Want It T OUR PRINTING HE kind you ought to use, and when you ought to have it, that is, WHEN YOU NEED IT We have contracted the habit of pleasing our customers, by giving them not only GOOD WORK, but by giving it to them on time. If your products are worth Publicity, Daily News Quality Printing is the kind you want. Our business is not confined to Springfield, but we aim to give our customers, wherever situated, "WHAT THEY WANT, WHEN THEY WANT IT" Daily News Job Print and Bindery " THE QUALITY PRESS " Telephone 3360 344 Dwight Street Springfield, Mass. Garratt S . Barry AT THE ARCH Subway Cafe GUYOTT & CO. Springfield Mass. THE HOUSE WITH AN ESTABLISHED REPUTATION FOR PURE, STRAIGHT LIQUORS : : : : 271 Bridge St. Phone 546 Compliments of N. L. BYRON FUNERAL DIRECTOR Best Place in New England To Eat HENKING'S LYMAN ST. SPRINGFIELD, MASS. JOHN H. CLUNE INSURANCE 573 Main St., Springfield, Mass. NEW Mansion House 510-522 Alain St., Springfield, Alass. P. B. & J. J. SULLIVAN UNION -MADE PAPER Branny the watermark ol ." the Paper Makers' L nion, can be supplied on ^ request. ^-^^ >-;-;C^ " . P - R CLASSY STATIONERY Envelopes, Cards. Posters Circulars, Program* Menus, Tickets :■ ~™-^-^^^ Invitations ■''^,>-_^^\ Blanks. T ry /^ ^^-^TR*pES|tffi ]council>~^ > v s iiy / / Ink Smeared on Paper \\ / / Is not the kind of Printing you want to pay for \ \ /• / " DUBLICITY" Printing is different from V \ / : .• i A others — the arrangement is tasty, the \ \ /...-:/ type is clear the presswork is faultless and V. \ — — -f '.: I the prices are always reasonable. ' ' ' C] This superior quality, together with our |. ~- — , v '•;: ':■:■ A excellent service and prompt deliveries, have j i 1 \ \ won for us many satisfied customers. / ■■' / V '. \ CJ We will make your printing be what it /. ./ \ ;A should be — if you will let us. r j \\ Publicity Printing Co. // \ \ 377 Dwight Street :: Springfield, Mass. / \. ■Vv Telephone 41 / ■. / older ^^^ ^~"~ — — — — - — ~~"^^ ^"^^ vou to help ^^--~^L ''"■' ^>^ wanl a < ommittees ' ;— _ etc . in ordering printing, the office is cpen evenings by appoint men', or our man will call on you ^ : — usetu! memo pad. " T hings 1 Must Do To-day,' write lor it on your husi ness letterhead, //'.s sen/ rree THE LUBOLD CAFE Lunch at All Hours H. E. LUBOLD, "Proprietor Schlitz, Milwaukee and Springfield Breweries Co. 's LAGER and ALES on DRAUGHT BASS and STOCK ALE Drawn from the Wood 1 1 Lyman Street, Near Main Springfield, Mass. Bernard J. Delaney Co. Agents for FRANK JONES BREWING COMPANY Bottlers of the Old Fashioned Lively Ales and Porters, Wholesale and The Artisan HOLYOKE, MASS. Official Organ of Springfield, Holyoke, Westfleld and Chicopee Central Labor Unions Pure California Wines at $1 per Gallon 599-603 Mam St. Tel. 1330 Springfield. Mass. Phone 434, Holyoke. ARTISAN PUB. CO. E. S. ALDEX, Editor. Pres. Xo. 253 Thos. F. Harrington Jiihii P. Harrington Thos. F. Harrington & Co. Credit Clothiers For MEN and WOMEN We Clothe the Family for $1 Per Week 206 Worthington St., Springfield, Mass. Cards Telephone 5633 Billheads Letterheads Statements < 'irculars Envelopes CHARLES BLUME UNION J O B PRINTER Printing 123 Lyman St. of Every < 'or. < 'hestnut St. Description Room 32 SPPJXGI-TELD. MASS. Hotel Bellevue 267-269 Alain St.. Cor. Taylor European Plan. Rooms 75c Pp Dining Room a la Carte JAMES L. HAWK" INS. E'rop. " BAER IN MIND " Royal Baer 10c CIGAR G. BAER & SONS, Makers Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance Company LARGEST FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY Chartered by the State of Massachusetts Cash Capital $2,000,000.00 Springfield Agents OPPENHEIMER & FIELD 14 FORT STREET Compliments of HAMPDEN HAY & GRAIN COMPANY I >ealers in Flour, < Jrain and < 'oal H. UOLSTETX, Mgr. !»;_ .Main St.. Springfield, Mass. < 'i unpliments of Wyckoff & Lloyd Company 19 Worthington St. HEATING and PLUMBING Compliments of LUDWIG & CO Piano Dealers HEAR ! THE GRAFONOLA Columbia Phonograph Co., Gen' 208 WORTHINGTON ST. LIBERTY BEER tjlt's made for the man who wants the very best. If you are particularly fussy about the beer you drink you will find perfect satisfaction in Liberty Beer. The Liberty Brewing Co. SPRINGFIELD, MASS. M. J. SLATTERY Manufacturer of SODA of All Kinds Carbonated Water WATER ST. SPRINGFIELD, MASS. Telephone, 5734 Compliments S. A. RYAN CO. Incorporated WHOLESALE LIQUOR DEALERS 17ft and 1S3 Main Street Telephone 2133 Springfield, Mass FAIR SQUARE CREDIT We give you the same buying power that is en- joyed by people of large means. They can get credit because they are known to have money and we will give credit to anybody who is honest. BENJAMIN GOLDSTEIN, Inc. 17-19 Elm Street Springfield, Mass. Tel. 5441 Glickman & Kushner WHOLESALE WINES AND LIQU< >RS Orders Delivered to all Parts of the Citv 169% Main Street SPRINGFIELD, MAS? The Union Drug Store Charles E. Rieutord of Springfield Importer and Wholesale LIQUOR Green the Druggist DEALER 410 Main Street We are not controlled by the Standard 146 Main St. Indian Orchard, Mass. Oi! <>r the Drug Trust Cnion Stores at Worcester, Spring- field. Helyoke l"p-to-I)ate Designs in Printing of (Jna'ity Compliments of Parnell Press FRANK R. MORSE Quick Printing L'J K 'si < 'ourt Sin et ' 'I IAS S. 1'. MI'III'II Y. Prop Tel. L'.-.Tn Thp People Who succeed in SUV- '"" ing make a lial.it of it. BEACH & KANE \VH( >LESALE AND RETAIL, Liquor Dealers p . The saving habit requins 00 VinO determined cultivation, hut when well rooted, grows fast. Unhit l!s r '' u:ll ''' s ;ire quick and cer- ndUll tain Start the habit b\ opening an ac- count in our Savings Department. The best time is X< »W. Open usual Banking I lours also every Saturday evening from 7:00 to K:30 TELEPHi >NE 1247-2. 171-173 Chestnut Street. o clock The SPRINGFIELD, .MASS. Third National Bank 370-372 .Main St. (By the clock) LEVI 0. PAYETTE Furniture and Piano The Best That Money Can Buy •'DOUGHERTY'S" RYE WHISKEY •■< ILD SMUGGLER" SC( iTi'll WHISKEY l-'or Family and Medicinal 1'sc Sold hv Moving Wm. J. MURPHY & CO. r,4 ALDEN ST. Tel. ."'.'.'■:." 17 E. Court St.. 4"-47 Market St. 'Phone 2ir>-2 SPRINGFIELD. MASS. First Class Barbers Fix e < 'hairs— No Wait ing ( ' < 1 1 1 : ) > 1 i ; 1 1 « ■ 1 1 1 s nf F. W. WOOLWORTH & CO. NO TIP BARBER SHOP J. I). FINN. Prop. Cor Fast Court and Market Sts. A Step from Main A Step from C. B. C. Hall r\ ^ • I Fort Hill Urganized 385 . 4 Labor ! When Ordering Printing Ask Your Printer for Union Made Paper Look for the "Bright Spot" THE LABEL HUDSON -PAPER and PAPER STOCK CO. 29 Central Street Boston, Mass. A. L. FREDETTE PRINTER All wori\ done artistically and care full}) 35 Dwight St. Springfield Mass. NATIONAL HOUSE CHAS. GRISE & CO. Proprietors Compliments of Union Trust Company Springfield, Mass. Cor. Oak and Central Streets Indian Orchard Massachusetts COMPLIMENTS OF Jacobs Ticket Print O mp'iments of COAL HANDLERS UNION Xo ii2ri. Spring-field, Mass. "Look for the Union Button" WHERE YOU SEE THIS CARD Displayed in a Barber Shop, it means first-class work neatly dons — in a Sani- tary Wav Look for the Above Union Card I.m.-:,] Xo. :{ii Sprinulield. Mas Compliments of ROBERT H. SPARE Compliments of C. J. Murphy & Co. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL LIQUoP DEALERS : { 1 r> - : ; l 7 - : ! 1 '. t Worthinyton St. and I'l." Dwitiht St. GRAHAM WHITE FOR PARTICULAR PEOPLE THIS MEANS YOU Particular men demand the best laundry work. Their shirts and collars must be just right. For years the BELMONT LAUNDRY has been catering to the particular men of Springfield, and the con- tinual increase in our business shows their appreciation. If you want the best, here is where you get it. V'e guarantee satisfaction. Tel. 3718 333 Belmont Ave. ROUND HILL and GREEN SMOKES ^Manufactured by L. S. ANNABLE Springfield, Mass. Globe Hotel J. J. LENNEHAN, Proprietor Every Worker Should Know Thai Credit is the life of all business— that Honesty merits credit, the same to the toiler for daily wages as to the busi- ness man. We co-operate with the worker. No loading at McDonald's 123 Worthington St. Opp. Postoffice. MEN'S LUNCHEON 215- 217 Worthington Street SPRINGFIELD, MASS. Compliments of TOOMEY & CODY CO. WAGONS W e make THAT TALK or themselves. P. E. CLEARY & CO. U. S. HOTEL J. \V. HIGOINS, Proprietor American and European Plan .-. l.'-.'-i; Main Street. Springfield, Mass. Try a New Place for Luncheon LUNCH COUNTER OPENED AT Court Square Hotel State St. and Court House Place TRY L'S AND BE CONVINCED Regular Dinners, 25c to 40c Cafe open from 6 a. m. to 12 p. m. THE FAMILY PACKAGE STORE PI III. TONE & CO. Phone 2008. Main and Union Sts. Whitcomb's Cigars Are the Pest WINTHROP - 10c - CIGAR SPECIAL 5 - 5c - CIGAR Made from the Highest tirade of Peat' Tobacco Joseph Whitcomb & Co., Manufacturers Springfield, Mass. Court Square Bowling Alleys 53-57 Market St., Springfield Just a Hop, Skip and Jump from Court Square FINE POOL ROOM CONNECTED Favorite Sporting Spot for Members of Trades Unions 7 --Most Modern Alleys in City--7 AMERICAN HOUSE j. j. McCarthy, Pr 0P . 243 Main St., Springfield, Mass. American Plan : : : $1.75 up European Plan : : : : 75c up ALL MEALS, 35c ONE MINUTE FROM R. R. STATION Waverly Liquor Co 15-2! SANFORD STREET Now Under New Management We carry the finest Brards of Liquor in the city. All the leading Brews on Draught at the Bar. First Class Cafe connected under the management of D. J. McArtey. Free plain team delivery to all parts of the city. Family Trade a Specialty 'Phone 1.375. W. J. CURRAX, Manager. JAMES DILLON & COMPANY FAMILY PACKAGE STORE r04 Main St. Tel. 1639-1: AVE DELIVER WHEN AVE SAY Homer Foot & Co. Established 1S31 HARDWARE SUPPLIES FISHING TACKLE A Specialty 139 State St. Center of City Last. SO Years. If It's Metal We Have It Compliments of FLINT & BRICKETT CO. Compliments of THOMAS J. BURKE UNDER THE LEATHER LOOK FOR IT CONDUCTED ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN Hotel Gilmore ALBERT E. SMITH, Mgr. NEAR COURT SQUARE 418-428 MAIN STREET SPRINGFIELD, MASS. CUBAN CIGAR CO. FRANK B. DOW 197 Main Street : Springfield, Mass. MAIL ORDER AND HOUSE PAINTER and PAPER HANGER DON GUSTO DECORATOR Better Than Any 1 Oc Cigar, 4 for 25c 22 Howard Place Springfield, Mass. ALL OUR CIGARS UNION MADE Telephone, 1336-1 SOLLACE'S "The Old Stand" Rexford Bowling ALLEYS But New Place PLUM ADORE & KELLEY , Prop,. EVERYTHING THE FINEST IN OUR LINE 234 1-2 Main St. Springfield, Mass. E. M. COATS & CO. Tel. 375. (IXC.) Tel. 375. "The Old Family Liquor Store." LOCAL AGENTS For the Celebrated Anheuser-Busch BreAving Company Products. I3UDWEISER, FAUST, ANHEUSER- BUSCH EXPORT BEER. OLD ELKHORN RYE WHISKY MEGIB I JEN BOURBON. $1.25 — Large Bottles— $1.25. 5 to 11 Market St., Springfield. Near the Corner of State and Main. Trunks and Leather Goods That Wear When in doubt buy of FERDINAND FURNITURE CO. 98-100 Main Street Lowest Prices Easy Terms ( 'ompliments of THEODOR LANGE < 'ompliments of AMERICAN GUARANTY CO. 327 Main Street Compliments of TERRENCE FLANAGHAN & CO. J. C. BURKE & SON Meats, Fish, Groceries, Etc. 86-88 MAIN STREET Telephone Chicopee Branch : 247 EXCHANGE ST. Telephone HIGHLAND HOTEL Excellent menu, Good cooking, Prompt Attention, Pine musical program. A Table d'Hote dinner served every evening from G to S o'clock. A La Carte Service at All Hours BUSINESS MEN'S LUNCH 11.30 to 2 P. M. 40 Cents Special attention given to Automobilists, Conventions, Ban- quets and Private Parties D. H. SIEVERS & CO. T. J. Collins. Treasurer J. J. ( 'ollins, Manager The Collins Electric Co. Electrical Construction, Supplies. Re- pair Work Office and Salesroom 2 and 3 Court House Place. Telephone 4330 Springfield, Mass. 'Phone 44S7-1: M. KLEIN Maker of FINE PRINTING 1 1 ( 'ongress Si. < 'or. Alain Springfield, Mass. THOMAS McGRATH Family Liquor Store 207-209 Chestnut St. and 1 3 1 Lyman St. Springfield, Mass. C 1 IAS. M. JEFFERSON JOHN J. DEELY Compliments of Jefferson & Deely WHOLESALE LIQUOR DEALERS Metropolitan Furniture Co. Sole Proprietors of the 538 Main St., Springfield Celebrated One Minute Below Court Square "WORTHINGTON" CASH OR EASY TERMS WHISKIES Bourbon and Rye AGENTS FOR GLENWOOD RANGES WHITE MOUNTAIN REFRIGERATORS DOMESTIC SEWING MACHINES 192 Worthington St. Tel. Connections. SPRINGFIELD, MASS. OSTERMOI >R MATTRESSES HOOSIER KITCHEN CABINET COLORIC FIRELESS COOKERS Smith's BOWLING Alleys SHOES- F. C. SMITH, Prop. R. D. SMITH, Manager. If you want to buy, WEAR 9 Alleys 8 Pool Tables instead of trouble, try Upper Floor Especially Adapted for Pri- vate Parties CLOUTIER & MENARD 211 Worthington Street Springfield, Mass. Opp. Car Barns 8 Main Street - SCHNETZER & SONS J. H. BEAUVAIS CATERERS DRUGGIST and PHARMACIST 570 Main Street, Springfield, Mass. Ice Cream and Bakery Goods 4 MAIN STREET