THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES QUORSUM? THE CRY OF HUMAN SUFFERING ^ ^ocm BY FREDERICK W. RAGG, M.A. VICAR OF MASWORTH FORMERLY OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE LonHon RIVINGTON, PERCIVAL & CO. 1894 PR ^ Co THE LADY ROTHSCHILD AND THE HON. ALFRED AND MRS. TALBOT YOU WHO HAVE ' KNOWN MY SOUL IN ADVERSITY ' ADD THIS TO MY MANY REASONS FOR AFFECTION AND ESTEEM THAT YOU PERMIT ME THE HONOUR OF DEDICATING TO YOU THIS BOOK Frederick. W. Ragg Qi^-Lfe?i PREFACE '\1 7HEREF0RE?' the question asked by ' Reason, after the heart in anguish wakes from its first dumbness, is followed by ' Where- unto ? ' a question that if less passionate is perhaps reiterated more. The answer to both questions is given by a Voice that utters from the dark something as in an unknown tongue the meaning of which we can guess at only, but cannot fully know. Ever since man's first rude cogitations in Philosophy these questions have sought but have not found a clear reply, nor does there seem in our present limits of existence a likelihood of answer that we can fully understand ; though, as is the case with Science, it may very well be possible to obtain approximations nearer and nearer to the meaning of that tongue unknown. But our emotions as well as our Reason have their own way of asking these supreme questions, vi Preface. and of seeking answer to them. And our emotions have contact with Nature different from Reason's and more mysterious, but not the less real con- tact. And so have also Instinct and Belief. To examine the mystery of the meaning and destiny of human suffering as if it were a matter of Intellectual Cognition only, and with Reason only as the means of search, is surely like sailing in search of a far polar strand with in- sufficient supplies, and with means effectual only for warmer seas, and not for the one long alternation of day and night. When at the very best we can gain only partial glimpses of the shore we seek, it must be a mistake to leave behind what may give aid where Reason fails — human instinct, emotions, faith. Whatever may have been the origin of these, they have their point to press. Man is not Intellect only, man is more. Where arguments appear in the succeeding pages I do not put them forward as claiming to be final : few arguments probably can have such claim. But I intend them to speak with cogency those thoughts which the heart's hunger feels as pangs, and to speak them in the way in which Preface. vii they present themselves to Foesy. To Philosophy they come in somewhat different garb. The characters pourtrayed will as I trust be found modelled with reference to the truth of natural form, but yet their clay I also trust has felt the impress of the Ideality which ennobles fiction as it ennobles sculpture; Ideality which only consents to give shape to evil in so far as it is needed to bring out or to bring forth good ; scorning as she does to mould the unregenerate mud of the worst human passions into shapes whose repulsiveness no trickery of garb improves, no attitude ever dignifies, and no large mouthing of tragic or heroic mask can make exalted ; and then to leave them for one only apparent purpose — the exciting of a vulgar stare. TTia-Td . . . -payfidT(i)v eXey^o^ ov [iXiTTOjikviav. Heb. xi. I. PROLOGUE LOVE grief and love and grief and love and grief, -J The fugue that through the changeful lives of men In all the generations ceaseless rings, And raises up to heaven its complex chords, Not to one time, nor to one melody set. But wrought in millioned changeful staves and keys To diapason like a voice of storm ; A diapason which perhaps afar May, entering some new medium's marge, be turned, Through its refractive change of beat or note. To one long harmony in which despair Assumes the timbre hope, and sorrow joy. Love grief and love and grief and love and grief — The fugue that 7nay to other strain be changed. Nay, ivill be changed — as held the faith of Him Whose faith endured the bitterest assault Of all that goads the hearts of men to grief — And changing melt, as clouds melt bathed in light, To love and joy and love and joy and love ; Though it hereafter change to mellowed strain B 2 Quorsinn ? Of triumph in the dawn of grander day, It now rolls on its ceaseless notes, that throng In roar which stuns the reason seeking cause. That seeks in utter dark without the lamp Wherewith the hand of faith by glimmer pale Lights the uncertain path to guide her feet, Else wandering useless in the dark and roar — Rolls slow in minor movement of lament : Grief love and grief and love and grief and love. THE WORK OF STORM IT was the calm of summer afternoon ; And pine and fir unto the sleepy breeze, ^^^lich scarce their presence noted, offerings made Of odours, and the slumber-laden turf Lay dreaming in the light to murmured song. Wherewith the cicala filled its stirless dream ; Save where the forest dimness covered all. Even in full light with never lifted shade : Therein the long blade, scattered here and there In solitude, reached upwards seeking light. And thin through effort bent its weak length down, Enforced to ponder on the strewed remains Which years had showered from branches of the pines, To moulder in the sloth of long decay ; But scarce a breath was fluttered to the blade To stir a thrill along its quivering length. Along the pathway on the mountain side Strolled, wandering slow, four friends who late had left 4 Quorsuin ? The labour-heavy air of dranta's banks To seek new vigour near the Alpine snows. Two led the way, but waited when at times They found the others far behind, who stayed, In frequent halt and frequent lingering, kept By form of plant and structure, that to them Were new. Of these was one to natural lore Devote, to whom each plant of aspect new Seemed almost pleading for his watchful eye To turn upon it and to note its kind ; The other as companion to his gaze Beside him lingered, caring not for name. Nor class, but caught by form and hue alone — His heart's love poesy, and old romaunt. And history of the long passed years, and art : The brush, and also that which shapes the stone To brow of thought and limb of strength, and lip Of love restrained and dignity of calm, Hight Runimont. Pale prophecies his face Of future furrows showed in imprints dim, That came before their rightful time of claim. Slow upwards crept the way that to the four At every turn and every step revealed Some interest new, some ever fresh delight. And even the heated air, to those whose wont Was in a heavier clime, with freshness breathed, Though brooding 'neath a burden heavy, slow, TJie \Vo7-k of Stonn. That weighed upon the slumberous firs and weighed Where sunlight glowed upon the heated rock, On which the pensive harebell lower drooped Than wont, and weary seemed the Alpine rose. And even the fern which in the dim recess Of hollow rock had nestled feebly hung As hangs a loosened limb, hid not from heat Though hidden from the open blaze of light. Near where the path, from under shade of fir, Came out to sunshine at the forest's verge It turned a jutting crag, and wandered round To track a hollow where the waters fell. And spent their scattered mist to dower a rock With sweet festoons of moss and graceful ferns, And o 'er the rock there rose a mountain-birch White-gleaming 'neath the dark of shadowing pine. Here stood three sisters, listening as they stood To the low music of the dripping fall, And gazing on the sweet complexity Of light and shade and lichen hue of dove And orange, and the green of moss and fern And blushing white of pine stem mounting up. And grey of birch. Adream was Runimont ; For that seemed all a dream through which he trod. And only vision of his dreaming thought Seemed those three sisters at the first, and part 6 Quorsian ? Of that dissolving dream through which he moved : But when, in rearward of his friciHl, he passed And met the eyes of her who hindmost stood, Before her gaze had time to turn away, A thrill from something in that maiden's eyes, He knew not what, broke up his mood of dream And made his heart with new surprise vibrate, That caused him when some few steps on to turn — Scarce knowing that he turned — and gaze intent Until the winding pathway brought her face Sidelong to his, though parted by the stream And her retreating steps. Then moving on He seemed as moving onwards from himself, With steps like steps of one who moves in pain. He saw her and he loved her. Face and form Were hers that to the throbbings of his heart Spake with the voice with which a sea-nymph's form Amid the dream of waters spake of old, When eyes peered wondering into azure depths Of the Hellenic sea, and they who saw Or thought they saw the beauty-radiant shapes, Sought for the cause in parentage divine. The voice a moment seemed to stun the throbs To which it spake, and stun the very beat Of his astonished heart, and then arose Its rushing pulse to tumult throbbing fierce The Work of Storm. That shook him through. And then a shiver passed, And desolation, freezing all his soul. He stood, and looking back again he saw That form beneath the fir-shades pass from view, And all the cicala song was ' lost ' and ' lost ' And ' lost ' the rising sigh of breeze scarce breathed, And voice of mountain stream the thunder ' lost ' ; Shadow appeared to chill the very sun Into whose blaze from out the shade he came. And all the past by sudden gap fell far To distant dimness. Gazing at the firs — The unresponding firs— that gave no more The consolation of one shadowy glimpse Of her for whom his heart was uttering cry, He stood — till hearing from afar the call With which his distant friends his presence claimed, He turned, like one asudden roused from sleep, To join the group. And now they passed the zone Where the vain essays of the struggling woods Advanced their ranks of stunted pioneers. That stood, in hoary lichen tresses, stretched As seeking with averted face for life By bending from the wonted path of storms. Here fell a foaming torrent, bridged across By trunk of pine, rough-hewed to take the foot. And on the hither and the further side 8 Quorsum ? Rock-guarded, while above the rock arose The frontmost twain of pioneers, which, white In skeleton rigidity of death. Stood as memorials of themselves, and gleamed In ghastly smile beneath the sunlight pale. Past these the way led on, and past a crag Whose brow bent forwards from its resting mates To gaze into the valley's distant depth, And offered at its top a resting place On which they sat to view the mighty scene. Far down, by distance hushed to moveless white. The track of rushing torrent here and there Marked with its streak the valley's floor. A fringe Of trees, but broken, lay along the edge Where from that floor grey precipices rose, And held, far up their height, ledge-seated firs. The inaccessible home of mountain birds That screamed their safe defiance down the rocks. For high above the ledges rose the wall Stained hoar and dark by watery veils that dripped In ceaseless fall. Above the wall arose Rocks lifting up in pride their nursling pines Towards the heaven, and o'er these pine-dark heights Rock-pastures. And above them and beyond. Crowning the whole with distant smile of hope, Summits of snow so still, so soft, so far, The Work of Storm. 9 They seemed like dream traced on the hue of heaven. Upon the rock the friends reposed to gaze. Their thoughts at first in wonder's silence bound, Until the Science-lover, ready first With word to help the struggling of his thoughts. Found utterance. Belford was the name he bore. 'What distant story sleeps in yonder scene ; But even in sleep reveals its wondrous past To Reason's slow-deciphering scrutiny ! ' The soil wherein those aged forests root Is of the mould that was of yore a race Of older forests, dispossessed by these Through creeping conquest. And the vanished race Through the same gradual victory had won Their hold in older mould of older dead, Of lineage older than their own. So back Leads lineage unto lineage, till far off. In the dim ages of the distant past, They take us to the childhood of that cliff In its young garb of lowly plant, unscarped As yet to precipice and ravine that now Its age reveals. And in that lowly garb, Foot after foot upheaved above the sea, It rose — creation of the tossing wave — Laid on its mother-continent, that died 10 QuorsuJii ? In giving birlh and nursed on its dead breast The child, and in the ages long before, Itself was nursling on the ancient knees On which it grew to age of motherhood. ' The latest these of lineaged continents : On which look down in snowy high disdain Yon fragments of a lineage older far ; Stern remnants of the shores that primal seas Fashioned, and in tlicir slow retreat left bare, When earth's relapsing bosom drew them off. And then uncounted years those pristine shores Stood up and grew to continents that raised Their mountain bulk, till earth beneath the load Shuddered with age-long shudder, and let down The burden for the hunger of the seas, That rose and gnawed her birthlings thus exposed, And laid upon their tilted flanks the race Of lineage new. Now stand those primal shores Raised up anew, and keep their distant height Above the aspiring of the newer brood. And snow, like peaceful uniini)assioned age, Wreathes to concealment all, or all luil all. The tracks of bygone passion, grief, and pain. And fiery trial of their distant past. In frigid changelessness they dure and dure, And yet that seeming changelessness is change. And not immortal dower of moveless age. The Work of Storm. 1 1 Those outlines crawl from mood to mood with steps ^^^lich have long centuries for interval : The inmost workings of yon mass — its thoughts — That are long torturings of stony dream, Drag on perpetual embryo through slow growth Unto a birth that is eternal-far, And need unnumbered bridges for their path From one step of its reasoning to the next, Yet all the while, as with unwearied strength. It butts the logic of the chattering storm And meets the challenge of the fiery sun With fact that must be conquered bit by bit, And strives to guard from ravenous decay The treasured shapelings of the far off eld, ^Vhich it within its stedfast clasp enfolds.' * But is it then a creeping toil of thought. As of the labour of a sluggard brain?' The voice of Wake arose when Belford ceased. Wake, man of massive brow and raven hair, And lip of easy strength and eye that danced In light, respondent unto word of lip — Philosophy and mind his heart's delight. ' Or is it as it seems to me a force That needs large room and minutes that are years For its huge movement, like an ocean driven Through the long channel of some caverned rock. What seems to us in Nature's action slow 12 Qiiorsiun? Is large, not sluggard : what intcrminate : Not feeble movement but the march of strength, Secure in progress. Cireater is the power That dures and dures and dures, unspent through all, 'Hum thai which in some thunderous moment's roar, Spendthrifts its all and spends itself in death.' ' True words you speak, but only partly true ' — Thus Flaxton took the argument in turn, A man to whom the mathematic skill Of problem was a charm, whose eye from mood Of thought scarce ever melted : lost it seemed In gaze on problems looming from afar. ' I'or Time is not the measure of a force, l]ut Time and what within the time is wrought. The mighty may be sudden as a rush, The mighty may be slow as slowest crawl.' ' But Time,' responded Wake, 'resolve me first The meaning of that mystic concept Time, That sometimes seems the page on which is writ Creation's process, sometimes seems the mean Aiul medium of reaction which affords To every conscious and unconscious thing Its movement's rate, and different unto each. And sometimes seems a self-consistent thing. The pulse of an eternal pendulum Beating one stroke for all — resolve me Time.' The Work of Storm. 1 3 ' Nay, Wake, but leave such quest for other hours ; Suffices now the writing on the page That gives Creation's process,' Belford said, ' Which is too vast, too complex, and too long To offer chance to scrutinize the page And mark its fabric. For its characters Take all the observation of my thought. And stare their undeciphered mysteries Like words of scribes long ages dead, that wait On ancient walls the unborn interpreter.' And here they ceased, and Runimont no word Had uttered, scarce a word had heard, his thoughts Had wandered from the landscape, and beheld The outlines of a maiden's face in front Whose presence seemed, at distance, even so soon, Of half a globe. And in the thrall of thought Held bound, he listened, as it were to catch The music of a voice as yet unheard. Was that the roar of avalanche or voice Of waking storm which on the stillness smote ? To them, as new as was the scene, were new The signs which curtain round the birth of storm Among the mountains. All in vain the hour Which they in leisured ease upon the crag Had spent, had crowded signs before the eyes That knew not how to read the portent given ; 14 Quo r sum? But now the roar, though uttered from afar And low, enforced attention to its cause. The air had grown from its pellucid calm To visible, and languid in attempt To hold the weight of the increasing murk, And through the dimness which o'erveiled the snows Upon the distant summits light poured thin Infiltrating, and vapours, dragging low. Began to dim the valleys' depth, and soon Upon the crests behind the craggy seat Came clouds that blotted out the yellow sun. And rolled their thunder-threatening billows close To wrap the stacks of stately rock and ridge That intervalled the stacks. Thus roused the friends Rose to return, but hasted not at first. Nor knew the need of haste. And half their way Returning to the torrent-voiced ravine, Where the dead pines no longer caught the sun, Was yet untrod, when cloud, oblivion-like. In front rolled down the hollows of the steep. And wiped out all beyond from view. Awhile Was stillness ; then a sigh titanic ran Along the downward-driven clouds and leapt The cliff and died. Then stillness came again, And then some seconds more — and from the turf And scrub and rock and stone and withered pine The Work of Storm. 15 Arose a wail low-noted, creeping, long ; That smitten cried at stroke of clattering hail. Then howl held howl in chase and swirl to swirl Succeeding whirled its torrent vortices, Of frozen drops that melted where they fell Upon the mountain side, and swept in stream The slope. And then anon the driven whirl Of cloud was lit with streams of fire that leapt From point to point and rock to rock, and brought The crack of thunder shaking all the steep With quiverings as of pain. In ebbs of storm The men pushed on ; its paroxysmal reels Rolling around their blinded sight with force That almost swept their footsteps from the path, Made them to clutch at withered stump or bush Or rock, or even to lie upon the path Prone while the frenzy passed. At length they reached The rock and twain of ghastly pines and fall, And steep ravine which fierce-entreating storms Of ages from the mountain's rocky breast Had won as path to frantic cataract. Here, foamless in its turbid mud, the wave Beat the rough pine-bridge that in helpless dance Sank, leapt, and sank. But, as they neared it, came A rush more swollen that above the rock. 1 6 Quorsiitn ? Whose hutting Iicld it, threw its bounding bulk, And rolled it headlong down to depths unseen. A moment ere from bafflement to plan Their thoughts could turn, the men stood still. The rush Of waters wider than a strong man's leap Ploughed the ravine far up as sight could reach, And, some few yards below, the precipice Stood upright o'er the valley's distant depth. But almost ere the bafflement was past The air was opened as with abysm of light, Wherein the white dead pines above the crag Seemed leaping wreathed around with torturing flame, And on the ground the men in sudden fall By thunder shock were thrown, unhurt save Wake, Who for some moments silent lay, but rose To greet with smile the faces looking down Anxious upon him, and to plan with them Return. * Lo liere return ' ! said Belford caught By what at first seemed mocking their belief; From rock to rock across the stream and jammed Between opposing crevices one pine Of those that fell was stretched. The hissing wave Leapt striving u[) Init could not reach its bulk. — A bridge — the storm's replacement of its spoil ! And clambering o'er the rock which clamped the pine The Work of Storm. 17 They crawled by one and one in cautious haste Across and reached their new-recovered path. And soon the swift-retreating storm in front Swept crosswise o'er the jutting ridge, and reached The valley's further side and curdled dark Upon their cliffs beyond, but o'er their path Remained alone in sullen sobs that told Of wrath unsatisfied, but yet allowed Pursuance of an uneventful way. At last the firs hung close about their path, And through the league-long nave of gloomy trees, Not now aroused to spread their trembling arms, Moaning before the wind, but rustle-filled With dripping drops, they hasted. Sobs at times Passed through the trees and showered a thicker fall And ceased, and left the branches drooping low. And storm hung silent, grown to wreathing cloud Shapeless and undefined — a stagnant grey Of unrepentant murk. Yet even so One sunbeam crept athwart the topmost trees And fired the distant cliff; then slowly rose And tinged the snow and clouds beyond the snow, — Then let its slow regretful glory die. What matters dying glory or the gloom That shrouds it round ? Or even the distant gold C I S Quorsinn ? Seen and soon lost which spoke beyond the ga[) Of caverned cloud a heaven and glowing sun ? Just as it died they turned an angled wall Of jutting rock. And Bel ford leading first Uttered the indrawn sound of shar[) surprise, Whereat the others looking forwards saw, Beside a splintered fir, whose broken trunk Blocked up the path a little distance on, Two sisters bending anguished o'er a third ^Vho lay beside them moveless. As he looked A clatter like the crash of grinding rock Beat in the ears of Runiniont. His brain A moment felt the sweep of dimness cross, And staggering seized his limbs. The moment next The voice within his heart was saying 'help' ! And chased the staggering and the dimness forth, The voice which sooner to the readier three Had spoken, adding speed to speeding steps. Help ! — but what help? No effort drew response From that still form, and no returning pulse. Not the least hindrance of the cold that crept Stiffening the limbs replied with hope. AVhat help But that which bore the dead and mourned with woe? How fair the face that lay in livid death Even though the glory of its eyes lay hid The Work of Storm. 19 In helpless shadow. Pencillings of love And faith lay soft thereon, the silent tracks Of whose high impress even in ruin charmed, Hinting a past, as hints a stone inscribed The history and the thoughts of elder time. Who goes to listen to the living lips Unto the keeping of her God consign The dead ? Nay who refrains ? The hostel sent Its host and guest ; and peasants thronged around To whom the language of the rite was strange. Sounds and not words — but yet did sympathy Bestov/ a glimpse of meaning true though dim. And those to whom the words were words that spoke Recalling memories to crowd the note With meaning, stood beside and heard the words That seemed far-wandering from their native home. And now above the grave the patient cross Stands, emblem of the faith and hope of those Who laid her there in her unbroken sleep. Patient it stands and waits the expected sign Which yet the unfulfilling years withhold. 20 Quorsmn ? Thereon the dawn that mounts to toil of day Sheds its pale light, and from its figure throws A shadow of half smile which touches not The grave whose length is lit, like all the path Of life from childhood seen, that gleams with hope. But eve, who seeks afar in heaven her rest, Throws from the cross the grave-long shadow laid As shadow but of peace its whole length long. And shadow but of peace the waning light Of life throws sometimes o'er the past, its grave. At morn faith-lit ; at evening sorrow-dark : Speaks then the emblem of a hope that fails. And at the bound of life forsakes its tale ? Not so. It is the light that casts the shade. The light which unenfeebled by the night Travels in space afar beyond the night To bring new dawn. And hope though chastened points To newer dawn beyond the reach of death. II. THOUGHT'S PROBLEM DAY after day was dreary length of storm, Xo gleam of sun nor glint of star nor smile Of moon to break the clouded gloom of heaven ; And only like the passing of a pang An opened glimpse of mountain through the gloom. And all the day and all the night swept on The mountain winds, low shrieking in the chase Of swarming drops of sleet and lagging cloud, That crept for shelter from their ceaseless scourge Round pinnacle and into dim recess Of crevice that afforded short relief. Besides the four the hostel's company Was few. A priest, and one to whom were charm Life's lowliest essays and that mystic realm Their borderland between unlife and life. And one whose skill availed to cross the firth With iron road to take the rushing car ; The four and these three all. The fifth day came, 22 Quorsuvi ? Enforcing, like its fellows, idle stay Within the hostel, and the crawl of time And ceaseless storm wrought friendships else unformed, And loosed the lips to interchange of thought And questionings after truth, which thus began : Upon the blank of moving mist that swept Before the casement Wake stood gazing long. His thoughts were wanderers in the dark that holds The meaning of existence and the scope Of life of man. Across his view there passed, Writ moving on the white of mist, the wrecks Of moss and twig of fir by gust of wind Propelled. And these he noted as he gazed. But scarcely conscious of the things he .saw. And spake aloud his thoughts, and did not know He more than thought. Rut nil those dreary days. And ever since the burial-hour, a face Seemed gazing into his with pallid grief. And through its leagues of distance looking close, And broken wont and mood had voiced his thoughts. 'Are we no more than comrades of the moss, At wanton torn by stroke of careless storm, And drifted at its will ? And is it one With riven rock and heart by anguish riven ? And one with thought and that which has not thought ? Is there for hope in midmost growth cut down No solace more than that which waits the leaf, Though fs Problem. 23 Which, severed, needs no solace ? Can it be That lives worn down by cares, that tread the heart To hardness — lives whose trodden bareness yields Not even the lowly produce of a weed, End but in death's more barren wilderness ? And lives there are that sorrow's winds have swept To lie in mouldering waste, till nought remains But framework stiff and hueless of the shape Which was their early dower of seemliness — Beyond the withered hope of faded leaf, The skeletoned memorial of their past. Have they no heritage ? And all the cries Poured up in ceaseless roll through myriad years By human hearts will then be notes to work Some mighty harmony too great, too deep. For aught that is not infinite to hear, Yet are not unto that which hears and takes, Notes claiming recompense for woe and pain ! ' The murmur of his utterance reached the Priest, Who near the window o'er a written page Was bent. And at the first no meaning came With murmur to his inattentive ear. But soon the sound to meaning grew, the Priest Looked up, and when Wake's thoughts to silence passed From words he spoke. ' A problem old is yours. That from its cradle unto thought has clung, 24 Qiwrsuin ? And clings and looses not its hold ... to you Comes it as visitant fresh, or does it seek Familiar haunts amid your thoughts ? ' And Wake, Amazed to find a voice confront his thoughts, Looked round and met the light of pale grey eyes Upon him turned. But in the eyes a smile Of kindness beamed, a beacon unto trust, And waking from surprise he answered thus : ' Not fresh indeed, but frequent visitant, For in the tangles of the mazy path Of seeming sequel and of seeming cause In midst of which these helpless human hearts Throb out their joys and griefs and wander lost ; The purpose of whose being and whose death Seems undiscoverable, do my thoughts Search exit and find bafflement alone. I lift the lamp of theory on the maze. Or feign, to weave the stray appearances Into one thought, some principle or law : I find the weaving but a sandy web, That mocks me with its dust and no sure clue To track a plan that, complex, still were plan.' And then a moment's shyness and the dawn Of what was scarce a blush o'erspread his face, And (juicker somewhat flowed the words he spake. TJiouzht's Problem. 25 '