REVISED EDITION. 
 
 ANALYSIS 
 
 T H E 
 
 .'ILISH- LANGUAGE; i 
 
 
 VTIC DEFINITIONS 0? 
 
 I) E R I V A T I V E WOE its 
 
 BY PREFIXES AKD SUFF1XFS. 
 
 j| 3Y* SALEM TOWN, I. L, D. 
 
 JC-NRLF 
 
 O R;N & CARTER, 
 1 & r i ft 
 
IvIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Mrs. SARAH P. WALSWORTH. 
 
 Received October, 1894. 
 Accessions No. ff7 3> 7 I Class No. 
 

 
 
 I \ 
 
 
AN 
 
 ANALYSIS 
 
 OF 
 
 DERIVATIVE WORDS 
 
 IN THE 
 
 ENGLISH. LANGUAGE, 
 
 OR 
 
 A KEY TO THEIR PRECISE ANALYTIC DEFINITIONS, 
 BY PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES : 
 
 BY SALEM TOWN, L. L. D. 
 
 CAREFULLY REVISED, AND ADAPTED TO HCHOOLS 
 OF ALJU GRADES, 
 
 PORTLAND: 
 
 SANBORN & CARTER. 
 
 1850. 
 
Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1850, by 
 
 SALEM TOWN, 
 in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Maine. 
 
.- 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 THE first edition of this work was the first effort of the Author, and 
 it is believed to be the first attempt to present the component parts of 
 English derivative words, in their distinctive character, and exhibit 
 their combination in any thing like SYSTEM. The practicability of the 
 work had been under consideration, and the materials principally 
 collected, many years before the plan was fully carried out. The first 
 edition was at length presented, and has fairly SETTLED the question 
 as to the importance of the plan proposed, and the course to be pursued 
 in acquiring a knowledge of derivative words. 
 
 This revised edition is now submitted to the public, with what are 
 believed to be valuable improvements. The work has now been in use 
 in its printed form fifteen years ; and during that period, experience 
 has suggested the improvements carried out in this revision. The 
 most important of these, consists in a simplification, better adapted to 
 the capacities of children. * To accomplish this object, it became 
 necessary to re-write and re-arrange the whole. The same words, 
 however, are retained in the body of the work which are found in the 
 former editions. 
 
 The examples accompanying the prefixes and suffixes, are so 
 multiplied as to give a more enlarged comprehension of the manner of 
 defining. 
 
 The characters showing derivative combinations are mostly changed, 
 and, it is thought, much for the better. 
 
 The prefixes and suffixes, with their significant characters, are so 
 arranged as to preclude the possibility of mistakes in derivative forma- 
 tions, unless by inexcusable carelessness on the part of pupils, or 
 inattention to the rules and directions given. 
 
 Nothing can give such force to the significant import of words as their 
 analysis ; and nothing can relieve the memory from so great a task in 
 
 *The author acknowledges some valuable suggestions from Spencer Smith, Esq., 
 of St. Louis, Mo., and Prof. Kenyon, of western New York. 
 
acquiring a knowledge of language, as familiarity with those component 
 parts which are common to so many thousand words, and at the same 
 time characterize their analytic signification. 
 
 It is a development of this principle, with its systematic application, 
 which has given such celebrity to this little volume. Ihe Author feels 
 grateful for the liberal patronage the work has hitherto received, and 
 the numerous commendations of its practical utility from gentlemen of 
 the highest literary attainments. The fact is well known to classical 
 scholars, that the primitive words in our language are comparatively 
 FEW, and of the simplest order, such as almost every child often years 
 old knows. It is when these simple words grow up into their derivative, 
 compound and romplex forms, that the child loses sight of their import, 
 and simply, because he is ignorant of their component parts. 
 
 The principles on which this work is executed, are interwoven with, 
 and fundamental to, a critical knowledge of every language. The 
 embodying of them is, therefore, only collecting such component parts 
 of words as have for ages governed language, showing how they have 
 ever been applied, and then taking advantage of this knowledge to 
 confer some of the important benefits, which the classical student now 
 receives almost exclusively, on our common English scholars. It is the 
 undivided opinion of the most competent judges that an English 
 scholar, thoroughly versed in this system, will, so far as language is 
 concerned, secure to himself many important advantages^ which the 
 classical scholar alone has heretofore enjoyed. 
 
 Experiment has satisfactorily settled one important point, that children 
 undrr this discipline, can actually acquire more knowledge of the 
 English language in one winter's school of four months, than was ever 
 acquired in the ordinary way by scholars of the same age, in four times 
 that number of months, if not in their whole life. Let teachers, there- 
 fore, make thorough work in the application of the principles of this 
 book, and they will shortly see their pupils becoming thoroughly versed 
 in the knowledge of language. Teachers should frequently exercise 
 small children in the synopsis of the prefixes and suffixes. 
 
 It is now sent out with an arrangement so simplified as to render it 
 doubly beneficial, especially to younger classes of pupils, and at the same 
 time not less interesting and valuable to those of all ages, who desire a 
 more critical knowledge of the analysis of words of which our language 
 is composed. 
 
HISTORY OF THE ANALYSIS. 
 
 The Author of the Analysis, has in so many instances been asked by 
 literary gentlemen, what first led him to examine English words by 
 prefixes and suffixes, and make a general application of the abstract 
 signification of those component parts for defining, that he considers a 
 brief statement of the facts not inappropriate. 
 
 As Principal of Granville Academy, he had taught the classics in the 
 usual mode from 1807 till 1^22; and having witnessed the difficulties 
 with which scholars meet in the commencement of those studies, in 
 tracing Latin and Greek derivatives to the radical word, he was 
 induced to believe some method could be devised for their benefit. 
 
 A careful analysis, therefore, of every compound and derivative 
 word, occurring in the Latin and Greek lessons, was commenced and 
 continued in the recitations of those classes, by means of which the 
 students soon became able to distinguish the component parts of such 
 words, and thereby find the root. This method was attended with a 
 good degree of success, and found greatly to facilitate scholars in the 
 acquisition of those languages. Soon, however, it occurred to the 
 Author, that the same course might, perhaps, be pursued in gaining a 
 more accurate knowledge of English derivatives. 
 
 This suggestion led to an investigation of the subject, and finally 
 resulted in the effort of collecting and defining what are termed prefixes 
 and suffixes^ as the modifiers of the significant import of radical words. 
 
 The work of collecting materials for a book was pursued at intervals, 
 between 1822 4. The prefixes, being in the main Greek, Latin and 
 Saxon prepositions, were not difficult to classify and define; but many 
 of the suffixes required much labor as well as patient examination to 
 arrive at a common definition which might render them common, 
 definers. 
 
 This was finally accomplished by collating words of the same termi- 
 nations, frequently amounting to some hundreds in each of t*he more 
 difficult classes, and then searching for such defining expression or 
 phrase, as might be applied to all words having a similar termination, 
 and being a regular suffix. 
 
 No treatise on this subject was then known to the Author, nor had 
 the learned professors in our Colleges, several of whom were consulted, 
 any knowledge of such a work in the language ; and he had nothing on 
 
whbh to rely, so far as the suffixes wefe concerned, but his owtt 
 investigations. 
 
 These facts are here stated merely to show when and how the work 
 was commenced, carried forward, tested, and finally brought to its 
 present state. 
 
 Most of the original papers are still in existence, with the prefixes and 
 suffixes arranged and defined, as they now stand in the first edition* 
 Moreover, there are a large number of individuals, some of whom are 
 now gray-headed men, who learned the prefixes and suffixes, with the 
 mode of defining, from the word Press, copied from the original 
 manuscript, and pasted on the walls in the recitation rooms of the 
 Academy j as early as 1825, with a view of testing this mode of defining; 
 
 In 1827, the principles and application of the entire system were 
 made a regular study in Powelton Academy, Georgia, over which the 
 Author then presided. In 1831, the whole plan, with specimens of its 
 parts, were communicated to the Rev. Dr. Davis, former President of* 
 Hamilton College, who caused the same to be read before a State 
 Convention of Teachers, then assembled at Utica. 
 
 The Author had neither seen nor heard of any publication whatever^ 
 involving the essential principles of his plan ; nor at the present time, 
 does he know of any work approximating it, of an earlier date than 
 " Butler's Etymological Spelling Book," published in London in 1829, 
 from which the " Scholar's Companion" was compiled, and published 
 in Philadelphia, in 1835* 
 
SECTION 1. 
 
 Explanation of Primitive and Derivative Words. 
 
 PRIMITIVE words are such as can be reduced to no fewer 
 letters than what are then expressed. Man, Fame, House, 
 Sense, are primitive words, because they can be reduced to 
 no fewer letters, and convey a distinct idea of each thing 
 specified. 
 
 But Manly, Defamation, Insensibility and Houseless, are 
 derivative words, because they can be stripped of all their 
 letters above Man, Fame, Sense and House, and still leave 
 a significant word. 
 
 A compound word is composed of two or more distinct 
 words, as Sugar-maple, over-load, Common-place-book. 
 
 In this work, all such words of Latin origin, as Abdicate, 
 Convene, Adhere, &c., so far as our language is concerned, 
 will be taken as primitives. Yet the classical scholar will 
 perceive they are not such in the language whence they are 
 derived. Some other words also will be inserted which are 
 not primitives. 
 
 Those parts which are added to a primitive word, we 
 shall call prefixes and suffixes ; and as the primitive has at 
 least one appropriate meaning, all the varieties of significa- 
 tion which arise from additions in any way made to such 
 primitive, must depend exclusively on those parts added. 
 Hence, when all the prefixes and suffixes in the language 
 are known, nothing remains but to acquire the meaning of 
 the primitives to understand the whole language, so far as 
 those component parts are concerned in modifying the 
 import of words. 
 
8 ANALYSIS OF THfi 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 Caution. 
 
 IN applying the following rules in this book, it must be 
 remembered, their application is confined exclusively to 
 derivative words. When any of those combinations of 
 letters called prefixes and suffixes, constitute an essential 
 part of a primitive word, they are in such cases neither 
 prefixes nor suffixes, and do not come under the rules of 
 Analysis nor Definition. Such as 'ess,' in Bless, 'ate,' in 
 Climate, ' ish,' in Lavish, ' ment,' in Torment, &c., 'em,' 
 in Embers, ' bi,' in Bias, ' un,' in Under, together with 
 all such primitive words as contain a similar combination of 
 letters as any of the prefixes and suffixes. To such, the 
 rules do not apply. 
 
 The following explanations ought to be thoroughly 
 understood, both by teachers and pupils : 
 
 1. When the analysis of the word requires it, the entire 
 prefix, whether consisting of one letter, or one or more 
 syllables, is separated from the root by a comma ; thus, 
 Dis, please ; II, legal ; A, vert; Circum,vent. 
 
 2. In many instances, by dividing the word into its 
 proper syllables, the first letter of the root must be joined to 
 the prefix, in order to complete a syllable, and lead to a 
 correct accentuation of the word. In such cases the 
 common character of accentuation marks the letter ; thus, 
 in Bene,volent, Geo,graphy, Dia, meter, bene, geo and dia 
 are prefixes ; volent, graphy and meter, are roofs. To spei f 
 those words by syllables, the first letter of each root must 
 be joined to its prefix, and accented, thus.; Be-nev'olent, 
 Ge-og'-ra-phy, Di-am'-e-ter ; usually completing the syllable 
 with the very letter on which the accent must fall. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 11 
 
 3. In all similar cases, when one Ot^ a p t to. 
 root must combine with the prefix to foh. ar, to. 
 to show the accent, it will be found with ^<mo, to take, 
 accent over such letter, thus ; Bene,v'olent, Geo, t , 
 Diameter. - ^ 
 
 NOTE. Teachers are specially requested to confine their 
 pupils to the prefixes and suffixes, till these component parts 
 are learned in the most thorough manner. When this 
 point is gained, the WHOLE WORK is virtually mastered. 
 
 Supposing it even take scholars three months, as pursued 
 in connection with- their other studies, they would then have 
 acquired the ability of comprehending the import of more 
 words in the language, than could be gained from studying 
 and reciting from a dictionary for at least two years. 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 Explanation of the Prefixes. 
 
 A PREFIX is a letter, syllable, or word, added to the 
 beginning of some other word, to vary or modify its 
 primitive signification. 
 
 Theist, implies a person who believes in the existence of 
 a God. Now prefix a, and it becomes Atheist, implying 
 one who does not believe in the existence of a God. 
 
 Again. Possible, means that which can be done. Now 
 prefix im, and it becomes ^possible, implying what cannot 
 be done. 
 
 Some entire words are occasionally used as prefixes. 
 
 The following are the principal prefixes in our language, 
 influencing the meaning of words. 
 
 The analytic definition of the root, with its prefix, is 
 
10 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 commonly given in such examples as would seem to be of 
 material benefit to English scholars. 
 
 A,^ ab, abs; denote from, away from, separation. 
 
 EXAMPLES. 
 
 A,vert, to turn from. Derived from Verto, to turn, and 
 
 a, from. 
 
 Ab,solve, to loose or free from.. Solvo, to loose, ab, from. 
 Ab,duce, to lead from. Duco, to lead, ab, from. 
 Ab,scind, to rend off, or from. Scindo, to rend, ab, from. 
 Abstract, to draw from. Trako, to draw, abs, from. 
 Abstain, to hold/n>m. Teneo, to hold, abs, from. 
 Abs,cond, to conceal from. Condo, to conceal, abs, from.f 
 AD,t implies to, toward, closeness, or union. 
 Ac, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, as, at, imply the same as ad. 
 Adjoin, to join to. Derived from Jungo, to join, and 
 
 ad, to. 
 
 Ac, cede, to yield to. Cedo, to yield, ac, to. 
 Af,fix, to fix to. Figo, to fix, af, to. 
 Ag,grieve, to give pain or sorrow to. 
 Al,lude, to refer to. Jjudo, to play, al, to. 
 An,nex, to tie or link to. Necto, to link, an, to. 
 
 * A, serves as a prefix to many English words, having a signification 
 nearly equivalent to in, on, at ; as afoot, on foot ; abed, in bed; afar, 
 at a distance, &c. 
 
 f The defining phraseology need not be restricted to the word from, 
 but may vary in any manner which implies separation, or taking 
 away ; as abbreviate, to shorten* or abridge ; abrasion, the act of 
 wearing or rubbing off, &c. 
 
 JO, is changed for c, f, g, 1, n, p, r, s, or t, before a corresponding 
 letter, for the sake of euphony and ease of utterance. Instead of saying 
 adcede, adjix, we say accede, affix, &c* 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 11 
 
 Ap,pend, to hang to. Pendeo, to hang, ap, to. 
 
 Abrogate, to lay claim to. Rogo, to ask, ar, to. 
 
 As,sume, to take to, or upon one's self. Sumo, to take, 
 as, to. 
 
 At,tend, to give the mind to. Tendo, to stretch, at, to.* 
 AMBI, (from ambo.) Implies both. 
 
 Ambi,dexter, using both hands equally well. 
 
 AMB, AMPHI imply, around, or two. 
 
 Am'b,ient, surrounding. Derived from Am and iens. 
 
 Amb,ig'uous, having two meanings ; doubtful. 
 
 Amphitheater, a circular building. 
 
 Amphibious, able to live in two elements. 
 ANTE denotes before, (in time, place or rank.) 
 
 Ante, date, to date before the true time. 
 
 Antecedent, going before ; (in time.) 
 
 Ante,diluvian, one who lived before the flood. 
 
 Ante,chamber, the front or first chamber. 
 
 Ante, nuptial, before marriage. 
 
 Ante,past, a foretaste. 
 ANT, ANTI imply opposite, opposed or against. 
 
 Anti, Christ, the great opposer of Christ. 
 
 Anti,pode, one on the opposite side of the globe. 
 
 Anti,dotal, good against the effects of poison. 
 
 Anti,p'athy, opposition in feelings ; dislike. 
 
 Anti,th'esis, contrast ; opposition of words. 
 
 Antarctic, a circle opposite to the arctic circle. 
 BENE implies good or well. 
 
 Bene,factor, a doer of good. 
 
 * The defining phrase need not include the word to, if couched in 
 such language as implies addition, corresponding with the sense of the 
 word to be defined ; as applaud, to praise, which is the same as, to 
 give praise to. 
 
12 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Benevolent, having a disposition to do good. Derived 
 from VolenSj wishing, and bene, good. 
 
 Bene,fit, an act of kindness ; good done. 
 
 Bene,diction, a blessing ; speaking good words. 
 BI, BIS denote two. 
 
 Bi,sect, to cut into two parts. Sectus, cut. 
 
 Bi,ennia], happening once in two years. 
 
 Bi,g'amy, having two husbands or wives at a time. 
 
 Bi,form, having two forms. 
 
 Bi,ped, a bird or animal having two feet. 
 
 Bis,cuit, cake hard baked. Derived from bis, twice, and 
 
 cult, baked. 
 cis implies on this side. 
 
 Cis,alpine, on this side the Alps. (As from Rome.) 
 
 Cis,padane, on this side the Po. (A river in Italy.) 
 CENTU, CENTI, CENT imply a hundred. 
 
 Centu,plicate, to make a hundred fold. From Plico, to 
 fold. 
 
 Centennial, occurring once in a hundred years. 
 
 Centi,folious, having a hundred leaves. 
 
 Centi,ped, applied to insects having many feet. 
 CONTRA, CONTRO, COUNTER imply opposition to, or against. 
 
 Contra,dict, to oppose by words. Dico, to speak, contra, 
 against. 
 
 Contraposition, a placing over against. Pono, to place, 
 contra, against. 
 
 Controversy, opposition by words a dispute. Versus, a 
 turning, contro, against. 
 
 Counter,attraction, opposite attraction. Traho, to draw, 
 counter, opposite to. 
 
 Counteract, to act in opposition to ; to impede. 
 
 Counterbalance, to weigh against with equal weight. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 13 
 
 implies with, joined with, or together. 
 co, COG, COM, COL, COR, have the same import as con. 
 
 Co,hesion, the act of sticking together. Hereo, to stick, 
 co, together. 
 
 Co,operate, to act, or operate jointly with another. 
 
 Cog,nate, allied by blood ; related. Natus, born. 
 
 Col,lect, to bring together into one body, or place. 
 
 Col,late, to lay together, and compare. 
 
 Col,lapse, to fall together, as the two sides of a vessel. 
 
 Com,bine, to unite, or join things together. 
 
 Com,press, to press together by external force. 
 
 Con,verse, to come together. Venio, to come, con, to- 
 gether. 
 
 Confederate, to unite in a league, or by treaty. 
 
 Cor,rugate, to wrinkle. Rugo, to gather, cor, together. 
 CIRCUM implies around, about. 
 
 Circumnavigate, to sail around, as by water. 
 
 Circum'jacent, lying around ; bordering on. 
 
 Circumambient, surrounding, as the air. 
 
 Circum,spect, looking around ; prudent. 
 
 Circumference, a line that goes round a circle. 
 DE denotes from, removing from, depriving of, or down. 
 
 De,duce, to draw from, or gather truth. Duco, to draw, 
 de, from. 
 
 De,grade, to reduce from a higher to a lower rank. 
 
 De,bark, to land/rom a ship or a boat. 
 
 Dejected, cast down, as to the countenance. Jacio, to 
 cast, de, down. 
 
 De,fraud, to deprive of a right ; to cozen or cheat, 
 
 De,obstruct, to remove impediments from a passage. 
 , Departure, the act of going away, removing from. 
 
 * Before a vowel or h, n is dropped, as cohere, coalesce. 
 2 
 
14 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 De,pose, to reduce from a throne, or deprive of office. 
 
 De,volve, to roll down on, or to pass to another. 
 
 De,molish, to throw, or pull down ; to destroy. 
 
 De, spoil, to take from by force ; to deprive of. 
 
 De,fend, to drive from, or thrust back ; to protect. 
 DI, DIS, DIF denote separating ' r out of, from, off, or want of. 
 
 Di,vide, to part into two or more portions. 
 
 Di,vest, to strip off, as clothes, arms, or equipage. 
 
 Di,vert, to turn off, from any course ; to amuse. 
 
 Disburse, to pay out, as money from a treasury. 
 
 Dis,locate, to put out of its proper place, as a joint. 
 
 Dis,arm, to deprive of arms, or means of defence. 
 
 Dis,miss, to give leave to depart ; to send away. 
 
 Dis,able, to deprive of ability, to weaken or impair. 
 
 Dis,inter, to take out of a grave, or out of the earth. 
 
 Dif,fuse, to pour out and spread, as a fluid. 
 
 Dif,fer, to separate, to disagree. Fero, to bear, dif, apart. 
 DUO, DU denote double or two. 
 
 Duo,decimo,^ a book with twelve pages to a sheet. 
 
 Duplicate, a copy ; two of the same kind. 
 
 Du,plicity, doubleness of heart, or speech ; deceit. 
 E, EX, EF, EC denote out, out of, from, beyond. 
 
 E,duce, drawow; to elicit, or extract. Duco, to draw, 
 e, out. 
 
 Eject, to pick out from among two or more. 
 
 E,vade, to escape from; to avoid by dexterity. Vado, to 
 march, e, from. 
 
 E,merge, to rise out of a fluid ; to issue from. 
 
 Ex,clude, to thrust out ; to hinder from entering. Claudo, 
 to shut, ex, out. 
 
 Ex,haust, to empty by drawing out the whole. 
 
 * Decem, ten ; and duo, two, making twelve. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 15 
 
 Ex,cess, superfluity beyond necessary wants. 
 
 Ef,flux, the act of flowing out, as in a stream. Fluo, to 
 flow, ef, out. 
 
 Effulgence, a shining forth, as with a flood of light. 
 
 Effervesce, to throw off vapor, or gas, as in boiling. 
 
 Ec,lectic, a selecting, or choosing from. 
 
 Ec,centric, deviating, or departing from the center. 
 
 *Es,cort, a guard sent forth to attend an officer, &c. 
 
 Es,cape, to flee from and avoid ; to shun or evade. 
 
 Es,chew, to Reefrom; to shun or avoid evil. 
 
 Bs,trange, to keep at a distance ; to withdraw. 
 EN,t EM denote in or upon; (giving intensity.) 
 
 Entourage, to inspire with more courage. 
 
 En,lighten, to shed light on, to increase the light. 
 
 En,velop, to cover by mwrapping, or folding. 
 
 En,circle, to inclose, or to go round ; to surround. 
 
 Em, body, to form into a body ; to collect. 
 
 Em,power, to give legal, or moral power to. 
 
 Em,bolden, to give boldness, or courage to. 
 
 Em,phatic, uttered with greater force of voice. 
 EQUI implies equal. 
 
 Equilateral, a figure having equal sides. Lotus, a side. 
 
 Equilibrium, equality of weight or force. 
 
 Equivalent, equal in value or worth. 
 
 Equi,distant, at an equal distance from. 
 
 Equi,v'ocal, language equally implying either of two 
 
 senses. 
 EXTRA denotes beyond, more than, or excess. 
 
 *Es, in some cases, has the same import as ex. 
 
 t en, is borrowed from the French. It coincides with the Latin, in, 
 and the Greek, en. N is changed for m, before labials ; as employ . In 
 some words en and in, are interchangeable, as enclose, inclose. 
 
16 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Extra ,v'agant, going beyond due bounds ; excessive. 
 Vagans, going, extra, beyond. 
 
 Extraordinary, beyond the common order. 
 
 Extra judicial, out of the proper court. 
 IN is used in two senses, 1st. It denotes not, or a nega- 
 tive sense, when prefixed to adjectives and adverbs. 
 IM, IG, IL, IR denote the same, in the same connec- 
 tion. 2nd. It denotes i?i, on or upon, when 
 prefixed to verbs or words derived from verbs.) 
 IM, IG, IL, IR denote the same as in, when in this case, 
 also, they are used in the same connection. 
 
 1st Import. In, capable, not capable ; wanting capacity. 
 
 In,cautious, not cautious ; not circumspect. 
 
 In,effably, in a manner not to be uttered. 
 
 Impossible, not possible ; that cannot be. 
 
 Im,mortal, not mortal ; exempt from death. 
 
 Im,mutably, not admitting change. 
 
 Ig,noble, not noble ; of low birth or family. 
 
 Ig,norant, not knowing ; wanting knowledge. 
 
 Il,legal, not legal ; contrary to law ; unlawful. 
 
 Illiberal, not liberal ; not free to give. 
 
 Illegibly, in a manner not to be/ead. 
 
 Irreligious, not religious ; impious ; ungodly. 
 
 Ir,regular, not regular ; deviating. 
 
 Irrevocably, in a manner not to be recalled. 
 
 2nd Import. Incarcerate, to put in prison. 
 
 Inaugurate, to invest with an office ; to induct. 
 
 Im,mure, to confine within walls. 
 
 Im,press, to imprint in or on ; to stamp. 
 
 Ig.nite, to kindle, or set on fire ; to take fire, 
 
 ll,luminate, to enlighten, to throw light on. 
 
 Illustrate, to make tnore clear ; to explain. 
 

 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 17 
 
 Ir,ritate, to make angry, or fretful ; to provoke. 
 
 Irrigate, to water ; to moisten ; to bedew. 
 
 Inheritable, that may be inherited. 
 
 Im,pressive, tending to make an impression. 
 
 Ig,nition, the act of setting on fire. 
 
 Il,lusory, tending to deceive ; deceitful. 
 
 Ir,ritable, susceptible of excitement ; passionate. 
 INTER denotes among or between. 
 
 Inter, change, a mutual exchange between. 
 
 Inter, pose, to place or come in, between. 
 
 Intermix, to mix together ; to intermingle. 
 
 Interrupt, to stop or hinder, by breaking in, between. 
 
 Inter, val, a space between things ; a void space. 
 INTRO denotes within, into, or in. 
 
 Introspection, a view of the inside, or interior. 
 
 Introduce, to conduct in, or make known. 
 
 Intro,gression, the act of coming in ; entrance. 
 
 Intro,version, the act of turning inward. 
 INFRA implies under or below. 
 
 Infra,mundane, under the world. 
 JURIS denotes legal, or lawful right. 
 
 Jurisdiction, legal authority, or control over. 
 
 Jurisprudence, the science of law. 
 JUXTA denotes near by, or nearness. 
 
 Juxtaposition, a being placed in nearness. 
 MIS denotes wrong, or erroneous. 
 
 Misapply, to apply in a wrong manner. 
 
 Misestimate, to estimate erroneously. 
 
 Mispronounce, to pronounce wrong. 
 
 Mis, place, to put in a wrong place. 
 
 Mis,conduct, wrong conduct ; ill behaviour. 
 MALE, MAL denote ill, evil, bad. 
 
18 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Mal,treat, to treat ill ; to treat roughly ; to abuse. 
 
 Malpractice, evil practice ; immoral conduct. 
 
 Malevolent, wishing evil to others ; envious. 
 
 Male,diction, evil speaking ; cursing. 
 
 Male, factor, an evil doer ; one who commits a crime. 
 MULTI denotes many. 
 
 Multilateral, a figure having many sides. 
 
 Multi,form, having many forms. 
 
 Multiplicity, the state of being many. 
 
 Multiplication, the act of increasing. 
 
 Multi,ped, an insect having many feet. 
 MANU denotes a hand. 
 
 Manuscript, a paper written by hand. 
 
 Manufacture, to make by hand. 
 
 Manu,mit, to release the hand from bondage. 
 
 Manu,al, a small book easily carried by hand. 
 NON, NE, UN denote not, when prefixed to adjectives and 
 adverbs. 
 
 Non,sense, void of sense ; not sense. 
 
 Non,existence, not having existence. 
 
 Ne,uter, not either ; the neuter gender. 
 
 Un,true, not true ; contrary to fact. 
 
 Un,safe, not safe. Un,sound, not sound, 6rc. 
 
 When un is prefixed to verbs and participles, it denotes 
 undoing what has been done ; as, 
 
 Un,lace, to undo the lacing ; to loose the strings. 
 
 Un,lading, removing the cargo of a ship. 
 
 Un,harnessing, stripping off the harness. 
 NOCT implies night. 
 
 Noct,ur'nal, pertaining to night ; nightly. 
 
 Noct,iv'agant, wandering in the night. 
 
 Noct,am'bulist, one walking by night ; (in sleep.) 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 19 
 
 OB, oc, OF, OP denote in front, against, toward, in or on. 
 
 Ob,trude, to thrust in, or on, as uninvited. 
 
 Obstruct, to block up, as a passage ; putting in the way. 
 
 Oc,cur, to meet, as in front ', before the mind, or eye. 
 
 Oc,cupant, (in law) one who comes before, or first in 
 possession. 
 
 Of,fer, to bring before, for acceptance, or rejection. 
 
 Of,ficious, excessively forward; intermeddling. 
 
 Opponent, one who opposes, or sets himself against. 
 
 Opposition, a standing over against, or in front of. 
 OMNI, PANTO, PAN denote all. 
 
 Omni,s'cient, knowing all things, as God does. 
 
 Omnipotent, having all power, as God has. 
 
 Omnipresent, being present at once, in all places. 
 
 Omni,bus, a carriage common for all to ride in, 
 
 Pan,theon, a temple dedicated to all the gods. 
 
 Pan,tomine, imitating all sorts of actions. 
 
 Pan,acea, a remedy for all diseases. 
 PLENI denotes full. 
 
 Plenipotentiary, an ambassador with full power. 
 
 Pleni,tude, fullness ; abundance. 
 
 Plenary, full, complete, entire. 
 
 Plenum, fullness of matter in space. 
 PRETER denotes beyond, past, more than. 
 
 Preternatural, beyond what is natural. 
 
 . Preter,legal, exceeding the limits of the law. 
 
 Preter,it, that which is past ; past tense. 
 
 Preter,imperfect, the tense of action not perfectly past. 
 POST denotes after. 
 
 Postmeridian, after noon ; any time after noon. 
 
 Postmortem, after death, as a postmortem examination. 
 
 Postdiluvian, a person who lived after the flood. 
 
20 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Postpone, to put off till another time ; to defer. 
 
 Postscript, a paragraph afterwards added ; an addition. 
 
 Posterity, descendants ; those coming after, as children. 
 PRO denotes fore, forth, forward, out, oifor. 
 
 Probation, /ore-trial; the act of proving; trial. 
 
 Pro,duce, to bring forward; to bring forth. 
 
 Pro, pel, to drive forward ; to urge on by force. Petto, 
 to drive, pro, forward. 
 
 Pro,pose, to bring forward, or offer for acceptance. Pono, 
 to place, pro, before. 
 
 Pro,m'inent, standing out beyond ; jutting out. 
 
 Progression, the act of moving forward. 
 
 Prognostic, /oreshowing, as a future event. 
 
 Promulgate, to publish, in some way to send forth. 
 PRE denotes before, forward, or to surpass , in time 01 
 rank. 
 
 Pre,cede, to go before in the order of time. 
 
 Pre,concert, a previous agreement. 
 
 Pre,meditate, to consider on beforehand. 
 
 Pre,occupy, to take possession before another. 
 
 Prejudge, to judge in a cause before it is heard. 
 
 Preeminent, surpassing, or superior in excellence. 
 
 Pre,face, that which comes before, as introductory. 
 
 Pre,pare, to make ready, beforehand; to adjust. 
 PER denotes through, by, very, over. 
 
 Per ? vade, to pass through, or spread through. Vado, to 
 march, per, through. 
 
 Per,ceive, to get impressions through the senses. 
 
 Perforate, to bore through, or pierce through. 
 
 Per, vert, to turn by, or from a proper purpose. 
 
 Per,vious, admitting a passage through. 
 
 Per, form, to carry through an undertaking. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 21 
 
 Per,petual, continuing through all time. 
 
 Per,fect, complete, every thing gone through with. 
 
 Per,day, or per,diem, by the day; per,annum, &c. 
 PRIMO, PRIM denote first, or original. 
 
 Primogenitor, the first father, or forefather. 
 
 Prim,or'dial, first in order ; original. 
 
 Primitive, an original word ; one not derived. 
 
 Prim,ary, first in order of time ; original. 
 QUAD, TETRA denote four. 
 
 Quad,rate, a figure having four equal sides. 
 
 Quadruple, four fold ; four times told. 
 
 Quad,ruped, an animal having four feet. 
 
 Quad,rant, the quarter, or fourth part of a circle. 
 
 Tetra,spermous, having four seeds. (Botany.) 
 
 Tetra,syllabic, consisting of four syllables. 
 ^RE denotes again, back, return, or repetition. 
 
 Re,enter, to enter again, or a second time. 
 
 Reassign, to assign back, or transfer back. 
 
 Re,pay, to pay back, or return, as money. 
 
 Re,people, to furnish again with people. 
 
 Re,mind, to bring to mind, or notice again. 
 
 Re,spect, to look back on, as with esteem. 
 
 Repetition, the act of performing again. 
 
 Reorganize, to organize again, or anew. 
 RETRO denotes backward, or back. 
 
 Retrograde, going or moving backward. 
 
 Retrospection, the act of looking back, on. 
 
 Retro,pulsive, driving, or repelling back. 
 
 Retroaction, action turned backward. 
 SE denotes separation, or withdrawal. 
 
 Se, elude, to separate, as from company. 
 
 * In some words, re has lost its original meaning, as in rejoice. 
 
22 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Se,cede, to withdraw from fellowship with. 
 
 Se,dtice, to draw aside from the path of rectitude. 
 
 Se,lect, to choose one or more from a number. 
 
 Se,cure, separated, or withdrawn from danger. 
 
 Se,crecy, a state of separation ; from public observation. 
 SUPER, SUPRA, SUR denote over, over and above, beyond. 
 
 Superfine, over and above fine ; very fine. 
 
 Superficial, being on, or over the surface ; not deep, 
 
 Superstitious, over scrupulous ; over exact. 
 
 Supervision, the act of overseeing ; inspection. 
 
 Supra,mundane, over or above the world. 
 
 Surcharged, overcharged, as clouds with electricity. 
 
 Sur,mount, to rise above ; to overcome. 
 
 Sur,pass, to go beyond in any thing. 
 
 Sur,feit, to be overfed with meat or drink. 
 SEX, HEX, HEXA denote six. 
 
 Sex,ennial, lasting or happening once in six years. 
 
 Sex,tant, an instrument, the sixth part of a circle. 
 
 Hexa,gon, a figure of six sides and six angles. 
 
 Hexa,m'eter, a verse containing six poetic feet. 
 
 Hex,androus, (in botany) having six stamens. 
 SOLI,MONO denote one alone. 
 
 Soli,tude, the state of being alone ; a lonely life. 
 
 Soliloquy, a talking to one's self, or alone. 
 
 Mono,theist, a believer in one God only. 
 
 Monologue, spoken by one person only. 
 
 Mono,p'oly, the sole power of selling certain goods. 
 ^SUB, SUBTER denote under, below, after. 
 
 Sub,due, to bring under, as by conquest. 
 
 *b, in sub, is changed for c 9 f, g, p 9 or s, and thus forms sue, suf, 
 sug, sup and sus, all retaining the same import as sub. This is for 
 euphony. 
 
ENGLISH LANGVAGB. 23 
 
 Submerge, to put under water ; to plunge, 
 
 Suc,ceed, to follow in order after ; to come after. 
 
 Suc,cumb, to submit, or to sink under, unresistingly. 
 
 Suf,fer, to undergo pain of body or mind. 
 
 Suf,fix, what is placed after, or at the end of a word. 
 
 Sup,port, to hold up, by something underneath. 
 
 Sus,tain, to bear up and keep from sinking. 
 
 Subter,fluent, flowing underneath. 
 
 Subter,fuge, fleeing under, an artifice for concealment. 
 SEMI, HEMI, DEMI denote half. 
 
 Semicircle, halfa. circle. Semiannual, half yearly. 
 
 Semijdiameter. Demi,wolf. Hemisphere. 
 SINE denotes without. 
 
 Sine,die, adjournment without fixing a day. 
 
 Sine,cure, an office of revenue without employ. 
 TRANS, ULTRA denote across, beyond, change, through. 
 
 Transatlantic, across the Atlantic. (Ocean.) 
 
 Ultra,montane, beyond the mountain. 
 
 Transparent, capable of being seen through. 
 
 Trans,gress, to go across ; to violate a law. 
 
 Translate, to render, or change to another language. 
 
 Trans,mute, to change from one substance to another. 
 
 Transplant, to remove and plant in another place. 
 TRI denotes three. 
 
 Tri,angle, a figure having three angles. 
 
 Triennial, continuing three years. 
 
 Tri,florous, bearing three flowers. 
 
 Tri,colored, having three colors ; as the French flag. 
 UNI denotes one. 
 
 Uni,form, having one, or the same form. 
 
 Uni,v'ocal, having one meaning, only; (one voice.) 
 
 Uni,ty, the state of being one ; sameness. 
 
24 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Uni,verse, the entire creation as one whole. 
 
 NOTE. The Greek word constituting the prefix, is given in Roman 
 letters, inclosed with parenthesis. The Greek prepositions are not 
 inclosed. 
 
 A denotes privation, destitute of, or without. 
 
 A,ch'romatic, destitute of color. (Applied to a telescope.) 
 
 A,theism, disbelief of the existence of a God. 
 
 A,nonymous, without a name ; nameless. 
 
 A,cephalous, without a head ; headless. 
 ANA denotes, again, against, back. (Various senses.) 
 
 Ana,baptist, one who re-baptizes, or baptizes again. 
 
 Analysis, resolving a thing back to its elements. 
 
 Ana,t'omy, a cutting through, or dissecting. 
 ARCH (arche) denotes chief; (beginning.) 
 
 Arch,bishop, chief bishop, or principal. 
 
 Arch,fiend, the chief fiend, or foe . 
 
 Arch,deacon, the chief, or principal deacon. 
 ASTRO (aster, astron) denotes star. 
 
 Astro ,n'omy, the science of the stars. 
 
 Astrology, dividing or foretelling by the stars. 
 
 Astrog/raphy, a treatise on the stars. 
 AUTO (autos) denotes one's self. 
 
 Auto,graph, a A person's own hand writing. 
 
 Auto,crat, a man who, by himself, governs a nation. 
 
 Auto,m'aton, a machine seeming to move itself. 
 
 Auto,p'sy, personal observation ; occular view. 
 APO, APH denote from. 
 
 Apo,gee, the moon's greatest distance from the earth. 
 
 Apo,s'tasy, a departure from the faith. 
 
 Apo,s'tle, one sent forth; a disciple of Christ. 
 
 Aph,erion, a planet's greatest distance from the sun. 
 ARISTO (aristos) denotes the best ; that is, Noble or Nobles 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 25 
 
 Aristocracy a government by the Nobility. 
 BIO (bios), denotes life. 
 
 Bio,g'raphy, the written life of a person. 
 BIBLIO (biblion) denotes book. 
 
 Biblio,g'raphy, a history or description of books. 
 
 Biblio,thecal, belonging to a library, 
 CATA against or down. It has various meanings. 
 
 Cata,baptist, one who opposes baptism. 
 
 Cata,ract, a dashing down ; a waterfall. 
 
 Cata,phonics, the doctrine of reflected sounds. 
 
 Cata,s'trophe, an overthrow ; a final event. 
 CHORO (choros) denotes & place, or country. 
 
 Choro,g'raphy, the art of making maps. 
 CHIRO (cheir), denotes a hand. 
 
 Chiro,g'raphy, writing with one's own hand. 
 CHRONO (chronos) denotes time. 
 
 Chrono,m'eter, an instrument to measure time, 
 
 Chronology, the science of time. 
 
 Chron,icle, a record of facts in the order of time. 
 
 Chro,nic, a disease of long continuance. 
 COSMO (cosmos) denotes the world. 
 
 Cosmography, a description of the world. 
 
 Cosmo,g'ony, a treatise on the creation. 
 
 Cosmo,p'olite, a citizen of the world. 
 DIA denotes through. 
 
 Dia,m'eter, a right line through the center of a circle. 
 
 Diagonal, a line drawn through, from angle to angle. 
 
 Pia,phoretic, promoting perspiration ; through the pores 
 
 of the skin. 
 DYS denotes bad, or difficult. 
 
 Dys,pensy, difficulty of digestion. 
 
 Dys,phony, difficulty of speaking. 
 3 
 
26 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Dys,orexyv oad or depraved appetite. 
 DECA, DEC (deka) and latin, decem ten. 
 
 Deca,gon, a figure having ten angles, 
 
 Deca,logue, the ten commandments. 
 
 Decimal, a fraction numbering by tentJis* 
 
 Deca,pod, an animal having ten feet. 
 EU implies good, well, or praise. 
 
 Eu,peptic, having good digestion. 
 
 Eu,phony, a smooth agreeable sound. 
 
 Eu,pathy r a state of right feeling. 
 
 Eu,logize, to praise, or give commendation. 
 EPI denotes in, on, or upon. 
 
 Epidemic, some general disease on the people. 
 
 Epi,lepsy, seizing on suddenly, as a fit. 
 
 Epi,taph, an inscription on a tombstone. 
 ENTOMO (entoma) denotes an insect. 
 
 Entomology, a treatise describing insects. 
 
 Entomo,lite, a petrified insect. 
 GEO (ge) denotes the earth. 
 
 Geo,g'raphy, a written description of the earth. 
 
 Geo,l'ogy, the science which treats of the structure of 
 the earth its minerals, &c. 
 
 Geometry, the measurement of the globe by lines, &c. 
 HOMO (homos) denotes like, or similar. 
 
 Homogeneous, the same kind of qualities. 
 
 Homologous, sides or angles of the same ratio. 
 HETERO (heteros) denotes unlike^ or different. 
 
 Heterogeneous, unlike in kind or nature. 
 
 Hetero,dox, unlike scripture doctrines ; heresy. 
 HEPTA (latin, septem) denotes seven. 
 
 Hepta,gon, a figure having seven angles. 
 
 Septennial, occurring once in seven years. 
 
EN'GLlSH LANGUAGE. 27 
 
 denotes the sun. 
 
 Heliocentric, position of a body as seen from the center 
 of the sun. 
 
 Helio,m'eter, a solar instrument ; a micrometer. 
 HYDRO (hudor) denotes water. 
 
 Hydrojogy, science of the laws of water, &c. 
 
 Hydro,phobia, dread of water ; canine madness, 
 
 Hydro,p'athy, water cure. 
 
 Hy'dr,ant, a pipe for conveying water. 
 
 Hydrostatics, the science of fluids at rest. 
 
 Hydra, a water serpent ; a monster. 
 HYPER (huper) denotes over, excess, beyond. 
 
 Hypercritical, critical beyond use, or reason. 
 
 Hyper,bole, an exaggerated expression. 
 
 Hyper,oxyd, that which has an excess of oxygen. 
 HYPO (hupo) denotes under, (figuratively.) 
 
 Hypo,crite, one under disguised sentiments. 
 
 Hypo,th v esis, a supposition under consideration. 
 
 Hypo,condrk, a being under dejection of spirits. 
 ICHTHYO (ichthus) denotes a fish. 
 
 Ichthyology, the science which treats of fishes. 
 LEXICO (lexikon) denotes a dictionary. 
 
 Lexicographer, a writer of dictionaries. 
 LITHO (lithos) denotes stone. 
 
 Litho,g'raphy, the art of engraving on stone. 
 
 LithoJ'ogy, the natural history of stones. 
 
 Litho,graph, a print from a drawing on stone. 
 <META denotes change, beyond. 
 
 Meta,morphose, to change into another form, 
 
 Meta,b'asis, a passing from one thing to another. 
 
 Meta,physics, a science above, or beyond physics. 
 -MYTEO (muthos) denotes fable. 
 
28 A NALYSISOFTH 
 
 Mytho,rogist, a writer of fables. 
 
 Mythology, a system of fables. 
 MISO, MIS (misos) denote hatred. 
 
 Misanthropy, hatred, or dislike to mankind 
 
 Miso,g'amistj a hater of marriage. 
 OSTEO (osteon) denotes bone. 
 
 OsteoJ'ogy, a description of bones. 
 
 Osteo,g'eny, the growth or formation of bories^ 
 ORTHO (orthos) denotes right, correct. 
 
 Ortho,g'raphy, the writing of words correctly. 
 
 Ortho,dox, correct, or sound in the faith. 
 
 Ortho,epy, correct pronunciation of words. 
 
 Ortho,l'ogy, the right description of things. 
 ORNITHO (ornis, ornithos) denotes a bird, or fowl. 
 
 Ornitho,l'ogy, the science of birds. 
 octo, OCTA, OCT (okto) denote eight. 
 
 Octa,gon, a figure having eight angles. 
 
 Octa,vo, a book, each sheet making eight leaves .< 
 
 Octo, her, the eighth month of the Roman year. 
 
 Oct,ant, the eighth part of a circle. 
 
 Octo ,n ocular,^ having eight eyes. 
 PARA denotes contrary, beyond, by the side of. 
 
 Para-dox, a tenet contrary to received opinions. 
 
 Parallel, equidistant ; lying side by side. 
 
 Para,gon, a model of excellencies ; a pattern, 
 
 Para,mount, beyond or superior to all others. 
 PROTO (protos) denotes first, or chief. 
 
 Proto,martyr, thsjirst martyr. 
 
 Prototype; an original, or chief model. 
 
 Protocol, the original copy of any writing. 
 PENTA (pente) denotes five. 
 
 * n is inserted for euphony. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 29 
 
 1?enta,g<sn, a figure having five angles. 
 
 Penta,chord, five strings ; an instrument of music. 
 
 Penta,teuch, the five books of Moses, 
 
 Pentameter, a verse having five poetic feet. 
 PHYSICO, PHYSIO (phusis, phusicos) nature, natural. 
 
 Physico,logic, logic illustrated by natural philosophy. 
 
 Physio,g'nomy, discerning the character of the mind by 
 
 the natural features of the face. 
 PYRO (pur) denotes fire, 
 
 Pyrotechnics, the art of making fire-works. 
 
 Pyro,l'ogy, a treatise on heat. 
 YLO (pohas) denotes many. 
 
 Polysyllable, a word of many syllables. 
 
 Poly,glot, a book containing words in many languages. 
 
 Poly,pode, an animal having many feet. 
 
 Polytechnic, comprehending many arts* 
 PHILO, PHIL (philos) denote a friend, love, or lover. 
 
 Philo,s'opher, a lover of wisdom. 
 
 Philo,l'ogy, a love of words or of language. 
 
 Philo,math, a lover of learning. 
 
 Philanthropist, a lover of mankind. 
 PERI denotes around, near or nearest. 
 
 Peri,ph'ery, a line passing round, as of a circle. 
 
 Peri,od, a circuit, or revolution, as of time, 
 
 Peri,gee; the moon's orbital point nearest the earth. 
 
 Peri,helion, an orbital point nearest the sun. 
 SYN, SYL, SYM, SY (sun) denote with, together with. 
 
 Synthesis, a putting of things together. 
 
 Syllable, letters put together for utterance. 
 
 Syn,agogue, a house ; an assembly of Jews met to 
 worship. 
 
 Sympathy, accordance in feeling uritk others. 
 
36 ANALYSlSOFTHfi 
 
 Sys,tem, a scheme of connected parts, arranged 
 
 Syn,opsis, a collection of things viewed at once, 
 STENO (stenos) denotes narrow, brief, short. 
 
 Stenographer, one who writes short hand. 
 STEREO (stereos) denotes solid, firm. 
 
 Stereotype, solid or fixed types in plates. 
 
 Stereo, m'etry, the art of measuring solid bodies. 
 TOPO (topos) denotes a place. 
 
 Topography, description of sorne country, or place, 
 THEO (Theos) denotes God. 
 
 Theology, science of God and divine things. 
 
 Theo,c'rasy, a government specially under God. 
 TYPO (tupos) denotes type. 
 
 Typographic, pertaining to printing. 
 zoo (zoVn) denotes an animal, or beast. 
 
 zo-Ojl'ogy, natural history of animals. 
 
 PREFIXES OF SAXON ORIGI$. 
 
 ALL denotes most, wholly, or in the highest degree. 
 
 All-cheering, most cheering. All-cheering news. 
 
 All-abandoned, wholly abandoned ; forsaken. 
 
 All-important, important in the highest degree. 
 AFTER denotes later, or following. 
 
 After-noon, the part of the day which follows noon* 
 
 After-part, the latter part, as of the day or night, 
 BE denotes nearness. It adds intensity. 
 
 Be-siege, to lay siege to, with armed force. 
 
 Be-deck, to adorn, or make mere beautiful 
 
 Be-times, seasonably ; in good season. 
 
 Be-witch, to fascinate by charms. 
 iY denotes near, aside. 
 
LANGUAGE. 
 
 jfey-stander, one who stands near by. 
 
 By-path, an obscure way; aside ; a private path* 
 
 By-passage, a passage one-side ; private. 
 ORE denotes before, or in front. 
 
 Fore-tell, to tell beforehand ; to predict. 
 
 Fore-show, to show beforehand ; to foretell. 
 
 Fore-side, the front part, or side. 
 OUT denotes beyond, excess. 
 
 Out-reach, to extend, or reach beyond. 
 
 Out-number, to number more ; to exceed. 
 
 Out-run, to exceed in running j to run faster. 
 OVER denotes excess, or above; (in place or rank.) 
 
 Over-anxious, too much anxiety, or excess. 
 
 Over-balance, excess of weight or value. 
 
 Over-load, td load too heavily ; to over-burden. 
 UP denotes rising, sustaining. 
 
 Up-lift, to raise, or elevate. Up,root, to tear up. 
 
 Up-hold, to keep up, by sustaining. Up,cast, &c* 
 UNDER denotes below, beneath, subordinate. 
 
 Under-current, a current beneath the surface. 
 
 Under-agent, a subordinate agent. 
 
 Under-let f to lease or let below the value* 
 
 Under-officer, one subordinate in rank. 
 WITH denotes opposing, or restraining. 
 
 With-stand, to oppose, or to resist. 
 
 Withhold, to keep back, to restrain. 
 
 31 
 
3S AN A LYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 Synopsis of Prefixes. 
 
 a ab abs. Most; .wholly; iu the highest degree, 
 
 ad ac af ag al an ap ) TQ . toward dosencsg or uniom 
 ar as at. ) 
 
 ambi. Both. 
 
 \ 
 
 amb amphi. Around or two. 
 
 ante. ' Before. 
 
 ant anti. Opposite ; against. 
 
 bene. Good or well. 
 
 bi bis. Two. 
 
 cis. On this side. 
 
 centu centi cent. A hundred. 
 
 contra contro counter. Against ; opposition to. 
 
 con co cog com col cor. With ; joined with ; or together. 
 
 circum. Around ; about. 
 
 de. From; depriving of; down. 
 
 di dis dif. Separating; out of ; from. 
 
 duo du. Two; double. 
 
 e exefec. Out; out of ; from; beyond. 
 
 en em. In, or upon. 
 
 equi. Equal. 
 
 extra. Beyond ; more than ; excess. 
 
 Not ; (with adj. and adv.) 
 in im ig il ir. Jn . imo . ^ ( With 
 
 inter. Between ; among, 
 
 intro. Within; into; unto, 
 
 infra. Under; below; 
 
 juris. Legal; lawful; right. 
 
 juxta. Near by ; nearness, 
 
 mis. Wrong; erroneous. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 33 
 
 inale rtial. Ill ; evil ; bad. 
 
 multi, Many, 
 
 tnanu. A hand. 
 
 Not. (With adj. and adv.) Un- 
 doing. (With verbs.) 
 
 nock . Night. 
 
 oh oc of op. In front ; against ; toward ; in, or on^ 
 
 omni panto part. All. 
 
 pleni. Full, 
 
 preter. Beyond; past; more than, 
 
 post. After. % 
 
 pro. Fore ; forth ; forward ; out, or for^ 
 
 pre. Before ; forward ; to surpass*] 
 
 per. Through ; by ; very ; over; 
 
 primo prim. First; original, 
 
 quad tetra. Four; 
 
 re. Again ; back ; return, 
 
 retro. Backward ; back, 
 
 se. Separation ; withdrawal* 
 
 super supra sur. Over and above ; beyond 
 
 sex hex hexa. Six. 
 
 soli mono. One ; alone* 
 
 sub subter. Under ; below ; after, 
 
 semi demi hemi. Half, 
 
 sine. Without, 
 
 trans ultra. Across ; beyorid ; change, 
 
 tri. Three. 
 
 unL One. 
 
ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 GREEK PREFIXES. 
 
 When the prefix is from a Greek word, such word is 
 given by Roman letters, enclosed in parenthesis. 
 
 Privation; destitute of ; without 
 
 Again ; against ; back. 
 
 Chief; beginning. 
 
 A star. 
 
 One's self. 
 
 From. 
 
 The best, viz., Noble or Nobles. 
 
 a. 
 
 ana. 
 
 arch, (arche) 
 
 astro, (aster, astron) 
 
 auto, (autos) 
 
 apo aph. 
 
 aristo, (aristos) 
 
 bio. (bios) 
 
 biblio. (biblion) 
 
 cata. 
 
 choro. (chores. 
 
 chiro. (cheir) 
 
 chrono. (chronos) 
 
 tosmo. (cosmos) 
 
 dia. 
 
 dys. 
 
 deca dec. (deka) 
 
 eu. 
 
 epi. 
 
 entomo. (entoma) 
 
 geo. (ge') 
 
 homo, (homos) 
 
 Life. 
 
 A book. 
 
 Against; down. 
 
 A place, or country. 
 
 A hand. 
 
 Time. 
 
 The world. 
 
 Through. 
 
 Bad; difficult. 
 
 Ten. 
 
 Good ; well ; praise. 
 
 In ; on ; upon. 
 
 An insect. 
 
 The earth. 
 
 Like; similar. 
 
 Unlike; dissimilar. 
 
 hetero. (heteros) 
 
 hepta. (Latin Septem.) Seven. 
 
 helio. (helios) The sun. 
 
 hydro, (hudor) Water. 
 
 hyper, (huper) Over ; excess ; beyond* 
 
 hypo, (hupo) Under. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 35 
 
 ichthyo. (ichthus) A fish. 
 
 lexico. (lexikon) A dictionary. 
 
 litho, (lithos) Stone. 
 
 meta. Change ; beyond. 
 
 mytho. (muthos) A fable. 
 
 miso mis. (misos) Hatred. 
 
 osteo. (osteon) Bone. 
 
 ortho. (orthos) Eight ; correct. 
 
 ornitho. (ornithos) A bird ; a fowl. 
 
 octo octa oct. (okto) Eight. 
 
 para. Contrary; beyond. 
 
 proto. (protos) First; chief. 
 
 penta. (pente) Five. 
 
 physico physio, (phusis) Nature ; natural. 
 
 pyro. (pur) Fire. 
 
 poly, (polus) Many. 
 
 philo phil. (philos) Friend ; love ; lover. 
 
 peri. Around ; near. 
 
 syn syl sym sy. (sun) With ; together with. 
 
 steno. (stenos) Narrow; brief; short. 
 
 stereo, (stereos) Solid; firm. 
 
 topo. (topos) A place. 
 
 theo. (theos) God. 
 
 typo, (tupos) Type. 
 
 zoV (zoon) An animal ; a beast. 
 
 PREFIXES OF SAXON ORIGIN. 
 
 all. Most; wholly; in the highest degree, 
 
 after. . Later ; following, 
 
 be. Nearness. (Adding intensity.) 
 
 by. Near; aside. 
 
36 ANALYSIS OF TH 5 
 
 fore. Before ; in front, 
 
 out. Beyond ; excess. 
 
 over. Excess; above. 
 
 up. Rising; sustaining, 
 
 under. Below; beneath, 
 
 with. Opposing; retaining. 
 
 SECTION V. 
 
 Classification of Prefixes. 
 
 In the subjoined section the Prefixes are thus arranged 
 expressly for the convenience of such teachers as may wish 
 their class to answer them in concert. 
 
 The teacher will pronounce each prefix ; and the class, in 
 concert, will define it. 
 
 ambi, both. manu, the hand, 
 
 bio, life. meta, a change, 
 
 chrono, time. multi, many, 
 
 duo, two. poly, many, 
 
 dia, through. post, after, 
 
 deca, ten. pre, before. 
 
 Jiepta, seven. steno, short, 
 
 mni, all. zoo', a beast, 
 
 octo, eight. biblio, a book, 
 
 pleni, full. helio, the sun. 
 
 penta, five. ichthyo, a fish, 
 
 proto, first. osteo, a bone, 
 
 pyro, fire, ornitho, a fowl, 
 
 tetra, four. physico, nature. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 37 
 
 uni, one. 
 Theo, God. 
 ad, to. 
 noct, night, 
 quod, four, 
 sex, six. 
 tri, three, 
 ante, before, 
 astro, a star, 
 auto, one's self, 
 amphi, around, 
 bene; good, well, 
 chiro, the hand, 
 choro, some place, 
 cosmo, the world, 
 contra, against, 
 circum. around, 
 extra, beyond, 
 equi, equal, 
 geo, the earth, 
 hydro, water, 
 hyper, over, 
 intro, within, 
 inter, between, 
 infra, below, 
 juxta, near to. 
 juris, legal, 
 litho, a stone, 
 stereo, solid, 
 mytho, a fable. 
 
 entomo, an insect. 
 
 lexico, dictionary. 
 
 genea, lineage. 
 
 homo, same kind. 
 
 hetero, different kinds. 
 
 epi ; in, or on. 
 
 soli, alone. 
 
 mono ; one, alone. 
 
 ortho ; right, correct. 
 
 preter ; past, beyond. 
 
 super; over, above. 
 
 centu ; a hundred. 
 
 counter, opposite. 
 
 se, separation. 
 
 typo ; type, figure. 
 
 peri ; near, under, about. 
 
 ana ; again, back. 
 
 aristo, the Nobles. 
 
 anti, ant ; against. 
 
 bis, hi ; two parts. 
 
 hexa, hex ; six. 
 
 miso, mis ; hatred. 
 
 male, mal; bad, evil. 
 
 philo, phil ; a friend, lover. 
 
 panto, pan ; all. 
 
 trans, ultra ; a cross. 
 
 apo, aph ; from, away from. 
 
 non, ne, nn ; not. 
 
 di, dis ; separation, not. 
 
 ob ; in front, before. 
 
38 AN A LYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION VI. 
 
 Explanation of the, Suffixes. 
 
 ALTHOUGH the Suffixes will not admit of as precise 
 definitions as the Prefixes, yet they can be classed so as to 
 answer the general purposes of defining words. 
 
 A Suffix is a letter or letters, a syllable or syllables, 
 appended to the end of a word, to add force, vary or modify 
 its signification. 
 
 The word act means something done, or to do something. 
 Now add or, and it becomes actor, and means the person 
 who does something. 
 
 " Imprison means to confine in some place. Now add 
 ment, and it becomes imprisonment, and implies the act of- 
 confining in some place. Such terminations, we denomi- 
 nate Suffixes. The following are the principal in our 
 language, classified and defined, according to their general 
 import. 
 
 ABLE, IBLE imply that may be, can be, capable of being, 
 fit or worthy to be. 
 
 . EXAMPLES. 
 
 Audible, that may be heard, or can be heard. 
 Payable, that may be paid, or can be paid. 
 Movable, that may be moved, or can be moved. 
 Tamable, that may be tamed, or capable of being. 
 Flexible, that may be bent, or can be bent. 
 iiegible, that may be read, or can be read. 
 Illegible, fit to be chosen, or worthy to be chosen. 
 ABILITY, IBILITY, ABLENESS, JBLENESS imply the property, or 
 
 quality, capable of being ; the state ; the capacity of, 
 
 or the susceptibility of being. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 39 
 
 Compressibility, the quality of being compressed. 
 Divisibility, the quality of being divisible. 
 Inft&mmableness, the capacity of taking fire. 
 Desirableness, the quality of being desirable. 
 M.}serableness, the stoe of being miserable. 
 M.utability, susceptibility of change. 
 Durability, the property capable of lasting. 
 Phiableness, state deserving of compassion, 
 ANCE, ANCY, ENCE, ENCY, ION, MENT imply the act of, the 
 result of, the state, the state of being, the thing, or 
 . that which. 
 
 Dependence, ) a state of hanging down from a supporter ; 
 Dependency, ) reliance; trust. 
 Emergence, 7 the act of rising out of, as out of water ; 
 Emergency, i an occurrence not expected. 
 Contrivance, the act of planning ; the thing planned. 
 Compliance, the act of complying, or willingness. 
 Navigation, the act of sailing, or state fit for. 
 Union, the act of joining ; or state of being joined. 
 Progression, the act of -moving forward ; an advance. 
 Immersion, the act of plunging into, or state. 
 Concession, the act of yielding; the thing yielded. 
 Confinement, the state of being confined. 
 Debasement, The act of debasing, or a state, &c. 
 Excitement, the act of, the state, or that which excites. 
 Consignment, the act of consigning, or thing consigned. 
 Amusement, that which or the thing which amuses. 
 ANT, ENT (when the word is a noun) imply the person 
 
 who, or the thing which. 
 ANT, BNT (when the word is an adjective) require the 
 
 defining word to end in ing, or a present participle. 
 
40 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 NOUNS. 
 
 Defendant, the person who defends. 
 President, the man who presides over. 
 Deponed, the person who makes a deposition. 
 Combated, one who contends with another. 
 Delinquent, one who fails to do his duty. 
 Suppliant, one who entreats submissively. 
 [ Expectant, one who waits in expectation of. 
 Inhabit<m, one who has a fixed residence in; 
 
 ADJECTIVES. 
 
 Refulgent, shining, or castmg- a light. 
 Cohered, sticking, or cleaving together, 
 Co-incide^, falling, or meeting on ths same point. 
 Circumfluent, Rowing around ; surroundm^. 
 Co-existed, existmg- at the same time. 
 Evanesced, vanishm^; passing away. 
 Indulged, yielding to the wishes of others. 
 Kelucta?^, striving slightly against ; unwilling. 
 AC, ic, AL, ARY denote pertaining to, belonging to, relating 
 
 to, or consisting of. 
 
 Demoniac, pertaining to demons, or evil spirits. 
 Elegiac, belonging to elegy. (A mournful poem.) 
 Orgamc, pertaining to an organ or organs, 
 Domestic, belonging to the house, or home. 
 Romantic, pertaining to romance ; fanciful. 
 Acadermc, belonging to an Academy. 
 ArteriaZ, pertaining to an artery or arteries. 
 Imperial, pertaining to an Empire or Emperor. 
 NominaZ, pertaining to a name or names. 
 PatrimoniaZ, pertaining to a patrimony. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 41 
 
 Provincial, pertaining to a province. 
 
 Material, consisting of matter ; not spiritual. 
 
 Planetary, pertaining to the planets. 
 
 Literary, pertaining to letters, or literature. 
 
 Numerar?/, belonging to a certain number. 
 
 Perusa/, ^ the ac of perusing or reading with care. 
 
 Refusal, the act of refusing, or denying. 
 
 Removal, the act Amoving to another place. 
 
 KenewaZ, the act of renewing or forming anew. 
 ATE This Suffix requires the particle to, to be prefixed to 
 the definer, thus : 
 
 Illustrate, to make clear ; to explain. 
 
 Tolerate, to suffer to be ; to allow ; to permit. 
 
 Cultivate, to till ; to manure ; to improve. 
 
 Vindicate, to defend; to justify; to avenge. 
 
 Exterminate, to destroy utterly ; to root out. 
 
 Obliterate, t to efface ; to expunge ; to blot out, 
 DOM, RIC imply jurisdiction, or possession. 
 
 DakeoWz, the possessions of a Duke. 
 
 Kingdom, the territory subject to a king. 
 
 Bishopric, the jurisdiction of a Bishop. 
 KN 1st. Denotes made of, (when suffixed to nouns.) 
 2nd. It denotes to make, (when suffixed to adjectives.) 
 
 1st. Birchen, made of birch ; or consisting of birch. 
 
 * When al is suffixed to a word which, before its addition, was a 
 verb, it denotes the act of. 
 
 t Most words ending in ate are verbs, and may very generally be 
 denned (like the above) by a synonymous verb in the infinitive mode. 
 The few" of that termination which are adjectives, commonly denote 
 quality, or state ; as Effeminate, having the qualities of the female 
 sex. Illiterate, the state of being unlearned. Some few are nouns, 
 as Candidate. 
 
 4* 
 
42 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Earths, made of earth, or clay. 
 
 Flaxen, made of flax; resembling flax. 
 
 Golden, made, or consisting of gold ; like gold. 
 
 Hempen, made of, or consisting of hemp. 
 
 Waxen, made of, or consisting of wax. 
 
 2ndJ Brighter, to make bright, or brighter. 
 
 Soften, to make soft, or softer. 
 
 Sharpen, to make sharp, or sharper. 
 
 Weaken, to make weak, or weaker. 
 
 Strengthen, to make strong, or stronger. 
 
 Lengthen, to make longer ; to extend. 
 FUL, OSE imply full of, or abounding with. 
 
 Care/z/Z, full of care ; giving good heed. 
 
 Fruit/wZ, abounding with fruit ; productive. 
 
 Verbose, abounding with words ; wordy, 
 
 Playful, hopeful, spiteful, distrustful, operose, &c. 
 HOOD, SHIP denote state, office, or quality. 
 
 ManAocd, the state of being a man. 
 
 Woman/wo^, the state, or qualities of a woman. 
 
 Childhood, the state of being a child. 
 
 Priesthood, the office of a priest. 
 
 Professors/^, the office of a professor. 
 
 Lordship, the state or quality of being a lord. 
 
 ~Partership, a state of connection in business. 
 
 Hardihood, the quality of being bold, 
 IZE, FY, FIT, FIC, FERGUS imply to make, or to become- 
 producing, or causing 
 
 Equalize, to make lawful, to authorize. 
 
 LegaKze, to make equal, or produce equality. 
 
 Tranquilzze, to make calm, or peaceful. 
 
 Crystalzze, to cause to form crystals. 
 
 Sanctify, to make pure, or holy. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 43 
 
 Simpli/y, to make simple, or plain. 
 
 Beauti/?/, to make happy, or cause to be happy. 
 
 Solidify, to make solid, or compact. 
 
 Terri/c, causing terror, fear, or dread. 
 
 Somni/c, producing sleep. 
 
 Caloric, the quality of producing heat. 
 
 Floriferous, producing flowers. 
 
 Melliferous, producing honey. 
 
 'Ba.ccrferous, producing berries. 
 ITY, CY imply the state of lei?ig, quality, or power. 
 
 Steril^?/, the state of being unproductive. 
 
 Tranquil^, the state of being calm ; composed. 
 
 Secure^, a state of being secure ; in a safe state. 
 
 Hostility, the state of war ; or private enmity. 
 
 Celibacy, a state of single life ; unmarried. 
 
 Supremacy, the state of being supreme. 
 
 Intimacy, the state of being familiar with. 
 
 Elastic!^, the power of springing back.^ 
 ISH implies like or similar to, (when suffixed to nouns ;) 
 but suffixed to adjectives, it is equivalent to some- 
 what, implying, in some degree. 
 
 TO NOUNS. 
 
 Childish, like a child, or similar to a child. 
 Foolish, like a fool, or similar to a fool. 
 Brutish, like a brute, or similar to a brute. 
 Clownish, like a clown, or similar to a clown. 
 Boyish, like a boy, or similar to a boy. 
 Mulish, like a mule ; sullen ; stubborn. 
 
 * Words ending in ity, may be well defined by suffixing ness, to a 
 synonymous definer. Thus, concavity, hollowness ; celerity, quick- 
 Tim ; velocity, swiftness ; temerity, rashness ; acidity, sourness ; 
 edacity, greediness ; audacity, boldness, &c. 
 
44 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 TO ADJECTIVES. 
 
 Dampish, somewhat damp, 
 
 Coolish, somewhat cool ; or in some degree. 
 
 Greenish, somewhat green ; or in some degree. 
 
 SourM, somewhat sour ; or in some degree. 
 
 DarkisA, somewhat dark ; dusky. 
 
 Redish,* somewhat red ; or in some degree. 
 IVE implies tending to, or the power of; relating to, or the 
 nature of; sometimes containing, or quality. 
 
 Delusive, tending to deceive ; deceptive. 
 
 Impressive, tending to make an impression. 
 
 Preventive, tending to hinder ; hindering. 
 
 Dissuasive, tending to dissuade, or turn from. 
 
 Subversive, tending to subvert, or overthrow. 
 
 Creative, having power to create, or make. 
 
 Productz'z;e, having the power of producing. 
 
 Compulsi?;e, having power to compel. 
 
 Diffusive, having the quality of diffusing. 
 
 Attractive, having the quality of attracting. 
 
 Destructive, causi?ig destruction. 
 
 Exhortative, containing exhortation. 
 
 Defective,! containing defects ; wanting, 
 ics implies the science, doctrine, or art of. 
 
 Acoustics, the science of sounds, teaching their cause. 
 
 Optics, the science which treats of light. 
 
 Ethics, the doctrine of morality ; moral science. 
 
 Technics, the doctrine of arts in general. 
 
 * In a few instances, ish denotes Nationality ; as English, Spanish, 
 Danish, Turkish, Jewish, &c. 
 
 t In some few cases, ive denotes a person ; as Executive, the man 
 who administers the Government. Representative, one who acts as 
 an agent. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. % 45 
 
 Pneumatics, the science of elastic fluids ; as air. 
 ILE implies pertaining or belonging to ; easily. 
 
 Puerile, pertaining to boys, or youth. 
 
 Juvenile, pertaining, or suited to youth. 
 
 Mercantz'Ze, pertaining to commerce. 
 
 InfantzZe, pertaining to infancy, or an infant. 
 
 Docile, easily instructed; teachable. 
 
 Fragife, easily broken ; liable to fail ; brittle. 
 
 Flexile, easily bent ; or that can be bent. 
 ISM implies doctrines, principles , or state ; opinions, prac- 
 tice, or peculiar to. 
 
 Calvinism, the doctrines of Calvin. 
 
 Materialism, the doctrine of materialists. 
 
 Puritanism, the principles of the puritans. 
 
 Deism, the doctrine or creed of a Deist. 
 
 Fatalism, the doctrine of fate, or necessity. 
 
 Heathenism, the state of being ignorant of God. 
 
 Modernisms, modern practices ; recent. 
 
 Gallicism, peculiar to the French language. 
 
 Anglicism, peculiar to the English language. 
 LESS. denotes without, or destitute of. 
 
 Hopeless, without hope, or destitute of hope. 
 
 Fearte, without fear, or destitute of fear. 
 
 Motionless, without motion ; at rest. 
 
 Comfortless, without comfort ; miserable. 
 
 Sleepless, without sleep ; having no sleep. 
 LY denotes like, or similar to, when suffixed to a noun. 
 It denotes somewhat, when suffixed to an adjective. 
 
46 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 FIRST. TO NOUNS. 
 
 Saintly, like a saint. 
 
 ManZ?/, like a man. PrinceZ?/, like a prince. 
 FriendZ?/, like a friend ; similar to a friend. 
 CowardZ?/, Zf&e a coward; timid; fearful. 
 Neighbor^, like a neighbor ; kind ; civil. 
 
 SECOND. TO ADJECTIVES. 
 
 Blind/?/, in a blind manner. 
 Proud Zy, in a proud manner ; haughtily. 
 SoberZ?/, in a sober manner ; seriously. 
 PrudentZ//, in a prudent manner. 
 GracefulZy, in a graceful manner. 
 Quietly, in a quiet manner ; calmly. 
 DiscreetZ?/, in a discreet manner ; prudently. 
 Modest/?/, in a modest manner ; decently. 
 NESS denotes an abstract quality* or a state. 
 
 Softness, the quality of easily yielding to pressure. 
 Limberaess, the quality of being easily bent. 
 Manli?zm, the qualities of a man ; dignity. 
 M.e\lowness, the quality of being soft ; softness. 
 Bitterness, the quality which excites a biting sense. 
 Redness, the quality of being red ; blood color. 
 Brightness, the quality of being bright. 
 Goodness, the quality of being good. 
 Sound/iess, the state of being sound. 
 FaintTzess, the state of being faint. 
 Lameness, the state of being lame. 
 
 * Round, is having the form of a circle ; and roundness, is the 
 abstract quality of such a figure, without reference to any th'ing to 
 which it applies, whether a wheel, a globe, an apple, or whatever may 
 have that form. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 47 
 
 Remoteness, state of being remote ; far off. 
 ORY denotes containing, tending to, a place, power of, 
 
 Mandatory, containing a command. 
 
 Explanatory, containing explanation. 
 
 Promissory, containing a promise. 
 
 Admonitory, containing admonition. 
 
 Inflammatory, tending to inflammation. 
 
 Consolatory, tending to give comfort. 
 
 Derogatory, tending to lessen in reputation. 
 
 Observatory, a place for observation. 
 
 Laboratory, a place for chemical experiments. 
 
 Depository, a place where deposits are made. 
 
 Compulsory, having power to compel. ^ 
 ous implies containing, partaking of, consisting of, full of^ 
 or relating to. 
 
 Slandero&s, containing slander; reproachful. 
 
 Humorous, containing humor ; exciting laughter. 
 
 Villaino&s, partaking of villany ; very vile. 
 
 Kesinows, partaking of resin ; like resin. 
 
 Invidious, partaking of envy ; provoking envy. 
 
 Amphibious, partaking of two natures. 
 
 Ponderous, partaking of weight ; very heavy. 
 
 Murderous, consisting in murder ; cruel. 
 
 Numerous, consisting of numbers ; many. 
 
 'Bilious, consisting of bile ; partaking of bile. 
 
 Miscellaneous, consisting of various topics. 
 
 Clamoro&s, full of noise ; vociferous ; noisy. 
 
 * Words ending in ory as a svffix^ may be very well defined by 
 joining ing to that form of the word which remains after dropping ory, 
 with those changes of letters required by that termination. Thus : 
 Prohibitory, prohibit^ ng ; Declaratory, declaring; Explanatory, ex- 
 plaining ; Promissory, promising, &c. 
 
48 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Mischievous, full of mischief; inclined to injure. 
 Tutnultuows, full of tumult ; disorderly. 
 Populous, full of people ; abounding with people, 
 pip implies resembling. 
 
 Varioloid, a disease resembling small pox. 
 Asterozd, resembling a star ; (a small planet.) 
 Sphenoid, resembling a wedge, as to form. 
 Typhoid, a fever resembling typhus fever. 
 SOME denotes possessing a degree of, quality of, or causing. 
 Handsome, possessing a degree of beauty. 
 Gladsome, causing a degree of joy ; joyful. 
 Troublesome, causing something of trouble. 
 Burdensome, causing uneasiness, or fatigue. 
 Wholesome, possessing a healthful quality. 
 Wearisome, causing weariness, or fatigue. 
 ED Is a verbal and participial termination, implying past 
 time of action. It expresses its own meaning, yet 
 may sometimes be made more explicit by adding 
 was or did, to the past tense of the verb ; as 
 I walked, meaning I did walk. 
 
 ING Is a participial termination implying a time of pro- 
 gressive action, and may be rendered with direct 
 reference to that time, continuing to. 
 
 ING . I s frequently used to express some article, or thing ; as 
 Clothmo-, Shipping. 
 
 AST, ER, ESS, El, EER, IAN, 1ST, ITE, IX, OR, RESS, SAN, ZEN. 
 
 These terminations indicate a person or thing, when used 
 as suffixes ; er, however, has many exceptions, as occurring 
 in the comparison of adjectives. Some of the others, also, 
 have a few exceptions ; ess and ix, always denote the 
 feminine gender. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 49 
 
 Baker, one whose occupation is to take. 
 Enthusks, a person of ardent zeal in some cause. 
 Auctioneer, the person who sells at auction. 
 Historic, a writer, or compiler of history. 
 Poetess, trustee, morale's?, paras^e, executra, instructor, 
 seamstress, artis^m, denizen, &c,, denote persons. 
 
 NOTE. AR, ARD, ADO, STEja, ATE, and oso, in some few cases, 
 denote a person ; as 
 
 Beggar, drunkard, bravado, teamster, candidate, virtuoso, &c., 
 imply persons. 
 CLE, ET, KIN, LING, LET, and TILE, in many cases, imply 
 
 little, or young ; as in 
 
 VersicZe, a little verse ; turret, a little tower ; lambkin, a 
 little lamb; duckling, a little duck; Wet, a little band; 
 globwZe, a little globe, &c. 
 ERY (as a suffix) frequently implies ; 
 1st. An art, or practice ; as in 
 
 Cookery, quackery, witchery, surgery, gunnery, &c. 
 2nd. A place where something is made, or done ; as 
 
 Brewery, fishery, tannery, grocery, nursery, &c. 
 y (as a suffix) to monosyllables, denotes some, or abund- 
 ance of; as in 
 
 Kainy, some rain, or abundance of rain, &c. 
 Grassy, hilly, sandy, shady, frosty, marshy, dewy, fleshy, 
 
 slimy, faulty, spicy, curly, shaggy, &c. 
 It must be remembered, that the foregoing definitions ^o 
 the Suffixes, cannot be expected precisely to meet every case 
 in the language ; but from careful examination of some 
 thousands of words, it is believed they ivill answer all the 
 common purposes of defining, and, generally, enable the 
 pupil dearly to perceive the several modifications of import, 
 produced by their combinations with the primitive word. 
 
 5 
 
ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 able ible. 
 
 ability ibility , 
 ableness ibleness. ' 
 ar^ce ancy ion ) 
 ence ency ment. $ 
 ant ent. 
 
 ac ical ary. 
 
 dom ric. 
 
 en, 
 
 ful ose, 
 
 hood ship. 
 
 ize fy fit fie ferous. 
 
 ity cy. 
 
 ish ly. 
 
 ive. 
 
 ics. 
 
 ile. 
 
 less. 
 
 ness. 
 
 ory. 
 
 ous. 
 
 s<ne. 
 
 ast er ess ee eer ) 
 
 ian ist ite ix or V 
 
 ress san zen. J 
 
 ar ard ado ster ate ) 
 
 oso. ) 
 
 kin et ling let ule. 
 
 SECTION VH. 
 
 Synopsis of Suffixes. 
 
 That may be ; that can be, &c. 
 7 The property or quality capable of be-< 
 \ ing ; the state or susceptibility of being. 
 
 The act of ; the state ; the state of 
 being, or the thing. 
 
 The person who, or thing which. 
 
 Pertaining to ; relating to ; 
 consisting of, &c. 
 
 Jurisdiction ; possession. 
 
 Made of, or to make. 
 
 Full of; abounding with. 
 
 State ; office ; quality. 
 
 To make, or become. 
 
 The state of being ; quality ; power. 
 
 Like ; similar to ; somewhat. 
 
 Tending to ; relating to ; power of. 
 
 The science, doctrine, or art of. 
 
 Pertaining to ; easily. 
 
 Without ; destitute of, 
 
 The abstract quality, or state. 
 
 Containing; tending to; place. 
 
 Containing; partaking of ; full of. 
 
 Possessing a degree of; causing. 
 
 Commonly imply the person, or thing. 
 
 Sometimes denote a person. 
 Little, or young. 
 
feNGLISH LANGUAGE. 51 
 
 SECTION VIII. 
 
 AN exercise to test the knowledge of pupils, in giving and applying 
 <a correct definition to the foregoing prefixes. 
 
 1. Let the teacher pronounce the word to which the prefix is to be 
 joined, and give its signification. 
 
 2. Let him next pronounce the word with its prefix joined, and ask 
 the pupil what it now means. 
 
 3. The scholar is then to give the definition. This he will readily 
 do, if he knows the true meaning of the prefix. 
 
 EXAMPLE. 
 
 Teacher. Potent implies having power. What does 
 Plenipotent mean ? 
 
 Pupil. Having full power. 
 
 Teacher. Why ? 
 
 Pupil. Because pleni, means full, and potent, having 
 power. 
 
 Teacher. What does Omnipotent mean ? 
 
 Pupil. Having all power. 
 
 Teacher. Why ? 
 
 Pupil. Because omni means all. 
 
 Teacher. What does Impotent mean ? 
 
 Pupil. Not having power. 
 
 Teacher. Why ? 
 
 Pupil. Because im, prefixed to adjectives and ad- 
 verbs, means not. 
 
 Frequently exercising the pupils on the following Words, 
 according to the above example, will render them familiar 
 with the common import of the prefixes, and prompt in 
 their just application. 
 
 EXERCISE. 
 
 im omni pleni. Potent, having power, 
 
 mis pre re* Judge, to form an opinion, 
 
52 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 ante mis post. Date, to note time. 
 
 af pre post. Fix, to set or place. 
 
 ad con re. Join, to unite. 
 
 eireum subter. Fluent, a flowing. 
 
 dis en un. Able, having power to d6. 
 
 cb non un. Essential, necessary. 
 
 ec geo helio. Centric, pertaining to the center. 
 
 col ob sub. Ligation, the act of binding. 
 
 bi equi multi. Lateral, pertaining to the side. 
 
 derai hemi. Sphere, a globe or ball. 
 
 Syllable, a combination of letters, to 
 dis mono poly. be uttered by one impulse of the 
 
 voice. 
 
 auto bio geo. Graphic, a writing or describing. 
 
 a pan tri. Theist, a believer in one God. 
 
 over sur un. Charged, loaded, 
 
 ab dis e. Ruption, a bursting ; a breach, 
 
 eireum per. Ambulate, to walk, 
 
 ep juxta. Position, situation, attitude. 
 
 Petalous, having petals. (Flower 
 
 leaves.) 
 
 trans ultra. Marine, pertaining to the sea, 
 
 semidia dia. Meter, a measure, 
 
 bi mal unr. Form, shape, figure, 
 
 mis self un. Taught, instructed, 
 
 iride de pro. Pendent, hanging from, 
 
 chrono hydro. Meter, a measure, 
 
 com de sup. Press, to squeeze, or urge by force', 
 deca hexa tetra. ' Chord, string of a harp, &c. 
 did en re. Close, to shut, 
 
 mis pre self. Opinion, a judgment formed, 
 
 bene male. Factor, an agent or doer^ 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 3 
 
 SECTION IX. 
 
 Rules for Forming Derivative Words, 
 
 RULE 1. Final e must be dropped before the addition 
 t)f a syllable, or suffix beginning with a vowel ; as, 
 blame guide recite globe 
 
 blamable guidance recital globular 
 
 Exception. Words ending in ge, or ce, commonly retain 
 final, before able and ous ; as, 
 
 peace charge change notice 
 
 peaceable chargeable changetz^e noticec3Ze 
 RULE 2. Final e is retained before ly, l&ss, ness, ful> 
 and some ; and generally before ment ; as, 
 
 wise hope base peace 
 
 wisely hopeful "baseness peaceless 
 
 state blithe noise grace 
 
 statement \Aithesome noiseZess graceful 
 Exception. Awe, argue, due, true, lodge, judge, abridge, 
 whole, and acknowledge, do not retain e, as, 
 
 awe due argue awe 
 
 awful duly argument awless 
 
 RULE 3. When the letter y terminates a primitive 
 word, or occurs as the final letter in any of the derivative 
 forms, and in either case another letter or suffix is added, 
 y is commonly changed into i, except before ing ; as, 
 comely fury merry 
 
 comeliTzew furious merriment 
 
 mercy jolly holy 
 
 merciful jollity holiness 
 
 Exception 1. y is sometimes changed into e; as, 
 duty beauty pity plenty 
 
 \>eauteous 
 
54 ANALYSIS OT THE 
 
 Exception 2. When y is preceded by a vowel in the 
 
 same syllable, (except in lay, say, pay,) it remains un- 
 changed, as, 
 
 boy betray annoy 
 
 boyish betrayed annoyance 
 
 play delay convey 
 
 playing delay ing convey able 
 
 RULE 4. y is never changed when followed by ing ; as, 
 fly try deny comply 
 
 ftying trying denying complying 
 
 RULE 5. Verbs ending in ie, change those letters into y 
 before ing; as, 
 
 die tie vie belie 
 
 dying tying #2/ing belling , 
 
 KULE 6. Monosyllables, and words accented on the last 
 syllable, ending with a single consonant, preceded by a 
 short vowel, double that consonant before an additional 
 syllable, beginning with a vowel ; as, 
 
 gun pet rob snap 
 
 gunWr petted robber snappish 
 
 RULE 7. Monosyllables ending with a single consonant, 
 preceded by a digraph, or dipthong, do not double the 
 consonant in their derivatives ; as, 
 
 chief clear aid ail 
 
 chiefZy clearZy aiding ailment 
 
 Exception. If, in forming the derivatives, one letter of 
 the digraph is dropped, the consonant is sometimes doubled ; 
 as, appeal, appellant ; fail, fallible. 
 
 NOTE. The verbs befall, install* miscall, recall, forestall, in- 
 thr all, foretell, distill, instill, fulfill, retain both consonants. Such 
 words as end in dd,ff, ss, also retain both in their derivatives ; as, odd, 
 oddwess; stiff, stift%; bliss, blissful ; hiss, 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 65 
 
 RULE 8. When t, or s, precedes e final, in such words 
 as admit ion, e is dropped and ion added ; as, 
 
 legate promote dilate diffuse 
 
 legation promotion dilation diffusion 
 
 NOTE. Many words in ate, drop te, and either take ble, or cy aSj 
 estimate agitate accurate delicate 
 
 estimate agitable accuracy delicacy 
 
 RULE 9. y, before the suffixes ous, al, and able, is 
 changed to i, and commonly retained ; as, 
 
 rely Deny injury 
 
 reliable Denial injurioi&s 
 
 NOTE. The exceptions are few, and rarely increase the number of 
 syllables in the word, as mutiny, mutinous. 
 
 Rule 10. Most words ending infy change y into i, and 
 take cation ; as, 
 
 deify, dislocation fortify, fortification 
 
 Exceptions. A few words ending infy, drop y, and take 
 action ; as, 
 
 stupefy, stupefaction tumefy, tumefaction 
 
 RULE 11 Many words ending in ize, drop e t and take 
 ation ; as, 
 
 legalize civilize generalize 
 
 legalization civilization generalization 
 
 Some few words also not ending in ize, take ation ; as, 
 sense form inflame 
 
 sensation formation inflammation 
 
56 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION X. 
 
 The following exercises are specimens of the manner in 
 which derivatives are formed. The hyphen ( - ) shows that 
 each suffix, consecutively, one by one, is to be united with 
 its primitive, or the word thus used> thereby forming the 
 several derivatives ; thus, 
 
 Help-ed-er-ing-fuWess 
 
 Mix-ed-er-ing 
 And, when combined, they form the words, 
 
 Helped; Helper. Helping. Helpful. Helpless. 
 
 Mixed. Mixer. Mixing. 
 
 f NOTE. The termination ed, in the past tense and participles of 
 Verbs, retains the vowel e, in this work, for the sake of showing the 
 orthography ; but in customary pronunciation, this vowel is omitted* 
 except after d, and t ; as in mixed> wished, loved, pronounced, mixt, 
 wisht, lovd. 
 
 1. Exercise in forming derivatives. 
 
 Mix-ed-er-ing. Talk-ed-er-ing. 
 
 Wis-ed-er-ing. Nail-ed-er-ing. 
 
 2. Exercise. See Rules 1st and 2nd with their exceptions* 
 
 Bake-ed-er-ing. Skate-ed-er-ing. 
 
 Trade-ed-ering. Taste-ed-er-ing. 
 
 3. Exercise. See Rule 1st. 
 
 Ad mire-able-ability. Diffuse-able-ibility. 
 
 4. Exercise. See exception 2nd under Rule 3rd. 
 
 Obey-ed-ing. Annoy-ed-ing. 
 
 Delay-ed-ihg. Destroy-ed-ing. 
 
 5. Exercise. Apply Rule 3rd. 
 
 Glory-ous-ously. Melody-ous-ously. 
 
 Envy-ous-ously. Penury-ous-ously* 
 
 6. Exercise. See 1st exception under Rule 3rd. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 Duty, duteous. Pity, piteous. 
 
 Beauty, beauteous. Plenty, plenteous, 
 
 7. Exercise. See Rule 4tn. 
 
 Try-ing. Fly-ing. Testify-ing. 
 
 Cry-ing. Fry-ing. Satisfy-ing. 
 
 8. Exercise. See Rule 6th. 
 
 Skim-mer-med. Refer-red-ring. 
 
 Rob-ber-bed-bing. Concur-rent-rence, 
 
 9. Exercise. See Rule 7th. 
 
 Chain-ed-ing. Load-ed-ing. 
 
 Rain-ed-ing. Nail-ed-ing. 
 
 10. Exercise. See Rule 8th. 
 Educate-ion. Diffuse-ion^ 
 Obligate-ion. Confuse-ion, 
 
 11. Exercise. See note under Rule 8th. 
 Separate-ble-bility. Confederate-cy. 
 Imitate-ble-bility. Intimate-cy. 
 
 12. Exercise. See Rule 9th. 
 
 Rely. Deny. Injury. 
 
 Reliable. Denial. Injurious, 
 
 13. Exercise. See Rule 10th and its exception. 
 Purify-ed-cation. Stupefy-action. 
 Edify-ed-cation. Putrefy-action. 
 
 14. Exercise. See Rule llth. 
 Moralize-ation. Legalize-ation- 
 Civilize-ation. Realize-ation. 
 
 See under Rule 11th. 
 
 Sense-ation. Form-ation. 
 
 Inflame-mation, Condemn-ation. 
 
58 ANALYSIS OF Tttfe 
 
 SECTION XL 
 
 Classification of Suffixes. 
 
 The Suffixes of our language are, to a great extent, 
 grouped together in classes of similar formations. All 
 Words, however, do not embrace the whole family, as given 
 below ; but such as are taken, are members of it. 
 
 A few exercises, under each of the following examples in 
 carrying out the subjoined words, will aid scholars in the 
 general formation of derivatives. 
 
 Fid takes some, or all of those Suffixes following it, as 
 shown by No. 1; and the same is true of other classes. 
 
 1 . Ful-fully-f ulness-less-lessly-lessness. 
 
 2. ish-ishly-ishness. 11. ize-ized-ization. 
 
 3. ic-ical-ically. 12. ate-ated-ating-ation. 
 
 4. able-ably-ableness. 13. ed-edly-edness. 
 
 5. ible-ibleness-ibility. 14. fy-fied-fying-fication. 
 
 6. ous-ously-ousness. 15. ion-al-ality. 
 
 7. ive-ively-iveness. 16. ory-orily. 
 
 8. ence-ent-ently. 17. some-somely. 
 
 9. ed-er-ing. 18. ist-ism. 
 
 10. ment-al-ary. 19. en-ened-ening. 
 
 EXAMPLES. 
 
 1. Hope-ful-fully-f ulness-less-lessly-lessness. 
 
 Faith, Health, Art, Care, &c., are formed like Hope. 
 
 2. Child-ish-ishly-ishness. 
 
 Fool, Slave, Brute, Clown, &c., are formed like 
 Child. 
 
 3. Method-ic-ical-ically. 
 
 Poet, Angel, Alphabet &c. the same as Method 
 
 4. Change-able-ably-ableness-ability. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 5 
 
 Accept, Commute, Corrupt &c. same as Change. 
 
 5. Kesist-ible-ibly-ibility. 
 
 Compress, Defense, contract &c. same as Resist. 
 
 6. Danger-ous-ously-ousness. 
 
 Glory, Slander, Ruin &c. same as Danger. 
 
 7. Attract-ive-ively-iveness. 
 
 Diffuse, Oppress, Coerce &c. same as Attract. 
 
 8. Depend-ence-ent-ently. 
 
 Indulge, Confide, Differ Src. sa.me as Depend. 
 
 9. Muffle-ed-er-ing. 
 
 Ramble, Swindle, Grumble &c. same as Muffle. 
 
 10. Aliment-al-ary. 
 
 Element, Supplement &c. same as Aliment. 
 
 11. Real-ize-ized-izing-ization. 
 
 Civil, Human, Moral &c. same as Real. 
 
 12. Obligate-ed-ing-ion. 
 
 Indicate, Accelerate &c. same as Obligate. 
 
 13. Confuse-ed-edly. 
 
 Conceit, Content, Refine &c. same as Confuse. 
 
 14. Clarify-ed-ing-cation. 
 
 Gratify, Modify, Sanctify &c. same as Clarify. 
 }5. Nation-al-ality. 
 
 Constitution-al-ality. 
 
 16. Contradict-ory-orily. 
 
 Compel, Derogate &c. same as Contradict. 
 
 17. Trouble-some-somely-someness. 
 
 Delight, Loathe, Toil &c. same as Trouble. 
 
 18. Method-ist-ism. 
 
 Federal, Formal, Roman &c. same as Method. 
 
 19. Sharp-en-ened-ening. 
 
 Sweet, Soft, Hard, Quick &c. same as Sharp. 
 
60 ANALYS1SOFTHE 
 
 SECTION XII. 
 
 Special Rules for the Prefixes, which must "be distinctly 
 understood, both by the Teacher and the Student. 
 
 MANY words, so far as respects the English language, 
 are primitives ; yet in that language from which they are 
 derived, they are either compound, or derivative words. 
 Such, especially, are words of Greek and Latin origin. 
 For example, Abscond, so far as our language alone is 
 concerned, is a primitive word, because we have no such 
 English word as scond. But in the Latin, from which it 
 is derived, the word is a compound, from the preposition 
 abs, con and do. Also Advert, in English, is primitive, but 
 in Latin, from which it is derived, it is compounded of ad^ 
 meaning to, and Verto, to turn. Hence Advert signifies 
 to turn to. Suppose the word to stand thus : a-re-Ad,vert. 
 Now take away ad, and substitute a, which is another Latin 
 preposition, and it becomes J.,vert, and literally means to 
 turn away. Again drop a, and substitute re in its place, 
 and it becomes -Re,vert, signifying to turn back, Hence it 
 must not be forgotten by the student, that in all cases, when 
 one prefix is to be dropped and another substituted in its 
 place, the primitive words will be printed thus : Con,vert, 
 Ac,cord, Exclude, De,flect; and that part of the word 
 which precedes the comma must be dropped, when another 
 prefix is to be used. 
 
 EXAMPLE. 
 AT-DIS-DE-RE-PRO. CoN,TRACT, TO DRAW TOGETHER. 
 
 Now drop con, and substitute pro, and it becomes- Pro- 
 tract, to draw out. Again drpp pro, and substitute re, and 
 it forms jRetract, to draw back. In the same manner, de 
 
ENGLISH LANG IT AGE. 61 
 
 forms .Detract, to draw away from. Also, dis makes De- 
 tract, to draw apart, or separate ; and at forms J^tract, to 
 draw to, or unite. 
 
 When no part of the primitive word is separated by a 
 comma, the combination is simply to drop one prefix, and 
 join another. 
 
 SECTION XIII. 
 
 Manner of Defining. 
 
 WE will now endeavor to explain, in a familiar way, the 
 manner of defining words by their prefixes and suffixes. 
 And it is simply to speak out the primitive signification in 
 connection with the separate import of such prefixes and 
 suffixes as constitute the whole word. Take flame, which 
 is the primitive, and means fire. Now in, as a prefix, makes 
 /aflame, and increases the import of the primitive word, 
 and literally means to put fire in, or to set on fire. Again, 
 Inflammable able, means capable of, or capable of being ; 
 hence join capable of being, to the meaning of in and 
 flame, and the whole spoken out is, capable of being set on 
 fire. Now let it stand Inflammability, ability means the 
 quality capable of being. This expression being joined in 
 like manner to what Inflame means, will be Iraflamma- 
 bility, the quality capable of being set on fire. Next add 
 the second prefix and let it be uninflammable, and speak 
 out the meaning of un with what Inflammable means, and 
 the whole expression will be, Uninflammable, not capable 
 of being set on fire. Again, take Uninflammableness ; 
 ableness means the property capable of being. Now pro- 
 6 
 
62 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 nounce the whole import, and Uninn&mmableness literally 
 signifies, the property not capable of being set on fire. 
 Take Delude, signifying to deceive, and it forms, 
 
 Deluder, the person who deceives. 
 
 Delusion, the act of deceiving. 
 
 Delusive, tending to deceive. 
 
 Redeem signifies to ransom, ir means not, and able, 
 capable of being. Then Irredeemable means not capable 
 of being ransomed. 
 
 Join is a primitive word, and signifies to unite. Let it 
 stand thus with its prefixes : 
 ad-con-re-un-dis-sub-mis-se-inter-Join. 
 
 ad means to ; con, with, together with ; re, again ; un, 
 not ; dis, parting ; mis, wrong ; se, separation ; sub, under ; 
 inter, between. Then, Adjoin, is joining to. Conjunction, 
 is the act of joining with. Reconjunction, the act of joining 
 with again. Unconjoined, not joined with or together. Re- 
 joined, was joined again. Unjoined, was not joined. Dis- 
 join, parting what was joined. Subjoin, to join under. 
 Misjoin, to join wrong. Sejoined, separated. Interjoin- 
 ing, continuing to join between. 
 
 'Hope implies expectation, then Hope/?/Z, full of expecta- 
 tion. Hopeless, without hope or expectation. 
 
 The primitive word must in all_ cases be learned ; then 
 speak out this primitive signification in connection with 
 what all its component parts mean, and you have the pre- 
 cise analytic import of the entire word. A little care- 
 ful exercise will render it perfectly familiar, and give the 
 student an entire and ready command of language, and 
 an instantaneous mental perception of the true import of 
 words, written or spoken. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 63 
 
 SECTION XIV. 
 
 Different import of certain prefixes. 
 
 Most of the prefixes are uniform in their distinctive 
 character of import, while a few are used in two or more 
 senses, widely different ; such are im, in, it, ir, &c. 
 
 These prefixes, more generally, when united to verbs, 
 increase or strengthen the original meaning of the primitive 
 words; as Im press, In fold, 11 luminate, Irradiate. In 
 each case additional force is given .to press, fold, luminate 
 and radiate, by prefixing im, in, il and ir. But when the 
 same prefixes are united to adjectives, and occasionally to 
 some other parts of speech, they entirely reverse or change 
 the primitive signification, as Im possible, In sensible, Il- 
 legible, Ir rational. The words now mean the same as 
 not possible, not sensible, not legible, and not rational. 
 
 As this work is specially designed to aid English schol- 
 ars who have no knowledge of the classics, and consequent- 
 ly could not trace out very remote derivations, it was 
 thought advisable, for their benefit, to accomodate the ar- 
 rangement in this respect, to their understandings, by giving 
 those words whose signification is greatly expanded, under 
 different heads, or repeating -the root, in connection with 
 such prefixes, as in each case would best correspond with 
 the several primitive meanings. 
 
 For example : An,nounce signifies to publish or declare 
 to, and in natural connection is pi'ouoimce. But Re,nounce, 
 means to disown, or reject, and in accordance with this, is 
 denounce; yet both words have the same root. Also 
 instruct, to teach, construe, to translate, structure, a build- 
 ing, obstruct, to block up, and destroy, to pull down, are 
 
64 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 from the same root, struo, to build. All these words have 
 corresponding prefixes, and when relatively arranged, the 
 whole becomes perfectly intelligible to the English scholar. 
 The scholar must remember that some of the prefixes, 
 and especially un, rarely combine with the primitive word 
 till it has assumed some of its derivative forms ; as Faith 
 cannot be zmfaith, but unfaithful. 
 
 A little observation will afford the best guide on this 
 point. Re and un are prefixed to adjectives and participles 
 almost at pleasure ; and are not always inserted in this work 
 where they might be used with propriety. 
 
 It is now thought the Prefixes have been explained so 
 clearly, that no scholar, who wishes to understand and 
 apply them correctly, need mistake, although he may not be 
 under the care of any teacher. 
 
 Scholars will derive much benefit in defining words by 
 understanding the parts of speech. These may generally 
 be known by the termination or suffix, thus : 
 
 Verbs are indicated by fy, ize. 
 
 Verbs, participles or adjectives by ate, ed, en. 
 
 Participles, adjectives or nouns by ing. 
 
 Nouns or adjectives by ant, ent, ory, er. 
 
 Nouns by ableness, ibleness, ability, ibility, ance, ancy, 
 ence, ency, ion, ity, ism, age, dom, hood, ric, ship, cy, i.st, 
 ics, ment, ure, ness. 
 
 Adjectives by able, ible, ac, al, ful, ic, ive, ish, ile, less, 
 lar, ous, fie. 
 
 Adverbs by ably, ibly, antly, ently, ately, ally, fully, 
 ively, ingly, edly, ishly, lessly, ously, somely, urely, orily. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 65 
 
 SECTION XV. 
 
 An Exercise in Combining Prefixes. 
 
 Directions. When no separation of any part of the word 
 to be defined is made by a comma, each prefix, one by one, 
 is to be joined to the entire word ; and when such word has 
 been defined by one prefix, drop that and take another ; 
 thus, 
 
 mal-mis. Formation, the act of forming. 
 
 JkZwformation, a wrong formation, 
 information, a bad formation. 
 
 Let the pupil read the following words with their several 
 definitions, then join the several prefixes, and give the 
 import, as thus modified. 
 
 mis re. Apply, To lay on ; to fit ; to be busy, 
 
 mis re. Alledge, To declare, affirm, or assert, 
 
 dis re. Appear, To come in sight ; obvious to the mind, 
 
 mis re. Call, To name or summon, 
 
 octa hexa. Chord, String of a musical instrument, 
 in over. Elegant, Polished ; polite ; refined, 
 
 pre re. Engage, To promise to do. 
 
 co un. Equal, Of similar dimensions, 
 
 bene male. Factor, A doer of something ; an agent, 
 il over. Liberal, Of a free heart ; generous, 
 
 im over. Modest; Sense of propriety ; not bold, 
 ante post. Position, A place or situation, 
 over re. Supply, To furnish what is wanted* 
 
 dis re. Unite, To join or put together, 
 
 en un. Sure, Certain, firm, infallible, 
 
66 ANALYSISOFTHE 
 
 SECTION XVI. 
 
 THE following explanation of the arrangement in subse- 
 quent sections, indicating derivative formations by prefixes 
 and suffixes, should be made perfectly familiar. 
 
 1. The prefixes are placed in the margin, or in a line from 
 
 the margin on the left of the words with which they 
 are to combine ; thus, 
 
 re- Appear, to come in sight, or be visible ; or thus, 
 com-de-ex-im-op-Position, place or station. 
 
 2. After the definition is given, the word is commonly 
 
 repeated with some, or all of its suffixes, separated 
 from each other by hyphens ; thus, 
 re-Appear, to come in sight, or be visible. 
 Appear-ed-ing-ance. 
 
 3. After the last suffix following the word, is a period, 
 
 showing the end of the foregoing formations ; then 
 follows the word again, (if necessary to be repeated,) 
 with its prefix italicised, and its suffixes subjoined as 
 above; thus, 
 re-Appear, to be in sight, cf-c. 
 
 Appear-ed-ing-ance. reappear-ed-ing-ance. 
 
 4. When the word is not repeated, the prefix is italicised 
 
 and followed by a caret. If a period follow the caret, 
 thus, re A . the caret shows the place of the word to 
 which the prefix is to be added, and the period shows 
 that no suffix is to be used ; thus, 
 re-Appear-ed-ing-ance. re A . meaning, reappear. 
 
 5. A suffix after the caret; thus, re A ed, denotes the forma- 
 
 tion to be reappeared. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 67 
 
 6. If a period follow the caret, and a hyphen follow the 
 period, thus, re A .-ed, it shows the first formation to be 
 reappear ; and the second^ reappeared. 
 
 Examples, illustrating the combinations indicated by the several 
 characters used in this work. 
 
 ARRANGEMENT AND CHARACTERS. 
 
 1. re. Appear-ed-ance. 
 
 2. re. Appear-ed-ance. re A . 
 
 3. re. Appear-ed-ance. re A ed. 
 
 4. re. Appear-ed-ance. re A ed-ance. 
 
 5. re. Appear-ed-ance. re A .-ed. 
 
 6. re. Appear-ed-ance. re A .-ed-ance. 
 
 COMBINED THUS : 
 
 1. Appear, appeared, appearance. 
 .Reappear, reappeared, reappearance. 
 
 2. Appear, appeared, appearance, reappear. 
 
 3. Appear, appeared, appearance, reappeared. 
 
 4. Appear, appeared, appearance, reappeared, reappearance, 
 
 5. Appear, appeared, appearance, reappear, reappeared. 
 
 6. Appear, appeared, appearance, reappear, reappeared, 
 reappearance. 
 
 ante-post-mis-re-Date-ed. re A . mis A . post A . ante A . 
 COMBINED. 
 
 Date, dated, redate, misdate, postdate, antedate. 
 Compress, The act of pressing together.-ed-ing-ion. 
 
 Implies, Compress-ec! -ing-ion. 
 
 A correct understanding of what is indicated by re A . and 
 re A .-ed is indispensably necessary. 
 
 With the above word, re A . denotes reappear; and 
 re A .-ed, reappear, reappeared. 
 
 >* 0* THF *^ 
 
68 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XVII. 
 
 An exercise in forming derivations without defining, 
 un. Blind, Destitute of the sense of seeing. 
 
 COMPONENT PAETS. 
 
 Blind-ed-ing-ly-ness. un ed. 
 
 COMBINED. 
 
 Blinded, Blindmo-, Blincl^, Bl'md?iess. 
 
 Unhliuded. 
 un. Bless, To express a desire to make happy. 
 
 Bless-ed-edly-edness. un,, ed. 
 
 Blessed, Blessedly, Blessedness, Unblessed- 
 un. Class, An order, or rank of persons ; a number of 
 
 students; a scientific division. 
 
 Class-ic-ical-ify-ified^-ification. un A ed-ical. 
 
 Classic, Classical, Classify, Classified, Classification. 
 
 Unclassed, Unclassical. (^See Rule 9.) 
 un. Doubt, To waver in opinion ; to hesitate. 
 
 Doubt-ed-ful-fully-fullness-less. un^ ed-edly. 
 
 Doubted, Doubtful, Doubtfully, Doubtfulness. 
 
 Undoubted, Undoubtedly, Undoubting. 
 in. Fail, To become deficient; to decay; to desert. 
 
 Fail-ed-ing-ure, un A ing. 
 
 Failed, Failing, Failure, Unfailing. 
 un. Faith, Belief ; trust ; assent of the mind. 
 
 Faith-ful-fully-fulness-less. un A ful-fulness. 
 
 Faithful, Faithfully, Faithfulness, Unfaithful. 
 re. Fund, Stock or capital ; increase ; money, 
 
 Fund-ed-less. re A ed-ing. 
 
 Funded, Fundte, Refunded, Refunding. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 69 
 
 SECTION XVIII. 
 
 Form, but not define; such formations as are not carried out on this 
 page, the scholar must supply. 
 
 un. Harm, To damage or injure, Damage. 
 
 Harm-ful-fully-less-lessly-lessness. zm A ed. 
 
 Harm/kZ, Harm/kZZy, HarmZm, Unharmed. 
 un. Health, That state in which, all parts of a living body 
 
 Health-y-ily-iness-less-ful-fully-fulness. [are sound. 
 &?z A y-ily-iness-ful-fully-fulness. 
 
 Healthy, Healthily,^ Healthiness, Unhealthy, 
 un, Heed, To mind; to regard with care. 
 
 Heed-ed-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly. zm A ed-ing. 
 
 Heeded, Heedful, Heedless, Unheeded, Unheeding. 
 un. Learn, To gain knowledge ; to acquire skill. 
 
 Learn-ed-er-ing-edly. un A ed-edly. 
 
 Learned, Learner, Learnm^, Unlearned. 
 un. Need, Want ; necessity for something. 
 
 Need-y-ily-less-lessly-ful-fully. un A ed-ful. 
 
 Needy, Needilyj* Needless, Unneeded, Unneedful. 
 un. Pain, Any uneasy sensation ; disquietude. 
 
 Pain-ful-fully-fulness-ed. un A ed-ful. 
 
 Pain/^Z, Painfully, Unpaired, Unp&mful. 
 un. Skill, Familiar knowledge of any Art or Science, 
 united with dexterity in its application. 
 
 Sldll-ful-fully-fulness. un A ed-ful-fully. 
 
 Skill>Z, Skil\fulness, Unskilled, Unskillful. 
 un. Scorn, Extreme contempt ; to despise. 
 
 Scorn-ed-er-ful-fully-fulness-ing. un A ed. 
 
 Scorned, Scorner, Scornm^, Unscomed. 
 
 * See Rule 3. 
 
70 AN A LYSIS OF THE 
 
 SPECIAL DIRECTION. 
 
 In some few instances, the first hyphen cuts off certain letters which 
 are essential to the formation of a legitimate word ; thus, Digni-ty. 
 Legi-ble. Palp-able. 
 
 This division is made simply for convenience in forming other 
 derivatives. By preserving such letters only as undergo no change in 
 the radical part, other suffixes can he added in the uniform manner. 
 
 Hence, it must be distinctly recollected, that when a word is so 
 divided by a hyphen, as to be incomplete without adding that part so 
 cut off, the first letter of such part, is a small capital ; thus, Digni-Ty ; 
 Legi-sle ; Palp-Able ; showing that, xy, file, and Able, must, in 
 each case, be added to the radical part to form a legitimate word ; 
 thus,Digni-TY-fy-fied-fication; forming Dignity, Dignify, Dignified, &c. 
 
 SECTION XIX. 
 
 Forming Derivatives and defining them. 
 
 EXAMPLE. 
 
 un. Alarm, To arouse by fear ; an out-cry. 
 
 COMPONENT PARTS. 
 
 Alarm-ed-ing-ingly-ist. un A ed. 
 
 COMBINED AND DEFINED. 
 
 Alarmed, Avas alarmed, or aroused. 
 AlarrmV^, causing alarm. 
 A]armingly t in an alarming manner. 
 Unclaimed, was not alarmed. 
 un. Blame, To censure ; to find fault with. 
 
 Blame^-ed-er-ful-less lessly-able. un A ed. 
 Blamed, did blame or was blamed. 
 Blamer, one who blames, or finds fault. 
 Blame/wZ, full of blame ; faulty. 
 
 *See Rule 1st. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 71 
 
 Blamete, without blame or fault. 
 
 Blamelessfy, in a blameless manner. 
 
 ~B\a.melessness, the state of being blameless. 
 
 Blam#3Ze, that may be blamed. 
 in. Dignity, True honor, nobleness ; rank. 
 
 Digni-xy-fy-fied^-fication. in^ty. unjied. 
 
 Dignify, to make honorable ; to honor, 
 
 Dignified, was made honorable. 
 
 Dignification, the act of making honorable. 
 
 Indignity, treating with dishonor. 
 
 Undignified, was not dignified, 
 im. Method, A suitable arrangement ; order. 
 
 Method-ic-ical-ist-ism. i?n A co.l- 
 
 Methodic, pertaining to method. 
 
 Method^coZ, pertaining to method. 
 
 Method^w, the doctrines of Methodists. 
 
 Method^, a professor of Methodism. 
 
 Immethodical, not having method* 
 in. Opulent, Wealthy, rich. 
 
 Opul-Ent-ence. in A ent- 
 
 Opulence, wealth, riches. 
 Inopulent, not wealthy ; not rich, 
 in. Approach, To draw near ; to advance. 
 
 Approach-ed-ing-able- z'^ A able. un A ed- 
 
 Approached, did approach, or draw near. 
 
 Approachmg-, continuing to draw near, 
 that may be approached. 
 , that may not be approached. 
 
 U^approachec?, was not approached. 
 
 * See Rule 10. 
 
72 ANALYS1SOFTHE 
 
 SECTION XX. 
 
 il Legal, According to law ; lawful. 
 
 Legal-ly-ity-ize-ized-izing. ttjty. 
 
 Legally, in a legal manner ; lawfully. 
 
 "Legality, lawfulness ; state of being lawful. 
 * Legalize, to make lawful. 
 
 Legalized, was made lawful. 
 
 Legalizing, making lawful. 
 
 IZlegal, not lawful. 
 
 Illegality, unlawfulness, 
 il. Legible, That may or can be read. 
 
 Legi-Ble-bly-bility. a7 A ble-bly. 
 
 Legibly, in a legible manner. 
 
 'Legibility ', The state or quality of being- legible. 
 
 Illegible, not legible ; that cannot be read. 
 
 Illegibility, the quality of being z'Zlegible. 
 im. Palpable, Perceptible by the touch. 
 
 Palp-Ably-ability-ableness. im A ably. 
 
 Palpa^Zy, in a manner perceptible by touch. 
 
 Palpability, the quality of being perceptible. 
 
 Impalpably, not to be perceived by touch. 
 un. .Real, Actual existence ; true, genuine. 
 
 Real-ity-ize-ized-ization. unjzed- 
 
 Reality, the state of being real. 
 
 Realize, to make real, or effective. 
 
 Realized, was made real. 
 
 Realization, the act of making real. 
 
 Unrealized, was not realized, 
 un. Subdue, To conquer by force ; to overcome. 
 
 Subdue-ed-ing. un A ed- 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 73 
 
 SECTION XXI. 
 
 PRESS A primitive word ; signifies to press or 
 
 urge by weight. From Premo, 
 pressum, to press. 
 
 Press er the person who presses. 
 
 Press ure the result of pressing. 
 
 Press ed did press or was pressed. 
 
 Press ing continuing to press. 
 
 Press ion the act of pressing. 
 
 Press ing ly in a pressing manner. 
 Over press to press too much. 
 
 Counterpress ure opposite pressure. 
 Com press to press together. 
 
 Com press ed was pressed together. 
 
 Com press ion the act of pressing together. 
 
 Com press ing continuing to press together. 
 
 Com press ible capable of being pressed together. 
 
 Com press ure the result of being pressed together. 
 
 Com press ibil ity the quality capable of being pressed 
 
 together, or the capacity. 
 
 Com press ible ness the property or quality capable of be- 
 ing pressed together. 
 
 Un com press ed was not pressed together. 
 Un com press ible not capable of being pressed together. 
 In com press ibil ity the quality not capable of being press- 
 ed together. 
 
 Re press to press again, put down, or subdue. 
 
 Re press ed was pressed again, or, &c. 
 
 Re press ion the act of pressing again, &c. 
 
 Re press ive tending to press again, &c. 
 
 Re press ing continuing to press again, &c. 
 
/4 ANALYSISOFTHE 
 
 Re press er the person who presses again, &c. 
 
 Re press ive ly in a repressive manner. 
 
 Ir re press ible not capable of being pressed again, &c. 
 
 De press to press down, or bear down. 
 
 De press ed- 7 was pressed down. 
 
 De press ion the act of pressing down. 
 
 De press or the person who presses down. 
 
 De press ible capable of being pressed down. 
 
 De press ing continuing to press down. 
 
 Ex press to press out, or utter by words. 
 
 Ex press ed was uttered by words, or, &c. 
 
 Ex press ion the act of uttering by words, &c. 
 
 Ex press ible capable of being uttered by words. 
 
 Ex press ive tending to utter by words, &c. 
 
 Ex press ing continuing to utter by words, &c. 
 
 Ex press ly in an express manner. 
 
 Ex press ive ly in an expressive manner. 
 
 Ex press ive ness the property or quality capable of be- 
 ing uttered in words. 
 
 In ex press ible not capable of being uttered by words. 
 
 In ex press ive not tending to utter by words, &c. 
 
 In ex press ibly in an inexpressible manner. 
 
 In ex press ibility the quality not capable of being ut- 
 tered by words. 
 
 Un ex press ed was not uttered by words. 
 
 Un ex press ible not capable of being uttered by words. 
 
 Tin ex press ive not tending to express by words. 
 
 Im press to press in, or imprint. 
 
 Im press ed was pressed in, &c. 
 
 Im press ion the act of pressing in. 
 
 Im press ing continuing to press in, &c. 
 
 Im press ive tending to press in. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 75 
 
 Im press ure the result of pressing in. 
 
 Im press ible capable of being pressed in. 
 
 Im press ment the act of pressing in. 
 
 Im press ive ly in an impressive manner. 
 
 Im press ive ness the property capable of being pressed 
 in, or capacity, &c. 
 
 Im press ibil ity the quality capable of being pressed in, 
 
 He im press to press in again, &c. 
 
 Re im press ed was pressed in again. 
 
 Re im press ion the act of pressing in again-, 
 
 Re im press ing continuing to press in again, 
 
 Un im press ive not tending to press in. 
 
 Op press to press against, to bear down. 
 
 Op press ed was pressed against, or, &c. 
 
 Op press ion the act of pressing against, &C-. 
 
 Op press or the person who presses against, &c. 
 
 Op press ing continuing to press against, &c. 
 
 Op press ive tending to press against, &c. 
 
 Op press ive ly in an oppressive manner. 
 
 Op press ive ness the quality of pressing against, &c. 
 
 In op press ive not tending to press against, &c. 
 
 Sup press to press under or to bring under. 
 
 Sup press ed was pressed under, &c. 
 
 Sup press ion the act of pressing under. 
 
 Sup press or the person who presses under. 
 
 Sup press ing continuing to press under. 
 
 Sup press ive tending to press under. 
 
 In sup press ion not pressing under. 
 
 In sup press ible not capable of being pressed under, 
 
 Un sup press ed was not pressed under. 
 
76 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XXII. 
 
 Form and Define the Derivative Words. 
 
 EXAMPLE. 
 
 un. Mild, Soft, gentle, moderate, calm. 
 
 Mild-ly-ness. zm A .-ness. 
 
 Mild, soft, gentle, calm. 
 
 MildZ?/, in a mild manner. 
 
 Mildness, the quality of being mild. 
 
 tfomild, not mild. 
 
 Urimildness, the qualify of being unmild, 
 tfn. Bleach, To whiten or make white. 
 
 Bleach-ed-er-ing. nn A ed. 
 tin. Blush, To redden in the cheeks. 
 
 Blush-ed-ing. zmjng. 
 un. Blend, To mix, or mingle together. 
 
 Blend-ed-er-ing. un^ed. 
 wn, Bail, To set free from arrest ; to dip out water, 
 
 Bail-ed-er-able. un^ed. 
 un. Blight, To blast ; a disease of plants, 
 
 Blight-ed-ing. un A ed. 
 un. Clasp, To close in the hand. 
 
 Clasp*ed-er-ing. ?^?^ A ed. 
 un. Coil, To gather in a circle, as a rope, 
 
 Coil-ed-ing. un^-ed. 
 un. Curb, To restrain ; the fence of a well. 
 
 Curb-ed-ing. zm A .ed. 
 sub. Chant, To sing; to celebrate in song. 
 
 Chant-ed-er-ing. sub^er. 
 un. Furl, To draw up, or contract ; as sails. 
 
 Furl-ed-er-ing. ^^ A .-ed-ing. 
 
 un, Foil, To frustrate ; to defeat ; to render vain, 
 Foil-ed-er-ing. un^A. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 77 
 
 out. Frown, To knit the brow ; to repel by a stern look. 
 
 Frown-ed-ing-ingly. out^ 
 un. Grunt, To allow ; to yield ; to give ; to concede. 
 
 Grant-ed-ing-or. un & ed* 
 un. Greet, To salute ; to address with kind wishes, 
 
 Greet-ed-ing. un^ed. 
 mis. Lead, To guide by the hand ; to induce. 
 
 Lead-er-ing. mis^-ing. 
 re. Loan, The act of lending ; that which is lent. 
 
 Loan-ed-ing, re A .-ed-ing. 
 un. Maim, To disable ; to injure ; to make a cripple. 
 
 Maim-ed-ing, un A ed. 
 un. Quench, To extinguish ; to put out. 
 
 Quench-ed-ing. zm A able-ably. 
 un. Quell, To subdue ; to quiet or restore peace. 
 
 Quell-ed-er-ing. un^ed. 
 un. Screen, To shelter; to sift or riddle; a riddle. 
 
 Screen-ed-ing. un^ed. 
 un. Shield. To cover ; to secure ; defensive armor. 
 
 Shield-ed-ing. un^ed. 
 un. Shrink, To shrivel ; to draw back ; to recoil. 
 
 Shrink-ing. unjng. 
 mis. Spend, To layout; to dispose of, or waste. 
 
 Spend-ing. missing. 
 un. Saint, A holy person ; a Christian. 
 
 Saint-ly-like-ship. 
 un. Smooth, Glossy; having an even surface. 
 
 Smooth-ly-ness-ed-er. un^ 
 un. Spoil, To ruin; to corrupt; to plunder. 
 
 Spoil-ed-er-ing. un^d. 
 
 un. Stain, To discolor ; to blot or spot ; to make foul. 
 Stain-ed-ing-less. zm A ed. 
 
78 ANALYSIS OF TH 
 
 SECTION XXIII 
 
 See Rules 1st and 2nd for final e. 
 
 EXAMPLE, 
 
 un. Safe, Secure from danger. 
 Safe-ly-ty. un^Ay. 
 Safe, secure from danger. 
 Safe/y, in a safe manner. 
 Safety, in a state, secure from danger. 
 Unsafe, not safe. 
 Unsafely, in an unsafe manner. 
 un, Bribe, To offer a reward to pervert judgment, 
 
 Brib-ed-er. un A ed. 
 tin. Fade, To lose color ; to decay ; to vanish. 
 
 Fade-ed-ing. zm A ed-ing. 
 Tin. Prune, To trim ; to lop off useless branches. 
 
 Prune-ed-er-ing. un^ed. 
 im. Pure, Genuine ; free from mixture. 
 
 Pure-ly*ness-ity. m A .-ity. 
 mis. Rate, To tax. A tax or price fixed. 
 
 Rat-ed-able. misled.. 
 un. Tame, To make gentle ; to domesticate. 
 
 Tame-ed-ing-able-ableness. un^ed. 
 un. Trade, To barter ; to buy and sell. 
 
 Trade-ed-er-ing. unjng. 
 un. Urge, To press ; to press by motives ; to importune. 
 
 Urge-ed-ing-ent-ently-ency. un A ed. 
 Crime, An offense ; a violation of law. 
 Criminal, partaking of crime. 
 Crime-ful-less-inal-inally-inality. 
 Crude, Raw ; in a natural state ; rough. 
 Crude-ly-ness-ity. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 79 
 
 un. Fruit, Productions of the earth ; as grain, &c. 
 
 Fruit-ful-fully -fulness-less. unjul. 
 un. Fright, Sudden fear or alarm. 
 
 Fright-ful-fully-fulness-less. untried. 
 re. New, Lately made ; recent; not old, 
 
 .Renew, To make new or improve. 
 
 New-ly-ness-ish. re A .-ed-ing*-al. 
 un. Thought, An idea formed in the mind. 
 
 Thought-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly. 
 un. Till, To cultivate the ground. 
 
 Till-ed-ing-able. w?z A ed. 
 un. Tax, To assess a tax ; to charge. A rate. 
 
 Tax-ed-er-ing-able-ation. un^ed. 
 over. Whelm, To cover with water; to overburden. 
 
 Whelm-ed-ing. 0z;er A .-ed-ing. 
 un. Wrap, To wind or fold together ; to mvolve. 
 
 Wrap-ped-per-ping. Rule 6. 
 be. Wail, To lament ; to express sorrow audibly. 
 
 Wail-ed-ing. .Zfewail, to bemoan. -ed-ing. 
 un. Chaste, Pure ; uncorrupted. See Rule 1st. 
 
 Chaste-ly-ity. un^. injty. 
 un. Curve, To bend in a circular form. Rule 1. 
 
 Curve-ed-ing-ity-ature. un^ed. 
 in. Cure, To heal as a disease. 
 
 Cure-ed-able. m A able-ability. un A ed. 
 over. Drive, To impel ; to urge forward by force. 
 
 Drive-ing-er. over^. un^en. 
 be. Guile, Craft; cunning; artifice. 
 
 Beguile, to impose on by artifice. 
 Guile-ful-fully-fulness-less. e A .-ed. 
 
 Grieve, To mourn ; to give pain of mind to. 
 Grieve-ed-ing-ingly-ous-ously-ousness. 
 
80 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XXIV. 
 
 un. Accost, To address ; to speak to, face to face. 
 Accost-ed-ing-able. un A Qd. 
 Accosted, did address, or was addressed. 
 Accostmg', continuing to address. 
 AccostaJZe, that may be addressed. 
 Un&ccosted, was not addressed, 
 un. Affirm, To assert positively ; to declare. 
 Affirm-ed-ing-ance-ation-ative. un^ed. 
 un. Arrest, To take a person with a warrant ; to stop. 
 
 Arrest-ed-ing-ment. un A ed. 
 un. Complain, To murmur, or find fault. 
 
 Complain-ed-ing-ant. unjng. 
 dis. Content, To satisfy; quiet; easy; satisfied. 
 
 Content-ed-edly-edness-ment. disced. 
 un. Defend, To vindicate ; to drive "back ; to repel. 
 
 Defend-ed-er-ing-ant. un A ed. 
 un. Delight, A high degree of pleasure ; to please. 
 
 Delight-ful-fully-fulness-some-someness. 
 pre- Design, To plan; to project; to delineate a figure. 
 
 Design-ed-ing-less. pre A .-ed-ing. 
 un. Exert, To put forth power of body or mind, 
 
 Exert-ed-ing-ion. un A ed. 
 un. Instruct, To teach ; to impart knowledge. 
 
 Instruct-ed-ing-or-ion-ive. un A ed. 
 un. Impeach, To accuse or censure. 
 
 Impeach-ed-ing-ment. z^ A ed-able. 
 un. Molest, To trouble, or disturb. 
 
 Molest-ed-er-ing-ation. un A ed. 
 self. Neglect, To omit by carelessness, or design. 
 Neglect-ed-ful-fully-ing. self^ 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 81 
 
 un. Adapt, To make suitable to the use. Apto, to fit. 
 
 Adapt ed-edness-ation. un^ed. 
 un. Addict, To apply one's self habitually to. 
 
 Addict-ed-ing. un^ed. Dico, to dedicate, 
 un. Arraign, To call to the bar as a prisoner. 
 
 Arraign-ed-ing. un^ed' 
 un. Assail, To attack ; to fall upon by violence. 
 
 Assail-ed-ing. un^d. Salio, to leap, 
 un. Blemish, To injure; a mark of deformity. 
 
 Blemish-ed-ing-less. un A ed. 
 un. Cancel, To blot out, cross out or annul. 
 
 Cancel-ed-lation. Cancello^ to cut cross-wise, 
 un. Counsel, To give advice ; To recommend. 
 
 Counsel-ed-ing-or-orship. un^ed. 
 mis. Demean, To behave, either well or ill. 
 
 Demean-ed-ing. misled. 
 un. Except, To leave out ; to exclude ; to object to. 
 
 Except-ed-ing-ion-ionable. Capio, to take, 
 un. Expand, to enlarge ; to spread. 
 
 Expand-ed. Expan-sion-sive-sibility. 
 un. Extol, To praise ; to eulogize ; to raise in words, 
 
 Extol-led-ling. Eule 6. Tollo, to lift up. 
 un. Hallow, To make holy ; to consecrate. 
 
 Hallow-ed-ing. u?i A ed. 
 un. Tarnish, To sully; to soil; to become dulL 
 
 Tarnish-ed-ing. un A <ed. 
 in. Valid, Having sufficient strength or power. 
 
 Invalidate, to weaken, or make weaker. 
 
 Valid-ly-ity. m A .-hy-ate-ating. 
 un. Vital, Pertaining to life. Vita, life. 
 
 Vitalize, to give life. 
 
 Vital-ly-ity-ize-ization. 
 
82 AN A LYSIS OF THE 
 
 all. Abhor, To hate extremely ; to loathe or detest* 
 
 Abhor-red-rence-rent. alljed. Rule 6. 
 anti. Asthma, Difficulty of breathing. 
 
 Asthma-tic, antijic. Appendix, No. 5, Rule 8. 
 ant. Arctic, Northern constellation, called the bear. 
 
 Antarctic, opposite to the Arctic. 
 un. Benign or Benignant, Kind disposition ; favorable* 
 
 Benig-Nant-nantly-nity. unj\. 
 over. Clamor, A great outcry or noise. 
 
 Ckmor-ous-ously-ousness. over^ous. 
 un. Canvass, To examine returns of votes ; to debate. 
 
 Canvass-ed-er-ing. un A ed. 
 over. Captious, Disposed to find fault ; apt to cavil. 
 
 Captious-ly-ness> over A . Capio, to take, 
 un. Comfort, Ease ; relief from pain ; rest. 
 
 Comfort-less-ably-ableness. zm A able. 
 un. Contemn. To despise or reject with disdain. 
 
 Con tern n-ed-ing. zm A ed. Temno, to despise, 
 un. Discard, To dismiss, cast off or reject. 
 
 Discard-ed-ing. un A e&. 
 un, Distrain, To seize or take for debt. 
 
 Distrain-ed-or-ing. Stringo, to touch lightly. 
 un. Endow, To furnish with money or goods ; to enrich ; 
 
 Endow-ed-ment. zm A ed. [to settle on. 
 
 un. Escort, To guard on a journey. An escort to guard. 
 
 Escort-ed-ing. un A ed. 
 un. Exempt, To free from ; or to be free from. 
 
 Exempt-ed-ing-ion. un A ed. Emo, to buy. 
 un. Expect, To wait for ; to look for either good or evil. 
 
 Expect-ant-ancy-ation. z^ A ed. Specio, to see. 
 re. Echo, To resound ; or reflected sound. 
 
 Echo-ed-ing. re A .ed. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 83 
 
 un. Forbear, To abstain from ; to delay or cease. 
 
 Forbear-ance-ing. unjng. 
 un. Forfeit, To lose by some fault, offense or crime. 
 
 Forfeit-ed-ing-ure. zm A ed. 
 ef. Florid, Abounding with flowers ; flusbed with red. 
 
 Florid-ity-ly-ness. Flos, a flower. 
 un. Genteel, Polite, well bred ; easy in manner. 
 
 Genteel-ly-ness. un A .-ly. 
 un. Hazard, To expose to chance or peril. Chance. 
 
 Hazard-ed-er-ing-ous-ously-able. zm A ed. 
 dis. Honest, Just; fair in dealing; frank; sincere. 
 
 Honest-ly. dis Ay. Honor, honor, 
 un. Harbor, To shelter ; a port for a ship ; a place of safety. 
 
 Harbor-ed-er-ing-less. im A ed. 
 un. Infest, To trouble greatly ; to disturb, or harass. 
 
 Infest-ed-er-ing. zm A ed. 
 un. Insult, To abuse ; abuse ; insolence. Salio, to leap. 
 
 Insult-ed-er-ing, un^ed. 
 un. Invent, To find out something new; to contrive. 
 
 Invent-ed-or-ion-ive. Venio, to come, 
 over. Jealous, Fearing rivalship. 
 
 Jealous-ly-ness. over^. un^ 
 un. Lament, To mourn, grieve or bewail ; to regret. 
 
 Lament-ed-iag-able-ably-ation. zm A ed. 
 self. Murder, To kill a human being unlawfully. 
 
 Murder-er-ess-ed-ing-ous-ously. self^. 
 re." Murmur, To complain; to grumble ; a low sound. 
 
 Murmur-ed-er-ing, wft A ed-ing. 
 re- Model, To shape ; a pattern of something to be made. 
 
 Model-ed-er-ing. re A ed-ing, Modus, a measure, 
 un. Perform, To accomplish ; to do ; to fulfill. 
 
 Perform-ed-er-ing-ance. zm A ed. 
 
84 ANALYS1SOFTHE 
 
 SECTION XXV. 
 
 un. Abash, To confuse ; to make ashamed. 
 
 Abash-ed-ing-ment. un^ed. 
 un. Appall, To depress with fear; dismayed. 
 
 Appall-ed-ing-ment. un A ed.. 
 un. Condemn, To pronounce guilty or wrong. 
 
 Condemn-ed-ation-atory-able. un A e&. 
 un. Candid, Open ; frank ; impartial ; free from bias. 
 
 Candid-ly-ness. un^. Candeo to be white. 
 un. Despair, Without hope ; a hopeless state. 
 
 Despair-ing-ingly. un A 'mg. de, without, spes, hope, 
 in. Desert, To forsake, or deserving good or evil. 
 
 Desert-ed-ing-ion. zm A ed. 
 
 in. Decent, Becoming in words, behavior, or dress. 
 Decent-ly-ness. in^Ay. Decet, it becomes. 
 dis. Embroil, To involve in troubles ; to perplex. 
 
 Embroil-ed-ing. disced. 
 im. Partial, Biased ; showing favor without a reason. 
 
 Partial-ly-ity. m A .-ly-ity. 
 im. Precise, Exact ; nice ; formal. 
 
 Precise-ly-ness-ion. i?n A \on. un & . 
 un. Renown, To make famous. Fame, celebrity. 
 
 Renown-ed-edly-edness- un A e&. 
 un. Request, To petition. An expression of desire. 
 
 Request-ed-ing. un A ed. Quaero, to ask. 
 un. Supplant, To undermine by stratagem. 
 
 Supplant-ed-er-ing-ation. un^ed. 
 un. Tenable, That may be held or maintained. 
 
 Ten-Able-ability-ableness. w?z A able. 
 in. Tranquil, Calm ; peaceful. 
 Tranquil-ly-ity. m A ity. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 mis. Avouch, To declare ; to witness to. 
 
 Avouch-ed-er-ing. mis^. 
 un. Bewitch, To fascinate ; to charm. 
 
 Bewitch-ed-er-ing-ment. un A Q&. 
 dis. Entomb, To deposk in a tomb. 
 
 Entomb-ed-ing. un A ed. dis A . 
 un. Ferment, To heat or work ; to set in motion, 
 
 Ferment-ed-ation-able. zm A ed, 
 pre. Omen, A sign or indication oL 
 
 Omen-ous-ously. pre A . 
 un. Eelent, To soften in temper. 
 
 Relent-ed-ing. w^ A ing. 
 un. Refract, To break the course in rays of light. 
 
 Refract-ed-ion-ive, zm A ed. Fractus, broken, 
 un. .Resent, To take ill : to be offended. 
 
 Kesent-ed-ing-ment. 
 un. Reveal, To disclose, or make known. 
 
 Reveal-ed-ing-able. Revalation. 
 un. Sustain To bear, uphold or support. 
 
 Sustained-er-ing-able. linked. 
 un. Sophist, A false reasoner. Sophia, wisdom. 
 
 Sophisticate, to use Sophistry. 
 
 Sophist-ical-icate-ication. zw&Jcal. 
 e. Special, Particular. Especial, very particular. 
 
 Speeial-ly. e A .-ly. 
 un. System, An assemblage of principles, or things. 
 
 Systematize, to reduce to system. 
 
 System-atic-atical-atize-atized. &TZ A atic. 
 in. Timid, Fearful. Intimidate, to make afraid. 
 
 Timid-ly-ity-ness. tn A ate-ated-ation. 
 all. Triumph, To obtain a victory. 
 
 Triumph-ed-ing-ant-antly. ZZ A mg. 
 8 
 
ot> A N A L Y S I S O F T K E 
 
 un. Answer, To speak in return ; to reply. 
 
 Answer-ed-ing-able. ?,m A ed-able-ably. 
 super. Angel, A spirit; a celestial being. 
 
 Angcl-ic-ical-ically. super^ic. 
 in. Differ, To disagree ; to be unlike. 
 
 Differ-ent-ently-enee. m A ent-ently. 
 en. Danger, Peril, risk ; exposure to injury. 
 
 Endanger, To expose to injury. 
 
 Danger-ous-ously-ousness. ew A .-ed-ing- 
 ian. Drama, A composition representing a picture of 
 human life. 
 
 Drama-tic-tist. unjic. 
 unv Emblem, Representation by similar qualities. 
 
 Emblem -atic-atical-atically. z^ A atie. 
 un. Harass, To tease ; to perplex ; to molest ,*: to weary.. 
 
 Harass-ed-ing. &% A ed. 
 dis. Honor, To revere;, esteem due to worth ; dignity. 
 
 Honor-ed-ing-able-a;bly. ^'v-able-ably- 
 im. Moral, Relating to virtuous conduct- 
 
 Moralize, To make moral- 
 
 Moral-ize-ized-ization- im^ 
 un. Profit, Gain or advantage ; to improve. 
 
 Profit^less-able-ably-ableness. 2m A able, 
 co. Partner, One who shares with another. 
 
 Partnership. co A .-ship. 
 im. Peril, Danger; risk; hazard; jeopardy. 
 
 Peril-ous-ously-ousness. 
 un. Question, To interrogate ; the subject of dispute- 
 
 Question-ed-er^ing-able. w A ed-able. 
 un. Symbol, A sign of any mqral thing by images. 
 
 Symbolize, To represent by symbols, 
 
 Symbol-ic-ically-ke-ized-izing. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 87 
 
 post Nuptial, Pertaining to marriage. 
 
 .Postnuptial, after marriage. Nubo, to marry, 
 un. Pardon, To forgive an offense ; to remit a penalty. 
 
 Pardon-ed-ing-able. w?t A ed-able-ably. 
 im. Pious, Godly ; religious ; respect for parents. 
 
 Pious-ly. m A .-ly. Pietas, piety, 
 im. Proper, Fit ; -particularly suited to ; just. 
 
 Proper-ly. im A .-\y. Prope.near. 
 un. Punish, To affect with pain ; to chastise. 
 
 Punish-ed-er-ing-able. sm A ed. 
 *in. Pension, Annual allowance of money by Government. 
 
 Pension-er-ary, One who receives a pension, 
 ante. Penult, or penultimate, The last syllable of a word 
 except one. 
 
 Penult-imate. antej.ma.te. Ultimus, last, 
 antu Poison, To infect with poison; a substance which, 
 taken into the stomach, destroys life ; infectious, 
 
 Poison-ed-ing-ous-ously-able. anti A . 
 'com. Pupil, A scholar; the apple of the eye. 
 
 Pupil-age-ary. corapupil, a fellow pupil, 
 un. Ransack, To search thoroughly ; to pillage, 
 
 Ransack-ed-ing. zm A ed. 
 co. Regent, One ruling or governing. 
 
 Reg-Ent-ency-entship. CO A . Rex, a king, 
 un. Regret, To grieve ; grief; sorrow of mind. 
 
 Regret-ted-ting-ful. united.. Rule 6. 
 *m. Repeat, To do again ; to utter again. 
 
 Repeat-ed-ing. &^ A ed. Peto, to ask or seek, 
 arch. Rebel, To revolt from Gov. One who revolts. 
 
 Rebel-led-lion-lious. arch^ Bellum, war. 
 <un. Righteous, Just according to the Divine law, 
 
 Righ-teous-ly-ness, w^. A .-ly-ness. 
 
ANALYSIS 7 THE 
 
 SECTION XXVI. 
 
 See Rules 1st and 2nd for this and the five next pages, 
 mn. Dilate, To expand ; to enlarge : to widen. 
 
 Dilate-ed-ing-ion. un A ed. 
 
 Dilated, was expanded. 
 
 iftlating, continuing to expand. 
 
 Dilution, the act of expanding. 
 
 Undiluted, was not expanded, 
 nn. Attire, To dress; ornamental clothes. 
 
 Attire-ed-ing. un A ed, 
 mn. Corrode, To rust ; to eat away by degrees. 
 
 Corrode-ed-i'ng-ible-ibility. un' A ed. 
 Tin. Deserve, To merit; to be worthy of good or evil 
 
 Deserve-ed-edly-ing-ingly. nn A ed-edly. 
 un. Defense, Any thing that secures protection. 
 
 Defense-ive-ively-less-lessness- unlive. 
 un. Desire, To wish for the possession of. 
 
 Desire-ed-rng-ous-ously-able. &% A ed-abIe* 
 in. Docile, Teachable ; ready to leara. 
 
 Docile-ity. w^.-ity. 
 nn. Expense, Cost ; charge ; price, &c. 
 
 Expense-ful-fully-fulness-ive-ively. un A ive. 
 un. Endure, To last ; to undergo. Durus, hard. 
 
 Endure-ed-ing-ance. un A ir\g. 
 en. Feeble, Weak ; infirm. .Enfeeble, to make feeble. 
 
 Feeble-ness. eft A .-ed-ing. 
 an. Humble, To abase. Meek, lowly. 
 
 Humble-ed-ing-ness. mi^ed. 
 cnv Rapture, Transport of joy. Enrapture, to give j,oy to, 
 
 Rapture-ous-ously. e^ A .-ed-ing. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 89 
 
 un. Achieve, To perform, execute, finish or gain. 
 
 Achieve-ed-ment-ance-able. w?t A ed-able. 
 in. Coerce, To restrain by force ; to compel. 
 
 Coerce-ed-ion-ible-ive, injble. 
 UR. Confine, To limit or bound ; a border or edge. 
 
 Confine-ed-ing-ment. &ft A ed-able. Finis, end, 
 mn. Contrite, Broken-hearted for sin ; penitent. 
 
 Contrite-ly-ness-ion. Tritum, to rub. 
 pre. Decease, To die ; departure from this life. 
 
 Decease-ed. preyed. Cedo, to yield, 
 un. Explore, To search for, or view with care. 
 
 Explore-ed-er-ing-ation. zm A ed-able. 
 un. Invite, To ask ; to request ; to allure. 
 
 Invite-ed-ing-ingly-ation. w^ A ed. 
 un. Licence, To grant or give permission ; leave. 
 
 Licence-ed-ing. zm A ed> 
 im. Passive, Suffering, not acting ; not opposing. 
 
 Passive-ly-ness-ity. im A . Patior, to suffer, 
 de. Picture, A painting ; a likeness drawn in colors. 
 
 Depict, To form a likeness. Depict-ed-ing. 
 un. Profane, To pollute ; irreverence to sacred things. 
 
 Profane-ed-ing-ity-ation-ly. Fanum y a temple, 
 un. Repine, To murmur ; to feel discontent. 
 
 Repine-ed-ing-ingly. zm A ing-ingly. 
 un. Rebuke, To chide, reprove, or punish. 
 
 Rebuke-ed-ing-ful-able. zm A ed-able. 
 un. Restore, To give back, or replace ; to heal. 
 
 Restore-ed-ing-able-ation-ative. un^ed. 
 un, Vitiate, To injure the substance of any thing; to 
 
 make impure, Vitiate-ed. un^fr. 
 in. Urbane, Civil ; courteous in manners. 
 
 Urbane-ity. injity. Urbs, a city. 
 8* 
 
90 ANALYSISOFTHS 
 
 tin. Amuse, To entertain the mind agreeably. 
 
 Amuse-ed-ing-ment-ive. ?^ A ed. 
 nn. Allure, To entice, decoy or tempt. 
 
 Allure-ed-er-ing-ment. w^ A ed. 
 tin. Abridge, To make shorter; to lessen. Brevis, short, 
 
 Abridge-ed-ing-ment. zm A ed. 
 un. Appease, To make quiet ; to calm or pacify, 
 
 Appease-ed-ing-able. z^ A ed. Pax, peace. 
 tin. Apprise, To give notice to; to inform, 
 
 Apprise-ed-er. zm A .ed. 
 tin. Censure, To blame ; the act of blaming. 
 
 Censure-ed-able-ableness. zm A ed-able. 
 un. Despise, To scorn ; to have the lowest opinion o 
 
 Despise-ed-ing-able-ableness. zm A ed. 
 un. Divulge, To make public ; to disclose or tell. 
 
 Divulge-cd-ing-er. z^ A ed. 
 un. Deprave, To make bad; to corrupt; to impair. 
 
 Deprave-ed-ing-ity-ation. un A ed. 
 un. Divorce, To dissolve the marriage covenant. 
 
 Divorce-ed-er-ing-ment. un^ed. 
 un. Elate, To raise, as the mind or spirits ; to puff up, 
 
 Elate-ed -ing-ion, un & ed. 
 un. Injure* To hurt or wound. Injury, damage. 
 
 Injure-ed-er-ing-y-ious-iously. un A ed. .Rule 3. 
 un. Imbibe, To drink in ; to absorb. Bibo, to drink. 
 
 Imbibe-ed-ing. &rc A ed. 
 un. Torture, To inflict pain on body or mind. 
 
 Torture-ed-er-ing. un^ed. 
 un. Trouble, To agitate or disturb. Affliction. 
 
 Trouble-ed-some-somely-someness. 
 un. Virtue, Moral goodness or excellence. 
 
 Virtue-ous-ously-less-al-ally. im A ous. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 91 
 
 mis. Behave, To conduct well or ill ; to act- 
 
 Behavior, manner of behaving. 
 
 Behave-ed-ior. ?rzzs A -ed-ior. 
 un. Chastise, To punish ; to correct. Castigo, to beat- 
 
 Chastise-ed-able-ment. un A ed. 
 in. Commute, To exchange one thing for another. 
 
 Commute-ed-ation-ative-able-ability. m A able-ably- 
 
 ability. un A ed. Muto, to change, 
 un. Comprise, To contain or include. 
 
 Comprise-ed-ing-al. un^ed. 
 en. Circle, A curve line bending round till both ends meet. 
 
 Encircle, To inclose in a circle. e^ A ed-ing. 
 re. Double, To fold; twice the sum ; twice as much. 
 
 Double-ed-ness. re A .-ed-ing. Duo, two. 
 un. Dilute, To make thin or weak; to render more liquid. 
 
 Dilute-ed -ing-ion. z^ A ed. 
 dis. Entrance, To put in a trance ; to enrapture. 
 
 Entrance-ed-ing. fe A .-ed-ing. 
 un. Expunge, To blot out as with a pen ; to erase.* 
 
 Expunge-ed-ing. un^ed. Pungo, to prick, 
 un. Enhance, To increase, raise or aggravate. 
 
 Enhance-ed-ing-ment zm A ed. 
 un. Excise, An inland duty on goods. 
 
 Excise-man. An excise officer, 
 un. Exile, To banish ; one sent into banishment. 
 
 Exile-ed-ing-ment. zm A ed. 
 un. Infringe, To break, as a contract ; to transgress. 
 
 Infringe-ed-ing-ment. zm A ed. Frango, to break, 
 self. Indulge, To permit to be ; to suffer ; not to check. 
 
 Indulge-ed-ent-ently-ence. self^ence. [nounced. 
 Lecture, To discourse ; a discourse read or pro- 
 
 Lecture-ed-er-ing-ship. Lego, to read or choose, 
 
y* ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 inter. Meddle, To have to do with ; to handle or touch, 
 
 Meddle-er-some-someness. inter A .-ed-ing. 
 un. Muffle, To cover from the weather; to blindfold. 
 
 Muffle-ed-er-ing. un A ed. [remark 
 
 un. Notice, To observe; observation by the senses; a 
 
 Notice-ed-ing-able. ?^ A ed. Nosco, to know, 
 un. Nurture, To nourish ; to bring up or educate, 
 
 Nurture-ed-ing. z^ A ed. Nutrio, to nurse, 
 un. Pollute, To defile ; to profane or violate. 
 
 Pollute-ed-ing-ion. ?m A ed. Polluo, to pollute, 
 un. Provoke, To make angry ; to offend. Foco, to call. 
 
 Provoke-ed-ing-able. un A ed-ing. 
 un. Refute, To disprove by argument. Refuto. 
 
 Refute-ed-ing-al-ation-able. zm A ed. 
 un. Reprieve, To respite after sentence of death. 
 
 Reprieve-ed-ing. w?i A ed-able, 
 un. Revile, To reproach with opprobrious language. 
 
 Revile-ed-er-ing. 2m A ed. 
 tin. Ifescue, To deliver or save from, as danger. 
 
 Rescue-ed-er-ing. un A ed. 
 un. Reserve, To keep in store ; to hold back in the mind. 
 
 Reserve-ed-edly*edness-ation. un A ed- 
 un. Relieve, To free from, or remove in part. 
 
 Relieve-ed-ing-able. zm A ed-able. 
 in. Sincere, Real; unfeigned-ly-ness-ity. wejty. 
 un. Succinct, Brief ; short or compressed. 
 
 Succinct-ly-ness. Cinctus, a girdle. 
 over. Sedate, Settled, composed, calm. 
 
 Sedate-ly-ness-ive. over A . 
 un. Surprise, To come, or fall upon suddenly. 
 
 Surprise-ed-ing-ingly-al ?^ A ed, 
 Tragedy, A dramatic poem. Trag-ic-ical-ically. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 93 
 
 un. Expose, To lay open ; to make liable ; to offer. 
 
 Expose-ed-ure-ition-able. un^ed. 
 un. Erase. To rub or scrape out, as letters. 
 
 Erase-ed-ure-ion-ment, Eado, to scrape, 
 un. Enlarge, To make greater ; to extend. 
 
 Enlarge-ed-ing-ment. 2m A ed. 
 vn. Obscure, To darken ; not intelligent. 
 
 Obscure-ed-ity-ation. un^ed. 
 dis. Oblige, To constrain to do ; to do a favor to. 
 
 Oblige-ed-ing-ation-atory. disced. 
 im. Provide, To procure beforehand ; to foresee, 
 
 Provide-ed-ent-ence. ^??2 A ent. zm A ed, 
 un. Prepare, To fit, adapt or make ready. 
 
 Prepare* ed-ing-ation-ative. un A ed. 
 ir. Ketrieve, To recover again ; to repair. 
 
 Retrieve-ed-able. ^r A able-ably. un & ed. 
 ir. Revere, To regard with fear, mingled with respect, 
 
 Re vere-ed-ende-ential . zr A ent-ence . 
 un. Salute, To greet with kind wishes ; to hail. 
 
 Salute-ed-ation-atory. un^ed. 
 dis. Concert, To contrive, arrange or adjust. 
 
 Disconcert, To frustrate, or derange. 
 
 Concert-ed-ing. disced. 
 re. Splendor, Great brightness. Splendid, showy. 
 
 Resplendent, Very bright ; brilliant. 
 
 Splend-or-id-idly. re A ent-ently-ency, 
 un. Season, To give relish to ; part of the year. 
 
 Seasonal, timely, or in time. 
 
 Season-able-ably-ableness. z^able. 
 un. Spirit, The soul; breath, air, &c. 
 
 Spiritualize, to make or become spiritual. 
 
 Spirit-ual-ually-uality-ualize-ualization, 
 
94 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XXVII. 
 
 Pay particular attention to the 2nd exception under 
 Eule 3rd, as applied to the following words, 
 un. Annoy, To molest, disturb, or incommode. 
 
 Annoy-ed-er-ing-ance. un A ed. 
 dis. Array, To deck or dress ; the order of troops. 
 
 Array-ed-ing. dis^.-ed-mg. zm A ed- 
 un. Betray, To deliver up by treachery ; to mislead. 
 
 Betray-ed-er-ing-al. un^d. 
 un. Convey, To carry or transport ; to transfer, 
 
 Convey-ed-er-ing-ance-ancer-able. 
 un. Defray, To pay expenses ; to discharge. 
 
 Defray-ed-ing-er. un A ed. 
 un. Delay, To linger, stay or postpone. 
 
 Delay-ed-ing-er. un^ed-ing. 
 un. Essay, To try or attempt. A trial. 
 
 Essay-ed-ing-er. zm A ed. 
 mis. Employ, To occupy the time. 
 
 Employ-ed-er-ing-ment. mis^-ed-ing. 
 un. Money, Coin ; stamped metal, as silver. 
 
 Money-less-bag-box, un^ed. 
 dis. Obey, To comply with ; to yield to. 
 
 Obey-ed-ing. fe A .-ed-ing. un^d. 
 un. Portray, To paint or draw a likeness of. 
 
 Portray-ed-ing-er. un^ed. 
 re, Survey, To take a view of; to measure. 
 
 Survey-ed-or-ing, re A ,-ed. z^ A ed. 
 un, Waylay, To watch with evil intent. 
 
 Waylay-ed-ing. &^ A ed, 
 $in. Dismay, To deprive of firmness of mind. 
 
 Dismay-ed-ing. un^ed. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 95 
 
 SECTION XXVIII. 
 
 all. Abandon, To desert ; to forsake utterly. 
 
 Abandon-ed-ing-ment. aZZ A ed. 
 un. Abolish, To make void; to destroy. 
 
 Abolish-ed-ing-ment. w^ A ed. 
 
 Aboli-Tion-tionist. Aboleo, to abolish. 
 un. Ambition, A desire to excel. 
 
 Amb-itious-itiously. zm A itious. 
 un. Benefit, To profit. An act of kindness. 
 
 Bene-Fitrfited-ficial. WTi A fited. 
 un. Condition, The particular state of a thing. 
 
 Condition-al-ally-ali ty . un A al, 
 un. Demolish, To destroy; to lay in ruins. 
 
 Demolish-ed-er-ing. zm A ed. 
 
 Endeavor, To attempt ; to try to do. 
 
 Endeavor-ed-ing. 
 un. Execute, To perform ; to effect or do something. 
 
 Execu-Tion-tive-tor-trix. united. 
 ab. Origin, The beginning of any thing : source. 
 
 Originate, To bring into existence. 
 
 Origin-al-ally-ality-ate-ated-ation. 
 un. Kelinquish, To withdraw from ; to quit. 
 
 Kelinquish-ed-ing-ment. un A ed. 
 un. Sanction, To ratify or confirm. 
 
 Sanction-ed-er-ing. un^ed. 
 
 un. Supersede, To make void by superior power ; to 
 come in the room of another. 
 
 Supersede-ed-ure. Sedeo, to sit. 
 Timorous, Fearful of danger ; timid. 
 
 Timorous-ly-ness. Timor, fear, 
 over. Tedious, Tiresome; fatiguing; tardy. ly-ness. 
 
96 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 un. Accomplish, To complete, or finish ; to gain, 
 
 Accomplish-ed-ing-ment. zm A ed. Pleo, to fill, 
 un. Counterfeit, To forge or imitate ; to dissemble. 
 
 Counterfeit-ed-er-ing. w^ A ed. 
 un. Comely, Becoming ; graceful ; handsome. 
 
 Comely-ness. z^ A .-ness. Rule 3. 
 un. Decipher, To explain ; to unravel ; to unfold. 
 
 Decipher-ed-er-able. zm A ed. 
 un. Diploma, A writing giving authority, or honor. 
 
 Diplomacy, the customs of embassadors. 
 
 Diploma-cy-tic. unjic. Appendix, No, 5, Rule 8. 
 over. Difficult, Hard to be made, or done. 
 
 Difficult-y. over A . Dis, not, Facilis, easy. 
 un. Elicit, To draw out, or bring to light ; to deduce. 
 
 Elicit-ed-ing-ation. zm A ed. 
 un. Encounter, To meet face to face ; a fight. 
 
 Encounter-ed-ing. un A ed. 
 un. Embellish, To adorn, beautify or decorate. 
 
 Embellish-ed-ing-ment. un A ed. 
 un. Embroider, To adorn with needlework. 
 
 Embroider-ed-er-ing. zm A ed. 
 un. Entertain, To receive and treat with hospitality. 
 
 Entertain-ed-ing-ment. un A ed. 
 anti. Fanatic, Wild and extravagant in opinions. 
 
 Fanatic-al-ally-ism. anti^. Fanum a temple. 
 mis. Interpret, To explain words as to the sense. 
 
 Interpret-ed-er-ing-ation. mis^.-ed. 
 un. Interrupt, To hinder by breaking in upon ; to impede 
 
 motion. Ru?npo, to break. 
 
 Interrupt-ed-ing-ion. zm A ed. 
 un. Intercept, To seize on by the way, or to stop. 
 
 Intercept-ed-ing-ion. zm A ed. Capio, to take. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 97 
 
 SECTION XXIX. 
 
 re. Assemble, To collect in numbers. 
 
 Assemble-ed-ing. re A .-ed. un^ed. 
 dis. Advantage, Benefit ; promotion of interest. 
 
 Advantage-ously. <#& A ous-ously-ousness. (Excep- 
 
 ception under Rule 1.) 
 in. Audible, That may be heard. Audio, to hear, 
 
 Aud-ible-ibly-ience-itory. m A ible-ibly. 
 un. Analyze, To resolve a body into its elements. 
 
 Analyze-ed-er-ing-ation. un^d. 
 un. Beguile, To delude ; to deceive by craft. 
 
 Beguile-ed-er-ing-ment. un^ed. 
 in. Credulous, Apt to believe without evidence. 
 
 Credul-ous-ously-ity. m A ous-ously-ity. 
 un. Betoken, To indicate ; to show by signs. 
 
 Betoken-ed-ing. un^ed. 
 un. Discipline, Education; correction; government 
 
 Discipline-ary-arian-able. un^ed. 
 un. Dissemble, To disguise ; to deceive. 
 
 Dissemble-ed-er. Dis, not, similis, like, 
 in. Evident, Plain ; clear ; obvious ; manifest. 
 
 Evid-Ent-ence-ential-entially. m A ent. 
 un. Institute, To appoint ; to establish ; to enact. 
 
 Institute-ed-ion-ional. un^ed. 
 un. Persecute, To pursue to injure ; to harass. 
 
 Persecute-ed-or-ion. Seqiwr, to follow, 
 im. Placable, That may be appeased. Placo. 
 
 Plac-Able-ability. m A able-ability-ably. 
 ir. Resolute, Firm; Bold.-ly-ion. ir A .-ly-ion. 
 un. Ridicule, To mock or laugh at in contempt. 
 
 Ridicule-ed-ous-ously-ousness. un A ed. 
 
98 ANALYSISOFTHE 
 
 un. Analogy, A likeness to, in some respects. 
 
 Anal-ogy-ogous-ogical. un A ogous. 
 un. Distinguish, To discern a difference. 
 
 Distinguish-ed-able-er. zm A able. 
 un. Interest, To concern or affect. A concern. 
 
 Interest-ed-ing. w^ A ed-ing. 
 
 im. Manacle, A handcuff. Immanacle, to put on hand- 
 cuffs; to enslave, 
 un. Patriot, A lover of his country, 
 
 Patriot-ic-ism. unjc. 
 ! un. Petition, To make a request ; to ask from. 
 
 Petition-ed-er-ing. un^ed. Peto, to ask, 
 im. Penitent, One who repents of his sins. 
 
 Penit-Ent-ence-ency, m A ent-ence. 
 un. Popular, Pertaining to the common people ; beloved 
 
 by the people.-ity. 
 im. Polity, The form of civil government. 
 
 Poli-Ty-cy-tic-tical. im^tic. Polls > a city, 
 im. Probity, Tried virtue; integrity. 
 
 Improbity, want of integrity. 
 ir. .Regular, Uniformly the same. Rego, to rule. 
 
 Regular-ly-ity. V A .-ity. 
 un. Repugnant, Opposed; contrary to. 
 
 Repug-Nant-nance. Pugno, to fight, 
 un. Extinguish, To put out, quench or destroy. 
 
 Extinguish-ed-er-ing-able. w^ A ed-able. 
 un. Important, Of great consequence ; weighty. 
 
 Important-ly. all s . un^ 
 in. Feasible, That may be done ; practicable. 
 
 Feas-ible-ibility. mobility, 
 un. Solicit, To ask for, to seek by petition. 
 
 Solicit-ed-or-ous-ously-ude-ation. w?i A ed-ous. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 99 
 
 
 
 dis. Continue, To remain in any place ; to extend. Con- 
 tinual and continuous, mean continuing. 
 Continue-ed-ous-ously-il-ally-ance-ation. disced- 
 
 ance-ation. Teneo, to hold. 
 Tenacious, Adhesive; holding fast. Tewo^ to hold.,, 
 
 Tenacious-ly-ness. Tenacity, 
 un. Eepresent, To show, exhibit or describe. 
 Represent-ed-ing-ation-ative. misled. 
 un. Discomfit, To rout, defeat or scatter in flight. 
 
 Discomfit-ed-ing-ure. un^ed.. 
 un. Domestic, Belonging to the house; tame. 
 Domesticate, to make tame. 
 Domestic-ate-ated-ation- zm A ated. 
 un. Ornament, To adorn ; that which adorns. 
 
 Ornament-ed-ing-al zm A ed-al. 
 im, Plausible, That may be applauded. Plaudo. 
 
 Plaus-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness. im.flAe. 
 im. Parallel, Running in accordance with ; or lying side 
 
 by side, as lines, 
 anti. Puritan, A dissenter from the Church of England. 
 
 Puritan-ic-ical-ism. anti^. 
 im. Pregnable, That may be taken by force. 
 
 Impregnable, That cannot be taken, 
 ua. Reprimand, To reprove severely. A reproof. 
 
 Reprimand-ed-ing. un^ed. 
 un. Replenish, To fill ; to furnish ; to complete. 
 
 Replenish-ed-ing. un^ed. Plenus, full. 
 Irrigate, To water; to moisten.-ed-ing-ion. 
 Romantic, Pertaining to romance ; wild, fancifu 
 
 Romantic-al-ally-ness. 
 
 Sedition, Rebellion against law or government. 
 Sedit-ion-ionary-ious-iously. 
 
100 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XXX. 
 
 un. Affable, Easy of conversation and manners, 
 
 Aff-Able-ably-ability-ableness. unable. 
 in. Congruous, Suitable; consistent; fit. 
 
 Congru-ous-ously-ity. m A ous-ity. 
 u#n. Contagious, Generating contagion ; catching. 
 
 Contag-ious-iously-iousness. wwco&Jous. 
 in. Contiguous, Touching; meeting; joining. 
 
 Contigu-ous-ously-ity. en A ous-ously. 
 in. Corrigible, That may be set right, or corrected. 
 
 Corrig-ible. m A ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness. 
 semi. Deist, One who denies Kevelation. 
 
 De-ist-istic-istical-ism. semi-isticol. 
 de. Predal, Pertaining to prey or plunder. 
 Depredate, to plunder or rob. 
 
 Pred-Al-acious-aciously. efe A ate-ation. 
 im. Probable, likely to be ; that may be- 
 
 Prob-Able-ably-ability. m A able- ability. 
 a.tfti. Paralysis, Palsy. Paralyze, to afflict with palsy. 
 
 Paraly-sis-tic-ze-zed. antijic. 
 un. Sagacious, Acuteness of discernment. 
 
 Saga-cious-ciously-city. wft A cious. 
 in, Scrutable, Discoverable by examination. 
 
 Scrut-Able. m A able-ably. Scrutor, to search, 
 in. Tangible, That may be touched. Tango, to touch. 
 
 Tang-ible-ibly-ibility-ent. Sw A ent. 
 
 7^ A ible-ib]y-ibility-ibleness. 
 e. Vacant, Empty ; void ; not filled. 
 
 Vacate, to make empty. Evacuate^ to leave. 
 Vac-Ant-ancy-ate-ated-atin^-ation. 
 
 e 4 uate-uated-uation. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 1Q1 
 
 in. Artificial, Made by art ; feigned. 
 
 Artificial-ly. m A .-ly. un^. 
 un. Assiduous, Diligent; persevering. 
 
 Assidu-ous-ously-ity. unions. 
 semi, Barbarian, A man in a savage state. 
 
 Barbarous^ cruel; inhuman; brutal. 
 
 Barbar-ous-ously-ity-ism. semi^ous. 
 in. Corporeal, or Corporeous, Having a body. 
 
 Corpo-neal-reous-really. mjeal. 
 mis. Conjecture, to surmise, or guess. 
 
 Conjecture-ed-al. mis,,. Jacio, to cast, 
 in. Discover. To find out ; to lay open to view. 
 
 Discover-ed-ing-able. m A able. zm A ed. 
 in. Ebriety, Drunkenness. Ebrietas. 
 
 Inebriate-ion, To make drunk, 
 in. Experience, To try by use ; a series of trials. 
 
 Experience-ed-ing. zm A ed. in^. 
 in, Felicity, Happiness. Felix, happy. 
 
 Felicitate, to wish joy to. 
 
 Felicit-ous-ously-ate-ation. m A ous. 
 in. Exorable, That may be moved by entreaty. 
 
 Exora-Ble-bly. m A ble-bly. Oro, to entreat, 
 in. Evitable, That may be shunned. 
 
 Evita-Ble. zXble-bly. Vito, to shun, 
 un. Invidious, Envious; malignant., 
 
 Invidious-ly-ness. un A . 
 un. Manufacture, To make by hand or art. 
 
 Manufacture-ed-ing-or. zm A ed. 
 non. Resemble, To bear the likeness of. 
 
 Resemble-ed-ance. non^nce. 
 in. Susceptible, Capable of something more. 
 
 Suscept-ible-ibility. mobility. 
 
102 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 in, Clement, Mild in disposition ; gentle, kind. 
 
 Clem-Ent-ently-ency. m A ent-ently-ency. 
 im. Patient, Enduring evils without murmuring. 
 
 Pati-Ent-ently-ence. m A ent-ently-ence. 
 im. Prudent, Careful of consequences; cautious, 
 
 Prud-Ent-ently-ence-ential-entially. 
 
 Jw A ent-ently-ence. 
 un. Pliant, That may be easily bent ; flexible. 
 
 PI i-Ant-able-abil ity-ableness. 
 in. Competent, Sufficient for ; adequate. 
 
 Compet-Ent-ence-ency. zVi A ent-ence. 
 im. Pertinent, Relating to the matter in hand, 
 
 Pertin-Ent-ence-ency. m A ent-ence. 
 im. Permanent, Remaining unchanged. 
 
 , Perman-Ent-ently-ence. 2??z A ent-ently. 
 un. Prominent, Standing out ; jutting. 
 
 Promin-Ent-ently-ence-ency. un A ent. 
 in. Nutriment, That which nourishes ; food. 
 
 N utri-Ment-mental-tion-tious-tive . 
 
 ltt A tious-tive-tion. 
 in. Expedient, Suitable for the purpose ; useful. 
 
 Expedi-Ent-ently-ence-ency . m A ent-ence . 
 Expedite, To hasten ; to quicken ; to dispatch, 
 
 Expedite-ed-ing-ion-ious-iously. 
 In. Experiment, A trial ; to make trial. 
 
 Experi-Ment-mental-mentally. 
 in. Deficient, Wanting in something ; not sufficient. 
 
 Defici-Ent-ently-ence-ency. indent. 
 Incipient, Beginning ; commencing. 
 
 Incipi-Ent-ently-ency. 
 Transparent, Admitting a passage for light, 
 
 Transpar-Ent-ency. semi^ut. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 103 
 
 SECTION XXXI. 
 
 Rule 1st with the 8th, and note under it, must be strictly observed in 
 forming words on this, and the next three pages, 
 un. Actuate, To incite or move ; to put in action. 
 
 Actuate-ed-ing. un^ed. Actum, done, 
 in. Accurate, In exact conformity to truth. 
 
 Accrate-ly-ness-cy. ^V^ A (Note to rule 8.) 
 un. Conjugate, To give the inflections of a verb. 
 
 Conjugate-ed-ing-ion. jungo, to join, 
 un. Consummate, To end, finish or complete. 
 
 Consummate-ed-ing-ion. un A e&. 
 un. Confiscate, To adjudge to be forfeited to the State 
 
 treasury. Fiscus,v. money-bag, 
 un. Dedicate, To set apart to a sacred use. 
 
 Dedicate-ed-ing-ion-ory. wrc A ed. 
 un. Emulate, To strive to equal or excel. 
 
 Emulate-ed-ing-or-ion. unjng. 
 Emanate, To issue from ; to flow from. 
 
 Emanate-ed-ing-ion. 
 re. Iterate, To repeat, or do a second time. 
 
 Iterate-ed-ion. w? A ed. Iterum, again, 
 un. Illustrate, To make clear; to explain. 
 
 lllustrate-ed-ing-ion-ive. un^ed. 
 re. Ingratiate, To commend one's self to another's good 
 
 will or kindness. -ed. re A .-ed. 
 pre. Intimate, To hint at. Familiar. 
 
 Intimate-ed-ion-ly-cy. prejon. 
 ex. Legislate, To enact laws. Lex, a law. 
 
 Legislate-ed-ion-or-ure-ive. e# A or. 
 re, Masticate, To chew or grind with the teeth. 
 
 Masticate-ed-ing-ion. re^ 
 
104 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Same directions as on the last page- 
 in. Adequate, Equal to ; fully sufficient. Aequus. 
 
 Adequately. ^ A .-cy. .(Note to Rule 8.) 
 in. Delicate, Nice; feeble; of a fine texture. 
 
 un. Dissipate, To scatter, or drive asunder. 
 
 Dissipate-ed-ing-ion. un A ed. 
 pre. Dominate*, To rule. Predominate, to rule over. 
 
 Dominate-ed. _pr? A .-ed-ing-ion. 
 un. Estimate. To value; to seta value on. 
 
 Estimate-ed-ing-ion. un^ed. in^ble. 
 un. Extirpate, To pluck up by the roots. 
 
 Extirpate-ed-ing-ion. un A ed. 
 un. Fabricate, To construct ; to manufacture. 
 
 Fabricate-ed-ing-or. un A ed. 
 un. Congratulate, To wish joy to another. 
 
 Congratulate-ed-ing-ion-ory. un A ed . 
 un. Insulate, To place in detached situations. 
 
 Insulate-ed-ing. un^ed. Insula> an island- 
 un. Initiate, To introduce ; to instruct in first principles. 
 
 Initiate-ed-ien-ory. un^ed. Eo, to go ; m t in. 
 im. Maculate, To spot or stain. Macula, a stain. 
 
 Maculate-ion. w A .-ion. 
 un. Mutilate, To cut or break off; to mar. 
 
 Mutilate-ed-ing-ion. Mutilo, to lop off. 
 in. Numerate, To number. Numero, to number. 
 
 Numer-Mff-ated-ation-able-ator. 
 
 m A able-ably. unin^ted. 
 ap. Proximate, Nearest ; Approximate, to come near. 
 
 Proximate-ion. #p A .-ed-ion. 
 un. Stipulate, To bargain, contract or settle. 
 
 Stipulate-ed-ing-ion-or. zm A ed, 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 105 
 
 un, Abbreviate, To shorten. Brevis, short. 
 
 Abbreviate-ed-ing-ion-or-ory. zm A ed. 
 un- Affiliate, to adopt as a son. Filius, a son. 
 
 Affiliate-ed-ion. zm A ed. 
 un. Ameliorate, To make better. Melior, better. 
 
 Ameliorate-ed-ing-ion. zm A ed. 
 
 re. Capitulate, To surrender an army; to repeat the 
 heads of a discourse. 
 
 Capitulate-ed. re A .-ed-ion. Caput, the head, 
 un. Expatriate, To banish ; to quit one's country. 
 
 Expatriate-ed-ion. Patria, a country. 
 Expostulate, To reason earnestly. 
 
 Expostulate-ed-ing-ion. Postulo, to ask. 
 un. Emancipate, To free from servitude. 
 
 Emancipate-ed-or-ion. w?z A ed. 
 un. Exaggerate, To enlarge on beyond truth. 
 
 Exaggerate-ed-ing-ion. zm A ed. 
 dis. Incarcerate, To put in prison. Career, a prison. 
 
 Incarcerate-ed-ion. disced. 
 un. Incorporate, To form into a legal body; to mix. 
 
 Incorporate-ed-ing-ion. Corpus, a body, 
 un. Incarnate, To be embodied in flesh. 
 
 Incarnate-ed-ion. Carnis, flesh, 
 il. Legitimate, Lawful; to make lawful. 
 
 Legitimate-ly-cy. z7 A .-cy. (Rule 8.) 
 com. Peregrinate, To travel from place to place. 
 
 Peregrinate-ed-ing-ion. ccwzjon. 
 un. Remunerate, To recompense or repay. 
 
 Remunerate-ed-ion. Munus, a gift, 
 un. Retaliate, To return like for like ; to repay by an act 
 of the same kind, 
 
 Retaliate-ed-ion-ory. Tails, such like. 
 
106 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 un. Adulterate, To pollute ; to debase by mixture, 
 
 Adulterate-ed-ing-ion. zm A ed. Adultero. 
 UR. Alleviate^ To make light ; to remove in part. 
 
 Alleviate-ed-ing-ion. un A ed. Levis, light. 
 un. Ambiguous, Doubtful ; having two or more meanings. 
 
 Ambig-uous-uously-uity. zm A uous. [am, round, 
 co. Belligerent, Gerens, Bellum, waging war. Ago, to go, 
 in. Commensurate, Reducible to the same measure. 
 
 Commen3rate-ion-bility-bleness, Rule 8. 
 un. Commisserate, To pity or feel sorrow for. 
 
 Commisserate-ed-ing-ion. zm A ed. Miscereor, to pity. 
 in. Combustion, A burning; a tumult or uproar. 
 
 Combust-ion-ible-ibleness. m A ible-ibility. 
 in. Compatible, Consistent; suitable; agreeable. 
 
 Compat-iUe-ibility. m A ible*ibly-ibility. 
 Contumacious, Stubbornness; obstinacy. 
 
 Contuma-cious-cy-ciousness. 
 Coagulate, To curdle ; to congeal. Coagulo. 
 
 Coagulate-ed-ion-ble-bility. Rule 8. 
 in. Discriminate, To distinguish the difference. 
 
 Discriminate-ed-ly-ion. e'^.-ly-ion. 
 Ejaculate, To throw out.-ed-ing-ion-ory. 
 un. Equivocate, To use words of a doubtful meaning. 
 
 Equiro-caite-cation-cal-cally. %?* A cal. 
 un. Exhilarate, To make merry; to enliven ; to cheer. 
 
 Exhilarate^d-ing-ion. un A ed. Hilaris, merry, 
 un. Perforate, To bore or make holes through. 
 
 Perforate-ed-ing-ion. w?i A ed. 
 un. Palliate, To coyer with excuse; to lessen. 
 
 Palliate-ed-ion-ive. Pattwn, a cloak, 
 un. Ruminate, To muse ; to meditate, 
 
 Ruminate-ed-ing-ion, w?z A ed. 
 
ENGLISH LANGWAGE. 107 
 
 SECTION XXXII. 
 
 Examine Rule 3rd with its first exception, and Rule 4th and 9th, 
 before forming the following words. 
 
 un. Deny, To contradict ; to refuse or disown. 
 
 Deny^-ed-ing-al-able. w?z A ed-able-ably. 
 nn. Envy, To repine at another's prosperity. 
 
 Envy^-ed-ing-ous-ously-able. zm A ed-ous. 
 un. Equity, Strict justice; right. 
 
 Equitable, according to equal rights. 
 
 Equit-Able-ably-ableness. zm A able. 
 in. Efficacy, Power to produce effects. 
 
 Effica-cy-cious-ciously. m A cious-ciously. 
 Gratuity, A free gift. Gratuit-ous-ously. 
 over. Industry, Habitual diligence. 
 
 Industry^-ous-ously. over^ous.- 
 Luxury, Undue indulgence of the appetite. 
 
 Luxury^-ous-ously-ousness. 
 un. Mercy, Favor ; kindness ; mildness, 
 
 Mercy^-ful-fully-fulness-less. unj\i\. 
 im- Melody, Agreeable succession of sounds. 
 
 Melody^-ous-ously. fw A ous. unions. 
 un. Pity, Sympathetic feelings ; tender feelings. 
 
 Pity^-ful-fully-less-able-ably-ableness. un^ed. 
 Pite-ous-ously. (See exception first, under Rule 3.) 
 un. Perfidy, Treacherous ; a violation of faith. 
 
 Perfidy^-ous-ously-ousness. un^ous. 
 ir. Remedy, That which cures a disease or counteracts 
 
 evil. Remedy^-less. Irremediable, 
 un. Symmetry, A due proportion of parts, 
 
 Symmetry^-cal-cally. ww A cal. 
 
 * y, is exchanged for i, and retained before the suffixes. 
 
108 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 See Rule 9th and its exception ; also Rule 4th. 
 
 Beautify, To make beautiful Beauti-Fy-fied-ful-less- 
 
 ous^-ously-ousness. 
 un. Clarify, To make clear. Clarus, clear. 
 
 Clarify-ed-ing-cation. w^ A ed. 
 un. Defy, To dare to combat ; to challenge, 
 
 Defy-ed-ing-er-ance. zm A ed. 
 un. Edify, To improve the mind in knowledge. 
 
 Edify-ed-ing-ingly cation. zm A ed. 
 un. Fortify, To strengthen, as by forts or otherwise. 
 
 Fortify-ed-ing-er-cation. zm A ed. 
 un. Mortify, To destroy vital functions ; to humble. 
 
 Mortify-ed-ing-cation. wra A ed. 
 un. Notify, To publish ; to make known. 
 
 Notify-ed-er-ing-cation. w^ A ed. 
 un. Ossify, To become bone ; to form bone. 
 
 Ossify-ed-ing-cation. wra A ed. 
 semi. Petrify, To convert to stone ; to make callous. 
 
 Petri-ry-ied-ing-factiont. se;?z A ified. 
 un. Kectify, To make right ; to correct. 
 
 Rectify-ed-er-ing-cation. w?i A ed. 
 un- Karefy, To make thin or less dense. 
 
 Rare-Fy-fied-factiont-fiable. zm A fied. 
 un- Ramify, To divide into branches. 
 
 Ramify-ed-ing-cation. zm A ed, 
 dis. Satisfy, To gratify the wants or desires. 
 
 Satis-Fy-fied-fying-factiont. zm A fied. 
 ob. Stupefy, To make stupid ; to blunt. 
 
 Stupe-Fy-fied-factiont, ^faction, 
 un. Vitrify, To become, or form glass. 
 
 Vitri-Fy-fied-factiont-fiable . zm.fied. 
 
 * Exception under Rule 3. t Exception under Rule 10. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 109 
 
 SECTION XXXII. 
 
 ON this page and the next, the student may first define the given 
 word, then combine its prefixes and define it in such connection. Most 
 of the words here used are found in other parts of the book, with their 
 derivatives. 
 
 The exercise is merely to render the prefixes more familiar, and may 
 be often repeated, singly or in concert. 
 
 over un. Anxious, Greatly concerned ; solicitous, 
 
 mis re. Choose, To pick out ; to select or prefer, 
 
 super sub. Celestial, Relating to heaven. Ccelum, heaven, 
 
 over in. Curious, Strong desire for novelty ; nice, 
 
 dis un. Courteous, Polite ; well-bred ; civil, 
 
 in over. Diligent, Steady in application ; not idle, 
 
 in mis. Direct, To point or aim ; straight ; right, 
 
 demi equi. Distance, Remoteness ; reserved, 
 
 in un. Discreet, Prudent ; cautious ; not rash, 
 
 bi un. Fold, To double ; an enclosure . 
 
 mis re. Judge, To hear and determine a case, 
 
 re con. Join, To unite; to connect, 
 counter equi. Poise, To balance in weight- 
 
 preter im. Perfect, Finished ; complete, 
 
 non in. Sane, Sound; healthy; having reason, 
 
 counter pre. Signal, A sign given; memorable, 
 
 mis un. Sent, Dispatched ; thrown or cast, 
 
 anti un, Scriptural, According to Scripture, 
 
 con sub. Sequence, That which follows, 
 
 re un. Tempted, Inticed ; allured, 
 
 mis un. Taught, Instructed. 
 
 ante proto, Type, An emblem ; a model ; to prefigure, 
 
 con inter. Texture, The act of weaving ; a web. 
 
 pyro poly. Technics, Doctrine of arts in general. 
 10 
 
110 
 
 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 under co. Agent, An actor ; an active cause. 
 
 over super. Abound, To possess much of; prevalent. 
 
 un in. Arable, Fit for plowing. Aro, to plow. 
 
 dis un. Belief, An assent of the mind to, 
 
 after mis. Conduct, Good or bad action; behavior. 
 
 over mis, Carry, To bear, convey or transport. 
 
 mono a, Chromatic, Relating to color. 
 
 ante post. Diluvian, Pertaining to the flood. 
 
 geo helio. Centric, Pertaining to the center. 
 
 be de. Charm, To control by incantation. 
 
 over il. Liberal, Of a free heart ; generous . 
 
 preter il. Legal, According to law. Lex, law. 
 
 inter. Mediate, To interpose to effect a union. 
 
 unim im. Mortal, Subject to death ; deadly. 
 
 im un. Malleable, That may be drawn out by ham- 
 mering. 
 
 im un. Polite, Courteous ; refined. Polis, a city. 
 
 dys eu. Peptic, Promoting digestion. [edge. 
 
 non im. Proficiency, Improvement ; progress in knowl- 
 
 re un. Pack, To put together in order ; a bundle. 
 
 re over. Pay, To remunerate ; to discharge as a debt. 
 
 re pre. Possess, To have ; to hold or occupy. 
 
 im re. Plant, To put in the ground, as seed, 
 
 re dis. People, The inhabitants of any place. 
 
 un re. Traced, Marked out; delineated. 
 
 mis dis. Trust, To place confidence in. 
 
 super. Vision, Sight ; the faculty of seeing. 
 
 in un. Tractable, Easily led or taught. 
 
 dis re. Union, A joining ; a junction. 
 
 in inter. Weave, To unite threads in making cloth; 
 to insert. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. Ill 
 
 SECTION XXXIIL 
 
 Defining by two Prefixes. 
 
 in unin. Debt, What is owing from one to another. 
 
 Debt-or. m A ed-edness. unin^d. 
 
 Debtor, the person who owes. 
 
 Indebted, being in debt or was in debt. 
 
 Indebtedness , the state of being in debt. 
 
 Unindebted, was not indebted. . 
 in un. Apt, Fit ; suitable. Aptitude, fitness. 
 
 Apt-ly-ness-itude. injtu.de. un A ly. 
 mis un. Aim, To point at ; to try to accomplish. 
 
 Aim-ed-ing. ?nis A . un^ed. 
 super un. Add, To put together ; to unite. 
 
 Add-ed-ition-itional. un^ed. super^ 
 in un. Art, Skill ; cunning. Artificial, made by art. 
 
 Art-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessness-ificial-isan-ist. m A ificial 
 out un. Boast, To brag in speech ; to exalt one's self, 
 
 Boast-ed-er-ing-ful-fully. un A iug. out A . 
 all un. Dread, Great fear; apprehension of evil. 
 
 Dread-ful-fully-fulness-less. un A ed. 
 be un. Deck, or Bedeck, To adorn, embellish or clothe, 
 
 Deck-ed-ing. un A ed. be A . 
 re un. Draft, To delineate ; to draw the outline. 
 
 Drafted, re A .-ed-ing. un A ed. 
 re un, Gain, To obtain; to win; to acquire. 
 
 Gain-ed-er-ing. re A .-ed. un^ed. 
 ap il. Laud, To praise in words. Laus, praise. 
 
 Applause, to give praise to. 
 
 Laud-able -ableness-atory. ap^ # A able, * 
 re un. Mind, To obey ; to fix the thoughts. Intellect. 
 
 Mind-ful-fully-less. zm/ul-fully. re A . 
 
112 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 re un. Adorn, To deck or ornament. Orno, to deck. 
 
 Adorn-ed-ing-ment. re A .-ed. wrc A ed. 
 mis un. Accept, To receive what is offered; to agree. 
 
 Accept-ed-ing-ance-alion-able-ably-ability. 
 re un. Adjust, To put in order ; to settle. Jus, right. 
 
 Adjust-ed-ing-ment. re A .-ed. un^ed.. 
 dis un. Allow, To grant ; admit ; afford. 
 
 Allow-ed-ance-able. dw A ed-able. un^ed- 
 pre un. Acquaint,, To make fully known ; to inform. 
 
 Acquaint-ed-ance. ^?re A ance. z^ed. 
 self un. Deceit, Fallacy ; fraud ; cheat ; double dealing. 
 
 Deceit-ful-fully -fulness-less. unv\. 
 all un. Devour, To eat with greediness ; to destroy. 
 
 Devour-ed-ing. zm A ed. ailing. Voro. 
 in un. Discern, To distinguish by the eye. 
 
 Discern-ed-ible. un^ed- foible. Cerno, to see. 
 re un. Discuss, To debate. Quatio, to shake, dis, apart. 
 
 Discuss-ed-ion. un^ed. re A . 
 super self. Exalt, To raise high ; to elevate. Altus, high, 
 
 Exalt-ed-ation. ^Z/^ation. super^tion. 
 in un. Exhaust, To draw out; to drain. 
 
 Exhaust-ed-ion. injble. Haurio, to draw, 
 in un. Explain, To make plain ; to expound. 
 
 Explain-ed-able. Explan-Ation-atory. 
 over re. Flourish, To grow luxuriantly ; to thrive. 
 
 Flourish-ed-ing. Flos, a flower. 
 in un. Fracture, or Infraction, A breach; a rupture, 
 
 Fract-ure-ion-ional. w^ured. 
 re un, Install, To induct or place in office- 
 
 Install-ed-ation. zm A ed. re A .-ed. 
 il un. Limit, To bound or set bounds to- 
 
 Limit-ed-ati on-less. ^ A able. un^ed. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 113 
 
 re un. Adjourn, To defer till another time. 
 
 Adjourn-ed-ment. r A .-ed. un^ed. 
 
 re un. Adopt, To take a child as an heir; to select and 
 take ; to take as one's own. 
 
 Adopt-ed-ion. ?^z A ed. Opto, to choose, 
 dis un. Anoint, To pour oil on ; to besmear with oil. 
 
 Anoint-ed-ing. un^ed. 
 re un. Assault, To attack with violence . 
 
 Assault-ed-ing. zm A ed. re A . 
 self un. Banish, To condemn to exile. 
 
 Banish-ed-inent. zm A ed. self-ment. 
 mis un. Bestow, To give ; to impart to, or confer. 
 
 Bestow-ed-ing-al-ment. mis A ed. 
 de inter. Nation, People under one government. 
 
 Nation-al-ally-ality. internal. 
 im un. Perish, To die ; in a state of decay. 
 
 Perish-ed-able- unjng. m A able. 
 im un. Prosper, To render successful ; to thrive. 
 
 Prosper-ed-ous-ously-ity. imjty. un^ovts. 
 re un. Publish, To make public ; to utter or print. 
 
 Publish -ed-ing-ment. un^d. re A . 
 ir un. Redeem, To ransom or purchase back. 
 
 Redeem-ed-er-ing. zV A able. 2^ A ed. 
 dis un, Regard, To observe ; to look towards. 
 
 Regard-ed-ful-fully-less. un^d. dis^ 
 ir un. Reproach, To censure, or treat with scorn. 
 
 Reproach-ed-ful-fully-able. z> A able. un^ed. 
 inun. Support, To bear; uphold; maintain. 
 
 Support-ed-able. in^abie. ^^?^ A ed. 
 
 re un. Summon, To notify by authority to appear at some 
 place ; to call up. 
 
 Summon-ed. un A Qd. re A . 
 
 10* 
 
114 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 in un. Alter, To make some change in. Alter, another. 
 
 Alter-ed-ing-ation-able-ability. m A able-ably. zm A ed. 
 in un. Contest, To dispute or strive. A strife. 
 
 Contest-ed-ing-able. ?m A ed-able. m A able-ably. Testis, 
 
 a witness, 
 self un. Convict, To prove guilty. Vinco, to conquer. 
 
 Convict-ed-ing-ion, scZ/^ed, w^ A ed. 
 unac ac. Custom, Frequent or common use. 
 
 Accustom, To make familiar by use. 
 
 Custom-ary-arily. #c A ,-ed. w^#c A ed. 
 dis un. Enchant, To practice sorcery ; to delight. 
 
 Enchant-ed-ment. disced. ?m A ed. 
 in un. Expert, Skillful ; experienced ; prompt. 
 
 Expert-ly-ness. in A . Perior, to try. 
 super un. Intend, To mean or design. Tendo, to stretch. 
 
 Superintend, To extend over ; to oversee. 
 
 Intend-ed-ing. super .~ent. w^ A ed. 
 un. Invert, To turn upside down. Verto, to turn. 
 
 Invert-ed-ing. ww A ed 
 un re. Polish, To make smooth ; refinement. 
 
 Polish-ed-ing-er-able. re A . zm A ed. 
 dis un. Sever, or Dissever; To separate by violence. 
 
 Sever-ed-ing-ance. fe A ed-ance. 
 in un. Suffer, To feel what is painful ; to undergo. 
 
 Suffer-ed-ing-er-ance-able. m A able. 
 in un. Temper, Disposition ; mood ; humor. 
 
 Temperate, Moderate ; abstemious. 
 
 Temper-ate-ance. m A ate-ance. 
 rein in. Vigor, Energy ; active strength. 
 
 Invigorate, To make vigorous. 
 
 Vigor-ous-ously. m A ate-ated-ating. mra A ate-ated, Vigor. 
 strength. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 115 
 
 re un. Assert, To affirm or aver ; To affirm. 
 
 Assert-ed-ing-ion-or. re A .-ed-ion. un^ed. 
 re un. Attack, To assail by force or words. 
 
 Attack-ed-ing. re^.-ed. un^d. 
 dis un. Avow, To declare openly. Voveo, to vow. 
 
 Avow-ed-al. fe A --ed-al. un^ed. 
 in un. Civil, Relating to policy; sober; well-bred. 
 
 Civilize, to reclaim from a savage state. 
 
 Civil-ly-ity-ize-ized-ization. injiy t un^. 
 in un. Congeal, To become thick or stiff. Gelu, frost. 
 
 Congeal-ed-ation. in^ible. ?m A ed. 
 in un. Control, To govern ; to keep under check. 
 
 Control-led-ler-lable. invisible. Rule 6. 
 in un. Corrupt, To vitiate or make worse. 
 
 Corrupt-ed-ing-er-ion-ible. m A ible. 
 dis un. Inthrall or Enthrall, To enslave. 
 
 Inthrall-ed-ing-ment. disced, un^ed. 
 re un. Foment, To bathe with warm liquors. 
 
 Foment-ed-ing-ation. re A ed, un^ed, 
 dis un. Favor, To befriend ; resemblance ; kind regard- 
 
 Favor-ed-able-ableness. w?z A able. dis^ 
 in un. Frugal, sparing ; a prudent use of. 
 
 Frugal-ly-ity. injty. un^. 
 in un. Grateful, Thankful ; a sense of benefits. 
 
 Grateful-ly-ness. w7i A .ly-ness. 
 un. Record, To register; to write in ; a register of facts 
 
 Record-ed-er. un^ed. 
 dis un. Relish, To please the taste ; a pleasing taste. 
 
 Relish-ed-ing-able. dis & . tmted. 
 in un. Utter, To speak or pronounce words. 
 
 Utter-ed-ing-ance. m A a ble. un A ed. 
 e. Vanish, To disappear.-ed-ing. Evanescent. 
 
116 ANALYSTS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XXXIV. 
 
 in un. Diminish, To lessen ; to impajr. Minus, less. 
 
 Diminish-ed-ing-able. zXable- w?z A ed. 
 re un. Deliver, To free ; to surrender ; to utter a speech- 
 
 Deliver-ed-er-ance-able. re A . un^ed.. 
 dis un. Embarrass, To perplex ; to render intricate- 
 
 Ernbarrass-ed-ing-ment. dis^. ?^ A ed, 
 in non. Elastic, Springing back ; rebounding, 
 super un. Excel, To go beyond ; to surpass. Celsus, lofty. 
 
 Excellent, better than common. 
 
 Excel-lent-lence. super & \eut-lence. 
 re'en en. Joy, Gladness ; mirth; hilarity. 
 
 Joy-ful-fully-less-ous. Exception 2d under Eule 3. 
 
 .Ercjoy, To take pleasure in. reen^ 
 dis un. Order, To direct; regular arrangement. 
 
 Disorder, to put out of order. 
 
 Order-ed-ing-ly. disced. ?z A ly- 
 unem em. Power, Force ; ability to do or cause. 
 
 Power-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessness. 
 
 .Empower, to give power to.-ed-ing. 
 ap over. Prize, or Apprize, To set value on ; to value. 
 
 Prize-ed. 0p A -ed-al-ment. overfed. 
 dis un- Serve, To work for ; to wait on. Service, labor. 
 
 Serviceable, that does service. Servile, slavish. 
 
 Serve-ice-ieeable-iceably-iceableness- 
 
 ant-ile-ility-ileness-itude. zm A iceable. 
 dis m,is. Trust, To confide in ; confidence. 
 
 Trust-ed-ful. mis^.-ed- disced- 
 n un. Vary, To alter in any manner; to differ. 
 
 Vary-ed-ing. m A able-ably. Kule 3. 
 
 * Mistrust, implies suspicion ; Distrust, want of confidence. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 117 
 
 SECTION XXXV. 
 
 Words arranged like the following, are combined as below, 
 pre super. Eminent, High; exalted in rank. 
 
 3 2 1 
 
 Pre-super-Einin-Ent-ently-ence- 
 
 1. Eminent, eminently, eminence. 
 
 2. Stiperem'ment, supereminently, supereminence. 
 
 3. Pre-eminent, pre-eminently, pre-eminence, 
 dis in. Obedient, submissive to authority. 
 
 dis-in-Obedi-Ent-ently-enee. 
 
 Obedient, obediently, obedience. 
 
 jfoobedient, inobediently, inobedience. 
 
 Disobedient, disobediently, disobedience, 
 ar de. Range, To set in a row ; to rove. 
 
 ar-de-Range-ed-ing. dement, arjnent. 
 disen en. Cumber, or .Encumber, To load or burden. 
 
 C umber-ed-ing-some-someness. 
 
 .Ewcum-Ber-bering-brance. disenjber. 
 out en. Compass, To stretch around ; to encompass, 
 
 Compass-ed-ing. .E^compass-ed-ing. 
 unpre pre. Destine, To ordain or appoint ; to doom. 
 
 Destine-ed-ing-y-ation. zm A ed. 
 
 Predestinate-ed-ion. unpre^ed- 
 re un. Importune, To request with urgency. 
 
 Importunate, urgent in request, 
 
 Importune-ed-ing-ate-ately-ity. zm A ed. 
 re. Suscitate, To rouse ; to call into life or action. 
 
 Suscitate-ed-ing-ion. re A .-ed-ion. 
 dis as. Similar, Resembling ; like. Similis, like. 
 
 .Assimilate, to make or cause to be like. 
 
 Simil-Ar-arity. ^'s A ir-arity. as A ate-ated-ation. 
 
} 18 ANALYSIS OF THE. 
 
 SECTION XXXVI. 
 
 See Rule 1st and 2nd for this and the next two pages. 
 
 con ex. Cave, or Cavern, A hollow place in the earth. 
 
 Concave, hollowing inwardly. Excavate, to dig out. 
 Cave-ern-ity. co^ A .-ity. e A ate-ated-ation. 
 de in. Fame, Public report; rumor; renown. 
 
 Fame-ous-ously. m A ous-ously-y. 
 
 Defame, to slander, ed-ing-ation-atory. 
 in unin. Flame, A blaze ; fire. Inflame, to set on fire. 
 
 Flame-less. m A --ed-ing. unin^ed. 
 
 Jftflam-Mable-mability-mableness-matory. 
 be un. Grudge, or Begrudge, To envy or murmur. 
 
 Grudge-ed-ing-ingly. be^ed. unbend. 
 mis un. Guide, To direct. A conductor. 
 
 Guide-ed-ance. mi$ A -ance. un^ed. 
 un. Hope, To cherish a desire of some good. 
 
 Hope-ed-ful-fully-fulness-less. unjul- 
 inter un. Pledge, To pawn something as security ; to 
 engage to fulfill a promise. 
 
 Pledge-ed-or-ee. inter ^ un A ed. 
 dis un. Please, To excite agreeable emotion. 
 
 Please-ed-ing-ure-urable. dis^.-ed-ure. 
 re un. Seize, To lay hold on suddenly ; to take. 
 
 Seize-ed-ing-ure. rc A ure. un^ed. 
 
 non in. Sense, reason. The faculty by which external 
 objects are perceived. 
 
 Sense-less-lessly-ible-ibly-ibility-ableness-ation. zXible- 
 
 ibly-ibility. non A . 
 un. Shame-ful-fully-fulness-less-lessly-lessness. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 119 
 
 all un. Atone, To expiate an offence; to make amends. 
 
 Atone-ed-ing-ment. un A ed. aZZJng. 
 all un. Admire, To regard with wonder. 
 
 Admire-ed-ing-er-ation-able-ably-ability. &ft A ed-ing. all^ 
 
 ing. Miro?', to wonder, 
 all un. Adore, To worship ; to pay Divine honor to. 
 
 Adore-ed-ing-ation-able. un A ed. 
 in un. Converse, To talk. Conversable, free in discourse. 
 
 Converse-ed-able-ation. injible. zm A able. 
 mis un. Contrive, To invent, devise or plan. 
 
 Contrive-ed-ance-er. mis^ un A ed. 
 in un. Conclude, To decide ; to finish ; to infer. 
 
 Conclude-ed-ing. un A e&. 
 
 Conclus-ion-ive-ively. eXive-ively. 
 ex inter. Commune, To converse ; to confer. 
 
 Communicate, To impart to another. 
 
 .Excommunicate, To cut off communion. 
 Commune-ed-ion-icate-ication-icative-icant-icable. 
 
 &E A icate-ication, interjection. z'?z A icable. 
 in un. Decide, To determine ; to end ; to fix, 
 
 Decide-ed-ing-er. un A ed. 
 
 Decis-ion-i ve-ively . injou-ive . 
 in un. Define, To explain ; to mark the limits. 
 
 Define-ed-er-ition-able. m A able, un^ed, 
 in un. Dispute, To contend in argument, Strife. 
 
 Dispute-ed-ation-able. ^Xable. un^ed. 
 pre un, Declare, To tell explicitly ; to make plain. 
 
 Declare-ed-ation-ative-atory. pre^tion. 
 mis un. Fortune, success ; good luck ; wealth. 
 
 Fortunate, successful ; lucky. 
 
 Fortune-ate-ately. zm^te ately. mis^ 
 
120 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 dis un. Agree, To assent; to be of one mind. Rule 1. 
 
 Agreeable, pleasing. Disagreeable, not pleasing. 
 
 Agree-ed-ing-ment-able-ably-ableness. 
 
 d& A .-ed-ing-able-ably-ableness. un^ed. 
 dis un. Abuse, To use or treat ill. Rule 1. 
 
 Disabuse, to free from mistake. 
 
 Abuse-ed-ive-ively. fe A -ed-ing. &w A ed. 
 re un. Compile, To collect matter for a book. 
 
 Compile-ed-er-ing-ation. zm A ed. r<? A . 
 in un. Compare, To liken one thing to another. 
 
 Compare-ed-ison-able-ative. in A Me. 
 mis un. Construe, To translate ; to interpret. 
 
 Construe-ed. misled, un^ed. 
 semi un. Calcine, To reduce to fineness by heat. 
 
 Calcine-ed-ation. semi^ed. un^ed. 
 mis un. Derive, To draw or receive as from a source. 
 
 Derive-ed-ation-ative-able. zm A ed. 
 in re. Flexile, Easily bent ; pliant. Flecto, to bend. 
 
 Flex-ile-ible-ibility. wijble-ibility. re A ity. 
 in un. Fertile, Fruitful ; rich ; inventive. 
 
 Fertile-ity-ize-ization. injty. un^. 
 mis un. Improve, To make better in any sense. 
 
 Improve-ed-ment-able. un^ed. mis^. 
 mis un. Manage, To conduct. Rule 2, Exception Rule 1. 
 
 Manage -ed-able-ably-ableness-ment. mis A . 
 non un. Observe, To notice with attention. 
 
 Observe-ed-ation-able-ance-atory. 
 im un. Perceive, To observe ; to understand. 
 
 Perceive-able. Percep-xion-tive-tible. m A tible. 
 self un. Preserve, To save ; to keep safe from injury. 
 
 Preserve-er-ation-ative-able. seZ/^ation. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 121 
 
 SECTION XXXVIII. 
 
 re un, Compensate, To make amends ; to give an equiva- 
 lent; to remunerate. Compenso. 
 
 Compensate-ed-ing-ion-ory. ?^ A .-ed. un^ed. 
 re un. Celebrate, To praise or make famous. 
 
 Celebrate-ed-ing-ion. un^ed. re A . 
 all un. Devastate, To lay waste ; to ravage or destroy. 
 
 Devastate-ed-ing-ion. un^ed. #ZZ A ing. 
 self un. Educate, To instruct ; to bring up, as children. 
 
 Educate- ed-or-ion-ional. self^ed. un^d. 
 in un. Expiate, To atone for ; to make reparation. 
 
 Expiate-ed-ion-ory. un^ed. m A ble. Rule 8. 
 contra sub. Indicate, To point out or show. 
 
 Indicate-ed-ion-ive. eoTtfroJon, 
 in un. Imitate, To copy after ; to counterfeit. 
 
 Imitate-ed-or-ion-ble. m A ble. un A ed. 
 im un. Mitigate, To alleviate ; to abate. Mitis, mild. 
 
 Mitigate-ed-ing-ion. zm A ed. 
 in un. Separate, To divide or part; disunion. 
 
 Separate-ed-ion-ble-bility. i?i A \Ae. un A ed. 
 in un. Articulate, To utter words distinctly. 
 
 Articulate-ed-ion. un A ed. in^.-ion. 
 re un. Accelerate, To quicken, as motion ; to hasten. 
 
 Accelerate-ed-ing-ion-ory . un^ed . 
 irre re. Conciliate, To reconcile; to gain the affect ions. 
 
 Conciliate-ed-ing-ory. un A ed. 
 
 .Zfeconcile-ed-iation-ing. 2?T A able. 
 re un. Interrogate, To question. Rogo, to ask. 
 
 Interrogate-ed-ion-ive-ory. ^?z A ed. re A . 
 mis un. Translate, To interpret ; to transfer. 
 
 Translate-ed-ion. w& A .-ed. nn^d. 
 
322 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 in un. Access, A coming to ; a near approach. 
 
 Access-ion-ible-ibility. m A ible-ibility. unable. 
 un. Amiable, Lovely, Ami-Able-ably-ability. w7 
 
 Applicable, That may be applied ; suitable ; fit. 
 
 Applica-sle-bly-bility. wz A ble-bility. 
 in. Capable, Having sufficient capacity for. 
 
 Capacitate, to make capable of. Capio, to take, 
 
 Cap-Able-abiiity-acitate-acious-acity. 
 
 m A able-ability-acitate-acitated. 
 un. Determine, To decide.-ed-ing-ation. un^ed. 
 
 Demonstrate, to prove beyond a doubt. 
 
 Demonstrate-ed-or-ion-ble-bly. 
 in. Eligible, Fit or worthy to be chosen. Eligo, to choose. 
 
 Elig-ible-ibly-ibility. m A ible-ibility. 
 un. Hesitate, To be in doubt. Hesitate-ed-ing-ion. 
 un. Illuminate, To enlighten. -ed-ing-ion. 
 
 Negotiate, To transact business.-ed-ion-ble-or. 
 
 Precarious, Uncertain.-ly-ness. 
 un. Propitiate, To conciliate or reconcile. 
 
 Impropitious, unfavorable. Propitio. 
 
 Propiti-Ate-ated-ating-ation-ator-atory. 
 
 ?'#i A ous-ously. un A ous. 
 in. Subordinate, Inferior in order, rank, &c. 
 
 Subordinate-ly-ion. Ordo, order, 
 in. Salubrious, Favorable to health. Solus t safety. 
 
 Salubri-ous-ously-ty. ^ A ous-ty. 
 
 Vincible, That may be overcome. Vinco. 
 
 J/ivinci-Ble-bly-bility-bleness. 
 in. Violate, To break as a law.-ed-ion-ble-or. 
 re un. Capture, To take or seize as a prisoner. 
 
 Capt-ure-or-ured-uring. re A ure. un A ured. 
 mis over. Kule, To govern.-ed-er-ing. mis^. over A . 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 123 
 
 SECTION XXXIX, 
 
 Defining ly the use of three Prefixes. 
 im re un. Bound, To limit; to leap. A limit- 
 
 Bound-ed-ary-less. wft A ed. re^ im^ 
 
 Bounded, did bound or limit. 
 
 Boundary, that which bounds. 
 
 BoundZm, without bounds. 
 
 Unbounded, was not bounded, 
 
 .Kebound, to bound back. 
 
 /rabound, to bound in or inclose, 
 ab in un. Err, To go astray ; to do wrong, 
 
 .Serration, a wandering from. 
 
 Err-ed-ing-or-atic-able-ableness, 
 
 Ration. m A able. &wjng-ingly-able. 
 arch co un. Found, To lay the basis ; to begin. 
 
 Found-ed-er-ation-ationless. archer, un^ed* 
 dis un. Grace, Favor ; good will ; to adorn. 
 
 Grace-ful-f ully-less-ious . disj ul. 
 dis re un. Joint, The joining, or place of joining, 
 
 Joint-ed-less. disced, un^ed. 
 dis en un. Robe, or Enrobe, To put on a robe- 
 an de un. Note, To notice ; to mark ; a short letter, 
 
 .^notation, a remark, or note. 
 
 Denote, to mark out ; to signify. 
 
 Note-ed-ation. Cation. de A .-ed. 
 dis mis un. Place, To set. or put in some place. 
 
 Place-ed-ing. misled, disced. 
 dis self un. Praise, To commend. 
 
 Praise-ed-worthy. self A . un^ed. 
 dis im un. Plume, A feather; token of honor. 
 
 Plume-less-let, ^,-ed. m A ous. 
 
J24 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 fore mis un. Advise, To give counsel to. Video, to see. 
 
 Advise-ed-er-ing-able-ory. ?nis A .-ed. un^ed. 
 ab in un. Alien, A foreigner. Alienus, foreign. 
 Alienate, to transfer to another. 
 Alien-ate-ated-ation-able. injMe* Ration, 
 dis mis un. Belief, Persuasion of truth ; assent of the 
 
 mind. Believe, to give credit to. 
 Believe-ed-er-ing. dis-mis-un-Belief. 
 unas as un. Certain, sure ; undoubted. Certus, sure. 
 Certain-ly-ty. Ascertain, to make sure* 
 ^Iscertain-ed-ing. unasked. 
 in re un. Combine, To unite ; to link together. 
 
 Combine-ed-ation. relation. m A able. un^d. 
 dis re un. Commend, To praise ; to applaud. 
 
 Commend-ed-ing*ation-atory. re A . dis# 
 all in un. Consume, To destroy ; to waste away. 
 
 Consume-ed-er-ing. m A able-ably. ailing. 
 in mis un. Correct, Right, or to make right. 
 Correct-ed-ing-ion-ive. Rectus, right, 
 Correct-ly-ness. in^ mis^d. un^d. 
 in re un. Consider, To think ; to fix the mind on. 
 Consider-ed-ation. re A .-ed-ation. 
 Considerate, Thoughtful. in A Ay -Ion-ness. 
 anti pre un. Constitute, To fix, establish or make. 
 
 Constitute-ed-ion-ional. pre A ed. anti,iona\. 
 fore pre un. Design, To plan ; to intend. A scheme. 
 
 Design-ed-er-ing-ation. preyed. ?m A ed. 
 in self un. Destroy, To demolish, or lay waste ; to ruin. 
 Destroy-ed-er-ing. self^er. Exception Rule 3. 
 Destruct-ion-ive-ively-ible. 2 A ible. selfjon. 
 reim im re. Print, To impress letters or figures on paper 
 or other substances. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 
 
 dis in un. Console, To comfort or alleviate grief. 
 
 Console-ed-ing-able-ation-atory-ator. 
 
 'm A able-ably-ation-ateness. zm A ed. 
 in sub un. Divide, To separate ; to make partition. 
 
 sub-Divide-ed-ing. un^ed. 
 
 Divis-ion-ible-ibility. wjble-ibility, 
 all im pre. Mature, To ripen ; to perfect. Ripe. 
 
 Mature-ed-ity-ness. pre A . im^ 
 under re un. Purchase, to buy as property. 
 
 Purchase-ed-er. under^r. re A . 
 in unob ob. Noxious, Hurtful ; poisonous. 
 
 Obnoxious, liable or exposed to. 
 
 Noxious -ly. 0# A .-ly, unob K . 
 over in un. Offend, To displease. Offense, displeasure, 
 
 Offend-ed-ing-or. un A e&. overfed. 
 
 Offense-ive-ively-iveness. inj.ve. 
 pre re un. Obtain, To get or gain ; to succeed in. 
 
 Obtain-ed-able. wra A ed-able. 
 
 ?-e A ed -ing-able. Teneo, to hold. 
 
 dis mis un. Profess, To make open declaration ; to avow ; 
 to acknowledge ; to declare. 
 
 Profess-ed-ion-ional. dis A , ?nis^. 
 
 after ir un. Repent, To feel sorrow for what was wrong ; 
 to change the mind. 
 
 Repent-ed-ance. afterjunce. ?m A ing. 
 mis out un. Reckon, To count, compute or estimate. 
 
 Reckon-ed-ing. mw A . out A . un^ed. 
 cor out un. Rival, To strive for an object in opposition to 
 some other person. 
 
 Rival-ed-ing. zm A ed. cut^: CO A . 
 all re un. Search, To seek for ; to explore. 
 
 Search-ed-ing-ingly. alljng. re^. unable, 
 
126 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 in non un. Attend, To wait on; to go with ; to listen to. 
 
 Attend-ed-ing-ant-ance. nonjmce. 
 
 Attent-ive-ively-ion. ^Jve-ively-ion. 
 dis ex un. Author, The writer of; the first mover of* 
 
 Authorize, to give power to ; to empower. 
 
 Author-ess-ship-ize-ized. disjze. unsized. 
 all re un. Conquer, To subdue or gain by force. 
 
 Conquer-ed-ing-or-able, #ZZ A ing. 
 
 ?ft A ed-able-ableness. re A .-ed. 
 mis pre self. Conceit, To imagine. A notion or fancy, 
 
 Conceit-ed-edly-ful-less. self^. un A ed. 
 pre re un. Consult, To seek the opinion of others, 
 
 Consult-ed-ation. pre^tion. mi^ed. 
 in re un. Digest, To concoct food ; to arrange. 
 
 Digest-ed-ion-ive. t?z A able. un^ed. 
 dis mis self. Esteem, To prize ; to set value on. 
 
 Esteem-ed-ing. self A . dis & . mis A . 
 mis self un. Govern, To direct by authority. 
 
 Govern-or-ment. selfjnent. mis A . 
 in re un. Gather, To collect ; to bring together. 
 
 Gather-ed-ing. ^*?^ A . Te^. un^ed. 
 in self un. Glory, Brightness ; lusture ; splendor. 
 
 Glorify, to Make glorious, or give glory to. 
 
 Glory-ous-ously. z'?z A ous-ously. self^. 
 
 Glori-Fy-fied-fying-fication. Rule 10. 
 super in un. Human, Having the qualities of men. 
 
 Human-ity. injty. super ^ in. 
 mis pre un. Instruct, To teach, educate or inform. 
 
 Instruct-ed-ion-or-ive. preyed, mis^. 
 anti de irn. Moral, relating to good conduct. 
 
 MoraMy-ity-ist- imjty. antijst. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 127 
 
 in mis mi. Appropriate, To set apart ; suitable. 
 
 Appropriate-ed-ing-ion. in A . misj.ou. 
 in mis un. Calculate, To compute ; to reckon. 
 
 Calculate-ed-ing-ion-ble. ?^ A ed. 
 
 ms A .-ed-ion. m A ble-bly. 
 in re un. Deliberate, To ponder; to consider. 
 
 Deliberate-ed-ion-ive-ly-ness. 
 
 un. Eradicate, To uproot or destroy.-ed-ion- un h * 
 pre unpre. Meditate, To contemplate ; to muse. 
 
 Meditate-ed-ion-ing-ive, 
 
 j!?re A .-ed-ing-ion. unpre A ed. 
 e une un. Narrate, To tell, rehearse or relate. 
 
 Narrate-ed-ing-ion-ive. 
 circum. Navigate, To sail on water in ships. 
 
 Navigate-or-ion-ble.^ im^ed-ble. 
 
 circum^.-iou. Navigo, to sail, 
 all im un. Penetrate, To pierce ; to enter. 
 
 Penetrate-ed-ion-ble.^ ?m A ed, 
 
 zm A ble-bly-bility. #ZZ A ing. 
 
 ir e une. Radiate, Eradiate or Irradiate, To issue in rays 
 of light. .Radius, a ray or spoke, 
 
 Radiate-ed-ing-ion. e A ate-ion. z> A ate-ion. 
 super over. Saturate, To supply to fullness. 
 
 Saturate-ion, super Jon. un^ed. 
 in un. Stimulate, To excite to action. 
 
 Stimulate-ed-ion. zm A ed. 
 re un. Vindicate, To defend; to justify; to 
 avenge. Vi?idex, A punisher. 
 
 Vindicate-ed-ing-ion re A . un^ed. 
 
 Stipulate, To make an agreement; to bargain. 
 
 Stipulate-ed-ing-or-ion. ?m A ed. 
 
 * See Rule 8, and Note. 
 
128 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XL. 
 
 Special directions for combining suffixes on this page and the four 
 following. 
 
 When the prefixes are separated from the Word, and from each 
 other, by a hyphen, each prefix, one by one, is to combine with the 
 word, as it takes its several suffixes, onward to the period following. If 
 two or more words follow each other, separated by a comma, the 
 several prefixes unite with each of those words. If the word is after- 
 wards repeated with prefixes and suffixes, or either, it combines as 
 above, unless otherwise shown by the caret. 
 
 COMPONENT PARTS. 
 54321 6 
 
 be-in-over-un-Cloud-ed. Cloud-y-less. 
 
 COMBINED- 
 
 1. Cloud, Clouded. 2. Uncloud, Unclouded- 3. Overcloud, 
 Overclouded. 4. Incloud, Inclouded. 5. Becloud, Be- 
 clouded- 6. Cloud, Cloudy, Cloudless. 
 
 COMPONENT PARTS. 
 65432 1 
 
 im-irre-unre-re-un-Movable, Movably. 
 
 COMBINED. 
 
 1. Movable, Movably. 2. Unmovable, Unmovably. 3. 
 Removable, Removably. 4. Unremovable, Unremovably. 
 5. Irremovable, Irremovably. 6. Immovable, Immovably. 
 
 EXERCISE. 
 
 Cloud, To obscure by mist ; to darken. 
 
 be-in-over-un-Cloud-ed. Cloud-y-less. 
 Date, To note the time when. 
 
 ante-post-mis-re-Date-ed. un A ed. 
 Count, To number ;. to reckon. 
 
 mis-over-re-Count-ed. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 129 
 
 Close, To shut ; to make fast ; to finish ; to unite. 
 
 dis-en-fore-in-re-un-Close-ed. 
 Chord, A string of a musical instrument ; a right line, 
 
 being the arc of a circle. 
 deca-hexa-mono-poly-tetra-Chord. 
 Centric, Pertaining to the center ; in a central position, 
 
 CWcentric, Tending to the center. 
 con-ec-geo-helio-sub-Centric. 
 Change, To alter in any manner ; to give one thing for 
 
 another. Alteration. 
 
 inter-re-re'ex-ex-Change-ed. alljng. u?i A ed. 
 Charge, To load, as a gun ; to assault, or attack ; to accuse, 
 
 Expense. Surcharge, to overcharge. 
 dis-mis-over-sur-Charge-ed. un A ed- 
 Knowledge, A clear perception of truth, or any 
 
 fact ; learning ; acquaintance. Nosco, To know. 
 Acknowledge, to admit to be true ; to own. 
 disac-ac-fore-self-Knowledge. 
 Motion, A moving ; a change of local position. 
 
 Locomotion, the act of moving from place to place. 
 Emotion, a moving of the mind. 
 com-counter-e-loco-Motion . 
 im-irre-unre-re-un-Movable, or Movably. 
 Mundane, Belonging, or pertaining to the world. Mundus, 
 
 the world. 
 
 ante-infra-inter-super-supra-Mundane. 
 Natural, Pertaining to nature ; produced by nature ; unaf- 
 fected, Natura, nature- 
 Connatural, connected by nature. 
 con-counter-preter-un-Natural. 
 
 Syllable, Letters uttered at a single impulse of voice. 
 dis-mono-octo-poly-tri-Sy liable. 
 
130 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Dense, Compact. Dense-ly-ity-ness. 
 
 Condense, to make more dense or compact. 
 
 re-Condense-ed-ation. un A e&. z'?z A able-ability. 
 Graft, To insert or join on. 
 
 in-re-Graft-ed-ing. z^ A ed. 
 Grade, A degree, rank or order ; to level a road. 
 
 de-retro-Grade-ation. wn A ed. unde A ed. 
 Line, Length without breadth or thickness. 
 
 Delineate, to mark out as with lines. 
 
 inter-Line^-ation. Delineate-ed-ing-ion. 
 Love, To be pleased with ; affection ; good will. 
 
 Love-ly-liness-ing- zmjy-liness. e A ed. 
 Mount, To rise aloft ; to leap upon. A mountain. 
 
 Surmount, to rise above. Dismount, to get off- 
 
 dis-sur-Mount-ed-ing. insur^viblQ. U7isw\ed. 
 Mode, Method ; form ; manner of existing. 
 
 t Modify, to alter ; to vary the form. 
 
 Mode-ify-ifying-ifier-ified-ification. WTiJfied. 
 Plot, To form a scheme of mischief. 
 
 coml-Plot-ted-ting, counter-under- Plot. 
 Poise, To weigh or Balance. A weight. 
 
 counter-equi-over-Poise. 
 Sure, Certain ; firm. Assure, to make certain. 
 
 Insure, to make sure, or secure. 
 
 reas-as-rein-in-Sure. united, 
 Taught, Instructed, in art or science. 
 
 mis-self-un-Taught. 
 Veil, To cover or hide ; a covering. 
 
 over-Veil-ed-ing. zm A ed. 
 Vigilant, Watchful. Vigil-Ant-antly-ance. 
 
 *e, final, is retained in lineation. fRule 10. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 131 
 
 Ambulate, To walk from place to place. 
 
 circum-noct-pre-per-Ambulate-ion. 
 Appoint, To fix or settle ; to allot ; to ordain. 
 
 Disappoint, To defeat what was expected. 
 
 dis-fore-re-Appoint-ment. un^ed. 
 Account, To render an account of, or to. 
 
 Account-ed-ing-able-ableness-ably-ability-ant. 
 
 &tt A ed-able-ableness-ably-ability. 
 Generate, To propagate ; to cause to bring into life. 
 
 Regenerate, to renew. Degenerate, to grow worse. 
 
 de-re-Generate-ed-ion. unread. U7ide A ed. 
 Minister, To afford supplies ; service in office. 
 
 Administer, to help, or give aid to. 
 
 mal-pread-ad-Ministration- 
 Mutable, Subject to change. Muto, to change. 
 
 Transmute, to change the nature. 
 
 Commute, to exchange one for another. 
 
 com-im-trans-Mut-Able-ability. 
 Ordain, To appoint, or decree; to establish. 
 
 fore-pre-re-Ordain, or Ordination. 
 Pendent, Hanging or jutting over. 
 
 Append, to hang to, Append-ed-ant-age, 
 
 Impend, to hang over. Impend-ent-ing-ency. 
 
 Depend, to hang down from, for support. 
 
 Depend-ent-ently-ence-ency. inde A ent. 
 Cumbent or Decumbent, Lying down. Recumbent, re- 
 clining or leaning back. Procumbent, leaning for 
 ward. Incumbent, leaning or lying on. 
 
 de-pro-re-superin-in-Cumbent. 
 Success, Favorable result of any purpose. 
 
 Success-ful-fully-fulness. ?m/ul-fully. 
 
132 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Angular, Having an angle or angles. 
 
 mult-oct-tri-un-Angular. 
 Enforce, To give force to; to put in execution. 
 
 re-Enforce-ed-ing-ment. un A ed. 
 Establish, To fix firmly; to confirm. 
 
 pre-re-Establish-ed-ing-ment. comment. 
 Examine, To inspect carefully. 
 
 pre-re-Examine-ed-ing-ation. self Cation. 
 Locution, A discourse ; manner of speaking. 
 
 e-circum-inter-Locution. Loquor, to speak. 
 Probation, Foretrial ; the act of proving, 
 Approbation, expressing satisfaction. 
 
 Probation-er-ary. disapprobation. 
 Remember, To call back an idea to mind. 
 
 mis-Remember-ed. dis A . 
 Respond, To answer to. Response, an answer. 
 
 Correspond, To agree with ; to hold intercourse. 
 
 cor-Respond-ed-ing-ent-ence-ency. 
 
 Response-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness-ive-ively. 
 Secure, Free from danger ; to make safe. 
 
 in Secure-ly-ity. Secure-ed-ing. zm A ed. 
 Structure, A building of any kind. Struo, to build. 
 
 Construct, To build, or fabricate. 
 6'cwstruct-ed-ion-ive. sub-super-Structure. 
 Vision, Sight ; something imagined. Video, to see, 
 
 re-super- Vision. Visible, that may be seen. 
 
 in-Vis-ible-ibly-ibility-ibleness. 
 Vex, To irritate by little provocation ; to fret. 
 
 Vex-ed-er-ing-ation-atious-atiously. ^7?. A ed. 
 Warn, To caution of approaching danger. 
 
 fore-Warn-ed-ing. un^di- unfore^d. 
 Waste, To squander. Waste-ful-fully-fulness. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 133 
 
 SECTION XLI. 
 
 When a part of the word from which derivatives are to be formed, 
 is cut off by a comma, thus ; Exportation, that part preceding the 
 comma, being a prefix, must be dropped before any other prefix can be 
 added, thus : 
 
 e-de-pro. Kejected. Drop re, and 
 
 join pro, and it forms Projected. Drop pro, and 
 
 join de, and it becomes Dejected. Drop de, and 
 join e, and it forms Ejected. 
 
 Each prefix modifies the signification of the root so as to 
 accord with its peculiar import, thus : 
 Kejected, thrown back, or cast off. 
 Projected, thrown or cast forward. . 
 Dejected, cast down, down cast. 
 Ejected, cast out, thrown out. 
 
 The pupil may now read each of the following words with its defi- 
 nition, then join the several prefixes, and define the word in such cjon- 
 nection. Omit the derivative formations. 
 
 re de ex. Contract, To draw together, 
 
 pro re ex. Im,pel, To force, or urge on. 
 
 cent sept. . Bi,ennial, Once in two years, 
 
 de e con. In,volve, To roll in, or envelop, 
 
 contro di. Con, vert, To turn with ; to change, 
 
 contra super. Con,vene, To come together, 
 
 circum retro. Inspection, A looking into, 
 
 abs con re. Sus,tain, To hold up ; to bear up. 
 
 trans con e. Di,gress, To go aside ; to depart from, 
 
 aristo theo. Democracy, Government by the people, 
 as discon con. Dis,sent, To disagree in opinion, 
 
 reexexreim. Im,port, To bring in, as goods from abroad. 
 
 ex pre re. Pro,ceed, To go forward ; to advance. 
 12 
 
134 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XLII. 
 
 This page and the next three, may be frequently taken up as a 
 suitable exercise to test the ability of the pupils, in giving the appro- 
 priate signification of the several roots, as differently modified by 
 prefixes. 
 
 Commence the combinations with the prefix immediately preceding 
 the word ; take each one in retrogade order, according to the example. 
 
 Take the word, Abstract, as an example. 
 
 98765432 1 
 
 at-con-de-dis-ex-pro-re-sub-Abs,tract-ed-ing-ion. 
 COMBINED THUS: 
 
 1st. Abstract, Abstracted, Abstracting, Abstraction. 
 2d. Subtract, subtracted, subtracting, subtraction, 
 3d. re- 4th. pro-. 5th. ex-. 6th. dis- 7th/ de-. 
 8th. con- 9th. at. 
 
 Abstract, To draw from ; to take from. A summary. Traho, 
 
 to draw or take ; abs, from. 
 Dis,tract, To draw apart, or derange the mind. 
 
 COMBINED AS ABOVE. 
 
 at-con-de-dis-ex-pro-re-sub-Abs,tract-ed-ing-ion. 
 
 Ad,duce, To lead or conduct to ; to bring forward ; to offer, 
 
 or present. Duco, to lead or draw ; ad, to. 
 Con,duce, to lead or tend to some end or object. 
 
 ab-con-de-pro-re-e-se-sub- 1 
 
 . , i Ad,duce, or Ad.duction. 
 
 intro-repro-superm-m- \ 
 
 de-in-recon-miscon-con-sub-Ab,duct-ed. 
 be-mis-re-par-over-under-Take-ing. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 135 
 
 Affect, To act upon ; to produce some change. Facio, 
 
 to make. 
 Effect, to accomplish. In,fect, to pollute 1 or poison. 
 
 disin-m-imper-per-ef-disaf-Af,fect-ed-ion. 
 unper-unef-unin-rein-misaf-Unaf,fected. 
 unef-unde-inde-De,fective. Faulty. 
 
 Bi,ennial, Talcing place once in two years. Annus, 
 
 a year. 
 cent-dec-oct-per-tri-sex-Bi,ennial . 
 
 At,tain, To gain ; to arrive at- Teneo, to hold. 
 Per,tain, to belong. Appertain, to belong to. 
 Sus,tain, to hold up. De,tain, to hold from. 
 Obtain, to acquire. Contain, to hold as a vessel. 
 
 abs-apper-per-con-de-sus-ob-re-At,tain-ed-ing. 
 con-unre-re-unsus-sus-unob-ob-Unat,tainable. 
 
 Di,vert, To turn off from ; to turn aside ; to amuse. Verto t 
 
 to turn ; di, from, or aside from, 
 Con,vert, to turn with or change. A,vert, to turn away. 
 Per, vert, to turn by, or from right. 
 
 a-ad-con-contro-in-intro-per-re-sub-DijVert-ed. 
 
 a-recon-con-in-per-retro-re-sub-trans-Di,version. 
 
 uncontro-unsub-una-unper-uncon-Undi,verted. 
 
 Af,firm, To assert positively. Con,firm, to ratify. 
 recon-con-reaf-misaf-Af,firm-ed-ation. 
 
 Migrate, To remove from one country or place to another. 
 Migro, to remove. 
 
 com-re-im-inter-re-trans-Migrate-ion. 
 Throne, A royal seat. Enthrone, to put on a throne. 
 
 de-disen-reen-en-Throne-ed. 
 
ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Ad,mit, To give leave to enter; to allow ; to- grant. 
 
 Mitto y to send or let go. Missus, sent. 
 Com,mit, to give in trust. E,mit, to send forth. 
 Per,mit, to allow. Inter,mit, to cease for a time. 
 Re,mit, to abate or lessen. Trans,mit, to send off to. 
 
 com-e-inter-o-per-re-manu- 
 trans-recom-read- 
 
 r Ad,mit-ted, Ad,mission. 
 
 Com,mand, To bid or direct. Mando, to bid. 
 De,mand, to claim. Re,mand, to call back. 
 Countermand, to give a contrary order. 
 
 counter-re-rede-de-Com,mand-ed-ing. 
 
 Diction, A speaking ; expressing ideas by words ; style or 
 
 manner. Dico, to speak. 
 bene-contra-inter-male-pre-vale-Diction. 
 
 De x vious, Going or departing from the right or common 
 way. de, from ; via, the way. 
 
 Per,vious, passing through. Ob,vious, evident. 
 
 t 
 unob-ob-imper-per-pre-De,vious. 
 
 Ex,ist, To have actual existence. Sis to, to stand. 
 
 coex-pre'e'x-Ex,ist-ent-ence . nonex-selfex-Ex,istence. 
 
 Eject, To choose out of. Lectus, chosen; e, out of. 
 
 Se,lect, to choose from. Collect, to bring together. 
 
 recol-col-preV-re'e'-se-E,lect-ed-ing-ion, 
 
 Pass, To go by ; to go from place to place. 
 
 Surpass, to go beyond. Compass, to go around, 
 com-over-sur-re-I/ass-ed-ing. m A able, 
 
 Jacent, Lying at length. Jacens. 
 ad-circum-inter-sub-Jacent. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 137 
 
 In,spect, To look into. Specio, spectum^ to see. 
 Ke,spect, to look back on with pleasure. 
 Circumspect, to look around ; prudent. 
 Sus,pect, to mistrust ; a looking under. 
 
 circum-intro-retro-rein-superin-In,spect-ion. 
 as-in-pro-disre-uncircum-Sus,pect. 
 
 Lateral, Pertaining to the side. Latus, a side. 
 bi-col-equi-multi-tri-uni-Lateral. 
 
 Petalous, Having petals. Flower leaves. 
 a-bi-mono-penta-poly-tetra-tri-Petalous. 
 
 Portion, A part or share* Proportion, a just share. 
 Apportion, to assign a just share to. 
 
 reap-ap-dispro-overpro-mispro -pro-Portion. 
 
 Complicate, To fold together ; to be complex, entangled. 
 Implicate, to mfold or involve, as in crime. 
 Explicate, to zmfold, or explain. 
 
 ex-im-tri-condu-redu-du-Com,plicate-ion. 
 
 Project, To cast forward ; to shoot forward ; to jut out. 
 Jacio, to throw or cast ; pro, forward. 
 
 ab-de-in-inter-ob-sub-e-re-Pro,ject-ion. 
 unde-unob-unre-unsub-une-unin-Unpro,jected. 
 Attenuate, To make thin, or less viscid. 
 
 Ex,tenuate, to lessen, as the guilt of a crime. 
 ex-At,tenuate-ed-ing-ion. 
 
 12* 
 
I 
 
 138 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 SECTION XLIII. 
 
 Confluence, A flowing together; the junction of rivers. 
 
 Fluo, to flow ; con, together. 
 Affluent, a flowing to, as in wealth. 
 af-re-circum-Con,fluence, Con,fluent, 
 De,spond, To be cast down.-ing-ingly-ent-ence-ency. 
 Dialogue, A conversation, or a piece spoken by two or 
 more persons. Prorogue, spoken ' before, and 
 Epi-logue, after a drama, or play. 
 Deca,logue, the ten commandments. 
 
 deca-epi-mono-pro-Dia,logue. Loquor, to speak. 
 Dis,pel, To scatter by force. Pello, Pulsum, to drive. 
 
 Com,pel, to force, or constrain. 
 
 com-ex-pro-re-Dis,pel, Dis,pulsion, Dis,pulsiye. 
 Ex,clude, To shut out. Claudo, to shut ; ex, out from. 
 
 Conclude, to infer from ; to determine ; to finish. 
 
 Se,clude, to separate from. Preclude, to debar. 
 
 con-in-pre-se-Ex,clude, Ex,clusion, Exclusive. 
 Ex.tort, To wrest from by force. Torqueo, to twist; ex, from. 
 
 Dis,tort, to twist out of shape. Con,tort, to writhe. 
 
 con-dis-Ex,tort-ed-ion. imex A ed. undis A ed. 
 Inscribe, To write in or on. Scribo, Scriptum, to write, 
 
 Prescribe, to direct Describe, to represent. 
 
 A,scribe, to impute to. Transcribe, to copy out. 
 
 circum-de-pre-sub-a-inter- } _ 
 
 > In,scnbe-ed, Inscription, 
 super-tran- ) 
 
 post-tran-Manu,script. 
 In,voke, To call upon ; to implore. Voco, to call. 
 
 Re,voke, to call back; to annul. Pro,voke, to call 
 
 forth, as anger. Con,voke, to call together. 
 con-pro-re-In,voke-ed-ation. unpro^d. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 139 
 
 As,sign, To sign over to ; to transfer to another. 
 , Con,sign, to give in charge to another. 
 
 re-recon-precon-con-As,sign-ed. 
 
 unas-misas-under-un-Signed. 
 Con,vene, To come together. Venio, to come. 
 
 contra-inter-super-Con,vene, Contention. 
 De,cline, To lean downward ; tendency to decay. Clino, to 
 lean ; de, down. 
 
 In,cline, to lean towards. Re,cline, to lean back. 
 
 disin-in-re-De,cline-ed-ing-ation. 
 De,bark, To go from on board a ship or boat. 
 
 Em,bark, to go on board. 
 
 re'e'm-disem-em-De,bark-ed-ation, 
 Ex,hibit, To present to view. Habeo, to hold ; ex, out. 
 
 In,hibit, to hold in, or restrain. 
 
 Pro,hibit, to hold before, or prevent. 
 
 pro-in-Ex-hibit-ed-ing-ion. unex A ed. 
 
 In, spire, To draw in the breath ; to infuse into the mind. 
 spiro, to breathe. 
 
 Ex,pire, to breathe out, or to die. 
 
 Ke,spire, to inhale air into the lungs. 
 
 ex-re-rein-In,spire-ed-ing-ation. unin^ti . 
 Per,spire, To sweat ; to emit fluids of the body through the 
 pores of the skin. Spiro. 
 
 Con,spire, to breathe together, or unite in a plot. 
 
 As,pire, to aim at, or desire. Tran,spire, to happen. 
 
 as-tran-con-Per,spire-ed-ing-ation. 
 Pre,vent, To come before ; to hinder. Venio, to come. 
 
 In,vent, a coming into the mind; to find out. 
 
 in-Pre,vent-ed-ing-ive-ion. 
 
 Im,port, To bring in, as goods from another country. 
 re'e'x-ex-trans-Im,port-ed-ation. 
 
140 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Ap,peal, To refer to the decision of another. 
 Re,peal, to revoke, annul or abrogate. 
 re-Appeal-ed-er-ing^able. unre A ed. irr enable. 
 Ac,cident, Falling to ; happening by chance. 
 
 Incident, Falling in ; casual. Cado, to fall. * 
 in-Ac-cident-al-ally. coin^. incoin^ 
 A,scend, To go up. Descend, to go down. Scando. 
 Condescend, To stoop to one of lower rank. 
 conde-de-reas-A,scend-ed-ing. conde-rea-A,scension. 
 As,sume, To take upon one's self. Sumo, to take. 
 Re,sume, to take back. Pre,sume, to suppose. 
 pre-re-reas-As-sume-ed-ing,As,sumption. 
 Conspicuous, Clearly seen. Specio, to see. 
 Perspicuous, clear to the understanding. 
 imper-per-incon-Con,spicuous-ly. 
 Democracy, A government by the people. Cratos, power, 
 
 Demos, the people. 
 
 auto-aristo-theo-Demo,c'racy, Demo,cratic-al. 
 De-trude, To thrust down. Trudo, to thrust ; de, down. 
 Pro,trude, to thrust forth. Ob,trude, to thrust on. 
 ex-in-ob-pro-De,trude-ed-ing,De,trusion. 
 In,here, To stick in ; to be fixed in. Haereo, to stick. 
 co-ad-In,here-ent-ence-ency,In,hesion. 
 inco-co-inad-ad-In,hesive-ly. 
 
 lm,pulse, Force impressed ; sudden effort. Pello, to drive. 
 Re,pulse, to drive back, Ap,pulse, to drive against. 
 ap-pro-re-retro-Im,pulsion,Impulsive. 
 Implicate, To blame. Sup,plicate, to implore. 
 
 Explicate, to unfold. Complicate, to involve. Plico, 
 
 to fold ; to wind or roll together. 
 com-du-ex-sup-Im,plicate-ed-ion. 
 In,flate, To swell with air.-ed-ing-ion. unin^ed. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 141 
 
 SECTION XLIV. 
 
 Charm or Becharm, To fascinate ; secret influence. 
 De, charm, to remove the charm. 
 
 counter-de-be-Charm-ed-ing. zm A ed. 
 Compact, Closely united ; an agreement. 
 
 Compact-ly-ness. ^7^ A . 
 Criminate, To charge with crime. Crimen, crime. 
 
 Ee,criminate, to charge back with crime. 
 
 re-Criminate-ed-ing-ion. w?i A ed 
 Engage, To promise or bind one's self. 
 
 dis-pre-re-Engage-ed-ing-ment. zm A ed. 
 Habitation, A residence ; place of abode. 
 
 Co,habit, to live together. In,habit, to dwell' in. 
 
 Habit- Ation-able . C ohabit-ed -ing-ation . 
 
 Inhabit-ed-ing-able-ant-ance. re A ed. wrc A ed. 
 Monition, A warning. Moneo, to warn. 
 
 pread-ad-pre-Monition , Monitory. 
 Opinion, Judgment formed by the mind. 
 
 mis-pre-self-Opinion. Opinor, to think. 
 Possess, To have just title to hold, or occupy. 
 
 dis-pre-re-Possess-ed-ing-ion. 
 Prison, A place in which to confine criminals, 
 
 Imprison, to put in prison. 
 
 re-Imprison-ed-ing-ment. zm A ed, 
 Sphere, An orb or globe ; circuit of motion. 
 
 semi-hemi-sphere-ic-ical. 
 Science, Knowledge. Scio, to know. 
 
 pre-omni-Science. 
 Venture, or Adventure, To risk or hazard. 
 
 ad-Venture-ed-ing-some-someness-ous-ously-ousness. 
 
ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Ab,scind, To tear or rend off. Scindo, to tear. 
 
 Ex,scind, and Inter,scind, to cut off. 
 
 ex-inter- Ab,scind-ed-ing. ?m&E A ed. 
 A,sperse, To bespatter with false charges ; to slander. 
 
 Intersperse, to scatter among, 
 
 dis-inter-A,sperse-ed-ing-ion. 
 Associate, To unite in company. Socio, to unite, 
 
 Con,sociate, to unite together, Dissociate, to part. 
 
 con-dis-disas-As,sociate-ed-ion. 
 Ac,claim, A shout of joy. CZamo, to cry out. 
 
 Ex,claim, to cry out. Proclaim, to utter openly. 
 
 De,claim, to speak an oration. Disclaim, to deny. 
 
 Ke,claim, to call back, as from error. 
 
 de-dis-ex-pro-re- Ac, claim, Acclamation. 
 Bi,sect, To cut into two parts. Secto, to cut. 
 
 dis-inter-Bi,sect-ed-ing-ion. 
 Con, cur, To agree ; to run together. Curro, to run. 
 
 Re,cur, to return, as thought to the mind. 
 
 re-Con, cur-rent-rence-rency-ring. Rule 6. 
 Con,vulse, To shake ; to agitate. Velio, to pull 
 
 Con,vulse-ed-ive-ively-ion. uncon^d. 
 Com,pose, To place together. Pono, to place. 
 
 Ex,pose, to lay open. De,pose, to put down. 
 
 de-ex-Com,pose-ed-er-ing-ition-itor. 
 Dis,pose, To place or put in order ; to incline. Pono. 
 
 Im,pose, to place on. Op,pose, to stand against. 
 
 im-op-Dis,pose-ed-er-ing-ition. 
 Pro,pose, To place before ; to offer. Re,pose, to lie at rest, 
 
 Sup,pose, to place under consideration. 
 
 re-sup-Pro,pose-ed-er-ing-al-ition. 
 Re,spect, Esteem ; due attention. Specio, to look. 
 
 Respect-ful-fully-able-ability-ably-less. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 143 
 
 Act, To put forth power ; to demean or behave ; any thing 
 done. Ago, Actum, to do, or set in motion, 
 
 Enact, to make, as laws. Transact, to do business. 
 
 counter-over-re' e'n-en-trans-Act-ed-ing-ion. 
 
 retro-sub- Action. Inact-ive-ively-iveness-ion. 
 Cede, To yield ; to give up. Cedo, to give place. 
 
 Proceed, to move forward. Swcceed, to move after. 
 
 Concede, to admit. Intercede, to mediate, 
 
 Accede, to agree to. Secede, to withdraw. 
 
 con-inter-re-ac-se-Cede-ed-ing, Cession. 
 Form, External shape; to shape. Forma, form. 
 
 bi-equi-mal-multi-omni-uni. Form, 
 
 Conform, to make like. Transform, to change. 
 
 re-trans-mis,Con,form-ation. 
 Fix, To make stable ; to put in order. Fixum, fixed. 
 
 Affix, to fix to. Infix, to fix in. Transfix, to pierce. 
 
 af-in-post-pre-suf-trans-un-Fix-ed. 
 Join, To connect; to combine. Jungo, to join. 
 
 mis-re-recon-con-read-ad-Join-ed-ing. 
 
 con-ad-dis-inter-sub-join, junction. 
 Judge, To examine and decide. Judex, a Judge. 
 
 ad-mis-fore-pre-Judge-ed-ing-ment- 
 Mix, To mingle together. Misceo, to mingle. 
 
 com-inter-Mix-ture. uninter-un-Mixed- 
 Prove, To try any thing ; to experience. 
 
 Approve, to commend. .Reprove, to rebuke. 
 
 Improve, to make^better. Improve, to refute. 
 
 disap-ap-dis-im-re-Prove-ed-ing. 
 
 unap-unim-unre-un-Proved. 
 Solve, To explain ; to loosen. Dissolve, to melt. 
 
 Absblve, to free from. .Resolve, to determine, 
 
 ab-dis-re-Solveed,Solution. 
 
144 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Efficient, Causing effects. Sufficient, enough. 
 De,ficient, wanting. Pro,ficient, progressing. 
 de-ef-pro-insuf-selfsuf-Suf,ficient, sufficiency. 
 External, outvvard.-ly. Internal, inward.-ly. 
 In,gress, A going in. Trans,gress, to cross or break a law. 
 Ag,gress, to go against first ; to attack or assail. 
 ag-di-e-pro-re-trans-In,gress-ion. 
 In,volve, To roll in, or envelop ; to imply, or comprise ; to 
 
 blend or mingle. Volvo, to roll. 
 con-circum-e-de-re-In,volve, involution. 
 Per,sist, To stand through, or to persevere. Sto, to stand. 
 Sub,sist, to stand under, or support ; to live. 
 sub-Per,sist-ed-ent-ence-ency. 
 
 Re,sist, to stand against. As,sist, to stand to ; to aid. 
 as-Re,sist-ed-ing-ant-ance. 
 Per,suade, To prevail on ; to influence by argument, or 
 
 entreaty. Stcadeo, to persuade. 
 mis-over-Persuade, Persuasion. 
 Perspective, Looking through. Specio, to see ; per, through. 
 
 pro-retro-Per,spective- ly. 
 
 Supervise, To oversee. Video, to see ; super, over. 
 Re,vise, To review; to re'e'xamine. 
 re-Super-vise-ed-ing-ion. unread. 
 Soliyagant, Wandering alone. Vagans, wandering. 
 
 extra-multi-noct-Soli,v'agant. 
 Sym,pathy, Pity ; fellow feeling ; compassion. 
 Pathos, feeling ; sym, for su?i, with. 
 a-anti-mono-eu-Sym,pathy. 
 Sym, phony, Harmony of sounds 
 
 eu-Sym,phony-ous-ously, Rule 3. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 145 
 
 Announce, To publish or proclaim to. 
 
 Pro,nounce, to utter words. Denounce, to threaten. 
 
 de-pro-An,nounce-ed. de-pro-An,nunciation. 
 BeneXolent, Kindness ; wishing well. Volo, to will. 
 
 male-Beney ol-Ent-ently-ence . 
 Com,placent, Civil ; softness of manners. 
 
 com,plac-Ent-ently-ency. Dis,placency, incivility, 
 De,plore, To lament Implore, to entreat. 
 
 im-De,plore-ed-ing-ingly. De,plore-able-ably. 
 Dis,till, To fall in drops ; to extract by heat. 
 
 Dis,till-ed-ing-ery-ation. Ex,till-ed-ation. 
 Ex,plode, To burst with force ; to reject. 
 
 Dis,plode, to burst asunder with force. 
 
 dis-Ex,plode-ed-ing. dis-Ex,plos-ion-ive. 
 Ex,pound, To explain. Profound, to propose. 
 
 pro-Ex,pound-ed-er-ing. imex^ed. 
 En,velop, To in wrap ; to cover. De,velop, to unc< 
 
 de-En,velop-ed-ing-ment, 
 
 Ef,face, To blot out, or impair an impression. 
 
 De,face, to mar the face, or surface. 
 
 de-Ef,face-ed-ing-ment, unef A ed. unde A ed. 
 Pre,varicate, To quibble, evade, or pervert. 
 
 Divaricate, to part into two branches. 
 
 di-Pre,varicate-ed-ing-ion. 
 Re,n'ovate, To renew. In,novate, to make changes. 
 
 in-Re,ri'ovate-ed-ing-ion-or. Novus, new. 
 Subsequent, Following in time or order. Sequor. 
 
 Consequent, following as a natural effect. 
 
 con-Sub,sequ-Ent-ently-ence. 
 Survive, To outlive. Ee,vive, to return to life. 
 
 re-Sur,vive-ed-ing-al. Vivo, to live. 
 Surplus, An excess of any thing. Overplus. 
 13 
 
146 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Abrogate, To claim to one's self. Rogo, to ask ; ar, to, 
 
 De,r'ogate, to take from. Abrogate, to repeal, 
 
 ab de-Ar,rogate-ed-ing-ion. De,rogatory-ly. 
 Ac,cord, To agree to. Con,cord, to agree with. 
 
 con dis-Ac,cord-ant-ance. Cor, the heart. 
 on,fess, To acknowledge. Pro,fess, to avow openly. 
 
 pro-Con,fess-ed-ing-ion. Dispro,fess. 
 Constant, Fixed ; steady. Sto, to stand ; con, with. 
 
 Circumstances, Condition ; state of things. 
 De,test, To abhor. Protest, to declare against. 
 
 pro-De,test-ed-ing-ation. unde^ed. unproved* 
 De,tect, To uncover, or find out. Project, to defend, 
 
 pro-De,tect-ed-or-ion. unde A ed. unproved. 
 Dif,fident, Wanting confidence; bashful. 
 
 Confident, having full belief ; bold. 
 
 con-Dif,fid-Ent-ently-ence. Over confident. 
 Im,pugn, To blame, Op,pugn, to oppose. 
 
 op-Im,pugn-ed-er-ing. unim^d. 
 In,flict, To lay on as a punishment. Fligo, to beat. 
 
 Af,flict, to put to pain. Con,flict, a striking ; a comba' 
 
 af-In,flict-ed-ing-ion-ive. unaf^ed. 
 In,sert, To set in among. Sero, to sow or plant 
 
 inter rein-Insert-ed-ing-ion. united. 
 Intricate, Entangled ; involved ; perplexed. 
 
 Ex,tricate, to disentangle ; to free from. 
 In^ricate-ly-cy.^ Ex,tricate-ed-ing-ble-ion, 
 Pre,side, To be set over. Re,side, to abide, or dwell. 
 
 re-Pre,side-ed-ing-ent-ericy. Nonresident. 
 Ke,strict, To confine within bounds ; to limit. 
 
 Con,steict, to bind together. Stringo, to bind. 
 
 con-Re, strict-ed-ing- ion, unread. 
 
 * Note under Rule 8. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 147 
 
 SECTION XLV. 
 
 Ally, To unite by treaty ; to form a union. 
 
 mis-Ally-ed-ing-ance. WTi A ed. Kule 3. 
 Caution, To warn ; to give notice of danger. 
 
 pre-Cau-xion-tioned-tionary-tious-tiously. 
 
 m A tious-tiously. zm A tious. overjious. 
 Distinct, A marked difference in things. 
 
 in-Distinct-ly-ness-ion. contrajion. 
 Honor, To revere or esteem ; dignity. 
 
 dis-Honor-ed-able-ably. un^ed. undis^. 
 Noble, Great ; exalted ; generous. Nobttis, noble. 
 
 Ennoble, to make noble. 
 
 Noble-y-ness. ' disen-en-ig-Noble. 
 Office, A charge; a particular duty or business. 
 
 Officious, intermeddling with. 
 
 Officiate, to perform the duties of. 
 
 Office-er-ial-ially-iate-ious-iously. 
 Organ, That through which something is done. 
 
 Organize, to adapt parts to each other. 
 . Disorganize, to derange the parts. 
 
 dis-re-Organize-ed-er-ing-ation. WTi A ed. 
 Promise, To pledge one's self. A pledge. 
 
 Compromise, a mutual promise of parties. 
 
 Promise-ed-ing-or-ee. un-com A ed. 
 Ponder, To muse, or weigh in the mind. 
 
 Ponderous, weighty ; heavy. 
 
 Ponder-ed-ous-ously-osity. over^pus. 
 Preponderate, To outweigh. -ed-ing-ance-ancy. 
 Solid, Hard ; firm ; sound ; substantial. 
 
 Consolidate, to make or become solid. 
 
 solid-ness-ity. cow A ate-ated-ation. 
 
148 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Al,lude, To refer to. Col,lude, to conspire in a fraud. 
 De,lude, To deceive. E,lude, to evade. Illude, to mock- 
 
 col-de-e-il-Al-lude-ed-ing. col-de-e-il-Al,lus-ion-ive. 
 Agent, An actor ; that which has power to produce effects. 
 
 Ago, to do; Actum, done. 
 
 co-sub-under- Agent. 
 Ex,it, a going out ; departure. Eo, to go ; ex, out. 
 
 circu-preter-Ex,it. 
 
 Ex,tend, To stretch in any direction ; to expand ; to spread. 
 Tendo, to stretch. 
 
 Ex,tend-ed-ing. Ex,ten-sive-sively-siveness-tion. 
 
 Dis,tend y To dilate or spread-ed-ing. 
 
 At, tend, To direct the mind to.-ed-ant-ance. 
 
 Con, tend, To strive against. -ed-er-ing. 
 De,fer, To put off ; to postpone. Fero, to bear ; de, from. 
 
 De,fer-red-rer-ring. See Rule 6. 
 Re,fer, To appeal to.-red-ring-able-ence.^ 
 
 In,fer, to draw from. Con,fer, to consult- 
 
 con-in-Re^er-red-ring-ence.^ 
 Pif,fer, To disagree. -ed-ing-ent-ence-entia!. 
 
 Of,fer, to bring before.-ed-ing. 
 
 Prof,fer, to offer for acceptance. -ed-ing. 
 
 Suf,fer, to undergo, as pain,-ed-er-ance-able. 
 Pre,fer, To regard first, as more worthy, or better. 
 
 Pre,fer-red-ring-ence^-ment-able-ably. 
 Apprehend, To take or seize ; to understand ; to fear. 
 
 Apprehen-red-sive-sively-siveness-sion-sible. 
 Comprehend, To contain ; to include. 
 
 Comprehen-Ded-sive-sively-siveness-sion-sible. 
 Exterminate, To put an end to ; to destroy. 
 
 Exterminate-ed-ing-ion-or. un A ed. 
 
 * When the place of accent changes, the consonant is not doubled. 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 149 
 
 Appreciate, To set value on. De,preciate, to lessen value. 
 
 de-Ap,preciate-ed -ing-ion, unap^ed.. unde^ed. 
 Anticipate, To take before ; to forestall. Capio, to take. 
 
 Participate, To share with others. 
 
 parti- Anti,c'ipate-ed- ing- ion. unanti^ed. 
 Apo,gee, That point of a planet's orbit farthest from the 
 
 earth. Peri,gee, that point nearest, &c. 
 De,precate, To regret, to pray against. Precor, to pray. 
 
 Im,precate, to pray for evil on ; to invoke evil. 
 
 im-De,precate-ed-ing-ion. unde^ed. 
 De,mise, To convey by will. Mitto, to send, de t down. 
 
 Ke,mise, to give back, by deed ; to release. 
 De,s'ultory, Leaping or passing from topic to topic. 
 
 Ke,sult, to leap back ; to ensue. Salio, to leap. 
 
 Ke,sult-ed-ing. De,sultory-ly. 
 E,vince, To prove in a clear manner. 
 
 Con,vince, to satisfy the mind by evidence. 
 
 Con,vict, to prove guilty. Vinco, to overcome, 
 
 con-Evince-ed-ible. Con,vict-ed-ing-ion. 
 Epidemic, A general disease on the people. 
 
 En,demic, a disease in certain places. 
 Ex,ecrate, To curse, or denounce evil against. 
 
 De,s'ecrate, to divert from a sacred purpose. 
 
 Con,secrate, to devote to a sacred purpose. Sacer, holy. 
 
 de-con-Ex,ecrate-ed-ing-ion. 
 Proli,f ic, Producing ; productive. Omni,fic, 
 
 producing all things. Facio, to make. 
 Ke,p'rehend, To chide, reprove or blame. 
 
 Re,prehend-ed. Re,prehen-sive-sion. frre A sible. 
 Suc,cinct, Brief; compressed. Cingo, to gird. 
 
 Suc,cinct-ly-ness. Pre,cinct, the limit or bounds. 
 Ex,trinsic, External. Intrinsic, internal. 
 
150 ANALYSIS OF THE 
 
 Ac,cuse, To blame, or charge with an offence. 
 Ac,cuse-ed-er-ing-ation-atory. unac^di. 
 Ex,cuse, to free from blame. -ed-ing-able. 
 A, vail, To effect the object. Valeo, to be strong. 
 A,vail-ed-ing-able-ably-ability. unajng, 
 Prevail, to overcome.-ed-ing-ingly. unprejng* 
 As, sent, To agree to. Sentio, to think. 
 Dissent, not to agree ; to disagree. 
 As,sent-ed-ing. Dis,sent-ed-ing-er. 
 At,test-ed-ing-or-ation. unat A ed. 
 
 Congest, to strive with.-ed-ing-able. 
 Com,plex, Difficult ; composed of parts. 
 Com,ple*-ity-ly-ness. Plexus, twisted. 
 Per,plex, to puzzle ; to confuse. -ed-ing-ity. 
 Complete, To finish, or finished. Pleo, to fill. 
 jRe,plete, full, or filled.-ion-ive. 
 De,plete, to empty.-ed-ing-ion-ory. m A ed. 
 De,flect, To turn from a right line. Flecto, to bend 
 De,flect-ed-ing-ion. Ke,flect-ed-ion. 
 Tn,flect, to bend in.-ed-ion-ive. 
 Ac,quire, To obtain or gain. Queer o, to seek. 
 Ac,quire-ed-ing-ment Acquisition. 
 Re,quire, to ask for ; to exact.-ed-ment. 
 ln,quire, to ask about.-ed-ing-ingly. 
 In,fuse, To pour in ; to instill, as principles. 
 In,fuse-ed-ing-ion-ible-ibility. united.. 
 Con,fuse, to blend things; to derange.-ed-ion. 
 Pro,fuse, lavish. -ly-ness-ion. 
 Af,fusion, a pouring on. Ef,fusion, a pouring out. 
 Diffuse, to pour out and spread. -ion-ive. 
 LEARN the meaning of, Grapho, Logos, Metrum and 
 
ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 151 
 
 Bio,g'raphy, The history of the life and character of any 
 particular person. Grapko, to write, to describe, or 
 to engrave. Bio, for bios, life ; hence the common 
 definer, The writing of, or describing, joined with 
 the import of each prefix, 
 biblio-chrono-cosmo-geo- 1 
 hydro-choro-topo-zoo'- J Bio.g raphy-or-ic-jcal. 
 
 Steno,g'raphy, The Art of writing short hand. The art of. 
 
 chiro-ortho-typo. Steno,g'raphy-er-ic. 
 Astro,!' ogy, The science which teaches to judge of the 
 influence of the stars, and foretell future events. 
 Logos, a word or discourse, and aster, a star, or 
 astron, a constellation of stars. Hence the common 
 definer, The science of, or the discoursing of. 
 chrono-cosmo-geo. Astro,logy-ist. 
 chiro-entomo-mytho-pyro-hydro- 1 
 
 osteo-physio-zoo-theo- \ OniithoJ'ogy-irt. 
 
 Chrono,m'eter, An instrument that measures time, as a clock 
 or watch. Metrum, a measure, and ckrono, time. 
 Hence with each prefix the common definer is, An 
 instrument for measuring , (what the prefix denotes.) 
 hydro-helio-pyro-stereo-thermo-Chrono,m'eter. 
 Tri,g'on,om'etry, The measuring of angles. Geo. 
 Homicide, The slaying or killing of one man by another. 
 Ccedo, to slay or kill. Homo, a man. Hence each 
 prefix denotes what is slain. 
 ^ dei-fratri-infanti-matri-parri- 3 
 
 sorori-sui-tyranni-regi- \ Hoo,cide. 
 
 * Dei, implies a god. Fratri, a brother. Infanti, an infant. Matri, 
 a mother. Parri, a parent. Regi, a king. Sui, one's self. Sorori, a 
 sister. Tiranni, a tyrant. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 No. I. 
 
 Origin of some of the Prefixes and Suffixes. 
 
 THE greater part of the prefixes in the English language, come to us 
 from the Latin and Greek. In those languages, they are separable, or 
 inseparable prepositions. Very little difference exists in their inde- 
 pendent signification, or conjunct influence, as used in our language, or 
 in those languages whence they are derived. Their extent of applica- 
 tion gives them a commanding influence. Hence the importance of a 
 distinct understanding of all those small words, so extensively inter- 
 woven in the formation of our derivative words. 
 
 The suffixes are of a more doubtful origin , yet their common import, 
 as appended to words, can be obtained with sufficient precision, to 
 answer the more important purposes of this work. Nor is it very 
 material in this case, whether we can or cannot decide unequivocally 
 on their origin, provided we can be satisfied how their application does 
 change, alter, or modify the import of words, according to established 
 usage. Although such inquiry is not necessarily connected with this 
 work, yet we will give some general view, both as to fact and proba- 
 bility, of their derivations. 
 
 ER. When it signifies a .person, as in Lover, Farmer, &c., IB 
 considered to be a contraction of the Saxon wer, which signifies, 
 a Man. Hence, Lover implies a Man, or person who loves. 
 
 OR. Is derived from the Latin. Er and or, go far in distinguishing 
 Saxon and Latin derivations* 
 
 ESS. Is probably of Hebrew origin, yet many derivatives in or 
 from Latin, take ess, to distinguish the gender, as Actor, Actress, 
 generally dropping the Towel which precedes r. 
 
154 APPENDIX. 
 
 Y. When the final letter is thought to be the equivalent of the 
 German ei 9 and gives at least three different senses to words. 
 
 1. It expresses a condition, as Slave, Slaver, Slavery. 
 
 2. A place where something is done or kept, as Factor, Factory, 
 Armor, Armory. 
 
 3. The possession of something, as weal, wealth, wealthy. 
 
 LY. Is a contraction of like, derived from the German Zzc/t.' We 
 say either death4ifce, or deathZy. God-fo'/ce, or GodZy, but always 
 goodZy, and always war-ZtVce. 
 
 TY. Is derived from Lat. as Pietas, whence Piety, Levitas, Levity, 
 Serenitas, Serenity, Civilitas. 
 
 FY, FIT, FIC. Have a, common origin, which is the contraction of 
 Facio, or Fio, to make or become. Fructify is a contraction of 
 Fructus and Facio, to make fruitful Deify, &c. Deus and Facio. 
 
 ABLE and *BLE. Home Tooke thinks are taken from the Gothic 
 word 6 abal,' implying power, strength, or ability. 
 
 JLlle. and ible, are also common in Latin. 
 
 TIVE. Is borrowed from the Lat. Tivus as Navitus, Native, 
 Nominativus, Nominative, Genitivus. 
 
 ic. Is a contraction, as it is thought, from the Greek ikos, as 
 Kritikos, Critic. Some however are from Lat. and French. 
 
 TION, SIGN. Are derived from Lat. and in many instances differ in 
 signification very little from ' ing, 9 as in Education, or Educating*. 
 When the Latin Supine, whence they are borrowed, ends in turn, we 
 spell tion, but when the Supine is sum, we spell sion. 
 
 Lat. Motum, Conventum, Formatum, Collectum. 
 
 En. Motion, Convention, Formation, Collection. 
 
 Lat. Aversum, Submersum, Incursum, Adhesum. 
 
 En. Aversion, Submersion, Incursion, Adhesion. 
 
 Others are formed from Lat. nouns, by the addition of n to the nom. 
 case, as Nalio, Statio Nation, Station. 
 
 ANCE. 1 These six terminations have evidently grown out of the 
 
 ENCE. pres. part. nom. case of Lat. verbs, because the spelling 
 
 ANCY. of each, agrees with the four conjugations. The first, 
 
 ENCY. J with few exceptions, has ance. The second and third, 
 
 ANT. ence, and the fourth, ience. Lat. first. Conj. Affirm- 
 
 ENT. J am, Accordans, Circumstons. En. Affirmance, Accord- 
 ance, Circumstance. 
 
APPENDIX. 155 
 
 Second and third conj. Tenders, Agens, Ardens, Insolvens. En. 
 Tendency, Agency, Ardency, Insolvency. 
 
 Fourth ronj. Audieras, Convemens, Obediens, Experiens. En. 
 Audience, Convenience, Obedience, Experience. 
 
 Lat. Dissonance, Dependeras, Delinquews, Expediens. 
 En. Dissonant, Dependent, Delinquent, Expedient 
 This f&ct, if duly regarded by the classical scholar, would prevent 
 any mistakes in spelling words of this description. 
 ME NT. } Are admitted to be of French origin. Ment, is exten- 
 AGE. 5 sively used. 
 
 ATE. There is a numerous class of words having this termination, 
 which hi form exactly agrees with the Imp. mode of Lat* verbs second 
 person, plural, and the Lat. perf. part, vocative case; yet in significa- 
 tion, there is little or no analogy. It is now an English termination, 
 common to words of Lat. derivation, as Accelerate, Obliterate, Deliber- 
 ate, Demonstrate, Accommodate, &c. 
 
 D. In such words as Multiplicand, Dividend, Subtrahend, Legend, 
 Reverend, &c. is evidently a contraction, of the Lat. dus, or dum, as 
 Legend! for LegenoVs, &c, 
 
 ABLE. Is derived from the Latin habilis, and sometimes spelled, 
 ible. 
 
 EN. Is derived from the Saxon an, through the German, en, and 
 was originally equivalent to our particle to, of the Infinitive mode. 
 Amongst the Saxons, en and n, were used in common with ed, as par- 
 ticipial terminations, as Craven, Heaven, Barren, for Craved, Heaved, 
 Barrel ; both are retained by established usage. We now say given 
 instead of gived; or we make use of either, as Engraven, or engraveo 1 ; 
 yet by far the most numerous class of words retain ed exclusively. 
 T is often used like en for ed, as buiU for buildec?. 
 
 me. Is derived from German, and implies possession, as Bishopric. 
 POM. Is from the German thum, implying a collection of things. 
 ING. Is taken from the German ung. 
 
 LING and KIN. Are also borrowed from the German, and are com- 
 monly used as diminutives, as Duckling, a little Duck. Lamb&in, 
 a little Lamb. 
 
 HOOD. Is also borrowed from German, as Boyhood, Priesthood, 
 expressing a state or condition. 
 
 ISH. Is the substitute for the German, isch. 
 
156 APPENDIX. 
 
 SOME. Probably may have come from the German sam. 
 
 FUL. Is derived from the German voll. 
 
 LESS. Is also from the German los. 
 
 ED. While a great portion of our verbs derived from the Saxon, are 
 very irregular, as drink, swim, fling, &c., those of Latin origin are 
 pretty uniformly marked by the regular [addition of ed, to their imper- 
 fect, and participle. 
 
 SHIP. Seems to be borrowed from some word, implying to shape, or 
 do something, as Friendship, Fellows/itp, &c. 
 
 NESS. Is doubtless from the German Tim. 
 
 AL. May be considered of Latin origin. 
 
 AR, and ORY. Are also derived from the Latin. 
 
 IZE, IST, ISM. Are of Greek derivation. 
 
 URE. Is from the Latin. 
 
 UDE, TUBE. Are also from the Latin. 
 
 OID. Is derived from the Greek, eidos. 
 
 ous. Is taken from the Latin. 
 
 There can be little doubt, that most, if not all, the important termina- 
 tions in our language, were once significant words, or a contraction of 
 such words. Could this be precisely ascertained, it would furnish a 
 most perfect development of the true genius of our language. 
 
 No. II. 
 
 A FEW words analyzed more particularly, which may excite the 
 scholar to a further examination into the structure of words in general. 
 Anniversary, is from annus, a year, and versus, a turning or returning. 
 
 Hence the import, returning with the year, or a yearly celebration. 
 Animadvert, is from vertus, turning, animus, the mind, .ad, to. 
 
 Whence comes the meaning to consider, &c. 
 Apostate, gr., is Apo, from or off, and stas, standing. Hence one who 
 
 has departed from. 
 
 Atmosphere, gr. Atmos, vapor, and sphaira, round or sphere. 
 Alphabet. The first two Greek letters, alpha, beta. 
 Agriculture. Ager agri, a field, and cultura, tillage. 
 Apode, gr. j3, privative, meaning without, and pous, a foot. Whence 
 
 apode is without feet, like a fish. Po/ypode, an/ipodes. 
 
APPENDIX. 157 
 
 Apology, gr. Jlpo, from or off, and logos, a word. Hence excusing. 
 Blaspheme, gr. Blax, nefarious or impious, and phemi, to speak. 
 Conjugal. Con, with or together, and jugum, a yoke, meaning yoked 
 
 together, or married. 
 
 Constant, distant, circumstance. Con, means together or with, di, 
 separated or apart, and circum, around. Stans, is standing ; 
 whence constant, is standing together, or fixed, firm, steady, &c. 
 Distant, standing apart ; whence it implies remote, reserved, &c. 
 So good circumstances is being surrounded by every thing needful. 
 Consequences, subsequent. Con, with, sub, under or after. Sequens, 
 following. Then, consequences are what follow in connection 
 with, but si^sequent is what follows after. 
 Cataract, gr. Kata, against, and rasso, to dash. 
 Confident, diffident, infidel, and perfidy, all from^cfes orfidens, mean- 
 ing faith, trust, &c., modified by the prefixes, con, dif, in, and per. 
 Concomitant, is from comes, a companion, and comes is from COTI and 
 co, to go with; con, repeated, implies a repetition of meaning, as 
 going and coming together, or a continued union. 
 Disease. From dis and ease, a deprivation of ease. 
 Dismal. Mains, evil, dies, day, hence dire, horrid, gloomy. 
 Despise. Specio, to look, de, down, as with contempt. 
 Decapolis. Deca, ten, polis, a city. 
 
 Desultory, insult, exult, result. De, down or from, in, in or on, 
 ex, out, re, again or back, and salio, to leap. Then desultory, is 
 leaping or passing abruptly from one subject to another. Insult, 
 leaping on, or gross abuse. JEomlt, leaping out, or excessive joy ; 
 and result, leaping back, or a consequence following. 
 Devious, previous, pervious. De, from, via, the way; whence, out 
 of the way, wandering. So pre, before, and per, by or through, 
 give the different imports. 
 Divide. From the obsolete word, viduo, to separate, di, apart. Then 
 
 individual is one undivided person or thing. 
 
 Disaster. Dis, separation, astron, from his star. The ancients sup- 
 posed the star under which a person was born governed his desti- 
 ny ; hence, disaster comes to mean ill-luck, misfortune. 
 Democrat, gr. Demos, the people, and Kratos, power ; whence a 
 popular government. 
 14 
 
158 APPENDIX. 
 
 Discrepancy. Crepo, to crackle or jingle, dis, asunder ; hence the im- 
 port, disagreement of parts, like jingling asunder. 
 
 Expedite. Ex, and pes pedis, a foot. To facilitate, &c. 
 
 Epilepsy, gr. Epi, upon, and lambano, to leap, as a fit. 
 
 Equivocate. Equus, alike or equal, and vocatus, called ; whence the 
 meaning becomes doubtful, uncertain. 
 
 Evidence. Video, to see or discover, e, out, or elucidate. 
 
 Epidemic, gr. Epi, upon, Demos, the people. 
 
 Fluent, affluent, superfluous, and influence, are all from fiuo, to flow, 
 modified by their prefixes. 
 
 Geography, gr. Ge, the earth, and grapho, to write. 
 
 Geometry, gr. Ge and metreo, to measure. 
 
 Infant. -For, to speak, makes fans, speaking ; in means not, then an 
 infant, is one not able to speak or use language. 
 
 Metropolis, gr. Meter, a mother, and polls, a city. 
 
 Monotony, gr. Monos, one or alone, and tonos, a tone or sound. 
 
 Manage. Manus, the hand, and age, from ago, to do. 
 
 Monopolize, gr. Monos, alone, and^o/eo, to buy. 
 
 Monarch, gr. Monos and archos, a chief. 
 
 Mancipate, to enslave. Manus, the hand, and capio, to take. 
 
 Orb, from or bis, a spherical body ; orbit, the curve line in which it 
 moves. Then exorbitant, is departing from the usual track or 
 course. 
 
 Order, from ordo, makes extraordinary. 
 
 Prophet, gr. Pro, before, and phemi, to speak. 
 
 Period, gr. Peri, around, and odos, a way or road. Then a periodi- 
 cal, is what goes the rounds at stated times. 
 
 Providence. Pro, and videns, seeing before. 
 
 Peregrinate. Ager, agri, a field, and hence peregrinate, to travel 
 through the country. 
 
 Pennsylvania. Penn, the name of the founder, and sylva, a wood. 
 
 Pedagogue, gr. Pais, a child, and agogos, a leader. 
 
 Preposterous. Posterus, from post, after, and pre, before ; hence, it 
 means putting that first which should be last, or absurd. 
 
 Repugnant. Pugnans, fighting, re, back ; or opposite, contrary. 
 
 Roborant, strengthening, from robur, oak of the hardest kind, and cor 
 for eon, makes corroborate, to confirm. 
 
APPENDIX. 159 
 
 Sympathy, gr. Syn, for sun, means with, and pathos, suffering, then 
 it means suffering with, or fellow feeling. Apathy, without feel- 
 ing. JL wfa'pathy, opposition of feelings. 
 
 Synod, gr, Syn, for sun, and odos, a way or road. 
 
 Synopsis, gr. Syn and opsis, the sight ; whence one view. 
 
 Supercilious. Super, above, cilium, the eye-brow, or haughty. 
 
 Sincere. Sine, without, cera, wax ; whence, unmixed, pure. 
 
 Universe. Versus, a turning, unus, into one ; a collective whole. 
 
 Vague. Vagus, wandering, extra, beyond, making eatfra-vagant. 
 
 No. III. 
 
 IMPORTANCE of knowing Latin words, or of understanding that 
 language. 
 
 From the vast number of Latin words which have either in whole or 
 in parts become incorporated with the English language, much benefit 
 is derived from a knowledge of their primitive import. In most cases 
 they give that turn to the English signification, which accords with their 
 original meaning. Hence, the primary signification of such Latin roots 
 as are extensively involved in the composition of our language, must 
 necessarily furnish an important auxiliary in determining the true im- 
 port of all such English words. 
 
 For instance, the verb/acio, with its supine factum, whose simple 
 primitive meaning is to do, to make, or to cause, enters in some form 
 into the composition of more than 500 of our English words ; and in ev- 
 ery case imparts more or less of its original signification. A knowledge, 
 therefore, of the meaning of that verb and its supine, with the ability to 
 distinguish its combination in any word, must of necessity aid the schol- 
 ar in a more perfect comprehension of the true import of all English 
 words, of which this is a component part. 
 
 This is a consideration fully equivalent for learning the primitive 
 meaning of facio, factum. The same is true to a very great extent in a 
 vast multitude of Latin primitives. Much would be gained by commit- 
 ting Latin primitives as they occur. 
 
 Words of Greek origin, while they furnish a fruitful source of deriva- 
 tion, are by no means as numerous or important as those of Latin. 
 
160 APPENDIX. 
 
 We will subjoin a few of the most prominent words in Greek and 
 Latin, with something near the number of their several combinations in 
 the formation of English words, viz : 
 
 Facio, Factum, 500 ; Pono, Positum, 250 ; Plico, 200 ; Fero, La- 
 tum, 198 ; Specie 177 ; Mitto, Missum, 174 ; Teneo, Tentum, 168 ; 
 Capio, Captum, 197 ; Tendo, Tensum, Tentum, 162 ; Duco, Ductum, 
 156 ; Logos, gr. 156 ; Grapho, gr. 152. These twelve words enter in 
 some shape into the composition of nearly 2500 English words. 
 
 From 154 Greek and Latin primitives which have been examinedj in 
 reference to this point, it is found that not far from 13,000 English 
 words receive more or less of their component parts, characterizing the 
 English signification to a greater or less extent. 
 
 No. IV. 
 
 A few Greek compounds analysed. 
 
 Astronomy is composed of nomos, a law, and astron, a star. 
 Analysis is composed oflusis, a loosing, ana, again. 
 Antipode is composed of anti, opposite to, pous, a foot. 
 Anatomy is composed of tome, cutting, ana, through. 
 Chronology : logos, a word or discourse, chronos, time. 
 Democracy : kratos, the power, demos, the people. 
 Euphony : eu, good or agreeable, phone, sound. 
 Epitaph : epi, upon, taphos, a tomb. 
 Geography : grapho, describing, ge, the Earth. 
 Monarch : arche, a chief, monos, alone. 
 Oxygen : gennao, to produce, oxus, acid. 
 Philanthropy : philos, a lover, anthropos, of man. 
 Polytechnics : poly, many, techne, Art. 
 Phrenology : logos, a discoursing, phren, the mind. 
 Syllable : lambano, taken, sun, together. 
 Synthesis : tithe-mi, to put or place, sun, together. 
 Sympathy : pathos, feeling or suffering, sun, with. 
 Thermometer : metron, a measure, and thermos, warmth. 
 Telescope : skopeo, to spy, telos, the end. 
 Epidemic : epi, upon, demos, the people. 
 Orthography : grapho, writing, orthos, right. 
 
APPENDIX. 161 
 
 Apogee : apo, from, ge, the Earth. 
 
 Aphelion : a, from helios, the sun. 
 
 Hydraulics : hudor, water, and aulus, a pipe.- 
 
 Hydrophobia : phobeo, fear, hudor, water. 
 
 Polyglot : poly, many, glotta, tongue or language. 
 
 Asteroid : eidos, like, astron, a star. 
 
 Archipelago : arche, chief, pelagos, sea. 
 
 Amphibious : amphi, about or both, bios, life. 
 
 Prognostic : gnoo, to know, pro, before. 
 
 Diagonal : dia, through, gonia, the angle. 
 
 Trigonometry : metreo, to measure, treis, three, gonia, angles. 
 
 Isosceles : isos, equal, skelos, legs. 
 
 Apostacy : istemi, to stand, apo, from . 
 
 Rhinoceros : keras, a horn, rhin, nose. 
 
 Autocrat : kratos, power, autos, one's self. 
 
 Monk : monos, one alone. 
 
 Polynesia : polus, many, and nesos, an isle. 
 
 No. V. 
 GENERAL AND SPECIAL RULES 
 
 FOR 
 
 PRONOUNCING THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, 
 
 Deduced from the composition of the words themselves, and in most cases, giving 
 an infallible Rule by which to determine on what syllable the MAIN accent 
 should fall. This point being settled, the places of the semi-accents cannot be 
 mistaken. 
 
 EXPLANATIONS. 
 
 By the root of a word, we mean that part which belongs exclusively 
 to the primitive form, and is not combined with any other word, sylla- 
 ble, or letter ; as press. 
 
 By a separable prefix, we mean that part which may be taken from 
 the primitive root, and leave a significant English word ; as from 
 impress, im may be thus taken. 
 
162 APPENDIX. 
 
 By an inseperable prefix, is meant, such combination of a word, syl- 
 lable, or letter, with the root, that as an English word, a separation of 
 the parts would destroy the English signification of both ; as depute, 
 which, in Latin, is composed of de, and puto, but in English they may 
 not be separated. 
 
 The classical scholar will readily distinguish what are prefixes, at 
 sight ; and the English scholar, by a little attention, can do the same. 
 Penult, means the last syllable but one. 
 Antepenult, is the last syllable but two. 
 
 It is believed that the following Rules will not only contribute to 
 uniformity in pronunciation, but aid in settling the disputed accent of 
 many words. 
 
 I. General Rule. Words of two syllables, the first of which is a 
 separable, or inseparable prefix, commonly take the accent on the 
 second : as de-b'ase, pro-claim ; but if the first syllable partakes of 
 the root, the accent generally falls on the first ; as u'r-gent, t'al-ent* 
 
 NOTE. This rule has an extensive application, and the main exceptions ae 
 found in those words which may be used either as nouns or verbs. When used 
 as nouns, the accent, in most cases, rests on the first syllable 5 as, an e'x-tract, 
 his c'on-duct; but when used as verbs, the accent commonly falls on the second-, 
 as, to ex-tr'act, to con-d'uct. 
 
 1st Rule. All words of one syllable, becoming words of two sylla- 
 bles, by adding the following single suffixes, as seen italicised in the 
 examples, invariably retain the accent on the first syllable, viz: 
 art-ist fear-ful just-zee serv-ant 
 
 boy-hood form-al learn-eo* solv-ent 
 
 clear-ance fool-ish mass-ive tru-zsm 
 
 class-ic frai\-ty peer-age town-ship 
 
 duke-rfom farm-er pomp-ows tire-sowe 
 
 drunk-arc? flux-iora pave-ment team-ster 
 
 dark-era good-wess press-wre walk-ing 
 
 beast-Zi/ hope-Zess penn-afe 
 
 2d Rule. All words of one syllable, becoming words of three or 
 four syllables, by the addition of the following combined suffixes, as 
 italicised, always retain the main accent on the first syllable, viz : 
 act-ively faith-fulness just-ify shame-lessness 
 
 act-uate fals-ifiable \earn-edly shagg-edness 
 
 act-iveness fawn-ingly \ove-liness scar-ifying 
 
A PP EN DIX , 
 
 163 
 
 brut-alize fix-edness loath-someness sweet-ening 
 
 cure-lessly fault-% loue-somely sens-itively 
 
 clown-ishly fat-alism lax-ative san-ativeness 
 
 chi\d-ishness form-alist pay-able sens~ibly 
 
 charm-ingness fruit-ery rjeace-ably teud-ency 
 
 class-ically \\ard-ened pomp-ously verb-ally 
 
 change-ableness joy-fully pomp-owswm dust-mess 
 
 3d Rule. All words of three or more syllables, ending in ability, 
 ibility, ical, ity or ety, have the main accent, invariably, on the 
 antepenult ; as sensibility, economical, curiosity. 
 
 NOTE. When two vowels come together in words ending in ity, the one 
 under accent is always long, as De'ity. \fone consonant intervene, all are short 
 except u; as 1'evity. If two consonants intervene, u is short ; as cu'rvity. 
 
 4th Rule. All that numerous class of words consisting of no more 
 than three syllables, the last letter of which is y, not preceded by a 
 vowel, as in attorney, nor mute e before ly, as in profusely, are very 
 uniformly accented on the first syllable, asfe x lony, a'rtery. 
 
 5th Rule. All words ending in tion, sion, ion, cious, tious, ciate, 
 tiate, cient, tient, tial, tia, cian, cial, cia, ceous, geous, gious, andgeon, 
 when pronounced in one syllable, invariably take the main accent on 
 the syllable preceding those terminations ; as confederation. Nothing 
 but ity after al, in words in ion, ever removes the accent ; as na'tion, 
 national , nationality. 
 
 NOTE. When the above terminations are preceded by a vowel, it is very 
 uniformly long} as -loqua'cious, unless it be z, which is as uniformly short ; as 
 ambition. 
 
 6th Rule. All words of three or more syllables, having the following 
 terminations, viz. cracy, gamy, graphy, logy, machy, metry, nomy, 
 phony, pathy, tomy, thropy, lysis, ferous, gerous, vorous, always take 
 the accent on the antepenult, as : 
 
 ana'tomy geo'graphy theo x logy armrgerous 
 
 antipathy democracy poly x gamy pesti x ferous 
 
 astro x nomy geo x metry philanthropy carni x vorous 
 
 analysis theo x machy sym x phony 
 
 NOTE. No change in the above terminations, as astronomy into astronomer, 
 &c.$ nor any addition of prefixes or suffixes, except cian, ial, and ic, ever 
 changes Ihe place of accent. 
 
164 APPENDIX. 
 
 7th Rule. All words ending in ics, (politics excepted,) are accented 
 on the penult ; as op'tics, mechanics. 
 
 8th Rule. Words ending in ic when a suffix, and with few excep- 
 tions when otherwise, are accented on the penult ; as dram'atic, 
 alphabetic. 
 
 NOTE. The suffix ic, when added to words of more than one syllable, always 
 changes the place of accent-, as m'ethod, meth'odic; except in six cases, as 
 ch'oleric. 
 
 9th Rule. All words of two syllables, ending in le, including no 
 other vowel in the same syllable, are always accented on the first, as 
 c'ircle ; but if the word consist of more than two syllables, the accent, 
 with few exceptions, falls on the antepenult; as a'rticle. 
 
 NOTE. The suffixes able and ible never fall under this rule, except the word 
 a'-ble. Words of two syllables frequently add r, as c'obbler; but never change 
 the accent. 
 
 10th Rule. Words of three or more syllables, ending in ate, with a 
 single consonant between the vowel of the penult syllable and ate, 
 (including cr and tr,) or with no consonant intervening, take the 
 accent on the antepenult; as fab-ri-cate, re-t'al-i-ate, c'on-se-crate. 
 But if two consonants, other than cr and tr intervene, the accent is on 
 the penult; as in-c'ar-nate. 
 
 NOTE. The exceptions are, magistrate, 1'egislate, p'otentate, p'eregrinate, 
 and a few words always known by the doubling of I. 
 
 REMARK. This is evidence that contemplate, compensate, and 
 such words of disputed accent, should come under the rule of double 
 consonants. Words in ate often drop e, and take ion, adding a sylla- 
 ble, and changing the accent; as e'm-u-late, em-u-1'a-tion. Rule 5. 
 
 llth Rule. Words in ment of three or more syllables, ending the 
 penult in ize, uh, or a vowel, take the accent on the antepenult, as 
 banishment; but if the penult end with a consonant, mute e, or a 
 dipthong, the accent rests on the penult, as department, confinement, 
 enj'oyment. 
 
 NOTE. The exceptions are but few, and easily distinguished. Al, ary, and 
 ative, always bring the accent to ment, as a'liment, al-ary, argument. 
 
 12th Rule. All words of three syllables in able, ible, ably, ibly, 
 and all words of four syllables, in ableness, ibleness, are accented on 
 the first, as m'ovable, bl'amableness. 
 
 13th Rule. All words in tive, preceded by a single consonant, mp 
 or nc, and all words in ive, preceded by s or c, (except substantive 
 
APPENDIX. 165 
 
 and adjective,) are accented on the penult; as illusive, retentive, 
 comprehensive. 
 
 14th Rule. All words of three syllables in ary and ory, Cexcept 
 can'ary and vagary,) ar accented on the first, as s'alary, m'emory. 
 NOTE. Canary and vagary ought not to be exceptions. 
 
 15th Rule. Jill words in ary and ory , preceded by s, or in which 
 tary and tory are preceded by p or c, are accented on the antepenult; 
 as persu'asory, peremptory. The only exceptions are adversary, 
 with five others, doubling s; as promissory. But all other words of 
 four syllables only, in this class, are accented on the first, as m'onitory. 
 
 II. General Rule. Two methods for finding the accented syllable 
 in all words of more than three syllables, in ive or able, and of more 
 than four in ary and ory. 1st. The accent, very uniformly, rests on 
 the first syllable of the root, as conformable. If a single letter of the 
 root unites with a prefix, or that letter is doubled for euphony, it usually 
 carries the accent; as pr'edicable. 2d. When the words of these ter- 
 minations are accurately divided into their proper syllables, according 
 to the established rules of syllabication, the accent, with very few ex- 
 ceptions, falls on the first syllable ending with a consonant, and preced- 
 ing those terminations, as cot'ernporary. 
 
 NOTE. Nearly all the exceptions to this second method are words in which 
 the antepenult syllable ends in on, or, it, er, or merit; as p'ardonable, h'abitable, 
 confederative, ^c. 
 
 16th Rule. All words of more than two syllables in fy, invariably 
 take the accent on the antepenult ; as gl'orify, pers'onify. 
 
 17th Rule. Words of three or more syllables in ous, having a sin- 
 gle consonant between the vowel of the penult syllable and ous, or 
 with 720 consonant intervening, are accented on the antepenult; as par- 
 sirn'onious. But if two consonants intervene, the accent is on the 
 penult ; as tremendous. 
 
 NOTE. The exceptions do not exceed twelve words, two of which, can'orous 
 and son'orous, ought not to be included. 
 
 18th Rule. As, es, is or os, preceding ent or ence, as the last sylla- 
 ble, are always under accent; as convalescent. 
 
 19th Rule. Words of three or more syllables in ant, ent, ance, and 
 ence, when a single consonant comes between the vowel of the penult 
 syllable and the vowel in the final syllable, or when no consonant inter- 
 venes, are accented on the antepenult, as equivalent; but if two con- 
 
166 APPENDIX. 
 
 sonants intervene, or the final syllable or penult contains a dipthong, the 
 accent falls on the penult ; as refulgent, achi'evance, convenient. 
 
 NOTE. The exceptions in this numerous class of words are but few. Under 
 \hefirst clause of the rule, they may commonly be known by u, v, r, or , before 
 ant or ent ; and in the second clause by s, *, or II, before ant or ent. Al and ial 
 always bring the accent to ent ; as p'arent, par'ental, consequent, consequential. 
 
 REMARK. Most words in cy are derived from those ending in ant, 
 ent, ance, ence, or ate, by dropping t and e final, and adding y or cy; 
 as u'rgent, urgency, delicate, d'elicacy. Cy always adds a syllable, 
 but never changes the accent. 
 
 III. General Rule. Words of more than two syllables, the last two 
 letters of which are al, an, ar, or um, having but one consonant (and 
 oftentimes none) between the vowel of the penult syllable and those 
 terminations, are very generally accented on the antepenult, as ma-t'e- 
 ri-al; but if two consonants intervene, the accent commonly falls on 
 the penult; as di'urnal. 
 
 NOTE. The terminations orial and lar uniformly accent the antepenult The 
 tnain exceptions to the rule are, when v, s, or e precede those terminations, when 
 it usually falls on the penult ; as id'eal. 
 
 20th Rule. Words of three syllables in ize, ist, ism, are uniformly 
 accented on the first; as 1'egalize. But if the word consist of four or 
 more syllables, the accent, with very few exceptions, is on the pre- 
 antepenult; as particularize, presbyt'eiianism. 
 
 NOTE. The exceptions are among such words as have prefixes; as ext'empo- 
 rize, mon'opolize, marking the root by accent. 
 
 21st Rule. Words of more than two syllables in ude, are accented 
 on the antepenult; as latitude, decrepitude. 
 
 22d Rule. Words of three syllables, the first two of which are 
 prefixes, and words ending in ade, are very uniformly accented on the 
 last; as intercede, lemon'ade. 
 
 23d Rule. Words ending in ure, with few exceptions, take the 
 accent on the first syllable of the root; as figure, literature; pro-c'me, 
 eft-cl'osure. 
 
 OBSERVATION. After the place of accent has been found in the 
 several classes of words, according to the above Rules, thousands of 
 other words are, by prefixes and suffixes, afterwards formed from them. 
 The accent, however, as first found, is seldom changed by any suf- 
 fixes subsequently added, except by such as come under Special Rules. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 167 
 
 For a single example of this, take a word in ate, coming under Rule 
 10, as : 
 
 Communicate, ed, ing, ble, bleness, ive, ively, iveness, ory, ion, 
 bility. Here the accent remains unchanged, till ion and bility are 
 added, when it is removed, as per Rules 5th and 3d. 
 
 In a few instances, the adding of a prefix or suffix throws back the 
 first letter of the root to the prefix, and with it the accent; as pr'o-bate, 
 r'ep-ro-bate, pre-fer, pr'ef-er-ence. No suffixes move the accent after 
 fixed by ic or ous ; as dr'a-ma, dra-m'at-ic, al, ally, m'el-o-dy, me-l'o- 
 di-ous, ously, ousness. 
 
DATE 
 
 AN INITIAL PINE OF 25 CENTS 
 
 BEASSESSED 
 
 OVERDUE. 
 
 iv.Art 2 1938 
 
 LD 21-95W-7/37 
 

 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 I 
 
WELD'S ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 
 
 More than 50,000 copies of this Work have been called for within the last I 
 twelve months. 
 
 From the numerous recommendations of this work, we select the following : 
 
 From the. Boston Journal. 
 
 WELD'S ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 2d edition. Asa friend of Education, and without any 
 interest in the sate of the work, I wish simply to invite attention to the treatise. Who- 
 ever examines it, will detect in it, marks of an original thinker and of a skillful teacher. 
 The method b strictly inductive ; and as a model of teaching, rs one of the best specimens I 
 in our language. It is calculated to do in Grammar, what Colburn's works have done in ' 
 Arithmetic. The author is himself pre-eminen; acher, ! 
 
 and has adopted in this English Gramma ; 
 and Reader," a work which has been very exter 
 cal schools. 
 
 From Rev. S. H. Shepley, Principal of North. ~Yar* 
 Messrs. SANBORN & CARTER, Gentlemen : Weic 
 have just published, (2d edition) more than meets my p 
 
 boars the distinct impress of its studious author's method of teaching^ Commencing 
 with simple elements, it guides the interested ! K-nca! an "analytical pro- 
 
 cesses into a thorough knowledge of the science, 
 ers have pursued similar methods of instruction \r\practice. In th- 
 performing for schools at large, especially for common school . 
 would perform for a 
 
 thod here unfoUled, I am free to say. that in my jdttgment, the study 
 would become far less tedious than it h t as i 
 
 From Henry B. Mo.. 
 
 Chairman 
 
 Messrs. SANEOUN & CARTER, In <ny 
 a am rnar m*\v 
 
 .nstimte a fo, 
 these cannot fail to render 
 
 'he attfBtioM 
 
 teach- 
 
 t,hor is i 
 
 From the S nr>l Commit; 
 
 The superintend in 
 
 to declare their conviction that t! 
 n the mode of studying the English Langnase; 
 i with which we are acquainted, it is suned t-> 
 all that is desirable in Grammar^ 
 ii the snme time, urtn 
 new terms where the old are as good as those for which they m 
 
 the aid of this Grammar, the teacher must he i, 
 to pupils more than a mechanical knowledge of the elou 
 tongue. 
 
 From the Christian Mirror. 
 
 It seems impossible that a pupil should be taken the; 
 e of even an ordinary teicher, without acqnirh 
 h language; for this, with . 
 .fattaimnenis. 
 .;r,g manner, ;i 
 
 
 of our mother 
 
 
 
 ; fail 
 
 to do. 
 
 
 
 Botcdoin College. 
 
 MR. A. H. 
 
 have 
 
 I could reserve from pressing calls, I 
 fd with it. 
 
 As my studs.- 
 
 iniU to pronounce 
 
 upon ^vich w< 
 
 it 1 regard 
 
 your 
 
 calculated 
 
 to facilitate t: 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 L=si_ 
 
 THOMAS C. UPHAM.