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debted for my first knowledge of it."
ORATION
OF
JESCHINES ON THE CROWN
THE
ORATION
^SCHINES AGAINST CTESIPHON.
WITH NOTES.
BY J. T. CHAMPLIN,
PROFESSOR OF GREEK AND LATIN IN WATEHVILLE COLLEGE.
CAMBRIDGE:
PUBLISHED BY JOHN BARTLETT,
33oofcseller to t&e 2Unfbersft.
1850.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1850, by
J. T. C H A M P L I V,
in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.
CAMBRIDGE:
METCALF AND COMPANY,
PRINTERS TO THE CNIVERMTT.
TO
CORNELIUS CONWAY FELTON, LL. D.,
ELIOT PROFESSOR OF GREEK IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY,
THIS CONTRIBUTION TO THE ILLUSTRATION OF ATTIC ORATORY
IS INSCRIBED,
AS AN EXPRESSION OF FRIENDSHIP AND A MEMORIAL OF
CONGENIAL STUDIES,
BY
THE EDITOR.
126083
PREFACE.
IN bringing before the public the productions of
the rival orators, in this most famous contest for
the crown, I have not followed the chronological
order, but the order of preeminence and demand,
so that, as in many other things, " the last has
become first, and the first last." While the name
of ^Sschines has undoubtedly been ennobled by its
association with that of Demosthenes, in this and
the other contests left on record, at the same time
he has unavoidably suffered from so close proxim-
ity to a superior luminary. The acknowledged
position of Demosthenes as the first of orators, and
the reputation of his Oration on the Crown as
the first of his orations, have cast into compara-
tive obscurity the scarcely less able production of
^schines, and led to the inconsistency, in nearly
all of our colleges, of reading the defence with-
out having previously read the attack. In accord-
ance with this practice of our colleges (a practice,
to be sure, inconsistent in itself, but which, I think,
no wise teacher would recommend to be generally
abandoned, unless both the Orations can be read),
the Oration of Demosthenes was first published,
and is now followed by that of JDschines.
Vlll PREFACE.
The two Orations, though not intended neces-
sarily to be bound together, have been edited with
mutual reference to each other, and with the same
general object in view. The aim, in each case,
has been, to give a plain and unpretending expo-
sition of the sentiments of the author, based upon
philological principles, and illustrated by the requi-
site historical and archaeological information. It
has not, however, been attempted to do this in
an exhaustive way, so as to leave no difficulties
to be overcome by the student, but sufficiently to
encourage effort, and furnish the means of success
to the diligent and persevering. To what has some-
times been called " the higher criticism," such as
is displayed in ingenious interpretations, bold con-
jectures, and happy emendations, this book makes
but little pretension. The editor will be satisfied,
if it shall be thought to contain a fair amount of
common sense, guided by a competent knowledge
of the Greek language in interpreting the thoughts
of a great orator, who lived more than two thou-
sand years ago, and bringing them into connection
with thoughts and things as they now are. The
classics are too often read, as some tale of a far-
off, enchanted land, beautiful and entertaining, to
be sure, but having no possible connection with
what is now passing on the earth. Happily, the
tendency of the labors of recent editors has been
to dispel this illusion, by exhibiting them as a field
of useful, as well as of entertaining study, by treat-
ing them as productions of the human mind in its
various workings, thus attaching them to human
PREFACE. IX
nature and making them reflect it under some of
its most interesting aspects. All honor to the men
who, like Boeckh in Germany, and Arnold in
England, have contributed to bring about this
change !
This Oration is one of three which have been
left by JEschines. They have been denominated
" the three Graces," of which, undoubtedly, this is
the crowning Grace. They were all made against
Demosthenes, one directly in self-defence, in a pros-
ecution for corrupt conduct on his embassy to
Philip, and the others through third persons, Ti-
marchus and Ctesiphon. Coming to a rupture on
their second embassy to Philip, the two orators
took directly opposite sides in the subsequent strug-
gle with that crafty monarch, the jwie vehemently
urging resistance to his encroachments, the other
conciliation, if not submission. Their differences
came out, in the report of their proceedings made
before the Assembly on their return from the em-
bassy, and, about three years afterwards, on occa-
sion of JSschines passing the usual examination
before the court for his conduct on the embassy,
were fully discussed, first in the preliminary trial
of Timarchus, and then of JEschines himself, and
finally reached their highest intensity and most in-
dignant expression in this action against Ctesiphon.
In this closing struggle, therefore, of the two ora-
tors, we have, at the same time, the best specimen
of their individual power and relative strength. In
gracefulness of style and cogency of logic, JEschines
is fully equal to his rival ; but his words are far
X PREFACE.
less solemn and elevated, and his logic works by
dryer formulae, and within much narrower limits.
With almost every quality of style deemed desir-
able in an orator, we yet miss the convincing
earnestness, the fiery energy, as well as the mag-
nificent sweep and flow of Demosthenes. Conse-
quently, he is more trivial, more extravagant, more
persona], than his antagonist. There is a vein of
extravagance which runs through many of his ex-
pressions and statements, which greatly injures the
effect of the Oration, while I know of nothing in
which it suffers so much, in comparison with the
production of his rival, as in the more exclusively
personal character which it wears. Demosthenes,
it is true, exhibits personal feeling towards jEs-
chines, and, speaking in self-defence, is necessarily
somewhat egotistical ; but, as Mr. Legare* has well
said of his masterly production, " It is the grandest
piece of egotism on record. Yet is the subject so
dexterously, or rather so simply, so sincerely, so
sublimely managed, that you forget the orator in
the statesman, the statesman in the patriot, the pa-
triot in his country, which seems to have engrossed,
penetrated, transformed, and elevated his whole
being.' 7
As to the merits of the main question at issue
between, the two orators, the integrity and policy
of the course which they had respectively pursued
towards Philip, it is difficult positively to decide.
* " Demosthenes, the Man, the Statesman, and the Orator,"
Writings, Vol. II. p. 481.
PREFACE. XI
It is possible that the policy of .ZEschines, which
was at the same time the policy of a large party,
at whose head stood the accomplished Isocrates and
the stern and incorruptible Phocion, was dictated
by a real though mistaken regard for the interests
of his country, supposing that conciliation would
be more effectual than resistance. Bat, consider-
ing all the known facts of the case, the sudden
change of his feelings towards Philip after the first
embassy, his subsequent connection with the Mace-
donian party, through all the course of Philip's
aggressions, even to the downfall of his country,
and many other suspicious circumstances urged by
Demosthenes in his reply and the Oration on the
False Legation, it can hardly be doubted that
there was something criminal in his connection with
Philip. That his course was unpatriotic is involved
in the very nature of the case, since he sided with
the conqueror of his country. And though we need
not believe him' to have been, what the rival ora-
tors mutually charge each other with being, the
guilty cause of all the evils of his country, <5 rfs
'EAAaSoff aXirrjpios, still his name must always rest
under some suspicion.
It now only remains for me to say, that the text
of this edition is that of W. Dindorf, with such
slight alterations as seemed to be required alike by
the sense and manuscript authority. I have con-
stantly consulted the edition of Bremj, as well as the
collection of Notes, Scholia, and Various Readings,
contained in Dobson's edition of the Attic Orators,
and adopted from them whatever seemed to my
Xll PREFACE.
purpose. Thankful for the encouragement and as-
sistance of many valued friends, both in the pres-
ent and previous editorial labors, and assured by
the favor with which those labors have thus far
been received, I venture to add this little volume
to those already before the public.
WATERVILLE COLLEGE, January, 1850.
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1*
6 AI2XINOY
dve\a)v, Trplv \dyov, Trplv evOvvas Bovvat, ye'ypa(f>e
raj~v drjfjLoaOevrjv ap%ovra crrefyavovv.
13 Ae^ovcri &e, w av&pes 'AOrjvaloi, /ecu crepdv Tiva \o-
yov vTrevavnov ro> aprio)? eiprj/juevq), 0)9 apa baa TI$
wv TT parrel Kara ^r^i(T^a t ov/c e<rrt ravra
i, d\\ 7rifie\id rt? KOI Statcovia dp^a? Be <f>i]-
GOVCTIV e/cetvas elvai a? ol Oea^oOerai diroKXrjpovo'tv ev
TO) 0rja-Ltt) t rcdtceivas a? o 8^/^05 ico0 y(iporovelv ev
dpxaipealais, arparrjyov? teal irrirdp'xpv<; icai Ta? /zera
rovrwv dp^d?, ra 8* aXXa rrdvra rcpa<ynareia$ rrpoore-
14 ray/j,e'va<; Kara -^rrjfpio'^a. 'Eyay 8e 777)09 rot/9 \oyovs
TOL9 rovrwv VO/JLOV v/jierepov rcape^opat,, ov vf4i<; ej/o/xo-
6er7](rare \vaav r^yovfjucvoi ras roiavra? Trpotpacreis, ev
ye'ypaTrrat, Ttt9 %tporovr)ra<;, <f>tja-iv t
(a7raVa9 eVl Trepi\afia>v ovdfiari 6 voiw6<irr)<; t
Kal rrpoa-enrwv ap^as drrdvas elvai a9 o bfytos %eiporo-
j/t), Kal roi9 emffrdras (frrjai TO>I/ Sij/j,ocria)v
cpyovv (ea-n Se o drjfuxrOe'vrjs rei^o7roio<; t ema-rdr^
rov /j,eyi(rrov ruv epywv) Kal rravras oaoi Sia%ei-
plov(ri rt, rwv rrjs 7ro / \a)9 7T\eov tj rpid-
KovO* rj/jie'pas, Kal oaoi \a/jL/3avov<riv yyefjio-
via<; SiKaa-ryplcov (ol Be ra>v epywv 7ri<rr(irai
15 7raWe9 i)yep.ovia xpwvrai, SiKatrr'rjpiov) ri TOVTOVS
K\euei TTOieiv ; Ov SiaKoveiv, aXX* dp^eiv 8o/ctftao-^eV-
ra9 ev Tfo BiKaarrjpiG) (errei&r) Kal al K\rjpa)ral ci
OVK dBoKifUicrroi,, d\\a BoKifjiacrOelaai ap^ovo-i),
\oyov Kal evOvvas eyypd<f>eiv rrpos rov ypa/jL/j.area
KATAKTH2I$i2NT02. 7
u? Xoyio-Tas, KaOcLTrep /cat ra? aXXa? dpx a< >> K\evei.
' ' OTI Be a\7)6ri \eyco, TOV$ vofAovs vfuv aurou9 dvayvco-
0-6TCU.
NOMOI.
"Orav TOLVVV, & avBpes 'AOrjvaloi,, a? o vouLoOerr)? dp- 16
ovroi Trpocrayopevcocri, Trpay/jLarelas KCU
epyov ecmv a7TOfj,vrjiJ,ovViv teat,
TOV vo/Aov TTjOo? TTjv TOVTCov dvaiSeiciv, fcal
V7ro/3a\\i,v avrot? OTL ov Trpoo-Be^eaOe fca/covpyov cro-
OLOJJ,VOV prj/j,acn TOW?
ocrw av r^5 afjbewov Xey?; irapdvofjba jejpa^a)^, TOO-OVTG)
fjuei^ovos opyrjs rev^erac. Xprj ydp, & avSpes 'AOijvaloi,,
TO avTo (frOeyyea-Qai, TOV pr\Topa KCU, TOV VO/AOV oTav Be
CTepav fjbev cjxovrjv dfay 6 VO/JLOS, eTepav Be 6 prjTCop, TCO
TOV vdfjiov Bi/caiq) xpr) BiBovat T^V ^jnj(f>ov f ov TTJ TOV
os Be Br) TOV a<f>v/CTOV \dyov, ov (frrjai, ATJ float) e'vrjs, 17
/Bpa%e'a /3ov\o/jiat TrpoeiTreiv. Ae'gei, jap o5ro9, Teifto-
el fit, 6fjio\oya)' aXX* eTriBe'BcoKa T{J
e/caTov KCLI TO epyov fjuel^ov eelp-
Tlvos ovv el/jil vTrevOvvos, el pri 7/5
(TTiV evvotas evOvvr] ; Ilpbs Br) TavTvjv Trjv Trpd-
<f)a<riv aKOvcraTe. fjuov \eyovTos fcal Bt/ccua /cal v^ilv avfju-
<j>epovTa. Ev yap TavTrj TTJ TroXet OUTO)? ap^caa ovcry
vTr) TO jjueyedos ovBew eaTtv avvTrevOvvos TWV
KOI OTTWCrOVV 7T09 T KOWCL TTOO-eKTKvoTtoV. la*<> 18
TrpcoTOv 7n TCOV 7rapaBda)v, olov rov? iepe?? KOI
8 AI2XINOY
lepeia? virevOvvovs etvat, Ke\evet, o vofws, teal
v aTravTa? KOI %&>p9 eWcrrof 9 Kara awaa, TOU9 ra
yepa uovov \ajj,/3dvovra$ KOI ra9 ei%a<; irrrep V/JLWV 7r/?o9
TOV9 0ov$ v%ofjievov<;, KOI ov p,ovov tS/a, a\\a Kai
KOivy ra ye'vy, Evfj,o\7r(,8a$ /cal K7]pvtca<; KCLI, rof9 a\-
19 Xou9 aTravras. IId\(,v TOV9 Tpirjpdpxov? irrrevOvvovs
elvai, K\evi, 6 vofjuos ov ra /coiva Bia^eiplaavra^ ovS
cnro TWV vfULerepcov TrpoaoBwv 7ro\\a fiev v(f>cupovfj,evov<;,
, iro-
ra
et9 rrjv Trpo? v/JLas dvr)\a)KOTas
Ov TOIVVV /Jiovoi, 01 Tpi7)pap%oii aXXa KCLI ra fie
ev rfj TroXet avvebpiwv irrro rrjv rcov
20 ep-^erai yfrfjfov. Tlpcorov fiev yap TTJV /3ov\r)V TTJV ev
'Apeiw Traya) eyypdfaiv 77/309 rou9 Xoyt<rra9 o VO/
K\vei, \oyov KCU evOvvas 8tSoVat, Kai ir\v
(7KV-
Kai ro)V /JLeyKTT&v Kvptav ayei, VTTO TTJV vuerepav
OVK apa (TT<f)avu>6r}aeTai, rj ftov\r) 77 ef
Apeiov Trayov ; OvBe yap Trarpiov O~TW ouTO?9. OVK
apa (j)L\ori,fjLOVVTai ; Haw ye, aXX OVK ayaTrwo-iv edv
Tt9 Trap auTOt9 jJtf] aSiKrj, aXX eav rt9 e^aaaprdvij o-
\aCpvcriv ol Se vaerepoi, pTjropes rpv(j)0)o-i. Ha\iv ryv
/3ov\7]v, rou9 7T6VTaKO(7iov$, vTTv6vvov TreTTOirjKev o VQ-
21 aoOerrj^. Kai OVT&S la^ypw^ aTncrrel rot9 VTrevOvvoi?
O)O-T evOews dp^ouevos rwv voucov \eyec dp^rjv vTrev-
Ovvov <f>r)(Tt ar) aTroSrj fielv. *fl e HpaK\i,$ (VTTO-
KATA KTH2I*QNTO2. 9
\djSoi, av TO), or* rjpga, pr) aTroS^/^cro) ; "Iva <ye
7rpo\a/3a)v xprifJLara rrj? 7roXeo>9 rj Trp
^p^o'Tj. Hakw vTrevOvvov OVK ea rrjv ovaiav K,a6iepovv
ovSe dvddrj/jia dvaOelvai ouS* eKTrolrjTov yeveaOai, ovSe
t,a6ecr6ai ra eavrov ov& a\\a 7ro\\d' evl Be Xoyw
^ec ra? overlap 6 vofAoOerr]? ras rwv virevOvvcov,
av \oyov aTroBwcn rfj TroXet. Nal, aXX* &rn Ti? 22
09 OVT eiXrjfav ovSev TWV STJ/JLOO-ICOV ovr avr}-
\o)K6, TTpocrrjkOe Se TT^O? TI rwv KOIVMV. Kcu TOVTOV
diro^)peiv /ceXei/et \oyov TT^O? TOU? Xoyto'Ta?. Kat
57 7T&)9 o je jj,r]$ev \a/3a)V yu-^S* az/aXwcra? aTro/cret \oyov
TT) 7TO\i ; AvTOS V7TO/3d\\l KCU $lSd(TKei, 6 J/o'yU-O?
^7) jpd(j)6iv K\evei, jap avro TOVTO eyypafaiv, OTI
OVT' e\a/3ov ovSev TWV TT}? TroXeo)? our' dvr\-
\coo-a. *Avev6vvov 8e /cat d^TrjTOV Ka
ouSev ecm ra>v ev f rr TroXet. "Ort, 8e a
avrcov aKovaare T&V vopcov.
N O M O I.
"Orav TOLVVV //.aXicrra Opaavvrirai, Atj/jioaOevrj^ Xeycov 23
&)<? ^ta T^Z/ eTrtSoaw OVK GCTTLV V7reu6vvo$, eiceivo avrco
v7ro/3d\\eT6, OVKOVV %prjv ere, w J Tjfjio a Oeves, a-
crai jov TCOV \OJLO-TCOV Kr\pvKa Krjpvgai TO Trd-
rpiov Kal evvofjiov Kripvy/jua TOUTO, T/9 f3ov\6Tai,
KaTTjjopelv ; "Ea&ov djji^ca-ft'rjTrjcral croi TOV
/3oV\OfJ,eVOV TCOV 7TO\ITO>V <09 OVK
01-
KoSo/J,lav fjiiKpa KaTeflyKas, SeKa TaKavra
10 AI2XINOY
ravra e/c TT}? 7roXeo>9 i\ij(j)a)<i Mrj
TTJV <f)i\oTiiJbiav, jj,7)Be egaipov TWV BifcacrTcov
Ttt9 "^ ?? </> f 9 e/C TO)V %et,pO)V, /-t^S* /J,7T p O (7 6 6V
TCOV vofjucov, a\\ v(7Tos 7ro\iTevov. Tavra
jap opOol rrjv
21 IIpos /j,ev ovv r9 /ceva? 7rpo<f)a(rei,s, a? oSrot 7rpo<f)a-
poi ore Be ovrw rjv
ovros eiarivey/ce TO ^^4-
cy/,a, ap^cov fjikv rrjv errl TOJ OewpiKco apxyv, ap^wv &
TT)V TWV Tl%07TOt,a)V, Ol)STpa<; $6 TTO) TO)V dp^toV TOVTCOV
\ojov V/MV ovB evOuvas SeSo)/fa)9, ravr 77877 TretpacroyLtai
v/x,a? &t,$d<T/ceiv ex TMV &7)/jLoaia)v ypa/jL/jLu,TO)V. Kai JJ.OL
avayvcoOt, TTI TWOS apftovros teat TTOIOV /JLTJVOS KCU ev
TIVL rjfjiepa tcai ev iroia KK\Tja-ia %ipoTovr)6r)
AIAAOriSMOS TON 'HMEPQN.
OVKOVV el fj,r)&ev eru TrepaiTe'pa) TOVTOV Selgaifjii, Si-
lcos av d\i(TKono Krr)ai(f)wv alpel yap avrov ov% rj
KdTTjyopla, rj efjLTj, d\\a TCI Syuoo-ia ypafjifjiara.
25 Tlporepov fJLev TOIVVV, w av$pe<? AOrfvaloL^ avnypa-
<eu9 r\v %eipOTOvrjTos rfj iro\ei, 09 KaO* e/cao-rrjv Trpvra-
veiav aTreXoyi^ero ra9 Trpoaobovs TO) BI^/AO)' Sia Be rrjv
7T/309 Evf3ov\ov yevouevrjv Tnanv vfuv ot eiri TO Oewpi-
KQV Ke^eipoTOvrjfjievoL ^px ov ^ v Trpiv 7 1 TOV Hyrjuovo?
vouov yeveaOat, TTJV TOV dvTiypatye'ct)? dp^r\v y rjp'Xpv Be
Trjv TWV CLTToBetcTwv tcai vewpiwv apfflv, Kal crfcevoQri/c'rjv
a>KoBouovv, rjaav Be KOL oBoTTOiol /ecu o"^eBov TTJV o\rjv
ovo*
KATA KTH2I$QNTO2. 11
Sioltcrjcriv elftov Trjs TroXeo)?. Kal ov rcarTjyopwv avTwv 26
v Xeyo>, aXX* e/ceivo
6 //,/ z/o/40 #67-779, eaV
V7Tv6vVO$ rj, TOVTOV OVK O, TTplV CUV Xo
Sa> arecfravovv, 6 8e
air do-as ra9 * A6r}vr)<jiv ap^as ap-^pvra OVK
* 27
ica ryv rwv
o5ro9 TO ^77^>tcryLta eypa^fre, Kal ra Srj/jiocria
/col e?rt3oXa9 7re/3aXXe KaOaire 01
al Si,KacrT7]pla)V 7/ye/ioi//a9 eXapfiave, TOVTGW
VJMV CLVTOV ArifJLOcrOevrjv KCU KTrjaKpwvra fjiaprvpa? ira-
pe^ofjiai. 'Ejrl yap Xcup&vBov ap^ovros ap r yri\iwvQ<s
^771/09 SevTe'pa <f)6ivovTO<s e/c/cX^o-/a9 01/0-779 ey/oa-^e ^77-
(j)icrfjLa jdtjfJioo'Oevrjs dyopdv Troirjo-at, rcov (f>v\a)v %KLpo-
fyopiwvos Sevrepa lara/jievov KCLL TpLTT}, /cat, eTrerafez/ ev
TO) ^(plcrfjLaTL eKacrr^ rwv <j>v\wv eX&tfai TOU9 eVtyu-e-
\rj0t]croiJie'vovs TWV epjcov ejrl rd Tel^rj Kal ra^lcis, Kal
p,d\a 0/3^0)9, iv 77 7ro r X^9 e^oL virevOvva crtofjiara, Trap
>v e/^eXXe rwv dvriKw^evwv \oyov d
fjioi Xeye ra
IVat, aXX* dvTi&ia7r\eKei, irpos rovro evOvs W9 OVT 28
Tei^o7roto9 OUT' e^eiporovriOfj VTTO rov
Kal 7Tpl TOVTOV ATjfjboadev^ fjiev nai KT'rjcr^oov 7ro\vv
TToiriaovTai \oyov o Se" ye 1/0^09 /5pa^u9 a cratyrjs
KOI TaV \VC0V Ttt9 TOl/Tft)Z/ TZ/a9. MlKpd $ VfUV
12 AI2XINOY
so VTrep avrcov Trpwrov irpoenrelv ftovXouai. E<TTI, yap, 53
to AQrivaioi, Tc5z> Trepl ra? ap%<*9 ei&rj rpla, wv ev fiev
KCLL Traai fyavepwrarov 01 K\r)pa)roi, KCLI 01 ^eiporovrjTOi
, Sevrepov Se ocroi TL &i,a%i,piovcri, TWV T^? TTO-
VTrep Tpia/covTa ij/jLepas Kal ol TO>V Srjfioo'icov
rpi-rov & ev TO) vo^im yeypcnrTai, Kal el
aXXoi alperol r^ye^ovia^ SiKao-rrjpicov
dvovo-t,, Kal TOVTOV? ap^etv SoKipao-Q ev-
3ora9. 'ETre&av 8* ac^eXr) Ti9 roi/9 VTTO rov STJ/JLOV
K%ei,poTovT)fjLevov$ Kal TOV9 K\r)po)Tov<: ap'xpvras, Kara-
Xe/Trerat, 01)9 al <f>v\al Kal al Tpirrves Kal ol 877/1.06 e'f
aipovvrai ra &rjfj,o<Tia %pT)fj,aTa Bt,a%ipiiv, rov-
alperovs ap%ovTa<; eivai. TOVTO 8e ylyverai orav,
wcrTrep vvv, eTTiTa^Orj rt rat9 ^>uXat9, ?; Tci<f>pov<; e^epya-
Qa6ai rj Tpirjpeis vavTrrjyelo-Oat,. ' On, 8e a\rj6rj Xeya),
ef afTcoi/ T&)i/ vofuov p,a6T]<re(j6e.
NOMOI.
si ' Avapvr]v6riT6 Sr) TOU9 Trpoeiprjue'vovs Xoyov9, OTA o
//6I/ VOfjLoOe'TTJS TOU9 6/C TOW (j)V\0)V ap%lV Ke\Vl SoKL-
/u,acr$eWa9 eV TCO SiKa<rTijpi(p t rj Be IlavSiovls <f>v\r)
Kal reL^oiroiov dire^e^e ArjiwcrOevyv, 09 e/c 7779
o9 6i9 raura e^et /jLiKpov &eiv Se'K
8' aTrayopevei voiws apX*l v vnevOvvov fjurj
8e ofJico^oKare Kara Tou9
6 8e pr}Twp ye'ypafa TOV virevOvvov (rrefyavovv ov irpoa-
v 8a> \dyov Kal evOuvas, eyco 8e e'f-
TO irapavofjiov fiaprvpa^ a/za T0f9 vopovs Kat,
KATAKTH2I$QNTO2. 13
ra ^^Icr^aTa KOL TOU? dvTiBi/covs irape^ofjuevo^.
ovv av T9 7repL<pave(7Tepov eTTiBel^eiev avOpcoTrov irapa-
voaa yeypa<f>oTa ;
V29 Toivvv teal TTJV avapprjaiv TOV (rrecfxivov irapavo- 32
/A9 evra> ^^la^aTi icekevei yiyvecrOai,, KCU rovO* v/jias
BtSa^co. 'O yap ro/^-o? SiapprjBrjv /ce\6vei, eav fjb^v riva
o-Tefyavol r) @ov\ri, ev TW ^ov\evr
eav 8e o 877/^09, ev TTJ eK/ckycrla, a\\oOu Be
Kcu fJiOL \eje TOV vopov.
NOM02.
O5ro9 o VO/JLOS, a) av$pe<? 'AOrjvalot,, /col fjuaXa /ca\a)<; 33
Ov yap, ol/zat, aiero Belv 6 vo/jioOeT'rjs rbv prjTOpa
irpos rou9 e^codev, aX\' dyaTrav ev avrfj TTJ
Ti/jLco/juevov VTTO rov Brifiov teal p/r] epyo\a/3eiv ev
row KTjpvy/jLacnv. 'O aev ovv vopodeTrj^ oura)9 o Be
K.Tr]cri,(f)a)V 7TW9 ; 'Avayiyvcoa/ce TO tyTj
'A/coveTe, a> avBpes 'AOrjvaloi,, OTC 6 fiev vojj,o0Trj<; 34
K\evei, ev TO) BTJUM ev Ilvfcvl TTJ e/CK\r)o-ia ava/CTjpvTTetv
TOV V7TO TOV B^/jiov aTefavovuevov, a\\o6i Be /jLrjBauov,
K.T7]<n,(l)Ct)v Be ev TO> OeaTpq), ov TOVS vof^ov^ f.iovov wirep-
ySa9, a\\a real TOV TOTTOV ueTevey/cwv, ovBe e
TCOV 'AOqvaicov, d\\a TpayaBwv dycov^ofjie'vcDV
ovB* evavTiov TOV Brj/noVj aXX* evavTtov TWV
o~vvei,Ba)o~i,v olov avBpa
OVTO) TOLVVV Trepifyavw Trapdvofia yeypa^w, Trapa- 35
14 A I 2 X I N O Y
a? eya) Br)\u)crco Kal Trpoepco vjuv, f 'iva fir} \d0ijre e%aira-
T7)6evTs. OVTOL ydp, &>9 fj,ev ovK a7rayopvov(Tiv ol
VOfJLOl TOV V7TO TOV Srj/jLOV CTT(f)aVOV/JLeVOV /JLTj K7)pVTTl,V
efa> rr)s KK\r]aia$, ov% e^ovari \eyeiv, otcrova-i Se el?
T7]v aTToXoyiav TOV ALOVVGICLKOV vopov, /cal xpiyaovTai
3 TOV VOfJLOV /J,epl TLVt, K\e7TTOVT<; TJ]V CLKpOCLCTLV VfMtoV, Kdl
TrapegovTdt, vopov ovSev Trpoar^KOVTa r^Se TTJ ypa<j)fj, icai
\egovo-iv <W9 eto-i TTJ 7ro\ei Bvo voy^oi /cet/jLevoi irepl TCOV
et9 pzv ov vvv eya) irape^o/Mat
aTrayopevovTO, TOV VTTO TOV //iOf GTzavov^zvov fj,rj
/crjpvTTeo-dai, ego) 7^9 etCK\7)cria<;, eTepov 8' elvcu vopov
<f>r]crovcriv evavTiov TOVTM, TOV 8eSa)/coVa ifowriaif TTOL-
elo-OaL Trjv dvdppr)<n,v TOV <rr(f)dvov T/}ay^)8ot9 eV TO>
6ea.Tp(p t eav tyrjfyiGrjTai, o SrjfJios * KOTO, Brj TOVTOV TOV
vopov $r\<jovcri yeypa<f>evai, TOV KTT}ai<f>a>VTa. 'Eyco 8e
37 Trpos ' ra9 TOVTOV re^ya9 irape^ofiat <rvvrjyopov<i rou9
I/O/iOL'9 TOU9 V/JLTepOVS, O7Tp SuiT\0) <TTTOVdfyi)V TTapCL
Traaav TTJV /caTTjyopiav* Et, yap TOVTO eo~Tiv a\rj6e$
Kal TOLOVTOV 00$ 7rapaO&VKV V/JLOJV t9 TTjV 7TO\lTiaV
OKTT' dtcvpovs i/o/iou9 ev T0t9 Kvpiois avayeypa^dai
Kal Svo irepl /ua9 7T/3afa)9 vrrevavTLOVS d\\r)\oi<;, TI
av Ti TavTrjv etVot Tt9 elvcu TTJV Tio\i.Tetav, ev f)
TavTa 7rpoo~TaTTOVo~iv 01 vo/J>oi TTOieiV /ecu fir]
33 *A\\ y OVK !, TCLv6* OUTO)9 ' ft^' U/Ae^ 7TOT6
TOcravTrjv arra^lav TWV VO/JLMV TTpo^alrjTe, OVTG
\rjTCU Trepl TWV TOIOVTCDV TU> vo/jioOeTT) TO* TTJV
Tiav KaTao~T7](7avTi t a\\a
KATA KTH2I$GNT02. 15
/ca0 e/cacrTov eviavTov SiopOovv ev TCO
T0t>9 vd/jiovs, d/cpi/Bcos egeTao-avTas /cai cnce^a-
eu T9 avayeypaTTTat, VOJJLOS evavnos ere'pw
vo/jico 77 a/cvpo$ ev rot? /cvpiois, rj el irov eio-i VOJJLOI,
7T\eiovs ^09 avajejpafjLfjbevot Trepi, etcac-Tys Trpa^ecos.
Kav ri TOIOVTOV evpio-Kcocnv, avayeypacfroTas ev o-avicnv 39
etcn6e'vai, /ceXevei, irpocrdev rwv ^ETrwvvfjiccn'y TOI)? Se
TrpvTavei? iroielv eK/c\rjcriav eTriypa^jravras vo/jbo
rbv 8' e.TTia'TaT'rjv rcov TrpoeSpoiv Bca^ecporovlav
vai r<x> Sr/yLtft), Kai TOU9 f^ev avaipelv rwv vofjuwv, rovs
Se Kai a\e iTreiv, OTT&J? av et9 fj vopo? /ecu ^ 7r\eiov$
7Tpafe&)9. Kat /JLOL \eje rou9 vo/j,ov$.
N OM OI.
El Totvvv, w avbpes 'AOyvcuoi,, d\r}0r)s TJV o Trapa 40
Xoyo9 /cai rjo-av Svo Kelfjuevot, VOJJLOL Trepi TCOV
rcov, ef avajfcr)?, oto/xat, rwv fJLev OeafJLoOerwv
e^evpdvrcov, ra>v Se Trpvraveayv aTroSovrcov TOI<$ VOJJLO-
dvrjprjr av 6 erepo9 TCOV VO/ACOV, rjroi 6 TTJV
e^ovalav SeScoKcos avenrelv rj 6 aTrajopevcov ' oirore Se
{irj$ev TOVTtoV yeye'vrjrcu, <j)avepw$ Br] TTOV e\e'y%ov-
rcu ov /JLOVOV tyevSrj \eyovres, a\\a KCLI, Tra^reXw?
dBvvara ryevecrOai. "OOev Be Brj TO tyevSos TOVTO eTTi- 41
cfre'povo'iv, ey&) 8t8afa> u/^a9 irpoeiTrcov wv eve/ca ol VO/JLOI,
ereOrjcrav ol Trepi TWV ev ra> OeaTpa)
yap TCOV ev aaTeu TpaypScov
, ov TretcravTes TOV STJ/JLOV, ol pev OTC crTecpavovv-
Tttl V7TO TWV <f)V\TCOV, TepOi 8' V7TO TCOV SrjfJLOTCOV *
16 AI2XINOY
a\\oi Be rives vTroKijpvjfduevoi rovs avrwv oiKeras afyi-
ecrav drre\ev6epov<$, pdprvpas rfjs drre'KevOepias rov$
42 r 'E\\7)va$ TTOiovaevoi,. *O 8' r)V eTTicfrOovwrarov, rrpo-
gevtas rives evprjfjLevoL ev rat? efeo TroXecri SieTrpdrrovTo
avajopeveaOai ore <TT6<j)avo1 avrovs 6 ^77^09, ei ovrw
Tvyoi, o TOJ// c Po8/a)i/ 77 Xiayv r) fcal a\\r]<; TIVOS TTO\-
0)9, aperrjs eveica KCU avSpayadias. Kai, TCLVT eTTpar-
TOV ovft &<T7rep ol inro 7^9 /3ov\rj$ T^9 vperepas are-
<f>avovfj,evoi *; VTTO rov Srj/jiov, Trelo-avres vfjuas Kai //.era
avrot,
43 Trpoekofievoi avev Boyfjiaros v/jLerepov. 'Etc Be TOVTOV
TOV TpoTrov <ruvej3aive TOVS fiev Oearas Kai, roi;9 XP^~
yov? Kai TOU9 dy&v terras evo^XelcrOai, rovs Be dvaKTjpvr-
ro/Jievovs kv TO> Oedrpw iisitpGi rivals npacrQai roov
{mo rov Brifiov (rre^avov^lvwv. Tot9 ^ev yap aTroBe'-
Beircro rorros r) eKK\r]cria t ev y ^TIV arefyavovcrQai,, Kai
aTretpijro a\\oOi firjBafiov KrjpvrreaOat, ol Be avijyo-
pevovro evawriov drravrwv rwv 'EXk^vwv Katcetvot,
fiera Tfrr)(f)i(T/jiaTos, rreicravres u/ta9, ovroi B avev
44 SvwBow Biy Tt9 ravra vo/jLoOerijs rlOrjcrc VQ^OV ovBev
emicowwvovvra ra> rrept> rcov VTTO rov Brjuov crrefyavov-
fj^evwv royu-ft), ovre \vaas eicelvov (ovBe yap rj eKK\rjcrca
rjva)%\eLro, d\\a TO Oearpov^J, ovr evavriov rol$ rrpo-
repov Keifjuevois vouois nOeis (OL yap e^eariv}, d\\a
Trept, rwv avev ^jrrj^io-uaros v/Jiere'pov o-
vrro ra>v <f)v\erc0v Kai Brjuor&v KCU rrepl ra>v rovs
KATA KTH2I$QNT02. 17
a7re\ev0povvTcov /cal irepi TWV
Kal SiapprjSrjv aTrajopevet, i^r\r oiKerrjv aTre\ev6epovv ev
TO) Oedrpw fjLT]0 J VTTO TWV cf>v\Tcov r) STJ/JLOTCOV dvayopev-
o-Tecfravovpevov, ^6' VTT a\\ov, fyrjcrij /JurjSevos, r)
elvai TOV K^pv/ca. tr Orav ovv aTroSe/f?; roi9
V ? \ / tf
GO
VTTO T??9 /3ouA,??9 aTecbavovuevois et9 TO
avappr)07Jvcu, rot? 8 VTTO TOV S^yLtou (TTecpavovfjievois et9
KK\rfaiav t rot? 8' UTTO ra)V Srjfjiorwv o~re<pavovfj,e-
Kal <f)v\Tu>v aTreiirrf p/r] Kijpvrreo-dai, rots Tpay<p-
Iva fifi^eis epavi&v (TT(f)avov<; /cat /crjpvj^aTa
<fu\orifuav KTarai,, Trpoo-aTreiTrrj 8' ev TU> VO/
VTTO
KOI Sr/fj^ov Kal <f)v\TO)V Kal Brj^orcov, orav $e TI<S
Tavra a<f>e\rj t rl TO KaTaXeiTrojAevov SCTTL TrX^y ol %evi-
Kol <TT(f>avoi ; OTI, S a\rjOrj \eya), fteya arj/melov v/juv 46
TOVTOV ef avTwv TCOV vofiwv 7rtSe/fa). AVTOV <yap TOV
Xpv&ovv crTe(f>avov, 09 hv ev TO> OeaTpco TW ev aaTei
avapprfOrj, tepov elvai Trjs AOrjvas o vofjios Ke\evei t
a^)eXoyLtei/09 TOV (TTe^avovfjievov. KauToi r/9 av VJJLWV
TO\fJir]creLe TocravTrjv ave\ev6epiav KaTayvwvai TOV 877-
TOV ^AOrfvaiwv ; Mrj yap OTI 7roXt9, aXX* ou8* av
ovfte et9 OUTW9 djevvrjs yevoiTo 3>crTe ov avTos
vov afjua avaKrjpvTTCiv Kal afyaipela-Qai Kal
KaOiepovv. 'A\\' olpai, Sia TO geviKov elvai TOV o-re-
<j>avov Kal r; Kadiepcoo"^ ytyveTai, wa fjLrjSels a\\oTpiav
evvoiav Trepl irXelovos Troiovfjievo^ T% TraTpiSos fteipcov
Tr\v ^frv^r]V. A\\ OVK eKelvov TOV ev TTJ K- 47
2*
18 AI2XINOY
la dvapfnjOe'vra arefyavov ov&eis KaOiepol, aXX*
e^ecrri, KeicrrjaOai, wa fir) JJLOVOV avros, aXXa teal ol ef
e/cetvov, e^ovres ev rrj ol/cta TO vTro/jLvrj/jua, fJLTjBeirore
Kaicol TJ]v ^v^f]v t? rov Srjfiov yiyvcovrcu. Kai, &ia
TOVTO TTpocreOrj/cev 6 vo/jLoOerrjs fjbrj KTjpvTTedOai rov d\-
\orpiov (rretyavov ev rat Oearpu), eav fjirj Tfrrj^Knyrai o
877/1-09, iv r] 7roXt9 T) ftov\ofjiev7) TLVCL TWV vfiere'pwv crre-
tfravovv TrpeVySet? Tre/z-^racra SerjOrj rov STJ/JLOV, iva wjpvr-
iSfj r<av ar<f)avovvrc0v vplv, brt,
On, 8 a
avr&v fcovcrare.
NOMOI.
48 Erre&av rotvvv e%arcaru>vre<i v/j.a<; \ejojo-iv a>9 TT/DOCT-
rylyparrrai, ev T&> VO/JLM e^elvau arefyavovv, eav '^r^ta-rj-
rai o 8^//,o9, aTro/jLvrjfjLovevere avrois V7ro/3a\\iv, vcu, ei
ye ere ri,<$ a\\7j 7roXt9 crrecfxivol el Be o Srjfws 6 'A0rj-
valo)v, aTroSeSeiKral GOI ToVo9 OTTOV 8et rovro yeve-
arreiprjrai croi efw r^9 eK/c\7j(rla<; /LM) tcrjpvrreaOai.
To yap a\\o@i, Be fjurjBafjiov o n eo~riv, o\rjv rrjv
jjfiepav \eye' ov yap a7ro8etfet9 &)9 evvopa yeypa(f>a$.
49 "Eo-n Se uTroXotTroV JJLOI fjiepos r^9 /carrjyoplas, efi w
/jLa\.i,ara o-7rou8afa) rovro Be e&riv rj Trpotyaa-is oi, rjv
avrov afyol a-refyavovcrOat,. Ae'yei yap ovra)$ ev rw
Tfr7j(f)l(rfjLari, ica\ rov KJ)pvica avayopeveiv ev ra>
Oedrpq* 7rpo9 roi/9 r 'E\\r]va$ ort, (rretyavol
avr^ov o 8^/1.09 o rcov AOrjvaicov aperrjs evetca
l avSpayaOtas, teal TO fie'yiarov, on,
KATAKTHSISQNTOS. 19
\eycov /cat, irpaTTatv ra api&Ta rat 877//,&).
t A r jr\ov<$ 877 TravTaTrao-iv 6 fiera ravra rj/MV Xoyo? yc- so
yvTai, KOI vfjuiv aKovcracri Kplvai evpadi]^ 8e yap 877
TTOV TOP fjukv KaTrjyopovvTa ep,e. rovO vfuv e
elcrlv ol Kara Alulae 6 evovs ZTTCLLVQI, ^revBels Kal o>5
r y
OVT Tfp^aTO Xeyeiv ra f$e\Tt,cna ovre vvv S^areXet irpar-
TWV TO, av^epovra TO> S?]yLtft). Kav TOVT 7Tt8etfa), 8^-
yca/a>9 877 TTOV rrjv ypa<f)r]v dXwaerai, KTTJO-^COV aTraz/re?
yap a,7rayopevovcrt,v ol vo^oi fjLrjSeva A/rev8^ ypd/jifjLaTa
eyypafaiv ev rot? Brj^ocnoL^ ^frrj^icrfjiaa-t. Ta> 8 a,7ro\o-
rovvavriov TOVTOV Sei/creov evriv. c T/i,et9 8*
y /j ^/ /'/TTI 5.r/
(7O"C7 TO)^ \O<ytt>V KpLTai. ^%^ O OUTW9.
^ya> TOZ^ fjuev /3iov rov Ar)fj,ocr0evov$ e^era^eiv [la- 51
tcporepov \oyov epyov rjyovpai, elvcu. Tl yap 8eZ vvv
ravra \eyi,v, r) ra irepl rrjv TOV rpav/jbaro^ ypa(f>r)v
avrq> crvfJL/3ej3'rjKOTa, or eypatyaro et9 Apeiov Trayov
ATj/jLOfjueXt] rov Ilaiaviea dvetytbv ovra eavrq), /cat TTJV
r^9 K<j>a\rjs eTriTOfjLTjv rj ra Trepi, rrjv K. r rj<f>i,crooTOV
61 arparrjyiav KCLI TOV TMV vecov KTT\OVV TOV 6t9 r E\\rjcr~
TTOVTOV, ore et9 cov TMV Tpirjpdp^cov Arj^oaOevt]^ Kal 52
7rpidy(0v TOV aTpaTrjybv 7rl r^9 vecos Kal avacrtTcov Kal
<rvv0v(i)V Kal (7V<r7rev$a>v, Kal TOVTCDV dt,co0els Sia TO
TraTpiKos avTO) <f>i\o$ eivai, OVK wKvrjaev air eiaayye-
\4tt9 avTOv KpLVOfJbevov Trepi, OavaTov KaT^yopos yeve-
crOat, KOL TavTa TjSrj TCL Trepi MeiStav Kal TOVS KovSv-
\a/3ev ev 777 op^rjcfTpa xopyyo? &v, Kal &>9
TpiaKOVTa pvcov apa Trp> re t9 avTov vfipiv
20 AI2XINOY
teal Tr}v TOV ^J^JLOV KaTa%LpOTOViav, r)v ev Aiovvaov
53 KaTe%eipOTovr)cre MeiSiov. Tavra fiev ovv pot
Kal Ta\\a ra TOVTOLS ofj,oia V7rep^r\aea6ai, ov
TOV awva /caTaaio/jivo<;, a\\ eitelvo
<j)0/3ov/j,evos, firi poi Trap V/JLWV aTrairrrpri TO $o/celv
a\r)6rj \eyeiv, dp%aia Be KCU \iav 6/JLo\,oyoi>/j,eva. Kai-
TOI, w KTVJCT^COV, orq> ra fjieyio-Ta TWV alcr^pwv
earl inara Kal jvwpifia rot? CLKOVOVO-W ware rov Karr\-
yopov /JLT) Sofcelv tyevBrj \eyew, d\\a ira\aia Kal \iav
7rpoa)jj,o\oyr)fj,va, Trorepa avrov Set %pv(rq) crT<j)dvq)
aT(j)avc06r)vai, r) ^eye&Oai, ; Kal ae TOV ^evBrj KO\
jrapavofjia TO\fjLO>VTa ypafaw TroTepa ^prj KaTafypovelv
TCOV Sucacrrrjpiwv, r] Stfcrjv Trj iro\i Bovvai ;
54 Tlepi 8e TWV BTJ/JLOCTICOV dSiKTjfjLciTcov Treipda-ofjuii <ra-
<f)(TTpov eiTreiv. Kal yap TrvvOdvoftai,
<jQivr)v, eireiSav avTois 6 Xoyo? aTroSoOfj,
7T/309 v/jLas w? apa Trj TToKei rerra^e?
ev 0*9 auro9 TreTroX/reirrat. *flv eva /j,ev
TOV XpOVOV V W 7T/309 ^l\t7T7rOV V7Tp
7roXe&)9 e7ro\fjioviiiv TOVTOV 8' d<f>opi^Tai TOV xpo
TTJ yevo/juevrj eiprjvrj Kai avfifJua^Lciy rjv $i\OKpaTrj<; 6
/eat auro9 o5ro9 fier exetvov,
55 eyco e/fft>. AevTepov Se Kaipov <f>rjcri yeve'aOai, ov
V / NJ/ C^-v' ' /
ypovov TTJV eiprivnv, OTI\OVOTI iie'vpi T??9 Tiu,epa$
ev y KaTa\vcra<$ Tr)v vTrdp^ovaav eipyvrjv Trj
o5ro9 pr\TO)p eypatye TOV 7ro\epov TO'I-
KATA KTH2I$QNTO2. 21
rov be ov eiroXefJiovfjLev ^povov /u>e%pi> TTJS arrvyias T^?
ev Xaipwvetq, reraprov Be TOV vvv irapovTa /caipdv.
Tavra Be Karapi,6/ji,7icrafJ,evos, o>? aicov<t3 3 /-teXXe^ fie ira-
pa/ca\e2v /cat, eirepcorav OTTOIOV rovrcov TCDV rerrapcov
avrov Kdip&v Kari^yopco /cat, TTOTC avrov ov ra /3e\-
KCLV
ajroKpivacrOai,, aXh! eyKakvTrTcojjiai, /col d7roS(,&pd<7KQ),
e/c/caXutyew pe ^cn 7rpocre\0a)v Kal a%eiv eVl TO /Srjf^a
K.CLI avayicacreiv aTTOKpwacrOai,. Iv ovv jjLr,6 ovros 56
iO")(y pt&Tai, vfjii<f re TrpoeiSrjre eyco re a
evavriov aoi rcov Swao-rav, Ay po a 6 eves, KCU rcov
OCTOL
yeyovev wiraicoveiv rrjaSe rrj? tcpiaecos
Be OVK o\lyovs irapovras-) aXX* ocrou? ov&els TTW-
nrpos ywva
ort djravTcov TWV Terrapdov Kaiowv
aov, ovs av Siaipfj, KOLV oi re 6eoi OeKwai /col ol 57
i ef tcrou rj/jLwv dicovcrwcri /cdyco fivvco/jiai airo-
d <JQI crvvoiba, TTOLVV TrpoaBoKco eTTioei^eiv
BLtcacrra^ rrjs fJ^kv crcorrjplas Ty TTO\I, TOVS 6eov<$
alriovs yeyevTjfjievovs KCU rovs <f>i\av6pa)7rc0s KCLI />te-
rot? T^? TroXeo)? Trpdj/juao-c xpTjo-a/jievovs, rcov Be
aTrdvrcov A^fJioaOevriv aunov
Kal %pri<ToiJb(U rfj rov \6yov ra^ec ravrrj rjv TOVTOV
irvvOdvofjbai fjLe\\eiv iroielaOcu,, Xefw Be irpwrov Trept,
TOV TrptoTOv Kcupov Kal Sevrepov irepl rov Bevre'pov /cal
rpirov Trepl TOV efagrjs /cal reraprov irepl rwv vvv
22 A 1 2 X I N O Y
TTpayfjiaTcov. Kal Srj CTravayco e/
v, rjv o"v Kdi $i\OKpaTT)$ eypatyaTC.
yap eeyevT av, w avSpes ' AOrjvalot,, Trjv irpo-
Tepav e/ceivrjv elprjvrjv 7roir)cracr0ai, /z-era KOIVOV avve-
Sptov TO>V f E\\7]va)V, i Tt^9 vfjias elaaav TrepijjLewai ra9 62
Trpeo-jSetas 0.9 ^re etf7re7ro//,<oT9 KCLT e/celvov TOV icaipov
et9 TTJV c ?XXaSa, 7rapa/ca\ovvT^ errl 3>l\i7T7rov, yLtera-
o"^elv e E\\rjviKov crvvebpiov /cal TrpolovTO? TOV
irap e/covTcov TWV '-EXX^z/roz/ aTro\a^eiv Trjv f] f
Kal TOVTCOV direo-TepriO^Te Sea ^rjfjLoaOevrjv Kal
KpaTrjv Kal ra.9 TOVTCOV Sa>poSo/aa9, a9 eScopoSoKfjaav
59 avaTavTes eiri TO STJ/JLOCTCOV TO vpeTepov. El Se TKTIV
vfjiwv %ai,(f)vrjs aKova-aaiV a7riaTOTpos
6 TOiovTO? Xoyo9, eK6ivco$ T7]V vrroKoiTTOv
dfcpdao-t,v, co<T7rp oTav Trepl xprjfidTwv dvrf^wfievwv Sta.
TroXXou ypovov KaOe^w^eOa CTTL TOU9 \oyi(r/j,ovs. Ep-
^QfjieOa 8r] TTOV ^euSet9 oiKoOev evioT
KCiTa TCOV \oyicrfjL(t)V * aXX* o/z&>9 7rei$av 6
crvyKecj)a\ai,ci)0f}, ouSa9 t]i^wv eciTiv OVTCO VCTKO\O<; TTJV
cfrvcriv, 6crTi9 OVK a7rep%Tai, Tovd oyL6oXo'y7]cra9 KCLI
eTTwevcras d\rj0e<; elvai o TL av auro9 o Xoyt(7//,09 alpfj.
60 OVTCO Kal vvv TTJV ciKpoaa-LV TroirjcracrOe. El Tives
K TCOV e/jiTrpocrOev %pdvcov TIKOVCTLV olicoOev Toiav-
T7]V Sdt;av, a>9 apa 6 Arj^ocrOevr]^ ovbev
elp1JKV VTTep ^tX/TTTTOL' <TVCTTa<$ fJt,6Ta <&C\,OKpa~
TOU9, - 0<7T9 OVTCO SiaiteiTai, /JLf]T aTTOyVCDTCO
KaTayvcoTco irpiv dfccvTy ov yap Blrcaiov.
KATA KTH2I$GNTOS. 23
eav e/j,ov Sia /3pa%ea)V aKovcnjTe vTroiJUjJLVrio'KOVTO^ rov?
Kaipovs Kal TO tyrifaa-fia Trape^ofjievov o JJLGTCL 3>CkoKpd-
TOU9 eypa^jre Arj/jiocrOevr]?, eav airro9 o rrjs a\7]Qeia<s
ejKaraKa^dvrj rov Arj^oaOevrjv irXeiw peis
Ta ^Tj^lafjiara $i\OKpaTOV$ Trepl rr;? e^ p%^9 61
/col avfifia^la^j tcaO* VTT6pj3o\r]v Se aia^yvr]^
KKo\aKVKOTa <&i\t,7T7rov Kal rot"? Trap' e/ceivov Trpe-
cry8et9 ov/c ava/jLeivavra, CLITIQV Se yeyovora TO) Srj/jL(p rov
fjt,rj yu/era tcowov avvebpiov TWV t E\\r\va>v Tro^aaaOac
elprivrjv, e/cSorov Se ^iX/TTTrw TreTroirjKoa Kepao-
rbv Qpaicri<$ /3a(Ti\ea, avSpa
-TI TroXet, eav rav6' vytiv cra0a)9 e
v/j,a)v /jierplav Serjcriv eTTivevcrcne JJLOU Trpo? Oewv
TQV TTpWTOV TtoV TTTClpQ)V KdlpOOV fl^] /CttXcG? dVTOV
7re7ro\iTevaOai,. Ae^co Be bOev fJiaXia-ra 7rapaKO\ov6i]->
acre.
"Eypatye $i\OKpaTr]s e^elvai ^tX/TTTTft) Sevpo /cripv/ca 62
Kai 7r/3e0-/3e? TrefiTrew Trepi, etpr^r]^ Kai cru^a^ta?
TOVTO TO ^ri^icrfJLa ejpa^rj Trapavoficov. 'IlKov ol rrjs
Kpio-ews xpovoi Karrjjopet, fjiev AVKLVOS o jpa^afjievo^,
aire\ojelTO Se ^tXo/cpaT?/?, avvaTreXoyelro Be Kal AT]-
cnretyvye QikoKpaTT]?. Mera ravra ejrrjei 6
evravO eicrep^erai j3ov-
TO ovevTriov rjLoo-evr?, ovre
ovr eTTtXa^cor, aXX e/c TrapacrKevr)? irpiafjievos, v et9
airavTa Kal \eyot, Kal 7rpdrrot> QiXoKparei,
eSec^e TO epyov. NIKO, yap erepov ^Tq^ncr^a 63
24 A I 2 X I N O Y
, ev o> tce\evet, e\eaOai Be'tca Trpecrpeis, om-
z>9 dfatco/jievot, TTpo? <&i\t,7T7rov dgiaxjovcnv avrov Sevpo
avrotcparopas Tctywreiv inrep TTJS eiprjvijs. Tov-
rjv Aifj^OdOevr]^. Kd/ceWev e
elpr\vr)s, KCU ravra ro?9
yei\, /cat ^ovo? rwv {3ov\vrcov eypatye
TO) KTjpVKl TO) OTTO TOV ^iXlTTTTOV KCLI TOi9
aKo\ov9a ypa(j)Ci)v ^L\OKparei 6 fjue'v ye TTJV e^ovaiav
$a)K TOV Sevpo /cripvKa /cal 7rpe<T/3et9 7re/jL7r<r6ai) 6
64 8e TTJ Trpeo-fieta crirev^erai. Ta 8e fjuera ravra jj&rj
acfro&pa fjioi, TOV vovv Trpocre^ere. E7rpaTTTO jap ov
7T/309 T0f9 aXXoi/9 7Tp(7^^ TOL>9 TToXXa (TVKO(j)aVTrjQeV-
T9 v<TT6pov etc /-66Ta/3oX?;9 VTTO ArifjLoo-Oevovs, aXXa
7T/309 $i\OKpa.Tr)v Kol Ar)fjioo~6e'i"r)v, el
TrpecrftevovTas, a/j,a Be TCL
6 / 7Tft)9 p<r) Trepi/jLeiwrjTe TOVS TrpeajSeis ou9
9 7rapatca\ovvTes et ^XtTTTroi^, iva pr] 63
a\\a>v t E\\r\vayv t aXX* l&la Trot^a-rjaOe Tr]V
65 elprjvrjv SevTepov 8' 07ra)9 ^ fiovov TT)V eiprtvrjv, aXXa
/ca^ (jvpiiaylav elvat, TJrrj(j)ielo-0e Trpbs <&l\i7nrov t 'iv ei
Trpoaeftoiev rw 7r\r]0ei TO) v/jueTepw, 6^9 TT^V ecrj^a-
yLtTrecroiev aQv^iav opwvTes vfJias aurof9 y^te^ ?ra-
paKa\ovvTa<$ ejrl TOV TroXe/xor, ot/coi 8e /AT; p,6vov
yrjv, aXXa /cat av^af^iav e^rj^io-jjievov
TpLTOV be o7Tft)9 Ke/30-oySXe7TT779 o Opafcrjs /3aai\evs
ecrrat evop/cos, yu^Se peTeaTai r^9 o-v^/JLa^la^ teal 7779 et-
p7]i/7;9 auroS. Ilaprjyye'XheTO ' ^87; ITT* auroz/ o-Tpa-
reia.
KATA KTH2I$GNTO2. 25
Kal TavO* 6 fiev e^covov^evo^ OVK rjSl/cei, (rrpo yap 66
TCOV op/ccov teal TCOV avvOrjKcov dvefjLe<T7)TOV rjv avTco
ra avfjicftepovTa), ol 8' aTroSd/Aevoi, /col /ca-
TCI rrjs 7roXeo)9 io")(vpa fjiejak^
7)<jav a^iot,. C O jap /ucraAefai'Spo? vvvl <j)d-
elvai /cal Tore fj,i,o-o<f)l\i,7r7ro$ ATjfjLoaOzvr]'?, o Tr\v
%eviav epol Trpofa'pwv Trjv 'A\%dv$pov, ypdfai, I/TT}-
fyicrpa, Toy? Kdipovs T^? TToXew? vcfraipovfjievos, etc-
K\rjaiav Troieiv TOT)? Trpvrdveis rfj oy&dy Mrra^eWW 67
rov 3 E\a(j>7)/3o\i,(0vos prjvos, or rjv roS ' Ao-fcX.'rjTria) rj
6vcria Kal 6 irpoajtoVf ev rfj lepa rj/juepa, o irpdrepov
yevofjuevov, rwa irpofyacnv Troirjcra-
; f Iva, fyricrw, eav rj^rj Trapuxnv ou 3>i\L7r7rov
Trp ecr/36i9, fiovXevo-rjTai, 6 8^09 e9 ra^tcrra irepl
T0)l> 7TO$ iTTTTOV, TO 69 OV7TO)
vpwv v7TOT[jivo/jL6Vo<? /cat TO TTpaj/Jia
iva pi) /JLTa TWV aXkcov ( E\\riv(t)v 7rave\6dvTcov TCOV
v/jLTe'pcov TTpe'crpecw, d\\a JJUOVOL TTOirfo-rjcrOe Trjv elprj-
vr\v. MeTa 8e Tavra, w avSpes 'AOiyvaioi,, r\KQV ol 68
ol Se vpeTepoi, aTre^rnjiovv Trapa-
VLKO, 4r][jLoo-0evr)s, ev a> ypdfyei fMr)
IJLOVOV vTrep Trjs ipr}vr)<s y a\\a /cat,
JJLTJ TrepijjLevavTas TOVS Trpeo-eis TOVS
v^Tepovs, aXX* evQvs /Ltera TO, Aiovvcna TCL ev
3
26 A 1 2 X I N O Y
TT) oySor) Kal evar?) eiri $e/ca. "On, 8' d\r)6rj
a/covaare ra>v
TOLVVV, <w ' A6r)valoi, 7rape\7]\v0ei ra Aiovv-
cna, eyiyvovTO Se al /cK\r)crtcu, ev &e rrj Trporepa TCOV
efCK\T]o-ia)v dveyvtocrOr) 8oy/>ta ^rrj oy$or) eirl Se'ica^ KOL-
vov TWV crvfjL/jLd%c0v, ov TO, K(f>d\ai,a Bt,a ftpa^eco
irpoepco. TIpwTov ftev jap eypatyav inrep eipT}vr]<$
fjiovov J3ov\vcra<j6ai, TO 8e T?}? ffV/^fUf^W ovopa virep-
e/3?icrav, OVK 7ri\e\r]cr/JLevoi,, d\\a real TTJV elprjvrjv
dvay/ccuorepav r) KaXkiw viro\afi^dvovre^ elvai, 7ret-
70 ra airj}VTir}Gav op9a><; lacro/Jievoi, TO Armoo-Oevovs Scapo-
So/CTj/jia, Kai Trpoaeypa^frav ev TW BOJ/JLCITI, egelvcu TO>
/3ov\o/jiev(t) TCOV *E\\rivu>v ev Tpiai fJLrjcriv et? TTJV
avrr]V GTr\bjr)v dvayeypdcpOat, per 'AOtjvaicov Kal ne-
re'^eiv rwv optcwv Kal rwv crvv6rjfca)v, &vo peyiaTa
TTpOKaraXafjiftdvovTes, irpcorov fJLev rov %povov TOV rrj^
TpijJ/rjvov Tat? TWV *EXk.rivwv Trpeafteicus LKCLVOV ye-
vea6ai Trapao-Kevd^ovres, t-Treira TTJV TWV '
evvouav rfj WXet pera tcoivov <rvve&plov
iv el TrapaftalvoiVTO al avvOrJKa^ pr) /JLOVOL
dirapdcTKevoL TroXe/^rJcra/^e^, a vvv rjfjilv iraQelv crvve-
fty Sid ATjfjLOffBevrjv. ''On 8' d\r)6ri Xeya), e| avrov
TOV Soy/Aaros d/covcravTes paOriaeaOe.
AOTMA 2YMMAXGN.
7 1 Tovrq) TO) Soy/Liari, o-vvenrelv o/^oXoya), Kal TraWe?
ol ev TTJ irpOTepq rcov KK\7jcncov Bijjjbr)jopovvTe<i Kal
KATA KTH2I$GNT02. 27
roiavrrjv TLVCL
fjiev i) eiprivrj, Trept, Be (TV/A^a^ias OVK apetvov
Sia rrjv TWV 'EX^-r^av irapd/fXijaLV
8e tcoivfj fjuera rwv ^XXtrjvayv aTravrcov.
ev yu-eo-ft), /col Traprjfjiev rfj vcrrepala et? rrjv
aiav. 'EvravQa Srj irpoKaTaKa^dvaiV A^
TO /3r)pa, ovftevl rcov a\\a)v TrapaXiTrcov \oyov , ovbev
64 o^eXo? <f>rj rwv %^e? elprj/jLe'vow elvai \oya)V, el
* ol
ov8e yiyvaxr/cew e^rj TTJV
Ov jap e(f)rj Selv (icai jap TO prjfjLa fjLej
arjSiav TOV \ejovro<$ afia KCLL TOV ovo-
elpr\vr)<; rrjv (7VfJifjia%lav, ov&
ra TWV E\\7}va>v avafjieveiv /ieXX^aTa, aXX 77 TTO-
\jjL6iV auTOL/9 rj rrjv elp-rivrjv ISia iroizicrQai. Kal
re\evTcov evrt TO /3r)/jia Trapatca'Xeo-as Avnirarpov
epMTTjfJia TI rjpcoTd, TTpoeiTTMV fjiev a epr\creTai, irpo-
Si$das Se a %pr) Kara T^9 7ro / X&)9 aTTOKplvacrOai.
Kai TeXo9 Tavr evl/ca, TW jjikv \oja) Trpopiacra/jievov
evovs, TO Be ^fni^icrfJLa jpa^ravro^ $i\OKpa-
avrols, e(70e7rTr)v 73
Kal rov 7rl Sparer}? TOTTOV GK^OTOV iroir\(jai t /cat TOUT
eirpa^av eKTT) (j)6tvovTO$ TOV E\a<f)r]l3o\i,(iovo<; /jLyvos,
Trplv 7rl Tr)V vcrTepav airaipeiv Trpeaftetav Trjv ejri,
Tot9 op/covs A^jjLoa-Oevrjv 6 jap //,to~aXef avSpo? KCLL
e cbraf, o vvvi fce\eucov TCOV
28 A I 2 X I N O Y
MarceSovcov /caraTrTveiv. JBt? Be TTJV efCKkycnav, rrjv
rrj c/cTr) \eyco, /caOe^o/jievos /3ov\VTT}<? wv etc Trapa-
74 eTTOirjcre. AavOavei yap 6 fiev ^ikotcpaTrj? ev
fiera TU>V a\\cov
ev oS yeypaTrrat, CLTTQ-
Sovvai, Be TOt>9 opicovs rot? Trpea-fteai, rot?
Trapa Q^nnrov ev rySe rfj rjfj,epa roi/9 o-vvs-
Spovs TCOV <rv jjLfjLaxtov. Hapa Se Kepao/3\e-
TTTOV (TvveSpos OVK eKaOrjTo ypatycis Be rof? crvve-
Spevovra? ofjivvvou rov K.6pcro/3\e7rTrjv ov <rvve$pevov7a
7$ efe/cXeicre rwv op/cwv. "On 8' aXvjO?) Xeyw, avayvcoOt
fJLOi r/9 rjv o ravTa ypa\jra<? teal T/9 o ravra eTTt-
A. HPOEAPO2.
Ka\ov, a> avSpes *A6j]valot, /ca\ov rj
(f>v\atC7] afcivrjrov yap eari /cat, ov O-V/JL-
rot9 avrop,6\ov(n,v Iv rrj TroXtre/a, aXX*
rco SrJyLtw, oTrorav /3ov\r)rai, crvvi&elv rovs
ev Trovrjpovs, e/c /jLra/3o\r]<; 8' aftou^Ta9 elvai
76 'TTroXotTroz/ 8' eery/ /Jioi TrjV /co\a/celav avTov Sie-
feX^etf. A^fjuocrOevr]^ yap, w avSpes 'AOyvaloi, eviav-
TOV f3ov\evcras ovSefuav TrcoTrore (fravelrai, Trpecrffeiav
et9 TTpoeSptav Ka\ecra<;, aXXa Tore TTpcorov /col JJLOVOV
7T/)eo-/3et9 et9 TrpoeSpiav eWXeo-e /tat Trpoafce^aXaca
KOI <f)owi,tclas TrepieTrerao-e /cai apa ry ypepa
KATAKTH2I$ftNT02. 29
TO 19 TT peer ft caw ei<$ TO Oearpov, Mare K<U av-
Sea rrjv do"^rjfjLoo-vvrjv Kal K0\cucei,av. Kcu
or arrrjeaav et<? &T]/3a<?, efjaorOwaaro avrols Tpt,a ^evyrj
opifca Kal TOU9 Trpeo-fteis TrpovTre^^ev 6i? Orjffas, Ka-
Taye\a(TTOV rrjv iroXiv TTQIWV. "Iva 8* e-TTt T^? VTTO-
wo), Xa/3e //-ot TO ^^icrfjia TO Trept 7779
A.
Toivvv, w avSpes * AOyvaloi,, 6 Trj\LKovTO<$ TO 77
Ko\a Trpajro? Sta TWV /caTacr/coTrcov TCOV TCCL-
pa XapiSrjfjiov TrvOofievos Ti]v <&t,\i7T7rov Te\evTit]V TCOV
fjbev Of.wv avfji7r\acra<; eavTw evuTcviov Kare^evaaTOy w?
ov Trapa XapiSrifjiov TO TrpajfAa TreTrvcrfAevo?, a\\a
rrapa TOV Aib<$ teal TT;? ' ' A6rjva^ y ou? /-tefl' rjpepav
vvKTwp (prjcrlv eciVTto $id\eyeo'6ai, KOI TO,
, vrpo'Xe'yeiv, e/BSojmrjv 8' rj/jie'pav r^9
TT\evTrjKvia$, TCQLV TrevOrjcrai, KCU,
TCL vo^i^p^eva 7roifj<rai,, o-Tecfravtoo-a/jievos tcai \evftrjv
e.<jQr\Td \a{$(DV eftovOvTei KCU irap^vofjiei,, Trjv fjLovrjv o
8e/Xato9 Kal TTpwTrjv CIVTOV TraTepa rrpocreiTrova-av airo-
Xecra9. Kal ov TO $v<mrfflf*a oveio'ifo, a\\a TOV 78
TpoTrov eferafa). 'O yap /McroTefcvos KCU TraTrjp TTO-
vrjpos OVK av 7TOT6 jevoiTO Sijfjiaycoybs Xprjo-Tos, ov&e
6 Ttt (j)L\TaTa KCU, olfceioTaTa crwyu-ara /JLTJ o-Te'pywv
ovBeiroO vjjias rrepl TrKeiovos TcoiJ\(jeTai TOU9 aXXo-
Tpiovs, ov$e ye 6 iBla Trowrjpos OVK av TTOTC yevoiTO
65 Srj[jLO(Ti,a XpTjcrTos, ouS' S(TTi<s eoTTiV oiKOi <f>av\o$,
3*
30 A 1 2 X I N Y
?]V ev MaKeBovta Kara TTJV Trpea/Betav
yaOos ov jap TOV TpoTrov, aXXa TOV TOTTOV JJLOVOV
79 TloOev ovv eiri rrjv fj,eTa/3o\r)V r]\6e TWV Trpa-
y/jLaT(i)V (ouro9 yap ecrnv 6 Sevrepos tcaipos), Kal rl
TTOT ecrrl TO alnov OTI ^i\OKpaT^ /jiev UTTO roov
avrwv 7ro\LT6v/jLarci)v AyfjiOdOevei fyvyas air
yeyevrjrai,, A^^oo-Oevr)^ Se eirecmj rcov
, KOI TroOev TroO 7?/xa? et? ra? aru^ta? o
avOpcoTTOS eyitySeySX^/ce, ravr rjSrj SiafapovTO)?
80 afyov eaTLV aKov&ai,. */29 jap ra^Lara eiaco Hv\u>v
7rap7j\0 teal ra? re ev $G)Kvai,
vfuv eSofcei, Trepcurepa) TOV /caipov KCU, TOV
o-vpcfiepovTos laxvpovs KaTecricevacrev, v/JLel? Be ex TWV
dypwv fyoftrjOevTes eo-fcevaycoyrio-aTe, ev rat9
8' rjcrav aiTiais ol TTpeafieis ol TTJV elpr]vr)v
erai/T9, TTO\V 8e TWV a\\a>v SiafapovTO)
Kal AijfjLoaOevrjs oia TO pr) fiovov TTpeafleveiv, a\\a
si Kai, TO, "^(f)lo-fjLaTa yeypa<l>e'vcu (crvvejBri 8' ev rot9
povoLS SiafyepecrOai, TI ArjfjLoo-Oevrjv Kai *tXo-
o"%e$bv vTrep TOVTCOV vjrep a)V Kai, vpel? av-
vTrcoTTTevcraTe Sieve^6r)vai,J ToiavTys Se efJLTTi-
apaxfjs //-era TWV crv/JicfrvTWV vo&TjfjiaTcov au-
T&) 77877 ra yitera TavTa efiovKeveTO, /^era SetX/a9 Kal
T779 7T/309 $i\OKpaTr]v VTrep TIJS SwpoSoKias %r)\oTV7rlas,
Kal rjjricraTO, el TWV crv/jiTrpeo-flevovTwv Kai TOV
KATA KTH2I$GNTO2. 31
TTOV /caTrjfyopo? avafyaveirj, rov ftev $t,\OKparrjv
Xo>9 aTToXeladai, rovs Be aXXoi>9 o-v^Trpear/Be^ tcivBv-
vevaetv, avros B evBoKifirio-eiv KCLI TrpoBorrj? cov r&v
(j)i\cov teat, TTQvrjpos TTLO-TO^ ra> ST^O) ^>avt](jeaQai.
8* avrov ol rfj TV)? TroXew? 7rpoo-7ro\e- 82
a aafJLevoi 7rapeKa\ovv eiri, TO /Sr^a, rov
dScopoSdfctjTov ovofjid^ovTes rfj TroXet o 8e Trapiciw
avrot? eveSiSov TroXe/zou /ca^ Tapaxfjs. Ovros
ecrriv, a> avSpe? ' AOrjvaloi, 6 irpa)TO<$ e^evpcov Seppiov
teat, Aopiaicov Kau Epjio-Krjv KCLI
l Tdvos /col Tavl&a, ^(opia a>v ovSe ra
Trporepov. Kat e? TOVTO (frepcov Trepiecrrrjo-e ra
war el
avrbv (>r T9 Troew?, e
7re/ji7retv, aXX ov TrpecrfBeLs. El Se ITTL- 83
e6e\ot> vroXet nvl lay /coi ofjuoiq irepl ra>v
, ovtc elvai Kpirrjv icrov rjfuv e^rj Kal $i-
r A\ovwr)(TOV &i$ov o 8' cbTTi^jopeve IJLTJ Xa//.-
fidvew, el StScoa-w, d\\a /jur) diro^i^aicn, Trepl crv\\a/3a)v
Kal TO re\evTalov <TTe(f>ava)<ras TOU?
" Apiaro^r]^ov els SeTrakiav Kal Majvrjo-lav Trapa
rrjs eip7}vr)<$ a-vvOrj/cas eTno-rparevcravra^ rrjv /ACTS
Lp7]vrjv $i,e\vcre, T^V Be crvfjityopav /cal rov 7ro / Xe//,oi>
Trapea-fcevaaev.
Nat, aXXa ^aX/^ot9 /cal dBa^avrivoi^ rel^ecnv, 9 84
avT09 </>^crt, rrjv ^pav rjfjbwv eTet%i,cre, ry TWV Ev/3oe'cov
KCLI @r)/3alo)v crvfjifjia%ta. '^XX*, w avSpe? '
32 AI2XINOY
Trepl ravra rpla /jLeyiara ^SiKrjcrOe Kal /jt,a\iaTa rj
STrevScov 6 elTrelv Trepl rrjs 6avfj,a(TTrjs
, iv
Evffoe'wv TTpcorov /j,vr)(r()r}crofj,ai.
'Tyu-et? y/>, w ' AOrjvaloi,, 7ro\\a Kal fieyaXa T)$(,KTJ-
fjLevoi VTTO Mvrjo-dp^ov rov XaX/ctSeo)?, rov Ka\\iov
Kal TavpoaOevovs Trarpos (ou? ouro? vvvi ILIG&QV \a-
elvcu roX/^a ypdfaiv^, Kal 7rd\iv VTTO
TOV Eperpiecos, 09 TJ/ACOV ip7]vrj<; ova^s
'flpwTT^ov d(f>ei\ero, TOVTCDV eKoirres 7ri\avOavofj,evoi,
7ret8^ Sieffrjcrav el? Evfioiav Orjfiaioi, KaraSov\(oo-a-
(?6ai ra? TroXef? Treipcofjuevoi,, ev TreWe rjfiepais efioijOri-
arare avTols Kal vavdl Kal Tre^fj Swapd, Kal irpiv rpid-
Kvpioi, T?;9 Ev/3ota<; yevdpevot,, Kal T09 re Tro
Kal SiKaia)<; rot9 Tra- ce
e'vois, ov% r/yovfjievot, SiKaiov elvai rrjv opyjjv
86 dirofjivrj/jLoveveiv ev TOO TTiaTevOrjvai. Kal rr)\iKav&'
v<f> vfjiwv ev TreTTOvOdres ol XaX/ctSe^ ov ra9 o/Wa9 VJM.V
cLTreboa-av %dpi,Ta$, aXX* erreiSr] ra^icrTa Sie/BrjTe et9
Ev/3oiav n\ovTap^(i) poTjOrjcrovres, T0f9 ftev 7rp&)TOf9
oVoi/9 aXX* ovv TTpOGeTToiovvO' VJMV elvai <f>l\oi,, eVetS^
et9 TajJivvas 7rap7)\0o/j,ev Kal TO KorvXaiov
0/309 V7rep/3d\\ofjiev, evravOa KaXX/a9 o
v<; (ov ArjfJLOffOevrjs /jLi(70apvwv
87 Op&V TO (TTpaTOTTeBoV TO T?79 7TO / X6ft)9 69 Ttl>a9
p/a9 KaTaKeK\et/Jievov t 06 ev pr) VIK^GCLGI /Jbd^rjv OVK rjv
KATAKTH2I$GNTO2. 33
ovSe jSoriOetas eXvrt? OVT e/c yrjs OVT e/c
6a\aTTr}<$, o-vvayeipas e aTcaat]^ rrjs Ev/3oia<; arparo-
ireSov Kai Trapa 3>iki7nrov Bwafuv irpoaaeTa'jreiJb'^raae-
z>09, o T aeX<o9 avrov Tavpoadevr]?, 6 vvvl Travras
/cal TTpocryeXwv, TOW $COKI,KOVS %evovs Sia-
cras, r)\6ov ecf) T^ias &>9 dvacprjaovTe^. Kai el 83
fir] TrptoTov [lev 6ea)v rt? ecraxre TO <TTpaT07re$ov, eVet^'
ol GTpaTitoTcu ol vpvrepoi Kai Tre^ol Kai ^TTTret? avBpe?
ayaOol eyevovro KOI Trapa rov iTTTroSpofJiov rov ev Ta-
fjLvvaw e/c Trapara^ea)^ ^XV K P aTr i (7ai ' T( > atyelcrav VTTO-
(nrovSovs TOVS TroXe/uou?, eKiv&vvevaev av rjjjtwv r]
aKT"^iG"ra TraOelv ov yap TO
Kara
eo-Ti, /caicov, a\\ oTav rt? Trpos
ava^lovs eavrov Sia/civo'vvevcov a
elvai, Tr)V a-VfJL^opdv. '-4XX* 0/16)9 vfi,els ToiavTa
oTes ira\(,v BLeXvcrao-Oe Trpos avTovs.
wv Be o-vyyvcD/jLTj^ trap* vuwv Ka\\ias 6 Xa\Kt>- 89
\IV fj/ce fapouevos et9
Tr)V eavTOV <j)ixn,v, Evftolfcbv /JLev rw \6ya) crvve'Spiov
6t9 Xa\iclSa (rvvdycov, lo")(vpav Se Trjv Evffoiav e<f>
vuas epjM TrapacrKevd^cov, e^aipeTov 8' aura) Tvpav-
. Kai TavTrj? e\7rta)v o-vvaya)-
et9 Ma/ceSovav
irepirjei fieTa ^tXtTTTrou, Kai, TWV eTaipcov efc a>z/o-
%TO. ' A$i,K7]o'a<; Se QiKiTrrrov KaKelOev aTroSpas vTre- 90
Xey eavTov cfrepow @rj/3aioi,$. EyKaTa\t,7rcov 8e
Kelvovs, Kai 7rXe/of9 TpaTcouevos TpoTras TOV Evpt-
34 A I 2 X I N O Y
TTOV Trap bv (pfcei, et? ueo-ov Turret, -7-779 re Grjpaicov
/cai, Trjs $i\i,7r7rov. ATTO^WV Bon
w, icai 7rapayye\\ofjievrjs err avrov 77877
e\7riBa XOLTTTJV KaTelBe o-a)Tr)pias evopKOV \a/3eiv
TOV Brjuov TCOV ' A6r)vaiu>v, GvyLpayov
porjOrio-euv el Ti9 CTT avrbv loi o 7rpo&rj\ov
91 JJLCVOV, el p,ri vfj,eis KO)\vaeT. Taura Se
a7ro(7Te\\i, Sevpo TrpeVyQet? T\avKerr)v /cal
Scova /cal AioSaypov TOV 8oXt^oSpo/Lt7;o-ai^ra, fa'povra?
TO) fikv Bri/jL(D e\7T/Sa9 Kevds, drj/jLOffOe'vet, S' dpyvpiov
\* \>/ rrf/^>9<\r/ .
teat, Tot? Trepi avTov. 1 pta C rjv a a/ta egayveiro,
TOV pev fir) St,ao-(j)a\rjvai TT}? TTpos vfias
ovSev yap rjv TO yitecro^, el /J,v7}<r6el<; rwv Trporepajv dSi-
V7rrjp%ev avrw rj <j>evyet,v etc Xa\#/8o9 ^ reOvdvai ey/ca-
Ta\ij<j>QevTi, TTJXifcavrai, Swa/teis CTT avrov eTrecrrpa-
revov, 77 re $tX/7r7rou /cat Qrj{3ala)V. Aevrepov 8* 77-oi/
ot /JLiaOoi TO) ypa^jravri rrjv o~v/A/J,a%iav VTrep TOV fjirj
(TvveSpeveiv 'AQrivrjcri, Xa\KiBeas, TpiTov Be wcrre urj
92 reXeti/ o~vvTd^et<;. Kai, TOVTCOV TCOV 7rpoat,peo-ea)v ovBe-
/u,ta9 aTrerir^e Ka\\/a9, a\V o fJLio~OTVpavvo<s Arj/jiocrOe^
1/779, W9 auro9 TTpocrrroieiTai, (ov <f>r}(ri, Krr](n,(^wv ra
93
\eyewj, dir&OTo /j,ev roi/9
7roX,e&)9, eypa-^re B ev Trj o-vaua^ia /3or}6elv
Xa\K&ev(ri, prjua povov avTt,rcaTa\\a!;a/j,evos, OVT\
TOVTCOV evcfrrjutas eveica Trpoa-ypa^jras XaX/Sea9 ^077-
Oelv eav Tt9 77 CTT AOrjvaiovs ra9 Be o-vveBpias KOL 67
KATA KTH2I$GNTO2. 35
Ttt9 avvTa^eis, ef wv icr^yaeLV o TroXe/409
apBrjv aTreSoTO, KaXkia"roi<$
Kal T&> \dyqy
irporepov iroielaQai rot9 aet,
a r9 evepyeatas. "Iva 8' ev elSrjre ore d\rj6rj
\eyco, \a/3e JJLOI, rr]v K
dvayvcoOt, TO tyrj
KCLI
TOIVVV TOUT <TTA SciVOV, t KCUpOl, TreTTpaVTCH, M
Kal crvveSpiai /col crvvTageis, d\\a TTO\V
rovrov Seivorepov V/MV <j>avr}creTai o /le'XXa) \ey6iv.
yap TOVTO f JTpoj]')(jdr] Ka\Xta9 fJt>e
Kal 7r\0^6f/a9, AijponOetnfi &e, ov
VJ BcopoSofclas, ware ra9 ef flpeov
/col Ttt9 ef ^Eperpias, ra Se/ca ra\avra t opcovTcav (j)po-
VOVVTC0V /3\7TOVTO)V \aOoV VfJiCOV V(f)e\.dfJLeVOl, Kal TOU9
e/c TMV 7rd\d)V TOVTWV avv&povs Trap V/JLCOV fJbkv dve-
crTrjcrav, ira\iv Be t9 XaX/c/8a /col TO Ka\ovpevov Ev-
ftoitcbv ow&ptov Gvvrfya^ov. *Ov Be Tpoirov Kal Si
yrj^jLaTCOv, TavT 77877 aidv eaTiv dtcovcrai.
yap 777309 vfjuas oviceTt, $H dyye\a>v, aXX* 95
o KaXX/a9, Kal 7rape\0a)i> et9 Tr]V KK\,r)alav Xo-
you9 Bierj\6e KaTeo-Kevacrfievovs VTTO
Elire yap 9 tfxoi, eK He\OTrovvricrov vecocrTi
els eicaTov Ta\dvTU>v TrpdcroBov eiri
oaov
AI2XINOY
uev Trdvras Kal Meyapeas e^/covTa raXavra, ra<; 8*
GG ev Ev/3ota TroXet? diracras TerrapaKovra e/c Be TOVTCOV
TU>V %pr)/JLaTCi)V vjrap^eiv Kai vavritcrjv /cat, Trefyv Bvva-
jiiv elvai Be TroXXou? /col aXXou? TMV
tcowwvev TTS o-vvraea)^ ; ere ovre
/uarcov ovre err par LCD? wv eaeaOai cnropiav. Kai, rav-
TO, fjikv ra (fravepd' Ufa Be /ecu Trpd^eis Trpdrreiv ere-
pas Si diroppriTwv, Kal TOVTU>V elval rivas /JLaprvpas
TCOV rjinereptov TroXtraj^, /col re\evTa>v ovofJLao"rl TrapeKa-
Xet At]fjioo-0evrjv Kai avvenrelv r)% iov *
97 'O Se cre/Jivccs TTCLVV 7rape\0o)v TOV re Ka\\iav virep-
eiryvet, TO re airoppriTOV TTpocreTro^craTO e&evai rrjv
8 etc UeXo7rowT]crov Trpeafieiav, rjv eTrpe&ftevcre, KCU
rrjv ef ^Aicapvavias ecf)rj j3ov\ecr6ai, vjuv a7rayyel\ai.
'Hv 8 avrq> Ke<f>a\aiov TWV \o<ya)V Travras fjuev IIe\o-
Trovvrja-tov? vTrdp^ew, iravras 8 AKapvavas o-vvrera-
eVt ^/TUTTTTOI/ v<j> eavrov, elvat, Be TO o-v
fjuev et? e/caTov vea>v Ta^yvavTOvawv
Kal et? Trefou? cTT^artwTa? pvptovs KOL LTnreas yi-
98 X/OU9, virdp^eiv Be Trpos TOVTOIS Kal ra? TroXtr^^a? Bvvd-
/jiew, eK Il\07rovvr)crov i^ev TrXe/oi^a? TJ Bt,o"%i\LOV 5 oTrXt-
ra?, ef *AKapvavias Be eVe/oou? TOCTOVTOVS BeBoaQai, Be
CLTTO TrdvTcov TOVTCOV TrjV rjje/jiovlav V/JLIV Trpa^Orio-eaOai,
Be TavTa OVK et9 jjuaKpdv, aXX* et? TTJV eKTijV eTrl BeKa TOV
' Av6eo~T r ripiwvQ<$ fAqvos ' eiprio~6ai, jap ev rat? Tro\eoriv
vcj) eavTOv Kal 7raprjyye\6ai, TrdvTas yKeiv <rvveBpev-
99 GOVTas ^AOrjva^e el$ Tr)V r jravo~e\ i r)VQV. Kai yap TOVTO
KATA KTH2I$GNTO2. 37
av0pa)TTo$ L&IOV /cal ov KQIVQV iroiel. Ol pev jap
aXXod. d\aoves orav TI ^evScovrai,, aopiara /cat, a
Treipwvrat, \eyeiv, (froftovuevoi, TOV e\ey^pv
8* orav akatpvevijTai, irpwTOV p^ev fA@* op/cov
i, ea)\t,av enrapw^evo^ eavra), Sevrepov e,
a ev olSev ovSeirore ecropeva, ToXyu-a \eyeiv d
OTroV eVrat, Kai a)V TQ crw/^ara ov% ecopa/ce, rov-
ra ovojJLdTa \eyet,, K\e7TTQ)v TTJV aKpoaaiv Kai
rov? TOiKfY]Qri Xeyoz/ra?. Aio Kai o-
ecrTi, fjbio'eldOaij OTL irovrjpb^ wv /cal ra
eia $ia(f)6etpei,.
Tavra S' enrtov Sibroaw avajvwvai ->|r9]<^tcryu,a TO> 100
rypajji/JiaTel fiaicpoTepov [JLGV rrjs 'JX/aSo?, KevoTepov Be
TCOV \oyo)v ov? eiwOe \4yetv Kal rov jBiov ov
68 pecrTov 8' e\7ri8cov OVK eaopevtov /cal
ovBeTTore crvKkejricrofJLevwv. ATrayaycav 8 v/j,as airo-
6ev aTTO rov /cXefji/AaTos /cal avaKpejJidaas dirb TU>V
\7n,S(t)V, evravOa Srj o-vaTpetyas ypafai, K\6vcov
e\eo-0ai, Trpecr/rtet? et? Eperpiav, oirwe<; Serjaovrat,
TCOV 'Eperpiecov (TTOLVV yap eSet SerjOfivai,^, fMjicert
SiSovai rrjv avvrafyv vfuv ra irevre rakawra, d\\a
Ka\\ia, KCLI 7ra\iv erepov? aipeiaOai et? flpebv TT^O?
rof? '/2/3e/ra9 Trp e'er flew, omz/e? Serio-ovrat, TOV avrov
A07]vatoi<? (j)l\ov Kau e^Opbv voy^i^iv elvau. "ETreira 101
avacfratverai, Trepi, aTravrcov ev T&> tyrjffrio-fiaTi, TT^OO?
TO) Kke^fian <ypai\ra<? /cal ra TreWe rd\avra TOU?
afyovv TOU? flpelras arj vpAVy a\\a Kd\\la
4
38 A I 2 X I N O Y
8 a\r)6ri Xey&>, d(f)\cov TOV KO/JLTTOV
fcal TcW Tpiripeis Kal T^V d\a%ovelav dvdjvcodt, Kal
TOV /eXe'yLfc//,aT09 cutyai, o v<j>el\eTO 6 /-ua/309 KOI dvd
, ov <>r)(ri, rrja-iwp Ka ev
SiareXew \eyovra /cal irpdrrovTa ra apiara ra>
A.
102 OVKOVV ra9 /^ez/ Tpirjpeis KCU Trjv- irefyv arparuav
Kal TTJV Trava-eX.'rjvov /cal rou? crvv&povs Xoyw r)Kov-
crare, ra? 8e crvwrd^eis TWV av/jL^a^wv, ra 8ea ra-
Xaz^ra, pyq> aTrcoXeVare.
103 ^TroXoiTTOv Be fjiol ecrTiv euTrelv OTI \a/3a)v rpia rd-
\avra fjucrdov TTJV yvay/Ji'rjv ravryv eypatye Ar^jioaOevri^j
Tokav-Tov fj,ev e/c XaXiciSos irapa Ka\\iov, rd\avTov 8'
ef 'Eperpia? irapa K\irdp^ou rov Tvpdvvov, rd\avrov
3e ef 'D,p6ov, Sio /cal Karafyavrjs eyevero,
iravra irpaTrovrwv yu-era
er//,aTO9. 'E%avr)\c0f4evoi, jap ev TO)
Kdi 7ravre\a)s aTropcos SiaKeifjuevoi,
avrov rvcoo-iSrjfjLov TOV Xapiyevovs VLOV rov
os TTOTC ev flpew, Serjao/Jbevov avrov TO
ev rd\avrov d(f>elvai rfj TroXei, e7rayye\ovfj,evov 8'
104 avro) %a\Krjv eitcova a-raOriaecrOat, ev 'flpew. ( O Be
dfreKpivaTO TW rV&xriSrjyiift) on e\a%i<7Tov %a\KOv
ovdev BeoiTO, TO 8e rd\avrov &ia TOV KaXXtou ei,<T7rpaT-
reiv. AvajKa^o/jievoL Be 01 flpelrai KCLI OVK evTropovv-
T69 inreOecrav avr& TOV Ta\dvTov Ta
KATAKTH2I$flNT02. 39
o'Soi>9, Kai TOKOV qvey/cav ATjfJLoaOevei, rov
//,aT09 8pa%fjLr)v rov [JLTIVQ? r?}? JJLVCLS, eo>9 TO
. Kai ravr CTrpd^Orj ^e-ra cryLtaTO? rov
i/uiov. "On 8e ra\7]6rj Xeyw, \djSe poi, TO
Tovr earl TO "\]rri(f)(,(r/jia, w avSpes 'AOrjvaloi,, ai- 105
vvr) jj,ev T^? Tro'Xea)?, eXey^o? 8e ov fjurcpos
o\i,Tv/jidT6)v, <j>avpa 8e Karrjryopi
Toy yap ouTft)? aia^pw^ ScopoSoKOvvra OVK
eo~Tiv avSpa ^eyovevai d<ya6ov, a TTo\fjLrjKV OVTO?
ypatyai, ev TO) ^rj^ta-^aTi.
EvravO* %&rj reraicrat, KO,L o Tpnos TCDV icaipcov, 106
8 o TTOLVTCOV iriKpoTaros ^povos, ev a>
K.ai TTJS 7roXea>9
TO tepoi> TO e
a&iKov Se /cat ou^a/^w? to~?7f T7^y Trpo? OrjjSaiovs
Be CITTO TCOV et9 TOV9 6eov<$
avTov Tr\'rjfjLfjL6\,r]fjLdTcov \eyew.
Ecm, yap, w avSpes ^ AQ^vcdoiy TO Kippcuov two- ior
/co v o y{w eato-T09 /ffal 7ra-
ez/09. Tavrrjv TTOTC
K7]crav Kippaloi, Kai 'AfcpayaXktSai, yevrj
rara, oi et9 TO tepoz/ TO e^ Ae\fyol<$ Kai TCL dva6r]iJLaTa
rjaeftovv, e^rjfMapravov 8e /cat et9 TOU9 Au<fn,KTvova<?.
'AyavaKTricravTe? 8* ?rt T0t9 yiyvofjievow jjiakio-ra ftev,
W9 \eyovrai, OL irpoyovot, ot v^erepoi, eTreira Kai 01
40 AI2XINOY
aXXoi Afji<f)LKTvoves fjuavreiav e/jLavTevaavro Trapa TOJ
Oea), Tivi, yjpj] Tificopia Toi>9 avOponrovs TOUTOV? /-tereX-
108 Oelv. Kal avTols avaipei rj HvOia 7roXe//,etz/ Kippaiois
Kal *A/cpa<ya\\t8ai,s iravr Jj/jLara Kal Trdaas VVKTCLS,
KCU, Tf]v ^wpav avTwv eKTropOrjaavras KCU avrovs av-
SpaTroSicra/jLevovs avaOelvat, r<x> ' A7ro\\a)vi, TCO TlvOia*
/cat, AprefjuSi, KCU ATJTOI Kai AOrjva Upovoiq TTL
Trcrr) epya, Ka ravTrjv rr)V X^pav -/JLTIT avTov? ep-
a\\ov eav.
8e rov ^prjcr/Jiov ol A/jt(f>i,KTvoves e-
etTroWo? *AOrpaiov rrjv
3O9 Kal vo/jLoOeTrjaai, Svvarov Kal Trepi
Kal <f)Ckoao$>iav SiaTerpi<f)OTO<;, eTTLcrrpareveiv eVt TOU?
109 evayels Kara TT\V pavreiav rov 6eo\j /cat o-vvaOpolo-av-
T? Svva/j,i,v iKavrjv TWV 'A/jLcfriKTVovayv efyvbpaTroSi-
<ravro TOW dv6 ptoirovs KOI TOV XtyiteW e%cocrav Kal
oX
rrjv TTow avrwv Kareo-Kaav Ka rr)V xapav avrwv
rl
Kara TTJV fiavreiav Ka err TOVTOL? op-
KOV co/jLoaav icr^ypov /JLT)T avrou rrjv ipav yrjv epya-
<Tcr6ai /jLTfT aXXw eTTLTpetyeiv, aXXa ftorjOricreiv TOJ
0ea> Kal rr) yfj TTJ icpa Kal X^ipl Kal TroBl Kal Trdcrrj
no Swa/met,. Kai, OVK aTre^pTjcrev avrols rovrov povov rov
V ofjiocrai, aXXa Kal TrpoaTpoTrrjv Kal dpav \<ryypav
inrep TOVTCOV tTroiricravTO. TeypaTrrat, yap OVTGOS ev TTJ
dpa t el T9 rdSe (frrjol Trapaftaivoi, r) ?roXt9 */
iSicDTTj? ?) e6vo<$, evayrjs <f>rj(riv ecrTco TOV
'A 7TO XX 0)1/0 9 Kttl T?}9 > -4jOT6 / /Z,t8o9 Kttl AT]-
KATA KTH2I$QNTO2. 41
TOU9 Kal *A6ijva<; Upovoias. Kal eTrev^erai in
M]T yrjv /capTrovs cfrepeiv jjurjre yvvaiKas re/cva
yovevcriv eoiKora, d\\a repara, /Ltrjre /3oovo?-
Kara (pvaiv <yova<$ iroielcrQcu, r\Trav 8e avrols
7TO\/J,OV KCU SltCCOV KCU CLOCOV, Kttl
Kai avrovs Kal al/cla? KOL yez/o? TO e/cewcov. Kai,
(>r)cri.v ocr/w? Ovaaiev TO>
ry 'ApTe'faSi, fji^jSe rfj ATJTO?
Tlpovota, fiySe Seffaivro avrols ra
lepd. "On, S' d\r)0rj \eja), avayvwOi, TTJV TOV Qeov 112
fiavrelav. 'A/covo-are TT}? dpa?. ' ' Avafjuvrio-6r)Te ra>v
ol irpoyovot, pera TWV *AfjL<f)i,KTvdva)V
MANTEIA.
Ov TTplv TrjaSe 770X7709 epei^rere Trvpyov eXoWe?,
Tlpiv y 6eov Te/jLevrj KvavcoTTiSos ^A^LTpir^
Kvfjia 7roTiK\vty K\aSovv iepalo-iv TT a/era??.
'OPKOI. APA.
Tavrr]<; r^9 dpas Kal TWV opKcov Kal rrjs /AavTetas 113
vayeypajji^vwv eW KOI vvv, ol AoKpol ol
fjia\\ov Be ol irpoecrrrjKore^ avrwv avSpes
, eTreipya&vro TO TreSiov, Kai rov
TOV e^ajKTTov Kai eTraparov iroCkiv erefyicrav Kal crvvq)-
Kiaav, Kai re\rj TOU9 KaraTrKeovras efeXeyoi/, Kai
, wv et9 v\v Arjjuoo'Qe'vrjs. XeiporovrjOel? yap 114
irapa
4*
42 AI2XINOY
ev
TU>V A/i,(f)io-o~e(i)V TOV fj,r)$fuav fiveiav ire pi
rot? A^iKTVOQ-i Tcon}<jacrQai. AitoiJLO\oyri6'r] ' avrco
KOI et? TOV \oi7Tov
rov evuavTOv e/cacrTOV JJLVCLS SIKOGI TCOV
o-evcriv 'AQrivycri, KCITO, TrdvTO, TpoTrov oOev eW fia\\ov
r) 7rpoTpov o-vfjL@e/3r)/cv avTw, OTOV av
dvBpb? 77 iSiwTov rj Svvd&TOV rj TroXeo)?
fJLewrjS, TOVT&V e/caaTOV? aviaTQis KaKois 7rpi/3a\\eiv.
us ^Sfce^fraaOe Srj TOV Saltiova KOL TTJV Tv%rjv, ocrto T
TCOV *A/j,(f)icrcrea)v dae/Bela^. 'JEvrt yap
'XQVTOs, iepofjivr)/jLovos OVTOS ALO^VT^TOV Ava-
7rv\a<yopov<; vfJiels ei\e<r6e MeiSiav re
Kelvov TOV 'Avayvpdcriov (ov e/3ov\ojj,7jv av TTO\\COV
eve/co, fy~jv), KCU QpacrvK\ea TOV ef Otou, /cat TpiTOV
8e //-era TOVTWV e/^e'. 2vve'/3rj 8* rj/juv dpTio)$ JJLCV
ei? Ae\<f)ov<; a^l^ai, 7rapa%prj{JLa Be TOV
AioyvrjTOV TrvpeTTeiv TO 8 avro TOVTO
lie teal TW MecSiq. Ol 8 aXXot o-vve/cd07]VTO
ves. 'E^TjyyeXXeTO 8' TJ/MV irapa TWV /3ov\Ojneva)V 70
evvoiav evBet/cvvaOai, TTJ TroXet, OTL ol ' Afjifyicro-eis VTTO-
Tore /cal Seiva)? OepcnrevovTes TOU? @rj-
elaefapov Soyfjia KCLTO, 7^5 vp
TrevTT}KOVTa TdkdvTOLS fyjfMtocrai, TOV Brjfjuov TCOV '
valcov, OTL xpvaas ao-TT/Sa? dvedefiev Trpos TOV tcaivov
vecov Trplv egeipydcrOai, KOL eTreypd^ra^ev TO Trpoarj/cov
'AOrjvaioi diro Mr/Boyv /cal
KATA KTH2I$QNT02. 43
ore TavavTia rot? tf E\\7j(riv e^d^ovTo. Me-
TaTreptydfAevos S' e//,e o lepo^vri^Kov f]%lov ei
649 TO (TVV&plOV Kal ellTelv Tl 7T/309 TOU9 '
vas inrep Tr)$ TroXeo)?, Kal avrov OVTCO
9 Ap%ofj,evov Se pov \eyew Kal irpoOv^orepov TTW? 117
etcreX^Xu^oro? et? TO (rvvlSpiov, TWV a\\wv 7rv\a-
ryopcov i^eQea"rriKOT(i)Vj dva^o^aa^ TIS TWV A^to-o-ecov,
/cat, 009 e//-ot ecfralvero, ovSe-
avrov
ye, (j)rj, & avSpe? f/ JB\X7;ve9, el
ou8* av wvo fJbd^eTe Tovvofia rov ^r\^ov rcov
'AOrjvaitoV ev raicrSe rals rjfjuepais, aXX* o>9
^./ \' f * V A ^
eva<yei,$ egeipyer av K TOV lepov. Ajjua oe us
rcov $(OKe'ct)v crvpfjia^la^, rjv o Kpco-
eypatye, Kal d\\a TroXXa Kal Svo"%eprj
Kara rrf^ 7ro / Xeo>9 Siegyei, Xeycoi/, a eyw oure ToV Kap-
re'povv aKovcov ovre vvv r)$ea)s fiefanf/MU avrcov.
'AKOvcra? Se OUTW Trapco^vvOrjv (09 ovSeTTMTror ev
). Kat Toi/9 /^ez/ aAXou9 Xo / yoL'9 UTrep-
7rrj\6e 8' oSz/ /Ltot eVt T^y JVW/JLTJV fjLVTj-
* Apfyicra-etov Trepl rr)V yrjv ryv lepav
las, Kal avToOev earrjKco^ eSeiKVVov Tot9 '-4yU-^>^-
KTVocriv (yiroKeiTai yap TO Kippalov TreStov TO> t|oc3
/cat e<rr*V evavvoTTTOv). 'Opar, ecfrrjv eye*, a> av- 119
Afji(j)i,KTvov e$, e^eipyacTfjuevov rovrl TO
VTTO T>V Afju<pt>cro'ea)v Kal
44 AI2XINOY
real av\ta* opare rot? o(f)6a\-
TOV e^djtcTTov Kai eirapaTov \i^eva
tcfre TOUTOL^ avrol [KCLI ov-
Sev ere'pcov Belcrde /maprv pwv), reXrj Trejrpa-
^ora? /cat xpri/JLara \afJLf3avovras e/c rov
iepov Xt/z,ei/o9. r 'A/j,a Se avayiiyvwaKeiv eKe\evov
fiavreiav TOV 6eov, rov bpicov rwv Trpoyo-
120 vcov, rrjv dpav rrjv ^evo^vr)v t Kai Biayp^o/JLrjv ort
ejco {lev VTrep TOV STJ/JLOV TOV
TOV <7a>yu-aTO9 feat, TWV TCKVCOV Kat,
?}9 epavTOv fSor)6w Kara TOV bpKOV
@6a> Kai Ty yrj TTJ iepa Kai X 6L P^
l Kai <f)a)vf} Kai Trao~LV ot9 Svvaiiai,
Trjv iro\iv TTjv rj/JiTepav TO, 7T/309 TOf9 Oeovs
a(j)o<7i(o' vfjiels B VTrep VJJLCOV avTayv rjBrj ftov-
\eveo~6e. EvrfpKTat, /juev TCL Kava, Trape-
Be rot9 /3&>yu,ot9 TO. 6v/j,aTa, //.eXXere &
lv TOU9 6eov<$ TayaQa Kat Koivfj
121 SKOTretTe Srj TCQ'ICL (fxavfj, TTOIO, ^f
,, Ttva TO\fJ,av
TOVTOVS
cvayes Kat rat9 apat? evo%ov<$. Ov jap
Bt atvty /JiaTcov, aXX evapycos yeypaTTTat ev TJJ
apa KaTci re TO>V aa-eprjo-aVTayv, a %pr) TraOetv
avTovs, Kai Kara TWV eTrtTpe^aVTcoVy Kai
T\evTalov ev Ty apa yeypaTTTat, /jtvj&* ocrta?
Ovcratev ol fjirj TtfJbcopovvTes, fojirl, TW *Airo\-
KATA KTH2I$GNTO2. 45
\COVL fiTjBe rfj 'Apre'uiBi, /myBe rfj ArjTol
*A6r}va npovola,) fir] Be Be^aivro avr&v ra
t /
tepa.
Toiavra /cal Trpos TOVTOIS erepa iroXka Bi%e\0ov- 122
TO? e/jiov, eirei^r] Trore aTrrjXXajrjv KCU, /jLerecrr'rjv etc
rov (7VV$piov, Kpavyrj 7ro\\r) Kal 6opv/3os ?}V rwv
* ApfyiKTvovtov, KOL o Xoyo? r\v ov/ceri, Trepl TMV acrtri-
Scov a? T^eZ? dveOefiev, aXA,' rjBrj irepl TTJS TWV
' HSrj Be iroppco TTJS
7rpocre\6a)V o /crjpv^ avel'jTe, Ae\<fywv OCTOL eVt
tcai Sov\ov$ KOI e\ev6e'povs, r t KeiV apa
a/ma? /cal Si/ce\\a^ Trpo? TO Ovrelov
etcel /ca\ov/jievov /cat 7ra\iv o auTO? /cr]pv avyyopeve
T0t9 lepofJLvrifJLOva^ KOI, irvKayopovs tf/ceiv els rov avrov
71 TOTTOV jSofjOricrovras TCO 0eq> /cal rrj JTJ rfj lepa 7]Ti$
B av pr) Traprj TroXis, eip^erac rov lepov /cal
evayvjs eon a i KCLL rrj apa evo^os. Ty Be vare- 123
paia rjKOfiev ewOev et? TOZ^ Trpoeiprjpevov TOTTOV, /cal
els TO Kippalov TreBtov, /cal TOP \ifjLeva
/cat, ras oitcias e[JLirp7](javres ave%a)-
povp.ev. Tavra Be rj^cov TrparrovTcov ol Ao/cpol ol
A/ji(j)i,(7o-eis, e^Kovra crraBta airoOev oucovvres Ae\-
fywv, Tjfcov e<j> rjfjLas peO 07r\cov TravSrjfjiei, /cal et fir)
BpofjiM /JLO\IS e^ecfrvyofiev et? Ae\<j)ovs, e/cwBvvevcrajjiev
av airoKeaOai. Tfj Be eTTiovo-rj rj/mepa Korrv<pos o 124
ras yvoj/jias e7n,tyr)<f)i,a)v eKK\,r](7iav eTroiet, TWV A/m-
<f)i/CTVovcov (eKKKycriav jap ovojJLafyvcnv, orav res ^
46 AI2XINOY
povov TOU9 7TV\ayopov$ /cat, rov 9 iepo/j,vr]fjiova<?
\eo~rj, d\\a Kal TOU? avvQvovTas /col %pa)/jie'vovs TO>
* 776*77 7TO\\al fJLeV TWV '
eytyvovTO KaTrjyoplai, 7roXu9 8* eTrawos %)V Kara
r)fj,Te'pas TroXew? reXo? 8e Traz/ro? TOU \djov
&VTCU rjiceiv TOU? iepopvr}[JLOva<; Trpo rrjs
TTvkata? ev prjrw %pov(p et? IlvXas, e^oi/ra? Bo
read* o TI Sl/CTjv Swaovcriv ol * A^Hjaiis vTrep S>v
et9 TOV Oeov Kai rrjv yrjv TTJV iepav KOI TOW 'A/ji-
. f On Se a\r]6r) \ejco, ava-
yvwaerai, vfjuv 6 ypapparevs TO
125 Tov SoypaTO? ovv TOVTOV diroboOevros v<f) i]pw
rp /3ov\fj /cat, Tra\iv ev rfj e/c/cXTjcna rat S^w, Ka
Ttt9 7rpafet9 TI^WV aTToBe^afjievov TOV 77/401; /ecu 777
7roXeft)9 Trao-779 irpoaLpov^vrj^ evcrefieiv,
(rOevovs \nrep TOV fjLeaeyyvrjfjLaTos TOV eg
dvTi\e'yovTos Kal epov favepw? evavTiov VJULCOV efe-
\ey%ovTO<;, erreibr] etc TOV <f)avepov TTJV TTO\IV a
7T09 OVK rjbvvaTO o~(f>ij\ai,, ei&eXQcov et9 TO
piov Kal jJLeTao-TTjadiJbevos TOU9 tSt<wTa9 K(f>e'pTat, 77730-
TOV
126 ypd-fyavTOS direiplav TO 8' auTO TOVTO Kal ev
KK\7jcrla SieTrpdgaTO eTrity'rjfao-Qrjvai, Kal yeve'crOai,
77877 eTravaaTaarjs Trj<$ eKKXijcrta?,
e/juov (ov yap av TTOTC eireTpe^ra) Kal
7ro\\o)v Siatfreijjievotyv ov TO K(f>a\aiov eo~Ti,
KATA KTH2I$GNT02. 47
TOZ> Be iepofjuvrjuova, (frrjcri, TCDV 'AOrjvatcov Kal
TOV? 7rv\aydpovs TOV? ael 7rv\ayopovvTa?
iropevecrOai el? IIv\a? /cat et9 Ae\$ov? ez/
ypevoi? %pdvoi,? VTTO TWV irpoydvcov,
ye TO> ov&pceri, aXXa TW epyw ala^pw^
jap et9 TOP o-v\\o<yov rov ev U^Xat9 dirav-
09 ef ava^jKri^ Trpo TOV KaOrj/covTos eyLteXXe
yiyveaOai,. Kal 7ra\iv ev rc5 afro)
/cat cra^earepov KCLL TriKporepov crv^ypa^fjia ypa-
^>et, TOP lepofjivrifjuova, <f>7j(rt,, TMV AOrjvatatv Kal
Toi/9 7rv\aydpovs rovs ael 7rv\ayopovvras
firj /jiere^ecv rot9 e/celae <rv\\eyo/j,e'voi<; fjurfre
\oywv firiTe epycov fjurfre Soy/Aarcov yLt^re Trpa-
^0)9 fju / r)$efjLi,as. To Se fj,r) ^ere^etv rl eaTi, ; Ho-
repa TokyOe? CLTTCO ?} TO TI^LCTTOV dtcovcrai, ; Td\r)0e$
epco TO jap aet, nrpos rjSovrjv \ejofJLevov ovrcDal TTJV
Siare'Oei/cev. Ovrc ea pefivrjo-Qai rcov opiccov,
rjjjicov ol Trpdyovoi, wjAocrav, ov&e rr)? dpa? ovSe
TOV Oeov fjLavreias.
Hfjiel^ fjbev ovv, w avbpes ^AQyvaioi, Kare^eiva^ev 123
TOVTO TO ^ri^Kj^ciy ol o aXXot * A[A<f>i,KTVove<$ avve-
uXa9 7T\r)V fjuas ?ro / X6W9, 779 eyco OVT
av rovvo/jia a-TTm/u, fJL7]6 al crv^opal 7rapa7r\7](not
tyevoivro avrrj? jjurjo'evl rwv *E\\if]va)v. Kal <jvve\6ov-
T69 e^r^io-avro eircarpareveiv eTrl TOV? Autyio-o'eas,
ei\ovTO KoTTV<f)ov TOV <&apcrd\iov TOV
ToVe ra9 vwj,as e7rr()lovTa t OVK eTri'rJLOvvTOS ev
48 A I 2 X I N O Y
Ma/ceBovla ^ikiTTTTOV, aXX* ovB* ev rrj '-EXXa'3*. Trapdv-
T09, aXX* ev S/cvQcus OVTCO p,a,Kpav CLTTOVTOS ov CLVTIKO,
\eyeiv 4rj/j,ocr6evr)s a>9 eya)
yov. Kai irape\6ovre^ rrj
crevaw avri jap TWV fiejiaTWV aSi/crj/jLarcw
auTOf? etflfjiiwo-av, KCU Tavr ev faro)
TW 0ea> KaraOeivai, teal TOU9 p-ev evayel? Kai rcov TTC-
Trpajfjievcov CUTIOVS per earner avro, rof9 Be Si evae'fteiav
(frvyovras /caTTjyajov. ETreiSr) Be ovre ra ^p^fiara
e^envov TO> 0ea> TOU9 r evayel? KaTTjyayov ical rot/9
are\6ovTa<s Sia T&V 'Apfa/cTVovcov ej;e/3a\ov f
rrjv Bevre'pav errl rovs * Apfyiavias a-rparelav
Xw %poVw vcrrepov, e7rave\rj\vOoro<;
e/c T^9 7rl TOU9 ZfcvOas <TTpaTia<;, TWV
aev Oewv ryv yye/jLoviav rrjs evcrefieias TJJUV TrapaSe-
Be
133 A\\ ov 7rpov\eyov, ov 7rpoeo"r]fj,aivov yjjuv 01 Oeot
<f)V\aa<T6ai,, JJLOVOV ye OVK avOpwTrcw fywva? Trpocr-
KTrja-dfjievoi ; OvSe/uiiav rot TrwTrore eycoye fjia\\ov
7To\iv ewpa/ca VTTO /J,ev TMV 6ewv aw^ojjievriv, VTTO Be
TCOV prjropcov evlcov aTroKkviievrjv. Ov% IKCLVOV rjv TO
rot9 jAVcrTrjpiois cfravev crrj/jLelov <j>v\a%acr6ai, r) TCOV
/juvarwv TeXeyr?] ; Ov irepl TOVTCOV A/jieivLaBrjs [ie
7rpov\eyev evKa^elaOai, Kai Tre'/jLireiv e
rov Oeov o TI %prj Trpdrreiv,
KATA KTH2I*QNT02. 49
Be dvTe'\eye fyiknrTrl^eiv rr]V HvOiav (JXKTKOJV, dirai-
wv Kal aTToKavwv Kal e^imrXd^evo^ 1-779 &So-
v(j) vfjb&v avTa> e^ovcrias ; Ov TO reXevralov 131
Kal dfca\\i,epr)Ta)V OVTWV TWV lepcov efeVeyu-^e
W o-Tpari,(!)Tas eTrl TOV Trpo$r)\ov KIV&VVQV ; Kairot,
ye Trpcorjv aTreroX^cre \eyeiv ort irapa TOVTO </Xt7T-
7T09 OVK rj\6ev rjpcov et9 Trjv %a>pav, QTI ov/c T\V avrq)
Koka ra iepd. Tlvos ovv el crv ^fjbia^ afi09 Tw%e2v f
& r^9 f E\\dSo^ d\i,Tr)p(,e ; El yap 6 fjiev Kparcov
OVK r)\6ev ei9 Trjv TWV Kparov^evoDV %d)pav, on OVK
r)V avra) Ka\d TCL Iepd, o~v 8* ovSev 7rpoeL$a)s rcov
/j,e\\ovTcov eareaOai, irpiv Ka\\t,eprjaai, TOW crTpariu>-
, irorepa <ne<f>avova-dat, ere Set 7rl
ToiyapTOi, TL TWV ave\7Ti(7TCi)V /cat aTrpo&SoKrjTCOV 132
e(f) rjfjucov ov yeyovev ; Ov yap /3iov ye rjfjiel^ dv-
eo~o/jievoi,<$
/3acri,\ev$, 6 TOV A6wv St,opvas, 6 TOP *
TTOVTOV %ev%as, 6 yrjv KCLI vftcop TOVS
p ToKfjbwv ev rat9 e7rtcrroXat9 ypa<j>eiv OTL
evov, vvv ov Trepl TOV Kvpios eTe'pcov elvai, Siayco-
X J ^Brj Trept, T^9 TOV crwfJLaTO^ <ra)Trjplas ;
Kal TOU9 avTOV? opco/jiev TTJS re 80^9 TaJr^9 Kal T?)S
ein TOV Ilepcrrjv vjyeaovias rjfyay/Aevovs, ou Kal TO ev
lepov f)\ev9ep(ocrav ; @?]/3at, Se, @rj/3ai, TTO- 133
50 AI2XINOY
TS E\-
t9 a&TvyeiTtoV, fjLe rj/nepav /jaav etc
XaSo9 avripTraarai, el tcai SiKatcos, Trepl TO>V o\cov ov/c
\evo-aiJ,evoi, a\\a TT^V <ye 6eo/3\a/3eiav Kal
cHppoo-vvrjv ov/c avdpcoTrtvcos, d\\a Scufjiovtcos
Aa/ceSaifAovioi, 8 ol Ta\ai7ra)poi,,
fjovov TOVTWV ro)v TTpayfjLartov ef p%^9 Trepl
rr]v rov lepov KarrjTnv, OL TU>V kr\vwv TTOTC
elvai, vvv ofJuypevd-ovTes /ecu T^?
Troirjcro/Jievoi, /jLe\\ovaiv co? '^Xe-
^avo'pov dvaTre'/jLTrecrOai,, TOVTO Treiao/Jievoi, /ecu, avrou /cat
r) Trarpls o TI av e/celvq) So^y, Kal ev TTJ TOV Kparovv-
1-54 TO? KCU Trporjo'lKrjfjievov /JLerpiOTijTi KpiQTjcrofJbevoi,. f H 8'
rjfjLerepa ?roXt9, y KOLVTJ Karafyvyri TMV E\\r}vci)V, Trpo?
rjv dfyiKvovvTO Trporepov e/c T?;9 ao9 a
KCLTO, 7roXet9 e/cacrToi, Trap rj/jL&v rrjv atoTrjpiav evprj-
ao^voiy vvv ov/cen Trepl rrjs rcov *EXK,rivu>v r)yefj,ovi,a<;
ajcovl^eraL, aXX 7/87; Trepl, TOV rrj? TrarpiSo? eSafovs.
Kat TavO ^fuv o-v/JL^eftrj/cev e OTOV
Tr)v Tro\iTetav TTpocr\ri\v6ev. Ev <ydp Trepl
OVTWV f flcr/o8o9 o TroitjTrjs aTro^aiverai. Aeyei, yap
TTOV, TraiSevcov TCL Tr\r)0r) /col o-v/ji/3ov\eva)V rat9 TroXecr^
TOL'9 TTOvrjpovs Ttov Srjjjiajwjwv /Jbrj Trpoa^e^eaOat,. 73
135 Ae%a) Be icdyw rd eTrrj Bid TOVTO ydp ol^au ?J//,a9
TralSa? 6W9 ra9 TWV TTOLTJTOJV yvwfjias K/j,av0dveiv,
iv dvSpes 6^x69 avTois %pa)/jLe0a.
Ho\\aKi Sr) gvfjiTrao-a 7roXt9 /ca/cov dvSpos aTrrjvpa,
O9 tcev a\s,Tpai,vr) /cat, aTae6a\a
K A T A\K T H.2 I$&N&Q . 51
Tolaiv 8' ovpavoOev pe'ya Trrj/ma Ba)/ce Kpovicov,
AHWV ofjiov /col Xot/zoV, airo<^6ivvOovcri 8e \aoL
*H TCOV ye cTTpaTov evpvv a7TO)Xecrez> r) o ye
*H vr\a<$ evl TTOVTCO rlwvrai evpvoTra Zev<$.
'Eav Be irepie\ovre^ rov TTOL^TOV TO fierpov ra? 136
yvcofjias efera^re, ol/xat v[uv ^o^eiv ov
'Ho-LoBou elvai, a\\a ^p^afJibv els T^
7ro\ireiav KOI yap vavntcrj /col Trefy arparta KOL
TroXet? apSrjv eldiv av^piracrfJievaL ere TVJS TOVTOV TTO-
OVTC $pvva)v$a<; ovre Evpv/3aro<? OVT 137
aXXo? ouSet9 TTCOTTOTC rwv TraXat Trovrip&v TOIOVTO?
fiayo? Kai yor]s eyevero, b?, a> yrj /cat 6eoi, /cat Sat-
i av9p(07roi, bcrot, jSov\ea6e a/covetv rd\7]6rj t
a \eyew /QXeVft)^ et? ra TrpoacoTra TO, vpe'repa,
a>9 apa Orj/Baioi TTJV cruyLt/^a^/ai/ vfiiv eTrot^cravTO ov
Sia TOP /caipov, ov Sia rov (f)o/3ov rov TrepicrTavTa
avrovs, ov Sta rrjv vfierepav Bo^av, aXXa 8ta ra9
ArnjiocrOevovs Srjprjyoplas. Kalroc ?roXXa9 plev TOVTOV 133
TTpoTepov Trpe&peias e7rpeo-{3evcrav t9 Sriftas ol ytta-
\LcrTa olfcela)^ eiceivois SiaKeifJievoi,, irptoTos fjuev Opa-
o-f^SouXo9 o KoXXfTi'9, avrip ev @r)/3ai<?
<W9 ovSel? eTepos, TCO^IV Gpdcrcov 6 'Ep%ievs,
cov @?7/8a/ot9, AecoBdfjias 6 * Ajfapvevs, ov% rjTTOV Arj-
aoaOevovs \eyeiv Bwd/jievos, aXX* e^otye Kai Jfiicav,
o Tlrik'rj^y /cal BwaTO? elirelv /cal TroXXa 139
cos ev Ty TroXtre/a Bta @?;/3a/ou9, *ApiGTO-
52 AI2XINOY
o Aty]vivs, TrXecTTOV ypovov TTJV TOV
CLITICLV, Hvppavbpos 6 AvcupXvcmos, 09 ert
KCU vvv $. '-4XX* o//.ft>9 ovSeis TrcoTrore avrovs eov-
vr}9rj irpoTpe^raaOai et? T^ vfjierepav <f)i,\lav. To S*
olSa fieVj Xeyew 8* ovSez/ eo/-6a Sta ra? aru-
HO W avrcov. J A\tJ olfjiai, evretS^ ^/XtTTTro? avrwv
d(f>e\ofjL6Vo<; NUcuav erraXot? TrapeScofce, KOL TOV TTO-
\efjiov bv TTporepov e^rjXaaev etc TT}? ^copa? TT}?
BoiCOTWV, TOVTOV 7Ta\lV TOV dVTOV 7rO\/JLQV
Sia T?)? ^(w/ctSo? 7r' aura? ra? 0rJ/3a?, /fat TO
laiov E\areiav KaraXa/Bcov l^apa/cacre /cal <j>povpav
eleyyayev, evravO* rjSrj, errel TO Sewov avrwv
AOyvaiovs, KCU v^el^
KOl ol 7T6%ol Kal ol tTTTTe^, TT^t^ TTfpfc
141 povrjv (rv\\a/37]V jpd^rai Arnjbocr6evr)v. 'O S' elcrajcov
a^, aXX* ou Arj/jLoo-Bevrjff, eTrel irepi ye
Tpia TO, TTCLVT&V
OTI $(\t,7T7rov TW //,ez^ ovopaTi TroXe-
vfuv, TW 8* epyw ?roXv /zaXXov JJLKTOVVTOS
@7jj3aiovs, 0)9 afro, ra irpajfjiaTa SeSrfXco/ce (^Kai ti Se2
TO, TrXe/o) \eyew ; j raura yttey ra TrjXucavTa TO /j,e-
ye0o<; a7TKpv-*}raTO, TTpoaTroirjo-d/jievos Se yu-eXXeti/
av yev7]creo-0ai ov Sia TOU9 KaLpovs, aXXa
H2 ra9 avTov Trpeafteias irpwTov fiev (rvveTreicre TOV
KATA KTH2I$GNT02. 53
eri, J3ov\eveo~6ai eirl ricri Bel TroiriaacrOat, rrjv cri>yi&-
XX' dyaTrav fjuovov el ylyverat,, rovro Be Trpo-
\a/3a)v efcBorov uev rqv Boiconav aTraorav eTroirjae
ev r> ^crLtaTt, eav
TToXi? GL7TO S 7] jB d IQ)V , /BoTjOclv A 6 7] -
Boicorols rot? ev Or]/3at9, T0t9 ovo-
K\,e7TT(i)v tcai fjuerafapcov TO. Trpay/z-ara, coaTrep
74 eiwOev, a>9 TOU9 Boicorovs epyo* KCLKWS Trao-^ovra^ rrjv
TWV ovo/jLarcov. avvOecnv TWV ArffjiocrOevov^ d
d\\* ov p,a\\ov eft ot9 fcatcws TreTrovQ
crovras Sevrepov Be TWV et9 TO^ 7ro\e^ov dva\wfJLara)V 143
ra /jiev Svo fJ^eprj vfuv dveOrj/cev, ot9 rjaav aTrcoTepa) ol
, TO Be rpirov jjiepos Oyftaioi,?, BcopoBo/cwv e<^>
TOVTCOV, KOL rrjv qyefjiovtav rr]v fjuev Kara 6d-
\arrav eTrolrjae KQIVY]V, TO 8' dvd\cojj,a iSiov vfjuerepov,
Tr\v Be Kara yrjv (a ^ Bel \ypelv) apBrjv <pepcov dve-
Orj/ce QyftaioiSj ware irapa rov yevopevov 7ro\e/j,ov [JLTJ
Kvpiov yevecrOai, SrparoK\ea TOV r^jieTepov crTpaTijybv
fBov\evaacr6ai Trepl r^9 rwv arparLwr^v (rayrrjplas.
Kal ravr ov/c eya) jjiev KaTrjyopw, erepoi Be irapa\ei- 144
TTOVCTW, a\\a /cayco \eyay Kal Travres 7TtTt//.a)crt Kal
fyu-et9 (rvvi(TTe Kai ov/c opyi^ecrOe. 'E/celvo yap r jreir6v-
Oare irpos Arj^oa-Oevr^v avveiOicrOe rjBrj rd^LKrujbara
avTov d/coveus, Mare ov Oav/Jid^ere. Ael Be ov% ovrcos,
aXX* dyava/crelv /cal rificopelcrOat, el ^pr) ra \oi7ra rrj
Aevrepov Be Kal TTO\V rovrov p,el,ov dBifcrjua rjBt- 145
5*
54 A I 2 X I N O Y
Krjaev, ori, TO /3ov\evTr]pi,ov TO TT}? 7roXe&>9 /cac TTJV 877-
fAO/cpaTiav ap&rjv e\a6ev vfyeXopevos Kal fjierrivey/cev eis
&r\fSa<$ et9 TTJV KaS/jielav, TTJV Kowwviav TCOV
KCU Ti^LKavrriv avro?
avrq> Svvaareiav KareaKevao-ev, COCTT tf&rj Trapitov tiri
TO fifj/jia TrpecrfievcreLV fiev (f>rj OTTOL av avrq) Sotcy,
146 fcav ft?) vfjbeis K7refjL7r7)T, el 8e' Tt9 avTw TWV arpa-
avTeiiroi,, KaTaSovXovfjievos TOU? ap^ovras /cai
ew SiabiKacrlav (f>7j <ypd-
TW ftrtfJLaTi, 7T/309 TO (TTpaTTjyeiov ' 7rXe/<w jap
ayaOa v<j) eavrov etyij airo rov ftri/jiaTOS TTCTTOV-
Qlvai ?; VTTO TWV err parrjycov e/c rov <npaTrjyelov. ML-
(T0o<j)opa)V B ev TW %evucq> Kevcus ^copai?, Kal TCL arpa-
Kal TOU? fivptovs fe^ou?
TroXXa SiafJiapTVpo/jLevov KO\
eV Tat9 eKtchrjcriais e/ioi),
<f>epct)V dvapTraaOevTwv rwv ^evcov TOV KW^VVOV aira-
147 paa/cevq) ty WXet. Tl yap av oieaOe 3>i\iinrov ev
Tot9 ToVe /caipoi? ev^aaOai ; Ov %&>/H9 ftev 77/309 TTJV
7TO\ITLK7)V SvVa/MV, %W/3i9 ^ eV Afji(j)i(T(Tr} 7Tp09 TOL/9
dOv^ov^ be TOU9 "E\\r)vas Xa-
77X77^9 yejevrj^ev^ ; Kal T?]\I,KOV-
TCOV KaKwv amo9 yeyevrj/jie'vos ArjfjLoo-Oevrjs OVK dyaira
ei, /jurj Bl/CTjv Be$o)K6V, aXX et /^?y /cat ^pvaq) aTecfravq*
crTefyavoyOrio-eTat, dyavaicTel ovB iicavov eaTiv avT&>
evavTiov VJJLWV KrjpvTTecrOai, aXX eu firj TCOV E\\r]vcov
evavTiov dvappJ]6r\a-eTa^ TOVT rjBrj dyava/CTel.
KATA KTH2I*GNTO 2. 55
o>9 eoi/ce, Trovrjpa Averts fjueyakrjs e^ovalas e7rt,\a/3o/jL6wrj
s aTrepyd^erai, (TVfji(popds.
Tplrov Be Kal rwv TTpoeiprjime'vcov fjueyicrrov ecrriv o 143
ft) \eyeiv. QCkiTTTrov yap ov Kara^povovvros TCOV
V i ov&* ayvoovvTOS (ov jap rp> dcrvvero^y ort
ro)V wrrap'XpVTtoV ayaOwv ev rjfjuepa? a-fjutcpcp
vieiTcu, Kal 8ta ravra fBov\OfJbevov
rrjv elprivrjv KOI 7rpeo-/3ela<$ aTrocTTeXXetz/
Kal TWV apftovrcov TGOV ev @ri/3ai,$ (fro/Bovfie'vcov rov
eiriovra /cwSvvov, et/corw?, ov yap prjTcop aarparevTos
Kat, \t,7TQ)v TTJV Tci^iv avTovs evovOeTijcrev, aXX o ^o)-
KIKOS TToXf^o? BetcaeTr)? yeyovcos defavrjcrTov Trai&eiav
avrovs eTralSevcre, TOVTGW 8e e^ovrcov ovrcos alcrOo- 149
Arj/jiocrOevr)?, Kal Toy? Boicordp^a^ VTroTrrevaas
elp^vrjv l$ia iroielaOai, ^pvcriov avev avrov
Trapa ^I^LTTTTOV \afBovra<$, a/Bicorov rjyrj&dfAevos elvai
eu TWOS a7TO\ei<f)6r](TeTai Swpoo'oKia?, avaTTij^rjaa^ ev
TT/JO? $l\nnrov elpr^v ov6* a>9 ov Set, aXX*
ft)? OD6TO, TOVTO Krjpvyfjia TI rot? BoicoTapftai? Trpo/cij-
PVTTCOV dvafa'pew eavrw ra jme'prj TGOV \rnL^a^(^v y 8^a)-
75 fjivvro rrjv 'AO'qvav, r)v, w? 3o<#& ^6tS/a9 evepyo\a/3elv 150
eipyao-aro Kal eveiriopKelv Arj/jioo-Oevei,, rj fj/r}v ei rt?
epel co9 %p^) Trpos $l\i7r7rov elpr\vr]V Trovr\(Ta(jQai dird-
geiv els TO SecrptoTripiov e7rtXa/8o / /-te^o9 TWV
a7rofjii,/uiov/j(,evo<; rrjv KXeo(/>aWo9 7roXiT/ai/, 09 ejrl TOV
os AafceSaiiAovlovs TroXe/^oi;, co9 XeyeTat, rrjv TTO\I,V
56 AI2XINOY
B ov Trpoael^ov avTa> ol apxpvres ol ev
, aXXa KO,L roi>9 arpancora^ TOU9 vp,repovs
irakiv dveaTpe^rav efeX7?Xi>0oTa9, 'iva ySouXeua^crtfe irepl
151 T779 ^771/779, evravO 77877 iravTairaaiv e/ccfrpcov
:at 7rape\6cov eTrl TO /3rj/j,a TrpoSoras TWV
T0f9 Boicorapxas aTre/caXecre, /u ypdifreiv ecfyrj
6 rot9 7ro\fjLiOi<; ovBeTTor avTi/3\eijra '
@r)/3aiov<: SioSov errl
ol cv ra^ ap-
ws clvai
\r ( va)V, ajro pev TIJS ipr}irrjs aTrerpaTrovro, erri Be
152 EvOa 8/7 /cat TWV avSpwv rcSi/ ayaOwv aiov ecrriv
eTri/JLvyaQrjvai, 01)9 ouro9 dOvrcav fcal d/ca\\Lp^rci)V ov-
TCOV TWV lepwv etf7re///^a9 eTrl TOP 7rpoSrj\ov KivSvvov
ot9 Bpa7rerai,<; Trooi KCU \e\oi7roat, rr]v rd^iv
errl rov rafov TOV rcov re\evrrjcrdvra)v t
t]V etceivtov aperr\v. ' fl Trpos fj,ev TCI
/cat (nrovo'ala iravTutv avOpomrcov a%pr](TTOTaTe,
Se T^ ev Tot9 Xoyot9 Tokpav 0av/j,a(ri(!)TaT
pr)(7iv eOe\T^aei<; avTiica, (j,a\a, /3\e7T(0v et9 TCL TOVTWV
TrpoacoTra, \eyeiv a>9 Bel ere errl Tals TTJ? 7roXea)9 o-f/z-
(TTecfravovaOai, ; 'Eav B OVTOS Xey?;, vfj,el<?
153 eoiKe, teal 77 vfieTepa ^1/77/1-77 ; TeveaOe Brj /JLOL
'Xpovov TT)I/ Btdvoiav fir) ev TU> BitcaaTrjptq), aXX* ev ra>
Oearpq*, Kal vo/JLicraO opav TTpoiovTa TOP Kripvtca Kai
KATA KTH2I$GNTO2. 57
TTJV e/c TOV ^r^io-fjiaro^ dvdpprjcriv fj,e\\ovo~av ylyve-
(T0cu, /cal \oyio-aa6e nrorep oieaOe rovs ol/cetovs TCOV
T\VTrjo-avTO)v irXetco Ba/cpva a^j\(jeiv eirt rat? Tpaya>-
/<? Kal rot? rjpcolfco?^ TrdOeau roZ? ///era ravr e7rei<n-
OVCTLV TI eTrl rrj TT}? TroXew? ayvcofioarvvr). T/9 jap 154
OVK av d\yricreiv avOpwiros f 'E\\7jv KOI TraiSevOel?
e\ev0epo)S, dvafjivriaOeis ev TO> Oedrpa) eiceivo ye, el
erepoVj on ravrij Trore TTJ
cocrTrep vvvi TWV TpaytoSow yiyvecrOai, or
/jia\\ov rj TroXt? KCU /SeXr/ocrt
7rpoe\6a)v 6 Kripv% real TrapacrTrjadfievos TOVS op<pavovs
wv ol Trarepe? rjcrav iv TO) TroXe^w TereXeur^/coTe?, vea-
K7]pVTT TO
\icrrov Krjvjia KCLI.
on rovcrBe rov? veavivKovSj wv ol Trare'pes
ev TW TraXe/Lto) avSpes djaOol
^/3?79 o 877^09 erpe<f)e, vvvl S
7ravo7r\ta d(f)lrjcriv djaOrj TV^T) rpeTreorOat, eVl ra
eavrwv, Kal KoKel 9 nrpoe^piav.
Tore fjuev ravr e/cr]pvrTev^ aXX ov vvv, a\\a nrapa- 155
aTrjo-ajjievo^ rov T^9 opfjxivias rot9 Traiaw CLLTIOV TI
TTOT dvepel 97 rl (j)6ej^rai, ; Kal yap edv avrd Ste-
%lr) rd e/c TOV / >^770/cryu,aT09 r rrpoa r rdy^aTay aXX' ov TO
y K T^9 aX77^e/a9 alo"%pbv aiwrrrjOrio-eTai,, d\\d ra-
vavria Bo^ei, TTJ TOV Krjpvfcos <pcovrj (f)0eyyeo~0a^ OTL roz/Se
TOV dv$pa (et Srj Kal o5ro9 dvrjp^ o-T(J3avo2 6 877/^09 o
A@7)i>ai,Q)V dpeTrjs evefca TOV KaKiaTov, di>$paya6la<$
58 A I 2 X I N O Y
157 eve/ca TOP avavbpov KOL XeXotTro'ra TTJV raftz>. Mr)
TT^O? TOV ALO$ KOI TWV a\\o)v 6ewv, Ixerewo t)yita?, w
av$pe<? AOrjvaioi,, fjurj TpoTraiov to-rare a<
ev Trj TOV Aiovvcrov opffldTpa, /JirjB aipelre
evavTiov rwv E\\7]va)V TOV ^T^JLOV TWV
v7ro[jLiiJLvr}(rKT TWV avidTCOV Kdi avrj/cecTTcov /ca-
row? TaXanrwpovs @r/{3aiov$, ovs <f)vyovTa<? Sia
TOVTOV vTrooeSe^e TTJ TroXet, wz/ lepa /cai Te/cva KCLL
ra^ou? aTrwXecrey rj Ar^fjiocrOevov^ BcopoSofcia Kal TO
j3acri\iKbv ^pvaiov aXX* 7re^r) rot? uw^iaaiv ov 76
Trapeye'veo-Qe, aXXa rat? ye Siavolcus aTro^Xe^ar' av-
TCOV et? ra? crv^opa^, Koi vo/JLtaaO opav d
Tr)v TroXti^, Tei^wv /caTao-Kcupas, e/^TrprJcret? OIKIWV, dyo-
/ecu rralSas et? Sov\elav,
avQpu>TTOv<$, TrpecrfivTio'as yvvatKas o^re
ra? TTJV \ev@ept,av, ^Xa/oz^ra?, t^ereuo^ra? vfjuas, op-
ov rot? rtyLtwov/z-e^ot?, aXXa rot? TOVTWV
atrtot?, e7rto~/C7]7rro^ra? ^Sei/t TpoTra) TOV r^?
d\LTr\piov (TTecfravovv, aXXa Afat roz^ Satfjiova /cat
TVfflv TTJV crvfjLTrapaKO\ovOovo-av ra> dvOpwTT(f)
158 facr^at. Ovre yap Tro'Xt? ovr' a^?)/) t&twr?;?
(rdfjivos. 'Tyu-et? 8', <w ai/Spe? ' AOrjvcuoi, OVK
veade et e?rt /-tey roi;? TropQ/Jtea? TOV<; et?
7ropdfAvovTa<? vo/jiov eOeaOe, edv rt? avTwv a/cow ev
TO) TTOpCO TT\oloV avaTpe^TTf^ TOVTW fJLTj J;lVat, TTCiklV
7rop0/jLe1 jveo-@cu, f tva yu/^Set? avToa^eBid^rj et? ra
KATA KTH2I<SGNTO2. 59
rcov r EX\,r)vcov acouara, rov 8e rrjv 'EXkaSa teal rv]V
rroXiv ap$7jv dvarerpa(f)ora rovrov eaaere rrd\iv drrev-
Ovveiv ra /coiva;
r Iva 8 etTTty Kai rrepi, rov reraprov /caipov KCLI TCOV 159
vvvi Ka0ecrT'r)KOT(0v TT pay par (0v, efcelvo v/ua$ VTrojjivrjcrai,
/3ov\ofjLCU, QTI A^fJioaOevr]^ ov TTJV CLTTO <7Tparo7reSov
fJLOVOV TCL^LV \t,7T6V, CtXkci KOI T7]V K
r jrpo<7\a/3cov V/JLCOV /ecu TOV$ * E\\ijvas rjpyvpo-
Karajajova'T]^ B avrov et? ryv TTO\IV rrj$
a7rpocrSoKr]TOV crcor'rjpias row? fiev TTpcoTovs xpovov?
VTTOTpO/JLOS TfV av6pO)7TOS, Kal TTdplCOV rjfjilOvr)? 7rl TO
avrbv e/
et? Se *
Kara fiev TOV9 Trprorof? %pvov$ of et ra
elare TO ArjfjiocrOevov^ eTriypafaiv ovo^a,
a\\a NavaLK\el TOVTO TrpoaeraTTere' vvvl S' ijSrj /cal
a^ioi. '^TretS^ S* CTeXeuT^cre i^ev <&l- ieo
, *A\ej;av$po$ 8' et? rrjv apfflv KareaTrj, iraktv
av reparevd/jLevos lepa pev IBpvo-aTO Ilavaavlov, et?
air lav Be evayy\lcov Ovaias rrjv /3ov\r)v Karea-r^crev,
8' ' AXe^avSpw Mapyirrjv erlOero, aire-
Se Xeyeiv i? ov KLvrjd^aerai, e/c Ma/ceSovias -
ayaTrav jap avrov e<j)r} ev IleXXrj TrepiTrarovvTa /cal
ra (TTrKayxya (j>v\arrovra. Kal ravra \eyeiv e<f>rj
ovfc et/ca^cov, aXX 5 d/cpificos etSw? on a'iuards eariv 77
aperr] covia, avros ov/c e^cov aiua /cat, Oecopcov rov
A\%avo'pov OVK e/c TT}? * A\e%dv$pov <vcreft>9, aXX' e/c
T9 eavrov
60 A I 2 X I N O Y
161 "HS?7 8* etyrjfao-fie'vcov SerTakwv eTncrTpareveiv ejrl
Trjv vfjuerepav TTO\IV, /ecu TOV veavtaKOV TO Trpcorov Tra-
eTreiSr) Trepl Sriftas r,v TO arpa-
v<j) VJJLWV ^eipoTovrfOei^t aTro&pas
IK fjiecrov TOV KiOaipwvos rjicev vTroaTptyas, ovr ev
eiprjvr) OUT ev TroXe/xw %p7](7LfjLov eavTov Trape^cov. Kal
TO TTCLVTCOV SeiVOTCLTOV, VfJiels fJLeV TOVTOV 0V 7TpOV$OT6,
ovS euaaare KpiOrfvai ev TCO TCOV 'EX^vcov crvveSplcp,
O^TO? 8' uyita? vvv TTpoSe&coKev, eiTrep akqdrj eo-riv a
162 XeyeTat. /2s yap cfracriv OL 7rapa\oi Kai 01 TrpecrlSev-
TT/JO? 'A\eav$pov (fcai TO irpay^a el/coTO)? TTI-
, eaTi TL<$ 'ApicrTifov UXaTai'/eoV, o TOV *Api-
(TTO/3oV\OV TOV (j)apfJLaK07TO}\OV VLOS, 1, TIS dpO, KttL
OvTO? 7TOT6 O VZCLViVKOS Te'pd)V
vo/mevos (pKrjae ITO\VV %povov ev
OIKLO, o TL Se irpaTTCov TJ
r) aiTia Kai TO Trpajfjia ovSajjicos
6/j.ol \eyeiv. OVTOS, a>9 eyco d/covco, rjyvorj/Jievos O(TTL$
TTOT ecrTi /cal 7TOJ9 /3e/Stct)o)9, TOZ^ A\et;avBpov VTTO-
KOI ifkycrid^ei, etcelva). Aia TOVTOV ypaa/jiaTa
a>9 'A\eav$pov aBeiav Tiva evprjTat, Kai StaX-
103 X*ya9 Kal 7roXX??i> Ko\aKeiav 7T7rot,r)Tai. EKeWev Be
6eayp7]o-aT 9 b^oiov eo-Ti TO Trpay/jia Ty aiTia. Et,
yap TL TOVTCOV (j)povet, Arj/jLOcrOevr}? Kal
elftev, axTTtep Kal (frijal, 77/309 'A\ej;avSpov, Tpel?
Kaipol Ka^XiaTOt, 'jrapayeyovacrw, oyv ov&evl fyaweTai, 11
JBt9 fjbev 6 7rpa>TO<;, OT els TTJV dpxfjv ov
KATA KTH2I$QNT02. 61
nrakai KaOevrriKuxs 'A\$av8po$ dKarao-Kevav avrp
TCOV iBlcov ovrtov et? TTJV 'Aalav Bie'ftr}, tf/c/jia^e S' o
TCOV Tlepo-MV /3a<jtXef? Kai vavcri Kai ^p^fjiaai Kai
Tre^f) crrpaTia, aafjuevo^ S av rjfmas t? rrjv av^a^iav
Trpoo-e^e^aro Sia rou? eTnfapojme vovs eavrcp KIV$VVOV<$.
Elects TWO, evravOa \oyov, Ari^ocrOeve^, 77
TI < x|r77<tcr/m ; Bov\ei ere Oa> (f)0/3r]6rj
TO) cravrov rpoTrw ; Kalroi prjropifcijv ei\iav
Kaipos ov/c avajnevei. A\\ eTreiSr) Tratrrj 161
Svva/Jiet, Aapelos /ccna/3e/3riKei) 6 8' *A\ej;av$po$ rp>
etX^/^eVo? ev Ki\(,/clq Trdvrcov ez/Se
av, avrl/ca Be fj,d\a ^eXXe^, a>? r)V o Trapa crov Xo
crvfj,7raTr)Or]a6(jOai, VTTO TT}? IlepcriKfjs ITTTTOV, rrjv Be
GY\V avfaiav rj TroXt? OVK e^wpei Kai ra?
a? ^77/5777/^6^0? IK TWV $aKTv\cov Trep^ei?,
rial TO euov 'jrpocrcoTrov ft)? eK7reir\r)<y^evov Kai aOv-
/ULOVVTOS, Kai %pV(70fC6pQ)V aTTOKO'ktoV Kai Kai (TT 6(f)6 ^ai
(frdcrfccov el Ti TTTalcraa ava^ricrerai A\eavSpq), ov$*
evravOa 7rpaa<; ovSev, aXX et? riva Kaipov avejBak-
\ov /caXXto).
as roivvv atravra Tavra inrep TWV vvm KaOe- 165
Xe'fo). Aa/ceSaiuovioi, fjuev Kai TO %eviKov
KOI SiefyOeipav TOU? Trepl Koppayov
aurot? o-un/,eTeao^TO KOI
KOI
TT\T]I> IIe\\ijvalcov KOI *ApKala Tracra
7T\rjv Meyd\rjs WXea)?, aur77 Be e
Tr/Sofo? rp> a\wvai, o
6
62 AI2XINOY
ef<w T?}9 dpKTOV Kal rrjs oi/covfjLewrjS oXiyov Beiv
peOeicrTriKeiy o Be 'AvTiTraTpo? 7ro\vv ^povov (rvvrjye
(TTpaTOTreBov, TO ' eao^evov aSrj\ov rjv. 'EvravQ'
d7roBei,%i,v TTolrjcrcu, w ArjfjioaOeves, rl TTOT r]V a
/cai rl TTOT 7]V a eXeye? Kal el /3ov\ec, Tra-
166 pa^aypa) aoi rov /3r]//,aT09, ew? av e'lTrys. 'ETreiSr)
Se (7tya9, -OTI /J>ev aTropels, avyyvw^rjv. e^w aoi, a Be
TOT eXeye?, eyo) vvvl Xe^eo. Ov fjue^vrjcrOe avTov TO,
fjiiapa Kal aTTiOava pr^fjuaTa, a TTO)<; Trod f/xet?, w o-iBr)-
peoi, KapTepelT aKpoa)/ji,evoi ; OT (
aiA7re\ovpyovcri, Tives TTJV 7ro\iv,
Kaal Tive? TO, K\r]/juaTa TOV Brj/juov, UTTOT-
TCL vevpa TWV nrpaj /JidTwv, <f>op/jLop-
em TO, o-Teva, Tives
167 w a TT e p ra? fBe\6va<s Sielpovo-i. TavTa Be TI
ecrTiv, w KivaBos ; 'P^ara rj Oav^iaTa ; Kal 7rd\iv
oje KVK\<> nrepi&wwv aeavrov ejrl TOV firjfJiaTos eXeye?
Ta Aatcco-
IIeppat,/3ov$ d<$>io~Tavai,. Sv jap av
Sv yap av 7Tpoo-e\6oi<; py OTI 77/309
, d\\d 7T/309 outlaw OTTOV KivBvvos TrpoaeaTiv ;
A\\ ei, fjiev TTOV ^p^ara ava\iaKTai,,
(ret,, TTpa^iv Be dvBpbs ov 7rpdt;i,$ edv 8'
TL crviir), Trpoo-TTOiricrr) Ka aavTov eir TO yeyevrjuevov
7rrypcnjret9 av 8' e\6r) 0o/3o9 Tt9, aTroBpdcrr) edv
Be 0appr)o-cofjiv, Baypea? aiTV]<rei<$ Kau
<7T<t>avovo~6ai,,
KATA KTH2I$QNT02. 63
Ncu, a\\a SrjfjiOTiKos eariv. 'Eav fj,ev TOIVVV Trpbs ws
av avTov TCOV \oycov a7ro/3\e7rr)T, e^aTra-
e waTrep KOI irporepov, eav o et9 rrjv fyvcriv
KCLL Trjv akriOeiav, OVK egaTraTTjOricrecrOe. 'Ercelvcos Se
a7ro\a/3T Trap avrov rov \o<yov. Eya) fjue
\oyiovfjiai a Set vTrap^at, ev vy cfrvcrei, TW
dv$pl Kal aaxfrpovi,, /col TToKiv avTiOrjaco Trolov
Tiva 6t/co? ecrnv elvai TOV oXiyap^Kov avOpwTrov Kal
$av\ov ' vfieis S' avn,6evT6s e/carepa TOVTCOV decop^o-ar
avrov, fjiif] oTTorepov rov \oyov, a\\ oTrorepov rov jBiov
ecrrlv. Olpai Toivvv anravra^ av uyu-a? 6/jLO\oyrj(rat 169
rciSe $elv VTrap^at, TW STJ/AOTIKO), TTpcorov fiev e\i>6epov
avrov elvat, Kal 77^009 Trarpos Kal Trpos fifJTpds, "va yu,^
78 Bia rrjv irepl TO yeVo? arv^tav Bva/jievT]^ rj TO?? z/oyu-ot?
ol a(0%ov(Ti rrjv ftrj/jLOKparlav, Sevrepov 8' aTro T&V Trpo-
yovwv evepyecrlav nva avrw Trpos rov STJ/^OV virap^eiv,
77 TO' y dvayKaidraTOV fjLij$piav e%0pav, Iva (JLTJ /3orj-
Qwv Tot? rwv TTpoydvcov arv^fiao-i, a/cco9 eTri^eipy
TToielv TJ]V TTO\IV. TpiTov a(t)(f)pova Kai fterpiov ^pr] 170
7recj)VKevai, avrov TT^O? Tir\v KaO r/pepav Siairav, OTTO)?
p/r) $ia rrjv dcreXyeiav TTI^ Savrai/T;? ScopoSoKrj Kara
TOV Srijjiov, reraprov evyvcafjiova Kal Svvarov enrelv '
Ka\6v yap rrjv fJikv Sidvoiav TrpoaipelcrOai ra /3eA,-
, Trjv $e Tra&eiav rrjv TOV pr\ropo^ Kal TOV \dyov
TOV 9 aKovovras el Be JJLT], TTJV y evyvayuo-
avvrjv del TrpoTaKTeov TOV \dyov. IIefj,7rTov dvSpelov
elvai TTJV ^v^rfv, 'iva p/r) Trapa TO, Sewa Kal TOi/9 KIV-
64 A I 2 X I N O Y
Suvovs jKara\l7rr) TOV Brjfjiov. Tov 8' o\i,yap%LKov
Bel Tavavria TOVTWV e-^eiv T'I jap Bel irakiv
Sfce^aaOe Brj TI TOVTCOV vTrdp^ei ATJJJLO-
crOe'vei 6 Be \oyio~/M)s earco eirl iracn Bi/catois.
171 TOVTG) TTdTrjp /J,ev 3)V ArjjjLoaOevrjs o Haiavievs, avrjp
e\ev6epo$ (ou jap Bel tyevBeaOai), ra 8' a?ro rrjs fjLV]-
T/909 Kai TOV TTaTTTTOV TOV 7T/D09 fJL^TpO^ 7TO)9 %ei dVTto ;
Eyco <f)pao-co. Tv\fj)V r)V etc KepajAecov. Oyro? Trpo-
80^9 Tot9 TroXe/uW Nvfj,<j)ai,ov TO ev HovTU), rore r^9
7roXea)9 e^ova^ TO ^dopiov TOVTO, (frvyas OLTT elcray-
etc T^9 7roXew9 eyeveTO
Tr)v Kpicriv ov
Bocnropov, KaKel \afj,/3avei, Bcopeav Trapa TWV Tvpdv-
172 vcov rou9 wvopacriJLevovs KTITTOVS, Kol japel yvvaiica
fJiev vrj Aia /cai ^pvo-iov eiri^epo^ev^v iro\v,
Be TO yeVo9, ef ^9 ylyvovTat, avT(p
Bvo, a9 e/celvo$ Bevpo ftera TroXXajy ^prj^aTco
Xa9 away/Mere TYJV pev eTepav orcoS^Trore, tva /Arj vroX-
Xot9 aTrexOavcoficu TTJV 8' eTepav eyrj/^e Trap&wv rou9
7roXea)9 vofj^ov^ Arj/jLocrOevrjs 6 Haiavievs, e% 779
vfuv 6 Trepiepyo? /col crv/cocfravTris yeyewjTai,
vr]<?. OVKOVV aTro fjuev TOV iraTnrov TOV Trpos
TroXeyu-409 av elt] TO) BT^/JLO) (OdvaTOV yap avTov TWV
Trpoyovcov /caTe'yvcoTe^, TCL 8' a?ro r^9 pyTpos SKvQrjs,
fBapjBapos e\\7jvt,Q)v TTJ tfxovr) ' 06 ev KOI Trjv Trovijpiav
173 OVK 67rt^a)pi09 ecrTi. Hepi 8e Trjv /caO rjfjiepav BlatTav
r^9 eaTiv ; EK TpiTjpap^ov Xoyoypdfas dve<j>dvr] y TOL
KATA KTHSISGNTOS. 65
Trarpcca /carayeXacrTa)? Tcpoefjievos airLcrros Be Kal irepu
ravra 8o'a? f=lvat, Kal rovs Xoyou? K(f)epa)V rot? CLVTI-
S//eot9 dveirr^rjcrev ITU TO ftrj/Jia' irKelarov S* e -7-179
7roXtTe/a5 etX97$&>5 dpyvpiov eXa^tcrra nrepieTroiricraTO.
Nvv jJLevroi rb {Saa-i\LKbv ^pvaiov eTrifce/cXv/ce TTJV $a-
Trdvrjv CLVTOV, ecrrat 8' ouSe TovO* IKCIVOV ouSet? <yap
TrcoTTore TrXovro? Tpoirov Trovrjpov trepieye'veTo. Kal TO
K(f)d\CUOV, TOV fBloV OVK K TWV L$lcOV TTpOCToBcOV TTOpl,-
ferat, aXX* e/c T&V vpeTeptoV KIV&VVCOV.
Hepl 8' evyvcojAoo-vvrfv Kal \ojou ^vva^LV TTGJ? TCG- 174
^>u/c6 ; Aeivws \eyew, KaKO)<; ftiwvai. OVTCO yap
Ke'xpfJTai Kal TO> eavTOV crtofiaTi KOI TraiSoTroua WCTT
efjie pr) ftov\ecr6ai, \ejeiv a TOVTW TT&rpafftat, ijSrj
yap TTOT el^ov /ttcr^^eWa? TOVS TCL TWV Tr\7]oriov
a \lav cra^xw? Xeyo^ra?. EireiTa TL o-vfJLJSaivei
\i ; Ol fiev \oyoi KaXoi y Ta 8 epja <j>av\a.
IT/305 Se avSplav /Spa^tr? /JLOL Xe/Trerat Xoyo?. El 175
yap rjpveiTO /J,r) 8etXo? elvai TJ vuels /JLTJ
if}V o Xoyo? av JJLOL Trapefyev
Kal auTO? 6fjio\oyec ev raZ? KK\rf<riai? Kal vfjueis crvv-
, \oi7rbv vTTOfJLvfjcrai, rot;? 7T6/3t TovTwv Keiue'vovs
. f O yap SO\G>V, 6 TraXato? vopoBerrfi, ev rot?
eTTtr^/ot? wero 8e^ eve^eaOai TOV dcrTpaTevTOv
Kal TOV XeXotTroVa r^v rafti/ /cat TOV SetXov o/^o/w?
yap m SetX/a? ypafatt. KaiTOi Oavada-eiev av
y/>twv et ftcrt fyvaews ypa(f>ai. Euriv. Twos eve-
; rf lv e/cacrro? T^LWV ra? e/c TWV vopcov tfafua? <j>o-
6*
66 A I 2 X I N Y
auewcov
176 vTrep T?}9 TraTpiBos VTrap^rj. O uev TOLVVV vouoQeTrjs 79
rbv aarparevrov Kal TOP Beikov Kal TOV AtTroWa rrjv
Tafyv efw TWV TrepippavTrjpicov TT}? dyopa? e^elpyei,
Kal OVK ea (7T(j)avov(70ai ovS eidievai et? ra lepa ra
Sr]juiOTe\rj <rv Be TOP aare^avcoTov etc TCOV VOJJLCOV ice-
\evet,? r)/J,as GTeavovv, /cat, TO> aavrov r?;>/o-/xaTt TOV
ov 7rpoa"r\Kovra euo-Kaes ro? rpaywoLS et? TTJV
crrpav, ek TO lepbv TOV ALOVVCTOV TOV ra lepa Sia Bet,-
\iav Trpo&e&wKOTa.
"Iva Be fjurj diroTrXavw vfjias OTTO rrjs vTroOe'aecos,
eicelvo ue'/jLvrjaOe orav (fry BTJ/JLOTIKOS elvai,. Oecopelr
avrov pr) TOV \oyov, a\\a TOV fiiov, Kal aKOirelTe fjirj
r/9 cfrrjalv elvau, d\\a T/9 evTW.
177 'Enel Be o-Tecfidvcov av&p,vrp6yv ical Bwpewv, eo)9
eTi /jLe'/JLvrj/Jiai, 7rpo\e'yci) V/JLW, w avBpes ' AOyvaioi, el
firj /caTdXvcreTe r9 dcfrOovovs TavTas Bwpeas /cal TOU?
elicy BiBoue'vovs crTefydvovs, ovO* ol Tiawaevoi xdpw
VJMV elorovTai ovTe TOL T^9 7roXeft)9 TrpayfiaTa eira-
T0t9 f*ev jap irovrjpov^ ov p
v eaj3a\eLTe. " QTI 8' d\rj6rj Xeyw,
178 TOVTCOV oluai a^ueta Betgeiv vuiv. El yap Tt9
epcoT^o-ece TroTepov vfuv evBo^oTepa Bo/cel TI 7roXt9 elvai
eirl TWV vvvi tcaipav rj eTrl TO>V Trpoyovaw, airavTes
av 6uo\oyri(7aiTe OTL eirl TU>V irpoyovcov. "AvBpes Be
TTOTepov TOTe duelvovs rjaav rj vvvi ; ToVe uev Biacfie-
KATA KTH2I$GNT02. 67
povT$, wvl Be vroXXco KaraSeeo-repot,. Acopeal Be /cal
(TTefyavou /cal /cqpvy/jiaTa fcal cnrriaei^ ev Trpvraveiq)
TTOTepov Tore rjcrav TrXe/ou? % vvvi ; Tore [Jikv r\v
<j7ravia ra tca\a Trap TJ/JLLV /ecu TO T^? apeTijs ovofJba
TLfjbLov ' vvv & 778?; Kara7re7r\VTdi, TO Trpayfia, KCLI TO
(7T(j)avovv ef edovs, a\\ ov/c etc Trpovoias TroielaOe.
OvKOVV CtTOTTOV OVTCOCTt 8iaA,Oytfo/A6^0t5 Ta? flGV Sft)ptt9 179
vvv TrXe/ou? elvcu, TCL Be TrpayfjLdTa TTJ^ TroXeco? Tore
fjt,a\\ov la^yeiVj KCLU TOU? avSpa? vvv fj,ev ftetpovs eivai,
ToVe 8' dpetvovs. 'Eyco Be TovO* uyu-a? eTTi^etpricra)
BiBacrKew. Otegr0' av iroTe, w avBpes 'AOyvaiot,, e@e-
\rj<ral TWO, eTraa/celv et? TCL '0\vfjL7ria 77 et? a\\ov
Tiva TCOV (7Te(pavLT(ov ayo)va)V TrajKpaTiov r] icat, a\\o
TL TMV fiapvTe'pcov a6\wv, el 6 crTetyavos eBlBoTO pr}
TO> KpaTicTTMy d\\a TO) BiaTrpagajjbe'vM ; OvBels av
TTOT r)@e\r)aev eTracnceiv. Nvv 8* oipai Bia TO cnrd- 190
viov KCLI TO 7repifjLa%r)TOV /cat TO /ca\ov /cat, TO aei/jiVT]-
(TTov ex TT}? vi/crjs ede\ovcn Tives TCL crcofjiaTa Trapa/ca-
TaOe^evoi KOI Ta? yu-ey/crTa? Ta\anr(0pia<s v
BiaKivBvveveiv.
TOLVVV vfjbas avTovs elvai d
apeTvjs, KaKetvo e/c\oyi,o-a(T0e, OTI eav fjuev
Ta<? Bwpeas oXiyot,? KOU a%ioi<$ KCLI /caTa TOJ)? vofjuovs
, TToXXoti? dycovio-Tas efeTe T^ dpeTrjs, eav Be
jBov\ofjL(iva> Kol Tot? BiaTrpaga/jie'vois ^apl^o-de, /cal
</>i/o-ct5 Bia^OepetTe. " QTI Be opOax? Xeyw,
ip aa<j)eo-Tepov vjAas /3ov\o/JLai, SiBdgai. Tld-
68 A I 2 X I N O Y
Tepov vfuv dfj,eiva)V dvr]p elvai So/eel
or ev TTJ irepl 2a\a/j,iva vavfJM^id, TOV
evi/caTe, rj Ar)fjLocr6evr]<; 6 TTJV Taiv \ITTWV;
e o rrjv ev MapaOwvi fJid^rjv TOU? fiapftd-
povs viKria-as, rj oSro? ; "En, 8* ol aTro $u\^9 fyevyov-
ra TOV Srj/JLov Karayayovres ; y Apio"re{&rjs 8' o Strccuos
eTTUcaXovfJievos, o rrjv CLVO/JLOIOV e^tov eTrcovv/jilav ATJJJLO-
132 cr0evL ; '-4XA,' eywye pa TOU? 0eov<; TOU? 'OXf/iTT/of?
ov$ ev rat? avraLS yfjuepcus d^iov rjyov/Jiai, fieuvijcrOai
rov Orjpiov rovrov Kaiceivtov rwv dvSpwv. 'ETriBei^dra)
TOIVVV Arj/jioaOevrjs ev TCO avrov Xoyw et irov yeypa-
TTTCII TIVCL TOVTGW Twv avSptoV (TTeffravaxrai. Ayapi-
<7T09 ap rjv 6 Srj/jLos ; OVK, aXXa fJLja\o(f)p(i)v, Ka-
i ye ol fir) Terifjirj/jie'voi, r^9 7roXea)9 af^ot ov jap
Belv ev TO?? <ypdu,u,acn n^aaOaLy aXX* ev TTJ
ri/Jir) ro)V ev TreTrovOorwv, 77 air efcelvov TOV %po-
vov fJ&XP* T ^"^ e T ^ r]tJ<pas dOdvdTos ovaa
e\d/j,/3avov ; *flv d^iov eo~Tt,
183 *Hadv Tives, Z avbpe? 'AOrjvaloi, KCLTO. rou? roVe
ol TTO\VV TTOVOV vTTOfjietvavTes KOI
KIV&VVOVS 7rl TW ^TpVfJbOVL TTOTa/JLto eVLKWV
voi M^Sou? OVTOI Sevpo d<f>ifco/j,evoi, TOV STJ/JLOV rj
Scopedv, /cat eScoKev aurot? o STJ/JLOS rt/xa? //.eyaXa?, a>9
TOT eSofcei, rpet? \i6ivovs *EpfJLas crr^crat ev TTJ crroa
Trj TWV t EpfJuwv, e<f> core fjurj eTriypacfreiv ra
TO, eavTcov, tva ^ TCOV o-TpaTrjywv, aXXa TOV
KATAKTH2I$QNT02. 69
So/cy elvai 7rlypapp.a. "Ore 6 d\rjdrj \e'ya), ef av- 184
rcov TWV Troirjf^drcov e'taecrOe. 'EiriyeypaTTTai, yap eirt,
fJ,V TO) TTptoTO) TtoV 'EpjAOOV,
*Hv apa Kaiceivot, Ta\a/cdp$ioi, oi Trore Mrfxav
TIaialv GTT *Hiovi y Srpvfjiovos dpfyl pod<$ y
Aifiov T aiOtova Kparepov r eVayoi/re? "Aprja
8vo-jj,eve(ov evpov d
'Eiri Se ra>
Be fiidOov AQj)vaioi raB
aperr?.
Avr ev6<Tir<$ KCLI
Ma\\ov T6? ra8' l$cov tcai, 6
ETTI Se rw Tpirw eTriyeypaTrrai, 'Ep^y, 185
"Etc Trore TrjaSe TroX^o? a//,' 'ATpetSycri, Mevecrdevs
'Hyeiro %d6eov Tpcolfcov d/
r Ov TTO# J f Ouiros 6()r Aavawv
UTW? ovSev aet/ce? ' Afyvatoicri,
TroXe/^ou T a^i KCLI
"Ecm TTOV TO ra)v cTTpaTiyycov ovo/jia ; OvSa/jiov, aXXa
TO TOW Srj/jLOV.
TIpocre\Oer6 &rj rfj iavoia /cat, et? rrjv cnoav TT]V
\r]V aTravTow yap vfilv TWV Ka\cov epycov ra
ev rfj dyopa dvaKGirai. Ti ovv eaTiv,
70 AI2XINOY
w ai/Spe9 'A07jvcuoL, o eya> \eyco ; 'EvravOa rj ev
MapaOcovi, fJ'd^rj y^pcnrraL. T/9 ovv r)v o
OvTO)o~l
crOe av on MtXTtaS??, e/cel Se
ovtc
OVK yrrjcre Tr\v Swpeav ravTrjv ;
* o 877/^0? OVK eSto/cev, a\\ CLVTL rov o^o/xaro? crvve-
avrq) TrpcoTcp ypcufrrjvai, irapatcaXovvTi rou?
187 o-rpaTiwras. Ev TOLVVV rw Myrpwcp irapa TO /3ov-
\evrr\piov, rjv eSore Bcopeav rot? a?ro $v\rjs favyovra
TOV Srjpov KCLTayayova-iV, ecmv iSeiv. ' Hv fiev jap
6 TO ^ri^ia^a ypd\jra$ fcal viKr\<jas 'Ap^wos o etc
Kol\r)<?, et? TWV tcaTayayovrayv TOV SIJ/JLOV, eypatye 5e
fj,ev avTois et? Ovaiav icai avaOrj/jiaTa Sovvai,
/3a^Lttt? (teal TOVT ecrTLV eXaTTOv r) Se'tca Spa-
KCLT av^pa etcaaTOv), erreiTa K\vei, a"Tavu><jai
6a\\ov o-T6(f>avQ) CLUTWV e/caaTov, a\\ ov %pvo-q) Tore
fjJev jap rfv o TOV Oa\\ov aTe<f)avo<; TI/JUO?, vvvi Se
Koi o xpvo-ovs KaTaTre<f>povr)Tai. Kal ov8e TOVTO el/cy
Trpa^ai, K\vei,, a\\ aKpiftas TTJV fBov\v]V (rtc\jrafJLevr]V
OCTOL avTwv 7rl ^1^X779 7ro\iopKr)0Tj(Tav, ore AatceSai-
KOL ol TpiaKOVTd 7rpo<re/3a\\ov rot9 KaTaXajBovai
riv, ov% ocroi TTJV TO^IV e\nrov ev Xcupcoveta TWV
ITTIOVTCOV. "On 8' aXrjdrj \eyco, d
TO
183 HEPI AQPEA2 TOI2 AHO $YAH2.
IIapavd<yva)0i, K<U o
vei, TO) TCOV fieyio-TCDV KCLKWV CUTIW.
KATA KTH2I$J2NT02. 71
A.
81 TOVTO) TO) ^f^icr^aTi ea\ei<peTai, ?? TWV Karaja-
TOV Srjpov Soaped. El TOVT e^et fca\ws, e/celvo
el e/cewoi, /car a%iav Ti/A7]6r)crav, oim>9
Kalrot TTwOavofJiai <y CLVTOV fjie\\eiv \eyetv w? ov 189
TTOICO 7rapa/3a\\o)v avrco ra TWV Trpoyovcov
epya ovbe jap ^iKa^^va <>r\<jei TOV TTVKTrjV O\VJJL-
iriacn arefyavwOrivat, viK^aavTa T\avicov TOV
eicelvov TTVKrrjv, d\\a roi/9 KaO* eavrov a
wcnrep VJACLS dyvoovvras ort rot? /j,ev TTVKTCUS ecrrlv 6
jcov 7T/309 aou?, Tot9
?rpo9 avTrjv rrjv dpeT^v ^9 fcal eve/co, are^avovvTai. Ael
yap TOV /cripVKa dtyevBeiv, OTCLV Tr\v avapprjcriv ev TO)
7T/D09 TOV9 '' ' E\\rjVa^ Mr) OVV t]j
ireiro\iTevo-ai
OVTOJ
rf lva Se fJUT] diroTT\avw v^as avro Trjs vTroOe'crecos, 190
fuv 6 ypap/jiaTevs
rot9 diro $v\rj$ TOV
vfuv 6 ypap/jiaTevs TO eTrtypapfJia o
yovcriv.
EHirPAMMA.
dpGTri<$ eve/co, (TTecfrdvois lyepaipe
AOrjvcucov, ol TTOTC TOU9 aS//
p^avTa^ ?roXto9 nrp^TOi /caTcnraveiv
Hpt;av, KivSvvov aco/jLacriv apafjuevoi.
72 AI2XINOY
191 "On rovs Trapa TOU9 VO/JLOVS ap^avras Ka-r
Bta TOUT' avTovs <j)7]ai,v o TTOLIJT^ Ti/ArjOrjvcu. "Evav-
\ov yap ?]v rore iraaiv on Tyvucavra 6 Srj/jios /care-
\v6r], Treiori Tives ra? ypatyas T&V Trapavo/Jiayv dvel-
\ov. Kal yap rot, a>9 eyco TOV irarpo^ TOV e/juavrov
7TvvOav6fJL7)v (o? err} fiiov? vevr)KOVTa Kal 7reWe ere-
\evTqcrev, aTrdvToov /zerao-^wz/ TWV TTOVCOV rfj 7ro\ei),
b? 7ToXXat9 7T/30? 6//e &ierji, wl cr^oX^?. E(f)7j yap,
ore a/mew? KaT\rj\u6ei, 6 817/^09, a Tt9 eiaiot, ypa<f>Tj
TrapavojJLwv et9 SitcaaTiipiov, clvai O/JLOIOV TO ovo/j,a KCU
192 TO epyov. Ti yap iotiv dvoaitorepov clvSpo? irapd-
\eyovros Kal irparrovro^ ; Kai, rrjv axpoacriv,
e/cetj/09 dirriyye\\evy ov TOV avrbv rponov CTTOIOVVTO
vvv ylyveTai, aX\ crai/ TTO\V %a\7ra)Tpoi, 01
Bt,fca<TTai, T0t9 Trapavo/Jia ypacfrovaw CLVTOV TOV /caTrj-
yopov, KO\ 7roXXa/^t9 dveTro&ifyv TOV ypa/j,fjiaTea Kal
Ke\evov 7rd\iv dvayiyvwo-Keiv TOi/9 vouous Kal TO tyr]-
<f)icrfjba, Kal ij\io-KOVTO ol 7rapdvofj.a ypdfyovTes OVK el
TrdvTas 7rapa7rr]$T]o-ai,6v TOV$ VO/JLOVS, aXX et, fitav fio-
vov o-v\\a/3r]V Trapa\\d%aiV. To Be vvvi yiyvouevov
v7repKaTaye\ao~Tov ecrTiv 6 fJikv yap ypajj,-
dvayiyvcocrKei TO Trapdvopov, ol Be BiKaaTal
e7T(t)Sr)V rj d\\OTpiov TI TTpayua aKpowfievoi
193 7rp09 eVepft) TLvl T7)V yvwfirjv e^ovcnv. H$7] 8 etc
MeTevr\veKTai yap vf
TCL T?79 7ro / Xeo)9 SiKaia 6 fAev yap KdTrjyopo? a?roXo-
KATAKTH2I$flNT02. 73
yelrat,, 6 8e favycw r^v ypa<f>r)V /caTTjyopel, ol 8e Si,-
Kaaral eviore &v pe'v elan, tcpiral eTriKavOdvovrcu, wv
8' oi) K, elai SiKaaral, Trepl TOVTGOV dvay/cd&VTai
V (frepew. Aeyei Se o favycov, lav dpa TroO* a
rov Trpdy/jiaTOS, ov% 9 evvopa yeypafav, d
7TOT6 Kai irporepov erepo? roiavra ypd'
(frvyev. E(f> w /cal vvvi fieya (frpovelv afcova) KT^CTC- 194
(ftcovra, er6\fia 8 ev V/JULV Trore arefjLVvveo'Oai Apiaro-
<j)0)v etcelvos o 'Atflvievs \eya)v on, ypa^as Trapavo/Acov
vTa teal Trevre.
6 Ke(f)a\os 6 TToXaios efcelvos, 6 So/cwv
yeyovevcu, ov% oi/ro)?, a\\ 7n rot?
e^>tXoTf/Atro, \eycov QTI TrXetcrra Trdvrcov ye-
irapavo/jiayv, /cakws, ol/iat, <re/jt,vvvdpevos. 'Eypd(povTo
yap aXX^Xou? irapavo^wv ov povov ol Sia7ro\nevo[jievoi, 3
d\\d KOI ol (f)l\ot TOU? c^/Xou?, 6t TI e^dfjudpTOiev et? Trjv
. 'E/ceWev Se rovro yva>cr0'0e. 'Apyfivos yap o etc 195
ypd-^aTO TrapavojJLwv Qpao"uftov\ov rov Sret-
piea jpd^ravrd ru irapd TOVS POPOVS, [crT</>ai/oi)y] eva
TCOV avyKaT6\6dvTOOV avrq) aTro <t>v\rjs, /cat ei\e vecocrrl
yeyewrj/jLe'voyv avrOt TWV evepyecncov, a? ov% i>7re\oyi-
aavro ol SL/caarai, r^yovvro yap, oicnrep rore avrovs
<f>6vyovTas aTTO $v\r)$ Q pacrv/3ov\os tcarriyayev, OVTCO
vvv fJitvovTas %e\auviv ypa<povra rt irapa rovs vo-
/tou?. *AX)C ov vvv, d\\a nrav rovvavriov ylyverai, 1%
oi yap ayaOot arpar'rjyot vyCw KCLI TWV ra?
74 AI2XINOY
TW69 evp7)fj,eva)V Iv TO) 7rpvTavi(p e^aiTovvTcu ra? ypa-
<>a9 TGOV TrapavofMoyv, 01)9 vfiei? ct%apiGTOV$ eivcu St,-
/ea/o>9 av inroXa^dvoire el jap rt9 ev ^rf^oKpa-ria
TeTtyt?7/-iei/09, ev TOiavry TroTure/a rjv ol Oeol KCU ol vo-
IJLQL crco
197 T/9 ovv aTroBe&ei/CTai, Xoyo9 dv&pl
KOI crdxfrpovi ; *Eya) \e(t). t9 Tpia pe
rj rjjjbtpa, OTCLV eicrir) ypa<j)r] Trapavo^wv et9 TO
piov. 'Ey%elTai, jap TO p,ev irpwTov vBcop
yopft) Kal T0t9 VOfJLOLS KOI Trj Srj/JLOKpClTia, TO & SeVTpOV
T&> Trjv ypa<j)r)v (frevyovTi, Kal TOI et9 avTo TO
\e<yov(Tiv eVetSai/ 8e TTJ TrptoTrj tyrifyw p/r) \v@fj
TO Trapdvo/jiov, ifirj TO TpiTOV vBcop ey%iTai, TT; Tifir\aet>
19S KOI TO) fieyedet TTJS opyr)<; T^9 v/JLTpa<;. "OaTis fiev ovv
ev TT) TLfjLTjffei, TTJV tyrjffrov aiTei, TTJV opyrjv TTJV
irapaiTeiTau 6crrt9 5 ev TW TTpcoTO) \oya> TTJV ifrvj^ov ai-
Tel, opicov aiTei, VO/JLOV alTei, SrjjLLOKpaTiav atret, wv OVT
(UTrjcrai ovBev OCTLOV ovSevl OVT aiTtjOevTa Tp(p Sovvcu.
ovv avTov$, edo-avTas V/JLO,? TTJV TTpMTrjv ^frrj-
<j)ov KdTa TOU9 VOfAOU? $ieveyKeLV, airavTav et9 TTJV TI-
199 fiyo'iv. f/ OXft>9 8' eycoye, w avSpes ' AOijvalot,, o\lyov
ct>9 /cal VOJJLOV
IJLOVOV rat9 Trapavofjicov, pr) l^eivai yLt^re T&>
avwrjyopovs Trapacr^eo'dai, ^Te TOJ Trjv ypa<f>rjv TCOV
Trapavofjicov favyovTi. Ov yap aopiaTov eaTt TO
KATA KTH2I$GNT02. 75
fl<T7rep yap ev rfj TeKToviKy, orav elSe'vcu /3ov\a)fie0a 200
TO Op6oV Kttl TO //-TJ, TOV KCLVQVCL TTpOCr(j)6pOfieV O) &-
yiyvwcrKeTai,, OVTW Kal ev TOI<$ ypacfrals Tat? TWV Tra-
pavopcov Trapa/ceiTCM icavcov TOV SIKCUOV TOVTL TO aa-
vt,$iov Kal TO tyrifyio- pa /cal ol Trapayeypa^evot, VO/JLOI,.
TavTa GV/JLcfrcovovvTa a\\rj\oi<$ eTTtSe/fa? KaTajBaive
Kal TL 8et ere Arj^oaOevrjv TrapaicdKeiv ; *' QTOV 8*
vTTp7T'rjSr](7a(f TTJV SiKaiav airoXoyiav irapaKakr)^ Ka-
Kovpyov avOpcoTTOV Kal Te^viTrjv \oywv, ^XeTTTei? rrjv
ciKpoacriv, /SXctTTTe^? Trjv iroXiv, KaTa\vei<? Tr)v STJ/JLO-
KpaTiav.
Tt? ovv eo~Tiv airoTpOTrrj TWV TOIOVTGOV \oycov ; Eyco 201
epw. Erreio'av 7rpoae\6cov evTavOol
TOUTO $T TO
GOLT avTov avev 6opv/3ov TO aavio'iov \ajBeiv Kal TOV?
Tft> ^r^io-jJiaTt, irapavayvoovai,. 'Eav 8e ^77
fjLO>v aKQveiVy fj,r)8e vfjiei? eKeivov ede\6T6
aicoveiv ov yap TWV (frevyovTcov Ta9 ov
\oyia$ eia-e\rjKv6aTe aKpoacrofjievoi, d\\a
TODV StKaico? aTTO\oyei(rOai. Eav S v
SiKatav a7ro\oylav A^fJioa-Oev^v T
IJ,ev fir) 7rpoaSe%eo-0 Kawvpyov av6pa>7rov, olofievov
f? VO/JLOV? ava(,p7](rei,v, [irjB* ev apeTy TOV@*
ls KaTa\oyi%eo-da), 05 av eTravepofievov K.Tr)~
i Ka\ecrr) Arjfioo-Oevrjv TT^WTO? dva^or^crrj
Ka\ei, Ka\ec. 'Ejrl cravTov KaXeis, 7rl TOU9 vo-
76 A I 2 X I N O Y
jj,ov$ /ca\eis, eiri TTJV S?; pore par lav /eaXet?. *Av 6 apa
vfuv SOT) atcovew, afydxrare TOP Arj/jLoa-Oevrjv TOV avTov
203 TpoTrov aTro\ojeia6ai> bvTrep fcayco KaTrjyoprj/ca. Eyco
Se 7ra>9 Karrj<yopr]Ka ; Iva tcai v7ro/jLvr)cra) v^as. Ovre
rbv iSiov ftiov TOV ArmocrOzvovs Trporepov Bt,e^rj\0ov 83
ovre TWV Srj/jiocTlcov d^ifCTj/jLCLToyv ov&evbs Trporepov efjivri-
aOrjVt a<f)6ova S^TTOV /cat 7ro\\a e-^wv \eyeiv, rj Trdvrwv
y* av etrjv aTropforaro^ a\\a Trpwrov p^ev rou? vo-
Sei,^a aTrayopevovTas fir] crT<f)avovv rou? vTrev-
, eTreiTa rov p^ropa ef>yXe/fa ypatyavra ATJ/J.O-
aOevrjv virevOvvov ovra are^avovv ovSev 7rpo/3a\o/jivov,
ov$e Trpoaeyypa^jravTa eirei^av Sw ra? evOv
d\\a 7ravTe\c0s Kai vfiwv Kal TGOV VO/JLCOV
vrjKora KCU ra? ecroyLteVa? 77/309 ravra
204 elirov, a? afyw KOI v/j,as SiafjLvrjfJioveveiv. AevTepov S J
vfjuv Si,^\0ov TOU? Trepl rcov Krjpvyfjidrcov VO/AOVS, ev
ot9 Siapprj&rjv dTrelprjrai TOV VTTO TOV Srj/j,ov o-Tecfiavov-
fj,evov fiif] KvipvTTecrQat, ef<y r^9 e/c/cXrjcrias 6 8e prjrcop
6 <f>vya)V T7]V ypcufirjv ov rou9 VOJAOV? JJLOVOV Trapafte-
ffrj/cev, a\\a /cal TOV Kaipov 7779 avapprjo-ew? Kal TOV
TOTTOV, K6\VCOV OVK V Ty KK\rj(7 LCi, d\\ V TO)
TTJV dvdpprj&iv
vcua)V, a\\a fjie\\ovTcov Tpayw&wv eicnevai. TavTa 8'
CiTrcov fjiiKpa [lev irepl TCOV iSicov CLTTOV, TO, Se
rrepl TWV STJ/JLOO-LCOV dSLKrjfjLaTcov \ejco.
205 OVTW Si] fcal TOV Arjfjioo-OevTjv aftcoo-are a
77/909 TOV TCOV vTrevOvvcov VO/JLOV TrpcoTov
KATA KTH2I$GNT02. 77
TOV wept TO>V KypvyfjiaTcov Sevrepov, rpirov 8e TO //.e-
\eyco, 9 ovSe afto? ecrn T^9 Saipeas. '
Serjrai, awyxcoprjo-ai avTw irepi, TT}? Ta
TOU Xo'you, Kare'ira'yyehXo/jLevos w? eVi T^ reXeirn;
Xytret TO Trapdvo/Jiov, fir) crv<y%copeiT,
on TrakaicrfJia TOVT earl ^iKaarrjpiov ov
yap elcravOis Trore j3ov\TCU TT^O? TO 'Trapavofjiov anro-
\ojela6ai,, aXX* ou8ey e^wz^ Sifcaiov eiirelv erepcov ira-
pjJijBo\.r) irpayfJLcuTwv et? XTJ^I/ i/yu,a? povKerat, TT}?
e^^akelv. "flcnrep ovv ev rot? ryvfjuviKol? 206
opare TOU? TTVKTCIS Trepl
o\t]V
, ovrco /ca vfjies ot]V TTJV rj^epav
TTJS TroXew? Trepi T^? Tafeo)? aura) ToO \oyov
Kal /z?) eare avrov et? TOU? efw row Trapavofiov Xo /r you?
irepucrraaOaL, aXX ey/caOrj/jievoi teat, eveSpevovres ev rrj
afcpoacrei, eiare\avveT avrov et9 TOU9 TOU Trpaj^aro^
\oyov$, KCLI ra-9 eicrpoTras avrov rwv \oya>v eTrirrjpelre.
* a Sr] avfJ,/3rio'Tai, vfMV, eav rovrov rbv rporrov 20?
afcpoacrw rroiricrOe, ravO vpiv rjSrj Si/caws eifju
^et, yap rov yorjra Kai /3a\avrio-
Ovros K\aet,
paov rj aXXo^ <ye\waw, eTTiop/cei Be TravTcav rrpo-
OVK av Qavacraiii Se el
VTT
?rpo9 TO TOU fcarrjyopov /Brjpa, TOU9
TO TOU (pevyovTos. r Orav Sr) ra roiavra Xey^, 208
7*
78 A I 2 X I N O Y
7T/909 /JLV TOU9 CTT CL<T ICL(TT iKOV 9 oyOf9 KIVO dVTq) V7TO-
/SaXXere, OT& co A r) HOG 6 eves, el <rol ?]o~av OJJLOLOL
oi aTro <t>X?79 (f>evyovra rov SrjfMov Karaya-
yovrest OVK av 7ro0 J rj SrjpoicpaTia /caTearTj.
Nvv Se eicelvoi /Jbev fieyd^cov KCLKWV <rv/ji/3av-
T(ov ecraxrav rr)V 7ro\t>v TO Ka\\i<TTOv e/c
Betas prj/jia ^Oey^d^evoL, Mr)
av Se 6X^07704669, /cal //.aXXoi/ <rot jJLe\et, rwv
Xoycov r) rrjs awTtjpLas r^9 7roX6O)9.
wv et9 Trjv Sia ra)v opiccov iriaTiv /ca-
ra<f)vyyavrj, eicelvo aTrofiv^fiovevaare avrq), bri TO> TTO\-
f Orav 8' eTrioKos wv et9 Trv Sia
del 8e 7ro9 rou9 avrovs
TTLareveaOat, bvoiv Odrepov vTrdp^cu Bel,
<v ovberepov eari, A^^oaGevei virdp^pVy r) TOU9
TI rou9 a/cpoaras /JLTJ TOVS
209 Tlepl Se rct)v Satcpvayv real rov TOVOV rrjs cfrayvTJs, orav
fyLta9 eTrepwra, irol tearcKfrvyQ), w av&pe? 'AQvj-
valot, ; II epiy pa^Jrare fie e/c r^9 7roXtT6/a9*
OVK eOTTLV OTTOfc (IV ttTTTT] CT fJ, CL I, av6vTTO/3d\\eT6 84
avrq), o Be 897/^09 o 'Adrjvatwv Trot Kara(j)vyrj t
4r)fjLO(T0ves ; IIpos TTOICLV (rvfjbjjud'^wv Trapa-
<TKevr\v; Upos irola ^pri^ara; Tl 7rpofta\-
\ofjievos VTTep rov STJ^OV TreTro^irevo-ai ; l A
fiev jap VTrep aeavrov pe(Bov\evo~ai, airav-
T69 opco/jiev. EK\ITTWV fJbev TO acrrv OVK OL-
Kels, <9 So/ce69, ev HeLpaie'i, aXX* egop/Aels
K T?79 7TO / X6ft)9, (j)o8l,a $ 7T 67T Op I <T a I rfj craV~
KATA KTH2I$QNT02. 79
TOV dvavSpia TO /3 a & t,\ t, KO v ^pvalov Kai, Ta
Srjfjboo-ia ScopoSofcrjucbTa. f/ OXo>9 Se rl Ta Ba/cpva; 210
T/9 I] Kpavyri ; T/9 o TOVO<$ Trjs (jxovrjs ; OL% o
fjuev TJJV ypaffrrjv favycov earl KTrjeuficov, 6 B
OVK aTi^rjTOS, crv S ovre Trepi, 7779 ovcrias ovre
TOV G-waTos OVT6
irepl TWOS e<TTiv avTO) r) o-TrovBrj ; Ilept ^pvcrcov <ne-
/col KfjpvyiiJLaTayv ev TU> OeaTpq) Trapa TOi/9 vo-
ov expty, el KCU navels o Bfjpos rj TWV KaOe- 211
7rtX6X?;(7/ieVo9 eirl TOiavTrjs a/ccupias e{3ov-
Xero (TTe<f>avovv CIVTOV, 7rape\0ovTa 6^9
, av&pes *A Orjvalo i, TOV /JLCV
TOI/ Se fcaipov aTroSoKifjid^a) ev o>
TO Kripvy/bia ylyveTai* ov jap Sel efi ot9 ^
7roXfc9 eTrevOrjcre tea], etcetpaTO, 7rl TOVTOIS
eue (7T(f)avov(70ai,. '-4XX* olaai, TavTa /JL^V av
eiiroL dvrjp o^ra>9 ySeySta>/c&)9 fteT dpeTrjs a Se av Xe-
^et9, eiTTOi, av rcaOapua %rj\oTV7rovv apeTTjv. Ov jap 212
Srj act TOV ( HpaK\ea TOVTO ye VJJLCOV ovSeis cfropTjQr]-
creTai,, ur) 6 ArjaoaOevr)^, avrjp yu-eyaXoi|ru^09 teat, TOL
7TO\efjii,/ca Siaffrepcov, diroTV^cov TWV dpto-Tetcov
7rave\0cov eavTov o*iari(7r)Tai, 09 TOCTOVTOV
wcrre Tr)V uiapav
TavTrjv Kal V7rev6vvov, TJV OVTOS Trapa irdvTas rou9 vo-
/Ltof9 yeypafa aTe^avcocrai,, pvpidKis /caTaTeTurj/ce teal
TOVTCOV nicr6ov<$ e'tKrjfye TpavuaTO? eK TTpovota?
, KCLL KaTaKKov$v\io~Tai, ware avTov
80 AI2XINOY
ra rcov KovBv\cov I'Xy 1 *) TCDV MeiBiov eyew en fyavepd* o
yap avQpa)7ro<? ov K(f)a\^v f d\\a TrpoaoBov Ke
213 Tlepl Be Krr](n,(f>a)vros rov ypdtyavros rrjv
/3pa%e'a /3ov\oaai elrrelv, ra Be TroXXa V7rep/3r}o-o/j,ai,
iva KCLI Treipav vpwv \a/3a), et SwaaOe TOV$ a(j)oSpa
Trovrjpous, Kav yu-rj rt? Trpoe'iTrr), Siayiyvcoo-Kew 08*
earl KOIVOV K<U SLKCUOV KCLT afjifyoreptov avrcov a7ray-
yei\cu Trpos u/xa?, TOUT' epw. nepcep^ovrat, yap ryv
dyopav aXyOeis KCLT d\\ri\a>v e^ovre^ So^a? /cal \oyovs
214 ov i/reuSe^ Xeyoi/re?. 'O fiev yap Krrjcn^wv ov TO
eavTov (j)r)o-i (^o/SelaOai, e\7rieiv yap
elvaiy d\\a rqv rov Arfuoo-Qevovs ev rfj
(f>r)al ^o^elaOai KOI rrjv fjL r ir\r)1~i,av
Sei,\tav 6 Be A^fJiocrOev^ et9 avrov /iez/ aTro/SX
Qappeiv (^Tjalv, rrjv Be rov K.T7)o~i<f)covTOS Trovrjpiav /ecu
7ropvo/3o(7Kiav io-%vpo)<? SeSievai,. Tovs BTJ Kareyvoj/co-
ra? aXX?]Xa)^ aSiKelv fJLTjSafjiws vfjuels ol KOivol icpiral
TWV eyrc\rjfjLaT(ov airo\vcrr]TG.
215 Hepi Be rwv et? epawrov \ocBopiwv jBpa^ea /3ov\ouai
TTpoeiTrelv. HvvQavo^ai yap \e%eiv dTjuoo-Oe'vrjv w? ^
7roXt9 VTT avTov fjicv wtyeXrjTai, TroXXa, VTT efAov Be xa-
Ta/3ej5Xa7TTai, Kal TOV 3>i\nnrov Kal rov *Akiav&pov
Kal Ttt? aTTO TOVTCOV alrla$ avotcrew evr eae. Ovrco
yap ecrriv, a>9 eoiKe, Beivos Brjuiovpyos \oycov ware OVK
aTTo^prj avrq), el ri 7T7ro\iTevuai, Trap 9 v/juv eyay ^ el
216 rivas Brjaqyoplas elpTjKa, TOVTMV KaTqyopelv, d\\a Kal
rr)V r)o~v%lav JJLOV rov fltov Bia/3d\\ei, Kal
KATA KTH2ISQNT02. 81
fiov Karyyopei, iva /LLijBels avrw TOTTO? ao~VKo<j)avrr)ro$
TrapaXeiTryrai,, teal ras ev rols jv/JLvaato^ uera rcov
vewrepcov fjbov Siarpi/3a<; Karaaea^erat, /cat Kara
rrj<? Kpicrecos evOvs ap^duevos rov \oyov fyepei,
alriav, \eycov a>9 eya) TTJV <ypa(j)r)v ov% VTrep T^
o9 CIVTOV e^Opav. Kal VTJ AL , a>9 eyco irvvBavopai, 217
fjie dvepwrav Bia T/ TO ftev K(j)d\aiov rrjs TTO\I>-
ta9 avrov tyeyco, ra Be /cad e/caarov ov/c
01/8* 6jpa(f)d/^ir]v, d\\a 8ia\t,7rcov Kal irpbs rrjv
recap ov TTVKVCL Trpocriwv aTrrivey/ca TTJV <ypa<f)7]v. Ejco
Se ovre ra9 Arj^oo-Oevovs $iarpi/3as efrjTiw/ca, ovr eiii
e/jiavTOu aLa^yvofjbai, ovre TOVS eiprj/jievovs ev
\dyov? fjbavTa> appr\Tov<$ elvaC j3ov\oijjLr)v, ovre ra avra
rovro) SrjiLLvjyopricras eBe^dfJLTjv av tfjv. Trjv 8* /j,r)V 213
(TiwTrrjv, w Arj/jido-Qeves, rj TOV ftiov fJierpLorr]^ irape-
cr/cevao'ev aptcel jap JULOI, (jiiKpa /cat, fjiet^ovcov at
OVK eTTLOvfia), ware Kal GIJW Kal \ejco
aX\' ov/c dvayKa^daevos VTTO r^9 ev rrj
Sv S', olfjiaiy Xa/9a>y /JLCV (jeaiy^Ka^y dva\cocra<s Se Ke-
Kpayas. Aeyeis Be ov% error av croi BoKy ovB* a fBov\ei,
aXX* OTrdrav ol aio-doBorai, croi Trpoararrcoaiv OVK
alo")(yvri Be aXa^ovevdaevo^ a irapa^pruJLa e^e\ej^rj
ri jap rj Kara rovBe rov tyy- 219
ypafyri, rjv ov% vTrep 7779 7roXeo)9, aXX vrrep
7:7309 'A\e'%avBpov
rrplv
82 AI2XINOY
KaTacrTTjvat, OVTTO) o~ov TO ire pi Havaaviav evvirvtov
ecopa/coTOS ovBe 717)09 TTJV AOrjvav K.CLI TTJV Hpav vv-
KTUtp SLi\JfJLVOV. UoJ? OLV OVV ejCO TrpOeveBeiKVVfJL7]V
el ye fJLT] TaVTO ZVVTTVIOV JO) KOI
220 '^TrtTiyLta? ^e fJLOL el /Jirj o-ui/e^co?, d\\a
7T/90? TOV Srj/jLov TTpoaep^ofjiai, Kal rrjv a^iwaw ravrrjv
oiei, \av6aveiv i]fj,a<$ fjuera^epcov OVK e/c BTJ/JLO Kparias,
a\\ e% erepa? TroXtre/a?. 'Ev fiev yap rat? o\iyap-
XLCU? ov% o /3ov\o/jLevos, a\\ 6 Svvao-revcov Karrjyopei,
ev Be rat? STJ/JLOK paricus 6 povKopevos real orav avrto
80^77. Kal TO /JLev Sia %povov \eyeiv arjfielov e&Tiv errl
TWV KCUpWV Kai TOV (TVfji<f)epOVTOS ClvSpOS TTO\{,TVOfJievOV,
TO Be wBe/jLiav 7rapa\ei7retv r^epav epyafype'vov real
221 jMcrOapvovvTOS. 'Tirep Be TOV fi^irco KCKplaOat VTT
e/jiov /JirjBe TWV aBiKijfJiaTtov Ti/Jiwpiav VTroo-^elv, orav
Ka,Ta(j)evyr)$ ejri TOI;? TOIOVTOVS \oyovs, rj rou? afcovov-
rj cravrov
Ta fjiev jap Trepl T0i>9 AfjL<j)icro-ea$ rjae^rjfjieva croi Kal
TOL Trepl Trjv Evfioiav BtopoBofcrjfle'vTa, xpovcov eyyeyevrj-
fjidvwv ev of? V7T efJLov fyavepws efijXey^ov, tcrw? e\7r/-
222 ^6i9 TOV BrjjAov d/j,vr)/jiove'iv TO, Be Trepl ra9
TOU9 Tpirjpapxovs dpTrayfiaTa T9 av aTTOKpv^rai
BvvaiT av, OTe vofJLo6eTr\cra^ Trepl TWV TpiaKOo-iwv
Kal aavTov. Treiaas Afrifvatavs eTTKrTaTfjv Tagai TOV
vavriKov, 6^77X6^^779 VTT epov e%r\icovTa K,ai TrevTe vewv
Tr\eiov r9
KATA KTH2I<J>GNT02. 83
7roXe<w9 d<j)avto)V vavTiKov rj ore * AQ^valoi TTJV ev IVa-
f &> vavpayiav AaKeBaipovlovs Kai IIo\\iv evlKfjaav ;
Ovro) Be rat? aiiiais eve(j>pat;a$ Ta? Kara aavrov TI~ 223
Capias ware TOV KivBvvov elvai, fjurj croi TO) abucricravTt,,
d\\a rot? Gn^LQvaiy TroKvv fjiv Tov ^AXe^avSpov /cat
TOV 3>i\t7r7rov ev rat? &a/3o\at9 fa'poov, alriwfJLevo^ Be
rivas e//,7roS/fe^ TOW rrjs 7roXea)9 Kaipovs, del TO Trapov
\vfjiaiv6 jjuevos, TO Be jjLe\\ov Kare7raj f ye\\ofjuevo^. Ov 224
TO TeXeuTatoz/ ei<7ayye\\o-0ai, fjLe\\a)v VTT e^ov rr]v
TOV flpewov KaTecncevaaas, TOV
TO, djopda^aTa 'OXfyLtTTtaSt dyopdtyvTOS, Kai TOV avTOV
avBpa Stec7T/3eySXft)cra9 TTJ CTCIVTOV %e^t rypd^Jra^ avTOV
JLLaxrai, Kai nrapa TOE) avTq> ev flpea)
ajro T^9 ai/T779 TpaTre&s etyayes Kai, eiues
KOI TTJV Sefyav eve/3a\es avBpa <pl\ov
%evov TTOiovjAevos, /cat, TOVTOV aTre/cTeiva? ; Kai
TOVTCOV ev aTracriv AQ^vaioi^ ee\e<y%6ei,<? VTT eaov Kai
gevoKTovos ov TO dae'/3r}ua r]pvr}(Ttt> t aXX* dire-
ecj) a) ave/3or)(rev 6 877/1,09 Kai bvoi evoi TrepiecrTa-
aav T7]V KK\r}(Ti,av efyycrOa yap TOU9
Trepi, 7r\ei,ovos TTOirfa-aadai Trjs ^evi/crjs
86 'E7rt(7TO\a9 Be aiyco tyevBels Kai KaTaaKOTrcov av\- 225
Kai jBaa-dvovs eV aiTiais dyevriToi,?, W9 euov
TIVODV ev Ty iroKei vecoTepi^eiv (3ov\ouevov. ETrei,-
Ta eTrepcoTav ae, &>9 eyco 7rvv6avojJiai, ue\\ei, Tt9 av
e'lrj TOtouTO9 laTpos 6 / crTi9 TW voaovvTi fjieTa^v uev acrOe-
VOVVTI urjBev crv/jL/3ov\voi, Te\evTr\o-avTO^ Be avTov e\@cov
84 AI2XINOY
et9 ra evara Bie^lot, 7rpo9 rot9 oliceiovs a
t N A ' / V <>P>>>> /A
226 vyirjs av eyevero. 2,avrov o ov/c avrepwras, TIS av
e'lrj ftgywyopyof roioOro? ocrrt? TCI/ yu-ey Brjuov OcoTrevcrai
, rovs Se Kdipovs ev of? ^y ato&aOcu rrjv TTO\W
eiv, air o$ pas S' /c TCOI/ KW&VVCOV KCLI, T^V TTO-
7r apery, ayaOov p,ev TreTroirj/cws /jiijBev, iravrcov Be
KCIKWV curio? yeyovws, eirepcoT^rj Be TOL>? (rvKO(f)av-
e/c rrjs TroXtTe^a? err eiceivfov TWV tcaipwv or
a rt, avrov ov/c e/ca)\vo-av %a/j,apra-
227 vew ; ' ATroKpvrrroiro Be TO ndvrwv re\evralov, on,
T^9 yLta^?;? eTnyevo/Aevr)? ov/c 6<r^oXab^ez; irepi rrjv o~r)v
elvat rifjiaypiav, aXX virep rrjs o-Q)r / rjpia<s T?}? ?roXe&)9
eTTpeo-pevofjuev eTretBrj Be OVK drre^Tj o~oi Bl/crjv fj,r)
SeBay/cevat, aXXa /ecu Bapea? alrels /caraye\aarov ev
TTO\LV TTOIWV, evravO evecrrt]v /ecu rrj
223 Kal vr) rov<$ 6eov$ rovs 'OXu/ATT/of?, S)V eyco
vo^ai ArnjLoa6evr]v \e%eiv, e<f) a> vvvi ^eXXa>
dyava/crco /jLaXicrra. ' Afyopowl yap -uov r^v $v
Tat? Seiprjcnv, a>9 eoi/ce. Kal ydp VTT e/celvcov ov /crj-
\eicr0ai <j)r)cn rovs a/cpocouevovs, aXX a7ro\\vcr6ai,
BtOTrep ovB ' evBorcifjielv rrjv rwv Seipr^vcov fjiovcrt/crjV
/cal Br) real rrjv rcov eacov \6ycov e^rreipiav KOL rr]v
(ftvcnv aov yeyevrjcrOai errl /3\d/3r) rcov aKovovrcov.
Katroi rov \6yov rovrov 6 / Xa>9 uev eycoye ovBevl rrpz-
KATA KTHSI-fcQNTOS. 85
7Tiv r/yov/jiai, Trepl efjiov \eyeiv (rrjs yap ama? atcr^pov
TOV alrt(D/jivdv eari TO epyov pr) e^eiv eTTtSetfatJ, et, 220
6' rjv dvaytcalov pr)@7Jvai, ov A^fJioaOevov^ YJV o Xo /f yo9,
aXX* dvSpo? crrpaTTjyov /JuejaXa fjikv rrjv TroXiv fca-
reipjao-jjuevov, \eyew 8e aSvvarov real TTJV TWV clvn-
Sl/ccov Sia TOVTO ef^Xtw/coro? fyvcriv, on o-uvo&ev eavra)
ev ovbev wv SiaTreTTpaKTai, Swape'voi (ppacrai, TOV Be
pov opa Swdfuevov feat TCL fjbj] ireTrpayfjLe.va v(f>
TrapKTTavat, rot? aKovovaw &><? Siw/crjKev. "OTCIV 8'
^ ovofJbciTWV avytceijmevos avQpatiros, /cat TOVTWV
l irepiepyav, erreuTa em Trjv dirKoT^Ta /cat TO, epja
vyrj, T/9 av avacr^oiTO ; Ov TTJV <y\wTTav wcr-
Trep TCOV avXcov edv rt? dtyeXyj TO \ot>7rbv ovSev e&TW.
8* eja)j6 vfjiwv, w av8pe$ *A6rjvaioi t /cal 230
7T/30? T/ av a7ro/3Xe7ro^T69 d7ro^lrrj<j)lcrai(70 T^V
ypa(f)r]v. JJoTep a>? TO -^r/^tcr/Lta. ecTTiv evvofiov ;
A\\ ovSefjiia TrooTrore jvcofjurj TrapavofjiWTepa yeye-
vr)Tai. J -4XX' t9 o TO ^JI^KT^LCL ypatyas OVK eiriTT]-
8eio9 ecrTt Sucrjv Sovvai ; OVK ap eio-i, Trap vfjulv ev-
Qvvai fttov, el TOVTOV d(f)i^crT6. 'Eicelvo 8' ov
pov, el TrpoTepov fJbev eveirL^irKaTO rj opffla-Tpa
aT<f)dvu)V ot<? o 877/^09 eciTefyavovTO VTTO TCOV *E\\rivcov,
8ta TO %eviKol<$ (TT<j)dvois TavTTjv a7To8e8ocr^at TTJV TUJLG-
pav, etc 8e TWV AijfAOcrOevovs 7ro\iT6Vjj,aT(ov v^els pev
Koi aKripv/CTOi juyveaOe, OUTO9 8e /cypv-
; Kal eu fiev Tt9 T>V Tpayt/cwv iroiriTU>v TGOV 231
a TavTa eTreia-aydvTcov iroiriaeiev Iv TpaypSia TOV
8
86 AI2XINOY
Separirrjv VTTO TWV r E\\rjvcov crT<j)avov/jievov, ovSel? av
v/jicov VTTO/jieiveiev, ori (f)ijcrlv "Onripos avavSpov avrbv
elvai Kal (rvKO<f)avTijv avTol S* orav TOV TOLOVTOV av-
OpCOTTOV (TT6(j)aVC0TG, OVK Oi 6(7 V Tttt? TO)V 'EX^Tp/COV
8o^at9 crvplrTecrOai, ; Oi fjikv yap Trarepe? vfjuwv ra
ev$o$;a Kai \a/jL7Tpa ra>v TTpay/jLaTcov averiOeaav TW
), TO, Se Tairewa Kal KaTaSee'(7Tpa et9 rov$ pjro-
W? (>av\ov$ Tp7rov KrrjcTi(f)a)v B fyu-a? oiercu,
Sew a^eXoWa? rr)V aBo^lav amo AyfJiOG-Oevovs Trepi-
232 Oelvai roS STI/ACO. Kal <j>are fiev e^rv^et? elvai, to? Kal
VTTO fj,ev r^9 TU^T;? 87
&e
, VTTO ^^oavov^ e ev
Kal TO TTavrwv avoir (AT arov, ev rot? avTol?
TOW? pev ra? TGOV Swpcov ypacfras
VTe, ov 8' avrol [LicrOov 7ro\iT6vofA,6vov crvviare,
0T<j)ava)a-T ; Kal TOU? fJLev Kpiras roy? e/c Aiovv-
eav fjirj 8t/ca/
8e
avro e ov KUKwv ^opwv Kpira
Kores, aXXa VOJJLWV tcai 7roXtTt7}9 aperr)?, ra9
ov Kara Toi;9 vofiov? ovS* oX/yot9 /^at rot9 af/o^9, aXXa
233 T&) SiaTTpa^afjievq) BwaeTe ; ETTGLT e%et,criv eic TOV
6 TOLOVTOS KpiTrjs eavTov /J,ev aaOevr)
ws, la^ypbv Se TOV pr\TOpa. 'Avr^p yap I^LCO-
ev 7io\C SijiuLOKpaTovfjLevr) VO/JLO) Kal tyrifya) /Baai-
\evei QTav B ' erepw TavTa TrapaSw, KaTa\e\VK TTJV
avTOv SwacrTelav. "EireiO* o fiev opKos, ov ofjLw-
fei, avfJwrapaKo\ov6wv avrov \v7rel (8t' avTov
KATAKTH2I$fiNT02. 87
yap, olpai, yeyove TO a^apT^^a), rj Be %/ot? Trpo? ov
yeye'vrjTat, rj yap
8* e/jioiye, w avSpes * AOyvaioi) a/jL^orepa 234
Kal KaTopOovv Kal irapaKivSwevew ei$ rrjv nroKiTeiav ov
c-tocjjpovovvTes. "On fJiev yap etrl roov vvv tcaipcov
ol TroXkol TO?? oX/yot? irpo'kecrOe TCI
l<r%vpd, ovtc CTrcuvo) or t, 8' ov yeye'vijrcn, fyopa
fads prjropcov Trovqpwv afia /col roXfJLrjpwv, ev
Ilporepov jbL-ev yap TOiavras ^>ucret9 rjveytce TO
at paStcos OVTCI) KO,Te\va-av TOV SrjfAov escape yap KO-
\atcevo fjievos. ETTCLT avTOV ov% oi>s e^o/3etro, aXX
ot? eavTcv eve^eipi^e, Ka-ri\vaav evioi Be Kal avTol 235
T&V TpidicovTa eyevovTO, ol 7rX6/of9 77 p^tX/ou? Kal rrev-
TCLKOGLQVS TtoV 7TO\iTCOV aKplTOV? aTTKT6(,VaV TTplV Ta<?
atr/a? d/covo~ai <j) at9 e/teXXoz/ d
eicov TOU9
Ov TaTreivu>cravTe<$ awo-
roi/9 vvv eTrypfjievovs ; Ov ^efivrjo-O OTI
7Tft)7TOT6 eTredeTO TrpoTepov Bryjiov KaToXvaeUy Trpiv
av fJLel^ov TCOV BiKacrTrjplcov lo-^vcrr) ;
'Ho'eoos 8' av eywye, w avSpe? 'AOrjvaioi, evavTiov 236
v/Jitov dva\oyio-al/jLr]v 77/009 TOV ypd^avra TO
Sia rroias evepyeaias d^iol AijiJiocrOtvriv
El fjiev yap Xe /( yet9 ($6ev TTJV ap%r)V TOV
on ra9 Tacfrpovs ra9 Trepl TO,
88 AI2XINOY
ercuppevcre, Oavjjia^a) o~ov. Tov jap ravr
TO yeyevrjcrOai, TOVTCDV CLITLOV yu-e/fw
ov jap 7T6pi%apa/ea)o-avTa %prj ra ret^rj ovSe ra?
brjfjLO(rtas Tafyas avekovra TOV opQws
Scopeas aiTelv, a\\ ayaOov TWOS at,Tiov
237 TroXet. El Be ^fet? e-TTt TO SevTepov yLtejoo? TOV
crfjiaTos, ev a> TTo\fJ,r)/ca<; jpd^euv w? eo-Tiv dvrjp
/col BcaTe\t \ejcov KCLL TrpaTTCov TO, apio~Ta TO>
TGOV : ' AQrjvaLcov, d<pe\a)v TJ)V a\a^oveiav teal TOV
TOV tyrjtfrio'iJLaTos cutyai TWV epywv, eTnBei^ov TJ/JUV o TL
Xeyet?. Ta? /xez/ yap Trepl rou? ' A^iaaia^ teal TOVS
Evfloeas ScopoSoKias 7rapa\ei7ra) oTav Se r^9 77/309
Gr)j3atovs Gvy^iayla^ ra? air/a? avaTiOrjs AriiJLOcrOevei,
rot"? fiev ayvoovvTa? e^aTraTas, TOVS &' etSoVa? teal
aio-0avo/JLevovs v/3pt,%ei,s. AfaXcov yap TOV tcai,pov teal
Tr)v Bo^av TTJV TOVTGOV, 8i' rjv eyeVero rj (TVfjbfjLa%la, \av-
Oavew oiei ^/ta? TO T^? TroXew? af/ajyLta ^ij^oadevei,
238 TrepiTiQeis. 'H\i/eov B eorTL TO a\aovevfjLa TOVTO,
eya) Treipdo-ofJiai, /LteyaXw crrj^ela) StSctat. 'O yap TCOV
Uepcroov /3a<rtXeu? ov 7roX\a> irpoTepov xpovq) Trpo T^?
A\e%avSpov St,a/3acrea)$ et9 Trjv Acriav teaTeTrefji^re TW
S/J/X&) teal fjidXa v/3picrTt,ier)v real ffdpfiapov 67Ti,o-TO\r)V,
ev y TO, TC &rj a\\a teal /iaX' aTraiSeyTft)? Bie\e^6rj, teal
eveypa^jrev ev Trj 7rtc7ToX^, eya>, fyricriv, i
ov ov 8a>cra) yLt^ /z,e atTtT6* ou
\rityea6e. OVTOS pevTOi, 6 avTos ey/eaTa\r)-
VTTO TWV vvvl irapovTwv auTw tewSvvoov, OVK al-
KATA KTH2I*QNTOS.
TOVVTUIV ' AOqvalcov, avTos e/ewv KaTeTre/Atye TpiaKocna
raXavra TO> Br^w, a crctxfrpovwv 6 Brjaos OVK eBe^
r O Be /cofjii'&v r)V TO %pvcrlov Kcupos /col <j>o/3o<;
'Xpeia (rvjJ,/jia%a)V. To Be avro TOVTO Kal ryv Sir
avppayicuv egeipyd&TO. Sv Be TO pev rwv Srj/3aio)v
OVO/JLO, Kal TO T^9 BvcrTV'%e<TTaT'r)s avfjifjia^a^ e^o^Xet?
del \e'ya)V, ra S' e/SSo/zrJtfoz/Ta rakavra VTTOG iayrras a
TrpoXapcov rov /3acri,\i,Kov %pvcnov direGTepricras. Ov 240
&' evbeiav pev ^prj^drcov eve/ca Trevre Ta\dvra>v ol fe-
voi Tot? Grj/3atoi,$ TTJV d/cpav ov irapeSoaav ; Aia Be
evvea, rd\avra dpjuplov Trdvrcov ApfcdBcov e^e\7]\v-
6oT(av /cat TGOV rj<yep,ovwv eroifjicov OVTGW /3or)0e2v r] Trpa-
f t9 ov yeye'vijTCU ; Sv Be 7r\ovTel<? KOI Tat? rjBovais
Tat9 (ravTOV %op77yet9. Kai, TO fcecfraXaiov, TO fiev fBa-
crikitcbv xpvcrlov Trapa TOVTW, ol Be tctvBvvoi, Trap v[uv.
Aiov B eaTi Kai TTJV aTraiBevcriav avrwv Oecoprjo-ai,. 241
EL jap ToXfurjcrei, KTrja-icfraiv p,ev Ar)^ocrQ&vr\v Trapa/ca-
\w \eovTa et9 f/Lta9, OUT09 B avaj3a<? eavTov eyKco-
jjiiacrei, j3apvTepov TWV epycov cov TrenrovOaTe TO aKpoafia
yiyveTai. OTTOV yap TOVS JJLGV OVTCO? av$pa<$ ayaOovs,
0^9 TroXXa Kal Kaka crvvicr/jLev epya, eav TOV$ Katf eav-
TCOV eiraivovs \ej(O(nv t ov (j)epojj,ev orai> Be avOpwiros
ala^vvr) Trjs 7ro\6(W9 yeyova)? eavTOV eyfCQ)fjLi,dr}, T/9 av
TCL TOiavTd rcapTeprjo-eiev dfcovcw ;
'^ITTO fjiev ovv TTJS dvaio"xyvTOV TrpajfjtaTeias, eav 242
o-a)(j)povfj<;, dirocrTria-r), Trol^aai Be, w KTI^O-L^WV, Bia
TTJV a7ro\oytav. Ov yap 877 TTOV TOVTO ye o~Kr\-
8*
90 A I 2 X I N O Y
tyy, 6)9 ov Svvaros el \eyeiv. Kal yap av aroTrov GQI
(TV/jL/Baivoi, ei Trpwrjv /JLCV 7To6 vTrejj,et,va$ Trpeo-/3evTr)s
o>9 K\eo7rdrpav TT ( V QikiTrirov Bvyarepa ^eipOTovelaOai
rf; TOV MO\OTTQ!)V /3acrtXe&>9
wvl Se ov </>7jcre^9 BvvaaBai Xe-
yew. "ETreiTa yvvaiKa fj,ev a\\orpiav TrevOovaav Bv-
vacrcu nrapa/JLvde^crOai, ypd-^ra^ be fucrOov tyrifaa/jLa ov/c
243 a7ro\oyr]<T7) ; 'T TOIOVTOS eaTiv ov yeypatyas arecpa-
vovcrOai, 0^09 jj,r) yiyvaMTKecrOcu VTTO TGOV ev TreTrovOorcov,
av yu-7] r/9 aoi avveiirr) ; ' ETrepwrijaov Brj rovs SIKCL-
<7Ta9 i eyi<yv(t)cncov Xafipiav KCLI I^iKparrjv KCU TL/JLO-
060V, KOl 7rV@OV ITdf) CLVTWV &ICL Ti Ttt9 S(0pa<i aUTOt9
eSoa-av Kal ra9 elxovas ea-rTjaav. ' Airavre^ yap a/za
ffo i aTro/cptvovvTat OTI Xa/3pta /juev Bia rrjv Trepl Ndov
vav^a^iav, 'Ifafcpdrei, Be OTL popav AafceSai/JLovtwv aTre-
Kreive, TijjioOew &e Sia TOV TrepiTr'kovv TOV e^9 Kep/cvpav,
Kal aXXot9, GOV eKaa'T(o TroXXa Kal Ka\a KCLTO, TroXepov
<2tA epya rreTrpaKTai,. A^fJiOcrOeveL S' dvTepov Sia TL Sco-
aeT ; "OTL SodpoSoKos, OTI $ei\os, OTU TT)I> T
Kal TroTepov TOVTOV TifjirjaeTe, rj vfjias avTovs
Kal TOU9 vrrep VJJLWV ev Trj /jid^rj Te\evTrjcravTas Ol>9
vo/j,lcra@' opav a^eT\i,d^ovTa^ el 0^x09 (TTe(j)avci)Or,o-eTai,.
Kai> yap av eirj Seivov, a> avbpes AOrfvaloi, eu Ta fjiev
KOI TOUS \i6ov<$ Kal TOV (rtSrjpov, Ta cxfroova Kal
edv T&> efjuTrecrovTa aTTOKTeivr),
Kal eav T9 avTov Bca^prjo-'rjTat, T?]
245 Trpd^acrav %&>pt9 TOV <7WyLtaro9 OaTTTOfJiev,
KATA KTH2I$GNTO2. 91
Be, a) * AOiqvaioi, TOV ypd^ravTa fjiev TT?Z> TravvaTaTriv
egoBov, TrpoBdvTO, Be TOU? crTpaTicoTas, TOVTOV ty/.et9
TtfJL7](7T6. OvKOVV vftpl^OVTCil, /JieV 01 T6\eVTr)<TOVTeS,
aQvfjLorepoL Be ol {oWes yiyvovTai opcovTe? rrj? dperrjs
aO\ov TOV Oavarov Kei/mevov, Tt]V Be fJLvij/jLrjv
Troveav. To Be jAeyiarov, eav .7repwTa>o~iV vpas ol
repot, TTjOO? Trolov %pr] TrapaSeiy/jLa avrov? TOV ftiov
, TL KpiveiTe ; Ev yap tcrre, eo avSpes ' A6r]- 246
it OTI ov% al TraXalaTpai ovBe TCL $&aa-Ka\eia o^S*
89 TJ fjiovo-iicr) [jiovov TTCuSevei rou9 veoirepovs, a\\a TTO\V
fjbaXXov TCL SrjfAoaia K^pvy^aTa. KrjpVTTercu ri? ey
TO) 0edrpa) on aTecfravovTai, dperrjs eve/ca /cat dvSpaya-
6ia<$ teal evvoias avOpwrros do-^f^wv cov TO> /3i(p KOI
/38e\vpo$ 6 Be ye vewTepos Tavr iScov St(j)0dprj. Ai-
KVJV Ti? SeScofce irovrjpo? Kol Tropvoflocr/cos wo-Trep KTTJ-
(ri(f>a)v ol Be' ye aXkoi, ireTratBevvTcu. Tdvavrta TI$
TJrrj<j)i,o-djj,evas TWV /cd\a)v KOL Si/catwv e7rave\0a)v o'ttcaBe
trcuBevei, TOV vlov 6 Be ye el/corco? ov TreiOeTai, d\\a TO
vovOeTelv evo%\elv evTavOa rjBir] St/ca/o)? ovopaCf-Tai.
/29 ovv IJUT] IJLQVOV KpivovTCS, d\\a Kol Oecopov/jievoi, 217
OVTCI) Trjv tyrjfov <f>epT, et9 a7ro\oyi,(riJLov rot9 vvv fjiev
ov TrapovGi TWV iroKiTwv, eTrepTjcro/jievois Be vfias TI
eBixa^eTe. Ev yap Tcrre, w avBpes ^ AOrjvaloi, OTL TOL-
avT?) Bo^et, rj 7roXi9 elvai, 07roto9 Tt9 av rj o /crjpVTTo-
ftej/09 ' eo-Tt, Be oveiBos /JLTJ ro?9 irpoyovois vfjuas, d\\a
TTJ Ar^fjLo a devour dvavBpla 7Tpo(7etKao"6rjvai. JToJ9 ovv
av T9 Ti]v ToiavTrjv alo-^vvijv e/C(f)vyoi ; 'Edv TOV? 248
92 A I 2 X I N O Y
ra icoiva KOI $L\dv@pw7ra rwv
bvras T0t9
ap* evvota /cat TO rrjs BrjfjLOKparias ovo^a icelrai /jue
ev /ze'cnw, cfrOdvovcri, &' evr' avra /carafavyovTes T&> \o<yw
^i9 a>9 eiri TTO\V ol rot? epyow irXelarov aTre^oi/re?. ' ' Oiav
ovv \d/3rjre prjropa %eviicwv arrec^dvcov KOI KtrjpvyfJLdrwv
ev rot? f E\\r](Ti,v eTriOvfJiovvra, eTravayeiv avrov K-
\sver /col TOP \6yov, wcnrep ra? fteficuwcreis TCOV
/jLaTcov 6 royu-o? K\evei, TroielcrOai, et? /3iov a^io
/col TpoTrov aco(f)pova. Oray Be ravra firj /jLaprvpelrai,
fjt/r) fSefBaiovTe avrq) TOU? eTrawovs, /cal T^? Srj/AOKpa-
250 r/a? eTrtyLteX^T/re 77877 SLCufievyovar}? VJJLCLS. *H ov Sei-
vov VJMV So/eel elvai OTI TO fjuev ^ov\evrr\piov teal 6
irapoparcu, al S e7rt<7roXat KOLI ai
et9 tSta)rtAca9 oucias, ov Trapa rcov
y aXXa. Trapa ra>v TTpWTevovT&v ev TTJ 'Acrta
\ n 7-, > / TT ^ S J> f ) \ 9 /
u TTJ JlivpaiTrr) ; Aat 69 0^9 earw etc rcov VOJJLWV
ia Odvaros, ravrd Tives ov/c e^apvovvrai, Trpdrreiv,
aXX' 6/JLO\oyovcnv ev T&> S^/iw, KO\ ra9 7rt,crTO\ds aX-
X?]Xofc9 TrapavayiyvcocrKovcnv, Kai TraparceXevovrai vp.lv
ol fjikv p^eireiv els ra eavrwv Trpoo-coTra 9 $v\aices
ias, erepoi 8' alrovcrt Swpeas 9 aoorrjpes
251 e O 3e 877^09 e/e T779
TrapayeyrjpaKO)^ 77 Trapavoias ea\a)K(0$ avro
/JLOVOV rovvojjba TTJS Br]fjLOKpaTla<; Trepnroieirai,, TWV B
epycov 6re/30t9 Trapafce^wprjKev. "ETreir aTrep^eorOe eic
KATA KTH2I$GNT02. 93
TO>V K/c\r)a-ia)v ov flovXevcrd/jLevoi, aXX* cocrirep e/c
epdvwv, TO, TrepiovTd veifJLafJLevoi. *' QTI 8 ov \rjpco f
TOV \oyov Oecopriaare. 'Eyevero T9 (ar^Qo^ai
a$ aivylas rrjs 7ro\co<;J ev-
, 05 K7r\elv JJLOVOV et9 ^CLJJLOV eTTi-
015 irpoSorr]^ rrjs TrarplBos av6r]fjiepov VTTO rrjs
eg 'Apeiov Trdyov j3ov\rj^ Oavdru) e&pui&rf* "Erepos
K7r\evcra<; et? 'PoSo^, ort rbv (>o/3ov avdv-
al tyfjcfroi, eyevovTO el e fiia /JLOVOV /zereTrecrei/, virep-
* av ?) tiTre'Qavev. 'AvriQay/jiev 8^ TO vvvi yi,- 253
'Avrip prjTCop, 6 Trdvrwv rcov tca/ccov CLLTLQS,
e\i7re juev rrjv ano arparoTre^ov Tagiv, aTreSpa 8' e/c rrjs
7ToX6W9 * o5ro9 GTefyavovaOai, dfyol KCU KrjpvTTecrOai,
oierai Seiv. OVK aTroTrefjuyfrere TOV ai>6 pwrrov 0)9 KQL-
Vf\v TWV f EXkriva)V o-v/Ji(f)opav ; ' H cruXXay3oz^Te9 9
\rjG-Triv TWV Trpay/AaTayv, eir ovofjiarayv Sta rrjs TroXi,-
7r\eovra, rifjicoprjcreaOe ; Kai, TOV Kaipov JJLVT]-
ev <j> TTJV ^TJ^OV fa'pere. ^HfJLepwv JJL\V o\ljcov 254
, ra IlvOia (ylyvecrOai, Kai TO crvveSpiov TO TWV
$ia/3e/3\r)Tai 8' rj
TCOV rHAoaevovs TriTev^rcov Trepi, TOV9 vvv
So^ere 8 , eav pev TOVTOV ar6(f)av cocr^Te, o
90 elvai, T0t9 Trapaflatvovai, TTJV KQIVV\V eiprivrjv, eav 8e
rovvavriov TOVTOV irpd^Te, a7roXvcreTe TOI' Srjpov
aiTicov.
Mr) ovv a>9 vTrep d\\oTpia<$, aX\' <9 vjrep oi/ceias 255
94 A I 2 X I N* O Y
7-779 7roXeo>9 Pov\evea6e, Kai ra? <j>t\OTijj,la$ pr] ve'/Aere,
aXXa Kplve-re, KOI ra9 So) peas el? /3e\T/a> an para /cal
ai,o\oya)Tepovs aTroOeaOe, Kai fir] IJLOVOV TO??
y aXXa Kai rot? o/jLaaat Sia/3\etyavTes et?
avrovs
vei t irorepov ol o-vy/cvvrjyeTai, r; ot
l av-TOVy or rjv Iv rj\t,tcia. '-4XXa yua TOI/ Aia TOV
O\vfJL7T(,ov ov% 1/9 aypiovs tcvvrjyeTwv ovSe
256 eTTt TOU9
, brav (fr
e/c
TTOV, diroarricrai Be Atcapvavas, 6K7T\rj^ai Se Orjflalov?
oterat yap v/jias et9 TOCTOVTOV
77877 TrpoftefirjKevcu, wcrre /ca^ ravra a
0)(77Tp IleiOa) rpe<j)OVTa<;, aXX ou (TVKOffxiVTrjv
irov lv rrj TroXet.
257 "Orav 8' eV^ Te\VTrjs rjSij TOV \oyov o-vvrjyopov?
TOU9 KOWCOVOVS TCOV BajpoSoKTjijLaTcov avT(# 7rapcuca\f},
V7ro\aijbj3aver opav em TOV /37}/zaT09, ov vvv e&Trjtccos
eya) \eya> t avTi7rapaTeTay^evov<i Trpos Trjv TOVTCOV
dcreXyeiav rou9 T779 7roXe&)9 evepye'Tas, So\cova /JLCV
TOV aXX/CTTOt9 VOfJLOi^ KOO-/JL7](7aVTa TrjV
avSpa <f)i\ocro<f)ov Kai vofJuoOeTrfv dyaOov,
TrpoarjKev avTa>, Seopevov V/JLWV fjurj&evl TpoTrqy rou9 -^77-
fjuoaOevovs \dyovs irepl 7r\e/oi/o9 r noir\ffaaQai TWV opKwv
253 KOI TCOV vdfAcov, ' ApiaTetSqv Be TOV TOU9 (f>opov$ Ta
KATA KTH2I$QNTO2. 95
TOi<?"E\\'r](7iv, ov Te\evTr]cravTo<;
Kev o SrJyLto?, o"%T\id%ovTa 7rl rat TTJS SiKaiocrvvrjs TTpo-
), Kal eTrepcoTwvTa el OVK alo"%vvecr6e el ol
Trare'pes V/ACOV ApOjJiiov TOV Ze\et,T7]v
TO e/c
i? TT)V TToXlV, TTpO^eVOV OVTCL TOV S^fJiOV TGOV
Trap ov&ev p^ev rj\.6ov aTro/crelvai, eeKripv%av 8' e/c 7^9
7roXe&)9 Kal ef diraa^ 775 AOyvaloi ap^ovcriv, v /^et? 259
Se 4rj{jLO(70evr}V) ov /cofnto-avra TO e/c Mr)$a)v
d\\a ^copoSo/crjcravra Kal en KCLI vvv fceKTrj/jievov,
aq) <Tre<f)dv(0 fjbe\\ere crTe^avovv. SefjUGTOtckea Se /cat
ev MapaQeovi Te\evrricravTa$ /col rovs ev TI\a-
KOI avTOvs TOU? Tciffrovs TOU? TWV Trpoyovwv ov/c
oieaOe <TTevdj*eiv t et, 6 fiera TCOV /3ap/3apa)V o/Ao\oy)v
TOi9 "EXkrjcrw avrnrpdrreiv (TTe^avcoO^creTai, ;
'Eyco jjikv ovv, GJ jrj /col rj\,ie /cat dperr) KOL crvveans 260
/cal Tra&eta, rj Siayiyvtoo-KOfJiev ra /ca\a Kal ra alo"%pd,
^e^or\Or]Ka KOI e'lprjKa. Kal el fiev Ka\ax; Kal af/9
TOV aftiKiyjiaTOS KaTrjyoprjKa, CLTTOV o>9 e/SovXo/jLr/v, et
\oycov KCLI etc TWV 7rapa\ei7rofjiev(i)v avToi
KCLI, Ta av^epovTa vrrep Tr}<$ 7ro\eco<;
aao-Oe.
NOTES.
NOTES.
THE Oration was made in a prosecution of Ctesiphon for
proposing to bestow an honorary crown upon Demosthenes,
on the ground of the illegality of the measure (irapavopwv
ypa$ri). It was delivered B. C. 330, nearly eight years
after the indictment was moved. The following may be
taken as a general outline of the course of thought :
1. That he trusted the factious array against him would
be controlled by the law, since, as factious proceedings in
the Assembly had opened the way for illegal measures, and
led to the substitution of arbitrary trials, instead of the reg-
ular trials before the courts, there remained only one rem-
edy for these disorders, trials for proposing illegal de-
crees, which if they did not sustain, all was lost. ^ 1-8.
2. Necessity of the law forbidding to crown a magis-
trate before the accounts of his office have been accepted.
9, 10.
3. That some violated this law under a plausible pretext,
but Ctesiphon without any at all. 11, 12.
4. That neither the manner of the appointment of a
magistrate, nor the fact of his having expended his own
money in his office cleared him from responsibility, as all
magistrates whatever were responsible at Athens. 13 -
23.
100 NOTES.
5. That Demosthenes held two important offices at the
time Ctesiphon proposed to crown him, and that these
offices were such as the laws describe as responsible.
24-31.
6. That with regard to the proclamation of the crown,
the law provides, and with very good reason, that crowns
shall be conferred only in the Senate-chamber or the Pnyx,
whereas Ctesiphon had proposed to confer it in the theatre.
32-34.
7. That the pretence of his adversary, that there is an-
other law authorizing proclamations in the theatre, is ab-
surd, since it was provided that the laws should be revised
qyery year, and all obsolete and conflicting laws annulled.
35 - 48.
8. That with regard to the merits of Demosthenes, he
should show the statements of Ctesiphon to be false.
49, 50.
9. That he might dwell upon his private misdeeds, but
should pass them by. 51 - 53.
10. That of his public misdeeds he should speak more
at large, with respect to four principal periods of his public
life. 54-57.
11. That in the first period he acted in concert with
Philocrates in making the peace with Philip against the
interests of his country, exhibited a servile spirit of flattery
towards Philip and his ambassadors, prevented the peace
being made in conjunction with a common congress of the
Greeks, and, especially, sacrificed Kersobleptes, their ally,
to Philip. 58-78.
12. That in the second period, after Philip had passed
Thermopylae and made a descent upon Phocis, Demosthe-
nes, to avoid the responsibility of these unfavorable results
of the peace, suddenly changed his course, and charged the
blame upon his fellow-ambassadors, while he instigated the
people to an uncompromising war against Philip, to carry
I NOTES. 101
on which he formed a most disadvantageous and disgraceful
alliance with the EubcBans (at a later period, also, with the
Thebans), in which transaction he was guilty of the grossest
corruption. 79 - 105.
13. That during the third period he brought disgrace
upon himself and ruin upon his country ; first, by his impi-
ous course in upholding the Amphisseans in their violation
of the sacred country of Cirrha, and secondly, by the alliance
which he formed with Thebes, which was highly objection-
able on three grounds : first, its terms were much more
favorable to Thebes than to Athens ; second, it diminished
the dignity of Athens and increased the power of Thebes ;
and, third, it prevented the Thebans from making peace
with Philip ; all which rendered it most unfitting that he
should be crowned as it was proposed. ^ 106 158.
14. That after the battle of Chseroneia he slunk away
from Athens, on a tour to collect taxes from the allies, and
after his return offered no decree in his own name till the
death of Philip, when he suddenly assumed new courage,
procured the passage of decrees honoring Philip's murderer,
and of public rejoicing, while he ridiculed his successor,
Alexander, when at a distance, but shrunk from him when
near, and finally sold himself to him. ^ 159- 167.
15. Nor was Demosthenes, as was supposed, a true
democrat, when tried by the proper tests of that character.
168-176.
16. That the frequent conferring of public honors, such
as Demosthenes was contending for, had a very injurious
effect upon the country, and was directly opposed to the
practice of the city in its earlier and better days, when, also,
the judges were much more strict than at that time in trials,
and confined the speakers much more to the subject, as he
trusted they would Ctesiphon and Demosthenes on the pres-
ent occasion, who would employ every art to mislead them.
fc& 177-212.
102 NOTES.
17. That Ctesiphon and Demosthenes each professed
great anxiety for the other, but pretended to have no con-
cern for themselves. 213, 214.
18. That with regard to the charge which he understood
Demosthenes would bring against him, of having stood
aloof from public affairs, and allowed him to carry through
so many pernicious measures without ever bringing him to
trial for any of them at the time, and now, so long after
the events, bringing against him a sweeping accusation for
all his public life, he would say that this might be accounted
for by his simple and quiet habits of life, and by the liti-
gious and quarrelsome character of Demosthenes, which
rendered it dangerous for any one to oppose him in any
thing. ^215-229.
19. That it was impossible for them to set aside the in-
dictment, either on the ground of the legality of the decree
of Ctesiphon, or the character of Demosthenes, if they had
any regard to their duty as judges, or the safety of the de-
mocracy. 230-235.
fi 20. That neither the repairing of the walls, nor the public
measures of Demosthenes, (which were the grounds of the
application for a crown,) constituted any reason for crown-
ing him. ^ 236 - 240.
21. That least of all should the court be outraged by
Demosthenes speaking his own praise, who had no claims
whatever to the honor demanded, and if he received it,
would furnish a most pernicious example to all who were
acquainted with the fact, which should lead them to be se-
vere in their judgment, that the democracy might not be
destroyed by such men. ^ 241 - 254.
22. That, in deciding the cause, they should not only
guard against the influence of personal friendship for De-
mosthenes, but also against the effect of his impudent confi-
dence, placing before themselves for their guidance the
worthies of their past history. 255 - 259.
NOTES. 103
23. That if he had not spoken in the cause as he wished,
he had spoken as he could, and it remained for them to de-
cide it justly, not only from what he had said, but also from
what he had left unsaid. 260.
& 1. irapao-Kevrjv .... irapdra^iv] u preparation .... ar-
ray," i. e. of the friends and supporters of Demosthenes.
As the number of judges or jurymen (dcjcacmu) in the Athe-
nian courts was large, and as these judges were drawn from
the common people, there was necessarily considerable op-
portunity for the influence of faction even in the courts of
justice. We know from 56, as well as from the reply of
Demosthenes ( 196), that the court was thronged by hear-
ers on the present occasion, most of whom, it is natural to
suppose, attached themselves to the interest of the one or
the other of the great orators ; just as in great trials, in our
own country, the friends of the two parties respectively at-
tend in multitudes, to encourage and sustain their favorite.
It is probable, indeed, from the peculiar constitution of other
Athenian courts, (the number of judges being so large, and
not of a professional character,) that factious arts were car-
ried much farther than in our courts, and that, as at the
meetings of the Assembly, applause, groans, hisses, and other
like means, were employed in turn, to influence the de-
cision. The orators often allude to the bustling activity and
overawing influence of factions in the courts of justice ;
as, Lysias, Pro Bonis Aristoph., 2, and Dem., De Falsa
Legatione, 1. The terms here are military and figu-
rative, on which account they seern to be unsuited to the
commencement of an oration. But the occasion was an ex-
citing one, and besides, the words had probably acquired, in
this sense, something of the force of common terms, as is
the case with the corresponding terms in our language. At
any rate, they are often used by the orators at the beginning
of their speeches. See Lysias, as above. SejjoW] " so-
104 NOTES.
licitations." This refers to the same factious proceedings.
The Scholiast supposes it to refer to attempts to gain over the
judges by demagogical arts, which is confirmed by a com-
parison of Dem. F. L., 1. Bremi cites, in illustration of
the meaning, the passage from Livy, Lib. III. cap. 14 :
" Benigne salutare, alloqui plebis homines, domum invitare,
adesse in foro .... permulcendo tractandoque mansueface-
re plebem." The agora was the great rallying-point of the
people, and hence was the place to find or make partisans.
Besides, most of the courts were held in the agora (Herm.,
Polit. Antiq., S} 134, 135), and were many of them open to
the air (Diet. Antiq., Art. AtKatrri^ioi/), so that what was
going on around could be seen from them ; hence the use
of Spare. TO. /xtr/nct KOI TO. <rvvr)0r)] " what is proper and
according to usage." The second ra is omitted in some
MSS., but it seems to be required by the distinct nature of
the two classes of objects referred to (lit. " the proper and
the customary," not "the proper and customary"). K.
264. 2. rols vopois Koi tyzli/] The laws were of no avail,
of course, unless they were faithfully administered by the
judges, and hence they are presented together as a ground
of confidence.
2. 'EfiovXowv pen ovv] " I was wishing then," " I could
have wished then." av is omitted here, as it often is with
the historical tenses, especially of verbs denoting necessity,
duty, inclination, etc. K. 260, R. 3. /*/ is responded to
by Se in the beginning of 3. rty jSouA^i/, TOVS nevraKoa-iovs]
In apposition with each other. The Council or Senate of Five
Hundred (so called to distinguish it from the Council of the
Areopagus) was a deliberative body consisting of fifty mem-
bers from each of the ten tribes of Athens, appointed annu-
ally by lot. The Senate had the initiative in all decrees (and,
generally, in all deliberative matters) to be acted upon by
the Assembly, since that body could pass no decree which
had not been first prepared and approved by the Senate. It
NOTES. 105
had also various financial duties. See Bojesen's Grecian
Antiq., p. 93. ras KK\rja-ias] "the popular assemblies."
Open to all the citizens of Athens, and indeed of all Attica,
in person. The government of Athens was a pure democ-
racy. TQ>V ffaarrjKOTav] " the presiding officers." Who
these were may be learned from 3, note. From what is
there said, it appears that a departure from the wholesome
rules of order prescribed by Solon had led to great irregu-
larities in the management of the assemblies, since it had
given scope for the influence of factious and demagogical
arts. e0] In the subj. after a historical tense, because
the writer still desired this result. K. 330, R. 1. b. The
original practice, as established by Solon, was to call first
upon all above fifty years to speak on any question proposed
in the Assembly, and then any who were younger, in order
(see 4). This, of course, tended to give a right direction
to all questions, by securing the maturest views first, and to
prevent irregular and unjust proceedings, by preventing dis-
order. If the speakers were to follow each other according
to their age, there was no chance for partisans to call out a
favorite at the fortunate juncture, and give undue weight
and influence to his views by applause. /3ouAo'//ei>oj>] By a
change of construction here, the ace., instead of the dat., is
used with the infin. after ee<m. K. 307, R. 3. x<P^ Kc "
ev /*e/)6t] " separately and in turn." av\ Belongs to StoiKet-
o-Qai. doKfl is personal, instead of being impersonal (" both
the city seems to me that it would," etc.). K. 307, R. 6.
3. yvapas] " opinions," " propositions." raC0'] Re-
ferring to yvapas, but put in the neuter to agree with ^77-
(/uVjuara, which means the same thing, but by anticipation
is spoken of as already voted or decreed. See 230.
em^rjfyifrvo-iv] " put to the vote." This duty belonged to the
proedri, as they were called. As there were ten tribes at
Athens, the year was divided into ten parts, and the fifty
Senators of each tribe exercised the presidency in delibera-
106 NOTES.
tive matters in turn. The presiding tribe for the time being
was called <pv\rj jrpvravevova-a^ the period of their office irpv-
raj/eia, and the members irpvTavets.One of their number
was appointed daily by lot as president (eVtoTar^s), who pre-
sided not only in the Senate, but in the assemblies of the
people also. In the time of ^Eschines the president was
assisted in the Assembly by nine vice-presidents, chosen
daily by himself from the other nine tribes, called proedri,
and also by a tribe selected for this purpose, called <j>v\ri
TTpocdpevovo-a (see ^ 4, Jin.). Now as these presiding offi-
cers were appoined by lot, there was opportunity for decep-
tion, as in all lotteries, on the part of those who had the
management of the lots, for the purpose of placing their
friends or the friends of certain factions in power. This
seems to be what is alluded to in the text. The protest of
any one of the proedri was sufficient to prevent the vote
from being put ; but he was liable to the severest penalty for
preventing it illegally. Ka6f 6p*voi\ That is, " sitting as
proedri by arrangement," i. e. not by a oona fide election
by lot, but by shuffling. The presiding officers probably
occupied the front seats. dvayopevrj] " declare." The
votes were counted by the crier, and declared by the Epi-
states. eiVcryyeXXe/] " to bring to summary justice," " to
try by the process called eto-ayytXia," i. e. for the abuse (as
they pretended) of his power as president. See cto-oyyeXt'a,
Diet. Antiq. rovs iSia>ra?] "the common people." Op-
posed to pfjropfs (public men).
4. Kal ras Kpicrcis .... Kpivovviv] " and while they have
put an end to the actions by the laws, try with passion those
brought on by votes," i. e. special actions, such as the
eiVayyeXia, where a crime was asserted, such as either in
itself or in its circumstances was unprovided for by any
particular law. Such causes were brought before the pop-
ular assembly for investigation. And, as there was a better
opportunity for crushing a rival in this way than in the
NOTES. 107
regular process before the courts, there seems to have been
a strong tendency to increase causes of this kind, opyrj cor-
responds almost precisely to our word passion, which more
commonly means anger, but also any other feeling. In
Soph. Antig., 356, it means an aptitude for civil affairs.
TO Sena? fl-oAeeo?] That is, the representatives of one
of the ten tribes. See 3, note.
5. OTTOI'OW rivas] " as somewhat," " as about." He does
not wish to go into detail, and hence refers the case to their
own conceptions. The Scholiast says, TO eVa^es tyvyfv, iva
/ai7 AvTn/ar/. For this use of rt?, see K. 303. 4. TTJS vroXi-
mW] "of the constitution." More properly, of free gov-
ernments. at T&V . . . y/5a$ai] " the indictments for
illegal measures," i. e. such as were contrary to any of
the laws of Solon ; of which kind, he contended, the de-
cree of Ctesiphon to crown Demosthenes was, which called
forth the present oration and the immortal reply of Demos-
thenes. See Dem. de Coron., 9, 17, notes. KOI TavTas]
" these also," i. e. these as well as the other ordinary trials
required by law (4).
6. TOIS Tpoirois] " the habits," " wills," " caprices."
Opposed to rots v6p.ois below. wap/S^tr/as] " liberty of
speech," "right to participate in public affairs." 6 w>-
fio0Trjs] That is, Solon, who was called the lawgiver, by
way of eminence, by the Athenians.
7. fiijdeva .... cgaipelo-Qai] Depends upon qyeTo-tfat, taken
(by zeugma) in the sense of (/>vXarreo-&u. K. 346. 3.
This artful appeal to the professional pride of the judges,
whom he represents as in danger of being deprived of the
legitimate business of their office by the gradual encroach-
ments of the Assembly upon their duties (see 4), is well
calculated to secure their favor. ras . . . . a-vv^yopias]
" Ssepe accusant oratores TOVS a-TpaTrjyovs, quod tantum
absit, ut reipublicaB hostes foris devincant, ut, otiosi domi
manentes, seditiosorum consilia adjuvent otiumque et liber-
108 NOTES.
tatem reipublicsB perturbent." Bremi. T>V &va>v\ That
is, persons of weight and influence produced as witnesses
(ai/a/3i/3ao>/oi) from foreign countries in defence of some
general or other public man, to whom they had become be-
holden for favors rendered while engaged in the service of
his country abroad. It was thus that Jason of Pherae came
to the aid of Timotheus when on trial at Athens. See Ne-
pos, Life of Timotheus, Jin. 7rapdvop.ov .... 7ro\iTev6fj.voi]
" pursuing an illegal policy," " following an illegal course
of civil life." For the meaning and usage of TroXircvea-dai
see Dem. de Coron., 4, note. XX* .... TroXe/xw] A
hit at Demosthenes for deserting his post in the battle of
Chseroneia. See 159, note. <vXaK] " Munus quasi
indicatur, quod ipsis sit demandatum WOT' eti/at <vXa*es."
Bremi. The preservation of the democracy, as he had be-
fore shown (6), depended upon maintaining the suprema-
cy of the laws.
8. K-njo-it/xwi/ra] Ctesiphon had proposed to bestow an
honorary crown of gold upon Demosthenes for his eminent
public services, which ./Eschines opposes, as illegal, based
upon falsehood, and injurious to the state.
9. TTJS o\rjs Karyyoptas] " the whole accusation," " the
general bearings of the accusation." He has thus far (i. e.
in his introduction) spoken of the cause in its general char-
acter and bearings. Taylor makes this refer to the general
discussion of the illegality of the question, which follows
the preliminary statement of the necessity of the law for-
bidding to crown a magistrate, i. e. after 12. But it
seems to me that both the composition and the tense of irpo-
(iprjo-Qcu oppose this. Kflvrai] " lie," i. e. in the public ar-
chives ; consequently, " exist." T>V vnfvQvvwv] " those
accountable " ; i. e. magistrates and public functionaries
having any considerable interests, especially of a pecuniary
nature, intrusted to them, who had not passed the accounts
of their office before the Logistse and Euthyni, and obtained
NOTES. 109
their approval of them. See Bojesen, p. 96.
yeypcHpas] " happens to have written." It was a mere cir-
cumstance, or by chance, that these particular laws were
infringed in the case ; the general aspects of the cause
would be the same in case of the violation of any other
laws ; but he was to speak of the violation of the laws in
this particular case. For this use of the part, with rvyxdvco,
see K. 310. 4. 1. apxovTes] " magistrates," " public of-
ficers." 8a)po8oKovvrcs .... TOVTO>V] " receiving bribes in
each of these." eKaora is neuter, because the nouns to which
it refers designate inanimate objects, and are of different
genders. K. 242. 1. Trpo^a^dvovTcs'] "in auxilium
vocantes oratores. Duplex genus prjropav hie memo-
ratur; 01 e< roC povXevrrjpiov et ol fK TOV d^ov. Illi videntur
esse, qui ipsi senatores, quum res a senatu deliberatas
proponerent, loquebantur ; hi, qui surgerent pro ordine ex
populo." Bremi. irpoK.aTf\a^avov\ "forestalled," "pre-
occupied." The imperf. implies that they were in the habit
of doing it. T&V a/>x^"] " of their magistracies," " offices."
10. eV auro<a>/)o>] " upon the very act," " by the very act."
eiKOToos] " justly," " with reason." Because, as he goes on
to say, they felt ashamed to condemn one as a peculator who
had just been crowned by the people for his virtue and jus-
tice. ras evdvvas <u<f>\r]Ka>s] " having failed in the scrutiny
of his accounts," i. .e. " having been found guilty of mal-
versation in his office." v-n-ep] " out of regard to," i. e. "to
prevent." fmep implies a stronger interest than Trepi (see
Trepi, above), and when the object in which the interest is
felt is not desirable, it may be rendered as here. See
Dem. Olynth., I. 5.
11. prj crre^ai/ow] For the negative, see 35, note.
Xo'yoi] " words," i. e. of the orators, " special pleadings."
TIS . . . . epeT] He is preparing the way for what he was
about to do himself, namely, to name and expound the laws
on this subject. 01 /*/] Opposed to Kr^o-i^coz/ &, below
10
110 NOTES.
( 12). et &?] "if indeed." dAX' .... mV^m/^] "any-
how, they interpose something at least between themselves
and shame," i.' e. cover up the open illegality of their prop-
osition to crown a favorite, by the addition of the clause,
when he has given account and proofs, i. e. of his office
(see ^ 15, note). For the meaning of dXX* ovv (" any-
how"), see Jelf's K. 774, R. 1. Observe, too, the force
of the word 7jy>o/3dXXoi/r<u (" they put forward for their own
protection, or as a screen for themselves ").
12. aio-xvvfrai .... ^fj.dprr]Kf] " yet blush at their offen-
ces." Se stands opposed to per in the preceding sentence.
In such cases, these particles are to be rendered variously,
but always so as to shape their clauses with reference to
each other. See Dem. Pop. Orat., II. 2, note. rr)v -rrpo-
<acrij/] " the pretext," " the semblance of a reason." Re-
ferring to the addition (named above) made to their decrees
for conferring crowns, by some of the more modest.
HTagv .... apxovra] " while in the full exercise of his
office." The idea of time (while), expressed by the par-
ticiple alone, is expressed more exactly by the addition of
the adverb (K. 312, R. 6). The decree was proposed by
Ctesiphon in the autumn of B. C. 338, and the accusation
of ^Eschines was lodged with the archon in the following
spring, but was not called up for trial till eight years after,
when the complete triumph of the Macedonian party at
Athens led him to hope for success.
13. A^ovo-t] That is, Ctesiphon and Demosthenes, in
their replies. These anticipations of what an opponent
would say are more common in ancient than in modern
oratory. They abound particularly in this oration ; so much
so, that it is generally supposed that many of them, with
some other things, were added after the reply of Demosthe-
nes was made. But as this was an old dispute, and turned
mostly upon points which they had often discussed before
with each other, and many of which, it is probable, were at
NOTES. Ill
issue between the two great parties, the conservative and
the revolutionary, many of them, we may suppose, were
real anticipations. But there can be no doubt that much
was added by ^Eschines after the reply of Demosthenes was
made. See 180, 225. Demosthenes makes no attempt
to avail himself of the distinction here referred to, in his
reply, but maintains the propriety of his being crowned,
upon the ground that he had furnished from his own private
fortune a large part of the money expended in his office as
repairer of the walls of the city, and that others had been
crowned in such cases while undischarged of their office
(see 111-119 of his reply). It is probable that the
law upon this point, though such as here stated by ^Eschi-
nes, was often dispensed with on particular pretexts, and
was rapidly going into disuse at the time of this trial. The
nation had become so corrupt, that the laws were but cob-
webs. ms apa] " that forsooth." It generally indicates
disbelief or contempt. See Dem. Pop. Orat., VIII. 4,
note. eTrt/ze Aeta TLS KOI SiaKovla] These terms indicate
certain temporary and subordinate kinds of public service,
for which those who exercised them were not required to
render an account. Some seem to have contended (of
whom ./Eschines would have it that Demosthenes was one)
that all persons appointed to any duty by a special vote
belonged to this class. of tfeoyxotfeVat] " the Thesmothetse,"
i. e. the six inferior archons, all except the Eponymus,
the King, and the Polemarch. They superintended the
lots for the election 'of nearly all the regular magistrates
(apxovres) at the temple of Theseus. See Bojesen, p.
95. dpxaipeo-iais] " assemblies for electing magistrates,"
probably held at stated times. See Schomann, Assemb.
Ath., p. ^95. pera TOVTWV] "connected with these."
14. \v(Ttv r]yovp.voi\ " thinking to put an end to."
This appears to have been a regular magis-
112 NOTES.
tracy, filled annually by the choice of one from each of the
ten tribes. The appointment was made by the tribes at the
command of the people (see 27, 31). Their business
was to see that the walls and fortifications around Athens
were kept in repair. Demosthenes seems to have been one
of the ten commissioners for this purpose in the year of the
battle of Chaeroneia, B. C. 338 (see 27, note), and to have
been employed in making some repairs on the walls im-
mediately after that event. See the word in Smith's Diet.
Antiq. fjyp.ovias diKaa-rrjpiajv^ That is, " the right of in-
stituting the preliminary judicial investigations in all causes
coming within their respective departments." This right
belonged to all magistrates, properly so called, in which
capacity they were called flo-ayayels (see elo-ayayeis in
Smith's Diet. Antiq.).
15. KeAevei] That is, the decree, of which he had quoted
the introductory part. Ov . . . . BiKacmjpim'] " not to serve,
but to exercise a magistracy, having been approved in the
court." Their office, then, was not a StaKoj/ia, but an apxn
(see 13). But before they could enter upon their office,
they must pass the customary examination, or
before the court. See Herm., 148. al
" the magistrates chosen by lot." See 13, note. KOI
.... Xoyto-ras] " and enter an account and proofs for the
secretary and the accountants." Bremi supposes that,
properly, didovai is understood with ev&W, which is often
expressed. See 20. Adyos (or Xoyto-/xos) was the ac-
count itself, and cvtivvai the accompanying statements, de-
signed to elucidate or prove it. It was somehow with refer-
ence to these two parts of the account, it is probable, that
the two classes of examiners (Logista3 and Euthyni) re-
ceived their appellations. The secretary referred to was,
probably, what was called the scribe of the city, or of the
Senate and people. See Boeckh's Pub. Econ. Ath., pp.
189 - 193 ; Schomann, p. 303. NOMOl] The documents
NOTES. 113
are merely referred to by their titles in this oration, and not
introduced. See the Appendix to my edition of Dem. de
Corona.
16. a7ronvr)iJ.oi>Viv KOI avriTCLTreiv] " to call up and oppose."
VTToftaXXciv] " to reply," "show." ra> roC vofjiov diKatai]
" to the justice of the law." Opposed to rfj roO \eyovros
dvaurxwria. The case is well put here, and the sentiment
just.
17. Up6s Se . . . . ArjfjLoa-6evr]s] " but with regard now to
the invincible argument which Demosthenes speaks of."
He had probably spoken of it in private circles, unless this
be one of those passages added after the reply of Demos-
thenes. He does make use of this argument in his reply,
and very plausibly at least, if not convincingly. It was
expressly for his benefactions to the state that Ctesiphon
purposed to crown him. See the decree of Ctesiphon,
Dem. de Coron., 119- pvas cKarbii] A misrepresenta-
tion, or mistake (arising, perhaps, from confounding it with
the sum he gave as manager of the Theoricon, Dem. de
Coron., 119). He gave in this case three talents, or one
hundred and eighty mina, besides other benefactions. See
the above-named decree in Dem. " Hoc est oratorum
Atticorum flagitium, ut adversarii quae fecerunt laudabilia
consulto deminuant et corrumpant." Bremi. TO peycQos]
" in size." Accusative of nearer definition. See 77 ;
also K. 279. 7. T&V KOI .... Trpoo-eX^Xv^orcoi/] " of those
having come forward to the management of public affairs,
even in any way whatever."
18. 7Ti rS>v irapa&ofav] "upon extreme cases," "even
in cases where it would not be expected." olov\ " for in-
stance." This implies roioVSe, which, however, is more
commonly understood, like other demonstratives in Greek.
See Plato, Gorg., 464. A. Kara o-S/to] "individually."
See 27. ra yepa] That is, the sacrifices, contributions,
etc., presented at the temples. TO. yevrj"] "the families."
10*
114 NOTES.
That is, certain families in which the priesthood was he-
reditary.
19. TOVS rpirjpdpxovs] " the trierarchs," i. e. citizens who
were required to fit out galleys for the public service. They
fitted them out at their own expense. See Dem. de Coron.,
99, note. n-oXAa p.ev .... TO vpercpa] " filching much
while they lay out but little, and saying that they give of
their own means (eVi&So'i/ai), whereas they only give what
is yours." A hit at Demosthenes. Observe p.ev followed
by 6e repeated three times, distributing the clauses into
pairs, contrasted among themselves and with each other.
See 31, note. Their gift, he says, was not such, but a
lona Jlde one. ovvefyiatv] " of the Councils!" Such as
that of the Areopagus, and the Senate of Five Hundred,
named below. VTTO .... ^(/>oj/J u comes under the vote
of the tribunals," i. e. was held responsible to the people.
20. KCU rriv . . . . ^fjfov] " and that august council there,
arbiter of the weightiest matters, brings under your vote."
The reading varies here, but this is that adopted by Bekker,
and seems the most satisfactory, on the whole. OVK apa
.... rpv(j)S><n] " Shall not, then, the Council of Areopagus be
crowned? (i. e. since their office was for life.) No, for it is
not a hereditary right to them. Are they not ambitious,
then ? Most assuredly ; but they are not satisfied if one of
their number merely does no wrong, whereas, if he does
wrong, they punish him (i. e. their strict notions of merit
keep them from such aspirations), while your orators put
on airs, or run riot in their demands for public honors."
This is the best interpretation which I can give of this ob-
scure passage.
21. prj a.Tro$T)p.f)o-a> ;] "may I not leave the country?"
Questions asked by ^ require a negative answer. See K.
344. 5. d. "iva -ye .... xPWfl] u No, lest, perchance,
having embezzled the public money, or executed slightingly
the business of your office, you may take to flight." TT/JO-
or THE
UNIVERSITY
115
/, by zeugma, is taken in different senses with xPW aTa
and Trpdgfis. KdOiepovv] " to devote to sacred purposes."
Because it was not certain that all his property would not be
required to settle his account with the state. eWc^i-ov]
" adopted." Because no one could be adopted who had not
the right of citizenship, and if one failed in giving a satis-
factory account of his office, he lost this right. See Herm.,
Polit. Antiq., 124.
23. Tiff ftovXfTdt KdTrjyopflv ;~\ At the passing of one's ac-
counts before the Logistae, a general invitation was given to
all to bring forward any charges which they might have
against the magistrate relative to the exercise of his office.
deKa Tokavra] There were ten commissioners for this pur-
pose, one from each tribe. Whether Demosthenes had this
sum assigned to him alone, or only his proportion, is a little
uncertain. ^Eschines himself, in another place ( 31, /*i-
Kpov delv 8e*:a raXa^ra), abates somewhat from the sum
here named. See Boeckh, p. 204. va-rcpos] " after," " in
conformity with." Opposed to e/z7rpoo-0ez>.
24. ouroi] Ctesiphon and Demosthenes, both of whom
would reply, Ctesiphon first, as being the one directly
arraigned, and then Demosthenes, as deeply implicated.
/zex/n .... pot] " let it thus far have been spoken by
me," i. e. " I have thus far spoken, and this must suffice."
It expresses the state resulting from a perfected action, as
well as the action itself. K. 255, R. 6. OVTOS] Ctesiphon.
eVi r<3 QecopiKcp] " over the theoric fund." A large fund,
devoted to defraying the expenses of theatrical and other
entertainments for the people. See Smith's Diet. Antiq.,
Art. Theorica. 77877] " now at length." And thus, gen-
erally, 77877 is now, in some way out of season, i. e. too
early or too late, like the Latin jam. eVi] " under," or,
more strictly, " upon." It denotes time, or a course of
events, as dependent upon some person (lit. " during the
course of events dependent upon what archon"). i
116 NOTES.
" should be convicted." This verb serves as the passive of
alpelv (see alpcl, following).
25. avTiypafavs] " checking-clerk," " comptroller," i. e.
of the accounts of the collectors of the revenues. This was
the avriypafavs rrjs (3ov\rjs. See Boeckh's Pub. Econ., p.
188. EffjSovXop] An orator at Athens, who had great
power with the people. The theoric fund was one of his
hobbies for gaining popular favor. qpx ov ] "exercised."
*Hy7y/Aoi/os] An illiterate demagogue at Athens, attached
to the interest of Philip. anode KTO^V] "collectors and dis-
bursers of the public money," " paymasters." There were
ten of these. See Boeckh, p. 159. vfapi&v] "dock-
yards." An abstract connected with a concrete noun.
Thus not unfrequently in .^Eschines. See in Timarch., 5,
rS)v rvpdvvtov KOI ra>v 6\iyapxi)v (^oXiyap^LKwv is the conjecture
of Taylor, and adopted by Bekker). This concentration of
offices in the managers of the theoric fund was to give
them sufficient power to prevent the diversion of the fund to
other purposes. Such an unnatural amalgamation of offices
could not have continued long. See Diet. Antiq., Art.
Theorica.
26. avT<av] Eubulus and Hegemon. anda-as] As de-
scribed above.
27. c7rt/3oXaff eVc/SaXXe] " inflicted penalties." This was
evidence of his holding a magistracy. See Lys. Orat. in
Nicom., 3. 'ETTI, K. r. X.] There is some difficulty in
reconciling the designations of time here given with others
pertaining to the same events. The facts in the case seem
to be these. Chserondas was well known to have been
Eponymus in the year of the battle of Cha3roneia, B. C.
338-337). That battle was fought in the second month of
the year of Chaerondas (Metageitnion, August, 338). The
decree of Ctesiphon to crown Demosthenes was proposed in
October of the same year (Dem. de Coron., 119), and
JQscbioes lodged his accusation of Ctesiphon with the Ar-
NOTES. 117
chon in the following March (Dem. de Coron., 54), the
ninth month of the year of Chserondas. If now Demos-
thenes was not appointed reixoiroios until the following
Skirophorion (the following June, the last month of the
year of Chserondas), as seems to be stated here, he did
not hold the office at the time it was proposed to crown
him, and hence was not responsible. Nor is it consistent
with the language here employed (without some inter-
mediate explanation, as below) to suppose, with Clinton
(Fasti Hellenici, Vol. II. p. 446), that the reference is
merely to the fact of his being in office at that time, and not
that he was then appointed (see *al eVera^ev .... eAeVtfat
.... Tafias). The appointment, then, must have been made
at the close of the preceding year; and, as it is hardly
probable that the true Eponymus of this year would have
been given as the pseudeponymus of the preceding, I would
suggest, whether (since he was appointed at the very end
of the previous year, and for this year) the phrase 'ETT!
Xaipowdov was not unconsciously used, by way of anticipa-
tion, with reference to the time of his holding the office,
and not to the time of his appointment. Demosthenes, it is
true (De Coron., 248), speaks of his having procured
the appropriation of the money for the repair of the walls
after the battle of Chseroneia, but not of his appointment
to the office of TCIXOTTOIOS at that time. The office was
probably an annual one (see 14, note). devrepa <pdi-
VOVTOS] " the last day but one," of this month, " the twenty-
ninth day." For the mode of reckoning the days of the
month at Athens, see Dem. de Coron., 29, note. ayopav\
Often used thus for an assembly of the tribes or demes.
cKda-TTjs] Partitive genitive (" to elect of each of the tribes").
rapids] " treasurers." All such offices, which involved
the handling of the public money, were furnished with
treasurers. See Boeckh, p. 171. o-w/xara] See 18.
28. dvTidia7r\Kft] " he gives the artful or disingenuous re-
118 NOTES.
ply." eXa^e reixoiroios] Understand fivat (lit. "did not
have the lot to be repairer of the walls," " was not chosen
by lot"). Thus often. Demosthenes in his reply makes
no use of this argument, that he was not chosen to the office
by the people, but by his tribe. See 13, note.
29. TQ>v irp\ .... rpia] " there are three kinds of
magistrates." The article, followed by ircpi and an abstract
noun, is often equivalent to the corresponding concrete
noun, as in the very common phrases, oi -rrfpi rrjv <f>i\oo-o<J>iav t
ypafjL/jLariKrjV, prjropiKrjv, etc., = oi <iAd(ro((H, etc. The first
class of magistrates named (oi K\r)pcoTol Kal oi xeiporoi/^ro!)
were either chosen by lot or by hand vote, upon the nomina-
tion of the archon, at assemblies appointed for the purpose ;
and the other two classes, either by special vote of the
people, or by the tribes or demes at the command of the
people ; these were called alprjTol. See Schom., Assemb.
Ath., p. 294.
30. KaraAeiVercu] " it remains." rpiTTws] " thirds,"
i. e. of the tribes. There were twelve rpin-vey, founded,
probably, upon the four original tribes at Athens. This
division was for financial purposes. See Herm., Polit.
Antiq., < 99. 5.
31. /*& ____ Se ____ ' ____ M ____ & ---- &] All the
clauses stand opposed to that with /zev, which contains the
fundamental truth upon which all the others hang and be-
come significant. But at the same time that they are all
opposed to the first, the separate parts stand opposed to each
other, and should be so rendered as to bring out this con-
trast (" whereas .... and also .... while .... and at the
same time .... when finally "). See Jelf's K. $ 770. 2.
The points thus far established are very concisely and ably
summed up here. This closes the first count in the in-
dictment, The illegality of proposing to crown a magis-
trate before he is discharged of the accounts of his office.
33. o-epvvveo-Oat .... efadev] " to magnify himself, or
NOTES. 119
put on airs, before strangers," i. e. by having tbe proclama-
tion of his being crowned made in the theatre at the great
Dionysiac festival (as was proposed in the decree of Ctesi-
phori), which was attended by people from all parts of
Greece. See Smith's Diet. Antiq., Art. Dionysia. e'pyo-
Xa/3elz/] " to work for pay," " to seek personal advantage
and glory."
34. v r<5 &7/Lu .... KK\rja-ia] " among the people in
Pnyx, the assembly." rrj eKKXrjo-ia seems to be in appo-
sition with the two preceding nouns, or else it must mean
here the place of the assembly, and be in apposition with
nvKz/i. The Pnyx was a semicircular excavation in the side
of a hill, a little to the west of the Acropolis, inclosed by a
low wall, and entirely open above. This was the place for
the meetings of the Assembly of Athens in her best days.
See Wordsworth's Athens, pp. 65, seq. TpayuS&v ....
KCUVVV] That is, at the Great Dionysia, in March, when
new tragedies were represented. The expression, there-
fore, designates the time.
35. iraparaxQeis .... vopois] " having been in concert
with Demosthenes, will assail the laws by cunning devices."
iva . . . . cgcnraTr]6VTs~] " that you may not unconsciously
be deceived." See K. $ 310. 4. 1. /} Krjpvrreiv] After
words of a negative and prohibitive signification, the Greek
employs another negative (prj) with the following infinitive,
when we do not. Generally, too, where the negative verb
is accompanied, as here, by OVK, or some other negative
word, fir) ov, instead of ^ alone, is found with the infinitive.
K. 318. 8 and 10. TOV AIOWO-ICIKOV z/o/zoi/] This is the law
by which Demosthenes justifies the proposition to proclaim
his crown in the theatre, a fragment of which is given in his
reply ( 120). It is evident from all the reasoning of
^Eschines upon it, that there was such a law, and that it
was not obselete. But there appear to have been different
interpretations put upon one part of it. After forbidding
120 NOTES.
any who were crowned by the tribes or the denies being
proclaimed in the theatre, it seems to have added, as Dissen
(Dem. de Coron., 120) supposes (see also 44, 47):
\ur\Q* VTT aX\ov prjftcvos (eV TW QeaTpa* dvayopevecrQai (TT(f)avov-
fj.vov"), f) arifjiov elvat TOV KrjpvKa, 77X17 v edv TWOS 6 drjpos
fi TJ ftovXr} ^lsr)<f)i(rT}Tai TOVTOVS 8' dvayopeveTo*. The excep-
tion here made, ^Eschines (see 47, 48) applies to crowns
bestowed upon Athenian citizens by other states ; such, he
says, might indeed be proclaimed in the theatre, if the
Senate or people voted so. It is obvious, however, that the
clause is capable of a different interpretation, as applicable
to special cases, where there was an express vote to pro-
claim a crown in the theatre. Besides, there can be no
doubt that this was the common understanding of the pas-
sage, and that crowns were often bestowed to be proclaimed
in accordance with it (see Dem. de Coron., <> 83,213).
And, in general, it is plain that both upon this and the
previous point, while the common law, and perhaps com-
mon usage, were on the side of JEschines, special laws and
usage were on the side of Ctesiphon. If there was no law
and no usage in his favor, why was the proposition made in
this form, when substantially the same ends might have been
gained in a legal way ? For certainly the mere place
of the proclamation of the crown was of no account, and
even according to ^Eschines (31), if he had only added
to the proposition to crown him, " when he has rendered up
his accounts," the decree would have been legal on that
point. In short, one familiar with the history of Athens at
this period, and with all the circumstances connected with
the present trial, cannot help feeling, to say the least, that
the decree of Ctesiphon was not so inconsistent with the
laws and usages of the times, as to have provoked a prose-
cution from any one but an imbittered enemy. And it is
in this light that Demosthenes treats it in his reply (see
12-16, 121,e*flZ.).
NOTES. 121
37. trvvq-yopovs] " as supporters or advocates." oirep
diaT\> o-TTovSdfav] " which I continually aim at or strive
after," i. e. to sustain all his points by laws. v^w fls rrjv
TroXiremv] " Lenis est metathesis pro els rrjv TrdXireiav vp,S>v"
Bremi.
38. OVTC r)fj,\r)rai] "nor has it been overlooked." r<3
vofioderri] See 6, note. rots 6eo-[jLo0Tais] The Thesmo-
thetas (see 13, note) were required to review the laws every
year, that they might detect any inconsistencies or super-
fluities in them, and report upon the same to the people,
who referred the necessary alterations to a committee called
Nomothetse. See Diet. Antiq. dioptiovv] " to rectify," i. e.
see that there were no conflicting or abrogated laws in the
public records. See above. araye'ypctTrrai] " Id est, Karat,
eo-nv : verbum proprium de legislatione." Bremi.
39. o-aviviv] That is, the tablets upon which the laws
that needed revision were inscribed and exposed
before the statues of the Eponymi ('ETravvpuv).
ras vojuotfe'ras] "having inscribed upon the call (i. e. as-
signed) Nomothetse." This is the interpretation of F. A.
Wolf, which seems to me much better than that of Scho-
mann (Assemb. Ath., p. 249), which makes these words
merely indicate the general subject to be attended to at the
meeting ("having added," i. e. as the subject of the meet-
ing, " Nomothetce" ) . The Nomotheta? seem to have been
appointed by the Prytanes (see Dem. contr. Timoc., 27).
They were taken from such of the people as acted as jury-
men for the year, and were, at one time, a thousand in
number. Business was done before them as* in a regular
assembly of the people, of whom they constituted a part. I
would suggest, therefore, that ro> &i/x&>, in the following
clause, refers to them only, and that they, with the pre-
siding officers and the advocates on each side, constituted-
the assembly which was to be called. If this be so, it is not 1
necessary to suppose, with Schomann (Assemb. Ath., p..
122 NOTES.
248), that the reference here is to a second revision of the
laws, at the direction of the Thesmothetse, different from the
ordinary annual revision, which in itself is very improbable,
and is based upon this passage alone. See Schomann, pp.
246-249.
40. irapa] " from," " coming from," i. e. " uttered by."
TJTOI . . . . Tj ] " Hoc ordine semper leguntur has particu-
lae, non vice versa f) . . . . froi. Prius membrum est vel
admirantis vel mirantis, interdum tota disjunctio admiran-
tis." Bremi. Mvara yeix-V&u] " unable to be," " which
cannot be."
41. tv ao-rei] This, standing between the article and its
noun, has an attributive relation to the noun (" the city
plays"). These were distinguished from the country plays,
both as to time and magnificence. This view of the case
relieves the passage from all appearance of being a solecism
on account of the use of ytyvo/j.fva>v. ov neia-airres TOV fi^/zoi/J
That is, without the vote of the people.
42. Trpogevias .... fvprjpevoi] " having obtained the rights
of a TTpogcvos, or friendships." ovra> n'^oi] " per-
chance." 6 T&V 'PofiiW] That is, 6 drjp.os T>V 'PoSicoi/.
43. rovs peif .... TOVS fie] For the usage of piv and
dc, see 12, note.
44. ^i/o>xAeIro] For the augment before the preposition,
see K. 126. 1. Trepl r5>v eviK.S>v <TT(f)dv(ov^ In connec-
tion with the interpretation here given of the provisions of
the law, see 35, note.
45. fjirf KrjpvTreo-Bai] See 35, note. epaw'faw] "beg-
ging." dTrovo-rjs povXrjs, K. r. \.] " the council being left
out," or " aside from the council," etc. The part, ex-
presses a condition. K. 312. 4, d.
46. av . . . . dvappr)0fi] " may have been proclaimed."
lepov elvai rrjs 'Adrjvas] " to be a votive offering to Athe-
ne." Just as the tripods of the victors in certain games
were devoted to Apollo, and of the Choregi at the Dionysia
NOTES. 123
to Dionysus. I do not see, therefore, how this proves that
foreign crowns are alluded to, unless it proves the same in
the other case. roo-avr^t/ .... 'A^i/auoi/] "to charge upon
the people of Athens so great illiberality." Verbs of ac-
cusing, when compounded with /mra, take the person in the
genitive. K. 292, R. 1. Mfj yap on . . . . dXX* o8']
" Mr) ellipticum est: Mq yap v7roXa/ii/3aj/erf, on av yeVoiro TroXiy,
aXX* ovS' av ISioiTrjs .... ye'i/oiro, ne opinemini civita-
tem fore,sed ne fuerit quidem privatus tarn illi-
beral is." Bremi. rr\v ^xty] Accusative of nearer
definition. So below, 47. K. 279. 7.
47. OVK .... ovdeiy] Observe the double negative,
one a direct negative, and the other a negative pronoun.
Thus generally in Greek. K. 318. 6.
48. To yap .... Xe'ye] " for say all the day what that
oXXotfi de /xT/Sa/zoG means," i. e. spend the whole day in en-
deavouring to explain it away. This closes the second
count in the indictment, The illegality of the proposition
to proclaim the crown in the theatre.
49. <j>* /iaXio-ra 0-7rovSao>] " upon which I am specially
earnest." He now enters upon the discussion of the merits
of Demosthenes, which had been put forward as the ground
of the proposed honor. Upon this point he lays the great-
est stress, and bestows his principal strength.
50. /zero raCra] " after these things," i. e. from this point.
Kpivai Vfj,a6r)s] "intelligible to judge." rbv jueV .... e'/ie]
" me, the accuser." Kara A^/xoo-^Vovy] " Kara proprie
motum ex superiore loco in inferiorem locum significat;
hinc tropice vel de vituperiis vel de laudibus dicitur, quse
quasi dejiciuntur in aliquem,et facile intelligitur significa-
tionem malam esse frequentiorem. Interdum tamen etiam
in ejusmodi locutionibus reperitur, in quibus aut omnino sig-
nificat quod attinet ad, aut in favorem, honorem.
Vide 241." Brerni. TTJV ypa(j>r}i> dXwaerai] "will be con-
victed on the indictment." dXi'o-/<eo-&u usually takes the gen-
124 NOTES.
itive of the crime or charge, like other verbs of convicting.
For this construction, see 232, note. anavres .... eV
rois Srjpoo-iois ^(pia-fuuri] He denies that the merits of
Demosthenes were such as described in the decree of Cte-
siphon, and hence that his decree was illegal. This, there-
fore, is the third point to be made out, The illegality of
the decree of Ctesiphon, on account of its false statement
of the merits of Demosthenes. rovvavriov rovrov] " the op-
posite of this." Governed by dencreov l<rrlv.
51. raOra] " these things," i. e. what follows. r^v roC
rpavparos ypacfrrjv] " the prosecution for wounding." Such
causes were tried before the Areopagus, and, in order to be
sustained, required that purpose or forethought (rrpovola)
should be proved. Of the particular case here referred to
nothing is known, as far as I am aware, beyond what is here
said. TTJV Krjcfrto-odoTov <rTpaTr)yiav] An Athenian general
sent with a squadron to the Hellespont, who was supposed
to have sacrificed the Athenian interests to Charidemus, in
the terms upon which he received Alopeconnesus, and was
deprived of his command in consequence. See the account
of the affair in Dem. contr. Aristoc., pp. 675, seq. De-
mosthenes appears to have been in the squadron, and to
have been honored by the presence of the general in the
vessel (flag-ship) which he had equipped as trierarch. But
I see nothing in this circumstance which should have pre-
vented him from becoming his accuser, if he thought him
guilty of the crime charged upon him. There does, how-
ever, seem to have been a sort of severity in the character
of Demosthenes, as is evident from what ^Eschines says of
him in this and other places, such as is often conjoined with
a strong will and vigorous intellect, and uncompromising
moral principles.
52. 071-' eiVayyeAiay] " by the process called etVayyeXm."
See 3, note. KOL ravra TjfSq, K. T. A.] This affair with Meidias
seems to have been much more disgraceful on the part of his
NOTES. 125
adversary than on the part of Demosthenes. Meidias was a
wealthy and influential citizen, who, with a sort of purse-
proud insolence, undertook to domineer over Demosthenes,
and annoy him in every possible way, till he finally struck
him with his fist (KovSvAovs) while acting as xop^yo'y in the
theatre. Demosthenes prosecuted him for impiety (as the
offence was committed at the festival of Dionysus), and ob-
tained a sort of preliminary decision of the people (*arax-
poroviav) in his favor ; but, on account of the great wealth
and influence of Meidias, as is supposed, settled the case for
a sum of money before it was brought before the regular
tribunal. It is probable, therefore, that the oration of De-
mosthenes against Meidias, which is extant, was never de-
livered. For the nature and object of the KaraxeipoTovia,
spoken of in the text, see Schom., Assemb. Ath., p. 230.
53. TOV dyava Kara;a/3io/>iei/oy] " Kara^api^Vo-^ai est pro-
dere aliquid contra jus fasque in gratiam alicujus." Bremi.
dTravrrjo-rj] " may fall to," " may be awarded to." Being
intransitive, it is constructed like a passive verb. K. 249.
3. oro>] " against whomsoever." Dat. of disadvantage.
54. Uepl Se] Se stands opposed to /zei/ at the beginning
of 51, where he commences speaking of the private mis-
deeds of Demosthenes, as he here proposes to speak of his
public misdeeds. 6 \6yos] " the speech," i. e. " the cus-
tomary opportunity of replying." as Spa] See 137,
note. Demosthenes makes no such division of his public
life, but considers the history of the first two periods as
wholly irrelevant to the cause, and hence, after having
briefly replied to some of the charges of ^Eschines pertain-
ing to them, commences at the third period. See De Coron.,
6, note. cv w . . . . eVoAe/Aovjwei/] That is, eleven years,
from B. C. 335 to 346, from the taking of Amphipolis by
Philip to the peace of Philocrates, here spoken of.
55. rfyofiev] " w were enjoying." The peace continued,
nominally, seven years, till B. C. 339, when Demosthenes,
11*
126 NOTES.
after Philip had virtually been at war with them for years,
finally induced the Athenians formally to renew hostilities
with him. rrjs drvxias] "the mishap." A euphemism.
The reference is to the unfortunate battle of Chseroneia, in
which the Athenians and Thebans received a signal defeat
from Philip, that secured his supremacy in Greece. This
occurred in the year following the renewal of hostilities.
The fourth period referred to is that of the humiliation of
Athens under Philip and Alexander, which ensued. e'y-
AcaXvTrrco/xat Kal aVoSiSpao-Kto] " cover my face (i. e. from
shame) and slink away." In other places fyKaXinrrfa-Bai
means, " to cover the face from grief" i. e. to grieve.
56. lo-xvpifrrat] " *i<rxypif<r6ai de pertinace dicitur, qui
superbe et importune, non argumentorum pondere, sed sua
unius auctoritate nixus, aliquid ita esse asseverat, ut ipse
pronuntiet, et mendacia dicere eos, qui aliud quid affir-
ment." Bremi. o-ot] Governed by dnoKpivonai, below.
Kaip5>v\ This denotes that relative to which he accused him.
Thus also 55 (K. 273. 4, f.). Generally, KaT-qyoptlv
governs the gen. of person and ace. of thing. K. 292. R.
57. K dyt>] That is, " and if I." The influence of fo
extends to this clause also. a o-ot o-woiSa] "which I know
in common with you." roi/s <iA(w#/3a>7ra>s .... x/OTjo-a/ie-
vovs] " Intelligit sobriam et humanam rerum civilium ra-
tionem, alienam a superbia et arrogantia." Bremi. raei]
" order," " arrangement." Kal &? . . . . fipfjvrjv] "and now
I take myself back to the peace." &) is employed here in
resuming the discourse at the point from which he had de-
parted. Thus often.
58. rr)v Trporepav fKfivrjv clpr]vr]v\ That is, the peace of
Philoc rates, made with Philip at the close of the Amphi-
politari war (B. C. 346), as distinguished from the peace of
Demades, made after the battle of Choeroneia (B. C. 338).
KOIVOV o-vveSpiov 'EXX^wi/] That is, a^ congress, not only
of the regular allies of Athens, but of as many of the Greek
NOTES. 127
states as they could induce to join them in conducting their
negotiations with Philip. This is evident from what follows,
as well as from ^Esch. de F. L., p. 35. It is clear that
Demosthenes, for certain reasons (see Thirl wall, chap. 44),
was anxious to conclude the peace as soon as possible, but
that he prevented its being made in conjunction with a com-
mon council of the Greeks is not so clear. The facts in
the case, after weighing carefully the contradictory state-
ments of the rival orators, seem to be something as follow.
^Eschines proposed such a council about a year before
the discussions upon the peace, and, in pursuance of his
plan, himself went on an embassy to Megalopolis (Dem. de
F. L., p. 344) ; but, as is evident from his own statement
(F. L., p. 38), the plan was never carried out, or was un-
successful, as none came to their aid up to the time of the
proposed peace. As to the pretence of .^Eschines, that cer-
tain ambassadors were out, at the time of the discussions on
the peace, for the purpose of inviting the cooperation of
the other states, and that the congress of the allies at Ath-
ens proposed at that time (see jEsch. de F. L., p. 35)
to wait till their return, this seems improbable on many
grounds, but, especially, is contradicted by ./Eschines him-
self, in the account which he gives of the contents of the
decree of the allies, in the present oration ( 70), and is
expressly denied by Demosthenes (De Coron., 23, 24).
There was, however, as is admitted by both orators, a con-
gress of Greeks at Athens at that time, which, therefore,
must have been wholly, or mostly, a congress of the regular
allies of Athens. And these, as it would seem from an ex-
pression of Demosthenes (F. L , 16), had been called
together in pursuance of the plan of ^Eschines, above named.
This view of the case, it is believed, will sufficiently account
for all the statements of the rival orators on the point.
rives] That is, Demosthenes and his party. ?re eWe-
Lit., " were, having sent out," i. e. " had sent
128 NOTES.
out." The periphrastic form expresses better the state of
expectancy, which he pretends they were in, in consequence
of the embassies which they had despatched. *al ....
dTroXaftew] To be joined with 7ro^o-ao-0ui, before the inter-
mediate clauses. rrjv fyf/jLoviav] " the primacy," "the su-
premacy." That is, "a leading and controlling position
among the Greek states."
59. ldty*ip] " suddenly," " unexpectedly." This shows
that the public sentiment was in danger of being shocked by
the charge ( 227) of corruption made against Demosthe-
nes. Demosthenes, in his reply, in alluding to the figure
of the accounts, which follows, makes an admirable use of
the current opinion in his favor, which is so clearly implied
in the language of ^Eschines. eVcetWf] "in that way,"
" thus," i. e. as in the case of the accounts. It is used in-
stead of ovrow, because it refers to the illustration, and hence
to what is more remote, like eWiW. It is more fully ex-
plained by the sentence with o>ro>, at the beginning of
60. xPVpuTav avrj\a>pevu)v] " money expended," i. e. by
some one to whom it had been intrusted. ri rovs Xoyto--
povs] " for the accounts," i. e. to obtain the results of cast-
ing up the account. <rvyKe(f)aXaia)6ri~\ " may have been
summed up." OOTIS] Strictly wore is required here, to
correspond to ora>, but the adjective clause is often used in
the place of the adverbial clause, introduced by fiore. K.
334. 2. alprj] " may carry," " may establish," " prove."
60,61. CK TO>V ffi-rrpoadev xpoVwi/] "from the former times,"
" in former times." To be connected with tx ovTfS rather
than rJKovo-iv, but perhaps influenced by that to take for
eV. However, see Dem. Pop. Orat., p. 148 (Philip. I. 1).
O7royi/a>ra> .... Karayi/o>r<o] " Judicandi verba, quse cum
OTTO composita sunt, significationem habent absolvendi,
quse cum /cara, condemnandi." Bremi. irplv azovo-y^
The subj. after Trplv is occasionally found thus without av in
the Attic writers. K. 337, R. 3. ptv (TrAeuo /*eV) ....
NOTES. 129
Be .... Be .... Be] See 31. e apxM Bears an
attributive relation to clpr)vr)s (" the original peace," i. e. the
first peace, or the peace in its incipient state).
62. eypd(pr) Trapavopuv] " was accused of illegality," " was
indicted as*illegal." Thus generally the pass, of ypdfaiv is
used ; so in the middle, " indicting." See ypa^dpfvos, follow-
ing. o-vvanfXoye'iTO .... Arjuoa-devrjs] This does not seem
to imply any political connection with Philocrates, any more
than the defending of one in our courts implies such a con-
nection with him. 6 xpoW] That is, the time for making
the peace. ovre Xa^wi/ .... 7rpia//ei>oy] " having obtained
the place neither as principal nor substitute, but having pur-
chased it by arrangement." The reference seems to be to
the abuse of the lottery principle, befor6 alluded to ( 3,
note). In choosing public officers, substitutes were chosen
to take the place of the principal, in case of his failure for
any reason, which accounts for the use of Xa^wi/ and eViXa-
Xa>v. els vTroSoxfjv] " by way of supporting."
63. NiKa] "carries" (lit. " conquers "). So also with
yzxop;, as Plat. Gorg. 456. A : ol VIK&VTCS ras yvapas.
ev &> . . . . Trpeo-peis] This was the first embassy (Trept
elprjVTjs). o-Trei'ercur&u] " to give pledges of safe conduct
to," i. e. in coming to Athens and returning. aKoXovda]
" in keeping with Philocrates" i. e. in keeping with what
Philocrates proposed. It is of the nature of what is called
the compendious comparison. K. 323, R. 6.
64. Ta de /xera ravra] Lit. " the after these things," " in
relation to what followed." An adverbial ace. K. 279,
R. 10. 'ETrparrero] " it was effected," " brought about."
This, it will be observed, is followed by &7ro>s pj, first with
the subj. (TTfpt/ieiVqre, TToirjvrio-Qe), and then with the fut. (i//^-
(pielo-Ge). This is to give greater animation to the discourse,
representing what was past as present. K. 330, R. 1.
The subj. and fut. differ in this, that the fut. represents the
idea as definite and actual, while the subj. represents it as
130 NOTES.
contingent. K. 330. 6. This charge of cooperating with
Philocrates Demosthenes expressly denies, and throws it
upon jEschines and his friends. See De Coron., 21. npos
rovf oXXouj, K. T. X.] ?rp6y, " out of regard to," " by means
of," " on the part of." This sense grows out of the original
meaning of irpos (in the presence of). o-vKocpairrrjdevras]
" slandered." tW*poi>] That is, after their return from
the second embassy, when Demosthenes accused his col-
leagues, and especially ^Eschines, of malversation. See
the orations of Demosthenes and ^Eschines, De Falsa Le-
gatione. TrapaKaXovvres] " stimulating," " stirring up," i. e.
the Greeks (see 68). Refers back to the subject of n-ept-
peivrjTf (i. e. the Athenians), and not to irpeo-pfts.
65. TTpoa-exoiev .... vpcTcpat] " should think of joining
themselves to your democratic ranks." irpo<rcxtu> in this
sense usually has rbv vow (lit. "to turn the attention to")
with it. See Dem. Olynth. II., 13; Philip. I., $ 6. T<
ir\f)6ei does not denote mere multitude, but the character of
the Athenian party. (See Xen. Mem. I. 2. 43.) The Athe-
nians formed the rallying point for all the democratical
states. Kepo-o/SXeVr/;?] Why Kersobleptes was not in-
cluded in the treaty of peace with Philip is uncertain. The
reason here assigned is the least probable of all. It is
most probable, that Kersobleptes was not fairly entitled to
be considered as an ally of Athens, and, as such, was ex-
cluded by Philip, according to the terms of the treaty (see
Thirl wall, chap. 44). His ruin, together with that of the
Phocians, is ascribed by Demosthenes, with much more
plausibility, to the unnecessary delays made by ^Eschines
and his friends in obtaining the ratification of the treaty from
Philip. See De Coron., 30-40. nap^yye'AXero ....
orpareta] " But already an expedition (i. e. made by Philip)
was announced against him (Kersobleptes)."
66. 6 /xei/ eoovov/zei/oy] That is, Philip. He did nothing
out of the way, the orator says, in purchasing these advan-
NOTES. 131
tages, but the traitors who sold them to him deserved eternal
reprobation. p.i(rd\egav8pos .... fiia-o(f)i\nr7ros] Adjec-
tives formed from proper names, as verbs often are, in
Greek. 6 TTJV . . . . 'AX^oVfyov] See the keen retort of
Demosthenes on this point, De Coron., 51, 52. rf} oydoy
.... firjvos] For the method of reckoning the days of the
months at Athens, see Dem. de Coron., 29, note.
67. or TIV TO) 'AorAcXTjTncp, K. T. X.] This, of course, indicates
haste; but it is admitted that Demosthenes was anxious to
conclude the peace as soon as possible, and for good rea-
sons. See 58.
68. ra Atoj/vo-m ra eV turret] The city Dionysia were
the Great Dionysia, which, it seems from this place com-
pared with 67, occurred somewhere between the 8th and
18th of Elaphebolion. Besides this festival to Dionysus,
there were, also, the Lesser Dionysia and the Lena?a. See
Dem. de Coron., 54, note.
69. 'ETretS?) .... eKK\r)<Ticu] " When now, Athenians,
the Dionysia had passed, but in the mean time there were
two assemblies." What intervenes between Aiovvo-ia and the
beginning of 71 is a sort of parenthesis, consisting of in-
termediate clauses preparing the way for the apodosis to the
clause beginning with 'Enctdr]. However, on account of the
great number of these intermediate clauses, the structure of
sentence is changed, and what is the apodosis in sense is
expressed independently. The main idea is, that when the
festival of Dionysus had passed, and the assemblies occurred,
he advocated the decree of the allies. But this main idea
is modified by the intervening clauses. This anacoluthon,
as it were, accounts for the use of 5e after fyiyvovro. For a
similar construction after eVet&i, see Dem. de Coron., 126.
fypatyav] Supply ot o-v/x/za^ot from ro>v (rv/n/ia^o)!/. /cat]
" even" ("even the peace, much more the alliance'''').
70. tWo/zo/ot] " intending to cure or remedy." Fut. part.
/cat irpocTfypa^av t K. T. X.] This, probably, is the true ac-
132 NOTES.
count of the purport of the decree of the allies. See 58.
OT^XT/I/] "Suidas: a-rrjXrj rj \i0os fj X a ^X s OTi/iJJKijy,
TTpaya>v(t> 0-^/zart ISpvpfvos. Quicquid publicse memoriae
mandari volebant, ejusmodi coluranis inscribebatur. Cujus
rei varia exempla habet Suidas." Bremi. rpipyvov] An
adjective agreeing with Tre/uoSou, understood.
71. navTfs} Understand cruz/enroi/, to be supplied from
(rvvfiTTfiv. K. 346. 2, a. 7r/>oKaraXa/i/3aj/a>i> .... /3^/na]
But how can this be, when ^Eschines himself, in another
place (F. L., 69), says, that, by a decree of Demosthe-
nes, no speaking was allowed on the second day ?
72. aTTopp^ai] " to break," " to separate." Depends
upon dclv. I see nothing so harsh in the metaphor as
jEschines affects to (8ia rrjv drjBiav). See 166, note.
Te\evrS>v] " finally." See Dem. Pop. Orat., VIII. 49, note.
'AvrifraTpov] One of Philip's ambassadors, probably the
same who was afterwards one of the generals of Alexander.
- Trpoenrav .... dnoKpivaa-dai] That is, by a previous
arrangement between them re\os] " in the end," " final-
ly." Adverbial ace. Often used thus. See Soph. Antig.,
233. eW/ta] "prevailed." Takes ravr as nom., and has
no objective. Thus often. See Dem. Philip. L, 51.
73. avrols] Demosthenes and Philocrates. rbv ....
jroirjo-ai] " to abandon the region on the coast of Thrace,"
i. e. the Cherronesus. For r6nos regio, see Dem. Pop.
Orat., IV. 32. The periphrasis etcdorov Trot^o-at is equiva-
lent to fK^ovvai. KTTJ <f>6lvovToi\ That is, as Elaphebolion
had twenty-nine days in this year (see Franke's Chrono-
logical Table to the Philippics), the twenty -fourth day. On
this day (see 74) the allies were required to confirm the
treaty ; that is, five days after it was voted in the Assembly.
74. AavQdvci .... irapfyypd^as] "slyly inserts." Lit.
" escapes, having inserted." \av6dvti is understood, also,
with fTTt^rifyia-as (" slyly puts it to the vote").
75. irpofdpos] " presiding officer." See 3. The refer-
NOTES. 133
ence is to Demosthenes. KaXoV .... (jtaXajo?] The public
records at Athens were kept under the custody of the public
scribe in the Metroum, or temple of the mother of the gods,
the key of which was intrusted to the care of the president
of the presiding tribe for the time being (eVto-rar^s-). See
Schom., Assemb. Ath., p. 131. avro/jioXova-iv] " auro/zoXeiy
proprie dicuntur milites, qui ad hostes transfugiunt. In re
civili facile transfertur ad eos, qui alio tempore alias partes
secuti, modo in perniciem patriee aperte agunt, modo in ejus
salutem agere se simulant." Bremi.
76. Trpocdptav] "the front seat," i. e. in the theatre of
Dionysus, at the Great Dionysia, which occurred while the
ambassadors of Philip were at Athens. As there was no
special minister of foreign affairs at Athens, foreign ambas-
sadors were received and the usual courtesies were shown
them by some one of the senators. As Demosthenes had
recently visited the court of Philip, on an embassy con-
nected with the same subject, this office was very properly
assumed by him in the present case. See the reply of De-
mosthenes on this point, De Coron., ^ 28. KOI . . . .
In order to make their seats comfortable.
f}p<cpa] For the purpose of securing the best seats.
] "escorted," "accompanied."
77. pey0os] "in extent," "degree." See 17. *arao-/co'-
spies," i. e. at the court of Philip, to report any matters
of interest relative to him. o-v^da-as] " having feigned or
made up." This feigning a vision, which is attested also by
Plutarch, seems puerile, to say the least, to us ; but was un-
doubtedly a stroke of policy, to give greater weight to the
event, and call out from a superstitious people a more enthu-
siastic demonstration of feeling on the occasion. It must be
looked upon, at the worst, as a sort of pious fraud, invented
for the purpose of committing the people, by an enthusias-
tic demonstration, more thoroughly against the Macedonian
power, and awakening a new spirit of patriotism. /*e0' fjpc-
12
134 NOTES.
pav c7riopK&v] " swearing falsely by, by day." This is said,
perhaps, with more special reference to the present case,
but also as descriptive of his general character. f^do^v
.... Troifjo-ai] The customary period of mourning for the
dead was probably thirty days, during which time certain
outward signs of grief were assumed, and various sacrifices
and ceremonies were performed in their honor. See Bec-
ker's Charicles, p. 294. Tra/^i/o'/zei] " committed an out-
rage," " violated the laws of propriety," i. e. in the act
referred to. For the augment of the verb, see K. 126. 5.
Tr]v p,6vTjv .... oTroXeVaff] " wretched man, having lost
his only daughter, and the first to call him father." This
sacrificing private grief to the public interest is an honor,
rather than a reproach, to Demosthenes. See Plutarch, Life
of Demosthenes.
78. Kat ov . . . . eerao>] " and I am not charging this
impropriety upon him as a mere reproach, but am exhibit-
ing his character." He makes it a test of character, and
attempts to prove by it much more, with regard to the gen-
eral character of his adversary, I apprehend, than intelligent
readers will think he succeeds in doing. Indeed, the ex-
tremity to which he carries the point, as is the case also
with some others, has rather a sinister appearance. It looks
as though he was hard pushed for arguments. ovde yc
.... OVK] The negative here is repeated by ov/c, as in
the other sentences by the negative adverb, perhaps by an
unconscious imitation of their structure, or it may be, as
Bremi supposes, because the force of ouSe was not felt, on
account of the interposition of several words. See 194.
rpoTrov .... TOTTOV] Paronomasia. The passage reminds
one of that line of Horace (Epist. I. 11. 27) :
"Ccelum, non animum mutant, qui trans mare currunt."
79. ^A0e] That is, Demosthenes. A^ocr&Wi] Gov-
erned by rS)v avr&v. K. 284. 3. (4). (frvyas . ... ye-
NOTES. 135
" has been arraigned by a summary process" (lit.,
" has been a defendant by ttVayyeX/a"). See ^ 52. eV/o-r^]
"Hoc verbum significat Demosthenem repente et con-
tra omnium opinionem accusatoris partes suscepisse."
Bremi. ras drvxias] " the misfortunes," i. e. those familiar
to all. Referring to the disasters which befell them in the
contest with Philip, to which Demosthenes instigated them.
80. avacTTarovs eVoi^e] See 73, note. 7TpaiTfpa> TOV
Kaipov] " more than there was any occasion for," " more
than was proper." On the return of the ambassadors from
the second embassy, ^Eschines, in his report to the Assembly,
according to Demosthenes, had assured the people, that if
Philip was allowed to pass Thermopyla?, and make an ex-
pedition into Greece, he would chastise their enemies, the
Thebans, and, especially, would relieve from their tyranny
the Boeotian towns, just the reverse of which happened.
See the charge of Demosthenes, F. L., p. 347, and the un-
satisfactory reply of JEschines, F. L., pp. 43, 44. CO-KCVO-
ycoy^o-are] " Cuncta, qu86 moveri poterant, in ur-
bern transvexistis : quod est metuentis, ne hosti repente
irrumpenti resisti nullo modo possit." Bremi. eV ....
alrlais] " were in the greatest accusations," " lay under the
heaviest charges."
81. virep a>v . . . . fotvcx&jvat] " about which also you
suspected they differed." The subject of their difference is
not named, as being sufficiently well known. /zera TQJI/,
K. r. X.] " in conjunction with," &c. What these innate
diseases or vices of his nature were, is explained below, by
fctXt'aff, &C.
82. fja-vxia] "peace," "quiet" ("those opposing the
peace of the city," i. e. the war party, to which Demos-
thenes belonged). iraptav] "coming forward to the bema."
Sep/Hop reTx o? > K - r - ^-] These were fortresses on the coast
of Thrace, in the vicinity of the Sacred Mountain, so called,
and belonged to the kingdom of Kersobleptes, but were
136 NOTES.
defended by Athenian troops (Philip. III., 15). Philip,
availing himself of the opportunity afforded by the delays in
negotiating the peace, had taken possession of them. Many
of these places, at least, were not so unknown or unimpor-
tant as is pretended by ^Eschines. Demosthenes frequently
alludes to the taking of these places by Philip, in his extant
orations delivered about this time. (See F. L., 156 ; De
Cherson., 64; Philip. III., 15.) It is worth observing,
however, that in neither place are all the names found
which are here given by ^Eschines, who evidently, in rid-
icule, throws together a number of obscure names, as a sort
of jumble. It is in this light that Demosthenes views them
in his reply ( 27). Kai rs TOVTO .... 7rpdyp.aTa] " and
speedily brought the affairs to this state." For this usage
of $e>o>i>, see K. 312, R. 9.
83. TroXei .... 6/zo/a] " to some just and impartial
city," i. e. as an arbiter. 'AXowrjtrov .... Siafapo^vos]
" he (i. e. Philip) gave Halonnesus ; but he dissuaded from
receiving it, if he gives it instead of giving it back, differing
about syllables." Demosthenes claimed that it was already
their own, and could not be accepted as a mere gift (see
Orat. de Halon.). The passage reminds one of the terms
employed by politicians about the reception of Texas, as to
whether it should be annexed or re-annexed. Kat TO, K. r. X.]
This expedition seems to have been undertaken about the
time of that to Ambracia (B. C. 343). See Thirlwall, chap.
45. rrjv 6e a-\}^opav\ " the calamity," i. e. their defeat at
Charoneia.
84. Nat, K. r. X.] He here enters upon the examination
of the alliance which Demosthenes entered into with the
Euboeans for resisting Philip. That entered into with the
Thebans he defers to 137, seq. See the reply of Demos-
thenes to the charges which follow, De Coron., 95, seq.
85. ^IKTJIJLCVOI VTTO Mvr)(rdpxov] " Quas injurias passi sint
Athenienses a Mnesarcho et quo tempore, nusquam potui
NOTES. 137
invenire." Bremi. ^Afyvaiovs .... ypafaiv] " dares pro-
pose to become Athenians," i. e. to grant them citizenship
at Athens. This was often granted to public benefactors,
such as they were (see < 95, 96), and the injuries done
the state by their father constituted no reason for refusing
to honor his sons. VTTO 0e/iura>i>oy TOV 'Epcr/aieW] " by
Themison of Eretria," i. e. having been injured by him.
Eretria, as well as Chalcis, was a town in Euboea. Oro-
pus, which he took from the city, was an Athenian town
opposite Eretria, across the Euripus, the strait or sea which
separates Euboea from Attica. For the defence of Demos-
thenes, see De Coron., as above. IKOVTCS f7ri\av6av6nvoi\
Agree with the subject of e/So^crare. This expedition to
expel the Thebans was a very brilliant affair. It took place,
B. C. 358, in the archonship of Cephisodotus. Demos-
thenes (De Coron., 99) makes use of this very expedition,
among others, in justifying himself in entering into alliance
with the Euboeans, notwithstanding the many injuries they
had done Athens.
86. nXovrapx ftor)Q'r]<TovTs\ That is, against his sub-
jects, the Eretrians, headed by Clitarchus, and urged on,
probably, by Philip. This expedition was conducted by
Phocion (B. C. 350). aXX' ofo] "at least," "certainly,"
i. e. " if nothing else, they at least professed," &c. See
11, note. TajiuW] "Tamynce." The place where
they conquered the enemy. This being accomplished, the
Grecian force seems to have been betrayed by Plutarchus,
in concert with Callias, and, in their isolated position, to
have narrowly escaped being captured.
87. HTJ viK.T]<ra<n ftax 7 ? 1 '] " unless they gained a battle."
p) is used with the part, because it is equivalent to a con-
ditional sentence (K. 318. 5). For the construction, see
63. or'.... Sia/3ij3aoras] " and what his brother
Taurosthenes, who is now (i. e. since his adoption as an
Athenian citizen) saluting and smiling upon all, had col-
12*
138 NOTES.
lected, having transported the Phocian mercenaries." The
Phocians, at this time (during the Phocian war), were well-
trained soldiers.
89. rJKe (pp6p.fvos .... (pvo-iv] " he went borne on to
his own nature," " he returned headlong to his old prac-
tices," i. e. of acting in bad faith. For (pcpo^vos^ see 82.
r<5 Xoyw .... epyw] " in pretence .... in reality."
He professed to be merely forming a congress of deputies
from the different towns, but was really, as /Eschines con-
tends, devising plans for excluding the Athenian "influence,
and establishing himself in power.
90. Koi TrXeiovs .... EupiTrou] " and having turned more
turns than the Euripus," i. e. many sudden turns, the ebbing
and flowing of the Euripus being frequent and violent. See
Liv. XXVIII. 6. Hence Evpmos avOpairos became a proverb
for an inconstant man. See Plat. Phred., 90. C. 'ATropwv
6' 6 TI xP^ <raLTO <] " Formula, qua quis significatur
summis premi angustiis, nee ullam salutem undecunque
sperare posse." Bremi. evopicov Xa/Scii/] " to bind by an
oath," i. e. by forming an alliance with them. /ooXvo-erf]
" should hinder." Thus the fut. is often used after an his-
torical tense. K. 255. 3.
91. rov 8o\ixo8ponr]<TavTa] " the doXtx* runner," "there-
doubtable." The bo\txps was the long course, opposed to
the (rrdftiov. See Xen. Anab., IV. 8. 27. e'^oi/elro] That
is, of Demosthenes and his party. The numerous and
sweeping charges of corruption brought by ^Eschines against
Demosthenes, unsustained, as they are, by any adequate
proof, excite the suspicion that none of them are true.
ovvcBpcvciv] " to sit in the council of the allies," i. e. that
the Chalcidians should not be required to be represented at
Athens, as the other allies were, but might have a separate
congress in their own country. It was all-important, of
course, that, in resisting Philip, Athens should have allies,
which were to be obtained on such terms as they could be.
NOTES. 139
92. fjuvoTvpawos] Demosthenes was a stern democrat,
and the uncompromising enemy of monarchical and oligar-
chical governments. See his oration, " For the Liberty of
the Rhodians." dvrl TOVTWV] " as an offset to these things."
That is, they were bound by the treaty of alliance to assist
the Athenians, as the Athenians were bound to assist them ;
but this obligation, he says, on the part of the Chalcidians,
was a mere form.
93. rw Ao'yw 7rpoo-j3t/3ao>z> {yzay] "Blandis et specio-
sis verbis ad sententiam suam perducens. In
MSS., fere confunditur cum 7rpo/3t/3aV/, quod est impel-
lere bona plerumque significatione." Bremi. ras p.ev
. . . . evcpyfo-ias] "first to furnish aid to those of the
Greeks who always need it, and subsequently alliance, after
these favors."
94. <f| 'Qpeov] Another city of Euboea, which Demos-
thenes released from the peculiar duties of allies (repre-
sentation at Athens and taxation), that it might join the
Euboean congress. Tka6ov t^eAo'/xevoi] " unperceived took
away." The object of Demosthenes in promoting a con-
federation of the Euboean cities was, to present an effectual
barrier to the Macedonian ascendency.
96. Si' airoppfjTw] " by secret means," " secretly," i. e.
that they might not be known to Philip. Opposed to <ai/epa,
above.
97. fjv eVpeV/SevoY] " Demosthenes legationem in Pelo-
ponnesum obibat Ol. CIX. 1 (A. C. 343). Fortasse re-
diens ex Peloponneso Acarnaniam, regionem in occidental!
Helladis parte non inopem, adiit." Bremi. els] "for"
(" for furnishing of," &c., " for ten thousand foot-soldiers,"
&c.).
98. ras troXiTiKas Swa/xeis] " forces from the cities." Op-
posed to o-vvTaypa xp7ftaro>i>, and hence the pet* and Se. Un-
doubtedly the hopes of Demosthenes, with regard to assist-
ance from other states in the contest with Philip, were much
140 NOTES.
beyond the reality, but not so extravagant, probably, as is
here represented.
99. TOVTO .... Troiet] " for the man does this on pecu-
liar and not on common principles." avQpairos is for 6 av6pa>-
TToy. See Dem. de Coron., 139. All that is said on this
point, instead of being a reproach, is an honor to Demos-
thenes, since all goes to show that he was honest in his ex-
pectations of aid, though interpreted differently by ./Eschines.
KXeirrav] " deceiving," " cheating." So, also, 35.
100. paKpoTcpov fj.v TTJS 'iXtadoff] A pretty good hit, as
Demosthenes was famous for his long decrees. See De
Coron., 181. 'Airayay&v .... eX7ri5<Bi^ "having led
you far away from the artifice, and suspended you upon
hopes." ajrodev forms a parallelism, and makes the idea
more intense. o-vcrrpe^as] " having collected himself," =
summis viribus. Used especially of beasts. See Plat.
Rep., 336. B. oi/ . . . . thai] "who shall ask the
same people to consider themselves as friends and enemies
to the Athenians," i. e. to enter into an alliance of such a
nature as to imply this ; since they were to be on friendly
terms, and yet to pay no tribute, and do them no service,
like enemies.
101. "Efreira . . . . dt&foai] "Deinde prseter cetera
omnia aperte in decreto in fraudem scripsit, ut
qumque talenta Oritas legati juberent non vobis,
sed Callia3 trad ere." Rauchenstein. a<eAdn/] "hav-
ing laid aside," "stripped off." fyai] "touch," "seize
upon," " detect." See 237. 0c/Xcro] " unconsciously
took from you," " practised upon you."
102. Xo'yo) .... fpya>] See 89, note.
103. KXeirapxov] He succeeded Plutarchus ( 86) as
king of Eretria, having been established in his place by
Philip. Demosthenes, in his reply ( 81), refers to the
expedition which he despatched, under Phocion, for the ex-
pulsion of this tyrant and Philistides, tyrant of Oreus, as
NOTES. 141
evidence of his proof against corruption, and charges
chines with corruption, on the ground of his having en-
tertained their ambassadors when they visited Athens.
Kara^avrjs eyevcro] " he became evident," i. e. receiving the
talent from them. Because, as he goes on to say, after
the expulsion of their king they became a democracy,
and hence transacted all business by votes, of which one
existed, he pretends, upon this subject. The discrepancies
between this passage and the corresponding passage in the
reply of Demosthenes, especially the fact that Demosthe-
nes makes no allusion to this pretended vote of the Oreans,
have led to the conjecture, that this passage must have been
greatly changed by the orator, after the delivery of the
oration, on its publication. This seems very probable. In-
deed, the corresponding passage in Demosthenes does not
seem at all as though it were framed as a reply to such a
passage as this.
104. on . . . . ftcotro] " that he did not want most
worthless brass." What he did want is expressed by the
infin. which follows. vTreQearav] " pledged." dpax^v
.... p.vas] "a drachma per month for each mina." Ob-
s^rve the distributive use of the article. As a drachma was
a hundredth part of the mina, this was twelve per cent, per
annum. This whole account is so extravagant as to make
it not only incredible, but ridiculous.
106. 'EmriJtf'] " here," " at this point." He passes
now to the third period of his public life, that in which
they were avowedly at war with Philip, and which ended in
the disastrous battle of Chseroneia. See 55.
107. Kippaiov .... n-eStW] On the Corinthian Gulf,
around the ancient city of Cirrha, or Crissa, which, before
its destruction on account of its ill treatment of pilgrims to
the temple, was the port of Delphi. See Demosthenes's
account of the transactions here referred to, De Coron.,
149, seq. eayio-ro? KOI eVaparos] " devoted and ac-
142 NOTES.
cursed." Why it was thus styled appears from what fol-
lows. pavTciav .... Ben] " sought an oracle at the
temple of (irapa) the god." /MereA0eu>] " to pursue."
108. f] TlvBia] The priestess of Apollo, who presided at
the oracle and gave the responses. cnl irdo-rj dfpyia] " to
perpetual waste or desolation." TLpovoia\ "goddess of
forethought." In this character she was worshipped at
Delphi, in conjunction with the other divinities here named.
109. ?x<B<rai/] "filled up." avrol] "themselves," i.e.
the Amphlctyons. It is in the nom. by attraction, to agree
with the subject of the preceding verb. K. 307. 4.
110. apav] "imprecation." evayrjs] "accursed of."
This takes the gen. from the idea of separation which it
contains.
111. eVeuxerai] "Scilicet: f) a/>a, quod subjectum est
etiam ad antecedens interjectum $170-1'." Bremi. repara]
" monsters." dyop&v] " Id est, KK\rja-iS>v^ Homerico lo-
quendi usu. Cf. Schoemann de com., p. 28." Bremi.
fj.rj8e .... lepd] " nor even would they (i. e. the gods
referred to) receive at their hands the sacrifices." The
dat. here seems to be causal in its character (" out of
regard to them," "on their account"). In repeating the,
phrase ( 121) he uses the gen. of the person.
1 12. Ov 7r/>ii>, K. r. A.] " Omnino factum videtur mihi
saspius, ut in locis, ubi deessent scita, leges aliasne litterse
public, sic unde nota essent, aut ex ipsa oratione suppleri
possent, a doctis lectoribus insererentur. Pro tali habuerim
etiam fragmentum oraculi apud ^Eschinem in Ctesiph., p.
503. R." F. A. Wolf.
113. TrvXayo'pcov] " pylagora3." One class of deputies to
the Amphictyonic Council. See Dem. de Coron., 148,
note.
114. e'</>' wre] " upon condition that." The agreement
with him, that he should be feed yearly, was made upon
condition that he should defend them, &c. o6ev\ That
NOTES. 143
is, from receiving of this money thus sacrilegiously ob-
tained. This, he says, made him more ill-starred than
before, so that he involved in ill fortune whatever he
touched. See the most masterly comparison of their for-
tunes which Demosthenes goes into, in reply to this taunt,
De Coron., 256 -266.
115. 'ETTI yap .... apxovros] That IS, B. C. 340.
ipop.vr)ij,ovos] For the character and duties of this class of
deputies to the Amphictyonic Council, see Dem. de Coron.,
148, 149, note. 'A^Xvo-n'ov] " Anaphlistian." It
denotes the deme or borough to which he belonged.
MetSi'a*/] A violent enemy of Demosthenes, before referred
to. See 52. TrvptTrciv] " to fall sick of a fever."
116. vTTOTrcTTTcoKOTes] "having devoted themselves to."
clo-efapov fio'y/xa, K. r. A.] Demosthenes (De Coron.,
150) denies this, since such a measure could not have
been proposed without a special summons having been
served upon the Athenians, to appear and defend themselves
against the charge. The crime for which they were to be
fined, according to ^Eschines, was for dedicating certain
shields, in an unfinished chapel at Delphi, with an inscription
Commemorating their ancient victory over the Persians and
Thebans, which, of course, was offensive to the Thebans.
Demosthenes says this whole account of his being provoked
to attack the Amphisseans is false, and that he was em-
ployed to do it by Philip, for the purpose of getting up an
Amphictyonic war, which would give him an opportunity
of introducing his army into Greece. See Dem. de Coron.,
140150. KOI avrov OVTCO Trporjprjpevov] "even myself
having thus determined to do," i. e. if he had not been ex-
cited, as he afterwards relates, and provoked to a direct
attack upon the Amphisseans.
117. TrpoQvpoTcpov] " more zealously," i. e. than was com-
mon. juetffo-TTjKoro)*'] "having taken sides with me."
" at the beginning."
144 NOTES.
118. K/xo/SuXo?] A nickname of Hegesippus, which he
received from wearing his hair in a knot or roll on the
top of his head, called Kp&fivXos. He was on the same
side, in politics, with Demosthenes. The alliance with the
Phocians was generally unpopular in Greece, on account of
their sacrilegious character. eirfj\6c .... yvw^v] " it
occurred to me then in my thoughts," = venit mihi in men-
tern. avroGev] That is, "from their place of victory,"
"on the spot." CO-TTJKVS] "having taken my stand," i. e.
" fearlessly."
119. re'Xr; TTfrrpaxoras] " having received revenues,"
" having exacted toll." The part, is from irpdrra).
120. diapi&wv] " I set forth," " declared." a<ocna>]
" dvrl TOV a7roKa0aip&>, a<ayj/ia>." Harpocration. That
is, " keep pure," " clear." 'Ei/^p/mu ^v TO. Kava] " the
sacred rites have begun." That is, suppose them to have
commenced. The Kava were baskets used for carrying the
sacred barley-cakes (ovXat) in at the sacrifices.
121. irapevTcs] "having passed by," "left." Kara re
.... KUI KOTO] As re is an enclitic, it follows the preposi-
tion, while KCU stands before its word. ^o-i] Understand
fl dpd. See 111.
122. fjiCTeo-TTjv fK TOV cTweSptov] " Videtur moris fuisse,
ut qui fecerat ipse rogationem discederet, ut liberum esset
reliquorum consilium." Bremi. Trappa 7-779 rjpcpay ova-rjs\
"the day being far spent." 00-01 eVl Sterey fjp&o-i] "as
many as have been youths for two years." That is, as
many as were eighteen years old, having passed the two
years of youth, and arrived at their majority. Athenian
youths became men at eighteen, but were not liable to
serve out of Attica till they were twenty. Herm., Polit.
Antiq., 123. TJTIS ' .... Ifpov] "and whatever city
(i. e. of those belonging to the league) shall not be present,
shall be excluded from the temples." For the fut. mid.
(eiperai) in a pass, sense, see K. 252, R. 1.
NOTES. 145
124. dXXa Kal .... 0e<5] That is, the private individ-
uals from the different states embraced in the Amphictyonic
League, who attended the session of the Council for the
purpose of participating in the religious rites connected with
it. See Dem. de Coron., 154, note. rrjs eirtova^s TTV-
\aias] As it was the spring session that was just closing,
the next regular one was in the autumn ; but they were
to meet at a special session at an appointed time
125. v<fi rjn&v] "by us," meaning himself and col-
leagues, as he is here speaking of their laying the decree
before the Senate and people on their return. /ueo-eyyi^jua-
TOS] See 114. fK TOV <pavepov] "in an open or direct
way." /zerao-TT/o-ajuei/o? rovs ita>ras] " having sent out the
private persons." The Senate was often thronged by the
common citizens. See Dem. de F. L., 18. Trpoo-Xa/Swi/]
" having taken advantage of."
126. SirrrpdgaTo Hnft^g^ir&JKft] " he caused to be con-
firmed by a vote." rfBrj cVarao-rao-?;?, K. r. X.] That is,
just at the close of the session, and after most had gone
out. TOVS aet irvXayopovvras] " those acting as deputies in
each case." The effect of this decree was, to prevent dep-
uties being sent to the special session to be called.
127. pcTexciv] For the dat. and gen. after this verb, see
K. 273. 3, b, and 284. 3. 1. To Se . . . . eW*;] " But
not to participate, what is it ? " The question is answered,
after the parenthesis, by OVK ea, AC. r. X. OVTGXTI] " Hoc
vocabulum ssspe ex contextu definitur imprimis in malam
partem. Hie significat ovro> ACOKWJ." Bremi.
128. P.LO.S TToXecos] That is, Thebes, which had since
(B. C. 335) been destroyed by Alexander. QVT &v . . . .
/UT)#'] Observe the change from oure to fjre, in passing
from the expression of a simple negative to the expression
of a negative wish ("I neither would .... and would to
God there may not be"). KO'TTV$OI/ TOV $ap<rd\iov] For
13
146 NOTES.
the probable reason of his being called an Arcadian in Dem.
de Coron., 155, see Appendix to that Oration, p. 247.
paicpav] Used as an adverb, 'but properly an adjective,
referring originally to 68w, or some other feminine noun,
understood. avrUa p.d\a\ paXa is often found thus after
avTiKa, (and sometimes before it,) in the sense of " very," to
strengthen its meaning. See Dem. de F. L., 39, 42.
129. TO> 0eo> /taratfeti/ai] " to pay to the god," i. e. to pay
into the treasury of the temple of Apollo at Delphi. rovs
fie .... Karfyayov] " but those having fled for conscience'
sake, they restored," i. e. those who were opposed to the sac-
rilegious proceedings referred to, and who had left the coun-
try to avoid participating in them. These they restored to
their country, while they banished (/zereo-r^o-ai/ro) the offend-
ers. KareXfoVra?] "having returned," "having been re-
stored." TroXXo) xp vc p forty**] " Oratio hyperbolica eo
oratoris consilio nata, ut ne ipse videtur Philippum in
Greciam vocare voluisse. Hinc rem ita exponit, quasi altera
in Amphissenses expeditio longo tempore post primam, cui
interfuit ^Eschines, locum habuerit. Sed utraque fere con-
juncta censenda, aut una nonnisi, ut patet ex iis, qua3 habet
Weiske de Hyperb., P. III. p. 23." Bremi.
130. P.OVOV ye OVK] " only not indeed," = almost. //uX-
Xov] " rather," " more," i. e. than Athens on the occasion
referred to. 17 T&V /IVO-TWI/ reXetm;] " the death of the
initiated." That is, as the Scholiast says, the devouring of
some of the novitiates by a sea-monster, as they descended
into the sea to perform the purificatory ablutions. <tXt7r-
irifav .... <aa-KOH/] " saying that the Pythia Philippizes,"
i. e. was in the pay and under the influence of Philip, and
hence, that they could not obtain an impartial response if
they sent to consult the oracle. aTraiSevros .... cgavo-ias]
" being rude (i. e. as it regards religious cultivation), and
enjoying and being glutted with the power granted him by
you." Even ^Eschines thus bears testimony to the great
public influence of Demosthenes.
NOTES. 147
131. a&vTtov KOL aKd\\iepr)T(6i>] " inauspicious and ill-
omened." The words are nearly synonymous, and used
for oratorical effect. The reference is to the preliminary
rites before the unfortunate battle of Chseroneia, to which,
he says, Demosthenes sent out the army against the omens
derived from the sacrifices. Trpwrjv] " lately," i. e. in some
of their " sparring," probably some time after the battle of
Chseroneia, and before this trial. Various reasons have
been given for the course of Philip in not entering and
ravaging Attica after the battle of Chseroneia ; but it
was not, probably, dictated wholly by magnanimity. See
Thirlwall, Chap. 46. aXn-^e] " guilty destroyer." The
dXirrjpios of a nation was a sort of Achan, who called
down the divine vengeance by his wickedness and impiety.
See how Demosthenes turns the charge upon ./Eschines, De
Coron., 159.
132. e$' f]pS>v] " in our age." Literally, " upon us,"
while we say" under one." aXX' .... e</>v/*ei>] "but we
live for a marvel to those who shall come after us." That
is, on account of the strange things which had taken place
in their day, through the bad management and evil genius
of Demosthenes. 6 TOV *A0a)v, K. r. X.] Xerxes, in his in-
vasion of Greece, is said to have made a bridge across the
Hellespont, and to have cut a canal through Mount Athos.
These feats are often referred to as marvels by Greek
authors. (See Isoc. Panegyr., 89.) A king once so mighty
and so haughty, he goes on to say, had in their day (i. e,
by Alexander, then on his Eastern expedition) been reduced
to the utmost extremity. TOVS avrovs] That is, the Mace-
donians.
133. 7Tp\ rcov oXoov OVK op6)S /SovXevo-a/Lteixn] " TO. oXa
Grsecis ssepe sunt res summse, gravissimse, quse spectant
reipublicse salutem et felicitatem. Sententia nostri loci est:
quanquam parum Grsecise saluti consulerent.
Post Leuctricam pugnam nimium sibi arrogarunt Thebani."
148 NOTES.
Bremi. aXXa] " yet." Stands opposed to el KCI\ (" if also
justly .... yet at least receiving their judicial blindness
and folly, not from men, but from the gods"). -rrpoo-a^d-
pcvoi .... KaToXrj-^-iv] " only meddling with these affairs
at first in taking the temple." The Lacedaemonians, having
been fined by the Amphictyons for occupying the Cadmea of
Thebes, had assisted the Phocians, at first, in seizing the
temple, but had taken no active part in the war which
ensued upon that event. v\>v .... dj>anen7r<T0ai] " now
about to become hostages, and give an example of the
calamity, are on the point of being sent to (o>y) Alexander,"
i. e. in consequence of having made an unsuccessful attempt
to resist the Macedonian power during the absence of Alex-
ander in the East (B. C. 331). This allusion proves that the
time of the delivery of this oration must have been as late
as the time usually assigned to it (B. C. 330).
135. aKTjvpa] " suffered from." Strictly, " to receive,"
whether good or ill. The imperf. has the aorist meaning.
drdcrOaXa p/rtaarai] " devises arrogant things." See the
same passage referred to by ^Eschines, F. L., p. 49, where
pfxavaarai is used in the place of /x^rtaarat. The calamities
sent upon a people cursed with such a man are described
in the lines that follow, which, he says, laying aside the
metre, are an accurate description of what had happen-
ed under the conduct of Demosthenes. Thus ends this
long story (see Dem. de Coron., 140) about the Am-
phisseans.
137. 4>pw&>i/8ay ovre EvpvftaTos] These were shameless
traitors and deceivers, such as magicians and jugglers
(pdyos KOI 70775) usually are. For Eurybatus, or, as some
would have it, Eurybates, see Dem. de Coron., 24.
wff apa] "that forsooth." Observe the disbelief and con-
tempt implied in these words, and see 54. He here
enters upon an examination of the character of the alliance
which Demosthenes formed with Thebes, and on which he
NOTES. 149
prided himself so much, and which, therefore, might be
considered as a redeeming feature in his public career.
But even here he allows him no merit. He referred to this
alliance, as a point to be examined in connection with that
formed with the Eubosans ( 84), but, to preserve chrono-
logical order, examined that first, and now, having brought
down the history of affairs to the time the alliance with
Thebes was formed, i. e. till just before the battle of Chse-
roneia, when Philip had already taken Elateia, proceeds to
examine this. Demosthenes replies to what is said on this
point, De Coron., 238, seq.
139. To 3' CUTIOV olda fjiev] The cause consisted partly
in the rivalry of the neighbouring states, and partly in the
unpatriotic course of the Thebans in joining the Persians in
the first Persian war. As Thebes had been overthrown
by Alexander, he says he will not rake up these grounds
of their differences, nil de mortuis nisi lonum.
140. NiWai/] " Hanc urbern in bello Phocensi Thes-
saliis a Phocensibus ereptam Philippus illis restituit, ut eos
sibi devinciret. Cf. Demosthenis Philip. II., p. 71." Bremi.
But ^Eschines here says he took it from the Thebans, i. e.
they had confidently expected to receive it. rbv avrbv
7r6\fjiov~\ That is, the Phocian war, I suppose, referring,
perhaps, to his having first carried it on in Thessaly, and
afterwards in Phocis. 'EAaretcu>] This was the principal
city of Phocis, on the borders of Boeotia, and commanding
the defiles which led to Boeotia and Attica. Trp\v ....
Arjfjioa-Qevrjv'] This, if taken literally, is a downright false-
hood. But it would seem from what follows, that it should
be taken in a limited sense, as expressing what virtually
happened, though not actually. He says the necessity of
the case virtually brought the two cities together, and not
the negotiations of Demosthenes, though he, by the form
and direction which he gave to the alliance, did infinite
mischief. See a full account of the negotiations of De-
13*
150 NOTES.
mosthenes for bringing about the alliance, in his reply,
^ 179-187,211-214.
141. c*s avra .... SedfaaKf] Referring to the severity
with which Philip treated Thebes after the battle of Cha>
roneia, and the lenity with which he treated Athens. This,
he says, proves that he was more hostile to Thebes than
Athens. Possibly so, but see 131, note. ravra] That
is, the true feelings of Philip towards Athens and Thebes
respectively.
142. 7TpS>Tov pfv] As the first objection which he makes
to the alliance resolves itself into two parts, after having
stated the general character of the objection, he here com-
mences to state more particularly the first point, and at
dfvrcpov 6e ( 143) introduces the second point. For a sim-
ilar use of TTp&rov and Sevrepoy, in expressing the subdivisions
under the first general division of a subject, see Dem. de
Cherson., 39-43. eVi ria-t] " upon what conditions."
ayanav] " to be satisfied." rovro Se 7T/>oAa<ai/] "but
having secured this point," i. e. that no special conditions
should be insisted upon. Botomcu/ airavav] Thebes was
but the capital of Boeotia, to which the other cities and
towns owed a sort of allegiance, but otherwise were in-
dependent. It was a fundamental principle in the Athenian
policy to keep these towns' independent of Thebes ; but by
the arrangement entered into with Thebes on the present
occasion, Demosthenes, in the view of jEschines, so far
departed from that policy, as to put them in the power of
Thebes. rots oi/o/xao-i .... rrpay/zara] Referring to his
denominating the Thebans by the general name of Boeotians.
But this was not a mere trick on the part of Demosthenes ;
his object was to form an alliance with the Boeotians as a
nation, and not simply with Thebes. a>s rovs Boiwrovy, *.
r. A.] This gives the supposed reason why Demosthenes
employed such terms in speaking of the Thebans, namely,
" that the Bosotians would be pleased by such a combina-
NOTES. 151
tion of terms in designating the Thebans, as excluded any
express naming of their hated oppressors." For o>s with
the ace. absolute of participles, see K. 312. 6, c.
143. ols . . . . KLvdwoi] As Philip was at Elateia, the
Athenians, of course, were farther from danger than the
Thebans. fjyepoviav] See 58, note. apfyv <f>epa>v~\
" wholly bearing," = " at one sweep." SxparoxXea] No
Athenian general of this name is mentioned as acting in this
war. The leaders were Chares and Lysicles.
144. Tpoi 6e TrapaXeiTrovo-tv] " while (Se) others pass them
by." These were common charges against Demosthenes,
he says, but they had become so accustomed to hear charges
against him, that they had no effect upon them. They were
not then, most probably, convinced of their truth.
145. ap8rjv .... tx^eAo/zevos] " wholly unconsciously
removed." As Thebes was nearer the seat of war, it must
have been more convenient to conduct the military counsels
there than at Athens. Besides, there was a shrewd policy,
as Demosthenes remarks (De Coron., 195), in keeping
the whole war out of Attica by a union with Thebes.
146. diadiKacriav .... o-Tparriyeiov] " he said that he
would institute a trial of merit for the rostrum against the
prsetorium." The diaSiKao-ia was a suit to decide the su-
periority of claim to certain property or rights between two
or more litigants, as in the case of heirs, etc. Mio-Qucpopfov
.... x^P ais ] " but drawing the pay for blank places in
the mercenary force," i. e. the force sent out to Amphissa
to oppose Philip, just before the battle of Chseroneia. The
charge is, that he, having got the complete control of this
affair, drew for the pay for a certain number of soldiers,
and as the ranks were not all full, took that himself which
was intended for the absentees, just as the more rapacious
military leaders were wont to do. irpoa-^i^ .... Tro'Xet]
" the mercenary troops having been taken (i. e. in Am-
phissa), he hurried on the danger to the city." For this
use of (pepav, see 82.
152 NOTES.
147. ai/] Belongs to euacr0ai, but is placed after yap as
the word which turns the sense of the sentence. K. 261. 2.
X^pis] " separately." el p? 8inrjv dedaxcv] That is, he
is not satisfied with merely escaping punishment. 01-8'
iKai/oi>, AC. r. X.] Referring to the proposition to proclaim his
crown, not in the Assembly, but in the theatre, at the great
Dionysiac festival. See 33, note.
148. ort . . . . dtayowetrat] " that he should stake all
the advantages he has acquired (T>V wap^oWcoj/ dyaB&v) in a
small part of a day," i. e. in the battle which must be fought
with the Athenians and Thebans.
149. TOVTO Krjpvypd TL] " this, as it were a command."
Krjpvyfjid n belong to the predicate.
150. Qeidias .... Aq/MxrlcVet] " Phidias made for De-
mosthenes to make gain and swear by." If Demosthenes
conducted as here described, he was more of a foot than a
knave. The evident exaggeration of many parts of the
oration injures its effect very much. KAfo$&>i/ros] " Tur-
bulentus erat demagogus et similis Hyperbole et Cleoni,
quibuscum ssepe jungitur." Bremi. nXXa KOI .... flprj-
vrjs] " but even turned back again (i. e. towards home) your
soldiers who had come out, in order that you may consult
concerning the peace." The subj. after Iva is used instead
of the opt., on account of the vividness of the conception
of the speaker. K. 330, R. 1.
151. KOI ypd\l/fiv .... *iXt7T7roi/] " and said that he
would propose (i. e. if he should be compelled to return to
Athens to deliberate upon these matters) a decree (the man
who never looked the enemy in the face) for you to send
ambassadors to Thebes to demand of the Thebans a passage
through their country against Philip." ws d\r)6S>s] " in
very deed." o>s qualifies the adverb, as it often does the
superlative. K. 343, R. 2.
152. dvdp&v TWV dyaQ&v] That is, those who fell at Chse-
roneia, and upon whom Demosthenes was employed to pro-
NOTES. 153
nounce a funeral oration. Demosthenes (De Coron., 285)
justly prides himself upon this appointment, as showing the
confidence of the people in him. rols dpcwreVaiy ....
rati/] Referring to his deserting his post in the battle.
See 159, note. <nrov8aia] " serious duties." eVt^etp^-
o-eiv f6f\r)a-is] The idea of futurity is made more prominent
by the use of the fut. infin. instead of the pres. or aor. K.
257, R. 2.
153. rr]v didvoiav] " in thought," " imagination." Ace.
of nearer definition. K. 279. 7. vopia-aQ* 6pdv] " imag-
ine that you see." He here gives, with his peculiar color-
ing, the scene which would be presented at the crowning of
Demosthenes, should they sustain the proposition of Ctesi-
phon. 777 rfjs TTo'Xeeos dyvco/jLoo-vvrj] " the perverse folly of
the city," i. e. in honoring the man who had been the cause
of the death of their friends.
154. rovs 6p<pavovs] By a law of Solon, the sons of those
who had fallen in war were brought up at the public ex-
pense. irpocfyiav] That is, the seat of honor in the
theatre.
155. Tra/aao-rqo-a/zei/oy] "having placed before you." Agrees
with Krjpvg, understood. dXX* ov] " yet not." For dXXa in
this sense, see 1^3. dXXa rdvavrta .... (frBeyyeo-Qai]
" but the opposite of the words of the crier will seem to be
spoken," i. e. as is described in what follows.
156. /zj) . . . . avT&v] " do not triumph over yourselves,"
" do not proclaim your own shame." napavolas] " of mad-
ness," " folly." This, together with rbv 8^/iov, is governed
by alpciv, in the sense " to convict." K. 274. 2.
157. rais ye Siavoiais] " in imagination." This descrip-
tion of the fate of Thebes has been much admired. De-
mosthenes (De Coron., 41) derides his pathos, as being
feigned, since he profited by their fall.
158. avToo-xfSidr)~\ " may practise upon," " make experi-
ments upon," " endanger." See the reply of Demosthenes
154 NOTES.
to the foregoing remarks of his adversary, and others of the
same kind, as to his evil fortune, De Coron., 252, seq.
159. rrjv eK rfjs Tj-oXecoff] " his post in the city." Literally,
"from the city." But this is by attraction through the in-
influence of eXiTrei/, just as in the previous sentence ; or
perhaps e\urcv should be taken in a pregnant sense (" he
left his post ly going from the city"). The manner in
which, and the purpose for which, he left the city, are
named in what follows, i. e. he left in a vessel to collect
the taxes from the tributaries of Athens. It does not appear
that Demosthenes deserted his place in the battle in any
other sense than all that survived did. " He was certainly
reproached with cowardice, because he escaped in the gen-
eral flight, only by those who wished that he had been left on
the field." Thirlwall, Chap. 46. rrjs aTrpoo-fio^rov a-atrr^plas]
Referring to the leniency of Philip towards the city. See
31, note. 7riypd<f)iv] Plutarch relates, that, distrusting
his fortune, he for some time presented his decrees in the
name of his friends, of whom Nausicles was one.
160. 'E7r8$ .... */XMTJW] That is, B. C. 336.
TfpaTfvopfvos] " dea'ing in the marve lous." This is in-
tended to describe a prominent trait in the character of
Demosthenes, often alluded to by jEschines ( 77, 99,
142), and which he represents as a species of solemn im-
posture, but which should be regarded as the result of
a strong religious, combined with a strong patriotic ten-
dency. Demosthenes evidently possessed something of
those austere, and often mysterious views, which some-
times laid him open to the charge of humbuggery. When
the good of his country seemed to be at stake, the end, un-
doubtedly, often seemed to him to sanctify the means. In
this way we may account for his pretending to have been
informed by a vision of the death of Philip ( 77), as well
as the act here ascribed to him, and many others calculated
to awaken the patriotism of his countrymen. Witness, too,
NOTES. 155
the frequent invocation of the gods in his orations, his solemn
array of the ancient heroes, and the patriotic raptures in
which he often indulges. Ifpa .... Hava-avLov] " he
caused to be erected sacred symbols (a statue) of Pausa-
nias." That is, of the murderer of Philip. els alrlav ....
Kareo-TTjo-fv] " while he involved the Senate in a charge of
sacrificing thank-offerings for the good news," i. e. of the
death of Philip. Mapy/r^i/] That is, a mock hero, who
figures in a pseudo-Homeric fragment. Alexander, too, it
should be recollected, was a great admirer of the Homeric
heroes, and especially of Achilles, upon whose character he
modelled himself. There may be some allusion to this fact
in the appellation under consideration. ra o-TrXdy^i/a $v-
Aarroz/ra] " inspecting the entrails of victims," i. e. in order
to see if it would be safe to move from home, like a timid
and superstitious person. OVK ei/cao>i/] " not conjecturing."
on . . . . aw'a] " that valor is purchasable by blood,"
i. e. by incurring danger fearlessly, ai/zaros is gen. of price.
In the next clause, which refers to Demosthenes, Bremi
takes alfj.a in the sense of robur, " vigor," "manliness."
161. ToC i/ecm'o-Kov] Alexander, who at this time was
twenty-one years of age. Trpeo-ftevTrjg .... vTroo-Tptyasl
Plutarch alludes to this embassy to Alexander after the
destruction of Thebes, and to the circumstance of Demos-
thenes returning from dread of the anger of the king, after
he had proceeded as far as Mount Cithairon. And it would
have been utter presumption for him to have thus placed
himself in his power. ovr eV . . . . Trapf'xw] See how
Demosthenes turns this charge upon ^Eschines, De Coron.,
180, 196-198. fcivtrarov] That is, "to name what
is most shocking." A preparatory ace. in apposition with
what follows. Jelf 's K. 580, R. 2 ; also Dem. Pop. Orat.,
II. ^ 1. ov TTpov&oTf] " you did not give him up," i. e. to
his enemies. Referring, perhaps, to the demand which
Alexander made for him and other Attic orators to be given
156 NOTES.
up to him. ev ra; . . . . crvvcdpico] That is, the Amphic-
tyonic Council, undoubtedly. See Dem. de Coron., 322.
162. -rrdpaXoi] That is, " ambassadors conveyed in a
TrapaXoff, or sacred galley." et ns apa] "if perchance,"
= si quis forte. crcpav .... ycvofjkcvos] " being distin-
guished above others in his appearance." For the com-
bination ftiacfrep&v yei/o/zevoy, see 10. rbv A\fav$pov vno-
rpexfi] " insinuates himself with Alexander." And thus,
as ^Eschines would have us believe, served as a go-between
from Demosthenes to Alexander, by whom they carried on
a secret correspondence and came to a secret understand-
ing. But such hearsay is unworthy to be produced before
a court in a serious cause.
163. Kaipol KaXXio-roi] That is, of showing his hostility
to Alexander. KatfeorT/Kcbs] " having been established,"
i. e. on his throne. eW] Referring to the king of Per-
sia. TO> o-avTov rpoTrw] " your own habit," i. e. of coward-
ice. prjTopiKTjv detX/ap] " rhetorical cowardice," i. e. real
cowardice rising into indignation in the flow of rhetoric.
164. 6 8' 'AXe'ai/fy)off, K. T. X.] Referring to the battle of
Issus. a-vfjLTrarrjdrja-fcrdat .... JWov] " to be trampled
under foot by the Persian mare." The infin. depends upon
77/zeXXf v. OVK f'xoo/m] " could not away with." ay ....
irfpiyfts] " which having suspended from your fingers, you
went around with," i. e. holding them in an ostentatious way
in his hand. The letters were represented as being from
persons near Alexander, and who were acquainted with the
facts in the case. KOI xputroKepwj/ .... <ao7c<oi>] " stigma-
tizing me as a golden-horned victim, and saying that I have
been crowned for the sacrifice." Referring to the ambigu-
ous oracle which the Pythia gave out to Alexander before
he set out on his expedition to the East : "Eo-reTmu pcv 6
rav/aoy, e^ 6 * T *^ etmv 6 BiHratvf 3 As jEschines was the
active leader of the Macedonian party at Athens, Demos-
thenes very naturally expressed his exultation over him, in
NOTES. 157
the present critical state of the affairs of Alexander. e's-
nva Kaipbv di/f/3aXXov KaXXtco] " Oratores Attici medium
dvafiaXXeo-Qai usurpant ad indicandam cunctationem ac pro-
crastinationem rerum earn, quae fit desidia et languore, ac-
tivum autem am/3aXXew> ratione hominum, quos de industria
retinemus, aut vero malitiose retardamus, dein etiam ra-
tione rerum, quarum eventum consilio malo reprimimus.
Nostro loco est ex ignavia rem rejicere." Bremi.
165. ActKeSeu/Lioj/ioi .... paxTl] " tne Lacedaemonians
and the mercenary force fought a successful battle." This
seems to have been at the commencement of their revolt
against the Macedonians, which ended in their defeat, the
year previous to the delivery of this oration. See 133.
The mercenary force spoken of was, most probably, a force
sent into the Peloponnesus by Darius, to act in conjunction
with the Lacedaemonians in overturning the Macedonian
power there. oXiyov deiv] " almost." Literally, " so as
to want little." K. 341, R. 3.
166. ra i/eupa] " ra vevpa TWV Trpay/iarcoz/ SUnt ^p^juara KOI
a~vjjLfJMXOi.^ Bremi. 0op/xoppa(jf>ov/ze$a .... 8i'pov<7i] " we
are sewed (or, perhaps, squeezed) up into the straits, some
first thread us as needles." The figures seem to refer to
the manner in which they were pressed and vexed on all sides
by domestic enemies. Demosthenes unquestionably used
very strong language on some occasions, but it is hardly
supposable that he often made use of so harsh and incon-
gruous figures as are here ascribed to him. It is no wonder
that ^Eschines complains of the insufferable harshness of
such language. See the retort of Demosthenes to these and
the like strictures upon his language, 127.
167. KivaBos] " monster." 6/ioXoy .... dcfyia-ravm]
"I acknowledge that I united the Lacedaemonian powers,
I acknowledge that I instigated the Thessalians and Per-
rhaebans to revolt," i. e. from Macedonia. py] Under-
stand etTTw with this (" Let me not say to a city, but even ").
14
158 NOTES.
K. 321. 3, a. a-avrov .... fTriypdifseis] "will inscribe
yourself upon that which has taken place," i. e. claim the
honor of it.
168. drjfjLOTiKos f(mv~\ " he is a man of democratic char-
acter and principles." fv^^Lav] " plausibleness." nolov
nvd\ " of what distinctive character." For this meaning
of rii/a, see K. 303. 4. <aCAoi/| Opposed to a&cppovi
(" virtuous," " temperate," " good ") in the description of
drjfJLOTlKOS.
169. IXevQepov] " free-born." fvepyeoriav] " good-will."
porjd&v .... drvxripavi] "avenging (lit., coming to the
aid of) the injuries of their ancestors."
170. Mairav] " mode of life," " style of living." dveX-
yeiav] " wanton excess," "profusion." euyi/oyioi/a] "fair-
minded," " sound-minded." Referring to that freedom
from prejudice and general soundness of views which are
essential to success as a statesman. Sidvotav] " thought,"
" mind." napa] " during," " in the midst of." See Dem.
Pop. Orat., II. ^ 22. eVi -n-aa-i St/ca/oi?] " upon condition of
entire justice." See the same phrase, Dem. Pop. Orat.,
V11I. ^ 10. The above characteristics of a S^/iort/cos are
evidently drawn to meet the case of Demosthenes, and hence
are arbitrary. It is in this light that Demosthenes treats
them in his reply ( 122), setting them aside by a single
pertinent illustration.
171. TuXcoi/ rjv CK K(pap.co)v] " Gylon (i. e. the maternal
grandfather of Demosthenes) was of Kerameis," an Attic
deme of that name. TO XOO/H'OI/ TOVTO] That is, the Tauric
Cherronesus, where NymphaBum was situated. rrjv upto-iv
ovx vnofiivai\ And hence he could never return to his coun-
try. TOVS vvop.a<rp.vovs KrjTrovs] " Urbs erat haud exigua, ab
hortis amosnis appellata, Milesiorum colonia." Bremi.
172. e7ri(pponevr)v] " 'ETrxpepeo-Qai de uxore dotem fe-
rente habuimus in Lysia3 pro bonis Aristophan., 14."
Bremi. o-ww/ao-e] " married." orwS^Trore " to whomso-
NOTES. 159
ever he may be." He did not wish to name him, lest he
should give offence to him also in what he was about to
say of Demosthenes. His name was Demochares. See
Dem. adv, Aphob., p. 818. TrapiSav TOVS rrjs TroXews vo/iovy]
That is, by marrying a woman who was not a native-born
Athenian. Trpoyovcov] " Pluralis positus est ratione senten-
tise. Proprie unus respicitur avus Gylon." Bremi. rrjv
ntanjpta*] " in his vicious pronunciation."
173. 'E/c Tpirjpdpxov .... ave<f>avri~\ " from a trierarch
he became a pleader of causes before the courts," i. e. al-
though a rich man (as all trierarchs were), he took up the
profession of a writer of pleas for pay. rovs Aoyovs- ....
avridiKois] " producing the speeches for the opposing par-
ties," i. e. for both the parties in a suit, as in the case of
Phormio and Apollodorus. See Plutarch's Life of Demos-
thenes. TO pao-iXiKov xpuo-iW] It is admitted that Demos-
thenes received money from the king of Persia, to be used
in stirring up opposition throughout Greece against the
Macedonian power, which was then extending its ravages
through the Persian empire ; but there is no proof that he
appropriated it to his personal benefit.
174. AeivSis \eyeiv, KCIKWS Pi&vai] " So as to speak vehe-
mently, to live shamefully." TratdoTroua] " power of pro-
creation." These disgusting personalities, as well as those
in the reply of Demosthenes ( 129, seq.), are unworthy of
orators of so great renown, but were according to the fash-
ion of the times, and are attributable in the present case to
the intense personal animosity of the antagonists, which had
been accumulating for years.
176. ea> ray 7TpippavTr]piQ)v] That is, as a person in dis-
grace. " Sunt cancelli, intra quos nemini ar/^w intrare
licebat." Bremi. o-v] That is, Ctesiphon. rols- r/xzyw-
&uy] " at the tragedies," " at the exhibition of the trage-
dies." It expresses time. Thus often. See Dem. de
Coron., 54.
160 NOTES.
177. ov firj . . . . Tiwqo-ere] " do not suppose that you
will ever make better." ov belongs to some verb of fear or
anxiety, understood. K. 318. 7.
178. dfieivovs] " braver." So more commonly. See Dem.
de Coron., 219. KaraTreVAirrcu] "has been washed out,"
" has been forgotten."
179. aroTTov] " strange," " inexplicable." Oieo-0' av]
av belongs to c'&Xqo-at (" do you think that any one would
be willing ").
180. NCi> 8*] That is, according to the existing arrange-
ment for bestowing rewards at the games. eVtfiKelff ^uo-ety]
u gentle natures," i. e. modest but deserving men.
181. "En 8' of .... Karayayovres] The reference is
to Thrasybulus and his associates, who rallied the citizens
that had fled from Athens during the reign of the Thirty, at
the fortress of Phyle, on the borders of Boeotia, whence he
carried on his operations for the overthrow of this hateful
oligarchy. See 187, fin. Of course, the comparison ex-
pressed in the previous sentences between other ancient
worthies and Demosthenes, is implied here between these
and him. It is worth observing, too, that each case for com-
parison is introduced by 8e. Upon this Bremi remarks:
" Singula exempla in progressu enumerantur per particulam
8e, nonnunquam cum indignatione."
182. cv TOIS avrais fjpfpais] " in the same days." Just as
we say, " to name in the same day."
183. eVi ro> ^rpvfjLovi] " Intelligitur Cimonis expeditio in
Thracia cujus regionis flumen erat Strymon, quod cum valido
exercitu eum trajicere jubebant Athenienses, ut sociis ur-
bibus auxilium ferret et quse Persarum adhuc praesidiis tene-
bantur, in libertatem vindicaret. Primum enim Eionem
Persarum jugo adhuc pressam dolo cepit, et terra marique
pari fortuna usus est. Qui labores erant Atheniensibus tole-
randi, perspicitur ex Herod., VII. 107." Bremi. This oc-
curred B. C. 476 (Ol. 76. 1), and not, as Bremi has it, Ol.
NOTES. 161
77. 3, 4. See Clinton and Thirlwall. rpels \i8lvovs *Ep/zas]
Hermse were square pillars of stone, ending in a head or
bust. There seems to have been a street or colonnade
lined with them at Athens, called the Stoa of the Hermce,
which led from the Poecile to the Stoa Basileios. See Cra-
mer's Ancient Greece, Vol. II. p. 320. Iva firj] Under-
stand doKfj flvai e7uy/>aju/za, found in the following clause.
These inscriptions were to be made upon the Hermse, but
not to contain the name of the persons honored by them.
184. T Hv apa] " T H*> pro rjcrav. Uberius de hac forma ex-
ponit Chceroboscus Anecdd. Becker, p. 1293." Bremi.
aWava] " raging," " consuming." As we say, " con-
suming hunger." Hp&roi .... dfjajxavirjv] "Primi om-
nium viam et rationem invenerunt, qua hostes
in consilii inopiam conjicerent." Jacobs.
186. rf)v a-roav rfjv TroiKiXrjv] " the picture Stoa." A large
hall in the agora at Athens, adorned with fresco paintings
of great national events, especially of the battle of Mara-
thon. See Cramer's Ancient Greece, Vol. II. p. 318.
187. MrjTpwa] See 75, note. KoiX?;?] An Attic
deme, belonging to the tribe Hippothoontis. ai/ayi/coo-erat]
Understand ypa/i/xareyy, as often. See 190, where it is
expressed.
189. Kcu'rot 7rw6dvofj.ai y', K. r. X.] Demosthenes, in his
reply ( 209), briefly alludes to the unfair use made by
^Eschines of these ancient deeds of renown in their early
history, but replies more fully to the comparison made be-
tween him and the ancient worthies near the close of his
speech ( 314-320), where, it is to be observed, he em-
ploys the same illustration of the two celebrated gymnastic
wrestlers as is here employed by ^Eschines. The coinci-
dence is so striking, as not only to create a suspicion, but
to render it almost certain, that jEschines added this pas-
sage after the reply of Demosthenes, when he published
14*
162 NOTES.
the oration. ^IKO^VOS TTJS dvdpayadias] " having attained
to their manly virtue."
191. "EpavAop] "Vocabulum subtiliter adhibetur turn de
sermone, quo tanquam tibife sono aures personant, turn de
re qualibet, cujus adhuc recens est memoria. Accurate
exposuit de vocabulo Rhunk. ad Tim. Lex., p. 100."
Bremi. ort rrjviKavra^ K. r. A.] The ypcxfrrj Trapavopcov was
regarded as the great safeguard of the democracy, since it
was designed to prevent all encroachment upon the consti-
tution of Solon. See 5, 6. Hence it is that ^Eschines
fixes upon this as the characteristic feature of the unjust
reign of the Thirty. ptovs] " having lived." Demos-
thenes (De Coron., 130) gives a very different account
of the father of J^schines from that here given. &*??]
Supply the object from the context (" gave me an account
of these things"). cwai OJJLOIOV TO 6vop.a KOI TO fpyov] " pari
culpa eos habitos fuisse, qui contra leges locuti
sint et egerint." Bremi.
192. Ti)v aKpoaa-iv] "the hearing of the cause." avtno-
difrv TOV ypaniLdTcd] " called back the clerk," " stopped the
clerk."
193. *H8;;] "at length," "finally." The appropriate
meaning of rj^. See 24, note.
194. 'E$' w, K. T. X.] The speech of Ctesiphon has not
been preserved, but Demosthenes makes use of this argu-
ment (^ 223-225). What is here said, I think, implies,
as already remarked in another case ( 35, note), that usage
was against law on this point. Ke^aXo?] A renowned
Athenian orator, who flourished during the Peloponnesian
war. See the reply of Demosthenes to this case of Ce-
phalus, 251. 01 StaTroXtrevo/ievot] "those belonging to
opposite parties in politics." The ypa^rj irapavo^v was
often abused, undoubtedly, by being employed as an instru-
ment for silencing a troublesome opponent. See Herm.
Polit. Antiq., 132.
NOTES. 163
195. KOI efX<- .... eve/>yecriG)z>] " and convicted him,
these good deeds having been recently performed by him."
ptvovrai\ That is, in the city. Opposed to favyovras,
above.
196. Kal T&V .... TrpvTaveiw] That is, " those citizens
who, either from personal or ancestral services to the state,
were honored with the privilege of taking their meals at
the Prytaneum at the public expense." Some of these, he
says, and their honored generals, were in the habit of beg-
ging off from (egairovvrai) trials for illegal measures. av
v7roAa/*/3ai/oire] " you should." A mild expression of a
command. K. 260. 2, (4), b.
197. Tis ovv .... a-dxfrpovi ;] "qusenam oratio con-
venit homini justo et sobrio, qui patroni partes
SUScipit ? " Bremi. clariij .... diKao-rrjpiov] Here ypcuprj
is nom. to the verb; but in 191 the person is expressed,
and is put in the nom. TO pev Trp&rov vdcop] "the first
measure of water." Referring to their method of measur-
ing time by the clepsydra or water-clock. In most causes,
a certain time was allotted to the speakers on each side, and
a certain time for fixing the penalty. rrj ivp^rrj i/^w] " at
the first vote," i. e. the vote as to his guilt or innocence.
After one was convicted, the question of the penalty still
remained to be discussed and determined upon. The ypcuprj
7rapav6fj,(ov belonged to the dy&ves Tip,r)Toi, or causes without a
specific penalty affixed. The accuser fixed the fine at a
certain sum (see the ypa^ of ^Eschines, Dem. de Coron.,
55), but the defendant, if convicted, had the right of
naming a counter penalty (di/rm/icu>, ajrm/^tns 1 ), and ot
discussing the question before the court. Herm. Polit. An-
tiq., 143. 10. TW peyetici .... i>fj.Tpas] " the measure
of your indignation," i. e. at the crime, which would be
expressed by the penalty they affixed to it.
198. rrjv -^YI^OV airet] " demands the vote," i. e. in his
favor. TrapaireTrcu] See eaiTovvrai t 196. rw 7rpu>rco
That is, on the question of his guilt or innocence.
164 NOTES.
alrel] " Flagitat, ut sua causa perjuriam adrnittatis ;
v6fj.ov cure!, flagitat, ut negligatis legem ; ftrjuoKpaTiav airet,
flagitat, ut a rationibus democratise deficiatis." Bremi.
aTravrav els rijv Tip.r)(riv] " to come to the question of fixing the
penalty."
199. p,fi eeu>ai .... (j)evyovrt] This he says, as will
be seen from what follows, to suggest to the judges the pro-
priety of refusing Demosthenes the opportunity of replying
to him as the awrjyopos of Ctesiphon. It is to this attempt
to prevent his speaking in self-defence that Demosthenes
refers in his reply, 13.
200. TO o-avtfiov] " this little tablet." Containing (see
201) the decree of Ctesiphon (^i}0i<r/uz) and the laws
violated by it written opposite (01 irapaycypanfievoi i/o/ioi), just
as the conflicting laws to be revised by the Nomothetse were
to be inscribed upon o-avifes (of which o-avifaov is the diminu-
tive), and exposed before the statues of the E pony mi (see
39). The tablet itself is specially mentioned, and then
its contents, because he is speaking of a rule of judgment,
which he had illustrated by the rule of the mechanic. Sin-
gularly enough, we have no account of o-avidiov, nor of o-tu/t-
Sey (except in the sense of doors], in Smith's Diet. Antiq.
Nor have I been able to find a good account of them in any
of the common books which treat of such matters. wrep-
Tr^Sjjo-ay] " 'YTrepTTTjSai/, levi pede aliquid prseterire et
migrare quasi rem parvi momenti." Bremi. *a-
Kovpyov civdponrov] That is, Demosthenes.
201. Tt'y .... Ao'ycoz/;] " What now is the preventive of
such speeches ? " i. e. such as he had said Ctesiphon would
make, i. e. a mere sham speech, neglecting the whole merits
of the case, and then calling on Demosthenes. We see
how much ^Eschines feared the reply of Demosthenes.
7rapavayv)vai~\ " to read in connection, or in comparison
with." In order that he might be brought back to consider
the true merits of the case, namely, how these could be
shown to be consistent. p) Trpoo-Trot^rat] The negative is
NOTES. 165
with the principal verb (as it often is in Greek, especially
with (frdvat and other words which imply speaking or think-
ing), instead of being with the infin. K. 318, R. 4.
202. iiaXia-Ta /LteV] " especially," " above all things," " if
possible." It is responded to by Av 8', below.
pfvov] "inquiring," i. e. of the court. KaXet,
" Perspicitur hinc, quantum fuerit populi Atheniensis stu-
dium Demosthenis audiendi, quum, simul ac quis ejus men-
tionem fecerat, solerent alta voce clamare, ut vocetur et
progrediatur orator." Bremi.
203. aTropwraros] " inertissimus, stolidissimus.
"Anopos interdum is dicitur, qui propter ingenii tarditatem nil
expedire queat." Bremi.
205. OVTCO 8rj, K. r. X.] Demosthenes, in his reply, fol-
lows the order of the charges in the indictment, in which,
by an oversight, ^Eschines had placed the denial of his
merits as a public man first, which was just the topic
Demosthenes wished to treat first, and refer all the others to.
See Dem. de Coron., 56 - 60. ercpw .... irpay^d-
T<OV] " by an introduction of other things." It cannot be
denied that this is the general character of the reply of
Demosthenes. The written laws were certainly against
him, and hence on the law points he could only plead a
certain extenuating usage. See 35.
206. irfpl TTJS orao-ecos] " about their relative position,"
i. e. for instance, which should have his face turned towards
the sun and which from it, or which towards the wind and
which from it, &c. So, he goes on to say, they should
insist upon a certain arrangement (ragtas) in the reply of
Demosthenes. vnep .... ircpt] A fine illustration of
the difference between these prepositions. See 9, note.
Trcpu'oTGur&u] " to go around," " turn aside." eyKadq/Lte-
voi KOL evebpevovTcs] " His verbis indicatur diligentissime
ipsis a dolis et callidis fallaciis hominis fraudulent! cavendum
esse." Bremi. Compare Pop. Orat, II. 18.
166 NOTES.
207. 'Eireurdgci .... TroAtreiV] " Well, then, he (i. e.
Ctesiphon) will introduce this juggler cutpurse and sun-
derer of the constitution." These terms are not used in
their literal sense, but with reference to his wizard-like
power as a speaker. See Dem. de Coron., 276, seq.
yap is explicative, as often. K. 324. 2, b. /zerajSaAAo'/ie-
vos] " changing," i. e. from tears and protestations to re-
proaches and maledictions. \m avTrjs .... Sir/pifyirj/neVovs']
" distinguished by the truth," i. e. by the true distinction,
" taken in the most comprehensive sense."
208. K Traifcias] " from their liberal culture," " from
their generous nature." iirlopKos u>i/] " being a perjured
man." irpbs TOVS avrovs] " before the same persons."
The principle here stated, about the effect of frequent
oaths or protestations upon one's credibility, is a sound
one.
209. Ufpiypd-^are .... TroAireias] "exclude me from
civil privileges." Bremi remarks upon this : " ^Eschines
affectare videtur orationem flebilis hominis et timidi, qui
ipse perspicit civibus non solum jus esse, sed officium eum
puniendi, sed ita eos flagitat hoc jure uti, ut deminuto honore
ipse tamen salvus evadat." 7rpopd\\6}j.vos] " throwing
before it," " in the way of protection." These interroga-
tories are designed as a taunt upon Demosthenes in failing
to protect the city against Philip. *EKAITTG>I/ /MI/ .... TTO-
Aeojy] " Sensus est : urbe relicta non in Pirreo domicilium,
ut videtur, constituisti, sed opportunum locum elegisti, unde,
quando tibi placet, peregre abeas." Bremi.
210. OVK dTip.r)Tos] The influence of Oi>x in the previous
clause extends to this as well as the following ("is not
the action not one with a definite penalty affixed ? "). See
197, note.
211. p,av\s] " having become mad," i. e. having lost all
sense of propriety. eVl roiavTrjs dicaipias] "so unreason-
ably," " on so unfitting an occasion." The preposition
NOTES. 167
with its case has the force of an adverb, as often. Kaipbv\
Referring to the unhappy condition of the country brought
about by his policy. eWparo] Lit, " cut off the hair,"
and hence, as cutting off the hair was a sign of grief, " griev-
ed," " mourned." Kadappa T]\OTVTTOVV dpfrrjv] " wretch
hating virtue." See the same epithet applied to ^Eschines
by Demosthenes, De Coron., 128.
212. favTov diaxpr]o-r]Tat] Lit., " will use himself up,"
i. e. " will kill himself," "commit suicide." rrjs irpbs v^as
(j)i\oTifjLias] " honor in your eyes." Observe that 777)6$- u/zas,
by being placed between the article and its noun, acquires
an attributive meaning (lit., " the lefore-you honor "). K.
244. 10. OVTOS] Ctesiphon. KarareY/^Ke] " has cut in
pieces," " hacked." Alluding to the blows on the head
which he says Demosthenes had received at different times,
and had been satisfied with merely the pecuniary satisfac-
tion obtained by an appeal to law. See 51. These re-
peated allusions to the brutal assaults of Meidias and others
upon Demosthenes are exceedingly ungentlemanly, not to
say mean. There is nothing in the reply of Demosthenes
which approaches them in scurrility. ov Kf<pa\f)v, aXXa
irp6croov\ " not a head, but a revenue," i. e. it served him
as a revenue rather than as a head.
214. c[jL7r\r)giav] " Dicitur de iis, qui tonitru tanguntur.
Hinc tropice de iis, qui non sunt sana3 mentis." Bremi.
Ka.TfyvwK.6ras dXX^Xcoj/ aSiKeiv] " having condemned each other
for crime."
215. dvoio-eiv eV e/ie] That is, will make use of his con-
nection with them against him.
216. aXXa KOI .... Sta/3aXXei] See Dem. de Coron.,
^ 307, seq. Iv^eiKvv^vos .... e'x^pai/] " displaying my-
self to Alexander on account of his (Alexander's) enmity to
him (Demosthenes)." Demosthenes does not, as I recol-
lect, formally make this charge in any place.
217. TO Ke(f)d\aiov] "summam et scopum rationis
168 NOTES.
civil is." Bremi. Much stress, and with great justice, is
laid upon this point by Demosthenes. He asks why, now
that the evil is all done, he comes with his sweeping
charges, and did not object to his measures when they were
proposed. This thought, besides being alluded to in sev-
eral other places, runs through all that portion (perhaps the
most masterly part) of the speech from 188 to 210.
218. 2i> 8* . . . . KfKpayas] " Whereas you, I opine, are
silent when you have received, but clamor having spent,"
i. e. his public speaking was prompted, not by love of his
country, but by the hope of securing a bribe by it. See
the turn which Demosthenes gives this, De Coron., 82.
219. en fciXtWov, K. r. X.] See 12, note. OUTTCO o-ov,
K. T. X.] See 77, note.
220. /cat rfv d&uo-iv .... SrjjjiOKpaTias] " and taking this
maxim, not from a democracy, but from a different civil
polity (i. e. an oligarchy), you think to escape our observa-
tion." How this principle belongs to oligarchies, he pro-
ceeds to show in what follows. Karrjyopfl] " brings accu-
sations." I retain the MS. reading in preference to the
conjecture of Becker, Sq/^yo/jei, because, although speaking
of harangues before the people, still it is rather as accusa-
tions than in a general sense that they are referred to.
dia xpovov] " after a length of time," i. e. " occasionally."
o-Tjfjiflov ea-Tiv .... TToXircvofiei/ov] " is a sign of a man
engaging in public duties out of regard to the occasions and
advantage of his country"
221. 'YTrep fie, AC. r. X.] Demosthenes often alludes to
the fact, that ^Eschines had never brought him to trial for
any of the misdeeds which he now charges upon him. See
De Coron., 15, 251, et al. Ta /zeV yap irepl TOVS 'A/i^icro-e'df
.... KOI ra Trepi, K. T. X.] The charges here referred to
have been discussed at length in the previous parts of the
oration, but I am not aware that there is any account of
^schines having brought Demosthenes to trial for them in
any other author.
NOTES. 169
222. TO de nepl ras r/nqpei?, K. r. X.] Reference is here
made to the reform of the Trierarchy by Demosthenes,
while superintendent of the navy, which he (De Coron.,
102109) boasts of as a great improvement, and as
having been carried through with integrity, when he might
have received any sum as a bribe for desisting ; while
^Eschines here claims to have convicted him of having by
his arrangement, in collusion with the trierarchs, diminished
their number sixty-five, and taken hush-money (dpTrdypzra)
for it. Demosthenes (De Coron., 103) alludes to a prose-
cution which grew out of the case, and ( 4 312) accuses Ms-
chines of having received a talent from those interested in
defeating his measure for his services in the cause. In
alluding to these conflicting representations of the case,
Boeckh (Pub. Econ. Ath., p. 574) says, " Which shall
posterity believe, when it wishes to form a judgment from
the accounts of deceitful orators? It appears to me that
the statement of Demosthenes is defended by the fact itself,
and the general opinion concerning his whole public life."
rr)v ev .... eviKrjcrav] " De re vide Diodor. Sic. XV.
34." Bremi.
223. Ouro) 8e TOIS alriais eV</>paay, K. r. X.] " Sensus
est : Quum tibi poena metuenda sit, tu partibus mutatis,
accusas eos, qui te in judicium produxerunt, ita ut, quamvis
ipsi sint insontes, ob calliditatem tuam et perfidiam in maxi-
mo discrimine ve'rsentur, tu autem quasi innoxius evades."
Bremi.
224. rrjv 'Avagivov .... KaTfovcevacra?] "did you not get
up the seizure of Anaxinus ? " That is, in order to escape
the etVayyeXia with which he was threatened. This Anaxi-
nus was taken as a spy in concert with JEschines (see Dem.
de Coron., 137), and, as it would seem, was condemned
to death for the offence. What is here said about his hav-
ing been brought to trial by Demosthenes, who had pre-
viously been his friend, is nothing to the discredit of Demos-
15
170 NOTES.
thenes, if he was now in the service of the enemies of his
country. Anaxinus seems to have visited Macedonia under
the pretence of carrying wares to Olympias, the wife of
Philip, where he entered into arrangements with Philip to
act as a spy at Athens. rovs TTJS noXews a\as] Lit. " the
salt of the city," i. e., as to have eaten salt together was the
sign of friendship and of sacred obligations to each other,
" the duty owed to the city," " fidelity to the city."
225. *E7TiTa eTrcpmTav /ze, AC. r. X.] The language here is
so entirely like that employed by Demosthenes (De Coron.,
243), that there can be little doubt that this, with many
other passages, especially in this latter part of the ora-
tion, were added by ^Eschines after the reply of Demos-
thenes had been made. evara] " offerings made to the
dead on the ninth day after the funeral." For the funeral
services among the Greeks, see Becker's Charicles, p. 286.
226. rovs <rvKo(j)avTr)6evTas fK rrjs TroXireiay] "qui per
calumnias a rerum publicarum administratione
depulsi sunt. Demosthenes irfpi 2rec/>., p. 273, jungit
eadem, ni fallor, significatione vTroo-KeXifcw *ai o-vKoc/xu/reii/."
Bremi.
227. eVrautf' eWon^v, K. T. X.] This defence of himself
in allowing Demosthenes to go on in a course of pernicious
acts, which, years afterwards, he called him to account for,
(viz., that he and others were driven from a participation
in public affairs by his quarrelsome habits,) is certainly a
very lame one, but shows the reluctance which was felt at
encountering Demosthenes.
228. &v eyw .... /idXtora] " Hsec verba, ob duplicem
attractionem obscuriora, in hunc modum resolvas : TOVTUV
a eyu> 7rvvddvofj.ai A^/zocr^eV^i/ Xeeii>, eVt rovro> dyavaKra> p.d\ terra.
V. C. F. R." Bremi. rrjs yhp alrlas] Governed by TO
epyov (" not to be able to prove the reality of the accusa-
tion").
229. KOI TTjv .... <l>v<nv\ " and envying the nature of
NOTES. 171
his opponents on this account," i. e. because they could
speak so much better than he could. o>s fow^/cei/] " as if
he had done them." e ovopdrtav .... 7repie/>ya>i>] " a
man made up of words, and these bitter and over- wrought."
" Contra has ^Eschinis criminationes defendit Demosthenem
Dionysius Halicarn. Trepl rrjs XeKTt/cf^ A^fioa^eVov? SfivoTTjTos
c. 55." Bremi. Ou rr]v y\S>TTav, K. r. X.] " Demadis hie
fertur jocus fuisse in Athenienses : Aq/jadq? TOVS 'AfywuW
e'lKa^ev av\dis t &>i> ei ris d<pe\oi TTJV yXoarrai/j TO \oiirbv ovdev fan.
Faceta sane comparatio ! Quod si enim hoc tempore Athe-
nienses erant satis loquentes diserti, plerumque etiam glo-
riosi, in agendo tamen inertissimi et languore suo et desidia
nimium quantum verborum vanitatem testabantur." Bremi.
By y\3rrrav here is meant the mouth-piece of the flute, which
was usually taken off when the instrument was not in use.
230. yvmpr)] Meaning the same as ^fao-pa, as often.
See 3, note. eVm^etos] " fit," " deserving." For the
infin. following, see K. 306. 1, c. evdvvai /3/ov] " cen-
sura morum." Reisk. If he was acquitted, all offenders
must be. 8ia TO geviKots .... rrjv fjptpav] " because this
day has been devoted to foreign crowns," i. e. the day of
the great Dionysiac festival. See 47, 48.
231. T&V /Liera .... eVeio-ayoi/rwy] " those immediately
after this introducing their plays," i. e. after the proclama-
tion of the crown of Demosthenes, dpa^ara is to be under-
stood as the object of eVeio-ay6Vra>i>. Trocfjcrfiev] " should
make," " represent." For the character of Thersites, see
Horn. II., II. 212, seq. eV raw .... 8o'aiy] "in the
thoughts or opinions of the Greeks," i. e. if not in words.
dvcTiGeo-av] " attributed to." irepiQeivai] " to confer it upon,"
" devolve it upon." dSoglav is to be supplied from the pre-
vious clause.
232. /caXojy TTotowres] Lit. " doing well," but it does not
necessarily imply any merit of one's own, but the favor of
fortune ; hence, " by the favor of fortune," " by the blessing
172 NOTES.
of God." See Dem. de Coron., 231 ; Olynth. II., 27.
Demosthenes (De Coron., 207) reasons just the reverse
of ^Eschines here, that by condemning him they would
condemn themselves. TO iravrav droTrooraroi'] A pre-
paratory ace. explained by what follows. See 161, note.
rovs pfv .... aKio-Kopeitovs] " those convicted in the
actions for bribery." The more common construction of
a\icrKeo-dai is either with the gen. or part., and I do not find
the construction with the ace. referred to in any of the
grammars in common use, though it occurs, 50, and is
recognized in the Lexicon of Liddell and Scott. TOVS ^v
.... Aioi/vo-iW] " Eosdem intelligit, quos Demosthenes
in Mid., p. 520, appellat TOVS K/HTOS r<5 dy&vi T&V avbp&v :
qui judices sedebant certaminis, eumque coronabant, qui
praBstantissimus judicatus erat." Bremi. KVK\IOVS] Com-
monly interpreted like eyxv/eXtot, " cyclic," " appointed for
a regular period," "annual," but in Smith's Diet. Anliq.,
41 circular," from the original practice of dancing around a
blazing altar as they sang.
233. avTos] That is, the judge who has given his vote
for one wrongfully. o~vp.irapaKo\ov6>v OVTOV XuTreT] " Juris-
jurandi violatio perpetua memoria, furiarum instar, con-
scientiam terret et vexat." Bremi.
234. dp.(f)6T(pa] A preparatory ace. governed by the
general idea of doing contained in the two following verbs.
See 232, note. KaTopOovv .... els TTJV sFoXirctay] " to
be fortunate and yet to be in danger with regard to our
civil polity." How this is he explains in what follows.
fopa <ad' rjfjias prjTopw] " a harvest of orators in our time,"
i. e. a great number. See <opa in this sense, Dem. de
Coron., 61. TO di^oo-top] " the democracy," " the dem-
ocratic form of government." <o\aK(v6fjivos] Agrees with
&7/ZOS- understood.
235. evioi fie .... eyeVovro] " and these very ones were
some of the Thirty," i. e. the Thirty Tyrants, who were estab-
NOTES. 173
lished in power at Athens by Lacedsemon, at the close of
the Peloponnesian war, and who ruled as with a rod of iron.
cTreticTo] " set himself to," " undertook."
236. Toi) yap .... e^et] " for to have been the cause
of our needing these repairs conveys a greater censure
than the credit of their having been well made." This ap-
pears to be the meaning of the passage, expressed some-
what more fully than in the text. ovde .... ai/eAoVra]
" nor even in violating the public sepulchres." When the
walls of Athens were built, under Themistocles, such was
the urgency, for fear of the interference of the Lacedemo-
nians to prevent their being reared, that all the inhabitants,
of all classes, were set to work upon them, and directed to
urge them forward without regard to any place, whether
sacred or profane ; so that they were said to be built of
altars and sepulchres. See Cornel. Nepos, Themist., c.
VI. In repairing the walls, therefore, there would neces-
sarily be a disturbance of the public sepulchres.
237. a^ai TO>V fpyow] " seize upon (come to) the realities
or facts." See 101. ras alrias] " the causes." See
137. TO rrjs TToXews .... TrepiriGfls] " ascribing the
dignity of the city to Demosthenes," i. e. the dignity and
authority which he had as an ambassador of the city to
Thebes, and which enabled him to succeed in his mission.
He seems determined to strip Demosthenes of the honor
universally accorded to him for his success on this mission.
239. OVTOS] That is, the king of Persia, when pressed
by Alexander. His situation, he says, led him, even against
his declaration, to make the offer, for the sake of secur-
ing allies, just as the situation of the Thebans led them
to accept the alliance of Athens. ra 5* cjSdo/zqKoira ....
vn-oo-tttTTOff] " Hsec omnia nonnisi ex adversariis Demosthe-
nis cognita habemus, ut incertum sit, num fidem ullam me-
reantur. Ipsa certe narratio est tenebricosa." Bremi.
240. eveKa Trevre .... irapeSo<rav ;] " did not the mer-
15*
174 NOTES.
cenary soldiers deliver up the citadel to the Thebans for
five talents ? " That is, as Wolf supposes, the Cadmeia,
probably upon the occasion referred to below, when they
were to be assisted by the Arcadians in throwing off the
Macedonian yoke. The idea intended to be conveyed both
by this and the following case is, that they required a much
smaller bribe than Demosthenes did. KOI rais fjdovats ....
Xopyyets] " and you gratify your appetites." For this sense
of f]8ovai, see Xen. Mem., I. 2. 23, Kuhner's note.
241. ftapvTfpov .... yiyverai] " what is heard becomes
more intolerable than the actual evils which you have suf-
fered." Demosthenes was aware of the diffipulty and deli-
cacy of the task of defending himself, and anticipates the
objection on this score in the introduction to his speech.
242. TTJS avaia-xvvTov TrpaypaTfias] " the shameless busi-
ness," i. e. of calling on Demosthenes to assist him in the de-
fence. He thinks it would be altogether better forCtesiphon
to make his own defence. See 200, seq. vTre'/mi/as ....
reAeurj/] " having allowed yourself as an ambassador
.... to be chosen to express sympathy," &c. This
daughter of Philip had married Alexander, king of the
Molossians, in Epirus, who was slain in Italy (B. C. 331),
in assisting the Tarentines against the Brutti. /uo-dov]
" for pay," i. e. from Demosthenes. It is gen. of price.
243. oio? /XT) .... TreTTovBoTwv] " such as not to be
known by those who have been benefited by him." For
the infin. after ofos, see K. 306. 1, c. The negative is />;,
and not ov, because it is merely a supposed case. K. 318.
3. popav] " a division." This was the war called the
Corinthian (B. C. 394). dia rbv . . . . KepKvpav] " on
account of that circuitous voyage to Corcyra." He
went first to Thrace after vessels, and then south, round
the Peloponnesus, to Corcyra, which he subjugated to
Athens, B. C. 376 (the same year as the battle of Naxos),
in what was called the Boeotian war.
NOTES. 175
244. dvTfpov] " ask in turn." <rxrXia<[bi/ras] " com-
plaining bitterly," " deeply distressed." x>P* ls T o-co/zaros]
" apart from the body." As though it were foreign to the
body and an enemy to it.
245. TTJV Trawa-rar-qv e|o5oi/] " Intelligit fatalem illam ex-
peditionem, quse clade Chteronensi finita est." Bremi.
rr]v 5e p,vf)/j.r)v eViXeiVouo-ai/] " while (de) there is no grateful
remembrance of them."
246. TraiSeuet] " instructs," i. e. goes through the forms
of instruction, and hence " attempts to instruct." aXXa TO
.... oi/o/ia^erat] " but in this case certainly (#817) to ad-
monish is justly called to vex."
248. TOVS TrpoKaraXauPdvovTcis .... ovo/idYooi/] u those
preoccupying all the popular and generous-sounding names."
Such as are named in what follows. Such persons, he says,
ought to be suspected of having a corresponding meanness
of life. as ml TTO\V] plerumque, scepissime, or, according
to some, sape, while as eVi TO TroXv (which is found here in
two MSS.) is scepissime. See Xen. Mem., I. 1. 10 ; also
Jelf's K. 870, R. 4.
249. ray /3e/3aiaxr? TQ>V ^r^juarcoj/] " at /3e/3ataxreis SUttt
pignora, quse dari solebant in emendo et vendendo. Cen-
tessima enirn pretii pars deponebatur in fidem, si lis exori-
retur inter emtorem et venditorem. Hsec sum ma dicebatur
dgioxpfvs. Hinc jubetur orator, qui publice velit coronari,
provocare ad vitam fide dignam et laude, venditoris instar,
qui fidem suam prsestat. Ex eodem genere petitum est
/MJ) e/3atoC're TOVS ciralvavs, ne confirmate laudes."
Bremi.
251. irapavoias eaXco/cws-] "convicted of folly or dotage."
Like a superannuated person. See 156 ; also Xen. Mem.,
I. 2. 49. T&V d' . . . . TrapaKfx^prjKfv'] " white from the
realities (i. e. in fact) you have retired for others," i. e.
they had given up to ambitious leaders every thing except
the name of the democracy. dXX' .... pnpcyiciiQi] " but,
176 NOTES.
as if from a picnic, having distributed among yourselves
what remains," i. e. of the public money, &c.
252. cKeWev .... 00)pr]a-ar] " behold the proof hence,"
i. e. from what follows. 'EyeWro Tir] " there was one,"
i. e. formerly. It is supposed that the reference is to one
Autolycus. "Erepos fi'] Leocrates, who, after the battle
of Cheeroneia, fled in a cowardly manner to Rhodes, and
on his return, eight years afterwards, was brought to trial,
and barely escaped conviction by a tie vote. pia] Under-
stand \lrrj<j>os.
253. aTroTTf/n/'fTe] " send away," " rid the country of,"
i. e. as a homo piacularis. See 131. o>s . . . . TrAeWa]
" as a pirate of the public transactions, sailing through
the constitution upon names," i. e. having undermined the
democracy while professing great attachment to it, and con-
cealing their true character, by a studious use of democratic
terms. See 248. ^Eschines is liable to the same charge
of harshness of metaphor here, which he several times cen-
sures in Demosthenes.
254. 'H/iepooi/ pfv .... cruAAe'yr&u] " jEschines signifi-
cat consilium Amphictyonum et certamina Pythica eodem
fere tempore habita esse : quod eo probilius est, quum Am-
phictyones prsesiderent his ludis. Non tamen eodem mense
singulis annis videntur locum habuisse, plerumque tamen
mense Elaphebolione (Martio)." Bremi.
255. p) z/e'/xerf, dXAa Kpivfre] " Idem est ac si dixisset ve-
/Here Kpivovrcs, cum judicio tribuete, re pensitata, num
honorem meritus sit is, qui eum appetit." Bremi. /
j^AiAcm] " in youth." When it was customary to engage in
sporting and gymnastic exercises to invigorate and establish
the constitution, which, however, he goes on to say, Demos-
thenes spent in studying tricks against the wealthy, or those
having the estates (TOVS ras ova-ias KeKTrjpevovs). Referring,
perhaps, more particularly to the reform which Demosthenes
afterwards made in the law of the Trierarchy (De Coron.,
NOTES. 177
102 - 109), which compelled the rich to perform their
part of this public burden.
256. 'AAX' els .... a7ro/3Xe\//-ai/Tff] This seems to refer
back and respond to &ia/3Ae\^cn>res els vp.as avrovs, and hence
requires that povXevo-ao-Qe should be supplied from that sen-
tence. The exact correspondence of the two sentences,
however, is disturbed by the long intervening parenthesis.
aTToa-Trja-at Se 'AKapyaras 1 ] That is, from Philip. KTr\rjai
Se Qr]f3aiovs dr)p.r)yopr)<ras] For the effect of the eloquence of
Demosthenes upon the Thebans, see Plutarch's Life of De-
mosthenes. IIei0ob] " Persuasion," personified. This is
said because Demosthenes claimed to have accomplished
such wonders by his eloquence.
257. vTTo\a^avT 6pav\ " imagine that you see." This
summoning before them the worthies of the past, to sustain
them in resisting the impudence of Demosthenes and his
associates, is happily conceived, and executed in a manner
worthy of a great orator.
258. ras Qvyarepas] " Duas reliquit filias, quse a populo,
teste Plutarcho in Aristidis vita, dotem acceperunt ter mille
drachmarum." Bremi. "ApQptov] See Dem. Phil. III.,
43. Trap* ovdcv pev rjKBov aTTOKreiz/ai] " by nothing did
they come from killing him," like the Latin : minimum
aberat, quin interficerent,, i. e. his punishment was equal to
death.
260. & yrj Kai 17X1?, K. T. X.] Demosthenes (De Coron.,
127) seizes upon these words, as furnishing, on account
of their flippant, pretending character, a fit occasion for
returning the ridicule which ^Eschines, in several places,
has bestowed upon his language. peporjQrjKa] " I have
come to your aid," i. e. of virtue, knowledge, and education.
This close compares with that of the reply of Demosthenes
very much as the oration, as a whole, compares with that.
It is much more flippant and pretending, with much less
real earnestness and solemnity.
INDEX TO THE NOTES.
I. NAMES AND SUBJECTS.
Abstract nouns in connection
with concrete, 25.
Adjectives formed from proper
names, 66.
j^Eschines, his father, 191 ;
his dread of the reply of De-
mosthenes, 201 ; additions
made by him to his speech
after delivery, 189, 225 ;
never brought Demosthenes
to trial before, 217, 221.
Age of majority at Athens, 122.
Alexander, king of Macedonia,
242.
Alliances obtained by Demos-
thenes for resisting Philip,
84, 91 ; of Athens with
Phocis, 118 ; with Thebes,
137, seq.
Allies of Athens, their duties,
94.
Athene Pronoia, 108.
Amphictyonic war against Am-
phissa, origin of, 116; Am-
phictyonic KK\rj(ria, 124.
Annual revision of the laws at
Athens, 38, 39.
Anticipations of what an oppo-
nent would say, 13.
Antipater, 72.
Array of past worthies by j?Es-
chines, 181, 257.
Article repeated with two words
in expressing distinct ideas, I.
Attention of Demosthenes to the
ambassadors of Philip.
Callias, the Eubcean, 85, seq.
Cephalus, 194.
Chalcis, 85.
Cimon, his expedition to Thrace,
183.
Cleitarchus, 103.
Cleophon, 150.
Clepsydra in courts, 197.
Confirmation of the treaty with
Philip by the allies, 73.
Council of the allies at Athens,
and their action relative to the
peace of Philocrates, 58.
Courts held in the agora at
Athens, 1.
Crissa or Cirrha, 107.
Crobulus, 118.
Crowns, where proclaimed at
Athens, 35 ; devoted to
Athene, 46.
Current opinion against the cor-
ruption of Demosthenes, 59.
Demosthenes, time of being ap-
pointed Tfixojroios, 23, 27 ;
deserts his post in the battle
of Chseroneia, 159 ; promi-
nent trait of his character,
160 ; harshness of his meta-
phors, 72, 166 ; receives gold
of the king of Persia, 173,
239 ; a stanch democrat, 9 1 ,
168; famous for his long
decrees, 100 ; compared to
a flute by ^Eschines, 229.
Destruction of Thebes describ-
ed, 157.
180
INDEX.
Doldmasia, 15.
Elateia, 140.
Embassy of Demosthenes to
the Peloponnesus, 97.
Eretria, 85.
Eubcean Congress, 89, 94.
Eubulus, 25.
Euthyni, 9, 14, 15.
Expedition of Aristodemus to
Magnesia, 83.
Expedition to expel the Thebans
from Eubcea, 85.
Extravagance of the charges of
^Eschines against Demosthe-
nes, 104, 150.
Festivals of Dionysus at Athens,
68.
Frauds in appointing the presid-
ing officers in the Assembly at
Athens, 3.
Future after historical tense, 90 ;
mid. in passive sense, 123 ;
with verbs qf willing, 152.
Generals at Athens, their fac-
tious character, 7.
Gylon, 171.
Halonesus, 83.
Hand of the suicide buried apart
from the body by the Athe-
nians, 244.
Hegemon, 28.
Hermae at Athens, 183.
Hieromnemons, 115.
Ill-fortune of Demosthenes, 114,
132.
Intransitive constructed like pas-
sive verbs, 53.
Irregular proceedings in the
Athenian courts and assem-
blies, 1-4.
Issus, battle of, 164.
Kephisodotus, 51.
Kersobleptes, why not included
in the treaty of peace with
Philip, 65.
Lacedaemonians, their connec-
tion with the Phocian war,
133.
Logistae, 9, 14, 15; passing
accounts before, 23.
Magistrates, their responsibility
at Athens, 9; appointment
of, 13, 14 ; kinds of, 29.
Margites, 160.
Meidias, character and connec-
tion with Demosthenes, 52.
Mourning with the Greeks, 77.
Murder of Philip, 160.
Negative after negative verbs,
35 ; double in Greek, 47 ;
with the principal verb in-
stead of the infinitive, 201.
Nikaea, 140.
Nomothetae, 39.
Opt, with av for fut., 196.
Order of speaking in the Assem-
bly at Athens, 2.
Oropus, 85.
Paronomasia, 78.
Peace of Philocrates, 58.
Periods into which ^Eschines
divides the public life of De-
mosthenes, 54, 55.
Periphrasis with iroielv and an
adjective, 73.
Periphrastic form expressing a
condition, 58.
Personalities in ^Eschines and
Demosthenes, 174.
Philip's leniency to Athens, 131.
Phrynondasand Eurybatus, 137.
Places of proclaiming crowns at
Athens, 35.
Plutarch us, 86.
Pnyx, 34.
Popular assembly at Athens, 2.
Preparatory ace., 161, 232.
Preposition with its case used
adverbially, 211 ; attribu-
tively, 212.
Present tense denoting an at-
tempt, 246.
Proedri, Prytanes, &c., 3.
Prosecution for wounding, 51.
Public records at Athens, where
kept, 75.
Py] agorae, 113.
Pythia, 108.
Relation between Athens and
Thebes, 139.
INDEX.
181
Reply of Demosthenes to
chines, its general character
and order of its topics, 205.
Senate at Athens, 2.
Serrium, Doriscum, &c., 82.
Sons of those slain in battle at
Athens maintained at public
expense, 154.
Special suits at Athens, 4.
Subj. after historical tense, 2 ;
with Trpiv without oV, 60.
Sweeping charges of corruption
made by .^Eschines against
Demosthenes, 91.
Tamyna?, 86.
Thebes, its relation to the Boeo-
tian towns, 142.
Thesmothetse, 13, 38.
Thrasybulus, 181.
Time of the trial of Ctesiphon,
12.
Treasurers at Athens, 27.
Trierarchs, 19.
Trierarchy, reform of, by Demos-
thenes, 222.
Vision of Demosthenes at the
death of Philip, 77.
Walls of Athens, how built by
Themistocles, 236.
Zeugma, 7, 21.
II. GREEK WORDS AND PHRASES.
dyopd, " meeting of the tribes or
denies," 27.
ay coves drtp/roi, 197.
atpeiv, " to convict," with ace.
and gen., 157.
aXXd, " yet," 133, 155 ; oZv,
" anyhow," 11 ; after
eWeiS^, 86.
a\i<TKo-dai, pass, of a/peii/, 24 ;
with infin., 50 ; with
ace., 50, 232.
d\irr)pios, 131.
&v omitted with indie, of hist.
tenses, 2.
dif., 164.
for 6 avdpcoTros, 99.
evs, 25.
Karayiy voter Ke iv,
dif.', 60.
if, 25.
y, d/ro, 100.
(frepav, " at one sweep,"
143.
ri'a, 13.
i, 128.
,_, *, 249.
yap, explicative, 207 ; yap av,
147.
16
ypa<p?j, construction with eto-te-
vcu, 197.
ypcuprj Trapai/ojLteov, safeguard of
the democracy, 191 ; abuse
of, 194.
Se, introducing several succes-
sive clauses with indignation,
181.
&e'xe<r$ai nvt rt, 111.
877, resumptive, 57.
os, 168.
ia, 146.
personal instead of imper-
sonal, 2.
1 , 91.
ta, 3.
ourcoy, dif., 59.
vayr]s, with gen., 110.
takes augment before
the preposition, 44.
r), change of construction
after, 69.
eVi, " upon condition of," 170.
eVtXay^eii/, meaning of, 62.
67Tir?7etof, with infin., 230.
7ri,<pepe(r0ai, " to bring a dow-
er," 172.
"reality," 228.
" fearlessly," 118.
182
INDEX.
/, 170.
Evpnros avdpvTTos, " an incon-
stant man," 90.
f(f) y wav, " in our age," 132.
7)yfjLovta TOV diKaaTijpiov, 14.
77877, usage, 24, 193.
77801/01, " passions," 240.
771;, for 77o-ai/, 184.
fjTot . . . . jjf, usage, 40.
l<Txvpifo-0ai, meaning of, 56.
TToioCi/rey, usage, 232.
" sacred baskets," 120.
kara, " concerning," 50.
Ka.Ta\ipoTovia, 52.
K\7TTiv, " to deceive," 99.
/cX?7pa>rat, 15.
\dyx avflv t with inlin., " to have
the lot to be something," 28.
Xoyoy, cvdvvai, dif., 15.
/ieV, " if possible," 202.
" in size," 17, 77.
.. Se, usage, 12 ;
---- 6V ---- Se ---- Se, 19,
31.
with part., 12.
/^, interrogative, 21 ; with
part., 87 ; (or ^ ou) with
infin. after certain verbs, 35;
on, usage, 46.
i/tai>, usage, 63, 72.
oloi/, " for instance," 18.
01 TTfpi rt, for a concrete noun,
29.
oXiyov Sflv, 165.
, usage, 5.
opyrj, meaning of, 4.
otrrty, instead of ojcrre, 59.
ov HTJ, how resolved, 177.
ovde . ct>K, 78.
ovre, /i^re, dif., 127.
Traprjvofjici, augment, 77.
TTfpippavrrjpia, 176.
Trpa-y/xareta, " commission," 13.
7rpo(r/3i/3aVii', 7rpo/3i^3a^e/, dif.,
93.
7rpo<Tx lv i usage, 65.
Trpcoroi/, followed by irpwrov and
Sevrepoj/, expressing subdi-
visions, 142.
o-ai/i'Stoj/, 200.
cravls, 39.
ev ra> TTpvrai/eta) , 196.
183 ; TTOIAC/XJ;,
, summis viribus, 100.
o-aj/ia, u person," 18, 28.
ra oXa, 133.
, 14.
" finally," 72.
Trepi, dif., 9, 206.
, meaning of, 200.
in conformity with,"
<TTT)\T], 70.
(rroa '
186.
23.
(/>e'po>j/, " speedily," 82, 89.
<f)v\rj 7rpoe6pevoucra, 3.
is-, with part, expressing the
supposed reason, 142.
c }\ /I ** i e i
(as aArjacoff, 1D1.
a>y apa, 54, 137.
wy eVt TroXv, plerumque, 248.
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