BOOftfctlilvJ i iSTItttOHfcR \ THE MEDEA OF EURIPIDES, WITH NOTES AND AN INTRODUCTION, FREDERIC D. ALLEX, Ph. D., PROFESSOR IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY. BOSTOX, U.S.A.; GIXN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 1893. Copyright, 1S76. By GINN BROTHER! Typography by J. S. Cushing & Co., Boston, U.S.A. Fresswokk by Ginn & Co., Boston, U.S.A. SRLf URL f - c /l3&,Q".~ PREFACE. Of the conjectural emendations in the text of the Medea which have been, especially during the last few decades, proposed in great numbers, such and such only have been adopted in the present edition as seemed to me either quite certain or in the highest degree probable. For the rest the best manuscripts have been closely followed in the main. Anything like an incisive treatment of the text is, in my opinion, out of place in editions intended for learners. Only in a few hopelessly garbled passages the need of furnishing a readable text in decent metrical form has led me to admit bolder and more uncertain alterations. Here due warning is given the reader in the notes. In interpretation I have striven for correctness rather than for originality, and have of course derived much from others. Brevity had to be studied, but I have not know- ingly slurred over any real difficulty. The following editions have been used : Porson's ; Elms- ley's (German reprint with Hermann's notes) ; Kirchhoff 's editions of 1855 and 1867 ; Dindorf's (Oxford edition 1839, and Poetae Scenici 1868) ; Nauck's 3d edition, 1871, i v PREFACE. also his Euripidcisclic Studicn ; Schoene's Medea, 1853; Pflugk and Klotz's 3d edition, 1867; Witschel's, 1858; Paley's 2d edition, 1872; Weil's, 1868; Hogan's Medea, 1873; Wecklein's Medea, 1874. This last-named excel- lent work has been of especial nse. Corrections or suggestions from any quarter will be grate- fully received. F. D. A. Cincinnati, September, 1876. INTRODUCTION. I. EURIPIDES. § 1. Life. — What we know of Euripides' personal history, excluding what is plainly fabulous, is substantially this. He lived from 480, or a little earlier, to 406 B. c. The current belief was that lie was born in Salamis on the day of the sea- fight, but this has the air of an invention. His father's name was Mnesarchus or Mnesarchides; his mother's, Clito. The latter at least was of humble origin. Euripides was of a studious and speculative turn, an ardent disciple of the philosophers and soph- ists of his day, Anaxagoras, Prodicus, Socrates, and others. His first play he exhibited at the age of twenty-five ; thirteen years later he gained for the first time the first prize. Of a gloomy temperament, never personally popular with his countrymen, and not successful in his profession at first (he won only five dra- matic victories), he seems to have suffered from a morbid sensi- tiveness, a consciousness of being misunderstood, a feeling some- times reflected in his works. He lived aloof from the world, in the midst of his large collection of books. There was some trouble in his domestic relations ; with neither his first nor his second wife did he live happily. His last years were spent abroad, first in Magnesia, then at the court of Archelaus, the Macedonian king, at Pella, where he died and was buried, a cenotaph being erected at Athens. He left three sons, the youngest of whom followed his father's profession. The popu- larity of his plays at the close of his life and throughout later antiquity was extraordinary. 2 INTRODUCTION. § 2. Works. — Of Euripides' 75 (according to others 92) plays, there have come down to us 19, or excluding the 'Pectus-, which is almost universally thought to he spurious, 18. These are : v AA.k?/(ttis, Av8pofid^r), Bci/c^cu, 'Exdfiy], 'Kkivr], HXeKrpa, UpaKXeibaL, Hpa/cAvys jxaivujxt.vo'i, iKerides, IttttoAutos, Icfuyeveia rj ev AuAiSi, Ic^tyeVeta rj iv Tui'pois, law, K-vkXwij/ (a satyric drama), MryScta, OpearTT}<i, TpwdocSj ^oiVicnrai. The dates of the following six are known with certainty : Alcestis, 438 ; Medea, 431; Hippolytus, 428; Troades, 415; Helena, 412; Orestes, 408. A few others can he approximately placed. The Bacchae and Iphigenia in Aulis were produced after the poet's death. § 3. Spirit and Tendency. — Though a contemporary of Sophocles, Euripides belongs in spirit to a different age. He is a representative of the new Athens of his time, of the new ideas, political, moral, and aesthetic, which were just coming into vogue, supplanting the sterner and simpler notions of the old-fashioned citizens. It is the Athens of Demosthenes and Praxiteles, rather than that of Pericles and Phidias, for which Euripides wrote. Rhetoric and philosophical speculation had much to do with this change. Euripides shares the artificial tastes and the sceptical spirit of the new school. To give vivid pictures of human passion is Euripides' chief aim, and in this his strength lies. He is in no sympathy with the mythical spirit ; the myths he uses only as the vehicle of his own conceptions. The notion of an all-controlling Fate and of a hereditary family curse are much less prominent than with Aes- chylus and Sophocles. There is less lofty ideality in his concep- tions ; his characters are more like those of every-day life, their passions less removed from common experience. This accords in general with modern taste ; indeed, it has often been observed that Euripides stands nearer to the modern dramatists than do his predecessors. He excites often a livelier sympathy; hence Aristotle calls him "the most tragic of the poets." Put Eurip- ides has sometimes gone too far in this direction, and introduced characters too common] dace and incidents altogether trivial. INTRODUCTION. 3 § 4. Style. — Euripides is smooth and dexterous in the use of language ; free from the turgidity of Aeschylus, but not free from rhetorical artifice. Even smaller verbal quibbles, paradoxi- cal expressions, alliterations, and the like, he dues nut disdain. Characteristic of him are the long arguments between his person- ages on questions of right and wrong, sometimes quite irrelevant to the matter in hand. Almost every play has one or more of these. The author delights, even when one side is manifestly in the wrong, to display his skill in making out a specious argument. He is fond of philosophizing through the mouths of his char- acters, and the abundance of maxims (yvw/xat), reflections, and generalizations on social and religious topics — another effect of the rhetorical training of that day — went far to render Eurip- ides attractive in later times. The histrionic art had developed in. his day, and this influenced composition; the actors had to be furnished with telling and pointed speeches and striking situ- ations. Scenery, too, had come to be a matter of importance, and some plays (Troad., Her. Eur.) must have depended largely on their scenic effects for success. § 5. Form. — The internal economy of his plays is often de- fective ; his plots lack coherence and compactness. In general he relies on striking passages and thrilling scenes more than on unity and symmetry of the whole. But there is much difference among his plays in this respect. Two things have been especially blamed: 1. The so-called Beos a-b //.^anys, the express interfer- ence of a god at the end of the play to solve the difficulties of the situation. 2. His prologues, long soliloquies in which the situation is expounded, often baldly and awkwardly, to the hear- ers. Euripides was responsible for metrical and musical innova- tions concerning the merits of which we can no longer judge. The chorus is diminished in importance ; its odes are often mere interludes, having little to do with the dramatic situation. His later pieces show frequent resolutions in the iambi, and contain long and irregularly constructed monodies. § 6. Moral Tendency. — Euripides has been unjustly at- 4 INTRODUCTION. tacked (notably by Aristophanes the comedian, and in modern times by Schlegel) on ground of exercising a debasing influence on morals. But much that seemed corrupting to his conservative contemporaries, as Aristophanes, cannot appear so to us ; and those sentiments which have been cited as inculcating false mo- rality seem mostly harmless when taken in connection with the situation and the persons^who utter them. They are not to be taken for Euripides' own sentiments. To a few places in which the justice and providence of the gods are openly denied, excep- tion may, perhaps, be fairly taken. § 7. His Misogynism was much blamed by the ancients, but this trait has been greatly exaggerated. Euripides brings for- ward in several plays women of strong passions and doing great mischief (Medea, Phaedra, Hecuba), but on the other hand has depicted noble and admirable types of womanhood (Alcestis, Iphigenia, Macaria). He possessed a deep insight into female character, and was fund of portraying it in all its phases, the dark as well as the light. He is particularly skilful in this, and his women, even the bold and unlovely ones, are thoroughly feminine. Without trying to excuse his many defects, and without pre- tending to rank him with Aeschylus and Sophocles, we must yet recognize in Euripides dramatic genius of a high order. § 8. Manuscripts and Scholia. — The Euripidean man- uscripts were lirst classitied by Kirchhoff in his edition of 1855. Those which possess any authority form two classes. Nine plays (Hec, Or., Phoen., Med., Hipp., Ale, Andr., Troad., Ehes.) are extant in Mss. of both classes, the remaining ten in those of the second class only. These last plays were little known and read by the Byzantines, and have narrowly escaped perishing alto- gether. Class 1. Uninterpolated copies (complete or partial) of a re- cension current in the Middle Ages, comprising the nine plays above mentioned. These Mss. have the highest authority. The principal ones are : Codex Jfurcia/ms in Venice (5 plays), INTRODUCTION. 5 Cod. Vaticanus (9 plays), Cod. Havaiensis (Copenhagen, 9 plays), Cod. Parisinus (G plays). Class 2. Copies of a different and far rarer recension which embraced at least 19 pieces, but contained a text of less purity, which had been tampered with by would-be correctors. The authority of these Mss. is therefore inferior, and the plays found only in them are accordingly difficult of criticism and cannot be so nearly restored. The two most important Mss. of this class are Cod. Palatinus at Rome (13 plays) and Cod. Florentinus (18 plays). Scholia exist only to the nine plays found in Mss. of Class 1. Some of them are old and valuable. They are edited by W. Dindorf, Oxford, 1863, in 1 vols. § 9. Editions. — I name only the most important and com- prehensive, omitting all of single plays : — li. Parson (4 plays), 1797-1811. P. Elmsley (3 plays), 1813-1821. G. Hermann (12 plays), 1800-1841. A. Matthiae, large edition, 10 vols., 1813-1837. Now antiquated. W. Dindorf, Oxford edition with notes, 4 vols., 1832-1840. Most recently in Poetae Scenici Graeci, Leipzig, 1870. Pflugk and Klotz (11 plays), Gotha and Leipzig, 1840 - 1867. Over- conservative. A. Kirchhoff, larger edition with critical notes only, 2 vols., Berlin, 1855. This edition marks a new epoch in the text-criticism. Smaller edition with chief variants, 3 vols., Berlin, 1868. A. Kauck, Text, 2 vols., Leipzig, 1871. Valuable emendations. F. A. Paley, English notes, 3 vols., London, 1858-1860 (Vols. I. and II. now in second edition, 1872-1875). E. Weil (7 plays), French notes, Paris, 1868. Of separate editions of the Medea the following deserve men- tion : — Kirchhoff's, Berlin, 1852. Schoene's, Leipzig, 1853. Wecklein's, Leipzig, 1874. INTRODUCTION. II. THE MEDEA. § 10. The Medea was produced b. c. -431, with the Philoc- tetes, Dictys, and Theristae, and took only the third rank. It is presumably the earliest of the preserved plays, except the Al- cestis. In merit it ranks at least as high as any. § 11. Outline of the Plot. — Medea is the daughter of Aeetes, king of Colchis, and like her father's sister, Circe, is endowed with knowledge of magic. Enamored of Jason, who comes with the Argonauts in quest of the Gulden Eleece, she has enabled him by her arts to accomplish the tasks imposed on him by Aeetes, — the yoking of the fire-breathing bulls, the sowing of the dragon's teeth, the destruction of the crop of armed warriors, — and finally to slay the dragon which guarded the fleece itself; she has killed her brother Apsyrtus to facilitate their escape by detaining the pursuers, and has lied with Jason to Greece. They arrive at Iolcus in Thessaly, where the crafty Pelias, Jason's uncle, is king. The throne is rightfully Jason's, for Pelias had seized it from Aeson, Jason's father, and between the usurper and the rightful claimant there is mutual fear and distrust. In Jason's behalf Medea compasses the death of Pe- lias ; she persuades his own daughters to slay him and boil him in a kettle, in the belief that through her enchantments they will thus be able to renew his youth. From the consequences of this deed Jason and Medea seek refuge in flight, and make their abode in Corinth. Here they live peacefully as exiles for a time, but Jason presently tires of his barbarian spouse, devoted though she is, and longs for a connection which shall advance him in wealth and dignity in his new home ; accordingly he deserts Medea, ami receives in marriage the daughter of Creon, the king of the country. All the passion of Medea's wild and unbridled nature is roused by this indignity. Here the play opens. Prologue (1-130). — Medea's nurse in a soliloquy sets forth INTRODUCTION. 7 the situation and describes her mistress's passionate grief, which she fears may lead her to some desperate deed. The 7rai8aywyos or slave-guardian of Medea's two children enters with his charge. He has heard a rumor that Medea and the children are banished by a royal edict. He is bidden to withhold this from Medea, and to keep the boys in close seclusion. Medea's voice is heard from within in outbursts of despair and rage. Parodus (131-213). — The Chorus of Corinthian women, friends of Medea, approach to express their sympathy. Medea still speaks frum within. The nurse, at the request of the chorus, enters the house to persuade her mistress to appear. First Episode (214-409). — Medea comes forth in answer to the summons, in a calmer mood. She describes her forlorn con- dition feelingly, and exacts from the chorus a promise of silence in case she shall find means for requiting her enemies. Creon now enters to announce the decree of exile against her, on ground of threats uttered against the royal family. Medea feigns sub- mission and innocence, and by humble entreaty obtains a respite of one day. No sooner is Creon's back turned than her mien changes, and she declares her intention of accomplishing her re- venge within the allotted day, — by her secret arts, should any refuge open to her where she may afterwards seek safety, other- wise openly, dagger in hand. She will meanwhile wait to see whether such means of safety shall present themselves. First Stasimon (410-445). — .V choral ode. Second Episode (44G-G2G). — A spirited scene between Jason and Medea. The former comes to offer Medea money for her journey. To her passionate invective Jason replies with what sophistry he may. The calm impudence with which he proffers his wretched excuses for his conduct, and even feigns to act the magnanimous toward the woman he has wronged, reveal him as a heartless villain. His offers of assistance are scornfully re- jected. Second Stasimon (G27-GG2). — A choral song. Third Episode (GG3-823). — The hoped-for aid comes to Me- 8 1NTK0DUCTI0N. dea in the person of Aegeus, who chances to be passing through Corinth on his way to consult Pittheus concerning an obscure oracle which has been given him at Delphi. He asks the cause of Medea's grief, and at her entreaty promises her protection if she will come to his court at Athens. "When Aegeus is gone, Medea unfolds to the chorus the plan which she has dimly had in mind from the outset. She will send her children to the princess, Jason's bride, entreating her intercession in their be- half, and they shall take her as a present a poisoned robe, to put on which will be certain death. Having thus destroyed her rival, she will slay her own children as the bitterest retaliation she can inflict on Jason. In pursuance of this plan the nurse is despatched to summon Jason to a new interview. Third Stasimon (824 — 8G5). — Choral ode. Fourth Episode (8G6 — 975). — Jason reappears, and Medea in an altered tone pretends to have considered the matter anew, and to have laid aside her wrath. She asks forgiveness for her former language, expresses approval of his course, and begs for his good offices with his bride in behalf of the children. Jason, thrown completely off his guard, promises this, and the boys are sent with the gifts. Remarkable in this scene is the mixture of real and pretended feeling on Medea's part ; in the midst of her feigned contrition she is melted to real tears at the thought of what awaits the children. Fourth Stasimon (976 - 1001). — Choral ode. Fifth Episode (1002-1250). — The paedagogus, returning with the children, announces that their mission has been suc- cessful, and that the boys are freed from the sentence of banish- ment. Medea bids him retire, and struggles long with herself; her heart fails her when she thinks of child-murder, but her evil passions nerve her to the deed. A pause ensues while they await further news, which is idled by a long anapaestic passage from the chorus. Then a messenger arrives in breathless haste to bring tidings of the catastrophe. The princess and Creon are killed by the poisoned robe. Their death is described at length. Medea enters the house to slay her children. INTRODUCTION. 9 Fifth Stasimon (1251 - 1292). — The chorus implores the gods to prevent the unnatural crime. The cries of the ill-fated chil- dren are heard from within. Exodus (1293- 1419). — Jason comes hoping to save his chil- dren from the hands of the exasperated Corinthians. Learning what has just happened, he is overwhelmed with rage and sor- row. As he is trying to force his way into the dwelling, Medea, with the bodies of the children, appears aloft in a chariot drawn by winged dragons, which has suddenly been sent to her aid by Helios. After some further parley, Medea announces that she will bury the bodies in the temple of Hera Acraea, and institute a solemn feast in their honor ; then predicting Jason's death, she departs exulting in the completeness of her revenge. § 12. Remarks. — The interest all centres in Medea and her all-absorbing passion. Her love and hate are terrible in their strength. The poet lays stress on her being a foreigner ; he means to depict human nature in its wilder phase, with pas- sions unmitigated by the restraining influences of laws and Hellenic civilization. Aside from this vehemence there is no grandeur in the character, no moral elevation. Our sympathy can only partly go with her ; we cannot, even from a Greek point of view, approve her revenge, nor regard it as a deed neces- sary under the circumstances ; yet there is a vivid reality in it. But how is it that the murder of his children is so terrible a punishment for Jason, worse than even his own death, which Medea is perfectly able to bring about ? Certainly it is not that Jason loves the children so extraordinarily. Tor although 5C2 flg., 914 flg. he affects great interest in their welfare, still this does not prevent his acquiescing quite unconcernedly in the decree which banishes them, nor does it occur to him to attempt to have this decree revoked until Medea, 940, proposes it ; his indifference to his children is subject of remark, 7G, and Medea taunts him with it, 1396, 1401. He first shows real solicitude in their behalf after the death of his bride. The real force of the punishment consists then in leaving him without children to 10 INTRODUCTION. perpetuate the family and to support him in old age, and is fully felt only in connection with the murder of his new wife, which cuts off all hope of future offspring. The bitterness of this lot to a Greek mind can he only imperfectly understood by us. To him the extinction of his race was a terrible misfortune. And that herein lies the weight of Medea's revenge is plain from 803 fig. and 1348. It is, however, to be noted that the poet ignores the obvious possibility that Jason may take yet a third wife and beget children. We might, indeed, understand the prediction of Jason's death, 138G, as intended to cut off this resource, if we supposed a speedy death to be meant ; but that again is hardly consistent witli the words yiteVe kul y%>as, 1396. There is, therefore, plainly, this weak point in the construction of the piece. The sending of the dragon-chariot is a sudden intervention on the part of the god, for otherwise Medea's excuse for her child- murder, that the boys must in any case die (1000, 1236), would not hold good, since there would be the possibility of her saving them as well as herself by flight. Aristotle blames this super- natural intervention at the close, but there is this to be said for it, that the winding-up of the action does not depend in any great measure on it, there being nothing to show that Medea herself could not escape without the chariot, as she has expected to do throughout. The most that the chariot does is to enable her to rescue and bury the bodies of the children, and to appear triumphant in the last colloquy with Jason, while it enhances, of course, the scenic effect of the close. "With more justice one might find fault with the introduction of Aegeus, whose appear- ance just at the nick of time is purely accidental anil not brought about by anything in the action itself. In fact this scene has little dramatic interest or import, and seems to be introduced mainly to bring on the stage an Athenian national hero. It is somewhat surprising to find Medea at the end imposing a festival in atonement for her own crime on the Corinthians, whom she has just made her bitter enemies. "We must suppose INTRODUCTION. 11 that the authority of Hera is to effect this, who is the protectress of Medea as of all the Argonauts.* The character of Jason is that of complete selfishness, a selfish- ness which has overrun and stifled his natural good impulses. Creon is imperious hut well-meaning. Aegeus is a mere lay- figure. The servants, on the other hand, are well conceived; the nurse, with her bustling anxiety, is particularly good. § 13. Question of Double Recension. — There seems to he some reason for thinking that the Medea has undergone a revision or alteration since its first production, and that we have not the play exactly in its original form. Porson, Boeckh, Her- mann, and others have thought this; Elmsley, Matthiae, Pllugk, have denied it. The chief considerations in favor are : 1. The dittography (passage written in two ways), 723, 724, 729, 730 = 725-728; see note. Hermann thinks 777 = 778, 771), another such. 2. Words quoted from Medea, hut not found in our play. Such are the words £> 6epjji6(3ov\ov cnrXdyxvov, said by the Scliol. Aristoph. Ach. 119 to he ev rfj M/^Seia E vptTriSov. Aristophanes Pax 1012 quotes c'k M^Sctas (whose Medea he does not say) 6X6- fj,av, 6Ao/xav, not in our Medea (yet see 97), hut found I ph. T. 152. Lastly in Ennius' Medea is a translation of the verse fjucra) cro</u- crrrjv octtis ov^ avrw 'crric^o?, which Cicero (Fani. 13, 15) quotes from Euripides. None of these reasons are cogent ; the ductog- raphy may he due to an interpolator, the Scholiast and Aris- tophanes might have quoted carelessly, and the Ennian verse is probably a case of contaminatio. Other things that have been urged as evidence of a double recension are altogether trifling. § 14. Relation to Neophron's Medea. — -Neophron, a contemporary of Euripides, wrote a Medea which, according to Aristotle ami Dicaearchus (see the first Hypothesis), served as a model for Euripides ; nay, they seem to think the latter guilty of plagiarism in appropriating Neophron's work. * Boeckh fancied that in the first edition of the piece it was Hera her- self who commanded this in person. 12 INTRODUCTION. And in truth Neophron's play, as is plain from the extant frag- ments (see Appendix), was very like Euripides'. Aegeus was introduced, but as coming expressly to consult Medea about the oracle, not as on his way to Pittheus. There was likewise a scene corresponding to 1021 fig., in which Medea wavered be- tween love for her children and desire for revenge. And at the end Jason's death was predicted by Medea as at 138G, not, how- ever, the same manner of death, but suicide. If, as is implied in the above statement, Neophron's play was written before Euripides', the credit for the design must be due in large measure to the former ; Euripides must have followed him closely in the plot and construction of the piece, though that he borrowed his language is unlikely.* But the peculiar power of the Euripidean play seems to have thrown its prede- cessor quite into the shade. § 15. Scenery, etc. — The scene represents the front of Medea's house, the orchestra an open space before it. The pal- ace and Jason's house are supposed to be on the right, the side whence personages coming from the city or harbor regularly en- tered. At the end of the piece Medea and her dragon-car appear aloft, either upon the ^^avrj, a contrivance for sudden appari- tions situated at the top of the scene-wall, or on the alwpyjfia, "~ swinging machine suspended with cords from above. The Protagonist had of course the part of Medea; the Deutera- gonist probably those of the nurse, Jason, and the messenger ; the Tritagonist those of the paedagogus, Creon, and Aegeus. The few lines assigned the boys (outcries from behind the scene) would also be spoken by the Deuteragonist and Tritagonist. * Wecklein contends that the notice in question is wrong, and that Eu- ripides' first Medea was older than Neophron's. But surely Aristotle and his pupil were in a situation to know from the original records to which play the priority helonged. INTRODUCTION. 13 III. ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE MYTH. § 16. Medea's adventures at Corinth seem at first view to be a sort of appendage or sequel to the story of the Argonautic ex- pedition ; in reality, however, they are a separate and indepen- dent legend which was only later brought into connection with the Argonauts. The Corinthian Medea is essentially a distinct personage from the Argonautic, although botli are perhaps devel- opments of the same germinal idea. § 1 7. The Argonautic Story. — This legend was at home among the Minyae of Iolcus and Orchomenus ; it was their national epic in the earliest times, later moditied and enlarged beyond its original boundaries by tlie poets, so that it became common Hellenic property. Aea, the land where the Golden Fleece is kept, is a sunny enchanted island in the distant sea. Homer thinks of it as somewhere in the Avest, but the Minyans, whose sea-outlook was an easterly one, must naturally have sought it in the east, and there it became at last fixed. The Homeric Poems allude simply to the Argonaut myth as something well known, mention Jason as having passed the ■n-XayKrai or clashing rocks, and as having visited Lemnos, know Aeetes as son of Helios and sister of Circe.* Medea is not spoken of. llesiod's Theogony, 960 fig., 992 fig. Here is the earliest men- tion of Medea. 8he is daughter of Aeetes and Idyia, helps Jason perform the aroi/oerres aSXoi laid on him by Pelias, returns with Jason to Iolcus, lives with him there and bears a son, who is reared by Chiron the centaur. Medea is here distinctly a goddess. * Od. k 1-37, ix 70; II. v 4GS. 14 INTRODUCTION. Pindar in the fourth Pythian ode gives a long and beautiful account of the sending of the expedition, and the adventures of the Argonauts, which closes with the return of Jason and Medea. Colchis is now for the first time fixed as the abode of Aeetes. Of other poets' treatment of this theme we know next to noth- ing. Only in its latest phase, with many embellishments, it reappears in the Argonautica of Apollonius. Medea's role in this myth is a subordinate one. She is but the enchantress who helps Jason obtain the fleece. Preller thinks that the old fable closed with the death of Pelias through her wiles. § 18. The Corinthian Legend. — That this is not a mere amplification of the Argonautic story, but a primitive local myth, is clear from this, that it was bound up with very an- cient religious rites. The Corinthians had, we know, the cus- tom of performing yearly propitiatory sacrifices to atone for the murder of Medea's children ; this rite was celebrated in con- nection with the Avorship of Hera d/cpcua, a national divinity of Corinth. Their sepulchre was shown at Corinth in Pau- sanias' time. The tale was variously told, and its earlier forms are quite unlike the tragic story. The germ is everywhere the killing of the children, either by Medea herself or by the Co- rinthians. Medea is a benefactress of Corinth ; she is said to have deliv- ered the city from a famine ;* she appears at first as queen; in- deed, she was conceived of as divine, t Eumelus, a Corinthian poet (about 750 b. c.) in his KopivOiaKa. treated this subject at length. J According to him Medea was queen of Corinth. The sovereignty belonged to her, since the throne had formerly been assigned her father Aeetes by Helios ; and * Schol. Med. 11 ; Schol. Find. 01. xiii. 52. + Schol. Med. 10. J Schol. Med. 10 ; Schol. Find. 01. xiii. 52 ; Pausan. ii. 3, 8. INTRODUCTION. 15 the Corinthians, being without a ruler, had sent for her to Iolcus. Jason is joint ruler with her. As fast as her children are horn she hides * them in the temple of Hera,t hoping to make them immortal ; failing in this she is discovered by Jason, who returns to Iolcus, and Medea departs also, leaving the throne to Sisy- phus. Doubtless the poem further described the institution of the expiatory sacrifice. Parmeniscus, an Alexandrine commentator, gives, we know not from what source, a different account. £ The Corinthians, uneasy under Medea's rule, plotted to kill her and her children, seven boys and seven girls. The latter fled to the temple of Hera Acraea, and the Corinthians slew them at the altar. For this desecration they were visited with a pest which raged until, directed by an oracle, they instituted yearly expiatory rites, which were observed up to his (Parmeniscus') time. Seven boys and seven girls, offspring of noble families, were every year shut up apart in the sacred enclosure and there offered sacrifices. A curious variation was that given in the NcaTTa/crta €7r?7,§ an obscure epic of the Hesiodean school, which narrated the Argonautic story. Here we learn that Jason (and of course Medea) went, not to Corinth, but to Corcyra, and that their son Mermerus was killed in hunting. Now as Cor- cyra was a Corinthian colony, this notice is interesting as showing that a legend very like the Corinthian was current there. The early epic poet, Creophylus, author of the Oi^a^'as <£W * KaTaKpvTTTtiv. Or buries? Perhaps somewhat as Demeter (Hymn. Horn. v. 239) buried (KpinrreaKe) Celeus' infant in fire to make him im- mortal. + The friendship of Hera for Medea is explained by Sehol. Pind. 01. xiii. 52, thus : Zeus was enamored of Medea, but she rejected his suit, and in return Hera promised to make her children immortal. + Sehol. Med. 273. § Paus. ii. 3, 7. 16 INTRODUCTION. cris, had the story in a less primitive form.* Medea is no longer queen ; she kills the king Creon by drugs, and flees to Athens, leaving her children behind her on the altar of Hera, thinking that Jason will care for them. Here the relatives of Creon slay them, but give out that Medea has done the deed herself. Simonides seems somewhere to have touched on this theme (Bergk, frag. 48). Medea and Jason he makes again rulers of Corinth, and expressly contradicts the older tale that Jason re- mained in Iolcus. Further than this we know nothing of his treatment. Yet a step nearer the tragic form of the tale is that which Pausaniasf gives as the current account in his time. Glauce the princess now appears ; she meets her death through gifts brought her by Medea's sons, Mermerus and Pheres, who are stoned to death by the Corinthians. A pestilence then comes upon their children, to avert which the statue of Terror (Aei/xa) is set up, and the regular sacrifices are instituted, at which they wear black and shave their children's heads. These solemnities were observed, he says, down to the destruction of Corinth by Mummius. A fountain was moreover shown, into which Glauce cast herself when in the agonies of death. The tragedians were thought to have first hit upon the idea of making Medea kill her own children, and in this sense an absurd rep< >rt + was current, which represented that Euripides was bribed by the Corinthians to lay the murder upon Medea. But we see traces of this same conception of Medea as the murderer in Cre- ophylus' account and the mystical narrative of Eumelus, so that it evidently existed long before, side by shle with the commoner story. Xor can we doubt that Jason's unfaithfulness and Me- dea's revenge were elements ingrafted on the legend before it came into the tragedians' hands. * Scliol. Med. 273. t ii. 3, 6. i Schol. Med. 10. INTRODUCTION. 1/ The original elements of the Corinthian story are, we see, these : Medea is a wise and divine benefactress, who comes from afar and rules the state. She and her mortal offspring stand under the protection of Hera. The children are destroyed — how, was less clearly defined — and Medea departs as she came. Jason is clearly no part of this tale, and perhaps the connec- tion of Medea with Sisyphus, hinted at by the Scholiast to Pindar on Theopompus' authority, points to the older local tradition as to the paternity of the children. After the fusion of the Corin- thian Medea with the Argonautic heroine, the poets were at great pains to connect the two legends, and Jason is introduced along with other new features. There can be little doubt that Medea was originally worshipped as a goddess, and that the sacrifices were intended for her, but that she sank in time to the level of a mortal, while the original ceremonial was still maintained, transferred to the patronage of Hera. § 19. Physical Significance of the Myth. — Medea is the Moon, one of the many mythical impersonations of that lumi- nary. The Moon, like the Sun, is all-wise because all-seeing, but to her belong especially occult wisdom and the mysterious arts of enchantment, such as nourish under the weird influences of her light. Hence her name M^Seia (fM-qSea-ia), " wise woman," from fxrjSos. She is the Sun's offspring (originally, no doubt, his daughter), for the new moon seems to emanate from the sun. She comes from the far west, deserting her Sun-father's house on the western horizon, for the new moon is first seen in the west. Or she is thought of (doubtless later) as coming from the east, where the full moon rises. She abides for a time with increasing splendor ; then wanes and disappears. Her children are proba- bly stars, in particular the short-lived morning and evening stars. This figure, which in Corinth took the shape of a preserver 18 INTRODUCTION. and divine ruler,* became in the Thessalian myth rather an en- chantress, and nothing was easier than for her to be incorporated into the story of the Argonauts, who sail into the same enchanted regions of the east or west in search of the Golden Fleece, which is nothing but the ruddy clouds of sunrise or sunset. * Wecklein thinks Medea a Phoenician goddess, and that her worship was supplanted at Corinth by that of Hera, when she was transformed into a priestess of Hera. This* seems very uncertain. 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MHAEIA. w peydXa f)e'xu kou ttotpl Apre/xi, ieo Xevo-creO' a Trdcr^cj, [xeyaXocs op/cots eVS^cra/xeVa top KaTa.pa.TOP irocrip ; op ttot iyoj pvp.<§>a.p r e'criooi/x avTol% jxeXdOpois SiaKPaLopepovs, ol y e'/xe irpoaOep roX/xaxx' doiKeiv . 165 a; naTep, a> 770X19, wv aTTepdo~urjP atcr^pojs 7W e/xdi^ KretVacra Kao~LP. TPO<T>02. K\ve0' ota Xeyet K-a7rt/3oaTcu QejALP evKTaiap Zrjpd 6\ 09 opKcop MHAEIA. 31 0vyjtoI<s ra/xta? vevopacrTai ; no OVK eCTTLP 07T(0<; ev TlVl /XLKpq) hicnroiva ^oXop KaTOLTravcrei. XOPOS. 7TOJ5 av es oxfjLV tglv dp.erepav avT. eXOoL jjLvOcov t avhaOevTwv Se^OLLT 6fX(f)dv, 175 el 7raK fiapvOvnov opyav Kal Xrj/xa (frpevojp p.e6eirj ; ixrjToi to y ep.ov 7rp60vfwu (^ikoicriv aneo-rco. aXXd /Sacra viv iso hevpo TTopevaov oiko)v e^oj, (f>iXa Kal rdo avoa, (TTrevcracra trpiv tl kolkojo-cu tovs ecrco • wevOos yap jxcydXcos rdS' op/xa/rai. TPCXfcOS. opdcrcj raS' • drdp (f)6(3o<; el neicroj SecriTOivav ifxijp ■ 185 [x6)^0ov Se ydpiv TrjV& eViSwcra). Kairoi ro/caSo? Sepy/xa XeaLvrjs aTTOTavpovTai. S/xajaCv, orav rt? fxvOov 7rpo(f)epa)P nlXas op/Ar^df}. cr/catov? oe Xeya>v KovSev tl o~o(j)ov<; im toi>9 npoade jSpoTovs ovk av afJidpTOLs, oiTives vfxvovs eirl p,ev OaXiais 82 EYPiniAOY iiri t elXa-rrivat^ ko.1 Trapd Seun/oi? evpovro /3iov reprrvas olkools • (TTvyiovs Se fipoTojp ovSels Xvnas 195 evpero povcrr) kolI 7roXv^6pSoL<; toOOUS TTOLVEIV, i£ 5)V Q6.VO.TOl oeLvai re rir^ai o-(f)dk\ovcri So/xous. Kairoi raSe pev /cepSo? aKeicrOai poXiralo-i fiporovs- Iva S' evhetirvoi 2co doures, ri paTTjV relvovo-i fiorjv ; to napov yap e^ei Tepxfjtv d</>' olvtov oatro? TrXijpojpa fipoTolo-iv. X0P02. layav diov ttoXvcttovov «fru>8. yoojv, Xiyvpa. 8' d^ea poyepd 205 /3oa rof e^ XeVei irpoboTav KaKovvp<jiOv ■ OeoKkvTel 8' dhiKa nadovcra tov Zrjpb<; opKtav Wepiv, a ^w e/3ao-ev 'EXXdS' e? dvTLTTopov 21 o Si' dXa ^u^(.o7'' e<^>' aXpvpav ttovtov kXjjK direpavTov. MHAEIA. KopLvdcaL yvvaxKE*;, i^rjXdou Sopov, prj poi tl pep(br}o-9' • otSa yap 7roXXov<; /3poTa>p 215 arepvovs yeywrag, rou? ^.ez; 6ppa.Ta)V oltto, tovs S' eV Ovpa'iois' 0% o d(fj \r]a"u^ox> 770009 S^cr/cXetaz^ Iktt\o~<xvto kou padvptav. Si/07 yap vvk eveiTT kv o(j)6 aXpols fipoTcov, MHAETA. 33 ocrrt? rrpiv avopbs crrrXdy^pop eKpaOeip cra^a*? 220 cnvyel 8e$opKU)<;, ovSev rjSiKrjpepos. \pr) Se £evov pep Kapra npocr^ajpeLP 7ro'A.et • ovS' olcttop rjpea ocrrts avddor]S yeycos TriKpos iroXirai^ icrrlv dpaOias vtto. epol S' deXrrTOP upaypa TTpocnrecrbp roSe 225 xjjv^-qp 8iecf)9a.pK ' ol^opat Se kou /3lov \dpip peOeura ko.tQo.pCip ^py^cj, <f>iXai. ip qj yap rjp poi irdpTa, yiypuxjKei^ KaXax;, Ka/ctcrro? dpSpcop eK/31/3r)^ ovpbs ttoo~i%. tt&ptcdp S' ocr ear epxbvya /cat ypcoprjP ey^ei 230 yvpaiKES icrp.ep dOXLO)To.rop (Jjvtop' as irpcora pep del ^prjpdrcop v7Tep/3oXrj ttoctip TTpLaaOai heo—rrcWrjP re craj/xaros Xaftelp- kokov yap tovt er' dXytop kokop • Kap ra>8' dyajf piyMTTos, ^ Kaxbp Xafielp 235 "^ yjprjCTTOP. ov yap evxXeels drraAAayat yvpai^LP, ouS' oto^ r dp-qpacrOat ttoctip. et? Katfct 8' 17^^ Kat Popovs d(f)typepy]P Set paPTLP elpat, pr) padovcrap olkoOep, oto) pdkicrTa yjprjcrerai crvptvpzTr). 240 ko.^ pep raS' ^tz^ eKiropovpepaicrLP ev 7ro<Tt5 ^vpolkj) pi] /3ta (f)epcDP £vy6p, ^r/Xairo? ataji; • et Se /X77, Bapelp y^peoip. dprjp o otop rot? eVSoi; a^OrjTai ^vpojp, egcj poXcop erravcre Kapoiap dcrrys, 245 rj irpbs (f)iXop tip t] 77-pos T^XtKas Tpatreis ■ T^/xt^ S' dpdyKYj npbs piap \\)vyj)P (SXerreiP. Xeyovcn 6' rjpas w? aKiuBwov {3lop 050 34 EYPiniAOY ^w/xev KCLT olkovs, ol Se [xdpvavrai Sopi' kclkcl)<; (f)povovi>T€<; • o><? Tpts av nap dciriha o~rr\vai 0e\oLjx av jxaXkov tj reKelv airaq. dkk ov yap avros rrpo^ ere Ka\x rjKec koyos • <toI jxev irokis 6* 178' icrrl Kal 7rarpo5 So/xot /3lov t ovtjctl^ Kal (f)i\cov o~vvovo~ia, iyco §' eprj/xos a7roXt? over vfipi^ofxau 255 7T/309 avSpos, Ik yfjs f3ap(3dpov kekrjcrfxevr), ov p.iqrep\ ovk d&ek(f)6v, ov^t avyyevrj LL€0opfXLo-ao~ 6 au rrJcrS' e^ovcra avjxcjyopd^. roaovSe S' €K aov rvy^dveiv fiovkijo-ofxai, TjV fJLOL TTOpOS T19 /XTj^aVT] T i£evp€07] 260 TTOCTLV OLK-qV TOJVO^ aVTLTLO~aO~0aL KaKOJP rov hovra r avrco dvyarip tj t iyijixaTO, o~iydv. yvvr) ydp rdkka /xev cpoftov irkea, KaKTj 8' e? o.\ktjv Kal crihiqpov elcropdv • orav 8' e? evvrjv rjOLKrjfxevr) Kvprj, 265 ovk eo~TLP dkkr) (f)pr)v fXLat.(f)Ova)T€pa. X0P02. hpdero) ra8'- eVSiKw? ydp e'tfrierei ttoctiv, MrjSeia. 7rev9elv S' ov ere davfid^oj ru^a?. opcj Se Kal Kpeovra, r^crS' dvaKTa yrjs, o-T^iyovra, Kaivtov dyyekov /3oiAeu/xara.'ZA sro K P E n N . ere tt)^ crKvOpojTTOv Kal iroaei dv\xov\xivr)v, yirj&eLav, elttov r^crSe yr^? e^co irepdv (f>vyd&a, kafiovcrav Sicrcra crw aavrrj T€Kva, MHAEIA. 35 kolI pr\ tl peXXeLV ■ ws e'yw fipafievs Xoyov tovcY et/xt, acou/c drreL/JU npbs Sopovs ttoXlv 275 7rptv av ere ycua? Teppovojv e£(o fidXaj. MHAEIA. atat • TTav(i)\y)<; rj Takaiv airoXXvpaL. i^Opol yap i^iden irdvTa St) koXcuv, kovk ecrriv arris evrrpoaoLcrTos eK/3ao~i9. iprjcrofxai Se Kal Ka/cw? 7racr^ovcr' opojs, 280 tlvos // 6KO.TL yfjs a.770o"reXXet5, Kpeov ; KPEQN. Se'Soi/ca <x\ ovSev Set TrapapireyeLv Xoyovs, pr\ jjlol tl Bpdo~y<; 7raiS' dvrjKeaTov kolkov. crvp/SdXXeTaL Se noXXd rouSe Sei/xaro? • <TO<f)r) 7T6(f)VKa<; KOL KaKOJv 7ToXXa)V iBpLS, 285 Xvnel Se XeKTpcov dvSpos eo~Tepr)pevr). kXvoj S' aTreiAelz; <x', a><? aTrayyeXXovai poL, tov SoVra ical yqpavTa kol yap.ovp.evqv hpdcreiv tl. ravr ovv irpiv rradelv (fivXa^opai. Kpelcrorop Se poi vvv irpo% cr aireydeo-Qai, yvvai, 290 rj pLaXOaKLcrOevd' v&Tepov p.eya ajeveiv. MHAEIA. (fiev <f>ev ' ov vvv pe 7rpcoTov, dXXd TroXXdxLs, Kpeov, efiXaxfje Sofa peydXa t elpyavrai Kaxd. yjp~f) S' ovttoO' ocrrt? dpTL<f>pa>v Tre(pVK dvrjp walSas TrepLcrcrojS eVStSao-zcecr^at cro^ous * 295 Xto/319 ya/3 dXXy]<; -qs eyovaiv dpycas r-soo 305 36 EYPiniAOY (f)UOVOl> 77"p05 aCTTOiV dX(f>dl>OVCrL 8v(TfJL€Vr). (TKaioicrL pev yap Ktxiva irpocrfyepoiv crocf)d odget? d^pelo<; kov ctck^o? 77ec/>u/ceVat • TtoJV O av OOKOVVTOJV CtSeWt TL TTOLKlXov Kpeiaaoiv vopLcr6e\<; Xvnpbs ev ttoXcl <^>avel. iyco oe KavTr) Trjcr&e kolvcovcj tv^tj<;. cro(f)rj yap ovcra rot? pep elp €7tl<J)9oi>o<;, [rots 8' rjav^ala, Tot? Se Oarepov Tp6nov,~\ rots 8' av TrpocravTiQs ■ elpl 8' ovk ayav ao(f>yj crv 8' av (f)o/3el p,e pr\ tl irXrjppeXes irdOys • ov^ a>8' £)(€L p,OL f per) Tpecrrjs -qpds, Kpeov, coctt ets rvpavvovs aVSpa? e^apaprdveLv. tl ydp crv p r)&LKr)Ka<; ; e^eSov tcop-qv 6t(o ere 0vpo<z y)yev. dXX' epov ttoctlv puro) • (TV 8', olpai, crax^povuiv e'Spas raSe. /cat vvv to p,ev crop ov (frOovco /caXa>9 e^eiv. vvp(f>ev€T , ev irpdcrcroiTE • TTjvhe he yQova id.Te pc oIkelv. /cat yap rjhLKYjpepoL o~Lyqcr6p,ecrda, k peter ctovojv PLKcopevoL. 315 KPEON. Xeyets d/coucrat paXdaK , dXX eieroi cfrpevaiv 6ppa>Sta pot p,rj tl fiovXevj)<; kolkov • Tocrcohe 8' rjcrcrov t) irdpos ireiroLdd o~ol ■ yvvrj ydp o^vOvpo^, cog 8' aureus avrjp, pdcov (f)vXdo~o~eLV r) <rtaj7T^Xo5 croc^o?. 320 dXX' e^tcT cog rd^to-ra, /xt? Xoyoug Xeye ■ oj? tclvt dpape, kovk e^et? Te^y-qv biros p,eveZs Trap rjpiv, ovcra hvcrpevrpi e'/xot. 310 MHAEIA. 37 MHAEIA. jxrj, 7Tyoo<? ere yovdrwv ttjs re veoydfiov Kopr)s. KPEON. \6yovs ava\ol<$ • ov yap av rreierai^ ttot4. 325 MHAEIA. dXA.' e'^eXa? /xe KovSev aiSeVei Xltols ; KPEON. 4>l\o) yap ov ere jxaWop rj So/xous e/xou?. MHAEIA. a> TraTpis, &>i crou Kapra vvv p.veiav eyoi. KPEON. 77Xt]^ yap reKveov ep.oiye (^ikrarov tto\v. MHAEIA. (f>ev (j)ev ' /3poroL<; epcore^ &>g kclkov fxeya. sso KPEON. 07TW5 av, olfxai, kou TrapaerToxriv rvyai. MHAEIA. Zev, [xrj \d0OL ere ra^S' 09 curios kclkoiv. KPEON. e/57T , a) fxaraia, /cat ju, onrdWa^ov ttovojv. 38 EYPiniAOY MHAEIA. 7Tovovfxev rjjxels kov ttovoiv Ke^pijfxeda. KPEQN. TO-X i£ ottoZu)v ^eipos ojcrdijcreL fiia. 335 MHAEIA. fir) hrJTa tovto y , dXXd a alTovp.au, Kpeou — KPEfiN. 6)(\ov 7rape^et5, d>? eoi/cas, a> yvvai. MHAEIA. <f)ev£ovjAe0' ' ov rovO* LKirevcra o~ov rvyelv. KPEftN. tl S' av /3ta£ei kovk airaWdcrcrei ^9ouo<; ; MHAEIA. fiLav fie fielvai TijvS' eaaov rjfiepav 340 /cat. ^vpirepdvai fypovTu? r) (frev^ovfieOa, TTCLLCTLV T d(f)0 p flTjV TOt<? C/XOt?, 67161 TTaTTjp ovhev irpoTifia \xr}yo.vr)cra.<jO<xi Texvois. OLKretpe o avrovq • /cat cru rot Tratow^ Tranqp 7T6(f>vKa<; • et/co? S' icrrlv evvoidv cr e^etzA 345 Tovfxov yap ov jjlol (fjpovTLs, el (f>ev£ovfie0a, /cetVous Se Kkaioi o~vfi(j)opa Ke^prjfievovq. MHAEIA. 39 KPEON. rJKL(TTa rovpov Xrjp e<j>v rvpavviKOV, aiSovpevos he iroXXd Sr) oie^Oopa • KaX vvv opco pev e^apaprdvcov, yvvat, 350 6/xojs Se reu^et rouSe • Trpovvveiroj Be croc, el <t 7) Vtoucra XapTrds oi//ercu #eou /cat 7ratSa5 eVros TrjoSe reppovav -^Oovos, Gavel' XeXexraL pvdos cu//evSr)s oSe. [Vw S\ et peveiv Set, /xi/xi/ £</>' rjpepav piav • 355 ou yap tl hpacrais heivov a)V (f)6(Sos p ex et- J XOP02. Svcrra^e ywai, <f>ev (f>ev, peXea tojv ctojv ayeutv. ttol Trore rpexjjeL ; Tiva Trpos £eviav T) SojJLOV r) yOoVOL (TOJTrjpa KOLKcJjV 360 e^evp-qcreLs ; w? et? airopov ere KXvSojva 6e6s, M-^Seia, kolkcov eiropevcre. MHAEIA. Ka.KOj<; TreirpaKTai navTa)(fj • rt? avrepel; dXX' ovrt Tavrr) ravra prj SoKelre ttoj. 365 er etcr dyaJ^e? rot? veoxjri vvpcf)LOL<;, ko\ toIctl KrjSevcracrLV ov crp.iK.poi TTOVOL. ooxels yap av pe TovSe dcoTrevcrai Trore, el pyj tl Kephaivovcrav rj Tey^vojpevrjv ; ovS' av TTpoaelirov ovh' av r)\Jjdpr)V ^epolv. 370 40 EYPiniAOY 6 o ets Tocrovrov pwpLas d(f>LKero, oxtt, igop avrco rap' iXelv /3ovXevpaTa yrjs eK^akovTi, r^VS' d(f)rJKev rjpepav pelvai p , ip fj rpels T(av ipcov eydpaiv vekoovs OtJctoj, narepa re kolI Koprjv tto<jiv t Ipov. 375 rroXXas S' eyovaa 0avacripov<; avrols 6&ov<s ovk otS' onota TTpwTov iyyeLpco, (f}[\aL, TTOTepOV VffxXXJjOJ Sd)pa VVp(f)LKOV irvpl, 7] drjKTov axrco (fxiayavov Si' r^aro?, criyfj Sopovs eicrftaa Iv ecrrpcoTai Ae^os. oso aXX ev tl jxoi irpocravTes • et Xr)(f>07]cropai oopovs viTEpfiaivovcra ko\ rey(V(Dpevq, davovaa Otjcto) toIs ipols iyOpois yeXatv. KparidTa ttjv evOelav, fj irec^vKapev (TO<f>ou paXiorra, (papuaKOLS avrous iXelv. 385 elev • kglI St) TeOvacTL • ti's ae Several rroAis ; rt? y^ davXov kcu lopovs iyeyyvov 1 ? £evo<; napao-^CDP pvcrerai Tovpbv Se/xas ; ovk ecrTL. peivacr ovv en apiKpov ypovov, r]v pev rt? -qpLP rrvpyos acr(fjaX7]S (fxipyj, ooXcp pereipi roi^Se ko.1 crtyrj fyovov • soo r\v S' i^eXawr) £vp(f>opd p dp-qyavos, avTTj ^tyos Xafiovcra, keI peXXa) davelv, ktevg) o~(j)e, roXprjS S' elpi Trpog to Kaprepov. ov yap pa TT/P oecriroivav tjv iya> o~e/3a) pdXio~Ta TrdvTOiv kol ^vvepyov eiXoprjv, EKarrjv, pvyols vaiovo~av cartas iprjS, yaipov tls avTOJP Tovpov dXyvvel Keap. 305 MHAEIA. 41 rriKpovs 8 iyco o~(f)LV /cat Xvypovs Oyjcrco ydfiovs, TTiKpov 8e /ct^Sos /cat (f)vya<z ifids ^oro'?. dAA' eta • cpeiSov fxrjhev cop eVtcrracrat, 400 M^'Seta, /SovXevovcra /cat re)(vco[xepr} • ep7r' et? ro oet^o^ • vvv dycop evipv^as- opa? a, 7racr^et5 ; ou yeXcora Set cr' 6c/>\etV rot? 2tcruc/>etot9 rot? r' 'Iacrovo? ya/xot?, yeycocrap icrdXov 7rarpo9 'HXlov t airo. 4<w eVtcrracrat Se' • irpos Se /cat 7rec6v/ca/xez/ ywat/ces, et<? /xe^ ecr#A' dp.r]yapcoTaTai, KO.KLOV Se TTaPTCOP T6KTOP€S croc/>&>rarat. XOP02. v A^co 7roTa[xcZu iepcop ^copovcrL irayai, <rrp. a. /cat St/ca /cat ircivra irdXip crrpe'c^erat. 411 dvSpdcxL [lev SoXtat /3o vXai, #ed>z; S' ovketl 7Ttcrrt? dpapev ' Tap 8' e'/xdf evxXeiap e^eip Plotclp cxTpeifjovcrL c/>a/xat ■ ep^erat rt/xd yvpaiKeico yeVet ■ ovketl Svcr/ce'XaSo? c/>d/xa ywat/cag efet. 420 fjLOvcrai oe TraXaiyepecop Xrj^ovcr ololScip <xvt. a. rctj^ e/xaz^ v/xpevcraL aiTLcrTocrvpap. ov yap Ip d/xere/m ypcojxa Xvpas conacre Qectttlp doL&dp 425 ( J>ot/3o<?, dyrjTcop /xeXecop • eVet dpTa^rjcr dp v/xpop dpcrepcop yeppo. • /xaKpbs 8' atwi> e)(et TroXXd jjiep d/xerepap dphpcop re /xolpap eIttelp. 430 42 EYPiniAOY (TV 8' €K /jl€p oikidv irarpuxiiv eVXevcra? <rTp. p'. ficuvofAeva Kpaota, otov/xa? opiaacra. ttoptov irerpas • err\ Se £iva 435 iWei? ^Oopl, ras avdvopov /coira? oXe'cracra XeKTpop, rdXaipa, (frvyds Se ^alpas art/xog eXavpei. /3ej3a.Ke S' opKcov -^dpis, ouS' eV atSw? &vt. p'. 'EXXaSi ra jxeydXa jxepec, aidepia 8' dvenra. 440 croi 8' ovre narpos So/xoi, Sucrrai'e, /xeOopfxicracrdaL Ixo^Ocop irdpa, tcop Se XeKTpojp aXXa /3ao"tXeia Kpetcrcrujp Sojxols iiravdcTTa. 445 I A 2 £2 N . Ou ^uz^ /careuW 7rpa)TOv aXXa 7roXXa/<-i? rpayeiav opyrjP w? djirf^avov k<xkop. crol yap irapov yrjp TTjvhe koI hojxovs ^X eLP Kovcfxos (frepovcrr) Kpeicrcrovatv /3ovXevp.aTa, Xoyojp fiaraiajv ovvek eKTreael ^Oopos. 450 Aca/xot /u.e> ovSep irpdy/xa • ^17 Travcrrj irore Xeyova \acrcop oj? ko.kl(tt6$ ear aprjp ' a S' ets rvpdppovs icrrC ctol XeXey/xeVa, Tra^ Kepooq -qyov t^^xiovp-'epy] <f>vyf). Kayw fxep del fiacriXecop Ov/jLOVfxepcjp 455 opyds d(f)rjpovp K<xi cr i{3ovX6jjL7)'p fiepeLP • crv 8' ov/c d^iei? /xw^oia?, Xfyova*' act MHAEIA. 43 kclkojs Tvpdvvovq' roiyap e/c7recret -)(6ovo^. OfJLOJS Se KOLK TOJ^S' OVK a.TT€Lp7]KC0^ (f)tkoL<; tjkoj, to o~bv Se Trpoo~K07roviAevo<;, yvvai, 4so o>5 p.T]T ay^prjfxcDV arvv tIkvomtiv Ik7t£o~t\% fjL7]T eVSer?9 tov ' -rroXX' e^e'X/cerat cf>vyr) kolko. £vv avTy • /cat yap el av fxe cm/yet?, ovk av hwai^v crol /ca/cojs (ppovelv nore. MHAEIA. <■» V w TrayKaKLCTTe, tovto yap a enreiv e^co i^ yXcocrcrrj \xiyio~rov ets avavhpiav KaKOV, r}X0es 7T/305 T^txa?, rjXOes, e^d lottos yeyw? ; [#eot5 re /cct/xot iravri r dv0pd>7ro)v yeVet ;] ourot Opdcros roS' £cttIv ovS' euroX/xta, <f>iXov<s /ca/cajs SpdcravT IvavTLOv /SXeVeti;, 470 ctXX' 77 jxeyLcrTr) tojv £v dvdpomoLS voctojv iraaoiv, duatScL • eu S' eVotTycras fjLoXa>v. iyd> re yap Xe^acra Kov<f)Lo~0rjo~OfxaL \fjv)(r)v /ca/cw? ere /cat en) Xv-rr-qaeL kXvcjv. £k tcov oe irptiiTOiv 7rpa)T0v dp^o/xat XeyeLV. 475 ecrojera cr , a>5 icracriv 'EXXtJvcdv ocrot ravrbv o-vv£Lcre(3r]o-ap 'Apytoov cr/cdc/)o?, 7T€[JL(f)0euTa Tavpcuv TTvpirvooiV l-nio~TaTr]V £evyXato"t kol o—rrepovvra Oavdcrip.ov yvr)v • SpaKovTa S\ 09 Trdyyjpvo-Qv d/xTre'^cov Sepas 480 o~7T€LpaL<; ecra>£e ttoXvttXokols avirvos oiv, KTetvacr dv£o~yov crot (fyaos o~o)Tr\piov. avTr) Se Ttarepa /cat So/xov? irpo&ovcr ifiovs ttjv YItjXlojtlv et9 IaA/co^ LKOfxrjv 44 EYPiniAOY crvv croi, rrpoOvpos paWov y) o~o<f)(oTepa, 485 UeXuxv r aireKTeiv , axrrrep aky lcttov davelv, iraiowv vtt olvtov, irdvTa o i^eckov fyofiov. Kai ravO' v(f) rjpcov, &> kolklctt dvopcov, iraOcov upovoajKas rjpas, Kaiva o' eKTrjcra) kevrj Tfaihcov yeycoTajv • el yap r]0~Q' > cotcus en, 490 (TvyyvuHTT dv rjv crot toxjo epao~6rjvai Xe^ou?. opKojv he (ftpovhr) ttlcttls, ouS' e^co paBelv rj 6eov$ vopi^et^ tov<$ tot ovk apvetv en, 7) Kaiva Keio~6ai 0eo~p ev dvOpconoLq to. vvv, eirei o~vvoio~6d y eis ep ovk evopKOs d>v. 495 <$>ev Septet xelp, 175 o~v 7roXX' e\ap/3dvov koI T(i)vhe yovaTcov, w? paTiqv Ke^p^crpeQa KCLKOV 7Tp09 dvhpOS, ikTTlSoJV 8' T)pdpT0peV. ay • o>5 <fj:\cp ydp ovtl ctol Koivcncropai, hoKOvcra pev tl irpos ye crov Trpd^eiv Kak<x>% ; soo o/xco5 S' • epa)TY]0el<; ydp alo-^icov <j>avel. vvv ttoI Tpdrrcopai ; iroTepa -rrpbq naTpbs hopovs, ov? crol npohovo~a Kai iraTpav d(f)iKopr)v ; rj Trpbs raXatVa? ITeXtaSa?; Kakojs y dv ovv he^aivTo p olkols S)v naTepa KaTeKTavov. sos eyei yap ovtoj • rot? pev oiKouev c/>l'Xch5 ey^Opd KaOeaTTi^ , ou? 8e p ovk ixPV p ^a/ccos Spav, crol ^dpiv (bepovcra rrokepiovs e^ai. TOiydp jxe nokkals paKapiav dv EXXaoa. eOrjKas dvrl TOJvSe ■ OavpacrTov Se ere 5io e^a> TTo'crt^ /cat ttlcttov tj Takaiv eyco, el (fiev^opai ye yaiav eK/3ej3kr]pevr], (fjikojv eprjpo 1 ?, crvv tIkvois povrj povoi^' MHAEIA. 45 kclXop y oVetSo? rco vecocrrl vv{JL(f)L(i), tttco^ovs dXdcrdai 7iatSa5 17 r ecrcocrd ere, sis a) Zev, tl S17 ^pvaov pep o? Kij38r)Xos fi T€KfJLT]pL dv6p(x)TTOl(TlV W7ra<Xa<? (TO.(f)r}, dvSpcov 8' otco xprj tov kclkov StetSeVat, ovSets x a P aKT VP ifJL7re(fiVKe cr&j/xart / XOP02. Setinj rt<? opyrj /cat Sucrtaros neXec, 520 orav <f)i\oL c^tXotcrt crvpfidXaicr epti>. IA2CN. Set /x', w5 eot/ce, firj kolkov fyvvai Xeyeiv, dXX' wore vab<; Kehvbv olaKOcrrp6<f)ov (XKpouTL \a.L(f>ov<; Kpaarirehois VTTeKhpapeiv tyjp crrjp aro/xapyop, a> yvvai, yXcocrcraXyiav. 525 eyat o , eVetor) /cat Xiav Trvpyols ^apiv, Y^virpiv vopitia rf)<; eprjs vo.VK.Xr)pia<; CTO)T€Lpav eivat Oecov re kcxvO paiiroiv povrjv. (tol S' ecrrt pev vovs Xe77Tog, dXX' enicfidovos Xoyos &LeX0eLV, w? v Epw? o-' rjvdyKacre 530 robots dc/)i5/crot<? rovpbv e'/ccrwerat Se/xas. aXX ov/c d/cpt/3a>s avro drjcropai Xlo.v ' 07717 -yap ow covqeras, ov /ca/cais e^et. peu^oj ye pevroi tt)s e'/j.rj'? arwTf]pia% etXr^ag ^ oe'oco/ca?, co? e'ya; (fjpdcra). 535 TTpZiTov pev 'EXXdS' d^rt fiapfidpov ^doubs yalav /carot/cetg /cat Slkyju eVto-racrat vofxoLS re xprjcrOai prj Trpbs tcr^vo? X^P LV ' 40 EYPIITIAOY 7rdVre? Se a tjctOovt ovcrav "EXX-^ve? ao<f>r)v kglI &6£av ecr^€5 • et Se yrjs iir ecr^arot? 540 OpOLCTLP toKCt?, OVK O.V TjV \6yOS (T€0€V. elrj 8' epotye fxrJTe ^p^cro? *v Sopot? firjT , Op(f)ico<s kclWlov vfjivrjcrai, fxeXos, et fxrj Vtcn^po? r) rvyj) yivono fxoi. Toaavra peVrot tcov e'paw ttovcov iripi 545 eXe^' • ajJuWav yap cri) TrpovOrfKas Xoycov. a 8° et? yapov? pot /3acrtXt/<ou? a)i>etStcra?, eV TwSe Set^a) irpwra peV o~oc/>o? yeya>s, eVetra cro)(f>pa)P, etra crot peya? c^tXo? /cat 7raio~i rot? i/xoLcrtv ■ dXX' e^' ^crv^o?. sso eVei p.ericrT'qv oevp 'Ja>X/aa? \dopb<; 77oXXa? i(f>eXi<cov crup^opa? apjrj^avov^, tl tovS' <xi> evprj/x' evpov evTvyirrTepov , rj 7ratSa yrjfxai /3ao~tXe'to? (fivyas yeyax; ; °^X' V °"^ KVl £> ei > °~ ol/ M^ E^Oaipoiv Xe^o?, 555 Kcuvrjs Se vv/x(f)7]S l/xepco 7re7rXT7ypeVo?, ov& et? ajxiWav tto\vtekvov cnrovSrjv eyuv • aXt? yap ot yey core? ouSe pep(£opai • aXX' w?, ro peV peyurTov, oiKOipev /caXa>? /cat p?) cnravL^QLpecrOa, yLypaxTKcou otl seo Trivryro. c/>euyet 7rct? Tt? e'K7roSa;^ c/>t'Xo?, 77atSa? Se ^pe't/zatp' a^tw? 3opa>z; ipcov, cr7retpa? t aSeXc/>ou? toZctiv Ik creOev re'/cfot? et? Tavrb BeirjV koX ^vvapTijcras yivos evSaifxopoirjp. crot re yap 7ratoa)^ Tt Set; 565 epot Te Xvet rotcrt peWovcriv re'/crot? ra £aW ovrjacu. paii; /3e/3ouXevpai /ca/caj? ; MHAEIA. 47 ovS' av crv (Jxxltjs, ei ere fir} Kvitpi Xe^o?. dXX' ets rocrovrov rjKeO' coctt opdovfievrj^ evvrjs yvvalices iravr ey^iv fo/xi£ere, 570 tjv S' av yevrjTai £vjjL(f)opd ns et? Xe^o?, rd Xwcrra /cat /caXXicrra TroKe/JLLc^raTa TidecrOe. XPV P 7^-P a XXoOev iroOev /SpoTovs ncuSas T€kvov(tO<xi, OrjXv S' ouk eti^ai yevos • ^outgjs az^ ov/c 17V ovSei^ dvOpcoiroLS kclkov. 575 XOP03. 'idcro^, eu /xe^ rovcrd' eKocrfArjcras Xoyovs • o/xcu? S' efiotye, Kel irapa yvcofxrjv ipco, So/cet? 77poSoL»s crr)^ aXo^o^ oi> Strata Spdv. MHAEIA. ^ noXXd noXXols et/xt Sioicfropos fipOTQJV. e/xot yap octtls a8t/<05 wv cro<f)b<; Xeyeiv 530 TTe<f)VK€, jr\ei<jrrjv tprjjXLav o^XiaKavei ■ yXcocrcrr) yap avyuiv TahiK ev irepLcrTeXeiv, roXfxa iravovpyelv • ecrri 8' ova: ayav cro^os. ojs /cat cru /xr) iw ets e/x' evay^rnjxov yivrj Xeyeiv re Seiko's • ez^ yap eKrevel cr e'7705 ■ 536 XPW °" > ttirep rjcrOa /at) /caKog, ireicravTa ixe yafJLtLV ydfxov roVS', dXXa, /x^ o"ty^ (f)[Xo)V. IA2f2N. koXojs y av ovv crv ra>S' vinqperei^ Xoyco, el o~oi ydfjiop Karenrov, 17715 ovSe jw ToXfias p.eOelvai Kap&ias fxeyav ^qXoi^. sno 48 EYPiniAOY MHAEIA, ov tovto a eT)(€i>, dXXd fidpfiapov Xe^os 7rpos yrjpas ovk evho^ov i£e/3ouve croi. IA212N. ev vvv toV l<t6l, /jltj yvvcuKOs ovveKa yrjfxaL fxe XeKrpa fiacrikeajv a vvv e^oj, dXX , ojcnrep elirov koX ndpos, crcucraL Bikcov ere /cat tIkvokji rots e/xots 6p.ocnr6pov5 (fivcrai rvpdvvovs 7rcuSas, epvjxa Sa>/xacrLV. MHAEIA. psq /jlol yevoLTO \v7rpbs evSat/jLcov ySto?, /JL7)0 6\j3oS OCTTLS T7]V ifXTJV KVltpi (f)piva. IA2DN. oiaO* co? /xerevfei kou cro(f)0)Tepa (fyavei ; rd ^prjcrrd \kr] ctol Xvnpd (f)a.Lvecr$(o ttot4, pnqcV evrvyovcra SvcrTv^rjs elvai So/cet. MHAEIA. v/3piC iireihr) crol fiev ecrr aTToarpo^rj, iyco S' ep-q/jLOS rrjvhe (fjev^ov/xaL yBova.. IA20N. avrrj raS' eikov • p."qhev dXXov cutioj. eos MHAEIA. tl Soaicra ; /jlojv ya/xovcra kch tt pooovcrd ere ; 600 MHAEIA. 49 IASfiN. apas TvpdvvoLS avocriovs dpajpepyj. MHAEIA. Kal cro ts dpala y ovcra rvyydpoi Sd/xot?. IASftN. w<? ov Kpivovpai T0)P$e o~oi rd irXeiopa. dXX* el tl [BovXei ttclmtIv tj cravTrj^ <f>vyr) eio tt poo~o)(f>eXrjpa ^p-qpdr cjp ipwp Xafieip, Xey • to? eroipos d(f)d6vq) Sovvau X e P^ ^eVois re irepireiv crvp/3o\\ ot Spdaovcri, cr' ev. Kal ravra prj OeXovcra paipavels, yvvai ' Xrj^acra S' opyrjs KepSapels dpeipopa. 615 MHAEIA. ovt dp tjevoicri tomti crot? xpyjcraipeO* dv, ovt dv rt Se^atpecrda, prjO* rjplp SiSov • kolkov yap dpopbs Swp' optqctlp ovk e^ei. IA2QN. t dXX' ovp eyco pep baipopas p.aprvpopai, co? irdpQ^ vrrovpyeiv crol re Kal TeKPOLS 6eXa> • 620 crot S' ovk dpecTKei Tayd0\ dXX? avOahia (fiiXovs dirco0el' Toiydp aXyvpel rrXeop. MHAEIA. \ojpei ' ttoOo) yap T77? peoSpyJTOv Koprp; alpei -^popi^cjp dcopdrcop i£a>7TL0S ' 50 EYPiniAOY vu/x(^eu'* Lcra)<; ydp ' avv 6eto S' elprjo-erai' 625 ya/xets roiovrov cocrre a dpveiadai ydfxov. XOP02. Epaires vrrep fxev ayav e'\#cWe<? ovk evho^iav o-rp. a. ouS' dperdv napeScoKav dvSpdaiv el S' aXi? e\6oi KvnpLS, ovk - aXXa #eos ev^apLS ovtcds. 63i jxrjTTOT ', a) hid no iv , eV e'/xoi ^pvcrecov to^cov i(f>eir)<; 1/jLepo) ^ptcraa acfiVKTov oicttov. dvT. a. crrepyoi he \xe crcocfrpoavva, ha)prj[ia koWmttov 0ea>v • fjL7)he ttot djji(f)L\6yov<; opyds aKopecrd re veiKt], dvpov eKrrXrj^acr erepois eVl \eKrpois, 639 Trpocr/3d\oL heuvd Kv7rpis, aTTToXejAOvs S' ewas cre/3i- d£v(f)pG)v Kpivoi Xexi ywaiKuv. a) TTa.TpL<$, (b Sw/xara, /xt) o-Tp. p'. hrJT airoXts yevoijiav tov dfAr)~xavias e^ovcra hvcnrepaTov aloiv ', oiKTporaTOV d^eaiv. 647 Oavdrco Oavdrco ndpos Sa/xeu?^ dyepavravb^ e^avvcracra- pLO^Oajv S' ovKaWosvirepOevr) yas Trarpias (TTEpecrOai. 652 elhojxev, ovk e£ erepoiv av-r. p\ fj.v0ov e^co (j)pdaao~0ai • ere yap ot> 7roXt5, ou fy'iXwv Tt? ajKTicrev iraOovcrav heivorara rraOeaiV. 655 d^dpLCTTOs oXol0\ orco rrapecrTi MHAEIA. 51 fir] (f)[\ov<; Tip.av, KaOapav dvoi^avra kXtj^ol (fypevcov * iixol fiev (JjlXos ovttot ecrrat. ec2 AITEY2. Mr^Seta, x a ^P e ' T0 ^ e J^-P TrpooifJLLov KciWiov ovSels olSe 7rpoa(f)(jopeLV <£i'Xou<?. MHAEIA. <5 X a ^P 6 K0 ^ L a V> TTCLL (TO(f)OV UavSiOVOS, 665 Alyev. TTodev yyjs TrjcrS' eTrLCTTpaxpa neSov ; AITEY2. tf?oifiov iraXaibv eKknrcov XP 7 ] (TT7 1P L0V ' MHAEIA. tl S' 6/x^xxXoy yry? dearncohov eaTakrjS ; AITEY2. 7ratoa;^ ipevvcop cnrepjx oVoj? yivouo jjlol. MHAEIA. 7rpos Oeoiv, aVcus yap Seup' act retVei? (3lov ; AITEY2. MHAEIA. Sa/xapro? ovcnqs, r) Xe'^ovg aVeipos iov; 670 52 EYPiniAOY AITEY2. ovk icrfJLEP evvfjs a^vyes ya/xr^Xtov. MHAEIA. rt Srjra &olj3o<; eirre ctol iraihcav rrepi ; AITEY2. (To<j)(i)Tep rj kclt dvhpa crv/JL/BaXelv enr). crs MHAEIA. Oejjus fxev r)[ias ^prjor/xov elhevai deov ; AITEY2. fxakicrT, in el tol /cat crocks Setrcu fypevos. MHAEIA. n S^r' e)(pr)cre ; \e£ov, el #e/us /cXvet^. AITEYS. dcTKor) fie rov ffpov^ovTa jx-q Xvaau 7708a — MHAEIA. ffplv av tl Spdcrrjs 77 riv i^ixr) ^66va ; AITEY2. ffpiv av ffarpcoav au#i<? eariav fxokco. MHAEIA. crv o ajq Tt ^pji^ojv rrjvhe vavcrrokels ^06va ; 6so MHAEIA. 53 AITEY2. ULT0evs tis e<TTL yr]<; dva^ Tpoi^rjvias. MHAEIA. 7rcu5, ojs \eyov(TL, UeXoiros eucre/3eo"TaTog. AITEY2. tovto) 6eov (xdvTeviia KoivaJcraL OeKco. ccs MHAEIA. Cronos ydp av-qp koX rpi(3a)P tol roiaoe. AITEY2. kcljjlol ye 7t6.vto)v ^nAraros Sopv^evcov. MHAEIA. dXX' evTV)(oi-qs Kai Tvyois octojv epag. AITEY2. rt ydp crop ofxp.a XP°^ T€ o~vpt€TY)x o'Se ; MHAEIA. Atyev, kcx/cictto? ecrrt /zot tt&vtoiv rrocrt?. AITEY2. Tt (£77? ; cra^xio? /^.oi era? $>pao~ov hvcrdvp-ia^. MHAEIA. aSi/cei // 'lacrcDi^ ovhkv i£ i/j.ov rraQuiv. 690 695 54 EYPiniAOY AITEY2. tl xprjfxa Spacras ; (fipd^e jxol cra(f)ecrTepov. MHAEIA. yvvaiK icf) rjfiLP SecnroTtv ho/xajv e^et. AITEY2. rj ttov TeToXfJLrjK epyov cuo"xj.(ttov roSe ; MHAEIA. crdfi lad' • art/xot o icrpev ol irpo tov (fiikoL. AITEY2. irorepop ipacrOels r) crop i^daipcov Xe^os; MHAEIA. \xiya.v y epcoTa* ttlcttos ovk ecf)V <f)CkoL<;. AITEY2. Irco vvv, drrep ws Xeyeis ecrr^ Ka/co?. MHAEIA. dvhpcov Tvpdvvojv Krj&os rjpdo~0r] \a/3elp. ~oo AITEYS. oi'Saicri 8' avroj T19 ; Trepaive [xol \6yov. MHAEIA. Kpecov, og dp)(€L TrjaSe yr)S KopivOLas. MHAEIA. 55 AITEY2. crvyyvcocTT dyav dp" -qv ere \vTrelcr6ai, yvvai. MHAEIA. oXoAo. ' Kal Trpo? y efeXawo/xai ^Oovos. 705 AITEY2. 77po? tov ; toS' aXXo Kaivov av Xe'yeis kclkov. MHAEIA. Kpeaiv yx' eXavvei (frvydSa yrjs KopLvOias. AITEYS. ea 8' 'lacrojv ; ovSe ravr' itrfjvecra. MHAEIA. Aoyw /u.ez^ ov^t, Kaprepelv Se fiovXerai. aXX' aWo/xcu ere rrjeroe Trpbs yeveidSos yovdroiv re ra^ crai^ t/cecrta re ylyvoLiai, oixreipov oiKTeipov fxe ttjv hverSatLiova Kal [At] lC eprjfjLOp eKneeroverav eleriSys, 8e£at 8e X^P a Ka ^ Sd/xoi? e^eerriov. ovtojs ep&j? crot 7rpo9 #ea>i> reXecrc^opos yevono nalSajv, /cavros 6\/3lo<; Odvots. 715 evprjfxa 8' ouk oier6' oiov evpr)Ka<; roSe • 7ravcraj 8e a - ' cW aVcuSa Kal Traie)a)V yovds enreipal ere OiJctcd • rotaS' oTSa (pdpLcaKa. 710 56 EYPIIIIAOY AITEY2. TToWcoP EKOLTl TYjp'oe CTOL SoVVCLl ^dpLP, yvvai, irpoOvfJios elpi, irpatTa pep Oewp, vso eireira ttcllSov oiv eVotyyeXXei yopd^. €t5 tovto yap Br) (ppovBos elpi 770.5 iyco. ovto) o' e^et poi • aov pep ekdovcrqs ^(dova, 7TEipa.crop.ai aov irpo^eveiv BiKatos dtp. [roaopBe pePTOL croi irpoaiqpaipoi, yvvai ■ 725 e'/c rrjaBe pep yr)s ov a dyeip /3ov\r]aopaL, avTr) o edpirep £15 epovs ekOrjq Bopovs, pepels acriAos kov ae pr) pedd> tlpl.^\ €K rr)aBe S' avrr) yrjs drraWdaaov iroBa • apaiTios yap kol £epoc<; elpai 6eXco. 730 MHAEIA. earai too • dXXct ttlcttls el yepouo poi tovtojp, e^ot/x az^ udpra 7rpos aeOep Ka\w?. AITEY2. /xa>j> ov TreTTOiOas ; rj tl croi to Bvay^epe^ ; MHAEIA. TreiToiOa • TleXlov S' e'x#po5 earl poi Sd/j.05 Kpecop re. TOVT015 o\ bpKioiai pep tpyeis, "35 ayovaw ov pedei ap Ik yaias epe • Xoyoi5 Be avp/3a<$ Kal Becop dpwporos, (f)L\o<$ yepoC dp Kan LKrjpvKev para ra^' dp ttlBol ere • rdpd pep yap daBeprj, roi5 S' oX/3o5 ecrrt Kal S0/X05 rvpappiKos. 740 MHAEIA. 57 AITEYS. iroWrjv eXefa?, <S yvvai, TTpopsqQiap ' dXX' el ogkel (tol, Spdp raS' ovk d^tcrra/xat. etioi re ydp rdo* icrrlv dcr^aXecrrara, (TKr/xJjLv tiv i^OpoZ^ ctols e^ovTa 'oeiKPVPai, to crop t dpape /xdXXop * igrjyov deovs. 715 MHAEIA. o/xz^v 7reSoz^ Tin? Trarepa y 'HXlop narpbs tovjjlov Oeoiv re crwri^els d7ra^ yepo<;. AITEY2. Tt -^prjfxa SpdcreLP tj tl /xt) Spdcretp ; Xeye. MHAEIA. /u^r' avrog e/c y^5 crr]9 e/x' iK/3aXelp irore, jxrjT aXXog 17^ rt? toj^ e/xajz^ i^Opcop dyeip 750 XPV^V' j J - e @ r j°~ ei >V IJjJP eKOVCTLO) rpoiroj. AITEY2. 0/xvvfj.L Tcuap 'HXiov #' dyyo^- cre'/Sa? Oeovs re iraPTas ifxpevav d o~ov kXvoj. MHAEIA. apKEL ' TL O OpKO) TCOO€ jXTj [XjJ,€PO)P TTaUOlS ', AITEY2. a tolctl ovcro-efiovo-i yiyperai fiporoip. 755 58 EYPiniAOY MHAEIA yaipcav 7ropevov • Travra yap /caXws ex et " Kayco ttoXlv crrjv ws rd^iar a<£t£o/xai, rrpd^acr a fxeXXcj /cat tv^ovct a /3ov\o/jLai. XOP02. aXXa a" o Matas 7ro/x7rato9 dva^ 7reXacrete So/xots, <Sv t' iTrivoiav 7co o"7revSets Kariyoiv Trpd^etas, eVet yewatog dvqp, Alyev, Trap e/xot SeSo/c^crat. MHAEIA. a) Zev At/c^ re Zrjvbs 'HXtou re <£oj?, W KoXXiVLKOL TWV ifJLCOP i^OpCJP, (filXai, 7G5 yevrjaofiecrOa /ceis 6Bbv fiafirjKafxev • vvv o iXwls i^Opovs tovs e/xou? riaeiv $lkt)v. ovtos yap cti^p t) /xaXtcrr' eKaixvofxev \l[mt]V Trifyavrai tcdv efxatv /3ovXevfJLaTO)P • e/c rovS' dvaxfjo/jLeada Trpv/jLviJTr)v kclXcov, no I±oX6vt€<; dcTTv /cat TToXiafxa ITaXXaSos. rjSr) Se Travra rd/xd crot /3oiAeu/xara Xe^oi • Se-^ov Se fxr) rrpbs rjhov-qv Xoyovs. irefixfjaa ificov riv olk€tojp lacrova etg oxJjlp eXOeiv ttjv i/xr]v aiTTJcro/xaL • ~~5 jxoXovTL S' aura) /xaXOaKovs Xe^co Xoyovs, o)<? /cat So/cet /xot ravra /cat /caXaK e'^et, [ya/xous rvpdvvcDV ovg 7rpoSous ^/xas e^et /cat ^vjx^op elvai /cat /caXa>s eyvcocrfieva '] MHAEIA. 59 TraiSas Se jxeivai tovs ijxov<; alTtjo~ofi.au, 780 ov^ o»5 XuroOo-' av 7roXe/xta5 eVt ydopos eyOpoicn 7rcuSas rov? ifiovs Kadvfip'io~ai, dXX' a>s So'Xoio~i 7ratSa /3acriXeci>s ktoivco. 7re/xi//aj yap ai)Tovs Swp' e^wras ev yepoiv pvp.(f)r) (f>epoPTas, TtjpSe fxrj <^evyeip y(6ova, 7S5 \eirrov re rreirXov /cat ttXokop ^pvo~rjXaTov • Koivnep Xa/3ovo~a ko<j\xov dfx<^i6rj XP°^> /ca/cws oXetrat 77as #' 05 ai^ 0ty?7 Kopr)<; ' TOLolaSe xpLcrco cfrapfxaKois Scoptj/xaTa. ivTavOa fiePTOi roVS' dnaWoicrcroj \6yov • 7ao a»/xw^a S' otof epyop ear epyacrriov rovvrevOev rjfxlp • t€kvol yap KaraKTevoj rap! • ovtls ecTTLv ocrrt? i^acptjaeTai • So/xop re iravra crvyy^iaa 'ldo~ow? e^eijXL yauxs, (piXTarcop Traiocop <J)6pop 795 <f)£vyovaa kclI rXacr' epyop apocncoTaTOP. ov yap yeXdo~6ai tXtjtop i£ i^Opwp, c^iXai. itco • rt /xot £r/i> Ke'pSos ; oure /xot -rraTpls ovt oi/co? earip ovt d~roo~T po<f)Y] Kancwp. rjjxdprapop t69\ tjpik e^eXifxirapop 800 oofjiovs TTarptpovs, aVSpos 'EWrjpos Xo'yois TTELcrOelcr, 09 17/xiz; crw #ew ruxei SiKrjp. ovt i£ ijj.ov ydp rralSas oxperai rrore £aWas to Xoittop ovte Trjs z^eo^uyot; pvp,(f)-q<$ TEKPwaei 7ratS', eVel KaKrjp Ka/cw? 805 Oapelp cr(f> dpdyKTj tois i/xolcn <f)apfid,KOi.<;. /A^Sei's /xe (pavXrjp Kacrdepr) po/xL^eTO) /u/^S' tfcrv^aiap, dXXd Oarepov rponov, GO EYPiniAOY (Bapelav i^6pol<; koL fyiXoicriv cvpevrj • roiv yap TOiovroiv evKXeeo-raros /3ios. 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Kajxol KaT ocrcrcov ^Xcopbv ajp/xijOrj hdxpv • /cat \xr\ TTpofiairj jxeitpv 77 to vvv Kaxov. i a 2 n n . at^ai, ywai, raS', ovS' eKetva fxe'ixcfyojxaL • G4 EYPiniAOY ei/<os yap opydq 6rjXv TroieiaOai yevos, ydfxovs 7rapeix7ro\a>VTO<; dXXoiovs, Trocrec. 910 aXX' et? to \q)ov crov fxedecrTrjKev Keap, eyvcos he rrjv vlkcoctolv dXXd tco ^povco fiovXrjV • yvva.iK.os epya ravra (jax^povos. vfxcov he, noiSes, ovk a^povTicrroi^ irar-qp ttoXXtjv eOrjKe crvv deols Trpo[ir\Qiav • 915 oifioLL yap u/xas Trjcroe yrj<; KopLvOtas to. irpcxiT ecrecrOai crvv KacnyvrJTOLs en. dXX' av^dvecrOe • rdXXa S' e^epyd^erai TraTqp re Kal 9e<ov ocrrts ecrnv evp.evrj^ • looljxl S' v/xa? evTpa<f)el<$ rj/3r]<; TeXos 920 xioXoVras, eyOpwv twv ep-wv imeprepovs. avTr), tl ^Xajpols hancpvoLS Teyyeis Kopas (TTpexfjacra XevKrjv eprraXtv rraprjiha, kovk acrfievr) roVS' e^" epov he^ec ^oyov ; MHAEIA. ovhev ' TeKvojv tcjvcV ivvoovpevrj irj.pi. 925 IA2QN. Odpcrec vvv - ev yap . . rcovhe Orjcropai \jrepi\. 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' 945 (TvWiqxjjopaL Se rouSe <xoi /cdyw irovov • ireprjja) yap avrfj Saip', d KaXXicrreuerai raiv vw eV avOpcoTroicriv, ot8' eyw, 7roXv, [Xe7rro^ re ireirXov koI ttXokou ^pvcnjXaTovj G6 EYPiniAOY 77"aiSa.<? <j>ipovra<;. dXX oaov ra^o? -^pecov 950 KOCTfJLOV KOjXi^eiV &€VpO TTpOaTToXoJP TIVO.. evhaipovrjcrei o ou^ ev dXXd pvpia, dp&poq t dpicrTov crov Tv^over opevverov KeKT-qjievrj re Kocrpov ov ttoO HXtos iroLTpos Trarrjp hlboiCTlV eKyOVOKJIV CHS. 955 Xd^vcrde (pepvas racrSe, 77cuSes, et? X^P a<; koX Trj Tvpdvvco paxapLa vvpfyrj 8ore (pepovTes ' ovtol Swpa. pepirrd Several. I A 2 n N . rt 8', a> po.To.ia, TOivhe eras /ce^ot? X^P a<? » 8o/<ets cnravi^eiv Sa>/xa fiacriXeiov ttzttXcdv, 960 SoKet? 8e xpvcrov ; crcp^e, prj 81801; raSe. eiirep yap rjpas a^tot Xoyou tivo<$ yvvrj, irpoOrjaei -^prjpdrojv, crdcf)' oio eyw. MHAEIA. /at? /xot erv • TreiOeiv Sajpa Kal #eovs \0y09 • Xpucro<? 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XpvaroTevKTov re arecbavov irepidicrdai - veprepots 8' 77S77 Trdpa vvp<f)OKopr)creL. 985 ToZbv ets ZpKOs ireo-eZrai koI fxolpav da.v6.rov Svo-ravos ' drav o ov^ VTrep(j)6v^€Tai . . . arp. p'. o~v 8', al rdXav, a> KaKovvpcfre Krjhepcov rvpdvvaiv, 9J0 iraicrlv ov /caretSw? oXedpov /Bloto. Trpocrdyeis oAo^oj re era arvyepov 6d- VOLTOV. SvcTTave, poipas oaov napo'i^ei. 995 peTacrrevopat Se croi> dXyoq, a> TaXawa ttollScov avr. p'. pdrep, a (f>ovevcreLS rtxva vvpcfahicov eveKev Xeyiow, a croc TrpoXiTrtov dvo- /XCJ<? 1000 aXXa. ^vvoiKti ttoctls o~vvevvoj. nAIAATiiroS. AecnroLV, d(f>eivTo.L waives ouSe o~oi (frvyrjs, 1005 68 EYPiniAOY /cat ocopa vvfA(f>7) ySacrtXis dcr/xevrj -^epolv iSe^ar • elp-qvyj Se TaKeWev tekvols. ea. tl crvy^yOeicr ebr^/cag j]vik curi^eis; \ji crrju erpexjjas e/A7raXti> 7rapr)i$a kovk ao"fA€vr) toVS' e£ e/xoi) Se^ei \6yov ;] MHAEIA. atai. nMAArnros. TaS' ou £w&)S<x rotcrtv e^yyeX/xo/o 19. MHAEIA. atai /xaX' avdcg. 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Xvirovcrav avTrjv Sts rocra KTacrOai ko.k.6. ; ov hf)T eywye. ^atoeraj fiovXevpaTa. KatVot rt traayo) ; fiovXopai yeXcoT 6(f>Xeiv eydpovs pedeicra. Tovq ipovs d^rjpiovs ; ioso ToXprjTeov rctS'. ctXXa r^9 e/u.179 kolky)*;, to koI TrpoecrOai paXOaKovs Xoyovs (ftpevos. ^wpetre 7ratSe5 et<? Sopovs * otw Se /xr) 6epi<; irapelvai rot? ipolcri Ovpacriv, avT(p peXijcrei * X e ^P a ^' °^ &La<f)0epa). 1055 a. a. ttr) S^ra, dvpe, p~q ttot epydajj raSe • eacrov avrov?, w TaXav, c^etcrat tckpcop • e/cet /xe#' rjpayp £aWes ev(f>papovcri ere. jua rou5 Trap' 'AiSt? vepTepovq aXacrropas, ourot 7ror' ecrrat tovO* oVoj? e'^^otg eyw 1060 7ratoa9 Traprjcrai tovs epovs Kadvfipicrai. [irdvTcos o~(fj dvdyKYj Ko.T0a.peip ■ eVet Se ^P 1 ?' rjpeLS KTEvovpev olirep i^e(j)vcrapep.~\ TrdvTcos TTeTtpa.KTa.1 tovto kouac e/c^eu^erat. /cat St) Vt KpaTL crTe^avos, iv TreirXoiai re 1065 vvp(f)r) Tvpavvos oXXvtol, o-a^>' otS' eyaj. MHAEIA. 71 aXA.' el/xi yap Si] TXyj/jLOveo-TaTrjv 6S6v, Kal TovcrSe 77e/xi//aj TXrjjJLOvecrTepav en, iraTSas Trpocrenreiv fiovXop.ai. Sot, oj t£kvol, Sot ao~ it da aa 6 ai fxrjTpl Se^udp X^P a - 1070 a) (f)L\Ta.Tr) X ei P' faXTaTOV ° e ' P- OL K!C ^/ 3a ' icat o~\r]ix,a Kal irpoo-(07roi> evyeves tIkviuv. evSaip.ovolTov, dXX' e'/cet • tol 8' IvOdSe TTaTTfp d(f)ei\eT. (b yXvKela Trpocrfiokij, a> fia\0aKos XP^** Kvevpid 6* t^Sicttov tzkvoiv. 1075 ^ajpetre ^wpax • ovket elfju irpoo-fiXiireiv ola npos vfxds, dXXa vtKtojxai /ca/cots. /cat ixavddvoi fiep ola toXjjltJo~(o /ca/ca ■ Ov/jlo^ Se Kpeiacrcov tcov i{xa)v ^ovXevfiaTcov, ocnrep [xeyicrTcou atrtos Kaxaiv fipoTols. 1030 XOP02. TroWaKLS rjSrj Sid XeTTTOTepcov jjLvdcov e/JioXov Kal 7Tpb<; ajxiXXa 1 ; TjXOov [xeL^ovs 7j XPV ytvedv OrjXvv epevvav • dXXd yap ecrTLV jjLOvcra Kal rj/xlv, r) Trpoao/jLiXei loss o~o(f)ia<; eveKev • Trdo~aio~i fxev ov • rravpov Se yevos — jxcav ev iroXXal* evpois dv Lo-coq ■ — • ovk airofxovo-ov to yvvaiKcov. Kai (frrj/JLL /3poTa)i> oiTive<s elcriv 1090 Tid\xTrav direipoi /-U7S' l(\>\)Tevo~av ttoISos, tt po^epeiv eis evru^ta^ TOiV yeivap.evo)v. 72 EYPIIIIAOY ol [xev areKVoi hi a.TT€ipocrvvr)v eid' rjhv fiporols clt dviapov 1095 TrcuSes reXedovcr ov)(l rv^ovre^ ttoXXojv jxo^Ooiv diri^ovrai * oXai he tekvojv ecrriv ev olkols yXvKepou fikacTTrjiA, ecropto /xeXerrj KaTarpv^ofJieuov^ top airavra ^povov • noo irpuiTov fxev oircos 6pe\jjcoo~i KctXai?, /3LOTOV $' OTTodeV XeixjjOVCTL tekvois ' €TL €K TOVTUiV €LT inl (fiXdVpOlS en ern xprjcrTols Ixo^dovcrL, ro8' earlv dhr)Xov. ev he to ttolvtoiv Xoicrdiov 17877 1105 TTOLCTLP KCLTepO) OvTjTOlCTl KO.KOV ' Kal S77 yap aXt? Biorov 6' evpov, cruj/xa t is tJ/3t)p 7]Xvde TeKvcov Xpr](TTOL t eyevovr • el he Kvprjcrai ScLLflCOV OVTOS, (f)pOl)hoS 6? "\lhr)V 1113 ©dVaros irpocfiepoop crwyaara TeKvojv. 7TW5 OW Xv£l 77"y0O9 TOIS GlXXoiS T^S' en Xvtttjv duLapoTarrjV TTaihoiV (LV€K€V 6vqroi(Ti Oeovs iirijSaXXeiv ; ms MHAEIA. (f)iXai, rraXai rot Trpoo-fxevovcra. tyjv TV)(r)v KapahoKa) TaKeWev ol TrpofirjcreTai. /cat St) hehopxa rovhe rcov 'lacroi^o? (TTei^ovT oirahcov • npevfxa o y)pedio~\x.evov heiKvvcriv ws tl Kaivov dyyeXei kolkov. 1120 MHAEIA. 73 ATTEAOS. a> heivov epyov TrapavofJLcos elpyaafxeur) Mr/Seta, <f>evye (frevye, jjltJte vaiav \nrov(T aTrrjvrjv p,t]T oyov Tre&oo-Tifir). MHAEIA. tl 8' a^toV fioi TrjaSe rvyyavei (pvyrjs ; ArrEAOS. oXcoXeu 7) Tvpavvos dprtajs Koprj 1125 KoeW y 6 (f)vcra<; <j>app.dKCDi' tcju crcov vtto. MHAEIA. kolWlcttov et7ra5 fivOov, iv S' evepyerats to \oittov rjSrj /cat <j>ikoL<; e/xots ecret. ATTEAOS. tl <f>r)<5 ; (frpovcls puev 6p6a kov yaatpet, ywai, 17715 Tvpavvojv kcTTiav rJKLcrpeprjv 1130 ^capcts Kkvovcra. kov (j>o/3eZ to. rotaSe ; MHAEIA. e^co rt Kayaj rots -ye 0-01? ivavTiov XoyoLcrw elrrtiv aXXa fxr) o-Trepyov, (f)c\o<;, Xegov o' o7TO)5 wXoz^ro • St? toctov yap av repi/zeta? r)fJLaq, el TeOvaai irayKaKOi^. H35 ATTEAOS. e7ret TeKvoiv arZiV rjXde StVrv^o? your) 74 EYPiniAOY crvv TraTpl Kal TraprjXOe pv/jl^lkovs So/xov?, rjcrdr)p€P olirep crot? eKappopep kclkoIs 8/xwe9 * St' olkcop 8' evOvs rjp ttoXvs Xoyos ere Kal ttoctlp crop peIkos ecnTeicrOai to rrpip. ii*o Kvpel S' 6 pep rig X eL P ' ° ^ £olp6op Kapa iraihoiP ' iyco Se Kavrbs rj&oprjs viro crjlya.% yvpau<cop o~jp tekpols dp ecmoprjp. hecnToipa S' r)p pvp clptX crov davpdtppep, TTplp JJL6P T6KP(OP CTOJP eicTL&eLP ^VPOJpiSa, 1145 irpodvpop ei^ 6(f)6aXpup eig 'Idcropa • eVeira peproi TrpovKaXvxjjaT oppara, XevKrjp t airecrrpexfj epiraXip rrapiqi'oa, Tra'ihojp pvaayOeicr etcroSou? • ttoctls Se crog opyag d^rjpei Kal yoXop pedpiSos 1150 Xiyojp raS' • ov pr) Svcrpepr)<; ecrei (^tAotg, iravaei Se 0vjjlov koI ttolXip crrpe'i/zei? Kapa, <j)iXov<; popl^ovcr ovenrep dp ttoctls creOep, Se'^ei Se Scopa Kal TTapaiTrjcrei TraTpos <^vyas d(f)€LPaL natal toutS' extrp ydpip ; 1155 17 8' a)? eVeiSe Kocrpop, ovk -qpecr^eTO, aXX r^pecr dpSpl rrdpra • Kal TTplp Ik Sopcop paKpdp direlpai irarepa Kal 7rcuSas creOep, Xafiovcra 7reVAou? ttoikiXovs r)pn icr^ei o, Xpvcrovp re Vetera crrecfiapop dpcf)l fiocrrpvyois H60 Xapirpco KaTOTTTpcp cr )(7] p archer a l Koprjp, axpv^op eiKco irpocryeXcocra crcoparo^. KarreiT apacrracr Ik Opopojp Siep^ercu crreyag, a/3 pop [Saipovcra TraXXevKO) ttool, OGOpOLS VTT€p)(atpOVO~a, TToXXd TToXXaKLS 1165 MHAEIA. 75 rivovj e's bpObv o/x/xacrt (JKOTrovp.ivr). Tovv9evSe pe'vroi beivbv rjv Oea/x ibeip • ^poidv ydp dXXd^acra Xe^pia irdXiv yojpel rpepovaa kojXo. /cat poXtq fyOdvei OpovoLUiv ip-rrecrovaa p.r) yap.al Trecrelu. ino /cat Tt? yepoud TrpocnroXwv bo^aad ttov rj Tlai^o? opyds rj tlpos Oetov p.oXeiv dvcoXoXv^e, irpiv y bpa bid crropa yojpovvra Xevkov d(f>p6i>, bppdroiv 8' dub Kopas crrpefiovcrai', alpd r ovk evbv xpoi * ins €LT aVTipoXlTOV YJK6P dkoXvyfjS piya.V ko)Kvtov. €v6v<; 8' r) fxev ets narpos hopovs topprjcrev, r) Se rrpb<; rbu dpricos ttoctiv (f)pdcrovcra vvprf)r]<; crvp(f)opd<; • aVacra Se CTTeyr) ttvkvokjiv £ktvtt£i bpop.rma.criv, nso rjb-q S' dve\KOJV kojXov ekttXIO pov bpopov ra^ii? {3abLo-Tr)q reppovwv dv rjTTreTO • r) S' e£ dvavbov /cat pvcravTos oppaTOs Setz-'o^ (rreud^ao-' i) rdXaiv r)yeipero ' bi—Xovv ydp avrrj rr-qp! in eo~T par evei o. H85 Xpvcrovi pkv dp(f)l Kparl Keipevos wXokos OavpauTov tet vdpa napcpdyov irvpos • irenXoi be Xetttoi, cruiv tckvcov bcoprjpara, XevKr)i> eooLTTTOv crdpKa Trj<; oucroat/xovog. (frevyeL S' dyacrracr' e/c Opovwv rrvpovpdvrj, 1190 aeiovca ^a'niqv Kpdrd 7 olXXot dXXocre, plxbai OeXovcra (j-i<\>'xvov • dXX' dpaporax; crvvbecrpa ^pucro? et^e, 77up o\ eVet Kop-qv ecretcre, pdXXov St? toctok r' iXapnero. 76 EYPiniAOY TTLTUei 8' 65 OuSctS (TVjJi(f)Opa VLKOJ/XePT], 1195 v\r)v rco tckoptl Kapra SvcrjxaOrjs iSelv • ovt ofx/xdrcDP ydp SrjXos rjv KaTao~Tao~L<; ovt evcfives irpoaoiTrov, af/xa 8' i£ aKpov ecrra^e /cparo? (TVfxTrefyvpixivov irvpi, crap/ce? 8' a7r' ocrreW wore 7reu/az;oj> hdxpv 1200 yvaOjJLois dorjXois (j)apfxa.K(x)p dtreppeov, oeusbp diafxa • ttcujl 8' 77^ ^>o/3o9 Oiyeiv veKpov • Tvyj)v yap el^ojxev SiSacr kolKov. TTarrjp o 6 tXtJjjlojv crvp.<f)opa<; dyvcoaia a(jivco irpo(T€.\diov ocofxa Trpocnr'iTvei v€Kpa> ■ 1205 ojp-co^e 8' evdvs, kcu TrepiTTTv^a^ Se/xa? kweZ npocravhcov rotaS'* <5 Sucrn^e 77cu, T19 cr aiS' art/xwg oaipovcov drrajXecre ; tl<; tov yepovra TVfifiov opfyavov aeOev TL07]O~LP ; OL/J.OL, O~w6dv0ip.i CTOL, TZKVOV. 1210 eVei Se Oprjvcov koI yoo)v inavcraTO, \prjtfiiv yepaibv i^avacrrrjcraL Se/xa<? rrpoaei^ed^ wcrre Kicrcros epvtcriv hd(pvr)<z XeTTTolai 7reVXot9, Sei^a. 8' 77V 7TaXaiafxaTa • 6 /xep yap rjdeh! et;avacrTr]crai yovv, 1215 17 8' dvTeXd^vT • ei Se Trpos /3iW ayoi, crap/cas yepaids icnrdpacrcr an ocrrecov. Xpovco o direcTTy] /cat fxedrj)^ 6 ovcrfiopos \\ivy^rjv ' KaKov ydp ovk€T rjv vneprepos. KEivrai 8e vcKpoi nals re /cat yepcov naT-qp 1220 7re\a<?, noOecpr) SaKpvoLcn o~vfx<l>opd. Kai /AOL to jxev aov eKnoScou earoi Xoyov * yvuxrei ydp avrrj £>7/Aias dnoo~Tpo<jj7Jp. MHAEIA. 77 7<X OvTjTa 8' OV VVV TTpCOTOV TjyOVp.ai (TKLOLU, ouS' dv rpeVag €lttoljxl tovs cro(f)ovs /Sporcov 1225 SoKOvvras etvat /cat fAepL/xvYjTas XoycDV tovtovs ixeylcrTrjV t a r\p.io.v 6<f)Xicr xaveiv • OvrjTcov yap ovSet's Icniv evSaLjxcov avijp • oXfiov 8' iiTLppvivTos evTvyiarepos dXXov yevoiT av dXXos, evSaificov S' av ov. 1230 XOPOS. eot^' 6 Saifxcov ttoWol ttjo iv rjfxepa KaKOL ^VVOLTTTeiV eVSt/CW? 'idcTOVL. <5 tXtJ/xov, gj? crou avfj.(f)opd<; OLKTeipofiev, Koprf KpeovTOs, 17x19 et<? "AiSou 7ruXa5 ot^et ydjxa)v e/cart tcoj> 'Idcrow?. 1235 MHAEIA. <f)[\ai, SeSo/crat rovpyov a>? rdyicnd fioi 7raiSas KTavovcrr) T^crS' d^opfxaaOai ^(Oovb<; /cat /xt) cr^oX?}^ dyovcrav e/cSowai T€Kva dXXr) (povevcrau ovcrixevecrTepa Yepi. Trdvrcos (T(p dvdyKt] KarOavelv. eVet Se X/)??, 12 "° rjfiet's KTevov/jLCV, olirep i£e<f>v<ra[xev. aXX et orrXilpv, /capSta. rt /JLeXXofxev rd oeivd /cdvay/cata /xt) irpdcrcreiv /ca/cd ; ay , a> rdXaiva X €l P e V 1 ?' ^- a /3e £1^)05, Xa/3', ep7re 7rpo? /3aX/3tSa \vrrrjpdv j3tov, 1245 /cat /xt) /ca/ctcr#r)\ /^S' dvap^viqcrdrj^ tekvcov a>5 <£tXra#', ai<? ert/cres • dXXa rrpSe ye XaOov fipayelav r^xipav TTaiZatv credev, 78 EYPiniAOY KanetTa Op-qvet • kcu yap el Krevels cr(f) o/xoj? (f)i\oL t e(f>vcrav, SvaTvyr)^ 8' iyo) yvvr\. 1250 XOP02. Io» Ta re Kai Trap.d>ar}<; <rrp. a', d/crts 'Aektov, /cart'Ser' tSere rdv okopevav yvvauKa, irpiv <^>oiviav T€Kvol<; TrpocrfiaXeiv yip clvtoktovov ' era? yap . . ypverda^ yovds 1255 efiXacTTev, 0ecoi> 8' cu/xa . . irirveiv (fiofios vtt dvdpoiv. dXkd vlv, (h <f)do<; hioyeves, KaTecp- ye, KCLTdnavcrop, e^eX' oik(ov (f)Ova)VT aXaivovT EpLvvcov vtt dXdcrTopou. 1200 /xdrau poyOos Zppeu reKvcju, *vr. a. fidrav dpa ydvos fyikiov ere/<€?, w Kvavedv Xtirovcra ^vprrXiqydhoiv nerpdv d^evoirdrav el<rfio\dv. SeiXaia, tl ctol (f)pev(ov fiapvs 1265 ^oXos 77 poa-TTiTvet /cat . . hvcrpevrjs <j)6i>o<s apeifierai ; yaXend yap fipoTols opoyevfj pid- crpaT eVl yaiav avTofyovTais <;vvto- 8a deoOev ttltvovt i-rrl So'/xoi? dyr). 1270 I1AIAE2. MHAEIA. 79 X0P02. aKOvets /3odv aKOveuq tckvojv ; <rrp. P'. Ico T\ap.ov, a> KaKOTv^s yvvcu. 1271 IIAI2 a. otfxoL, tl Spdcrco ; ttol (f)vya> firjTpbs X*P a<i > 12n IIAI2 ft'. ovk oTS', dSeXc^e ^>tXrar'' 6XXu/xecr#a ydp. XOP02. 7TapeX0o) &6[aovs ; dprj^ai <f>6vov 1275 OOK€t /XOt T€KVOLS. n A I A E 2 . vai', 7rpo5 ^ea;^, apyj^aT • iv Seovn yap • a>? eyyus 77877 y' iafjiev apKvcov £i(f>ov<;. XOP02. Tako.LV , a>s ap -qcrOa nerpo's rj crtSapos, art? t4kv(i)v ov ere/ce? 1280 apoTov avTo^eipL i^olpa KTevels. fjuav or] kKvco fiiav tcov Trdpos avr. p\ yvualK iv <J)l\ol<; x^P a /3aXetv t4kvol<;, \voi fj.avelo~av Ik Oetov, 60' r) A 169 odfj.ap vlv i^eTre/xxfje Soj/jloltcdv dkr). 1285 TTLTvei 8' a Takaiv e? d\p.av (f)6vco TtKvcov Sucrce/Sei, 80 EYPiniAOY aKTrjs VTTepreivacra ttovtio.^ -rroha, hvolv re TraiSoip crvvdavovcr arroWvTat. tl SrJT ovv yevoiT av ert hewov ; d) yvvcuKcov Ac^OS TTOh.V7TOVOV, 1291 ocra fipoTols epe^as 17897 KOLKoi. IASfiN. rWaiKes, at TrjcrS' iyyvs ecrrare crrey^?, ap' eV So/xot(TtP' 17 to. SetV elpyaaixepr) M^'Seta rotcrS' er', -^ fxeOearr^Kev <f>vyfj ; 1295 Set yap ^t^ 17x01 y^s a<f>e Kpvcf)9rjva.L koltoi, rj irr-qvov apai cro)\x e's aWepos /3a#09, et fir] Tvpdppojy ocofxacrcp Swcret Slktjp. ttIttoiO* anoKTeLvacra KOipavovs ydovoq aOcoos avTYj TwvSe (^ev^eaOai So/xa>z> ; isoo aW ov yap av-rjs typovTLO a>9 Texpcop e^co • Keivrjv fiep ou? eSpacrev ep^ovcriv ko.ko)<;, ifiajv Se iraCSov rj\dov eVcrwcrat fiiov, p.rj fxoC tl Spdacoa oi TrpocrtJKOPTes yevet, fxr}Tpa)OP iKTrpdcrcrovTes avocriov <f>6vov. 1305 XOP02. d) tXtJ/jlop, ovk oicrO* oi kolkwv i\7]\v0as, 'ldcrop • ov yap tovctS' <xp icpOey^o) \6yovs. IA2QN. TL 8' eCTTLP ; T) TTOV KO.JX OLlTOKTeLPaL #e\et ; XOP02. 7rat8es Te0pdo~L X et P L l xr ] T P ( f a °~ e $ et '- MHAEIA. 81 IASfiX. otfxoL tl Xe^ei? ; ws jx a,7rc<jXecra9, yvvai. 1310 XOPOS. CU? 0VK6T OVTOiV (TCJV T€KPO)V (fipOVTL^E OT], IA2GN. 7roO yap i^ti/ zkteiv , ivrbs rj '£a>dev ooficov ; XOPOS. 7rvXas avoC^as (tcov t€kvojp oxjjei (frovov. IA2fiN. ^aXare /cXr^Sa? a><? ra^tcrra, npocnroXoL, e'/cXue^' ap/xov?, cus tScu Si7rXow kolkov, 1315 tous /xev OavovTCLS, ttjv Se tlctgj/xou (J)6vco. MHAEIA. rt racrSe /aveis /cdi^a/xo^Xeuet? TrvXa?, veKpovs ipevvcov k a/xe r^v elpyacrLiev-qv ; Travcrau ttovov rovh\ el S' e/xov yj>eiav e^et?, Xe'y' et rt /3ov\eL, x €i P^ &' ov v/zaucret? 7rore. 1320 roto^S' o^rjjxa Trarpbs "HXios 7raTr)p olococtlv rj/jblp, epvp.a 77oXe/uas ^epo?. IA2I2N. w /ucros, w peyLCTTOu iydicn-q yvvai Oeols re kollloI iravTi r av6 paiiroiv yevei, 17x15 TeKvoLcrL aoicriv ifl/3a\eLU £t<£o9 1325 82 EYPiniAOY erX-^s TeKovcra Kafx oVatS' dntoXeo-as • /cat ravra hpdcraa rjXiov re 77-/30 <x/3XeVet 9 /cat yaiav, epyov rXctcra hvacre^dcrrarov. 0X0C ' eyto he vvv (frpovw, tot ov ^povcov OT €/C So/ACDV 0~e fiapfidpOV T SlTTO ydovOS 1330 EXXr/v £9 oIkov y)y6p,r\v, ko,kov fxeya, TraTpos re /cat yrjs npohoTiv ifj cr e0pe\pa.To • tojv crcov aXao~Top et<? e/x eo~Kr)\jjau deol • KTavovaa yap St) aov ko.<jlp irapeaTiov, to KaWnrptppov eicre{3r)s 'Apyous <r/ca<£og. 1335 rjp^o) fxeu e/c Toiiovhe, WLM^evde'icra he Trap dvhpl ra>0€ /cat TeKovad /jlol tIkvo,, evvrjs e/cart /cat Xe^ous o~(/>' dircnXeo-as. ovk eo~TLV 17715 tout' av 'EXXrjvls yvprj erXr) tto6\ cov ye irpocrdev rj^lovv eyco 1340 yrjfxai, o~e, /cr^Sog e^Opov oXeOpiov 7 e'/xot, Xea.iva.v, ov yvvaLKa, T77S TvparjVihos ^KvXXr)<; e\ovo~av aypiu)Tepav <^>vo~iv. ctXX' ov ydp dv o~e ttuptot? oveihecri Sa/cot/xt ■ rotoVS' e/J.7re(f)VKe ctol Opdaos • 13-45 epp', alcr\poTTOie /cat TeKvoiv /xtat^oVe. ifxol he top ifxbv ha.LfJL.ov aid^eiv 7rdpa, 05 ovTe XeKTpcov ueoyd/xcou optJctoluxl, ov 7ratSa? ous ecf)Vo~a Ka^edpexfjdfxrjv e£a) Trpoaenrelv £aWa<>, aXX' dncoXecra. 1350 MHAEIA. fxaKpdv av e^eTeiva Tolah' evavTiov XoyoLCTLV, el /xr) Zeus 7rarr)p r)ir'io~Ta.TO MHAEIA. 83 oV i£ ifxov 7T€Trov6a<; old r elpydo~(o • crv S' ovk IjueXXes ra/x' drt/xacra? Ae^T/ jepirvov hid^eiv {3iotov eyyekcov ijxoi, 1355 ouS' r) Tvpappos ovS' 6 crol Trpocrdels ydfiovs Kpecjv drip.ov TrjcrSe /a' e'/c/3aXeiV xP 0V ^' Trpbs Tavra /cat Ae'ai^av, el /3ouXei, /cdXei, kcu %kv\\olv fj Tvparjvbv cuKTjaev rreSou • tt/<; en/ 1 ? yctp cl>? ^pr) /capSta? dpOrjxpdfxrju. 1300 IA20N. kglvttJ ye Xvnel koI ko.kojv Koivaivos ei. MHAEIA. cra^)' to-^t • Xvet 8' aXyos, 171/ cru /at) 'yyeXag. IA2CN. a> TeKva, /attt/50s a><? KaKrjq eKvpaare. MHAEIA. w 7ratoe?, a>5 a)\eo~0e Trarpcfa vocro). I A 2 O N . oirroi i>w 17 /at) Select cr^)' aTToikecrev. 1365 MHAEIA. dXX v/3/5t9 01 re crot ^eoS/A^reg ydfxoL. IASfiN. Xe^ovs crc^e y T^icocras ovveKa xravelv ; 1370 84 EYPiniAOY MHAEIA. crjALKpov yvvoLLKL Trrj/xa tovt elvat So/cet9; IASON. 77719 ye oraxfypcov • crol Se TrdvT iarlv /ca/cct. MHAEIA. otS' ovket etcrt • touto yaya ere S^erat. IA20N. oto' elcnv o)[mol o"w Kapa /xtacrrope?. MHAEIA. Lcra(TLV ocrrts "^/o^e iryjfxovrjs 0eoi. IA2ftN. tcracri S^ra 0*171' y' d77d-rr*Jcrrot' <f>peva. MHAEIA. oTuyet • TTLKpav Be f3d£iv i^Oaipa) creOev. IA20N. /cat /u/r)v eya> cn^ • paSuoi S' d7ra\\ayat. 1375 MHAEIA. 7TW? ow ; rt Spdcrco ; Kapra yap Kayo) OeKoi. IASfiN. Odxjjat veKpovs jjlol TovaSe /cat /cXavcrat Trapes. MHAEIA. 85 MHAEIA. ov otjt , £7rec ovpa? TTjo eyw uaya) X e P L > <f>epovcr €5 'Hpas rejuews 'A/cpatas #eov, fo»? jXTj TL<$ CLVTOVS TToXefJLLOOV Ka6vj3pL(Tr), 1380 Tvp.fiovs avaaTTwv • yry Se r^Se %lo~v(J)Ov (rejxprjp eopTTjV /cat T€.\rj Trpoo-dxpofxeu to Xolttov dvrl rouSe SvcrcrefBovs (frovov. avTr) Se yalav et/xt ttjv 'E^e^e'cos, Atyet (TWOLKrjo-ovcra tw HolpSlovos. i335 crv S', axTirep et/cos, Kardavel /ca/cos /ca/ca»s, Apyov? Koipa vhv Xett//dV<w TTeirXrjyiAevos, TriKpas reXevrcts twi/ e/xwi/ ydficov Ihcov. IA2HN. aUa cr Ept^us oXe'crete tekucov (fiovia re At/07. 1390 MHAEIA. rt? Se /cXuet crou #eo$ 17 Satfxcov, tov xjjevBopKov /cat ^eivairdrov ; IA20N. </>eu ^>eu, [xvcrapd /cat irouSoXeTop. MHAEIA. (rret^e 7rpo<? ot/cous /cat ddirr akoyov. IASfiN. (rret^w, Stcrcrai^ y' auopos tzkvcov. 1395 8G EYPiniAOY MHAEIA. ovTTco Oprjveis • [live /cat yfjpas. IA20N. <£ TtKva ^tXrara. MHAEIA. IxrjTpi ye, o~ol 8' ou. IA212N. KaneiT e/ccu/es; MHAEIA. ere ye Trrj^aivovcr . IA2CN. a>/xot, (f)i\iov yjprj^oi crrd/xaro? 7raiSaji> 6 raXa? TrpocnrTv^acrOai. 140 ° MHAEIA. wi; cr^)€ 7rpo<TavSas, vw denrd^ei, tot a77ajcrajae^o9. IA20N. So? /xcu 7T/30? ^ewv jxakaKov xpojTos i//avcrat tekvgjv. MHAEIA. ov/c ecrrt * p.dTrjv eVos eppnrTon,. MHAEIA. 87 IASfiN. Zer), rctS' a/covet? a>g aire\avv6p.e6' , 1405 old T€ ira.cryo\L£.v e/c r^5 fJivcrapas /cat 7rou&o(f)6i>ov TrjcrSe Xeati^s ; ctXX' ottoctov yovv irdpa /cat Swa/xat rack /cat 0prjvu) /ca,7rt#ea£a>, IxapTvpofievos Satjuovas eus /xot i4io re'/ci/ anoKTeivao- aTroKioXveus xjjavo-at, re yepoiv #d\//at re i^e/cpov?, ovs ixtjttot iyco (fyuaas 6<j)e\ou 7rp6s crov cj)6 Lfxevovs eTnheo-dai. XOP02. 7roXXa»^ ra/Ltta? Zevs ev O\vp.TT0), i«5 7roXXa S' deX7rrw5 Kpaivovon 6eoi • /cat ret hoKiqBevT ovk ireXdaOr], TOiv S' ahoKTJrcov iropov evpe 6eos. rotdvS' OLTTe/37] ToSe Trpdyfxa. NOTES. REFERENCES. II., Hadley's Greek Grammar. G., Goodwin's Greek Grammar. GMT., Goodwin's Syntax of the Greek Moods and Tenses. OX THE HYPOTHESES. Hypothesis First. — Ascribed in one manuscript to Dicaearchus, who was a pupil of Aristotle, and whom we know, like his master, to have written such dramaturgical notes. A part is perhaps taken from him, but Ae last part is plainly written by some one else. — eyyuaTai : incorrect ; the play represents the marriage as already over. — rXavicnv : Euripides does not mention her name ; later writers call her sometimes Glauce, some- times Creusa. — jucrOov tt)s x°-P i ' t0 S : again inaccurate ; the gifts are sent in suing for a new favor. — ^epeKvS-ris, a native of Leros, who lived at Athens about the time of the Persian wars and made a collection of legends (iaropLcu) in ten books. — SifuoviSrjs of Ceos, the famous poet (556 - 468 B. c.)i w ho lived chiefly in Athens. — For a>s — iroiT|o-«i€ we should regu- larly have TroiTJcrai. — 6 tovs Noo-totjs iroif|tras, the author of the Xosti, one of the poems of the Epic Cyclus ; it was commonly ascribed to Agias of Troezen. — StcL^vXos, an Egyptian Greek of uncertain age, who wrote, among other books, a work Trepl QerraXiov. — Soku, sc. 6 ~EupnrL5ris. — viro- (5a\e'cr0ai,,/ff/,sc7?/ appropriated, palming it off as his own, as a woman an- other's child. — 'EXXdSos |3ios, in three books, was Dicaearchus' chief work ; it was an account of the customs, institutions, and topography of Greece. — viro(ivT|jJiao-t, : these were brief notes on various subjects. Those here referred to were in six books, attributed sometimes to Aristotle, some- times to Theophrastus. — \U\u$>ovto.i, k. t. X. : an unjust criticism ; see on v. 899. — irpOTrtemv, burst. — elo-poX^, opening verse. — eirtijep-yac-ia, fur- ther development of the thought. — Ti|iaxi8as, a glossographer and com- mentator of uncertain time ; his remark is wrong ; see on v. 3. — "Opipos : Odys. e, 264. 90 MEDEA. Hypothesis Secoxd. — Aristophanes of Byzantium, the famous Alex- andrine scholar and librarian (about 200 B. a), busied himself especially with the criticism of the poets. We possess many such brief notices of his on plays. The didascaliae, or statements as to date of representation, etc., were collected from the Athenian choregic inscriptions which commemo- rated the dramatic contests. — Trap' ov8€T«pu>, k. t. \. : that is, neither Aeschylus nor Sophocles composed a play on the same subject. — irpw- tos (fy), i. e. took the first prize. — Evxpopiwv, sem of Aeschylus. — ov <ra5- £«tcu, namely, the satyric play Theristae. It was not, he means, in the Alexandrine library. ON THE PLAY. The scene is in Corinth before Medea's house. The nurse, whose speech opens the play, is an old slave-woman, attached, according to Greek cus- tom, to the person of her mistress for life, having been her attendant in childhood and her companion in flight from her father's house. She comes upon the stage from out the house. The prologue is better managed than most of Euripides' ; the nurse's soliloquy is naturally brought about and discloses the situation to the hearers in an unconstrained way. 1, 2. *W «4>€X': for this formula of wishing, see GMT. § 83, 2 ; H. 721, b (fine print). — 8iairrdo-0ai : the ship is said to fly, as Hel. 147 and else- where its sails are called wings. — 2vp.TrXirYd.8as is object of Stairr. The Symplegades or <rwdpop.ades Trtrpai (in Homer TrXayKral) are fabulous rocks believed to close together and crush ships which attempted to pass between them. Homer thinks of them as somewhere in the west, but later they were identified with two rocks at the mouth of the Bosporus, where it opens into the Euxine. Kvdveai is their standing epithet, so that they are even called al xvaveai. outright. 3. There is no hysteron prof 'Ton in this passage ; the nurse says, 'Would that the ship had never sailed, — nay, had never even been built.' 4. «p€Tud>o-ai : this verb occurs nowhere else in classic Greek. Hesy- chius explains it by Kunrais apuoaat. The subject is still tt€vkt]. And would that it had never equipped with oars the hands of those noblest men. The pine is thought of as furnishing material for oars as well as for ship. 6 fig. IltXCa : dat. of advantage, fejr Pelias. — Se'o-rrotv' sp.^ MtjSho. : these words make it clear to the spectators who the speaker is. — irvpYOvs : the place whither ; H. 551 : G. § 162. — 0vp.bv €KTr\aYeio-a, crazed in heart; iKTrXrjffffw of an overpowering passion such as deprives of self-control. 11 fig. A singular case of attraction. ttoXitwv (for woXirais) takes the NOTES. 91 case of UK. The reason is that (pvyfj belongs not to avdavovaa but to acpi- KfTo, so that the relative clause really begins with <pvyfj, and woXit&v is inside of it, and therefore has to take the case of the relative ; H. 809 ; G. § 154. The regular order would be Siv ttoXltwu <pvyrj dcpiKero x^ya, standing, of course, for iro\lrais &v (pvyr) a<p. x&-> pleasing the citizens to whose land she has come in her flight. Had the poet written iroXirais, <pvyrj would be referred to avMvovcra, and the sentence so be misunderstood. — dvSdvovo-a piv is answered by vvv 5e in 16, but there the expression is changed through the influence of the intervening parenthesis (14, 15) ; the idea is, ' pleasing to be sure (jxtv) her adopted townsmen, and doing all she can to maintain friendly relations with her husband, but still (Bi) in- volved in strife from his nefarious conduct.' 13. avTT|, 07i her part, in opposition to Jason's faithlessness. 14. i\trtp by attraction for Sirep ; H. 513 c. 16. voo-ei rd fyC\T<xTa, the tendcrest ties are failing. 19. alo-v^va • (HaatXeiiei, <Spx f '- Hesych. The verb is found only here. 25, 26. crvvTT|Kowa SaKpvois, dissolving it (crCifia) in tears. Others construe <rvin-f)Kov<Ta y^Qvov, justifying it by rr/Kei ^wTrjv, 141, which, how- ever, is hardly parallel. — iirtl means here ever since. — •f|8iKT](MVr) : sup- plementary participle ; H. 799 ; GMT. § 113. 30. ^v jat| iroTe may be rendered except ichai. 33. drijido-as ?X £l > nearly = rjTi/xaKef, but with the idea of present con- tinuance more prominent. This use of ?x u with aor. partic. (GMT. § 112, 2, Note 7 ; H. 797) is a favorite one with Sophocles and Euripides, but is probably not found in Aeschylus. 35. diroXtCireo-Oai is passive ; to be bereft, jvf) diroX.. joined by synizesis. 37. veov = kclk6v, as often. 38. [Japeta, resentful. 40-43. The two first of these verses are plainly interpolated from 379 flg. ; the others might be retained (reading p.-q for if) but that rvpavvov is awkward and obscure. If the princess is meant, there should be some designation of the gender. 45. tcaXXiviKov means victory, or the honors of victory ; so rb KaWLvtKov is used Find. Nem. 3, 17. In the absence of the article it is better to take it as neuter, than as masc. with aritpavov understood, as some have done. 46. oi8« -iraiSes erreixovo-i, here come the children. For this use of 68e, very common in the drama, see H. 678 a. — The learner should note the difference between to6xos and rpox6s. 49. The 7rcu5a7«76s, who now enters with the two boys, is an aged family-slave of Jason's. Wealthy Greeks, when their boys had outgrown the nursery, gave them into the charge of such trusty slaves, whose duty 92 MEDEA. it was to attend them wherever they went. — Btoirotvqs limits o(kwv kttj/jxi taken together. 50. t^vSc should be translated thus. It is similarly used in 689 below. 52. <rov may depend upon either jx6vq or XeiTreffdai. 57. The Greeks had a superstitious belief in the efficacy of confiding secret anxieties to the natural elements. Andromache (Andr. 91), Electra (Eur. El. 59, Soph. El. 89), and Creusa (Ion 885) do this. A disquieting dream is thus told to the air (Iph. Taur. 42) or the sun (Soph. El. 424). 58. jioXovo-t), as if noi, not /xe, had gone before. Several such places are found ; thus Iph. Aul. 491, &\\ws t£ fl £\eos...el<rrj\Oe air/yiveiav ivvoov- litvip. Cp. below 744 and note. The comic poet Philemon (Athen. vii. p. 288) parodied this passage thus : A cook says, dicrO' ifjuCpos /a' virriKOe yfj re (covpavtp Ae£ai /xoAdi'Ti Tovipov lis eerxeuacra. 59. -yap in questions expresses surprise. Transl. what ! 60. £t]X(o <rt, Enviable simplicity I — |A€(toi (schol. &Kfxd£ei), is at its height, or in the middle of its course. 61. |A<opos : nom. of exclamation rather than of address. Medea is meant, ixwpos being used here exceptionally as adj. of two endings. This is a common thing with Euripides ; cp. 1197 b*r,\os, 1375 padioi. 65. irpbs "yeveiov : see on 709. — <rvv8ovXov, ace. of person (H. 553 ; G. § 164), the ace. of the thing being omitted. 67. ov 8okwv kXvciv, pretending not to be listening. Cp. Hipp. 119, fir) 86k€l TovTWf KXvecp. ov 8oku> is used like off <j>t)fu, deny, ovk id, forbid, etc. 68. TTitra-ois, the gaming -place. So oi ix^vs, the fish-market, t<x Xdxava, the verjctablc-markct, and others. The game of ireacroi resembled ours of draughts, in that it was played on a checkered board with men (\pr)(poC). There were several varieties of it. 69. All fountains were considered sacred. The famous Pirene, after first welling up near the top of the Acrocorinthus into a basin with no visible outlet, flowed underground and reappeared in the lower town, near the street leading to the Lechaeum, where it was adorned with handsome stone- work, and was a favorite place of resort. See Curtius's Pelop. Vol. II. p. 528. 72. <ra<j>T|S, true, correct. 73. ovk elvai : a very exceptional use of ov. The rule would require fir). The expression seems to be analogous to XPV °b with infin., which is frequent in Eurip. ; see 294, 574 ; Androm. 100, XPV °"' ovttot elirelv oiidiv 6\(3loi> fiporihii : Hipp. 645, XP 7 )" e ' s yvvaiKa wpbairoXov /i£v ov rrepav : in cases, too, where it is impossible to say that ov forms with the infin. a simple idea. The usage arose probably thus : first the ov was put directly after the XPV for reasons of emphasis, still belonging to it (so Hipp. 507, and perhaps the NOTES. 93 above passage of Androm.), then it gradually attached itself to the infin., and allowed itself to be separated from XPV- 74, 75. irdcrxovTas is supplementary partic. ; cp. 38. See GMT. §112, 1; H. 800. — «l koC because of the negative idea implied in the foregoing ques- tion : (surely he will not) even though lie has, etc. 76. Ki]8€V[idTwv : H. 581 ; G. § 175, 2. \eiirerai expresses inferiority. 78, 79. dirwX6|A€<r0a : for the tense see GMT. § 19, N. 6. The nurse speaks for her mistress and the household. — irpo<rot(rb|i€v seems to mean receive in addition. A corrupt gloss of Hesychius, irpocroiarjade- irpoade'- ^■qede, confirms this view, though we should have expected the middle. It is the idiom by which, roughly speaking, involuntary acts are spoken of as if they were voluntary. So Hipp. 831 dvaKo/xi^o/xai, am receiving on myself; Heracl. 296, tyvxty SiaKvalcrcu, lose his life. Wecklein aptly com- pares aTToj3aWeu', lose. — e£nvTX.TjKivai : the figure is that of a boat which ships a fresh wave before the sailors have bailed the first one out. Cp. Ion 927- 83. oXoito |a«v \lt] : the meaning is, i~ will not indeed wish tliat lie may perish. So Soph. Phil. 961, 6\oio p.r}irw, wplv /j.ddoipL el kcu ttclXlv yvd]p.7]v jieroia-eis. In both cases the curse is on the speaker's lips, but is revoked at the moment of utterance. 87. Kt'pSovs x < *P lv > from motives of selfishness. This verse looks like an interpolation. 88. el — yt = eirei, seeing that; hence ov, instead of htj, is admissible. Jelf's Grammar, § 744, 1. The clause depends on dpri yiyvdiaKets, the idea being, ' Are you just beginning, in view of Jason's neglect, to recognize the self-love of men ? Did you never meet with an instance of it be- fore ? ' 90, 91. epup-wo-as 'i\t, keep secluded. — ireXd^w is transitive here and 760, but has its ordinary intrans. sense, 101. 93. Spaereiovo-av : a desiderative verb ; H. 472, Rem. j. 94. irplv Ka.Taa-KT}\J/a{ nva : "irpiv with the infin. after negative sen- tences is rare in the Attic poets, but more frequent in the Attic prose." Goodwin, MT. § 106, 2, N. 2. /carao-KT^rrw only here takes the accus. It probably means, strike down as with a thunderbolt (Schol. fi\a\pai...olov nepavvwaai) ; with dat. on the contrary, simply fall upon. 96, 97. Medea's voice is heard in soliloquy within the palace. The ana- paests which she speaks are tinctured with Doric forms, while those of the nurse are free from them. Anapaestic systems admit Dorisms only excep- tionally, to impart greater solemnity or pathos. — irovwv is causal genitive in exclamation (H. 592 a ; G. § 173, 3) joined to an adjective, as often ; cp. 1028. — ttws dv 6\oi\kav; would that I might die. This form of wish (GMT. § 82, N. 5), not rare in tragedy, occurs again 173. 94 MEDEA. 98. yo8' iKtivo, There it is! literally, 'this is that' (spoken of before). A common colloquial formula. 106 ilg. It is plain that the storm-cloud of wailing, just beginning to rise, will shortly dart upward with greater fury. I have given avq.^ei (from avqaau = avai<r<ru), a suggestion of Elmsley's, based on an old variant dvd^ei found in the Schol. and one Ms. The common reading, avd-fitc, is hard to explain. Some take it as active for middle, 'will blaze forth' (with lightning), but neither airreiv nor its compounds ever use the active in this sense. Others supply Medea as subject, ' that she will light up,' but this accords ill with the opening of the sentence, which shows that vi<j>os is meant as subject. By reading 677X77 or 677X0? we might retain dm- \p€i. apxTJS l£aipdp.evov = alpbp.tvov e£ dpx 7 ? 5 * rising from its starting- point. With v€'4>os ol^wyfjs cp. crTiva.yp.wi> vefpos, H. F. 1140. 112. w Ka/rdpaToi iraiSes : in spite of the nurse's caution, the children, who here enter the house with their attendant, are espied by Medea. 116. <roi may be rendered pray. The exact sense is, ' What share do you fancy that,' etc. The nurse does not, of course, intend this for Me- dea's ears. 118. ■inrepaX'ytt), as implying anxiety, takes the construction of a verb of fearing, virep-, exceedingly. 119. Scivd Tupdvvwv Xt|p.aTa : the nurse lias Medea in mind, by no means Creon, as Paley thinks. Medea, as a king's daughter, may be called a ri'ipavvos. For the sentiment the Schol. compares II. a, 80 fig. 122, 123. -yap may be justified by supplying the thought, ' All this I disapprove,' implied in the tone of the preceding sentence. Meanwhile, one might translate, The fact is. See, however, on 573. — €ir' l'<roi«riv, on a footing of equality with one's fellow-citizens, as in a democracy. To live thus, the nurse says, is better than to be a king. A like sentiment Ion 621, Iph. A. 16". — p-pydXcos : not to be understood of regal state, which is entirely deprecated, but of a less dangerous magnificence, the sense being, 'securely at least, even at the expense of all grandeur.' 125- 130. Construe rotivopa viKa dvtiv, the name is a letter one to speak. Notice irpajra \itv — rt in correlation ; so below, 232, 1101 (cp. 429). — Xwotto. (iari) : subject is to. /x^rpta understood. — Ta 8' virepPaXXovra, k. t. X., what exceeds due bounds ((vails no wholesome thing to mortals. ' /j.v8ep &yai>' is the mainspring of Grecian ethics. All excess is £ ! /3/hs, which the gods punish by sending drv. — dire'8a>Kev : gnomic aorist ; IT. 707 ; GMT. § 30. Its subject is still rd virep^aWovra. 131. The chorus of Corinthian women now appears in the orchestra and sings the Parodos, which consists of four parts, — proode, strophe, anti- strophe, and epode, — separated from each other by anapaests of Medea and the nurse. NOTES. 95 134. iir d(i4>iirvXov, k. t. X. : the meaning of these words is doubtful. They are, I think, best taken thus, / heard a cry near the doorway within the house ; the chorus inferring Medea's nearness to the door from the dis- tinctness of her voice, eirl as Heracl. 239, £<j> 08. Other ways are pos- sible : 1. Being near the porch (Medea's) / heard a cry within tlie house. But the chorus has just arrived and was not ' near the porch ' when Medea last spoke, 111. 2. Being near (my own) doorway I heard a cry in (Medea's) house. So Wecklein. 3. Joining d/n<£. fieXdd., being near the double-doored house, I heard a cry within. So Elmsley, Paley, Klotz. To this the same objection applies as to 1, and the position of &ru is, be- sides, unfavorable. 4. / heard a cry inside, in Ow double-doored house; i-wi as in e7r' oU-qp-aTos, etc., but this use belongs rather to later prose, dfi- cplirvXos occurs only here. Klotz and Paley, taking it adjectively, refer it to the outer and inner door {avXeios and p.iravXosi), but the word as applied to a house can only mean having a door on both sides. But as a substan- tive to dfi(piirv\ov can mean doorway or vestibule ; cp. dp.<pidvpov, Theocr. xiv. 42, and Schol. II. w, 323, " Kuirpioi Se iraardda dp<pidvpov, HikcXoI 5£ rr]v atfXeiov (tvpav"; also trpbOvpov. — ?<rw, as often, is for evrbs, without any idea of motion. 136. o-vvt|8o[i.(u for rejoicing at 'misfortunes is rare, but Hippol. 1286, rt rdXas roiade avvTjdei ; cp. Bhes. 958. 138. tTrcl---KCKpavT<u, since it (the household, especially Medea, see v. 11) has endeared itself to me. KeKpavrai (sing.) from Kpalvu. 139. 8(5|ioi, house, i. e. family. — tcLSc, all that. 142. ov8iv irop. <|>p«'va, nothing comforted at heart. 147. PkjtcLv, object of KaTaXvaaip,av. The same expression, frag. 984, KOLTaXvaap.4vovs [3Lov ; the active Suppl. 1004, KaraXvaovaa j3iotoi>. — irpo- Xiirovo-a (ai'TTji). 149. dx<iv (= -nxv") is a correction of Nauck, after Elmsley. The Mss. have iaxdv, but the tragedians, so far as can be made out, use the second syllable of laxv always long. 151 - 153. tis o-oi ttot€, k. t. X. : What longing for that dread resting- place (the grave) would fain hasten for thee the final issue of death? dirXaTOv is due to Elmsley, the Mss. having dirXda-rov or dnX-quTov ; some retain the latter, understanding koitcls of the marriage-bed. The future o-trevo-ei expresses present intention or will : GMT. § 25, 1, X. 6 ; Kiihner, Ausf. Gramm. § 387, 4. Yet it is rather oddly used, and there is some probability in Weil's conjecture, who reads aweijaei. davdrov reXevrd, as a separate sentence : 'death will of itself come quickly enough.' On Gavd- tov TcXevrdv see H. 561 ; G. § 167, Note. 154. \i.-r\&iv = pL7}da/j.Qs. Not a common use. Androm. 88 and 463 ; At. Ran. 435 ; Aesch. Ag. 1438. 96 MEDEA. 157. Be not exasperated tenth him for this. to8« is properly the cognate accus., H. 547 c ; G. § 159, N. 2. Elnisley takes it as thus, which, how- ever, will not do in p.i) pol rode x^ eo > d. e 215, \[/ 213. See lexicon for the literal meaning of xapdffcre<T0cu. 160 llg. Themis, as goddess of divine justice, is appealed to for redress of wrongs, as Soph. Elec. 1064. Hence she is called eiJKTaia below, 169, and iKeaia, Aesch. Suppl. 360. Artemis is the special protectress of females, so naturally invoked by them, as Soph. Elec. 626, 1238 ; Aesch. Suppl. 1031 ; Eur. Phoen. 152, 191. ■ — 8pK0is evS^o-aixtva, namely, when she con- sented to leave her home with him. 164, 165. avTois |xeXd6pois : H. 604 end ; G. § 188, 5, Note. — irpdo-eev dSixeiv : "the Greek idea was, that to begin the wrong, vTrapx^-v dbiKias, involved the entire guilt, any retaliation being then lawful. Of. 1372." (Paley.) irp6o-6a> may be rendered unprovoked. 166, 167. direvdo-0T]v : from aTrovaiu ; alaxp&s goes with it. — Kacriv, Apsyrtus ; see Introduction, § 11, and note on v. 1334. 169. Zfjva : whereas Medea, 160, has not invoked Zeus. This has troubled many commentators, ancient and modern. Hut Zeus opuios, the guardian of oaths, would be the first deity on whom Medea would naturally call ; and we may suppose that in her previous outbursts (see v. 21) she has called upon him, and that the nurse forgets what particular divinities she has just appealed to. If an emendation is necessary, that of Nauck, Zr}v6s for Zrjvd 6' (cp. 208, and note), is easy. 171. ev tivi p-iKpoi, with (the commission of) any trifling deed. 173. irus dv, k. t. A., as 97. 176. & ™>s, II. 830 at end ; somewhat differently GMT. § 53, X. 2. — Papij0D(Aos is sullen, opposed to 6t.v9vfj.os, quick-tempered, impetuous. 178. to irpoevfiov = irpodvpla, G. § 139, 2 ; II. 496, 6th ex. 181. (f>i\a Kal Ta8' a<i8a, sc. elvai. rdde = i)pcLs, more exactly our party ; so Aesch. Pers. 1. The meaning is, say too that we are her friends. 182. o-7r€\io-ao-a is Wecklein's emendation (who, however, gives tl irpiv). — The subject of KaKucrai, Medea, has to be understood. 184. el, as to ivhcthcr ; a simple indirect question after an expression of fearing; GMT. § 46, Note 6 (c). Here and Heracl. 791 it stands for m oil, but Andr. 61 for pr\. 186. p.6)(0ov x^pi-v tt|vS€ means the favor of this trouble, as it were p.. %• rovoe. — £7n.8cicra>, trill grant f rah/, beyond my obligations. 187. Stp-yp-a : cognate ace. with aTroravpovTai, as if with depKerai. 100 fig. The tenor of the following passage is that music might, if rightly employed, be made a comfort in grief, whereas it is only used to heighten needlessly the merriment of feasts. 192 tig. The correlative of (xt'v is 5t, 195. — dtcods = aKpodp-ara. NOTES. 97 197. €^ uv refers to Xinras. — 0d.va.Toi, violent deaths. 200-203. Xva., where. — nivovvi {utter in long-drawn strains) of the physical act of singing. — to 7rapbv 7r\T) 1 jco[j.a together. TrXr/pw/xa, physical satisfaction. The sense : ' feasts are merry enough without the aid of song.' — The nurse here enters the house. 205 fig. Take Xi-y^pd adverbially (or rather as predicate adj. of effect, = ware Xiyvpa elvai). fio-ycpd belongs with ax ea , and the phrase &X etx P 0< ?j as containing a simple idea (= Opnvei), governs the accus. rbv . . .naKowpfyov, And loudly crying forth her grievous woes she complains of the false bride- groom, etc. Such constructions, in which a verb and accus., taken to- gether, govern a second accusative, are not infrequent in tragedy. Soph. Elec. 124, rd/cejs oip.wyav tqv 'Ayap^pivova ; Bacch. 1289, to p.e\Xov Kapdla ■jr-ejdrjp. ?x el - 208. rdv Zt|vbs 0€[uv, Zeus' own Themis; that is, his irapeopos (Find. 01. 8, 27), and inseparable companion. So Qepis Atd? nXapiov, Aesch. Suppl. 360. Slie is here said to have led Medea into Greece, the idea being that Medea went in reliance on Themis as guardian of the oaths of Jason. 211 flg. 8t' 61Xa VVX.LOV, over the sea in the night. — ttovtov K\fj8a : the strait of the Bosporus ; called dirtpavTos, impenetrable, because of the Sym- plegades which guard it. a.Trepavros has this meaning Aeseh. Prom. 153 and 1078 ; elsewhere it means end/ess. Some give it the hitter sense here, justifying it by Homer's 'EXXrjairoi-Tos anelpwv, 11. w 545. IJoth meanings of airipavTO? arise naturally, since nepaivw means either pass through or go through with. 214. Medea appears on the stage. 215 tig. A difficult passage. Probably the following interpretation (Seidler's) is the right one : Iknoiv many haughty -men, some from personal acquaintance {6p.p-6.Twv airo), others who are strangers ; and these (namely, both the above classes, all the tre/ivoi) froia their reserved demeanor have got an evil name and a reputation for indifference. This use of an 6p.pa.Twv, icith- my eyes, from my own observation, is found Aesch. Ag. 987 ; nearly thwi.sa.me Aesch. Suppl. 207, Soph. 0. C. 14. iv Gvpatois, among foreign- ers or strangers, the usual meaning of Ovpaios in Eurip. The yavxos ttous is one slow to make advances, not meeting one, as we say, half-way. (Some editors, with the Scholiast, explain roes pev...6vpuiois 'some in retirement, others in public life.') For KTaaOai = get the reputation of, cp. I. T. 076, oeiXiav KeKTijaopai, and Soph. Ant. 924. 220. oo-tis after ppor&v, H. 514 d, last part. 222-224. Strangers especially, she says, should adapt themselves [irpoa- Xupeiv) to their adopted land, though, to be sure, not even in citizens are stubbornness and ill-breeding (dpaOia) praiseworthy. Hermann sees in this last verse an allusion to the demagogue Cleon. The aorist f|'v«cra and 98 MEDEA. some others are used to denote a. feeling or resolution (or the expression of the same) which lias already arisen in the speaker's mind, where we em- ploy the present. GMT. § 19, N. 5 ; H. 709. 226. \J/v^v 8i«p0a.ptc*, has broken my heart. 228. «v u>...irdvTa, for he with whom my all rested. — ■yi-yvwo-Keis : the Mss. have yiyixlxTKeiu, due, as the Sehol. expressly says, to the actors, who misconceived the sense. yiyvucrKw and yiyvwaKei have also been conjec- tured. 231. <J>vtov, like our creature, in a depreciatory sense. 232 llg. irpiora \ilv answered by Tt : (' first buy the husband, then serve him ') unless, indeed, the correlative is 235 fig. — XP T H JL< * TW '' virtppoXfj : rightly explained by Paley, "by outbidding others in the offer of a wealthy dower." Cp. Amir. 289, vTrepfioXais \6ywv 8va<pp6i>wv, vying with each other in hard words. inrepftaWeiv means outbid. Euripides has transferred the usage of his own time to the heroic age, in which the custom was quite the reverse, the suitor bidding for and buying, as it were, his wife. — tovto, rb 5i(jirbTr)i> \a(3di>. For the expression cp. Soph. 0. T. 1365, irp€aj3irrepoi> i-Ti kclkou kclkov, u?i evil wor.se limn evil. 235 fig. a-ytiv, risk. — By airaXXaYai is meant the awoXeupis or formal separation from the husband, attainable to a woman only through a diffi- cult process at law, and looked upon at best as scandalous. The husband, on the contrary, might repudiate {diroTripireiv) his wife at pleasure. Here, again, Eurip. has Athenian institutions in mind. 238-240. The sense : 'a woman who has come by marriage into a for- eign land has need (in order to live happily) of supernatural foresight, if she has learned nothing from her relatives as to the disposition of him who is to be her husband.' This is the best that can be made of the Mss. reading. 8to> is equivalent to olip. Not the difficulty of selecting a hus- band is meant (for that is not compatible with the tense of acpi.yp.evqv), but that of living agreeably with him afterwards. And to make this meaning plainer some alter the last line, reading oirws for 6Vuj, or x a P L(reTaL f° r XPycrcrcu. 241, 242. d goes with €Kirovovp,tvai.cTiv. — pt<j, restively, like an intract- able horse. 245. Jfircvua-6 : gnomic aor. See on 130. 247. irpos p.tav x|/u)(T|v ■ t.> tov at/Spas, Sehol. Athenian custom con- fined women strictly to their homes. pX^irtiv implies devotion ; cp. Ion (314, ets Safiapra ff)p fi\fTrr)S, and Andr. 179. 250. ko.ku>s 4>povovvT«s : syn tact ieally with \iyovat, yet standing by itself; wrongly though. Just so Heracl. 55. 252. aXX' ov -yap, but (enough said, for) .. .not ; II. 870 d. — tJk«, ap- plies. NOTES. 99 258. jie8oppifo-ao-0ai, {with whom) to seek a haven of refuge from, etc. Properly, to change moorings away from something. 259. to<t6v5€ : observe the rather unusual accus. of the thing with rvy- \avtiv : cp. Phoen. 1666, ov yap av tvxois rdde. — Pov\if|crop.at for j3ou\o/j.ai: the idea of the future fulfilment of the wish is in the speaker's mind and tries so to find expression. Just so Soph. Aj. 680, 0. T. 1077, 0. C. 1289. 261. irdtriv 8iicqv : the construction is unusual, hut right ; riveadaL riva SLkwv strictly means cause a man to pay a penalty, 262. fj t« = iKelvrjv re y. The Mss. have r\v re, which cannot be satis- factorily explained. A man is said yaixdv tiucl, a woman yap.eicr6ai run, but what can yap.eiadai two. mean \ As a case of attraction, yv re is not justifiable, for in such places the nom. is invariably retained ; see v. 515, Ale. 338 CTvyuiv p.ev y p.' iriKTev, Or. 1165, Ion 669. Of other explanations the only one at all tenable is Hermann's, who thinks yap-dadai properly a causative middle, to get (one's self or another) married, and that ya/j.ou/j.ai ttjv dvyarepa can be said like didder nopai t'ov naiSa. He would then render, 'and her whom he (Creon) has given him to wife.' But, as no similar example can be found except it be II. t, 39-1 (and even this is not quite parallel) this use remains, for Attic, more than doubtful. Elmsley first gave t? re. 263. 264. The proper correlative of t&XXo. fi«'v is 6rai> 8e below. Sec on 413. — €s oXkt|v and <rl8. elcropav, two separate modifiers of kolkt). 271, 272. Creon appears with attendants (dnaSoi, 335). — elirov, / com- mand (finally, as something already resolved on), see on rjueaa, 223. 278, 279. koXo) are reefing-ropes ; so c^u'vai koXws = shake out reefs, set sail (= Xwoi 7r6<5a, Hec. 1020), cp. Tro. 94, H. F. 837. The figure is that of one ship pursuing another. — tinrpdo-oicrTos e'KPao-is, accessible landing-place, irpoffipepeadai is used of putting in to shore, Xen. C'yr. 5, 4, 6. 284. o-u|ipdX\eTai....8eifiaTos, Many circumstances contribute to this fear, literally, contribute (a part) of this fear. H. 574 e; G. § 170. In the next line explanatory asyndeton ; H. S54. 288. tov 8dvTa, k. t. X. Medea's own words, as reported to Creon. 293. Sd£a, my reputation, for aocjia. — 294. \p-r\ 8' oviroS': see on 73. 295. eKSiSdo-Kto-Gai, luive instructed, causative middle ; H. 6S9 b ; G. § 199, Note 2. — <ro«j>ovs t predicate adj. of effect, = <Wre <ro0oi)s dvac : cp. Elec. 376, 5i8dcn<ei 5' &.v8pa...Ka.n6v. The thought of the following verses was suggested by the poet's own experience. See Introd. § 1. 296. x&>p!s...dp'yias, for, aside from the charge of sloth which they have to bear besides. ?x €lv dpyiav is said like Krdadai pq.8vi.uav, 217. This idio- matic use of &\\os, on the other hand, besides, is well known. H. 538 e (end). So Ion 161, &\\os...kvsvos, a swan besidxs. 100 MEDEA. 304. Interpolated from 808. 308. wTTi...i%a\i.. depends on tD5' Zx el P- 01 - 314, 315. lea! -ydp lias not its usual force here, but Kai = Kalnep and goes with i)5i.Kvp-ei>oi. — t)8iki7 pivot : when a woman speaks of herself in the plural, she uses masculine, not feminine forms; H. 518 d. — Kp€i<r<rdvw '• H. 581 end ; G. § 175, 2. 316, 317. derm 4>ptvo>v with fiovXcvrjs. — PovXevTjs, lest you are devising. In strictness, the pres. subj. in such cases refers not to a present act, but the future disclosure of a present act ('lest it may turn out that you are now plotting'), so that the rule (GMT. §§ 12 and 20) that the subjunctive in final and object clauses refers to the future, still holds good. The Mss. here have povXevcr-ys, which could be retained only by translating, ' lest you may (prove to) have plotted.' This use of aor. subj. is Homeric (II. a 555, k 97), but I know of no Attic example. The correction is Elmsley's. 319, 320. us 8' aiirws, and just so. This adverb is often written avrws, but wrongly. It comes from auras, with changed accent, not from ovros. lis avrus (waavTus) is simply the ablative of 6 aur6s. — <j>vXo.<ro-€tv, to keep watch of, not quite the same as (pvXdcraeadat. 322. fipape : pert*, of dpapier kw . Do riot confuse this perf. apdpa with the 2d aor. apapou, ijpapov. The former is intrans., the latter transitive. 324. irpos <rt ■y 0V( * T0 ' v j sc - iKerevoj. In adjurations, ere is commonly placed between irpbs and its genitive (so per te dcos oro), and often the verb which governs it is left out. Cp. Ale. 275, p.-q wpos ere deQiv tXtjs ^e irpoiodvat. H. 885. On yovaTwv see note on 709. Medea clings to Creon in the attitude of a suppliant here and again 336. 329. ("Well do you speak of country) for to me at least 'tis far the most precious thing I have, save only my children. Meaning that the safety of both requires Medea's banishment. — ilp.oi.Ye in opposition to Medea ; he really loves his country, he means, and is not minded to betray it, as Medea lias hers. 331. That, I fancy, is just as circumstances come about. Sirws is here a simple relative, and so takes av ; GMT. § 62. — kcu emphasizes tvxoli ('circumstances too influence the matter'). 334. (Your troubles forsooth !) ' T is I vho am in trouble, and in trouble enowjh, too. For the two meanings of the perf. KexpVP - 1 - see lexicon, and cp. 347. The last part of this verse is added simply for fulness, according to the idiom of confirming a statement by denying its opposite, as Xi'Trpov Oiapa kov cpiXov, Tro. 1157. Others explain, 'I have no need of other troubles, and so cannot relieve you of yours,' in answer to the words dira\- Xa^ov ttovuv, as if Creon had asked her to take his troubles on her own shoulders. This involves a sort of grim witticism, and seems rather trifling. NOTES. 101 336. dXXd, nay rather. Cp. Hel. 939, p.q dr/Ta, vapdir, d\Ad a i/cerei^w To8e. 338. tovto : to p.q (pevyeiv. 341-343. <j>povTi8', accus., not dative.- — -fl, qua; in what direction and so whither.- — a<J>op)j.TJv, resources, means, properly a start tag -'point. The meaning, place, of safety (Lidd. & Scott), is wrong. — ovSev irpoTi^a, does not at all care or think it worth while. 346. A <j>€v|ovp.«ea : GMT. § 56. 349. The perf. 8i£'4>0epa is always transitive (= 5U<p6a.pica) in Attic poets. 350. €^a|iapTdvuv : see on ybiKvp-ivq, 26. 356. Spdff-cus, the best Mss., which without av is, of course, a solecism. Others Spdueis. But these two verses are in all likelihood interpolated ; the words \e\evTcu...o5e mark the end of the speech. Creon here departs. 358. \i.t\(a...a\toiv: see on 96. 359 fig. I give with Kirehhofi' the reading of the best Mss. Take tlvo, with (fwr-qpa ; what savior through hospitality... ? 8dp.ov and x.9dva are appositives. irpbs |«viav adverbially, like Trpbs filav, Trpos (pi\iav, strictly conformably to, or in the way of hospitality ; with auTqpa as with a verb ('whom to save you in hosp.'), cp. on 479. It must be confessed, how- ever, that this is hard, and that probably cijevp-qo-as is to be bracketed with Weckl., Tiva then going with ^ivlav. The easier reading irpo^eviav rests on slender authority. 361. kX-uSiovo, Kaxuiv : a frequent metaphor; Sirppl. 824, II. F. 1087, Hipp. 322, Aesch. Pers. 599. 365. dXX' oiin . irw, but filings ore not yet come to that pass, don't think it. That ttw belongs not with fiij doKelre, but the preceding, is seen from Arist. Erp S43, Aesch. Prom. 511, where the same idiom occurs. The confused order here heightens the intensity. 367. toIo-i KT]8eijcracriv : Creon is meant. 370. oirSt — oiSe, not even— nor. — x € P°^ v ) dative, with my hands. If genitive, the sing. x € P^ s would have been used. See note on 709. 372, 373. eXeiv, thvjart. — acf>fjKev, has left me free to remain. a<pir)pu is not often so used with infinitive (except it be of a verb of motion, Soph. Phil. 1349), but Plat. Legg. 7, 806 c, to 6rp\v , . .a<p(.ivra rpv<pa.v ; and ibid. 2, 657 e. 382. v7T€pPcuvov(ra., said of passing the threshold, here in entering (so i>Trep{3a>wv rv\as, Ale. S29), but Ion 514, in coming out. 3S4, 385. Kpaxiara: H. 518 a. — tt)v ivQtlav (6S6v), adverbial. — Tre^>. o-o4>cu, namely, wc women, the sex in general. Elmsley conjectured <ro<poi, so as to mean Medea herself: see on 314. But poison was a recognize. I woman's weapon : see Ion 616, 845, and frag. 467. 336. koI 8t| TgOvctcri, sup2>ost now they are dead. Cp. 1107. 102 MEDEA. 389. irvp-yos : metaphorical. 391. But if a fute devoid of all resource decree my exile. 393. t6X(it]s to KapT€pov, the height of daring. 396. Medea has an image of Hecate, patroness of witchcraft, in her house. Such private shrines, 'Exarcua, were common at Athens. 398 fig. The ydpoi will he bitter to bride and bridegroom, the n'jdos and <pi<yal to Creon. 400. p.n8*'v is, of course, adverbial. Cp. Soph. El. 716, <pd8ovro Kempwv ovUp, also Aj. 115, Eur. Hec. 1014, H. F. 1400. 404. tois 2io"u<j>€lois, k. t. X. : from, the Sisypheans and from Jason's bride. The dative with 6<p\i(XKdvu denotes the person from whom or in ichose mind anything is incurred. ~uru<peLoi is a contemptuous name for the Corinthians, from Sisyphus, their ancient king, who was k^pSicttos av- 5pu>v (II. f 153), and otherwise in ill repute. Creon especially is meant. Wedlock is put for the bride, as Andr. 103. (Others, joining 2i. and "yap.., explain 'from the marriage of Sisyphus's descendant and Jason,' as dat. of cause, I suppose. But the second tcks forbids this ; moreover, the con- text requires dat. of the person whose laughter is feared. Probably, how- ever, we should read rolad' for tois t : 'from this Sisyphean bride of Jason's.' ) 405. irarpos : Aeetes, son of Helios. Od. k 138, dpcpw (Aeetes and Circe) 5' eKyeydrrju (paetjipLppoTov 'lleXLoio. 406. €7rto-Tao-ai : referring back to 400. — irpbs Si koA irtcf>. yuvau«s, and, besides, ice (I and the rest of my sex) arc ivomen. 410. Medea remains on the stage during the choral song, the burden of which is: (1) The infidelity of men ; men will, the chorus says, hence- forth have that name for faithlessness which hitherto has been borne by women. (2) The forlorn condition of Medea. — dvio trora\i.'2v, k. t. X. : " Rivers flowing backward " was a proverbial expression for whatever hap- pens contrary to the ordinary course of things. — Upwv: all rivers are sacred. 413 llg. av8pd.cn. p*'v is answered by rai' 5' epdv, not deui> ft. The first 5<f is only continuative, or at most but slightly adversative. Just so 263 fig. It is a question whether we ought to read re in such cases. — 0€»v irio-ris, faith plighted in the sight of the gods. (Paley.) — rdv 8'...cpcLp.ai, report, will bring about a change to my (that is ours, women's) life, so that it shall have a good reputation. 421 tig. p.ovcrai iroik. doiSav, tin strains or' ancient lays. — djivtvcrai — vjj.vov(tcu. This kind of contraction is rare in tragedy: Hipp. 16" dt'T€w, I ph. A. 789 pvOevaai. vpveh has a bad sense here, as not unfrequently. Eurip. was thinking of passages in Homer and Hesiod, but especially of the iambi of Arehiloehus. NOTES. 103 424 fig. ov yap, k. t. X. : the sense is, 'we women have not the poetic gift, or we might ourselves sing a song in answer to men.' yap is used in anticipation of the following sentence, the idea being, '/or a song might easily be sung, though I cannot myself sing it.' — dvTdxT]o-' &v, would (proceed to) sing. See on 1351. — <i«ra,o-e Gc'crmv doiSdv : Homeric ; Odyss. 6 498. 428 fig. jwiKpbs 8' aluv, k. t. X. : a long life (the experience of a long life) has (i. e. can furnish) much to say about..., etc. — \Uv— rt: see on 125. — u.otpav, mutual relations, properly 'part or share in life in relation to one another. 431 fig. ircLTpuos shortens the penult often in Eurip., only, however, in lyrical passages or anapaests. Many critics distrust the Mss. and would restore ndrpios everywhere. — opiaao-a, parting, passing between. (Others, passing the limits of, as in Aesch. Suppl. 544, yaiav opifei, but this sense seems natural only with 7cuai', wo\lv, and the like.) 436. Koiras XtKTpov : a common pleonasm; Hipp. 154, koIto. Xex^, Iph. T. 857, KXtaia Xturpuv, Ale. 925, H. F. 798, Soph. Ant. 425, Aesch. Pers. 543. 439. X^P IS > 'reverence. 442 fig. fi€0opfj.icra<r6cu, as 258. — irdpa = irdpei<Tt.v. — tuv Sl...iira- vta-ra, but another princess, more potent (to charm) than that couch of thine, has risen up against thy household. — ovre— o€ instead of oure— re, by a slight anacoluthon ; cp. H. 855 b : so Soph. Trach. 1151, ovre ixrp-qp... iraiSwv 8t, and elsewhere. 446. ov vvv, k. t. X. : cp. 292. 451, 452. Ko.fioi \i\v, k. t. X. : for myself indeed I care not ; go on for- ever, if you choose, saying that..., etc. — 'Ido-tov outside its clause, yet retained in the nomin. ; cp. Bacch. 173, trw tis, eladyyeWe Teipeaias on ford vlv. 453, 454. rupdvvovs, the royal family. — irdv KtpSos, char gain. — 4>vyn, with exile only, and not rather with death. 456. d<J>T]povv : impf. of attempted action. 459, 460. kcik t<ov8«, even after this. — to o-bv Si -rrpoo-K. in opposition tn dimpTjKws : not having failed my friends, but, on the contrary, provid- ing for thy interests. aTrenreiv (air ay opedui, diravbCb) is construed with the dative in two ways. (1) Dat. of disadv. ; flag, or give out in serving ; as diravodv (ptXoi?, decsse amicis, Andr. 87 ; and in this place. (2) Dat. of cause ; sink under, give out ill ; so aTrenreiv KaKois, a\yei, tt6voi$, Ov. 91, Hec. 942, Ale. 487. In both these cases the verb has its meaning of tire, flag. Quite distinct is (3) its use with accus., meaning renounce, disourn ; a-rrenr. irouovs, earlav, Suppl. 343, H. F. 1354, Ale. 737 ; and, furthermore, (4) the meaning forb id. 104 MEDEA. 463. ko.1 -yap «t, for even if; ko.L going with el, and yap referring to 77/cw above, tlie intermediate sentence being parenthetic. 465 fig. tovto "yap, k. t. X. : for this (the term irajKa.Ki.aTe) is the bitter- est reproach for thy unmanliness which I can utter in language (yXwaari), though I feel yet deeper scorn in my heart. 468. Interpolated from 1324. 469. 0pd<ros in a good sense, = Odpaos. 474. KaKus goes with kXvcov as well as X^aaa. The student will remem- ber that KaKws kXwlv (aKOvetv) is passive of KaKuis X^yew. 476. A noteworthy example of Euripidean sigmatism, a trait ridiculed by the comic poets. Cp. 380, 404, 1217, and for other alliterations 323, 340. 479. £€v*yX.ai.<ri : dative of means with eino-TdT^v as if with a verb (e7rt- crTarovvTa). — 0avdcr. "yvT]v : see Introd. § 11. 482. KTeivao-a : by proxy. She put the dragon to sleep by her enchant- ments, and so enabled Jason to kill it. Similarly just below, 486, dirt'K- Ttivo. H. 686. — kvivyjav, k. t. X. : held up for you a torch of safety. (Wecklein, however: rose on you as a, guiding star.) 485. irp60vjj.os p.d\Xov = TrpoOvp.ore'pa. For the second comparative crocfxoTe'pa see H. 660 b. 490, 491. Childlessness of a wife was held to justify her divorce and the taking of another. — (rvyyvwcrrd : see on Kpariara, 384. The best Mss. avyyvwurbv rjv, which some defend on the principle of xpfy, clubs fy, etc. (GMT. § 49, 2, N. 3). But these imperfects are regularly used without av only when the necessity or propriety is not met by the facts. In the pres- ent case o-vyyvwarov r/u would mean, 'you would be justified in doing what you are now not doing,' but ffvyyvwo-T av 9jv, 'you would be justified in doing what you are now not justified in doing.' Of course, the latter is the meaning here. Infractions of this usage are found, it is true, but they are rare. Moreover, avyyv^ar av fjv is certain Elec. 1026 in an exactly similar passage. 493, 494. ^ — ¥\ in indirect disjunctive questions, after Homeric fashion, occurs in a few passages of the tragic poets. Many discredit it, and sub- stitute el — if. — 0«o-|j.d : heterogeneous plural of Beanos, ouly here and Soph. frag. 90. 497. TcovSe -yovdTwv : genitive instead of nominal., because the speaker has eXap.l3d.vov in her mind. — i«xpw(r|i€0a refers to the clasping both of hands and knees when Jason was a suppliant for her favor. See on 709. 500. SoKovcra \ilv tC 8|a<os 8e, expecting what good office from you, forsooth? (None, of course.) Still I will do it. 503. ovs...kcu TraTpav : cp. 163. — d<JHKop.T]v, came hither. 506 (lg. 01 o£ko06v <}h\oi are kindred, friends by natural relationship. Cp. Andr. 979, rvxan rah oiKodev, domestic calamities ; Find. Pyth. 8. 72, NOTES. 105 to oiKoOev, his family tics ; Troad. 963, ra ottcodev Ketrn, those natural en- dowments ; Troad. 648, 371. — oils Se, Pelias's family. — ovk €\pfjv, not ought not, but had no need, no motive. 509. iroXXais p-axaptav, happy in t/ie view of (H. 601 end) many women, i. e. envied by them. Said with bitter irony, in remembrance of former promises of Jason. 512. tl— -ye as 88. 515. i\ t« = /ecu ejxk ij. 516 fig. 8s : &v is omitted ; GMT. § 63, 1. (b). — T€icp.TJpia : the touch- stone, (3daavos, is meant. The same sentiment, Hipp. 925. 523. This verse is borrowed from Aesch. Theb. 62. — oiore = &<rirep, not rare in tragedy, see 1200, 1213. 524. &Kpoi<ri \al(j>ovs Kpao-ire'Sois, i. e. with furled sails. Medea's ■yXoxj-craX-yia is likened to a sudden gale. 526. k<u emphasizes, not \lai> merely, but the whole clause : since, moreover (besides reviling me), you exaggerate the favors you have done me. Cp. Soph. Phil. 380, O. T. 412. 529. £ttC<J>0ovos for Jason, because apparently boastful. The sense : ' You have intelligence enough to understand, though it is invidious for me to relate, that it was Love that,' etc. The antithesis ((it'v — dXXd) is between foOs and \6yos. 532. &XX' ouk, k. t. X. : but I will not undertake to settle the point ivith over-nicety ; the question, that is, to whom he owes his safety. 533 ilg. "yap ovv,for real!)/. — ttjs tp-^s o-a)TT]pias, in return for saving me, genit. of price with \afxf3avio (Orest. 502), as if it were avTi\a/j.(3&i>u>. 538. p.^| irpos Urxvos X < *P tv > without giving way to violence, without allow- ing violence its sway. Cp. H. F. 779, avofxlq. x°-P LV 81806s. 542 fig. XP V °"° S aiK l vijivrjcroi are parallel. — -ye'voiTo : GMT. § 34, 1 (a). 546. dpaXXav, k. r. X. The same words Suppl. 428. 548 llg. ■yfycos : supplem. partic. — a-<o<j>pa)v, chaste, virtuous; the op- posite of cLKpaTTjs, incontinent, lustful. His proof of aoipia, 551 fig., of <rw(ppo<Tvi>7], 555 fig., of (piXla, 559 fig. — '4\ fjo~u\os : Medea had made a- gesture of impatience. 554. f\ iraiSa ■yfjp.ai : added after rov8e as explanatory of it. So Heracl. 298. 555. "3 <rv KVt£ei, the thing at which you are nettled. 557. &p.iXXav TroXvTeKvov == ap.i\\ai> woXvreKvias. A compound adjec- tive used for the genit. of its derivative abstract substantive ; a favorite Euripidean figure. So &/j.i\\a (piKoirXovros, ?pts a(3poTr\ovTos, £ct>6<povcn ri- (ial, evreKvoi. xPVVM-oi (I. T. 412, 1148, 776, Ion 423): see also 1010. 560. ■yiyvwaKwv : parallel to ixdaipcov, weirX., ^x u3V above. 564. els TavTO, on the same footing, making no distinction, that is. be- 106 MEDEA. tween them and Medea's children ; by this the latter would gain in con- sideration ; cp. 596. — In the next line, Elmsley's conjecture, evSat/xowdi- fj.ei>, certainly improves the sense. 565, 566. t£ 8ci ; implies ovdev del, hence re — re. — ircuSwv : i. e. ' any more children.' — Xvti (sc. riXv) = Xva-ireXel, as below 1112, 1362, and frequently in tragedy. 573 fig. The same sentiment again, Hipp. 616 flg., at greater length. — Xprjv : imperf. of unfulfilled necessity ; GMT. § 49, 2, Note 3 ; G. § 222, N. 2 ; H. 703. — "yap, the fact is. It may, like that in 122, be explained by assuming an ellipsis: 'Things are not as they ought to be, for...' But it must be borne in mind that ydp does not always mean for, and is not always a causal particle. Its original force (7e + dp) must have been intensive and consecutive, something like surely then, and the recognition of this accounts for many uses of ydp which otherwise can only be laboriously explained. So particularly the ydp of wishes, not only in the formula el ydp, but by itself (/ca*:ws yap ££6Xoio Cycl. 261 ; Orest. 1147 ; Hipp. 640), which might be roughly rendered ivould then indeed. And so it may be taken here, as XPV V is nearly the same as &<peXov. On this matter consult Klotz ad Devar. p. 231 flg., Baumlein's Untersuch. lib. d. gr. Partikeln, p. 6S fig. ; Kiihner's Ausf. Gramm. II. p. 724. — ovk ctvcu : see on 73. — This speech of Jason's, 522-575, is just equal in length to Medea's, 465-519, each having 53 verses, excluding, of course, 468. This correspondence is com- mon in the argumentative parts of Eurip. plays. 577. irapd yv&>pr\v, contrary to your mind or wishes. 580. ipol, to my mind : see on 404. 582 flg. ■yX»o-<rrj with TrepiareXew. — avx<5v, presumptuously fancying. — ovk a-yav <ro$6$ : Cp. Hec. 1192, where it is said that such men are co<f>ol, but not did reXovs ao<pol. 584 flg. «s Kal o-v, k. r. \. There is a slight turn in this sentence, from an assertion to a prohibition : As for instance you — had best not undertake to be, etc. ; the full thought being, ' as, for example, you are a person of this sort, but beware of attempting your sophistries with me.' For ws Kal c6 cp. Andr. 703 ; Hipp. 651. — eKT€V€i : a wrestler's phrase. 588. tu>8« Xd-yu) : this argument in favor of my marrying the princess. 591 flg. The thought is abridged ; it is in full : It icas not that (fear of tny anger) that restrained you (from telling me) but the consciousness that your real motive in deserting me was a different one, namely that your marriage ivith a foreigner teas likely to prove not reputable for your old age ; i. e. if continued through life. 594, 595. ynfiai : in I'm. after oI5a instead of participle. This occurs only with tcrdi, chiefly after the phrase eC r6S' tadi, seldom elsewhere (Soph. Ant. 473, Phil. 1329). — \€KTpo Pao-iXt'wv, the royal bride. /SacrtXe'wv is NOTES. 107 generalizing plural ; of a royal personage, of royalty. The Ms. reading X. fla<ri\ews could only mean a king's wife. The correction is Elnisley's. — OcXwv : as if £777^0. had preceded. 598, 599. Let me not have prosperity which sluill be galling, nor wealth which shall vex my soul ; such as that must be which Jason claims to have provided for her. — kv^oi : GMT. § 64, 1. 600. ol<r0' a>s..<j>av€i ; equivalent to olad' dis fierev^ ap.ivt) aocpwripa <pavei; since txerev^ei is in thought subordinate to cpavel. 606. ■y a H' ^ <ra ) ty talcing another icifc, as you did ? 608. dpaia, a curse, curse-bringing. A dark threat, dpatos has this sense Hipp. 1415, Iph. T. 778, and elsewhere. 609. «s with future indie, at the beginning of a speech, expressive of firm resolution ; an Euripidean idiom. Sometimes, as here, in opposition to the preceding, sometimes in vehement assent. Usually explained (tadi) ws, but perhaps rather the ws is causal : ' It is useless to talk, for — '; 'Have no fear about that, for — .' — Kpi.vovp.cu, litigabo. — twvS* : H. 577, Rem. c ; G. § 173, 1, note. 613. <rv|i(3oXo : in contracting £e«'a, guest and host broke a small bone (tier pay a~\os), and retained each a half, to be used thereafter as a creden- tial either by themselves or others whom they might send ; an interesting usage of the heroic age. 617. 8£8ov, offer; GMT. § 11, N. 2 ; H. 702 end. 619. dXA* ovv : well, at any rate. 624. 8a>|idTttv €£wmos : an expression peculiar to Eurip. (Ale. 546, Suppl. 1038), and ridiculed by Aristophanes, Thesm. 881. 625, 626. crvv 6«p 8 ' tipTjo-mu, with leave of Heaven be it said ; a for- mula to avoid the appearance of presumption and consequent divine dis- pleasure. — dpvtio-0ai, will be fain to disown. 627 fig. Jason having departed, the chorus (1) praises moderation and contentment in love and wedlock, and (2) bewails the lot of the homeless. Medea remains upon the stage. — virtp — o/yav, plus nimio ; as it were, 'in over-excess.' Sometimes joined virepdyav. 629 fig. iraptStoKav : gnomic aorist. The plural of aor. in -Ka, Heracl. 319 ; Ion, 1200 ; H. F. 590 ; Or. 1166, 1641. — dvSpdcriv = avOpuirois, as 675. — aXis, (just enough and no more) in moderation, as Ale. 907. — &6<h : GMT. § 54, 2, (a). 633 fig. \pv<rio>v : xP^ creo! has v often in lyric passages, a license bor- rowed from the lyric poets. Pindar has even xpucis once. — ip^'pf XP- : as with a poison. — ouj-tov : obj. of e<pei-r]s. Aphrodite appears here armed with Eros' bow. 635. oTTt'p'yoi, lovingly watch over, as a parent over children. 639 ilg. 0vp.ov 4KirXT|£ao-a : see on 8. — dirroX^iovs, k. t. X., but favor- 108 MEDEA. ing peaceful unions may she with keen judgment regulate the conjugal rela- tions of women. 647. olKTpoTarov a.\mv , pitiable from its ivocs ; dxe w genit. of cause, as with oiKTelpu. Cp. fj-oipas ev5a.lp.oves, Iph. T. 1491. 648 flg. 0ava.Tw t^avvo-aera : rather (than live an exile) may I perish by death, whenever I have come to that day. This is, 1 think, the best understanding of this perplexing sentence, i^avvw, avow often mean reach, arrive at, usually, it is true, with accus. of place ; but Tro. 595, firya 5' ■f/wae dov\ia, very much as here. (Others render having ended this life; but ijpepa in this sense must have an adjective with it. Hermann's ex- planation, moriar potius quam hunc diem exegerim, according to which i^avvaaaa stands for irpiv et,avvaat, is untenable.) 654. (x{)9ov : obj. of e'x". — <j>pda-ao-0ax, to receive into my mind, to recog- nize the truth of. 659. dxdpisrTOs oXoito, may he perish gracclcssly or dismally ; without having any x°V<s, grace or favor, shown him. Jason, the author of all this unhappiness, occurs suddenly to mind. — 8toj irapto-Ttv, who can find it in his heart. — Ka.0a.pdv (unless indeed naOapav) poetically joined to K\fj8a in- stead of <ppevuv : undoing the bolt of a guileless heart, disclosing frankly one's real character. — &voi£avTa after orcp, justified by the intin. rip-dv. — €(xol \iiv: opposition to others (dXAots oe) is implied. 663. Aegeus enters from the right, as coining from the harbor (682). 668. 6p.cj>a\ov •yfjs : a white stone in the nave of the Delphic temple was believed to mark the centre of the earth. 669. ottws •y € ' V0l - T0: indirect for ttQs yevvrai; GMT. § 88, X. 1. 675. KO.T* &v8pa: 11. 660 c. — o-u(i3aX.€iv: epexegetical infin. ; 'words too wise for a man in respect of understanding them'; that is, too wise for a man to understand. Notice &vSpa = AvOpwrrov. 676. |i€v (without 5') is not unfrequent in questions. Cp. 1129. 677. €TT€i toi «a£: this formula means especially as. 679. The scholiast gives as the current form of the oracle : — 6l<tkov rbv irpov\ovTa 7r65a, fJ-eya ^>e'p TaTe Aaiov, fATf Aiicrr/? Trp'tv yovvbv 'AOrjvaiojv afyLKtaOai ' (so, with slight variations, Plutarch and Apollodorus), and explains its meaning thus : clctkov ovv rys yaarpos, ttqSo. Se to p.bpiov, irapoaov ws 6 ttoSswv tov dffKOv irpoex* 1 ' X«7« ovv on ^XPV CT ^ j"- ' I^V crweXOeiv erepa. (iraipa, Elmsl.) irplv iiri^rjvai tt,% iraTpioos. Medea attempts no solution of the mystery. 682. cos ti XPTlt' 0V: GMT. § 109, Note 4, (a). Exactly, under the feeling of wliai need? Cos is not quite meaningless. 684. us Xiyovcn refers to evae^eararos. Of Pelops' other sons, Atreus a:id Thyestes at least were not ewe/Jets at all. NOTES. 109 688. Medea turns away as if to end the interview abruptly. Aegeus' attention is thus drawn to her sorrowful appearance. 689. 88e, thus : see on 50. 690. Aegeus, I hair, ete. 694. €(j>' tijjuv, not simply besides me, but superseding me, in authority over me. yaixetv eiri tlvl or €7n.ya/j.e'tv tivi is used of taking a second wife 'over the head,' as we might say, of some one, either the first wife or the children. Ale, 305, 372, Orest. 589, Herod. IV. 154. 695. fj irov, if right, must mean, Is it possible that— ? {Really in any way — ?) But it is not elsewhere used in questions implying surprise or incredulity as to a statement already made, but in those containing a sug- gestion of the speaker's, which he brings forward with more or less hesita- tion. Cp. 1308. Accordingly the conjecture fi-q irov (Weil) has much in its favor. 696. irpb tov : H. 525 d ; O. 143, 2. 698. (M-ycty ■/ 'Ipara., namely, epaaOels. The sense : ' Yes, 't is a new passion, and a mighty one, that made him desert me. Inconstancy is his nature.' She next explains that this passion is ambition for rank. 699. £to> = idaOu. ' Never mind him.' Soph. O. T. 669, 6 5' ovv tru. 703. fjv: GMT. §11, Note 6. 707. €iTT]veo-a : see on 223. 708. \o-ya> p,«v oi\i, k. t. X. : he pretends not to, but he is willing to be patient under the affliction. This last with irony, as it were Jason's own hypocritical language. She means that he is secretly glad of it. So un- derstood, the vulgate, winch has caused some perplexity, seems to give good sense. 709. Suppliants clasped the knees, grasped the right hand, or stroked the beard of the person supplicated. 715. 6\pios 6dvois : that is, ' may you live happy till your death.' 717. 8«, as often, where yap would have been in place. 720. 06t5v : the gods are the guardians of suppliants ; Medea, in saying iKtala yiyvofiai (710), had put herself under their protection. 722. <j>pov8ds €t|u, am helpless, undone, have utterly fail eel. Cp. Heracl. 703. (Others, am eager ; but there is no example of such a use of (ppovSos.) 724. Tre-pao-op-ai- 8ikcuos aiv, shall be justified in trying. According to Greek views of the jus gentium it would be right for Aegeus to protect Medea if she tied of herself to him as a suppliant, but not to take her himself out of another's dominions. 725-728. These four lines seem to be a paraphrase of 723, 724, 729, 730, repeating a part of the thought in a diluted form. They seem to have been written as a substitute for them, by some one who thought the original expression obscure. Hence 1 have followed Kirchhoff in bracketing them. 110 MEDEA. Nauck rejects 723, 724, and 729, and places 730 after 726. — oti crt ^ (jl€0w: GMT. § 89, 1 ; II. 845. — tivi : dativus commodi. 729. d.7ra\Xdcr(rov Tr68a: irdda (or kQXov, etc.) is often joined, for greater vividness, to intransitive verbs of motion (fiaLveiv, Trepav, eiraacreiv, etc.) as a kind of cognate accusative (as it were, walk a footstep) ; especially com- mon in Eurip.; Ale. 1153, Elec. 94, 1173, Hec. 53, 1071. 735 fig. Join totjtois iLyovaiv «k ^euas «}«', at the bidding of these, should they attempt to carry me off out of the country. £ue cannot depend on /xe- 6eio, which would require a genit. The Mss. have /xtdds, which, if right, woidd he for /xeOeir^s, a solitary instance of its kind ; this shorter form (fiedeifMtv, etc.) is common enough in plural, but not in singular. &yw of forcible abduction. 737 fig. are badly garbled in the Mss., which give ei>u}/j.oTos...KaTriK7]pvKeu- fj.acn ovk clv ttLOoio : tliis makes the passage merely a repetition of the first part of the sentence. But plainly Xo-yois 8e stands in opposition to opKioicri p.€v, and the meaning must have been, 'but if you make an agreement in words merely, and not with oaths, then you will be likely to yield to my enemies' demands.' A single hint of the original text, KdiriKTjpvKevfjiaTa, is furnished by a scholium. I have written the passage, nearly with Nauck, so as to give tin- needed sense, without feeling at all sure that the words are Euripides'. — tjnXos : namely of my enemies. 739. rdfid: nearly equivalent to eyu. Cp. Andr. 235. 741. ^Xe^as = £5a£as ev \6yois. (borson.) 744 fig. Construe SeiKvvvai '4\ovt<x, to shoe: that I have : cp. 548. Zx° VTa (instead of ^x " 7 "') agreeing with the omitted subject of the inf.; cp. on avoH-aura, 660. — to crov, thy interests. — ejjtryov 0£oijs, name (prop- erly dictate, go over beforehand) the gods 1 am to swear by. So i&PX opKov, Iph. T. 743, administer the oath. 747. o-uvTiOets, together, comprehensively ; "ye'vos belongs with o/jlvv. Cp. Hec. 1184; fragm. C58. Verse 748 occurs again, Iph. T. 738. 750. dXXos, on (he other hand ; Cp. on 296. 753. & for tovtols a. It might have been oh. 754. irdOois = ei"x« iraOdv. Opt. of wishing in a question. 758. tv^ovo - ' d povXcp.o.1 : d either for eKeivw a. cp. 753; or like rocovoe 259. — Aegeus here departs towards the left, as going to foreign parts. 759. Trofiirciios : Hermes, adept in cunning and subterfuge, guides per- sons through difficult enterprises and journeys: Rhes. 216; Soph. Elec. 1395; Phil. 133; Aesch. Eum. 90; II. w, 182. 760 fig. The construction is -n-pd£ads t« (eKelva) a>v eirivoiav Kart\o>v (TircvSeis (avrd). " Idem est e-rrivoiav KaT(.x.uv quod ciriOviiiav exwv." (Elms- lev.) C]). TrbOoV KO.TCXWV, J'llOell. 330. 763. SeSoKTjo-ai : the dramatists use the tenses 5oKy)au), etc., freely, espe- cially in choral passages. NOTES. 111 766. elg 686v P«[3tjkc4mv : that is, we are no longer wandering at ran- dom, see our course clearly before us. 768 llg. f|, where ; ko.6' S fiipos. Schol. In the very matter, she means, which perplexed her most ; see 386 fig. — €Kd[Avofj.ev : as a ship in dis- tress : ep. Aesch. Theb. 210. — Xip.T|V : so Amir. 891 Orestes is called a haven. 770 fig. irpv(xvT|T-qv kcLXcdv : the ancients moored their ships with the stern towards the shore. — (ioXovres : see on 314. — &a-rv, the lower town ; iroXio-fJia, the acropolis. 773. 8€\ov, expect. 778, 779. These two verses come in very awkwardly after 777. They were plainly written as a substitute for it, not to follow it. 781. XittoCo-' dv, Wecklein after Elmsley ; the Mss. Xnrovaa. The par- ticiple represents the optative. — The next line is suspected by many ; cp. 1060. 785. (i/f| <{>€v-y€iv depends on the idea of entreaty implied in SQpa <pepov- ras. Cp. Suppl. 285, yovvacnv ...ttLtvu. ..racpov e^avuaaadai, and Heracf. 345. This verse (lacking in a good Ms.) is also suspected. 790 fig. diraXXdo-o-ui, dismiss. — u>|i(o£a: aor. as 223. Medea has now given up her former plan (375) of causing Jason's death. The idea which has all along been dimly present to her mind has now taken definite shape ; she will take a more exquisite revenge by killing his children with his new wife, leaving him childless and without prospect of issue, to pass an old age of regret and remorse. — TOvvrevOev : cp. on rovuOivde, 1167. 795. <j>dvov 4>€v-yov<ra : the place of the murder was accursed for the murderer ; he was obliged to flee and seek expiatory rites {KaOdpcna, ayvi<xp.a) at the hands of some one at a distance, to be freed from blood-guiltiness (p.iaa/j.a. cu/xa). 798. The thought suddenly strikes her that her life must be rendered miserable by such a deed, but she dismisses it with Never mind; ivhat profits me my life in any case ? I'tw : a formula of indifference or defiant resolution ; cp. 819 ; Ileracl. 455 ; Orest. 794 ; cp. also 699. 802. o-vv 06ui, with Heavens help ; cp. 625. 814 fig. ovk &j-tiv, it cannot be. — irdo-xovo-av after croi : see on 660. 819. ovv (i. e. ol iv) (xe'era), intervening ; 'all that you can say mean- while.' Cp. Hel. 630; Or. 16 ; H. F. 94. (Or perhaps between us; 'the present discussion '; cp. Hel. 944; Elec. 797.) 820 fig. Addressed to the nurse, who has come out from the house. — merrd, confidential matters. — Sec-irdTcus, the generalizing plural ; she means herself. ■ — yvvr\ r '4$vs : so as to sympathize with another woman. 824 fl^. The first strophe and antistrophe celebrate the praises of Athens. After this apparent digression, the chorus returns to the matter in hand 112 MEDEA. •with the thought, ' How can such a place harbor a criminal such as you will be,' and appeals again to Medea to desist from her design. 825 fig. 0t(ov iraiSes : Erechtheus (or Erichthonius) was a son of He- phaestus and Gaea. — d.7rop0T|Tov : so that the autochthonic race have always remained in possession. — The crcxfda is thought of as a natural product of the country. — \a(nrpoTa.Tov : the clear air of Attica was fa- mous, and was thought to impart vivacity and grace. 834. 'Apfioviav must be subject to (pvTevcrai, not object, for nine Muses could not bear one daughter. That the Muses were born in Attica, and that Hannonia was their mother, seems to be an invention of Euripides. Hesiod makes them daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, born in Pieria near Olympus. 835 fig. The text is in disorder. As it stands, the goddess dips water from the river to infuse its coolness into the breezes she wafts over the land. This is perhaps endurable, but hardly the double accus. with Kara- Trvevaai (either x^f jas or /xerpicus [aepcus] would be required) ; moreover, we have (after rejecting avpas, impossible for metrical reasons) a gap of seven syllables, best placed with Kirchhoff after x^P ai, > — — — — The lost words contained some equivalent to ai'pas. 844 fig. Loves which are the companions of wisdom are chaste and tem- perate loves as opposed to sensual passion, including the Ipws ipvxys of the philosophers ; see Eur. frag. 342. Such are iravTOias ap€T&s ^vvcp-yol, that is, join with wisdom in producing every virtue. 846 fig. The order: ttQs ovv r) noXis iepwv woraydv -J) x^P a TroiATn/xos (pi'Kwv ££« <re..., etc. — Upwv "TroTafAuv : gen. of characteristic, H. 568. — <|>i\cov Trd(j.7ri(AOS, safely harboring its friends, affording them a safe refuge. In this sense Trofxiri/Aos 6 daipewv (the Dodonian Zeus), Phoen. 9S4. — tolv ov\ bcriav \iir tiXkuv, you the polluted among your fellow -men. 854. -n-avTr) <r Nauck for TrdvTes. The repetition of <r<r is not surprising. 856 fig. <f>pevbs...X €l p' 1 Ka P^ ( 3- T€ : il curious enallage ; boldness cither of mind or in your hand and heart. — tc'kvov (vocative), Nauck. But even thus the text is hardly sound. 861 fl£. &8a.Kpvv . . . <j>ovov, keep tearless the lot of murder, i. e. 'keep from weeping at the murder you are destined to commit.' The emphasis falls on 6.oa.Kpvv = icare aSattpw dvac. yoipa (pjvov in the same sense, Elec. 1290. 864. (Jxnviav of the effect ; 'stain your hand red.' 866 fig. kcu -yap as at 314. — ovit&v : ovtol av. 871. vircp-ya^ofiai, a rare word, seems here to have the sense of uTrovpyiw. 872. SiaXd-ywv &<Jhk6jat]v: H. 629 d. See on 10S1. 876. T]fJtiv, of course, with crvfj-cpopuiTaTa. She gives him back his own arguments ; see 563, 595 ; and so in the following sentences. NOTES. 113 879. tL Trd<r\a> ; what am I thinking of? what possesses me to act as I do? Cp. 1049. 880. ttcuScs : referring to 565. — \0dva <{>€iL)-yovTas : their banishment from Iolcus is meant. — T||Aa.s: Jason and all the family ; see 551 -554. 884. (rufypovtiv refers to 549. 887. £vp.ir€paivciv and the following infinitives are brought in as if fy... / u€T^x e "' had preceded, instead of the impersonal y...y.eT<:?i>cu. Hence, too, the accus. Kydevovcrav. — irapto-Tcivai Xe\«i : that is, assist at the bridal ceremonies, particularly in conducting the bride into the 6d\a,uos. — vv\l- <j>T)v, k. t. X. : construe ij8ea6ai ti KySevovaav (tending) vvu.<pr}i> aedev. 889 fig. €o-(i€v oldv k<T\t.tv : a depreciatory expression. Cp. 1011. Said in reference to 573 ilg. — yuvaiKes is predicate nom., 'in short, we are women.' — ko,kois: generalising plural; you were not there/ore bound to imitate a bad example like myself. She compliments him on his forbear- ance at their previous interview. — By vrjiria she means blind, senseless invective. 892. TrapUjxecrGa, / speak you fair, I crave your good-will. Trapieadai is used of one who by concessions and fair words tries to win over another. ■ — 4>povtiv: infin. of the imperfect ; GMT. § 15, 3. 896. 8iaXAdx0'HT€ tt)s frp. fc'x^P as > mike peace in renouncing your former enmity. Since diaWdaao/xai is strictly effect a change in my relations, it can, like any other compound of aWdacrw, take the genitive. — The chil- dren, in answer to this summons, appear from the house accompanied by their guardian. 899 fig. oifioi...K€Kpv(JLp.ev<Dv : with admirable art the poet makes Me- dea's grief overcome her in spite of the part she is acting, so as almost to betray her. Her tears burst forth at sight of the children, and these words escape her almost involuntarily. But, recovering herself, she goes on dp' (3 T«Kva, k. t. X., so as to lead Jason to understand to. KeKpvy.y.e'va of the hidden future, and refer her emotion to natural anxiety for the chil- dren's life. 904 ilg. \povu, at length. — TTjvSe, as you see. 906 tig. \\wp6v, fresh. Like our green (wood, fruit, etc.), it is opposed to dry, withered, without reference to color ; so, finally, as applied to wine (Cycl. 67) or water (Phoen. 660) it can mean little else than sparkling. — irpoPcut] |i€i£ov = irpojiaiy (ban y.d£ov ehac. 908. «K€iva, your former conduct. 909 fig. op-yds iroi€to-0ai : periphrasis for opylfcffBai. — xapefiTroXcavTOs (avTov) : genitive absolute, instead of the dative with iroaci, simply fur con- venience of the verse. H. 791 d. Cp. Soph. Trach. 803. 912. viKuio-av = Kfjiiaaw. — dXXd rui \pdvu), in lime at any rate (if not at once). For this use of dXXd, H. 863 a. 114 MEDEA. 915. xoXX^v ?9i]K€ irpo|AT]0lav, has taken measures of great prudence. — <rvv 0eois, as 802. 917. to. irpcoTa of persons of the highest rank, Or. 1248 and elsewhere. 920. Tt'Xos, period. Just so Ale. 412, yrjpws re\os. 922. aiiTti as vocative ; H. 680 a ; G. § 148, N. 2. 926. ev OiaOai irepi rivos is not Greek. The right expression (see Iph. T. 1003) is e5 fftaOai t& tivos. irepi has crept in from above, and before twv8« two syllables (— ^), containing the article, have fallen out. 928. tirl Saxpuois ?<j)v, is by nature prone to tears. 929. TaXcuva, tenderly ; pour woman. This verse comes in rather abruptly here. The coherence is improved by placing 929-931 between 925 and 926. 931. oIktos d, a compassionate anxiety (cin wchmuthiges Gefiihl, Klotz) as to whether. Cp. 184. 934. eirei, k. t. X. : the apodosis is 938 fig. — onrocrmXcH : a mild term. 938 fig. dira£po|Aev : the present in a future sense, like cl/u. H. 699 a ; GMT. § 10, 1, Notes 6 and 7. — 8™ S &v : H. 741 ; GMT. § 44, 1, N. 2. 942. dXXd as 912 ; at any rate. — ira/rpos: the genitive with airelaOai. (as if deladai) is surprising ; cp. 1154. 944 fig. irticrnv o-<{>€, that I shall persuade her (not that she will persuade him), as 946 shows. The following verse then means, ' if she is soft-hearted and susceptible to your blandishments like others of her sex.' Medea slyly flatters Jason's self-complacency ; he prides himself on his influence with women. The Mss. continue 945 to Jason ; that it belonged to Medea is seen from the scholia. 949. From 786. Elnisley and Kirehhoff reject it there and admit it here. 950. dXXd in abrupt transition. — oVov Ta\os = ws t&xos = ws rax'"" 7 ""*- 958. o{!toi [A€(J.irTd, not to be despised, with a double meaning. The reader should not fail to note the covert irony of many of Medea's phrases, as 952, 957. 962. Tjp.ds, me. Jason's vanity is wounded at the thought that gifts can prevail more than bis own influence. 965. p.T| [ioi o-v : se. \6yovs Xcye. — Xo-yos : this proverb, as quoted Plat. hep. 390, runs : — 6dipa OeoDs nei.6ei, Suip' ai&oiow; /ScuriArjas • paraphrased, Ovid, Ars Amat. iii. 653, muncra, crede mihi, capiunt homi- ncsque dcosque. 96G 1!lc. The argument is: 'such finery beseems a fortunate princess rather than an outcast like myself, and as for its value, I would give even my life to keep my children from banishment.' — 6 8at|xwv, Fortuna, the luck. — Ktiva = t& (Keivws. — via -rupavvti, she is young — a princess. — NOTES. 115 <|>iryds: that is, the remission of the penalty. aWdacreaOai is receive in exchange for, purchase at the price '/(less often give in exchange). 974. (tovtwv) tov Ipa tvxciv : purposely ambiguous. The omitted ante- cedent depends on ei'd77e\oi. — The children here depart with their guar- dian-slave and Jason. 978 fig. dva.8eo-p.dv frrav, the heme of the head-bunds = the baneful head- bands. — Tov"Ai8a ko(T(xov, funestum ornatum. (Pflugk.) 985. vv(Ji<}>oKO|AT|o-€i : namely, as bride of Hades; the same idea Iph. Aid. 461, Or. 1109. 989. vTT€p4>ev£€Tcu. : as out of a snare in which the feet are entangled: cp. Aesch. Pers. 100. Three syllables (— — — ) are lacking after this word. 992 fig. ircucrlv — PioTa: two datives, of the whole and part, instead of iraLSwv piorq.. Cp. Hipp. 127-4, ui paivop^vq. Kpa.blq....i<popp.a.<rri, II. F. 179; Bacch. 619 ; Heracl. 63. 995. (Aoipas irapoi'xei, are at fault respecting your lot, fail to realize what awaits you ; literally, have strayed beyond it. (Not, 'how art thou fallen frorii thy high estate.') 996. (i€Tao-T€vo(jLCH, I pa ss to bewailing, I bewail in turn (after having bewailed something else). Schol. fieOiarapai 5e /cat em to gov a\yos. So peraK\aiofj.ai, Hec. 211. In neither of these places can /.(.era- mean too lute or afterward. Cp. p.(Tevxop.ai, 600. 1000. <roi : dat. of disadvantage. 1002. The 7rat5a7w7os, who has accompanied the boys to the palace, here returns with them, and addresses his mistress in breathless eagerness to tell the good tidings. Medea, assured of the success of her plans, and now brought face to face with her dreadful task, stands motionless with horror, and seems not to hear him. — d<j>«ivTai : cp. the construction of a<pui>ai here with that at 1155. Creon's consent had not yet been obtained (1156 fig.), but as the bride has promised to intercede, the servant thinks the matter certain. 1004. TciKetOcv, so fur as matters in that quarter are concerned. 1006 fig. From 923 llg. 1009 fig. (Aa>v...ovK olSa, do I, without knowing it, announce some mis- chance? rvxv in a bad sense, as 1203. — 8d£a tvayyeXos is the credit of bringing good tidings ; see on 557. 1011. ^yyetXas of ^yyeiXas : cp. 8S9. 1013 fig. ttoXXt) |ju* dva-yKt], sc. oaKpvppodv. — TavTa yap, k. t. \. The idea is, 'my own perverseness, under influence of the gods, has brought this about.' She is thinking of the sending of the fatal gifts, but the old man understands her impending banishment, and answers accordingly. 1015 fig. KaTei, shall return from banishment. — -rrpbs tckviov, through 116 MEDEA. thy children. — Ka.Td|<o in double sense ; sJvall restore from banishment, and shall bring down to Hades. 1018. 0vr|Tbv ovra, one who is mortal. 1020. The attendant enters the house ; the children remain. In the remarkable scene which follows, Medea is. swayed now this way, now that, by conflicting emotions. 1021 fig. irdXis and 8«p.a covertly allude to the lower world ; so o'ik. ad with significance. 1026 fig. XeVrpa : not pleonastic, but = match, marriage. — XafiirdSas : to carry torches at the bridal festivities was the special duty of the mothers of the contracting parties. 1029. &X\cos, to mi purpose. — -1030 also in Troad. 755. 1035. ^-qXioTov : feminine, or neuter referring to the infin. clause? Prob- ably the latter. 1039. &XXo o-xf](ia Piov : ambiguous ; the boys understand the splendid life in the palace ; she means the life below. 1046 tig. tovtuv with emphasis ; ' by banning them,' not the guilty man himself. — Sis too-o.: hciec as great as I inflict on him. 1049. ti irdcrxco ; as 879. — yiXtara : forgiveness of a wrong the Greeks considered no virtue, but a weakness. 1051. t^s €(xfjs KaKT|s, k. t. X. : genit. of exclamation, followed by the infinitive expressing astonishment ; GMT. § 104. SJutmc on my cowardice/ To think that I should even have let slip soft words from my heart. 1054 tig. 6ijp.a<rtv : she speaks of the murder as of a sacrifice, and says, 'let him whose conscience forbids his presence, stay away/ The language is that of one warning the unholy away from a sacred act. — avrui (X€Xt|o-€i, sc. p.r] irapeivcu. — X e ^P a &' °v 8ia4>0ep<3, manum non corrumpam rniscri- cordia. (Ptlugk.) The idea is enfeeble, destroy the force of : so yvdj/j.7)i> diarpOelpuv, allot/- my resolution to waver, Aesch. Ag. 932. 1056 tig. 6u|xe : Medea addresses her passion as it were another person. She falters again for an instant, but with a sudden revulsion of feeling bursts forth (id. tovs, k. t. X. — «K6i : in Athens. 1059 tig. "With these words Medea's frenzy culminates ; hereafter her mood is one of calm and unflinching resolution. — Trapr\<ru>: she persuades herself, in spite of 1045 and 1058, that it is too late to save the boys by flight. —1062, 1063, from 1210, 1241. 1064. TreVpaKTCu : GMT. S' 1 7, X. 6'. 1069. Trpoo-ei-rmv : this word means cither to greet at meeting (395) or to hid farewell at parting ; here the latter. The children are yet on the stage ; Medea must have detained them at 1056. 1073. €K6i— evOdSs : both with a double meaning. 1074. TrpocrPoXri : embrace, if Sc riji TrepiTTTvaaecrOcu kcll KanupiXelv ravra \4yei. Schol. C'p. Suppl. 1139, TrpocrpoXai Trpotxtlnrwv. NOTES. 117 1077. ol'a = ol'a re. So KirchhofF. But the text is very uncertain. 1079. Pov\ev(j.dTwv, better judgment. This sentiment Euripid. has repeated several times ; as fragm. 833, aiai, rod' t}8t] ddov avdpunrois Kanbv, 0'a.v tls eiorj rdyadof, xPV raL <>e p.i). Cp. the well-known words of Ovid's Medea (Met. 7, 20). video meliora proboquc, deter iora scquor. 1081. The children have again entered the house ; Medea remains anx- iously looking for further news. Meanwhile the chorus-leader recites the following verses, which are not a stasimon, but only an anapaestic pas- sag'' separating the parts of the episode, like that at 357, but of unusual length. She prepares the way for the sentiments about children she ex- presses below (1090) by saying that she, in spite of her sex, has participated in philosophical speculations, since some women, though few, have intel- lectual culture (fiovaa). A similar exordium, Ale. 962. — Sid. Xeirr. |hj0<ov {fp-oXov, lui.ee engaged in subtler arguments; cp. 872. 1087 tig. rra-Cpov ■ye'vos, a small class : supply iariv. Luav was ingen- iously supplied by Elmsley, after Heracl. 327, iravpuv /xer AWuv eVa yap ev ttoWois raws eiipois av dans, k. t. \. — to yuvaiKuv is added somewhat freely at the end ; of womankind namely, referring to yevos. 1091. d-rreipoi., namely iraib otto uas, as the next clause shows. A like sentiment, Ale. 880 ; the reverse, Ion 488. 1094 llg. Si' &Tmpoo-v>VT|v ut«, through inexperience as to whether. — ov\l TUXOVT6S, inasmuch as they have none (children). 1101 llg. TrpuTov |J.€v — t« : see on 126. — 6tto>s Opctj/wcri : GMT. § 45 and Note 8. — oTroGev Xti^ovo-i, is an indirect question partaking of the nature of an object clause after an expression of care or anxiety ; cp. GMT. § 45 Remark, and foot-note. 1103. €K, after. 1105. to it. Xoio*6iov kixkov, the crowning evil of all. 1107. teal 8t| as 336. 1109. ei 8s Kvpt|crai 8o.ip.wv ovtos, si tamen eafortuna cvenial. (Elmsley.) 1112 fig. Xvei = \vaLT€\d, as 566. — T^vSt Xvttt)v is the grief of losing children by death, and the sense is : ' Why, for the sake of having children, should men incur such afflictions at the hands of the gods ? ' 1117. TaK6l0ev for rd e/cet, from the influence of KapaooKu. 1123. Xnrovo-a : that is, 'not leaving unused,' taking the first means of conveyance that offers, vaiav <r7rT|VT|v : a circumlocution for ship, like vdl'ov oxvP-Q; I ph. T. 410. 1129. \iAv as in 676. — <J>povds 6p0d; we you in your right mind? 1133. p.-f| anrip\ov, don't he excited,. — cfuXos : nomin. for vocative. 1140. €o~imo-8ai = airovoais 5ia\e\vKei>ai. 1141. 6 \Uv tls : H. 525 a, fine print, tls shows that 6 p.iv does not refer to any particular person. 118 MEDEA. 1143. crreyas ■yvvaiKcuv (accus. of j)lace wliitlier), the yvvaiKuvlri.^ or women's apartment. It was unusual for a man to enter this, but the joy of the moment excused this infraction. 1144. 0avp.d£op.sv, look up to. (Elmsley.) 1150. op-yds d<j>TJp€i : 45o" and note. 1151 fig. oil p.r) 8\/crfA£VTis ^o-€t...7ravio-€i Se.Kcu cTTpe'ij/eis, k t. X., be not wrathful., bid cease. ..and turn, etc. GMT. § 89, 2 and Note 1, where similar examples. The futures express a command, and are probably inter- rogative, ov going with all of them, /xr) only with Zaet,. Otherwise Good- win, 1. c. Kern. 1. 1153. ovenrep &v, se. vop.i£y. 1154 fig. irapaiT-qo-€i : irapaiTeiaOai irarpos is less anomalous than ai- retcrdai Trarpus, 912, but both are singular. — «p^v X^P lv adverbial, for my sake. 1158 fig. direivcu: the boys returning home with their attendant, Jason going elsewhere. — T)|x-irio"x«TO : aor. (H. 438, 5); the form 7)p.Trecrx £T0 > with double augment, is very doubtful. 1162. «Ikw (gen. etV-oDs, Hel. 77), collateral form of ehJ)v. 1165 tig. iroXXd iroXXaKis, often and again. — Tevovx' «s 6p06v : t£vuiv is certainly the foot (properly the sinew of the heel), as 15aceh. 938, and 6p66s seems to mean raised ou tiptoe. She. stands on tiptoe and looks over her shoulder to survey the fall of the robe. 1167. toviv0€v8€, deinde. Strictly an appositive ; as the next thing in order. 1169 fig. <j>0dv£i. with a participle as usual, but followed by p.f| irecmv (instead of the more regular wplv -rreadv), since it implies prevention, a nega- tive idea. GMT. § 95, 2 (c) ; H. 838. Scarcely does she throw herself.. .in time tn avoid falling, etc. 1172. Ilavbs op-yds. Such a sudden and unaccountable feeling of terror as sometimes conies over one in deep forests and lonely mountain glades the Greeks believed to be sent by Tan, and thence any apparently cause- less flight or panic (ira.vi.Kbv 5eip.a), even in battle, as well as sudden madness and epileptic fits, were thought to come from him. A like crazing influence over the mind was ascribed to other deities, Dionysus, Hecate, Cybele. In such cases it was proper that the divine presence be recog- nized by an oXoXvyri or prayerful ejaculation, a peculiar cry of the women, expressive of religious fervor and joy, and used on divers sacred occa- sions. 1173 W'J,. irpCv -yt, till at length. — 6p.p.dTiov d-rrb Kopas o-rpe^ovo-av : i. e. airoaTpl(povaav Kopas 6p.p.aTwv. Tmesis. 1176. dvTiiAoXTrov, in a different strain from, governs oXoXvyrjs. Cp. Ale. 922, vp.ivalwv ybos avTiiraXos. NOTES. 119 1181 fig. ^8T)...'fj'TrT€TO shows how long it was that the princess lay in her swoon. Already a swift walker, at a brisk pace (dveXKuiv kQXov), would have been reaching the goal of a course six plethra long (that is. would have walked a stadium), when she, etc. The transcribers strangely misunderstood and garbled this passage. The reading in the text is Porson's, after cor- rections of Reiske and Musgrave. lint even this is hardly sound ; <W\kow, in this connection, for avaxovcplluv, e^aipwf, is odd, and as all the Mss. have the ace. enirXedpov agreeing with kQXov, it seems likely that kwXov (as Aeseh. Again. 344) meant one side of a double race-course, and that aveXxwv has replaced some other participle, with the idea of passing over ; perhaps avipirwv or aveXdJov (Weil dveiXdv). 1183. e£ as in the expressions e£ elprjvijs iroXe/JLeiv, e/c daKpvuv yeXdv, etc. Transl. from this condition of, or after remaining with. — dvcui8ov> with 6p.,u.aros by a kind of zeugma. Ehusl. compares TvcpXrju x € ?P a > I'll. 1699, TV(pXa, tto8i, Hec. 1050. 1193. By o-uv8eo-|xa are meant clasps of some sort (cp. Bacch. 697), by which the head-dress was fastened on, and 'the gold held the clasps' means simply that the golden clasps would not give way. 1196. Kapra 8va-p.a8^|s ISeiv, very hard to recognize at sight. 1197. 8i]Xos: see on 61. — Kardo-Tao-is, expression, strictly settled con- dition. 1200. TrtvKivov Sdicpv • ?nV<xa. Hesych. 1204. Tvxn.v...Si8do-Ka\ov : i. e. we learned caution from the recent calamity. 1209. -yepovTo. is used adjectively. yepuv rvp-fios, of an old man ripe for the grave, occurs again Herael. 166. 1216. T| 8' dvT€\a£vTo : of course only in appearance, by the adhesion of the robes ; it does not imply, as the Schol. thought, that she was still alive. — irpbs Ptav &"yoi, struggled violently. 1218. dirt'cTTT], desisted. 1221. ttoSciv^i SaKpuoio-i : a misfortune welcome to tear's is boldly put for one which calls for, or excites a desire for tears. (The meaning to be mourned for, which Liddell and Scott, 6th ed., assign to iroOeivos here, it cannot possibly have.) 1222. The sense : 'your situation I will not speak of.' 1224 fig. The messenger closes with some rather gloomy reflections : there is, he thinks, no such thing as true happiness among men ; philoso- phers, who pretend to have found the key to evdaLp.ovia, are guilty of most serious deceit. — oi vvv Trpcorov : cp. 293, 446. 1227. ^T)(j.£av : they deserve punishment, he means, for misguiding the multitude. Many write p.upiav on conjecture. 1228 llg. lie distinguishes between evdat/xovia, complete happiness un- 120 MEDEA. alloyed with misery, and evrvxia, mere good luck for the time being. — The messenger now departs. 1236 fig. rovp-yov : subject of deSoKrac and explained by the inf. dcpopp.. and e/c5o0cat as appositives. — Kxavo-uorr] — ixyovcrav : the nearer conforms itself to fioL, the latter falls back into the aecus. 1240. iravrws, in any case. Even if she spared them, they would be killed as instrumental in causing the death of the princess and Creon. 1243. p.-f) irpdo-cmv : fii] ov (which Elmsley restored) would be in place here, but is not necessary ; see GMT. § 95, 2, Note 2, last part. 1245. Pa\(3t8a : the deed is to be the beginning of a long career of wretchedness, which she likens to a race. — Xvirnpdv goes in thought rather with jSi'ou ; see note on Kadapdv, 660. 1250. t« — 8e : H. 855 b. — Medea enters the house. 1251 fig. The text of this ode is corrupt in several places, though its tenor is plain. The chorus calls, as a last resort, on the gods to prevent the impending crime ; on the Sun, Medea's and the children's ancestor, and the Earth, who will be polluted by the blood ; deplores then the mur- derous frenzy which can bring nothing but evil in its train. 1252 tig. 'AeXios has not often a, but a clear case seems to be Soph. Trach. 835. — ko,ti8«t' l'8€T€: as viraKovaov dnovaov, Ale. 400, and several other examples. The preposition belongs equally to both verbs. ' Look on her before she does the deed' implies, of course, 'prevent her.' 1255 fig. The Mss. ads yap dirb against metre ; dwo has crowded out some trochaic word beginning with a consonant. — £j3Xaor€v : who ? Me- dea, as it stands. But it is the boys' divine origin that the chorus is thinking of, not Medea's, who is referred to in the next line as dvepes. So, too, the Scholiast ; 'ifiXacrrev • dvrl tou i^Xdar-qaav, tepverav. eirel ij M??c>eia fih ZKyvovos HXioe, oZ'tol ot in Mr/Selas. It is likely that the lacuna con- tained a word designating the children. Wecklein writes mrlpp-a ; it might be a neut. plural. — Qtiv, k. t. X., there is fear that a, god's blood (in the boys' veins) be shed by human hands. The Mss. a'ipari, giving neither sense nor metre ; -ti is a trace of some lost word ; Wecklein iriSoL. Per- haps alp! eirl ya. 1259 Hi;. <i%ik' ol'kcov, k. t. X., expel from the house the demon of ven- geance, bloodthirsty, driven hither and thither by the Furies. Not Medea herself, but rather her guiding genius is meant. I have written nearly with Weil ; the Ms. reading violates the metre, and affords no dependence for the last two words. — dXdoropov : from num. dXaaropos, another form for a\d<TTwp. 1261. p.dx0os TtKvwv, the toil expended on the children. 1267. &p.€iP€Tcu as it stands must be rendered comes in turn, ensues. But the metre betrays a gap of two short syllables. NOTES. 121 1268 fig. Obscure and corrupt. The most that can be made of it is ; grievous to mortals is the stain of kindred blood (6/xoyePT] fxida/x.) abroad in the land, recoiling from the divine hand (deodev ■kItvovto.) as corresponding woes {cvvqidd &xv) upon the house of the murderers (aurcx^ocTcus e7rt 56/tiois). <ruvu>Sd, sc. tois p.idcrpacnv ; commensurate with the guilt. 1271. The voices of the boys are heard behind the scene. The two verses ol'(ioi...6XXv|i€o-0a -yap come in the Mss. before 1273. But the anti- strophe shows that two trimeters are wanting after 1274, and it seems best (as Seidier first proposed) to insert these, and supply their place above with some exclamation ^as cu'cu) standing extra metrurn. The falling out of this word occasioned the transposition. 1275 tig. dpfj£ai : dpTf/cj construed like dfxvvu), as Tro. 776, waidi t ov 8wa.ifj.ed' av 86.vo.tov dpy^ai, and Heracl. 840. — 8ok€i |aoi, / have a mind. But, with a timidity characteristic of the chorus, they do not venture after ail. So Aesch. Ag. 1346 the chorus, in a similar situation, talk of coming to the rescue, but do not do it. Cp. Hipp. 782. 1278. dpKvwv £i4>ovs : a like figure, 11. F. 729, (3p6xoi<n 5' dpKvu)v...i;i<p7)- (pbpOLUl. 1279. -qcrGa : see on rjv, 703. 1281. TtKvuv dpo-rov (scgetcm liberorum, Pflugk) periphrasis for reKva. ■ — avrdx^pi- H-oipo, a death inflicted by thine own hands, like avroxei-pi- o-(pa~/fj, Orest. 947. 1284. I no, daughter of Cadmus, wife of Athamas, had incurred Hera's anger by caring for the infant Dionysus, whence she and her husband were visited with madness. The commoner form of the story is that Athamas slew one of their children, Learchus, and would have s'ain the other, Meli- certes, but that Ino tied from him and leaped into the sea with the infant in her arms. But Euripides has here followed another account, not else- where found, which makes Ino kill both children in her frenzy, and then throw herself into the sea in despair. The gods took pity on Ino and she became a sea-goddess under the name of Leucothea ; Odyss. e, 333. 1286. 4>6vo> is dat. of cause. 1288. aKTf|s : the Molurian rock near Megara. — inrepTcivao-a iro8a: namely in the act of stepping off into the sea. 1290. Seivov : that is, that can be called terrible in comparison with these crimes. 1293. Jason comes in breathless haste to save his children from the ven- geance of the Corinthians. 1296 tig. vtv— o-<f>€ : the repetition of the pronoun after so short an in- terval is singular. But as 8ei can take an aecus. even without an infinitive (as 5el p.€ tovtov), it is possible that viv was felt to belong so closely to del as to justify another subject for the infinitive, somewhat as in Paley's ren- 122 MEDEA. dering, "it is needful for her that she..." — irrqvov, on icings. — d p.-rj 8u<ret, if she means to escape paying ; GMT. § 49, 1, Note 3. 1300. avTTJ : " plane hie otiosum et supervacaneum vocabulum." Her- mann. Not so ; the sense is, ' does she who killed others expect to escape death herself ' ?' 1301. dXXd. — yap : not as 252, 1085, but d\\d introduces fp^ovat below; cp. 1067, 1314. 1302 llg. (o$toi) oi)s (kclkus) £8pao-ev 2p£ovo-iv Kaicais. — €KcruJa-ai : GMT. § 97, Note 1, latter part. 1304 fig. iioi : dat. incommodi of the person remotely interested, as in 283. "With 8p&<ra)cri understand clutovs. — ot 7rpoo-r|KovT€S yivti: se. KptovTi. — p,T]Tpwov, committed by their mother. — €Kirpdo-crovT€s <j>6vov = eKwp. <p6vov 5Lkt]v. 1309. iraiSts — cre0€v together. otOev is similarly placed, Suppl. 133 ; Phoen. 1213, 1588. 1310. ti X^tis; (GMT. § 25. 1, Note 6, last part), what do you mean? The future as if the speaker did not comprehend the whole calamity and expected some further account. 1311. tos ovk€t' ovto)v : on the construction GMT. § 113, Note 10 (b). — <j>povTi£e, consider solemnly, take it to heart. 1314 ilg. Addressed to the slaves within, who alone can undo the fasten- ings. Cp. Or. 1561 ; H. F. 332 ; Hipp. 808 ; I. T. 1304 (tols evhov Xtyw). — 8i7rXovv KO.KOV : the corpses and the murderess. — In t-?]v Bi Tto-wp.au there is an abrupt change of construction ; we should expect tt)v Si Kreiva- aav, fjv rlcrop-ai (povu). 1317. "While Jason is trying to force the door, Medea suddenly appears aloft in a chariot drawn by dragons (see Hypothesis), bearing the bodies of the boys. — dvapoxXevcis : so Heracles (H. F. 999) cncairTei, p.ox\euei dvperpa, not, however, on the stage. That Jason actually uses a lever is hardly to be thought ; probably the word is applied metaphorically to his efforts to lift the door oil" its hinges. But the phrase excited the ridicule of Aristophanes, Clouds 1397. 1322. £pvpa x € P°s> protection against the hand. 1323. peyia-Tov ex.0io-TT] : strengthened superlative ; cp. irXdcrrov yblurriv, Ale. 790. 1329. <}>pov<5v : participle of the imperfect ; GMT. § 16, 2. 1333. Toiv o-uiv . . . 0eoi, an avenging demon which haunted thy family the gods have hurled upon inc. This refers bark to vvv cppovQi, 1329. The sense of the whole is, 'Now I realize what 1 did not realize before ; an ancestral curse which rested on thy family has passed over upon me.' The idea of the aXacrTup, so prominent in Creek tragedy, had its roots in the popular belief. It is a demon of vengeance, which ceaselessly haunts its victims, NOTES. 123 and passes from generation to generation perpetuating crime and misery. So here the dXdcrrwp spoken of (the evil genius which actuates Medea) is the personification of an ancient curse clinging to Medea's family ; it had wreaked itself on that family in the murder of Apsyrtus, and now on Jason in the murder of his children. (The reading tw <tCiv d\. is due to Weck- lein, who, however, interprets it wrongly 'the demon that avenged thy kindred.' But dXaarup twos is, in good writers, never the demon which avenges one, but that which haunts one.) 1334. TrapeV-riov heightens the guilt. He had tied to the earla as a suppliant. Eurip. adopts the account, also followed by Sophocles in the KoAx'Ses, that Apsyrtus was murdered at home. The common story is that he accompanied Medea and Jason in their flight, and was slain on the way. 1337. dvSpl T«u8e, (hide homini) me. 1340. <ov : the plural idea, 'E\At;w5w^ ywaiK&v, is involved in the pre- ceding. ' 1342. Tvpo-T)vi8os: either Italian (the Etruscans being to Eurip. the representative people of Italy), or because she lived at the entrance to the Tuscan sea. Cp. 1359. 1344. d\\d introduces 'ippe. See on 1301. 1347. irdpa = irdpeari ; cp. 443. 1348 ilg. Observe ottrt — ov correlated. — irpoo-tnmv : see on 1069. 1351. i^iruva: the aor. refers to the present moment, the idea being, / should undertake to make a long sjiecch (which, however, I do not), whereas e^reivov would mean rather, / should now be making a long speech. GMT. § 49, 2, Note 5 ; H. 746 a, last part. Cp. v. 425. 1357. &TifAov : aTi/xibpnTov (Schol.), unavenged, a meaning which the word has Hipp. 1417, Aesch. Ag. 1279. It takes the emphasis; 'Creon was not going to banish me vjithout my having my revenge.' ctri^os gets this meaning naturally; it is, without satisfaction, deprived of one 's* due, since vengeance was a rtp.r) or natural right. 1359 ilg. o)K-qo-€v, has fixed her habitation in, so dwells in. — ws XP'<], ' comvie il faut, ' finely. 1362. Xvei (566) &X"yos, grief profits me; i. e. I can afford to grieve. 1364. v6cro>, morbid passion. 1366. (toi : in sense with vppis as well as ydp.ot. 1367. -ye belongs to Xexovs : an enclitic (or /xa>, 8e) often separates ye from its word. 1371. (ia-Cv answers ovKir elai of the previous verse. ' They live as ruthless avengers to haunt thee.' p.ido--rwp (polluter) is either (1) a guilt- stained wretch whose contact defiles others, or (2) the ghost of a murdered man haunting the murderer, and producing piaap,a, blood-guiltiness. 124 MEDEA. Here and Aesch. Eum. 177 it has the latter sense. Hence eri Kdptj, be- cause their blood is upon Medea's head. 1374. o-Tv-yti, abhor me if you will ; referring to the woid airb-KTvarov above. — p&£iv here means conversation, satiety. 1375. pd.8i.oi 5' diraXXa-yat. Medea wishes him to leave her (this is im- plied in 1:374), that she may accomplish undisturbed the burial of her chil- dren before setting out for Athens. He .says, riddance is easy, i. e. to be had on easy terms. She scornfully asks ' how ?' affecting to be anxious to comply. (Yet we fail to see how Jason's presence is any hindrance to Medea, for she is mistress of the situation, and can proceed in her dragon- car at any moment to bury the bodies. But to take diraWayai, with Paley, to mean divorce does not help tins matter.) 1379. The most famous Corinthian temple of Hera axpaia (goddess of the heights) was at the end of the Heraean promontory in the Corinthian gulf, distant from the city several miles in a straight line across the hay. Elmsley and most others have supposed that temple to he meant here. But the local tradition represented the children as buried in the city itself ; at least their monument (/xvrj)j.a) stood there, near the street leading toward Sicyon. And we know that in the same quarter, on a spur of the Aero- corinthus, there was a temple of Hera /Bovvaia. Now as [Sovvaia and aKpaia seem to be equivalent terms, it is altogether probable that this was the temple in which the rites relating to Medea were celebrated, and in the Te/xevos of which the children's graves were. This view is confirmed by the Schol. on this passage, who says that the temple here mentioned was situated on the Acrocorinthus. See E. Curtius, Peloponnesus, Vol. II. p. 533. 1380. ws p.^ tis, k. r. X. The sacredness of the place would insure this. 1382. lopT^v Kal Tt'Xr] : see Introduction, § 18. 1386. Medea here appears endowed with the prophetic gift, to which she has a right as a sorceress and the grand-daughter of a god. As to Jason's death, see the first Hypothesis. The Schol. knows another ac- count, according to which Jason had hung up the ship's gunwale in the temple of Hera, and this fell down and crushed him. See also Neophron, frag. 3, Appendix. 1389 llg. aXXa o-e (not a\\& ere), with emphasis on the pronoun. — 'Epiviis TtKvcov : the Erinys of a particular person is often spoken of as avenging his death. — cjjovia, i. e. requiting murder with minder. 1396. otiirio 0pT]vets: the sense is, 'You do not yet know what grief is. Wait till you are old.' (Paley.) He will then feel what it is to be child- less. — koA yijpas, age in addition to your present afflictions. 1400. irpoo-irrii^ao-eai (here = kiss, cp. Phoen. 1671), infin. of purpose added epexegetically. NOTES. 125 1401. irpoo-av8as : see on 1069. This verb is regularly used of farewell words spoken to the dead, — a Greek custom. — d(nrd£ei : of a parting salutation, as Tro. 1276. 1408. oirdcrov refers to the whole of the next line. ' I do at least what I can, I lament...' 1413. <J>v<ra$ : the participle contains the leading idea, as often. Would that I had never begotten them, to see them, etc. — 6<j>€\ov : augmentless also Aesch. Pers. 915. 1416 fig. These seem to have been stock verses of Euripides, for they conclude not only this play, but also the Alcestis, Andromache, Bacchae, and Helena. On this Hermann (Bacch. 1388) says: "Qui factum sit ut Euripides quinque fabulas iisdeni versibus finierit, non memiui me a quoquam interpretum indication legisse. Scilicet, ut fit in theatris, quum actorum partes ad finem deductae essent, tantus erat surgentium atque abeuntium strepitus, ut quae chorus in exitu tabulae recitare solebat, vix exaudiri possent. Eo factum, ut illis chori versibus parnm curae iuipen- deretur." Others have thought that such endings were added by the actors. Wecklein points out that 1417 llg. do not apply to the Medea. 126 MEDEA. CHIEF DEVIATIONS FROM THE BEST MANUSCRIPTS. The following list includes only cases in which the reading adopted in the text is found in no manuscript of the 1st class (see Intr. § 8). Before the colon stands the adopted reading, after it the reading of the 1st class Mss., minor variants neglected. Where the former is derived from Mss. of the 2d class it is marked 2 ; where from the scholia, S ; otherwise it stands by conjecture only. Smaller corrections are omitted. 107 dvq.^ei 2 : avajpei. — 140 rbv : 6. — 149 dxdv '■ laxdv. — 150 dwXdrov : dirXdarov. — 159 Svpopeva : bSvpop-iva. — 182 owevcraaa : aireuaai. — 228 yiyvwcTKeis : yiyvwcrKtw. — 234 tout eV : tovt' (tovS' eV 2). — 253 iroKis 6' i}5' 2 : wbXis t)5' and yap iroXis r)8'. — 259 roaovhe 8' eV : too-ovtov oV. — 261 SLktjv : SIkt}. — 262 ij r : r\v r . — 273 aavrrj : avrrj. — 317 fiovXeurjs : fiov- \tvaris. — 323 p.evels 2 : p-iv-QS. — 415 aTpex^ovai : arpefpovffi. — 445 eVa- veara : iiriary) and dvlcTT-q. — 491 cvyyvihar av 2 : avyyuutrrbv. — 494 6iufi : diapLi' . — 550 ijavxos 2 : r/<ri/x;ws. ■ — 594 /3acri\Aoj> : fiaaiXews. — 599 kv'l^oi 2 : KvLfci. — 643 Silspara : SQpa. — 647 oUrpoTarov ; oUrpoTdrcov. — 654 p.v6ov : pvduiv. — 656 wKTiaev : ujKreipe. — 703 avyyvucrr liyav dp : avy- yvc^ara yap. — 721 &v : &v p.. — 736 peOeV : p.(0rjs (p.e0eis). — 737 dvibporos : eVw/xoros. — 738 KaTrt.KripvKevp.aTa S : KaTrt.KripvKevp.ao-i. — 739 rax' av ttLOol ere : ovk av ttlOoio. — 752 ifXiov 0' dyvbv oV/fos marginal gloss : Xap-vpov 0' rfXlov (pdos. — 781 Xnrova av : Xirrovaa. — 817 Xe^rjs : Ae£ets. — 835 pods : poais. — 847 rj ttoXis t) (pi\uv : r) <pi\wv r) ttoXis. — 852 alpei : aiprj. — 854 Trdvrr] a : TTavrcs. — 855 re'Kva (povevarjs : TtKva pi) (povevo-r/s. — 857 tikvov : tckvwv. — 860 bp.p.ara 2 : bppa. — S64 x^P a <poiv'iav : x e 'P a <poviav. — 867 ovrav : ovk av. — 905 repetvav : repeivr/v. — 926 ruivSe Orjcropai wept : tu>vS' £y<b 0r)aopai irtpi, rwvSe vvv Orjaoi irkpi. — 945 to Med. S : Mss. to Jas. — 978 dvabeapdv : dvabicrpuv. — 983 irkirXov : ireTrXuv. — 984 xP vaoT€VKTOV T£ : XpvaebrevKTOv. — 992 bXeOpov /3tora & : b\edpiov fiiordv. ■ — 1005 la to Paed. : Mss. to Med. — 1012 8tj : SL — 1015 icaret : Kparch. — 1054 dupacriv S and 2 : bdipaatv. — 1077 oia wpbs : o'la re rrpbs. — 1087 wavpov S£ yevos uiav : iravpov 8i Sri (Se n 2) 761-05. — 1089 ovk : kovk. — 1099 eaopu> 2 : bpu>. — 1121 irapavbpws cipyao~p.evri 2 : Trapavbpws r eipyaa/xcvov. — 1130 eariav 2 : ol\lav. — 1139 o?ku)v S : utuv. — 1181 iKirXedpov : tKirXeOpov. — 1182 av ^Trrero : CHIEF DEVIATIONS. 127 dvOrfKrero. — 1180 XevK7}i> : XeTrrrji/. — 1205 irpocnrtTvei 2 : irpoairiirTei. — 1221 Saxpi'ioicri S and 2 : daxpvovcri. — 1252 (poivlav : cpoviav. — 1255 yap... XP- '■ yap airo XP- — 1256 cu,ua S : alp-an. — 1259 <povuvT dXaivovr 'Epivvuv vtr aXdcrropov : (povlav rdXaivdv t 'Epuw vtt' dXaffTopwv. — 12G2 p,drav apa : &pa jxaTav. — 1280 6i> : &v. — 1283 x^P a '■ X e *P a - — 1295 rolaS' (t : rolabi y . ■ — 1333 ruif <jQ>v : top <jov. — 135G ov8' — ovd' : ovd' — ovd'. — 1357 arip,ov S : avarel. — 1371 w/xol : tifxoi and oi'/xot. — 1374 arvyet : arvyei. — 1398 ^Kaves : (Ktaves. — 1109 Kaindedfa : KawiOoafa. — 1413 6(peXov : uxpeXov. METRES OE THE LYRICAL PARTS. Five kinds are used in tins play. 1. Dactylo-epitritic (or Doric) strophes are composed of the following elements {scries or cola) : (1) i-^-^. — ^--— J Dactylic tripody, with spondee in 3d place. (2) i_L — - Second epitrite (trochee and spondee). Either of these may be catalectic ; so arise : (3) _1 v ^ J. ^ « - (i) \L~~ These elements are combined in various ways, mostly two or three uniting to form a verse. Forms (1) and (2) may shorten the last syllable in caesura, even in the middle of a verse. An anacrusis may be prefixed to any verse. Sometimes, especially at the end of the strophe, other dactylic and trochaic series are employed. The movement is in common (I) time ; the trochee; being # # \ 2. Logaoedic strophes ; see Hadl. 916. They unite dactyls and trochees in the same series (colon). Pure trochaic (or iambic) series may be used with the logaoedic. They move in triple (|) time ; the dactyls being cyclic / — — > rrs y m j and the spondees irrational ( ' m -\) . 3. Dactylo-trochaic strophes consist of dactyls and trochees (or iambi) in separate series. A dactylic and a trochaic' series may, however, unite to form one verse (Hadl. 909 n. o. p.). A spondee standing for the last dactyl of a series may shorten its final syllable even in the middle of a verse. The movement is in triple time, with cyclic dactyls and irrational spondees. 4. Dactylic verse ; H. 90S. Common (f) time. 5. Dochmii ; see II. 928. Their rhythm is broken, £ alternating with 'i ; s s * s etc. In the following schemes the foot-ictus is marked with • , the first ictus of each series (colon) with ' . The sign I — denotes a triscme long syllable (J ), i i a tctrascme (•-,). METRES OF THE LYRICAL PARTS. 129 PARODOS. Proode (131-138). Dactylic, with anapaestic introduction. These four cola form one long verse or hypcrmcter. ^ L. ^ L ■- Iambic close ; sync, tetrap. hypercat. Strophe and Antistrophe (148 -_159 = 173-184). Logaoedic, with anapaestic introduction. Brachycat. tetrapodies (Glyconics) with ana- cruses. Only seemingly tripodies. Brachycat. tripody with anacr. Troch. j_ On the rcsponsion cp. II. 921 a. J_ Syncopated trochaic tetrap. 1. On the next to the last syll. see II. 916 c. 130 METRES OF THE LYRICAL PARTS. Epode (204-213). Dactylo-trochaic. _ lL I _L ^ — _ 1 Iamb. sync. Troch. dipod. w. anacr. + dact. tetrap. brachycat. ■l_ w Li- J_ Dact. tetrap. brachycat. FIRST STASIMON. 1st Strophe and Antistr. (410-420 = 421-431). Dactylo-epitritic. lL.~-L_lL~__ lL~j_ 2d Strophe and Antistr. (432-438 = 439-445). Logaoedic. L_ l _ .L w Li. _l Hexapody, sycop. before the dactyl. Brachycat. tetrap. w. anacrus. (( << tripod. " METRES OF THE LYRICAL PARTS. 131 SECOND STASIMON. 1st Strophe and Antistrophe (627-634 = 635-642). Dactylo-epitritic. -i : ._ _ u_ — _ _ u L ' = _L — LL ~ - - L„„-~~- - lL _ j. _ ±„_i„.i _ iL~ lL~jl_l!_~l^^l^~ Troch. trip, as close. 2d Strophe an d Antistrophe (643-652 - 653-662). Logaoedic. I Two cola : pentap. + tetrap. &x{uv and iradeuiy by synizesis. w IL. — ^ - — . _, J_ _ — Pentap. + tetrap. THIRD STASIMON. 1st Strophe and Antistrophe (824-834 = 835-845). Dactylo-epitritic. -■-—- — - - il „ j. LL ~ JL _ J._^ - ww ^ -Li ~ J_ _ .!_ -L w w l_U / ----- r LL. w ■ / _WW^-_ ' li ~ J. _ 1 _ JL__ L U_ w Glv ivOiuv, syniz. Glvcouic as close. 132 METRES OF THE LYRICAL PARTS. 2d Strophe and Antistrophe (846-855 = 856-865). Logaoedic. Tripodies and brachycat. tetrapodies, ending with a dipody (Adonic). FOURT.H STASIMON. 1st Strophe and Antistrophe (976-982 = 983-989). Dactylo-epitritic. Spondee for dact. in 1st place ; an unusual license. Trochaic tripody as close. 2d Strophe and Antistrophe (990-995 = 996-1001). Dactylo-trochaic. _ _L W J_ w — J. — Li. — Fact. trip. (w. anacr.) + troch. tetrap. brachycat. Fact, tetrap. double anacr. -+- dact. trip. cat. [ ca t. Iamb, hexap. syncop. and METRES OF THE LYRICAL PARTS. 133 FIFTH STASIMON. 1st Strophe and Antistrophe (1251-1260 = 1261-1270). Dochmii. — _. -l _ ^ — Bacchic tripody catal. Hadl. 929 b. iT^ ^ _L _ C^: ^Zz _ -L Two dochmii. Dochmius and iamb, dipody. Two dochmii. Dochmius. Six dochmii ; belong together as one long verse. 'Epivinov with syniz. / . i i ... 2d Strophe and Antistrophe (1271-1281 = 1282-1292). Dochmii, with iambic trimeters. Two iamb. trim. Two iamb. trim. 2 dochm. + bacchic trip- ody cat. 134 MEDEA. APPENDIX. FRAGMENTS OF NEOPHRON'S MEDEA. (See Nauck, Trag. Graec. Fragm., p. 505 fig.) 1. Kal yap riv avrbs fp^vdov Xvaiv padelv crov • Hvdiav yap lio~o~av, tjv Zxprjcre pot Qoifiov irpopavris. avpfiaXeiv uprj^avco ■ aoi 8' ft? Xoyovs poXcov y av tjXttl^ov paBeiv. €i€i>' Ti 8pao~tLs, 6vpe ; ftovXeva-at K.aXa>$ Trplv t] e^apapreiv kcu to. TrpoacpiXiarara €)(6i(TTa deadai- tvoi nor ($jj£-as, rdXas ; Karicrxf Xrjpa (cat adevos 6eoo~rvyes. kux npos ti ravra 8vpopai yj/v^f *ph v opuxx eprjpov kcu TraprjpeXrjpevrjV npos u>v expr\v rjKicrra ; paX0aKo\ 8e 8rj roiavra yiyvdpfcrda naa^ovres /ca/ca ; ov pr) npo8d)0~a.s, dvpe, cravrbv ev kokoIs- m/iot, 8e8oKrai- 7rai8es, f/croy dppdrcov dntXdeT • t'/8t] yap pe (poivia ptyav 8e8vKf XvtTo~a Ovpov. u> x e l )fi X e f ff ' npos oiov epyov etjonXi^opeada ■ <ptv, raXatva roXpr/s, rj noXvv ttoi'ov /3/Kr^ei 8ia(j)6(povira rov tpov fp^opai %povcp. (fyBtpel reXos yap avros aicr^urrw popca (ipo\urbv dyxdfTjv enianatras 8fprp APPENDIX. 135 rota ere potpa arcov kcikcop epya>v pevti, 8i'c>a£ir aXXois pvpiois i($>rjp.(pois Qt&sv vnepde prjnoT aipeadai fiporovs. II. FRAGMENTS OF ENNIUS' MEDEA. (Ribbeck, Trag. Lat. Reliq., p. 36 flg.) 1. (Eurip. v. 1.) UtinSm ne in nemore Pelio securibus caesa eecidisset abiegna ad terrain trabes, neve fade navis mcohandae exordium coepfsset, quae nunc nominatur nomine Argo, qua vecti Arg-ivi delecti viri petebant illam pellem inauratam arietis Colchis, imperio regis Peliae, per dolum. Nam numquam era errans mea domo ecferret pedem Medea, animo aegra, amore saevo saucia. it. (v. 49.) Antiqua erilis fida custos corporis, quid sic te extra aedis exanimata eliminas? 3. (v. 57.) Cupido cepit mfseram nunc me, proloqui caelo atque terrae Medeai miserias. 4. (v. 131.) .... fluctus verborum aures aucupant. 5. (v. 214.) Quae Corinthum arcem altam habetis, matronae opulentae, optumates — Multi suam rem bene gessere et publicam patria procul, multi qui domi aetatem agerent, propterea sunt improbati. 136 MEDEA. 6. (v. 250.) .... nam ter sub armis inalim vitam cernere, quam semel modo parere. 7. (v. 352.) Si te secundo lumine hie offendero, moriere. 8. (t. 365.) Nequaquam istuc istac ibit : magna inest certatio. nilm ut ego illis siipplicarem tilnta blandiloquentia — ? 9. (v. 371.) Ille transversa mente mi hodie tradidit repagula, quibus ego iram omnem recludam atque flli perniciem dabo, mini maerores, illi luctum, exftium illi, exilium mihi. 10. (r. 502.) Quo nunc me vortam ? quod iter incipiam ingredi ? domum paternamne anne ad Peliae filias? 11. (v. 530.) Tu me amoris magis quam honoris servavisti grdtia. 12. (v. 764.) Sol, qui candentem in caelo sublimes facem. 13. (v. 1069.) salvete optima corpora, cette manus vestras measque accipite .... 14. (v. 1251.) Juppiter tuque ddeo summe Sol, qui omnis res fnspicis, quique lumine tuo maria terram caelum contines, mspice hoc facinus priusquam ffat : prohibessis scelus. 15. (See Introd. § 13.) Qui ipse sibi sapiens prodesse non quit, nequiquam sapit 16. [Medea, utinam ne umquam Colchis cupido corde pedem extulisses.] APPENDIX. 137 In all probability the two following fragments belong here too : — Inc. inc. fab. 94 (Eur. v. 476.) Ndn commemoro quod draconis saevi sopivi fmpetum, nun quod domui vim taurorum et segetis armatae manus. Enn. inc. nom. 25 (Eur. v. 714.) Ut tibi Titanis Trivia dederit stirnem liberum. LATIN TEXT-BOOKS. INTROD. 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