r i m <'" -'V k: r AT S ANGELES WLENTHAL KSQ'5 ' '//fs/ /r'/ r >////(>. //<>//.)( f>/ ff>////j/f>//.j / / / v 1554, ' < 1,011. Inn /"//>?/'/ ./// / VINDICATION OF THE CHARACTER AND CONDUCT OF SIR WILLIAM WALLER, KNIGHT; COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE PARLIAMENT FORCES IN THE WEST! Explanatory of his Conduct in taking up Arms againft KING CHARLES THE FIRST. (WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.) And now Firft Publi/bed from the Original Manufcript. W I T H A X INTRODUCTION BY THE EDITOR. Embellilhed with Portraits of Sir WILLIAM WALLER, AND OF J. LENTHALL, ESQ.. Speaker of CROMWELL'S Parliament. LONDON: PRINTED FOR J. DEBRETT, OPPOSITE BURLINGTON- HOUSE, PICCADILLY. MDCCXCIII. V INTRODUCTION. William Waller, as well the author as the fubjectofthe following Vindication, was defcended from the ancient family of the Wallers of Speldhurft in the county of Kent, being the fon of Sir Thomas Waller, Conftable of Dover Caftle, and Margaret daughter of Lord and Lady Dacre, and re- ceived his firfl education at Magdalen and Hart Halls in the Univerfity of Oxford, which he afterwards compleated at Paris. He began his military career in the fer- vice of the confederate princes againfl the b ii INTRODUCTION. Emperor, in which he acquired the reputa- tion of a good foldier, and upon his return home was knighted. He was thrice married, firft to Jane daughter and heirefs of Sir Richard Reynell of Ford in Devonshire, by whom he had one daughter Margaret, married to Sir William Courtenay of Powderham Cattle, anceftor of the prefent Lord Vifcount Courtenay; fecondly to the Lady Anne Finch daughter of the firft Earl of Win- chelfea, by whom he had one fon William, who was afterwards an active magiftrate for the county of Middlefex, and a ftrenuous oppofer of all the rneafures of King Charles the Second's government $ and one daughter Anne, married to Sir Philip Harcourt, only fon of Sir William's third wife Anne, daughter of William Lord Paget,by her firft hufband Sir Simon Harcourt, from which marriage the prefent Earl of Harcourt is defcended. Sir William was elected a member of the INTRODUCTION. Ill the Long Parliament for Andover, and having fuffe red under the feverity of the Star-chamber on the occafion of a private quarrel with one of his wife's relations, and imbibed in the courfe of his foreign fervice early and warm prejudices in favour of the Prefbyterian difcipline, he became (as many good men then were"! a decided opponent of the court; and having diftin- guifhed himfelf by his firft military ex- ploits after the war commenced, was confidered as a man prepared to go all lengths that the moil furious reformers could propofe, and on that account extolled by many as a general to be fet in oppofition to the Earl of EfTex. While he was yet employed under the Earl of EiTex, he was deputed to the com- mand of the important expedition againft Portfmouth, when Colonel Goring re- turning to his duty declared he was refolved to hold that garrifon for his Majeily. In this exploit he conducted himfelf frith an b 2 Ability ir INTRODUCTION. ability and diligence that would have done honour to any caufe, and having reduced the garrifon in a morter time and upon better terms than could poffibly have been expected, his fuccefs procured* him the conduct of feveral other expeditions, in all of which, by the great celerity with which he performed his marches, and by his uni- form fuccefs, he acquired the brilliant title of William the Conqueror, In the purfuit of the war the character of Sir William Waller never deviated from that gallant courtefy which diftinguifhed the gentlemen of that age, and has ever been the charactefiftick of an Englifh officer. A letter from him to Sir Ralph Hop ton, afterwards Lord Hop ton, before the battle of Lanfdown, has been preferved, and deferves to be recorded in thi$ publi- cation. 3- The detail of Sir William Waller's military conduct belongs to the general hifto/y of that interesting period. After many INTRODUCTION. V" many fignal advantages he fuftained fome defeats by the King's forces, particularly at Roundway Down near the Devizes, and at Cropready-bridge in Oxfordmire. The blame on each occafion was thrown by him on the jealoufy of other officers, and neither the fpirit nor the judgment of his own operations were ever quefticned. The independents, who were becoming the flrongeft party in the army and in the Par- liament, had wifhed to make him their general, on terms which from conference or military honour he could not comply with. By the famous felf-denying ordi- nance he was laid afide as a commander, but ilill preferved fo great an influence and reputation in the army, as made him very formidable to the rifing party. He was confidered as a leader of the Prefby- terians againfl the defigns of the independ- ents. The flruggle between thefe two parties after the king had fallen into their power is defcribed more particularly in, b 3 the VI INTRODUCTION. the work now publi&ed, than in any other memorial of that time ; and on that account alone, it forms a valuable addition to the collection of pieces relative to the Hiftory of England at that interefting period. He became particularly obnoxious to the leaders of that army which he had in vain attempted to bring into a fubmiffion to the orders of the Parliament, which had raifed a force for its own deftrudtion, and was one of the eleven members im- peached by that army of high treafon. Upon this he was forced to withdraw for fome time, but that florm at length fub- fiding he returned to his feat in the Houfe of Commons, till he was with fifty others expelled by the army, and was afterwards committed to different prifons on fufpicion of being, with many other Prefbyterians, attached to his lawful ibvereign, and re- penting him of his betrayed allegiance. He was, indeed, at length fenlible of the mifery which he had contributed to bring on INTRODUCTION, VU on his country; he was convinced by fatal experience, that anarchy was a bad ftep towards a perfect Government that the fubverfion of every eftablimment was no fafe foundation for a permanent and regular Conftitution j he found that pretences of reform were held up by the defigning to dazzle the eyes of the unwary, and lead them on to engage in meafures without knowing either what thofe meafures were, or by what means they were to be com- pafled- he found, in fhort, that reforma- tion, by popular infurrection, muft end in the deftruction, and cannot tend to the formation of a regular Government. He had, at laft, the happinefs of living to fee the monarchy again reftored, and the Conftitution fettled upon its ancient and true principles ; but before that event happened, he had, at his leifure, compofed the following Vindication of his conduft during thofe unhappy times ; which Vin- dication hath hitherto been but little b 4 known, vili INTRODUCTION. known, and is now publimed from the manufcript in the pofTe/lion of one of the noble families defcended from him. The reflection upon thofe fcencs in .which Sir William Waller had himfelf performed fo confiderable a part, will (it is prefumed) be found not inapplicable in many parts, to the circumflances of the prefent day. It muft, however, be constantly kept in mind, at what period the work was written ; and thofe things which are fuitable only to that period muft not be objected againfi as irrelevant to the prefent. When faction hath once overflepped the .boundaries of allegiance, the fame argu- ments which might in the firft inflance have flopped its career, will not be furficient to induce it to return. Every argument, therefore, which ingenuity can devife, may and ought to be ufed upon fuch an occafion. Logick may be affifted by fophiflry, and fplendid fallacies may be in to the fupport of plain truth. Points INTRODUCTION. IK Points upon which the mind has been already milled, mull be thofe upon which ftrefs mult be laid to bring the fame mind back into the right way; when the object cf perfuafion is juft, no arguments by which any one may be convinced, ought to be neglected ; and when reference is had to the fame work upon a fecond occafion, it is not to be expected that thofe grounds, which originally might have operated mofl ilrongly to perfuafion, are to be held in the fame eftimation upon the fecond pro- duction. The hiftory of monarchical authority, therefore, as deduced from divine origin, upon which Sir William Waller lays fo much flrefs, might have had great efFed at a time when enthufiafm and hypocrify were prevalent upon every occafion. In thefe days, however, fuch topicks of argu- ment would in all probability have but little weight with the|multitude ; and as to thofe who are capable of underftanding the juft principles of civil authority, they know that X INtRODUCTlON. that it i$ a certain truth, that the power which is not of GOD, cannot ftand long, that Government itfelf is of divine inftitution, according to the principles of focial order implanted in the mind of man by the Almighty Creator and Preferver of Man- kind j and that although no peculiar modi-* fication of Government is of pofitive divine inftitution, yet, that which hath long prevailed in any country, cannot be overturned without the danger of deflroy- ing all thofe relations and intereftSj which Government is formed to protect and fecure* This part of the work, therefore, might perhaps have been omitted in the publica- tion without any inconvenience, and would probably have been but little regretted ; but it was thought improper to mutilate or alter the work in any refpect, but that it ought to be given to the publick exactly as the author himfelf left it, with all its merits and imperfections. The INTRODUCTION. XI The general reflections which the thinking reader ought to draw from this Vindication, are fuch only as every man muft fuggell: to himfelf, who knows the event of thofe unhappy times, and the meafures which have but too fuccefsfully been purfued in another country, and are now attempted to be practifed in this. Of thole men who are engaged in the prefent attempts to excite fedition, the leaders poiTeiTed of talents adequate to their defigns, and of reputation great enough to impofe upon the unwary by the femblance of publick virtue, may reflect (if men who facrifice character and honour to the ambition of being leaders in fuch a bufinefs can reflect), that thofe who firfl fcatter the feeds of fedition are unequal to the gathering in of the harveft ; that the multitude is an engine eafily to be fet in motion, but when checked, that it recoils with an encreafed force upon its mover that it is eafy to break down the mounds of Xii INTRODUCTION of the ocean, and to fay, " Thus far mall thou go, and no further," but that to flop the tide is given to no prefumptuous man ,- Omnipotence hath referved to itfelf alone the power to compofe the ftorm and make the waves fubfide. The deluded followers may perceive, that thofe who pretend to take the part of the people, wifh only to be themfelves the tyrants that GOD has fixed the ftation of men in different degrees, that to attempt to correct the nature of mankind is to war with providence. And both leaders and followers may together reflect, that upon fpeculative and vifionary reformers, the feverefl punifhment which GOD in his vengeance ever yet inflicted, was to curfe them with the compleat gratification of their own inordinate defires. Copy of a Letter from Sir WILLIAM WALLER to Sir RALPH HOPTON, afterwards Lord HOP TON, 1643. SIR* THE experience which I have had of your worth, and the happineffe which I have enjoyed in your friendjhip, are wounding confederations to me, when I look upon this prefent dijlance between us : certainly, Sir, my affections to you are fo unchangeable, that hojlilitie itf elf cannot violate my friendjhip to your perfon ; but I mufe be true to the caufe wherein Jferve. The old limitation of ufque adaras holdeth feill : and where my conscience is inter ejled, all other obligations are fw allowed up. I jhould wait on you according to your defer e, but that I look on you as ingaged in that par tie beyond the pojjibilitie of retreat , and confequentlie incapable of being wrought upon by anti-pcrfuafton , and I know the con- ference could never be fo clofe betwixt us, but that it would take wind and receive a confer ucJ ion to my dijhonour. That Great God, ( 14 ) God, who is the fear cher of all hearts knows, 'what a fad fear I go upon this fervice, and with 'what a perfect hate I detejl a 'war without an enemie, but I look upon it as opus Domini, which is anough to filence allpajjhn in me. he God of Peace fend us, in his good time, the blejfing of peace, and in the mean time, fit us to receive it. We are both on the ft age andmujl aft thofe parts that are affigned to us in this tragedy, but let us do it in the way of honour, and without perfonal animojitie ; whatfoetier the iffue of it be, I jhall never rejigne that dear title, of Your moft Affectionate Friend and faithful Servant, WILLIAM WALLER. ERRATA. Page $. line 6, for faftor read fa&orura. 9. //* i7./orcecidetr^//cecidit. 29. //'H* 1 3./Tcr. 249. line 6. for afx[&aut*ntl<> read eif 256, line ig-f'r x^ponei* ^S^I|TI rtadjytunw J DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER. Place the Head of Sir WILLIAM WALLER to face the Title page. The Head of Mr. L,ENTHALL,to face page 191. .} WALLER'S VINDICATION, &c. &c. &c. I T is true, in common experience, and in the obfervation of all former ages, that in- nocency could never yet walk alone with- out a protection, but it became a prey, ex- pofed to falfe arrefts, vexations, and fcan- dals. Not to fpeak of our Saviour himfelf, i u ke vii. 34. , , c r i r i i- i r John, vii. 12. traduced for a friend of publicans and nn- and xix. 12. ners, a feducer of the people, an enemy to Casfar : if we look back to antiquity, we may trace the beft of men from time to time, even from the Patriarchs to the Apoftles, and fo downward, and mark the way they have gone, by good report, and bad report; fome perfecuted with bitter B mockings, WALLER'S VINDICATION. Gen. xxi. g. mocklngs, others derided as fools, im- Gal. ir. 29. 2Sam.vi.zo. peached as feditious perfons, confpirators, i Kings, xviii. 7 . revolters, rebels ; accounted and vilified, as jerem. the filth of the world, the offfcourinsr of all xxxvii. 13. Nehem.vi.6. things. What fhall I fay of the primitive iCor.iv. 13. Chriftians, charged with idolatry, impiety, obfcenity ! infomuch that Quadratus, Arif- tides, Juftine Martyr, Apollinaris, Tertul- lian, and others, had work enough to apo- iCor.x. ii. logife for them. Thefe things are writ- ten for our example and admonition, who live, infcece Romuli, in the lees and dregs of time, upon whom the ends of the world Rom. xr.4. are come, that we through patience might have hope. And though the confideration of parallels in calamity may feem to be but a kind of ill-natured comfort; yet I fup- pofe it may be juftifiable in this found conclufior. - y that if thofe holy men of old have been, by a divine permiffion, expofed to fuch malicious profecutions, notwith- ftanding their integrity and innocency, I have the lefs occafion to be dcje&ed with the 6 WALLER'S VINDICATION. '3 the fenfe of my fufferings, fince no new thing is happened unto me j or to think much, after thefe examples, to be made myfelf an example. But ChrifHanity doth not make a man a flock, impaffible, infenfible : I cannot but feel that prefTure that lies Upon me ; and if I groan under it, I do no more than many of thofe bleffed men did, in the like condition, who had better moulders than I. It is true, in fome cafes, it may be interpreted a weaknefs and folly to com- plain, as when the cafe is flight or irre- mediable; and if there were no more in this bufinefs than a mere popular ground- lefs clamour, I mould with a quiet fcorn have palled it by, and reckoned my filence, not only as a part of fpeech, as Apollonius *J}iloftrat. in did, but as the fitteft and beft language lon.lib.yiii. that I could ufe; as aliquid eloquently, as Cicero phrafeth it, to his friend Atticus. Cicero ad Attic. Or if again there were fo much in it, as would carry the weight of an unanfwer- B 2 able WALLER'S VINDICATION. able charge, I mould have had fo much difcretion as to lay my hand upon my mouth; and according to Syracides his ad- vice, be as one that knoweth, and yet holdeth his tongue. But when my name and reputation are under an injurious quef- tion, profecuted by a malice maiked with the juflice of a Parliament, and backed with the power of an army, it were not only a ftupidity in me, not to be fenfible of it, but my filence might rationally be thought to fpeak my guiltinefs. I con- Hift.Tripart. fefs, I had need be perfect in Pambo's 1. viii. c. i. leiTon, Dixi cujlodiam, to avoid offence; but mine eye and my reputation are two fuch tender things, as being touched, Na- ture bids me defend the one, Honour the other. In doing this, I mall deliver no- thing but truth for my Vindication, and that as inoffenfively as I can, with that Tacit. Hift. temper that Otho recommended to his ne- l.ii. phew Salvius Cocceianus, neither remem- bring too much, nor forgetting altogether. It WALLER'S VINDICATION. J It is a great difadvantage to me, that I know not what to plead in my own de- fence, becaus I cannot come to know, in any certain way, what is in allegation againft me. Adeo fattor innocens fum, I may fay, with Cremutius Cordus; and Tacit. Annal. l. iv. more, I am fo clear from any matter of fact, that there is not fo much at prefent, as any criminal word laid to my charge, as not fo much as a dream, as was of old objected againfl a Gentleman of Rome in Claudius Sueton. in Claud. his time (what any man hath dreamt to my prejudice, as it was in the cafe of Si- Dio. l. lv. lanus, that I cannot yet underfland). Only this I hear, as the voice of many waters, and as the noife of mighty thundrings, a confufed loud report (but owned by none), That from the time I quitted my employ- ment in the field, I took leave of my firft principles, and deferted the Godly party, fiding with thofe who had the peftilent tokens of malignancy upon them. That I have carried myfelf as an enemy to the B 3 Army, WALLER'S VINDICATION. Army, Parliament, and Kingdom, by en- deavouring to berak the Army, to force the Parliament, and to kindle a new flame of warr in the Kingcjome. That upon the failing of thefe defigns, I withdrew beyond fea, tranfporting great fumms of mony, which I had gotten in the warr; and that during my abode in Holland, I took a commiffion from the Prince of Wales, and was interested in the revolt of the fhipps, and in the drawing the Scottim army into England, Thefe are the arrows, even the bitter words, that are fhott againft me; fo farr as I have been able to learn news of myfelf. But I thank God they are headlefs ones, and I mall not fear their impreflion. In the firil place, to clear myfejf from the imputation of apoftacy, I muft crave leave to ftgnify what thofe grounds and principles were upon which I was origi- nally drawn to engage in the fervice of the Parliament ; that fo others meafuring them WALLER'S VINDICATION. 7 them with my prefent actings, and com- 2 Cor. x . 12. paring me with myfelf (me cum meipfo) which they may better do then I, it may appear whether or no (according to that expreffion of the fon of Sirach), I have Eccluf. 11. gone two ways. My principles (I may fpeak it freely and truly) were grounded upon the publique intereft, and had no other ends than what are laid down in the declarations of Parliament, and the national league and covenant ; that religion might be reformed and mainteined; the perfon, dignity, and honour of the King preferved, and the peace and fafety of the kingdom fettled : and according to thefe points (I may fay without vanity) I conflantly fleered my courfe, both in field and Par- liament, without allowing myfelf the leaft variation. The warr I abhorred, though I acted in it, as upon the defenlive (which I thought juftifiable), but it was ever with a wim, that the fword (as it was fabled of Hercules his) might be dipt in oyl, rather B 4 than WALLER'S VINDICATION, then in blood ; that the difference might end, rather in a peace than a conquefl; that (as it fell out in the decifion between vr. Zenocles and Euripides} the one party Hift.J.ii. c. 8, might not have the wprfe, nor the other the better 5 but fuch an accommodation > might take effect as might be with faving of honour to King and Parliament, whereby Martial. both might have the beft. Vittor uterq. And from this confederation it was, not from any bafe or treacherous compliance, (as fqme have been pleafed to fuggeft) that fp long as I held any employment in the armies, I conftantly endeavoured to exprefs all the civilities I cpuld to thofe of the ad- verfe party, {hat fa our differences might be kept in a reconcileable condition -, and we might ftill look upon one another, ac- Ariftot.Rhet. cording to 4-riftotle's rule, as enemies that might live to be friends. The fame in- clination Ied4 me even in the time of my, engagement, and upon all occafions after- ward, to the laft minute of my fervice ir\ the WALLER'S VINDICATION. 9 the Houfe of Commons, to vote for pro- pofitions, and to endeavour a fair clofure with his Majefty; but fr\\\faha integritate, and without the leaffc forfeiture of my prin- ciples ; fo that I may fay, Et hec volui, et ^^ En ' etiam inftitutumfervare. It is true, in the fubdivilion of the Par- liament I maypoffibly be reprefented as not fo conflant and firm in my ftation, having at firft lided with that party, which is now declared independential, and fince, with the other known by the name of Prefbyterian, which may have given oc- caiion to that fecond afperfion caft upon me, that I quitted the Godly party, or at Jeaft feemed fo to do, like a falling ftarr, Qua fi non cecldet, potuit ceddiJTe vidert. Ovid. Meta. morph. 1. ii. But I hope I mail make it appear to all indifferent and impartial judgments, that when I was thus minded I ufed no light- 2 Cor. i. 17. nefs ; it was not etiam, etiam, Gf non, non. This change was not in me, but in others ; or IO -WALLER' VINDICATION. or if in me, yet occafioned by the altera-* tion and change of others -, tanquam ac- cidens per aliud, or (as I may fay) accidens per accidens. I defire not to be an accufer of thofe whom I have formerly looked upon as my brethren : moft confident I am there be many faints among them, truly fo called ; and it is a mifery to think, and may be a lamentation to confider, that there mould be faints on two fides, and thofe fo divided that, like parallel lines, (though both right and ftraight) they can- not be brought to meet and concenter to- gether. But yet I am of opinion, that all are not of the godly party that wear that badge, and cognizance ; all are not burn- ing that are mining lights among them. There is putredo lucent-, rotten wood may mine. I am forry to fee how fmall a piece of religion will ferve to make a cloak j and afhamed to think how fom have worn it to coufin others. At WALLER'S VINDICATION. ll At the nrft, in the beginning of thefe fatal troubles, before they quartered any diftindtion, they were not vifible, but went in the crowd among thofe honefl men that flood for the interefl of religion and liberty; only they were remarqued for their extraordinary diligence and ac- tivity to advance and promote the fervice, which knitt my heart to them. But iincc that, I am well affured, many of them have not walked uprightly, according to the truth and limplicity of the Gofpel; but rather like boutefeux, and incendiaries, putting the whole flate into combuflion and confufion ; and this alienated me from them, and I mall not be carefull to anfwer them in this matter. I think it may be enough for me to fay, that I ufed them as Mofes did his rod; fo long as they were of aid and fupport to the Publique I inclined to them, and refted in fom meafure upon them ; but when 1 faw they had tragedies iu their hearts (as Dionyfius painted Arif- tarchus) 12 WALLER'S VINDICATION. tarchus) and that they deviated from what they had publiquely profefled before GOD and the world, into impious, difloyal, an-* timonarchical ends \ when I faw them turn ferpent, I thought it time for me to fly from them. Neither was I the only per- fon that parted with them at this turning^ for I could name very many, and thofe of eminent reputation for piety and integrity, Members for both the Houfes, who, with an abhorrency and perfect deteftation of their actings, did at the fame time bid them farewell, as well as I. So that I am , induced by hope (the common flatterer) to perfuade myfelf, that all difpaffionate and difmterefted perfons will free me from that imputation of levity, which fome would flick upon me, as if I were but de- fultor (as they called Deillius) a fkip jack from one fide to another, without any ma- ture confideration ; when they be pleafed to fee that I hold the fame foundation I did at firil j and that I changed my com-* pany WALLER'S VINDICATION. 13 pany, but not my mind ; that indeed thofe people left me, and not I them. But it is objected, as a point of folly and weaknefs in me, that in this change I quitted my friends to joyn with thofe whom I knew to be my mortal enemies. To this I muft anfwer, as I faid before, that I did not quitt them, nor defert my friends, but kept on in the fame conftant road, fweetning counfail with them, in order to the efiablifhment of peace and truth : but they left me, and took into that wildernefs of their own inventions, wherein they have loft both themfelves and us, when we had but a fhort ilep to make unto, and were indeed upon the border of a promifed happy reformation. I confefs, after that defeat which I received at the Devizes, upon my return to London, I found (con- trary to my expectation) a multitude of friends (fo called) populum amicorum y in Sen. de Be- ' ^ ucf.Li.c.33. the Independent party that appeared for me. In that heat (as the fun is ever hot- teft i^ WALLER'S VINDICATION. teft after a cloud) I had an offer from them of a very confiderable army to be raifed, and putt under my command, with a conftant maintenance for it, if I would engage myfelf to entertein none but godly officers, fuch as mould be recommended to me. Unto which I replied, that I de- fired nothing more than to have fuch offi- cers about me, as might be remarkable for Deuteron. that fpott, as Mofes calleth it; but I xxxii. 5. wimed them to conlider, that there went more to the making up of an officer than lingle honefty. (Alia ratio boni ct'vis, f Arift. Ethic, fan} v j r j as Ariftotle faid in another cafe). I. V. C, 2. A good man might make a good fouldier, but there muft go the good man and the good foldier to the compofition of a good officer. I befought them likewife to weigh my condition, how I ftood anfwerable with my life and honour, for any mifcarriage that fhould fall out in the fervice, and that it would be a poor plea for me to fay, it was the officer's fault, when it might be juftly WALLER'S VINDICATION. juftly retorted upon me as my fault that I took fuch officers. This I allured them; that where I could find perfons qualify'd with piety and ability (fuch faithfull cen- turions as knew how to command, and when to fay, go, come, do this) I would pFeferr them before all others. But in the want of thofe I looked to be excufed, if, for the advantage of the fervice,j I made bold to employ fuch as fhould appear to be able fouldiers, although they were not otherwife fb refined men as I could wifh. And to the end that there might be a fair choice, and to obviate all exceptions (the Parlia- ment having voted a confiderable body to be raifed for me), I appointed a council of warr, whereof Sir Arthur Hefilrigg was prefident, to examine the merits of every man that fhould iland to bear any officA in that army, with power to crofs all fuch *>ut of the lift as fhould be judged unfitt or unworthy to be employed. But this did not fatisfy ; and I then found they had it WALLER'S VINDICATION. it in their defigne to modell and form an army, that mould be all of their owne party, and devoted to their own ends. Upon this we differed. I trufted not them, nor they me, and fo we agreed. From that time forward I may date the expiration of their friendfhip. It is true that long after (and fo long in- deed as I held my command) I was kept up by them: but I could plainly perceive it was but in the nature of a ilale, in op- polition to that noble Lord the Earl of Effex, whom they feared, and therefore hated implacably : and they were willing enough to foment thofe differences be- tween his Lordmip and me (to the preju- dice of the public fervice), that they might make their ends upon us both, and gain the better pretence to bring on their new modell. I In what condition I was main- teined, may be demonftrated by the trea- furer, Mr. John Trenchard his accompts, where it will appear, that from the time of WALLER'S VINDICATION. 17 of my fetting forth unto my difbanding, I never received full one hundred thoufand pounds (an inconfiderable fumme, compared with what others had); and yet out of that flock, I was fain to play the good hufband, and to be at the charge to pay for part of my arms and ammunition. Be- fides this, they would be fure I mould never have an entire body of my own j but fo compounded of city and country regi- ments, that when they pleafed they might take me in pieces, like a clock : and this was the true reafon why I could never im- prove any facceffes; becaufe thefe adven- titious, borrowed forces, having no depend- ence upon me, but upon thofe that fent them, would not follow me further then pleafed themfelves, but would be ready to march home when they mould have purfued their point, as if they had don enough when they had don any thing. Yet fuch were the charities which 1 mett with in the world, that it was made my C fault, j8 WALLER'S VINDICATION. 2 Kings, xiii. fault, that like Joafh, I gave over mooting 19. fooner than I mould have don ; when, in truth, I had no more arrows left to (hoot. From time to time I was putt upon all dif- ad vantages, that might leiTen me in my re- putation, and expofe me to ruine. Wit- nefs, among other particulars, the hope- lefs employment into the Weft, as it was rightly ftiled by John Lillburn in one of " his pamphlets ; when I was commanded to march without delay to the relief of Taunton, with a body of horfe, and a few dragoons, and a vote for three thoufand foot (of which I never received the bene- fit of one man) : and this againft a com- plete formed army, far exceeding my ftrength, in a deep enclofed country; where it was known, that every field was as good as a fortification, and every lane as difput* able as a pafs. So that, in efFedl, I was in no better condition than thofe gladiators of old among the Romans, preferved awhile, to perim in the end, and kept only to WALLER'S VINDICATION* 19 to be loft. This was the friendmip I parted with. But admitting thefe people had been my friends never fo much j the old rule, ufque ad aras, is in force ftill ; and I think I mould never have been able to anfwer, either to God, or the world, or mine own confcience, if I had fuffered my- felf to be fwayed by any private obligation, further then was coniiftent with the pub- lick intereft. Plato and Socrates, this man and that man, may have been my very good friends ; fed magis arnica veritas. But I joined with my enemies. Afuo danno, as the Italian faid, when one told him that his hors cutt - y at his peril that Tob. xix. 4. did it : mine error remaineth with myfelf. For that matter, I think it may pafs for an evident demonstration, that therein I went according to my confcience; when I en- gaged in a party, where I could neither meet with affection to blind my judgment, nor expect obligation to captivate my af- fection. If there were any among them C 2 that 20 WALLER'S VINDICATION* that were fowered with the leaven of ma- licioufnefs againft me, and they be yet within the reach and compafs of my prayers, the good LORD forgive them : I do, as I humbly defire to be forgiven. This I can fay for myfelf, that in my travel thorough thefe intrigues, I have defired, and (according to my weaknefs) endeavour- ed to keep in ane even way, without wheel- ing to friend, or from foe. I have neither hated any man's perfon becaufe of his in- tereft, nor affected any man's interefl be- caufe of his perfon : but according to the beft of my poor understanding, I have con- flantly fided with thofe, be they who they would, quamvis ignis, quamvis aqua, what- ever were their temper towards me, whom I found adhering to the principles of the covenant, and willing to keep in that road with me. But it is further alledged, that I have endeavoured to break the Army, to vio- late the Parliament, and to embroil the kingdom WALLER'S VINDICATION. kingdom in a new warr. Truly if I were guilty of that above mentioned backfliding from goodnefs, and good men, I mould not wonder at all to find myfelf engaged in thefe, or in any other treafonable prac- tices j for apoftacy is a bottomlefs gul whereinto being fain, it were no lefs then a miracle if I mould not fall infinitly. In fuch a condition, Res ejl ftulta nequitice Sen. Fragm. modus. But I hope I have already faid enough to clear my integrity, as to that particular, and to mew I have not loft my firft love ; but that the metamorphofis is in them that would impute this change unto me. True charity is believing, and iCor.xiii.7, to that I appeal. For thofe other impu- tations, wherein malice and folly concur in the fame language againft me (as fnakes 4 and geefe hifs alike), they are but fo much noife; cifterna fonitus, as David phrafeth PfaLxl. 2. it ; and I doubt not, by the help of God, but to prove that there is nothing but no- things in this all, that is, or can be objected; C 3 or, 22 WALLER'S VINDICATION. or, at the uttermoft, no more than will amount to that, which Vitellius was fo Tacit. HUV willing to pardon in Suetonius Paulinus, and Licinius Proculus, the crime of fide-, lity. Though I fcorn to court, yet I love not to defpife Fame >, I would not be mifre- prefented to the army. GOD knows I have never been wanting to pay it all juft refpecl:. I acknowledge the great fer vices don by it. I have a&ed, I have voted for it. The ordinance of indemnity, the votes in favour of apprentices $ for provifion of maimed foldiers, widows, and orphans; for exemption from prefs, had every one of them my concurrence ; and for the pay- ment of arrears, I may fay I was for it to the uttermoft farthing. I may not fay who were againft it: but thofe who feemed to be pillars, or fomewhat (whatfoever they were, it maketh no matter to me) contri- buted nothing, nay, gave their flatt negative Jo it. And, truly, herein I did but dif- charge WALLER'S VINDICATION. 23 charge my confcience : for I was ever of opinion that a fculdier's pay is the juftefl debt in the world. For if it be a crying D eut . xx i v . iinne to keep back the wages of an hire- l> ' ling, that doth but fweat for us : it mufl needs be a roaring altitonant finne, to detein pay of the fouldier that bleeds for us. There is a cry of blood in it, and GOD will make inquifition for it. Yet for all this I cannot put off the beggar's jewel, Plain-dealing. All that hath been well don cannot juftify, or dif- annull, what hath been ill don. If a man preferve my houfe from being broken up, and afterwards fet it on fire, mall the re- membrance of that obligation difcharge this offence? I trow not. GOD hath faid it, " The righteoufnefs of the righteous Ezek.xxxiH. 12, 13. " mall not be remembered in the day of " his tranfgreffion." I cannot look upon the army with fuch an implicit faith, as Walter Mapes looked upon the Church of Rome, under the notion of a ftafF C 4 plunged 24 WALLER'S VINDICATION.' plunged under water, which unto the eye may feem diftorted and broken, but is en- tire, right, and flraight: fo as to conclude with abfit credere qu Ccdren Hift. fed ammo invitOy&s Cedren expreifeth it out of Homer j certain it is> that all was quiet among us, untill their drumms began to rattle ; WALLER'S VINDICATION. 35 rattle ; the winds were laid, the earthquake fettled, the flames amortized and extin- guifhed, which accompany'd our former troubles ; and there appeared no caufe, but that we might hope that GOD was coming *, to us in the ftill and foft voice of Peace. The neceflity alledged by them may feem, in the operation thereof, to have feme- . thing of the virtue of the philofopher's flone, which is faid to have contrary ef- fects: for in June and July 1647, it wrought a treaty with the late King, ac- companied with a remonftrance, that there could be no firm or lafting peace without a due confideration of, and provifion for his Royal family and party : they arc their own words. And in November 1648, it raifed thofe humours that vented them- felves againft all accommodation with his Majefty, and broke out into violent effects againft the Parliament, upon no other ac- count but becaufe the Houfes had enter- ' tained a perfonal treaty with him. So D 2 that 36 WALLER'S VINDICATION. that fupcr tot am mater lam t they make themfelves judges of this neceffity, and retein a kind of epifcopal j urifd i6tion over it, potejlatem ligandi, & Jbfoendi, to make it fail or loofe, according to their own good will and pleafure. Did not the late King make ufe of thefe very arguments in the cafe of fhipmony ? That he would not feek to levy it but when he mould be neceffitated by fom imminent danger, and then with no other intention but for the public defence ? And yet the Parliament decried it, as intro- ductory to an arbitrary government -, and, as fo, declared again il it. But that is too good a parallel cafe : worfe a great deal may ferve the turn, and it may befitt thefe people better. May not a felon at the bar plead as much, and with as much reafon fay, his neceflity compelled him to take a purfe, and he intended only to relieve his wants ? I need not put the queftion, whether the jury would acquit him upon it, WALLER'S VINDICATION. 37 it, or no. But whatever the folly, or wickednefs of wit can invent, neither ne- ceflity norhoneft intentions can make that ftraight which is crooked : no excellency Ecclef. i. 15. of fpeech, no words of man's wifdom, though never fo enticing, will be able to juftify the breaches of faith, and violations of duty -, no not the lead evil, though in order to the greateft good. Will ye fpeak wickedly for GOD, and talke deceitfully for his caufe ? Saith Job Non defenforibus iftis Certainly, according to thefe princi^ pies, all fences and inclofures of Govern- Plut Lacon. ment are plucked up, and laid open, and according to Lyfander's juflice (the long- er! fword will be the meafure of the befl caufe). Pretences will never be wanting againfl any authority, fo long as ambition may beget a neceffity, and coveteoufnefs a well-meaning, to make good the force. At this rate thofe gentlemen of the army may com to be paid in their own coyn, and the retaliation juft before GOD : for D 3 as 116242 38 WALLER'S VINDICATION. as they, upon the foremen tioned grounds, have taken the liberty to invade the Par^ liament ; fo may any other army, upon the fame fquare of reafon, prefume to fall on j.Sam. ii. 26. upon them. Will it not he butternefs in the end? I would not in all this be mifunderftood, as if I criminated the whole army; GOD forbid that I mould condemn the righteous with the wicked. I know well there were many perfons of integrity and gallantry in it, whofe fouls were vexed with thofe pro- ceedings ; who, though they were of that body, yet were npt of that minde, but were ncceflitated to hold with it, only becaufe in this calamitous time they knew not how to fubfift without it, reteining fuch a kind pf flippery intereft in it as, like a piece of ice, they could with no certainty hold, pr part with. Thofe I am confident would, upon a good occafion, mew themfelves ready to ad: accprding tp the rules of ho- fiour and confcience. And therefore I have WALLER'S VINDICATION. 39 have a refervation of a due refpect for them. Neither do I, in that peccant party, condemn all alike : for I do verily believe there were many Jionefl malefactors among them, that were led into this en- gagement, like thofe men of Jerufalem that followed Abfalom, in their fimplicity, knowing nothing, Thefe I commiferate. But the woe be upon thofe by whom the offences are com; who acled thefe poor men to their own ambitious ends, and blind- ed them with falfe pretences, as the Phi- liftines blinded Samfon, only to make them grinde their grift ; fporting at them when they have don their work ; or paying them for it with a mufquet-mot in the head. O my foul, com not thou into their fecret ; unto their afTembly, mine honour, be not thou united : I cannot but look upon thefe men with horror and abomination, as en- gaged beypnd the hope of a retreat ; as re- duced to that miferable neceffity of being wicked ; and therefore in the condition of D 4 that 40 WALLER' VINDICATION. Athen. pip- that Lacedemonian, when he clap'd an nof. 1. iii. . ., ,. oyfter into his mouth, fliell and all; re- folved to fwallow what they have begun to chew : I take my leave of them, with Michaiah his farewell to Ahab, Go and profper. For their comfort, they have but two enemies, GOD, and all good men. But it is ftill urged, that before the ar- my had contracted this guilt, and when it was in a flate of innocency, I ac~ted the part of a ferpent, by my endeavours to deftroy it, pradtifing at Saffron Walden, and elfe- where, to divide and difoand it, and raifmg prejudices and jealoufies againft it in the Houfe of Commons, to the hindrance of the relief of Ireland, and the hazard of the fafety of England, and therefore the fire that afterwards broke out in it was of my kindling and blowing. For anfwer whereunto I defire it may be remembred, that after it had pleafed our good and gracious God to flop the bleeding veins of this kingdom, by deter- mining WALLER'S VINDICATION. mining the late more-then-civil-warr, there being then nothing of,hofKlity left in the field, all fwords fealed up (as it is writ- ten to have been in Pompey's army, though Plut. in Pomp, upon another account) and all garrifons reduc'd, the Scottifh army withdrawn, his Majefty's perfon fetled at IJolmby, in or- der to the fending of proportions unto him, for the concluding a fafe and a well grounded peace, all things feeming to con- curr, as in an happy conftellation, to the re-eftablimment of our fhaken founda- tions; it was then held fitt by the wifdom of the Parliament, to alleviate the burthens and preffures which the neceffity of thofe foregoing times had impos'd upon the kingdom, whereby the people might com to enjoy the fruit of that peace, which, with the expence of fo much blood and trea- fure, they had planted. In purfuance of that end, 1 many things were propofed; but the reducement of the forces was refolved upon, as the primum urgens. Whereupon it 42* WAI. LEU'S VINDICATION, it was ordined by both the Houfes. That the (landing army, for the defence of this kingdom, mould be contracted to the pro- portion of ten thoufand foot, and five thoufand fower hundred horfe. That out of the fupernumeraries there fhould be feven regiments of foot, fower of horfe, and one of dragoons compleated, and fen t for Ireland j the remainder, upon the re- ceipt of two month's pay, to be difbancjed; and that, for the maintenance pf the forces eftablifhed, there mould be an afTefTrnent of threefcore thoufand pounds a 1 month laid upon the kingdom of England, an4 dominion of Wales, The manner how thofe forces defign'd for Ireland mould be drawn out was or- der'd to be referred to the Committee for the Affairs of Ireland at Derby houfe. Whereupon the Committee refolved, that the Lord Wharton, Sir John Clotworthy, young Mr. Saloway, and myfelf, fhould be defir'd to go to the head-quarter at Saffron Walden, VINDICATION. 43 Walden, with inftru&ions (according to the power given by the Houfes). That we mould conferr with the generall, or fuch officers of the army as we mould think fitt to communicate with, touching the carrying on of that fervice, with the great- eft expedition that might he. Upon this, and no other ground, and by thefe degrees, I came to be engaged in that bufmefs of .Saffron Walden. And what have I now don? is there not a caufe ? As David faid to his i Sam. xvii. 29. angry brethren, when his father had fent him upon an errand to the army, I did not run before I was fent; neither was I fo forward, as to fay with Ahimaaz, I pray 2 am. _ xviii. 10. thee let me run. For the truth is, I doubted I fhould but blow into a wafp's jiefr., and fting mine own lipps. But the Committee, in purfuance of the votes of the Houfes, was pleafed to command my fervice, and I look'd upon that as a fufn- cient j unification of my obedience. But I may be, the queflion will not be fo much upon WALLER'S VINDICATION. upon my going, when I was bid to goe, as upon, my acting : When it was faid unto me, do this, whether I did what I was commanded ? Whether the report of thofe tranfactions were clearly and fairly made ? And whether I did not mifrepreient the proceedings of the army to the Houfe of Commons ? For fatisfadtion of thefe qa?- ries, I mall deliver in a particular account of all my proceedings in that negotiation. And if that plain dealing will not ferve to clear me > let me perifh like the ermine, in a fair way, rather then I will runn into the dirt to fave myfelf. March the 20th, 1646, Sir John Clot- worthy and I came to Walden, whither Mr.Saloway followed us the next day; but my Lord Wharton declined the bufmefs, and came not at all. That evening we made application to the generall, and com- municated our bufinefs unto him \ where- upon immediately he gave order for a con- vention of the officers the next day. In the WALLER'S VINDICATION.- 45 the mean time, according to the latitude given us by the Committee, we took oc- caiion to found the affections of thofe of- ficers and gentlemen that did us the ho- nour to vifit us, how they flood inclined to the fervice of Ireland, declaring unto them upon what terms the Parliament of- fer'd that employment. Some we found willing to engage in their own perfons. Others, that were not at that time prepa- pared to give a pofitive refolution did, not- withftanding, allure us of their ready con- currence to advance the bufinefs by all poiliLle means. But we mett with a ftrong fpirit of contradiction in very many; fom general officers, others perfons of eminent quality in the army : who, though they could not have the confidence to fpeak any thing fimply in oppoiition to the re- lief of Ireland, yet they made a fhift to figure lions in the way, and to obflrudl the fervice by propoling difficulties and unrea- fonable demands. The 2 46 WALLER'S VINDICATION. The next day, the officers being (ac- cording to appointment) convened, we delivered our melTage unto them j after which, they defired us to withdraw, that they might take into confideration what anfwer to return. They were not long to feek for it j and the refult was, That they were not, for the prefent, in a capacity, to give their pofitive refolution, whether they would engage for Ireland, or no; until it were declared, Firfl, what particular regi- ments, troops, or companies of the army, were to be continued in the fervice of this kingdom. Secondly, under whofe conduct, or command in chief, they mould go, that did engage for Ireland. Thirdly, what af- furance they mould have of pay, and fub- liftence during their employment there: And, Fourthly, that they might have fa- tisfaclion in point of arrears, and indem- nity for their pail fervice in England. But however they mould think fitt to difpofe of themfelves, they undertook in their fe- veral WALLER'S VINDICATION. 47 veral places, to ad as farr as they were able, to the furtherance of the fervice, among thofe that were under their refpec- tive commands. This way of anfwering proportions with proportions edified us fo little, that we could not choofe but defire there might be a fecond call of the officers, in hope, that upon their recollected thoughts, we might gain a more fatisfadtory aniwer from them. Accordingly, the generall appointed a meeting the day following : but the con- clufion thereof was, That they could find no caufe, either from the votes and refo- lutions of the Houfe of Commons, or from any other confideration, to alter, or recede from what they had determined the day before. This pofitivenefs did the more amaze us ; becaufe we could fee fo little ground for it. For as to the point of their pay, the Houfe, in that forementioned vote of the 1 6th of March, had (as we conceived) made WALLER'S VINDICATION. madefufficient provifion: the reality where- of might appear, both in the care that was taken, for the orderly levying of the alTeir- ments in the feveral countries, according to the proportions obferved in the ordi- nance for Sir Thomas Fairfax's army ; and likewife in the choice that was made of Commiffioners to manage the bufinefs, who were the fame perfons then remaining alive, that were nominated in that ordi- nance, and known to be faithful to their interefL So that we could not but fufpect there were more then Providence in this caution 5 and truly we were to feek for a good fenfe in their other demands. That inquiry, what particular forces were to be continued here, putt us into a doubt, that their zeal to the fervice of Ireland was of but a cold complexion, when infteed of a chearfull declaring, who would go, the firft queftion came to be, who mould flay ? As if they that could not tell how to flay, might do heft to go. And that which made WALLER'S VINDICATION. 49 made it worfe, was the unfeafonablenefs of irrefolute and dilatory counfells at fuch a time, when all the light that GOD had left us in the poor kingdom, was but as a lampe defpifed (to ufe Job's phrafe), ap- j obt xii< 50 pearing now and then in little blazes and fucceffes, ^uafi mox emoritura lucerne? fu- premus fulgor : fo that, in effect, it was no better, then a putting out of the lampe, not to fupply it with oil ; it was a quench- ing of the fpirits of our party there, not to expedite a relief unto them. It feem'd to us a prefumptuous anticipation of the votes of the Houfes, and, at the heft, a curious impertinency in them to queftion under whofe command they mould go, when the Parliament had not thought fit to declare it. He that afked what was in the covered bafket, was well anfwered, that it was therefore cover'd, becaufe he mould not pi ut .de know it. There is a certain thing, which Tacitus cafls gloria obfequii, that befitts an Tacit. Annal. E army; WALLER'S VINDICATION. army; and, therefore, if it mould have pleafed the Houfes to conftitute and ap- point a Gorporall to have been their Ge- nerall, it would have been their duty to accept him, without faying Nolumus hunc. In the point of their arrears, they might have taken notice, that there was the fame rule of equity held with them, that was obferved with all others that en- gaged for Ireland; and any indifferent rea- fon might judge, what a ftone of offence it muft needs have been to thofe that had endured the burthen and heat of the warr, and thought themfelves well paid with a penny; if others, that were to come at the eleventh hower, mould have the priviledge to receive their two pence. I confefs, they reafon to demand an act of indemnity, if for no other reafon, but becaufe they had made thefe demands. But we defired not to ftretch ourfelves beyond our line, and therefore moved no further. That evening we had information given us WALLER'S VINDICATION. S l us from very good hands, that there was a petition of dangerous confequence, pre- tended to com from the fouldiers, but framed and minted by fom of the princi- pal officers, which that afternoon had been, tendered to the Convention (in the Ge- neral!' s own houfe, where he quartered) to be approved, and made pa/Table and currant by their ftamp; and that it was there prefled with fo much paflion, that an officer of quality, and eminent merit (by name Quarter-m after-general Fincher) offering his fenfe againft it, was reproach'd by Colonell Rich, as a perfon not deferv- ing to live in the army. Upon this notice, Sir John Clotworthy, and myfelf (Mr. Saloway being then gon away before us to London) refolved, both for our own ex- oneration, and for prevention of that guilt which might be drawn upon the whole army, by fuch an accurfed thing, tc ac- quaint the Generall with it. We did it; and received this anfwer from him, that E a he WALLER'S VINDICATION. he had not yet heard of any fuch petition; that nothing of {hat nature, or tending to that fenfe, could gain accefs to the Parlia- ment, but that it mufl pafs through his hands; and that it fhould be his care to fupprefs whatfoever might give offence. Upon this afTurance, we took our leaves of him, not without hope that having forefeen this bafilifk, we had killed it. But, contrary to our expectation, we were no fooner com to London, but the coppy of the petition was fent up after us, with thefe reprefentations annexed. Firft, that whereas the neceffity and exigency of the warr had put them upon many actions -which the law would not warrant, nor they have acted in a time of fettled peace; there might be made (before their diiband- ing) a full and fufficient provifion for their indemnity and fecurity, in all fuch cafes by ordinance of Parliament, unto which the Royal Affent mould be defired. Secondly, that Auditors, or Commiflioners, might be 3 WALLER'S VINDICATION. 53 be fpeedily appointed, and authorized to repair to the head quarters of the army, to audit and flate their accompts, as well for former fervices, as for their fervice] in this army; and that, before the difbanding of the army, fatisfaction might be given to the petitioners for their arrears; that fo the charge, trouble, and lofs of time, which they muft necejfTarily undergo, in attend- ance, might be prevented, and that no officer might be charged, in his accompt, with any thing that did not particularly concern himfelf. Thirdly, that thofe who have voluntarily ferved the Parliament in the late warr, might not hereafter be com- pelled by prefs, or otherwife, to ferve as fouldiers out of the Kingdom; nor thofe who had ferved as horfmen, be compelled by prefs, to ferve on foot, in any future cafe. Fourthly, that fuch in the army as had lofl their limbs, and the wives and children of fuch as had been flayn in the fervice, and fuch officers and fouldiers as E 3 had 54 WALLER'S VINDICATION. had fufleined lofles, or been prejudiced in their eftates, by adhering to the Parlia- ment, or in their perfons by ficknefs, or imprifonment under the enemy, might have fuch allowances and fatisfadtion as might be agreeable to juftice and equity. Fifthly, that till the army was difbanded, as aforefaid, fom courfe might be taken, for the fupply thereof with mony, whereby they might be enabled to difcharge their quarters : that fo they might not, for ne- ceffary food, be beholding to their enemies (or, as it was in the printed paper, the Par- liament's enemies) nor burthenfome to their friends, nor oppreffive to the country, whofe prefervation they had always en- deavoured, and in whofe happinefs they would flill rejoice. We were likewife herewithall informed, that both the petition and the reprefentations were promoted in the army, and had already been tender'd to divers regiments, to be fubfcribed; with order, that all fuch as re- fufed WALLER'S VINDICATION. 55 fufed to fett their hands mould be crofs'd out of the mufter-roll. That thofe regi- ments, that were quartered remote, had a commandment fent them to draw towards the head- quarters in order to a general rendezvous; and that the whole defigne was carried on by Lieutenant Generall Hammond, Commiflary General Ireton, Colonel Lillburn, Lieutenant Colonel Pride, and fom others. At the fame time, we received alfo a declaration of thofe officers that dnTented from the petition, dated the two and twentieth of that inftant March, wherein they nobly fhewed their readinefs to advance the fervice for Ireland, mo- deftly reprefenting fuch inducements as, they conceived, might fooneft engage the fouldiery. And for whatever might con- cern their own particular intereft, they re- ferred themfelves wholy (without any ca- pitulations) to the wifdome and care of the Parliament. This was fubfcribed by a very confiderable number of officers of E 4 the WALLER'S VINDICATION. the field, and others ; and came then very opportunely to let the world fee, there was no fuch univerfal concurrence in the peti- tion, as was afterward very falfly and im- pudently fuggefted. When we were to make a report, Sir John Clott worthy made choice to prefent the coppies of the petition and reprefenta- tions to the Houfe. For my part, I pro- fefs, I was never in .my life in a greater dilemma what to do ; fometimes I thought I would take heed unto my ways, that I might avoid offence: but when I confi- dered, that in fo doing I might keep filence even from good, my forrow was flirred, and my heart waxed hot within me ; and I refolved, according to that obligation of honour and confcience, which lay upon me, to give a true and faithfull account of all that fell within the compafs of my lot to report ; which I did accordingly, in the other particulars mentioned, flicking the guilt of the whole defigne, upon the per- fon WALLER'S VINDICATION. 57 fon of CommhTary General treton, and the reft of the above named officers. It fell out that the CommhTary General was not in the Houfe when I made the report; and therefore, there being no officer of the army prefent that could knowingly, or would willingly fpeak to thefe paflages, there was no immediat refolution taken ; and the rather, becaufe unto that particu- lar concerning the tender of the petition to the feveral regiments of the army, to be fubfcribed by the fouldiers, there was but a tingle proof (though avowed by Colonel Harley) ; fo that the Houfe re- mained in that doubt, which the Schoole Aquinas, termeth a doubt of admiration and aflo- nimment, not of unbelief; and between both determined nothing. About half an hower, or an hower after, and during this hefitation, CommifTary Ge- nerall Ireton came in, and thereupon im- mediately the Houfe called me up, and commanded me to my report again , and I did WALLER'S VINDICATION* I did it as before, iifdem terminis. The CommifTary General!, in anfwer to this, told the Speaker, that he prefumed, and took it for granted, that what I had delivered was by way of an information given me, and not as upon mine own knowledge, and therefore he would have nothing to fay to me. But for the matter fuggefted, he was there to avow, that it was a pure fic- tion, and there was no fuch petition at all, nor any fuch thing in agitation. This being fo confidently fpoken, and by a per- fon of that quality and trufl in the army, the Houfe continued in a great fufpenfe, untill it pleafed the providence of Gor> to order it fo, that in the midfl of the de- bate (unknown to me, and, I think I may fpeak it confidently, unknown to any body elfe within thofe walls) there came a letter to Col. Roifiter from his major out of Lincolnshire, fignifying, that a petition had been fent to him from the head-quar- ters, to be fubfcribed by the regiment, with WALLER'S VINDICATION. 59 with directions, that he mould return their fubfcriptions to CommifTary General Ireton, and the reft of the officers formerly named by me. The concurrence of this fecond information ferved, like Eunomus his Straboex Tirneo. grafshopper, to fupply that firing that was wanting in my report, and made up a full evidence of the truth of what I had de- livered, fo that the Houfe re fled fatisfy'd with it. Upon this, when fom moved, that there might be a vigorous courfe taken to fupprefs the petition, the Com- mifTary Generall flood up, and humbly be- fought the Speaker, that he would not go that way to work, for fome reafons, which, if the Houfe commanded him, he fhould exprefs. The Houfe thereupon required him to fpeak. He faid, Why then, Mr. Speaker, I mufl confefs there is fuch a pe- tition, and agreeing with that coppy, which hath been prefented to you; but both myfelf and the other officers were neceffitated to yield to it, to prevent a worfe. 6o worfe. Therewithal he told them of a great inflammation in the army, and that there was no courfe to be held for the allaying of it, but by a gentle and ten- der proceeding. This blowing hot, and cold, with the fame breath, and in the face of fuch an AfTembly, was entertained with wonder enough. But the Houfe refted not fo ; but being juftly apprehenfive of the rifing of this fmoak, and defirous to prevent the flame that might follow it, ordered the Speaker to difpatch a letter forthwith to the Gene- ral, accompanied with a coppy of the pe- tition, requiring him, by the befl means he could ufe, to flop any further proceed- ing upon it. The informations given in by me, they referr'd to a fpecial Commit- tee to be examined thoroughly : and, for the encouragement of thofe officers, who by their declaration had fignifyed their good affection to the Houfe, and their noble readinefs to advance the fervice of Ireland, WALLER'S VINDICATION. 6l Ireland, they voted, That the Houfe did accept of their engagement, and gave them thanks for it, with a promife, that they mould have the fame proportion of ar- rears, and advance, that the others, who had formerly undertaken that employment, had received. To this end they impower'd the Committee fitting at Derby-houfe for the affairs of Ireland, to treat with them and any other officers of the army, or any whofoever, for the carrying on and per- fecting of that fervice, and to offer the fame conditions to them, reporting all to the Houfes. This don, to mew the high diilike they had of the petition, that night, after a long debate, they voted a declara- tion againil it, and the reprefentations an- nexed unto it, as tending to put the army into diftemper and mutiny ; to impofe conditions upon the Parliament, and to ob- flrudt the relief of Ireland ; approving their good fervice who firft difcover'd it, com- mending all fuch officers and fouldiers as had WALLER'S VINDICATION. had refus'd to joyn in it, afTuring pardon to thofe who, by the perfuaiion of others, had been drawn to fubfcribe it, if, for the future, they fhould manifeft their diflike of what they had don, by forbearing to proceed any further ; and declaring, that all thofe who fhould continue in their dif- tempered condition, and go on in advancing and promoting that petition, fhould be looked upon and proceeded againft as ene- mies to the flate, and diflurbers of the public peace. This was that declaration that gave the great fcandal to the army; and that was afterwards charged to be furreptitioufly gotten, at an unreafonable hower of the night, contrary to the intention and direc- tion of the order of the Houfe ; contrary to the rules of juftice, and ufual courfe of Parliament, when moft of the members were departed. I acknowledge it was a night piece j and it was late before it was pafs'd ; but if that were enough to make it WALLER'S VINDICATION. 63 It apocryphal, it would reflect upon diverfe other votes and orders of the Houfe, (fome of the greateft importance) that fmelt of the candle as much as this did, and yet, notwithftanding, remain in full force and unqueftion'd. How the Houfe could be furprized with it, after fo long a debate, is hardly imaginable. Order there was none, to prohibit the bringing of it in that night ; only the diflenting gentlemen conceived there would be nothing don thereupon till the next day. If upon this falfe conception moft of the members took the liberty to depart, before the bufmes was fettled, I think the fault was not in the late fitting up of the Houfe, but in their going to bed too foon. Wherefoever the fault was, whether in the Houfe of Commons by night, or in the Houfe of Lords by day, it being becom the Act of both Houfes, faftum va/uit. To quicken this declaration, which of itfelf might feem but a dead letter, the Houfe A WALLER'S VINDICATIONS Die Martis Houfe took a refolution to print it in fom 30, Martii, t 1647. examples, and thereupon mortly after or- dered, that Lieutenant Generall Hammond, Col. Hammond, Col. Lilburn, Lieutenant Colonel Pride, and fom others (the prin- cipal promoters of the petition), fhould be fent for up to the barr, to make anfwer for their carnage in that bulinefs. And that thofe interpofitions might not eclipfe Die Veneris, the relief of Ireland, it was voted, That 9 Apr, 1647* the Committee at Darby-houfe, for the affairs of Ireland, fhould have power given them to draw off the forces of the army, that would engage in that fervice, into a body by themfelves, and to difpofe them into regiments, or otherwife, as fhould be held moft convenient. And that directions fhould be given to the Generall to quarter the other remaining regiments more at large, and further afunder one from another; and to fend his counter- mand to flop thofe that had received order to march up nearer to the head-quarters. All WALLER'S VINDICATION. 65 All this was don upon a rational wife con- fideration, that if the principal firebrands were well quenched, and the coals rak'd abroad and difperfed, the fire would go out of itfelf ; and that in drawing thofe Irifh forces into a diftind body, it would be a good piece of chymiftry to feparate the pretious from the vile, and to divide the interefts of the army 3 that fo in cafe of a quiet fettlement here, there might be a relief ready prepared for Ireland ; or if the difcontented party fhould offer to ftirr, there might be a feafonable provifion for defence. But notwithflanding all this, lead the juftice of the Houfe might feem to incline more to the fword then the fcale, it was thought fitt to take the weight of the qaere's propofed in the name of the army, that what fhould appear to be reafonably de- fired, might be fairly granted, thereby to cut off occafion from thofe that defired occafion; and that none might be able to F fay 66 WALLER'S VINDICATION. fay, that the Parliament, by denying the army a right, had given it a right to do wrong, according to that of the poet, omnla Lucan. dat, qui jujla negat. Whereupon thefe Die Jovis 8, feveral votes were palled, That the troops 8 Apr. 1647. . m the particular counties of Leiceuer, of Salop, Chefter, Stafford, Warwick, and Northampton, fhould be conjoyned in one regiment, under the command of Co- lonell Needham, and be one of the regi- ments to be kept up in the kingdome of England : and that out of the cavalry of the army, the General's own regiment. Lieutenant Generall Cromwell's (unde* the command of Major Huntington as Colonell), Colonell Roffiter's (under the command of Major Twiileton, as Colonell), Colonell Greave's and Colonell Whaley's regiments, mould be continued upon the new eftablifhment in this kingdome. There was nothing refolved concerning the foot, partly becaufe it could not be then known, what proportion thereof it might WALLER'S VINDICATION. 67 might be fit to referve, in regard it was the deiire of moft of the counties (where the garrifons were to be continued) that they might reteiri their own officers, and fouldiers, who were moft of them perfons interefted in the places where they ferved ; and with whom they were already ac- quainted; and partly, for that there was no fuch mutinous humour then in predo- mination among the generality of them; but they feemed to fland in an indifferent fufpenfe, like a pice of iron ballancing be- tween two loadftones of equal attraction, alike inclined (if they were lett alone) either to go for Ireland, or to ftay, or dif- band at home. And, however, it was con- ceived, that if the horfe were acquieted, the foot fmgly would neither have will, nor power, to do any thing confiderable to the difturbance of the peace. As to the fervice of Ireland it was voted, Die Mams, 3 Martiij That the feven regiments of foot, and 1647, fower of horfe (formerly ordered to be F 2 fent 68 WALLER'S VINDICATION^ fent into that kingdome) mould be taken out of the army. That Major Generall Skippon mould command them in chief, under the title of Field Marmall, accom- panied with Major General MafTey, as lieutenant general of the horfe. That there mould be an exacT: lift taken of all the forces employed in, or defigned for, that fervice, that were upon the pay of this kingdome, that they might be incor- porated in one common enterteinment, upon one and the fame foot of account. DieVen. 4 That the pay of fuch commanders and officers, as would engage for Ireland, fhould be higher then of thofe that were to be continued in England^ which was ex- plained by the vote of April the I3th. That the eftablifhment of the officers and fouldiers, both thofe that were already in Ireland, and thofe that were to go over thither, mould be the fame with the (pre- fent) eftablimment of Sir Thomas Fairfax's army; and that the proportion of pay, which was WALLER'S VINDICATION. was to be refpited upon the public faith, mould be made good unto them upon the conclufion of the warr, out of the rebels lands by Englim meafure, according to the rates fettled by acl: of Parliament, fatisfac- tion being firft made to the adventurers ; and that the pay of thofe forces, that were to be kept up in England, mould be re- duced (upon the new eftablifhrnent) to a lower proportion, according to the parti- culars exprefTed in that ordinance. That, for a further encouragement to thofe forces that engaged for Ireland, the officers mould all have their debenturs for their arrears, and accounts made up, according to their mufters in their abfence. To conclude, there was an acl: of indemnity appointed to be drawn up for all, with all the enlarge- ments that could be thought confident with honour and juftice. I have been the more particular in the commemoration of thefe votes, to mew that the Houfes of Parliament were not wanting, on their F 3 part, WALLER'S VINDICATION. part, to give all fair fatisfa&ion to the army, if there had heen any intention or inclination in them to receive it. But I go on. Whileft thefe things were in agitation, there came up a letter from the Generall to the Speaker, bearing date from Walden, March the 30, 1647, wherein he acknow- ledged the receipt of the order for the fup- preffion of a petition, inform'd to be carry- ing on in the army, in obedience where- unto he had convened all the officers in thofe parts of the kingdome, and commu- nicated the letter and order unto them. That the officers generally exprefled a very deep fenfe of their unhappinefs in being mifunderftood in their clear intentions, which were no other, then by a petitionary way to reprefent thofe in conveniences unto him, which would neceffarily befall moft of the army after diibanding; and there- upon to defire him to make known, in a fubmiffive way, to the Houfe of Commons, fo WALLER'S VINDICATION. 71 fo much as he fhould judge fitt, and fea- fonable ; alluring him, that they would wholly acquiefce in whatfoever he mould offer, or the Houfe grant. But he under- ftood not that claufe in the Speaker's letter, concerning the marching up of the regi- ments towards the head-quarters ; except it were meant by Sir Hardrefs Waller's regiment, which was remanded from New- caftle, at the inftance of Major General Skippon; and Colonel Hammond's and Colonel Herbert's regiments, which were upon their march from Weftchefter, being difmuTed from that fervice : that, accord- ing to the command of the Houfe, he had fent up Lieutenant Generall Hammond, Colonell Hammond, Colonel Ljllburne, Lieutenant Colonel Pride, and Lieutenant Colonel Grimes, to attend their pleafure: concluding, that he trufted the army would ever manifeft their affections to the Pub- lick by their conftant perfeverance in F 4 their 72 WALLER'S VINDICATION. their accuftomed obedience, which mould ever be really endeavoured by himfelf. I cannot pafs by this letter, without fom fhort animadverfions upon it : firft, I muft crave leave to admire, that the General mould be fo unacquainted with the carry- ing on of the petition, when (as I intimated before), it was openly, and publickly de- bated, at the convention of officers in his own quarter, and in the room dire&ly under his own chamber, within his hearing; when his own regiment of horfe was fo deeply engaged in it, and appeared in the pro- moting of it, by an officer of their's fent with a copy thereof to Holdingby, by means whereof fom of thofe forces there were putt into a mutiny : and when one Mofes Bennet (who was employed, the Thurfday before the meeting at Walden, to publim the petition to Colonel Butler's regiment, with orders for the return of the fubfcrip- tions unto Lieutenant Generall Hammond, and WALLER'S VINDICATION. 73 and the reft above named, or any of them, by Saturday March 22d), when he, I fay, fhould prefume to avow public kly to the Captain Molineaux, that he undertook that bufinefs with the Generall's own con- fent. Secondly, I cannot but obferve the modefty, at that time, of thofe officers ; who profefTed to look no further in their demands, than to thofe inconveniencies likely to befall them after difbanding ; an act of indemnity - y a flating of their de- benturs j fom confideration of pay, and a little fprinkling of charity, was all they aimed at; but however, the will of the Parliament fhould be their law, verecunda funt imtia peccati. The firfl eflays of fin are veiled, and muffled like Thamax ; with continuance men com to act upon the houfe top, like Abfalom. Laflly, for that riddle concerning the marching up of the regiments, the Generall at once difclaims the knowledge of it and yet refolves it ; what he knew not, he knew. Thofe were the 74 WALLER'S VINDICATION, the very regiments mentioned (excepting only Colonel Rainfborough's, which was miilaken, and fo acknowledged). And if there had been no defigne in bringing them up, it may be demanded, why they were not ftop'd in their march, according to the order of the Houfe ? But this de latere. Upon the appearance of thofe officers, fent up with this letter at the barr, it was expected, that there would have been quick and fharp proceeding. But the Houfe, having already adjudged the petition,^w- dum quod erat (according to the rule, in the judgment of things), was then willing (as in the judgment of perfons it is held beft), to conftrue their actions, in mellorem partem: and therefore after fom general queftions put to them, whereby they might eafily perceive, there was a greater incli- nation to believe they were honeft, then to make them fo, they were, with a gentle Sen. in admonition, which was but irato amore, Hercul. Oft. difcharged. WALLER'S VINDICATION. 7S difcharged. It is a true obfervation of Lo. Bacon, that great advancer of learning, that there is no vertue, fo often faulty, as clemency. I am forry to inftance, in the favor ihewed to thofe' gentlemen; which infteed of foftning them, and making them fufcep- tible of good impreflions, did but ferve to harden their clay temper. For at their return to the army, they ftuck not to give out in bravado, that their enemies had don their worft, and that when they came to the barr, there could be nothing produced againft them j whereas the truth was, that becaufe the Houfe had thought fitt im- mediately to difcharge them, and had fo exprefled their fenfe, therefore there could be nothing produced againft them. But the woman apprehended in the ad: of adul- tery, was never a whit the more innocent, becaufe nobody profecuted againft her. Thofe gentlemen might have don well to remember, that they were difmifs'd to their feveral charges, with a go, and fin no more j and WALLER'S VINDICATION. and they rewarded evil for good, that turn'd that grace into wantonnefs. It is true there was a great paffion pretended by fom to have the charge again ft them verifyed, in order whereunto, there was a fpecial com- mittee appointed to examine proofs -, but that committee could never be brought to meet, and when CornrnifTary Generall Ireton urged to have the evidence produced, with that vain rodomontade, that if it were not don effectually, the informers mould be accounted the authors, and devifors of fuch fuggeftions, he very well knew, the com- mittee was fain for want of adjournment, and could not deny, but that I moved to have it revived *gain, although nothing was ordered upon it ; and therefore I muft take leave to believe, that both himfelf, and they that feemed to be fuch earneft fblli- citors for the verification of this charge, did but prefs for the truth, as the frier faid, People feem to prefs for holy water ; they would feem defirous to be purify'd with it, but WALLER'S VINDICATION. 77 but if it had com to be dafhed in their* faces, they would have fhrunk at it, Vero Martial. 1. viii. p. 76. ergo quid Jit audi, wrum, Gallice, non libetoter audis. But I proceed, and my next ftep muft be into Derby-houfe, where the committee of Lords and Commons for the affairs of Ireland, was pleafed, upon the confidera- tion of the votes above mentioned, to lay their defires upon the Earle of Warwick, the Lord Dacres, Sir John Clotworthy, Lieutenant General Mafley, Mr. Richard Saloway, and myfelf; that we would go to Saffron Walden, impowering us by their inftruclions to treat with the general and officers, to propofe, and improve to the befl advantage we could, the feveral votes and orders, for encouragement of thofe that mould engage for Ireland - y and as any mould accept the fervice, to draw them into a body from the reft of the army, to difpofe them into regiments, or otherwife, and to quarter them in fuch places, as mould 78 WALLER'S VINDICATION. mould be held mofl convenient in order to their fpeedy march; and where officers were wanting, to nominate fuch perfons as we mould think fitt, and to prefent them to the committee, to be reported to the Houfe ; directing us to give them an account, from time to time, of our pro- ceedings, and to put in execution fuch fur- ther orders, as mould com to us from the Houfes, or from the faid committee. The 1 4th of April, 1647, in purfuance of this fervice, we came all of us (except- ing Mr. Saloway) to the head-quarters at Walden, where we were enterteined with informations from feveral good hands, that there was an evil report brought upon the Irim employment, and that the hand of the commanders and officers was chief in this trefpafs, from whom a difcontented blood had been diffufed, and fpread into the veins of the army : that the horfe were entered into a combination again ft the fer- vice, and great endeavours ufed to corrupt the WALLER'S VINDICATION. 79 the foot to joyn with them : that in this diflemper (as we know, mot a facilius mo- 'ventur) there wanted not practices to move, and incite the army againft the Par- liament itfelf; fome by licentious fpeeches, others by libellous pamphlets, defaming and blaftingit; giving out, that the poor coun- try had paid in their affefTments to the Par- liament ; but the Parliament had diverted the fums to their own private ufe, and coufened both the country and the army, and that it would be but juft to fetch a fatisfaction out of their fides > and arraign- ing the government as unjuft, and oppref- five, and as acted by a faction; witnefs that piece (among others), intitled, A Warning for all the Counties of England; divers coppies whereof we found in our inn ; which were faid to have been brought down in a certein coach from London, to be difpers'd into the feveral quarters of the army, as afterwards we found defafto they were. All that we could do (in that con- dition), So WALLER'S VINDICATION- dition), was but to know, and remember with fom obfervation, that we were likely 'to meet with foul weather, for the morn- ing was red, and lowririg. April the i5th we made our application to the Generall, and having imparted our inflructions, and the votes of the Houfes unto him, we let him know further what we were informed concerning the endeavours to retard, and obflrucl: the relief of Ireland* and how prejudicial we thought they might prove, if not timouily flopped, taking the free- dome to offer our opinion, that it might be fitt for him to publifh fomething in declaration of his diflike of thofe en- deavours, with a penal commination to fuch as mould dare to proceed any further in them, and an encouragement to all that mould either make difcovery of the of- fenders, or otherwife contribute their pains to the advancement of the fervice. For the faving of time, we fent him that night a draught of a declaration framed to this fenfe, WALLER'S VINDICATION. fenfe, that he might be pleafed to figne it, or to make ufe of the materials thereof, as he mould think fitted. In anfwer where- unto, the General returned an expreffion of his willingnefs to promove the fervice, and of his diflike of any endeavours againil it ; but he refufed to figne any thing of that nature, at that time, in regard it might feem to put a reftraint upon the army, and to curb them from fpeaking their refolu- tions with that freedom, which was allow- ed them (the votes only extending to fuch as mould willingly engage), and for that the army was already in fom heat, upon occafion of a late declaration; and he feared what a further exafperation might produce. But he promifed to fpeak to the Officers, and to interpofe his command to them, that they mould not only forbear to crofs, but endeavour to advance the fer- vice. This return gave us little hope, that there would be any thing material don, either to the clearing obftructions, as to the G Irlfh 82 WALLER'S VINDICATION. Irifh fervice, or to allaying diftempers In i Sam. ii. the army. That calme reprimende, Why do you fuch things ? and do no more my fons, we know how little it edified; and to think to extinguish a combuftion in an army, by allowing the fouldiers a freedome to fpeak their mutinous difcontents and paffions without reftraint, appeared as ir- rational to us, as if a man mould go about, to put out a fire in a furnace, by giving it a vent, which is but the way to make it rage the more. That afternoon we had a meeting with the officers, where the Generall having by word of mouth declared unto them the fubftance of what he had intimated to us, as is above mentioned; we caufed the feve- ral votes and orders of the Houfe to be read; and thereafter my Lord of Warwick, with a great deal of civil language, reprefented the high eftimation which the Houfes had of the army, and how thankfully-minded they were of their fervices, how willing to fatisfy WALLER'S VINDICATION. 83 fatisfy their delires in all things, as far as could ftand with equity, and the prefent condition of affairs, encouraging them to embrace the employment offered, as that which was honourable in itfelf, and mould be made beneficial to them. The anfwer was returned by Colonel Lambert in the name of all (feconded with a cry of, All, All, by fome). He defired fatisfadion to fower quaeres : Firfl, what indemnity they might expect for their pafs'd actions ? Secondly, what fecurity for their arrears ? Thirdly, what eftablifhment for the Irifli pay ? And, fourthly, who mould command that fervice in chief? Unto which it was reply'd; That as to the firft, the Houfe was preparing an ordinance to give full fatisfaction, and they might be confident in that particular. To the fecond and third, that there was provifion made in the votes, then communicated to them. To the fourth, that Field Marfhal Skippon,and Lieutenant Generall Mafley were the perfons chofen G a to 84 WALLER'S VINDICATION^ to command. Soni made objection, that they had underftood by letters from the Field Marfhal, that he deiired to be ex^ cufed from that employment, by reafon of his age, and infirmities ; and fomthing was muttered, but nothingopenlyfpoken againft Lieutenant General Mafley : I was told afterwards by fom of the officers, that MafTey was look'd upon as a profane man, and unfitt for a command, where all the congregation was holy. Thofe that know him, will give him a better certificate, and avow him to be a gentleman of a fair and unblameable converfation : and for his abilities, as a foldier, it were injurla virtu- tum^ kindof difcommendationto commend him. Let his own works praife him in the gates. But though he wears a good fword, he cannot bragg of the temper of it, Piut.Lacon. as Thearidas did, of his, that it is acutior Apoth. invidia, marper than envy. His fault was, that he was not of the faction, which they called the army j and therefore, paffing him by WALLER'S vi\ DICATIOX. by with a flurr, they com to this fallen conclufion, that if they might continue under their prefent Commanders in Chief, they would unanimoufly engage. Upon, the breaking up of the company we de- clared, that if any officers had a mind to apply themfelvs to us, we mould be ready to fatisfy them in all particularities con- cerning the fervice, Of all this we return'd an account to Darby-houfe, offering it to their confide- ratton, whether it might not be conve- nient for their Lordmips to recommend it to the Generall, that he would publiih fom fuch declaration, as we had formerly ten- dered to him, giving them the fubftance thereof, according to what is above men- tioned: which was fo well approved, that by their letter of the i8th of April 1647, they defired the General to put the faid advice in execution. Upon this importunity, the Ge- nerall caufed a letter to be drawn up, agree- able in the matter to what he before had G 3 delivered WALLER'S VINDICATION. delivered by word of mouth, and dire&ed it to the Colonells and Commanders in Chief, with order, that it mould be pub- limed, together with the votes of the Houfes unto their refpective regiments. But it was written in fuch a ftile (only as a defire, not as a command), that we could not but apprehend it would prove ineffec- tual : and fo much we fignified unto him. But his reply was, he hoped, it would ope- rate fully to our ends ; and that for the language of it, it was the fame he had ever ufed to his officers, which, as it had formerly, upon all occafions, found a ready obedience, fo he doubted not but it would meet with the like at that time. When we faw this was all we could get of him, we refolved to make trial how we could im- prove our talent, by our trading with the officers and fouldiers. For encouragement to the officers, we wrote to the Generall, April the 1 7th 1 647, to defire his order to the Treafurer of the army, WALLER'S VINDICATION. $7 army, that the accounts of all fuch as would engage for Ireland might be flated. We wrote likewife to the Deputy Trea- furer, April the i8th 1647, that from time to time, upon requefl made by the parties concerned, he mould give out certi- ficates unto them, of what was in arrear on their accompt, according to the efta- blifhment, and of what remained due unto them, by refpit on the publique faith. We made it alfo our fute to the Generall (when we gave him in the lift of thofe, with whom we had contracted, April 21, 1647) that, in regard thofe Gentleman had, by their forwardnefs and example, laid 1 a founda- tion of encouragement to the Irifli fervice, he would be pleas'd to give them all fitt countenance and refpect, whenfoever they fhould have an occafion of addrefs unto him. We gave free enterteinment to all that made us any rational propofition ; and to fpurr them on the better by hopes of preferment (which is the fouldier's whet- G 4 ftone) WALLER'S VINDICATION. flone) where we found the fuperior officer withdraw, we admitted the next in order to fupply his place. To quicken the fouldiers to a fpeedy refolution, we reprefented to the Com- mittee, that it might be an advantage to the fervice, if the Parliament would order the difbanding of all fupernumeraries, fuch as were neither referved upon the eftablifh- ment for this kingdom, nor difpofed for Ireland; whereby thofe that could not be taken on here (as few of the foot were likely to be) might be neceflitated with- out any long delays, to caft themfelves upon that employment, when they mould know there was no other choyfe left be- fore them, but either that way, or a dif- charge. We added our humble advife, in cafe fuch a refolution mould be taken, that there might be a timely provifion made of mony; leaft, otherwife, if the motion were made to difband, before there were an ability to make fatisfa&ion, we mould but WALLER'S VINDICATION. 89 but flirr ill humors, and not carry them away, which might produce an ill effect. And whereas three weeks pay was then fent down to the army, which, according to a fettled rule, was to be diftributed, half to the fouldiers to fupply their wants, and half to the country, to difcharge quarters; we propofed, that the moietie deligned for quarters, might be allowed to thofe foul- diers that would go for Ireland, as a mark of diftinction in point of favor to them, and in confideration both of the charge of their prefent march into remote quarters, and of the time that might be fpent in at- tending there, for the coming of their two months arrears, which might confume the whole proportion then to be received. We were the rather induced to offer this, be- caufe the fumme was but inconfiderable to the ftate, not exceeding three thoufand pounds, if allowed for the full number of eight thoufand fower hundred foot, and the country might have been fatisfied well enough 90 WALLER'S VINDICATION. enough for the prefent with tickets to be difcounted upon the fouldiers arrears. Whileft we were fitting thus, at the re- ceipt of cuftome, there wanted no endea^ vours to obftrudt our proceedings; in fome by undervaluing the employment, and fet- ting the mark of the beaft upon thofe that fhewed themfelvs willing to engage in it ; in others, by conniving at thofe ill offices, or (which was worfe) queftioning them but ilightly. When thefe little policies would not ferve the turn, it was thought fitt, the Generall mould be gon, in regard his prefence feemed to be of fo much ufe to our negotiation ; whereby we fhould have been left to the fower winds to take our fortune in a difcontented headlefs armie. But before they could fpring that mine, the Generall was defired, by a letter from Darby-houfe of the 1 8th of April 1647, to refpite his journey till our bufinefs were tranfa&ed. Upon this failer, the next de- figne was to cutt off our line of communica- tion WALLER*S VINDICATION. 9 1 tion with the officers and fouldiers, as par- ticularly in the cafe of Colonell Lillburn's regiment, where, after we had affigned quarters to fo many companies thereof, as had taken enterteinment for Ireland, under Colonel Kempfon, t command was given they mould forthwith remove into Suffolk, clean out of the road of their march, and to a further diftance from us. But we in- terpoied in it, and prevailed, that they fhould proceed in their way towards Chef- ter, in order to their tranfportation. April the 21 ft, after the Generall was gon to London (for longer he would not flay, notwithftanding that fignification from Darby-houfe), an attempt was made to withdraw thofe fouldiers of Colonell Kempfon's from the fervice, and to put them into mutiny, by one Enfigne Nichols, an officer under Colonell Lilburnj who coming into their quarters (where they lay feparate from the body of the army, by order),^there took upon him to publifh the petition 92 WALLER'S VINDICATION. petition formerly decried by the Parlia- ment, provoking them to demand their pay of their officers in a tumultuary way, and telling them, that if it were refufed, they might do well to return to Saffron Walden again ; and he would give advertizement thereof to the Generall, and they mould have both pay and quarter provided for them. But Captain Dormer (who com- manded thofe companies as Major) dif- creetly apprehended him, and took the pe- tition and other papers from him, letting us know, that he kept him under guards, until we mould fend him further directions* Whereupon, weighing the dangerous con- fequence of fuch an example, and foraf* much as the fact was committed within the quarters of the Irifh forces, we con- ceived, upon a juft ground, that as we had authority to draw thofe forces off, and to difpofe them into diftind: regiments and quarters from the body of the army ; fo we had like wife power to take cognifance of WALLERS VINDICATION. 93 of fuch a mifdemeanour, relating to that fervice within thofe quarters. And, there- fore, in that abfence of the General!, we gave orders to have the faid Enfigne fent up to London to the Committee at Darby- houfe for the affairs of Ireland, to anfwer the offence there; which was accordingly performed; and upon the report of the bufmefs to the Houfe, he was committed by a fpecial order, and thofe that brought liim up in cuftody were rewarded. The iffue of all our negotiation was this, that notwithstanding all interruptions and oppo- litions divers of the officers relating to ten troops of horfe, and fifty companies of foot, were drawn to declare their refolution to engage in the Trim fervice, 'upon the con- ditions propounded by the Parliament; and this account, in ter minis, we gave in unto the Houfe in our report, without any fallacies or equivocations. They that would dive for a further conftruclion out of thofe plain terms, as if we had meant, that fo many 94 WALLER'S VINDICATION. many entire troops and companies had actually engaged, did but raife the mud, and obfcure the fenfe of what we delivered. This was the conclulion of our fecond, and laft employment ; and how any thing in all this tranfaction could be fcrewed up to the lignification of an evil defigne, either to break the army, by drawing thofe forces from it, or to obftruct the relief of Ireland, by haftning thofe forces to it, when we acted nothing in reference to either, but according to the ordinance of Parliament, and the inftru&ions of the Committee, I leave to any impartial eye in the world to Plin. Nat. j u ^ge. And thus, as F. Cresinus (when Hvft. 1. xviii. * r , - ., . . ,. . c.6, he was accufed upon a lufpicion of for- cery, as if he had bewitched his neigh- bour's grounds, and charmed the fertility of the foil into his own land), to clear himfelf brought his (hovels, and fpades, and mattocks, with him into the Court, to fhew that his pains and induftry were all the fpells he ufed; I have in Hke man- ner WALLER'S VINDICATION. 9$ ner thought fitt, to bring in thefe parti- cular pafTages for evidence, that I have not endeavoured to fafcinate, or blaft the ho- nour of the army by any bafe mifreports ; nor ufed any indirect means, to draw away the ftrength thereof from it ; but that I have in a juft and fair way taken pains (to- gether with thofe noble worthy perfons) to a& according to my orders and inftruc- tions : And the LORD GOD of GODS, the LORD GOD of GODS knoweth, and I de- fire the world may know, that in all thofe proceedings, I have gon on plainly and overtly; and according to that old cere- mony (in ufe when they facrificed to ho- nour), without veils or maflts. If there piut. Rom were any cajolerie or juggling in the buli- nefs, it was upon their account, that pre- tended a great zeal to the advancement of the fervice, and yet, at the fame time, pof- feffed the fouldiers with anaverfationagainft it, bidding them flick to their arrears, and telling them, the defign for Ireland was but 96 WALLER'S VINDICATION. was but a trick to break the army. They might juftly be faid, to hinder relief to that poor kingdome, that engaged the fouldiers to declare, that what perfon foever mould be employed in command, they would not fUrr, until they were firft righted in their fumes and fancies; that colhiered fuch officers as had mewed a forwardnefs to that employment, and fell into their quar- ters that were drawn off from the army, in order to their march for Ireland ; taking away their colours, difarming them, and bringing them back again by force ; that kick'd and beat others out of the field, and particularly a Major of foot at a public rendezvous, before the General's own face, upon no other ground of exception, but that he had exprefled a fair inclination to that fervice. But I forbear; my prefent tafk leading me rather to clear my own innocency, then to prove others criminal. If in the way of this I may feem to have mewed any afperity, it is acefum ex vino dulct, WALLER'S VINDICATION. 97 dulci> the fharpnefs of truth : and I (hall defire no other charity to pardon it, but iCor.xiii.6. that which (according to St. Paul's cha- racter), rejoyceth in truth. The next thing, which I meet with objected againft me, is, that I mould be acceflary to thofe afTaults, and almoft bat- teries, that were made upon the houfes by the reformado's, fouldiers, and apprentices; I affect not recriminations, where, for th& moft part, the point in ilTue is but to prove, who is worft. But I muft crave leave to wonder at the ftrength of their completion, that offer to fling the firft flone at me for this, who in the fame kind are tranfcendently guilty themfelves ; who have invaded the city, fet guards upon the Parliament, made it unvote itfelf, im- prifoned, fecluded, and driven away the members, broken the Houfe of Commons, diflblved the Houfe of Lords, and over- turn'd, overturn'd, overturn'd our all. If thofe actions have tended to affert the H honour i ' 98 WALLER'S VINDICATION. honour and freedome of the Parliament, and to vindicate it from force and violence, they may be reckon'd, with the fquare of Ariftot. the circle, inter fc ibilia, qua nonfciuntur. What have I now don, in comparifon of them ? Is not the gleaning of their grapes, farr beyond my vintage ? But I mall make no comparifon; becaufe, there is none, between fomthing, and nothing. I utter- ly deny, that I ever had the leafl hand, either in deligning, or ading any of thofe forcible attempts, and I mall not in this bear record of myfelf ; but appeal to thofe, that have known me from the beginning of that long fatal Parliament, and before I had the honour to fit in it, when I was but a ftander by, and a looker-on upon the world (as Pythagoras fliled himfelf), a free, difinterefied perfon, who can witnefs, and be my compurgators, how much at all times I have abhorred the practife of that .popular magick if (I may fo call it), thofe curious arts of conjuring up fpirits, fom- times 6 WALLER'S VINDICATION, 99 times in blue aprons, fometimes in white ribbands, to awe, and enforce the Houfes, as fatal in their iflue, both to the publick, and to the charmers themfelvs j who (let them charme never fo wifely) do many times run the hazard of Pope Benedict- the Ninth, to be torn in pieces by the fpirits of their own railing. I fhall prefume to name, Mr. Speaker, the Mailer of the Rolls, as in this particular my compurgator, who can teflify in my behalf, that upon a cer- tain Lord's day at night, I gave him notice, at his houfe, of a combination of divers difcontented reformado's to affront him, and difturbe the Houfe j and that by my interpolation the defigne was prevented; and I muft acknowledge the right he did me in acquainting the Houfe with it, and the favourable notice which thereupon the Houfe was pleafed to take of it. Nay, I might fafely appeal to the whole Houfe. (with a wifh, I would they were fitting), how ready I have been, upon all occafions H2 Of JOO of this unhappy nature, to employ my en^- deavours. Witnefs that tumult (among others),when the reformado's,andfouldiers, were gathered together at the door of the HouJfe of Commons, and lock'd it, threat- ning the members, in an infolent manner, if they had not prefent fatisfaction given them. It then pleafed the Houfe to com- mand Mr. Hollis, Sir Philip Stapleton, and myfelf, to go out unto them, and we were the only inftruments to pacify them. For that bulinefs of the apprentices, wherein (according to the charities of that time") fom perfons would have been glad to fatten a guiltinefs upon me, I mall fhortly repeal what came to my know- ledge bf it ; and I fhall never go about to brave GOD, with telling a lye, for fear of offending man with telling a truth. It fell out in the time, when, by reafon of the impetuofity of the army, both I, and divers other gentlemen of the Commons, had public leave to withdraw ourfelves, for the prevention WALLER'S VINDICATION. 101 prevention of that force, that threatned the Parliament through our fides, the parti- cularities whereof will better appear in the following difcours. But as to this matter, the firft air thereof, that, to my remem- brance, I ever received, was from a friend of minde (about a fortnight, or three weeks before any thing was publickly known, or a nor how willingly and con- tentedly I quitted my employment (for that may be interpreted by fome as an aft of paffion; or, at the beft, of no merit : I did but what I ought to have done). But the uTue will be, what my actions are and have been, in reference to the following troubles* To clear that I muft be enforced to look back again, as farr as to the con- clufion of the above mentioned lail report from Saffron Waldon, and to refume that narrative of the paiTages between the army and WALLER'S VINDICATION* III and Parliament j whereby, I hope, I mall make it appear evidently, that the Parlia- ment was neceffitated to put on a pofture of defence again ft the treacherous and in- iidious attempts of the army (I mean the party that acted it), and that I did nothing but by order, and in order to that defence. So that there can ly no crime again ft me, but that I was obedient and fubfervient to the Parliament; of which, if I had not been guilty, it had been a crime. I mall do this briefly, and in a coafting way, not troubling myfelf to put into every little creek; but obferving only the principal capes and inletts of this fatal difference. The Parliament having taken the report aforefaid (made by Sir John Clotworthy and myfelf) into confideration, and iigni- fy'd their acceptation of our poor endea- vours to do them fervice, was much di- vided, with the fenfe of thofe divifions in the army, between joy and grief. They could not but fett their hearts (with joy) upon ill WALLER'S VINDICATION, upon thofe officers and fouldiers that had declared themfelves willing to hazard their lives, in the high places of the field, againft the rebels of Ireland; in demonstration whereof, they immediately pafled whatfo- ever we had offered for their encourage- ment. On the other fide, they were not without great thoughts of heart, for the divifions of thofe that would neither ftirr abroad, nor be jftill at home. To reclaim their reftinefs, many things were propofed in a fpecial manner; care was taken to give them fatisfaction in the point of arrears and indemnity; and touching the laft, there was an ordinance palTed with further en- largements. But whileft this w&sfub incude, and not yet thorowly hammered, the Houfe re- ceived advertifement, that the army began to be haunted with apparitions, certain fpirits, and dominations, conjur'd up out of the body of the fouldiery, under the title of agitators; things never known before, in any WALLER'S VINDICATION. any army in the world, and now fet up, in confutation of Ecclefiaftes, to mew, that there might be a novelty under the fun. Their employment was for two ends, the one, to engage the common fouldiers in the defigne of the officers, and to incorpo- rate all in one and the fame interefl -, the other, to put on thofe defperate attempts, and, as wedges, to make way through thofe knots, where the great officers did not think jfitt to hazard their own finer hedges and points. The advantage of this was, that if any thing fucceeded not, it was difcharg'd upon the paffion and wildnefs of the foul- diers : if it took effect, thofe who were be- hind the curteine, and acted thofe puppets, had opportunity to improve all to their own ends. The firft publick notice that the Parliament had given them of this inven- tion (for it may be reckon'd among Pan- cirollus his nova repertaj, was upon the occafion of two letters, both dated the 3Oth of April, 1 647, and iigned by the agitators I of WALLER'S VINDICATION. of eight regiments of horfe, the one ad- dreffed to the Field Marfhall Skippon, the other to Lieutenant Generall Cromwell, and by them communicated to the Houfe. They were both but the fame in fubftance, mutatis mutandis, conteining a complaint of fome foxes (and I know not what kind of vermine) fuppofed to be protected by thofe who were intrufted with the govern- ment of the kingdome, and who having lately tafted of fovereinety, were degene- rated into tyrants. They protefted againft the fervice of Ireland, and all perfons that had engaged in it; and plainly declared, that whofoever fhould go in that com- mand, (though never fo faithfull) they muft fhew themfelvs averfe, untill their defires were granted, and (which was then a new ilyle), the juft rights and liberties of the fubjefts of England vindicated and mainteined. To give a flop unto thefe beginnings of ftrife, which otherwife, like a breach of waters, WALLER'S VINDICATION. J1 5 Waters, threatned to make way through all fluces and bounds ; it was refolved, That Ma X the 7 th 1647. the Field Marshall Skippon, Lieutenant Generall Cromwell, Commiffary Generall Ireton, and Colonel Fleetwood, mould be fent down to Saffron Walden, where the head- quarters were ftill continued, with inftru&ions to communicate the aforefaid votes concerning arrears, and the ordinance of indemnity to the army ; and to ufe their befl endeavours to allay diftempers, and to beget a clear underftanding between the army and the Parliament. At the firft convention of the officers, there was little done, more than in a preparatory way to the next meeting, a queftion demanded by fome of them, What was meant by the word Diftempers ? and anfwered (like Si- fera's mother) by themfelvs, that if it fig- nify'd grievances, they had then matter enough to offer. But yet, in regard it might feem a precipitate and irregular aft in them, to undertake to declare the fenfe I 2 Of ii6 WALLER'S VINDICATION. of the army, before they had confulted with it, they defired time for that, and for to make their report upon it, until the 1 4th of May following. This was clearly but fo much time loft, as to the bufmefs. For they confefs'd themfelvs they had the fluff already by, them, and might as well have cutt it out then as afterwards, if it had fo pleafed them. But it was for their credit that they mould feem not to lead, but to be driven, and put on by others, upon thofe reprefentations. And besides, in the gain of fo many days they had a good advantage to chafe, and heat the army thoroughly, to make it the more ductile, and pliant to further impreffions. At the next returne, when divers of the officers were ready to prefent the condi- tion of the forces, under their refpe&ive commands, in a fair and open way, accord- ing to their former orders from the Com- fioners ; it pleafed Colonel Lambert, and iom others, to interpofe, upon a pretence that WALLER'S VINDICATION. 117 that they were entrufted to draw up, and authorized to reprefent the grievances of the whole army; which being utterly dif- claimed by thofe gentlemen (as a thing without their privity, or any commiffion at all) the debate grew fo high, that affronts pafs'd between them, and there was a cry to withdraw, which if it iiad taken effecl:, would have produced a bloody iflue among them. This proceeding drew on that dif- fent, and protection of an hundred fixty- vindlcat. of feven officers, wherein they defired, that Colonel Lambert, and the reft of thofe pre- tended plenipotentiaries with him, might be made to mew what warrant they had to ingrofs into their hands the returns fent in from the feveral regiments, troops, or companies of the army; or what authority to vary in a fyllable from the fenfe of thofe thatemploy'd them; andprefTed, that thofe particular returns might be delivered in to the Commiffioners, and attefted before them, to the end they might be clearly and I 3 infallibly WALLER'S VINDICATION. infallibly informed of the true temper of the army, in every part thereof. The Field Marfhal at the firft carried himfelf in an equitable way, and declared his opinion upon the place, that nothing could pafs as the general fenfe of the army, fo long as there was fuch a diflenting party. But yet, neverthelefs, afterward coming to a Pilate temper, when he faw that he avayled no- things but that more tumult was made, he gave way to the impetuofity of Colonel Lambert, and that party; and proceeded to take their reprefentativebill of complaint into confideration. The firil (lone of offence that was flum- bled at was, the declaration of the Houfes againfl the petition; which, they faid, was but an application to their Generall for relief, in things meerly concerning them, as fouldiers, and no way condemnable. The next exception was at a report, that they mould invite the King to come unto them, with a promife to fet the crown upon his XVALLER'S VINDICATION. his head, which was interpreted then as a great fcandal. And laftly, it was ill taken, that it fhould be faid they had received fower thoufand of the King's fouldiers into theirarmy; whereas, among five and twenty thoufand horfe and foot, they had but one commirTioned officer that had ferved on that fide, and he came recommended unto them, by an authority derived from the Parliament. I mail fay nothing to their demands as fouldiers, in reference to the petition; but that their following actions have given fuf- ficient demon flration, how well they have kept themfelves within the circle of that duty. As for their exception to that re- port, concerning the King, by their good leave, it carried fome probability of a truth with it. For they might as well have in- vited him then, as they foon after com- pelled him to come to their feaft, which (after the manner of the Jews) was ac- company'd with a facrifice, wherein his 1 4 own I2O WALLER'S VIHDICATION. own royal perfon prov'd to be the oblation. What crowns and fceptres they promifed him Lieutenant Colonel Lillburne and Major Huntington have fufficiently Ihewn. For the point of that recruit out of the King's forces, poflibly they may have been wronged in the account of fower thoufand cavaliers, faid to have been taken on by them: though fome have reported, there were no lefs than five thoufand. But all that I mail take notice of in that kinde is, that when my Lord of Warwick, and the reft of us were at Waldon, upon the fore- mentioned employment, we had certain information given us by a grave minifter, that in one poor country village in Suffolk, upon the edge of Cambridgeshire (the place where he himfelf lived), of twenty fouldiers which were quartered there, there were no lefs then nineteen that had been in actual fervice agajnft the Parliament. And for that plea, that they had but one commiflloned officer in the army, that had been WALLER'S VINDICATION. 121 been on the King's lide, it doth not alter the cafe, but that with the allowance of nine hundred ninety-nine fouldiers, the difference may be reconciled. But who ever had wrong, I am fure the ftate had no right, ia the mufter roll of five and twenty thoufand horfe and foot, which were more by fower thoufand then were allowed by the eftablimment, and thofe taken on when the warr was at an end (without the confent or knowledge of the Houfes). It feems there was an end be- yond that end. The Field Marfhall having thus (con- trary to all reafon and confcience) given enterteinment to thofe caufelefs complaints, put a clofure to this meeting, with the publication of his intention to go for Ire- land, and delired the officers to acquaint the fouldiers with it, and to let them know what votes the Houfes hid pafs'd for their encouragement. At the third convention, the report was that both the votes 122 WALLER'S VINDICATION. votes and the refolution of the Field Mar- {hall had been communicated to the army* whereupon the fouldiers had chofen a Com- mittee of members feledted out of every troop and company of the army, which being aflembled at St. Edmundfbury in Suffolk, had refolved upon the queftion certain grievances, and tranfmitted them to the officers. That the officers, upon perufal of them, had put themfelvs into a grand committee, and digefted thofe fcaN tered returns into one orderly forme, which they befought the Field Marshal to prefent to the Parliament, as the common fenfe of the whole army. The reafon of their fingle application to him was, becaufe Lieutenant Generall Cromwell, and the reft of the Commiffioners, refufed to appear in the bufmefs, as being perfons interefted in, and relating to the army. The refult of all was, that diftemper in the army, there was none, as to that, omnla bme : But the grievances were thefe : Firft, that WALLER'S VINDICATION. 123 that they had not a conftant pay, to dif- charge quarters, whereby they were ren- der'd burthenfome and odious to the people. Secondly, that there was no courfe taken that they might have their debenturs be- fore they were difbanded. Thirdly, that the aft of indemnity (though fo often tried, and purified), was not yet perfected, as it mould be. Fourthly, that they were de- barred from petitioning, contrary to that right which was due unto them, both as fouldiers and Englimmen. Fifthly, they demanded a revocation of the ordinance againft the petition. Laftly, a reparation to be made for the commitment of Enfigne Nichols, a member of the army. Thefe were the particulars, wherein the army, as a Parliament, required fatisfaction of the Parliament ; of all which the Field Marlhal gave a fpeedy account to the Houfe, with an intimation, that he found the bufi- nefs harfh, and rugged, and in importance of WALLER'S VINDICATION. of it, exceeding all that he had yet met with. Upon this return, it was thought fitf, and refolved, that the Generall mould be defired to repair forthwith unto the army, to keep it the better in order ; and that a letter fhould be written to the Com- miffioners, to fend up any one, or two of their number, to make report of their pro- ceedings; the Field Marfhal only excepted, who was ordered to ftay there, for the better advancing of the fervice for Ireland, and to take off the fouldiers, from halting between two employments (whereby their humors were kept fHrring, and working), and to make them fettle upon a refolution either to go for Ireland, or to fit down quiet- ly at home with a difcharge : it was voted, that all the forces of the kingdome, not fubfcribing for the fervice of Ireland, fhould be difbanded (excepting thofe formerly ordered to be kept up for the maintenance of fuch garrifons as were to be continued) ; and WALLER'S VINDICATION. 125 and that it fhould be referred to the Com- mittee of Darby Houfe, to confider of the time, and manner of difbanding them. May the 21 ft the General took his jour- ney to Walden, and our commiflioners (all but the Field Marfhal), returned to London. The fame day, the Houfes (that they might {hew their preventing grace), before the report was made, parled the act of indem- nity, as fully and amply as could be in confcience defired, or in juftice devifed. Upon the report (which was but the fame, flourifhed into larger expreflions, with what I have delivered in few words, and as it were wound up in the bottom), they proceeded to thefe votes. Firft, that the fouldiers arrears mould be fpeedily audited, and a vifible fecurity given them for fo much of their arrears, as fhould not be paid ofFupon difbanding. Secondly, that an ordi- nance fhould be drawn up, to make good the declaration of both Houfes for ap- prentices of London, arid other ' corpora- tions, 126 WALLER'S VINDICATION. tions, to have their time allowed them, that had ferved in the warr for the Par- liament. Thirdly, that there mould be an ordinance, to exempt all fuch as had voluntarily ferved as fouldiers under the Parliament, from being prefTed to any for- reign fervice. And fourthly, that an or- dinance mould be pafTed, for providing fufficient maintenance for widows, and maimed fouldiers, and orphans in all the counties of the kingdome. All the pro- pofhions of the army being thus anfwered, the Houfes refolved to go through with their work, and not to make an end be- fore they had don. In order whereunto, they immediately apply'd themfelves to the raifing of moneys ; which was indeed the right way ; and without which all their votes, and orders, and ordinances, would have fignified very little, or nothing. In the mean time, the Committee at Darby-houfe went to work, as they were appointed by the above-mentioned vote, to 4 fettle WALLER'S VINDICATION. 127 * fettle the manner of difbanding ; and (not thinking it a bufinefs fit to be kept cold) without further delay. May the 25th made report, that the General's regiment of foot, as neereft in quarters, and firfl in order, (hould begin the example -, their rendez- vous to be at Chelmsford in EfTex ; where fo many of them as would engage for Ireland, mould be prefently taken on, and have a fortnight's pay advanced to them out of their fix week's pay, befides the two months of their arrears, with direction to march to Ingerflone, where they fhould receive further orders. Thofe that would difband, upon the delivering up their arms, to have two month's pay allowed them, and pafles to their homes. The like me- thod to be refpedively held with all the regiments in the army, both horfe and foot (excepting thofe referved upon the new eftablifhment), the money's to difcharge all this, ordered to be conveyed at the fame time, to the feveral places of rendezvous. Ta WALLER'S VINDICATION. To actuate thefe orders, the Earl of Wan* wick, the Lord de la Ware, Sir Gilbert Gerard, Sir Johii Potts, Mr. Grimftone, and Mr. Knightly were appointed Com- mirlioners by the Houfes, with inftrudtions, to affift Sir Thomas Fairfax in the difband- ing, and to publish in the head of every regiment (together with the votes lately pafled'), a declaration from the Parliament, in acknowledgment of their gallant and faithfull fervice, and to allure them, that there was no ill talent lodged towards them for any thing pafled. This civility was at the fame time realized, in the dif- charge of Enfign Nichols, and other of- ficers of the army, who flood accufed of mifdemeanours of a very high nature. The Generall, upon thefe advertifements, being extremely furprifed, and at a lofs, not knowing what to do, feeing things brought to fo neer a birth, called a council of warr the fame night that he received the intelligence, and with fuch privado's as WALLER'S VINDICATION; 129 as he had about him, takes a fuddain refo* lution to remove his head quarters from Walden to St. Edmund's Bury in Suffolk, and gave order to all the officers to meet him there, and to his own regiment to follow him thither; (a way, clean con- trary from the place afiigned for the dif- banding thereof). At this convention, for want of better employment, they voted down the votes of the Houfes, as un- fatisfactory ; and refolved to contract their quarters, in order to a general rendezvous, for a march 5 and to engage the army, they demanded a right againft thofe perfons, that had intended, and complotted to break it- (which is, by interpretation, to difband it according to the ordinance of Parlia- ment). This came to the Houfe, by a letter from the Generall, bearing date from St. Edmund's Bury, the 3Othof May 1647; about which time the Earle of Warwick, and the reft of the Commiffioners with him, certify'd to how little purpofe they K remained WALLER'S VINDICATION* remained at Chelmsford, luring after a regiment that had taken flight as far as Bury. Whereupon it was ordered, that both they and the Field Marihal (whofe ne- gotiation had been as fruitlefs, as their jour- ney to no end) fhould be recalled, and the money fent for the diibanding, returned. Thofefumms, that were carried toChelmf- ford, had the great good fortune to finde the way home again, but all that was fent to Oxford, notwithstanding the protection of the Parliament, was arrefted by thefouldiers. Thefe proceedings put the Houfe into great perplexity: for remedy whereof divers expedients were offered -, fome were for vigorous counfails, as in fuch a cafe, not only the mofl honourable, but the moil fafe; others were of different opinions, according to their feveral complexions, or interefts. But the Field Marfhal, being then prefent, was look'd upon by moft, as likelyeft to fitt an advice, fuitable to the conftitution of the army, who had fo lately taken WALLER*S VINDICATION. taken the meafure of it. He thereupon (with a great deal of gravity) making re* port of all the foremen tioned paflages, in the conclufion deliver'd his judgment, that it would be beft, to follow moderate coun- fails, and to comply with the prefent paf- fion of the fouldiers, which, having open way given to it, might pofiibly fpend it- felf j but, being obflrufted, would fwell and rife higher, to the ruine of all that lay before it. This coming from a perfon fo knowing, and fo known, in an unhappy hour, fway'd the Houfe; though not with- out a prognofticating apprehenfion in many, that in handling thefe nettles fo gently, we mould but fling our own fingers in the end. In purfuance of this advice, it was re- folved, Firft, that an ordinance mould be brought in, to authorize, and make good in law, the alignment of debentures, and to give protection to fuch officers, as were attending upon committees of accounts, K 2 that WALLER'S VINDICATION. that they might not be lyable to arrefts for debt, during the time of that attendance ; provided it did not exceed two months. Secondly, that fuch officers, as were in prifon, mould have their accounts firft audited; and their arrears firft paid. Third- ly, that fuch officers, as could not attend the perfecting of their accounts, mould leave them in the hands of the committee, the Houfe declaring, that they would do with them, in their abfence, as they would do with others in that cafe. Fourthly, that the committee mould perfect, and difpatch the accounts of the officers of the king- dom, and returne them to the Houfe, fo foon as they were perfected. Fifthly, that the common fouldiers mould have all their arrears, deducting for free quarters, accord- ing to the ordinary rates of the army. Sixthly, that the fubordinate officers, not in commiffion, mould have the like. Se- venthly, that the commuTionate officers of the army mould have one month's pay more, WALLER'S VINDICATION. 133 more, added to the two month's pay for- merly voted. Eighthly, that a letter mould be written to the Generall to give him an account, what the houfe had don, in fatif- fadtion to the army, defiring him to con- tine his care to preferve the army in order, and under difcipline, that there might be no difturbance. Ninthly, there was ten thoufand pounds ordered, to fatisfy the prefent neceffity of the officers, and foul- diers, whofe accounts were either dated, or ftating, to be advanced upon the credit of the moitie of the competitions at Gold- fmith's Hall, and payed to the committees, where Colonel Birch, and Mr. Goodwin, had the chair, to be by them diftributed in fuch proportions, as thofe two committees (who were joyned as to that bufinefs) mould think fitt. And laftly, that the de- claration againft the petition mould be razed out of the journals of the Houfes ; which was accordingly performed in both K 3 to l+ WALLER'S VINDICATION* to the huge diminution of the honour of them both. And now the parliament might have Ifai v P ut t ^ ie ^ ue ^* on %y id faciendum amplius? What more could have been don for the army, that was not don ? There was no- thing of difference left, except (like the Sen. dc ira tefty Mtius, they would have been angry, becaufe they had no caufe to be angry. But this overflowing grace, which mould have meliorated, and improved them, and have made them yield fruits worthy of amendment, did (like the Nilus, when it rifeth too high) breed a fterility, and make thofe degenerate plants unproductive of any thiu?, but the wilde grapes of rebel- lion, and difobedience. For infteed of being led to repentance by this goodnefs, they grew wanton and infolent upon it, interpreting all thefe conceffions, but as fo ciany demonftrations of fear and pulilla- nimity ; and thereupon took new courage, and WALLER'S VINDICATION. 135 and refolved to follow their point. And whilfl the Houfes, for their further fatif- fa&ion were bufied in pafling the ordi- nance of indemnity again, with new ad- 4 Jun. 1647. ditions (as if they had thought, that nothing but too much, could be enough for them), they were as bufily employ 'd in carrying on their mines, and laying their trains, to blow up the Houfes. I mufl flill repeat my defire, to be clearly underflood, that I fpeak not in this of the whole body of the army, without diftinc- tion, or regard of perfons ; but only in re- ference to the fuperior officers, and their party ; who, doubting how farr thofe con- defcentions might operate upon the foul- diers, and not confident of their ftrength in the Houfe of Commons, and the city, took a bold refolution, to feife upon the perfon of the King at Holdenby j that where their fox-furr would not hold out, they might be able to piece it out with the lion's fkin j whereby upon occafion, K-4 not 136 WALLER'S VINDICATION.' only to make ufe of his Majefty's abfent prefence (like Alexander's empty chair) to give countenance to their proceedings j but likewife to ingratiate themfelvs, both with his party, by feeding them with airy hopes (the pooreft diet in the world), that they would reflore him to his crown and dig- nity $ and with the city, by putting them into an expectation that they would bring him unto his Parliament, whereby their trade and cuftome would be revived again : fo becoming all things to all to gain their own ends. This egg was laid, in Lieutenant Ge- nerall Cromwell's own chamber, and brood- ed between him, and Commiffary Generall Jreton; but they were too wife to cackle ; >uod tnovet, quiefcit. Cornet Joyce was employed, as the man to hatch it; who, having receiv'd his orders from the Lieu- tenant Generall, firft to make fure of the garrifon aUDxford, and the gunns and am- munition there j and then to march to Holdenby, WALLER'S VINDICATION/ 137 Holdenby, in purfuance of the former ad- vice, did (like a man of his trade) go through fKtch with his bufinefs. To lay a fmooth oyl upon the face of this treafon, there was a neceffity pretended in it, that it was to anticipate and prevent a plott, faid to be contrived by a malignant party in the Houfe of Commons, whereby the King mould have been remov'dfrom Hol- denby, either to fome place of ftrength, or into the head of another army, or brought up to London, by Colonel Graves, by the advice of the commiffioners there, who, for fo doing, would have adventured to caft themfelvs upon the favourable con- ftruction of the Parliament. All this was mere fiction and poetry, but it ferved their turne well enough for the prefent, who were fo confcientious, that rather then fuch a wicked act (as to feife upon the King) mould be done by others, they would do it themfelvs. Of this force his Majefly gave adver- tifement, WALLER'S VINDICATION. tifement to both the Houfes, by the Earl of Dunfermlin; which was received with a fad aftonimment, and not without a prog- noftication of thofe fatal efFeds which have iince enfued. In the mean time, the Ge- nerall, and fuperior officers, difclaimed thofe villanous proceedings, and warned their hands in innocency, and none but the mad-headed fouldier bore the blame. So Var. among the Athenians, when a facrifice was viii. 2. Jlain, the priefts and affiftants were free from the blood of it, and nothing found guilty but the fword that did the execu- tion. For the Generall (who was but too innocent), I am clearly of opinion that he was a ftranger to this dcfigne. For when Joyce his letter came to him at Keinton, acquainting him with the removal of the King, and letting him know that he was upon his march with him towards New- market, he was difpleafed at it, and told the CommirTary Generall Ireton, that he did not like it, demanding who gave thofe orders^ WALLER'S VINDICATION. 139 orders; and the CommifTary acknowledged, that he gave them ; but it was only for fe- curing the King there, and not for the taking him away from thence. But the Lieutenant Generall coming then from London (from whence he was fecretly ftoFn, after he had publickly, in the Houfe of Commons, difclaimed all intelligence with the army, as to their mutinous pro- ceedings, and invoked the curfe of GOD upon himfelf, and his poflerity, if ever he ihould joyne, or combine with them, in any actings or attempts contrary to the orders of the Houfe), he owned the bufi- nefs, and that was enough to flop his mouth. The fame day, Cornet Joyce being told, that the Generall was difpleafed with him for bringing the King from Holden- by, anfwered, that Lieutenant Generall Cromwell gave him order at London for all that he had don, either there or at Ox- ford, But once, whether the woman did it, or the WALLER'S VINDICATION. the ferpent, however it fell out, neither the Generall, nor his officers, would be fo uncivil, as to offer to undo what others had done. They were, by no means, con- fenting to the felony; but yet very willing to receive the purchafe; and refolutetokeep it too, notwithftanding the demand of the Parliament to the contrary. For evidence of this, the Generall himfelf, in his letter to the Houfe of Commons, undertook to be the keeper of his Majefly's head, to preferve him from danger, and to prevent any mifchief that might fall out by a new warr (a new word, then minted, but after- ward of great ufe), protefting, both for himfelf and the army, that they had no other defire, then to fee a firme peace fet- tled, and the liberty of the people vindi- cated and cleared: and if they might meet with a publick concurrence in thefe things, it would be a great encouragement to a cheerfull, and unanimous difbanding. The clofe of all was, an aflurance that whatever might might be fuggefted or fufpected, the army was neither oppolite to the Prefbyterian, nor partial to the Independent, nor fond of a licencious government, for the advantage of parties or interefts -, but left all to the wifdome of the Houfe. The Parliament was now (if I may fpeak it with reverence) fomthing in the condi- tion of Balaam, intranced with their eyes Numb. open: they faw, with a fad aftonifhment, that all their retractions and compliances had ferved to no other end, but to give the fouldiers knowledge of their weaknefs; and that this knowledge (inftead of a better edification) had but puff'd them up in their demands, and given them the prefumption to put the fword into the fcales, with a <%uid nifi dolor viffis? In thofe perplexities, as in troubled waters, the more we ftirr, the lefs we fee, Obfcuraq moto Reddita forma lacu eft. The 142 WALLER'S VINDICATION. The more the Houfes troubled themfelvs with thinking, the lefs they knew what to think. But it was truly faid, Once out, and ever out. Semel turbatis conjiliis, multt deinceps fequuntur errores. They had been already diverted out of the way of honour by dough-bak'd' counfails, and now they \vere engaged in a low way (which is com- monly the dirtieft) they mufl plunge through it as well as they could. To help themfelvs out of the mire, they agree to fend new commiffioners to addulce, and fweeten the army, and to charme it, as much as might be, into the circle of obe- dience. The perfons employ'd were the Earle of Nottingham, the Lord de la Ware, Sir Henry Vane the younger, the Field Marfhal Skippon, Mr. Sea wen, and Mr. Pory; (fome of thefe intimate cabalifls with the fuperior officers of the army). Their inftru&ions were to publifh the foremen- tioned votes in the head of the army, and to WALLER'S VINDICATION, 143 to perfuade difbanding ; this to be done at a general rendezvous appointed upon New- market Heath. But before they could come thither, the army (upon this intelligence) had faved them fo much labour, and was advanced to a rendezvous at Triplo, five miles from Cambridge, and nearer London, towards which they now began to caft a fquinting eye. By the way, at Cambridge, they kept a faft, ad contentionem & jurgium. Is it Ifai> V1U - fuch a fail that GOD hath chofen ? Is it not ttiilttrjtyiffttttfti Diabolicum, to faft from meat (the devils eat nothing) to ruminate on mifchief ? Can there be a greater wick- ednefs, then to make GOD an accefTary to Pfal.l, 21 wickednefs, as if he were fuch a one as themfelves ? But the Commiffioners from the Parliament mett them there, and faw their pious impieties ; and they had their reward. The next day the army was drawn up in a large meadow ground, within four miles of Royfton; where the 4 votes WALLER'S VINDICATION. votes were publickly read, and feconded by the Field Marmal with a Ihort fpeech, to make them go down the better. An- fwer was made by an officer of the Ge- nerall's regiment of horfe, that it was de- fired they might have liberty to perufe the votes, and return their fenfe by fome of the officers and agitators deputed to that pur- pofe ; whereunto fome of the fouldiers, to fignify their concurrence, acclaimed, All, All; and after (according to their leflbn), Juftice, Juftice' ! And this was the no-end of that day's work, the army from thence marching to their quarters in and about Royfton. Upon this advance the city of London began to take alarm, and to fret at the voi- linage of fuch a diftemper'd multitude, likely (befides other mifchiefs) to lick up all provifions round about them, as an oxe licketh up the grafs of the field; which unto fo vaft a populacy, fo divided in itfelf, and in a dead time of trade, was extremely confiderable. WALLER'S VINDICATION. 145 confiderable. To prevent all inconve- niencies, it was ordered by the Houfes upon a petition from the city, that the army fhould approch no nearer to London then, fourty miles ; and letters were directed to the Generall, to that efFed. But whilfl thefe things were under deliberation, the Generall had difpach'd up a fummons to the city, (it was no other in effect), dated from Royfton, the i oth of June 1 647, and figned by himfelf, and twelve field officers; where- in they reprefented themfelvs under a double notion, as fouldiers and as Englifh- men ; as fouldiers, they confefled they were limited to their former demands; but as Englimmen, they claimed a further lati- tude to inquire into the government of the ftate, and the liberties of the fubjecl: (as if the Parliament had been out of office, and not habilitated to take cognifance of fuch matters. This diftinction was never coined by Scotus nor Aquinas; but ow's itfelf to Lieutenant Generall Cromwell, who made L good 146 WALLER'S VINDICATION. good u/e of it to the agitators, as an engine to fcrew them up to heighten their demands, and who offer'd it to the King as a ground of perfuafion, to induce him to hearken to the defires of the army, and to entertein a treaty with them upon their propofals. But by the way, it puts me in mind of a ftory of a country fellow in Germany, who fe- ing the Lord of the town where he lived, mew himfelf in the field, in arms, in the morning, and in the church in his pontifi- cals in the evening, demanded the reafon, and being told that it was to fignify his double capacity, the one as a temporal lord, the other as an ecclefiaftick or church- man, he defired to know whether the ec clefiaftic could be a faint, when the tem- poral lord was a devil ; and whether in one capacity he could find the way to Heaven, when he mould be fent to hell in the other. I do not know, but a man might have afk'd thofe Gentlemen, that profefs'd themfelvs fouldiers and Englifhmen, and made them- felvs WALLER'S VINDICATION." 147 felvs lords and churchmen, whether the Englishman can preferve his honour, when the fouldier hath forfeited his faith ? Whe- ther the Englimman can avow the ufurpa- tion of mafterfhip over the Parliament, when the fouldier is a fervant to it ? As to the fortune of thofe gentlemen in the next world, who held this opinion, I fay nothing but that it is well if they come to have good quarters there. But to go 'on with the letter. They made great profeflions, that they defired to alter nothing in the civil government, nor to interrupt the fettlement of the Prelby- terian difcipline, nor to open a way to any unbridled liberty of confcience; though they could wifh that every man of a peace- able and blamelefs converfation, and that were beneficial to the commonwealth, might have liberty and encouragement, (which is no other in plain Englifh, but that any man might hold any opinion, though never fo impious, as long as he L 2 ufed WALLER'S VINDICATION. ufed a good trade, and kept the peace: by which rule the church would come to be governed, like Fryer John's Colledge in Rabelias, by one general ftatute, Do what you lift. - ' Ridente dicere verum. Quid vetat ? Thofe, they faid, were their modefl defires, for the obteining whereof they were draw- ing near the city, without any intention to do hurt to it, and rather then any evil mould befall it, they would be their bul- wark, and the fouldiers fhould make their way through their blood. The conclufion was a flat menace of ruine, and deftruction, if they fhould offer to take up arms in op- pofition to, or hindrance of thofe their juft undertakings. This letter being prefented to the Par- liament by the citizens, was infleed of a reveille, to rouze them up to look about them, and to prepare for action, letting them plainly fee there was nothing to be gained WALLER'S VINDICATION. *49 gained by ftcoping -to the army, but to be trampled under foot by it ; and that now they mufl refolve either to do, or fuffer. Whereupon, that they might be in a fitting pofture, either to repell force with force ; or otherwife to fall, like that Roman fenate, i Junii, 1647. with honour, and to fett clear in their low- eft condition, they ordered, that there fhould be a Committee of Safety appointed to be joyned with the citizens, for advice concerning their common prefervation. They ordered fome forces to be raifed 5 and things were putting into an handfome preparation. But the army partly in the city, fore- feeing how ruinous, an'd deftructive, the profecution of this way would be, to the carrying on of their ckligne, immediately interpofed, upon fair and fpecious pretences of preventing mifunderftandings,and faving of further effufion of bloud; and fo farr prevailed in the Common Council, that they perfuaded them, to return a foft^and L 3 gentle WALLER'S VINDICATION. gentle anfwer (with the approbation of the Parliament) unto the afore&id letter ; and engaged them to fupplicate the Houfes, that they would take into their fpeedy confideration, the juft defires of the army, and apply fuch remedies unto them, as fhould be thought fitt. They likewife obtained, that Alderman Fowke, Alder- man Gibbs, and fome others joyned with them, mould repaire with all expedition to the army (as commiffioners from the city) to prefent their anfwer to the Gene- rall ; and to give, and receive fuch further fatisfaction, concerning the matter con- teined therein, as occalion mould require. The fcope of the anfwer was this; that they acknowledged, the former good fer- vices of the army, and thanked them for their profeffion, not to acl: any thing to the prejudice, either of the Parliament, or city. But yet, neverthelefs, in regard this, ap- proach might of itfelf give occafion, to in- creafe the price of vi&uall, and give op- portunity WALLER'S VINDICATION. 151 portunity to difcontented perfons, to raife tumults, and diforders; they defined the army would forbear quartering, within thirty miles of the city. They protefted againft all thoughts of levying a new warr; and declared, that that pofture of defence, whereinto they had putt them- felvs, by direction of the Parliament, was not in oppofition to, or hindrance of the juft defires of the army; (which they had recommended in their humble addrefs to the Houfes), but only to defend the Par- liament, and themfelvs, againft any un- lawful! violence; appealing to GOD, and to the prefent and future generations to judge between them. This letter, and the defires of the citi- zens, were offer'd to the Parliament by Alderman Fowke, and were aflented to 12 Junii, 1647. The Houfe not think- ing it fitt to conteft with thofe, by whome (as the cafe then flood), they were to fub- fift. If the foundations fail, what can the L 4 beft WALLER'S VINDICATION. beir, men do ? But hereby the party of the army received an huge encouragement, and indeed gained their end -, which was no other, then to retard, and flacken their preparations for defence. There is nothing fo mortall to active counfells, as to fufFer them to take cold in their birth, To fpeak a fad truth, the deflruction of the Parlia- ment was from itfelf, by an equal failer in their proceedings, both at the firft, when they began to queilion the officers, and in the clofe of this unhappy bulinefs, when they began to put themfelvs into a de- fenfive pofture. For, if either they had gone roundly to work with theie gentle- men, when they had them at the barr be- fore them, to difpofe of them as they pleafed, they had crufhed the cockatrice in the egg or if now they had gon through with their refolution, to maintein their honour with their fwords in their hands, and had declared in a gallant free way a- gainil thofe rebellious practifes, and actings, that 10. WALLER'S VINDICATION. that would have infallibly ftrengthened the hands of the citizens, and reformados; and rendred all the fulminations of the army brutifh, and infignificant. Either way, they might have given fufficient demon- flration of their vertue and courage; which, jn the true nature of it, mould be (accord- ing to that riddle of the fliadow in Athe- nasus) in ortu, & interitu maxima, in the Athen. Dip. nos, 1. fifing, and fetting of dangers mofl confpi- c. 19. cuous. But the Houfes, by this unfeafon- able tendernes, and refervation, keeping themfelvs upon a faluting pofture, when they could have prefented, and been ready to give fire, cooled the metall of thofe that were beft affe&ed to their fervice, with a juft doubt, in what way to ac"fc againft thofe as enemies, who (for ought they yet knew) might be owned as friends; and at laft, they brought that dampe upon themfelvs, that putt out the light in their own counfells. When the light went out, Leander drowned. Mufeus. All WALLER'S VINDICATION. All this while there was not one word returned from the army, in anfwer to the letters and votes published at Triplo Heath. It feems, the fons of Anak looked upon the poor Lords and Commons but as fo many grafhoppers fitted to be walked over, then regarded. Their anfwer was, an advance ; and then, the Generall took the pains to certify the Houfes, that (very unluckily), before the receipt of their letters, forbidding him to approche nearer then fourty miles unto the city, he was en- gaged upon his march to St. Albans, and could not handfomely face about -, but he doubted not to give a good account of his actions. In the mean time, a month's pay (the wages of unrighteoufnefs), was defired to be fent fpeedily to the army, that they might not be burthenfome to the country, by taking free-quarter, with a kinde pro- mife not to draw nearer then twenty miles to London, without firft giving the Par- liament notice thereof. This was a pure fcoine WALLER'S VINDICATION. fcorne. There is nothing more miferable in mifery. Quam quod ridiculos homines facit. But the bramble was now grown fo high, that a fire mufl confume the cedars of Lebanon, if they would not put thernfelves under his umbrage. To countenance thefe excentrick and irregular motions, there were, about this time, feveral petitions tendred to the Generall (the copies whereof were fent up to the lloufes by the Com- mifiioners), which defired the army might not difband, until the public grievances of the kingdom were redrefled, juflice exe- cuted, and peace fettled. They were re- ported to come from the counties of Eflex, Northfolk, and Suffolk, but known to be framed in the army, and were attefted only by a few inconfiderable hands privatly gained by the brokerage of fom indepen- dent factors ; and fo they edified little, and caught none but thofe that were in the trapp before. That which moft perplexed the Parliament, was, the uncertainty (after all WALLER'S VINDICATION. all thofe hoverings) where the army would fix, and upon what demands they would finally infift. To found this, Sir Thomas Widrington, and Colonel White, were fent to the Quarters, as additional Commifiion- crs, with inftruclions to ufe the beft ways and means they could, to difcover what their particular deflgnes were, and what would at laft give them a full fat is faction. In the mean time, the Houfes had notice of intentions of putting the king into the head of the army j not for his fafety, free- dome, or honour, but only to make him a ftale, to deceive people with and to facili- tate their reception into the city. Where- upon to prevent all inconveniencies, and (if poffible) to free his royal perfon out of their pawes, who plaid with him only with an intent to devour him at laft, there was an order fent of the I5th of June, 1647, to require the Generall to deliver his Ma- jefty unto the Commiffioners formerly ap- pointed to receive him at Newcaftle, or to. any WALLER'S VINDICATION. 57 any three of them, who mould conduct him to Richmond> and attend him there, under the gard of Colonel Roffiter, with his regiment, whereby alfo (belides that rnoft important confideration of his fecu- rity) the Houfes might be in a better capacity, at fo near a diftance* to prefent their humble addrefTes unto him, in order to a fpeedy fettlement of affairs. But the officers of the army had provided afore- hand againft this trick (like good gafnefters that confider what cards are againft them, and accordingly play their own game), for they had been importunate with the King, to procure his confent to ftay with them, engaging their bodies and fouls to do him fervice $ and finding his averfnefs from them, and his determina- tion to clofe (if poffibly he could) with the Parliament; and being efpecially moved with that expreflion of his, that he would go to receive the addrefles of his two Houfes, according to their invitation of him; 1^8 WALLER'S VINDICATION. him; and if any mould prefume to lay hold upon his bridle to ftop him, he would endeavour to make it his laft ; to make all fure, they kept continual gards upon him, JEm\l. Prob. as if, according to that expreffion of An- in Eumenc. . . ... r tigonus, concerning the guarding or Jbu- Hienes, he had been a lion or an elephant; and to prevent any attempt that might be made to refcue him, they kept likewife good out-guards ; fo fecuring him, that they needed not to fear the lofing of him, or his being taken from them. And this ftrictnefs was continued, untill the coming down of the forementioned votes, fignify- ing the compliance of the Parliament with the deiires of the army : for then, and never till then his Majefty began to incline an ear to the follicitations of Lieutenant Generall Cromwell, and CommifTary Gene- rail Ireton ; whereupon there was a fair refped: put on towards him, as to a perfon now likely to be gained to their party. In this conjuncture, to amufe the Houfes, and WALLER*S VINDICATION; 159 and to give them other bufinefs to think on, there was fent up a letter accompany'd with a declaration, of the i5th of June, from the army, boldly requiring, Firft, that the Houfe of Commons .might be fpeedily purged of fuch as ought not to fitt there. Secondly, that fuch perfons as abufed the Parliament and army, and en- dangered the kingdome might be fpeedily difabled. Thirdly, that a fett time might be limited, for the determination of the prefent Parliament, and for the beginning, and ending of future Parliaments. Fourth- ly, that there might be a free liberty to the fubjecl to petition the parliament, when they could have no other remedy. Fifthly, that all arbitrary powers of Com- mittees, or Deputy Lieutenants, might ceafe, and be abrogate. Sixthly, that the kingdome might be fatisfy'd in point of accounts. Laftly, that an act of oblivion might be pafTed. The duplicate of this declaration was brought to the city, by the * l6o WALLER'S VINDICATION. the hands of their CommhTioners, together with a complimental letter to allure them of the good affections of the army, provided that they would be quiet, and not offer to intermeddle. In tranjitu, I cannot but re- fled: upon thefe propolitions ; of which the third, concerning the determination both of this, and of future Parliaments, and the nfth> for the abrogation of the arbitrary power of Committees, &c had been formerly moved in the Houfe of Com- mons, by the Prefbyterian Party, and re- jected by the Independents; and yet were now in (ajefuitical Way) obtruded by the army, as agreable to the fenfe of the In- dependents, to be palTed as their act j that they might turn the envy of thofe burthens, and preffures upon the Prelbyterians, and ingratiate themfelvs with the kingdom at their expenfe. Whether there were not more of the ferpent, then of the dove in this, let GOD and the world judge. The fourth, about liberty of petitioning, was never WALLER'S VINDICATION." hever denyed. None but that Siciliari tyrant could delight, rather to hear the bellowings, then to understand the griev- ances of poor people. It is a wanton cruelty to make men cry, and not fufFer them to fpeak. The Houfes did never yet mutt their doors againft petitioners, that made their addrefTes to them in an orderly way* But when fouldiers in an army mall be engaged by fom of their Officers, in a petition, by perfonal fubfcrip- tion, which, in naturd rei> is no other then a combination to a mutiny j and when fome inconiiderable perfons in a city mall pre- fume to offer petitions in the name of the city, without the privity or confent of the Common Council (which is a meer cheatt put upon the government), it could not but be necefTary, to lay a regulation upon that liberty. The reft of the proportions were fuch, as either had already been an- fwered (if a fatisfadion could have given a fatisfaction), or were at that time under M deliberation, 162 WALLER'S VINDICATION. deliberation, and therefore I pafs them by, and proceed to the return of the CityCom- rniflioners,and the account of their fteward- (hip. Thofe gentlemen, or fome of them, acled their parts fo well, and charmed the Com- mon Council and Militia fo wifely, that they perfuaded them, the army was com- pounded, and elemented of nothing, but goodnefs and integrity , and that it would be a fin, to lead them into temptation, by provoking and imitating them with any hoftile preparations 5 and thereupon ob- teined, to have all defenfatives laid afide, all orders for levying of forces raifed j and (to the altonimrnent of all honeft hearts), upon a petition to the houfes, they pre- vailed, to have the Committee for fafety diflblved. Thus were both the city and the Parliament drawn to aft, as if they had been- poffeffed with the moft prodigious fear that ever was heard of, a fear of being fafe. But it was the hand of GOD, ajid this WALLER'S VINDICATION. 163 this dementation was the fore runner of his judgment Now did the great Officers of the army look upon themfelves, as half in pofTeffion of their omnipotency, feeing this great mountain, the city, laid plain before them. But what did all this avail, fo long as there were fo many in the Houfe of Commons, that would not bow the knee, nor do reverence ? To fcatter all ap- pearance of oppofition, the very next day, after they had fent up the aforefaid decla- ration, they gave fire upon the eleven members (among which myfelf had the honour to be one), in a general charge j and as if a fattum eft had been but due to their dixit, the day following, they re- quired, that thofe accufed members might be fufpended from fitting : and a month's pay at leaft fent down to the army, with fo much more in addition, as thofe Officers had received, who, in obedience to the Par- liament, had yielded to difband : and that fuch fouldiers, as had deferted the army M 2 (that 164 WALLER'S VINDICATION"*' (that is, adhered to their duty), might receive no more pay, untill the army were firft ferved, and their arrears difcharged. Obedience was now become criminal, and and rebellion meritorious. For a conclu- fion, they did in effed: enjoyn the Houfes, to raife no more forces, either for the re- lief of Ireland, or for any caufe whatfoever, untill themfelves had firft difpatch'd their bufinefs, which, in their lofty ftyle, they called the tranfaction of the kingdoms* A fatifaftory anfwer was required to all thefe T.Livius. particulars, as peremptorily as if they had had the Parliament in Popilius his circle. The mamefull truth is, the Houfes had now brought themfelvs into fuch an yield- ing condition, that, like thofe people that Plut.deVhio- Plutarch fpeaks of, they knew not how to fo Pudore. fay, No. And therefore, without conteft- ing, they gently vote a month's pay, as was delired; and fent an intimation to the Generall, and the Commiffioners of Parlia- liament, that they expected the army mould WALLER'S VINDICATION. 165 ihould, upon this, draw back unto the diftance of forty miles from London (ac- cording to the former order) and for that which concerned their members, they de- clared, that they were ready to receive any particulars, and to hear any witnefTes that could be produced againft them. Whilfl this was in difpatch, the Common Council prefented them with the draught of a letter addreifed to the Generall and the army, and requefted their approbation of it. It was drawn according to the old court rule, with a return of thanks for injuries, and lignifyed little; only it mew^ Sen delr * ed poorly, and gave a good encouragement * " c> 5i to the army j and there was all that was in it, and all that came of it, But how- ever (as dying people are ready to iwallow any thing) it pafs'd the Houfe, accom- pany'd (through the prevalency of the In- dependent party) with an order, that the city might have free liberty to write what letters, and fend what Commiffioners they M 3 pleafed l66 WALLER'S VINDICATION. pleafed to the army. This was a great diminution of the honour of the Parlia-r ment, that the citizens mould have a power given them, to agitate, and treat fingly, as a diftinct body by themfelvs ; and was fo much taken off from that authority which quickly corns to nothing, if it be not pre- ferv'd entire. Nulla eft, nifi tota< I mall not prefume to fay more of it 3 GOD knows, with what affections, I have faid this. June the 22d. Upon receipt of the month's pay, the General! wrote to the Houfes, that he would very fhortly call a Council of Warr, about the removal of the army unto the diftance required, and then they mould have a pofitive anfwer, what would be done.. A fair refpedt ! But all was to be taken without weighing, that had the ftamp of the Generall and army upon it, The next day after this came Up that thundering remonflrance, which in plain terms, and without types or figures, declared, that if by the morrow following WALLER'S VINDICATION. following, the eleven members were not fufpended from fitting, they mould be in- forced to take fuch courfes extraordinary, as GOD mould enable them, and diredt them unto: and to imbitter this, they added reprochfull expreffions, concerning the dimonour and prejudice of retracting votes and ordinances ; wherein they were not only guilty of the (inn of Aaron, in making the Houfes naked; but of the fin of Ham, in mocking at them, when they themfelvs had uncover'd them, and expofed them to their mame among their enemies. The meafure thus preffed down by the army, was made to run over by the City CommifTioners, who had fo tuned the Common Council to a perfedt unifon with the army, that (as in a mufical fympathy) the one moved according to the pulfe and touch of the other ; as appeared in that eonfent and accord of both their delires to the Houfes, that all forces, lifted by the Committee of Safety, and the Militia, M 4 might WALLER'S VINDICATION". might be diibanded, and difcharged j ancj that the reduced Officers, and fouldiers, might be putt out of the lines of com- munication. The firft of thefe, as being nothing but a chimera, and fanfy, was eaiily granted ; and they, that made their boafl of that, did but (according to the old faying) hold faft, when they had taken nothing. The latter was rejeded, as in- conliflent with the honour and juftice of the Parliament, to reward evil for good, to thofe that left all to adhere unto their duty; and as difadvantagious to the Houfes to deprive themfelvs of fo confiderable a ftrength, and by fuch a precipitate adt, like Valentinian (as Proximus faid of him, when he had made ^Etius away), to cut of one hand with another, at fuch a time, when they were, like to need more hands* then ever they had done yet $ and laftly, as dangerous to give fo juft an occafion of difcontent, fortibus G? miferis, to difoblige men of courage in want, which might either WALLER'S VINDICATION. 169 either thruft them upon fom defperate ad in the city, or neceffitate them to incorpo- rate with the army, where underhand they were already offered a fair reception. The Houfe of Commons had formerly (as we have faid) given notice, by their Cornmiffioners to the army, that they ex- pected particulars and proofs againft their members -, but nothing being offered, but that infolent commination, requiring their immediat fufpenfion, without any further circumftance ; it was held agreeable to con- fcience and equity to declare, That it did junii 35* not appear, that any thing had been faid, or done by them, in the Houfe, touching any matters conteined in the papers fent from the army, for which in juflice they could be fufpended, and that by the laws of the land no judgment could be given for their fufpenfion, upon thofe papers, before particulars were offered, and proofs made. This might have been fufficient to filence all further clamour, if any thing re- fern bling WALLER'S VINDICATION. fembling an obedience had been left in the army; but the Azariahs, and the Joha- nans, and all the proud men, were fo in- cenfed at it, that they immediately marched up to Uxbridge, within" 1 5 miles of Lon- don ; and from thence fent forth their ma- nifefto, dated the 2yth of June 1647, wherein they took the boldnefs to cenfure that vote as unjuft, and contrary to prece- dent, and earnefUy importuned that the particular charge, and proofs expected from them (which they looked upon but as tithing mint and cumin), might be, laid aiide (though they had them ready) until! the great things of the law, the more ge- neral matters of the kingdome, were firft confidered and fettled; and that in the mean time thofe members might, by the wifedome and juftice of the Houfe, be ex- cluded and fufpended. And whereas the Houfes had formerly required the army to furrender his Majefty's perfon into the hands of their Commiffioners, that he 4 - might WALLER'S VINDICATION. might be brought to Richmond, whereby both kingdoms might have free opportunity to make application unto him, their anfwer was in plain terms, ttnt they defired that no place might be propofed, for his Ma- jefty'srefidence neerrer London, then where they would allow the quarters of the army to be. Things being reduced to this meafuring caft, that either the Parliament muft be affronted, or the eleven members cede to the power of the army (for to expect juf'- tice had been vain, and not fperable, where the informants made themfelvs the judges), the members thought it became them better, to deny themfelvs by a feafonable facrihcing of their own rights and privi- ledges, then to expofe the Houfes unto any difadvantage upon their occafionj and therefore agreed, to delire leave that they might abfent themfelvs for lix months, which, after fome debate, was granted; and the Speaker had order to give pafTes for that time, unto fuch of them as had in- clination l^a WALLER'S VINDICATION. clination to tranfport themfelvs into for-., rein parts. This act was enterteined in the army with fuch a fupercilious garbe, as Cicero defcribes in Pifo altero adfrontem Trift l^ii fablato, altero ad mentum depreflo fupercilio, le s- 5- with one ey-brow fcrew'd up to their fore- head, and the other fetch'd down to their chinn. To mew their lyonlike genero- fity, how much they were fatisfyed with this couching (fo they were pleafed to in- terpret it), they abafed themfelves fo low as to exalt the modefty of thofe gentle^ men in withdrawing themfelvs ; though not without a nodding admonition that they hoped they would take heed how they came into the Houfe again; and in demonftration of their good nature, they thereupon drew of their quarters further from London towards Salifbury. Having thus gained the flrong holds, and caft down the high imaginations that were againft them, they thought there was but one way remaining to captivate every thought to their obedience, which was to take WALLER'S VINDICATION. 173 take up the publick authority (as Jehu did Jonadab) into the chariot unto them, that fo 'carrying that countenance along with them, they might with the more eafe and fafety obteine their own ends. For this purpofe, they wrought with the Parliament to give them a new livery, and cognifance to re- tein them as their army, to vote their con- tinuance in a body, and to order proviiion to be made for them. All was obteined, as was defired, for there was now (accord- Prov. 21. ing to the old proverb) but one fervant in the family, and that was the mailer. The army fervant had been fo delicately brought up, that he was becom a fon, or rather a mafter, Dominus Domini, as it was faid of Cen - Claudii. NarcnTus his matter's mafter. In the midfl of this wanton fortune, when thefe gal- lants conceived themfelvs paft all rocks, and in a fmooth water, unexpectedly the impeached gentlemen (forgetting their good manners) grew troublefome again, upon the provocation given by that bra- vado, WALLER'S VINDICATION. vado, that the proofs were ready againfi them ; but it was not yet feafonable to pro- duce them, which they look'd upon as a fcorn, and with a fcorne; and thereupon petitioned the Houfe, that Sir Thomas Fairfax, and the army, might be appointed, by a fhort and peremptory day> to bring in their particulars and proofs, and that there might be a fpeedy proceeding; which was accordingly ordered, and the Friday fol- lowing affigned for it, being the 4th of July. This fate fo clofe, that it wrung j and the army, being not able to produce any thing by that day, was fain to winch it off unto the fixth day. In this intervall, CommifTary Generall Ireton, and his fellow accufers of their brethren, were fadly put to their invention what to charge upon them. But fomthing of neceffity was to be alledged, and there- fore being mett together, they proceeded in this manner; Firft, they propofed the name of the party; and then they fell to pumping WALLER'S VINDICATION. 175 pumping, what they fhould fay againft him. Herein the dexterity of the Commiflary Generall was very remarkable, who was moil active in the framing of the charge, and gave particular directions to the Secre- tary, what he mould write down again ft fuch and fuch perfons; and when fome of the by-ftanders (being fcandalized at the frivoloufnefs and emptinefs of thofe crimi- nations) demanded, with fomeaflonifhmenr, what they meant, to fuggeft fuch things as they themfelves knew to have no ground of truth in them? Anfwer was made, that it was no matter for that, and that it was in this bufinefs, as in a Chancery Bill, wherein, though there were never fo many falfities, yet any one truth would be enough , to make it hold. However, they mud be fure to caft'dirt enough, andfomthing would ftick, which would fuffice to ferve their turn. Thefe were the wiles, and the methods (as I may call them, in the Apof- Eph. vi. n. tie's language) practis'd by them, in the forging WALLER'S VINDICATION, forging of this impeachment, as I have received the relation from two credible witneffes, perfons of reputation; who werei prefent at the whole tranfaction. In this way, as I have faid, having fo many good workmen among them, they made a fllift by that time to flitch up fom particulars together, which they called a charge, and fent to the Houfe of Commons by Colonell Scroope. It took up a long debate (more then one day) before the Houfe could refolve what to make of it ; there being no names fubfcribed unto it, nor proofs accompanying it, nor any thing appearing, but a meer accufation enforced by power. The truth is like fome kinde of pictures, it had feveral afpects ; one way it might look like a charge upon the eleven members; another way, it refembled an arraignment of the Houfe of Commons, fuppofing them fo weak and corrupt, as to be acted by particular interefls. Never- thelefs, in ^the end it was voted a charge, and . WALLER'S VINDICATION. 17? and thereupon time given, and council af- figned to the members to make their an- fwer. Who were not wanting to vindicate themfelvs, both in fora fama, by a parti- cular anfwer to the articles in charge ; and in for o juris, by a demurrer in law, put in by them the iQth of July 1647. The re- plication to both, from the army, was no- thing : Ex nihilo nihiL In the ridiculous iflue of this charge, the Houfe might feem to have been deceived by the army, as Zeuxis was deceived by Parrhafius, with a Plm. Nat. . Hift.lib. mew of a veil, call over a piece of work, xxxv. c. 10. to raife a great expectation, when all the work was but a painted veil, a meer pre- tence, and nothing underneath it. But in plain terms, the great officers were at a fault, and knew not which way to beat it out. For they underftood from London, that they had the worfl end of the ftaff, and were likely to be caft in a way of law j they look'd upon themfelvs, as in loco lu- brico, fomthing in the condition of Haman, N unlikely, 178 WALLER'S VINDICATION. unlikely, if they mould begin to fall,- to meet with a bait between the top and the bottom ; and the Parliament and city had fo clofed with them, that they had not left them room enough to draw their fwords ; upon thofe compliances they had removed their quarters fo far off, that they knew not upon what pretence to return. In this diftradtion they refolved to feek i Kings, mifchief (as Benhadad did) by propofing XX. 7. fuch unreafonable and unconfcionable de- mands, as might adminifter opportunity of a breach ; and like Vitellius Jiis foul- Tacit. Hift. diers, Poftulare, non ut affequcrentur, fed caufam feditioni. The city had already (by their Commirlioners) in effecl: made a fur- render of themfelvs, and all that they had, unto them. But this was not fufficient $ the Committee of militia (as it was then conftituted), appeared a rubb in their way. To fmooth all, and that they might have nothing to hinder their caft, they demanded a revocation of that ordinance of the 4th of VINDICATION J79 bf* May 1647, and a re-eftablifhment of the former Committee. Whether this were granted or denyed* it made no great dif- ference; they had their ends upon both, like fea-mills equally ready to grinde with the fioud or ebb. If their demand were granted, they might reckon themfelvs matters of the city (the power thereof being put into hands devoted to their fervice) : and the Parliament itfelf would be in miferecordid, and under their lee. And probably this might breed ill blood betwixt the Parlia- ment and city, and make fbm breach be- tween them, which they might manage to their own advantage. If it were denyed, nejic quidem male (as the boy faid, when he pi ut . & e flung a ftone at a dog, and hitt his mother in law), they miffed not their mark; in gaining thereby fuch a pretence of quarrel, as might ferve to juftify their march up to London, where they knew the treafure was, and where of a long time their hearts and affections were like wife fet. N 2 Whilft- iSo WALLER'S VINDICATION. Whilft things were in this fufpenfe, the eleven members, finding themfelvs under that Spartan curfe of procraftination, wherein they were likely to be grinded Suetonius. anc j chewed at leifure, lentis maxtlis, with- out hope of being admitted to triall in any reafonable time, thought fitt to move the houfe again, that forafmuch as Sir Tho- mas Fairfax and the army had already de- clared, that the proceeding upon particu- ., lar proofs, to make good the charge againft them, would probably take up much time, and the affairs of the kingdom, in reference to thofe great matters propofed by them, would (as they pretended) require a pre- fent confideration ; and had therefore pro- pounded, that thefe general and elfential matters might be firft debated and fetled j and in regard it was fuppofed, that the ab- fence of the faid members would facilitate the paflage of bufinefs; they were fo farr from the thought of giving interruption to thofe fpecious proceedings (well might the/ end WALLER'S VINDICATION. 181 end), that they prefumed to renew their humble defires, that they might have leave, for fix months, to apply themfelvs to their private occasions ; and that they might be free (fo many of them as fhould defire it) to go beyond the feas, and to have paiTes granted them during that time. All being alTented to, the next bufinefs that earne to hand was the revocation of the ordinance for the militia of the 4th of May 1 647, which could not be fo clofely carried, but that it took wind, and gave huge difcontentment to the city; where it was thought very much, that that Committee which had been ordeined by the unanimous confent of both Houfes, in a full and free feffion, to continue for a whole year, mould fuddenly be overlaid, before it was a quarter* old, without any caufe alledged; and thereupon followed that engagement, for the main- tenance of the covenant, and the bringing his Majefty to London, in order to a per- fonal treaty, fubfcribed by almoft an hun- N 3 dred iS2 WALLER'S VINDICATION, dred thoufand hands; which the Houfes voted a treafon, and declared all thofe tray- tors, that mould prefume to act any fur ther upon it. July the 22d, to put all out of queftion, that ordinance for the militia was reveffed, and a new old one drawn up, voted, tranfmitted to the Lords, and by- them paffed; all this in a few hours. But the more hafte there was in the Parliament, the lefs fpeed there was in the city; for thofe good people considered their fafety and their priviledges, as both neerly concerned, in the continuation of thofe perfons, whom they had legally chofen and intrufled; and look'd upon themfelvs as at mercy in their eftates, if the validity of ordinances (the only fecu^ rity they had for thofe vaft fumms they had lent unto the Parliament) mould de- pend upon the mutable pleafure of an army. The truth is, this flaring rais'd fom lees; for, upon the Monday follow- ing, July the 26th, after that the Sheriffs and \VAL1.ER*S VINDICATION. 183 and Common Council had (in a refpectful way) prefented the humble defires of the city unto the Houfe of Commons, fe- conded with the like application from the apprentices (though with fome unfitting importunities), for the re-eftablimment of the ordinance of the 4th of May, and the vacating that of the 2yth inftant ; and that the Houfes had not only complyed with them in both particulars, but yielded like- wife to retract and annull their declara- tion againft the engagement above men- tioned. After all, or moft of the appren- tices were gone away, with good fatisfac- tion, fome diforderly perfons remained (as the dregs ever flay laft) that brake into the Houfe, forced the Speaker to refume the chair, after he had adjourned; and would not fuffer any to depart, untill they had voted, that the King mould come to London, to treat with the Parliament about a peace. What thofe people were, or by whom inftigated and fett on, I know not N 4 (Goo 184. WALLER'S VINDICATION. (Goo knoweth, I know not), but by their good behaviour, I guefs them to have been of that fort, that he in Galateo dreamt, he faw breaking into an apothecary's mop, rifling, and tailing, and fipping every thing (this purge, and t'other vomit) 5 only there was a phial of difcretion there, which they never toucht. The Common Council being advertifed of this infufferable infolency and violence, immediately difpatcht away the Sheriffs, with the beft ftrength they could get to- gether, in that unfetled condition of their militia, to refcue the honour of the Houfe; who, within a little while, fairly cleared the paflages, and fafely conveyed the Speaker home. The Lords adjourned their Houfe till the Friday following; the Commons theirs, till the next day morning. Againft which time, there was a ftrong guard pro- vided by the new fetled militia ; and the Houfe mett in fafety, and fate without in* ferruption; and (Wednefday being the monthly WALLER'S VINDICATION. 185 monthly fall) adjourned unto Friday. That day both Houfes mett, according to for* mer order; but rather like mutes then confonants, for want of their Speakers, who the day before had privatly with- drawn themfelvs to the army. In this fpeechlefs condition, they were enforced to help themfelves, by calling the Lord Willoughby of Parham to the wool-fack, and Mr. Pel ham to the chair. Then, as nature, in fuddain exigencies, calls in all the fpirits to the heart, they fummoned in all their members that could be found, to attend their fervice. For mine own part, I was then a free man, by the dif- penfation of the Houfe (as I have already exprefs'd), and looked upon a re-entry (without an invincibly neceffity compel- ling me thereto) as an aft of no lefs mad- nefs, then that of UlyiTes, who, when he was fafely gotten out of the Cy clop's den, would needs adventure in again, to fetch Jiis hatt and girdle, which he had left be- hind j86 WALLER'S VINDICATION. hind him. GOD knows my thoughts wero xed upon a quiet retreat; and in order unto that, I had written to the General!, to have an honourable aflurance from him, that I might in fafety, and without mo- leilation, take liberty to follow my occa- fions in the country; and accordingly I received a pafs from him, under his hand and feal, to that effect. But before I could take pofleflion of that happinefs, I had a particular command brought to me by one of the fergeant's men, that I mould give my attendance upon the Houfe. What I pught to have done in this dilemma, might have tried a better judgment then mine to determine. For mine own part, I con- ceived it to be my duty to obey the order of the Houfe, not knowing (if I had done the contrary), but that it might have been interpreted a contumacy in mee; there being no vote at all againft my coming in, nor any thing to juftify my abfence, but mine own voluntary withdrawing, which was V7ALLER*S VINDICATION. Was only to preferve the honour of the Houfe, at that time (as I have already fig- nified) in danger of a violation. The Parliament was now in a gafping condition, and of thofe two fympathies in nature, the one towards confervation, the other towards perfection, was only capable of the firft, and had no other appetite but to keep itfelf in a being. To this end, the committee for fafety was raifed from the dead, to joyn with the militia of the city, with full power and authority to lift, and raife forces, to nominate officers and .commanders in chief, and to iiTue out arms, and ammunition, for the defence of the King, Kingdom, Parliament, and city. And to mew how unwilling the Houfes were to engage in a new warr (if it had been poffible to avoid it), nothing was acted upon all this, untill notice came, that the army was re-advancing with their train of artillery drawn out of Oxford -, that a party , of both Houfes was folemnly confederated with 188 -WfALLER'S VINDICATION. with them, and refolved to run the fame fortune with the.m, and to live and dy with them ; and that the train bands of Hart- fordmire, and other counties, were fum- moned to come in unto them : then, and not till then, the Committee began to putt things into pofture, whereupon thofe buft- lings and liftings followed. I had rather any other pen, then mine, mould relate how, in the midfl of all our preparations, the Aldermen and Common Council were drawn to defert the Houfes, to betray their friends, to retract their de- claration, to give up their fortes, and the line next to Weftminfter, with the Tower and magazine, contrary to their engage- ment $ and all this, when they had ready at their fervice and command, no lefs then eighteen regiments of foot, fome of them eighteen hundred, and two thoufand ftrong; the weakeft eight hundred, which was but one, and that incomplete ; all compounded of as gallant men, and as well provided for the 3 WALLER'S VINDICATION. 189 the field, as any in the Chriftian world; and when they might have had (if they would themfelves) between fower and five thou- fand horfe, all mounted by reformado of- ficers, and gentlemen of quality (a force not to be numbered, but eftimated), at which time Sir Thomas Fairfax had not neer half their proportion in foot, and not above half of that half ferviceably armed ; and his horfe, though ftrong enough in numbers, yet almoft in as ill equipage as his foot. If I were mailer of that tacite oratory, Phiioftrat In VitaApollon, in which Apollonius is faid to have been i. c. i u fo perfect, as that, without the trouble of fpeaking one word, he could make himfelf intelligible, I mould here willingly choofe, non difcendo dicere, to exprefs the fad fenfe, icero P ro Cluent. which in my heart I retain of the con- fufions following in thofe times, and con- tinued to this prefent, by paffing them, over with a fignificant filence. But having undertaken to report the feveral a<5ts of this icp WALLER'S VINDICATION/ this tragedy, I cannot now lay my hand upon my mouth, and make an end before I have done. I touched, a little before^ upon the feceflion of divers eminent members of both Houfes, from the body of the Parliament, and their confederation with the army. But I hold it decent and neceffary to fay fomthing more of it (before I go off from this narrative), both in regard it was the principal encouragement, and pulley, as it were, to draw on, and accele- rate the advance of the army up to London; and to the end likewife, that it may be known to the world, that the Parliament fell, neither bound nor fettered, but be- traid by the infidious practices of its own Theocrit. members, as the Lyon in Theocritus was Idyll. 26. excoriated by his own paw. I mall per- form this with all tendernefs, and in that character of ftyle, which Heraclitus fpeaks of, Neque dicendo, neque occultando, fed fig* nificando, rather intimating, then relating particulars. After WALLER'S VINDICATION^. I After that unfufferable affront putt upoii the Houfe of Commons, 26 Julii 1647 (which I have formerly mentioned), there was fuch offence taken, that the Earls of Northumberland, Salilbury, Denbigh ; the Lords Say, Wharton, and fome others; Mr. Lenthall, Speaker of the Houfe of Com- mons, Mr. Pierrepoint, Sir Arthur Heiil- rigg, Sir John Evelin of Wiltshire, Mr. St. John, and many more of that party withdrew privatly out of the city, by feveral ways, the Thurfday following. The Lords held their firfb meeting at the Earle of Salisbury's houfe at Hatfield, whether they fent for the Earl of Manchefter to come unto them (who was retired into EfTex). From thence they went to Sion, a houfe of the Earl of Northumberland's neer Brainford, in order to their conjunc- tion with the army -, which was advanced up to Colebrooke, and ordered rendezvous upon Hounflow Heath. At Sion, they fhook hands with the above-mentioned gentle- men 192 WALLER'S VINDICATION men of the Houfe of Commons ; where it was refolved, that both theLords and Com- mons there mett mould engage themfelvs, by fome publick declaration or remon-* flrance, to live and dy with the army. The General, and his Council of Warr, on the? behalf of themfelvs, and the whole army, had taken the like engagement, to iland and fall with them. The gentlemen had theirs ready drawn -, Mr- Nathaniel Fines (as it is reported) made a draught of one for the Lords. But who ever did minute it, when it came to be perufed by them, it was found to be defective in an eflential and fundamental point -, for that there was no provifo at all in it, for the maintenance of the dignity, and priviledges of their Houfe, and for the fecurity of the peerage, which was look'd upon as fo material (confidering the wilde principles of thofe people with whom they clofed), that forth- with a claufe, to fupply that want, was framed and inferted in it j and the Lieu- tenant, WALLEtt*S VINDICATION. 193 tenant Generall Cromwell, CommifTary General Ireton, and Sir Arthur Hefilrigg, were calFd upon for their concurrence with it. The Lieutenant General made anfwer with fome hefitation, that it was a matter of great concernment, and he de- fired further time to deliberate. The Com- iniflary Generall open'd himfelf with more franknefs, and faid, he was fo well fatisfied in the equity of that demand, that without any fcruple, he mould give his prefent aflent unto it, profeffing, that it was agree- able to reafon and confcience, that they fhould engage to defend thefe Lords in their rights and priviledges, who had, with fo much noblenefs, caft themfelvs upon their fortune, and therefore he was refolved for his part, to live and dy with them, in the maintenance of their interefl. Sir Arthur Hifilrigg faid little or nothing, but mewed a diflatisfadlion. But the next day was not fo cloudy; for then the Lieutenant Generall gave in a; O clear 194 WALLER'S VINDICATION. clear anfwer, the fubftance whereof was, that having confulted with his own heart and confcience (fo he called it), he was induced to concurr with what the Com- miffary Generall had formerly delivered, that it was but juflice and honour that the Generall, his Council, and the army, mould oblige themfelvs, unto the lail drop of their blood, to fland in the defence of thofe Lords, and in maintenance of their dignity and rights, who had fo freely ad- ventured their perfons tojoyn with them: and accordingly he did there profefs (and therein he faid, he fpake his confcience), that he would engage his fervice, and life to uphold them. Sir Arthur Hefilrigg faid the like. With this fatisfaction the Lords were perfuaded to make their addreffes to the Generall, who quartered at Brainford, and there they tendred their declaration to him. Immediately after this followed the march of the army up to London, and, through it, the furrender of the Tower; 6 the WALLER'S VINDICATION. *95 the re-eftabliihment of thefe Lords and Commoners, in their refpedive Houfes, | &c. What became of their Lordfhipps forementioned engagement, I know not, for it was never publifhed : but there may be fome notice taken, that about this time there was a joint engagement printed in the name of thofe particular Lords and Gen- tlemen, wherein that whole claufe or pro- vifo, concerning their priviledges, is omit- ted, which mew'd the more unhandfomely, and like a deiigned falfhood, in regard both of the fupprefiion of that paper, and of the following actings, to the utter abolition of the peerage, notwithftanding their obliga- tion to maintein it. And yet for a while after, thofe great officers kept their countenance fo well, that when as there was a report raifed, that a great part of the army diflented from that ftipulation of theirs, to fecure the priviledges of the Lords Houfe, they feem- ed to refent it fo farr, that Sir Hardrefs O 2 Waller WALLER'S VINDICATION. Waller was employed by them, in a for- mal way, to vindicate them from that af- perfion. He came, accompanied with di- vers of the officers, to the barr of that Houfe, and there, in the name of the whole army, protected againft the report, as de- famatory and falfe -, and avowed their re- folutions to live and dy with their Lord- fhips, in the prefervation of their dignity and rights ; and in teftimony of the reality of their intentions, and to mew, that being there as their reprefentative mouth, he fpake out of the abundance of their hearts ; he made it their humble requeft, that this expreffion, and tender of their fervice, might be entred in their Lordfhips jour- nal book, to remain there as a monument of their fidelity "to after ages ; and accord- ingly it was entered, and is there extant upon that record unto this day. But of this, a little may be too much. I fhall fay no more, but that their Lordfhips had ill luck to be taken with fuch chaiF as this; to be deceived WALLER'S VINDICATION. 197 deceived by thofe who were known de- ceivers ; and by fome, who had fo often forfworne themfelves, that perjury was but genus fermonis, as natural to them as their Salvian.de / Gub. Dei.; mother tongue, and with whome there l. iv. could be no dealing, upon any other fecu- rity, then that which Gonfalvo thought fitt Arnold. Fer- ron in Vit. to have required from Ferdinand, King of Ladov. xii. Spain and Naples, that he mould fwear by that GOD, in whom he could make it ap- pear that he did believe. But good natures are moil eafily inveigled. Semper bonus Martial, ifb. homo tiro ejl. But GOD had determined a 53'' plsr * judgment upon the land, and then it was not to be wondred at, if thofe, that mould have been the flay of the tribes thereof were deceived. I have now don with the tedious rela- tion of the paflages, between the Parlia- ment and army -, wherein my fmgle aim hath been but to evince this truth, that in the whole bufinefs the Parliament was merely paflive, and acted nothing but in O 3 order 198 WALLER'S VINDICATION. order to a felf defence, and a fettlement of the peace of the nation : And to mew, that whatever I did, or engaged to do, in the time of thofe tran factions, was purely in obedience to the Parliament, and this, I thought, would appear more evidently in a continued narrative, whereby a judgment might be made,fuper tot am mater iam, then by picking out here and there particulars : As we judge of the imagery in a cloth of Arras, by opening the whole piece, and not by turning up a lippet, or an end of it, I deny not but that poiTibly I may have erred, and that very much, in the purfu- ance and execution of thofe commands, which upon feveral occaiions I received Jam, Hi. 2. from the Houfes (in many things we offen4 all) ; but I mall humbly prefume, to ex- cufe myfelf a tanto : that thofe failings, whatever they were, proceeded from weak- nefs and ignorance, not from malicious wickedneis ; and I fliall never be amamed flab. ill. i. to pray with Jiabakkuk, pro ignorantus^ As WALLER'S VINDICATION 199 As for my intendments and ends, I (hall not excufe, but own them ; and particu- larly thofe very liftings of the reformados, and others : which though they carried a mew of hoftility,and under that notion were objected againft mee, as a levying a new warr ; yet they were deligned only for de- fence, according to the tenor of the above- mentioned ordinance of the 1 1 th of June and the 3d of Auguft 1647 ; and, in truth, had no other tendency, but to prevent a warr, by counterbalancing the army with that force, whereby it might have been reduced to an even fcale, and to terms of reafon, in order to the fettlement of the peace and tranquillity of the nation. If this, that I have faid, may give fatisfaction to honeft men, I have enough; their judgment mail ftand pro populo, in my account. As for the reft, Quorum tot millia virum nonfaciunt, as that Byzantine fophifter faid, I value their good or bad opinion, their praife or difcommendation, at one and the fame 04 rate; 3OO WALLER'S VINDICATION. rate j whether they exprefs themfelvs for me or again ft me, it is all one to me. With , i Cor. iv. me, it is a very fmall thing that I ihould be judged of them, or of man's judgment (judicium humanum vise alphabetum illius Divtni). Yea, I judge not mine ownfelf : for I know nothing by myfelf, yet I arh not hereby juftified; but he that judgeth me is the LORD. But fugam fecit ! it is again objedted, that upon the mifcarriage of thofe evil defignes, I fled the kingdom, making over and tranfporting great fumms of money, which I had gotten in the warr. Con- cerning my departure out of the land, Shortly this. The impeached gentlemen were fo farr from running away upon the approche of the army, that after the city was furrendered, they flayed divers days in expectation of the worft that could be charged upon them. But hearing of no- thing in queftion againft them, and feeing nothing in agitation, but the fetling the new WALLER'S VINDICATION. 201 new conqueft, they did not think them- felvs obliged to make a ftand (like thofe vain Celtique Gauls) againfl fuch a tide as Nic. Da. mafcen. de was broken in ; where nothing was to be mor. Gent, expected but a perifhing to no purpofe. And thereupon Mr. Hollis, Sir William Lewis, Sir Philip Stapleton, Sir John Clot- worthy, Mr. Walter Long, and myfelf, went in a free and open way to the Speak- er, and took out our paiTes under his hand, according to the order of the Houfe, and with the fame freedom and opennefs moft of us went out of the town at noon-day, and in a company with fifteen or fixteen horfe, which was neither a time nor an equipage likely to favour an efcape. The occafion of our taking fhipping at a private creek in Efiex, was upon an intimation given us, that we were way-laid at Gravef- end by the forces of the army -, and there- fore we refolved rather to put ourfelvs upon the mercy of the raging fea, than upon the madnefs of the people. Neither was this caution WALLER'S VINDICATION. caution needlefs ; for notwithftanding our palfes, we were purfued by land, chafed, and taken at fea, brought back (almoft out of Calice road) into the Downs, examined and fearched, and (when nothing criminal could be found in us) difcharged, by the vote of a council of warr, held abord the Vice Admiral Battin ; and left to take our unhappy fortunes, with the lofs of that gallant gentleman, Sir Philip Stapleton, wh,o was meerly kill'd by the inconvenU. ences of that journey. As for that ^fuggeflion, that I mould make over, or tranfport with me great fumms of money ; it is as untrue, as that fiction of the butter barrels was ridiculous. I acknowledge the fending of fome goods of mine into the Low Countries, to Rot- terdam, about two or three months (if I remember not), before I was inforced, to take that courfe with myfelf ; all was no- thing but houfhold fluff, the beft part whereof I had (by the care of a good friend) faved WALLER'S VINDICATION. 203 faved out of Winchefter cattle, but a few hours before the King's party feifed upon it, and the reft I had bought at London ; but there was neither penny of money, nor ounce of plate, that travailed with it. But whatever there was, it was viewed, and allowed at the Cuftome-houfe, before the fhip went off with it, which I hope may ferve to give fatisfaction to all reafonable people, that I meant plainly and honeftly, and may mew, that there was nothing acted to put any cheat upon the ftate. I might add, that this was no fuch fingular act of Providence in me j but that divers others (both Lords and Gentlemen) did the like, and no exceptions at all taken. But when men have once enterteined a prejudicate opinion, they are apt to lay condemnation upon names, and to decry whatever fuch or fuch a man faith, or doth, though they pafs by the fame thing in others; or it may be, fay or doe it themfelvs. So Erafmus Erafm. in ' Epift. ad obferved, that the fame tenets were con- Card. Mo- , , gunt. demned 204. WALLER'S VINDICATION. demned in Luther for heretical, which in St. Bernard and Auftin were allowed for orthodox and pious. I mould not forget myfelf fo farr, as to remember the tale of the butter-barrels, but that I finde it hath left fome impref- iion in men's minds ; and what fools have fancied, wife men are apt to believe, J know not how to anfwer the ridiculou^ nefs of it in a ferious way, without being fapiens in rejhtlta-, which is the fulfomefl kind of folly in the world. To laugh at fence. Con. it, instead of anfwering it, were but contu- Col.adHelv. ,. .. , . r c. xiii. melice contumeham facere> and the fcores were quitt. But I would not be fcanda- liz'd in jefl j aliquid bceret. The boys in Plutarch, ftruck the froggs in jeft, but the poor froggs fuffered in earneft. To an- fwer therefore the fool according to his Prov.xxvi.5. folly, I mail fay this, and maintein it, that there was neither truth, nor fhadow of truth in that report. All that gave occa- fion to this ft range phenomenon, was the flopping WALLER'S VINDICATION. 205 flopping of a fumme of money at Gravef- end, that (upon examination) was faid to be defigned for the redemption of captives at Algier $ and, it feems, was barrel'd up, as if it had been a commodity of butter ; and no body at that time appearing to own it, fome, out of the liberality of their ma- lice, were pleafed to entitle me to it, upon no other ground of reafon (that I could ever learn) but that I had formerly dif- pofed of fome goods into Holland, and therefore, in likelyhood, I might fend fome money after, and therefore that, might be my money; a reafon without fenfe! but it ferved well enough to create a belief, that I had made an advantage of the mife- ries of thofe times, to feather mine own jieft: and that was enough to draw envy and malice upon me, which was the end they aimed at. I muft here take leave to fpeak in the language of St. Paul, to fuch as can have the noble patience, as to read thefe lines, 4 Would 206 WALLER'S VINDICATION. * Corinth. Would to God, ye could fuffer a little my foolifhnefs. I would be glad to give in a particular of my eftate, and to deliver up my accounts, that in the trial it might evi- dently appear, in what condition I have fubfifted during thefe troubles; and how farr I have been, from enriching myfelf at the publick coft. Poffibly it may feem an impertinency ; but what I do, that will I do, that I may cutt off occalion from them that defire occafion. I praife GOD for that portion which he hath given me under the fun, which (though farr from fo great as the opinion of the world would make it) is not fo little, but that in peaceable times it hath always afforded me a competency with comfort: in the warr, and in this mifcalled peace, that hath followed it, fuf- fered with the publique : the fame wind that raifeth a ftorm at fea, maketh a rough and troubled water in little ponds and puddles. I may juftly avow (and I can make it good) that what through the com- mon WALLER'S VINDICATION. 207 mon calamities that have befallen the (late, and what through the malice and power of mine enemies, I have been endammaged to the value of above thirty thoufandpounds, and fo ftreightned in my fubfiftence, that many times I have been enforced to fell, and borrow, to buy bread. But it may be replied, that what I loft in the hundred, I got in the ihire ; the employment which I held in the fervice of the Parliament, ferved to make up all breaches in my pri- vate fortune. I hope I mall never outlive good nature fo farr, as not to acknowledge with humble thankfulnefs, the large and honourable enterteinment which I received from the ftate. But I defire withall it may be confidered, that as the goods in- Eccles. v. n, creafed, fo they increafed that eat them ; and that little more accrued to me, faving the beholding them with mine eys. I was neceffitated to live above mine own con- dition, that I might not live below that quality which the favour of the Parlia- ment 2oS WALLER'S VINDICATION, mcnt had putt upon mee ; fo that what I receiv'd, I fpent; and much I fpent before I receiv'd it. A confiderable part of mine arrears, amounting to above one thoufand pounds, I freely remitted (upon the pafling of my accompt) ; when the Houfe of Commons would have allowed it ; and a remaining part of k (to the fumme of eight hundred pounds'), I was glad to com- pound for, at twelve {hillings in the pound, when I was a prifoner at St. James's. All that I got in the warr, by way of purchafe, or booty, was one month's pay (as a Colonel of Horfe), upon the furren- der of Chichefter, when by the capitula- tion, all the officers and fouldiers that were with mee, received equally the like pro- portion, according to their refpe&ive qua- lities. I had likewife feven hundred pounds for my part, of the falvage of a fhipp, that was driven on ground neer Arundell, when I lay before the caftie ; of which I g ave the Houfe a clear information, when I de- liver'd WALLER'S VINDICATION. 209 liver'd in my accompt. Befides this, of gift (at feveral times), I received one hun- dred pounds, from Mr. Dunch of Pufy, as I take it, who, with a great deal of kindnefs, fent it to mee (though a itranger and utterly unknown to him), when I lay. at Newbridge ; and fifty pounds I had pre- fented to me from the town of Lewes, in acknowledgment of my poor fervice at Arundell (which I like wife reported to the Houfe) ; and in plate, at Gloucefter, Here- ford, and Poole, to the value of about one hundred pounds, or one hundred and fifty at the moft. And this is the utmofl reckon- ing I can make (if it were my lafl reckon- ing), except I fhould put to account every horfe gotten from the King's party, upon the fervice, and bring in a little painted cabinet, and fome toyes, worth twelve or fourteen pounds, prefented to my wife by the merchants of that forementioned fhip, as a token of their thankfulnefs, for the care I had (hewed to preferve their goods. P But WALLER'S VINDICATION. But to conclude this part, I think it may be fome demonftration, that I was little the richer for all thefe gettings, and not likely to be guilty of fending over treafure in barrels, or of carrying it with mee in cloak baggs (as was idly and fooliftily given out by them that purfued mee, after I had taken fhipping), when I was fain to borrow of a good friend of mine, to make up the fumme of fix and fourty pounds, to carry mee into Holland. That was all the money (I take GOD to witnefs), that I tranfported out of the kingdome with mee. Some further fupply of about fower or five hundred pounds (and that the utter- moil), my poor wife brought after mee > but both that fumme, and all the rents I could receive out of my eftate I fpent abroad, and made hard fhift to fubfift with that maintenance. I mould be afhamed to lay open thefe particulars, but that I had rather fuffer under the difreputation of a beggery, then ly under a mifopinion, that WALLER'S VINDICATION. 211 that I have, to the value of a fhoo-latchet, enriched myfelf by any bafe advantage. And therefore my hope is, that (taking in all circumftances) it will appear evidently, that my butter barrels were empty, or they would never have made fo much found; and that my eftate is in no fuch envious condition, as to give any man a juft reafon to think ; or fufpecl: I have in the leaft meafure improved it, at the expence of the publique. And now one would think, after all this hue and crie, this purfuit by land and fea, I might have had leifure given me to make a ftand upon the further more, as Abner did upon the top of the hill, and to call, How long ere the people return from fol- 2 Sam. ii. 26. lowing their brethren ? But it was not my fortune to meet with Joab's good na- ture. I quickly found thofe feas were too narrow to flop the pafTage of malice after mee. For notwithftanding all the circum- fpedlion I could ufe (and I ufed all I could), P 2 it 212 WALLER'S VINDICATIONS it was impbffible for mee to fecure rhyfelf' from the flrife of tongues. Somtimes I was reported to be in Scotland; fomtimes to be in France ; fomtimes to be in both places at once ; when all that while I lived quietly at Leyden, or harmlefly at the Hague. I thank GOD I was fo well for- tifyed, that the found of thofe fhaken leavs did not difturbe me j but only ferved to put me in mind of a piece of Ariftotle's do&rine, That lies might be contradictories, never truths. But there are three parti- culars, which I find the charity of that time would moft willingly have fluck upon mee, during my abode in thofe forraigne parts ; firft, that I mould then have taken a commiffion from the prince that then was ; fecondly, that I mould have had a hand in the revolt of the mips j thirdly, that I was interefted in the Scottifh en- gagement. To thefe I mall crave leave to make a fhort and a clear anfwer, which muft be with a flatt negative to all. For WALLER'S VINDICATION. 213 For the firft, they that were acquainted with my going over, can bear mee witnefs, in what a dilemma I was, what way to take, whether into France, or into the Low Countries; and that nothing caft nice upon the latter, but the fingle confideration, that in thofe parts I might be more out of the way of the royal party ; with which (as things then flood) I knew not how to joyn, and was unwilling to claih. My manner of life in Holland was fufficiently known, how that for the greateft part of my time which I fpent there, I lived in a retired way, and almoft in the condition of an inclufiary at Ley den; Lucullus cum Lu- cullo, myfelf with myfelf. It is true, after I came to the Hague, whether I was ne- ceffitated to remove, for fom particular reafons, meerly concerning mee in my pri- vate family, I looked fomthing more abroad then I had formerly done, I could not choofe but pay my homage to that queen of wo- men, the Queen of Bohemia, whom I had P 3 -the 214 WALLER'S VINDICATION. the honour to ferve at Prague, in the firft breaking out of the German warr. I could do no lefs then return civilities, when I received them from gentlemen, and I could not refufe to receive them from fome, that had born arms for the King, except J would have denounced a warr with the whole party, and have made them mine enemies upon no other ground, but becaufe they mewed an inclination to be my friends, which had been little difcretion in mee, and lefs honefty. If there were a fault in this, it muft be upon their account, that expofed mee to fuch a condition, that I muft live either at the mercy or courtefy of enemies. But notwithstanding all court- hip, and compliments, J defy the worft of malice to prove, that ever I took any com- miffion from the prince, or acted, or coun- felled to act any thing in violation of my covenant, or tending to the dnTervice of the parliament. As to the revolt of the mips, the great GOD WALLER'S VINDICATION. 21 GOD of heaven knows I never heard fyl- lable of it, till it was common news, and matter of difcourfe in every barber's fliop in the Plague. And (if I have any thing of a Chriftian in mee) I was never dire&ly nor indirectly acquainted with the defigne, before it brake forth, nor of counfell with it after, and fo jealous I was of dipping my flopp in that platter, that when the fleet came to Helvoer Sluys (but a few hours diftance from the Hague), I never once went to fee it ; and when the Captains, and gentlemen, that commanded it, made their application to the court, I never com- municated with them, nor with any one perfon among them, in any thing of advice, or correfpondence, in order to the carrying on of that engagement. And this is true, as I mall anfwer it to the GOD of truth, at the laft day. Touching the Scottim engagement, I mall fpeak no further then in relation to rnyfelf. I acknowledge that I have, and P 4 ever 2i6 WALLER'S VINDICATION. ever have had, a particular refpect and value for that nation. I love their conftancy to their covenant, their fteadinefs in their counfells, their gallantry in the field. Some of them I have had the honour to com- mand, and braver men, I am confident, no man could command. I could willingly enlarge myfelf to further expreflions, but that in fo doing, I might be thought to follow mine own paflion ; as it was faid of Piut.Sympos. ^Androcydes the painter, that he was fo elaborate in picturing the fifhes about Scylla, only becaufe he loved fifh fo much. True it is, that in thefe latter years it hath pleafed the high Difpofer of all things, to lay the honour of that people flrangely in the duft, even to the ftupefaction and aftonimnr ^ of the world. But yet with a fa/vo to the generofity, and bravery of the nation, be it fpoken, their deftrudion hath been from themfelvs 3 from their own unhappy partialities and emulations, where- by it may be faid of them, in the language of WALLER'S VINDICATION. 217 of Salvian, Prius perierant, quam perirent. Salvian. de Gub. Dei, They were undone by themfelvs, before ! vi. they could be undone by others ; and it is a fad addition to their calamity, that they are not, miferl fine crimine. ^ M eta - J J l. in. But notwithstanding all this, a lion is a lion though his paws be never fo much pared. As to the judgment of GOD, in thefe myftical difpenfations, I lay my hand upon my mouth; Secret things belong unto him. They that trouble themfelvs, becaufe they cannot difcypher the charac- ters of his providence, nor read the reafon of his doings, may in the fenfe of their own infirmities and weaknefs, finde the reafon why they cannot finde the reafon. It is enough for mee to know, that though the ways of GOD be in the clouds, dark Pfal.xviii.jo. and imperceptible unto us, yet they are uncorrupt : his judgments may be fecret, but they are always juft. My charity binds me to believe, that the goodwill of him that dwelt in the bufh will preferve that people, WALLER'S VINDICATION. people, in this firy trial, and make it an occafion to refine, not to confume them. However for myfelf, I would have it known, that I am an Englifhman, and the fon of an Englishman, and no confideration fhall ever make me forfeit that intereft. Shortly, for the engagement in queftion, I never had to do with it, directly, nor in- directly, and I fhall look upon it as an ad- vantage to mee, to be queftioned for it. I have now runn through all the par- ticulars objected againft mee (fo farr as my intelligence could reach), and according to my weaknefs (but yet according to truth), 1 have made my anfwer. It is my humble defire, that what I have faid, may be evenly weighed, and let juftice hold the fcales, I mean the juftice of a free Parliament, unto which I appeal, and where only I ought to be judged. For if I have don wrong, or committed any thing worthy of death, or of bonds, I refufe not to dy, or to fufFer imprifonment : but if there be none of thofe WALLER'S VINDICATION. 219 thofe things, whereof I am accufed, no other power can of right touch mee. The plain truth of all is, that thefe charges and criminations were but fo much noife, and were made ufe of by the great officers of the army for no other end and purpofe, then as Theo the painter made ufe of a >Eiian. Van Hift trumpetter, to found a charge, before he 44. would put to fhew his picture of a man at arms lively drawn, as ready to engage : that is, only to raife fanfie and expectation; for by thefe airs and fames, they prepoffefTed peoples minds with apprehenfions of they ,knew not what; that they might the better fett off, and glorify the engagement, and infall of their men at arms, upon the Houfe of Commons, on the 6th of De- cember 1648, when, amongft divers others, members of that Houfe, they were pleas'd to feife upon mee, and to make mee their prifoner. Till then (as they themfelvs pro- fefTed in their humble anfwer) there was nothing adted in relation to the Parliament, or 22O WALLER'S VINDICATION. or any member thereof. All former cla- mors againft mee were but fo many fan- faras and flourifhes ; but that vote of the 5th of December was the lin againft their holy Spirit never to be forgiven. To exafperate the army further againfl mee at that time, fome falfe tongues among them had raifed a report, that I had de- frauded the Hate, and interverted great fumms of money to mine own life, which mould have been paid in to the army. Wherein, I may fay, they ufed mee, as the Tacit. Annal. perfecutors of old ufed the primitive Chrif- tians, when they cafed them in beaft {kins, and expofed them to be baited as beaftsj firft they clothed mee with re~ proach and dimonour, and as it were put the beafl upon mee, and then in that dif- figured cafe, fett the army on to worry mee. For anfwer to thofe calumniations, as to the point of my concurrence with that vote above mentioned, I am fo farr from denying. WALLER'S VINDICATION. 221 iienying> or retracing it, that I own it> according to Job's expreffion, as my crown, Jobxxxi-36* as my honour ; and with comfort I can remember I gave my Yea to it, that laft night of the laft Parliament that ever fate in England, with the fame peace of con- fcience wherewith I defire to deliver up my laft breath unto GOD* If it were a crime to vote, that his Majefly's anfwer to the proportions at Newport was a ground for the Houfe to proceed upon for the fettlement of the peace of the kingdom ; there was no honeft man but had reafon to thank all that were guilty of it, Crimine te potui demeruiffe meo. It was, to fpeak in the language of Pliny, Unicum crlmen eorum Ovid. qui crimme vacabant, the only guilt of thofe that were innocent. The reafons inducing that vote, and the j unification of it, are already publifh'd to the world, in the vindication of the imprifoned and fe- luded members -, and in that excellent and unanfwerable fpeech, delivered that 5th of December, 221 WALLER'S VINDICATION. December, in the Houfe of Commons, by Mr. Prinne ; and therefore I hall fay no- thing to it, but therefore only, becaufe I can fay no more but what hath been al- ready faid. As to that bafe report of my having been falfe to the flate, I can do no lefs then ftick the lye upon it. For I never touched penny of the publick money, but what I received for mine own enter- teinment from the hands of the Treafurer, or CommifTary j and for which I had, long before that time, accompted to the Par- liament. I have not ranked thefe two laft parti- culars, with the former charges that were againft me, becaufe I cannot efteem the firft any crimination at all, but a commen- dation; and if I had as many lives as I have hairs upon mine head, I would fa- crifice them all to the maintenance of it ; and for this fecond, it was an arrow that flew in the darke, no body appearing to own it; and belides, it was but in effecT: a fecond WALLER'S VINDICATION. 223 fecond part to the tune of the fame fug- geflion formerly mentioned, that I had en- riched myfelf upon the advantage of the times, and treafur'd up great fumms of money in forrein parts. Only it was the more malicioufly timed, in that juncture, to enrage the fouldiers againft mee - y as I found by their good ufage of mee, when I was in their cuftody at St. James's. And unto this, having already made my defence, I fhall ufe no vain repetition, but referr myfelf to what I have faid before. Only for conclufion of this part, I cannot but obferve, upon the whole matter, the tra- verfers and crofs ways that I have met with in my paffage through thefe pikes. In March 1 647, Sir John Clotworthy and I received publique thanks from the Houfe of Commons, for our report made con- cerning the petition of the army, and in ^ June following wee were both impeached for it. In the fame month again J had my mare of thanks among the eleven mem- 4 bers, 224 WALLER'S VINDICATION. bers, for withdrawing out of the Houfe, and in February following I was difmem- bred for not coming into the Houfe. In Augufl 1 647, I was put into a banifhed condition, becaufe it was alledged, that I would have levyed a new warr, and in December 1648, I was imprifoaed, be- caufe I voted for a new peace. In this, labyrinth, what mall I doe or fay : Dirige grefiiis meosy Domine. Let me be wife enough to be honeft, and I delire no more^ Thus much for the relation of what I have a&ed from time to time, according to the orders, and for the fervice of the Par- Job xixi. 37. liament; wherein I may fay, with Job, I have declared the number of my ftepps, I have given a particular and a juft accompt of all my proceedings, as farr as pomble I could. In the next place, I mall (as in a civil fhrift, or confeffion) lay open the fe- crets of my heart, my affections, my judg- ment, mine ends, that it may be known what I am in the inner man; and that it may WALLER'S VINDICATION. 22$ may appear, that I have not at any time, for any diftafls,or provocations whatfoever, forfaken my firfl love, nor dealt falfely ia my covenant. In the multitude of my thoughts within mee, this comfort hath refrefhed and de- lighted my foul; that after that way which others are pleafed to call faftion and party, I have walked in the linglenefs and integrity of mine heart, according to the principles upon which I firft engaged. I fpeak it not, as juftifying myfelf, in foro ccelt ; (I know well, that in the prefence of God, my beft adlions are but in the rank of my leafl finns). But as to this generation of people, that are (according to the fenfe of that text, which fome fay our Saviour wrote MattLviLj with his finger upon the ground) fo quick- fighted to efpie the mote that is in their J hn Ix 4 brother's eye, and fo blinde as not to fee the beame which is in their own eye> whofe fin remaineth. And truly the more innocent I finde myfelf, the bolder I mall be 326 WALLER'S VINDICATION* be with them; Quanto innocentior, tantti fronto/ior, as it was faid of Janus. Thofe whited walls may fmite me on the mouthy but they mall never ftop my mouth till they flop my breath. They mall not take away my rejoicing, that I have, in all good conference, ferved God, untill this day, both in the maintenance of my covenant, and in my fufferings for it. In teftimony whereof, and to evidence my devotion to the grounds and ends of that engagement, I do hereby folemnly de- clare, in the prefence of GOD, and his holy Angels, that I am ftill conftant in my de- fire, to fee the Church fetled in doctrine,, difcipline, and government, that it may no longer fluctuate up and down (like that Pomp. Mela. te niple of Apollo) in an uncertain condi- tion, agitated with the whirle winds of new old herefies, and errors,, in perpetual ha- zard of fplitting upon fchifms and fepara- tions; but may, in GOD'S good time, reco- ver VINDICATION* 22? Ver the fair havens of peace and truth. In order to that end> I do zealouily wifh that the whole Church were reduced to fuch unity and confonance of judgment, that all animoli ties and difcriminations laid afide and difcharged, we might hear no more the language that I am of Paul, and I of ? Corinth. Apollo, and I of Cephas, hut be all one in CHRIST. It might befitt the mouth of a great Turk well enough to fay, that variety of opinions became his empire, as well as variety of flowers became his garden. But GOD, who is over all, higher then the high- eft, and one both in efTence and in name, hath under that prohibition to the Ifrael- ites, not to fow mingled feed in their fields, tacitly, and by implication forbidden com- Lev. xix. 19. mixtures of religion, in his garden, the Church - y and therefore I abominate a pro- mifcuous toleration of all feels, and pro- feflions in it, as inconfiftent either with purity or unity, the beauty and bands thereof 5 and as indeed the principal caufe s of 228 WALLER'S VINDICATION. of atheifm in this our age, wherein men of* corrupt minds, taking offence at the dif- c'ordant and crofs opinions that are among us, do grow to a contempt of all religion, and to think of the feveral profeffors there- i Cor. xiv. of (as St. Paul puts the cafe, an unlearned perfon, or an unbeliever, would judge, if he came into a congregation where they fpake with feveral tongues) that they are all mad. But here I would be underftood, cum grano falls. There may be different cha- racters of parties in the church ; one may Ifai. xllv. 5. *~ a y> I am the LORD'S, and another may call himfelf by the name of Jacob. Some may be intitled Epifcopians, fome Prefby- terians, and ibme Independents ; and yet all be Ifraelites indeed, belonging to the fame Socrat Hift. ele &ion of grace, and (as it is written of the ' c> * Novatian faction, and the orthodoxe Chrif- tians of that time) they may all jointly con- tribute materials to the building up of our temple; and therefore it would be necef- fary WALLER'S VINDICATION. 229 fary to have a fitt diftin&ion held, between thofe, whofe tenets are definitive to the fundamentals, the effentials of religion, the pr.ima credibllia (as they call them) ; and thofe who differ from us only in cir- cumftances and deduced points. To the firft, there is no place to be given, no not for an hour -, there is not fo much as the civility of a God-fpeed to be allowed them but as enemies to the Crofs of Chrift, they * Job. * are to be profecuted with Anathema Ma- ranatha. There can be no arbitrament made between GOD and the Devil. But as to thofe who are divided from us, only in things indifferent, in matters only cere- monial and ritual (though I could wifh in my heart, that even in thofe particulars there were fuch an agreement as might produce an uniform contemplation of CHRIST among us); yet I cannot but think, there mould be much tendernefs and condefcenfion ufed towards them. Certainly that frame of fpirit is moft con- 230 WALLER'S VINDICATION. Matth. xviil. formable to our Saviour's temper, who 6. Rom. xv. would not have his believing little ones offended. It is the Apoftle's rule, that thofe that are flrong ought to bear the in- firmities of the weak, and not to pleafe themfelvs, but others for their good unto edification. And it was the Apoflolical practife, in that firft Council at Jerufalem, not to impofe any thing upon the Church, but what was of necefTary obfervation; and even in thofe very particulars which they did enjoy n, it is remarkable, that they ex- acted not any rigid obedience, but with al- lowance of a prudential latitude. Upon which ground, St. Paul (notwithflanding Aft, xvi 3. j ne canon ' m difpenfation of circumcifion) took Timothy, and circumcifed him - t be- caufe of the weak Jews which were in thofe quarters, that he might gain them by that compliance; and the whole Church, not long after, affumed the like freedome, to lay by thofe other adts concerning abfti- nence from meats offered to idols, and from blood WALLER'S VINDICATION. 231 * blood, when the caufes and confiderations upon which they were pafled (which re- ferred to the fuperftition of the Jews, and the coalition of the Gentils with them) were removed, and taken away. This was the Chriftian liberty of the primitive times, even in thofe things, which, at their firfl inftitution, were held neceflary. As for matters of bare form, and politic and difcipline, they were never then look'd upon as of the freehold of reli- gion, annexed to the eflence of it; but as in the nature of moveables, which might be parted with t falvo contenemento (accord- ing to the language of the law), and there- fore they were not impofed with any ne- ceflary and penal obligation, but left to fpiritual difcretion, to be varied, as times and places, and accidents mould require. Accordingly we read of divers ancient cuf- Caffand. in if i- t. J defenCOffic. toms m the church (fuch as were the ad- p ii viri. miniflration of the communion to infants, the trine immeriion in baptifrne, the not fafling 232 WALLER'S VINDICATION. fafting, and not kneeling between Eafter and Whitfuntide, night vigils, and others), that have been fince, upon good, grounds, and without offence, abolifhed. We read of feveral churches that have inftituted and reteined their feveral rites, as the churches of Alexandria and Thebais, that ufed to re- ceive the communion after fuper ; that of Antioch in Syria, that obferved praying to the weft; that of Rome, that obferved their Saturday fafts, contrary to the manner of all other churches, and yet none of them cenfured for their inconformity. St. Au- guftine was of opinion, that all churches were to be left free, to the ufe of their own cuftoms, though it were but for this rea- fon, that by their multiformity, people might be convinced that rites and ceremo- nies were not of the fubftance of religion, and that religion was not tied to them. In thofe good days, a difference about a formality made no difference in point of Nioph. 1. iv, Charity. Witnefs the example of Anicetus and WALLER'S VINDICATION.' 233 and Polycarpus -, the one Bifhop of Rome, the other of Smyrna; who, though they differed both in opinion and practife, about the celebration of Eafter, yet when Poly- carpus came to Rome, upon occafion of the difference, Anicetus received him as a brother, and ceded to him fo farr, as to let him officiate in his own church. This unity of the fpirit, in the bond of peace, continued to Pope Victor's time, who was Eufeb. Hill, the firft that compelled conformity in ce- remonials, but he was fufficiently reproved for it by Irenams, upon this ground, that Catalog. the obfervation of fuch things ought to be fol. 10. free. And yet all the violence of that Pope could not prevail fo much, but the doctrine of Chriftian liberty was defended, and mainteined both by Irenasus and others, FOX. Afts, and fo continued in the church, untill after the Council of Nice. It is true, in the following ages, Charles the Great enforced Naucler. the obfervation of the Romifh rites, upon his fubje&s, cum minis f fupticiis. And Ph. Momay de Euchar. Alphonfo l. i. c. 8. WALLER'S VINDICATION. Alphonfo the Sixth, King of Spain, did the like in his dominions : but it was with the infinit regret of their people j and both of them hear ill for it to this day. I arn therefore againfl the fevere, and (I think) unre&ifyed zeal of thofe that do not only prefs thefe things upon men's conferences by the neceffity of a command- ment, which GOD hath left at large ; but exadl obedience to their injunctions, with fanguinary penalties. This is to make our Saviour a Moloch, or an heathen idol, as if he were pleafed with humane facrifices, which he abhorrs. It is obfervable, that when Anti-chrift is to be deftroyed and confumed, it mail not be ore gladii butjpi^ ritu oris ; it fhall not be by force of arms, but by the powerfull operation of the word; per linum, according to that prophefy of the Sibyll, that is, per char tarn (as Theo- dor Bibliander expoundeth it) cnjus materia eft llnum maceratum ; by paper, by the writ- ten word of GOD : and if, in points funda- mental WALLER'S VINDICATION. 235 mental and of fubftance in religion, if in the oppolition to Antichrift himfelf, there be fo much tendernefs to be ufed; then certainly, in things, Adiaphorus, in middle and indifferent things, there is much more to be indulged. We muft therefore be- ware, that in procuring and muniting this unity in the church, as to exterior forms of worfhip and ecclefiafHcal politic, we do not offend any of thofe little ones, who cannot, out of confcience, or will not (it may be) out of weaknefs, come up to us precifely, in every degree and minute, and fcruple of rite and ceremony, leaft other- wife, while we heave too eagerly and vio- lently at every irregular twigg, we make the axe head fly from the helve, and chance to deftroy our brother, for whom CHRIST dyed, In this cafe, our Saviour's rule is obfervable, which is, in things material and doclrinal, to account thofe againft us, that are not with us ; but in things only formal, and of circumftance, to reckon thofe 236 WALLER'S VINDICATION. thofe with us, that are not againfl us, I wifli it were better followed. But yet again (if I may have leave to fpeak my wimes) ; I would not have this grace turned into wantonnefs. I could wifh, that in declining thofe ceremonies and rites, which carry an appearance of fuperftition and vanity, men would not run into a contrary extreme of irreverence, negleft, and profanefs. Such humorifls there were anciently; and I wifh there were not.fo many of them now, >ui vacant proftrationem difciplinte, Jimplmtatem -, that call, or rather mifcall, the proftration and abolition of all exterior difcipline and ce- remony, by the name of Chriftian fimpli- city and primitive purity. But certainly there is a weight in thofe words, omnla i^Cor.xiv. decenter. GOD delights to be ferved in a fober, but yet orderly, and comly way; and as he is not taken with pompe and oftentation: fo he abhorreth fordidnefs, and ilutterie in his church, as well as in his camp. WALLER'S VINDICATION. 237 camp. No Chriftian church in the world is, or can be, without the ufe of fome ce- remonies. Indeed the principal glory thereof is, ab intus ; but yet there is varie- ias in ve/te -, decent orders and forms help to adorn it. For my own part, I am not, nor ever was, againil a modefl drefs of re- ligion : but 1 like not affected decorations. Thofe artifices (like the wanton drefs of Ecclef. Hift. 1. viii. c. i. that woman that gave offence to Pambo) mew, as if there were more care taken to pleafe men than to pleafe GOD. For the better removing all offences of this nature, and in order to the peace. of the church, it were good that were fome regulation of ceremonies, as that i ft, they might not be too numerous, and fo bur- thenfom. 2d, That they might not be in- congruous to the rules of faith, and fo fcandalous. 3d, That they might not tend to fuperftition, but unto edifying. And 4th, That they might not be vitiated in WALLER'S in their practife, and made real parts of the worihip and fervice of GOD > but be left arbitrary as indifferencies, Jine obligatione ad culpam* If thefe cautions might be ob- ferved in the admiffion of our ritual forms, ubi flimulus? But I fubmit to better judgments. As to that which is urged by fome, that all church orders fhould be reduced to the primitive inftitutions, I like it well in doctrinals which concern the body of religion, wherein there fhould not be the leaft fhadow of a change allow- ed : but for outward circumftances, which are but the accoutrements and modes of the church, this precifenefs would be both inifbecoming and prejudicial to the confli- tution of it ; as it would appear, not only ftrange and uncouth, but be difagreeable to our complexions, and hurtfull to our healths, if, becaufeour firft parents were clad with coats of fkins, fitted for them by GOD liimfelf,wee mould quitt our prefent habits, and WALLER'S VINDICATION. 239 and go like them, only upon the account, that what they wore was the primitive famion, and of divine inftitution. To clofe this difcourfe. If ever it mould pleafe GOD to reftore the Parliament and aflembly to a being again, I could heartily wifh (I prefume not to advife). The in- A q oln - ' V- q. 106. a. 3. ferior angels, if we believe the fchools, take not upon them to illuminate thofe of a fuperior Hierarchy : but I could wifh with all humblenefs), that the aflembly might be enlarged to a general fynod of all the reformed churches, with admifiion of a fitt number of divines of all parties ; and that all points in controverfy might therein receive their full determination. Whereby, in my poor opinion, r there would be a double advantage gained ; the one to the church, in the authority of fuch a fanction, which would involve all intereft, and filence all oppolition : and the other to the date, in the additional and fubfi- diary ftrength that would accrue unto it, by 240 WALLER'S by a firm conjunction and union of thd Proteftant Party throughout all Chriften- dome -, whofe fwords would be engaged to defend what their tro wells had helped to build with us. But then, if we would have this meeting fignify any thing, it muft be free, as well as general. For if none but thofe of the predominant partie govern in it, they will make it but the fecond part of the Council of Trent ; and deal with all diffenters from their intereft (as Luther jefted at the fummoning of that council), much like unto them that delude a dog with a cruft and a knife ; who infteed of beftowing the bread upon him, which they feem to promife, make him feel the weight of the haft. I confefs, that according to the prefent afpect and configuration of affairs, there is but very little hope ap- pearing, that thofe or any other wifhes of this kinde mould be likely to prove efFec- tuale. But that defperation begets my hope, *hat it may be time for the LORD to work, WALLER'S VINDICATION* 24! Quia neceffe eft> ibi adeffe divinum, ubi ceJJ'at Jofeph Antiq. humanum con/ilium* The good LORD, in 'his good time, (hew mercy to the afflicted eftate of this church ; even for his fake, who in all our afflictions is afflicted. Mife* rere Domini nojlri JESU CHRISTI > as Luther prayed. I hold myfelf obliged by the laws of the land, the oath of allegiance, and the cove- nant (as by a threefold cord), to the pre- fer vation of monarchy, with all the jufl rights and prerogatives thereunto belong- ing. This is fo plain and evident, that, like a mathematical demonflration, it is not to be proved, but granted. What kws have we, or ever had, but either regal, or imperial ? Thofe of the Romans, Mercians, Weft Saxons, Danes, Northumbrian^, Nor- mans, have all the impreffion of the crowne upon them ; and nothing is current for legal among us, but under that ftampe. It is true the ordinances of Parliament have been taken as obligatory, in cafes of ex- treme necefiity, pro tempore. But they are R not WALLER'S VINDICATION. not of force to binde as laws, ad femper, without the King's concurrence. And therefore it was, upon a rational ground, defired by the army, in their above men- tioned reprefentations, March 1646, that the royal affent might be procured to their ordinance of indemnity, as well knowing, that without this fignature, nothing could be firmly eftablilhed. Bra&on hath a fay- ing out of Juftinian, Lex facit y ut ipfe Jit Rex-j and it will bear an inver&onrRfxfacif, ut iff a fit Lex. All our bills are but crude conceptions, untill they be qukkned by Le Roy le veu/f. In this fenfe we may fay, The King's Will is our Law. As for the oath of allegiance, and the covenant, they do not crofs one another (as hath been rightly declared by the Af- fembly of Divines and both Houfes, in their exhortation to take the covenant), but, like a double lock,, they ferve more firmly to engage men in the prefervatiort and defence both of the perfon of the King (for the time being), and of the royal WALLER'S VINDICATION. royal authority: and however fom would elude this obligation in the covenant, by wrefting the words (in the prefervation and defence of the true religion and liber- ties of the kingdom) to a reftridlion of the engagement, for the prefervation and defence of the Kings authority, as if it fhould be no further binding then as it may be conliftent with the maintenance of re- ligion and liberty. Yet that is upon a pre* fuppofition, that religion and liberty are inconfiflent with that authority, which is a principle that will never be granted, and can never be proved. GOD knows, I took the covenant, as I took the oath of alle- giance, without equivocations, or mental refervations, and all the conftrutlion I can make of that claufe (except I would lame it with {training it) is no more but that, together with the prefervation, and defence of religion and liberty, I vow to preferve and defend the King's authority, the par- ticle in, being there merely conjunctive, and referring equally both to the one and R 2 the 244 WALLER'S VINDICATION; the other. I think, I may fay of the fenfc of this paflage, as Maldonat faith of the .2(1 of Luke, v. 34, Nefcio, annon facilior hie locus fui]]et t ji nemo eum expofuiffet. It would have been plain enough if it had not been expounded. But belides thefe obligations of law and gofpel (as I may fay), that binde mee, there is enough in reafon to perfuade mee to the maintenance of monarchical govern- ment; both as it is in itfelf a form of of politic, the moft ancient, and natural ; and as it is unto this nation, of all others, ,the moft congenial. For the antiquity thereof, not to fpeak of the divine mo- .narchy of GOD, in the univerfal world; and of CHRIST in the Catholique Church, further then to inferr, that that kinde of regiment muft needs, according to a fquare of reafon, be the. moft exact and perfed, which hath in it the neereft approche and conformity to the kingdomeofGoD,and his CHRITS: It is a truth, as clear as the/un, and .within two days as old, that the original donation .WALLER'S VINDICATION* 245 donation of government is from GOD, and was by him fettled and vefted upon man, in confide ration of the divine image im-- prefTed upon him at his creation. The words of the grant are exprefs ; GOD faid, Let us make man after our own image, Gen. i. 26. and let him have dominion over the fim of the fea, and the fowls of the air, and the beafts of the earth. From whence it is well inferred, Non fundatur dominium nift. m imagine DEL But yet this feemeth hot to com home to our cafe. For according to this obfervation, as all men are lords and matters over all inferior creatures, fo they mould be all fellows one with another, and confequently there would be no rule at all among them; for in a co-equality of power, there can be no predomination, no more then in a confort of mufick there can be an harmony where every one lings, or plays the fame part, Nihil aqualitate incequalius. Wee muft therefore make a further enquiry what regiment or policy was in ufe firil among men. For certain- R3 it 246 -WALLER'S VINDICATION. Hab. 1. 14. it is (however the Prophet fpake in his paffion), that GOD did not make men as the fifhes of the fea, and as the creeping Pfal. via. things that have no ruler over them. It was never intended by his providence, that thofe noble creatures, whom he had made but a little lower than himfelf, and under whofe feet he had fubjeded all things, mould link into a confufion among them-? felves, and trample one upon another. As to this it may be conjectured upon good grounds, that the firft forme of government, after the earth began in any meafure to be peopled, was by a fingle per- fon ; it is true, we finde that forme entitled, SalianAnnal. the rule of paternity and elderfhip, and it Eccles. may feem to have had the precedency of monarchy, in that infancy of the world, for about fower hundred feventy five years from the creation, as Syncellus reckoneth k ' or accordin g to Pandorus his account, one thoufand fifty feven, who calleth that fpace, Xgovov a^ao^oijmi/, the time with- out Kings. But if we confider the latitude was WALLER'S. VINDICATION. 247 wherewith that paternal and elderly rule was exercifed, we fhaH finde it to have been no other in effedt then purely mo- narchicall; the fathers of nations being re- puted as kings in that age, and the eldefl Raleigh, 1. 1. of families as fubordinate princes under them. That Adam had the dominion over his wife and children, and that he infti- tuted religious rites and ceremonies in his family; as alfo that Cain had the title of elderfhip by birth, whereby he was to have ruled over his brother, is generally taken for granted, and is in part literally expref- fed in Scripture. It may be further ob- ferved, that whereas in our Bibles we read, that the fons of GOD faw the daughters of Gen.vi.2. men; the Chaldee, Samaritan, and Arabic tranflations render it, Filii principum, Jilii Bibl. Poiy- dominatorum^ & flu illuftrium, the fons of princes, of rulers, of nobles ; with refe- rence (as the learned Ainfworth is of opi- Ainfw.inioc. nion) to Seth the fon of Adam, and the other Patriarchs, who living long, and multiplying to a vail proportion, reteined R 4 a foverain 24$ WALLER'S VINDICATION. Reinecdus. a foverain power over their refpecHve ilTues. What that power and authority was, may be collected from the pradice of thofe fathers after the Floud, when for a time that government was refumed : they Gen. xiv. 13, took upon them to levy warr, to make &xxvi.3i.& peace, to enter into leagues and confede- auxviii. 24. racies, to inflict capital punishments ; and wanted nothing but the title and formality of being kings. And this natural policy (as I may call it) was not only in ufe amongil thofe fathers both before and after the deluge, but likewife at one time or other throughout the univerfal world ; fo that what power the magiilrate had in the ilate, the father Ariftot. Poll- had in the family. Heathen authors are tic, \, i.e. i. clear in this. Homer faith, that to fathers within their private families, nature hath given a ligiflative power, Natis dat, G? con- jugibus leges quifque. Every man was a lawgiver to all that related to him under his own roof, to all that were Homqfitioi (as Charondas WALLER'S VINDICATION. 249 Charondas called them), fellow-trencher- men in his houfe, or (as Epimenides ftileth them) Homocapnoi, that lived together within the fmoak of his chimneys. Arif- totle fpeaks home, and in plain terms af- Ariftot.Polit. firmeth, that a father had a regal power over his children ; and that quatenus, a father, as having a right to command what he had gotten. And in another place, proving out of Homer, that in the beginning people were governed by one king, and the eldeft in the family was king, he maketh the paternal and regal form of government, one and the fame in nature, Jpfum regnum fuapte natura im- Ariftot.Polit. perium eft pater num ; and concludeth them to be after a fort convertible, that as the government ceconomical, or paternal, was regnum quoddam -, fo the regal was qu world; the memorial whereof was extant, in certain tables of ftone remaining in (I know not what) iiland in the Eaft Indies. Bolduc hath the confidence to deduce a fucceffion of monarchs, from Enos to Cai- nan, and fo down to Noah. But Cedren, an author of more credit, and inflrudted out of the ancients, traceth this fove- rainety further upward, and fixeth it upon Seth, WALLER'S VINDICATION. 257 Seth, whofe name we meet with in Plu- Plutarch, de Ifide & Ofi- tarch, as honoured and revered by the de Egyptians, for their moft ancient parent and patron of the firfl tradition. Unto which, if wee fubjoyn the affirmation of Conftantine Manafles, that the Egyptians Conft.Man. p H were the firft people in the world that ad- mitted kingmip - t and add to that, the au- thority of Eufebius, who accounteth the Euf< J- De ' 9 monftrat Egyptian kingdom to have been coeval Evangel. with the beginning of the world; we may, putting all together, fpell fomthing out of thofe teftimonies in favour of this opinion. But Cedren flops not at Seth, but lays his ^ d rc ^ com ' axe to the root, and makes Adam himfelf to have been the fole governor or com- mander of all mankind, fo long as he lived. Somthing in confirmation of this it hath been obferved by Eufebius, that the gods Eufeb. de Prjepar. of the heathen, Saturn, Jupiter, Mercury, Evangel. Vulcan, Apollo, were all kings of their fe veral times ; and rie is not alone in this opinion. Herodotus fpeaking of them, affirmeth, Euhemems apud Lad. S that 258 WALLER'S VINDICATION. nt.i n de that they were firft deify'd by the Egyn- Fals Rel c. >l. Hero tians 5 and Armotle, relating to the mo- dotus in F,u trrpe Ariftot. narchical government in that primitive PcU.iii.c.io.. age, calleth it heroic, wherein people made men kings, and then made thofe kings, gods, according as they had merited of them, either by the invention or tradition of arts and fciences to them, or by protecting them by their arms and counfels. Now, if we confider what was faid before out of Con- flantine ManafTes and Eufebius, touching the antiquity of the Egyptian kings, and their date of times (which could not be all feined), and why thofe foremeritioned kings were enrolled in heaven by them, we mall fjnde fom reafon to fubfcribe to the con- jecture of thofe learned men, who guefs Saturn to have been no other than Adam, under whofe reign they reckon the golden age -, in allufion to the ftate of innocency, or the limplicity of that infant age; and who account Jupiter to have been Cain, the firft founder of cities, as indeed he was of WALLER'S VINDICATION. 259 of Henoch; and Mercury, Apollo, and Vulcan, the inventors of paflorage, mufick, and fmithfcraft, to have been Jubal, and Tubal, and Tubal-cain. This laft in name hath fom affinity with Vulcan, whofe fitter (and poflibly wife, according to the cuf- tome of that time) was Naamah, whom. St. Auguftin expoundeth to have been Venus. Upon the whole matter, that be droll of Egyptian kings, and gods, taken up afterwards by the Phenicians, Phry-r gians, Cretans, Greeks, and other nations, may feem to have been but the comme-? moration of fome of thofe fathers before the floud (beginning from the firfl man Adam), who reigned over their refpective defcendants ; and by their piety, juftice, and fortitude merited that honour from them, But of this fubject, the mod learn* ed Selden hath written more at large, in his excellent book of the Titles of Honour, wherein I may fay, his pen hath done ho- S 2 nour 260 WALLER'S VINDICATION. nour to thofe titles, I referr the curious reader to him. Thefe are ancient things j and the re- maining memory of them appeareth unto us no otherwife then like a crack'd moul- dred picture, whereof we may difcern here and there fome decayed lineaments and touches, but cannot poflibly make out the full and entire proportion. Neverthelefs, they are not fo totally to be rejected, but that fom veneration may be due to the re- liques of thofe times : there may be fom- thing pick'd out of thefe fragments, that Died. Ficul. mav f er ve to give them a value; as Ochus found reafon to fett an high price upon the afhes and rubbilh of Zidon, after it was demolifli'd. Neither doth it follow, that becaufe the Scripture is filent as* to thefe particulars, therefore there fhould be no credit given to any other teilimony: for even in Scripture we meet with feveral paflages relating to the ancient records of the WALLER'S VINDICATION. 261, the jews -, as thofe frequent references to the books of Tamer, Nathan, Shemaiah, JJ> x * ! .3 J 2 Chron. ix. Iddo; to the llory of Tannes, Tambres, and Z 9> an( J *".- J 15, and xiix. to the prophecy of Enoch before the floud; ^.^ ... g none of which were reckoned canonical, J ud> v ' '* or were for many ages before extant, and yet were held of good repute ; or other- wife, we may believe, they would not have been cited, and quoted in the word of GOD. And though thofe firft times were brand- ed by Varro and Epiphanius with the Cenfor.in.dt die natal. marks of ignorance and barbarifm, yet it is not to be doubted but that divers me- co ? tra Ha=f - 1. 1. C. I. morials of them did remain to after ages, both by way of tradition and cabala, and alfo by writing. For the firft, it was moft fhort and eafy from Adam to Methu- felah, who was contemporary with Adam 243 years 5 and from Methufelah to Noah, who lived together with that longevall father no lefs than five hundred years; by whom, and his fonns, that knowledge might be conveyed to fucceeding ge- S 3 nerations 262 WALLER'S VINDICATION. iterations. For the other, it may be con- ceived upon probable grounds, that it was not unknown in that firft age of the world, and therefore, with much more eafe and certainty, the memory of things might be continued, through the floud, to thofe fol- lowing times* To fay nothing of that ftory, in Annius his Berofus, of Noah his writing, upon a monument of ftone, the paflages of his being faved in the arke, or of that Hiftory of the Giants, reported by Cedren to have been written by Cainan, or, as others would have it, by Sala - t or of that book of the Creation, faid (together Kircher. i. i. with fom other pieces) to have been writ- ten by Adam (all which we pafs by as forgeries and rabbinical fancies). It is a truth undeniable, according to the judg- Auguftinde ment of St. Auguftin, that Enoch, the Civit. Dei, l. xv. feventh from Adam, did write nonnulla divina, divers divine things. Of his pro- Jude.Ep. v. phecy St. Jude maketh mention; and of Origin.Hom. his book of aftronomv, both Orieen and xxviii. * & Tertullian, WALLER'S VINDICATION. 263 Tertullian; the latter of whom affirmeth, Tertuliiande , N habit- mulie- that he had feen and read fome pages m,n. thereof. Suidas faith, that letters were invented by Seth; which Cedren con- firmeth ; the proof whereof remained on his pillars, erected and infcribed by him; one of which was faid by Jofephus to be extant in his time. But Salianus taketh that to be an argument rather of the ufe of letters in that age, then of his invention of them. Not to fpeak of that marke, fett upon Cain by the hand of GOD, which fome of the ancient Hebrews would ima- Genebrard. gine to have been one of the letters of Abel's name - y moft likely it is, that Adam was the firft inventor of this admirable knowledge ; and that he had it, by reve- lation from GOD, and taught it to Seth and his pofterity. And in this, both the Hebrew Doctors, and the Chaldeans, Ara- bians, Samaritans, Abaflins, and Egyptians Walton in &yr Prolegom ad do all agree j which being admitted, as B ?o1 /- upon probable grounds, it is not difficult to S 4 264 WALLER'S VINDICATION. conceive, that the intelligence of thofe times, before the floud, might by tradition, or writing, be delivered to after ages. So Tcrtul. de Tertullian gueffeth, that the works of habit, niulicr JSnoch were preferved by Noah in the ark; and Berofus affirmeth (out of the Chaldean records), that the written memorials of thofe times were by a divine command buried in the earth at Heliopolis, and fo kept from being buried in the floud, as we have before mentioned. And this is con- Prap b a'r. tlc firmed by Eufebius, out of Abydenus, who Evangel. fakh) it was xifuther ( the k ft Chaldean king) that did this, being forewarned by Saturn of the floud to come. But I pro- ceed. In the following times, after that uni- verfal deluge, we may with more eafe, and by a better light, trace the original, the growth, and propagation of monarchy. Vid. Bolduc. ,r, u , , , - c 1. 1. c . , r> There are authors, and thofe of great anti- id LII.C. 6. credit ^ as Alexander Polyhiftor, and others^ that derive the beginning of it from WALLER'S VINDICATION." 265 from Noah ; and that by a title preceding the floud, neer about one hundred and fowerfcore years, and continued through it under the na:ne of Xifuther, formerly fpoken of. That Noah held the fame re- gard and veneration among the families of his fons, as Adam did among his after their generations, is very probable, and Cedren averreth it, who writeth of him, Cedren.Hift* 1 -1 -1 t 11- corap. f. i z that in the nine hundred and thirtieth year of his age, being warned by God, he made his laft will and teftament, and thereby- divided the earth between his three fons, allotting unto every one his portion, with command that they mould not invade each other. To Sem, he bequeathed the coun- tries of Paleftina, Perfia, Bactria, and all thofe eaftern parts as far as India : "Of jcos.l ryv KpefAoviuv $ie$t%al& ptf a,UTov t who, as he faith, fucceeded him in the empire. To Cham, he left Egypt, Mauritania, and the reft of Africk ; and to Japhet r all thofe territories that lay from Media weftward, as 266 Seld. Tltl.of Honor, 1. i. c. I. . Kircher. de one. Lit. Li.C. 2. BoWuc. de Eccles. Seld.Tit.of Hon. I. c. i . WALLER'S VINMCATIOW. as farr as 'Gades, and the Brittim iflands. Thus far Cedren. But we mail not reft upon his iingle evidence, Selden is of .of opinion, that all thofe fons of Noah were kings over thofe refpe&ive patrimo- nies afligned to them by their father. For Sem, if he were the fame perfon with Mel- chizedek (as moft authors agree he was), we have an exprefs teftimony in Scripture, that he was king of Salem. As to Cham, it is recorded of him by divers ancient writers, that he was intitled Zoroafter, of that cognomination the firft ; and that he reigned in Egypt, and was there deifyed by the name of Jupiter Hammon ; and of Japhet, Bolduc out of Methodius, giveth this teftimony, that he was king of Eu- rope. But we have a fure word to afcertain us, that fhortly after Noah iflued out of the arke (fom fay, little more then feventy years, which was fo foon almoft as the fur- face of the earth could be throughly dry), Nimrod, WALLER'S VINDICATION. 267 Nimrod began to take his pleafure in hunting; who, from that invention (as Cedren affirmeth), was placed among the flars of heaven, and called Orion; and therefore the conftellation of the dog was joined with him. But faving that fancy, it is evident, that as Cleopatra advifed An- pi ut . in Vit. thony to fiih, fo, without help of any fuch advice, Nimrod did take the boldnefs to hunt for provinces and kingdoms; and $hat was his game. But befides this, there are good proofs to evince, that not only in the following days of Serug, but even in the reign of Nimrod (if not before it), divers others claimed free warren in the world, as well as he. We read of Cufh his father, and Mifraim his uncle, that they took the fame liberty, the one in Chaldea, the other in Egypt ; both by order of their father Cham, as Kircharus, out of the ancients, Kircher. non vztiofa, fed vitium (to make ufe of Martial's expreffion Mart. 1. n. in another fenfe) as corrupt, in totafubftan- tidy and deferving no credit at all : holding that before the coming in of the Romans, the inhabitants of this country were little more then once removed from the falvage, living (as at this day the Indians of the Weft do) in a free natural fimplicity, with- strabo, 1. iv. out any entire rule or combination among them. That they were divided into many T ^ little 276 WALLER'S VINDICATION. little ftates and regiments ; and thofe in all likelyhood, Democratical; according to the cullome of the Gauls, and of the Northern people of this very ifland ; who were for the mofl part fwayed by popular counfels, as Dion Nicams, out of the epitome of Xiphiline, expreffly affirmeth, that thofe here whome Cefar calleth kings, and Strabo kinglings, (Reguli) fuch as were Caffivel- lanus, and the fower Kings of Kent, were, upon a true accompt, no other then Gene- rals and Commanders elected by the people to manage affairs, in cafes of public danger. And laftly, that in thofe days, there was no king in this our Brittifh Ifrael (properly fo fliled), untill the reign of Auguftus ; in whofe time we read of Cunobellinus or Cynobellinus, entitled King of the Brittains Sueton, in by Suetonius, and Dioj and that both he Auguft. Dio. Hift. 1. 60, and thofe Kings that followed him, were not Free Princes, but only Inftrument& TadUnVUa Seryitutiis, as Tacitus termeth them, a kind? WALLER'S VINDICATION; kinde of things fet up, and impofed Upon the poor natives, only to hold them in a tame fubjection. For mine own part, I can look upon this conteft with a very calm difinterefled af- $e&, fupefciliis. quietus, as Heracleo faid, as Plut.de Orac. defect. being of no faction, but (according to Dr. D. Powd. Epift.de Hift. Powel's advice) indifferently ballanced be- Brit, refte iu- tween thofe eafy natur'd people, that are ready to take every thing for currant, that hath the ftampe of the Brittim ftory upon it, Jim ullo jitdicn negotio, (as it is faid in Gellius) without giving themfelvs the A. Gellius. Npft. Attic. trouble to weigh it in the fcale of reafon: Li.c. 15* and thofe that are fo hard of belief, that they will receive nothing at all of it : as if they affected the art that Maldonat maketh mention of, nlbil credendi* I confefs it is an hard matter to make any pofitive judg- ment, in a cafe of fo great antiquity; wherein (as in a vaft profpect), our eye doth but lofe itfelf, and the further we look, the lefs we fee the image of thofe T 3 times, 2yS WALLER'S VINDICATION* times, appearing to us no otherwife, then- Job. iv. 1 6 as that fpirit appeared to Eliphaz, in an obfcure confufed figure, the perfect form whereof we are not able to difcern. But yet in that middle way, between a credu- lity and an infidelity, I think there may be fo much evinced out of the whole matter of that ftory, as may ferve to make it ap- pear, that even in thofe days of old, before the date of the Julian accompt, I mean before the coming in of the Romans, this country was not fuch a nothing in nature; (inane nature, as Pliny phrafeth it) nor the people fuch a no people, as fom would fancy : but that from all antiquity (fo far as the candle of letters or tradition, can give us any light) here hath been a con- tinual regal form of government. To make this full weight, I crave but the allowance of thofe few grains which we ufually caft into the fcales, unto other nations in like cafe. As firft, that in mat- ters of the originals of people, and flates, it WALLER'S VINDICATION* 279 it is fitter (as Myrfilus faith) credere Ipfis Myrfll de Bello. Pelafg. genttbus quam remotis, to receive the tern- c. 3. mony of natives, then of forreiners are ftrangers, as of thofe that in reafon muft be more concerned for, and better ac- quainted with the monuments of their own country, then any others; upon which account we give more credit to Jofephus his hiflory of the Antiquities of the Jews, who, was himfelf a Jew, and well verfed in their writings and records, then to what is delivered upon that fubject by Diodorus, Strabo, Juftin, or Tacitus : who, though otherwife authors of great reputation, yet being aliens, from the Commonwealth of Ifrael, concerning the truth, erred groffly, . If this right be deny'd to the poor Brittains, their memo- rial mufl needs perifh with them ; for until the latter times, they were fo fecluded from the knowledge, as well as from the fitua- t^on of the reft of the world, that neither Grecian nor Roman could, for many ages, T 4 tell 2 go WALLER'S VINDICATION. tell whether there were fuch a people in Polyb. Hift. reruin natura, or no ; and after that Poly- bius and Lucretius, had discovered their name, it remained a queftion, Whether the country were an iiland or a continent ; and Dio. 1. 29, as Dio ingenuoufly confefleth, much was faid on both fides, by thofe that knew not what they faid, but wrote by conjecture, as their fancy led them > and therefore, in this cafe, there IB no choice, but either the Brittains mufl be admitted, ta clear thek own antiquities,, or none elfe can do it. In the fecond place,, I conceive it n^ unreafonable demand to have it granted, that in thefe enquiries, it may be juftifi- able to admit traditional proofs^ This is- no more courtefy then is allowed all na- tions under the cope of Heaven; there Being no other evidence poffibly to be pro- duced, in cafes de origmibus,. before the ufe of letters, which feldom or never were in practice in the infancy of any government! 1 or flates; but then, when they were com WALLER'S VINDICATION. ep towards their full growth, the firil knowledge of the firft times was deriv'd this way : Ex animo in animum fine literis, media inter cedente verbo, as Dionyfius faith. The Grecians that brag'd fo much of the antiquity of their learning from Cadmus, Would not (as Jofephus telleth them) mew jofeph. any ofie record of that time; but were fain to reft upon tradition, for proof, that they had been taught to read, and write. And it feems, the practice of Writing was then fo rare, that for fome hundreds of years after Cadmus, there was nothing of that nature extant among them ; Homer himfelf, though fo good a Poet, yet, as it Is faid, was not fo good a penman as to write his compofures, but delivered them by word of rnouth in feveral canto's or fbngs: and fo committed them to memory. Livy makes a queftion, whether the Ro- LIV. Dec, i mans had any thing to mew, for all the times before the facking of their city, by the Gauls, more then fames, and reports paired 382 WALLER'S VINDICATION* paffed from one hand to another, which Polybius calls 'Axortu s? cc Kopv : and he affirms diredly, that they had not an hif- torian among them untill the fecond Pa- nick warr, when Fabius Pictor began to write, fo that for three hundred years at the leaft, if not five hundred, they were fain, in a great meafure, to make ufe of that cabinet of air tradition, wherein to lay up the remembrance of their begin- nings, and firft progreffes in the world. All this, notwithftanding we are contented to give credit to Greek and Roman authors, though taking up their knowledge of anti- quity, upon the accompt and truft of this kind of Cabala. And why we mould not aft our hiftorical faith with the fame Charity to our own writers, when they are neceflitated to ufe the like freedome, I for my part, fee no reafon. And this the rather, for the honeft care taken by the Brittains, to preferve their memorials un- corrupt, by calling their bards who were their WALLER'S VINDICATION* 283 their living chronicles to examination at their Sethtia's, or public conventions; and there paffing their cenfures upon what was commendable or faulty, either in the matter or forme of their poems. In the lafl place, I take it for granted, that the intermixture of fome fictions in an hiftory, though it be extremely blame- able, yet is not of fuch a leavening nature, as to fowre it fo, that it fhould be there- fore rejected in the whole lump. Upon thofe terms, Herodotus, Livy, Dionyfius, HalicarnafTus, and almoft all the old writers might bid farewell to the world, if they were queflioned, and take their journey into the fire. There is nothing more evi- dent, then that the ftory of Hector, Achilles, and Agamemnon, was poetically written by Homer, with a world of fabu- lous amplifications ; and yet Metrodorus is juftly derided by Tartianus, for denying that whole flory, becaufe fome particular pafTages in it appeared to be incredible. Diodorus WALlER'3 VlNDICATlOlSN Diodorus faid well, In prifcis rebus, veritas fton eft ad unguem quarenda* In matters of antiquity we muffc not be fo fcrupulous as to meafure the truth of every thing to a nayl. It is not to be denied^ but that Geoffry of Monmouth and his followers, have (out of a vain defire to fet off and glorify the Brittilh nation) corrupted the memorials of thofe old times by interlard-* ing them (as for tafle's fake) with divers tonconfcionable tales of princefles errant, and Hobgoblins, and giants (fuch indeed as are only fitt to make men laugh, and children cry), wherein, like the afs in the fable, they have but don hurt where they meant to khTe; and by endeavouring to make lies mew like truth, have made truths flitw like lies j and confequently, have leflened the whole flory by magni- tlv. dec. i. fying it* But yet with Livy's, detur vem'a, I* i with a by you leave, I think fomthing may be indulged to them, if together with thofe wild chimeras and fancies, they have brought WALLER'S VINDICATION. 285 brought any thing of probable truth to our knowledge, which otherwife would have been buried in oblivion - 9 though they have done it but commode (according to Varro's expreffion). T Varr - \ & & Ling. Lat. To this I may add a fit caution, as to the cenfure of that ftory, which pafleth under the name of Geoffrey ; that there ought to be a diftin&ion had between what is of the ancient ftory that is rational, and what is of his invention, palpably fabu- lous. For it is delivered from good hands, that the ftory was never of his compiling ; but anciently written in Welch, and com- municated to him by one Walter, Arch- deacon of Oxford, in the reign of King Stephen ; and by him tranflated into La- tine j but moft falfly and corruptly : fo that he may be better entitled, Father of the lyes, then Author of the ftory; and we may be at a liberty to believe the one, and to reject the other. It is true, if the cur- tent of time would ever run backward, and 6 286 WALLER'S VINDICATION. and reftore things pafl to our perfed view and knowledge, it might be a point of judgment for us to fufpend our judgment, in expectation of that dooms-day (as I may call it), when the fecrets of all antiquity mould be revealed. But that being not feperable, I hold it no difgrace, rather to give credit to what hath been anciently delivered by our own writers, then to turn infidel, and believe nothing. With thefe preliminary conceffions, I think the Brittim hiftory may be admitted as paflable, at the leafl for fo much as may ferve to prove, in a general way, that a temfore quo non extat memorta, we have had a regal form of politic among us, in this Poiyd. Virgil, ifland. Polydore himfelf doth not abfo- Jiift. 1.2. in lutely deny that j but likeneth the con- dition of Britaine, as it was of old, to the ftate of Italy, as it was in his time, where- in there were feveral forts of governments, at once co-exiftent, fome under iingle per- fons, others adminifterd by the nobility and WALLER'S VINDICATION 287 and people ; concluding neverthelefs, that thofe that were filled kings here (as Cafii- vellanus among others), were only fuch as had acquired fomthing a greater interefl then their fellows, in their refpective cities. Itfeemeth, that Polydore was fo jealous of doing any honour to that poor people, that he was contented, rather to do injury to his own country : for within the compafs of his memory, as there were the repub- liques of Venice and Genoa flourifhing, fo there was like wife (which he might have taken notice of ) a King of Naples, and other foverain princes that look'd upon themfelvs as holding their quality by a better title then the being potentiores inter altos, which foundeth little more then the being the befl men in their parim. As to his expreffion, dice ctvitates ab uno principe, Polyd. Virgil. ibid. &c. (which term he took out of Cefar) it is well obferved by Cambden, that Cefar, by the word civttas, doth not de- note a particular citie (as we ufe it), for that 2 gg WALLER'S VINDICATION. that he termeth oppidum, a town ; but 9, whole entire people living under the fame laws, fo that every city was then under- ilood to be a country, as may more plainly de appear, in the cafe of the Trinobants, BelloGall. , _, " , _ ._. 1 5 . whom Cefar calleth, Jirmiffiman earum re- gwnum civitatem, and faith that Immanuen- tis reigned over them before Caffivellanus. Tacit. Annal. But out of Tacitus and Ptolemy, it is evi- xlent, that they were a people or nation, inhabiting (as Cambden affirmeth) the counties of EiTex and Middlefex; and that Londinium was the capital town, in all thofe parts, both for traffic and provifions. 60 that according to that account, Imma.- nuentius or Caffivellanus, though but ia- titled Kings of the Trinobants, were more then mayors of a town ; and were not fo #raightned in their jurifdidion, but that they had land- room enough to fwing a fcepter in. I infift not upon the lineal fucceffion of threefcore and eight kings mentioned in the WALLER'S VINDICATION, 289 the Brittifh catalogue, to have reigned here for the fpace of one thoufand and fourty years before the coming in of the Romans* But that fome of thofe princes may have held the 'government in this ifland, I hold ' it not incredible. The particulars deliver- ed concerning Dunwallo, Belinus, and Lud> are fuch as carry the language of fobernefs, if not of truth, with them. We yet re- tein the fubftance of the Molmucine laws, touching the obfervation of juft weights and meafures, the keeping up of tillage, the appointment and priviledge of high ways, (to this day called, the king's high ways). The memory of Belinus and Lud is flill extant upon the gates of London ; and why the city itfelf mould not own the denomination from Lud, with more proba- bility then either from Cambden's Lhown, which iignifieth, a wood or grove; or from Selden's Lhan Dien, the Temple of Diana; or from Verftegan's Lunden, a town in Sconeland ; I fee no reafon, there appear- U ing 190 WALLER'S VINDICATION. ing nothing againft it, but bare conjectures, and that prejudicate opinion againft the whole Brittifh ftory, that it is not fo, be* caufe it is not fo ; which is a reafon with- out reafon. Dr. Powell, a fober man, and learned in the Welch antiquities, holdeth, that from the time of Dunwallo Molmu- cius (which was about five hundred years before the incarnation of our Saviour) the monarchy became divided into feveral prin- cipalities, every one abfolute within itfelf, and all fo confederate, and link'd together, as that in any common danger, they were ready to unite under one fupreme com- mand. But to lay afide our own authors, as having poflibly too much of the party in them: I think it may, with probability enough, be evinced out of the Roman hiftorians, that the government by kings of greateft antiquity among us. Tacitus feemeth to imply fo much in the life of Agricok; where, writing of the Britains, he WALLER'S VINDICATION. 291 he faith* that in old time they were govern- ed by kings (olim regibus pafebant) -, which cannot, with reafon, be understood of the time fubfequent to the Roman invafion: for there patted but little above one hun- dred years, between that and the reign of Domitian (wherein he wrote), and during all that while there was a continuance of kings among them, from Theomantius, who fucceeded Caffivellanus, unto Arvi- ragus and Marius; and therefore, I con- ceive, that expreffion muft of neceffity have a retroafpect to a time of further antiquity. And if I might have leave to offer my humble conjecture, I mould think that the following words of that excellent hiftorian, in the fame place (Nunc per principes fac- Tacit, in Vit. tionibus, & jludiis trahuntur) do, without any ftraining, fignify the contradistinction between that form of rule then exercifed in the nation, under feveral princes or kings, (as he elfewhere calleth them): and that id.Annal, which was formerly practifed, in the days V 2 Of 2^a WALLER'S VINDICATION. of old, when the whole ifland was under one entire government. It is manifeft out Dio. l. Hii. of Dio, that notwithftanding the invafion made by Julius Cefar, the fucceflion of our kings remained uninterrupted unto the reign of Claudius ; during which time this country Suis Regi&us, conceffa, G? fuis Legi- bus eft ufa> as he faith ; and fo much is ac- knowledged on all hands, that that inter- vall was filled up, from the time of Cafll- vellanus, with the fucceflive reigns of Theomantius (according to the Brittifh hiftory) fon of Lud, and nephew of Cafii- vellanus ; of Cunobelinus fonne of Theo- mantius ; and Guinderius fon of Cunobeli- nus* That thefe kings were abfolute, and not meerly titular (as fome would fuggefl) may be gathered fufficiently, both from the coines of Cunobelinus, yet extant among us (which mew him, to have carried the badges of foverainety) and likewife from the circumftances of the ftory of Guinde- rius, who, fo far from recognizing the do- minion WALLER'S VINDICATION* 293 minion of the Romans, that we finde him taking arms againft them, ob non redittos Suet, in Claudig. transfugas, as Suetonius writeth; which was a quarrel only incident between free ftates. But to come out of the dark into a clearer light. Under the following empe- rors, we meet with an unqueftionable ca- talogue of kings; fome, nobly difputing the liberty of their country, with them, in defpight of all their rods and axes: as that brave Caradlacus, invincible, though con- quered, and triumphant in his chains: others, couching under the power of that vaft empire, and contenting themfelves to hold their own, though by a beneficiary title. But the laft mall be firftj the im- mortally glorious, and happy Lucius, the laft of Brittim, and firft of Chriftian kings. It is true, that from him, unto the time of Vortigern, there was a difcontinuance of this government, by the intercurrent rule of Propretors, and Lieutenants, and Vice- U 3 gerents; 294 WALLER'S VINDICATION. gerents : yet upon the declination of the Roman intereft here, it recovered, and got up again, as Gildas teftifieth; and not- withftanding all thofe great changes, by the coming in of the Saxons, Danes, an4 Normans, hath ever lince, untill (his hor- rid eclipfe) enlightened our hemifphere. As to that objection againft our monarchy, that it was, of' old, broken and divided into feveral parcells : J conceive that doth not alter our cafe,for a monarchy is the fame, as to the forme of politic, in a (mall, that is in a large dominion ; as a fixpence, or a mil ling, hath the frampe of a king upon it, as well as a twenty milling piece, or the greateft coyne, and is as currant. There- fore, as Beda faid of the Saxon Heptarchy, that it was a monarchy in an heptarchy ; fo, although the Britain s were anciently fq cantonized (as is above mentioned) into feveral territories : yet there being no de-r pendency among them, of one upon ano- ther, but every one being abfolute within, Jtfelf; WALLER*S VINDICATION. 295 itfelf : we may lay, they were but fo many monarchies in little, and every ftate was a monarchy, as well as if all had been but one. To tha^ opinion of Dio Niceus, that the northern people of this ifland were go- verned in a republican way, by popular councils, I think it enough to fay, that it is his own opinion, and nobody's elfe : for I find not one of the ancients concurring with him: and therefore, fince he doth not, according to law, tejtari de modofcien* tia, in avouching his authority, upon which his information is grounded ; I mail take the liberty to refpit my belief, untill I fee a better proof to convince mee. But I have done, and have no more to fay (having indeed faid too much already) upon this point $ but that thefe forementioned rea- fons, drawn from the confideration of the laws of the land, the oath of allegiance, the covenant, from antiquity, nature, cuf- tome, are inducements to mee, and obliga- tions upon mee, to endevour the reflaura- U 4 tion 206 WALLER'S VINDICATION. tion and continuance of our monarchical government, and do binde me as a facrifice with cords to that altar. I deny not, but there may be other fqrms of government, in their kinds, and feafbns of good ufe ; Ariftocracies and democra^ cies are no new things under the fun (but that none are fo exact and perfect as the monarchical, may appear by this, that mo- narchy is the principle whereinto all others are refolved. Interltus rei arcetur. per re- duffiionem ejus ad principia.) When the popular ftate is corrupted into anarchy, the remedy is, to contract the power into the hands of fome perfons of eminency ; which is the generation of an ariftocracy : and when thofe perfons fall to divide, and run into factions and emulations, the way to reconcile all, is to unite the power in one fupreme command, which is the cpnftitu- tion of a monarchy, and the lafl and moft perfect reduction, And therefore it was prudently advifed by Darius, in that great confutation WALLER'S VINDICATION. 297 confutation, touching the fettlement of the ftate of Perfia, that they mould do beft to fixe upon a monarchy at the firft, becaufe after all feditions,and divifions, and changes, they were fure they muft come to deter- mine in that at the laft. It is true the interefts of the populacy and nobility are confiderable ; but, like fom druggs, they work not fo well limply taken, as in a mixture; they do beft when they are com- pounded and corrected with a regal power. The Commons and the Lords have their refpective operation s ; but without the in- fluence of a king upon both, there would be nothing but confufions, and exorbi- tancies. Heraclitus faid truly : If the fun pi Qt . & j- or . were wanting it would be night for all the Notwithftanding all this, I am not fo partial to monarchical government as to think it of fuch a perfect habitude, that nothing can diflemper or empaire it. It may grow fowre with too much fetling. As jog WALLER'S VINDICATION. As the popular and ariftocratical eftates are apt to lofe themfelvs ; the one in a turbu- lent unjuft rule of a confufed multitude; the other, in a factious ufurpation of a few great ones. So the monarchical way de- generate into an arbitrary lawlefs tyrannic, There is no crown incorruptible but the crown of glory. The time was (as it is faid), when this government was in a ftate of innocency ; when vertue created kings, and kings were not better men then others, becaufe they were kings, but were made kings becaufe they were better men then Sen. Ep. 90. others. Non poterat potentior effe> nijl me- // hath kill'd a man can never after melter Phil.de Ani- itfelf in the earth again : ^ula vox fangui- nis clamat, & terra fontis exigit pcenas, I mould think that the earth mould refufe to harbour, or to bear thofe viperous crea- tures, that, contrary to the faith of both kingdoms, WALLER'S VINDICATION. 305 kingdoms, contrary to all example among Proteftants, and beyond all example of Papifts, or Heathens, have prefum'd with wicked hands to feize upon and imprifon his Royal Perfon, to try him without law, and to execute him without confcience, as a murtherer before his own door, in the capital city of the kingdomej all this, after he had granted, in the laft treaty, more then any King ever granted to any Parliament, and more then any Parliament ever demanded of any King; and more then this Parliament, in the beginning thereof, could have thought, or wHh'd. Certainly the voyce of this blood erieth aloud unto , GOD, from the earth, for vengeance ; and there cannot but be a fevere inquifition for it. It is true, becaufe fentence is not exe- cuted fpeedily, therefore judgment may feem to wink, but it fleepeth not. I re- member, Seneca, in his natural queftions, Sen. Nat. Quaeft. 1. ii. difcourling of the feveral forts of thunders, c. 42. and of their fignification (according to the X obfervation 506 WALLER'S VINDICAHON* bbfervation of thofe times) maketh men- tion of one, which he calleth Fulmen pr and make for the fettlement of truth, in the purity thereof and for the prefervation of peace, between thofe feldom quiet neighbours, fovereignety, and libertie: that fo the union may be more ftrict and firm then ever it was be- fore; and like a bone wellfett, the ftronger for having been broken. I look upon the prefent alteration of government, as a treafonable act, and as no way to be fubmitted unto (no not in Ikitis & boneftis], without forfeiture of allegiance, breach of covenant, and the ha- zard of participating in other men's fins. Hofca > viii,4. The prophet Hofea hath an exprefiion, they have made Princes, and I knew it not : which may imply, that there may be governments, WALLER'S VINDICATION. 309 governments, that are none of GOD'S making (as I may fay), and which he doth not own, or acknowledge : And I am of opinion, this new devifed commonwealth may pafs for one. It carrieth indeed a title of reformation, and in that refpect may gain upon fome men, that love any thing of that name j as the Emperor Garacalla eus vti. doted upon all perfons whatfoever (though delinquents and malefactors), that had the name of Alexander ; but my fancy is not flrong enough, to work mee to a compli- ance with it, upon thofe terms. I like a reformation well, and as well as any man : but it muft be fuch an one as may deter* mine in edification, and not in deftruction, as Jonah's prophecy did, touching Ninive, which, as one fays, was fulfilled. Ever/% Ninive, qua mala erat* y G? cedijicata bond, qua non erat. For this, before that I can fubfcribe to it, I muft take time to confi* der, Firft, whether we were not well enough without it, and if fo, Quorfum X 3 WALLER*S VINDICATION. ditto hczc ? to what purpofe are we at this coft? Certainly the world cannot afford us a better contrived government than what we had -, and if we mould fend never fo farr for new models of ftate, I am per- fuaded we mould gain no better return then the Thebans had from Phyfon, who hav- ing been employed by them to make a collection of the laws of the Lacedemo- nians (out of a civility they had to con- form themfelvs to their government, then reputed the mofl exact and perfect), when he came to make his report, inllead of de- livering that account, as was expected, he only prefented them with halters, whipps, and fhackles, and the like utenfils of juf- tice : and to unriddle the bufinefs, plainly told them, that they had as good laws as the Lacedemonians had; and that there was no other odds between them, but that the Lacedemonians excelled them in the maintenance and execution of their laws. Poffibly others may go beyond us in the executive WALTER'S VINDICATION; executive part of juftice, but for the frame itfelf of our government, and for good laws and orders, I am confident no flate under heaven can exceed us -, and if the defect were only in the mal-adminiftration, we had laws in force fufficient to punifh tha defed, But admitting there were fome things amifs in the frame and constitution of our government, it may in the next place be confiderable of what quality they were. For it may fall out in the reformation of a ilate, as fomtimes it happeneth in the cut- f ing and polifhing of a ftone, that it may be prejudiced and empaired, with too much pointing and forming, Dum formas ml~ nuis ; nay it may be crack'd, and broken, and fpoiled. And therefore herein ftatifts do many times imitate lapidaries, who, if jhey meet with a flaw, that may be ground forth without prejudice to the ftone, they will go to work upon it j but if they finde ft to be fuch, as cannot be taken out with- WALLER'S VINDICATION. out abating the ftone too much, or with- out hazard of breaking it, they will not meddle with it. They may, upon occa- fion reform, and alter things, that ly loofe in a ftate -, fuch, as like the chaff among the wheat, may, with a little labour, be winnowed out : but what things are fetled by long cuftome, and rooted, like tares among the wheat, fo that they cannot be pluck'd up, without hazarding the good feed, they will look upon as mala bene pqfita, and think better lett alone then changed ; when their very eafinefs to alter and change may bring a greater prejudice to the body of the government, then there can come benefit by the change to any part. Again, it may be thought upon, as to the order of proceeding in this reformation, whether it had not been better to fettle amendments fair and foftly, and by degrees, then in a precipitancy to put all things at once into a confufion. The way to repair an houfe, is not, with Samfon, to break down at once WALLER'S VINDICATION* 313 once the pillars that fupport it. It may be further inquirable, whether it were re- formation that drew on this change, or a defire of change, that pretended this re- formation. Many, efpecially where the people are the predominant party, affect nothing but change, mutationlbus ut reme- diis utuntur : They think they are as they mould be, when they are not as they were. Thefe never fettle in a mean, but like pon- derous and weighty bodies down a hill, they runaway with themfelvs, and flop not where they mould, but when they go no further. But taking it for granted, that the former frame of flate was faulty, not only as in re- ference to the decay of fome outhoufes, or in the inferior offices, but in the very foun- tion ; that the leprofy were fo fpred, and Levit. xiv, had fo fretted in all parts of it, that neither fcraping, nor new pkiftering, could ferve the turn, and that there could be no way to repair it, but by pulling all down; and that there were no other motive to it, nor end 314. WALLER'S VINDICATION. end in it, but to fett up a better building in the place. It may be demanded, firft, whether it had not been prudential, to have agreed upon a new model, before we had Ainfw. in deftroy'd the old fabrick ? The Tews had Levmc.xxvi. * J 3 1 * a law, forbidding them to demolifh an old fynagogue (though it were to re-edify an- other) before they had built up a new one to fupply its place. I wifh others had been as wife in their generation. But next, and laftly, it may be the queflion (fup- pofing this bufinefs mufl be done), who are fitt to be the furveyors of the work, and who are authorized to doe it ? Accord- ing to reafon, no authority can juftify the making of this formal and eflential altera- tion in the government ; but that, which firft conftituted it, and gave it being; which, whether it were vefted in the body of the people, that is, in toto pofulo, or in the major part thereof, or in fome felectec} perfons, as reprefentees of the reft ; or in the nobility, as the rnoft eminent, and of greateft WALLER'S VINDICATION? greateft intereft in the kingdome, it cannot be certainly determined. But in which foever of thefe it were (as in fome of thefe it muft be), moft certain it is, that the gentlemen fitting at Weftminfter had no title to this authority, who could neither be faid to be the people, nor any confide- rable part thereof -, nor their reprefenta- tive, nor the nobility, I am fure : but were only a ninth or tenth part of an Houfe of Commons, which is a half part of a Par- liament, thirty or fourty perfons, feldom more (and for the moft part, not fo many) ; who fitting under an armed power, and thereby, according to their own ordinance of the the 2oth of Auguft 1647, being dif- abled from adting any thing as an houfe j prefumed neverthelefs (upon the advantage of that force) to imprifon, feclude, and drive away all the reft of their fellow mem- bers ; to vote down the Houfe of Lords; to afTume the full power of the Parliament; to cut off the King; to attaint his ifTuej and WALLER'S VINDICATION. and to change the whole frame of the go- vernment, into a confufion called a Com- monwealth; whether this be a reforma- tion j or whether thefe people, fo qualified, had authority to reform, let GOD and the world judge. For my part, till I fee more need of a reformation (as to the whole body of the government), then I can yet appre- hend, I mail willingly difpenfe with this ; and till thefe gentlemen can {hew a better commiflion for what they have done, then I have yet feen, or can underftand, 1 mall look upon their authority as a meer ufur- pation and tyranny ; upon their votes and orders as null and void ; and upon all they have adted, as treafon in the higheft de- gree : and I cannot fubmitt to them, can- not in my confcience, without violating obligations, from which no earthly power can give me a difcharge ; and therefore I do ftill adhere to the prefervation of mo- narchy in thefe dominions, according to our laws and fundamental conftitutions; and WALLER'S VINDICATION and unto the maintenance thereof I lhall willingly facrifice my life and fortunes*. I was borne under a monarchy j and I de~ fire to dy under it, and (rather then fail) with it. For the conftancy of my affection to the fervice of the Parliament, I may fay (if it Were my laft breath) with that good Theo- dofius, DilexL I wiih I had been capable to give a better demonftration of it, then I have don by mypoorfervicesj which I mall prefume to juftify no further, then they have been faithfull. Poflibly I might have made more brick, if I had had more ftraw; but with t;hat allowance of force that was afligned to mee, I may fpeak it without vanity, I was not Servus piger. I have been in feveral perills, both among ene- mies and falfe brethren: in wearinefs and painfulnefs, and watchings often. If at any time I mifcarried in my attempt (as who may not ? the dice being no where fo uncertain as in the field), it was operofa. inftelicitas gig WALLER'S VINDICATION. infczlicitas unto mee : I {trained myfelf in miffing my aim, and my failing was my punimment. I would be clearly under- flood : I am not fuch a ftranger to my duty as to aflume any thing of merit in all this : if I had done more, it was no more then I ought to have done: if I have don lefs, I ihould have thought it nihilo minus. I was fo wedded to the Parliament interefl, and paffionately defirous to advance it, that I Martial, in may fay with Martial, it was a difTatisfac- Epift. ante Epigr. 1. xii. ti on t o mee> that j did no more then I could do: Si tantum ea prceftabam, qute poffem. What I was, I am j and by that marke I would be known. My affection to the Parliament (that is the Publique) was no morning dew : though the fun hath look'd upon mee, and fcorched mee to a degree of blacknefsj though I have fuffered many ways in my eftate, in my liberty, in my feputation; yet nothing hath been of force to exhale that. They write of Creon, ia the tragedie, that he hug'd his beloved daughter daughter in his armes, in the midft of the fire, and would not quit his hold 5 but when he could not help her, willingly pe- rilhed with her. I have embraced the Par- liament caufe, in the hotteft flames of the warr ; and by the grace of GOD, fo long as J can retein my foul within my teeth, I will never defert it -, and if I can do it no fur- ther, I mall contentedly mingle my afhes with it. And now, Or emus : It may feem a piece of popery to pray for the departed Houfes : but let it be taken how it will, I cannot but pour out my foul to GOD for them, That he would be pleafed to look upon them with a merciful afpect, as upon the corpfes of the two flain witnefTes, caft out and defpifedj and to breath himfelf into them, and revive them, and fett them upagain inhis good time: that being quick* ened, and aded by his fpirit, they may, according to their firft profeflions, fettle what is amifs, both in the church and civil flate, and fo re-eftablifh the throne of his Majefty WALLER'S VINDICATION, Majefty, that the world may bear witness to their loyalty. In that way, I doubt not, but GOD will be with them, to uphold and maintain their proceedings : fo that in the midft of all trepidations and fears, when the foundations reel and ilagger us, we may with boldnefs write upon their doors (as the good people of Antioch wrote upon theirs, in a great earthquake), CHRISTUS As to the union between the kingdoms, I may affirm, as in the prefence of heaven, that according to the tenor of my covenant, I have conftantly defired, and endevoured, the prefervation thereof; and I am ftill clear in it. Indivifion is theprimum bonum, the felicity of the glorious Trinity, the Heaven in Heaven. And this union (with the blefling of Almighty God) muft be the means to eftablifti the felicity of thefe kingdoms, as to their earthly and tempo- ral condition. So much I am for it, that in my private thoughts, I could wiili the wood WALLER'S VINDICATION. 121 Wood of Judah, and the wood of Jofeph, England and Scotland, both concorporated and fubftantiated together, in one tree, that they might be no more feveral people, nor diftinct kingdoms. However, it is the prayer of my foul, that in amity and brotherly conjunction, they may be but one called two, or (according to that cha- racter of Proaerefius and Hepheftion) two, E unap j u$4 and one, eternally and infeparably united. Thofe Milo's, that affect to mew their Valer. Max. flrength in renting this tree, may they come pj^^i** to be caught like him, in their own device. I Let them be divided in Jacob, that would divide Jacob, and make a fchifm in the Ifrael of GOD. Thus have I, according to my weak ta- lent, or mite, or what you will call it, gi- ven an accompt of my ftewardfhip, as farr as it hath had reference to thefe troubleous times. I have done it juftly, and without fetting down fifty, 'or fowerfcore for an hundred ; and without blanching any par- ticularity, 122 WALLER'S VINDICATION. ticularity, that I thought malice itfelf could not object against mee. I have likewife unbofomed myfelf, and endevour'd to urn my infide out, and to mew, that my ac- tions and intentions, my words and deeds Sen. I. i. have been una forma perc uffa, of one and Ep. 34.. the fame (lamp ; and that I have rowed no other way then I have look'd. I am not ignorant of the hazard I run in this, rather to provoke malice, then to fatisfy reafon ; and poffibly I may have the fame fortune that Praxiteles had, who feeing his face reprefented in a glafs with fome dif- advantage, would needs break the glafs in pieces, but then every piece yeelded him the fame profpect, and he did but multiply that unpleafing reflection. My impatience to fee myfelf mifreprefented, may but in- creafe animofities and clamours, and rail- ing accufations again ft me. ^ul replicat, multipllcat. But I have caft the die, and chofen ra- ther to run that hazard, then not to dif- charge WALLER'S VINDICATION. 123 charge my conference by offering up this oblatioa to truth. The worft that can be- fall mee, {hall be nos. to me. For that matter, the world and I are upon an even fcore : it never yet deceived me, becaufe I never yet gave it truft, I thank GOD, I can defpife the worft. I have weighed poverty, andbanifhment, and imprifonment, and death ; and I have found them light in the balance. I know how to want, and have to abound. I can be at home, abroad, and a free man in prifon (Qmms probus, liber, j I can finde life in death. If the cruelty of man take all I have from me, I can fay with Paulinus, Domme, ubi funt mea omnia, tufcis. There is an houfe, not j p e t. i. 4. made with hands, which they can never fequefter. If I be put to feek my bread again, with my poor family, I can comfort myfelf, as that father did, with the confi- deration, that the earth is the LORD'S, and the fulnefs thereof. He that feeds the Heb. xi. 16. favens, and clothes the lillies, will provide food 124 WALLER'S VINDICATION. food and raiment. I have a better country then this, that is, an heavenly, unto which the way is alike every where. If I be continued in prifon, it fhall not trouble mee. I have lived in prifon, ever iince I was born : my body is no other to mee but atiud ergaftulum, a prifon, and a worfe prifon then that wherein I lye. I am both a prifon, and a prifoner to myfelf. The world is but a common goal. Magis career, quam ipfe career, A prifon, where- in thofe, that have greateft power and authority have greatefl bonds upon them, and are greater prifoners, then thofe whom Philoftrat. in they imprifon. Magis vintti, quam ii gut ' ' ab el f dem vinciunter. In the ftraiteft con- finement that can be putt upon mee, it is the refreshing of my foul, that I can walk with GOD, and have my converfation in heaven. I may be fhut up; but GOD cannot be mutt out. Etiam & hie Deus. He is my keeper; and, therefore, though in prifon, I can defie a prifon. In car cere etiam WALLER'S VINDICATION. 13$ ttiam careen renuncio. But mine enemies Pfal. cxvi. 7. will take away my life ! Return unto thy reft, O my foul. The worft which they can do, is but that which is beft of all. Profunt nocendo. They may kill mee, but PHI. \. 23 , they cannot hurt me, as P. Thrafeas Foetus xiphil, in faid of Nero. If I fall, I mall fall, as fome Ner nc ' have fancied the Antipodes to do, furfum ; 1 mail fall upwards into heaven. O death, where is thy fting ? O grave, where is thy victory ? But I have done; and let the iflue be what it will, I mall humbly acquiefce in the good Providence of GOD, and take that portion contentedly and thankfully, which he mail think fitt to carve unto me : with- out being fo unmannerly, as to reach over my neighbour's trencher, for a better bitt. Epiftet. En r His blefled will be done with 'me, and in my fubmiffion and obedience to his will, Fiat voluntas mea. If I mail finde favour 2 Sam. x| 26. in the eyes of the LORD, he will reintegrate mee in my former condition, and in the comforts WALLER'S VINDICATION. comforts I enjoyed with it. But if he thus fay, I have no delight in thee ; behold, here am I, let him do to me as feemeth gqod him. FINIS. INDEX. quoted, 138 bis ftrange inclination to anger, 134 JEmilius Probus quoted, 158 Agitators, who, 112 addrefs letters to the Generals Cromwell and Skippon, 114 their complaints, 118 and demands, 119 apply to Skippon to reprefent the ftate of their grievances to Parliament, 122 demand a reparation for the commitment of Enfigu Ni cholls, 123 Agreement declared in 1647, how violated, 33 Ainfwbrth quoted, 247, 314 Aldermen of London, rheir defection, 188 Alexander, allufion taken from his empty chair, 136 Alphonfo, his wifh, 28 Anaxarchus, his obfervation to Alexander, 299 Androcydes, why lo careful in painting fifli, 2 16 Antigonus, his remark on the ftridtly-guarded Eumenes, 158 Antipheron, remark concerning him, 299 Antipodes, how fuppofed to fall, 325 Apollinaris much employed in apologia" ng for the Chilians, z Apollonius, his tacit oratory, 189 Aquinas alluded to, 14^ Ariftarchus defcribed by Dionyfius, n Ariilides much employed in apologiling for the Chriftians, 2 Ariilotle, his rule for enemies, 8 his diitindion between a good ci- tizen and a good man, 14 quoted, 98 his doftrine of lies, 212 quoted, 247, 248, 250, 271, '299 Army, what they effected, 29 their {landing proportion, 42 their reprefentations confidered by the Parliament, 6$ importune the King to ftay with them, i 57 their bold requisitions to the Parlia- ment, 159 enjoin the Houfes to raile no more forces, 164 prc- fent a daring and bitter remonftrance to Parliament for the fufpen- lion of the eleven members, 167 impute to them the fin of Aaron and of Ham, ib. prefent ftill fb-onger manifeftoes, 170 with- draw towards Salifbury, 172 compared to Jehu, 173 called upon to bring proofs againft the members, 174 compared to Benhadad, 178 and to the foldiers of Vitellius, il>, compared to fea mills., 179 the Houfe moved againft them by the eleven members, 180 Arrian quoted, 299 Atelepiades, his opinion of diflempers, 31 Athenasus quoted, 153 Athenodorus, his mode of forming a judgement of difeafes, 29 Auguftine, Saint, alluded to, 232, 254, 262 Auftin, Saint, alluded to, 204 Bacon, INDEX. Bacon, Lord, quoted, 75 Battin, Vice-admiral, holds a council of war refpeclmg the departing members, 202 Beggar, his jewel, 23 Benedia, Pope, the Ninth, hazards which he ran, 99 Bennet, Moles, employed to publifti the dangerous army petition to Colonel Butler's regiment, 72 avows to Captain Molineaux that he undertook the bufmefs with the confent of the General, 73 Bernard, Saint, alluded to, 204 Berofus quoted, 264 Birch, Colonel, prefides at the Committee for diftributing pecuniary relief to the officers and foldiers, 133 Bodin quoted, 275 Bolduc quoted, 254, 264, 266 Boy, his remark on {hiking his mother-in-law, 179 Boys, allufion to them and the frogs, 204 Brafton quoted, 242 Britifh hiftory, inquiries concerning it, 273 & feq. Buchanan quoted, 275 Camden quoted, 269, 275, 288 Caefar quoted, 288 Caracalla, his ftrange predilection in favour of all who bore the name of Alexander, 309 Caflander quoted, 231 Cedren quoted, 34, 257, 262, 265 Charles the Firft, alarming confequences of his demanding the five members, 27 quoted, ib. his arguments in the cafe of fliip mo- ney, 37 the oblation at the feaft of the army, 1 19 feized upon at Holdenby, 135 ufed like the empty chair of Alexander, 136 informed the Houfes, through Lord Dunfennlin, of the defign againft him, 137 importuned by the army to Hay with them, 157 averfe from complying, ib. ftrong exprefiion of his determina- tion to refift, weie any one to flop him from going to the Parlia- ment, 1 58 continually watched by the army, ib. inclines a lit- tle to the felicitations of Cromwell and Ireton, ib. Charondas quoted, 249 Chriftians, orthodox, how contributors with the Novatian fa&ion, 3 2o Chriftiaus, primitive, falfe accufations advanced againft them, 2 Cicero quoted, 3, 172, 189 City commiffioners, their feducing reprefentatipn of the temper of the army, 161 Cleopatra, her advice to Anthony, 267 Clotworthy, T N" D E X. Clotwortby, S. then complies, 194 Higden quoted, 274 Holdingby receives a copy of the dangerous army petition, 72 Ho'.lis, Mr., pacifies a 'tumult of foldiers, 100 advifed with by Waller, 105 departs with Waller, 201 Homer quoted, 248, 249, 250 Huntingdon, Major, takes the command of Lieutenant General Cromwell's regiment, .66 proves what crowns and i'ceptrcs were promiied to the King, 120 I. Janus, obfervation concerning him, 226 Jefus Chrift, how traduced, i Independent party, their offers to Waller, 13 Innocence liable to misfortune, when unprotected, i Iniurgents break into the Hoiife of Commons, and perpetrate much, violence, 183, 184 compared to thofc dreamt of by one in Ga- it co, ih. difpcrfcd by the fheriffs and their affiftants, ib. Jo r ephus quoted, 241, 268, 269 Joyce, Cornet, employed to feizc upon the King, i 36 declares that he received his orders from Lieutenant General Cromwell, ib. Ircnaeus quoted, 253 Ircton, Commifiary General, countenances a dangerous petition, 51 denies its exigence, 58 confined by a letter'to Colonel R officer, ib. gives theHoufehis reaibns why no vigorous courle fhould be taken tofupprefs the petition, '59 his motives for urging to have the evidence agaiutt the petitioning officers produced, 76 com- pared to the people prcffing for holy water, ib, font by the Parlia- ment INDEX. ment to the head quarters at Saffron Walden to allay difturbances, 115 plots the feizure of the King at Holdenby, 136 the King not inattentive to his felicitations, 158 puzzled to advance a charge againft the eleven Members, 174 called upon to concur in a claufe for the fecurity of the peerage, 193 accedes, ib. Italian, his obfervation on his horfe cutting, 19 his remark, 107 Juftinian quoted, 242 Juftin, Martyr, much employed in apologifing for the Chriftians, 2 Kempfon, Colonel, commands fome companies ordered to Ireland, 91 King, the. See Charles the Firft Kitchner quoted, 262, 266 Knightley appointed to fuperintend the difbanding of the army, 128 L.ncedcmonian, allufion to him and his oyfler, 40 Laftantius quoted, 258 Lambert, Colonel, propofes queftions to the Earl of Warwick, 83 reprefents himfelf as authorifed to draw up a ftate of all the griev- ances of the array, 116 his proceedings protefted againft by one hundred and iixty-feven officers, 117 Leland quoted, 274 Lenthal, Mr., withdraws from Parliament, 191 Lewes, town of, presents money to Waller, 209 Lewis, Sir William, fends a meflage to Waller, 105 Licinius Proculus, his crime ni fidelity pardoned by Vitellius, 22 Lilburne, John, his opinion of the employment in the Well, 18 countenances a dangerous petition, 51 called to the bar of the Houfc toanfwer for having promoted it, 64 directed by the Ge- neral to attend the pleasure of the Parliament, 71 fubfcriptions ordered to be returned to him, 72 proves what crowns andfceptres were promiied to the King, 1 20 Livy quoted, 164 Long, Mr. Walter, departs with Waller, 201 Lucan quoted, 66 Luther alluded to, 204 Ly lander, his juftice, 37 M Major of foot kicked in the prefence of the General, for having pro- felled an inclination to ferve in Ireland, 96 Maldonat quoted, 244 Malise INDEX. Malice and folly, their imputations compared to the hiding* of fnake* and geefe, 2 r Manchefter, Earl of, meets the Lord* at H'ltfie'.d, 191 Mapes, Walter, his defcription of the Church of Rome, 23 Martial quoted, 8, 31, 77, 197, ?7, 318 Maffey, Major-general, goes to Ireland as Lieutenant General of the Horle, 68 deputed to treat with the General concerning the fer- vice in Ireland, 77 chofen to command in li eland, 83 -calum- niated and vindicated, 84 Mafterof the Rolls called upon by Waller as his vindicator, 99 Matthew of Wcfnmiifter quoted, 274 Members, alarming confequences of the demand of the five, by the King, 27 the "eleven obtain leave to abtent rhcmfelves for fix months, 171 they enter upon their vindication, 177 they move the Houfc again ft pir Thomas Fairfax and the army, 180 Merchants prelent toys to Waller's wife, 209 Militia, ordinance for it reveried, 182 new ordinance for it drawn up and palled, il. Milo, to whom his fate is wifhed, 321 Mifery, what the moil miferable reiult of it, 155 Molineaux, Captain, receives the avowal ot Moles Bcnnct, 73 Mornay quoted, 233 Mufaeus quoted, 153 Myriilus quoted, 270, N Narciffus, thereafter of his mafter, 173 Nature, her procedure in certain exigencies, 185 Nauderus quoted, 233 Necdhain, Colonel, appointed to the command of feveral united re- giments, 66 Nennius quoted, 27^5 Nicephorus quoted, 232 Nicholls, Enfjgn, attempts to draw oft" the foldiers under Colonel Kempibn from rhe lervice in Ireland, 91 is prevented by Captain Dormer, 92 -is lent up to London, and committed by a ipecial order of the Houfe, 93 reparation demanded for his commit- ment, 123 dilcharged, 128 Nile, effects of its high rifing, 135 Northumberland, Earl of, withdraws from Parliament, 191 Nottingham, Earl of, fent by the Parliament as a commiilioner to foften the army into obedience, 142 Novatian faftion, how contributors with the orthodox ChriiHans, 228 O Officers, propofitions which they make prcvioufly to their anfu'er touching a declaration for JrehmJ, 47 diilcnt of others againit a dangerous I N> D E X. dangerous petition, 55 thefe thanked by the Houfe, 61 the treatment at the 'bar of the Houfe of thole who petitioned, 74 their behaviour at their return to the army, 75 Origen quoted, 262 Otho, his advice to Coccianus, 4 Ovid quoted, 9, 32, 217, 251 Pctut, his obfervation as to the power of Nero, 32^ Pambo, his leflbn, 4 Nova Reperta, 113 Panormit quoted, 33 Parallel lines, how limilar to the diverfity of opinion and conduct in upright characters, 10 Parliament ftrongly reprobate the dangerous army petition, 67 consider the reprefentations of the army, 6^ vote for uniting par- ticular troops into one regiment, 66 for putting the cavalry of . the army on a neweftablifhment, il. refolve what regiments fhall be employed on the fervice of Ireland, 67 vote the quantum of their pay, 68 fend Skippon, Cromwell, Ireton, and Fleetwood, to the head quarters at Saffron \Valden, to allay tumults, 1 1 5 vote for the difoanding of all the forces of the kingdom not iub- icribing for the iervice of Ireland, 124 pafs the act of indemnity, and proceed to votes refpecling the army and others, 125 appoint commimoners to alfifl in the difbanding of the army, 128 recall Skippon, 130 comply with the deiire of the foldiers, 131 how, 131, 132, 137 erafe from their Journals their declaration againft the petition irom a part of the army, 133 how requited, 134 refemble Balaam, 141 fend new commiffioners to foften the army into obedience, 142 order the army to approach no nearer to London than forty miles, 145 ftand on their guard againft them, 149 greatly perplexed concerning the apprehended demands of the army, 156 fend Sir Thomas Widrington and Colonel Wrpre to difcover their defigns, ib. fend an order to require the General to deliver the King into the hands of coinmirlkmers, ib. bold re- quilirion made to them by the armv, 159 enjoined by the army to raife no more forces, 164 their fall compared to that of the lion in Theocritus, 190 Parrhafius deceives .Zeuxis, 177 Paufanias quoted, 321 Peleus, comparifon drawn from his daughters, 32 Pelham, Mr., called to the woolfack during the abfence of m^mbe's, 185 People, fuch as know not how to fay no , 1 64 Petition, one dangerous, reprefented as coming from the foldiers, ri its contents, 52 fhongly reprobated by the Parliament, 61 Philo quoted, 270 Philoilratus quoted, 189, 325 Phyibn, his mfulting conduct to the Thekms, 310 Pierrcpoint, I tf D E X. Pierrepoint, Mr., withdraws from Parliament, 191 Pittacus grinds the Mytylenians, 30 . Plain dealing the jewel of the beggar, 23 Plato lefs a friend than truth, 19 quoted, 250 Pliny quoted, 94, 177, 221, 254, 278, 305 Plutarch quoted, 30, 41, 49, 84, 95, 164, 179, 204, 216, 257, 267, 277, 297 Polybius quoted, 280, 282 Polyhiftor, Alexander, quoted, 264 Pomponius Mela quoted, 226, 2^4 Poole, town of, preients plate to Waller, 209 Pory, Mr., fent by the Parliament as a commiffioner to foften the army into obedience, 142 Potts, Sir John, appointed to fuperintend the diibanding of the army, 128 Powell, Dr., quoted, 277, 290 Praxiteles, his inclination. on feeing his face in a glafs, 322 Pride, Lieutenant-colonel, countenances a dangerous petition, 51 called to the bar of the Houfe to anfwtr for having promoted it, 64 directed by the General to attend the pleafurc of the Parlia- ment, 71 Prinne, Mr., {peaks in vindication of the imprifoned members, 222 Proasrefiu's infeparablc from Hephefion, 321 Proximus, his remark concerning Valentinian, 168 Putrcdo lucens defcribed, 10 Pythagoras, his opinion of the harmony of the fpheres, 34 how ililing himfelf, 98 Quadratus much employed in apologifing for the Chriftians, 2 R Rabelais alluded to, 148 Rainlborough, Colonel, exception with rcfpect to his regiment, 74 Reineccius quoted, 247 Rich, Colonel, reproaches QuaFter-mafter-general Fincher, 51 Roffiter, Colonel, a letter to him ierves for a detection of Ireton, $9 his regiment put on the new eftablifhment, 66 propoled to guard the King with his regiment, 157 Sabellicus quoted, 28 Saint John, Mr., withdraws from Parliament, 191 Saints, fulte, defcribed, n INDEX. Salian quoted, 246, rfi8 Salifbury, Earl of, withdraws from Parliament, 191 Saloway, Mr., employed in fettling the manner of drawing out tbe forces for Ireland, 42, 44 Salvianus quoted, 197 Say, Lord, withdraws from Parliament, 191 Scavven, Mr., fent by the Parliament as a commiffioner to foftcn tfie army into obedience, 142 Scotch, their great bravery, 216 Scotus alluded to, 145 Scripture quotations, I, 2, 3, 7, 9, 14, 18, 15, 20, 23, 24, 27, * 8 3 2 34, 37 3 8 > 39> 43 49' 73 82 97 i 6 > 107, 113, M4, Hi 43 *73i : 75 J 7 8 *9 8 20O > 20 4 20 7 2 " 2*7t 221, 224, 225, 227, 228, 229, 230, 236, 245, 246, 247, 248, 251, 261, 262, 268, 271, 278, 304, 306, 308, 313, 314, 323, 325 Scroope, Colonel, fent to the Commons with the charges againfl the eleven members, 176 Sclden quoted, 256, 259, 266, 267, 275 Seneca quoted, 13, 21, 32, 134, 165, 173, 204, 270, 275, 298, .305 322 Silanus, his cafe, $ Sin, manner of the firft eflays and progrefs of it, 73 Sirach, fon of, his expreffion for duplicity, 7 Skippon, Major-general and Field-marflial, appointed to the com- mand of the forces for Ireland, 68 obtains the remanding of the regiment of Sir Hardrefs Waller from Newcaftle, 71 receives letters from the agitators, 1 14 fent by the Parliament to the head quarters at Saffron Walden to allay difturbances, 115 yields to the impetuofity of Lambert, 1 18 declares his intention to go for Ireland, 121 applied to by the agitators to prefent the flate of their grievances to Parliament, 122 he complies, 123 recalled by the Parliament, 130 advifes an acquiefcence to the deiire of the foldiers, 131 fent by the Parliament as a commiffioner to foften the army into obedience, 142 Socrates, lefs a friend than truth, 19 Soldier, heinous crime of detaining from him his pay, 23 Soldiers frop the money fent by Parliament for difbanding the troops, 130 their defires granted, 131 Solinus quoted, 254 Speaker, the, called upon by Waller as his vindicator, 99 Stapleton, Sir Philip, pacifies a tumult of foldiers, 100 Strabo quoted, 59 Suetonius Paulinus, his crime of fidelity pardoned by Vitellius, 22 Syracides, his advice, 4 Tacitus INDEX. Tacitus quoted, 5, 49, 178, 220, 272, 276, 288, 291, 301 Tertullian much employed in apologifing tor the Chriftians, 2 quoted, 262, :64 Thearidas boatts of the temper of his fvvord, 84 Theo, his ule of a trumpeter, 219 Theocritus quoted, 190 Trenchard, John, his account of money paid to Waller, 17 Truth, more a friend than either Plato or Socrates, 19 Tvviftleton, Major, takes the command of Colonel Roffiter's regi- ment, 66 -^ U Ulyfles madly inclined to return to the den of the Cyclops, Upton quoted, 274 Valerius Maximus quoted, 321 Vane, Sir Henry, the younger, font by the Parliament as a Com- miffioner to foftcn the army into obedience, 142 Varro quoted, 261, 285 Virgil quoted, 37 Virgil Polydore quoted, 269. 275, 286, 287 Vitellius willing to pardon the crime otfokRty in Suetonius Paulinus and Licinius Proculus, 22 W Waller, SirHardrefs, his regiment remanded from Newca (lie, 71 employed to vindicate thoie otiicers who were deemed averie trom fupporting the peerage, 196 Waller, Sir William, what con fide rations are palliatives for his fuf- ferings, 3- -ftrong motives for his vindication, 3, 4 confufed but not acknowledged reports again!} him, 5, 6 clears himielf from the charge ot apoihury, 6 the inclinations upon which he grounded his conduct in the Houle of Commons, 8 ufes the falfe faints as Mofcs did his rod, 1 1 not quitting bur defertedby his friends, 13 ~ offers made to him by the independent party, 13 his anfwer, 14 his reafons for appointing a council of war, 1 5 continued in his military command, in the view of oppofition to the Earl of Ef- fcx, 1 6 receives money from Trenchard, 17 compared to Joafli, 18 fent to the relief of Taunton with an inferior army, /'.<$. compares himfelf to the Roman gladiators, 18 proof of his having I N D E X. having ailed confcientioufly, 19 defends himfelf again ft the accu- iation of endeavouring to break the army, violate the Parliament, and embroil the kingdom in a new war, 20 queftions for which he voted, 22 breaks out againft the crying fin of detaining the pay offoldiers, 23 criminates only part of the army, 38 applauds the reft, ib. words in which he takes his leave of the army, 40 vindicates himfelf from the charge of having endeavoured to deftroy it, ib. if perifhing, will perifh like the ermine, 44 acquaints the General with the contents of a dangerous petition, 51 makes a report relpe&ing it to the Houfe, 56 criminates Commiflary General Ireton, 57 enabled by a letter to Colonel Roffiter to de- tect his falfiries, 58 his informations concerning the army petition referred to a fpecial committee, 60 animadverts on the letter of the General refpefting the dangerous army petitions, 72 compares the petitioning officeis to the woman apprehended in adultery, 75 and Ireton to people preifing for holv water, 76 deputed to treat with the General and officers concerning the fcrvicein Ireland, 77 relult of his deputation, 78, 88, 90, 93 vindicates General Mafley, 84 exculpates himfelf from the charge of being accef- fury to ufiiiults by loldiers, apprentices, and others, 97, 100, 103 calls upon the Speaker and the Mafter of the Rolls as his compur- gators, 99 pacifies a tumult of foldiers, 100 receives meflages from Sir William Lewis and Sir John Clotvvorthy, 105 advifts with Mr. Hollis, ib. defends himfelf againft the accufation of being an incendiary, 107 accounts for his obedience and fubfer- viency to the Parliament, 1 1 1 his remark on the bold propofition of the army for the termination of the Parliament, 160 investi- ates other?, 161 his fine remark upon the refufal to hearjuft etitions, ib. accufed again, 163 compares any thought within im ot returning to the Houfe to the madnefs of Ulylles, 185 obtains a pafs from the General to retire into the country, 186 being fummoned, attends the Houfe,. ;4. defcribes the fecelfion of ieveral eminent Members, and the fublcquent fall of Parliament, 190, 191, et fcq. vindicates himfelf from the charge of flying from the kingdom, and taking away great fums of money, 200 defcribes the departure of himfelf and ailbciares, 201 clears himfelf from the charge of conveying money out of the kingdom in butter bur- rels, 205, 210 magnitude or his 1< fks during the troubles ot the State, 207 receives prelents from different quarters, 209 refutes the falfe reports againft him, 211 vindicates himfelf from the charge of taking a commiiiion in the royal fervice, 213 wait the Queen of Bohemia, ib. exculpates himfelf from the ace of being concerned in the revolt of the {hips, 2 1 5 and of \\-.\-. i -^ interefted himfelf in the Scottifh engagement, 216 proud of being an Englifhman, 218 compares himfelf to the Chriftians in the fkins of beafts, 220 refutes the charge of having defrauded the State, 220 defends his vote that the propofitions of the King fhould be taken into confide 1 ation, 221 receives the thanks of the Houfe, 223 impeached, ib. imprifoned, 224 expatiates concerning his religion, principles, politics, attentions, opinions, and p hi INDEX. and views, 225, etfeq. argues in favour of monarchy, 241, ttftq. his inquiries concerning the Britifh hiltory, 273, et Jeq. pane- gyrifes Charles the Firft, 301 his attachment to him, 303 his deteftation of his execution, 304, et Jeq his motives for engaging in the civil wars, 303 his Iblemn declaration in favour of mo- narchy, 308 his conftancy to the Parliament, 317 compares himfelf to Theodofius, ib. prays for the Parliament, 320 ex- preffion of his wiflies for an union between the two kingdoms, ib. compares the world to a prifon, 324 how, in his own pcrfon, enabled to bear impriionment, ib. may fall like the Antipodes, 325 Walfingham, Thomas, quoted, 274 Walter, Archdeacon of Oxford, alluded to, 284 Walton quoted, 263 " Warning for all the Counties of England," a violent pamphlet, 79 Warwick, Earl of, deputed to treat with the General concerning the fervice in Ireland, 77 addrefles himfelf to the officers at Saffron Walden, 83 mfvyers the queilions from Colonel Lambert, ib. informed of foldiers ferving againft the Parliament, 121 appointed to fuperintend the dilbanding of the army, 128 remains ufelefs at Chelmsford, 130 Whaley, Colonel, his regiment put on the new eilablifhment, 66 Wharton, Lord, employed in fettling the manner of drawing out the forces for Ireland, "42, 44 informs the General of the contents of a dangerous petition, i withdraws from Parliament, 191 Whea^amftede, John of, quoted, 275 White, Colonel, fent by the Parliament to difcovcr the defign of the army, 156 Widdrington, Sir Thomas, employed in the fame manner, 156 William of Newborough quoted, 275 Willoughby, Lord, of Parham, called to the woolfack during the abfence of members, 185 Woman, old, her remark on the Mitylenians being ground by Pitta- cus, 30 Xiphilinus quoted, 325 Zenocles, refult of his decifion with Euripides, 8 Zeuxis deceived by Parrhafius, 177 Zonaras quoted, 269 THE END. LOS ANGELES LIBRARY This book is DUE on the last date stamped below JUIUG 1951 < [AN MAY 14 Form L-9-10w-5,'28 t PLEASf DO NOT REMOVE THIS BOOK CARD!! University Research Library a -.^v W ^ '